n r^^''-^^ 472B9'r98" ""'"""^ '''"'"' f Cornell University Library m The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028846439 51LA^) WOODSON. THREE GOVERNORS OF MISSOURI FROM BUCHANAN COUNTY. "' THE DAILY NEWS' History of Buchanm County -AND- ST. JOSEPH, MO. FROM THE TIME OF THE PIvATTE PURCHASE TO THE END OF THE YEAR 1898. PRECEDED BY A SHORT HISTORY OF MISSOURI. SUPPI.EMENTED BY BIOGRAPHICAI, SKETCHES OF NOTED CITIZENS, I^IVING AND DEAD. By The St. Joseph Publishing Company. Press of Lon. Hardman. INTRODUCTION THIS is the second history of Buchanan County and St. Joseph, the first having been published in 1881. Since then much important local history has been made. In the compilation of this work the facts contained in the first history were used as groundwork and elaborated from data carefully collected, revised, and verified. The facts concerning subjects not treated in that volume, and the events of the period intervening between 1881 and 1899, were gathered from citizens, newspaper files, public records and other reliable sources. Accuracy has been our chief aim, and in order that this might be attained these chapters were first published in the Daily News and the public was invited to correct and to criticize. Much interest was manifested and many valuable suggestions were received. To all who have aided in the preparation of this work, the compiler extends his sincere thanks. THE COMPUTER. HISTORY OF MISSOURI CHAPTER I. HERNANDO DE SOTO.— THE NAME OF MISSOURI.— EARLY SETTLEMENTS. — FRENCH AND SPANISH RULE. — LOUISIANA PURCHASE. — TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT.— ADMITTED AS A STATE.— FIRST REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.— GOVERNORS McNAIR, BATES, MILLER, DUNKLIN, BOGGS, REY- NOLDS, EDWARDS, KING, PRICE, POLK, HANCOCK JACKSON, AND STEWART.— 1 541 TO 1857. The first white man to put foot on the soil of Missouri was Hernando de Soto, the Spaniard. This was in 1541. He led a small band of soldiers of fortune as far north as the region, now known as New Madrid County, and then moved west across the Ozark Mount- ains and went into Arkansas. He sought gold, but finding none, returned to the Mississippi and died. He was buried at midnight in the river he had discovered, and his priests chanted over his body the first requiem ever heard in the Mississippi Valley. The Indians believed him to be the son of the sun, who could not die, and his body was consigned to the waters to conceal his death and keep the Indians in awe. The Spanish, however, did not colonize Missouri. In 1662 Robert Cavalier de la Salle, a Frenchman from Quebec, came down the Mississippi and took possession of the whole country in the name of Louis XIV.. the reigning King of France. Within the next fifty years various settlements were projected, all in the interest of gold and silver mining. It is said that in 1705 a prospecting party of Frenchmen ascended the Missouri River as far as where Kansas City is now located. In his school history. Perry S. Rader of Brunswick states that this river was first called Pek-i-ta-nou-i by Marquette, which is an Indian word meaning "muddy water." About 1712, says Mr. Rader, 2 HISTORY OF MISSOURI it was first called Missouri, from the name of a tribe of Indians who inhabited the country at its mouth and along a considerable portion of its banks. There is no authority, according to Mr. Rader, for the often-repeated assertion that "Missouri means muddy." This definition of the word was given to it after the name of the river was changed from Pekitanoui to Missouri. The first place settled in Missouri was Ste. Genevieve, in about 1735, and the next settlement of consequence was St. Louis. The latter place owes its existence to Pierre Laclede Ligueste, more generally known in history as Pierre Laclede. The first settlement north of the Missouri River was at St. Charles, called Village des Cotes (Village of the Hills) then, and most of the Indian wars and adventures which figure in the early history of the state occurred in this vicinity. When France lost Canada she gave up all her possessions in America. Canada and the country east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, went to England in 1763, and Spain was indemnified for losses in the war with the territory west of the river, which in- cluded Missouri. Spanish governors ruled until 1800, when Louisi- ana was transferred to France, through the efforts of the first Na- poleon, who had planned a monarchy in the new world. Both the people of the United States and the government of England objected to this. Negotiations were opened by President Jefferson for the Louisiana purchase. Napoleon, who was getting into close quarters, accepted an offer of $15,000,000, and the country was ceded to the United States. The French had not yet taken possession. On March 9, 1804, the American troops crossed the Mississippi and entered St. Louis, where Don Carlos Delassus, the Spanish com- mandant, delivered Upper Louisiana to Captain Amos Stoddard of the United States army, who received it as the agent of France and transferred it to himself as the aent of the United States. By this transaction Missouri was under the flags of three nations in as many consecutive days. Congress divided Louisiana into two parts soon after the trans- fer. All that is now within the State of Louisiana was called the Territory of New Orleans, the rest was called the District of Louisi- ana. The district was attached, for administrative purposes, to the then Territory of Indiana, whose governor was General William Henry Harrison. This was unsatisfactory, and upon a petition from the people the territory was separated from Indiana and given a governor and three judges. HISTORY OF MISSOURI 3 The first' governor appointed under the new order of things was General James Wilkinson, who was succeeded by General Merri- wether Lewis, of the famous Lewis-and-Clark expedition. General Lewis committed suicide in Tennessee in 1809, while on his way to Washington, and President Madison appointed ■ General Benjamin Howard of Lexington, Ky., to succeed him. In 1812 Congress passed a law by which Louisiana was raised from a second-grade to a first-grade territory, with a governor and general assembly, and its name was changed to Missouri. Governor Howard resigned in 1812, and was succeeded by Cap- tain William Clark, the companion of General Lewis in their explo- ration, and who was known as "Redhead" by the Indians, over whom he exercised great influence. Captain Clark was the first and only governor of the Territory of Missouri. Edward Hempstead of St. Louis was elected the first delegate to Congress from the new terri- tory, and was the first delegate to that body from west of the Mississ- ippi River. He was succeeded in 181 5 by Rufus Easton, and he, in 1817, by John Scott, who served until Missouri became a state. The first general assembly of the new territory met on December 7, 1812, at St. Louis, in the house of Joseph Robidoux, the father of the foimder of St. Joseph. In 1818 Missouri applied for admission to the Union as a state. Two years of bitter controversy ensued, which convulsed the country and threatened the dissolution of the Union. This controversy fol- lowed a resolution introduced into Congress which intended to prohibit slavery in Missouri. The momentous question was finally settled by the adoption of the "Missouri Compromise," which forbade slavery in all that portion of the Louisiana purchase lying north of 36 degrees 30 minutes, except in Missouri, and on July 19, 1820, the law passed admitting Missouri to the Union. A convention to frame a constitution had already been called, and the constitution then adopted remained without material change until 1865. The population of Missouri in 1820 was 66,000, of which number 10,000 were slaves. Captain Clark and Alexander McNair were rival candidates for the first gubernatorial honors of the new state. McNair was elected, with William H. Ashley of St. Louis as Heutenant-governor. Gov- ernor McNair served four years. He was a Pennsylvanian by birth and had been United States commissary at St. Louis for a number of years before he was elected governor. He died in 1826. 4 HISTORY OF MISSOURI ' The first general assembly of the state, compose'd of fourteen senators and forty-three representatives, met at St. Louis in Septem- ber of 1820, and elected David Barton and Thomas H. Benton United States senators. John Scott was the first congressman,^ the .state being entitled to but one member of the lower house at that time. Scjtt had been the territorial delegate, and was an able man. Until 1851 the judges of the supreme court were appointed by the governor. The first members of the supreme court were Mathias McGirk of Montgomery Coimty, John D. Cook of Cape Girardeau, and John Rice Jones of Pike. At its first session the legislature organized the following ten counties : Boone, Callaway, Chariton, Cole, Gasconade, Lafayette, Perry, Ralls, Ray, and Saline. The second governor was Frederick Bates, who died before completing his first year of service. Benjamin Reeves, th§ lieuten- ant-governor, having resigned shortly after his election, the execu- tive office fell to the president pro te'm. of the senate, Abraham J. Williams of Columbia, who at once called a special election, which "brought John Miller of Howard County to the head of the adminis- tration. Governor Miller was elected in 1828, with Daniel Dunklin •of Potosi as lieutenant-governor. Spencer Pettis was the second congressman. He was killed in a duel on Bloody Island by Major Biddle. In his canvass he had sharply criticized Major Biddle's brother, president of the United States Bank, for which Major Biddle severely chastised him. Mr. Pettis issue"d a challenge, and both combatants were killed. This was in 1831. William H. Ashley was elected to succeed Mr. Pettis. Daniel Dunklin was elected governor in 1832. He resigned one month before the expiration of his term to become surveyor- general of Missouri, Arkansas and Illinois. He was an ardent advo- cate of the public school and did much toward the erection of the system in this state. Lilburn W. Boggs of Jackson County, the Democratic candi- date, was elected to succeed Governor Dunklin, with Franklin Can- non of Cape Girardeau as lieutenant-governor. William H. Ashley of St. Louis, a Whig, who had been his opponent, was elected to Congress in the same year. It was during the administration of Governor Boggs that the Mormon troubles occurred. The part taken by the governor caused an attempt upon his Hfe. He was shot at Independence in 1841. Three bullets lodged in the victim's neck and head ; another passed HISTORY OF MISSOURI 5 through and came out at the mouth. Nevertheless, Governor Boggs recovered, and died in Cahfornia in 1861. Peter Rockwell, a Mor- mon, was charged with the crime, but was acquitted, the evidence being insufficient. Thomas Reynolds of Howard County, a Democrat, was elected governor in 1840, with Meredith M. Marmaduke of Saline County as lieutenant-governor. The presidential campaign of this year was attended with deep interest in Missouri, as in other states. The Whig candidate was General William Henry Harrison of Indiana, and the Democratic candidate was Martin Van Buren. Harrison was called the "log cabin candidate." The contest was called the ■"log cabin, coon skin and hard cider campaign," and the emblems were displayed in reality at the pubHc meetings. At this election the Whigs for the first time assumed a distinct organization in Missouri. Before that some Whigs had been promi- nent in politics, and had been elected to important offices, but they were chosen often on account of their personal popularity and worth, rather than because of their politics. But for the next twelve years the party made bold and aggressive campaigns at every election, although at no time did they gain control of the state. Governor Reynolds committed suicide at the executive mansion on February 9, 1844, whereupon Lieutenant-Governor Marmaduke took charge and served until the 20th of November. John C. Edwards of Cole County was elected governor in 1844, with James Young, of Lafayette County, as lieutenant-governor. There were then, as now, two factions in the Democratic party of Missouri, and they were divided then, as now, upon the money ques- tion. One faction, which favored silver and gold money, headed by Senator Benton, had nominated and elected Governor Edwards. The other faction favored a liberal use of paper money and opposed the re-election of Senator Benton. In 1848 Austin A. King, of Ray County, Democrat, was elected governor over James S. Rollins, of Boone, a Whig. Thomas L. Price, of Cole County, was elected lieutenant-governor. Mr. King, who, prior to his nomination for governor, had been judge of the Fifth judicial circuit, held the first term of court in Buchanan County. When the war broke out he denounced the secession move- ment and was elected to Congress by the Union party in 1862. He ■died in 1870 at Richmond. Sterling Price was elected governor in 1852. He was from Chariton County, and his name figures prominently in the history 6 HISTORY OF MISSOURI of the nation, both as a soldier in the war with Mexico and as a hrilHant leader of Confederate forces during the rebellion. After the war he embarked in business in St. Louis, and died there in 1867. Trusten Polk, a St. Louis lawyer of great ability, was elected governor in 1856, as the Democratic candidate, over Robert C. Ewing, the "American,' or "Know-Nothing," candidate. He served less than a month, however, having been elected by the legislature to the United States senate, from which body he and his colleague were expelled by the Republican members early in the war, for dis- loyal utterances. He died in St. Louis in 1876. Hancock Jackson, the lieutenant-governor, served until August of 1857, when Robert M. Stewart, of St. Joseph, was elected. CHAPTER II. MISSOURI IN VARIOUS WARS.— TROOPS FOR THE BLACK HAWK WAR.— THE MORMON DIFFICUL- TIES.— COLONEL GENTRY'S TROOPS IN THE SEMI- NOLE WAR.— THE WAR WITH MEXICO. Six wars figure in the history of Missouri — the Black Hawk war, the Mormon difficulties, the Seminole war, the war with Mexico, the civil war, and the war with Spain which has just closed. On the 14th day of May, 1832, a bloody engagement took place between the regular forces of the United States and a part of the Sacs, Foxes and Winnebago Indians, commanded by Black Hawk and Keokuk, near Dixon's Ferry, in Illinois. The governor (John Miller) of Missouri, fearing these savages would invade the soil of his state, ordered Major-General Richard Gentry to raise one thou- sand volunteers for the defense of the frontier. Five companies were at once raised in Boone, Callaway, Montgomery, St. Charles. Lin- coln, Pike, Marion, Ralls, Clay, and Monroe counties. These com- panies went to Fort Pike, but finding that Black Hawk had not crossed the Mississippi River, returned home and disbanded. Upon the present town site of Independence the Mormons located their "Zion" and gave it the name of "The New Jerusalem." They published here The Evening Star and made themselves gener- ally obnoxious to the Gentiles, who were then in the minority, by their denunciatory articles through their paper, their clannishness, and their religious intolerance. Dreading the demoralizing influ- ence of a paper which seemed to be inspired only with hatred and malice toward them, the Gentiles threw the press and type into the Missouri River, tarred and feathered one of their bishops, and other- wise gave the Mormons and their leaders to understand that they must conduct themselves in an entirely different manner if they wished for peace. After the destruction of their paper and press, they became furiously incensed, and sought many opportunities for retalliation. Matters continued in an uncertain condition until the 8 HISTORY OF MISSOURI .ist day of October, 1833. when a deadly conflict occurred near Westport, in which two Gentiles and one Mormon were killed. On the 2d of November following the Mormons were overpowered and compelled to lay down their arms and agree to leave the country with their families by January i, on the condition that the owner would be paid for his pr-inting press. Leaving Jackson County, they crossed the Missouri and located in Clay, Carroll, and other counties. In 1837 they selected in Caldwell County a town site, which they called "FaV West," and where they entered more land for their future homes. The printing press mentioned above was taken from the river, brought to St. Joseph, and used in producing the first issue of the Gazette. In 1838 the discord between the citizens and Mormons became so great that Governor Boggs issued a proclamation ordering Major- General David R. Atchison to call the militia of his division to enforce the laws. He called out a part of the First Brigade of the Missouri state militia, under command of General A. W. Doniphan, who pro- ceeded to the seat of war. The Mormon forces numbered about 1,000 men, and were led by G. W. Hinkle. The first engagement occurred at Crooked River, where one Mormon was killed. The principal fight took place at Haughn's Mills, where eighteen Mormons were killed and the remainder captured, some of them being killed after they had surrendered. Only one militiaman was wounded. In the month of October, 1838, Joseph Smith, the leader of the Mormons, and the chosen prophet and apostle of the church, surrendered the town of Far West to General Doniphan, agreeing to his conditions, viz : That they should deliver up their arms, surrender their promi- nent leaders for trial, and the remainder of the Mormons should, with their families, leave the state. Indictments were found against a number of these leaders, including Smith, who, while being taken to Boone County for trial, made his escape, and was afterward, in 1844, killed at Carthage, 111. The others were acquitted. In September, 1837, the Secretary of War issued a requisition on Governor Boggs of Missouri for six hundred volunteers, for service in Florida against the Seminole Indians, with whom the Creek nation had made common cause under Osceola. The first regiment was- chiefly raised in Boone County by Colonel Richard Gentry. Arriving at Jackson Barracks, New Orleans, they were from there trans- HISTORY OF MISSOURI 9 ported in brigs across the gulf to Tampa Bay, Florida. General Zachary Taylor, who then commanded in Florida, ordered Colonel Gentry to march to Okee-cho-bee Lake, one hundred and thirty-five miles inland by the route traveled. Having reached the Kissimee River, seventy miles distant, a bloody battle ensued, in which Colonel Gentry was killed, on Christmas day of 1837. The Missourians then fought without a leader until they had completely routed the Indians. They returned home in 1838. The Missourians also distinguished themselves in the war with Mexico in 1846-48. Not waiting for the call for volunteers, the "St. Louis Legion" hastened to the field of confHct. The Legion was commanded by Colonel A. R. Easton. During the month of May, 1846, Governor Edwards of Missouri called for volunteers to join the "Army of the West," an expedition to the Santa Fe — under com- mand of General Stephen W. Kearny. Fort Leavenworth was the appointed rendezvous for the volunteers. By the i8th of June the full complement of companies to compose the First Regiment had arrived from Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Saline, FrankHn, Cole, How- ard, and Callaway Counties. Of this regiment A. W. Doniphan was made colonel, C. F. Ruff lieutenant-colonel, and William Gilpin major. The battery of light artillery from St. Louis was commanded by Captains R. A. Weightman and A. W. Fischer, with Major M. L. Clark as field officer; battalions of infantry from Platte and Cole Counties, commanded by Captains Murphy and W.-Z. Augney, re- spectively, and the "Laclede Rangers," from St. Louis, by Captain Thomas B. Hudson, aggregating, all told, from Missouri, 1,658 men. In the summer of 1846 Hon. Sterling Price resigned his seat in Con- gress and raised a mounted regiment to reinforce the "Army of the West." He was made colonel, and D. D. Mitchell lieutenant-colonel. Shortly afterwards an independent battalion went under Lieutenant- Colonel Willock from Hannibal. In August, 1847, Governor Ed- wards made another- requisition for one thousand men, to consist of infantry. The regiment was raised at once. John Dougherty, of Clay County, was chosen colonel, but before the regiment marched the President countermanded the order. A company of mounted volunteers was raised in Ralls County, commanded by Captain Wil- liam T. Lalfland. Conspicuous among the engagements in which the Missouri volunteers participated in Mexico were the battles of Brazito, Sacramento, Canada, El Embudo, Taos, and Santa Cruz de Rosales. The forces from Missouri were mustered out in 1848. CHAPTER III. THE CIVIL WAR.— AGITATION OF THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. — GOVERNOR STEWART'S AIM. — GOV- ERNOR JACKSON'S UTTERANCES.— THE CONVEN- TION OF 1861.— LYON AND BLAIR AT ST. LOUIS.— LIBERTY ARSENAL AND CAMP JACKSON.— THE GOVERNOR ABANDONS THE CAPITAL.— STERLING PRICE.— THE FIRST BATTLE.— SKIRMISH AT CAR- THAGE.— WILSON'S CREEK. Governor Stewart was succeeded by Claiborne F. Jackson of Saline County, who was elected as a Douglas Democrat in i860. He received 77,446 votes. Opposed to him were Sampk Orr, a "Know- Nothing," who received 64,583 votes, and Hancock Jackson, a Breck- enridge Democrat, who received 6,135 votes. Public feeling was at unrest, for the agitation of the abolition of negro slavery had stirred the people as nothing before had ever done, The North and South were divided, and secession from the Union was tirged in slave states, that the people therein might hold their property in peace, for slaves were valuable chattels. Others advised arbitration and the perpetuation of the Union. The fugitive slave law did much to aggravate the troubles. This law gave the owner of a fugitive slave the right to pursue the fugitive into any state and take him out without any verdict of court. In the celebrated Dred Scott decision the -supreme court said this law was constitutional. As a result of this decision, the legislatures of a number of North- ern states passed laws nullifying the fugitive slav. e law, and the United States authorities found themselves powerless. At this asser- tion of state's rights on the part of the Northern states, the Southern states argued that if the Northern states could nullify one law of the Union, the Southern states could, by application of the same prin- ciple, nullify all of the laws of the Union and withdraw from the Union entirely. In the presidential campaign of i860 the Breckenridge party declared if the Republican party (which had come into existence in 1856, after the passing of the Whig party) were successful at the polls, HISTORY OF MISSOURI ii the Southern states would withdraw from the Union. Abraham Lincoln was elected, and subsequent events show how the South- ern states made good their threat. Missouri was the only state that gave Stephen A. Douglas its electoral vote. When the Southern states seceded, in i860, Missouri was con- fronted with a grave problem, being at the time the most populous ot the slave-holding states. Governor Stewart, who was then retiring from office, sincerely desired to keep Missouri in the Union, but he was opposed to forcing the seceded states back into the Union, and was opposed to Missouri's taking part in such a project ; so, also, was he opposed to the introduction of troops, either to force Missouri ouf of the Union or to keep her in. Governor Jackson, though he had been elected as a Douglas Democrat, now expressed different views. "The destiny of the slave- holding states is one and inseparable," he declard in his inaugural, "and Missouri," he concluded, "will, in my opinion, best consult her own interests, and the interests of the whole country, by a timely determination to stand by her sister states." Lieutenant-Governor Reynolds, who presided over the senate, favored secession, because he believed it impossible for Missouri to preserve an "armed neu- trality." A bill providing for a state convention to consider what position Missouri should take with regard to secession was passed by the legislature soon after it convened. This convention met at St. Louis on the last day of February, 1861. In the election of delegates the people had divided into three parties — Secessionists, Conditional Union men and Unconditional Union men. Governor Jackson, Lieutenant-Governor Reynolds, Senators Polk and Green and ex-Senator David R. Atchison led the Secessionists. Judge Hamilton R. Gamble of St. Louis, Alexander W. Doniphan, Sterling Price and ex-Governor Stewart led the Con- ditional Union men. They were for union, provided the federal gov- ernment would not attempt to force the seceded states back and attempt to coerce them into submission. The Unconditional Union men were for the Union, come what might, and they were in favor of forcing the seceded states back into the Union. They were led by Frank P. Blair of St. Louis, Judge Fagg of Pike County, Arnold Krekel of St. Charles, General John D. Stephenson of Franklin County, and Sam Breckenridge of St. Louis, and were most ardently supported by the German-Americans of the state. 12 HISTORY OF MISSOURI Sterling Price presided over the convention. Buchanan County was represented by ex-Governor Stewart, ex-Congressman Willard P. Hall and Robert W. Donnell. Secession was defeated, the con- vention declaring that there was "no adequate cause to compel Missouri to dissolve the connection with the federal Union." The convention perpetuated itself, after a session of twenty-three days, by adjourning subject to the call of the executive committee. A measure making provision for arming the state militia was defeated in the legislature, and that body adjourned without making arrangements for war. In fact, neither war nor armed neutrality were desired by the people. When Fort Sumter fell, on April 13, 1861, President Lincoln called for 75,000 troops. In response to a requisition for four regi- ments, Governor Jackson replied that Missouri would not furnish a man to "carry on an unholy crusade upon the seceded states." In the meantime Captain Nathaniel Lyon and Francis P. Blair were preparing for trouble at St. Louis. Captain Lyon, a West Point graduate, had enhsted and drilled five regiments and armed them from the St. Louis arsenal. General Frost, who had returned with 700 state troops from the Kansas troubles, was quartered at the edge of St. Louis, in Camp Jackson. When the call for troops came Lyon and Blair were to a consid- erable extent prepared for business. Under a special order from the Secretary of War to enroll ten thousand loyal citizens of St. Louis and vicinity, five new regiments were formed, known as the "Home Guards." The first five regiments were known as Missouri Volun- teers. Of the ten regiments, nine were made up largely of German- Americans. There was a government arsenal about four miles south of Lib- erty, in Clay County. It was in charge of Major Nathaniel Grant and two other men and contained about 11,000 pounds of powder, about 1,500 guns and twenty or thirty small cannon. On April 20, 1861, two hundred men, under Colonel H. L. Routt, most of them from Clay and Jackson Counties, quietly took possession of this arsenal, without interruption. The guns and ammunition were re- moved, some of the supplies being brought to St. Joseph and ulti- mately reaching the Confederate army. General Lyon drove through Camp Jackson, disguised in female attire, and convinced himself that some of the supplies had been brought there. He had been hoping for an opportunity to break up General Frost's command, and lost no time m setting about this work. HISTORY OF MISSOURI 13 Camp Jackson was attacked on May loth, and General Frost surrendered without a struggle. It was a case of 700 to 7,000, and he did the best he could. General Lyon's troops were frightened by a mob of citizens while returning with their prisoners, and fired several volleys into the crowd, leaving some forty people dead and wounded in the streets. -General Harney, who was in command at St. Louis,- justified the attack upon Camp Jackson, but many people disagreed with him, and the breach between the Union and Secession classes was at once widened. Among those who differed with General Harney was Gen- eral Price, who now o'ffered his services to Governor Jackson for what he declared to be in defense of the state, and he was at once appointed major-general of the Missouri state guards. On June 11, 1861, Governor Jackson and General Lyon met in a conference at St. Louis to agree, if possible, upon a plan for the restoration of order. No agreement was reached, however, after five hours, and General Lyon, who was an impetuous man, suddenly broke up the conference and gave the governor an hour to get ready to be conducted out of his lines. General Jackson hastened to Jefferson City and issued a proc- lamation, calling for fifty thousand volunteers "for iht purpose of repelling the attack that has been made on the state, and for the protection of the lives, liberties and property of her citizens." On the following day he and General Price, together with the state officers and state papers, left for Boonville. Here the first battle of the rebellion in Missouri was fought, on June 17, 1 86 1, between the forces of General Lyon and Colonel John. S. Marmaduke, resulting in a victory for Lyon. Marmaduke had two killed and five wounded, while Lyon's loss wa,= two killed and nine wounded. Jackson retreated southward with an army of 7,000 men, so- poorly organized and wretchedly equipped that it was little better than a mob. At Carthage General Sigel was encountered, with a loss to Jackson of ten killed and sixty-one wounded, and to Sigel of thir- teen killed and thirty-one wounded ; but Jackson carried the day and; Sigel retreated to Sarcoxie. Governor Jackson went to Memphis and induced Governor Polk to send General Pillow with 6,000 men to Missouri, but General Fre- mont checked this invasion at Bird's Point, on the Mississippi. It: was planned that Pillow should co-operate with General Jeff Thomp- son, who had gone from St. Joseph. ,4 HISTORY OF MISSOURI However Price received aid from McCulloch and Pearce, who were stationed in the Indian Territory. On August lo, 1861, was fought the terrific battle of Wilson's Creek. Lyon was at Spring- field and Price and McCulloch were pressing him. He feh that his only chance was to turn and fight. The armies met nine miles southeast of Springfield. A hill that rises from the ford of Wilson's Creek was the scene of action, and this has since been known as "Bloody Hill." Of the 5,400 Union men who took part in the fight 1,317 officers and men were killed, wounded or missing. General Lyon was killed, and every Union brigadier-general and colonel engaged on Bloody Hill was either killed or wounded, and the defeated Union forces were led off by a major. The total loss to the Confederate and state troops was 1,230 killed, wounded and missing. Price pleaded with McCulloch to follow up the attack, but McCulloch argued that he was a Confederate officer, in command of a Confederate army; that he had been stationed in Arkansas to defend the Indian Territory ; that it was his duty to defend, not to attack; that he had aided in repelling General Lyon because Lyon was about to invade the Indian Territory; that having done 'this, his mission was ended. Price was unable to alone follow the retreating troops, and before he could undertake it the Union army had increased to many times larger than his own. CHAPTER IV. SECOND SESSION OF THE CONVENTION.— HAMILTON R. GAMBLE MADE GOVERNOR, WILLARD P. HALL, SR., LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, AND MORDECAI OL- IVER SECRETARY OF STATE.— BATTLE OF LEXING- TON.— GOVERNOR JACKSON CONVENES THE LEG- ISLATURE AT NEOSHO. — SENATORS AND REPRE- SENTATIVES TO THE CONFEDERATE STATES CON- GRESS.— BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE.— PRICE'S RAID.— LAWRENCE MASSACRE AND ORDER NO. ii.— Mc- NEILL AT PALMYRA AND ANDERSON AT CEN- TRALIA. The convention which had met at St. Louis in March and ad- journed subject to call, met at Jefferson City on July 22, 1861. Gen- eral Robert Wilson of Andrew County, who at that time lived on his farm at "Jimtown," three miles northeast of St. Joseph, was elected president in the place of Sterling Price. The convention declared the offices of governor, lieutenant-governor and secretary of state vacant, and selected Hamilton R. Gamble of St. Louis to succeed Governor Jackson. Willard P. Hall of St. Joseph was elected to succeed Lieut.-Governor Reynolds, and Mordecai Oliver of Spring- field was appointed secretary of state. The convention also de- clared vacant the seats in the legislature, and for seventeen months it exercised the duties of the general assembly. The next battle of importance in Missouri was fought at Lexing- ton, where Price besieged General James Mulligan, commanding three thousand men, one-half from Missouri and the other half comprising the "Irish Brigade" of Chicago. After fifty-two hours. Mulligan surrendered. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation at New Madrid declar- ing the independence of Missouri. He also issued a call for the general assembly to meet October i, 1861, at Neosho. The legisla- ture, or a part of it, at least, met and declared that Missouri had with- drawn from the Union. John B. Clark, Sr., and R. L. Y. Peyton were elected senators to the Confederate States senate. Senator Pey- i6 HISTORY OF MISSOURI ton was succeeded by George Graham Vest, who now represents Mis- souri in the United States senate. Eight members of the lower house were also elected. The Confederate Congress, which met at Rich- mond, Va., recognized these proceedings and admitted Missouri to the Confederacy. But the United States Congress recognized the convention in all future deaHngs, and thus Missouri remained a Union state. Governor Jackson went south after this and died at Little Rock, December 6, 1862. Thomas C. Reynolds, his lieutenant-governor, continued to act, however, in dispute of the right of Governor Gam- ble, until the election of Governor Fletcher in 1864. But he was governor in name only. He was killed by faUing through an elevator shaf^ at St.. Louis, March 30, 1887. The next important battle in which Missouri figured was at Pea Ridge, in Arkansas, about thirty miles from Cassville, Mo. Price, McCulloch and Pike had a combined force of 20,000 men, who were placed under the command of General Van Dorn. The Federal forces were under Curtis. It was a desperate battle, skillfully fought on both sides, and continued for three days. Victory finally fell to the Federals. Over thirteen hundred men were killed or wounded on either side. Generals McCulloch, Mcintosh and Slack fell, and Price was wounded. After this engagement, which opened early in the morning, March 16, 1862, and closed on March 19, Price, with about 5,000 state troops, joined the Confederacy and his command was transferred to the east side of the Mississippi. The slaughter of ten innocent men by General John H. McNeill at Palmyra on October 8, 1862, is classed as one of the horrors of the civil war. Some of the troops of Colonel Porter, a Secessionist ma- rauder, had captured one Andrew Allsman, a disabled Union soldier, and doubtless put him to death. McNeill notified Porter that if Alls- man was not safely returned in ten days he (McNeill) would put to death ten citizens of that section whom he held in captivity at Pal- myra upon the suspicion that they were in sympathy with the South. Allsman was not returned and, at the end of ten days, McNeill ful- filled his threat. The ten victims, some of whom were connected with the best families of the community, were taken from the Palmyra prison and placed in wagons, each man sitting upon his coffin. Half a mile east of town they were shot,' each victim kneeling beside his coffin. It is not within the scope of this brief history to present the details of the numerous clashes at arms during the war period ; how- HISTORY OF MISSOURI 17 ever, some mention of the sacking of Lawrence and General Ewing's consequent "Order No. 11" should be made. But a short digression is necessary. The border troubles that arose over the Kansas question are well remembered by older people who lived in Platte and Buchanan Counties before the war. Both the North and South wished to be triumphant in Kansas, and the Missourians who desired that Kansas be admitted as a slave-holding state took an active part in regulating the affairs of the neighboring territory. In order to carry the state for abolition, Massachusetts sent out men under the auspices of "Emigration Aid Companies," "Kansas Societies," and the like. These men brought more guns and powder than agricultural imple- ments. Missouri formed "Blue Lodges," to counteract the Massa- chusetts companies. In 1855 the pro-slavery party elected the territorial legislature in Kansas, and it was charged that 5,000 Missourians had crossed the border from Buchanan, Platte,_ Jackson and Cass Counties, and voted. As a counter charge, the pro-slavery people claimed that a company of immigrants had voted at Lawrence on the day of their arrival. The election of six pro-slavery candidates was contested and sus- tained by the territorial governor, who gave certificates to the anti- slavery candidates. But he anti-slavery men were still dissatisfied. They refused to acknowledge the authority of the legislature or to obey its laws. Active troubles now began, and the contending factions soon learned to rob each other, burn each other's houses, and destroy prop- erty. The inhabitants of Missouri border counties now began to suffer severely also. John Brown of Osawatomie instigated raids and headed some of them himself. In one of these raids, made in December of 1858, he carried off eleven slaves. The general assembly of Missouri appropri- ated $30,000 to be used by Governor Stewart as he thought best. He offered $3,000 as a reward for John Brown, all of whose raids into Missouri were marked with blood. The efforts put forth by the legislature, the governors of Mis- souri and Kansas, and the United States army, partially quieted the "Jayhawkers," as these marauders were called, for two years,, but in i860 they broke out afresh, under the leadership of a des- perado named James Montgomery. Governor Stewart sent General Frost with 7,000 men to the border, but General Harney of the United States army had preceded him. i8 HISTORY OF MISSOURI Historians declare that the depredations of the "Jayhawkers" and other raids of Kansas troops and freebooters into Missouri led to the destruction of Lawrence by Quantrell and his band of guer- rillas on August 21, 1863. Stores, banks, hotels and dwellings were sacked and burned, and one hundred and eighty-three men, women and children were killed. It was a most cruel and inhuman deed, even in warfare. General Ewing, stationed at Kansas City, issued Order No. 1 1 on August 25, four days after the massacre. All persons then living in Jackson, Cass and Bates Counties, except those dwelling in the prin- cipal towns, were ordered to remove from their places of abode within fifteen days. Those who could show that they were loyal were permitted to remove to the military stations or to Kansas. All others were to remove entirely out of these counties. Their grain and hay were to be taken to the nearest military station, where the owners were to be granted certificates showing their value, and all produce not so delivered was to be destroyed. The whole district soon presented a scene of desolation. In 1866, when the inhabitants returned, they found their homes destroyed by fire, with nothing left but the blackened chimneys. Thus did General Ewing square up accounts for the sacking of Lawrence. That Missouri was the scene of much bloodshed during the waf is easily proven by the fact that 450 battles and skirmishes were fought from the time of the capture of Liberty Arsenal until the end of the great struggle. It is estimated that Missouri furnished to Governor Jackson and the Confederate service about 40,000 men. The number of Union enlistments reaches nearly 110,000, of which number about 8,000 were negroes. That feature of the war in Missouri known as Price's raid began in September of 1864. Price entered Southeastern Missouri with a large force and was making for Jefferson City, where the Union forces from every part of the state were rapidly concentrated to defend the capital. Price evaded Jefferson City, upon information of the formidable resistance to be made there, and moved toward Boon- ville and Lexington, hotly pursued by Generals A. J. Smith and Pleasanton. At Independence he was defeated by Pleasanton and retreated to Arkansas. The Centralia massacre, which also lives in history as a war hor- ror, occurred on September 27, 1864. Bill Anderson, a notorious guerilla and a band of two hundred cut-throats, surrounded a train aboard which were some twenty-five Federal soldiers who were on HISTORY OF MISSOURI 19 furlough and unarmed. Anderson's men opened fire and the soldiers made desperate efforts to escape, leaving the cars and running, only to be shot down. Some sought protection under the depot platform, others in outhouses and barns, but the ferocious guerillas permitted none to escape. On the same day, in a battle between Major John- son's forces and Anderson's band, sixty-eight of Johnson's men were killed. Johnson's forces scattered and were pursued, seventy more being killed by the guerillas before these terrors ended their bloody work. A month later Anderson was killed in Ray County. CHAPTER V. LAST SESSION OF THE CONVENTION.— DEATH OF GOVERNOR GAMBLE.— WILLARD P. HALL AS GOV- ERNOR.— THOMAS C. FLETCHER AS GOVERNOR. —THE DRAKE CONSTITUTION AND TEST OATH.— GOVERNOR M'CLURG.— THE LIBERAL REPUB- LICANS.— B. GRATZ BROWN FOR GOVERNOR.— REPEAL OF THE TEST OATH.— GOVERNORS WOODSON AND HARDIN.— THE NEW CONSTITU- TION.— GOVERNORS PHELPS,. CRITTENDEN, MAR- MADUKE, MOREHOUSE, FRANCIS, STONE, AND STEPHENS. .The famous "convention of '6i" met for the last time in June of 1863, and among other work, passed an ordinance providing for the emancipation of slaves after July 4, 1870. This was accomplished earlier, however, by another method, as will be seen below. The con- vention adjourned sine die on July i, 1863. Governor Gamble died on Januarv 21, 1864, and Lieutenant- Governor Hall of St. Joseph became governor and served about one )'ear, when he yielded to Thomas C. Fletcher, the first Republican governor elected in Missouri, who had received 71,531 votes, over Thomas L. Price, Democrat. Mr. Fletcher was born in Jeffer- son County, Mo., January 22, 1827, and was serving as brigadier- general under Sherman in Georgia when elected. At the same time Francis Rodman of St. Joseph was elected secretary of state. He served six years. At the election of 1864 the people had voted for a convention to amend the constitution, and sixty-six delegates were elected. These delegates met in the Merchants' Library Hall at St. Louis in January of 1865, and adopted what is known in history as the "Drake Con- stitution," from the fact that Charles D. Drake was the leading spirit in the convention and practically the author of the law. This convention, on January 11, 1865, passed an ordinance abol- ishing slavery. Governor Fletcher did not wait to have this ratified, but on the following day issued a proclamation that "henceforth and HISTORY OF MISSOURI ' 21 forever no person shall be subject to any abridgement of liberty, ex- cept such as the law shall prescribe for the common good, or know- any master but God." Buchanan County was not directly repre- sented in this convention. Each senatorial district was entitled to two representatives. This county was then in the Twelfth senatorial district, composed of Buchanan, De Kalb, Gentry, and Worth coun- ties. Dr. L. H. Weatherby, of De Kalb, and EH Smith, of Worth County, represented the district in the convention. Dr. Weatherby and Chauncey I. Filley are the only two servivors (1898) of that memorable assembly. The Drake constitution soon became odious because of the test oath, which declared that no person should vote or hold office who had "ever" engaged in hostilities or given aid, comfort, counte- nance or support to persons engaged in hostilities against the gov- ernment of the United -States," etc. By this oath one-half of the people were prevented from voting until 1872, and many more doubtless would have been had they told the truth. In 1868 Joseph McClurg of Camden County, RepubHcan, de- feated John S. Phelps of Springfield, Democrat, for governor, by 19,000, out of a total vote of 145,000. E. O. Stannard of St. Louis was elected lieutenant-governor. Under the Drake constitution the term of office of the governor was two years. In 1870 an effort was made to have a new constitution. The Republican party was divided upon the subject into "Liberal" and "Radical" factions. The liberal element believed in repealing the test oath, and the radicals declared for its perpetuation'. The latter nominated Governor McClurg for re-election. The liberals with- drew from the convention and nominated B. Gratz Brown of St. Louis, who was elected by 41,000 majority. The people voted to repeal the test oath by a majority of 111,000. At the same time the Liberal RepubHcans and Democrats obtained control of the legisla- ture. As soon as possible all obnoxious laws were repealed and all disabilities removed, as a result of which the vote in 1872 was 112,276 greater than in 1870. When confidence had been restored an era of prosperity fol- lowed, and on every side the people began to efface the traces of the war. The Liberal Republican movement, which began in 1870, con- tinued until 1874. In 1872 the Liberal Republicans and Democrats met in convention at Jefferson City. The Democrats nominated Silas Woodson of St. Joseph for governor ; also candidates for treas- urer, attorney-general and auditor and eight of the presidential elect- 22 HISTORY OF MISSOURI ors. The Liberals nominated Charles P. Johnson of St. Louis for lieutenant-governor candidates for secretary of state, register of the land office and seven presidential electors. This ticket was elected and the entire electoral vote cast for Greeley and Brown. The regular Republicans had nominated John B. Henderson for gov- ernor. In 1874 the Democrats nominated Charles H. Hardin of Audrain County for governor and Norman J. Colnian of St. Louis for lieu- tenant-governor. The Republicans did not make any nominations, but William Gentry of Pettis County was nominated by the People's party, which had grown out of the Granger movement. This party was organized on the basis that nearly all of the financial troubles that followed the crash of 1873 were due to bad legislation, and its mission was to unite farmers, laborers and mechanics in an attempt to repeal all bad laws and make good ones. • But Governor Wood- son's administration had forestalled the Grangers by passing the desired laws and cutting down expenses. Governor Hardin was elected by a majority of 37,463. At the same election the people voted for a constitutional con- vention. James C. Roberts was elected to represent Buchanan County in this convention, which met at the Capitol May 15, 1875. The new constitution went into operation on January i, 1876. By this constitution the terms of the governor and nearly all of the state officers and many of the county officers were lengthened to four years. In 1876 John S. Phelps of Springfield and Henry C. Brockmeyer of St. Louis were elected governor and lieutenant-governor by 50,000 majority over G. A. Finkelnburg of St. Louis. At the same time Colonel Elijah Gates of St. Joseph was elected state treasurer. In 1880 Thomas T. Crittenden, Democrat, of Warrensburg, was elected governor, over D. P. Dyer of St. Louis, RepubHcan. Robert A. Campbell of St. Louis was elected lieutenant-governor. Under the last Cleveland administration ex-Governor Crittenden was con- sul-general at the City of Mexico. It was during his administration that the James and Younger bandits, who had made Western Mis- souri infamous for some years were broken up, Jesse James being killed in St. Joseph by Bob and Charley Ford, who were soon after- ' ward pardoned by the governor. In 1884 John S. Marmaduke of St. Louis, Democrat, was elected governor and Albert P. Morehouse of Maryville was elected lieuten- ant-governor. The Republicans nominated ex-Congressman Nich- HISTORY OF MISSOURI - 23 olas Ford, who at that time Hved in Andrew County. During Gov- ernor Marmaduke's administration St. Joseph became a city of the second class, and he appointed the first local board of police commis- sioners. Governor Marmaduke died on December 28, 1887, and Lieu- tenant-Governor Morehouse served the unexpired term. Ex-Gov- ernor Morehouse committed suicide at his home in Maryville Septem- ber 31, 1891. In 1888 David R. Francis, Democrat, of St. Louis was elected over E. E. Kimball of Nevada. Stephen Claycomb of Jasper County was elected lieutenant-governor. William J. Stone, Democrat, of Nevada, was elected governor in 1892, over Major William Warner of Kansas City, Republican. John B. O'Meara of St. Louis was elected lieutenant-governor. Lon V. Stephens of Boonville, the present governor, who had been state treasurer under Governors Francis and Stone, was elected governor in 1896, over Robert E. Lewis of Henry County. August H. Bolte of Franklin County was elected lieutenant-governor. CHAPTER VI. MISSOURI'S REPRESENTATIVES IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE FROM BENTON AND BARTON TO THE PRESENT.— FIRST MEMBERS OF THE LOWER HOUSE OF CONGRESS.— MEMBERS WHO HAVE REP- RESENTED THE DISTRICT TO WHICH BUCHANAN COUNTY WAS ATTACHED FROM HALL (1846) TO COCHRAN (1898). —STATE SENATORS FROM VARI- OUS DISTRICTS TO WHICH BUCHANAN COUNTY HAS BEEN ATTACHED SINCE 1840.— BUCHANAN COUNTY'S REPRESENTATIVES IN THE LEGISLA- TURE FROM 1840 TO THE PRESENT TIME. The first two men to represent Missouri in the United States senate were David Barton of Howard County, who served 1820-30, and Thomas H. Benton of St. Louis, who served 1820-51. They were elected by the legislature, which met in its first session at St. Louis in September of 1820, but were not permitted to take their seats until 1821, because the state was not yet formally admitted into the Union. Mr. Barton was a native of ennessee and a soldier of the war of 1812. He was quite a popular public man in the state when elected, but during- his last term lost prestige because of his preference of John Quincy Adams over General Jackson for the presidency, Gen- eral Jackson being a great favorite with the Missourians. He was stricken with insanity and died at Boonville in 1837. Senator Benton was not elected without opposition, because of a difficulty he had had with Andrew Jackson, who attempted to horse- whip Benton in the streets of Nashville, and was shot in the arm by Benton's brother. Benton afterwards killed Charles Lucas, at that time United States attorney for Missouri, in a duel, and was regarded by many as a murderer. He served thirty years,' and became unpop- ular because of his domineering disposition. He represented St. Louis one term in Congress in 1852-54, and was defeated for re- election by Luther M. Kennett, a Know-Nothing. He then made HISTORY OF MISSOURI 25 an independent effort to become governor, and was also defeated. He was a man of strong character; in fact, one of the remarkable men of the nation. Senator Barton was succeeded by Alexander Buckner of Cape Girardeau, who served 1830-33, and died of cholera. Governor Dunklin appointed Dr. Lewis F. Linn of Ste. Genevieve to the va- cancy, who served until 1843, ^nd died in office. Dr. Linn was a most useful man to Missouri, and it was largely through his efforts that the Platte purchase was made. Upon his death Governor Rey- nolds appointed Judge David R. Atchison of Platte County, who was at that time judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit and who held court regularly in Robidoux's store and at the house of Richard Hill, in Buchanan County. Senator Benton was succeeded in 1851 by Henry S. Geyer of St. Louis. Senator Geyer was a Marylander, who came to Missouri in 1815, and who was speaker of the House for the first five years after the admission of Missouri into the Union. He was a famous lawyer and did much to systematize the Missouri code. He was the only avowed Whig ever elected to the United States senate from Missouri. He died in 1859. In 1855 the legislature balloted in vain for a successor to Senator Atchison and the election went over to the next session. In 1857 there were successors to both Senators Atchison and Geyer to choose. Governor Trusten Polk and James S. Green of Lewis County were elected. Governor Polk was a native of Delaware and a graduate of Yale College. In 1862 he was expelled for disloyalty, and died in St. Louis in 1876. James S. Green was a Virginian, and a strong state's rights man. He was a powerful debater and had few peers. He, like Polk, was expelled in 1861 for secession utterances. Waldo P. Johnson of Osceola, St. Clair County, was elected to succeed Senator Green. He cast his lot with the South and resigned his seat soon after taking it. Lieutenant-Governor Hall of St. Joseph, who was acting for Governor Gamble, appointed John B. Henderson of Pike County and Robert Wilson of Andrew to fill the vacancies. In November of 1863 the legislature elected Mr. Henderson to serve until March 4, 1869, ^nd elected B. Gratz Brown for a term expiring March 4, 1867. Senator Brown was elected governor in 1870 and served two years. In 1872 he was a candidate for Vice-President with Horace Greeley. 26 HISTORY OF MISSOURI Charles D. Drake, the author of the Drake constitution, was elected to succeed Senator Brown. He served until 1871, when he resigned to become judge of the court of claims at Washmgton, and was succeeded bv Daniel F. Jewett of St. Louis, who served one year and who was in turn succeeded by General Frank P Blair, who served out the remainder of the term, until 1873. Carl Schurz was elected to succeed Senator Henderson for a term of six years, 1869-75. He was succeeded by Francis M. Cockrell of Johnson County, who has succeeded himself continuously until the present. Lewis V. Bogy of St. Louis was elected to succeed Senator Blair and served 1873-77, dying in office. Governor Phelps appointed David H. Armstrong of St. Louis to serve until the legislature met. The legislature elected General James Shields of Carroll County for the unexpired term, and George Graham Vest of Warrensburg, the present incumbent, for the full term. Up to 1845 the congressmen from Missouri were elected at large. The last member from this section under the old system was James M. Hughes of Clay County, a nephew of General Andrew S. Hughes and the father of Mrs. Calvin F. Burnes of St. Joseph. The first man to be elected when the state was divided into dis- tricts was Willard P. Hall. This was then, as now, the Fourth Con- gressional district, though it has undergone several transformations since the first organization. General Hall was the regular Democratic nominee in 1846, and against him was pitted James H. Birch of Clinton County, a brilliant man, but one who vacillated politically. Jwdge Birch was the inde- pendent candidate. General Hall, who was plain Willard in those days, left the campaign to take care of itself and went with General Doniphan's expedition to Mexico. The people Hked his spirit and patriotism, and elected him in his absence. After serving two terms General Hall was succeeded by Mor- decai Oliver, a Whig, who was then living at Richmond. Judge Oliver was afterward secretary of state, and in 1884-6 served as police judge in St. Joseph. In the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses (1857-61) the Fourth District was represented by General James Craig, Democrat, of St. Joseph. Judge Elijah H. Norton of Platte Count v. Democrat, succeeded General Craig and served one term. HISTORY OF MISSOURI 27 The state had meanwhile been redistricted and St. Joseph was in the Seventh Congressional District. General Ben F. Loan of St. Joseph, Republican, represented the district in the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses (1863-69). In the Forty-first Congress (1869-71) the district was represented by Hon. Joel F. Asper, Republican, of Livingston County. Judge Isaac C. Parker, Republican, of St. Joseph represented the district in the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses (1871-75). During the last term of Congressman Parker the state was again redistricted and Buchanan County fell into the Ninth Congressional District. Judge Parker was succeeded by Judge David Rea, Democrat, of Andrew County, who served two terms (1875-79). Hon. Nicholas Ford, Greenback, of Andrew County, succeeded Judge Rea, defeat- ing General Craig, and served two terms (1879-83). In 1881 the state was again redistricted and the entire Platte Purchase — Platte, Buchanan, Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchi- son Counties — formed into the Fourth Congressional District.. The first man to represent the new district was the late James N. Burnes, Democrat, who defeated Morris A. Reed of St. Joseph, Republican, and Nathaniel Sisson of Maryville, Greenback-Labor, in November of 1882 by a majority of 569. In 1884 Colonel Burnes defeated Judge Henry S. Kelly, Republican, then of Andrew County, by 2,176 votes. In 1886 Colonel Burnes defeated Byron A. Dunn of Maryville, Republican, by 3,087 votes. In 1888 Colonel Burnes defeated H. R. W. Hartwig of St. Joseph, Republican, by 3,177 votes. Colonel Burnes died January 24, 1889, at Washington. He had yet to serve his unexpired term in the Fiftieth Congress. Gov- ernor Francis ordered a special election to be held February 21, 1889, to fill the vacancy in the Fiftieth Congress and also for the election of a successor to Colonel Burnes in the Fifty-first Congress. The Republicans nominated Francis M. Posegate of St. Joseph for both places. The Democrats nominated Charles F. Booher of Savannah for the short term and Robert P. C. Wilson of Platte County for the long term. Captain Posegate was defeated by 618 votes. Mr. Booher served only about two weeks. In 1890 Mr. Wilson defeated Nicholas Ford, Republican, of Andrew County, and W. H. Whipple, Populist, of Buchanan County, receiving a majority of 1,118. In 1892 Daniel D. Burnes, Democrat, defeated George C. Crowther, Republican, of St. Joseph, and J. B. 28 HISTORY OF MISSOURI Wilcox, Populist, of Andrew County, receiving a majority of 1,259. In T894 Mr. Crowther defeated William C. Ellison of Maryvilk, Democrat, and William S. Missemer of St. Joseph, Populist, his mBJority being 1,661. In 1896 Charles F. Cochran of St. Joseph, Democrat, defeated Mr. Crowther, his plurality being 3,829. The act authorizing the erection of Buchanan County attached it to the Twelfth State Senatorial District, which was represented at that time by CorneHus Gillam and James T. V. Thompson. Subse- quently Buchanan County was a part of the Tenth District, which, in 1842, was represented by Cornelius Gillam, and in 1844 by Jesse B. Thompson. In 1846 it was part of the Seventh District and was represented by Robert M. Stewart, who served until 1858 and was succeeded by John Scott. Buchanan County was then in the Twelfth District. Senator Scott was succeeded in 1862 by Colonel John Severance, who in 1864 was succeeded by J. N. Young. Colonel Thomas Harbine succeeded Senator Young, the county having meanwhile become part of the Second District. Senator Harbine served until 1871, and was succeeded by Daniel Ransom, who served one term, and was succeeded in 1875 by Waller Young, who also served one term. Ahira Manring of DeKalb County succeeded Senator Young and served two terms. In 1882 Randolph T. Davis was elected and resigned, his unexpired term being filled by Waller Young, who was succeeded in 1886 by Michael G. Moran, Senator Moran was succeeded in 1890 by Charles F. Cochran, the present member of Congress, who served four years and was suc- ceeded by Arthur W. Brewster. During Senator Cochran's term the state was redistricted and Buchanan County now constitutes the Twelfth District alone. The senatorial term is four vears. The first man to represent Buchanan County in the house was Jesse B. Thompson, who served 1840-44 The second was Richard Roberts, who served 1844-46. Then came James B. Gar- denhire, who served two years, and was followed by John Bretz, who served uTitil 1850. Buchanan County was now entitled to two representatives, and Henry S. Tutt and Sinclair K. Miller were elected. In 1852 A. J. Vaughan and E. F. Dixon were the representatives, each serving one term. Then came Wellington A. Cunningham and W. J. HISTORY OF MISSOURI 29 Everett, who served in the session of 1854. In the session of 1856 Buchanan County was represented by John Bretz and Alexander Davis, and in the session of 1858 and the special session of 1859 by Cornelius Day and Alexander Davis. In the session of i860 J. C. Roberts and j. H. Ashbaugh were the representatives, and in 1862 J. L. Bittinger and Robert Brierly. In 1864 Buchanan County was represented by Robert Brierly and Joseph Thompson. Three years elapsed between the Twenty-third and Twenty- fourth general assemblies, and when the latter met in 1867 Buchanan County was represented by Charles B. Wilkinson and Washington Bennett, who were succeeded in the session of 1867 by Samuel Hays and Oscar Kirkham. In the session of 1871 our representa- tives were J. L. Bittinger and William Randall, and in the following two sessions, in 1873 and 1875, they were J. L. Bittinger and W. S. Wells of Rushville. For the Twenty-ninth general assembly, which met in 1877, Buchanan County elected three representatives — W. S. Wells, George W. Sutherland and Dr. E. A. Donelan. In the session of 1879 our representatives were Thomas Crowther, John T. Riley and John Saunders. The session of 1881 found Dr. Donelan, John T. Riley and Benjamin J. Woodson representing Buchanan County, and the following session, 1883, Alex. D. Vories, Michael G. Moran and A. A. Whittington. In the session of 1885 our representatives were William H. Haynes, Dr. Donelan and William S. Wells ; in the session of 1887, William H. Haynes, Dr. Donelan and G. W. Johnson; in 1889, Waller Young, Abraham Davis and B. F. Stuart; in 1891, Abraham Davis, Dr. E. A. Donelan and B. F. Stuart; in 1893, Abraham Davis, Granville G. Adkins and B. F. Stuart; in 1895, John L. Bittinger, James Moran and Oliver P. Smith ; in 1897, John L. Bittinger, Joseph A. Finer and James Shewmaker. CHAPTER VII. THE STATE CAPITAL.— SOME FIRST THINGS IN MIS- SOURI. — LEWIS Al^D CLARK. — NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKE.— DANIEL BOONE.— CHOLERA.— IM- PRISONMENT FOR DEBT.— GASCONADE BRIDGE DISASTER.— RAILROAD BONDS AND STATE AID.— IOWA BOUNDARY LINE.— "IMPERIAL MISSOURI." The first seat of government of the State of Missouri was at St. Louis. In 1821 the capital was changed to St. Charles, but this was not satisfactory, for immigration was pushing to the broad prairies of the west. By a revision of the constitution it was pro- vided that the capital be located on the Missouri River, within forty miles of the mouth of the Osage. A commission was appointed, and after examining many localities, they decided upon the spot where Jefferson City now stands. The town was named after Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. The capitol was located upon four sections of land donated by the United States government. It was large enough to meet the needs of the state at the time, and stood until 1837, when it was destroyed by fire. The legislature met in the new state building in 1826. The oldest portion of the present capitol was erected after the destruction of the original building. The following are some of the first things that occurred in Mis- souri : The first marriage took place April 20, 1766, at St. Louis. The first baptism was performed in May, 1776, at St. Louis. The first house of worship (Catholic) was erected in 1775- at St. Louis. The first ferry was established in 1805 on the Mississippi River at St. Louis. The first newspaper was established in 1808. This was the Missouri Gazette, and the St. Louis Republic represents the perpetuation of this pioneer in journalism. The first postoffice was established at St. Louis in 1804, with Rufus Easton as postmaster. The first Protestant church (Baptist) was erected at Ste. Genevieve in 1806. The first bank was established at St. Louis in 1814. It HISTORY OF MISSOURI 31 was called the Bank of St. Louis. The first college was built at St. Louis in 1814. The first market house was opened at St. Louis in 181 1. The first steamboat on the Upper Mississippi River was the General Pike, which landed at St. Louis in 1817. The first steam- boat that came up the Missouri River was the Independence, which touched at Franklin in 1819. The first court house was erected at St. Louis in 1823. The first line of telegraph reached St. Louis December 20, 1847. Lewis and Clark, the explorers, began their ascent of the Mis- souri River in May of 1804. Captain Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were accompanied by forty-three men and a servant. The party stopped off frequently and explored the surrounding country, collected information concerning the Indians, the soil, the tributaries to the rivers, etc. The earthquake that destroyed New Madrid occurred after mid- night of December 16, 181 1. By this terrific convulsion vast tracts of land were plunged into the Mississippi River, large lakes were made in an instant, trees split in the middle, great fissures were formed where the earth had burst, and hundreds of them remained for years afterward. After the earthquake the country about New Madrid exhibited a melancholy aspect. Congress enacted laws per- mitting the earthquake sufferers to locate the same amount of lands in other parts of the territory, but owing to their ignorance of the ways of the world many of them were cheated out of their claims by unscrupulous speculators. Daniel Boone, the famous pioneer, came to Missouri in 1794 and settled forty-five miles north of St. Louis in what is now Warren County.. He spent most of his latter days with his son, Major Na- than Boone, in St. Charles County. He died September 26, 1820, aged eighty-eight years. In 1845 both his body and that of his wife were disinterred and taken to Frankfort, Ky. Boone had two sons, Nathan and Daniel M., who, like their father, were noted for their courage and enterprise. They were among the first to manufacture salt, building furnaces at what was afterwards called Boone's Lick, in what is now Howard County. Wonderful salt springs existed there, and the Boones brought kettles in which the water was evap- 32 HISTORY OF MISSOURI orated and the salt retained. The country about Boone's Lick was settled rapidly when the fame of the salt springs and the beauty of the locality became known. ^ * 51= Asiatic cholera appeared at St. Louis in 1832, and for a time the death rate averaged thirty-two per day. When it finally disappeared a reckoning showed that one out of every twelve of the population had fallen a victim. In the spring of 1849 it appeared again, and between April and August 4,060 persons died. In 1850 and 1851, and again in 1867, there was cholera at various points along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. St. Joseph had but little of it, while Weston and other points farther down, suffered more severely. Those who were crossing the plains and Indians along the trails fell victims in large numbers. * * * Imprisonment for debt was permissible under the statutes of Missouri until 1843. The enforcement of this worked great hard- ships and created much dissatisfaction. There were but few things that the sheriff could not sell for debt, and if there was not enough to satisfy the avaricious creditor, he could have the unfortunate debtor cast into prison. The act abolishing the law was written by Governor Reynolds. It contained but six words : "Imprison- ment for debt is hereby abolished." Yet those few words brought great joy to all but the avaricious. On November i, 1855, there occurred the first railroad wreck in the history of Missouri. The completion of the Missouri Pacific railroad from St. Louis to Jefferson City was being celebrated and an excursion train of nine cars crowded with notables, was speeding to the capital. The bridge spanning the Gasconade River was not completed and a temporary scaffolding had been erected. A furious storm was raging while the train was crossing this bridge, and, amid the fiercest Hghtning and thunder, the timbers of the temporary structure parted and several cars went down. Forty-three lives were lost and many persons were injured. The Drake constitution permitted counties to subscribe any sum of money to aid in building railroads, and county courts were author- ized to issue bonds binding the county for the payment of these HISTORY OF MISSOURI 33 subscriptions wherever two-thirds of the qualified voters should assent thereto. These courts, in some cases, were characterless or ignorant men and the "qualified" voters were not the people who owned property and who had to shoulder the burden. Bonds to the amount of over $15,000,000 were issued by various counties. In some instances the roads were not built, only a few miles being graded. But the bonds were marketed in New York and passed into the hands of the "innocent purchaser" as soon as possible. The county courts of Lafayette, Cass, Knox and St. Clair Counties re- fused to pay kuch bonds at maturity, but the United States court held that they were legally issued and must be paid. The people of Cass and St. Clair Counties were particularly stubborn in their opposition, and are to this day. County judges are firm upon this issue and cheerfully go to jail rather than levy taxes for the payment of these bonds. At different times prior to the war the state had granted aid to various railroad companies by issuing bonds to the amount of $23,701,000. For this aid the companies agreed to pay interest. During and soon after the war the Missouri Pacific, the Iron Moun- tain, the North Missouri and what is now the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs road, from St. Joseph to Weston, were sold for non-payment of interest on these bonds. The entire debt at the time of the sale was over $31,000,000, and the state realized from the various sales only about $8,000,000, thus leaving a deficit of $23,000,- 000, which the state has since had to pay, besides several millions in interest. ^ ^ ^ The contest over the boundary line between Iowa and Missouri, which was settled by the supreme court of the United States in 1845, was due to a mistake on the part of John Sullivan, the United States surveyor, who ran the lines. Missouri claimed that the northern border should be a parallel of the latitude which passed through the rapids of the Des Moines River, and Iowa claimed it should be a line which passed through the rapids of the Mississippi River, some twenty miles south. Unfriendly and revengeful feelings grew out of the dispute between the people who resided on the borders. Sullivan, the surveyor, began on a meridian one hundred miles north of Kansas City, and, instead of running due east, varied to the north, having varied four miles when he reached the Des Moines River. The United States had recognized Sullivan's survey 34 HISTORY OF MISSOURI in a number of Indian treaties, and now held that it should be forever the dividing line, and Missouri lost a strip of territory ten miles wide from the northern line. Having briefly sketched the history of Missouri from its begin- ning, it will be appropriate to quote from the 1898 Manual of Secre- tary of State Lesueur as to the present condition of the state : "Missouri is the fifth state out of forty-five in the American Union in population, which, according to the last census, was 2,676,- 184. The population is now estimated to he 3,250,000. Missouri is the eighth state in assessed valuation, only the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio, California, Michigan and In- diana being greater. It is doubtful whether the real value of prop- erty in Michigan or Indiana surpasses the real value of property in Missouri, and it will be noticed that the assessed valuation of the great state of Illinois is less than that of Missouri. "Missouri in area has 69,415 square miles, or over 44,000,000 acres. It is larger than any state east of or bordering upon the Miss- issippi, except the state of Minnesota. The length of the state north and south is 282 miles ; its extreme width east and west is 348 miles, and its average width 335 miles. Some idea of the immensity of this magnificent domain may be gained from the fact that the entire states of Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Ver- mont, Rhode Island and Delaware could be put down side by side within its limits, and still leave a margin of goo square miles. "Missouri is the third -state in the Union in the number of its farms and the third state in the number of acres of improved land, having over 17,000,000 acres under cultivation, or a larger acreage for the harvests than is possessed by the states of Michigan and Min- nesota combined, or the states of Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, Minnesota and Rhode Island. Missouri raises more corn than Indiana and Maryland. "It produces as much wheat as the states of New York, Ken- tucky and Texas combined. Missouri ships nearly 50,000,000 pounds of poultry every year, not being equaled by any state in the Union. It is the fourth state in the number of horses, and leads every state in the Union in the number of mules, producing last year 936,808 horses and 351,599 mules. "It produces annually 4,040,084 pounds of wool. Its yield of hay surpasses that of Kentucky, Tennessee and New Jersey, and its HISTORY OF MISSOURI 35 tobacco crop is in the neighborhood of 10,000,000 pounds. Its southern counties raise an excellent quality of cotton. All the cereals, all the grasses, all the fruits and timbers of the latitude flour- ish in abundance and grow to maximum dimensions. "It is capable of sustaining in comfort ten times as many people as are now within its borders. From its cotton fields in the south, its corn fields in the north, its splendid cereals and grasses, its endless variety of fruits and woods, its limitless deposits of coal, iron, lead, zinc and' other minerals, it comes as near being self-sustaining and independent of other communities as it is possible for any state to be. Missouri has over 14,000 business manufactures, with a paid-up capital of $189,558,546, with 143,139 employes, making finished goods of all kinds amounting to $324,561,933 annually. "Missouri has 6,599 miles of railroad and several navigable rivers. Its railroads have the highest order of equipment, and pas- senger and freight service unsurpassed anywhere in the world, the frequency, the speed, the elegance and perfection of its trains being the admiration of the traveling public. Upon its rivers are to be found steamboat and barge lines capable of doing at low cost an immense freight business. "Missouri enjoys the proud distinction of having the largest available public school fund of any state in the American Union. This fund is divided as follows : Common school fund, $3,141,538.77; State seminary fund, $1,229,260.03; permanent county, township and district school fund, $7,912,692.39; total permanent school fund, $12,283,491.19. "It is a land of schools and churches, of education, refinement and culture, a land flowing with milk and honey, where the lack of bread is something unknown, where hospitality, kindness and fra- ternity prevail, where the laws are strictly and impartially enforced by a pure and fearless judiciary, and where happiness and content- ment prevail as nearly as they do in any country upon the earth." THE PLATTE PURCHASE. ORIGINAL WESTERN BOUNDARY.— PLATTE COUNTRY OCCUPIED BY INDIANS.— THE WHITE MAN NEED- ED IT.— MUSTER DAY AT DALE'S FARM.— GENERAL HUGHES' SPEECH AND ITS EFFECT. — THE PUR- CHASE MADE.— CONSIDERATIONS AND STIPULA- TIONS OF THE TREATY.— EXIT THE INDIAN, ENTER THE WHITE MAN. When Missouri was admitted to the Union the western Hne of the state passed from the corner of Arkansas directly north through the mouth of the Kansas River to the Iowa Hne. This left a section embracing what are now Platte, Buchanan, Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchison Counties in the Indian territory, of which both Kansas and Nebraska formed a part. This section of the territory, between the Missouri River and the west line of Missouri, was ceded to the Sac-and-Fox and loway Indians, in the treaty of Prairie du Chien, ratified in 1830, in ex- change for certain lands in Wisconsin. These two tribes, and also a band of Omahaws and a few Sioux, located along the banks of the larger streams in the upper part of the strip, while the lower portion was occupied by the Pottawatomies, who were removed from Indiana in 1833, after the Black Hawk war. The government had places of supply at Rock-house, near what is now the town of Agency, in Buchanan County, and at Beverly, in Platte, and General Andrew S. Hughes was the government agent. General Hughes made his headquarters with Joseph Robidoux in the Blacksnake hills, going among the Indians only on issue days. He had warehouses near the Ford and at Beverly, but these were in charge of guards. The Indians were particularly undesirable neighbors to the people of the old Missouri border. They were drunken, lazy, quar- relsome, and altogether unworthy to occupy so valuable and so beautiful a territory. So argued the white man, who believed the heritage to be his, and who went systematically to work to secure it. THE PLATTE PURCHASE 37 It was customary in those times to have militia muster on certain days, and so it came to pass that a muster was held at the farm of Weakly Dale, near Liberty, in Clay County, in April of 1835. At these musters there were speeches, and measures for the general welfare were publicly debated. The Indian neighbor was the theme of a speech by General Hughes on this particular occasion, and the effect of his oration was immediate. Recent correspondence between Major John Dougherty of Clay County, then an Indian agent, and Senator Linn, in reference to coveted territory, was also read. Major Dougherty had shown how the formation of the boundary had inconvenienced persons settling along the border, in what are now DeKalb, Gentry or Worth Coun- ties, from reaching the river (then the only mode of transportation) w^ithout traveling over a hundred miles to get below the mouth of the Kansas River, when the Missouri could be reached at twenty, thirty or fifty miles at Robidoux's or Weston, which were the most important river points in the Platte country. The many streams capable of furnishing water and power, the rich soil, valuable forests, luxuriant grasses, wild fruits, thousands of wild flowers, well-filled bee trees, flocks of wild deer and turkey, all had been voiced aloud until the old Kentuckians, Tennesseeans and North Carolinians forming that military array, resolved that they must have the strip without delay. In fact, they started to obtain it in Western style, resolving that they ought and would have it, and E. M. Samuel, David R. Atchison, Alexander W. Doniphan, W. T. Wood and Peter H. Burnett were appointed a committee to obtain it. But some of those same muster-men, being doubtful about the efficacy of negotiation and red-tape, moved into the new country that fall. The government had them removed by soldiers, but they went back again, and like the Sooners of the present day, kept them- selves in evidence so as to hasten the inevitable. The result was that on September 17, 1836, William Clark of the famous expedition of Lewis and Clark, of 1804, then agent for all of the Indians west of the Mississippi River, held a council with the Sacs-and- Foxes and loways at Fort Leavenworth, and made a treaty whereby the Platte country passed into the hands of the white man. The Indians received $7,500 in cash and four hundred sections of land in what are now Doniphan and Brown Counties, Kansas. The government agreed to erect five comfortable houses for the loways and three for the Sacs-and- Foxes ; to provide for each tribe an interpreter, a farmer, a blacksmith, and a schoolmaster ; to break up 38 THE PLATTE PURCHASE two hundred acres of ground for each tribe and to furnish each with a ferryboat; also to provide rations for one year and agricultural implements for five years. The treaty was signed by William Clark, superintendent of Indian affairs, for the United States. For the loway Indians it was feigned by the following 'chiefs and braves : Mo-hos-ca (or White Cloud), Nau-che-ning (or No Heart), Wa-che-mo-ne (or the Orator), Ne-o-mo-ne (or Raining Cloud), Ne-wan-thaw-chu (Hair Shedder), Alan-haw-ka (Bunch of Arrows), Cha-tau-the-ne (Big Bull), Man-o- mo-ne (Pumpkin), -Con-gu (Plumb), Wau-thaw-ca-be-chu (One that Eats Rats), Cha-tea-thau (Buffalo Bull), Cha-ta-ha-ra-wa-re (For- eign Buffalo). The following signed for the Sacs-and-Foxes : Ca-ha-qua (Red Fox), Pe-shaw-ca (Bear), Pe-cau-ma (Deer), Ne-bosh-ca-na (Wolf), Ke-squi-in-a (Deer), Ne-saw-au-qua (Bear), Qua-co-ousi-si (Wolf), Suquil-la (Deerl, As-ke-pa-ke-ka-as-a (Green Lake), Wa-pa-se (Svar), Yo-cha-tau-wa-ta-sa (Star), Can-ca-car-mack (Rock Bass), Sea-sa-ho (Sturgeon), Pe-a-chim-a-car-mack (Bald-Headed Eagle), Pe-a-chim-a-car-mack, Jr., (Bald-Headed Eagle). The following citizens of Missouri signed as witnesses : S. W. Kearney, John Dougherty, A. S. Hughes, George R. H. Clark, Will- iam Duncan, Joseph V. Hamilton, Joseph RobidoMx, Jr., William Bowman, Jeffry Dorion, Peter Constine, Jacques Mette, Louis M. Davidson. Thus was the Platte Purchase made. The red man was told to move on, and resumed his pilgrimage toward the setting sun, and the white man promptly built his cabin where the Indian's tepee erst had stood. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST.JOSEPH. CHAPTER I. FIRST SETTLERS.— LOCATION AND NATURAL ADVAN- TAGES.— RIVERS, CREEKS AND. LAKES.— PIONEER LIFE. — FIRST DWELLINGS. — PRIMITIVE FURNI- TURE AND FRUGAL HABITS.— ONE-LEGGED BED- STEAD.— WILD MEAT AND WILD HONEY. — RYE COFFEE, THE HORSE-POWER MILL, THE HOMINY BLOCK AND THE GRITTER. — LABORIOUS AND OTHER AMUSEMENTS. When in the summer of 1826 Joseph Robidoux pushed the nose of his keel boat into the mouth of the creek now called Roy's Branch, he began the history of Buchanan County, so far as concerns the white man, at least. The red man had made history, too, in his own way, among the Blacksnake hills and valleys, but he took it with him when he crossed the river, and it is buried with him forever, as are his weapons and his wampum. Robidoux remained undisturbed while the soldiers from Fort Leavenworth were raiding this section for squatters, prior to the purchase. As soon as the treaty was made, and even before the Indians had taken up their march to other hunting grounds, the tide of immigration to Buchanan County set in. History mentions only a few settlers who escaped the vigilance of the soldiers. Robidoux and his men were here by permission of the government. One of the trespassers was John Elliott, who came from Kentucky in 1833 and located this side of the former state line, in what is now Platte Township. When driven off he moved over the line, but continued to cultivate the land on this side. An- other was Hiram Roberts, who located in the vicinity of what is now DeKalb, in 1836, and who was overlooked by the soldiers. He remained in undisturbed possession until the annexation and resided 40 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH in the neighborhood until his death, in 1881. Absaloni Enyard of Clay County located in what is now the center of Platte Township in 1836 and built a small cabin, but was soon ejected. He had been visited by Judge Weston J. Everett of Clay County, who was seeking a location, and who was so favorably impressed that when the Platte purchase was completed he bought Enyar4's cabm, and, m the February of 1837, took possession under the homestead law. Judge Everett was followed in a few weeks by Absalom Hunkers. From 1837 to 1840 there was a steady influx of settlers and the development of the country progressed rapidly. Immigrants came from the neighboring counties and from Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia. Because of their early environments, most of these took natur- ally to the timbered districts that skirt the streams. This was prac- tical, too, for the early settler required wood for his houses, his fences and his fuel. Transportation was an item of great moment, for there were no railroads and few steamboats in those days. Among the most abundant trees of all originally found was the black walnut. However, the later demand for this wood in the manufacture of furniture was so great that the forests fell before the axe, and now there is but little of it left. A line of timber still follows the course of all streams, and detached groves, natural and artificial, are found throughout the country. Buchanan is situated in latitude 39 degrees 47 minutes north, and longitude 94 degrees 55 minutes west. Its altitude is about 1,000 feet above sea level, and it is about 400 feet above Chicago and 600 feet above St. Louis. The highest point in the county is the hill upon which are located the reservoirs of the St. Joseph Water Com- pany. It is 320 feet above low water mark in the Missouri River and is situated two and one-half miles north of St. Joseph. The surface away from the streams is gently undulating prairie, and there is a wonderful diversity of country for so small an area. Few, if any, counties in the state possess better natural drainage, and there is consequently but little waste land. Nor could any improve- ment be made over nature in the distribution of the water courses. Platte River is a fine stream, as is also the One-Hundred-and-Two River. The name of this stream is somewhat of a puzzle. One authority asserts that it is 102 miles in length. Another authority claims that it was so named because when the river was first seen by the surveyors who were locating a military road, the distance from Fort Leavenworth was 102 miles, and they named it so, as is BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 41 the custom — the name of Ten-mile Creek, Forty-mile Creek, etc., being similar instances. Bee Creek, Castile, Maiden, Sugar and Con- trary Creeks and their various forks and feeders are all valuable and never-failing streams. Besides these, there are numerous lakes, bordering the Missouri River. Contrary, the most extensive and beautiful of these, is located about three miles southwest of St. Joseph. It receives its name from Contrary Creek, which empties into it, Contrary Creek being so called because it flows north, contrary to the course of the Missouri River. Sugar Lake, in Rush Township, is partly in Buchanan and partly in Platte County. It is a picturesque sheet of water. Then there are Singleton, Horseshoe, Muskrat and Mud Lakes. Contrary and Sugar Lakes are fruitful ice fields, the meat-packing concerns of Kansas City and St. Joseph drawing their supplies largely from them. That the climate is healthful is best known to those who dwell here. In fact, almost the whole of the Platte Purchase is singularly free from consumption, asthma, bronchitis and the diseases most dreaded in the Eastern states. The air is dry and pure and the malarial fevers so common to Western and Southern states are confined to the river bottoms and are comparatively mild. The early settlers found, besides timber and water, an easy and productive soil. To these advantages the sturdy pioneer had but to apply his energies, and the reward was certain. Hence the wealthy farmers of today, whose broad acres and ample houses, whose grand orchards and blooded livestock are but the primitive establishments of the early settler amplified and developed, step by step, from gen- eration to generation, by industry and thrift, aided by natural condi- tions and a constant benediction in the climate. It can be truthfully said that there has never been a total failure of crops in Platte Pur- chase. Pioneer life in Buchanan County was no different from pioneer life elsewhere in the West. The first settlers wei-e plain, hospitable, brave, generous people. They were good neighbors, bound together with a strong bond of sympathy, which made one man's interest every other man's interest also, and every man's protection lay in the good will and friendship of those about him. The first dwellings of the white man in this country were a cross between Indian bark huts and 'hoop cabins," for it took a number of men to build a log house. The settlers generally located in bunches, for mutual protection, and when three or four families had formed a community, they began the building of log houses, each 42 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH as^sisting the other. The logs were round, notched together at the corners. The cabins were ribbed with poles and covered with split boards. A puncheon floor was then laid, a hole cut in the end and a •'himney made of sticks and mud. The door was of clapboard, and a window was provided by cutting out a log in the side and inserting glass or covering it with greased paper. The house was then chinked and daubed ^viih mud, and was ready for the occupant. The furniinre consisted generally of the one-legged bedstead, a rude table, a few plain chairs and an assortment of pots and pans for cooking the food at the fire-place, there being no stoves. The one- legged bedstead was made by cutting a stick the proper length and boring holes in the edge to correspond with holes in a log of the cabin. Roiujds of wood were inserted into the corresponding holes, and what resembled a ladder in a horizontal position was supported on one corner by a leg, the other end and one side being fastened to the walls. Bark was woven into the rounds, and upon this primitive structure the bed was laid. The manner of living was extremely simple. For some years the only mills were propelled by horse power, each customer furnish- ing his own power. There were no roads and the grain was carried in sacks, horseback. In the first years very little wheat was grown, corn being the only grain. The hominy block, an improvised mortar, made by cutting a hole into the stump of a large tree, and using a heavy timber as a pestle, was one way of producing meal for bread. Another instrument was the "gritter," made by punching holes into a piece -of tin, which was then nailed to a board, rough side out, and upon which green or previously softened corn was rubbed into a pulp and then baked into bread or ash cakes. Rye and cornmeal parched were often a substitute for coffee, and sassafras root produced a palatable substitute for "store tea." Game was plenty, especially deer, elk, wild turkeys, prairie chickens, and even bear, so there was no scarcity of meat until the hog could be turned into pork. The clothing was homespun, made by the women of the house- hold— "jeans" for the men and "linsey-woolsey" for the maids and matrons. Hunting shirts and pantaloons of dressed buckskin were also worn by men. The linsey and jeans for every day use were col- lored with hickory or walnut bark, and those for Sunday wear were dyed in indigo. A fell suit of blue jeans was considered a fine dress. It required great industry and rigid economy to make a plain living in those times. Iron and salt, two very necessary articles, were BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 43 high and difficult to obtain. The pioneers had no money, as a rule, and for the first few years had nothing to sell except skins,, wild honey and beeswax. Along the streams there were many hollow trees in which wild bees had deposited their honey, and these were eagerly sought. There were amusements, too. Log-rolHng was a laborious sport. Rail-splitting was another. The women had quilting parties while the men enjoyed themselves with the logs and the rails, and in evening there was generally a dance, if a fiddler could be had, or games of various kinds, as in all primitive communities. In fact, the history of the early settlers of Kentucky, Tennessee and Indiana was repeated in Missouri. In a few )'^ears the settlers of Buchanan County had made great progress, and in five years after the country was opened for settle- ment there were several saw and flouring mills, roads and other improvements. CHAPTER II. BUCHANAN COUNTY FORMED AND NAMED.— FIRST COUNTY COURT, SHERIFF AND SURVEYOR.— FORMATION OF TOWNSHIPS.— FIRST ELECTION.— FIRST COUNTY SEAT AND COURT HOUSE.— RE- MOVAL OF COUNTY SEAT FROM SPARTA TO ST. JOSEPH. In December, 1838, the General Assembly of Missouri passed an act providing for the organization of Platte and Buchanan Counties. James Buchanan, afterwards President, at that time represented the United States at the court of St. Petersburg. He was a popular idol at home, and this county was named in his honor. The creative act authorized the governor to appoint three judges of the county court and a sheriff, to serve until the general election in 1840; also a surveyor. The act provided for a commission to locate a permanent seat of government, naming Peter B. Fulkerson and Armstrong McClintock of Clinton and Leonard Brassfield of Clay County as commissioners. It provided also that until this com- mission had acted the seat of government should be at the house of Richard Hill. The regular terms of the county court were fixed for the first Mondays in February, May, August and November, but the court was permitted to hold special sessions. Buchanan County was made part of the Twelfth senatorial dis- trict, part of the First judicial district and part of the Twelfth judicial circuit, and the regular terms of the circuit court were fixed for the ' second Mondays of April, August and December. County and dis- trict courts were authorized to appoint clerks. Governor Lilburn W. Boggs appomted Samuel Johnson, Wil- liam Harrington and William Curi as the first judges of the Buchanan County court and Samuel Gilmore as the first sheriff. This court met at the house of Richard Hill, near the site of old Sparta, on the first Monday in April, 1839, and organized by electing Mr. Johnson as presiding judge and appointing William Fowler clerk. The first business of the court was the subdivision of the county into municipal townships. This was no small task and underwent remodelmg several times before it was found satisfactory. Platte. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 45 Tremont, Marion, Lewis, Noble, Jefferson, Nodaway, Atchison, Bloomington, Washington, Crawford, Wayne and Center are men- tioned in the early records. However, the court, at its first session, ordered an election of two justices of the peace and one constable for each township, and specifically mentions the following : Platte, Tre- mont, Marion, Bloomington, Crawford, Noble, Lewis, Nodaway and Jefferson. In 1842 we find ten townships : Bloomington, Crawford, Platte, Tremont, Marion, Jackson, Washington, Rush, Wayne and Center. As the population increased it became necessary from time to time to change the boundaries, until the present subdivision into twelve townships was reached. We have now Washington, Marion, Lake, Wayne, Center, Agency, Tremont, Rush, Bloomington, Craw- ford, Jackson and Platte. The county court met alternately at Mr, Hill's house and at the house of Joseph Robidoux. Matthew M. Hvtghes, who had been appointed by Governor Boggs to survey Buchanan County, made his report to the county court on January 8, 1840. "I commenced on the northwest corner of Platte County," he says, "in the center of the main channel of the Missouri River, and ran up the same, with its various meanders, forty-two miles and fifty-two chains, which constitutes the western boundary of your county; thence I ran a due east course, marking each fore and aft tree with a blaze and two chops, and trees on each side in the way pointing to the line, of fourteen miles and twenty-seven chains to a stake in the old state line, or the line of Clinton County, which constitutes your northern boundary ; then south twenty miles and fifty-two chains along said line to the northeast corner of Platte County, which constitutes your eastern boundary ; thence west along the line of Platte County twenty-seven miles and forty-seven chains, which constitutes your southern boundary, containing four hundred square miles." For all of this work the court paid Mr. Hughes ninety-four dollars. The commissioners appointed by Governor Boggs to select a seat of justice did not act until May 26, 1840. On that day they met the county court at Mr. Hill's house, and, after going carefully over the ground, selected for the seat of justice the southeast quarter of section 21, township 56, range 35. This land is now owned and cul- tivated by Wm. McCauley. Anticipating the decision of the commissioners, a small settle- ment had been made. The commissioners named the new county seat Benton, in honor of Senator Thomas H. Benton, but this did not meet with popular approval, and at the August term the county court changed the name to Sparta. 46 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Having a seat of justice, Buchanan County must, of course, have a court house. A log structure was erected, which is mentioned more extensively in another chapter. In 1842 $6,000 was appro- priated for a substantial court house, but this was never built at Sparta. While Sparta was near the center of the county, the principal trading point was at Blacksnake Hills. A petition, signed by 956 (being three-fifths) of the taxable citizens, asking for the removal of the county seat, was presented to the county court at the February term in 1843, and the court appointed Winslow Turner, James Hull and James Kuykendall to select a site. These gentlemen reported on July 4, 1843, stating that they had selected the southwest quarter of section 8, township 57, range 35, "the same being on the Missouri River at the Blacksnake Hills." This quarter section had been pre-empted by Joseph Robidoux and he lost no time in platting the town of St. Joseph after this report. At the election that followed a majority voted for the removal of the county seat to the Blacksnake Hills, but the measure failed because the claim of the county to the quarter section above mentioned was not sustained by the circuit court. Robidoux had a prior right. In the fall of 1844 ^ majority of all the voters in the county peti- tioned the legislature, and an act was passed in March, 1845, under which succeeding elections were held for the removal of the county seat. The commissioners provided by the legislature met in St. Joseph on May 24, 1845. Joseph Robidoux, who objected to giving his entire townsite to the county, was incHned to be liberal, however, and donated all of block 48, the site of the present court house. This was accepted by the commissioners. The legislature had also provided for the reimbursement of the holders of lots in Sparta. To assist in doing this Frederick W. Smith donated one block of ground in St. Joseph and EHas F. Wells donated two lots. John Patee donated three acres of land and Sam- uel C. Hall twenty acres. To further aid this movement the citizens of St. Joseph subscribed about $1,000 in money. The lands donated were sold for $1,370.50. They are to-day among the best property in St. Joseph and are easily worth $300,000, The amount thus secured covered the Hability to the Spartans by a narrow margin, for of the $2,370.50, it required $2,185. On December 24,1845, an election was held to ratify the action of the commissioners. St. Joseph received 1,037 votes and Sparta 541- The county court held that this vote did not decide the ques- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 47 tion in favor of St. Joseph, contending that a majority of all free white male inhabitants taxable, over the age of twenty-one years, was re- quired, and holding that there was no such majority for St. Joseph. The court at once ordered another election for February 28, 1846, The Spartans had been inspired with new hope and worked vigor- ously to defeat the aspirations of St. Joseph. There were speeches, the press was brought into active use and people made a per- sonal matter of the contest. Fortune favored St. Joseph this time with 1,164 votes against 455 for Sparta. The county seat was at once removed to St. Joseph. The lot owners in Sparta, having been reimbursed, moved off and the land reverted to the legal holder. CHAPTER III. THE COURTS OF BUCHANAN COUNTY.— FIRST SESSION OF THE CIRCUIT COURT.-JUDGES FROM 1839 TO i8g8-THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.-THE COUNTY COURT AND ITS ORGANIZATION FROM 18^9 TO 1898.-SUPREME COURT SESSIONS AT' ST. JOSEPH -JUSTICE COURTS AND A LIST OF THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED AS MAGISTRATES IN VARIOUS TOWNSHIPS FROM 1839 TO 1898. As stated in the pre-^ious chapter, Buchanan County was attached to the Fifth judicial circuit, and it therefore became the dis- tinguished duty of the Honorable Austin A. King of Ray County, the judge of the Fifth district aforesaid, to hold the first session of the circuit court. On February 16, 1839, Judge King, commissioned Edwin Toole of Blacksnake Hills as clerk of the circuit court, to hold said office until his successor should be elected at the general election in 1840. On July 15, 1839, Judge King opened court at the house of Joseph Robidoux at Blacksnake Hills, through the proclamation of Samuel Gilmore, "high sheriff in and for said county." Both civil and criminal cases were considered at this term, the first case docketed being Andrew S. Hughes vs. Ishmael Davis, a petition in debt. This case was dismissed at the plaintiff's cost. There was also an assatilt and battery case, and the grand jury re- turned indictments against twenty-three pioneers who had whiled away monotony and money in the national game of poker. Several merchants were indicted for doing business without license. Little was accomplished, however, at the first term of court, most of the cases being continued to the November term, when the gamesters were fined five dollars each. Two applications for citizenship were made during the first ses- sion of the court. Gottfried Rentel, a native of Poland, and Rudolph Mill of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, renounced allegiance \o their respective princes and potentates and declared intention to support the constitution of the United States. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 49 During the November term much business was disposed of. Among other things, one William Williams was indicted by the grand jury for rape. He was remanded to the sheriff of Clay County for keeping, there being no jail in Buchanan County as yet, and, at the March term of 1840, was found guilty and sentenced to the peniten- tiary for five years." He was the first criminal taken to that institu- tion from this county. The first three terms of court were held at Robidoux's house, and the July and November terms of 1840 were held at the house of Richard Hill, near Sparta. During the session of 1840-41 the legislature erected the Twelfth judicial circuit, composed of the Platte Purchase and Clinton County. Governor Reynolds appointed Hon. David R. Atchison of Platte County as judge of this circuit, and Peter H. Burnett, also of Platte County, as circuit attorney. On March 31, 1841, Judge Atchison convened his court at the house of Richard Hill, and the next term, in July, was held in the log - court house at Sparta, which had just been completed. In 1843, Henderson Young of Lafayette County succeeded Judge Atchison, who had been appointed United States Senator by Governor Reynolds to fill the unexpired term of Dr. Linn. Judge Young resigned one year after Judge Atchison, and the governor appointed Solomon L. Leonard of Buchanan County, who served until 1852, and was succeeded by William B. Almond of Platte County. Judge Almond held the office only one year, when he re- signed to go to California, where he had previously accumulated a considerable fortune, and Elijah H. Norton, also of Platte County, was appointed to fill the vacancy. Judge Norton served until i860, when he was succeeded by Silas Woodson of Buchanan County, who, during the war, became a mem- ber of General Willard P. Hall's staff as colonel and inspector-general. There was little business in the circuit court in those stormy days. In 1864, Judge Woodson was a candidate for re-election and was de- feated by William Herron of Andrew County, who served for the following four years. Isaac C. Parker of St. Joseph served from 1868 to 1870, when he resigned to go to Congress. Judge Parker's term was completed by Bennett Pike. Joseph P. Grubb was elected to succeed Judge Pike, and served from 1872 to t88o, when he was in turn succeeded by Wil- liam Sherman. Judge Sherman died after two years and Judge Grubb was appointed to fill the vacancy. 50 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH The Twelfth judicial circuit diminished in size as the territory became populated. During the war the circuit was composed of the Platte Purchase only. From 1872 to 1889 the circuit was composed of Buchanan and DeKalb Counties. By considering that ten years ago one circuit judge was able to meet the requirements of these two counties and that it now requires three circuit judges for Buchanan County alone, one gets some idea of the growth of this community in that period. In 1885, it was deemed necessary to establish a criminal branch of the circuit court, and the legislature of that year provided for this. Governor Crittenden appointed Silas Woodson to the post and Judge Woodson served until June 11, 1895, when he resigned owing to ill health. Governor Stone appointed Romulus E. Culver to fill the vacancy and Judge Culver was elected to succeed himself at the gen- eral election of November, 1896, being the present incumbent (1898) of the office. Oliver M. Spencer was elected circuit judge November, 1886, and served until May of 1890, when he resigned. Governor Francis appointed Archelaus M. Woodson to fill the vacancy. Judge Wood- son was re-elected for a second time November 8, 1898. The legislature of 1889 passed a bill establishing two civil branches of the Buchanan County circuit court, and Governor Francis appointed Henry M. Ramey judge of Division No. 2, Judge Wood- son's court being Division No. i. Judge Ramey was elected for a full term in November, 1890. He was succeeded in 1896 by Thomas H. Parrish, who died in October, 1897. Governor Stephens ap- pointed Charles F. Strop to fill the vacancy until the general election, November, 1898. Judge Strop failed of nomination at the Demo- cratic primaries in May of 1898, being defeated by William K. James, who was elected November 8, 1898, to fill out the unexpired term of Judge Parrish, which ends in 1902. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.-A tribunal within the recol- lection of comparatively few of the younger people was the Buchanan County court of common pleas, which existed from 1853 to 1873. This court was created to relieve the circuit judge, whose territory was too large and who often did not reside in the county. The court of common pleas had concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit court except as to criminal cases, and its records tell the his- tory of a large volume of the litigation that was had here during the twenty years of its existence. THE FIRST COURT HOUSE, (SFAKTA). THE SECOND COUET HOUSE, (ST. JOSEPH). BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 51 This court opened for its first term on Monday, September 12, 1853, with William C. Toole as judge, who served until September 15' 1855, when he was succeeded by Washington Jones. Judge Jones only served one year, resigning, and was succeeded by Joseph J. Wyatt September 18, 1856. Judge Wyatt served for ten years, being succeeded in October of 1866 by E. J. Montague, who served until December of 1870. Judge Toole again came upon the bench at that time and served until December of 1873. The court was abolished by the legislature and when Judge Toole adjourned without date the pending litigation was transferred to the circuit court, the Twelfth judicial circuit having meanwhile been contracted to Buchanan and DeKalb Counties. The clerk of the circuit court was also clerk of the common pleas court. THE COUNTY COURT.— William Harrington, Samuel John- son and William Curl were appointed by Governor Boggs as the first county court of 1839. In 1840, Stephen Jones, Richard Roberts and Upton Rohrer were judges. From that time to this the court has been organized as follows, the first named being the presiding judge : Stephen Jones, Richard Roberts, Thomas A. Brown, 1841-42 ; Rich- ard Roberts, Thomas A. Brown, William Dunning, 1843-44; William Dunning, Robert Irwin, Robert Duncan, 1845-48; William Dun- ning, Robert Irwin, T. S. Talbot, 1849; T. S, Talbot, William Dunning, Robert Jesse, 1850-52 ; Aaron Lewis, Nelson Witt, Hiram Rogers, 1853-54; Aaron Lewis, Nelson Witt, Cornelius Roberts, 1854-55 : WilHam M. Carter, Nelson Witt, Cornelius Roberts, 1855-56; Joseph H. Crane, Cornelius Roberts, John J. Pul- Hns, 1856-57; John J. Pullins, James A. Anthony, Cornelius Roberts, 1857-59; James A. Anthony, John J. Pullins, William Dunning, 1860-61; P. B. Locke, Cornelius Roberts, Ransom Ridge, 1862-63; Cornelius Roberts, Ransom Ridge, Charles Schreiber, 1863-64; Cor- nehus Roberts, Charles Schreiber, William Ridenbaugh, 1865 ; James Pettigrew, Charles Schreiber, J. R. Bell, 1866 ; Philomen Bliss, Jacob Boyer, Charles Schreiber, 1867-68; William M. Albin, Charles Schreiber, Jacob Boyer, 1869-70; John Pinger, W. B. Gilmore, John Bretz, 1871-72; John Pinger, William B. Gilmore, Benjamin B. Frazer, 1872-73; John Bretz, Michael Fitzgerald, John Taylor, 1873-74- During 1874-78, the county court consisted of five members. In that period the organization was: Michael Fitzgerald, John Taylor, Fred W. Smith, John L. Wade, John L. Sutherland, 1874-75 ; 52 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Bernard Patton, S. D. Cowan, John E. Wade, Johy' Rohan, John Taylor, 1875-76; Bernard Patton, William Robert^, John Pryor, Cornelius Roberts, Patrick Mclntyre, 1876-78. From 1878 to the present time there have been but three judges and the organization of the court has been : Thos. A. Brown, P. Mc- lntyre, John H. Carey, 1878-80; Thomas A. Brown, P. Mclntyre, L. F. Carpenter, 1880-82; Thomas A. Brown, John Kelley, William Buntin, 1882-84; Thomas A. Brown, John Kelly, A. F. Greenard, 1884-86; A. M. Dougherty, John Kelly, James Ferrill, 1886-88; A. M. Dougherty, W. B. Smith, Harry Keene, 1888-90; Thomas A, Brown, James W. Mansfield, W. B. Smith, 1890-92; Thomas A. Brown, William M. Stanton, James A. Millan, 1892-94; Harry Keene, Edgar Sleppy, William M. Stanton, 1894-96; Harry Keene, Augustus Saltzman, Jason B. Landis, 1896-98; William M. Stanton, T. J. Hill and Augustus Saltzman, 1898 — THE PROBATE COURT.— Prior to 1851, the county court was also the probate court. The first regular probate judge was Joseph J. Wyatt, who served 1851-59. Henry S. Tutt succeeded him and served 1859-65. For the next ten years the county court was again the probate court. In 1875, the probate court having been re- stored, the judgeship was held by Henry S. Tutt, who served until 1890, when he was succeeded by John M. Stewart, who held the office four years. From 1894 up to the present time James P. Thomas has filled" the place. THE SUPREME COURT.— Under the provisions of the Drake constitution a law was passed making the supreme court a migratory tribunal. The state was divided into districts, and St. Joseph was the seat of justice for northwest Missouri. From 1866 to 1876 two sessions of the supreme court were held here each year. Litt R. Lancaster, for many years a prominent attorney here, but who is now a resident of California, was clerk of the St. Joseph sessions. JUSTICE COURTS.— The justice of the peace is a townshio magistrate, elected for four years. Since the organization of the county the laws concerning these officials haVe varied. At the pres- ent time the several townships are entitled to justices as follows: Washmgton, 3; Marion, 2; Tremont, i; Centre, 2; Wayne 2; BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 53 Lake, i ; Rush, 2 ; Bloomington, 2 ; Jackson, 2 ; Crawford, i ; Agency, 2; Platte, i. Below is a list of those who have held these positions in the various townships since the organization of the county. The Hst is doubtless incomplete, but it is the best that could be obtained, being taken from the records in the county clerk's office. The date shows when their commissions were issued by the county court. Doubtless many commissions that were, issued are not re- corded. The following, however, are of record : Noble Township — May 10, 1839^ John Ritchie, Porter S. Ben- ton; May 4, '41, James Hannon, James Fulton, John Madril. Nodaway Township — May 10, 1839, Benjamin K. Dyer; Oc- tober 5, '40, William Reynolds, William Kelly. Jefferson Township — May 10, 1839, Daniel B. Holman, Jeremiah Burns. Lewis Township — ^June 3, 1839, John Thorp; August 10, '40, Robert H. Russell. Washington Township — July 4, 1839, Thomas Mills Peter Price ; August 13, '40, James A. Cochran; September 15, '41, Samuel C. Hall; December 8, '41, Richard Roberts; August 3, '42, Samuel C. Hall, James Karnes ; August 4, '43, Alfred M. Rector, Absalom Kent, Layton Cundiff ; October 7, '44, Charles Thoroughman, John Cox; August 6, '46, Levi T. Carr, Joseph J. Wyatt; January 5, '47, Simon Davis, James M. Hays, Lewis Tracy; August 9, '50, Milton H. Wash; August 10, '52, Charles W. Thoroughman, Robert B. Lambdin, Lewis Tracy; September 7, '53, Joel P. Blair, James A. Anthony, William Hughes ; August 9, '54, Henry S. Creal, WiUiam Hughes, Erastus D. Ford, Laomi Mc Arthur; February 5, '55, Anderson A. Dougherty; August 7, '56, William Hughes, J. A, Cochran, A. C. Christy; November 5, '58, Jules C. Robidoux; Au- gust 4, '58, Jules C. Robidoux, Erastus D. Ford; January 4, '59, Davis R. Harding ; August 2, '59, W. M. Sherwood, A. J. McAsfian : August 9, '60, Joel Miller, Edwin Toole; August 8, '62, James M. Hunter; November 25, '62, WilHam Hughes, O. R. Phelps, A. B. Lyon, Felix Robidoux; April 11, '63, Thomas A. Hughes; May 10, '66, Augustus Saltzman, J. B. Hopkins; November 24, '66, Josiah Warner, Augustus Saltzman; July 15, '67, Charles W. Wright; No- vember 14, '70, Daniel Conway, Augustus Saltzman, James H. Bur- nett ; November 9, '74, Augustus Saltzman, Thomas F. Ryan ; May II, 'ij-j^ John M. Stewart; November 16, '78, James Mitchell, William Fitton, Augustus Saltzman ; November 7, '82, James Mitchell, Henry W. Burke, John Taylor ; November 14, '84, Z. D. Washburn, Henry W. Burke, James Mitchell ; May 7, '86, James H. Ringo ; November 54 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 9, '86, Tobias Weaver, James Mitchell, Henry W. Burke; Novem- ber lo '90, Tobias Weaver, Henry W. Burke, James Mitchell; No- vember 19, '94, George Lyon, W. G. W. Ritchie, William Fitton. Crawford Township— May 13, 1839, George W. Taylor, Elisha Harrington; June 8, '40, Thomas A. Brown; April 6, '41, Stephen Jones; February 8, '42, Matt C. Ferrell; August 3, '42, John C. Whittington; o'ctober 7, '44, Henry W. Baker, Henry W. Coffey; August 6, '46, Matt C. Ferrell, Curran M. Cox, Henry Williams; August 12, '48, Joseph W. C. Moor ; August 7, '50, Matt C. Ferrell, Henry Williams, James H. Ashbaugh; August 9, '54, J. R. Cox, William Kirkman, J. C. G. Rousy, William Willis ; August 4, '58, James E. Weller, William Kirkman ; October 8, '59, James H. Ash- baugh; August 9, '60, Hiram Hearst, James H. Ashbaugh; April i, '61, James H. Ringo; November 24, '62, G. W. F. Cox; January 5, '63, David W. Clouser; January 5, '64, Byrd M. Fleming; August 8, '65, Cornelius Day, Byrd M. Fleming; November 14, '66, Newton Cowan, Cornelius Day; November 14, '70, Thomas B. Bayless, B. M. Fleming; February 8, '72, Newton Cowan; November 14, '72, Robert Bryan ; November 9, '74, William E. Curl ; November 14, 'yd, William Kirkham, Robert Bryan; November 8, '80, P. W. Nolan; Nov. 7, '82, John Surface ; November 14, '84, P. W. Nolan ; Novem- ber 7, '86, John Surface, Jesse T. Roberts; November 17, '88, John T. Murphy; November 10, '90, John T. Bryan; January 9, '94, Clay- borne McGee; November 19, '94, John T. Murphy. Marion Township — May 10, 1839, Barnes Clark; August 3, '42, Robert Gray, John Belk, Nicholas Roberts; April 7, '74, Augustus M. Wiley; August 6, '46, Hugh Glenn, Ephraim Bowen; August 8, '46, John Belk; August 12, '48, Charles Ramsey, Immanuel H. Rouch ; August 9, '50, Adam Karnes, James Campbell, Richard A, Smith, Loring Wales ; August 9, '54, Ephraim Bowen, Elijah Mc- Crary, Richard A. Smith, James Campbell ; August 4, '58, Calvin F. Benight, Loring Wales, Eprhaim Bowen; August 4, '58, Absalom Scott, Henry C. Hough ; August 9, '60, John S. Martin ; November Benight, Loring Wales, Ephraim Bowen; August 4, '58, Absalom mer; November 8, '71, Calvin W. Benight; November 14, '72, David London; November 9, '74, Jesse. Reno ; November 14, '76, Adam Miller; November 8, '80, Waller Young, C. W. Benight; November 7, '82, Adam Miller; November 9, '86, S. S. Whitmore, A. B. Miller,- Adam L. Miller; November 10, '96, Henry Iba, Adam L. Miller; November 19, '94, C. W. Benight, Adam L. Miller. Bloomington Township-May 13, 1839, John Morris, James M. Burnett; February i, '41, Zachariah Garten, Richard Hancock- Au- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 55 gust 3, '42, John Taylor, John Ewell, Cornelius Roberts ; August 4, '43, John D. Davis, John Morris ; October 7, '44, Zachariah Garten, Frederick Waymire ; October 7, '45, William James, Cornelius Rob- erts ; August 8, '46, William D. Barnett, William R. Jones ; August 12, '48, James Pettigrew; August 9, '49, Ludwell Ringo, Benjamin Downs; August 9, '50, Charles Rose, Preston R. King, Cornelius Roberts; August 9, '54, Henry Hutt; August 4, '58, Thomas J. Crumpacker, Cornelius Roberts, Harden Hainline, John Taylor; March 8, '59, Hiram Roberts ; August 9, '60, John T. Moore ; Jan- uary 6, '62, Hiram Roberts, John Taylor ; January 14, '66, James P. Pettigrew; November 14, '70, John Taylor; December 2, '72, Cor- nelius Roberts; November 16, '78, John H. Decker, Thomas J. Crumpacker; January 6, '83, H. H. Warner; November 9, '86, James E. Horn, William Galbreath; November 19, 94, James E. Horn, T. J. Crumpacker. Tremont Township — May 10, '39, Richard Bagby, Joab Shultz; October 5, '40, Charles Thoroughman, Phillip Mudgett; November 4, '40, Isaac Voorhees; August 3, '42, Joseph Ogle, Robert Irwin; October 7, '44, Ransom Ridge, Andrew Neill ; August 6, '46, Abner Norris; August 12, '48, Edward M. Gordon; August 9, '50, Franklin W. Gray, Calvin S. Graves, Sylvester S. Hughlett; August 9, '54, Joab Shultz, Marmaduke D. Finch; August 7, '56, James McClin- tock; August 4, '58, John M. Jeffries, F. W. Gray, W. E. Gentry; September 6, '60, Thomas Hall; November 29, '64, Allen Jamison; November 14, '66, John M. Jeffries, John S. Light; May 9, '71, John W. Hall ; November 24, '74, George W. Ball, J. T. Wingate ; No- vember 16, '78, Joab Shultz, G. W. Ball; November 7, '82, Thomas F. Harris; November 9, '86, Joab Shultz, Thomas F. Harris; No- vember 6, '88, W. R. Walkup ; November 10, '90, Joab Shultz ; No- vember II, '92, J. F. Spoor; November 19, '94, William Walkup, J. F. Spoor. Platte Township — May 8, 1839, Ira Thorpe; May 13, '39, Nelson Witt; August 3, 1842, Thomas L. Lasater, Nelson Witt, Goodwin Lycan; April 10, '45, Richard H. Conn, Silas Barnett; August 6, '46, Nathaniel C. Boydston; August 8, '46, Nelson Witt, Al- fred Courtney, Silas Barnes; August 12, '48, William Bur- nett; June 4, '49, John Fidler; August 9, '50, John Tobin, John Fidler, Francis Browning; August 10, '52, John Bar- nett; August 9, '54, Nelson Witt, Jacob Goodwin, Jordan Wray, Tyree Thorpe ; August 7, '56, William Maddox, John Tobin ; August 4, '58, Alexander Belcher, Lawson H. Powell, John Tobin ; October 4, '58, Jordan Wray; August 6, '62, Nelson Witt; September 15, '63, 56 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Alex Belcher; November 14, '70, Jesse Anderson; September 25, '71 John W. Mitchell; November 14, '72, John Ball, John W. Mitchell November 14, '76, Alex Belcher; November 16, '78, James M. Witt November 9, '86, G. W. Burnett, J. N. Anderson ; November 10, '90, J. M.'Witt; November 10, '92, Jesse Anderson. Atchison Township— Januarv 3, 1844, Frederick Waymire; Oc- tober 7, '44, Solomon Dill, Nathaniel Hamlin; April 10, '45, John Devorss, Simon Lewis. Center Township— August 13, 1840, EH Hubble; May 2, '41, Jefferson Gabbert; June 3, '41, Micaja BeHeu; August 3, '42, Elija W, Smith, M. Belieu, Hiram Roberts; October 7, '44, EHas Marshall; August 8, '46, William H. Atterbury, Eli Crumply, David Mont- gomery; August 12, '48, Hiram Roberts j August 9, '50, EU Crumply, James J. Reynolds, Colby Gordon; August 8, '54, Thomas Young, Charles Hardy; August 9, '54, Madison Frans ; August 7, '56, Richard Burchell ; August 4, '58, Benamin Moore, Thomas Lasater Henry W. Marshall; August 9, '60, Thomas Young, David Jones, EH Crumply; November 28, '64, Alex McClaren, Thomas Young; November 14, '66, Eli Crumply ; February 8, '70, Richard Thompson ; November 14, '70, James G. Poteet, Benjamin P. Holland; March 20, '71, H. S. Thorpe; November 14, '72, Eli Crumply; November 24, '74, B. P. Holland; November 14, '76, B. B. Abell, Jacob Hol- lingsworth; November 7, '82, Andrew Hensley, George W. Ball; March 4, '86, Canada Little ; November 9, '86, A. T. Nolan, Canada Little; November 10, '90, V. T. McVey; November 15, '92, August H. Christ; November 19, '94, C. L. Little, James Burris. Wayne Township — August 3, 1842, Abner Norris; August 3, '43, Samuel Singleton, Harlow Hinkston ; June 3, '44, James Ingles, Samuel A. Lee ; July 7, '45, Peter Price ; August 8, '46, David Ringo. Samuel Singleton, Harlow Hinkston; August 9, '50, George A, Pearcy; August 7, '56, James L. Hyde, Michael Moser, Silas G. Hoovey ; August 4, '58, George A. Pearcy ; August 9, '60, Henson Devorss, R. C. Hutchinson; November 25, '62, George A. Pearcy; November 28, '64, James Pettigrew; May 11, '65, Henry Yeakly; November 14, '66, John F. Barnes, Laban Pritchard; April 13, '70, Thomas W. Leasure ; November 14, '70, Laban Pritchard ; December 2, '72, Jacob Brown; November 24, '74, Oscar Kirkham; November 14, '76, Jacob Brown; November 16, '78, Thomas N. Leasure; No- vember 7, '82, Thomas N. Leasure; March 12, '83, John F. Barnes; November 10, '90, Thomas N. Leasure, Hiram Devorss ; November 19, '92, Jesse L. Roberts; November 19, '94, John Jones, Charles Henman. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 57 Rush Township — November 7, '42, Baronet Plymire, Morris Baker, William Young; October 7, '44, Wiliam E. Fleming, Richard Hancock, Joshua H. Lucas; August 7, '45, John E. Goodwin, Will- iam Bryant; August 6, '46, William Bryant; August 6, '47, John Hamner; August 12, '48, Lazarus Yocum, Perman Henderson, John AUison; August 9, '50, Henry Judah, WilHam Green; August 10, '52, Alex S. Bundy, Alfred Newman; November 8, '53, Alex Mc- Pherson; August 9, '54, J. H. AUison, Alex McPherson, Squire Wade; January 2, '55, John L. Thompson; September 3, '55, James V. Bunten, Nimrod Pendergrass; August 7, '56, James V. Bunten.. Nimrod Pendergrass, J. K. Dickson; August 4, '58, J. H. Allison; August 9, '60, Hiram House; November 24, '62, Elija Watson; November 24, '64, Hiram House; November 14, '66, C. W. Stewart; November 5, '67, James S. Jones; November 14, '72, W. S. Wells, Emmet C. Wells ; November 9, '74, Elija Watson ; November 14. '76, E. C. Wells; November 16, '78, J. C. Morgan; June 27, '79, Joseph Grooms; November 8, '80, J. E. Gabbert; May 3, '81, A. G. Prosser; November 7, '82, W. S. Wells, J. S. Watson, William Conner ; November 14, '84, Emmett Wells ; November 9, '86, William Conner, Emmett Wells; November 10, '90, J. C. Allison, W. S. Conner ; November 19, '94, W. S. Conner, Jasper Allison. Jackson Township — August 10, 1840, Sebern Johnson; August 3, '42, James Grant, Robert Swyny, Leander Jones, William Mc- Carty; October 7, '44, Hiram Clark, Williapi McCarty; July 7, '45, Bernard Dowdell; August 6, '46, Golden Silvers; August 8, '46, John Connor, Isaac Norman, Henry Watkins, Thomas W. Dorrell ; August 9, '50, Alexander Belcher, John M. Arnold, Abraham Cline: John Connor; August 10, '52, Garrett Cozine, Golden Silvers; August 7, '56, Nelson McCain, J. M. Mattucks, J. M. Arnold; Au- gust 4, '58, John B. Sherwood, William Means; August 9, '60, L N. Baker, John Arnold; April 4, '62, Joseph Arthur; November 28, '64, I. N. Baker; November 14, '66, David Dolison; December 2, '72, James M. Reynolds, James W. Wilkerson; November 14, '76, James E. Weller ; November 7, 82, James M. Reynolds ; November 9, '96, Charles Branch; November 10, '90, John Deets; November 19, '94, J. Matt Reynolds. Lake Township— February 5, 1850, David P. Ringo; August 9, '50, Elizur B. Keep, Lorenzo J. Barnes; August 10, '52, Ephraim Folwell, Jasper Smith; August 9, '54, David P. Hart; August 9, '60, William Callahan ; May 26, '65, Irwin Fish ; November 14, '72, Wdl- iam H. Fuller ; November 9, '74, Samuel Singleton ; November 14, '76, Josiah Howard ; November 9, '86, Thomas Leasure. 58 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Agency Township — November 7, 1882, John B. Corbett, Thomas Kane; March 12, '83, James R. Weakly; May 9, '85, W. L. Reynolds; March 6, '86, John G. Graham; November 9, '86, John G. Graham; November 10, '90, J. M. Harris; November 15, '92, John M. Deatheredge, D. D. Kountz, A. B. Coats; November 19,. '94, J. M. Deatheredge, Robert V. Reese. TERMS AND COMPENSATIO'N— Circuit judges are elected for six years and receive $3,000 per annum salary. Of this amount $2,000 is paid by the state and $1,000 by the county. The presiding judge of the county court is elected for four years. Judges of the First and Second Districts are elected every two years. The First District is composed of the Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Wards of the City of St. Joseph and all of the county; the Second District is composed of the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Wards of the city. The judges are entitled to $5 per diem for every day of session. The judge of the probate court is elected every four years and is entitled to fees. Justices of the peace are elected for four years and are entitled to fees. CHAPTER 17 COUNTY OFFICES AND THE INCUMBENTS THEREOF, FROM THE EARLIEST DAYS TO THE PRESENT TIME. — PROSECUTORS, CLERKS OF CIRCUIT COURT, SHERIFFS AND CONTESTS FOR THE OF- FICE, COUNTY CLERKS AND CONTESTS, CORONERS, RECORDERS OF DEEDS, TREASURERS, ASSESSORS, PHYSICIANS, SURVEYORS AND PUBLIC ADMINIS- TRATORS. Prior to 1872 the public prosecutor was styled circuit attorney and was elected, as the judge, by the votes of the judicial circuit. When the Twelfth circuit was created by the legislature, in 1841, Governor Reynolds appointed Peter H. Burnett of Platte County as circuit attorney. In 1843 ^r. Burnett resigned and was succeeded by Willard P. Hall, Sr., of Buchanan, who in turn was succeeded by J. M. Jones of Andrew. The office was also held by James Craig of Buchanan, James N. Burnes of Platte, Joseph P. Grubb of Buchanan, Thomas Thoroughman of Buchanan and Isaac C. Parker of Bu- chanan. The last incumbent was B. K. Davis of Maryville. Of those named, Mr. Burnett was afterwards governor of Cali- fornia, Willard P. Hall was governor of Missouri and Isaac C. Parker, James Craig and James N. Burnes went to Congress. Judge Parker ended his days as United States judge at Fort Smith, Ark. In 1872, S. Alexander Young, brother of the late Waller Young, and of the then existing law firm of Woodson, Vineyard & Young, was elected the first prosecuting attorney of Buchanan County. He resigned before the expiration of his term and James P. Thomas, now probate judge, was appointed to serve out the unexpired period. Judge Henry M. Ramey held the office for four years, 1874-78, and was succeeded by Willard P. Hall, Jr. Oliver M. Spencer prose- cuted during 1880-82, Thomas F. Ryan, 1882-84; James W. Boyd, 1884-86; Benjamin J. Woodson, 1886-88; WilHam M. Sherwood, 1888-90; Lawrence A. Vories, 1890-92; Romulus E. Culver, 1892-94; Albert B. Duncan, 1894-96; WiUiam B. Norris, 1896-98; James W. Mytton has been elected to serve during 1899-1900. 6o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH CIRCUIT CLERKS.— The first entry on the record of the cir- cuit court for Buchanan County recites the appointment, by Judge Austin A. King, of Edwin Toole as "clerk of the circuit court," with power and authority to discharge the duties of said office until the general election in the year 1840. This order was made on February 13, 1839, and Mr. Toole at once began the work of preparing for the first term of court, to be held in the following July. In 1840, Mr. Toole was succeeded by William Fowler, who held the position until 1852, being at the same time county clerk. WilHam Ridenbaugh was clerk of the circuit court from 1852 to 1862, when he was succeeded by William C. Toole, who served two years. Frank G. Hopkins served from 1864 to 1870 and was suc- ceeded by William Ridenbaugh, who held the place for three years, dying in office. C. C. Colt served out Mr. Ridenbaugh's term and was succeeded by J. H. R. Cundiff, who held the office from 1874 to 1878, and was in turn succeeded by Samuel D. Cowan, who held the office until 1894. John T. Chesnut, the present incumbent, was elected for a second term of four years in November, 1898. Edwin Toole moved to Savannah, and afterwards located in Montana, where he prospered, rose to prominence and is still living at an advanced age. His son, Joseph Toole, was a delegate to Con- gress when Montana was a territory and has been governor since Montana was admitted as a state. William Fowler, William Riden- baugh and Colonel Cundiff are dead, the latter dying at St. Louis while editor of the Missouri Republican. Messrs. Hopkins and Cowan both reside in St. Joseph and Mr. Colt at Kansas City. SHERIFFS. — When Governor Boggs appointed the first judges of the Buchanan county court he also appointed a sheriff, Samuel M. Gilmore. Mr. Gilmore held the office until 1843, when he was suc- ceeded by George W. Taylor, who served until 1846. The next four years saw William B. Reynolds in the office, who was succeeded in 1850 by Leander T. Ellis. Joseph B. Smith served from 1852 to 1856, when Solomon N. Sheridan took the office. Mr. Sheridan did not serve out his term, and was succeeded by James A. Matney, Michael D. Morgan served from 1858 to 1861, when he resigned to go to war. Samuel Ensworth was appointed to serve out the term. Enos Craig was elected and served 1862-64. In 1864-66, Ransom Ridge was sheriff. Irvin Fish served in 1866-68. Dr. R. P. Rich- ardson filled the office for the next two years and was succeeded by BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 6i Col. Elijab Gates, who served in 1870-74. James L. Spencer, better known as "Fay" Spencer, succeeded Colonel Gates with four years, and Robert H. Thomas followed Mr. Spencer, serving four years also. In 1884, John H. Carey took the office. In November of 1886 he was defeated for a second term by Joseph Andriano, the vote being 295 in favor of the latter. Mr. Carey refused to give up the office on the ground that Mr. Andriano was inelligible, and, on November 13, notified Mr. Andriano that he intended to contest the election, for the reason that he (Carey) had been creditably informed that Andriano was an alien and not a citizen of the United States. This was a sur- prise to Mr. Andriano, who had lived in St. Joseph thirty-six years, held city offices and served three years in the Union army. However, he engaged counsel and prepared for the contest. The case came up before Judge Oliver M. Spencer in the Buchanan County circuit court, who, on January 23, 1887, decided in favor of Mr. Carey. The first paragraph of Judge Spencer's decision reads as follows : "The decision of this case depends alone upon the citizenship o[ the defendant. From the testimony of the defendant himself, who was the only witness examined, it appears that he was born at Heidel- berg) Germany, on the 15th day of October, 1841. When he reached the age of seven he, together with his parents, immigrated to the United States. In 1854, while the defendant was still a minor, his parents were naturalized. The defendant never at any time declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States; never re- nounced his allegiance to the government of Germany, or took the oath of allegiance to this country. He depends alone upon the nat- uralization of his parents to make him a citizen." Judge Spencer decided at length, and with numerous citations, that Andriano was not a citizen of the United States under the evi- dence and the circumstances. The case was at once appealed to the supreme court and the decision reversed. Sheriff Andriano took the office early in May of 1887 and held it until January, 1889, when he was succeeded by Eugene H. Spratt, who subsequently served four years. Charles W. Carson then served two years and was succeeded in January, 1893, by Joseph Andriano, who, in turn, was succeeded, January, 1895, by James Hull, the pres- ent incumbent. Mr. Hull has been re-elected. Of the men whose names are given above, Gilmore, Taylor, Rey- nolds, Ellis, Smith, Sheridan, Matney, Morgan, Ensworth. Ridge, Fish and Richardson are dead. The others reside in St. Joseph and Buchanan County. 62 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH COUNTY CLERKS.— William Fowler was appointed county clerk at the first meeting of the Buchanan county court, held at the house of Richard Hill, on the first Monday in April, 1839, and served under this appointment until the election in 1840, when he was elected and thereafter was re-elected repeatedly until 1852, being succeeded by Milton H. Wash, who served until 1858. From 1858 to 1864 the office was held by Isaac Van Riley. Willis M. Sherwood succeeded Mr. Riley, serving till 1870, when John B. Harder took the office. Mr. Harder served three years and some months and died while in office. His unexpired term was filled by John T. Ransom. I. Van Riley was again elected in November, 1874, and took charge January, 1875. In the following April he died and his son, Edward Van Riley, was appointed. E. Van Riley served out the remaining portion of his father's term and was then elected, holding the office until 1884. Phillip Rogers was the next clerk, serving in 1884-92. He was suc- ceeded by T. Ed Campbell, who died May 3, 1893. Waller Young M^as appointed by Governor Stone to. serve until the next election, November, 1894. The opposing candidates at the election of 1894 were Enos Craig, Republican, and Robert M. Nash, Democrat. The returning board showed that Mr. Craig had a majority of one vote. Mr. Nash was satisfied, but the leaders of his party urged him to contest the elec- tion. He declined to do this until various defeated candidates of the Republican ticket had instituted proceedings for a recount of votes. As a result of this i-ecount Nash had a majority of eighty votes over Craig. On January 7, 1895, Craig took charge of the office under his certificate from the governor, based upon the first count. On February 19, 1895, Judge A. M. Woodson of the circuit court decided that Nash was entitled to the office. Craig filed notice of appeal and gave an appeal bond. Nash appHed for a writ of ouster, but Craig's attorneys set up the claim that the appeal bond constituted a super- sedeas to the writ of ouster and appealed to the supreme court for a writ of prohibition upon the writ of ouster. Judge McFarlane of the supreme court decided that the appeal bond was not a supersedeas to the writ of ouster and that the writ of ouster must prevail. There- upon Judge Woodson ordered the sheriff to place Nash in office. This was done, but Nash's troubles were not over yet, for the two Repubhcan members of the county court. Judges Keene and Sleppy, refused to approve his bond or to recognize him as clerk. However, it was soon legally decided that the county court could not sit with- out a clerk and so the judges bowed to the inevitable. The case BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 63 which Craig had appealed to the supreme court was afterwards de- cided against him. In the recent election (November, 1898) Craig and Nash again opposed each other for this office and Nash was elected by 900 ma- jority. Of the above named the following are dead : William Fowler, Milton H. Wash, I. Yan Riley, John B. Harder, T. Ed Campbell and -Waller Young. The others reside in St. Joseph. COLLECTORS.— The sheriff was ex-officio county collector and tax- gatherer until 1864. Thomas Harbine was the first incum- bent of the office, serving 1864-68. The office was then filled as fol- lows : John Finger, 1868-70 ; Robert F. Maxwell, 1870-72 ; Talbott Fairleigh, 1872-74; Thos. J. Burgess, 1874-76; Milton M. Claggett, 1876-78; Randolph T. Davis, 1878-82; Tandy H. Trice, 1882-88: James Hull, 1888-92. George H. Hall, Jr., served 1892. to April 23, 1895, when he resigned, having defaulted. Governor Stone ap- pointed Edward J. Breen to serve out the term. Eugene H. Spratt was elected November, 1896, and re-elected for two years November, 1898. Of the above, John Finger, M. M. Claggett and R. T. Davis are dead. The others reside in St. Joseph, except Thomas Harbine, who lives at Fairbury, Nebraska, and George H. Hall. CORONERS. — Up to 1852 this" office was held at different times by William H. Ridenbaugh, Benjamin B. Hartwell and David V. Thompson. The following were the other incumbents : David J. Heaton, 1852-54; Wm. R. Fenick, 1854-58; Josiah H. Crane, 1858-60; R. F. Maxwell, 1862-64; John A. Dolman, 1862-64; Thomas Young, 1864-66; Dr. John T. Berghoff, 1866-70; Dr. C. J. Siemens, 1870-72; Dr. Samuel Goslee, 1872-74; Dr. Hugh Trevor, 1874-80; Dr. J. W. Heddens, 1880-82; Dr. F. J. Kirschner, 1882-86; Dr. J. W. Stringfellow, 1886-88; Dr. W. L. Whittington, 1888-92; Dr. S. D. Reynolds, 1892-94; Dr. J. W. Islaub, 1894-96. The present incum- bent (1898) is Dr. W. Spier Richmond. Of the above the following are dead : Hartwell, Thompson, Hea- ton, Fenick, Crane, Dolman, Young, Berghoff, Goslee and Trevor. The others reside in St. Joseph. RECORDERS. — The circuit clerk was recorder of deeds up to 1865. The first recorder was George A. Fearcy, who served 1865-74; 64 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Thomas Kelly served 1874-7S; Michael Crawford, 1875-78; James Millan, 1878-80 ; Thomas N. Finch, 1880-92. The present mcumbent, Joel (iates, was first elected in 1892. He will be succeeded by Joseph N. Karnes, just elected. Of the above, Pearcy, Crawford and Fmch are dead. The others reside in St. Joseph. TREASURERS.— The following have filled the office of county treasurer in the past: James A. Anthony, 1840-50; John Curd, 1850- 62; George Lyon, 1862-70; Gustavus H. Koch, 1870-74; John Wil- liams, 1874-78; James Hull, 1878-80; John T. Ransom, 1880-82; James Hull, 1882-86; T. Ed Campbell, 1886-90; Joseph Andriano, 1890-92; John B. Corbett, 1892-94. Harry Cox was elected for 1894-96, but the office was filled by Richard Horigan, who furnished the bond for Cox. Ishmael Davis, the present incumbent, was re- elected. Of the above the following are dead : Anthony, Curd, Koch, WilHams and Campbell. The others reside in St. Joseph. ASSESSORS.— W. W. Reynolds was the first assessor of Bu- chanan County, having been appointed by the county court in 1839. He served until 1843, since which time the office has been held as fol- lows : Hiram Roberts, 1843-45 ; Zachariah Garten, 1845-46; Mathew C. Ferrell, 1846-47; Leander T. Ellis, 1847-51; H. M. Beauchamp, 1851-52; Henry Smith, 1852-53; Hiram Roberts, 1853-55; James A. Matney, 1855-63; William Fitton, 1863-65; John B. Harder, 1865-67; J. A. Matthews, 1867-69; Joseph Mathers, 1869-71; Cyrus J. Missemer, 1871-73; John S. Tutt, 1873-75; George Garrett, 1875- -JT, John S. Tutt, 1877-85. Tutt died in office. John P. Boyle was appointed to fill out the unexpired term. He did this and was elected to succeed himself, but died shortly after qualifying. John C. Landis was appointed by Governor Marmaduke to serve Boyle's term. Harry D. Bassett served 1888-94. William H. Croy followed Bassett and served until his death, in February of 1898. His brother, James Croy, was appointed by Governor Stephens to serve out the unexpired term, and then elected to serve until 1902. COUNTY PHYSICIANS.— Dr. Samuel Goslee was the first county physician of whom there is record. He attended the county's poor when they were located on the farm near Sparta. Dr. Willian Bertram was county physician from 1868 to 1870, when he was sue BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 65 ceeded by Dr. A. S. Long. Dr. Gray succeeded Dr. Long in 1872, but served only a few months and died. Dr. Goslee was again ap- pointed and served until June, 1873, when he died also. Dr. E. A. Donelan was the next appointee and served until 1877, when he was succeeded by Dr. J. M. D. France, who served until 1886. Dr. P. J. Kirschner, Dr. C. R. Woodson, Dr. W. B. Davis and Dr. F. G. Thompson have held the office in turn since 1886. COUNTY SURVEYORS.— Simeon Kemper was the first county surveyor. He and Elijah McCrary held the office until 1857, when M. Jeff Thompson was elected. W. B. Johnson was elected in 1861, S. P. Hyde in 1868, Lemuel Peters in 1872, Theodore Stein- acker in 1880, Harry Fardwell in 1888, W. B. Hazen in 1892, and Theodore Steinacker, the present incumbent, in 1896. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS.— Prior to 1874 this office was held by William Ridenbaugh, William M. Albin, James H. Ashbaugh, Henry Smith and Eugene Ayres. From 1874 to 1896 it was held by Thomas R. Smith, who was succeeded by James A. Gibson, the pres- ent incumbent. * * * CONSTABLE. — Each township elects one constable every even numbered year. The constable is a peace officer and is also empow- ered to serve writs issued by justices of the peace. The records af- ford so little satisfaction that no effort will be made to present a list of those who have held this office in the various townships during the past. In 1882, Charles W. Carson was elected constable of Washing- ton Township, but resigned shortly after taking the office. In 1884, Louis Eggert was elected. He resigned in 1885 and Stephen Sale served out the term. In 1886, James Mansfield was elected and served two terms. He was succeeded in 1890 by W. R. Womach, who also served two terms, and was succeeded by George Nixon, who has been succeeded by David Hatfield. OIL INSPECTOR.— This is a state office, the proper title of which is "inspector of petroleum oils." The appointment is made by the governor for a term of two years and has been filled as follows : Henry Borngesser, appointed March 10, 1871 ; Vernon Ridenbaugh, June 26, 1872 ; R. A. Macloon, August 2, 1874 ; Granville G. Ad- 60 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. kins, June 25, 1877; Milton M. Claggett, June 27, 1879; Granville G. Adkins, June 21, 1881 ; Milton M. Claggett, June 20, 1885; Rice D. Gilkey, October 13, 1885; Granville G. Adkins, June 25, 1889; Peter Nugent, June 20, 1891 ; Elijah Gates, September 2, 1893; George H. Wyatt, August 2, 1895 ; Harry Tootle, August 2, 1897. TERMS AND EMOLUMENTS.— The collector of county rev- enue is elected for two years and receives commission on all moneys collected, out of which he provides for his deputies. The clerk of the county court is elected for four years, receives a salary of $2,000 per annum and is entitled to fees not to exceed $3,500 per annum, out of which he must provide for his deputies. The sheriff is elected for two years, receives fees and provides for his deputies. The recorder of deeds is elected every four years, receives fees and provides for his deputies. The treasurer is elected for two years, receives a salary of for four years, receives a salary of $2,000 per annum and is entitled to $1,600 per annum and $600 for clerk hire. The assessor is elected for four years and receives fees. The clerk of the circuit court is elected fees to the amount of $3,500 per annum, out of which he provides for his deputies. The county surveyor is elected for four years and re- ceives three dollars per day and expenses when out of the city. The public administrator is elected for four years and receives fees. The prosecuting attorney is elected for two years, receives fees and $1,000 per annum for an assistant. The county physician is appointed by the county court and receives $1,000 per annum and mileage outside of the city. The jail physician is appointed by the county court and receives $300 per annum. The county court also appoints the super- intendent of the poor farm, who receives $75 per month and main- tenance; the assistant superintendent, who receives $50 per month and maintenance, and the matron, who receives $25 per month and maintenance. CHAPTER V. TOWNSHIPS AND TOWNS OF BUCHANAN COUNTY AND THE NAMES OF SOME OF THE FIRST SETTLERS.— POPULATION, BOUNDARIES, AND VOTING PRE- CINCTS OF THE VARIOUS TOWNSHIPS.— THE TOWNS OF AGENCY, DEKALB, WALLACE, TAOS. WINTHROP, RUSHVILLE, HALLS, EASTON AND ST. GEORGE.— SPARTA, THE FIRST COUNTY SEAT.— TRADING POINTS AND POSTOFFICES. In this chapter the history and present condition of the various townships of Buchanan County and the towns and trading points therein contained is briefly outhned. The names of only such pioneers as came prior to 1845 are given. Most of these are dead. The boundaries, the date of settlement, present population, location of voting precincts, post offices and trading points are set forth, and also a brief history of the various towns, together with their commercial importance, location and population. PLATTE TOWNSHIP.— The first settlers came by wagon from Clay County, and Platte Township, which forms the southeast corner of Buchanan County, was the scene of the earliest struggles of the pioneers, though the other southern townships were populated so near the same time that there is little difference as to age. However, the Enyards, the Everetts and the Munkers are among the first who came to the new country, and they settled in Platte Township. The following are the names of some of the pioneers of Platte Township and the dates of their coming: Absalom Enyard, 1836; Weston J. Everett and Absalom Munkers, February, 1837; David Munkers, first white child born in the township, April, 1838 ; Jackson Erickson, 1837; James Williams, 1837; John Huntsucker, Tennessee, 1837; Peter Bledsoe, 1837; William Cobb, Tennessee, 1837; John Fletcher and Jesse Rockhold, 1837; John Tobin, Kentucky, 1838; John Dryden, Thompson Burnham, Charles Kennaird, Morris Pile, James Anderson, 1838; Dr. Samuel Trower, Kentucky, 1838; Nel- son Witt, Kentucky, 1838; John Berryhill, James Courtney, James 68 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. Fidler, John G. Elliott, John Cummins, Eli Cummins, Harrison Whitson and John Rohan, 1838. The first church in the township was built by Judge Nelson Witt. It was of logs and octagonal in shape, with a considerable seating ca- pacity. It was called the Witt meeting house and was used by the Calvinistic Baptists. According to the last census Platte Township has a population of 968. The voting precinct is at Burnett school house and the post office is at Platte River, where there is a general store, a mill, and a bridge over the river. JACKSON TOWNSHIP.— Pleasant Yates came in the spring of 1837; Isaac Farris, Kentucky, 1837; Levi Jackson, Kentucky, 1837; John Johnson, North Carohna, 1837; Robert Prather, Ken- tucky, 1837; Phillip Walker, 1837; Robert Wilson, Ohio,« 1837; John Ray, North Carolina, 1838; Christopher Cunningham, 1838; Benja- min McCrary, 1838; Charles Grable, 1840; Eli Arnold, 1840. Jackson is the first township of the southern tier, west of Platte. Its population, according to the last census, was 656. Arnoldsville was at one time a trading point and postoffice. Eli Arnold built a mill ther6 in 1847. Now the people of Jackson, as well as those of Platte, go to Platte River. Matney's mill and store are on the Jackson Township side of the bridge. ^ ^ ^ CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP.— History has preserved the names of the following early settlers of Crawford Township, the second of the southern tier west of Platte: William Fowler, Delaware, 1837; Wm. Harrington, 1837; Caleb Bailey, 1837; Wm. Guinn and Wm. Lock- hart, Illinois, 1837; Bartlett Curl, Kentucky, 1837; James B. O'Toole, IlHnois, 1837; Harvey Jones, North Carolina, 1837; O. M. Spencer, father of Judge Spencer, Kentucky, 1837; James Curl, William Payne, Guian Brown, Turpin Thomas, Matt Ferril, 1837; Thomas A. Brown, late judge of the county court, Tennessee, 1838; H. W, Baker, Virginia, 1837; John Hickman, St. Louis, 1837; Levi Judah, Indiana, 1837; Columbus Roundtree, Kentucky, 1837; Dr. Silas McDonald, Kentucky, 1838, first physician in the county; Major Sandford Feland, Kentucky, 1839; Guilford Moultrie, 1839; Nathan Turner, 1839. Crawford Township had, according to the last census, a popula- tion of 1,359. There are three voting precincts, Halleck, Wallace and Faucett, and each of these has a postoffice. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 69 Halleck, which is also called "Old Taos," was originally known as Fancher's Cross Roads. In 1848, a saloon was kept there, in which was sold whisky of so villainous a character that those who had re- turned from the Mexican war compared it to Taos whisky, which was mescal, and considered the worst in New Mexico; sp, when a drunken soldier galloped through the village yelling "Hurrah for Old Taos !" the name was fixed. The place was afterwards called Birm- ing, but during the civil war it was rechristened in honor of General Halleck. It has no railroad. There is a population of about 200. There is a blacksmith shop and a general store. There was formerly a mill and Halleck flour was famous. Wallace, on the Atchison branch of the Rock Island railroad, is the most important business point in Crawford Township. It was platted in 1872, and the last census gives the population at 300. There are two general stores, churches, school, blacksmith shop, hotel and livery. Faucett was platted when the Chicago Great Western railroad extended its line, in 1890, from St. Joseph to Kansas City, and named in honor of Robert Faucett, the miller. There is a population of about 200, a school, depot, two general stores, a church, school and a large grain elevator. * * * BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP.— Among the first settlers of what is now Bloomington Township was Hiram Roberts, who came in 1836, and who escaped the military raiders. Bloomington is the second township of the southern tier west of the river. The popula- tion is about 1,500. Other early settlers were Cornelius Roberts, 1837; Isom Gardner, Amos Horn, John Underwood, Holland Jones, Thomas Hickman, William Hickman, William Ballow, Matt Geer, Hai-din Hamilton, Mrs. Sally Davis, F. D. Davis, Thomas Hill, Major Francis Drake Bowen, Stephen Field, James Hamilton and Isaac Van Hoozier, 1837; Zachariah, Uriah, John, William and Lewis Garten 1838; Michael Gabbard, 1838; Benjamin Yocum, Kentucky, 1839; Richard Murphy, 1839; Robert M. Stewart, New York, afterwards governor of Missouri, 1839; Joel Hedgepeth, 1839; James ElHson Wm. Moore, David Brown, William Clasby, Benjamin Sampson Abraham and William Womack, J. P. Pettigrew, Fountain and Rice McCubbin and James G. Finch, 1839. DeKalb, the postoffice, trading point and voting precinct, is a prosperous (town, nicely located on the Atchison branch of the Rock Island railroad, and well equipped with schools, churches, etc. The 70 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. town was platted by James G. Finch in 1839, and is the oldest in the county, Sparta not having been platted until 1840 and St Joseph no until 1843. Finch had an idea that the county seat would be located there, and so he laid off his town around a contemplated court house square. When Sparta was chosen as the seat of justice Fmch left in disgust. The quarter section containing the town site was afterwards entered by Oliver Norman, who deeded to each settler the lot he oc- cupied. DeKalb was always a good trading point, and is so to-day. ihe town is not incorporated, though there is a population of about 600. There is a newspaper (the Record), a bank, two general stores, hotel, an extensive hardware and implement house, drug store, blacksmiths, harnessmakers, barbers, etc. RUSH TOWNSHIP. — This is the extreme southwestern town- ship in the county, and its western boundary is the Missouri River. William AlHson, John Allison and James Canter located in 1837 ; John Seips, Eli Seips, Mitchell Owen, John Utt, Colonel Wells, Henry Hayes, Sylvester Hays, Morris Baker, James Carpenter, Anthony Graves, John Flannery, 1839. There are two postoffices and voting precincts in the township— Rushville and Winthrop— and the population of the township is given in the last census at 1,653. Rushville was platted in 1847 by Perman Hudson and James Leachman upon a quarter section that had been entered in 1839 by John Flannery. Five railroads pass through the town— the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, Hannibal & St. Joseph, Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs and Missouri Pacific. There is a population of about 500 and the town is incor- porated. There are three general stores, an implement house, drug store, hotel, blacksmith, etc. ; also schools and churches. Winthrop was once a prosperous place, but the ravages of the river and the departure of the industries that once flourished have reduced it to a comparatively insignificant point. The quarter sec- tion upon which Winthrop is located was entered by George Million in 1839. MIlHon operated a ferry across the river to the point where Atchison is now located. The town company was formed in i8S7) and Senator Pomeroy of Kansas was one of the incorporators. The place was named in honor of Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts colony. There were at one time two extensive pork packing plants in operation. The larger one was erected by Fowler Brothers ir BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 71 1879, at a cost of $150,000, and the smaller one by Smith, Farlow & Co., of Quincy. The Fowlers moved their plant to Kansas City after operating for something over a year. There were several causes for this ; one that the bridge rates were exorbitant, another the flings of an Atchison newspaper at the pecvtliarities of the resident Fowler, whose manners were European, and a third that Kansas City offered high inducements. Perhaps all three reasons are entitled to weight, but the last was doubtless the prime cause of th'e removal. Kansas City was making a special offer for packing houses. The Fowlers were offered ground and buildings, and the offer was ac- cepted. The Winthrop house was dismantled and afterward de- stroyed by the elements. As the Fowlers killed about 3,000 hogs daily, the loss by their departure was great, not only to Winthrop, but to Atchison as well. The packing house of Smith, Farlow & Co. was built in 1880 at a cost of $60,000, and had a capacity of about 1,000 hogs daily. It was operated for about four years by the builders, and at different times subsequently by other parties. The plant is idle now. There were stock yards, freight depots, lumber yards, saloons and numerous business houses in those days, and there was quite a speculation in Winthrop town lots in 1879 ^^^ 1880. Prior to the construction of the Atchison bridge, which was opened in September of 1874, there was a steam ferry, the Ida, owned by Dr. Challiss of Atchison, and also a railroad transport boat, the Wm. M. Osborn. In 1884, the northern portion of Winthrop went into the river, and the ravages of the flood were so great as to necessitate the abandonment of a railroad station between Winthrop and Rushvillc, called "Paw-Paw." For over three years trains were run to Sugar Lake, where Armour station was erected, and thence to Atchison. Last year, however, the Rock Island and Santa Fe companies built tracks along the old route and their trains no longer go to Armour. The census of 1890 shows a population of 490 for Winthrop, but there are not that number now by half. The postoffice is called East Atchison. There are two general stores, blacksmiths, saloon and drug store. LAKE TOWNSHIP.— This is the smallest township in the county. It lies north of Rush and west of Wayne, and has the Mis- souri River for its western boundary. The earliest settlers were from Bartholomew County, Indiana, and the following came in 1841 : Wil- 72 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. liam McHammer, Henry Siebert, Nathaniel Wilson, James McKin- ney, John, James and Thomas McGalHard, James Wilson and Eh Gabbert. The population of Lake Township is about 300. The votmg pre- cinct is at Wilson's school house, and the postoffice at Hall's, in Wayne Township. * * * WAYNE TOWNSHIP.— Peter Price was among the first set- tlers, coming in 1837, and Isaac Lower of Tennessee came at about the same time. Samuel Hawley and Jesse Hawley of Indiana came in 1839; William Dunning, North Carolina, 1839; Daniel Devorss, Ohio, 1839. Wayne Township is bounded on the west by Lake Township and the river, on the south by Bloomington, on the east by Center and on the north by Washington. There are three voting precincts- Hall's, Lake Station and Yeakley's school house. The population of the township is about 1,200. Hall's, the principal trading point in the township, is about mid- way between St. Joseph and Atchison. There are two railroad depots, two general stores, postoffice, church, blacksmith, etc. The place was formerly called Eveline. The population is about 100. Kenmoor is a small point of the Rock Island road, two miles northeast of Hall's. It was founded by Warren Samuel of St. Joseph. There is a depot and general store. Lake Station, about four miles south of St. Joseph, was formerly a flourishing trading point, but since the extension of business to St. George there is little doing at the Station. CENTER TOWNSHIP.— This was at one time the most prom- ising township in the county, for within its confines were located the first seat of justice and court house. Among the early settlers were Richard Hill, Jesse Reames, Zachariah Waller, Elijah W. Smith, Thomas More, Lucas Dawson and John Martin, who located in 1837. Robert Duncan, William Hunter, Andrew J. Hunter, John Ritchie, James Donovan, John, Samuel and Joseph Hill came in 1839 ; Wil- liam C. Connett, Kentucky, 1839; William Farris, Indiana, 1840; Samuel McCauley, Pennsylvania, 1840 ; H. G. Gordon, James Wood- ward, Evan Jordan, Ransom Ridge, Robert W. Donnell, James Woodward, Martin Hirsch, Samuel and Elbert Gann, John Copeland, 1842. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 73 Center Township is bounded by Wayne, Washington, Agency and Crawford, and has a population of about 1,200. The voting pre- cinct and postoffice, called Adams, is about eight miles southeast ot St. Joseph. Sparta, which was the name of the first county seat, exists on the map only, the ground being now a part of the l^/LcCauley farm. Sparta had a brief existence of six years. It was platted in 1840 and its streets were named Hazel, Prune, Olive, Vine, Market, Chestnut, Cedar, Cherry, Walnut, Main and Harrison. There was the log court house, a tavern, kept by Robert Duncan, several general stores, a saloon and wagon and blacksmith shops. It was only a small town when at the height of its prosperity. During the struggle between Sparta and St. Joseph over the county seat, a newspaper called The Rooster, was published at Sparta. When the county seat was moved to St. Joseph Sparta faded out of existence. Bee Creek is a point about nine miles southeast of St. Joseph, where the Santa Fe and Chicago Great Western railroads join, both using the same track from St. Joseph to this point. Willow Brook is a station on the Chicago Great Western about twelve miles from St. Joseph. A general store and postoffice existed there for some time prior to the coming of the railroad. AGENCY TOWNSHIP.— The population of this township is about 1,000. It is bounded by Washington, Center, Jackson and Tremont, the latter being divided by Platte River. James and Rob- ert Gilmore, Samuel Poteet and Wm. McDowell settled in 1837; James J. Reynolds, 1838; Jacob Reese, North Carolina, 1838; Ben- jamin Moore, Virginia, 1838; Littleberry Estes and Bright Martin, 1838; John Lamb, Robert Gilmore and Richard Fulton, 1839. In the early days there was a road from Clay County to the Blacksnake Hills which crossed the Platte River where the town of Agency now stands. The river was shallow here and could be forded by teams. The agency of the Sac and Fox Indians was located on the west side of the Platte, about where the town now stands, and the point became known as Agency Ford. In 1839, Robert Gilmore es- tablished a ferry, which was afterwards operated by William B. Smith, and continued until the county built a wagon bridge, in 1868. The town of Agency was platted in 1865 by William B. Smith, and the building of the railroad from St. Joseph to Lexington, now a part of the Santa Fe system, gave an impetus to business. Agency is now incorporated, and is in a flourishing condition, the population 74 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. being about 400. There is a bank, two mills, six general stores, school, churches, etc. * * * TREMONT TOWNSHIP.— One of the first settlers of Tremont Township was Ishmael Davis, father of the late R. T. Davis, who located in the spring of 1837 at the edge of Rock House Prairie. The late R. T. Davis is said to have been the first white child born in the county. The following are mentioned as having located prior to 1840: Ambrose McDaniel, George Jeffers, Harold Miller, Robert Irwin, Samuel D. Gilmore, Stephen Bedford, Daniel McCreary, Jacob Schultz, Henry Jones, Creed Herring, M. D. Finch and William P. Mudgett, who was the first postmaster in the township. The Rock House Prairie, in the southern part of this township, was so named from the following circumstances : While the Indians still occupied the county, the route traveled between Clay County and the Indian agency, near Agency Ford, after crossing the Platte River, led over the prairie. On a rocky point of ground, near the resi- dence of Ransom Ridge, the Indians had erected a huge pile of stones, shaped as much as possible in the form of a house. This was known as the Rock House. It stood directly on the road traveled from Agency Ford to Liberty, Clay County, and attracted the atten- tion of every white man who traversed that region, and from this fact, at an early date, the prairie came to be called the Rock House Prairie. Tremont is the extreme eastern of the center tier of townships, and is bounded by Platte, Agency and Marion. Its population is about 1,300. There are two voting precincts — Garretsburg and Frazer — both of which have postoffices. Garretsburg is on a wagon read from St. Joseph, and there is a general store. Frazer is a station on the Lexington branch of the Santa Fe railroad, and also has a gen- eral store. ^ ^ * MARION TOWNSHIP.— This township forms the northeast- ern portion of the county. It is separated from Washington Town- ship by the Platte River and bounded on the south by Tremont. Calvin James, of barbecue fame, was one of the first settlers of •Marion, locating near the present town of Easton in 1837. Benja- min Cornelius, Peter Boyer, James Blakely, Thomas McGowan, Jesse Clark and Barnes Clark came in 1837 and 1838; Caleb Hasenmeyer and the Markers came in 1838; Nicholas Roberts, James Roberts, James McCorkle, 1838; Jacob Kessler, Jacob Wiedmayer, John Wunderhch, Wolfgang Beck, John Slaybaugh, David Davis, Dr John BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 75 Minor, John Davis, Isaac Gibson, William P. Shortridge, Augustus and James Wiley, 1840 and 1844. Marion Township has a population of about 2,000. There are two voting precincts — Easton and San Antonio. Easton, which is one of the three incorporated towns of the county, is located about twelve miles from St. Joseph on the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad. The town was platted in 1854 by E. Don Mc- Crary, who owned four hundred acres of land and who had for some time been operating a general store. The present population is about 400, and there is a mill, several general stores, drug store. Catholic and Protestant churches, school and other conveniences. San Antonio is an old trading point near the central portion of the township. There is a general store and church, and there was formerly a postoffice. New Hurlingen is the trading point of a thriving German com- munity, located in the northeastern portion of the township. There is a general store, postoffice and Catholic church. Platte River bridge and Stockbridge are points on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad, the latter being a postoffice. Clair is at the Platte River crossing of the St. Joseph & Des Moines rail- road, there being a general store and siding. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. — Some of the early farms in Washington Township now form a part of the city of St. Joseph. The following persons are mentioned in history as having settled prior to 1840 : John H. Whitehead, Wm. Whitehead, Henry W. Han- son, James Cochran, Frederick Waymire, William Pugh, Clayborne F. Palmer, A. C. Hyde, Thomas, John and Elisha Sollars, Stephen Parker, Isaac and Michael Miller, James G. Karnes, Alexander Fudge, Leroy Kauffman, Benjamin Williams, Jacob Groschon, Logan Jones, Edward Maxwell, John H. Cox, David Ewing, Wm. Sallee, Joseph Davis, George Coughern, Michael Rogers, F. B. Ker- cheval, Simeon Kemper, Frederick W. Smith, Dr. Daniel Keedy, Bela M. Hughes, Robert I. Boyd, Wm. T. Harris, Joseph Gladden, Samuel C. Hall, John B. Hundley, Richard Gilmore, William P. Richardson and Isadore Poulin.. Washington Township has three justices of the peace and one constable, who are stationed at St. Joseph. There are three post- offices besides St. Joseph — Vories (South Park), St. George and Saxton. 76 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. When the stock yards were opened the St. George town property was placed upon the market. There are a number of stores, hotels, and a good school. The town is not incorporated and the peace is preserved by deputy constables and sheriffs. The county court ap- pointed Wm. R. Hoffman as justice of the peace in December of 1897. Saxton is located six miles east of St. Joseph on the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad. It was named after the late Albe M. Saxton, who donated the ground for a railroad station. A depot, general store and postoffice, church and school are the equipments. There are seven voting precincts in the township : Felling, near the mouth of Roy's Branch; New Ulm school house, Woodbine school house, east of the asylum; Oak Hill school house, Saxton station, St. George and Parnell. CHAPTER VI. EARLY HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH.— THE FUR COM- PANIES.— ROBIDOUX AT ROY'S BRANCH AND BLACKSNAKE HILLS. — FIRST SETTLERS. — THE TOWN PLATTED AND LOTS SOLD.— FIRST BUSINESS HOUSES, HOTELS, CHURCHES, NEWSPAPERS, ETC.— FIRST MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT, AND ORDI- NANCES OF THE TOWN BOARD.— POPULATION AT VARIOUS PERIODS.— THE TRADING POST, THE SET- TLEMENT, THE VILLAGE AND THE TpWN UP TO 1849. The French were the earliest and most successful Indian traders. They settled Canada and the northwestern part of the United States, and also the country about the mouth of the Mississippi. Pierre La- clede Liguest, who is better known in history simply as Pierre Laclede, held by charter from the French government, the exclusive right to trade with the Indians in all the country as far north as St. Peter's River. In 1764 he estabhshed a colony, out of which grew the present city of St. Louis. His followers consisted of daring frontiersmen, who made trading and trapping incursions to the wilder- ness before them, establishing posts at interior points, where peltries were collected and shipped to headquarters. In 1808 the Chouteaus of St. Louis, and others, organized the Missouri Fur Company. In 1813 the Missouri company was merged into the American Fur Company, and the Chouteaus became con- nected with the latter. A vigorous effort was at once made by this company to drive out the independent traders, and Francis Chouteau was sent forth to establish a chain of posts. Among the first posts thus established by Chouteau was one on the Kaw River, about twenty miles from its mouth, and known as the "Four Houses;" also one at the "Bluffs," the present site of Council Bluffs. Joseph Robldoux, of French parentage, born at St. Louis, was a rival trader at the "Bluffs," but in 1822 sold out to the company and agreed to remain away for three years. At the end of that period he 78 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST, JOSEPH. announced his intention of'again going into business at the old stand, but the Fur Company proposed to establish him at the mouth of what is now called Roy's Branch, just above the "Blacksnake Hills," upon a salary of $i,8oo per year, provided he would not interfere with the trade at the "Bluffs." This proposition he accepted, and, with a stock of goods, he landed his keel boats at the mouth of the branch in fall of 1826. Robidoux soon recognized the superiority of a location at the mouth of Blarksnake Cieek, and, in the following spring, moved to this point, where he continued to work for the Fur Company until 1830, when he became the sole proprietor of the trading post which formed the nucleus of the present city of St. Joseph. For many years the solitary log house of Joseph Robidoux was the only evidence of civilized man within a radius of fifty miles. Robi- doux's first house stood near the mouth of Blacksnake. His second, and more pretentious one, occupied the spot where the Occidental Hotel now stands, at the northeast corner of Main and Jule streets. It faced the south, was one and one-half stories high, contained nine rooms, six on the first floor and three on the second, and a covered porch extended along the entire front. Besides, there was a shed on the north side, divided into three rooms, in one of which Robidoux slept. The entire structure was of logs, chinked with mud, and was substantially and correctly built, insuring comfort in all seasons, and being sufficiently formidable to withstand an attack of hostile In- dians, should one be made. Robidoux, however, was a man of peace, and, so far as known, never had difficulties with the red man. He had in his employ about twenty Frenchmen, who made regular trips with mules to the Grand River country and across the Missouri River into what is now Kan- sas and Southern Nebraska, taking with them beads, mirrors, bril- liant cloth and other flummery dear to the heart of the savage, and bringing home peltries and buffalo hides. These were stored and packed, and were shipped to St. Louis in keel boats before the days of the steamboat. In time travelers came and saw the beauties of this section, and, as the tidings went abroad, others came to see and locate. In 1834 several famiHes from Franklin County, consisting of Thomas and Henry Sollars, EHsha Gladden, Mrs. Jane Purget and others, settled near the post. Elisha Gladden, who is still a resident of the city, was at once employed by Robidoux and remained in his service for many years. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 79 For the convenience of those in his employ and the Indians Robi- doux operated a small ferry, consisting of a flat boat. The landing at this side was about where Francis street originally struck the river, and the road led from there southeast to the Agency Ford of the Platte River, where it forked, one branch leading to Liberty, Clay County, and the other to the Grand River country. There were few, if any, additions to the population of the "Black- snake Hills," as Robidoux's post was called, until the completion of the Platte purchase in 1837. When the country was opened for settlement there was a rush of immigration, and the trading post was naturally the objective point. Robidoux secured two quarter sections, embracing what is now designated on the map as Original Town and the various Robidoux additions. Rival trading points sprang up all over the new country between 1837 and 1840. Of Savannah, Amazonia, Bontown, Elizabethtown, Boston and Jimtown, all in Andrew County, the two former alone remain. However, Blacksnake Hills continued to prosper and the population steadily increased. In the fall of 1839 Robidoux agreed to sell the site of Blacksnake Hills to Warren Samuel and two other parties from Independence, Mo., for sixteen hundred dollars in silver. They went home and returned in due time with the money, and also with a plat of the future town. They were Robidoux's guests. During the evening a dispute arose over a trivial matter, which caused Robidoux to decline further negotiations. He had doubtless regretted his part of the bargain and gladly availed himself of this opportunity to cancel the deal at the critical time. However, Robidoux gave or leased ground in small parcels to all who desired to locate, and so there developed quite a settlement. Robidoux engaged in general merchandise and built a flouring mill near the mouth of Blacksnake Creek. Dr. Daniel Keedy, who was the first physician, built a sawmill south of the settlement. In June of 1840 a postoffice was established here and called Blacksnake HiTls, with Jules C. Robidoux, a son of Joseph, as post- master. Among those who came prior to 1840 were Frederick W. Smith, a surveyor, whose name is prominently identified with the subsequent history of the city ; Dr. Daniel Keedy, Joseph Gladden, Polly Dehard, Samuel Hull, John Freeman, John Patchen, James B. O'Toole, Will- iam C. Toole, E'dwin Toole, and others. Of these Judge William C. Toole still lives in the city, and Edwin Toole lives in Montana. The others are dead. 8o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSV.PH. son Among those who came prior to 1843 were William P Richard- ..., Simeon Kemper, Dr. D. Benton, John Corby, Joseph C Hull, Elias Perry, Charles and A. M. Saxton, Rev. T. S. Reeves, Isadore Poulin James W. Whitehead, Lawrence Archer, Benjamm C. Powell, John D. Richardson, Jonathan Levy, Isaac and John Curd, William H Edgar Robert G. Boyd, Thomas Mills; Joseph Davis, Joseph Fisher, Michael Miller, J. G. Kearns, James Highly, Christopher Carbry, Robert W. Donnell and David J. Heaton. Josiah Beattie kept a tavern, where the gospel was also preached by Reverend Reeves. Louis Picard is mentioned as the first car- penter, William Lahgston as the first plasterer, two brothers named Belcher as the first brickmakers, and Jacob Mitchell as the first blacksmith, though Robidoux had a blacksmith regularly employed for many years previous to this time. Though the population was small, Blacksnake Hills was the best trading point in this region, and farmers came long distances to the mills and stores. Sparta was the county seat, but the people were never attracted there, always preferring this point. When the county court appropriated $6,000 for the second court house, in November of 1842, the enterprising people of the Hills at once began to agitate the county seat question, urging that it be moved here. . Robidoux was alive to the importance of this matter and began preparations to form a town. The population was about two hundred at that time, and the business was along the river bank, near the mouth of the Blacksnake. The larger portion of the proposed town- site was then used as a hemp field. As soon as the crop was har- vested Robidoux had surveys and plats made by two rival "surveyors, Frederick W. Smith and Simeon Kemper. Smith named his plat St. Joseph and Kemper named his Robidoux. Smith's plat was selected, taken to St. Louis and recorded on July 26, 1843. The history of St. Joseph therefore begins with July 26, 1843. The town as then platted included all of the territory between Robidoux street on the north, Messanie on the south, Sixth street on the east and the river on the west — fifty-two whole and twelve fractional blocks, the dimensions of each whole block being 240 by 300 feet, bisected by a twelve-foot alley. Robidoux named the streets running back from the river Water, Levee, First (Main), Sec- ond, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth. Those running at right angles he named after members of his family, beginning with Robidoux, then Faraon, Jules, Francis, Felix, Edmond, Charles, Sylvanie, Angelique and Messanie. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 8i The town lots were immediately put upon the market, though Robidoux's title was not perfected until 1847. At that time the land office was located at Plattsburg. The first conveyance of lots was made on July 25, 1843, the day before the plat was recorded, and was a deed of trust to secure to the Chouteaus the payment of a loan of $6,372,57, with interest at the rate of 10 per cent per annum. The educatron of Mrs. Robidoux seems to have been neglected, for the deed of trust was signed : JH. ROBIDOUX. (Seal.) her ANGELIQUE X ROBIDOUX. (Seal.) mark. As sales were made, the money received was applied to the payment of the Chouteau mortgage. The population now increased rapidly, and at the end of the year 1843 there were five hundred people here, as compared with two hundred in the June previous. In the fall there occurred a public sale of town lots, which had been extensively advertised and had attracted a large number of men from the surrounding country. The property was put up at auction. One hundred and fifty lots were sold, and more would have been purchased, but Robidoux wisely closed the sale. The corner lots brought $150 and inside lots $100 each at this sale. It was not until 1845, however, that the town of St. Joseph had a municipal government, as will be shown by the following, which is a copy of the first entry made in the original minute book of the board of trustees : "St. Joseph, Mo., May 8, 1845. "At a meeting of the trustees of the town of St. Joseph, who were elected on Monday, May the Sth, 1845, there were present Joseph Robidoux, Isidore Barada, John F. Carter, Johnson Copeland, Wiley M. English, Sinclair Miller and Benjamin C. Powell. The meeting was organized by calling Joseph Robidoux to the chair and appointing Benjamin F. Loan clerk pro tem. The certificate of election of each of said trustees was submitted to the inspection and action of said meeting. After a careful examination of each of said certificates by said meeting, they were severally received and each of said trustees declared duly elected. Whereupon the said trustees were each sworn to the oath of office and their respective certificates filed with the clerk. The meeting then went into an election of a chairman of the Board, and upon the first ballot Joseph Robidoux receiving six votes, he was duly declared elected chairman of said Board. Said Board then went into an election of officers, 82 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. which resulted in the election of Benjamin F. Loan for clerk and attorney; Howell Thomas for constable and collector; Benjamin C, Powell, treasurer; Charles White, inspector and assessor, and Fred- erick W. Smith, surveyor. On motion of John F. Carter, esq., the chair appointed Messrs. Carter, Barada and Powell a committee to draft and report at the next meeting of the Board of Trustees for adoption, such by-laws and regulations as they shall think proper. Ordered that the Board of Trustees adjourn to meet Thursday, the 15th of May, at 2 o'clock p. m." Joseph Robidoux had a monopoly of the trade until 1843, when Charles and EHas Perry leased from him the small log house which stood on the west side of Blacksnake, and opened a stock of general merchandise. In the fall of that year they built a two-story brick house on Main street, fronting east, where the Sommer-Richardson cracker factory now stands. The brothers Perry became prominent factors in the early commerce of this point. Both are dead. In 1844 Hull & Carter and E. Livermore & Co. also built business hous'es on Main street, between Jule and Francis. Benjamin C. Powell and Jonathan Levy each built a business house on Levee street, and Archie McDonald erected a small brick house on Edmond near Water street, in a portion of the original town which has long been in the river. Robidoux also was a builder, and provided several brick tenements. Israel Landis came in 1844 and opened a saddle and harness shop, west of Blacksnake Creek, but soon moved over to Main street, where business was rapidly centering. WilHam Carter and Aquilla Jones are recorded as early smiths and plowmakers. Philip Werthwine was the village barber; Allendorff & Rhodes kept a meat market, and Horatio Glasgow was the shoemaker. All of these were in the same neighborhood, except Glasgow, who isolated himself and kept a shop on the west side of Blacksnake, at the terminus of a bridge. There was also a ten-pin alley, kept by John Kennedy, and liquor could be bought at several places. The first permanent organization of the Methodist church was perfected in 1844 by Rev. Edward Rob- inson. In 1845 the first three-story building, the Edgar House, was erected at the corner of Main and Francis streets. It is still in a good state of preservation. At about the same time Rev. T S Reeves a Presbyterian clergyman, who was the pioneer Protestant minister^ erected the first church edifice on a lot now occupied by the John onened " Tr ^°"'' "' ^°"''* ^'^^ ^"'^ ^^reets. John Corby opened an office as money lender and general speculator at about the BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 83 same time. Hull & Welding opened a wagon shop and Isadore Barada a bakery. Jonathan Copeland built the first warehouse, near the river bank, between Jule and Water streets. Steamboats, other than those owned and run by the American Fur Company, generally passed about twice a month. The staple product in those days was hemp, and much of it was shipped to St. Louis. How the foundations of some fortunes were laid in the early days may be seen from three transactions. In 1844 John Corby pur- chased the tract of land now known as Corby's Grove, consisting of eighty acres, for the sum of $200. In the same year Albe M. Saxton purchased a section of land one and one-half miles east of the Patec House for i:^ cents per acre. John Patee purchased the tract, 320 acres, which became Patee's addition, for $3,200. In April, 1845, the following were in business here: E. Liver- more & Co., general merchandise; Jules C. Robidoux, who had suc- ceeded his father in business, general merchant; Ross & Harper, general merchants; Hull & Carter, drugs and sundries; Middleton, Perry & Co., general merchants ; Israel Landis, saddler ; John Patee, drugs and medicines ; E. Kemp, gunsmith ; Henry McKee, wines and liquors. There were five physicians — Drs. D. G. Keedy, B. V. Teel, J. Lawrence Page, J. H. Crane and D. Benton. There were four lawyers — Theodore D. Wheaton, George Brubaker, Benjamin Hays and H. L. Routt. It is interesting to note the prices for necessaries that prevailed in those primitive days, when everything not produced at home was shipped from St. Louis by boat. Coffee was 9 cents per pound, flour $4.50 per barrel, corn meal, 50 cents per bushel ; glass, 8 by 10, the common size of window panes in those days, $3.75 per box; gun- powder, $6.50 to $7.50 per keg; molasses, 40 cents per gallon; bacon and hams, 7 cents per pound ; lard, 6J cents per pound ; butter, 7 to 8 cents per pound; cheese, 6 to 12 cents per pound; eggs, 6 cents per dozen; salt, $2.25 per sack; whisky, 23 to 25 cents per gallon; Louisiana sugar, 7 to 8 cents per pound; leaf tobacco, $1.75 per hundred pounds; manufactured tobacco, 10 to 16 cents per pound; tea, 60 cents to $1 per pound. The year 1845 saw the first newspaper issued in St. Joseph. William Ridenbaugh commenced the publication of the Weekly Gazette, the first number of which appeared on April 25. The paper was first edited by Lawrence Archer, a lawyer of ability, and the terms of subscription were $2 per annum if paid in advance, or $3 if paid at the end of the year. 84 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. The Fourth of July was celebrated by the St. Joseph Sunday school in 1845. There was a procession to a grove near the city, where there was music, oratory and feasting. During that year the county seat question was uppermost, the people of St. Joseph making every effort to secure the prize. After several elections, the last of which was held on February 28, 1846, St. Joseph finaly triumphed, and the future of the city was assured. Amusements in those days were "home made." The "St. Joseph Thespian Society," composed of local amateurs, presented theatricals, and there were occasional lectures and magic lantern shows. How- ever, in May of 1846, the circus of Hawes & Mabie visited the village and was well patronized. St. Joseph is to this day partial to the circus. Quite a number of Mormons had located in St. Joseph and vicinity in 1845, and that their presence was not desirable is evident from a notice, signed by Samuel C. Hall, which was served upoti them, and in which they were advised to "seek some other home, as there is considerable excitement existing against them." In the Gazette of July 17, 1846, are published several ordinances which are of interest. By Ordinance No. 37 the Board of Trustees ordains : "(i) That there shall be levied, in addition to the taxes im- posed by the provisions of the second section of Ordinance No. 35, a tax of one-third of i per cent on the assessed value of all live- stock, including horses, cattle, hogs and kine of every description, without distinction of age, which may be found within the corporate limits at the time of assessment and belonging to persons living in the corporate limits of the town of St. Joseph. (2) All manner of mules, horses and stock kept in the town of St. Joseph, though with- out the limits of the town at the time of assessment, for temporary purposes, are hereby declared subject to the above tax. (3) Every slave which is hired in the town of St. Joseph shall be liable to a tax of one-third of i per cent on his or her assessed value, to be collected of the owner." By Ordinance No. 37 the Board of Trustees ordains : "(i) That all the space of ground lying on the east bank of the Missouri River in the town of St. Joseph, commencing at the north side of Jule street, where it strikes said river, and extending one hundred and fifty feet south, and back east to a line parallel with the front of Johnson Copeland's, is hereby declared a steamboat landing. (2) That hereafter no flat or wood boat, raft or water craft of any de- scription (except steamboats) shall lie or be stationed within the BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 85 limits above specified, nor shall any load or loads of freight of any kind be landed from any such craft upon the shore within said limits. A penalty of not less than $5 is provided." The Gazette supports Willard P. Hall of Buchanan County as the regular nominee for Congress in 1846. James H. Birch of Platts- bur.i?^ was an independent candidate, and of the two men the Gazette warns the Democrats to stand by the regular nominee. "To the Democrats of this district we have this to say," quoth the editor, "that the nominee must be sustained ; the organization of the party must be maintained; union and harmony must prevail, or we must inevitably at every election realize trouble and at very many suffer defeat. Shall it be so?" Though this sentiment appeared in the Gazette over half a century ago, it still does good service during campaigns. In the same isue of the Gazette a number of candidates are announced. The election was held in August then. Dr. Daniel G. Keedy, James H. Ashbaugh, Captain Henry McKee and A. D. McDonald are candidates for the legislature. Captain Henry H. Moss, Captain Augustus Wylie and J. F. Hamilton are candidates for sheriff. William A. McDonald and Milton H. Wash are can- didates for the office of clerk of the circuit court, and Captain F. B. Kercheval is a candidate for the- county clerkship. Benjamin F. Loan, Levi T. Carr, Joseph J. Wyatt, James B. Hull and V. Tullar are candidates for the office of justice of the peace of Washington Township. Allen Mansfield, P. N. Smith and Samuel Martin offer themselves for constable, and William Ridenbaugh, the editor, closes the list with the modest statement that he has yielded to the solicita- tions of his friends and become a candidate for the office of coroner. The advertisements of the following firms appear in the same issue of the Gazette : Israel Landis, saddles and harness ; Todd & Richardson, drugs; Holladay & Somerville, drugs, E. Livermore & Co., general; M. M. & G. T. Moss, general; David S. Skaggo, saddles and harness ; Thomas H. Larkin, forwarding and commission merchant; C. F. Emery, painter and paper hanger; Wylie M. Eng- lish, saddler; L. Halloran, general; I. Barada, fancy groceries and liquors; William P. Flint, physician; Hull & Carter, drugs. J. W. Glasgow advertises for sale his tannery, jvhich was located on Black- snake. Joseph Robidoux warns his debtors that if they do not pay up promptly their accounts will be put into the hands of an officer for collection. Two weddings are announced in that issue. John Angel, who died recently, was married to Miss Eugenia Robidoux 86 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. by Rev. J. T. Higginbotham, and Mansfield Carter was married to Miss McClelland by Justice Hall. Among the news items it is stated that the "Clermont No. 2" passed up the river for the mouth of the Yellowstone, and that seven Mackinaw boats passed down, loaded with furs, etc., for the American Fur Company. In December of 1846 a census of St. Joseph was taken, which showed a population of 936. Of these 142 were males under ten year of age, 81 males between ten and twenty-one years, 257 males over forty-five males, 124 females under ten years, 85 females between ten and twenty-one years, 175 females over twenty years, 2^ male slaves, 43 female slaves, and two free negroes. Times were quite lively in St. Joseph in 1847. New mercantile houses had been established and all old firms had enlarged ; the spirit of internal improvement came over the people, and they were looking forward to considerable industrial progress. The first Catholic church was built in 1847 at Fifth and Felix streets. The years 1848 and 1849 saw many hopes fulfilled, and it is recorded that from March to September of the latter year one hun- dred and forty-three buildings were erected. Among them was the first brewery, built by Joseph Kuechle. The Adventure, a Whig newspaper, was started in 1848 by E. Livermore. CHAPTER VII. THE DAYS OF '49 AND THE OVERLAND PERIOD.— CALI- FORNIA EMIGRATION— ST. JOSEPH AS THE START- ING POINT AND SUPPLY DEPOT. — WAITING FOR GRASS.— LINING UP FOR DINNER. — A LANDLORD WHO KNEW HIS BUSINESS.— FREIGHTING BY WAG- ON.— THE OVERLAND STAGE AND THE PONY EX- PRESS. St. Joseph was now on the eve of the next important period in its history. Early in the spring of 1849 began the rush to Cali- fornia. As a starting point St. Joseph offered advantages which no other place possessed. There was at that time a population of 1,900 and there were nineteen well-equipped stores in operation, with an aggregate stock of $400,000. Among the merchants of that period was the late Milton Tootle. In addition there were two flouring mills, two steam saw mills, nine blacksmith shops, four wagon shops, two tinners, two extensive saddle and harness manufactories, etc. There were also two ferries. Scarcely a day in February and March passed that did not bring a large number of emigrants, and the Gazette of March 30, 1849, states that at that time there were upwards of five hundred people camped about the city, awaiting the appearance of grass. The next month saw this number doubled. Grass came early that year, and the emigrants got away promptly. On May 7, 1849, the St. Joseph Mining Company, the first reg- ularly organized company of men, left for California. Samuel John- son, A. D. McDonald, Joel Ryan, John Lewis, James Andrews, John and James Somerfield, B. D. Ellett, Edward Banall, J. W. Jones, Thomas Faucett, Michael Cameron, Samuel Wilson, Francis Brubaker, John F. McDowell, T. F. Warner, D. H. and M. F. Moss and James Kirkwood were among the number, and all did well. From April ist to June 15th, 1849, i)5o8 wagons crossed on the ferries from St. Joseph. Estimating four men to the wagon, this would make 6,032 emigrants. At Duncan's ferry, four miles above St. Joseph, 685 wagons crossed. At other ferries as far north as 88 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. Council Bluffs, 2,000 crossed, and 10,000 crossed at Independence. It is estimated that 27,000 men and 38,000 mules and oxen left these points during that time. In 1850 the overland emigration exceeded 100,000, and it is esti- mated that over one-half of the emigrants left from St. Joseph. As the spring was later by a month than was expected, forty to fifty thousand people were encamped in and for miles around the town, in tents and wagons. In the fall of 1849 the Occidental Hotel was built by William Fowler and rented to Major James Vaughn. In his reminiscences Colonel John Doniphan describes Major Vaughn as a jolly, rubicund landlord, who extended a Virginia welcome to all his guests; who, apparently, never slept, and who never permitted a stranger to drink alone. He had an inexhaustible stock of stories and was a marvelous raconteur. The line from the dining room often extended across Jule street and curved up Second, and dinner often con- tinued from 12 to 4 o'clock. Meals were one dollar each, as this was the best hotel in town, and a man stood at the dining room door to collect in advance. In 1849 the emigrants by steamboat brought cholera here, but, although a few isolated cases occurred, there were no deaths. The disease was, however, communicated to the Indians across the river, and claimed many victims among the Sacs and Foxes and other tribes. In 185 1 cholera was epidemic at many of the towns on the Missouri, and there were several cases in St. Joseph in May of that year. By 1851 the California fever had considerably abated. The in- crease of steamers on the Missouri River caused a competition in prices to such an extent that emigrants and freight were carried to' Council Bluffs and Florence, a Mormon settlement six miles above Council Bluffs, 5n the west side of the river, at the same figures v/hich had obtained to St. Joseph during the two previous years. Those going by Florence saved over two hundred miles of land travel and avoided crossing both the Missouri and Big Platte Rivers. The route was generally via Kearney, Laramie, Echo Canyon and Webber River, through Salt Lake. After 1850, oxen were largely used to draw the heavy trains, as experience had taught that they were less Hable to loss from stampede and alkali water, stood travel better, and were more valuable at the end of the trip. The number of emigrants leaving St. Joseph in 1851 and 1852 was comparatively small. The Indians, too, had proved more annoying, and great care and vigilance were required. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 89 St. Joseph and Savannah sent out large ventures. Among those interested were James McCord, Richard E. Turner and the late Dudley M. Steele, all of whom figured prominently in the later commercial history of St. Joseph. Many cattle were driven from this state and sold for beef in the mining camps and at San Francisco. A few months' grazing in the Sacramento bottoms generally put them in fine condition for slaughter. In 1852 Charles A. and Elias H. Perry crossed over 1,000 head at Amazonia, and the latter accom- panied them to California, realizing large profits. Many wagon trains were loaded at St. Joseph with provisions and wares of various kinds and taken to Salt Lake and other Western points. The freighting business soon grew to immense proportions, St. Joseph being the supply depot for the outlying civ- ilization. From this grew the wholesale business of St. Joseph, which is today among the greatest in the West. The necessities of the case brought forth the overland stage. People who travel to California in cushioned cars in these days can have but little conception of this gigantic enterprise and its offspring, the pony express. The first contract to transfer the mails to Salt Lake from the Missouri River was let to Samuel Woodson of In- dependence, in 1850. The intervening country was a wilderness more than a thousand miles in breadth, occupied by Indians and buffalo, and it required a high quality of nerve to invest money in such an undertaking. The next contract was let to John M. Hockaday, also of Mis- souri, who ran stages out of St. Joseph, striking the government road at Kennekuk, Kansas, near the site of Horton. Hockaday received $190,000 annually for carrying a weekly mail. He sold out to Rus- sell, Majors & Waddell. The "Pony Express" was inaugurated and operated by this firm. The following facts concerning this celebrated venture are taken from a sketch by W. T. Bailey, which appeared in the Century Magazine of November, 1898, and^ from an article prepared by Colonel John Doniphan for McCIure's Magazine In the fall of 1854, United States Senator W. M. Gwin of Cal- ifornia made the trip from San Francisco east en route to Washing- ton, D. C, on horseback, by the way of Salt Lake and South Pass, then known as the Central Route. For a part of the way he had for company Mr. B. F. Ficklin, general superintendent of the freight- ing firm of Russell, Majors and Waddell. Out of this traveling companionship grew the pony express. Mr. Ficklin's enthusiasm for closer communication with the East go was BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. „„. contagious, and Senator Gwin became an untiring advocate of an express service via this route and on the lines suggested by Mr. Ficklin. While at this time there were three transcontinental mail routes to California, the great bulk of the mail was sent byway of Panama on a twenty-two day schedule from New York to San Francisco. The Butterfield Route carried some through mail, while the Central Route and Chorpenning lines caried only local mail. California by this time held a large and enterprising popula- tion. While the Union men were in the majority, the Southern sym- pathizers were numerous and aggressive, and were making every effort to carry the state out of the Union. To the Union men the existing arrangements were far from satisfactory ; for it was evident that both the Southern Stage Route and the Panama Route would be liable to interruption upon the opening of hostilities, and, besides, it was of the utmost importance that quicker communication be had with the Washington authorities. \ Called to Washington in connection with their government contracts, Mr. Russell, the head of the firm of Russell, Majors & Waddell, met Senator Gwin, and was approached by him on the sub- ject of increased mail facilities via the Central Route. Mr. Russell hurriedly returned West. Meeting his partners, Mr. Majors and Mr. Waddell, at Fort Leavenworth, he laid the project before them. These gentlemen, while appreciating the force of the arguments advanced, could not see even expenses in the undertaking, and consequently objected to it. But Mr. Russell still insisted that the project would eventually lead up to a paying proposition, and, further, said that he was committed to Senator Gwin and his friends. This latter settled the matter, for the word of this firm, once given, was to them as binding as their written obligation, and they unitedly threw their whole energy and resources into the carrying out of the pledge made by one of their members. Committed to the enterprise, the firm proceeded to -organize the Central Overland California and Pike's Peak Express Company, obtaining a charter under the State laws of Kansas. The stage line from Atchison to Salt Lake City was turned over by the firm to the new company, who purchased Chorpenning's mail contract and stage outfit, then oper- ating a monthly line between Salt Lake City and Sacramento, and the franchise and equipment of the Leavenworth and Pike's Peak Express, organized in 1859, then operating a daily stage line between BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 91 Leavenworth and Denver, via the Smoky Hill Route, now covered by the Kansas division of the Union Pacific. The company had an established route with the necessary sta- tions between St. Joseph and Salt Lake City. Chorpenning's line west of Salt Lake City had few or no stations, and these had to be built ; also some changes in the route were considered advisable. The service comprised sixty agile young men as riders, pne hundred ad- ditional station-keepers, and four hundred and twenty strong, wiry horses. So well did those in charge understand their business that only sixty days were required to make all necessary arrangements for the start. April 3, i860, was the date agreed upon, and on tha: day the first pony express left St. Joseph and San Francisco. In March, i860, the following advertisement had appeared in the Mis- souri Republican of St. Louis and in other papers : "To San Francisco in eight days by the C. O. C. & P. P Ex. Co. The first courier of the Pony Express will leave the Missouri River on Tuesday, April 3d, at p. m., and will run regularly weekly hereafter, carrying a letter mail only. The point on the Mo. River will be in telegraphic connection with the east and will be announced in due time. "Telegraphic messages from all parts of the United States and Canada in connection with the point of departure will be received up to 5 p. m. of the day of leaving and transmitted over the Placer- ville & St. Jo to San Francisco and intermediate points by the con- necting express in eight days. The letter mail will be delivered in San Francisco in ten days from the departure of the express. The express passes through Forts Kearney, Laramie, Bridger, Great Salt Lake City, Camp Floyd, Carson City, The Washoe Silver Mines, Placerville and Sacramento, and letters for Oregon, Washington Territory, British Columbia, the Pacific Mexican ports, Russian pos- sessions. Sandwich Islands, China, Japan and India will be mailed in San Francisco. Special messengers, bearers of letters to connect with the express of the 3d of April, will receive communications for the cour- ier of that day at 481 loth St., Washington City, up to 2 145 p. m. of Friday, March 30th, and New York at the office of J. B. Simpson, Room 8, Continental Bank Building, Nassau St., up to 6 :5o p. m. of 31st of March. "Full particulars can be obtained on application at the above places and from the agents of the company." The start from St. Joseph was made at 5:30 o'clock p. m., directly after the arrival of the Hannibal & St. Joseph train from the east There is some dispute as to who was the first rider. Mr. Bailey states that it was Henry Wallace, and Charles Cliff of this city, who was one of the regular riders of the Pony Express, states that it was 92 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. Johnny Fry. The popular bdief in St. Joseph is that Fry is entitled to the credit. The start proper was made from the ongmal Pike s Peak Stables, which stood south of Patee Park, and which have smce been replaced by a structure bearing the same name. A large crowd was collected about the stables and the Patee House. The rider started for the local office of the express company on north Sec- ond street at the firing of a cannon. Here he received his dispatches and, without delay, rode to the ferryboat in waiting. At Elwood he met with another popular ovation, and galloped westward, followed by the cheers of the multitude. From San Francisco the start was made at the same hour, a steamer being used to Sacramento, where the pony service really began. From there the first rider, Harry Roff, left at 12 midnight. The distance between St.. Joseph and Sacramento was covered in 232 hours. Riders out of St. Joseph went as far as Seneca, mak- ing the sixty miles in eight hours, and stopping for meals at Kenne- kuk. There were four stations between St. Joseph and Seneca. John Fry, John Burnett, Jack Keetly, Charles Cliff and Gus Cliff rode out of St. Joseph. Of these but two survive. Keetly lives in Montana and Charles Cliff in this city. They received $400 per annum and, maintenance. While in St. Joseph they were quartered at the Patee House. All the riders were young men selected^ for their nerve, light weight, and general fitness. No effort was made to uniform them, and they dressed as their individual fancy dictated, the usual costume being a buckskin hunting shirt, cloth trousers tucked into a pair of high boots, and a jockey cap or slouch hat. All rode armed. At first a Spencer rifle was carried strapped across the back, in addition to a pair of army (Colt's) revolvers in their holsters.- The rifle, however, was found useless, and was abandoned. The equip- ment of the horses was a light riding saddle and bridle, with the saddle-bags, or "mochila," of heavy leather. These had holes cut in them so that they would fit over the horn and tree of the saddle. The mochilas had four pockets, called "cantinas," one in each corner, so as to have one in front and one behind each leg of the rider ; in these the mail was placed. Three of these pockets were locked and opened enroute at military posts and at Salt Lake City, and under no cir- cumstances at any other place. The fourth was for way-stations, for which each station-keeper had a key, and also contained a way-bill, or time-card, on which a record of arrival and departure was kept. The same mochila was transferred from pony to pony and from rider to BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 93 rider until it was carried from one terminus to the other. The letters, before being placed in the pockets, were wrapped in oiled silk to pre- serve them from moisture.. The maximum weight of any one mail was twenty pounds ; but this was rarely reached. The charges were originally $5 for each letter of one half-ounce or less ; but afterward this was reduced to $2.50 for each letter not exceeding one half-ounce, this being in addition to the regular United States postage. Specially made light-weight paper was generally used to reduce the expense. Special editions of the Eastern newspapers were printed on tissue- paper to enable them to reach subscribers on the Pacific coast. This, however, was more as an advertisement, there being little demand for them at their necessarily large price. At first, stations averaged twenty-five miles apart, and each rider covered three stations, or seventy-five miles, daily. Later, stations were estabhshed at intermediate points, reducing the distance between them, in some cases, to ten miles, the distance between stations being regulated by the character of the country. This change was made in the interest of quicker time, it having been demonstrated that horses could not be kept at the top of their speed for so great a distance a3 twenty-five miles. At the stations, relays of horses were kept, and the station-keeper's duties included having a pony ready bridled and saddled half an hour before the express was due. Upon approaching a station, the rider would loosen the mochila from his saddle, so that he could leap from his pony as soon as he reached the station, throw the mochila over the saddle of the fresh horse, jump on, and ride off. Two minutes was the maximum time allowed at stations, whether it was to change riders or horses. At relay-stations where riders were changed the incoming man would unbuckle his mochila before arriv- ing, and hand it to his successor, who would start off on a gallop as soon as his hand grasped it. Time was seldom lost at stations. Station-keepers and relay-riders were always on the lookout. In the daytime the pony could be seen for a considerable distance, and at night a few well-known yells would bring everything into readiness in a very short time. As a rule, the riders would do seventy-five miles over their route west-bound one day, returning over the same dis- tance with the first east-bound express. The great feat of the pony-express service was the delivery of President Lincoln's inaugural address in 1861. Great interest was felt in this all over the land, foreshadowing as it did the policy of the administration in the matter of the rebellion. In order to establish a record, as well as for an advertisement, the company determined to 94 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. break all previous records, and to this end horses were led out from the stations so as to reduce the distance each would have to run, and get the highest possible speed out of every animal. Each horse aver- aged only ten miles, and that at its very best speed. Every precau- tion was taken to prevent delay, and the result stands without a paral- lel in history: seven days and seventeen hours — one hundred and eighty-five hours — for 1,950 miles, an average of 10.7 miles per hour. From St. Joseph to Denver, 665 miles were made in two days and twenty-one hours, the last ten miles being accomplished in thirty-one minutes. After running for seventeen months, the Pony Express closed in 1861, Edward Creighton having completed a telegraph line from Omaha to Sacramento. At the time of its death the express was owned by Ben Holladay, who had acquired the stage line of Russell, Majors & Waddell, and was operating out of St. Joseph. The freighting business and stage lines continnued until driven out by the railroads. In 1861 Holladay ran the line from St. Joseph direct to California. The first coach left on July i and arrived at Placerville July 18, and the first through passenger was Major Sim- mington, one of the editors of the San Francisco Bulletin. CHAPTER VIII. A REVIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF ST. JOSEPH FROM THE OVERLAND PETIIOD TO THE PRESENT TIME.— THE EFFORTS IN BEHALF OF "PATEETOWN".— EF- FECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR AND SEVERAL FINAN- CIAL DISTURBANCES.— THE BOOM OF 1886 AND THE RESULTS.— THE NEW ERA AND WHAT IT PROMISES. The impetus given St. Joseph by the overland emigration and freighting caused the town to make rapid strides up to 1861, at which time a population of 11,000 was claimed and many substantial public improvements were shown. The streets were paved with macadam, bridges had been built across the different creeks that coursed through the city and considerable grading had been done in the hills. Besides being a supply point for overland freighters, St. Joseph was a hemp and grain market of prominence, and pork packing had be- come an inportant industry. When the Hannibal & St. Joseph road became a fact business, which had heretofore closely hugged the river and market square, 'began to look to the southeast. John Patee was one of the foremost citizens of the place. He had platted his land in an early day, and when the Hannibal & St. Joseph road was projected had donated a strip of forty acres for terminal and depot purposes. This land stretches from Olive street south to Mitchell avenue, west of Eighth street. In the firm belief that the future St. Joseph would build up around the railroad terminals, and with the assurance that the depot would be located at Penn street, Mr. Patee built a magnificent hotel, which cost him about $180,000, and which was then the second largest and best appointed hostelry in the United States. However, he was somewhat disappointed, for the depot was located at Eighth and Olive streets. "Pateetown," as that section of the city was nick-named, grew rapidly after the completion of the railroad in 1859. A market house was built at Tenth and Lafayette streets, which still stands ; business houses and hotels sprang up on Eighth and Tenth streets, south of 96 .BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ^ Olive, and there was lively traffic. But the people up town were not idle either, for prosperity was ruling there too. Many brick business ■-onuses were built ; among them the Pacific House, the Odd T^ellow building at Fifth and Felix streets. Turner Hall, and several blocks on Felix, Edmond, Francis and Fourth streets. The town was spread- ing out. Graders were busy leveling the hills and filling up the val- leys, and the residence portion was being beautified with good homes. Public improvements were confined mostly to grading the streets and to building bridges over the crooked creeks that coursed through the city. Smith's branch, which headed near the upper end of Fred- erick avenue, came down that street, crossed lots to and followed the course of Buchanan avenue, touched Faraon and Jule streets and flowed southwest to Eighth near Edmond street, thence across lots between the Kuechle brewery and Tui-ner Hall to Sixth and Mes- sanie streets, thence south to where the gas plant is located, below Olive street, and thence west to the river. Though there was not much water ordinarily, there was a deep ravine which was often filled with a wild torrent v/hen the rains were heavy. This creek was bridged wherever the travel demanded, and so likewise were Black- snake and Liniment creeks. St. Joseph had progressive men at the head of affairs in those days. The people responded to every call, both from their private resources and with the public funds, and bonds were voted with a recklesness that is astonishing in these conservative iaye. Any project that knocked for admittance was welcomed heartily, and led at once to the open purse. Some of this liberaHty is still being atoned for by the innocent taxpayer. From 1861 to 1865 — the rebellion period — St. Joseph, like other cities and the country in general, went backwards. Business was paralyzed, labor was unemployed and all conditions were disturbed. The growth and decline of the city is best illustrated by the values of real estate. In 1851 the assessed valuation was $651,000; in 1852, $784,000; in 1856, $1,040,653; in 1857, $3,313,000, and in i860, $5,126,249. From the depressing effects of the rebellion the values fell in 1861 $1,859,224 below i860. In 1862 a decline of $810,384 from the previous year was noted, and in 1864 the entire assessed valuation was only $3,384,145. Subsequently matters began to look up again. In 1866 the valuation reached $5,426,600, and in 1868 it was $7,000,000. After the war St. Joseph made marvelous progress. During th§ first two years 3,000 buildings were erected. The era of prosperity «^^i>ii#" :!:h;:',!^!lii 2 w BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 97 continued until the panic of 1873. During that period the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad was extended north, the St. Joseph & St. Louis (now Santa Fe) road was built from Rich- mond, the St. Joseph & Denver City (Grand Island) was extended west, and the St. Joseph & Topeka was built from Wathena to Doniphan. This road was operated by the Burlington com- pany for a time and was afterwards abandoned. The first street car line was also built in 1866, from Mitchell avenue and Eleventh street to the Pacific Hotel. In the latter sixties there was much street improvement and many miles of macadam were laid. During the same period the first attempt at sewering was made. The creek known as Bush branch,, which meandered from the neighborhood of Hall and Bush streets^ by a devious course to Fifth and Francis, was partially covered. Among the prominent manufacturing industries was the starch fac- tory, which has long since disappeared. Recovering from the stagnation caused by the panic of 1873 and' the grasshopper years, St. Joseph began a steady march of progress, which has continued up to the present. However, notwithstanding the fact that business the country over Was paralyzed by the panic of 1873, there are local monuments to activity in building during the period of depression. The Missouri river bridge was completed in May of 1873. The court house, city hall, Tootle's opera house and asylum No. 2 were built in 1873-74. In 1874 the first telephones were put in. In the same and during subsequent years the Charles street and Smith branch sewers were built and the Bush branch sewer extended down Fifth to Charles- street. In 1876 the Union street railway was built to New Ulm park, from Market square, and in 1878 the narrow gauge street cars were put upon Frederick; avenue. Matters generally were looking up again by this time. In 1877-78 the St. Joseph & Des Moines narrow gauge road was built. In 1878 the Board of Trade was organized. At the close of the decade the Krugs, Hax Bros., A. O. Smith, David Pinger and Connett Bros, were packing pork on a large scale, and at the Union stock yards, on South Tenth street, there was a market in lively competition with Kansas City. In 1880 the Missouri Pacific began to run trains into St. Joseph, and the next four years marked a period of steady progress. In 1880 the site of the old Odd Fellows' hall and Hax's furniture store at Fifth and Felix streets, whichhad been destroyed by fire, were cov- * =K * 98 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ered with the splendid buildings of the present. The Odd Fellows' building and Hax's faced Fifth street before the fire, the former being occupied by BaiTey, Townsend & Co. The Faulhaber, Bergman and Stone buildings soon completed this block. R. L. McDonald built on Fourth and Francis streets at about the same time, and the imposing block of wholesale houses on Fourth street, north of him, followed at short intervals. The Turner-Frazer building, at Third and Charles streets, went up in 1881, and Nave & McCord built in 1882. The Tootle building on Fourth, between Felix and Francis streets, the large building at the northwest corner of Fifth and Edmond streets, and the Union depot, were built during the first eighties. The Cham- ber of Commerce, the Saxton building at Fourth and Francis streets, the Tootle building at Sixth and Francis streets, and the general offices of the Burlington railroad were built during 1883-84. Real estate values were remarkably low in St. Joseph up to 1886. A wave of speculation swept the country at) about that time, and, though St. Joseph did not escape the craze, she suffered less than her neighbors from the reaction. On the contrary, the city was, generally speaking, benefited. From a complaisant lethargy there sprang en- ergy, progressiveness and confidence. Values went up, outside cap- ital was attracted, and to the conservatives there was unfolded a fu- ture of-which there had been many early prophecies. The first five months of 1886 saw real estate speculation at its height. Addition upon addition was platted and people scrambled to obtain lots at the first sale — to "get in on the ground floor," as the saying was. Real estate agents were without number, and on Francis street there was a Real Estate Exchange, where property was listed on the blackened walls of a store room. Among the first new addi- tions upon the market early in the boom was St. Joseph Eastern Ex- tension, then came Saxton Heights, Wyatt Park, McCool's, Walk- er's and others. Suburban property had the call of the speculators. As an evi- dence of the permanent benefits of the real estate flurry one need but to compare the city of 1886 with the city of the present. At that time there were not more than fifty houses east of Twenty-second street, and few between that and Eighteenth street. All was in grass and of no value except to the dairymen, who pastured their cows there- on. McCool's and Walker's additions, on the north, were in small farms or vacant. Now Wyatt Park is a populous suburb of modern dwellings ; there is a street railway, there are paved streets, city water, churches, schools, fire protection, etc. The other additions likewise show up well. As a result of the boom the Wyatt Park, the Jule BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 99 street and the Messanie street lines of electric cars are running today. As a result of the boom Krug Park and the city parks were opened and beautified. As a result of the boom St. Joseph has now many miles of streets paved with asphaltum, brick and macadam. And there is much more that might be added. From 1885 to 1893 was the most momentous period in the city's history. To what has been mentioned above may be added the Rock Island railway, east and west ; the Chicago Great Western, north and south ; the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, and the St. Joseph Termi- nal Company. The Y. M. C. A. building, the Commercial block, Center block, Carbry block Zimmerman buildings, Irish-American building, Ballinger building, C. D. Smith building. Van Natta-Lynds building, Wyeth building, Crawford theatre, the Podvant and Dono- van buildings, Coulter Manufacturing Co.'s building, France build- ing. Central police station. Turner Hall, the Moss building, Samuels block, the Saxton & Hendricks building ; also those massive piles of architecture occupied by the Richardson, Roberts & Byrne Dry Goods Co. ; Tootle, Wheeler & Motter ; the Wood Manufacturing Co. ; the Michau block, the Hughes building, and the block on the north side of Felix, west of Sixth street — all are to the credit of that prosperous era. Blacksnake and Mitchell avenue sewers wert built and the drain- age system of the city perfected, the city electric lighting plant erect- ed and the entire street railway system placed upon an electrical ba- sis. Numerous manufacturing ventures were launched, some of whii-.i did not survive, however ; notably the steel car works, the stove works and the nail mills. A bureau of statistics and information did much during 1888-90 to attract the attention of eastern capital, and the Board of Trade was then, as now, a prominent factor for the commercial advance- ment of the city. The foundation of the present pretentious live stock market and meat packing industry was laid in 1887, and during the following ihe years three packing plants were established. The financial depression of 1893 checked the progress of St. Joseph sornewhat, and but little of magnitude was done until 1897, when a fresh impetus was given the city by the revival on a gigantic scale of the meat-packing industry. The stock yards passed into the control of Swift & Co. of Chicago, and two of the largest plants in the world — one by Swift & Co. and one by Nelson Morris & Co. —were erected in 1897 and placed in operation in April of 1898. The stock yards were completed and modernized and a live stock exchange of splendid proportions is now under construction. loo BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. Other meat-packing concerns are negotiating for quarters, and it is predicted that in a few years St. Joseph will be one of the most famous live stock markets and most prominent meat-packing ppints in the country. Real estate values, which fell during the period of depression, are looking up; many tenements are building, and the season of 1897-98 is marked as one of the most active in the history of the •city for mechanics and laborers. There is, indeed, much in the prospect which the future historian may tell. CHAPTER JX. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT OF ST. JOSEPH.— THE OLD CITY CHARTER AND THE EVILS THAT WERE WROUGHT UNDER ITS PROVISIONS. — BONDS IS- SUED WITH ASTONISHING RECKLESSNESS.— THE CITY SCRIP AND OTHER METHODS OF RELIEF.— THE NEW CHARTER, ITS PROVISIONS AND VALUE. —HOW THE CITY IS GOVERNED. As the community progressed and developed, the scope of the town charter became too narrow, and the people sought relief at the hands of the legislature. Accordingly, a new charter was ob- tained, early in 185 1. The following, from the minutes of the town trustees, shows how the way was paved for the new municipal gov- •ernment : "March 24, 185 1. "Board met at the call of the chairman for the purpose of laying the city into convenient wards and for the ordering of election of city officers. Present : James A. Anthony, R. W. Donnell, Lewis Tracy, A. Dillon, W. M. Carter, James A. Cochran. "On motion, ordered that the town be laid off for the purpose ■of elections into the following wards : First Ward is all that por- tion of the town lying south of Edmond street ; Second Ward all that portion of the town lying north of Edmond and south of Jule street ; Third Ward is all that portion of the town lying north of Jule street, extending from the river to the eastern boundary of the city. "On motion, ordered that an election be held on the first Mon- day in April, 185 1, for the election of a mayor of the city, six coun- <;ilmen, two from each ward, and a city marshal. And that John A. Devorss, William Langston and Conrad Crawley be appbinted judges of election for the First Ward, and that said election be held for the First Ward at the Missouri Hotel ; that John Cargill, Joseph B. Smith and William Dillon be appointed judges of said election for the Second Ward, to be held at the office of Lewis Tracy, Esq. ; that John H. Whitehead, David Frank and Neely Fitzgerald be appointed judges of said election for the Third Ward, to be held at the steam mill of John Whitehead." 102 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. The following is a copy of the minutes of the first meeting of the mayor and council of the City of St. Joseph : "Monday, April 14, 1851. "City council met and took the oath of office and was duly organized. Present : His Honor the mayor, Israel Landis, William M. Carter, John Angel, James B. Pendleton, James A. Anthony and John H. Whitehead. "On motion, the council proceeded to choose from their num- ber a president pro tem, whereupon William M. Carter was declared duly elected. "On motion, the council adjourned until 2 o'clock p. m." The mayor, councilmen and marshal were the only officers elected at first. The mayor and council appointed the following other officers at the ensuing meetings : Milton H. Wash, city regis- ter ; Alexander W. Terrell, city attorney ; John Curd, treasurer ; Isa- dore Poulin, assessor; Charles_ Schreiber, city engineer; Johnson Copeland, street commissioner; Dr. J. H. Crane, h'^.alth officer; V. Tullar, market master; R. L. McGhee, wharf master. There were no municipal buildings of any kind in those days, and the council paid one-half of Lawyer Terrell's office rent for quarters for the mayor and a meeting place for the council. F. M. Wright, who was the first marshal, had to look out for himself, as did also several of his successors. The mayor had jurisdiction as a justice and the marshal was the sole guardian of the peace at first. Offenders were brought before the mayor and tried. A room in the old county jail, that stood on the court house hill, was used as a workhouse, and the street commissioner had charge of the city prisoners, who were generally employed on the streets. In 1852-53 a market house was built on the site of the present city hall. In August of 1855 the workhouse was estabHshed in a two-story stone building that gave way, in 1884, to the present structure. The market house was supplanted by the present city hall in 1873. In January of 1858 the office of city recorder was established and the mayor relieved of the judicial power. A poHce department was also created at the same time and the 'marshal was given six policemen. As the marshal was also the tax collector, the police duty fell largely to his deputy and assistants, who were styled the "city guard." This order continued until 1866, when a collector was provided by an amendment to the charter. In 1885 the offices BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 103 of collector and treasurer were combined. The .recorder was ex- officio justice of the peace until 1889, and the name of the office was changed to "police judge" in 1893. The marshal's office con- tinued until St. Joseph became a city of the second class. The city had three wards until 1864. The First Ward was all of the corporate territory south of Edmond street, the Second Ward was bounded by Edmond and Jule streets, and the Third Ward was north of Jule street. When, by an increase of population and an ■extension of the boundaries, five wards became necessary, the ter- ritory was divided as follows : First Ward, north of a line extend- ing through Pouline, Corby and Colhoun streets; Second Ward, between Faraon street and the southern boundary of the First Ward ; Third Ward, between Faraon and Edmond streets; Fourth Ward, between Edmond and OHve streets; Fifth Ward, south of Olive. When the limits were again extended in 1889 the territory was •divided into eight wards. The municipal history of St. Joseph is unique in more ways than one, and offers a rare field, especially for the student of pioneer city financiering. The provisions of the charter were good — too good to suit the people, because it restrained the council from creating an indebted- ness exceeding $1,000. In 1853 and 1855 other descents were made upon the legislature, and amendments secured authorizing the city to ''subscribe for the capital stock of railroads, and for erecting wharves and protecting the banks of the Missouri" against the en- •croachments of that changeful stream. This was well enough for a year or two, and thousands of dollars were voted by the people for the above purposes. But as the We-stern country settled up, new schemes for investing city funds were devised, and a fourth call on the legislature in 1857 secured the passage of another bill, authoriz- ing the mayor and councilmen "to subscribe for the capital stock of •any railroad terminating at or near said city, or for the stock of any other improvement tending to promote the general interest and prosperity of the city." The people apparently voted yes on almost every proposition submitted to them, for the records of the defeat of measures of this kind are few and far between. The people evidently reasoned that •the only great city in the West must give a certificate to that effect in the shape of an indebtedness of a million or so. They also proba- IdIv argued that future generations would pay these debts so con- tracted. 104 BUCHAiSJAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. With laws such as the above, and in the swift times in which they prevailed, it is no wonder that the question of voting a few thousands of bonds was regarded so Hghtly. Bonds were voted for almost any purpose, and the interest was almost invariably fixed at from 8 to lo per cent. Some of these bonds went for railroads which were never built ; others for a road which was built and afterwards abandoned ; others still for the bridge, for river improvements, for building ma- cadamized roads, and other schemes supposed to benefit the city — all given with a. free hand for the asking. Of course there were halts called now and then by thinking men — but usually they were of short duration — and the jolly giving of gold went merrily on, until the state constitution of 1870 put a limit to city indebtedness, prohibiting its exceeding 5 per cent of the city's assessed valuation. In those days the council proceedings, instead of being dull and prosy accounts of resolutions ordering sidewalks repaired or ordi- nances ordering district sewers, as in these days, were in the nature of a meeting of railroad builders, resolutions directing superintendent this or manager that to buy flat cars, hire engines, or buy railroad ties, being of frequent occurrence. Further amendments to the charter later on prohibited the ex- penditure of money beyond the receipts of the city. It was thought for a time that this provision would at least prevent the incurring of further indebtedness, but this was a false hope, and soon a scheme was devised that circumvented the law. The council simply estimated the receipts at the beginning of the year, and went on appropriating from this estimate, totally regardless of whether it was collected or not. As a consequence, city warrants were soon below par, although bearing interest at 6 per cent. Something else must be done, and in 1878 Mayor Joseph A. Finer brought relief with a city scrips One and two dollar war- rants, resembling government bills, non-interest bearing, were issued to the extent of $100,000 for home circulation, which contained upon their face the city's promise of redemption. The "ones and twos,"^ as they were called, served a good purpose. Though there was some question as to the legality of the city's action in the premises, the people took them and they passed at par, and were finally re- deemed. The redemption, however, was not brought about until the business men of the city, harassed beyond forbearance by the neces- sity of continuous handling of this city "money," its delapidated con- dition, and the urgency for exchanging it for money for use in alf outside business transactions, insisted that the council should provide m..-...^*^*^. "- -»»^. < o El o M w a >i, . BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 105 ways for retiring the scrip. In 1885-6, the first year of the city under its present charter, $35,000 worth of scrip was redeemed by the city and destroyed, the following year $25,000 was called in and burned, and in two years more it was practically all in. A city "bill" or scrip is now regarded as a curiosity. The first city bills paid out in each denomination were secured by William B. McNutt, then chief of the fire department. Use of this "money" being confined to the city, little else was seen in ordinary transactions. This constant circulation soon re- duced it to a delapidated condition, necessitating the renewal of a large portion of it, under Mayor Posegate, in 1882. An attempt to replace it again in 1885 was frustrated by Gen. James Craig, then comptroller, who refused to certify to the ordinance carrying an ap- propriation of $800 for that purpose, on the ground that the entire transaction was iljegal. The appearance of government officials on the ground to investigate the matter about this time, together with the demand of the merchants, settled the fate of city scrip. In the matter of interest the scrip saved the taxpayers between $65,000 and $75 ,000. But times grew harder and harder with the city. People began to refuse to pay taxes, and in the latter part of the 70's and early 8o's the council tried to evade part of the city's debt, declaring it invalid, but better judgment finally prevailed, the means were found to pay the interest falling due, and steps were taken in 1882 to refund all that was left of the high interest bearing bonds. This only partly suc- ceeded at the time, but it was the entering wedge to the settlement of the debt. In 1884 the indebtedness of the city was, in round numbers, about $2,250,000, of which $210,000 was a floating debt in the shape of warrants, one-half of which were interest bearing, the other half being sham money ; $40,000 in judgments, interest and claims against the city. Then there was a bonded debt of about $2,000,000. The city had issued bonds for the following purposes : River and im- provement, $200,000; gas plant, $25,000; macadam road from El- wood to Wathena, $25,000; St. Joseph & Denver Railroad, $500,000; bridge, $500,000 ; Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad, $210,000; Missouri Valley Railroad, $150,000; St. Joseph & Topeka Railroad, $50,000. The other figures necessary to round out the two millions are furnished by bonds issued to provide money to grade streets and cover deficiencies in the treasury. At the same time there was due the city in back taxes about $150,000. io6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. It was at this time that the howl, loud and long, went up for a change of some sort. Taxation was doubly onerous, the city's credit was nil, interest-bearing warrants were at a discount of from lo to 20 per cent, and the "ones and twos" were in such a wretchedly dilapidated and worn condition that merchants were refusing to re- receive them. The agitation thus commenced resulted in deserting the patched- up old charter and starting anew in April, 1885, as a city organized under the laws of the state governing cities of the second class. When the legislature met in January of 1885 a committee went to Jefferson City with such amendments to the existing state laws governing cities of the second class as would permit the adjustment of St. Joseph's affairs so that the city could be brought under the provisions of the desired charter. The amendments were not ma- terial so far as the organic law was, concerned, and the delegation from Buchanan County m the house and senate had no difficulty in securing their adoption. At the April election of 1885, the people voted upon the proposition and it was carried, the vote standing 2,925 for the adoption of the charter and 192 against it. On Monday, April 21, 1885, the transition took place, and St. Joseph became a city of the second class, under H. R. W. Hartwig as mayor. Mr. Hartwig had been elected in the previous year. The disposition of the "ones and twos" gave great concern, for they were a problem of proportions. The best business men of the city met with the council and a solution of the problem was found in accepting the "ones and twos" in payment for back taxes. This was done, and as the scrip came in it was cancelled and burned. Under the new charter no debts can be made, no contract can be entered into for a period longer than one year, no public work can be ordered, and no purchase made for which the money is not in the treasury. The component parts of the city's machinery are the mayor and council, the comptroller, auditor, collector and treasurer, city clerk, engineer, assessor, building inspector, license inspector, health offi- cer, keeper of the workhouse, superintendent of streets, the park commissioners, market master, chimney sweep, boiler inspector, su- perintendent of electric light, a library board, weighmaster, fire de- partment, police department, police judge, city attorney and city counselor. The assessor lays the foundation for the municipal work. In January of each year he begins to make his assessment. The real estate values are taken from the county assessment, to which they BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 107 must conform. Personal property, merchandise, banks, etc., are within his jurisdiction. When the tax books are completed the mayor, assessor, comptroller, clerk, auditor and chairman of the council finance committee sit as a board of equalization. Some as- sessments are raised and others lowered by this board, according to circumstances. The tax books are ready by the third Monday in April, the be- ginning of the fiscal year. On that day the council meets and the city clerk announces the total valuation of property. Under the charter not more than one per cent on each one hundred dollars' val- uation can be assessed for general administration purposes, and as much as is necessary may be assessed for the purpose of paying in- terest on outstanding bonds, and the creation of a sinking fund for the payment of these bonds, which were inherited from the old sys- tem. Under the charter of to-day no new bonded indebtedness can be created until the present bonded indebtedness of the city has been reduced to within five per cent of the assessed valuation of property. Upon the first assessment under the new charter the tax levy was two dollars, one dollar for administration purposes and one dollar for the interest and sinking fund. The levy has since been reduced to $1.55 on the one hundred dollars. Aside from the one dollar tax, there are other sources of revenue to the city — licenses upon various occupations and the police court. Of the saloon license, however, the city retains but 47 per cent, the county receiving 53 per cent. The comptroller makes an estimate of receipts from all sources at the beginning of each fiscal year and this is apportioned in ad- vance by the finance committee of the council. For instance, at the beginning of the present fiscal year (1898-9) the funds were apportioned as follows : For city officers' salaries, $28,500 ; salaries of aldermen, $4,800; poHce department salaries, $51,700; fire de- partment salaries, $46,000; health department, $4,400;' workhouse, $10,200; engineer's assistants, $4,500; poHce department expense, $4,500; fire department expense, $6,000; city hall expense, $3,006; street cleaning, $9,000; streets, sewers and bridges, $23,000; street lighting and improvements, $27,000; water service, $53,000; city printing, $1,500; park department, $8,000; repair of asphaltum streets, $8,000; charity, $1,500; judgments, $8,000; pubHc library, $7,200; contingent, incidental and sinking fund, $30,300; total, $295,280. City taxes are not properly due until August, but the tax books are ready on May i, and on all taxes paid during that month a rebate io8 BUCHANAN- COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. of 6 per cent is allowed ; on all paid in June, a rebate of 4 per cent ; in July, 2 per cent. After August a penalty of 2 per cent per month is charged. Under this wise law an average of 65 per cent of the entire taxes levied for the given year is paid in May, this year the collections being 66 per cent of the entire levy. Practically speaking, all the taxes levied by the city are collected. Delinquent property is sold to the highest bidder in November, and is redeemable within four years. As the money is received it is credited by the comptroller to the various funds as prescribed by the apportionment ordinance. Each department is required to live within its means. Bills are audited, and, if allowed, the money for their payment is appropriated by ordi- nance, as are also salaries. The auditor draws a warrant upon the, treasurer, which must be countersigned by the comptroller, who has previously certified that the money is in the treasury to the credit of the fund upon which the warrant is drawn. The police depart- ment, however, which is under the metropolitan system, draws one- twelfth of its apportionment each month and the funds are expended at the discretion of the commissioners. The mayor, aldermen, collector, auditor, city attorney and police judge are elected, and hold office for two years. The engineer, coun- selor, comptroller, clerk, superintendent of street lighting, health officer, hospital steward, keeper of the workhouse, superintendent of streets, assessor, market-master, weighmaster, license inspector, and the various deputies, are appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the council for two-year term. The chief of the fire department is appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the council; firemen are appointed by the mayor upon the recommendation of the chief and the fire department committee of the council, and are removed for cause only. Three poHce commissioners are appointed by the governor for three years each, one term expiring each year. They appoint the chief and all other attaches to the police depart- ment. The public library and the city parks are managed by boards appointed by the mayor, and these boards appoint the various em- ployes of their departments. The building inspector is appointed by the mayor, confirmed by the council, and holds his office during good behavior. When the transition took place an agreement was made with those officials who had been elected for two years that they would, upon resignation, be appointed to serve out the unexpired por- tions of their terms. Under this agreement Harry Carter, who had been elected collector in 1894, was made treasurer for one year; Wil- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 109 liam B. TuUar, who had been elected city marshal, was made chief of police for one year, and Francis M. Tufts, who had been elected as register, was maHe auditor for one year. All fees were abolished. The following new officers were appointed : General James Craig, comptroller; Purd B. Wright, clerk; James Limbird, coun- selor; M. M. Kane, chief of fire department; Patrick Mclntyre, street commissioner; M. J. McCabe, engineer; Dr. J. A. French, health officer; Ishmael Davis, assessor; Anton Dalhoff, keeper of the workhouse. Policemen, firemen and market-master were also appointed. Officials other than these who are now in the govern- ment have been added since then. The charter has been amended several times since its adoption, and each time its scope of usefulness has been widened. That its adoption was wise is best known by those who experienced the work- ings and trembled for the city from the dangers of the old system. Since 1885 the city has paid its way out of the revenues, has com- pletely wiped out the floating debt and city scrip, and has materially reduced the bonded burden. As evidences of improvement we have the parks, the sewers, the streets, the electric lighting plant, the central police station, the free public library, and excellent fire and police departments. CHAPTER X. THE POLICE DEPARTMENT OF ST. JOSEPH, ITS HISTORY AND THE VARIOUS CHIEFS FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE PRESENT TIME.— THE POLICE JUDGE AND CITY ATTORNEY, AND THE MEN WHO HAVE HELD THESE PLACES.— HISTORY OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT FROM THE DAYS OF THE BUCKET BRIGADE TO THE PRESENT TIME.— THE VARIOUS CHIEFS. Up to 185 1 the peace of St. Joseph was preserved by a constable, who, when the times were lively, as during the California period, had a force of deputies and was assisted by the sheriff. The con- stable was also the collector of town taxes and was withal an im- portant functionary. When St. Joseph was incorporated as a city, a marshal was pro- vided, who, like the constable, was the tax collector ; but it was not until 1858 that the police department was created, at which time the marshal was given a deputy and six men. These were pompously styled the city guard and the deputy marshal was the captain thereof. The marshal received fees only, but had a lucrative place. In 1866 the collector's office was estabhshed and the marshal gave his entire, attention to police work. The fee system continued until the city adopted the new charter, in 1885, when the title of the office was changed to that of chief of police and a salary of $1,500 per annum provided. In 1887 the metropolitan system was adopted. Under this the governor appoints three commissioners, whose duty it is to manage the police department. The commissioners elect one of their num- ber as treasurer. At the beginning of each fiscal year they certify to the council the amount necessary for the department during the year, which the council is required to provide. This amount is paid in monthly installments to the treasurer of the board and ex- pended for salaries and other necessaries. Howell Thomas, the first constable, was " appointed in 1845. Henry S. Smith, Edward Searcy and V. TuUar succeeded each other until 1 85 1. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. in Francis M. Wright was the first marshal, sei-ving 1851-52. Then came the following: Allen McNew, 1852-54; George Merlatt, 1854-57; Shad R. Wages, 1857-60; Allen McNew, 1860-62; R. J. S. Wise, 1862-64; E. H. Saville, 1864-66; Enos Craig, 1866-68; Allen McNew,. 1868-70; Louis Stroud, 1870-72; Thos. H. Ritchie, 1872- 74; John Broder, 1874-76; B. F. Buzard, 1876-78; Phil Rogers, 1878-80; Enos Craig, 1880-82; Thomas H. Ritchie, 1882-84; Will- iam B. TuUar, 1884-85. The first chief of police was WilHam B. Tullar, who had been elected marshal for two years, but who resigned when the new charter went into effect and was made chief of poHce for one year. He was succeeded by John Broder in 1886, who was retained by the board of commissioners when the metropolitan system went into effect, and who has filled the place continuously to this date. Under the present system a captain of police and two sergeants are provided for. Solomon Broyles was captain from June i, 1887, to March 3, 1888, when he died. He was succeeded by John Bloom- er, promoted from sergeant, and who has been constantly on duty to this date. The first two sergeants were John Bloomer and William J. Lovell. When Sergeant Bloomer was made captain, J. Fred Henry, who held the honorary title of corporal, was advanced. Ser- geant Lovell was succeeded May 7, 1892, by Corporal Edward L. Cutler, who served until June i, 1893. Corporal John J. Neenan.was advanced and served until his death, August 29, 1896. Patrolman Wm. H. Frans was then made sergeant, and both he and Sergeant Henry are still on duty. The metropoHtan force was organized June i, 1887, with the chief, captain, two sergeants, two turnkeys, two drivers and thirty- two patrolmen. At present (1898) there are forty-two patrolmen, four detectives, one humane officer, three signal service operators, two drivers, one matron and one engineer. The chief, captain and sergeants are appointed for one year. Patrolmen are appointed for six months as specials, on probation, at $60 per month. If confirmed they are appointed for three years from the date of the first appointment. The humane officer is selected by the Humane Society and commissioned and paid as a regular patrolman by this department, he being under the direction of the chief. Regular patrolmen receive $70 per month salary. A telephone signal service, the first to exist, was introduced in 1891. There-are thirty-seven stations, and patrolmen are scheduled to signal every hour during the day and night. There is an inde- pendent telephone exchange, with a switch-board and three opera- 112 ^ BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. tors at Central police station. The system is leased from the Mis- souri and Kansas Telephone Company. On April 28, 1887, Governor Marmaduke appointed Bernard Patton, John Donovan, Jr., and Thos. P. Maupin commissioners, the first for three years, the' second for two and the last for one year. The regular terms of commissioners after the first appointment are for three years, a vacancy occurring annually. Mr. Patton was president for three years. He was succeeded as commissioner by Geo. H. Hall, Jr. Mr. Donovan was re-appointed at the expiration of two years, and Mr. Maupin was re-appointed at the expiration of his year. Mr. Donovan was treasurer for the first three years and -was succeeded by Mr. Hall in 1890, when Mr. Maupin was elected president. This organization continued until August 11, 1892. Mr. Maupin's term had expired in April, 1891, Mr. Donovan's, April. 1892, and Mr. Hall had become ineligible because he was a candidate ior office. At that time Governor Francis appointed an entire new board, consisting of Thos. F. Ryan to succeed Mr. Donovan, Samuel M. Nave to succeed Mr. Maupin and Harris Ettenson to succeed Mr. Hall. Mr. Nave served as president until the expiration of his term. Mr. Ryan was elected treasurer and served continuously in that capacity for six years. Mr. Ettenson was succeeded in 1893 by T. F. Van Natta, and Mr. Nave was succeeded in 1894 by John H. Trice. Mr. Van Natta was elected to succeed Mr. Nave as president. Both Mr. Ryan and Mr. Van Natta were re-appointed. Mr. Trice was re-appointed April 29, 1897, and Mr. Ryan was suc- ceeded September 6, 1898, by Walter H. Robinson. The board is now organized as follows : Thos. F. Van Natta, president ; John H. Trice, vice-president; Walter H. Robinson, treasurer. Chris L. Rutt, who was appointed secretary at the first organization of the board, has held the place continuously to date. The police court is the tribunal to which offenders against the ■city ordinances are brought. When St. Joseph was a town offenders were brought before a justice of the peace. When St. Joseph be- came a city, in 1851, the mayor was, under the charter, the police judge, and so continued until 1855. The office of recorder was then introduced, the first incumbent being A. A. Dougherty, who served one year. The position was subsequently held as follows : Felix Robidoux, 1856-58; John A. Dolman, 1858-62; M. L. Harrington, 1862-64; Wm. C. Toole, 1864-66; J. B. Hawley, 1866-68; Charles M. Thompson, 1868-70; Wm. Drumhiller, 1870-72;. Charles M. Thompson, 1872-76; R. B. Fleming, 1876-78; Samuel B. Green,, 1878-80; George W. Belt, 1880-82; John A. Dolman, 1882-84; BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 113 Mordecai Oliver, 1884-86; John A. Dolman, 1886-90; William B. Sanford, April, 1890, to September, 1891, died in office; John A. Dolman, September i, 1891, to February 9, 1896, dying in office; Peter J. Carolus, February 10, 1896, to April, 1898, when succeeded by Col. John Doniphan, the present incumbent. The office depended upon fees until 1885, when the fees were abolished and a stated salary provided. The recorder was also ex- officio justice of the peace, up to 1889, when this perquisite was cut off. In 1893 tlis name of the office was changed to "police judge." Prior to 1884, the recorder provided his own clerk. Harry Angel was the first appointee, serving until April, 1891, when he was succeeded by Albe M. Tracy, who served until April, 1895, and was succeeded in turn by John T. Warburton. The mayor ap- pointed these clerks. In 1897, the office was abolished, and the duties thereof delegated to the secretary of the board of police com- missioners. The city attorney prosecutes offenders against the ordinances be- fore the police judge. This office was created under the first charter and Alexander W. Terrell was the first incumbent, serving 1851-52. He was succeeded by John Scott, who served until 1856. The office was held subsequently in the following order : Alexander M. Davis, 1856-57; Thomas Thoroughman, 1857-58; W. R. Likens, 1858-60; Joseph P. Grubb, 1860-61; Isaac Parker, 1861-64; James Hunter, 1864-66; Jeff Chandler, 1866-72; Wm. D. O'Toole, 1872-74; John T. Baldwin, 1874-76; Willard P. Hall, Jr., 1876-78; William Fitz- gerald, 1878-80; Enos J. Crowther, 1880-82; Augustus Saltzman, 1882-84; William E. Sherwood, 1884-86; Fred J. Lufler, 1886-88; George P. Rowe, 1888-90; Peter J. Carolus, 1890-92; Wm. R. Hoff- man, 1892-94; James W. Mytton, 1894-96; Joshua A. Graham, 1896-98, succeeded by Fred W. Heyde, the present .incumbent. A number of men who held this humble office afterwards dis- tinguished themselves in the legal profession, among them Alexander Terrell, who was United States minister to Turkey ; Alexander Davis, Thomas Thoroughman, John T. Baldwin, Isaac Parker, Jeff Chand- ler, Willard P. Hall, Jr., and Joseph P. Grubb. Messrs. Davis, Thor- oughman and Chandler achieved fame at St. Louis and John T. Baldwin in Montana. Willard P. Hall was one of the first judges of the court of appeals at Kansas City and Joseph P. Grubb was cir- cuit judge here for many years. Isaac C. Parker went to congress from this district and was appointed by President Grant as United States judge at Fort Smith, Arkansas, where he died recently. 114 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.— First, there was the bucket brigade, then organizations of volunteer firemen ; next a combination of volunteer and paid firemen, and then an all-paid department, which has grown into one of the best equipped and most efficient in the West. The late General WiUiam R. Penick is credited with having been the most ardent promoter of organized and systematic protec- tion from fires. He began his efforts in i860, when a member of the city council, but was unsuccessful until 1864, when, as mayor of the city, he earnestly recommended an appropriation of $5,000 for the purchase of a steam engine. The provision was made in August of 1864. At the same time Mayor Penick urged that the citizens sub- scribe means for the purchase of hose and hook-and-ladder equip- ments. The people responded promptly and sufficient money was soon pledged. In May of 1865 the steam engine arrived, was tested, accepted and named "Blacksnake." The hook-and-ladder truck and hose-reels were also on hand, and the next step was the formation of a volunteer corps. The Blacksnake engine company and the Res- cue hook-and-ladder company were promptly organized. In the following year the German-Americans organized a third volunteer company and purchased a hand engine, which was named the "Water- witch.'' The steamer was drawn by horses, but the trucks and hand engine were drawn by the firemen and volunteer citizens, there being ropes to accommodate all who desired to "run wid de masheen." Cisterns were built at important points in the business district. There were thirteen of these when the introduction of waterworks supplanted them, and the average capacity of each was about twelve hundred barrels. There was great rivalry among the firemen, both for efficiency and splendor in parade, and the annual turn-out was always the occasion of a public holiday. The first of these parades occurred on Washington's birthda}', 1868, when the late Edward R. Brandow was chief of the department. The procession was composed as fol- lows : "Blacksnake" Steam Engine Company, Hardin Ellis, fore- man, 25 men ; "Waterwitch" Hand Engine Company, Henry Lund, foreman, 45 men; "Rescue" Hook-and-Ladder Company, Hugh Symmonds, foreman, 55 men. The engine companies had a contest at Market square and the affair concluded with a general drenching, the rivals turning their nozzles upon each other. In 1870, a paid fire department was established. Seven, men were stationed in a house at the foot of Edmond street. The aparatus consisted of the "Blacksnake" engine and three one-horse reels. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 115 The hook-and-ladder company's aparatus was stationed in a building at the alley east of Tootle's opera house. The ground was donated to the city by the late Milton Tootle, and the Rescue com- pany built the house with money secured by means of entertain- . ments. In 1871 two paid men and two horses were placed on duty here. The zeal of the volunteers naturally began to wane with the in- troduction of paid firemen, and the companies disbanded. The "Waterwitch," which had been stationed on Edmond street, west of where the Ballinger building now stands, gave way to a second steamer, named "Bluebird," which was purchased in 1872, and the "Waterwitch," which was sold in 1875 to a party in Wyandotte. The "Blacksnake" was sold to Shenandoah, Iowa, some years ago, and the "Bkiebird" is still in service. The introduction of waterworks gave an impetus to improve- ment and expansion of the fire department. In 1879 a hose reel was located in the Patee market house, which remained there until 1886, when the present house was built at Tenth and Olive streets. In 1 88 1 a reel was located at Tenth and Francis streets, in a building leased from the O. M. Smith estate. In 1895 this company was re- moved to Seventh and Charles streets. In the same year a company was stationed on North Third street. In 1882, the house at the foot of Felix street was built and the aparatus removed there from Second and Edmond, to make room for the Davis mill. In 1884, J^f- Tootl' exchanged ground at Seventh and Charles streets for that which he had donated adjoining the opera house, the hook-and-ladder trucks were moved, and the old "Rescue" house was merged into the Tootle theater. In 1895, the building at Seventh and Charles streets was enlarged,^ so as to accommodate new aparatus, and that which was moved from Tenth and Francis streets. In 1889, a house was built at Ninth and Doniphan avenue ; in 1891, one at Eighteenth and Felix streets ; in 1892, one at Tenth and Powell streets, and in the follow- ing year, the company on North Third street was moved to a new house which had been built at Third and Franklin streets. The last house was erected in 1896, at Twenty-seventh and Penn streets. All of these houses are modern and well appointed. The fire department is now composed of the chief, assistant chief, eight foremen and forty firemen. There are in service two steam engines, one aerial truck, one water tower, one chemical en- gine, four hose reels and four hose wagons. There is also a hand reel at South Park, where a volunteer organization exists. There are twenty-eight horses and about 26,000 feet of hose. There are ii6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. located about the city 483 fire hydrants. The cisterns of the olden days have all been filled up. Dr. Robert Gunn was the first chief of the fire department. He was appointed October 13, 1865. The position had been tendered to Charles W. Davenport, who declined, however, because he was an insruance agent. Dr. Gunn served until April, 1867, when he was succeeded by Edward R. Brandow, who served until April, 1870, and who was in turn succeeded by Robert J. S. Wise. In 1871, Harry Carter was elected and served one year, being succeeded by Egid Wagner, and he in turn by Augustus Saltzman, each serving one year. In April of 1874, Wm. B. McNutt was elected, served six years, and was succeeded by Henry Gibson, who served one year. In 1881, W. B. McNutt was again made chief and served until 1885. In 1882, Michael M. Kane was made assistant chief, and in 1885 he was made chief, with William D. Smith as assistant. In 1892, Oliver M. Knapp and P. P. Kane were made assistant chiefs. In 1895, Oliver M. Knapp was made acting chief, owing to the illness of Mr. Kane, who resigned in 1897, and was succeeded by his brother, P. P. Kane, the present chief. CHAPTER XI. THE PARKS OF ST. JOSEPH, THEIR HISTORY AND DE- VELOPMENT.— LAKE CONTRARY AS CITY PROP- ERTY.— THE FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY; ITS ORIGIN AND EXPANSION.— STREET LIGHTING; FROM GAS TO ELECTRICITY AND MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP.— THE CITY'S SEWER SYSTEM; ITS HISTORY AND CONDITION.— STREET PAVING; THE VARIOUS PERIODS OF PROGRESS. There are four public parks in the city proper. Krug Park, the largest and most beautiful, is beyond the city limits, though under municipal jurisdiction. All of these parks were donated. Smith Park was the gift of the late Frederick W. Smith, Patee Park the gift of the late John Pattee; Mitchell Park, the gift of James Mitchell, and Washington Park, the gift of those who placed St. Joseph Ex- tension Addition on the market. These were all dedicated when the additions containing them were platted. Krug Park, containing ten acres, was the gift of Henry and William Krug, made in February of 1889, the conditions being that the council spend annually the sum of $1,500 in beautify- ing and maintaining the park, and the restrictions being that no intoxicating hquors be permitted to be sold. Smith and Patee parks were rough ground in the beginning, but the grader made all things even. Up to 1879 Smith Park was oc- cupied by a florist. When the Smith branch sewer, which cut through the northeastern portion of the park, was completed the place was graded and filled. In 1882, an iron fence was built. In 1884, Dr. Henry D. Cogswell, of San Francisco, a noted advocate of temperance, presented the city with his statue, to be placed in the park. Dr. Cogswell was engaged in perpetuating himself by the means of these statues, which are mounted upon a drinking fountain. Samuel Westheimer, who was then a member of the council, and who had been instrumental in having Smith Park opened for public use, heard of Dr. Cogswell. Mr. Westheimer was of the opinion that any kind of a statue would look better than no statue, and if one could be had without cost, the effort should be made. He therefore ii8 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH.' induced the council to request Dr. Cogswell for his likeness in metal. The doctor was a little slow, but finally yielded — condition- ally, however. The conditions were that the city should purchase four lamps and should agree to keep the fountains running during the drinking season, and that one fountain should give forth ice water. These conditions were agreed to and the statue arrived. The city built a substantial base, under which provision was made for cooling the water. This feature of the bargain, however, has long been neglected, and the lamp posts are now used as pedestals for flower pots. Much sport was made of the statue at the time of its arrival and som"& wag circulated the report that it was the advertise- ment of a vinegar bitters. Dr. Cogswell, though vain, was a well- meaning man, and did everything in his power to promote and en- courage temperance, even to being a candidate for the presidency in the interest of prohibition. Patee Park was opened to the public at about the same time as Smith Park. The ground was low, and a fill of five feet was made when Messanie street was graded. Cottonwood trees grew there in profusion for a time, but these were cut out and other shade pro- vided. Mitchell Park was used for some years as a potato patch, and then occupied by a florist, who remained until 1891. Washington Park, which was originally dedicated for a market place, was beautified in 1894, and has since been greatly appreciated by the people of the northwestern portion of the city. Smith, Patee and Mitchell Parks each occupy a block of ground. Washington Park is triangular, and not quite as large as the others. St. Joseph owes much to the energy and perseverance of the park board. Before 1890 there was a council committee on parks. Mayor Shepherd appointed the first board of commissioners, naming H. M. Garlichs, Wm. E. Jamieson and N. P. Ogden. These com- missioners employed a superintendent, Rudolph Rau, a skillful flor- ist and landscape gardener, who is still in his place. The council provided liberally, and the result is that Krug Park is one of the most picturesque places in the West, and in ten years will surpass any public park of its size and kind in the country. There were those who believed, and with good reason, that if the city owned Lake Contrary that body of water and the surroundings would be greatly improved and beautified. Congressman R. P. C. Wilson was appealed to, and, in 1890, secured the passage of an act of congress granting to the city of St. Joseph Lake Contrary and the shores thereof. Early in 1891, the city ordered a canal cut to unite BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 119 the upper and lower lakes. The farmers in the neighborhood pro- tested and obtained an injunction. The cause was tried, and it was found that the United States, having previously given to the state of Missouri all of the territory embracing Lake Contrary, had no right to give the property to the city, having in fact no title. Had the result of the trial been favorable to the city Lake Contrary would appear to better advantage than it does now. The park board has been composed as follows since 1890 : For 1890-93, H. M. GarHchs, Wm. E. Jamieson, N. P. Ogden; for 1893- 94, Joseph Hansen, Charles F. Bacon, F. G. Hopkins; for 1894-96, Chas. F. Bacon, F. G. Hopkins, John L. Bittinger; for 1896-98, Frank G. Hopkins, Charles F. Bacon, Sol Ehrman ; for 1898-99, Frank G. Hopkins, Sol Ehrman, Henry Uhlman. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY— Prior to 1887 there were several circulating libraries in St. Joseph. In May of that year Warren Samuel announced through the newspapers that he would give the free use of a room in his building at Tenth and Charles streets for library purposes, provided a certain sum of money could be raised for the purchase of books. Mrs. T. F. Van Natta and Mrs. George C. Hull took the matter in hand, and, ascertaining from Mr. Samuels that if $S,ooo was raised he would give the use of a room for five years, plans were at once outlined for securing the sum required. These ladies, together with Mrs. John S. Lemon, successfully so- licited seventy-five life memberships at $50 each, and they had collected a total of $3,000 by the August following. When the finan- cial work had progressed thus far, Mr. Samuels executed a lease of the large rqom on the second floor of his building for three years, with the understanding that the lease would be extended to five years when the remainder of the fund should have been collected. The library was formally opened on the 8th day of November, 1887, Miss Nellie Millan acting as librarian. The first board of directors and officers consisted of Mrs. John S. Lemon, president; Mrs. Winslow Judson, vice-president; Mrs. T. F. Van Natta, treasurer; Mrs. George C. Hull, secretary, and Mrs. M. A .Reed, Mrs. John D. Richardson, Jr., Mrs. John I. Mc- Donald and Mrs. B. F. Colt. The library opened with 2,200 volumes of well-selected books, and during the first year of its existence 1,000 additional volumes were added. Under these auspices it did excellent work, but a lack of funds prevented the success desired. The small yearly 120 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. sum charged for the use of the library, $2, proved inadequate to its needs, but the library was by no means permitted to languish. The ladies in charge worked hard and through their efforts alone the in- stitution was kept intact. In January, 1890, Edward S. Douglas suggested the idea of tak- ing advantage of the state law which authorized cities to establish free public libraries by a vote of the people, and the suggestion met with hearty support. Purd B. Wright, the present librarian, united with Mr. Douglas in the movement, and these two pushed the matter. Petitions were prepared asking that the question of voting a tax of three-tenths of a mill be submitted to the voters of the city, as au- thorized by law. Only one hundred names were necessary, but many times this number were secured. When presented to the mayor and council for official consideration the petition contained not only the names of the mayor, George J. Englehart, but those of nine of the ten aldermen as well, in their capacity as citizens. The question being submitted to the voters, such was the interest that had been aroused that it carried by a vote of more than six to one. In April, 1890, the then mayor-elect, Wm. M. Shepherd, ap- pointed as the first board of directors Rev. H. L. Foote, Prof. E. B. Neeley, Willard P. Hall, H. G. Getchell, Dr. J. Francis Smith, B. Newburger, G. W. Hendley, Mrs. J. S. Lemon and Mrs. George C. Hull. Rev. Foote was at the first meeting elected president and Mr; Getchell, secretary; Prof. E. B. Neeley at the next meeting being elected \-ice-president. After a few months' service, Mrs. Hull and Mrs. Lemon and Dr. Smith resigned from the board, Mr. Johnson, Geo. C. Hull and J. L. Bittinger succeeding them. Mr. Foote re- mained the president of the board until he left the city in 1895. Prof. E. B. Neeley acted as president during the remainder of the term and was succeeded by Rev. Henry Bullard, who in turn gave way in 1896 to John DeCIue, an old member of the board, and who is still its head. Soon after organizing Henry J. Carr, of Grand Rapids, Mich., was employed as librarian, and remained with the library until July, 1891, when he resigned to accept a more lucrative position as head of the Scranton, Pa., public library, just organizing. Meantime, the old library association, by a vote of a majority of its directors and Hfe members, donated the books owned by it to the free public library, numbering 3,272 volumes, and went out of ex- istence, having accomplished its real purpose in providing the nu- cleus of the present successful institution. Mrs. Russell, who had succeeded Miss Millan as Hbrarian, was continued in the employ BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 121 of the free library under Mr. Carr. The remainder of the force was Miss C. L. Rathbun, still at the library ; Miss L. C, Senter, who was appointed assistant librarian in April, which position she still retains ; and Miss Agnes Van Volkenburg. Miss A. M. Perry was the next employe, and is still a member of the staff. Large purchases of books were made as soon as a librarian was employed, but the work of classifying and cataloguing required so much time that the library was not opened for the issue of books for home use until March 16, 1891, with 5,510 volumes ; the reference and reading rooms, however, having been opened two months pre- viously. On the resignation of Mr. Carr, George T. Wright, for- merly of this city, but then of California, was offered the position, but declined on account of his health, and William H. Culver was appointed, continuing in charge until the following year in May, when he resigned. Miss L. C. Senter assumed charge of the library and conducted it until July i, when H. L. Elmendorf was appointed to the position of librarian. He remained with the library until October i, 1896, when he, too, resigned and was succeeded by Purd B. Wright, the present incumbent. During the administration of Mr. Culver the library was re- moved from Sixth and Charles streets to its present location at Tenth and Sylvanie streets. John L. Bittinger, Clinton M. Shultz, Wm. H. Morlock, Dr. Barton Pitts, J. W. Atwill and William H. Gordon have also been members of the library board. At this time (1898) the library board is organized as follows : John De Clue, president ; Rev. J. L. Law- less vice-president; Charles A. Pfeiffer, secretary-treasurer; Henry K. White, chairman of library committee; Lewis M. Smith, James McEvoy, John M. Stewart, Charles P. Cargill and Dr. J. M. Riley. The library contains 14,859 volumes, of which number 11,113 are in the circulating department, 1,387 in the reference department, and 2,359 ii^ the government department. STREET LIGHTING.— As early as 1856 the city aided in the erection of a plant for the manufacture of illuminating gas, but this proved an unprofitable investment. In 1861 a second concern se- cured the contract and the city was lighted, after a fashion, with gas, until 1889. In 1887 gasoline lamps mounted on wooden posts, supplied by a Chicago concern, were added to the system. In 1889 the city embarked in municipal ownership as to street lighting. A contract was made with the Excelsior Electrical Com- 122 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. pany of Chicago for a $60,000 plant, to be paid for in two years. The city built a power house at Fifth and Olive streets. Walter C. Stewart superintended the construction of the plant and managed it for the Excelsior company. Frank P. Yenawine was the first city electrician, succeeding Mr. Stewart in 1891. He served until May of 1896 and was in turn succeeded by Mr. Stewart, who is the pres- ent superintendent. Since its erection various improvements have been added to the plant, making the total cost nearly $100,000. Eight dynamos of thirty-light capacity, two of eighty-light capacity, three engines of 135 horse power, and three boilers of 125 horse power are used. The, plant was started with 210 lamps, and increased during the following year to 263. In 1898 the lamps in use numbered 369. The annijal cost of each lamp has gradually lessened, falling from nearly $90 per lamp at the beginning to less than $60 at the present time. THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM.— There are now (1898) nearly forty-nine thousand lineal feet of main sewers in St. Joseph. In the early days the creeks that coursed through the city from the hills formed the only drainage. Blacksnake, Bush branch, Smith branch and Liniment (or Patee branch) were all creeks of consequence, especially when the rains were heavy. In planning the sewerage system of the city these natural water courses were followed wherever possible. The first effort at sewering was made in 1867, when a section was built between Fifth and Sixth streets, covering Bush branch. In 1870 an extension of 160 feet was added, which brought the sewer to a point on Fifth street about where the side entrance to the Tootle Theatre is. This is a five-foot sewer and its mouth was then above ground. There was a trap-door, hinged at the top, which opened automatically when the volume of water was great enough. The street was paved in the shape of a gutter, and during heavy rains was impassable. The sewer-building era properly began in 1874, when a nine-foot solid limestone sewer was constructed on Charles street, from the river to Seventh street. This was followed by the completion of the Smith branch sewer, which had been started at an earlier period, and which now extends from Twentieth street and Frederick avenue to Seventh and Charles streets. The Bush branch sewer was next continued down Fifth street to Charles. The combined length of these sewers is 16,523 feet. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 123 Messanie street was sewered from the river to Eighth street in 1S79. This is a round brick culvert, five feet in diameter. The total length of the sewer now is i ,856 feet. The building of the Union Depot at Sixth street and Mitchell avenue made it necessary to sewer Liniment creek. In 1880 a section reaching from Fifth to Eighth streets was built. In 1886 it was completed to the river. This is called the Mitchell avenue sewer. It is thirteen to fifteen feet in diameter, and built of brick. The I'atee branch sewer, ranging in diameter from eight and one-half to ten and one-half feet, oval, brick, joins the Mitchell avenue sewer at Eighth street. It was built in sections and completed to Twenty- bccond street in 1894. The combined length is 8,188 feet. From its terminus there is a pipe sewer to the asylum. The first section of Blacksnake sewer was built in 1883 across Main street. In 1889 it was carried east to Third street. In 1891 the city and the Chicago Great' Western Railway Company jointly built the sewer from the Main street section to the river. In 1894 the sewer was extended from Third street, along the course of Black- snake creek, to Pendleton street; and in 1896, to Middleton street. This is a brick sewer, egg-shaped. The dimensions of the western portion are 14^x17 feet. At the time of its building it was the largest brick sewer in the world. The dimensions of the eastern portion are 1 3^x1 5 J feet. The total length of the Blacksnake sewer is 4,797 feet. Olive stret and Patee street have five-foot brick sewers, tapering to three feet. The length of the Olive street sewer is 2,110 feet, and of the Patee street sewer is 2,794 feet. There is an eight-foot brick sewer on Grand avenue, 1,154 fet in length, which will be extended in time to the Blacksnake sewer. There is also a twelve-foot sewer on Atchison street, 300 feet long, which will be extended in time. There are several four- and five-foot sewers of considerable length, all of which will be extended. On Middleton, Linn and Chestnut streets there is one of this class, 1,716 feet in length; on Isabella street, from Blacksnake west, one of 710 feet; on Franklin street, from Blacksnake west, one of 2,040 feet; Sixteenth, Seven- teenth and Sacramento streets, one of 1,409 feet; on Nineteenth street, one of 2,623 feet; on Twenty-third and Olive streets, one of 1,246 feet. There are also 19,455 feet of public pipe-sewers and over thirty- one miles of district sewers that drain into these main sewers. In all, there are nearly forty-four miles of sewers in St. Joseph. 124 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. Prior to 1885 property owners who desired sewerage had to build at their own expense. Now, however, the city is divided into sewer districts, and when a sewer is desired in a certain neighbor- hood, to drain into a main sewer, three or more property owners petition the council, and an ordinance is passed ordering the sewer. The city engineer advertises for bids, and when the work is com- pleted the cost is assessed against all of the real estate in the district, in proportion to the number of square feet contained in each lot. Special tax bills are issued, which bear 6 per cent interest after thirty days. The contractor is placed under bond to keep his work in repair for one year. By this method the burden of sewer building has been lightened, and, as a consequence, the drainage of St. Jo- seph is excellent. * * * STREET PAVING.— From 1866 to 1873 the topography of the city underwent a great transformation. The grader opened streets, leveled hills and filled hollows ; many miles of macadam were put down in the business and residence portions of the city. There had been street paving in the neighborhood of the Market square before the war, but the streets in general were in bad condition. Nor did the enterprising people of St. Joseph stop at home in their zeal for paving, but they went across the river — or at least their money ..did — and aided in the building of a rock road from Elwood west. Bonds in the sum of $25,000 were voted for this purpose, and the money was doubtless returned indirectly by the farmers who came to the city over the highway. Portions of the rock road are still in existence, though in bad repair. The panic of 1873 checked all public improvements, and for the next thirteen years little paving was done. By 1886 the business streets were in wretched condition. The macadam was worn in many places beyond repair. Omaha was putting down asphaltum pavements. Dr. Thomas H. Doyle, who had been elected mayor upon the issue of good streets, was a strong advocate of asphaltum, and a committee that visited Omaha brought back satisfactory re- ports. The real estate boom was on and the prospects seemed bril- liant. There was no difficulty in securing signers for street paving, and so the work began, in the summer of 1886. Felix and Edmond streets were paved with asphaltum, and Francis street to Frederick avenue ; as were also Fourth street, from Felix to Olive, and Third street, from Jule street to Messanie. In 1887 Sixth street was paved with asphaltum from Atchison street to Hall, and Frederick avenue BUCHANAN COUNTY /i.ND ST. JOSEPH. 125 from Eighth street to its terminus. In 1888 cedar blocks were put down on Twentieth and on Faraon streets, and during the same year many miles of macadam were laid in the residence districts. In 1890 vitrified brick was introduced, and with this material Francis street was paved from Frederick avenue to Thirteenth street, Main street from Felix to Isidore, and Fifth street from Patee to Antoine. In 1891 brick paving was laid on Messanie street from Second street to Eighth, on Lafayette street from Twenty-second to Twenty-eighth, and on Olive from Twenty-sixth to Twenty-eighth. In 1892 Charles street, from Second street to Twelfth, was paved with brick ; in 1893 Jule street, from Main street to Sixth, and Fourth street, from Fran- cis street to Faraon, were similarly paved. For the next four years no paving except macadam was put down, and not much of that. In the fall of 1897 Third street was paved with asphaltum from Jule street to Franklin. Seventh street, from Olive to Robidoux, is to be paved with asphaltum also. CHAPTER XII. MUNICIPAL OFFICES AND THEIR INCUMBENTS.— THE BOARD OF TOWN TRUSTEES, AND THE CITY COUN- CIL.— PRESIDENT AND MAYOR, CLERK, REGISTER AND AUDITOR, COLLECTOR AND TREASURER AND COMPTROLLER.— THE ENGINEER.— THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT.— ASSESSOR, COUNSELOR, STREET COMMISSIONER, LICENSE INSPECTOR, SUPERIN- TENDENDENT OF BUILDINGS, BOILER INSPECTOR, AND MINOR OFFICERS.— SALARIES, TERMS OF OFFICE AND DUTIES. The municipal affairs of St. Joseph, like those of other incor- porated communities, have always been administered by men chosen by the people. As a town the administrative function was vested in a board of seven trustees, who selected one of their number as president. The first board, elected in 1845, was composed of Joseph Robidoux, president; Isadore Barada, John F. Carter, Johnson Copeland, Wiley M. English, Sinclair K. Miller and Benjamin Powell. The next board, in 1846, was composed of Wiley M. Eng- lish, president ; Preston T. Moss, Johnson Copeland, Allen G. Mans- field, Posey TS[. Smith, Henry S. Creal and Joseph Robidoux. The board for 1847 was composed of Henry S. Creal, president; Wiley M. English, Johnson Copeland, Preston T. Moss, Edward Searcy, William H. High, Aaron Lewis and James B. Gardenhire. The board for 1848 was composed of Lewis Tracy, president; Joseph Smith, WiHiam Ridenbaugh, Preston T. Moss, Samuel D. Over- street, Thomas Wildbahn and James A. Anthony. The board for 1849 was composed of James A. Anthony, president; John White- head, Henry S. Creal, Thomas Price, Wiley M. English, Thomas Wildbahn and Lewis Tracy. The last board was composed of James A. Anthony, president; Lewis Tracy, John Rhode, William M. Carter, James B. Pendleton, Abraham M. Dillon and Lewis Stigers. As a city the chief executive has been the mayor and the legisla- tive powers have been vested in a council composed of two repre- sentatives from each ward. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 127 MAYORS. — Thomas Mills, the first mayor, was elected in April, 1851, and served one year. His successors were as follows: Robert Lamdin, 1852-53; James A. Anthony, 1853-54; Robert Boyle, 1854-55; Jonathan M. Bassett, 1855-56; John Corby, 1856-57; Armstrong Beattie, 1857-59; M. Jeff Thompson, 1859-60; Arm- strong Beattie, 1860-61; Frederick W. Smith, 1861-62; Thomas Harbine, 1862-64; W. R. Penick, 1864-66; Armstrong Beattie, 1866- 67; Dr. Francis J. Davis, 1867-68; George H. Hall, 1868-70; John Severance, 1870-74; Isaac T. Hosea, 1874-78; Armstrong Beattie, 1878-80; Joseph A. Finer, 1880-82; Francis M. Postegate, 1882-84; H. R. \\'. Hartwig, 1884-86; Dr. Thomas H. Doyle, 1886-88; George J. Englehart, 1888-90; William M. Shepherd, 1890-96; Lawrence A. Vories, 1896-98; Dr. Peter J. Kirschner, 1898, the present incum- bent. THE COUNCIL. — The first council, elected in 1851, was com- posed as follows, there being but three wards : First ward, John Angel, James Pendleton; Second ward, William M. Carter, James Pendleton ; Third ward, James A. Anthony, John H. Whitehead. For the ensuing years the representation was as follows : For 1852-53 — First ward, John Angel, James B. Pendleton; Second ward, Joel J. Penick, W. M. Carter; Third ward, John H. Whitehead, B. F. Loan. For 1853-54 — First ward, H. D. Louthen, B. O'DriscoU; Sec- ond ward, W. M. Carter, Joel Penick ; Third ward, John H. White- head, Thomas Wildbahn. For 1854-55 — First ward, John C. Cargill, Emery Livermore; Second ward, Robert W. Donnell, Joseph C. Hull; Third ward, Thomas Wildbahn, Robert L. McGhee. For 1855-56 — First ward, H. D. Louthen, James B. Pendleton; Second ward, Joseph C. Hull, Preston T. Moss ; Third ward, Arm- strong Beattie, J. O. Fisher. For 1856-57 — First ward, John Angel, James B. Pendleton; Sec- ond ward, Preston T. Moss, O. B. Knode; Third ward, Armstrong Beattie, John O. Fisher. For 1857-58 — First ward, Frederick W. Smith, N. J. McAshan; Second ward, O. B. Knode, Charles Kearney; Third ward, John J. Johnson, Samuel Floyd. For 1858-59 — First ward, J. N. McAshan, John Rhode ; Second ward, O. B. Knode, J. A. Chambers; Third ward, John J. Johnson, Samuel G. Floyd. 128 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. For 1859-60 — First ward, Michael McGee, William Lennox; Second ward, Thomas Keys, Wm. J. Taylor; Third ward, James Highly, Samuel G. Floyd. For 1860-61 — First ward, Wm. R. Penick, John Rhode ; Second ■ ward, D. J. Heaton, Robert F. Maxwell ; Third ward, J. J. Johnson, P. L. McLaughlin. For 1861-62 — First ward, Michael McGee, Louis Hax; Second ward, A. G. Clark, John Saunders; Third ward, James A. Storm, Samuel H. Boyd. For 1862-63 — First ward, James Tracy, Elias Eppstein ; Second ward, George T. Hoagland, William Fowler; Third ward, Joseph C. Hull, John Colhoun. For 1863-64— First ward, J. D. McNeely, G. W. H. Landon; Second ward, Anton Klos, R. Fisher; Third ward, Henry Boder, Joseph Steinacker. For 1864-65 — There were now five wards, represented as fol- lows : First ward, Thos. H. Ritchie, Wm. Z. Ransom ; Second ward, John R. Bell, W. L. Chadwick ; Third ward, John Corby, George T. Hoagland ; Fourth ward, J. D. McNeely, A. Andriano ; Fifth ward, H. N. Turner, Jeremiah Whalen. For 1865-66 — First ward, W. Z. Ransom, Wm. M. Albin; Sec- ond ward, W. L. Chadwick, John Colhoun ; Third ward, John Corby, George T. Hoagland ; Fourth ward, J. D. McNeeley, A. Andriano ; Fifth ward, H. N. Turner, Isaac Wilkins. For 1866-67— First ward, W. Z. Ransom, Wm. M. Albin ; Sec- ond ward, W. L. Chadwick, Edward R. Brandow; Third ward, George T. Hoagland, Samuel Hays; Fourth ward, A. Andiano, Bernard Patton; Fifth ward, Jeremiah Whalen, Isaac Wilkins. For 1867-68 — First ward, W. Z. Ransom, Phillip Pinger; Sec- ond ward, J. H. Dayton, Robert Gunn; Third ward, John Corby, John A. Dolman; Fourth ward, J. D. McNeely, David H. Winton; Fifth ward, Patrick H. Early, M. Fitzgerald. For i868-6g — First ward, W. Z. Ransom, Florence Kiley ; Sec- ond ward, I. Van Riley, O. M. Smith ; Third ward, John A. Dolman, Thomas E. Tootle; Fourth ward, David H. Winton, Michael Mc- Gee; Fifth ward, Patrick Early, M. Fitzgerald. For 1869-70 — First ward, Florence Kiley, J. C. Kessler; Second ward, Robert Gunn, I. Van Riley; Third ward, John A. Dolman, J. A. V. McNeal ; Fourth ward, D. H. Winton, Phillip Pinger ; Fifth ward, Patrick Early, M. Fitzgerald. For 1870-71 — First ward, J. C. Kessler, Seymour Jenkins; Sec- ond ward, Robert Gunn, George Buell; Third ward, A. C. V. Mc- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 129 Neal, C. W. Davenport ; Fourth ward, Phillip Pinger, George Hil- debrant; Fifth ward, M. Fitzgerald, Henry Blum. For 1871-72 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Joseph Diedrich: Second ward, George Buell, Fred Westpheling ; Third ward, C. W. Davenport, Edwin Toole ; Fourth ward, George R. Hildebrant, John Burnside ; Fifth ward, Henry Blum, James Bowen. For 1872-73 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Joseph Diedrich; Second ward, Fred Westpheling, Oscar Schramm ; Third ward, Ed- win Toole, Isaac Curd ; Fourth ward, John Burnside, John Kieffer ; Fifth ward, James Bowen, E. W. Ray. For 1873-74 — Eirst ward, Seymour Jenkins, Joseph Diedrich; Second ward, Oscar Schramm, J. H. Dayton; Third ward, Isaac Curd, James M. Street; Fourth ward, George R. Hildebrant, John Kieffer ; Fifth ward, Joseph Hermann, E. W. Ray. For 1874-75 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Joseph Diedrich; Second ward, Oscar Schramm, J. H. Dayton ; Third ward, James M. Street, Donald M. McDonald ; Fourth ward, George R. Hildebrant, Wm. Sidenfaden ; Fifth ward, Joseph Hermann, Michael Kiley. For 1875-76 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Joseph Diedrich; Second ward, Oscar Schramm, J. H. Dayton ; Third ward, James M. Street, Wm. H. Wood; Fourth ward, George R. Hildebrant, Wm. Sidenfaden ; Fifth ward, Michael Kiley, Joseph Hermann. For 1876-77 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Jacob Arnholt; Sec- ond ward, Oscar Schramm, J. H. Dayton; Third ward, Wm. H. Wood, Thomas H. Hail ; Fourth ward, J. D. McNeely, Wm. Siden- faden; Fifth ward, Michael Kiley, Charles Michaelis. For 1877-78 — First ward, Jacob Arnholt, Charles Howe; Sec- ond ward, J. H. Dayton, George W. Morris; Third ward, Thomas H. Hail, H. C. Cockrill; Fourth ward, Wm. Sidenfaden, Joseph H. Mclnerny ; Fifth ward, John Kieffer, Thomas Aylesbury. For 1878-79 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Charles Howe; Sec- ond ward, George W. Morris ; Third ward, Thomas H. Hail, H. C. Cockrill; Fourth ward, J. D. McNeely, Joseph Mclnerny; Fifth ward, Thomas Aylesbury, Maurice Hickey. For 1879-80 — First v/ard, Seymour Jenkins, John Newcum; Second ward, George W. Morris, I. B. Thompson; Third ward, Chas. W. Campbell, Samuel Westheimer ; Fourth ward, Joseph Mc- lnerny, J. D. McNeely; Fifth ward, Thomas Aylesbury, Maurice Hickey. For 1880-81 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, John Newcum; Second ward, George W. Morris, I. B. Thompson ; Third ward, Sam- I30 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Westheimer, Chas. W. Campbell; Fourth ward, Joseph Mclnerny, J. W. Atwill ; Fifth ward, Thos. Aylesbury, Maurice Hickey. For 1881-82 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Stephen Geiger; Second ward, John S. Lemon, I. B. Thompson; Third ward, Chas. W. Campbell, Samuel Westheimer ; Fourth ward, J. W. Atwill, Egid Wagner; Fifth ward, R. Womach, Wm. O'Hara. For 1882-83 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Willis M. Sher- wood; Second ward, Simon Stern, I. B. Thompson; Third ward, Jacob Geiger, Samuel Westheimer ; Fourth ward, Joseph Mclnerny, Egid Wagner; Fifth ward, Thos. Winston, John Kieffer. For 1883-84 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Willis M. Sher- wood ; Second ward, Simon Stern, J. M. Austin ; Third ward, Sam- uel Westheimer, Jacob Geiger; Fourth ward, Joseph Mclnerny, Egid Wagner ; Fifth ward, Thomas Winston, Wm. Valentine. For 1884-85 — First ward, Seymour Jenkins, Ben B. Turner; Second ward, Simon Stern, J. M. Austin; Third ward, Stephen F. Carpenter, Samuel Westheimer; Fourth ward, Joseph Mclnerny, John Giller ; Fifth ward, Thomas Winston, Wm. Valentine. For 1885-86— First ward, Charles Nowland, B. B. Turner; Sec- ond ward, Simon Stern, J. M. Austin ; Third ward, S. F. Carpenter, Ewald Padberg; Fourth ward, Charles T. Nicholls, John Giller; Fifth ward, Thomas Winston, Wm. Valentine. For 1886-87 — First ward, Charles Nowland, Thos. R. Ashbrook; Second ward, James H. Lewis, George W. Morris; Third ward, Justus C. Gregg, Ewald Padberg; Fourth ward, William H. Jones, Oscar M. Spalsbury; Fifth ward, William E. Jamieson, John B. Ryan. For 1887-88— First ward, Chas. Nowland, Thos. R. Ashbrook; Second ward, George W. Morris, (Mr. Lewis resigned and his place was left vacant); Third ward, J. C. Gregg, Ewald Padberg; Fourth ward, Wm. H. Jones, O. M. Spalsbury; Fifth ward, Wm. E. Jamie- son, John B. Ryan. For 1888-89— First ward, Wilfred McDonald, Henry Luch- singer; Second ward. Nelson J. Riley, Samuel Ostrander; Third ward, Jacob Geiger, Henry Ellinger ; Fourth ward, Rufus Todd, S. O. Brooks; Fifth ward, Wm. E. Jamieson, John B. Ryan. For 1889-90— First ward, Wilfred McDonald, David E. Mar- shall; Second ward, N. J. Riley, Samuel Ostrander; Third ward, Jacob Geiger^ Henry Ellinger ; Fourth ward, Rufus Todd, Edward Felling; Fifth ward, Wm. E. Jamieson, A. E. Arnell. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 131 For 1890-91 — In 1890 the city limits were extended and the ter- ritory divided into eight wards. There were sixteen aldermen as follows : First ward, Hans Nelson, Wm. Dersch ; Second ward, James M. Hall, D. E. Marshall; Third ward, Samuel Ostrander, J. W. Lancaster ; Fourth ward, John L. Zeidler, T. W. Hackett ; Fifth ward, Patrick Martin, Henry EUinger; Sixth ward, Joseph Hermann, Edward B. Felling; Seventh ward, Stephen T. Pendleton, A. E. Amell ; Eighth ward, Charles A. Pfeiffer, James W. Mansfield. For 1891-92 — First ward, Hans Nielson, Wm. Dersch; Second ward, James M. Hall, Thomas N. Finch; Third ward, Albert B. Duncan, J. W .Lancaster; Fourth ward, F. K. Doniphan, John Zeidler; Fifth ward, Patrick Martin, Henry Ellinger; Sixth ward, Joseph Hermann, John Combe ; Seventh ward, S. T. Pendleton, W. E. Jamieson ; Eighth ward, Charles A. Pfeiffer, Wm. M. Rush, Jr. For 1892-93 — First ward, James Burlington, Wm. Dersch; Sec- ond ward, C. F. Meyer, Thos. N. Finch ; Third ward, A. B. Duncan, Thos. R. Bretz ; Fourth ward, F. K. Doniphan, Robert Baker ; Fifth ward, Patrick Martin, George M. Goode; Sixth ward, Wm. L. Buechle, John Combe ; Seventh ward, J. W. Stouffer, W. E. Jamie- son; Eighth ward, Charles J. Borden, Wm. M. Rush, Jr. For 1893-94 — First ward, James Burlington, Horace Wood; Second ward, C. F. Meyer, John D. Clark; Third ward, Thos. R. Bretz, Daniel Ransom ; Fourth ward, R. E. Baker, R. M. Abercrom- "bie; Fifth ward, Geo. M. Good, George L. Jewett; Sixth ward, W. L. Buechle, J. W. Powers; Seventh ward, J. W. Stouffer, M. M. Duggan ; Eighth ward, Chas. J. Borden, Samuel Gosnell. For 1894-95 — First ward, John Custer, Horace Wood; Second ward, John D. Clark, Stephen F. Geiger ; Third ward, Daniel Ran- som, Andrew J. Smith; Fourth ward, R. M. Abercrombie, W. J. Browne; Fifth ward, George M. Good, George Geiwitz; Sixth ward, W. L. Buechle, J. W. Powers ; Seventh ward, M. M. Duggan, E. H. Giles ; Eighth ward, Chas. J. Borden, Samuel Gosnell. For 1895-96 — First ward, John E.' Custer, Hans Nielson ; Sec- ond ward, S. F. Geiger, Wm. H. Finch; Third ward, A. J. Smith, F. M. Lemon; Fourth ward, R. M. Abercrombie, W. J. Browne; Fifth ward, J. G.. Geiwitz, G. D. Berry; Sixth ward, W. L. Buechle, Louis Prawitz ; Seventh ward, L. H. Giles, W. E. Jamieson ; Eighth ward, Ci J. Borden, A. S. Long. For 1896-97 — First ward, John E. Custer, Hans Nielson ; Sec- ond ward, James M. Cline, W. H. Finch; Third ward, John W. Bruce, F. M. Lemon; Fourth ward, R. M. Abercrombie, W. J. 132 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Browne ; Fifth ward, C. A. Tygart, G. D. Berry ; Sixth ward, D. H. Schmidt, Louis Prawitz; Seventh ward, W. J. Robertson, W. E. Jamieson ; Eighth ward, C. J. Borden, A. S. Long. For 1897-98 — First ward, John E. Custer, Fred E. Ernst; Sec- ond ward, James M. CHne, W. H. Finch; Third ward, John W. Bruce, F. C. Kuehl ; Fourth ward, G. V. Koch, W. J. Browne ; Fifth ward, C. A. Tygart, George W. Akers ; Sixth ward, Richard Garvey, D. H. Schmidt; Seventh ward, W. J. Robertson, J. L. Meyer; Eighth ward, C. J. Borden, A. M. Twedell. For 1898-99 — First ward, Fred E. Ernst, Phil Hall; Second ward, Wm. H. Finch, Wm. H. Smith; Third ward, F. C. Kuehl, John W. Bruce; Fourth ward, E. M. Birkes, G. V. Koch; Fifth ward, George W. Akers, John H. Kelly ; Sixth ward, Richard Garvey, E. M. Chandlee; Seventh ward, J. L. Meyer, Henry Felling; Eighth ward, A. M. Twedell, Nels P. Sommer. The council passes laws for the government of the city, author- izes the expenditures of money, levies taxes, grants franchises, con- firms or rejects appointments, and exercises a general legislative power over the corporation. One of the members is elected president each year. For the purpose of facilitating business, the president appoints standing committees, of three members, on finance, streets and alleys, public improvements, public health, fire department, workhouse, public buildings, water and gas, ordinances, street light- ing, claims, rules, auditing, judiciary and legislation. When a meas- ure is introduced it is referred to the committee which has in charge such matters. This committee makes a report at some future time, after consideration, and the council is generally governed by the re- port. It requires a majority of the members present to pass a meas- ure. The president of the council is authorized to act as mayor in the absence of that official. CLERK, REGISTER AND AUDITOR.— The late General Ben. F. Loan was appointed clerk and attorney at the first session of the town trustees, in 1845. Levi T. Carr was clerk in 1846, James B. Gardenhire, afterwards attorney general of Missouri, in 1847; Ben F. Loan in 1848, A. D. Madeira in 1849. In 1850-51, the late Joseph J. Wyatt, father of J. G. and George Wyatt, held the office. He was the last clerk of the town board. Under the city charter which went into operation in 185 1, the city register's office was created. The register was a combination of secretary to the council and city accountant. The office was first BUCHANAN. COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 133 held by Milton H. Wash, who served 1851-56, and who compiled and published the first city ordinances. William C. Toole succeeded Mr. Wash and served 1856-64, when the late John A. Dolman was elected. Major Dolman served 1864-66 and was succeeded by Thos. H. Ritchie, who served 1866-68. Col. Robert C. Bradshaw, who had distinguished himself in the war, was elected in 1868, and served two years. In 1870 W. W. Brown was elected and served four years, being succeeded by Hardin A. Davis, who served until 1877, when he was succeeded by Enos J. Crowther, who served until 1880. The late James H. Ringo was elected in 1880 and was succeeded in 1882 by the late Francis M. Tufts. Mr. Tufts was the last register. He was elected in 1884, for two years. When the new charter was adopted he resigned and was made auditor. Purd B. Wright was the first city clerk. He was appointed in April, 1885, and served continuously until April, 1896. Mr. Wright created numerous features of this office and brought order out of a wilderness. His work, his indices and his classifications are of im- measurable value to the city. He was succeeded by Charles S. Shep- herd, the present incumbent. Mr. Wright is now librarian of the free public library. The city clerk is appointed by the mayor and council. The register was elected by the people. Mr. Tufts was succeeded as auditor by Harry C. Carter, in 1888. Oswald M. Gilmer was elected in 1890, and served four years. He was succeeded in April, 1894, by Thomas R. Ashbrook, the present incumbent, who has twice been re-elected by the people. COLLECTOR AND TREASURER.— The constable collected the taxes under the town organization, and the marshal under the city organization, up to 1866. Thomas Henry was the first collector, serving 1866-70. He was succeeded by H. R. W. Hartwig, who served 1870-72. George M. Hauck served 1872-74; Daniel T. Lysaght, 1874-76; James A. Millan, 1876-78; H. N. Turner, 1878-80; Joseph Andriano, 1880-84; Harry C. Carter, 1884-85. The collector paid the moneys over to the city treasurer, who was generally connected with one of the local banks. Robert I. Boyd and John Curd kept the city's moneys in the town days, and John Curd was city treasurer from 1851 to 1863. George Lyon suc- ceeded Mr. Curd and served three years. In 1866-68 Samuel Mc- Gibbens was treasurer, and was succeeded by W. H. Collins, who served one year. Ignatz G. Kappner served 1870-73; H. N. Turner, 134 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND- ST. JOSEPH 1873-74; W. B. Johnson, 1874-77; George C. Hull, 1877-79; George W. Belt, 1879-81; Christian Frenger, 1881-82; Thomas W. Evans, 1882-84; John Colhoun, 1884-85. The collector was elected by the people and the treasurer appointed by the mayor. Under the charter oi 1885, these offices were merged. Harry Carter, who had been elected collector in 1884, for two years, resigned and was appointed collector and treasurer for the year 1885-86. The collector received fees under the old system and the treasurer received a salary. The office is now elective and the salary is fixed by the council. Harry Carter was elected to succeed himself, and served 1886-88, when he was succeeded by George C. Crowther, who served 1888-92. Joseph Albus served 1892-96, and was succeeded by Rice D. Gilkey, the present incumbent. THE COMPTROLLER.— This office is a check upon the au- ditor and treasurer. Nor can any money be appropriated by the city unless the comptroller certifies that the amount is in the treasury to the credit of the fund from which it is to be drawn. He also coun- tersigns all warrants upon the treasury, redeems outstanding bonds, pays interest coupons, and is the city's fiscal officer. Gen. James Craig was the first comptroller, the office having been created under the new charter. He was appointed in April of 1885 and served two years. In 1887 he was succeeded by William B. Johnson, who served until 1895, when he was succeeded by John P. Strong, who served two years, and was succeeded in 1897 by M. M. Riggs, the present incumbent. * * * THE CITY ENGINEER.— In the early days there was a town surveyor. The first man to hold this position was Capt. F. W. Smith, whose plat of the town Robidoux had accepted. He was succeeded in 1846 by Simeon Kemper, who had also made a plat, that was re- jected, which is to be deplored, more at this late day than ever, as Mr. Kemper's plat is said to have been provided with wider streets than Captain Smith's plat. Mr. Kemper served until St. Joseph be- came a city. Charles Schreiber was the first city engineer, serving 1851-54, when he was succeeded by M. Jeff Thompson, who served 1854-56. Simeon Kemper served in 1856-57, and was succeeded by Char'es Hausding, who served 1857-59. P- K. O'Donnell was en- gineer in 1859-62, and was in turn succeeded by Mr. Hausding, who served 1862-66. John Severance served 1866-70, when he was BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 135 elected mayor. John Quigly succeeded Colonel Severance, serving 1870-76, and was succeeded by Thomas Long, who served 1876-77. M. J. McCabe was engineer 1877-82, and was succeeded by Frank Fanning, who served 1882-85, when he was in turn succeeded by M. J. McCabe, who served until 1891, when Charles W. Campbell, Jr., took the office. Mr. Campbell served until May of 1898, when he was succeeded by J. R. Rackliffe, the present incumbent. He ^ ^ THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT.— During the California emigration days, when St. Joseph was filled with a miscellaneous population that lived principally out-of-doors, waiting for the grass to come, it became necessary to have a health officer to enforce sani- tation. Dr. Daniel G. Keedy was appointed by the board of town trustees in 1849, ^^'^ served one year. He was succeeded by Dr. Josiah H. Crane, who held the office for two years, being the first appointee of the mayor and council when St. Joseph became a city. The plac!te has been held by the following physicians since then : Dr. James Sykes, 1852-55; Dr. John A. Chambers, 1855-56; Dr. Crane, 1856-57; Dr. C. F. Knight, 1857-58; Dr. J. G. Meacher, 1858-60; Dr. Knight, 1860-61; Dr. Hugh Trevor, 1861-62; Dr. W. I. Hed- dens, 1862-64; Dr. James F. Bruner, 1864-66; Dr. F. T. Davis, 1866- 67; Dr. A. V. Banes, 1867-69; Dr. J. D. Smith, 1870-71 ; Dr. Knight, 1871-72; Dr. J. A. Gore, 1872-73; Dr. Knight, 1873-74; Dr. J. M. D. France, 1874-75; Dr: D. L Christopher, 5875-77; Dr. Thdg. H. Doyle, 1877-79; Dr. Gore, 1879-80; Dr. P. J.~ Kirschner, 1880-82; Dr. F. C. Hoyt, 1882-84; Dr. J. A. French, 1884-86; Dr. Charles O'Ferrall, 1886-88; Dr. Wm. H. Geiger, 1888-90; Dr. J. T. Berg- hoff, 1890-92; Dr. Thos. K. Sawyer, 1892-94; Dr. Wm. H. Geiger, 1894-96; Dr. W. B. Davis, 1896-98. Dr. J. K. Graham is the present incumbent. In 1890-92, Dr. W. T. Elam was assistant health officer to Dr. Berghoff. In 1894-96, Dr. J. R. A. Crossland (colored) was assist- ant to Dr. Geiger. In 1896-97, Dr. Levi Long was assistant to Dr. Davis, and in 1897-98, Dr. Graham was Dr. Davis' assistant. In 1890, a city dispensary was established and the office of city chemist created. The dispensary was located at the city hall. The duties of the chemist were to analyze milk and food, to compound charity prescriptions, to act as clerk of the board of health, issue burial permits and to keep vital statistics. Logan D. Currin was the first city chemist. He was succeeded by Ed E. Hunter, who 136 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH held the place continuously until the office was abolished in the first part of the present fiscal year, 1898-99. The office of assistant health officer was also abolished at the same time. Under the present plan the steward of the hospital, who is also required to be a physician, fills all of these places. THE ASSESSOR.— There has always been an assessor, for where taxes are to be levied there must be a valuation of property. Charles White was the first assessor of the town of St. Joseph, serv- ing in 1845. The office was held in 1846 by George W. Waller, in 1847 by Mi'.ton H. Wash, in 1848 by Simeon Kemper, who was also surveyor at the same time ; in 1849 by H. S. Smith, and in 1850 by James O'Donoghue. The; first assessor under the city charter was Isadbr Poulin, who served 1851-52. This office has since been held as follows: F. H. Wright, 1852-53; James A. Owen, 1853-54; Felix Robidoux, 1854-55 ; Wm. C. Toole, 1855-56 ; John A. Dolman, 1856- 57; James A. Owen, 1857-59; Charles M. Thompson, 1859-60; Preston T. Moss, 1860-61: Joseph McAleer, 1861-62; Cyrus E. Kemp, 1862-63; E. H. Saville, 1863-64; John Angel, 1864-65; John B. Harder, 1865-66; James A. Matney, 1866-67; John E. McGinty, 1867-68; John O'Donoghue, 1868-69; James A. Matney, 1869-70; E. H. Saville, 1870-71 ; J. B. Hawley, 1871-72 ; Wm. Drumhiller, 1872-73; James H. Ringo, 1873-75; James A. Millan, 1875-77; John T. Baldwin, 1877-78; Robert C. Bradshaw, 1879-82; Joseph Thomp- son, 1882-84; Thomas Kelly, 1884-85; Ishmael Davis, 1885-86; D. M. McDonald, 1886-87; Joseph E. Cook, 1887-89; John P. Strong, 1889-95; Caleb B, Lucas, 1895-97; George B. AUee, 1897-98. This is an appointive office, filled in odd years, and i*ts term, though formerly one year, is two years now. COUNSELOR. — Prior to 1877 there was no regularly employed attorney to give advice to the mayor and council and to defend suits against the city. At least none is mentioned in the chronicles. The first regular counselor, as near as can be ascertained, was Benjamin R. Vineyard, who was appointed by' Mayor Beattie in 1877. Mr. Vineyard served until the spring of 1879 and was succeeded by An- drew Royal, who served 1879-80. Mordecai Oliver was counselor to Mayor Piner in the first year of his administration, 1880-81, and Samuel B. Green in the second year, 1881-82. Vinton Pike held the IHB PRESENT CITl HALL. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 137 position under Mayor Posegate, 18^2-84, and was succeeded by James Limbird, under Mayor Hartwig, 1884-86. Under Mayor Doyle, 1886-88, Thomas F. Ryan was counselor, and he was suc- ceeded by Morris A. Reed, who served 1888-91, two years under Mayor Englehart and one year under Mayor Shepherd. Samuel P. Huston served 1891-95 and was succeeded by William K. Amick, who served 1895-97 ^"^ was succeeded by Benjamin J. Casteel, the priesent incumbent. The office is filled by appointment in the odd- numbered years. STREET COMMISSIONER.— In 1846, the board of trustees of the town of St. Joseph found it necessary to have the streets looked after and repaired, so they appointed William King street commis- sioner. It was a one-year office in those days and was held in 1847 by David J. Heaton, in 1848 by William King, in 1849 by V. TuUar, and in 1850 by William Langston. Johnson Copeland was the first street commissioner under the city charter, serving 1851-52. Then came the following incumbents: James Connell, 1852-54; Jesse B. Lowe, 1854-55; A. L. Creal, 1855-56; Robert Dixon, 1856-57; A. L. Creal, 1857-59; Thomas Byrne, 1859-60; Charles Lehman, 1860- 61 ; John Sheehan, 1861-62; John B. Harder, 1862-65; Wm. B. Gil- more, 1865-66; J. L. Bowen, 1866-67; John Sheehan, 1867-68; John Bloomer, 1868-69; G. B. Skinner, 1869-70; Wm. Frick, 1870-72; Nat Hammond, 1872-74; John Clark, 1874-77; Florence Kiley, 1877-80; Isaac N. Brooks, 1880-81; Henry W. Dunn, 1881-82; H. N. Turner, 1882-84; Patrick Mclntyre, 1884-86; Thomas A. Carson, 1886-88; W. G. W. Ritchie, 1888-90; Henry Luchsinger, 1890-91; J. B. Vance, 1891-92; Peter Bowen, 1892-93; Samuel J. Jeffries, 1893-94; Francis M. Posegate, 1894-96; Henry Gibson, 1896-98; Abraham Furst, 1898. The street commissioner formerly superin- tended the workhouse and fed the prisoners, but such has not been the case since 1885. * * * LICENSE INSPECTOR.— This office was created in 1885, and James W. Fowler was the first incumbent. He was succeeded in 1889 by Joseph E. Cook, who served until 1893. Edward Burns served 1893-95. John D. Clark served 1895-97, ^nd was succeeded by Louis Herwig, the present incumbent. This office is charged with the enforcement of the license ordinances and the incumbent is also the inspector of weights and measures. 138 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST, JOSEPH SUPERINTENDENT OF BUILDINGS.— This office was created in 1886 and Seymour Jenkins was the first inspector, serving two years. He was followed by Myron Lytle, 1888-90; Joseph Mas^ sard, 1890-92; Thomas Winn, 1892-94; George W. Bulger, 1894- 96. Lyman W. Forgrave is the present incumbent. This officer issues permits for the erection of buildings. He is charged with the enforcement of the ordinances relating to construction, and has the power to condemn unsafe or unsanitary buildings. He is appointed, holds his office during good behavior, and receives $900 per annum salary. * =!= * MINOR OFFICERS.— The city weighmaster is stationed at Patee market. At one time there were public scales at the work- house, at the east end of Frederick avenue, at Tenth and Francis streets, and at Seventh and Messanie streets. These have all been abandoned. The market-master and the city chimney sweep are appointed by the mayor, as is also the public impounder. The sidewalk inspector was formerly part of the engineer's corps, but is now appointed by the mayor. The sewer inspector is an em- ploye of the engineer's office. The boiler inspector, appointed by the mayor, is charged with the inspection of steam aparatus. Phillip Hart, the first inspector, was appointed in 1886 and served until 1892, when he was succeeded by George Zipf, who served two years and was in turn succeeded by Phillip Hart, who served until 1887, when he was succeeded by Gus- tav Geis, the present incumbent. In connection with this office there is a board of two examiners, appointed by the mayor, who pass upon the qualifications of steam engineers. During the days of steamboat traffic there was a wharfmaster, whose duty it was to regulate affairs at the landing. During the latter 6o's and 70's there was also a wood inspector, whose duty it was to certify to the quantity of wood in a load. TERMS A'ND SALARIES.— There is a city election on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in April of each year. The mayor, collector, auditor, police judge, city attorney and eight alder- men-at-large are elected in the even-numbered years. A local alder- man from each ward is elected in the odd-numbered years. The other city officers are appointed by the mayor and council. The BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 139 terms of all officials except the building inspector and attaches of the fire and police department, are two years. The salaries are fixed by ordinance before the term of office begins. At this time the mayor receives a salary of $2,400 per annum. The treasurer receives a sal- ary of $2,000 and five per cent on all delinquent taxes he collects ; he is authorized to employ one deputy. The auditor receives $1,800 per annum and is provided with a clerk. The poHce judge receives $T,200 per annum and the prosecuting attorney $1,000. The alder- men are paid at the rate of $4 for each meeting they attend, but can- not draw to exceed $300 per annum. The following are the officers appointed in the even years, to- gether with their compensation: Superintendent of streets, $1,000; superintendent of workhouse, $600 and 15 cents* per meal; health officer, $1,000; steward of hospital, $900 and 15 cents per meal; im- pounder, fees; market-master, $600; weighmaster, $600; sidewalk mspector, $900. The following are appointed in the odd years : Counselor, $2,000 ; engineer, $2,300; comptroller, $1,800 and deputy; city clerk, $1,500 and deputy; assessor, $1,000; license inspector, $900; boiler in- spector, $1,000; two examining engineers, $75 each; chimney-sweep, fees. The park commissioner, one member of the charity board and three members of the library board are appointed each year, the terms being three years. No salaries or emoluments are attached to these places. The engineer appoints his deputies, who are paid out of an ex- pense fund provided for his department. The assessor is also au- thorized to employ deputies during January, February and March of each year. The chief of the fire department is appointed by the mayor and holds his office during good behavior, as do also the employes of the fire department. He receives a salary of $1,800 per annum, and his assistant receives $1,200. Foremen receive $75 per month, and fire- men receive $60 per month for the first year of service and $70 per month for subsequent years. The superintendent of electric light is appointed by the mayor and holds his office during good behavior. His salary is $1,800 per annum. The attaches to his department are appointed by the coun- cil committee on street lighting. Workhouse guards are selected by the superintendent of that institution and the council committee on workhouse. They receive I40 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH $50 per month and hold appointments at the pleasure of the commit- tee. The superintendent of streets and the council committee on streets and alleys employ the men engaged in cleanitag streets. The repair of streets, however, is with the engineer's department. The park board employs those engaged in the public parks, and the library board those engaged at the free public library. CHAPTER XIII. MUNICIPAL EQUIPMENT.— THE WATERWORKS.— ELEC- TRIC LIGHTING.— GAS COMPANIES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT. — TELEPHONE COMPANIES.— STREET RAILWAYS.— OMNIBUS AND HERDIC COACH LINES.— HISTORICAL FACTS CONCERNING THE ABOVE MENTIONED INSTITUTIONS. In 1875 an unsuccessful effort was made to secure a public water system for St. Joseph. The matter was not permitted to slumber, however; and the close of 1879 saw the project well under way to success. On December i, 1879, the council passed an ordinance agreeing to contract with W. S. Fitz, John W. Rutherford and their associates for waterworks, when these men had formed a corpora- tion to build such works. The sum of $5,000 was deposited with the city treasurer as a guarantee that this company would be formed and incorporated within ten days. On December 10, 1879, the council passed an ordinance granting the St. Joseph Water Company the right to construct works on the reservoir gravitation plan, to lay mains, etc. The city reserved the right, at its option, at the expiration of ten years from the date of the approval of the ordinance, to purchase the waterworks, including all pipes, attachments, extensions, franchises, etc., upon giving six months' ],'reviou? notice in writing; the city and water company each to appoint a person and the two to select a third to appraise the prop- erty. The city contracted for one hundred and sixty hydrants for a period of twenty years, the company agreeing to place ten additional hydrants for every mile of pipe to be laid in the future extension of the service. This contract was, as provided for in the ordinance, ratified by the people at -a special election, held on December 23, 1879, and only four votes were cast in the negative. The water company was organized as follows : W. Scott Fitz, president; T. J. Chew, Jr., secretary; J. W. Rutherford, chief en- gineer. The company agreed to have sixteen miles of pipe laid and the system in operation in one year. One hundred acres of land, some miles north of the city, were purchased and work was begun on 142 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH January 4, 1880. There was but one reservoir at first, located on a hill 320 feet above the river at low water. mark, and 112 feet higher than any point in St. Joseph. The pumping station was located at the river. The originaj cost of the works w"as estimated at $300,000, but before they were offered for acceptance the company had ex- pended $700,000. On January 12, 1881, the works were accepted by the mayor and council, and placed into active service. Theodore W. Davis was the first superintendent and was succeeded by Louis C. Burnes, who served until the spring of 1897, when he was succeeded by Charles H. Taylor, the present superintendent. In October of 1889 the stock and franchise of the company were sold to the American Waterwork'4 and Guarantee Company of Pittsburg, Pa., a combination of capital- ists owning and controlling the water systems of thirty-one other cities. The stockholders at the time of the sale were Col. James N. Burnes, Calvin F. Burnes, T. J. Chew, Jr., and WilHam M. Wyeth. The system has grown and expanded materially since the be- ginning. The water is pumped from the river, through filters, to the reservoir on the hill, and thence it flows to the city through pipes. The pumping plant consists of two Worthington pumps, each of three million gallon capacity in twenty-four hours ; one Gaskill high duty pumping engine, of six million gallons capacity in twenty-four hours ; one Cope & Maxwell engine of one miUion gallons capacity in twen- ty-four hours. A slow-service engine, of eight milHon gallons ca- pacity, lifts the water to the filter plant, which is located at the pump- ing station, and which consists of fifteen O. A. H. Jewell filtering tanks, each fifteen feet in height and twelve feet in diameter. The Norberg Manufacturing Company, of Milwaukee, is under contract to build a high-duty pump of eight milHon gallons' capacity, to be delivered February 15, 1899. The steam plant consists of four Heine water-tube boilers, of a combined force of eight hundred-horse power. There are twp suction pipes to the river, one thirty-six inches in di- ameter and the other twenty-four inches in diameter ; there are two force mains from the pumping station to the reservoirs and two twenty-inch supply mains from the reservoirs to the city. There are nov/ three rp'iervoirs, with a combined capacity of about seventeen million gallons. There are now more than eighty-one miles of pipe, the service to the stockyards having just been completed, and there are 501 double-nozzle hydrants on the streets for fire protection. The period of the city's contract with the water company will expire in December of 1899, and negotiations are now in progress BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 143 i'or a renewal thereof. The fact that no agreement has been reached after nearly two years of negotiating, and the fact also that the city has solicited bids from other parties to build water works, leaves it to the compiler of the next history to chronicle the final solution of a problem in which the public is greatly interested. ELECTRIC LIGHT.— In 1883 The St. Joseph Electric Light Company, composed of J. F. Barnard, L. D. Tuttle, Joseph A. Corby, A. N. Schsuter and R. E. Turner, secured a franchise for stringing wires through the streets, and erected a plant at Fourth street and Mitchell avenue for the production of electric light. Walter C. Stew- art, the present city electrician, was the superintendent. Only arc lights were furnished, and no attempt was made at street lighting. This plant was absorbed by the People's Street Railway, Electric Light and Power Company, in 1887, which company had a contract to furnish a small number of arc lights to the city. This company introduced the incandescent light. It is now known as the St. Joseph Railway, Light, Heat and Power Company (see street rail- ways), and its plant is located near the river, between Francis and Felix streets. GAS COMPANIES.— In 1856 the city went into partnership with J. B. Ranney and others for the purpose of manufacturing illuminating gas. The capital stock of the concern was $50,000, one-half of which was owned by the city. A plant was erected at Fifth and Angelique streets, in a building now used as a stable. Gas came High in those days, at least to private consumers, who were charged $5 per thousand cubic feet. The people were soon sick of the city's bargain. The treasury being empty, the city's stock in the company was sold to James M. Wilson for 20 per cent. of its face value. In 1861 the interest of Ranney & Co. was sold under execution to Thomas B. Weakly, who, with James M. Wilson, operated the works until 1864, when Weakly purchased the interest of Wilson, paying therefor $8,000. Previous to this the works were burned to the ground, but had been rebuilt. At this time Weakly advanced the price of gas to $6 per thousand feet to private consumers, at which price it was held until the pur- chase of the works in 1871 by James Clements and associates of De- troit, Mich., under the name of Citizens' Gas Light Company, at the sum of $50,000. This company at once enlarged and improved 144 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH the works and secured the contract for hghting the street lamps, which had remained unlighted for several years. They supplied private consumers at $4.50 per thousand feet, and afterwards reduced :the price to $4. For street lamps the city paid $30 per year for each light. In 1878 the Mutual Gas Light Company came before the city authorities and, through their president, Charles H. Nash, offered to supply private consumers at $2.50 per thousand feet and the street lamps at $25 per annum. They were awarded the contract and granted franchises in the streets equal to the other company. The beginning of work was but the commencement of hostilities between the rival companies, which finally resulted in the sale of the entire works and franchises of the Citizens' to the Mutual Gas Light Company. This company was reorganized some years ago and called the St. Joseph Gas and Manufacturing Company up to the summer of 1897. In i8go a franchise to lay gas mains in the streets was granted to the late Charles McGuire of St. Joseph, his heirs and assigns. Upon this was founded the St. Joseph Light and Fuel Company, with Samuel Allerton of Chicago as president and L. C. Burnes of St. Joseph as vice-president and general manager. This company- manufactured what was called "water gas." It was used for illu- minating purposes also, but required a magnesium burner, shaped like a comb, to produce the desired result. The gas burned against the teeth of the burner, heating them to an incandescent point and producing a brilliant light. The process was afterward changed, and the gas was used for illumination as the ordinary cop.l product. The works of this company were located at Fourth and Cedar streets. There was lively competition, rates went down, and previously un- heard-of concessions were made to consumers. In the summer of 1897 both of the existing companies were absorbed by the St. Joseph Gas Company, of which Emerson Mc- Millan of New York is president; W. A. P. McDonald of St. Joseph, Vice-president; Kerr M. Mitchell, general manager, and Ferdinand Labrunerie, secretary and treasurer. The price of gas in St. Joseph at this time for ordinary con- sumers is $1.25 per thousand cubic feet, with a discount of 25 cents per thousand if the bill is paid before the tenth day of the month. * * * TELEPHONES.— Within a year after the first general public exhibition of the telephone at the Centennial Exposition in Philadel- BUCliANAN COUNTY AND ST JOSEPH 145 phia, in 1876, this invention was practically applied in this city. John Kenmuir, a jeweler, who is generally remembered, first used the telephone in St. Joseph. His place of business was at No. 509 Felix street, where the Tootle-Lemon bank building now stands, and he connected this with his residence at 121 1 Frederick avenue. In the same year a line was strung that connected the two fire de- partment houses — one at the foot of Edmond street, and the other east of the Tootle theatre — with the residence of W. B. McNutt, who was then chief of the department. In February of 1878 another fire alarm line was built from the engine house to the International Hotel, at Eighth and Olive streets. The St. Joseph Telephone Company, a partnership consisting o£ John Kenmuir, P. LeB. Coombes and Joseph A. Corby, was formed in April of 1879. Work was begun soon thereafter, and on August 12, of the same year an exchange, with J50 subscribers, was opened, the central office being in the rear of Kenmuir's jewelry establish- ment. At about the same time the Western Union Telegraph Com- pany opened an exchange with about the same number of subscrib- ers, the central office of which was located in the third floor of what was then known as the Board of Trade building, and which is now part of the Hotel Truckenmiller, on Third street. A lively fight ensued, and rates ranged from nothing up to $2 per month. This continued until 1879, when both rivals were absorbed by the National Bell Telephone Company under the name of St. Joseph Telephone Company. The exchange was moved to the third floor of the Fairleigh building, at the southeast corner of Third and Felix streets. In 1882 the Missouri & Kansas Telephone Company purchased the system and maintained its exchange in the Fairleigh building until December 12, 1896, when it was moved into a fireproof building erected by the company on Seventh street, between Felix and Ed- mond streets. The Citizens' Telephone Company was organized in 1893, the incorporators being C. M. Shultz, E. J. Peckham, A. B. Sowden and M. M. Riggs. A franchise was secured from the council, and in 1894 an exchange was opened in the Hughes building. Judging from the lists, the patronage of the two companies seems to be about equal. STREET RAILWAYS. — St. Joseph has over thirty-five miles of street railway, operated by electricity. Like all other public con- 146 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH veniences of tHis kind that existed prior to 1885, St. Joseph street railways were first equipped with horses and mules. The first street railway Hne in St. Joseph was built in 1866 by Richard E. Turner, Thomas J. Chew, Jr., Arthur Kirkpathrick, John S. Lemon and others, and extended from Eleventh street and Mitch- ell avenue to Third and Felix streets. The barns were locatd on Eighth street near Seneca. In 1881 the line was extended down Eleventh street to Atchison street. In 1876 Adolph Steinacker, the Krugs, Seymour Jenkins, Louis Streckebein and others built a line from Market Square to New Ulm Park. In 1880 this line was extended to Sixth street and down Sixth to Atchison street. This was the best street railway in the city, its horses being of a high quality and its cars being equipped with stoves. At about the same time that the Sprague electric motor was being placed into practical operation at Richmond, Va., the late Adolph Steinacker was experimenting upon the Union line with the same machine. Electric cars were run between the power house at High- land and St. Joseph avenues, and New Ulm Park, in the fall of 1887. In the spring of 1888 they were run to Market Square. The Union was the first electric line in the West. It was a horse line from its southern terminus to Market Square, where passengers changed to the motor cars. The southern line formerly ran down Second street to Charles, and thence east to Fifth street. The Frederick avenue line was built in 1878, when a charter was granted to the St. Joseph & Lake Railway Company. The road was narrow gauge, and the iron and rolling stock had been brought by August Kuhn and Charles A. Perry from Leavenworth, where it had been the equipment of an unsuccessful venture between the city and the state penitentiary. The line began at Eighth and Edmond streets and ran to the end of Frederick avenue, where the barns were located. The company went into bankruptcy shortly after the line opened, and was acquired by Thomas E. Tootle, Joseph A. Corby and others. In 1887 a franchise was secured to run down Edmond street to Market Square. In the same year both this line and the Citizens' line were acquired by the People's Street Railway, Electric Light and Power Company, a corporation composed of Eastern cap- italists, and at once equipped with electricity. In 1888 Charles W. Hobson, Dr. J. M. Huffman and others built the Wyatt Park line, which began at Seventh and Edmond streets and ran south on Seventh street to Olive street and thence, as BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 147 now, to the power house on Thirty-sixth street. At the same time the People's company built the Jule street line, which began at Sev- enth and Felix streets, ran north to Jule, and thence east. In i88q the People's company built the Messanie street line. In that year the Wyatt Park, the Messanie and the Jule street lines were extended to the New Era Exposition grounds. In 1890 the People's company absorbed the Union line, which was now fully equipped with electricity, and also the Wyatt Park line, gaining control of the entire street car system of St. Joseph. The gap on Seventh street between the Wyatt Park and Jule street lines was at once filed, and a delightful trip could be made around what was called the belt. People could start, say at Seventh and Felix streets, and go north and east on the Jule street line, pass through the eastern suburbs and the ruined New Era park, and re- turn through Wyatt Park to the starting point. A line was also extended to Vineyard Heights, located on eastern Mitchell avenue; but neither the belt line nor this spur proved remunerative, and were discontinued. The Citizens' line was extended to South Park and Gladstone Heights in 1890, but runs only to South Park now. A spur was run from Frederick avenue north on Twenty-second street to High- land Park at about the same time, and is still in operation. In January of 1898 the Union line was extended to the stock yards, over a track leased from the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Com- pany. When the proposed viaduct over the railroad tracks on lower Sixth street is completed, a line is to be built and extended to Lake Contrary. The People's company was reorganized in 1895 as the St. Jo- seph Railway, Light, Heat and Power Company. It furnishes elec- tric light, electric power and heats a number of buildings in the business portion of the city with steam. W. T. Van Brunt has been its general manager for ten years, and John H. Van Brunt has been superintendent of the railway system for eight years. OMNIBUS LINE. — In February, 1859, upon the opening of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad. Major Holman and Samuel Je- rome started the St. Joseph Omnibus Line. In the spring following Messrs. John L. Motter and C. D. Smith bought out the line and built omnibus stables near the Patee House. They continued to operate this line until George W. McAleer bought out the interest of 148 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH J. L. Motter. The business was conducted by these gentlemen for some time, when Colonel J. L. Motter bought out C. D. Smith. Motter and McAleer ran the business in partnership for some time, when Colonel Motter sold his interest to McAleer. The line sub- sequently became the property of William Medaugh, by whom it was sold, in 1867, to Thomas Christopher. The stock then con- sisted of five omnibuses, one carriage, four buggies and thirty-six horses. Smith Adams afterwards became a partner in the omnibus line with Major Christopher. Joseph A. Finer purchased the line in 1871 and associated with him Thomas A. Massey. Upon the death of Massey Colonel Elijah Gates became Major Piner's associate, and this firm continued until 1894, when the stock and equipment were purchased by the Brown Transfer Company. HERDIC COACHES.— The Herdic coaches were intended for service upon streets that had no tramways. They were a sort of carry-all, with seats along the sides, and were quite successfully operated in eastern cities. In July of 1881 a company was estab- Hshed in St. Joseph with Dr. John T. Berghoff as president ; Joseph A. Corby as secretary, and E. F. Mitchell as superintendent. There were eight coaches and fifty-six horses. There were two lines. The first ran from Market Square east on Felix street to Ninth strreet, north to Frederick avenue, east to Thirteenth, south to Sylvanie street, east to Fifteenth street, north to Edmond street, east to Sev- enteenth street, and north to Francis street, returning by the same route. The second line ran from Felix street north on Sixth street to Hall, east to Ninth street, north to Powell street, and thence to Mount Mora Cemetery. The venture proved unsuccessful and was abandoned after a year's efforts. CHAPTER XIV. BUCHANAN COUNTY'S THREE COURT HOUSES.— THE COURT HOUSE FIRE IN MARCH OF 1885. — THE FIRST MARKET HOUSE AND CITY HALL AND THE PRESENT STRUCTURE.— PATEE AND OTHER MAR- KETS.— THE CITY WORKHOUSE AND CENTRAL PO- LICE STATION.— COUNTY JAILS OF THE PAST AND THE PRESENT INSTITUTION. The first court house of Buchanan County was made of logs and stood at Sparta. It is yet in existence, being used as a granary upon the McCauley farm, which embraces the site of Sparta. The courts, county and circuit, met at the house of Richard Hill and at the house of Joseph Robidoux, as related before, up to the summer of 1841. In January of that year the county court ordered that a building be erected on lot No. i, block i, in the town of Sparta. This was a log house, containing two rooms — one 18x20, the other 16x18. The. contract was let to Guilford Moultray, and the building was finished by the following July. This house served more than one purpose, for, aside from being the "palace of justice," it was also the academy of learning, the temple of worship, the forum of the people, and the opera house. It was lighted by day through t\vo twelve-light windows in each room below, while the second floor, a half-story, was lighted by a six-light window in each gable. When it became necessary to use the building by night, as for worship or entertainment, tallow candles were used. On November 9, 1842, the county court appropriated the sum of $6,000 to erect such a court house and jail, to be built at Sparta, as the necessities of the community demanded. But Sparta never saw this pretentious structure. When the new court house was provided for the question of moving the county seat to Blacksnake Hill took formidable shape. As a result of the agitation Sparta lost and the $6,000 was invested in St. Joseph. The block occupied by the pres- ent court house was the original site. It was a high hill that had been donated by Robidoux, and its apex was fully fifty feet above the present grade of Jule street. A brick house, of which Louis S. ISO BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Stigers and N. J. Taylor were the architects and builders, was erected on this hill, fronting' south. It was a two-story building, the dimen- sions being 50x74 feet, including a portico, and the people were quite proud of it. In 1871 this structure was condemned as unsafe, after twenty-five years of service, and, in October of that year it was vacated. The county offices were for a time located in the parson- age of what had been the first Catholic church in the. city, on the east side of Fifth street, between Felix and Francis streets. In the sum- mer of 1873 the circuit court, circuit clerk's and sheriff's offices were moved to Brady's hall, on Felix, near Fourth street. The next court house, of which the present one forms a part, was begun in 1873. Its architect was P. F. Meagher and its builder was John De Clue. The cost was $173,000. The corner stone was laid August 25, 1873, the Masonic rite being performed by Captain Joseph S. Browne, acting grand master of the state. It was a momentous event and the people entered into the spirit thereof with pride and enthusiasm; and well they might, for they were laying the corner stone of the grandest county building in the West at that time. The plan, so far as external appearances go is preserved in the present court house. It has a frontage of 235 feet on Jule street, with a depth of 205 feet. It is of brick, with cut stone foundation and trim- mings. The building was completed in August, 1876, though some of the county offices occupied rooms as they were finished, as early as January of that year. On the morning of March 28, 1885, this magnificent building was severely damaged by fire, and much valuable public property was destroyed. The origin of the conflagration is enshrouded in mystery. The building was heated by stoves at that time, and it is a generally accepted theory that from some neglect or accident the fire was transferred from either a stove or an ash receptacle to the floor. Shortly after three o'clock on the morning in question, Wm. H. Mitchell, a compositor on the Gazette, was going north on Fourth street, home from his work. When near Robidoux street he looked back toward the court house, his attention having been attracted by crackling noise, and he saw smoke and flames issuing from a win- dow on the north side of the first floor of the west wing. He gave the cry, which was taken up by persons within hearing distance. An effort to reach the fire department by telephone failed and there was an unusual delay in getting the alarm to all of- the stations. So fierce was the fire, and such tremendous progress did it make, that before the first apparatus arrived the dome had collapsed and crashed BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 151 into the burning mass. The only thing left for the department to do was the salvation of the mam walls, and this was accomplished by hard and heroic work. Aside from the county offices, the building was occupied for va- rious other purposes. On the first floor were the offices of the re- corder of deeds, the county collector, the prosecuting attorney, the county clerk, the county court, the probate court, assessor and public administrator. There were also the law offices of B. R. Vineyard, Ryan & Stewart, M. G. Moran, A. D. Kirke, Vories & Vories, Moss & Shortridge, Judge Sutherland and Pitts & Porter. The Latter Day Saints occupied a large room for purposes of worship, and sev- eral rooms were used for sleeping. On the second floor was the circuit court room and judge's office, circuit clerk's office, sheriff's office, Col. John Doniphan's law office, jury rooms, etc. What is now the criminal court room was used as a lecture room by the Northwestern Medical College, and where the grand jury room and assembly room now are was a large concert hall, u.^^ed by the Men- delssohn Society. The losses sustained by the lawyers and roomers were severe, many valuable books and manuscripts being consumed. The county lost nearly all property that was not in vaults. The re- corder's office, which is a vault in itself, was unharmed, and those records of the county clerk, circuit clerk, probate court and collector, which were in the vaults, were left intact. Twenty-eight prisoners were incarcerated in the county jail, and these were escorted without delay by Sheriff Carey and a posse of citizens to the City Hall, where they were guarded until the follow- ing day, when they were returned to their old quarters, the jail not having been damaged. There was an insurance of $95,500 on the court house, the adjustment of which began as soon as possible. Quarters for the county officers were provided at once. The circuit court, circuit clerk, sheriff and prosecuting attorney were located in the Tootle building at Sixth and Francis streets, and the others, except the recorder, occupied a building at the corner of Second and Charles streets that had been used as general offices by the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad Company. After consfderable parleying with the insurance adjusters, an agreement was reached whereby the companies restored the struc- ture. R. K. Allen was awarded the contract, and Judge Bernard Patton was employed by the county court to superintend the work. 152 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH The end of the year 1885 saw the court house restored and better equipped, so far as heat, lighting and other conveniences go, than before the fire. MARKET HOUSES AND CITY HALL.— When Joseph Robidoux platted the original town he dedicated half a block, bounded by Second, Francis and Edmond streets, for a market house. The space was occupied by sheds and shanties until 1853, when the first market_house was built. This was a brick structure, about 50x50 feet in dimension. The lower floor was occupied as a mar- ket, and all vendors of fresTi meat were compelled to locate therein. Grocers were prohibited from dealing in vegetables and huckstering was forbidden until after market hours. This made the market a busy place, and the merchants located on the square enjoyed the best patronage. The upper floor of the original building, at the south end, was occupied by city officials. It was first reached by an outside stairway on the south side, but when an addition was built on the north' a covered stairway was provided. Early in the seventies the building showed signs of decay and the owners of property on the square began to agitate a new. market house. However, there was no money in the treasury for such pur- pose. Finally, in 1873, ^ P^^n was developed which brought about the desired result. The sum of $50,000 was subscribe^d, for which the city issued certificates of indebtedness bearing 6 per cent interest. These were redeemable for city taxes at the rate of one-fifth of the face per year. The present City Hall and market house is the result of this sub- scription. The building was begun in the fall of 1873 and finished in July of 1874. The plans were' by Boettner & Stigers and the work by R. K. Allen, at a cost of $50,000. It was the most pretentious building of its kind in the West at that time. The upper floor was a public hall and was formally opened by St. Patrick's Benevolent Society with a grand ball on July 18, 1874. It served as such until 1888. The two upper floors were then remodeled and the engineer, city clerk and boiler inspector were quartered on the third floor,' where a commodious council chamber was also provided. Patee market house was built in 1859 upon a square dedicated in Patee's addition. There was never much of a market there, except for hay, wood and country produce. At different times the building has been occupied by butchers and produce dealers. The city scales are located there. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 153 There was formerly a live stock market located at Seventh and Messanie streets, where the Central Police Station now stands, where theer was also a public weighmaster. This was abandoned in 1890. In 1874 an effort was made to establish a public market on North Sixth street, and the city erected a frame building in the cen- ter of the street, south of the City Brewery. This was not a success, however, and the building was torn down in 1884. THE WORKHOUSE.— Prior to August, 1855, the citys' pris- oners were kept in a room in the old county jail, which stood on the hill with the old court house. They were in charge of the street com- missioner and were generally worked on the highways by him. In 1855 the first workhouse was established in a two-story stone build- ing upon the site of the present institution. In 1884 the stone build- ing was torn down and the workhouse of to-day erected. Up to 1855 the street commissioner fed and cared for the pris- oners. The first superintendent of the workhouse was Anton H. Dalhoff, who served 1885-88. He was succeeded by Peter Reip- linger, 1890; the next superintendent was Charles Johnson, who served 1890-94 and was succeeded by William H. Dersch, 1894-96. In 1896-98, Bert Martin was superintendent, who was succeeded by Andrew Arnell, the present incumbent. The prisoners were worked upon the streets up to 1891, when this practice was abolished. There are sheds in the enclosure about the workhouse where prisoners are employed at breaking rock, which is used by the engineer's department in the repair of streets. The superintendent of the workhouse receives a salary of $600 per annum and fifteen cents per meal for feeding prisoners. CENTRAL POLICE STATION.— A holdover cell was pro- vided in the workhouse for city prisoners held for trial, during the early days and up to 1891. It was necessary to walk or cart them to police headquarters at the city hall, where they were searched and booked ; thence they were marched or carted through the streets to the workhouse to be • detained until the following morning, when they were marched back to the city hall for trial. Those who were sentenced to the workhouse were returned to that institution after court. One of the first steps of the board of police commissioners, when the department had been reorganized under the metropolitan 154 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH system, was in the direction of a central police station. In 1890 the council appropriated $10,000 for the present central station, located on the site of the old hay scales at Seventh and Messanie streets. With this money the walls and roof was built. In the following year the council appropriated $10,000 additional, and the building was completed and occupied in November, 1891. It is one of the most substantial and best appointed buildings of its kind in the West. THE COUNTY JAIL.— The people of Buchanan County have no cause to be either proud or satisfied with the county jail. It is an antiquated, unsafe, unsanitary pile, that would be considered about the "proper thing" in -Spain, where they are retrogressive and cruel. The first jail was at Sparta, and was built of logs. It was a small affair and stood in the public square of the first county seat. The structure survived the town, but was afterwards destroyed by fire. It was used as a hold-over. Prisoners of importance were taken to Liberty jail pending trial. When the first court house was built in St. Joseph, a brick jail and residence for the jailor was also constructed. This did service until the night of January 21, 1850, when it was destroyed by fire. Another was built, which was replaced by the present institution, 1859. At that time the new jail was con- sidered strictly modern ; but the architect who designed it had fear- ful and wonderful ideas of ventilation and sanitation. It is a housa within a house, the inner structure being of brick and cement, and the outer of brick and stone. The inner room contains two tiers of cells, ventilated only through grated doors, each having a capacity of four prisoners, though six have been crowded in. Until a few years ago the building was heated by stoves, each cell having a small box stove, wood being the fuel. Around the cell house there is a corridor, now heated by steam and lighted and ventilated by windows. Formerly there were no sanitary arrangements, but now there is sewerage, with water, etc., in the corridor. Quarters for female pris- oners were, up to a year ago, in the upper tier of cells, and there was a woeful absence of humanity and decency in the arrangement. At the present time the female prisoners are kept on the second floor, in quarters formerly occupied by the sheriff for residence. The jail has long been a farce and grand juries have condemned it regularly for thirty-five years. Escapes have been so numerous that they are no longer regarded as news by the reporters. Crim- BUCHANAN CQUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 155 inals ridicule it and hold it in contempt. Humanity protests and ap- peals to the people, but the people do not respond with sufficient force to be of effect. Such was the casa in November of 1896, when proposition for a new jail was voted down at the general election ; and the grim old pile remains, notwithstanding the condemnation of grand juries, building inspectors and humanitarians. And it were idle to speculate upon its future. Sheriffs, as a rule, resided in the jail building, but the present incumbent, James Hull, does not. CHAPTER XV. THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITIES OF BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH.— HISTORY OF ASYLUM NO. 2.— THE COUNTY PAUPERS AND HOW THEY HAVE BEEN MAINTAINED SINCE THE EARLIEST DAYS.— THE CITY HOSPITAL.— ST. MARY'S ORPHAN ASYLUM.— MEMORIAL HOME AND THE HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS.— THE HOME FOR EX- SLAVES.— THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES, THE CHARITY BOARD AND THE FREE KINDERGARTEN. The most important public charity in Buchanan County, and one of the most important in the entire West, is State Lunatic Asy- lum No. 2, located a short distance beyond the eastern Hmits of St. Joseph. Up to March, 1872, Missouri had but one insane asylum, that located at Fulton. The necessity for additional accommoda- tions for the afflicted had long been felt, and the legislature, on March 19, 1872, appropriated $200,000 for a "Northwestern or South- western Lunatic Asylum ;" at the same time providing for a board of commissioners to carry the act into effect. These commissioners were Wm. H. McHenry, St. Louis; Zach J. Mitchell, Lafayette County; Joseph K. Rickey, Calloway; Louis Hax, St. Joseph, and William Gilmore, Springfield. On June 14, of the same year, the comissioners, after a tour of inspection, located the asylum in Bu- chanan County, purchasing 120 acres of land from H. R. W. Hart- wig and O. M. Loomis for $28,800. Thomas Walsh of St. Louis was appointed architect, and in the following September N. H. Fitzgib- bons of St. Louis was awarded the contract for building the asylum at $188,897. There were two north and south wings, of 115^ feet each, and the entire edifice was four stories in height, with a Mansard roof, and there was a bell tower in the center 115 feet high. The building was of stock brick, trimmed with Milwaukee brick and cut sitone. About September i, 1874, the asylum was opened with sixty patients. The first board of managers was : Allen H. Vories, R. L. McDonald, J. C. Roberts, Dr. E. A. Donelan, Elijah H. Norton, Dr. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 157 J. M. Malin and John C. Evans, who were appointed by the governor for four years. Mr. Vories was the first president of the board and Dr. Malin the first secretary. Dr. George C. Catlett of St. Joseph was the first superintendent and his assistant was Dr. A. P. Busey, who is now first assistant. This building, which stood for over five years, was destroyed by fire January 25, 1879, at about i o'clock in the afternoon. The alarm was given, but the flames spread so rapidly that the attendants had a difficult task in rescuing the inmates. The building was im- properly and inconveniently designed as to stairways, and the mana- gers had vainly besought the legislature to remedy this important defect. The loss was total, there being noit a cent of insurance. Luckily there was no loss of life. The patients were brought to the city and quartered at the court house, where the males remained for three months, while the females were taken to a building on Louis street used as a railroad hospital. Afterwards the males were re- moved to temporary quarters on the asylumn grounds and the females were placed in a house nearby. The people of St. Joseph took immediate steps looking to the rebuilding of the asylum, and also for the relief of the distressed. It so happened that the legislature was in session at the time of the disaster, and every energy was bent toward securing the necessary appropriation. A commission of architects and builders examined the walls and reported that these could be used to the extent of three-fourths of the entire building and estimated that the sum of $75,000 would cover the expense of rebuilding. There were other claimants, however, for the institution. Legislative committees vis- ited different localities, with much waste of time and money, but the result was favorable to St. Joseph, and, in May of 1879, the legislature appropriated $75,000. The work of rebuilding began at once, the architect being S. V. Shipman of Chicago, and the contractors Leh- man & Olson, also of Chicago. The work was superintended by Louis S. Stigers of St. Joseph. April I. 1880, the patients were removed to the new building. Since then many improvements have been made. Several wings have been added to the main house, hospitals, a laundry and other buildings have been erected. The latest improvement is an electric lighting plant. Dr. Catlett was the superintendent until his death, which oc- curred in May of 1886. He was succeeded by Dr. R. E. Smith, who served four years and was succeeded August 11, 1890, by Dr. 158 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Chas. R. Woodson, the present successful superintendent. Dr. Woodson's assistants are Dr. A. P. Busey, Dr. Charles O'Ferrall and Dr. C. B. Simcoe. At present there are about 900 patients in the asylum and the entire number of attendants and employes is 150. The annual cost of running the asylum is about $125,000. Since the asylum was rebuilt in 1879 nearly $200,000 in improve- ments have been made, and most of them have been effected since 1885. In 1896 the board of managers purchased another tract of land containing no acres, and which is situated just north of the original site. The price paid for this land was $192 per acre or a total of $21,000. The grounds and buildings at this time are valued at $325,000. THE COUNTY FARM.— Buchanan County provides better for its paupers than for its prisoners. The county farm, situated north- east of the city, about two miles from the corporate limits, is quite a modern institution, there being quarters for indigent sane, indigent insane, a hospital, proper separation of sexes, medical attention and other comforts. The first pauper rnentioned in the history of Buchanan County was Henry Fulks, who petitioned the county court for relief in Oc- tober of 1840, stating that rheumatism had deprived him of the use of his hands. At that time there was no county farm and the court made an order granting him $15 per month for three months. This method of providing for the indigent, of whom there were few in those days, was pursued until 1850, when Elias Richardson, a farmer, residing near One Hundred and Two River, was authorized to main- tain the paupers at the rate of $5 per month each, the county provid- ing clothing and medical attendance. Richardson kept the paupers for two years. Judge Cornelius Roberts of Bloomington Township then kept the paupers until 1857, receiving $80 per annum for each. The counlty then purchased from Leroy Bean a tract of one hundred and forty acres, two miles southwest of Sparta, for $3,500. This farm was maintained until 1868. John Peter was superintendent until 1861, when he was succeeded by Henry Utz, who served three years and was succeeded by George Petet, who served until December, 1865. He in turn was succeeded by Isham Wood, who held the place until January, 1868, when he purchased the farm for $4,200. These superintendents received as compensation the use of the farm and from $75 to $80 per annum for each pauper, the county provid- ing clothing and medical attendance. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 159 The paupers were next brought to the city and kept for three years by Dr. WilHam Bertram, who had been appointed superin- tendent of the poor and county physician, by the county court. Dr. Bertram was succeeded in January, 1871, by Dr. A. S. Long, who held the place until September, 1871. The county court purchased, August 16 of that year, a quarter section from Matilda S. and Martin Hughes, paying $11,000 for the same, and, as soon as possible, had the paupers removed. Dr. Bertram and Dr. Long received as com- pensation fifty cents per day for each pauper, the county furnishing everything but the food. In September of 1871, the new institution was opened, with seven male and six female inmates. John Spellman was appointed superintendent at a salary of $100 per month, the county providing for the inmates, and Dr. A. S. Long was retained as physician. There was a good, roomy frame house on the farm, which had been erected by Kit Todd before the war and intended for use as a sum- mer resort, a railroad from St. Joseph to Savannah having passed through the farm. In 1873, a frame building was created for the insane. These un- fortunates had been kept at the state insane asylum at Fulton, but were returned owing to the crowded condition of that institution. They were cared for in the temporary quarters until the completion ot asylum No. 2. When that institution burned, January, 1879, they were again placed in the temporary quarters. The necessity of a per- manent institution for the county insane was so pressing that, in Au- gust, 1880, the judges appropria'ted $10,000 for this purpose. A building with modern equipments and with a capacity of 150 patients was completed in February of 1881. In this building the incurably insane are kept. The county still maintains a number of patients at Asylum No. 2 considered curable. Improvements were made at various times as the necessities arose until to-day the county has an asylum for indigent and insane that is both adequate and comfortable. Superintendent Spellman was succeeded on December 31, 1872, by John Sheehan, who served until July 6, 1874. On that date Blu- ford Alice took charge, but died one month aterwards and his son, William Alice, managed the institution until March, 1875, when Will- iam Carson was appointed superintendent. The office was salaried, the compensation ranging from $60 to $100 per month. Mr. Car- son continued in office until March, 1883. During the last four years of his administration Mr. Carson fed the inmates for nine cents per day, the county paying all other expenses. i6o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Michael Gleason succeeded Mr. Carson and held the office until September, 1886. He was* paid 30 cents per day for feeding, cloth- ing and maintaining the inmates, the county keeping up repairs and providing medical attendance. In addition he had the use of the farm free of charge and the privilege of such labor as was available from the patients. John B. Corbett was appointed to succeed Super- intendent Gleason upon the same terms, but, during the month of September, 1896, the county court ordered that the superintendent be placed on salary, which was fixed at $75 per month, and that all expenses be borne by the county. T. P. Mosely succeeded Mr. Cor- bett March 1, 1894, served one year and was succeeded by Spencer G. Barnes, who also served one year and was succeeded, March i, 1896, by Thomas Chivers, the present (1898) incumbent. The salary of the superintendent remains at $75 per month. The average number of insane patients maintained by Buchanan County at Asylum No. 2 is 120. THE CITY HOSPITAL.— While St. Joseph has cared for her charity patients ever since she has been a city of prominence, her city hospital, like the Buchanan County jail, is not a thing to be proud of. It answers the purpose and that is about all. Located on the high bluffs, on West Robidoux street, there is but little to commend it, save the air, of which there is an abundance, such as it is. There is no record of a city hospital prior to 1861. In that year the city acquired the site of the present hospital, upon which stood an old-fashioned building, which had been used during the pioneer days as a combination storehouse and dweUing. This building is still in existence and forms the residence of the hospital steward. The first steward was T. W. Bern, who served seven years. John Deveraux, now of Doniphan County, Kansas, followed and served three years, being succeeded by John Wilson, who served four years, dying in office. He was succeeded in April of 1874 by Felix Defonds, who held the place continuously until May 15, 1896, when he was suc- ceeded by William A. Ziemendorff. After serving two years Mr. Zie- mendorff was succeded by Dr. Harry Kaull, the present incumbent. The hospital building is forty feet square, two stories high, of brick. This building marks the struggles for an adequate city hos- pital that has been going on during the past thirty years. In 1875 the council set aside the dog tax for hospital improvement and ex- tension purposes. With the proceeds of this revenue a one-story BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH i6i "brick building, 20x40, was erected in 1878. In 1880 a second sec- tion, of similar dimensions, was joined to the first. In 1890-91 a second story was placed over the ground work and other improve- ments, such as water, lighting, etc., were added. Up to 1890 the hospital steward wafe clerk of the Board of Health. At that time the •office of city chemist was erected. It was one of the duties of thi^ ■officer to serve as clerk of the Board of Health. However, this office was abandoned last May, at the suggestion of Mayor Kirschner, and -now charity prescriptions are compounded at a specified rate by any druggist in the city, as was formerly done, and the steward of the hospital is once more the clerk of the health department. From 1880 to the beginning of the present fiscal year there was also an -assistant city physician. This office was abolished and the place filled by the hospital steward, who is now required to be a physician. Some months ago the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul, who are in ■charge of St. Joseph's Hospital, submitted a proposition to maintain the city's patients, which was feasible and would have been econom- ical, but legal obstacles prevented the city from entering into a a con- tract for a sufficient length of time to justify the necessary expense on the part of the Sisters. Perhaps the next historian will tell of a bet- ter city hospital. ST. MARY'S ORPHAN ASYLUM.— This is an asylum for orphaned boys only, conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph, and which depends entirely upon charity fpr its existence. It was estab- lished by Mother Clements, a lady of great energy and business tact, in 1879, ^t Corby Chapel, northwest of the city. In 1880, the late Francis Brown donated a substantial house and forty acres of ground, -desirably located, about three miles from the eastern city limits. Since then the house has been enlarged and improved and it is today capa- ble of accommodating seventy-five children. The Sisters in charge of this institution receive no compensation for their services, but give their time and attention to its management purely through Christian love for the fatherless and motherless boys who are sent there. There are from forty to fifty boys in the institution all of the time, and the Sisters of St. Joseph are performing a noble work. Orphans are re- ceived at this institution without condition. Relatives who have chil- dren in St. Mary's are not required to surrender all claim to them or to pay for their support. The children are cared for and are returned to relatives or guardians when these become able to support them. i62 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Although the asylum is a CathoHc institution, orphans are received and cared for regardless of the creed or faith of their parents. MEMORIAL HOME.— The Ladies' Union Benevolent Asso- ciation is a charitable organization that has accomplished a world of good in a practical Christian manner since its organization in 1874. Twenty-four years ago this society was organized in a quiet, unosten- tious way, by the Protestant Evangelical churches of St. Joseph. The society at the time of its organization had no funds nor a home in society at the time of its organization had no funds or a home in which to shelter the unfortunates, but it was composed of a band of earnest women who were willing to work. By soliciting contribu- tions, by giving entertainments and by various other means, a little money was secured, a frame house at the corner of Antoine and Levee streets was rented, and the work begun. From that time to this the association has performed a charitable work that has commanded the respect and aid of the Christian and business elements of the city. In 1880 money was raised by private subscription to purchase what was then known as the Armstrong Beattie homestead, at Main and Pouline street, which property has ever since remained in the possession of the association. The sum of $3,985 was raised by sub- scription to purchase the Beattie place, and since that time until the new building was erected, in 1895, it was twice remodeled and en- larged, at considerable expense, to accommodate the homeless and distressed. 1 his institution was for many years known as the Home for the Friendless, but October i, 1895, it was converted into the Memorial Home for Aged People, both male and female. Since the property was purchased, eighteen years ago, the old family residence has been supplanted by an entirely new structure, no part of the original build- ing remaining. Two years ago the new building was remodeled and enlarged just before it was converted into a home for aged people. It is a solid, substantial brick building, heated by steam, supplied with gas and water and other modern conveniences, and is comfortable in every respect. This institution is supported largely by "The Hoag- land Endowment Fund," created by George T. Hoagland in honor of his wife, and consisting of $25,000. This endowment is, however, not sufficient to entirely support the institution, and the public con- tributes the remainder. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 163 HOME FOR LITTLE WANDERERS.— The Home for Little Wanderers, located ait Twenty-eigfhth and Colhoun streets, in the ex- treme eastern portion of the city, is also controlled by the Ladies' Union Benevolent Association. This home was erected at a cost of $25,000, including the site. The home was a gift to the association from Charles W. Noyes, of the local shoe manufacturing firm of Noyes, Norman & Co. Mr. Noyes spent most of his life in St. Joseph and this section, but now resides at Boston. The Home for Little Wanderers is a love tribute to the memory of his daughter, who died in early womanhood. The gift was made in 1892, accompanied by an endowment of real estate on North Third street valued at $65,000. The building is of pressed brick, three stories, steam-heated, modern in every re- spect, and has a capacity of one hundred inmates. The ground con- sists of eight and one-half acres and the site is commanding and healthful. From the income of the endowment made by Mr. Noyes the home is supported entirely. Children of both sexes, from two years up to nine, are taken here and well cared for. THE HOME FOR EX-SLAVES.— The idea of a home for ■dependent ex-slaves originated in Charles S. Baker, an intelligent young negro. By persistent solicitation both at home and abroad he and those of his race Vi^ho were interested with him in the work, se- cured enough money to build a structure at Seventeenth street and Highland avenue. This was under roof, but was destroyed by a hurricane in September of 1894. For a time the future of the project seemed gloomy, but Dr. P. J. Kirschner came generously to the res- cue. In December of 1887 he donated one-half of the purchase price of i. tract of two acres, with a substantial brick house, at Twen- ty-fourth street and Mitchell avenue, and gave the promoters long and easy terms on the balance, which amounts to $1,500. The build- ing has nine rooms and there are accommodations for fifteen inmates. OTHER CHARITIES.— The poor were always well cared for in St. Joseph. Up to the fall of 1897 distress was relieved by the county court and by the mayor. At various times organizations have •existed for the purpose of systematizing the charity work and pre- venting impositions. For several years there has existed the Asso- ciated Charities, representing a consolidation of the various societies. i64 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH The Associated Charities kept a list of needy and relieved those found worthy. In 1897 a state law was passed authorizing the formation of a Board of Charities. This board is composed of members appointed by the county court and by the mayor, and its business is the distri- bution of funds supplied by the city and county for charity. A secre- tary is employed, whose duty it is to investigate all applications and prevent imposition. The Associated Charities maintain a sewing room, where needy women are furnished employment. Besides these 'there are charita- bl organizations in nearly every church parish in the city, and there is also a free kindergarten, maintained by the Mothers' Association. This IS a day nursery, where working women can leave little children while they go out to employment. CHAPTER XVI. THE SCHOOLS OF BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JO- SEPH—PRIMITIVE SCHOOLS OF EARLY DAYS— THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS; HOW THEY ARE SUPPORTED AND MANAGED.— THE SCHOOL BUILDINGS OF ST. JOSEPH.— FINANCIAL STRUGGLES AND VICISSI- TUDES OF THE SCHOOL BOARD.— DENOMINA- TIONAL AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT. The first school of any kind in Buchanan counlty, as near as can be learned at this time, was a private institution kept by Francis Ferguson, in 1839, on the southwest corner of section 16, in what is now Crawford township, near Halleck. It was in a log house, with a puncheon floor. The court house at Sparta was also used for school purposes in 1841-44. Various academies were established in the country, all of which were eventually supplanted by the district school. According to the constitution under which Missouri was admit- ted into the Union, the sixteenth section of each congressional town- state purposes, of which one-third is diverted by the state to the ship was set aside for school purposes. In Buchanan county about $100,000 was realized from this source and the money is now loaned out by the county court to individuals upon real estate security, the interest going to the districts in proportion to the capital to their va- rious credits. This, however, is a small item in the support of the public schools, the main source of revenue coming from direct taxa- tion. The requirements of the school districts are certified to the county court and are considered in the tax levy. Besides, there is support from the state. Each county levies a tax of 15 per cent for school fund, and this fund is distributed according to the number of school children in the district. Buchanan county receives about $29,000 from this source annually. Each district elects directors whose province it is to employ teachers and manage the schools ; and there is a county superintend- ent of public instruction, whose' duty it is to pass upon the qualifica- i66 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH tions of teachers, and, also, to certify to the state the number of children entitled to school support, the school age being from six years to twenty years. In 1847, the first year in which Buchanan county participated m the apportionment of state school moneys, there was an enumeration of 547, and the amount apportioned was $481.36. In 1-857 the enu- meration was 5,099, and the amount $3,977.22; in 1867 the enumera- tion was 12,471, and the amount $6,584.69; in 1877 the enumeration was 10,736, and the apportionment $7,983. In 1897— a span of twenty years, the enumeration was 30,827, and the apportionment $28,767. Other sources of revenue for school purposes are : An average bridge and right of way tax upon railroads, the sale of swamp lands and various penalties. There are now seventy-five school districts in Buchanan county outside of the district in which the city of St. Joseph is located. In many of these districts there are substantial and modern brick school houses. The last enumeration in the county shows 5,253 persons within the school age. The county schools are of a high grade and there is commendable rivalry for excellence among the teachers. One month of each year is devoted to an institute, where lecturers and masters of reputation are heard; where the teacher is taught and brightened for the next season's work. Until the year i860, no attempt at any system of public schools had been made in St. Joseph. "Occasionally," to quote Professor Neely, "a free school would be taught for a month or two, or for a sufficient length of time to absorb what was not wasted or lost of the city's share of the pubHc school fund." But there was no public school system, and St. Joseph had merely the organization of a country school district. In i860 a few enterprising citizens obtained from the legislature a charter by which the St. Joseph Board of Public Schools was incorporated. Section i of the act provided that "all free white persons residing within the limits of school district No. I, in township No. 8, in Buchanan county, are hereby consti- tuted a body politic and corporate by the name and style of 'the St. Joseph Board of Public Schools.' " It was provided that there should be two members from each ward and a president, to be elected at large, the term of office in each case to be three years. The charter was made perpetual and the corporation given power to sue and be sued, to purchase, hold or sell property, real and personal, etc. The war having changed the social condition of the negro, his education by the state was provided* for in 1866 by striking out in BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 167 the St. Joseph charter the words "free white males" and inserting the words "resident taxpayers." Another change in the charter pro- vided that the terms of the directors should be for two years and that one-half of the number should ^o out of office at the expiration of every school year. The president's term, however, was continued at three years. When the first board was elected there were but three wards in the city. This board was constituted as follows : Dr. J. H. Crane, president. Directors : First ward, Louis Hax, John.Sheehan; Second ward, James A. Millan, John J. Abell ; Third ward, WilHam M. Albin and Erasmus Dixon. The First ward at that time comprised the southern part of the city, the Second ward the central part and the Third ward the northern part. James A. Millan was elected secre- tary and Joseph C. Hull treasurer. Of the above named gentlemen Dr. Crane went to California, John J. Abell and Erasmus Dixon are dead and the others still reside in the city. A small school house was provided for each ward as soon as possible. That in the First ward was built at the southeast corner of Third and Charles street. The property was sold to John P. Fink in 1865 for $12,000 and converted into a shoe factory. It is now used for warehouse purposes. The Second ward was provided with a school on the east side of Twelfth sitreet. It was afterwards enlarged, and for many years was called the Franklin school, but was abandoned some years ago. The Third ward school was built at Second and Cherry streets. It was afterwards enlarged and called the Madison school. Later it was known as the First Colored school, and now it is the Humboldt. The three houses were built from the same plans. They were of brick, 34x25 feet in dimension, two stories high. Each had two school rooms, one on each floor, with a narrow stairway in front. They were furnished with common double desks of pine, and had a capacity of 120 scholars each. There were no cloakrooms or other conveniences. The schools were opened on April 23, i860. William H. Mar- mion was principal of the First ward* school and his assistant was Miss Annie Webster. Sidney P. Cunningham had charge of the Second ward school and had for his assistant Miss Annie Banes (now Mrs. John Townsend). The principal of the Third ward school was J. W. H. Griffin, and his assistant waS Miss Lizzie Brand (afterwards Mrs. Carder). Salaries were not high in those days, the principal receiv- ing $50 per month and the assistants $25. In the winter of 1861 it was' found that there were in each of i68 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH the ward schools quite a number of pupils who had mastered more or less thoroughly the branches prescribed, and who were prepared to take up advanced studies. It was accordingly proposed to open a school of a higher order for their accommodation. Prof. Edward B. Neely had been conducting a classical school in St. Joseph for six years, and had recently erected a school building on Tenth street, between Felix and Francis streets. The School Board arranged with Professor Neely to take charge of the proposed higher branch, and .on the first Monday in March, 1861, Professor Neely opened in his building what afterwards developed into the St. Joseph High School. He had about forty scholars of both sexes, who had brought certificates of quahfication from the ward schools. In consequence of the distrubed condition of society from the impending civil war, the School Board at a meeting on May 21, 1861, resolved to summarily close all primary and grammar schools, but continue the advanced school until the end of June. From this time until 1864 there were no pubhc schools in the city, although the board met occasionally and maintained at least a partial organization. The buildings were sometimes rented for private schools and some- times occupied by the military. On August 12, 1864, the Board of Public Schools — then consist- ing of Louis Hax, president; and David Pinger, William M. Wyeth, R. F. Maxwell, John Colhoun, J. P. Adolph and Bernard Patton, as members — resolved to reopen the schools. Professor Neely was, by unanimous vote, elected superintendent, a position which he has filled without interruption until the present time. The board offered $80 per month salary to principals and $50 per month to assistants, and also decided to estabHsh a high school, with the superintendent as principal, and one assistant at $80 per month. The schools were not entirely free. A matriculation fee of 50 cents per month was charged each pupil in the primary and intermediate grades, and $1 per month in the high school. The rate of taxation allowed by the cjiarter was so small that full terms could not have been maintained without the aid of the tuition fee. On February 3, 1872, this practice was abolished, and since that time the schools have been entirely free. October 3, 1864, the schools were reopened, with Professor Neely as principal of the high school, and Nelson Wilbvir, a graduate of Dartmouth College, as his assistant. Nathan Somerville was principal of the First Ward School, with Miss Jennie Parsons as assistant. Benjamin R. Vineyard was principal of the Second Ward BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 169 School, with Miss AHce Bruner as assistant, her place being after- ward filled by Mrs. Annie R. Townsend. H. C. McLaughlin was principal in the Third Ward School and his assistant was Miss India Cowden (now Mrs. Evan W. Ray). The schools were immediately crowded and n^any applicants who applied were unable to gain admission for want of room. This condition continued until the school board found relief through a charter amendment in 1866, permitting an increase in the rate of taxation, which gave the board the means for building two additional houses. With the proceeds of the sale of the First Ward property and the yield of the additional tax, the Everett School, at Twelfth and Olive streets, and the old High School building, at Tenth and Edmond streets, were erected. The buildings were identical in plan, and the cost of each,- exclusive of ground, was about $36,000. Labor and material in those days were both extremely high, as the older people will remember. The High School was opened in 1866, with John S. Crosby as principal, and was used as such until 1896. The building was dam- aged by fire in 1889, rebuilt and enlarged. In 1895 it was remodeled for grammar schools and offices of the board of education, and is now known as Robidoux School. The Everett has also been en- larged and is still in service. In 1867 a house was provided for colored school children at Fourth and Michel streets. It was a one-story frame building, of which no trace remains. In 1868 the school board found it necessary to issue- bonds to provide additional buildings, and the sum of $40,000 was obtained from this source. As a result, the Washington School,. at Fifth and Pouline, and the Webster, at Nineteenth and Beattie streets, were built in 1869, the former costing $11,658 and the latter $9,928. Both have since been enlarged to meat the demands. Outstanding in- debtedness was liquidated with the balance of the sum realized from th bond sale. Still the provisions were inadequate, and buildings were rented where possible, to relieve the congested conditions. More school houses were necessary, and in 1872 the board found itself compelled to again issue bonds to erect buildings and make necessary improve- ments upon property already owi^ed. At this time the board purchased the property now known as the German-English School for $8,500. This school had been founded and maintained for some years by an association of German- English 170 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH citizens, formed for the purpose of perpetuating their language in their children. In the conveyance of the property to the school board it was expressly provided that instruction in the "German- as well as English language shall be given in equal proportions in all departments of instruction to meet the demands of the pupils from the whole city for such instruction, according to the capacity thereof." The sum of $36,000 was realized irom the bond issue of $40,000. With this money the board paid debts, built the Neely School at Twelfth and Scott streets, at a cost of about $10,000, eredted an addi- tion to the Everett School at a cost of $6,000, repaired the Webster, which had been unroofed by a tornado, and made ather substantial and necessary improvements. In April of 1877 the people voted, by a large majority, to in- crease the rate of taxation for general school purposes from three to five mills, and the county court ordered a five-mill levy for that year. But in 1878, when the board asked again for a five-mill levy, the county court refused to make it, contending that the people had voted for the five-mill levy for the year 1877 only. The board applied for a writ of mandamus to compel the court to make the five- mill levy, and a judgment was rendered in the circuit court in favor of the board. Through some neglect the judgrrlent was not re- corded and it became necessary to go to trial again. The second trial resulted unfavorably to the schools, and the five-mill levy was not again made, it being the judgment of the court that the people must vote for such a levy each year. In 1878 the county court also questioned the legality of the school board's bonds by refusing to levy a sinking fund and interest tax. The question was tested in the United States court and the legaHty of the bonds fully sustained. The present bonded indebtedness of the St. Joseph school board is $415,000, of which $215,000 bears 5 per cent interest and $200,000 bears 4 per cent. In 1888 $100,000 twenty-year 5 per cent bonds were voted for the erection of school buildings; in 1890 $115,000 twenty- year 5 per cent bonds were issued to refund outstanding 6 per cents, and in April of 1894 the people voted for an issue of $200,000 twenty- year 4 per cent bonds for school buildings, which contemplated the new high school and other necessary buildings. In 1879 a school was built at Sixth and Jackson strefts and named the Floyd. This was sold in 1888 to the Holy Rosary congre- gation and is now used as a Catholic church. The Crosby .School, at Savannah avenue and Richardson streets, was built in 1889, at a BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 171 cost of $7,400. The Steinacker School, at Second and Louis streets, was built in 1883, and the present estimated value of ilie building is $16,500. The other schools were built in the following order, and the amount represents the present estimated value jf the buildings : Hall, Twenty-sixth and Duncan streets, 1887, $;,45o; South Park, 1888, $7,600; Colored High School, Eighteenth and AngeHque, 1888, $17,690; Young, Ninth and Mary, 1889, $25,725; new Floyd, Third and Hickory, 1889, $18,920; Bliss, Thirtieth and Olive, 1890, $7,500; Ernst, Walker's Addition, 1891, $7,500; Grant, North Eleventh street, 1894, $7,550; Lincoln (colored), St. Joseph avenue and Pen- dleton streets, 1894, $10,600; Jackson, Twenty-fourth street, near Clay, 1894, $7,500; Musser, Twenty-fourth and Olive streets, 1894, $6,550. The Avenue School, at Frederick avenue and Thirteenth street, was formerly a store building. It was rented for some years by the board and purchased for $10,000 in 1892. After various unsuccessful efforts, the school board secured the consent of the taxpayers to erect an adequate and substantial High School building. The funds having been provided, the question of a site for the prospective new structure at once became paramount, and a lively rivalry ensued. The people in general would have been satisfied with an accessible and central location. However, the school board seems to have been actuated by high motives, so far as location and price went, for it purchased for $23,500 a piece of ground i2Sx 200, on the highest point of Carpenter's hill, frorJtingon Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets, about 200 feet north of Olive street. There was much popular indignation at this deal, for the location was considered out of range and inaccessible, and the price exceedingly high. Plans, prepared by Edmond J. Eckel, were adopted by the board during the winter of 1894-95, and the corner stone of the present building was laid with Masonic ceremony and a popular demonstra- tion, together with oratory and music. The building was occupied in the spring of 1896, the term being finished there. The contractors were Bernard Feeney and WilHam Rupert and John DeClue, and the cost about $90,000. The value of the property of the St. Joseph school board is given in the last report as folows : Buildings, $389,835 ; furniture and fix- tures, $49,415 ; grounds, $170,500; a total of $609,750. Of the build- ings named above the High School, the Floyd, the Young, the Stein- acker, the Lincoln, the Grant and the Jackson are heated and ven- tilated by the Smead system of dry closets and furnaces. The Web- 172 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ster, the Garfield and the colored High School are heated by steam, and the others by stoves. All are supplied with city water. As the number of wards increased in the city so the number of school directors increased. Up to 1864 there were six members, in 1865 there were -ten, and. from 1890 to October, 1895, there were sixteen. The members of the school board have always served with- out pay, but there was frequently spirited rivalry at the elections, which were held in June. And the sessions of the board were often so animated that the reports of the proceedings made spicy reading in the newspapers. The conviction that the board was unwieldy had been growing upon the people for some time and a movement to have the charter" amended by the legislature met with hearty popular support. This , was done at the session of 1895. Under the provisions of the new charter the school board is composed of six members, two of whom are chosen at each general city election and each of whom serves six years. It is customary for each of the political parties to select a candidate, who is endorsed by the opposing party, thus taking the school board practically out of politics. At the April election of 1895, according to the emergency clause of the bill, six members were chosen — Messrs. B. R. Vineyard, I. T, Hosea, Dr. E. A. Don- elan, B. Newberger, K. M. Mitchell and David Marshall. The board did not, however, take charge of affairs until October i, 1895. When the new board took charge of the schools the members elected Dr. Donelan as president and drew lots for terms. Direc- tors Hosea and Mitchell were placed for six-year terms. Dr. Donelan • and Mr. Newberger for three years and Messrs. Vineyard and Mar- shall for one year. In April of 1896, Mr. Vineyard was elected to succeed himself and A. C. Hinckley was elected to succeed Mr. Mar- shall. In April of 1898, Dr. Donelan was elected to succeed him- self and Charles J. Borden was elected to succeed Mr. Newberger. Dr. Donelan has been the president of the board continuously. From August 1864, to August, 1883, Superintendent Neely was ex- officio clerk of the school board , and the buildings, supplies, etc., were looked after by committees. August 7, 1883, Frederick C. Parker was appointed secretary and superintendent of buildings. This gentleman held the position until March i, 1897, when he was succeeded by Harry H. Smith, the present incumbent, whcJ is as- sisted by Miss Cornelia Fredericks. For many years the board officed and met in the Kirschner building, corner of Felix street and Market square. In 1892 quarters BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 173 were secured in the Buriies building at Third and Felix, and these were occupied until August of 1896, when the present permanent quarters in the Robidoux school building were taken. The following are the names of the various presidents of the school board: Dr. J. H. Crane served 1860-63; John Colhoun, 1863- 67; Samuel Hays, 1867-70; Wm. H. Floyd, 1870-79; Adolph Steinacker, 1879-85; Waller Young, 1885-94; C. A. Mosman, 1894- •95 ; Dr. E. A. Donelan, 1895-98, present incumbent. The following is a list of the members of the old school board, from i860 to 1895 : John Shehan, Louis Hax,John J. Abell, Jas. A. Millan, E. F. Dixon, W. M. Albin, fhos. Harbine, A. Andriano, DaVid Finger, W. M. Wyeth, James Tracey, Robt. F. Maxwell, J. B. Adolph, Bernard Patton, J. M. Hawley, H. Nash, P. Bliss, Joseph Steinacker, E. Whiting, H. N. Turner, E. Sleppy, L. M. Lawson, J. J. Wyatt, D. C. Anderson, Otto Behr, Geo. Lyon, Elias Eppstein, Chas. F. Ernst, John T. Ransom, Jas. B. Johnson, Samuel Reynolds, Wm. Drumhiller, W. B. Johnson, John C. Evans, John B. Albrecht, F. T. Davis, D. H. Winton, Isaac Wilkins, J. H. Lewis, R. L. McDonald, W. A. P. McDonald, Samuel Russell, Louis Fuelling, Jno. A. Dol- man, J. B. Bernard, John Broder, W. Z. Ranson, John S. Crosby, R. R. Calkins, George C. FIull, F. G. Hopkins, Jo. Hansen, J. M. Armstrong, Rob't Musser, Christ. Mast, C. H. Foote, D. F. Bom- beck, A. J. Redding, Geo. P. Dixon, Jno. Townsend, Waller Young, Alex D. Vories, O. E. Vandeventer, U. Schneider, C. C. McDonald, J. H. Bulling, C. B. Claggett, George M. Good, C. L. Groscup, Fred'k Neudorff, Jno. S. Andrews, A. E. La Bi^unerie, H. G. Getchell, H. W. Burke, Samuel Hilpp, Jos. Albus, C. B. Lucas, Wm. H. Floyd, Jr., Thos. Winston, W. E. Sullivan, John Jester, H. C. Twedell, John Albus, Jr., W L. Reynolds, C. C. Crowley, M. M. Crandall, F. M. Atkinson, I, T. Dyer, H. B. Shale, Dr. J. B. Riley, C. J. Pohl, John D. Preston, George E. Acklam, Oscar M. Spalsbury, George Voltz, and B. C. Thayer. As the directors were generally re-elected, many of them having retained their seats ten and twelve years, the roster is not larger con- sidering the number of elections and members. Among those who served longest are the following : H. N. Turner, twenty years ; John Broder, sixteen years ; Geo. C. Hull, sixteen years ; Charles F. Ernst, twelve years ; ■ H. Nash, eleven years. Quite a number served nine years and from that on down to four years. 174 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH PRIVATE SCHOOLS.— Reference was made to the first school in the county in the opening hnes of this chapter. Others of perhaps equal importance existed in different parts of the county from that time to the permanent establishment of the public school sys- tem. In 1845 Mrs. Israel Landis opened a female seminary in St. Joseph, which prospered for several years. Contemporaneous with this Mrs. Mary Stone, a Roman Catholic lady of culture, taught a private school in the city. In 1850 Rev. T. S. Reeve, a minister of the New School Presbyterian church, opened a female seminary in the basement of a church /that stood on a hill upon the site of the First National bank, at Fourth and Francis streets. Mr. Reeves- taught successfully for four years and then withdrew from the pro- fession. The St. Joseph Female High School opened at Fifth and Faraon streets in September of 1854. It was conducted by three ladies named Lesueur. F. X. Stuppy, Wm. O'Toole, James Hart, Wm. M. Albin, Pro- fessor Charles C. Byrne and Mrs. Burr also taught private and sub- scription schools. In the fall of 1854 Edward B. Neely, the present superintendent of the St. Joseph public schools, arrived from Virginia, accompanied by R. F. Maxwell. They established a school in the rooms vacated by Mr. Reeves. Mr. Maxwell soon retired and the school was successfully conducted by Mr. Neely until that gentle- man closed it. In 1855 Professors Davis and Rogers opened a female academy in what was afterwards the Saunders House^ at Third and Faraon streets. Professor Davis retired in 1858 and Professor Rogers in the following year. Rev. A. V. C. Schenck conducted the school for a brief period and sold out to William Cameron of Lexington, Mo., who remained until the building was converted into a hotel. In 1858, Alonzo W. Slayback, who afterwards figured promi- nently in the history of St. Joseph and of Missouri, taught a private school in what was the Cumberland Presbyterian church, at Sixth and Edmond streets, and which was afterward used as a syagogue. In 1859 J. P. Caldwell taught a school in the same jjuilding. Miss India Cowden (Mrs. E. W. Ray) and Miss Sarah Bell (Mrs. Tiernan) also conducted schools before and during the civil war. At DeKalb, before the war, Professor Charles S. Raffington con- ducted the Bloomington Academy, a school of high reputation. During the war Professor Raffington came to St. Joseph and opened the St. Joseph Classical Institute in the Franklin' school building. It ceased to exist when that house was required by the public schools. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 175 The Patee house was twice vised for school purposes. Rev. James H. Robinson, a minister of the M. E. church, South, opened a female academy there in September, 1865, which continued to Janu- ary I, 1869. In 1877, Rev. E. S. Dulin, D. D., L.L. D., a prominent minister of the Baptist church, opened the St. Joseph Female College in the building. This institution had a high reputation and was suc- cessfully conducted for four years. A prominent factor in education in the early days was the Ger- man School Society (Deutscher Schul-Verein), a chartered organiza- tion of German-American citizens of St. Joseph. This association was founded in 1855 and is still in existence. Up to 1869, the late Joseph Dreis taught in a building on North Sixth street. The so- ciety, by means of entertainments, accumulated a considerable fund. With this money ground was purchased at Tenth and Felix streets and a building erected. The corner stone was laid with great cere- mony on July 4, 1868. Professor Dreis was succeeded by William Beneke and Ernst Kuehl. Instruction was given in both German and English. In 1872, the St. Joseph school board purchased the property for $8,500 and agreed to perpetually give insitruction in ■equal proportion in both English and German- in all branches taught. Bryant's Business College, which was established in November of 1864 bjf Prof. Thomas J. Bryant and continued up to the date of Professor Bryant's death, several years ago, was a commercial school of reputation and had pupils from almost every point in the West. Professor Chapman and Professor Ritner were also successful lor many years during the seventies and eighties with commercial schools. In 1868 the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul (Sisters of Charity) opened a school for girls on the south side of Felix street, between Seventh and Eighth, in a building owned by Dr. Long. This con- tinued until 1 883, when the Sisters moved to Tenth and Powell streets, where a hospital building had been erected upon a block of ground ■donated by Joseph Corby. A school was maintained here until 1891, -when it gave way to the present hospital. Of the schools other than public which are still in existence, the Academy of the Sacred Heart is the oldest. In June of 1853 four members of this order came to St Joseph from St. Louis. They at ■once established a school, and during the first month enrolled about •one hundred pupils. In 1856 the foundations of the present convent were laid, and in the following year the academy was opened. As Ihe establishmenit flourished the building was enlarged and equipped 176 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH until to-day it is one of the best owned by the order of the Sacre.T Heart in the West. The Christian Brothers College is another of the older institu- tions. In 1858 Father James Powers, a pioneer priest, erected a. three-story building at Thirteenth and Henry streets and placed it in charge of the Christian Brothers. The school was discontinued dur- ing the war and the building used as barracks by Federal soldiers, for which the government, through the mediaition of Congressman James N. Burnes, made an adequate alowance some years ago. In 1867 the school was reopened by Brother Noah. In 1886 the old building was made part of the present commodious modern structure. In 1865 Dr. Charles Martin estabhshed a female academy at Fifth and Antoine streets, which he conducted until 1893. Since then it has been under various managements. Doctor Martin died March 7, 1896. His daughters are conducting a preparatory school in the building at this time. A parochial school has been maintained at the church of the Immaculate Conception since the creation of the parish. German and English are taught here by Sisters of the Order of St. Joseph. At St. Patrick's church a school for boys has been in existence for many years under the direction of the Christian Brothers and one for girls under the direction of Sisters of St. Joseph. Holy Rosary, St. Mary's, SS. Peter and Paul and Wyatt Park Catholic parishes all have schools attached. A parish school is also maintained in con- nection with the German-Evangelical church, on South Tenth street. MEDICAL COLLEGES.— At one time there were three medi- cal colleges in St. Joseph. The St. Joseph Hospital Medical College was founded in 1876. It was located on Second street, north of Francis. Among the faculty were Dr. C. F. Knight, Dr. Joseph D. Smith, Dr. J. M. D. France, Dr. Thos. H. Doyle, Dr. J. M. Rich- mond, Dr. C. J. Siemens and Dr. A. V. Banes. The College of Physicians and Surgeons was founded in 1879, and was locajted in the old Christian church building at Third and Robidoux streets. Among the faculty were Drs. W. I. Heddens, Jacob Geiger, E. A. Donelan, J. W. Heddens and P. J. Kirschner. These two colleges were merged and tfie name was changed to Ensworth Hospital Medical College, in honor of Samuel Ensworth, deceased, who left $100,000 for this purpose. The Ensworth build- ing, at Seventh and Jule streets, was erected in 1888. The hospital BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 177 has recently been placed in charge of the Order of Deaconnesses, under the auspices of the Fifth Street Methodist Church. The Northwestern Medical College was founded in January, 1881, by Drs. F. A. Simmons, S. F. Carpenter, J. P. Chesney and J. T. Berghoff. Until the burning of the court house the college was quartered in the second story of that building. Subsequently it was located at Eighth and Sylvanie streets. In 1895 Dr. T. E. Potter, Dr. O. B. Campbell and others of the faculty withdrew and formed the Central Medical College, which is located at Ninth and Felix streets. The Northwestern continued for a short time and was dis- continued. CHAPTER XVII. ST. JOSEPH BRANCHES OF FEDERAL SERVICE.— THE FEDERAL BUILDING.— HISTORY OF THE ST. JO- SEPH POSTOFFICE.— RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE.— THE INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE.— ST. JOSEPH AS A PORT OF ENTRY.— SURVEYORS OF THE PORT.— THE FEDERAL COURT. Three branches of the United States government are represented in St. Joseph — the postoffice department, the department of justice and the treasury department. All of these are quartered in the Fed- eral building at Eighth and Edmond streets. This is the most im- posing public edifice in the city and it represents an expenditure of $350,000. The first appropriation for the building was made by congress August 5, 1882, while the late Nicholas Ford was our representa- tive. Of the original appropriation $50,000 was set aside to purchase a site and inaugurate the work of construction. After a long delay the lots at Eighth and Edmond streets were purchased for $11,750. There was more or less objection by down-town mer- chants, who argued that the proposed location was too far removed from the business district of the city. The growth of business since that time, however, has been in the direction of the Federal building until now it is conceded that excellent judgment was displayed in se- lecting the site. When the late James N. Burnes entered Congress he took up the work of pushing the completion of the custom house where his predecessor in office had left off. Congressman Burnes secured a second appropriation of $40,000 July 7, 1884, and, on March 3, 1885, another appropriation of $50,000. August 4, 1886, Congressman Burnes succeeded in getting $50,000 additional, and March 3, 1887, the last appropriation of $127,000 for the building proper was made. August 29, 1890, Congressman R. P. C. Wilson obtained an appro- priation of $3,600 for the purchase of a clock for the tower of the building, making the total appropriations $345,000. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 179 Seven years were ocupied in building the custom house, there being much vexatious delay, as is usual in cases of this kind. The principal loss of time was caused, however, by the sinking of the building at the northwest corner. Much of the masonry had to be taken down and rebuilt after the foundation had been properly strengthened. The latter part of i8go saw the building completed, and it was occupied in January of 1891. THE POSTOFFICE.— In 1840 a postoffice was established at Blacksnake Hills, with Jules C. Robidoux in charge. The office continued under this name until 1843, when it was changed to St. Joseph, the town having meanwhile been platted and christened. Robidoux, George Brubaker and Captain Frederick W. Smith were the postmasters under the old name, and Captain Smith was the first positmaster under the new name. The mails were not very heavy in those days, earning mostly by boat from the outer world and by pony and stage from neighboring points. Captain Smith wore an old-style, bell-crowned beaver hat, which he used as the repository of postal matter. He was personally acquainted with every inhabi- tant of the village and it was his custom to deliver mail to parties as he met them. Thus it will be seen that St. Joseph had free postal delivery long before many of the now populous cities of the West were even thought of. William B. Almond succeeded Captain Smith in November of 1844, and served until September of 1845, when he was succeeded by WiUiam Irvin, who served until September, 1848. Joseph Wyatt then filled the office for one year, and was succeeded by Jesse Hol- laday, who served until September, 1849, when he was succeeded by Henry S. Creal in January of 1852. Charles Dutszchky was ap- pointed April, 1853. Henry Clark was appointed April, 1854, but did not take the office. Henry Slack was appointed in the same month and held the office until October, 1855, when William A. Davis was appointed. Mr. Davis invented the railway postal car. The office was made presidential in March of 1858 and Mr. Davis continued as postmaster until April of 1861. He was succeeded by John L. Bittinger, who served until March, 1865, and was succeeded by William Fowler. In March of 1866 George H. Hall was appointed. This appoint- ment was rescinded and James M. Graham was appointed October 31, 1866. However, the friends of Colonel Hall prevailed at Wash- ington and he was given the office in the following month, holding i8o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH it until April of 1867, when he was succeeded by Joseph J. Wyatt, who served until April of 1869. James M. Hunter served from that time until March of 187 1 and was succeeded by Phillip Arnholdt, who served until February of 1875. John Severance held the office until May of 1876, and wa^s succeeded by Dr. Robert P. Richardson, who served only a few months, however. He was succeeded in the fol- lowing August by James T. Beach, who served until December of 1877, and was succeeded by Francis M. Posegate, who served until June of 1 88 1. Frank M. Tracy succeeded Captain Posegate and served until April of 1885, when he was succeeded by John S. Evans, who served four years and was succeeded by Charles F. Ernst. Cap- tain Ernst died August 2, 1892. From that time until September 30, the office was in charge of Deputy Postmaster Joseph S. Browne, when Frank M. Atkinson took charge, served four years, and was reappointed for another four-year term in April of 1897. As long as the business of the city centered in the neighborhood of Market square the postoffice was located in close proximity to that point. For many years it was in the Beatty bank building, on the east side of Second street, north of Francis. Under Hunter and Arnholdt it was located in the Constable building, on Fourth street, south of Edmond, now occupied by Studebaker's. Under Severance, Richardson, Beach, Posegate and Tracy it was located at the south- cast corner of Second and Francis streets. Under Tracy, in 1881, the jflice was moved to a room under Tootle's opera house, the theater at that time occupying the upper floors only. The business of the office soon outgrew the accommodations here, and under Tracy, also, the first floor of the new Tootle building, east of the Opera house, was taken. The office remained there until January 26, 1891, when, under Postmaster Ernst, it was removed to its pres- ent permanent quarters in the Federal building. An idea of the importance of the St. Joseph postoffice may be gathered from the volume of business. The estimate of stamp gales for this year (1898) will be $150,000, and the average money order business is nearly $1,500,000. There are fifty-three employes of the St. Joseph postoffice, in- cluding twenty-four regular and four substitute carriers. The office force consists of assistant postmaster, superintendent of carriers, twenty-nine mail carriers, money order clerk and assistant, stamp clerk and assistant, registry clerk and assistant, general delivery clerk and assistant, three m-essengers, eleven mailing and distributing clerks. The annual pay roll is about $40,000. FEDERAL BUILDING. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH i8i THE RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE.— The St Joseph division of therailway mail service, which is embraced in the Seventh division of the service, has headquarters in the Federal building. There are sixty-five clerks employed under the direction of the chief clerk of the St. Joseph office, twenty-seven of whom live in this city. The lines under the jurisdiction of the St. Joseph office extend into Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska, and many of the clerks em- ployed under the office here live in Quincy, Council Bluffs, Grand Island, Atchison, Leavenworth and other towns. * * * THE INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE.— A branch of the Sixth Internal Revenue district of Missouri has been located in the Federal building since its completion. A deputy, appointed by the collector at Kansas City, is in charge, and his jurisdiction extends over seventeen counties : Buchanan, Atchison, Holt, Nodaway, An- drew, Clinton, DeKalb, Gentry, Worth, Harrison, Daviess, Caldwell, Linvingston, Grundy, Mercer, Putnam and Sullivan. There are in this division 700 retail liquor dealers, including druggists who have permits to sell whisky and alcohol. In addition there are thirty-two wholesale liquor dealers, three breweries, seven fruit distilleries, five grain distilleries and fifty-two cigar manufactories. The business of all these concerns with the internal revenue department is transacted through the St. Joseph office and consequently it makes a vast amount of work. The deputy has stamp clerk, guager and store- keeper to assist him. In 1862 St. Joseph was headquarters of the Third Revenue dis- trict of Missouri, embracing all of the state lying north of the Mis- souri River, and including forty-four counties. The taxes collected amounted to about one million dollars per annum. Charles B. Wil- kinson was the first collector. In 1865 W. A. Price of Savannah was collector and A. N. Schuster was his deputy. In 1869 Mr. Schuster was appointed collector, the district then embracing twenty-five coun- ties. Schuster served until 1871. The boundaries of the district were subsequently changed and it was called the Sixth. Schuster was succeeded by General James Craig, and he by W. Z. Ransom. In 1875, when Charles B. Wilkinson was collector a second time, irregularities and complications were discovered in the office. Wil- kinson went to Australia and was brought back, tried and convicted of embezzlement on a technicality, the irregularities having been traced to some of his employes. Such was the nature of the case, however, that, after a careful examination of the same by the United i82 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH States attorney-general and the President, a full pardon was granted Wilkinson. R. T. Van Horn of Kansas City having meanwhile been ap- pointed collector, the principal office was moved to Kansas City, and Christ. Mast, deceased, was made deputy at St. Joseph. John G, Walker of Savannah followed Mast, and then came Charles Groscup, H. G. Getchell, John Harnois and John B. Rodgers. The latter was succeeded in November, 1898, by William M. Shepherd. * * * THE PORT OF ENTRY.— St. Joseph was made a port of entry January of 1883, through the efforts of Congressman James N, Burnes. Major James Hunter was the first surveyor and he had for his deputy James T. Beach. John Vanderlinde was appointed surveyor January 30, 1887, and was succeeded by James M. Limbird, who was appointed March 21, 1890. It was during his term, in Jan- uary, 1891, that the customs office, which has previously been quar- tered in store buildings, moved to the Federal building. President Cleveland appointed Clay C. MacDonald surveyor of the port in 1893, and Captain MacDonald was succeeded March 2, 1898, by William L. Buechle, the present incumbent. ^ ^ ^ THE FEDERAL COURT.— Through the efforts of Congress- man James N. Burnes a branch of the western division of the United States circuit court was established at St. Joseph. The first session of this court was held at the court house on April 4, 1887, with the late Arnold S. Krekel as judge. Channing M. Dunham was appoint- ed clerk. Judge Krekel and Mr. Dunham both died in the summer of 1888. Judge John F. Philips, the present judge, was appointed to succeed Judge Krekel and appointed Charles M. Thompson as clerk. Mr. Thompson served until October of 1891, when he was succeeded by Charles S. Pollock, the present incumbent. The office of United States commissioner had been held by vari- ous attorneys in the city. James T. Beach was also a commissioner and had an office in the Federal building up to November of 1891, when he was succeeded by Mr. Pollock, who is now commissioner as well as clerk. It is the province of the commissioner to give pre- liminary hearings in cases of violation of Federal laws and to certify to same to the circuit court if the investigation warrants. Two terms of the United States court are held in St. Joseph every year. The first term convenes the first Monday in March and the second term the third Monday in September. CHAPTER XVIII. RELIGION IN BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH.— THE FIRST PREACHERS AND THE FIRST CHURCHES.— A REVIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF THE VARIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN ST. JOSEPH.— HIS- TORY OF THE CONGREGATIONS AND THEIR CHURCH BUILDINGS. During the first ten years of the county's history but few churches were erected. Public rehgious services were generally held in private houses, until school houses were built, after which these build- ings were used for religious purposes on Sundays. The log court house at Sparta was also used. One of the first sermons preached in the county was by the late Bishop Marvin of the Methodist Episco- pal church, in a log structure called "Wood's school house," located in what is now Agency Township. This was early in 1838. "Mount Moriah" was the name of log church located near Frazer. The "Witt Meeting House" was on the farm of Judge Nelson Witt in Platte Township, and was used by the Calvinistic Baptists. The Mis- sionary Baptists subsequently erected in the same township a frame edifice which was called "Hebron." The Christians were also among the earliest denominations that organized in the Platte Purchase. Archibald Stewart formed a con- gregation three miles south of DeKalb, in 1839, and preached his first sermon under a buckeye tree. This denomination was known at that time as the "New Light." The Christians also established a church in Crawford Township, in 1842, which was called "Antioch." The Presbyterians organized a church called "Walnut Grove," and also built a church at Easton when that town was platted. The first camp meeting in the county was held in 1842 near Valley Chapel school house in 1842. THE CATHOLICS.— In 1838, a wandering Jesuit priest visited the obscure and lonely trading post at Blacksnake Hills. Here, in a rude log house of Joseph Robidoux, a primitive altar was extern- i84 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH porized from a common table, and, in the presence of the wondering- red man and the scarcely more cultivated pioneer, mass was cele- brated. This was the small beginning of the march of Christianity in our midst. In 1840, another transient priest made his appearance at the settlement, who elicited no small degree of comment, from the sin- gular mark of a cross on the back of his coat. This was the Rev. Father Vogel. On the 17th of June, 1847, the foundation of the brick church on the corner of FeHx and Fifth streets was laid. Ser- vices were held in this building before its completion, and in the same year, in September, the house was dedicated by Bishop Kenrick of St. Louis. In 1848, the two-story parsonage was erected (brick) and in 1853 3-n addition of twenty-two feet was made to the church. The lot was donated by Joseph Robidoux. At the organization of the church there were about twenty fam- ilies, two of which were Irish and the others Canadian French. The first permanent pastor in the church was Rev. Thomas Scanlan, who began his labors in 1847. His first service was in a frame building, belonging to Joseph Robidoux, on Jule street, beyond the Black- snake. He was succeeded by the Rev. D. F. Healy. Rev. Francis Russie succeeded Father Healy, and, he, in turn, was succeeded by the Rev. S. A. Grugan. In 1859, the Rev. James Powers assumed the duties of assistant pastor, which position he filled until the removal of Father Scan- lan, in i860. In i860. Rev. John Hennessey took charge and con- tinued the same until he was promoted to the See of Dubuque. He is now an archbishop. His successor in St. Joseph was the Rev. James Power. The church at Fifth and Felix streets was abandoned in 1 871. In 1868, the diocese of St. Joseph, comprising all of the territory north of the Missouri River and west of the Chariton River, was erected, and Rt. Rev. John Joseph Hogan consecrated as its bishop. In 1882 Bishop Hogan took charge of the diocese of Kansas City, but continued as administrator of the diocese of St. Joseph. In the fall of 1893 Bishop Maurice F. Burke, who had been stationed at Cheyenne, took charge of this diocese. There are seven Catholic churches in St. Joseph. The Cathe- dral was erected in 1868 by Bishop Hogan. Father Ignatius Conrad, O. S. B., was in charge of the parish after Bishop Hogan's departure, until he was made abbot of Subiacco monastery in Arkansas, in 1890. He was succeeded by Father Andrew Newman, who is now Bishop Burke's assistant. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 185 The Church of the Immaculate Conception, Tenth and Ange- lique streets, was built in 1868, the first priest being Father Hart- man, who was succeeded by the present pastor. Father Linnenkamp. This parish is German. St. Patrick's, Twelfth street and Doniphan avenue, was built in 1873 by Father Eugene Kenny, who remained as pastor until the close of the year 1879, when he died. He was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Walsh, who served about two years and died also. Rev. Francis F. Graham, the present pastor, then took charge. The Polish CathoHcs organized a congregation in 1883, and purchased the old home of General Willard P. Hall, at Twentieth and Messanie streets, which was converted into a church called SS. Peter and Paul. Father Wenzeslaus Krzywonos was the first pastor. He was succeeded in 1894 by Father Moron, who served two years and was succeeded by Father Rejnert, the present pastor. Holy Rosary congregation, at Sixth and Scott streets, was formed in 1888 by Rev. James Sheehan. The Floyd school was pur- chased from the school board and converted into a church. Father Sheehan died in 1892, and was succeeded by Rev. Richard J. Cullen. the present pastor. St. Francis Xavier church, on Seneca street, near Twenty- seventh, in Wyatt Park, was built in the summer of 1891 by the con- fraternity of the Precious Blood. Rev. Seraphim Kunkler, who was placed in charge, has continued since that time as pastor. St. Mary's church, at Main and Cherry streets, was built in the summer of 1891 by the Benedictine Monks of Conception, Mo. The property passed into the hands of the bishop, however, in 1895. Rev. Adolph Schaefer has been the pastor since that time. There are several Catholic churches in the county — at Easton, at New Hurlingen, and at Saxton. Corby Chapel (St. John the Bap- tist church), north of the city, is seldom used for services and no con- gregation is attached to it. The remains of the late John Corby re- pose therein. There was at one time a Catholic church in the French Boittom, known at St. Roche, but this has not been in existerce since 1880. PRESBYTERIANS.— The first Protestant minister to preach the gospel in St. Joseph was Rev. T. S. Reeve, a New School Presby- terian. He held services at the tavern of Jo^iah Beattie, which stood on Main street, above Francis. In the spring of 1844 Rev. Reeves i86 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH built the first church in St. Joseph. It was a log structure, 20x30 feet in dimensions, and stood near the corner of Third and Francis streets. Parson Reeve assisted in cutting the timber and erecting the building. The log church was used by the Presbyterians until 1847, when a brick church was built at the northeast corner of Fourth and Francis streets. This structure stood on a hill, which was cut down when the Saxton bank building was erected. The log church was purchased by the First Missionary Baptist Society. It gave way many years ago to business houses. In February of 1854 twenty-two people met in the old market house and, under the sanction of the Presbytery of Upper Missouri, organized what they called the First Presbyterian church. They were of the old school. Here they worshipped for some time, and various halls were occupied until 1858, when they commenced the erection of the Sixth Street church. They built the first story, cov- ered it and worshipped there until after the war. Then there was division in the church. One part of the membership built, in 1867, the present Seventh Street church, for their use, and the others re- mained in the Sixth Street church. The first minister was the Rev. A. V. C. Schenck, who remained with the church until 1858, when the Rev. J. G. Fackler became pastor. In 1864 Rev. Fackler resigned on account of ill health and the Rev. A. P. Foreman was called to the charge. He remained with the church six years, doing much good, and ministering well to the spiritual wants of his flock. In 1870 Rev. J. G. Fackler was again called to the charge and occupied the pulpit until 1874, when he was succeeded by the Rev. R. S. Campbell, who held the pastorate forfifteen years. The Rev. A. A. Pfanstiehl oc- cupied the pulpit as temporary supply minister after Rev. Campbell vacated it until the present pastor. Rev. George A. Trenholm, took charge, in November, 1891. The Westminster Presbyterian church was organized on May 9, 1863, with twenty members. In May, 1864, Rev. B. B. Parsons of Illinois was installed as pastor. In October, 1866, the stone chapel, directly west of the Hughes building, on Felix street, was completed. This was intended as the wing of a greater church in contemplation. The chapel is a small but massive stone structure of the Gothic type, and had the edifice been completed as originally planned it would have been one of the most attractive architectural features of the city. In February, 1868, Rev. Henry Bullard, then pastor in Wayland, Mass., supplied the pulpit for two Sundays, and upon the ist of May BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 187 following, assumed full charge as pastor. In 1872, the plan of com- pleting the stone church was abandoned and the property of the Old School Presbyterians, at Sixth and Faraon streets, was purchased and completed. In 1892, a new church was erected at Twentieth and Faraon streets. The Sixth street property was sold and the site of the church is now occupied by modern dwellings. The Third Street Presbyterian church grew out of a Sabbatii school organized in 1869. The church, located on Third street at the jimction of Savannah avenue, was built in 1889. The Cumberland Presbyterian church had a congregation in the early fifties. They had a church at Sixth and Edmond streets, where the Hotel Donovan now stands. This was afterwards used as a Jew- ish synagogue and was destroyed by fire. The church edifice on the corner of Sixteenth and Edmond streets was erected in 1882 by the members and friends of the Platte Presbytery. Rev. W. B. Farr, D. D., was the first pastor, and the first congregation was organized November 16, 1883, with nineteen charter members, nine being of one family and three of the pastor's family. The Second Presbyterian church is located at 11 24 South Twelfth street, and Hope chapel on Thirteenth street and Highly streets. THE METHODISTS— In the year 1843-44, Rev. Edwin Robin- son, preacher in charge of the St. Joseph (Savannah) circuit, Weston district, Missouri Annual Conference of the M. E. church, organized the first class in the town of St. Joseph. The leader of this class was John F. Carter; the other members were Rufus Patchen, Clara Patchen, Mrs. Jane Kemper and Mrs. Sarah Jeffries. At the time of the organization W. W. Redman was presiding elder of the dis- trict, which included St. Joseph. The first permanent organization of the church was effected during the early part of the year 1844, Edwin Robinson being preacher in charge. The building in which the con- gregation worshipped at that time was a small frame on Main street, used once by David J. Heaton as a furniture store and cabinet shop ; and for nearly two years they worshipped in this humble and primitive structure. The old log church was afterwards occupied one Sunday each month by courtesy of the Presbyterians. This may be the proper place to state that the General Confer- ence of the M. E. Church, held in the city of New York in May, 1844, failing to harmonize the Northern and Southern sections of the coun- try in regard to the disciplinary legislation concerning "slavery," i88 BUCHANAN COUNTS AND ST. JOSEPH provided a plan of peaceable separation, the important details of which need not be mentioned here ; but under the provisions of which the charges and conferences within the territory of the slave holding states proceeded with great unanimity to adjust themselves and were by the delegated convention, held at Louisville, Ky., in May, 1845, organized into the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. So that after this transition period we are speaking of the M. E. Church, South, in St. Joseph. In 1846, when the Rev. John A. Tutt was in charge, a brick church, 40x60 feet in dimensions, was erected at Third and Felix streets, where the National Bank of St. Joseph's building now stands. In 1857 this property was sold, and a new church built at Seventh and Francis streets. It is interesting to note that there was great objec- tion to the new location because it was considered too far out. Rev. Edwin Robinson was in charge in 1847-48, and was succeeded by Rev. Wm. M. Rush, who served until 1852 and was succeeded by Rev. Wm. Holmes. Mr. Holmes did not remain long, giving place to Rev. C. J. Vandeventer, who served two years. In 1854-55 the pul- pit was filled by Rev. B. A. Spencer, who was succeeded by Rev. Samuel W. Cape. From 1856 to 1858 Rev. E. R. Miller was pastor, and was succeeded by Rev. John Bull, and he in turn by Rev. E. G. Nicholson. Rev. George T. Hoagland supplied the pulpit also until the return of Rev Rush. In 1862, Rev. Rush was prohibited from preaching to his congregation by the military order of General Loan. From 1864 to 1865 Rev. Wm. H. Leftwich was pastor. In 1868 Rev. Vandeventer was again placed in charge, remaining until 1872, when he was succeeded by Rev. Eugene R. Hendrix, now bishop. Rev. Hendrix remained until 1876. Since then the following ministers have been in charge : 1876-78, Rev. G. T. Gooch ; 1878-82, Rev. E. K. Miller; 1882-86, Rev. W. G. Miller; 1886-88, Rev. J. C. Brown; 1888-90, Rev. A. G. Dinwiddle; 1892-94, Rev. J. A. Beagle; 1894-97, Rev. Frank Siler; September, 1897; to date. Rev. W. T. Packard. The Tenth Street M. E. Church, South, was completed in 1870. The building is at the northwest corner of Tenth and Patee streets. It has for some years been used by the Swedish Lutherans. The congregation now owns a commodious edifice at Fifteentii and Olive streets, built in 1894. Hundley Church, South, at Twenty-second and Colhoun streets, grew out of a mission commenced by Rev. C. I. Vandeventer in 1872. A frame chapel stood on Union street until 1892, when the present building was erected. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 189 Centennary M. E. Church, South, dates back to 1883. The building is located on Tenth street, between Pacific and Sycamore streets. Gooding chapel, in St. George, named in honor of John Good- ing, its principal benefactor, is also a branch of the M. E. Church, South. The following relates to the Methodist Episcopal, or, as it is com- monly called, the North Methodist Church : In 1849 Rufus Patchen, John Brady, N. B. McCart and the Rev. A. J. Armstrong, local preacher, withdrew from the parent congregation and organized the "Methodist Episcopal Church," without any geographical distinction. They held meetings, sometimes at the house of Mr. McCart and sometimes at the log church. In 1852 a brick church was erected on Fifth street, below Sylvanie. In 1863 this property was sold for debt. Up to that time the following pastors were consecutively in charge : Revs. J. W. Taylor, J. M. Chivington, Walter Perry, M. T. Kleffer, D. H .May, A. C. Clemens, J. H. Hopkins, J. V. Caughlin, Wm. Han- ley, Richard Haney and Alpha Wright. A reorganization took place after the loss of the property. Quarters were fitted up in the Odd Fellows' building, then at Fifth and Felix streets, and Rev. T. H. Hagerty became pastor, remaining until 1865, when Rev. J. T. Boyle took charge. In 1866 their present house of worship, on Fifth street, between Jule and Francis streets, was built. Rev. W. G. Mattison succeeded Rev. Boyle, and was in turn succeeded by Rev. J. W. Flowers, who served until March of 1869, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. S. Barwick. In 1870 Rev. C. H. Stocking took the pastorate, served three years and was succeeded by Rev. D. J. Holmes. In 1875 Rev. S. W. Thornton took charge, served two years and was succeeded by Rev. John Wayman, who also served two years and was succeeded in 1880 by Rev. J. M. Greene, who was succeeded by Rev. J. J. Bentley. Following Rev. Bentley came Rev. Eli S. Brumbaugh, who remained until 1894, and was succeeded by Rev. C. H. Stocking, who remained until May of 1898, when he was succeeded by Rev. S. B. Campbell, the present pastor. The other Methodist Episcopal churches in the city are, Huffman Memorial, at Twenty-eighth and Seneca streets; Oakland Park church, corner of Twentieth and Highly streets ; St. Paul's, 419 Dol- man street, and the South Park church. The congregation of the German Methodist Episcopal church was organized in March of 1849. The communicants numbered ten and the first pastor was Rev. William Fliers. At a quarterly con- ference held January 13, 1851, a committee was selected to secure a igo BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH lot on which to build. The site selected was on Edmond street, west of Sixth, on which a church was soon thereafter erected, which was wrecked in 1857 in an attempt to raise it. The old site was sold and a location purchased at Third and Robidoux, on which a brick struc- ture was built, under the supervision of Jacob Hauck, Peter Hammer and John Fink, which served the wants of the congregation for about twenty years. In 1867 a parsonage was built at the rear of the church at an expense of about $2,500, which is still the home of the pastor. For many years the. congregation sought to build a, new edifice more suited to the times, but it was not until 1887 that the old church was taken down, and the present handsome structure completed, the lot adjoining the old church on the south having been purchased in 1885. The new church was dedicated in the spring of 1888 by Dr. Liebhart of Cincinnati. Of the African Methodist Episcopal Church there are two par- ishes. Ebenezer chapel, corner of Third and Antoine streets, is the principal edifice. Holsey chapel. Eighteenth and Beattie streets, is a modest frame structure. THE BAPTISTS — The first records that can be found bearing upon the Baptist church in St. Joseph are dated September 28, 1844, and refer to an "arm of the Dillon Creek Baptist Church." On March 22, 1845, a sermon was preached by Elder William Woreley. There- upon the first Baptist congregation was organized. Elder Woreley was succeeded in July, 1847, by Elder James I. Robinson, who at first received $50 per annum and his board, and subsequently received $100 per annum and paid his own expenses. During all of this period there was no permanent place of worship. Meetings were held in private houses and rented halls. In 1848 the "old log church" was purchased from the Presbyterians for $100. This purchase did not include the ground. In January of 1852 the log church was sold at auction for $16.25. From this time until 1856 the Baptists wor- shipped in various places. A movement for a church building was begun in 1850, when the church was incorporated under the laws of the state. Real estate was acquired at the southeast corner of Sixth and Francis streets and, in 1856, a commodious brick structure was erected. In 1895 work was begun upon the present massive structure at Thirteenth and Francis streets, and in the spring of 1897 the base- ment of this building was occupied, the church at Sixth and Francis streets being abandoned. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 191 Rev. Isaiah T. Williams was chosen pastor in 1848. In 185 1 Rev. J. Hickmaji of Kentucky was called, and in March of 1853 R^v. W. F. Boyakin of Illinois assumed the pastorate. When the church at Sixth and Francis streets was completed Rev. Wm. Price was pastor. In November, 1859, Rev. Wm. I. Gill accepted a call and served until June, i860, when he was succeeded by Rev. E. S. Dulin, who served until March, 1864. Rev. T. W. Barrett of Leavenworth served one year after Dr. Dulin, and in July, 1865, was succeeded by Rev. Joseph R. Manton of Providence, R. I., who remained until April, 1868. Rev. James Dixon of Milwaukee followed and served until November, 1868. Rev. J. M. C. Breaker then took charge and remained until May, 1877, being succeeded by Rev. William Harris of Louisville, Ky. Rev. J. L. Lawless succeeded Mr. Harris in March, 1884, and served until January i, 1891, when he was suc- ceeded by Rev. W. J. Coulston, who remained until March 15, 1893. The pastorate remained vacant until September, 1893, when Rev. R. P. Johnston of Chilesburg, Ky., accepted a call. Rev. Johnston re- mained until 1898, when he went to St. Louis. He was succeeded by Rev. J. E. Cook, the present pastor. In 1890 the First Baptist church built a fine edifice in Wyatt Park at Twenty-eighth and Seneca streets, and presented it, paid for in full, to the congregation. The Savannah Avenue Baptist church, situated at the corner of Savannah avenue and Woodson street, was the direct outgrowth of the Young People's Mission Society of the First Baptist church, which caused the erection of a neat brick chapel in the fall of 1885. Two years later this building was enlarged to twice its seating ca- pacity, it having been found entirely inadequate to the accommoda- tion of the congregation. The Patee Park Baptist church was built in 1889-90. As early as 1871 a congregation worshipped in a building at Twelfth and Penn streets. Under the pastorate of Rev. N. R. Pittman the present sub- stantial and modern edifice was erected on Tenth street, opposite Patee park. Rev. Pittman resigned in 1894 and was succeeded by Rev. J. L. Lawless, the present pastor. The negro Baptists have two churches. The Francis Street Baptist church was organized in 1865, by Rev.B. F. Marshall, with seventeen members. For seven years they worshipped in a frame building on their present location, Francis street, between Tenth and Eleventh streets. In 1873 Rev. W. W. Stewart was called to the pastorate, in which he remained until 1889, during which time the 192 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH present building was erected and the church increased. in membership to 350. In the fall of 1889 Rev. J. J. Lyons was settled as pastor. He remained nine months. Rev. A. M. Lewis was then settled as pastor supply. In August, 1891, Rev. E. M. Cohron was called to the pastorate, since which time the present building has been completed. Mr. Cohron is still the pastor. New Hope chapel, on Sixteenth street, a frame building, was erected in 1884. * * * THE CHRISTIANS— In 1844 Elder Duke Young of the Chris- tian church preached a discourse in the residence of Mrs. Northcutt. The growth of this church was slow and meetings were held at vari- ous places until 1847, when Elder Young instituted a revival at the court house, where the congregation continued to hold its meetings until 1858. A church was built at Third and Robidoux streets. This structure is still in existence, though not used as a church. The present Christian church, at Tenth and Edmond streets, was built in 1870. Dr. S. D. Overstreet and Allen G. Mansfield were the elders when the Third Street church was erected. Upon the death of Dr. Overstreet, Judge Joseph J. Wyatt was elected elder and filled the pulpit until Elder Moses E. Lard became pastor of the church. Rev. Lard resigned at the breaking out of the war and Elder Wyatt again took charge. Mr. Lard subsequently became prominent in the ministry in Kentucky and was one of the great lights of the Christian church. In 1866 Elder W. C. Rogers was called, remaining two years. Elder Wyatt again served until the arrival of Elder John Lindsay in 1869. Elder Lindsay resigned in 1870 and Elder Wyatt for the fourth time filled the vacancy, serving two years, and resign- ing to give way to Elder Thomas P. Haley. In December of 1876 Elder John H. Duncan succeeded Elder Haley. Elder John B. Cor- wine succeeded Elder Duncan, and was in turn succeeded in March, 1 88 1, by Elder M. M. Goode, who served up to a year ago, when he was succeeded by Elder C. M. Chilton, the present pastor. There is also a Christian church at Twenty-seventh and Olive streets, one at Tenth and Pacific streets, and a mission on St. Joseph avenue. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL— The first missionary service of the Episcopal church in St. Joseph was held in September of 1851. In the following year a parish was organized by Rev. M. M. McNa- mara. A small building, at the northwest corner of Third and Jule BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 193 streets, was purchased and equipped. In 1856 the site of Christ church, at Seventh and Francis streets, was purchased and in August of 1857 the erection of a frame building, which fronted on Francis street, was begun. This structure was destroyed by fire on Christmas eve, 1876. The present church was erected as soon as possible. Rev. McNamara remained in charge until March of 1854, when he was succeeded by Rev. W. N. Irish, who served until 1858, when Rev. W. R. Pickman took charge. In October of i860. Rev. R. H. Weller succeeded Rev. Pickman and served until October 13, 1866, being succeeded by Rev. W. C. Hopkins, who served one year. In November, 1867, Rev. Pickman again took charge and served until April, 1869, being succeeded by Rev. Wm. Phillips, who served until January, 1871. The parish was vacant until June of 1871, when Rev. Dr. James Runcie was installed as pastor. Dr. Runcie served until his death. May 12, 1889. In the fall of 1889 Rev. H. L. Foote took, charge and served six years. He was succeeded by Rev. John Henry Hopkins, the present rector. There are three missions connected with Christ church. Holy Trinity, the largest, is located at Eleventh and Monterey streets ; St. Mark's is located at Second and Market streets, and St. Matthias (colored) is located at No. 419 South Seventeenth street. EVANGELICAL AND LUTHERAN— The German Evangel- ical Zion's church was organized in 1865, with Rev. A. H. Kirchoff as pastor. The old brick church at the northeast corner of Fourth and Francis streets was purchased and services were held there until October, 1881, when the present church, at Ninth and Jule streets, was completed. Rev. Kirchoff was succeeded by Rev. Carl Nestel in 1874. Rev. Nestel recently gave way to Rev. Max Habeker of St. Louis. The Second German Evangelical church was organized in 1874 and a building erected at Thirteenth and Montery streets. Rev. Julius Kramer was pastor until 1876, when he was succeeded by Rev. , F. Grabeau. Rev. F. Wellge succeeded Rev. Grabeau in 1880. Rev. R. Neumarker is the present pastor. The German EvangeHcal Lutherans organized a church in Au- gust, 1881, and erected St. Paul's church at No. 1019 South Tenth street. Rev. M. Grosse, the first pastor, is still in charge. A paro- chal school is also maintained. St. Peter's German Lutheran church, of which Rev. Traugott Meyer is pastor, is located at 2104 North Fourth street. 194 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Emmanuel church, German, of the Evangelical Association, is located at Twelfth and Lafayette streets, and Rev. C. F. Erffmeyer is the present pastor. The First English Lutheran church was organized in August of 1894 by Rev. Edward F. Treffz. Until the erection of a building, east of the Custom house in 1895, services were held in the Y. M. C. A. auditorium. There is also a Swedish Lutheran congregation, now occupying the building at Tenth and Patee streets, formerly used by the Metho- dists. CONGREGATIONAL— On May 12, 1867, the Congregational Church of St. Joseph came into existence with only ten members. In October of that year Rev. W. L. Bray was called to the pastorate. He remained three years and was succeeded by Rev. Jonathan Crane, who served only a short time, however, being succeeded in the same year by Rev. F L. Kenyon, who remained eight years. From 1878 until 1882 no permanent pastor was maintained. Rev. Frederick S. Hayden served from 1882 until 1888, being succeeded by Rev. Albert Bushnell, the present pastor, who began his work February i, 1889. In 1870 a frame chapel was erected on the south side of Edmond street, between Ninth and Tenth streets. This was abandoned in 1891, the present substantial edifice- at Thirteenth and Jule streets having nieanwhile been erected. There is also a Swedish Congregational church, located on Mes- sanie street, between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets. UNITARIAN.— In November of 1867 those who were in- clined to the Unitarian belief held their first meeting. The service was read by John S. Crosby. For several years various clergymen came and preached to the society. Rev. Mr. Finney served one year as pastor and Rev. E. H. Danforth served two years. Rev. Joseph A. Chase, Rev. A. F. Abbott, Rev. Charles B. Roberts, Rev. J. F. C. Grumbine served successively until 1891. The pulpit has been sup- plied since that time by Rev. J. E. Roberts of Kansas City and others. Services were held in various halls and churches until 1888, when a modern building was erected on Ninth street, between Felix and Ed- mond streets. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 195 THE Y. M. C. A.— On May 2, 1882, at a meeting in the Baptist church, the St. Joseph branch of the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion was formed with forty members. Quarters were rented in the building at the northwest corner of Fifth and Edmond streets, and John W. Hansel of Peoria, lUinois, was installed as general secretary. In October of 1885 Rev. Sam Jones and Rev. Sam Small held a re- vival in the city. Sunday, October 11, was set apart as Y. M. C. A. day. A movement for a building had been in progress for a year or more. Upon this occasion Rev. Jones made an especial plea for a permanent home for the association, and before the meeting ad- journed $39,000 had been subscribed. Later this sum was increased to about $60,000. As a result the Y. M. C. A. building at Seventh and Felix streets was occupied in 1887. THE Y. W. C. A.— In the summer of 1887 the Young Women's Christian Association was formed. The object of this association is to unite all young women interested in physical, social, business, in- tellectual and spiritual development. The physical department in- cludes a gymnasium, where proper instructions are imparted by a thorough teacher. A reading room, with a rapidly increasing library, is a feature. The business department seeks the advancement of young women in the business world, and an employment bureau, for the benefit of the employer and employe, is estabhshed and success- fully conducted. The special features are the gospel meetings, par- ticipated in by members of the association. Since 1891 the organiza- tion has occupied quarters in the Corby block at Seventh and Edmond streets. JEWISH — In 1859 the congregation Adath Joseph erected the synagogue at Sixth and Jule streets. In the beginning services were held in a hall on Felix street. In 1857 a church building, which stood upon the site of the Hotel Donovan at Sixth and Edmond streets, was purchased and fitted up. This building was destroyed by fire. Rev. S. Kauffman was rabbi in charge of the synagogue until 1875, when he was succeeded by Rev. S. Gerstman, who served until 1879, when he gave way to Rev. Isaac Schwab, the present rabbi. There is also an orthodox congregation, known as Sharrah Shalem. There being no synagogue, the faithful worship in a rented hall at Sixth and Angelique streets. ic>6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH OTHERS— The St. Joseph branch of the Reorganized Church of Latter Day Saints was organized in 1870. Services were held in public halls and at the court house until the erection of the church building on Seventeenth street, north of Faraon street, in 1890. Rev. Mark H. Forscutt was the pastor for some years and was succeeded by Rev. J. M. Terry, the present pastor. In 1892 Rev. H. S. Gekeler formed a congregation of the Re- formed church. Meetings were held in the Y. M. C. A. auditorium for some time, until the church formerly used by the Congregational- ists, on Edmond street, was secured. The First Church of Christ Scientists was formed in 1892. Rev. Charles M. Howe now conducts meetings at the Tootle theater. A substantial church building is now in process of construction at Twelfth and Felix streets. The Salvation Army has maintained barracks in St. Joseph since the summer of 1885. During 1898 a detachment of "Volunteers of America" was also quartered in the city. For many years Rev. M. G. McMahan has served as city mission- ary. He works in the slums and among the poor and destitute, and is maintained by private subscription. There is also an undenominational mission, conducted by Rev. Eli Austin, who ministers to the poor and distributes charity. CHAPTER XIX. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH IN WAR.— THE WAR WITH MEXICO.— DONIPHAN'S EXPEDITION.— THE OREGON BATTALION.— THE CIVIL WAR.— A MOB DESTROYS THE UNITED STATES FLAG.— SOME OF THE. MEN WHO WENT SOUTH AND DIS- TINGUISHED THEMSELVES AS SOLDIERS.— THE UNION REGIMENTS THAT WERE ORGANIZED IN ST. JOSEPH, THEIR OFFICERS AND WHERE THEY FOUGHT.— THE "PAWPAW MILITIA;" ITS HISTORY AND HOW IT CAME INTO EXISTENCE.— THE MIS- SOURI MILITIA AFTER THE WAR.— THE NATIONAL GUARD OF MISSOURI.— THE WAR WITH SPAIN AND THE COMPANIES THAT WENT FROM ST. JOSEPH TO THE FOURTH REGIMENT OF MISSOURI VOLUN- TEERS. Having reviewed the political history of Buchanan County and St. Joseph, and touched incidentally upon commercial and social progress, it is deemed proper, at this point, to make a digression and to consider the various war periods. The war with Mexico, the civil war and the late struggle with Spain will be touched upon as far as they are related to the people of this county. During the month of May, 1846, Governor Edwards called for volunteers to join the Army of the West in an expedition to Santa Fe under command of General Stephen W. Kearney General Kearney was the father of Charles W. Kearney, now a resident of St. Joseph, and the uncle of General Phil. Kear- ney. A number went from here, among them Wilard P. Hall, who was then a candidate for congress. Mr. Hall left a law practice and the campaign to take care of itself and joined the First regiment of Missouri cavalry as a private. This regiment assembled at Fort Leavenworth and elected as its colonel Alexander W. Doniphan of Liberty, who had also enlisted as a private. The regiment went with Colonel Kearney as far as Santa Fe. From that point its operations became known as "Doniphan's Expedition," an achievement that is 198 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH famous in history, and that is frequently compared with the mihtary feats of Xenophon, Hannibal and the first Napoleon. The entire Army of the West, at the beginning of the campaign, numbered 1,658 men. The army, composed of dragoons and cavalry, marched across the plains in detachments, the first leaving Fort Leavenworth on June 29th, and the last on July 6, 1846. They rendezvoused at a famous trading post on the Arkansas River in Colorado, the present site of Fort Lyon, know then as Bent's Fort. After resting several days the reunited forces proceeded south, crossed the Raton mountains through the Raton pass and entered the city of Las Vegas without opposition on August 15. The alcalde and all other citizens of the place took the oath of allegiance to the United States. Here Colonel Kearney received his commission as general, forwarded by messenger from Washington. Learning that Armijo, the governor of New Mexico, had fortified Apache pass, through which led the road to Santa Fe, and was oc- cupying it with a considerable force. General Kearney marched to meet him, in the expectation of battle. But at his approach the Mexicans retired without offering resistence, and the army went through the pass and on to Santa Fe, which they occupied unopposed on August 18, 1846. General Kearney at' once proceeded to organize a provisional government for the Mexican state, the capital of which he held. To Colonel Doniphan and to Willard P. Hall was assigned the duty of constructing and formulating laws for the newly acquired territory. They were given quarters in the "palace," as the residence of the governor of New Mexico has always been called, and went to work, each with four clerks and interpreters, in the room in which General Lew Wallace wrote "Ben Hur" a third of a century afterward. The result of their labors is known as the "Kearney code," which forms an important constituent of the territorial laws of New Mexico to-day. It was while thus engaged that Willard P. Hall was notified by Colonel Doniphan, who had received dispatches, that he had been elected to congress over Judge Birch of Plattsburg. On September 26, General Kearney started with his column of regulars for California, leaving Colonel Doniphan in command of Santa Fe. On September 28 General SterHng Price arrived in Santa Fe, followed by a force of 1,700 volunteers from Missouri. Colonel Doniphan, who, at his own request, had been ordered to join General Wool in Chihuahua, was preparing to move south, when an order reached him, sent back by General Kearney, to make a campaign BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 199 against the Navajo Indians, who had been attacking Mexican villages on the Rio Grande. Turning his authority as governor of New Mex- ico over to General Price, Colonel Doniphan at once proceeded to execute General Kearney's order. The Navajos were at that time a powerful tribe, numbering some 17,000, and inhabited what is now northeastern Arizona. They had long been the terror and scourge of the civilized inhabitants of New Mexico. Colonel Doniphan divided his forces, dispatching, Major Gilpin with 200 men northwest into the San Juan country, while he Tiimself, with the remainder of his regiment marched to Albuquerque and thence west up the River Puerco to its headwaters. The Navajos were encompassed and surrounded by this movement and made a treaty in which they bound themselves to cease their depre- dations and become friends of the United States. On December 14, 1846, Colonel Doniphan commenced his ■march to Chihuahua. His route lay through a barren desert of ninety miles, known as the Jornata del Muerto (Journey of the Dead). No ■water is to be found the entire distance. Over this plain Colonel Doniphan successfully marched his troops in detachments, each re- quiring about thirty hours in the passage, and occupied the town of Dona Ana without resistance. Leaving half his regiment here to guard the river crossing. Col- onel Doniphan pushed south, and at Brazito met a Mexican force from Chihuahua that had advanced to oppose him. A sharp skirmish followed in which the Mexicans were routed and followed to El Paso, wh'ch was captured with its military supplies. In the enemy's baggage here taken were found dispatches impart- ing the information that General Wool, instead of proceeding west to Chihuahua, had gone south to join General Taylor at Monterey. Colonel Doniphan was therefore confronted with the alternative of returning to Santa Fe or marching 1,200 miles th-ough a hostile country to Monterey to effect a junction with Wool. He decided to go on and sent back for artillery. In response he was joined by a Missouri battalion of artillery and by the Laclede rangers of St. Louis, increasing his force to about 1,000 men with six pieces of artil- lery. Before him lay the city of Chihuahua, rich, populous and pro- tected by a strong garrison. Colonel Doniphan marched south with- out serious opposition to the pass of Sacramento, sixteen miles north of the city of Chihuahua, which the Mexicans had fortified and where they were then awaiting his coming with 4,200 men, cavalry and 200 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH artillery. The Mexican flank was protected by a deep and precipitous ravine, difficult of passage. The following incident is related by the venerable Francis Carrol Hughes, now of Agency Township, who was Colonel Doniphan's quartermaster sergeant. Doniphan had not slept during the night before the battle of the pass and was seated in front of his tent early in the morning of February 28, 1847. The men had not slept much either and were seated about the camp fires talking. When Sergeant Hughes approached his commander. Colonel Doniphan requested h-m to go about among the men and ascertain what they were talking about. Doniphan had serious doubts of the result of the impend- ing engagement; in- fact he expected the worst, for the odds were overwhelmingly against him. "What are they talking about, sergeant?" he asked eagerly when Hughes returned. "Why, colonel," said Sergeant Hughes, "they are talking about the massacre of the Alamo and cursing the Mexicans." Doniphan's face lit up at this, and slapping his hands upon his knees, he jumped up and exclaimed prophetically, "By heaven, ser- geant, we are going to win !" Thus inspired, Colonel Doniphan gave the order to advance as soon as possible. He crossed the ravine, above mentioned, under fire, .with his mounted troops, and on the other side was met by the Mexi- can cavalry, which was repulsed. Then he ordered a counter charge, which was successfully made, and drove the Mexicans from the field.. He captured eleven pieces of artillery, forty prisoners and the enemy's baggage, and entered the city of Chihuahua in triumph. The Mexi- can loss was 300 killed and wounded, while Doniphan's loss was one killed and eight wounded. Reports were sent to Generals Taylor and Wood and the march to join the former at Monterey began. This expedition, in a hostile country, far from any base of supplies, had to rely wholly upon its own resources for existence, exposed equally to the attacks of the Mexicans, whose country they were invading, and of the predatory bands of Indians which roamed over Northern Mexico. Over arid plains, through mountain passes, in which Mexican guerillas lay in ambush, and through fertile valleys as well, the expedition continued its triumphal march, defeating and dispersing all who opposed it, until on the first of May, 1847, it moved into Saltillo with banners flying, and joined Taylor. But General Taylor was not prepared to utilize these reinforce- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 201 ments. There were reports of a change of comtnan'lers in Mexico and all operations were at a standstill. Colonel Doniphan's troops re- mained with Taylor about one month, when, their terms of enlistment having expired, and there being no prospect of active operations at an early date, he marched his command to Brazos de Santiago and embarked for New Orleans, where the men were mustered out. From the beginning to the end of the campaign the forces under Colonel Doniphan had lived wholly upon their own resources. Until they reached New Orleans they had not seen a paymaster, quarter- master or commissary, save as these posts were discharged by the reg- imental officers. As may be imagined, the men after such a cam- paign were a motley crowd as to raiment. They were in rags, except so far as they had supplemented their original uniforms with articles of Mexican costume acquired on the march. From New Orleans to their homes in Missouri the progress of Colonel Doniphan's command was a continuous ovation. The ex- pedition indeed had been a wonderful one. In thirteen months the command had marched, mainly in a hostile country, 3,600 miles by land a-nd traveled 2,500 miles by water. On his arrival in Missouri Colonel Doniphan received the well-earned brevet of brigadier-gen- eral. Willard Hall did not participate in the campaign beyond Santa Fe. The late Charles A. Perry, whose name is prominently identified with the history of St. Joseph, was the sutler of Colonel Doniphan's regiment, but did not got beyond Santa Fe. Carroll Hughes, Colonel Doniphan's quartermaster-sergeant, is still alive at an advanced age and with unimpaired faculties, being a resident of Agency Township Andrew Tracy, who is still a resident of St. Joseph and in business as a cabinet-maker, was with Doniphan through the entire campaign. Aside frqm General Hall there were only two others from Buchanan County with Doniphan. These were Joel Ryan, who died in Doni- phan County, and Vernell Thompson, who afterwards went to Cali- fornia. Hughes went from CHnton County and Perry and Tracy from Platte. Ryan and Vernell enlisted under Sterling Price and were transferred to Doniphan at Santa Fe. Buchanan County also sent a contingent to join General Sterling Price, whose expedition to New Mexico followed that of General Kearney and relieved Colonel Doniphan at Santa Fe, as related above. Many also went as teamsters. Among those now residing in St. Joseph who went under Price is Samuel D. Gann, who enlisted from Platte County, however. The late Isaac N. Brooks and his brothers Bride and Virgil were with Price, too, as were also Dr. Gray and his son, of the lower part of the county. 202 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH In the spring of 1847 Governor Edwards called for a battalion of five companies for service on the Indian frontier, and the routes to Santa Fe and Oregon, to protect traders and emigrants. Lieut. - Col. L. E. Powell, of St. Charles, organized the battalion, among the companies being one formed a;t St. Joseph. Our company was of- ficered by Robert M. Stewart, captain ; Henry Smith, first lieutenant ; Howell Thomas, second lieutenant; John Searcy, third Heutenant. The battalion was formed at Fort Leavenworth. Beside Colonel Powell there were the following officers : Dr. S. Todd, St. Joseph, adjutant; James McDowell, St. Joseph, sergeant-major; quartermas- ter, Capt. Stewart Van Vliet; commissary of subsistence, Frank Warmcastle, Atchison County. The late Gen. James Craig com- manded a company raised in Holt County. Captain Stewart was stricken with rheumatism at Fort Leavenworth and returned home. After faithfully performing the mission upon which it was sent, doing business over a vast region of country between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains, the battalion returned home and the men were mustered out late in the fall of 1848. After the war with Mexico interest in military matters lagged. In 1853, the Robidoux Grays existed, under command of Capt. Bela M. Hughes. In i860 the Fourth Military District, in which St. Jos- eph was located, was commanded by Col. M. Jeff Thompson, and the First battaHon, consisting of three companies, under Major F. W. Smith, was organized in St. Joseph. Company A, Jackson Guards, was commanded by Capt. Reuben Kay. Company B, Em- mett Guards, was commanded by Capt. T. J. Rafftery. Company C, German Rifles, was commanded by Capt. George Landry. The Civil War period was in some respects the most momentous in the history of the community. Buchanan County was settled largely by people who had come from the Southern States and the fact that over 2,000 slaves, valued at $1,500,000, were owned here will readily explain why there was a strong feeling against abolition on the part of a considerable portion of the community. In the election of i860, Bell and Everett, the Presidential candidates representing the remnants of the old Whig and Know-Nothing parties, under the name of Constitution-Union party, received 1,287 votes; Stephen A. Douglas, representing that wing of the Democratic party which op- posed secession and the interference of the National government with BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 203 the local affairs and institutions of any State, received 1,226 votes; John C. Breckinridge, representing that wing of the Democratic party known as strict State's Rights men, received 614 votes ; Abra- ham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, received 452 votes, of which number 410 were cast in the city of St. Joseph. On February 18, 1861, an election was held to chose three dele- gates to the convention which was to decide the course of Missouri upon the question of secession or loyalty. Ex-Gov. Robert M. Stew- art, Willard P. Hall and Robert W. Donnell were elected. The first two were strong, outspoken Union men, while the latter sympathized with the South. Public sentiment was fairly reflected in the vote for these delegates. Prominent among the local followers of Governor Jackson, who had declared that the destiny of all slave-holding slates was alike, were M. Jeff Thompson, Alonzo W. Slayback, J. H. R. Cundiff, then the editor of the Gazette, and others. A delegation from St. Joseph assisted in the sacking of Liberty arsenal and a portion of the arms and military equipments there taken were brought here and secreted in cellars. The Emmett Guards and the Jackson Guards were dis- banded, there being strong division of sentiment. Capt. John C. C. Thornton and Capt. Reuben Kay then formed companies of Jackson sympathizers and went into camp near the Patee house. Excitement now ran high in St. Joseph and there was great un- easiness, as threats had been uttefed against the loyalists, those who had voted for Lincoln being especially unpopular with the Southern sympathizers. At this time an incident occurred which hastened the impending crisis. John L. Bittinger, a prominent Republican, who had been appointed postmaster by President Lincoln, raised the United States flag over the postoffice, which was then located in a building on the east side of Second street, just north of Francis. This incensed the Southern sympathizers and was construed by the mili- tary companies as a direct affront to them. One morning in May, 186,1, several days after the flag had been raised, a mob col- lected at Market Square and an angry discussion of the affair took place. Colonel Thompson, who was then engaged in the real estate business with Thomas Harbine, opposite the postoffice, went down and addressed the mob, denouncing the postmaster's course, but counseling moderation. Then, as if seized by a sudden impulse, he did the exact opposite, Proceeding to the rear of the postoffice building, he ascended the roof by a shed, and when his associates saw him again he had torn the flag from its pole and was waving it to the mob at Market Square and excitedly blowing a tin horn. The mob 204 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH charged up Second street and swarmed upon the roof to join Colonel Thompson. The flag was torn to shreds, the pole was broken off and carried in triumphant procession by the mob to the river, where it was demolished and cast into the water. No resistance was offered to this piece of violence and the frenzied rabble had clear field. A contingent, headed by Alonzo W. Slayback, proceeded to Turner Hall, where the United States colors were also displayed. Several members of the Turnverein, guarded by Robert Bradshaw. saved the flag here by taking it down in the face of danger. Rebel flags were raised in various parts of the city. As a result of this outburst a company of United States dragoons, under command of Captain Sully, was sent here to protect loyal citi- zens. The dragoons broke up the camp near the Patee house and the State troops scattered. Colonel Thompson joined the Confederacy and rose to the rank of brigadier-general. He was known as the "Swamp Fox," and his career in the great struggle is now a part of the nation's history. Capt. John C. Landis had secretly formed a company for the South. In July, of 1861, he had the Liberty arsenal arms and am- munition secretly loaded into wagons, covered with hay, and taken through the Federal camp in the daytime to avert suspicion. Out- side of the city Captain Landis' company received them and carried them successfully to Price's army, then encamped near Springfield. This was the only company that went to the South from St. Jos- eph. The others who fought on that side went singly or in small, unorganized squads. Among these was A. W. Slayback, mentioned above, who, after the battle of Lexington, was elected colonel of a cavalry regiment and served under Kirby Smith. He was killed some years ago by John A. Cockerill, then the editor of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Captain Landis fought at Corinth, Champion Hills and Vicksburg, where he surrendered and was exchanged. Subse- quently he commanded a battery and surrendered at the close of the war with the Army of the Gulf. Elijah Gates went out as a private in a company formed at Easton and joined Governor Jackson in the summer of 1861. He served with distinction at Lexington and Elkhorn, also at Corinth, was promoted step by step for bravery and retired only after the guns had been silenced. He came out a brigadier-general, but left an arm upon the battlefield. A regiment to join Price at Lexington was organized from Buchanan, Andrew, Nodaway and Atchison counties, in August, of 1861. John Saunders was colonel, J. H. R. Cundiff lieutenant-col- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 205 onel, and J. C. C. Thornton major. These troops fought heroically under Colonel Green at Lexington. Thornton's men rolled a bale of hemp before them as they ascended the hill to attack the Union breastworks. The bjillets did not peneitrate the hemp bales and the cannon balls only bounced from them to the ground. Thus they reached and took the entrenchments. It is estimated that between 1,600 and 2,000 men 'went South" from Buchanan County during the war. As there are no records to refer to it is impossible to give details of their achievements in the field. Reuben Kay of St. Joseph was in command of a company in the Confederate service, as was also Thomas R. Penick, a brother of Col. William R. Penick, who was an extreme Union man. The late John S. Tutt, county assessor, lost a leg at the battle of Corinth. John Kemper, son of Simeon Kemper, also a captain, was killed in battle, as was also George Baxter, an attorney, who went from St. Joseph and joined Sotnewall Jackson. John R. Boyd, another attor- ney of St. Joseph, was killed at Independence. Sidney Cunningham, who had taught in the public schools of St. Joseph, joined John Morgan, was with that leader throughout his career and escaped cap- ture by swimming the Ohio River. Ephraim Kelly of the county commanded a battery under General Price and also distinguished himself. It will be impossible to state more in this brief work con- cerning the sons of Buchanan County who fought and suffered and gave their lives for the cause that was lost. But there is no doubt about the valor and the heroism of these men, nor of the loyalty and patriotism of those who live to see the nation reunited and prosperous. Matters grew worse instead of better in St. Joseph after the ar- rival of the dragoons. These were supplanted by the Second Iowa Infantry under Colonel Curtis. This regiment remained from June until August, 1 86 1. In September, the Sixteenth Illinois, under Col- onel Smith, was here for a short time. This regiment and the Fifty- second. Illinois returned and spent the winter of 1861-62 in camp on Prospect Hill. Some of the breastworks erected there are still in existence. Early in September of 1861, St. Joseph was visited by a Confed- erate regiment, under Boyd and Patton. These troops were on their way South from the upper counties and remained in the city several days, levying tribute and helping themselves to whatever they fancied. There was a reign of terror during their stay, beside which the ordinary run of local dissension was mild and welcome. Following them, and before the arrival of the Illinois troops. 2o6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH came Major Cranor and a battalion of raw militiamen from the Grand River country. These remained only a short time and created much amusement by their grotesque awkwardness. They soon learned how to fight, however. In the spring of 1862 Benjamin F. Loan of St. Joseph was ap- pointed brigadier-general and placed in command of Northwestern Missouri with headquarters at St. Joseph. In the fall of that year he was put into active service in an effort to run the "bushwhackers" from the central part of the State, and finally took command of the Jefferson City district, where he remained until after he was elected to Congress. On his staff were the following from Buchanan Coun- ty: John Severance, major and aide-de-camp; Joseph Penny, major and quartermaster; James M. Wilson, major and aide-de-camp; Nicholas J. Schlupp, lieutenant and aide; Dr. R. P. Richardson, brigade surgeon. General Loan was succeeded by Brigadier-General Willard P. Hall in the fall of 1862, as commander of the Seventh Military Dis- trict, which embraced Buchanan and Platte counties. He remained until February, 1864, when, as lieutenant-governor, he succeeded Governor Gamble, who had died. On General Hall's staff were: Silas Woodson, colonel and inspector-general ; Jonathan M. Bassett, colonel and inspector; Allen P. Richardson, colonel and aide-de- camp ; Mordecai Oliver, colonel and aide-de-camp ; Thomas J. Chew, Jr., major and quartermaster; Dr. William Bertram, major and brigade surgeon ; John L. Bittinger, major and aide-de-camp ; James Hunter, major and aide-de-camp ; Peter W. Fredericks, lieutenant and inspector. Col. John F. Williams of the Ninth Cavalry was in charge of the district after General Hall. In the spring of 1864 Gen. Clinton B. Fisk was in command of the forces in this county and remained un- til he was succeeded by Col. Chester Harding, in the fall. In the winter of 1864-65 Gen. James Craig was in command. On General Craig's staff were these from the neighborhood : Isaac B. Halsey, major and aide-de-camp ; E. S. Castle, major and aide-de- camp. Col. John Pinger was in command in the spring of 1865, and when the year closed William R. Penick was in command of the Missouri militia in this section as brigadier-general. Among other citizens of St. Joseph and the county who held general staff positions are the following: John F. Tyler, colonel and aide-de-camp to General Schofield; James Rainsford, major and as- sistant aide-de-camp on the staff of General Guitar; William Kemper BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 207 major and quartermaster on the staff of General Guitar. George H. Hall, brother to Governor Hall and afterwards mayor of St. Joseph, also rose to the rank of brigadier-general, as did also Colonel Chester Harding and Robert Bradshaw. Major William M. Albin was provost marshal under General Loan, Jonathan M. Bassett and Silas Woodson under Generals Willard P. Hall and Guitar. General Bassett was also under General Fisk, and was followed by Captain Hardin, Captain Walser and Armstrong Beattie. St. Joseph was a prominent base of mihtary operations during the Civil War and a number of regiments were organized here. In June, of 1861, the Thirteenth Regiment, Missouri Volunteers, was formed, of home guard battalions, under Major Everett Peabody, Major Robert T. Van Horn and Major Berry. The regiment was employed in guarding a portion of the Hannibal & St. Joseph rail- road and upon garrison duty, until ordered to Lexington, in Sep- tember. Colonel Mulligan, who commanded at Lexington, surren- dered to Sterling Price on September 16, 1861, ^vho paroled the of- • ficers of the Thirteenth and released the men upon their oaths. Ex- changes were subsequently effected and the regiment was reorgan- ized as the Twenty-fifth Regiment, Infantry, Missouri Volunteers, with Everett Peabody as colonel, R. T. Van Horn as lieutenant-col- onel, James E. Powell and Fred C. Nichols as majors, and Dr. J. T. Berghoff as surgeon. There were ten companies and the aggregate strength of the regiment was about 600. Among those from St. Jo- seph who held commissions were Capt. Joseph Schmitz, Capt. B. F. Buzard, Capt. Robert C. Bradshaw, Capt. Joseph Thompson, Lieut. Litt R. Lancaster and Lieut. Augustus Salzman. In 1862 the regi- ment was sent to General Grant at Pittsburg Landing and was bri- gaded in McKean's brigade, Prentiss' division. It participated in the battle of Shiloh, losing very heavily in killed and wounded, among the former Colonel Peabody and Major Powell. Chester Harding, Jr., was appointed colonel. In the advance upon Corinth the regi- ment was constantly on picket duty or engaged in the construction of earthworks. During the summer of 1862 the regiment constructed a chain of forts south and west of Corinth. It was ordered to Mis- souri in 1862, for the purpose of recruiting, but on its arrival at St. Louis was sent to Pilot Knob, Mo. Subsequently it was assigned to General Patterson and became a part of the Army of South- east Missouri. Upon returning to Iron Mountain in 1863, it was ordered to St. Joseph and actively employed in clearing the district of Northwest Missouri from bushwhackers until June, when it was 2o8 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH sent to New Madrid, where it reconstructed the fortifications and constituted the garrison of the post. In November, of 1863, it was consolidated with the Engineer Regiment of the West. Under Governor Gamble's call for 42,000 volunteers for six months' service, August 24, 1861, William M. Albin directed the formation of three companies of infantry at St. Joseph. These were mustered into service on September 19, 1861, as the First Battalion, under Major Albin, and assigned to guard duty and scouting in Gentry, Worth, Andrew, Buchanan and De Kalb counties; also at- tached to General Prentiss' river expedition. The battalion was never in any general engagement, but had many skirmishes with the enemy, killing a number and taking over 200 prisoners. The offi- cers were: William M. Albin, major; John M. Sullivan, adjutant; Thomas Evans, commissary. Company A had forty-eight men. James Stockton was captain, Philip Huggins first lieutenant and Alex R. Stockton second lieutenant. Company B had fifty-four men, un- der Capt. Horace Hunter, with Jackson Dye and Isaac Phillips as lieutenants. Company C had forty-three men, under Capt. Henry B. Rust, with Edwin N. Storms and John Ray as lieutenants. Joseph's battalion of six months' militia was also organized in St. Joseph in September of 1861. It was commonly known as the "Third" and was also engaged in scout duty. It was mustered out February 11, 1862. Peter A. Joseph was major, R. B. Linville ad- jutant, George W. H. Landon surgeon, WilHs M. Sherwood quar- termaster and Samuel Rosenblatt commissary. There were four companies. Capt. John Pinger commanded Company A, sixty-four men, with John Watson and Henry Kelling as heutenants. Com- pany B, Capt. William Drumhiller and Lieuts. Elezier S. Castle and Aaron Widdle, had eighty-four men. Company C, sixty-four men, was under Alex McLarer and Frederick Downey. Company D, fifty-four men, was under Capt. D. H. David and Lieuts. Christian Cook and Thurston Chase. The Fourth Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, was organized in St. Joseph, April 28, 1862, with eight companies, and two companies were afterwards added. George H. Hall commanded as col- onel, WilHam M. Albin as lieutenant-colonel, George W. Kelly as senior major, Douglas Dale as junior major and Lieuts. Joseph K. Robinson and David Bonham, Jr., as battalion adjutants. In 1863 Lieutenant-Colonel Albin was succeeded by Lieut.-Col. Walter King. The regiment did service in Southwest Missouri and was attached to General Brown's brigade, taking part in the battles of Springfield, BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 209 Marshal, Huntsville, Ark., and in many skirmishes. Colonel Hall was made brigadier-general. The regiment remained in service until 865. The Fifth Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia, was also Organized in April of 1862. There were ten companies. The regi- nental organization was as follows : William R. Penick, colonel ; Phil- lip A. Thompson, Heutenant-colonel ; William Drumhiller and Thos. B, Biggers, majors; Lyman W. Densmore, adjutant; Josiah C. Spring, commissary; Joel H. Warren, Henry Douglass and Henry Fiiasse, surgeons; Joseph H. Hopkins, chaplain. The companies wei;-e officered, during the life of the regiment, as follows : A, William Dramhiller, captain, promoted to major; John G. Woods and David E. Shannon, captains, successively; Morgan Jerman, Charles W. Leach, William Castle and Washington Bennett, lieutenants. B, Daniel H. David, captain; Benjamin T. Henry and William H. Bix- by, lieutenants. C, Joseph H. Richards, captain ; Don Alfonso Col- vin and John W. Enoch, Heutenants. D, George W. Fitzpatrick and John S. Minick, captains ; Henry S. Hill and George W. Fairbrother, lieutenants. E, George Wakerle, captain; Nicholas Schlupp and Herman Springer, lieutenants. F, John B. Van Zant, captain; Ed- ward N. Roberts and Theron W. Crandall, lieutenants. G, Robert G. Hubbard, captain; William F. Miller, Henry Ogle, Joseph Pen- ney and John B. Magers, lieutenants. H, John Pinger, captain; Pe- ter Lanenger and George Weber, lieutenants. I, William McCarthy and Luther Tillotson, captains; John W. Coughlin, Peter Simpson, Thomas Wilson, lieutenants. K, J. D. M. Thompson, captain; Fred- erick Dony, George D. Tolle, L. Densmore and William Fowler, lieutenants. Lieutenant Densmore was made adjutant and Lieuten- ant Fowler quartermaster. This regiment was employed in fighting the bushwhackers and guerrillas in Northwest Missouri. ' In July of 1862 the regiment was ordered broken up and the companies at- tached to the First and Ninth Cavalry regiment of the Missouri State Militia. In 1862 Buchanan and Platte counties formed the Seventh Mili- tary District of Missouri, and three independent companies were or- ganized for duty at home. One of these, commanded by Capt. Will- iam Randall, with Benjamin F. Larkin and Jonas D. Butts as lieu- tenants, was organized August 9, 1862. Another, commanded by Capt. G. E. Landry, with Henry Harding and William Backer as lieu- tenants, was organized August 21, 1862. These were afterwards merged into the militia. A third company organized among rail- road employes for the protection of railroad property was officered by 2IO BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH John S. Kellogg as captain and John Broder and Horatio N. Turner as lieutenants. The Twenty-fifth Regiment of Enrolled Missouri Militia was or- ganized in St. Joseph, in July, of 1862, with John Severance as co- onel, Thomas Harbinue as lieutenant-colonel, Peter Walter an3 John T. Ross as majors, Gustave H. Koch as adjutant, C. W. Davr- enport as quartermaster, Alfred H-. Starr as surgeon and Rev. A. H. Wright as chaplain. Colonel Severance resigned April 22, 1863, and was succeeded by Col. John Scott, who was transferred to the Eighty- first Regiment shortly afterwards, and was succeeded by Col. Thomas Harbine. James Hunter commanded Company A, with Thomas Young and Ed Freeman as lieutenants. John R. Snyder commanded Company B, with James S. Barnes and E. E. Cramer as lieutenants. James Brierly commanded C, with Peter Davis and William Sim- mons as lieutenants. Louis Hax commanded D, with John Kieffer and Fred Riesenmy as lieutenants. Charles Mast commanded E, with Charles F. Ernst and Phillip Arnholdt as lieutenants. Jonathan M. Bassett commanded F, with John A. Dolman and G. W. Davenport as lieutenants. He was succeeded by Captain Dolman, with Robert S. Gunn and Henry T. Gore as lieutenants. G was commanded by Capt. George Lyon, with William C. Tpole and R. J. S. Wise as lieutenants. H was commanded by William Loving, with Joseph S. Browne, J. T. Ross and Anthony Volls as lieutenants. I was com- manded by Ephraim Perry, with Peter A. Jones and Hamilton Wilson as lieutenants. K was commanded by James H. Davis, with Francis. M. Hall, William S. Tyler and H. B. Goss as Heutenants. There were also three battalion companies, one under Capt. O. G. McDonald, another under Capt. Elias Parrott and a third under Capt. G. M. Brown. This regiment was stationed in Buchanan County. In con- sequence of an extraordinary reduction in numbers, the regiment was disbanded November i, 1863, and the commissions of the officers re- voked, with the exception of those in charge of companies F and K. Colonel Scott was instructed by the same order to reorganize the militia of Buchanan County, which had become demoralized. He organized the Eighty-first regiment of Enrolled Missouri Militia, and used companies F and K as the nucleus. This regiment formed a component part of what was called the "Paw-Paw Brigade." The border was overrun with outlaws of all sorts — bushwhack- ers. Southern recruiting officers, thieves and robbers, without regard > \\ BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 211 ito politics. In addition to local troubles of that sort, great excite- Iment prevailed in Kansas on account of the Lawrence massacre, and in invasion of Missouri was threatened by Jim Lane and Jennison's "Red-Legs." The militia service hereabouts was in a very demoral- feed condition, and the protection of life and' property was a serious problem. Feuds that had been engendered between the border resi- dents of Kansas and Missouri in 1854-57, were reopened or made pre- texts by marauders and freebooters. A number of citizens of the county had returned from Price's army and were, of course, classed as disloyal. They were, however, fully as anxious to protect life and property from the marauders as were the loyal men. It was proposed by Gen. Willard P Hall that all of these be organized into militia companies, and President Lincoln, who sanctioned the proposition, saw in it the possibility of keeping many from re-enlistment in the Confederate service. A knowledge of the conditions that existed at that time can be gathered from the testimony of Col. John F. Williams, who was in command of the district, with headquarters at St. Joseph, before a committee appointed by the legislature to investi- gate the militia. Colonel Williams testified as follows : "When I took command (in July of 1863) I found portions of the district in a lawless condition; mobs and riots were common in a number of counties in my district ; I found also that a number of the troops then in service in the district were disobedient, and rather mutinous ; were under no discipline or control. I urged upon the of- ficers to subject their men to the observance of the rules and articles of war; some succeeded, others failed. The condition of the troops was improving until Quantrell made his rail on Lawrence; that cre- ated great excitement in the country, both among the troops and citizens ; numbers of them openly declared they would not resist an invasion by General Lane, or anybody else, made in retaliation from Kansas. "Both before and after the Lawrence raid, raids from Leaven- worth city and other portions of the Kansas border were daily and nightly made into Missouri, the troops stationed at Weston failing or refusing to prevent them. Those raids were made by armed negroes, assisted by white outlaws, called 'Red-Legs;' they were not in the military service, with the exception, perhaps, of some negroes. Just after Lane's speech at Leavenworth city, immediately after the Law- rence massacre, an expedition was gotten up at Leavenworth city, of some magnitude, to invade Platte County, composed of 'Red-Legs,' outlaws, runaway negroes, etc. They took the ferryboat to start across. General Ewing telegraphed to the commander of the post at Fort Leavenworth to take the boat and prevent the raid, which he did. "When I took command in St. Joseph and the district there, there were refugees in the city from several counties in the district, having been ordered to leave the State, by a band calling themselves 'Mid- 212 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH night Rangers.' Their mode of operations was about this : They would leave a written notice, three or four matches enclosed in it, at a party's house, notifying him that if he did not leave in five days, with his whole family, he would be hanged and his house burned. Then some other members of the gang, who were on friendly terms with the victim, would call and condole with him, and advise him to stay. But the victim had already made up his mind to go, which they knew, and they would take advantage of his fear and buy his prop- erty at nominal figures. Thus a system of wholesale robbery was car- ried on. The reorganization of the militia, or the arming of the Paw- Paws, has entirely stopped this species of lawlessness. "When I first took command at St. Joseph countrymen who came in to trade were pulled off their horses, sometimes by soldiers and sometimes by citizens, and threatened with death if they ever came back. An old man from the country was knocked down by a soldier. The fact was reported to me and I had the soldier placed under arrest. The next day the old man came to me and begged that I do not compel him to testify against the soldier before the provost marshal, as he was afraid of being killed by the companions of the soldier. There were hundreds of such instances. * * * Most of the troops in the district are now concentrated on the border along the river to prevent raids into Missouri from the thieves and outlaws of Kansas, assisted by their friends in Missouri. * * * j gent a squad of ten men over the river at St. Joseph to recover two mules stolen from a citizen of Buchanan County, having learned that they were secreted in a cornfield just back of Elwood. The squad recover- ed the mules, but were fired upon by citizens of Kansas on their re- turn to the river. At another time I ordered Major Garth of the Ninth Cavalry with forty-two men across the river to recapture some horses, guns and money that were stolen from Judge Woodson and another citizen of Buchanan County. The military and civil authori- ties of Kansas drew up their forces — some hundred and fifty strong, composed of negroes and whites together — in line of battle, and re- sisted the crossing of my men. I then sent the major across with one man; he had a conference with the commander of the post at Elwood, who promised to recapture the property, but who failed to do so. These raids were frequent." The Eighty-first Regiment was organized by Col. John Scott and there were many remonstrances to the arming of men who were known or suspected to have been at one time in sympathy with the South. Col. William R. Penick, who was an intense and uncom- promising Unionist, in his statement to the legislative committee, said of a portion of the Paw-Paws : "The two companies I saw were notoriously disloyal. Thev were in our city last election to guard the polls. I placed myself in a position to look every man in the face as they marched up the street. These were the first Secessionists I ever saw carrying arms under the authority of the government, and I gave them a close in- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 213 spection. I am almost confident that there was not a loyal man in either company. I saw men who had belonged to Price's army — some were there in the rebel ranks at Lexington and Blue Mills who never joined the army. Some who have assisted in raising rebel ilags. Some who had often cheered for Jeff Davis. Some who had acted as recruiting officers for Price's army, but who were too old to go themselves. Nearly all of them are notoriously disloyal and are enrolled as sympathizers on the provost marshal's book." This, of course, was an extreme view, particularly so in the light of what the late Judge Henry M. Vories said to the committee, among other things being the following : "Those called Paw-Paws, in my part of the State, have behaved themselves very well ; in fact, exceedingly well — as far as I either know or have been informed, and the county has been more quiet and seemed to be more secure since about the time of their organization. But I do not attribute this change for the better so much to the change of the militia organization as to the fact that an election took place about the same time as theit organization. My judgment is that a great deal of the trouble we had in our county last summer was caused by the excitement produced by politicians who were running •for office, who were haranguing the soldiers and others, by which they were kept in a constant state of excitement, and that of these ex- citements quarrels arose, and that persons were embittered against each other so as to induce them to commit lawless acts. I think that after the election these acts of violence would, in a great measure, have ceased without any change of the militia. Yet I think that the late militia called the Paw-Paws have exerted themselves to keep the peace of the county. I think they have been anxious to make a good character, knowing that they were charged with disloyalty; at least, they have done well, and we have during this winter had more peace and quiet than we have had since the rebelHon." It is not the purpose of this history to sit in judgment upon the merits or demerits of the militia system, but as there is little known of the "Paw-Paws" it is thought pr9per to present the matter as gath- ered from official sources. The organization of the Eighty-first was as follows : John Scott, colonel; Charles West, adjutant. Company A, George J. Lucas, captain ; D. L. Irvine, first lieutenant ; Thomas L. Crumpacker, second lieutenant. B, F. J. Stratton, captain; W. L. Hyatt, first lieutenant; T. J. Bracken, second lieutenant. C, Jacob B. Cox, captain; Cornelius Day, first lieutenant ; Robert B. Thomas, second lieutenant; D, Milton M. Clagget, captain; Jacob T. Child, first lieutenant ; Thomas C. Roberts, second lieutenant. E, Harrison W. Davis, captain ; James Dye, first lieutenant ; Joseph H. Dicken. second lieutenant. F, John A. Dolman, captam; Robert S. Gunn, first lieutenant ; Henry T. Gore, second lieutenant. G, Anthony Gra- ble, captain; Daniel A. Meadows, first lieutenant; John T. Ferrill, 214 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH second lieutenant. H, John W. Smith, captain ; William A. Corne- lius, first lieutenant ; Thomas L. Blakely, second lieutenant. I, Miller Woodson, captain ; Urial Griffen, first lieutenant ; Jacob Schultz, sec- ond lieutenant. K, James H. Davis, captain; Wililam S. Tyler, first lieutenant; H. B. Goss, second lieutenant. L, James Noland, cap- tain ; B. F. Catlett, first heutenant ; D. C. Hart, second lieutenant. M, Milton R. Singleton, captain ; John L. Stanton, first lieutenant ; Isaac Hays, second lieutenant. The Forty-third Infantry, Missouri Volunteers, was organized in St. Joseph in June of 1864, with Chester Harding as colonel, John Finger as lieutenant-colonel, B. K. Davis as major, Joseph Thomp- son as adjutant, Francis Rodman as quartermaster and J. Q. Eggle- ston and E. W. Dill as surgeons. The regiment was on duty in thi^ State during its term of service. Six companies participated in the battle of Glasgow, October 15, 1864. In the spring of 1865 the whole regiment was assigned to the district of Central Missouri and was actively engaged keeping down bushwhackers, so long as its services were needed. The regiment was mustered out June 30, 1865, at Ben- ton Barracks. The companies were organized as follows : A, Cap- tain, Andrew Dusold; lieutenants, Augustus Saltzman and Horace Sayre. B, captain, John B. Edwards; lieutenants, Henderson Ed- wards and John P. Herren. C, George M. Brown, captain; A. M. Chesmore and A. J. Culberson, lieutenants. D, Henry W. Ogle, cap- tain ; Walter C. Gantt, Richard Buis and Charles S. Pickett, lieuten- ants. E, Simeon Sutton, captain; William Caneday and Daniel Boyce, lieutenants. F, WilHam F. FHnt, captain; John W. Johnson and Thomas Flint, lieutenants. G, Oscar Kirkham, captain ; Eben- ezer Wickham and Griffith Davidson, lieutenants. H, Marcus Mor- ton, captain ; W. J. Porter and Elijah Brunck, Heutetiants. I, George Walser, first captain; Robert B. Stockton, second raptain; John S. Morgan and Austin F. Tiffany, Heutenants. K, Peiry A. Wright, captain ; Andrew J. Wray and Martin V. Baker, lieutenants. In July, of 1864, the Eighty-seventh Regiment of Enrolled Mis- souri Mihtia was organized in St. Joseph. This was a home guard regiment and was mustered out in March of 1865. Thomas Harbine had been elected colonel, but declined. Robert C. Bradshaw was then elected and served until October. James W. Strong was pro- moted from lieutenant-colonel and O. G. McDonald was made lieu- tenant-colonel. The following were staff officers during the Hfe of the regiment : William Drumhiller and Robert F. Maxwell, majors ; BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 215 Joseph Thompson' and W. W. Bernard, adjutants ; Joseph Schmitz and John B. Harder, quartermasters; Dr. John T. Berghoff, surgeon. Company A was Captain Kellogg's railroad guards, reorganized un- der Capt. Joseph Truex. Company B had been Captain Landry's detached company, now under Capt. John A. Dohnan, and when Captain Dolman was commissioned as aide-de-camp to General Hall he was succeeded by Robert S. Gunn, who had been first lieu- tenant. Other lieutenants were H. R. W. Hartwig, Henry T. Gore and H. H. Goodheart. C was captained at first by Hamilton S. Wil- son, who was killed by bushwhackers and succeeded by Irvin Fish. These were lieutenants at various times : Francis Goodby, Irvin Fish, Amos K. Jones and Oscar Kirkham. D was captained by James C. Karnes, with Washington Bennett, E. Shootner and John S. Smith as lieutenants. E was led by Capt. John Snyder, with Joseph Mathew and Thomas D. Ridge as Heutenants. F ^as under Capt. Louis Hax, with John Kieffer, Christian Mast, Ulrich Schneider and Louis Fuel- ling as lieutenants at various times. G was first captained by James W. Strong, then by Robert Maxwell, both of whom were sent to the head of the regiment, and last by David Finger, whose lieutenants were Anson Whitney and Elisha Foote. H was officered by Peter A. Jones, captain, and Henry F. Goss and Wiley H. Chapman as lieu- tenants. This company was consoHdated with C m October, 1864. I was organized by Capt. O. G. McDonald, who was afterwards lieuten- ant-colonel. The next captain was William H. Lifers, whose lieuten- ants were Charles C. Vance, George W. Howard and A. J. Culber- son. K. was organized by Capt. George M. Brown, who was shortly afterwards transferred to the Forty-third Infantry. He .was suc- ceeded by Edward L. Titcomb, whose lieutenant was George Schuck- man. The Forty-fourth Infantry Missouri Volunteers, was recruited in St. Joseph by Col. Robert C. Bradshaw and Lieut.-Col. A. J. Barr, in the month of August, 1864, and shipped on cars to Rolla. In No- vember it arrived at Paducah, Ky., and was placed on active duty, though yet in a very raw condition. In the battle of Franklin Colonel Bradshaw was pierced by seven bullets, but not killed. Lieutenants Dunlap, Warren and Kirgan and thirty-five privates were killed in the first charge of the enemy, but the regiment held its position. The regiment fought continuously for three days and nights from Novem- ber 29th, and during the last two days lost 300 men and officers. On the 15th of December, 1864, says Lieutenant-Colonel Barr, in his re- port, "we were ordered to take a position on the right of Charlotte Pike and engaged the enemy, participated in the battle on the 15th, 2i6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH i6th and 17th insts., and then followed in the pursuit of Hood's de- morahzed army. On the 27th we reached Columbia, where we first met the enemy. On the 28th we reached Pulaski, with two-thirds of the command barefooted. In this condition the regiment was com- pelled to march on the ice and snow to Clifton, sixty miles, where we arrived on the 23d of January, 1865 — men worn out and feet terribly mangled." The regiment also participated in the siege of Spanish Fort, Alabama, and went from there to Vicksburg and thence to St. Louis, where it was mustered out on August 15th, 1865, after having traveled 5,703 miles, of which 743 was on foot, and after having been for one-third of its term of service under fire and in the midst of the carnage of battle. The regiment was organized as follows : Robert C. Bradshaw, colonel; A. J. Barr, lieutenant-colonel; Roger A. De Bolt, major; Wm. Drumhiller, adjutant; J. M. Hoskinson, quartermaster; Henry Schoenich, Levi A. Wilson and Isaac Schatz, surgeons. Hanson W. Ware succeeded Captain Drumhiller as adjutant. The various companies were officered as follows during the life of the regiment : "A," John C. Reid, captain ; James A. Trussell, Wm. D. Schooler, Francis Audsley, lieutenants. "B," Wm. Drumhiller, captain; John McKissock and Miles Bristow, lieutenants. "C," Frank G. Hopkins, captain; Wm. M. Goodson and Thomas J. Twi- dell, lieutenants. "D," Wm. B. Rogers, captain; Robert Pixler, Aaron Mcintosh and George H. Combs, lieutenants, "E," Ephraim Webb, captain ; James S. Dunlap and J. C. Webb, lieutenants. "F," Isaac M. Henry, captain; James M. Steele, W. C. Halstead, Benjamin Kirgan, lieutenants. "G," A. L. Bowen, captain; John Desha and Washington Bennett, lieutenants. "H," Wm. D. Fortune, captain; J. D. McBride, John H. Williams and J. D. Snyder, lieutenants. "T,'' A. Muck, captain; A. F. Higgins, Dennis Adams and D. W. Mc- Donald, lieutenants. "K," N. A. Winters, captain; James Overman and Samuel Worner, lieutenants. Under Governor Fletcher three regiments of milita were organ- ized in October of 1865— the Second, Third and Fourth Regiments of Missouri Militia. Col. Wm. R. Penick commanded the Second regiment. He was appointed brigadier-general and placed in com- mand of this district. Robert Gunn was lieutenant-colonel; H. R. W. Hartwig, major; Dr. Wm. Bertram, Dr. John S. Logan and Dr. Harvey Bradley, surgeons. W. W. Bernard was captain of Com- pany "A" and Henry Gore of Company "B." David Pinger was cap- tain of Company "C," with A. Y. Whiting and EHsha Foote, Jr., as lieutenants. Company "D" was commanded by Captain Greenfield BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 217 H. Davis, who had Isaac Wilkins and Thomas Early for his lieuten- ants. Company "E" was commanded by Joseph Andriano and Com- pany "F" by Wm. L. Chadwick, with L. L. Landon and George Hil- debrand as lieutenants. Company "G" was under Captain Joseph S. Browne, with George Buell and Wm. B. French as lieutenants. Company "H" was under Captain Phillip Arnholdt, with Theodore Kroll and A. Burgmeister as lieutenants. Company "J" was com- manded by M. Gordon Ruby, with Wm. M. Clark and John Stuppy as lieutenants. Colonel Cyrus J. Missemer commanded the Third regiment. Wm. Randall was lieutenant-colonel, James M. Witt adjutant and James F. Bruner and G. M. Loomis surgeons. Company "A" was commanded by Irvin Fish; Company "B," by James G. Karnes, with Elvin A. Guinn as lieutenant; Company "C," by C. E. Cum- mings ; Company "D,'' by C. F. Schoeneck, with Benjamin F. Boyer and Wm. H. Boyer as Heutenants; Company "F," by N. R. Wake- field, with Henry Myers and L. J. Smith as lieutenants ; Company "G," by W. H. Slaybaugh, with J. S. Blankenship and B. F. Misse- mer as lieutenants. The Fourth regiment had but five companies. It was com- manded by Major Joseph Thompson. Company "A" was com- manded by R. J. S. Wise, with Thos. H. Ritchie and Fred Amerine as lieutenants. Company "B" was commanded by Simeon Bell. Company "C" was under Captain Augustus Salzman, with Theodore F. Gross and Charles Frederick as lieutenants. Company "D" was commanded by Wm. Drumhiller, with D. M. Stillians as lieutenant, and B. F. Larkin was captain of Company "E," with William Arthur as lieutenant. These regiments did service in enforcing order at the polls during the turbulent political times that followed the war. The test oath was particularly obnoxious, even to many who had been loyal, and politicians were not slow to grasp the advantages it afforded. The oath was as follows : "I. do on oath declare that I have not during th(^ present rebel- lion wilfully taken up arms or levied war against the United States nor against the provisional government of the state of Missouri, nor have wilfully adhered to the enemies of either, domestic or foreign, by giving them aid and comfort, but have always in good faith op- posed the same ; and, further, that I will support, protect and defend the constitution of the United States and of the state of Missouri against all enemies and opposers, whether foreign or domestic, any ordinance, order or resolution of any state convention or legislature, 2i8 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH or of any order or organization, secret or otherwise, to the contrary notwithstanding, and that I do this with an honest purpose, pledge and determination faithfully to perform the same without any mental reservation or evasion whatsoever, so help me God." This oath was proscriptive to many, and there was much bitter- ness. There were those who had been in the service of the South, but who had surrendered and become loyal, those who had honestly sympathized with the lost cause, and those who had taken advantage of General Order No. 24 to escape service in the militia. Under this order any one who declared that he sympathized with the South was exempt from military duty. When it came to voting after the war this declaration was held against them. The supreme court of the United States set aside that part of the test oath which disfranchised so many men. However, the ruling politicians in Missouri did not give up so easily and the legislature, in 1868, passed a very stringent registration law. The governor was given power to appoint three registrars in each county and a superin- tendent for each senatorial district. These four officers were au- thorized to make a list of all the loyal voters in the county. They were forbidden to enroll any person who would not take the oath of loyalty, and besides were given the power to refuse to enroll any others than those they chose. No one was allowed to vote whose name was not enrolled by these registrars. This law, perhaps, dis- franchised more voters than the original test oath. It opened anew the sore places that had begun to heal, and there are many instances where men have not forgiven each other yet, politically speaking, for the trespasses committeed under the license of this law. There was more or less turbulence until the constitution was amended in 1870 and these objectionable features eliminated. Following the dissolution of the Missouri Militia, interest in mili- tary matters waned until 1880. Meanwhile, however, there had ex- isted during the Centennial year a company organized by Capt. Aug. Saltzman, called ''Continental Rifles." They were dressed as Conti- nental soldiers, in knee-breeches, etc., and wore wigs. In 1880 two battalions, one commanded by Major Joseph A. Hansen and the other by Major Condon. In 1882 the Fourth regiment, National Guard of Missouri, was organized, with Joseph Hansen as colonel, Joseph A. Corby as lieutenant-colonel, Augustus Saltzman as major, Capt. Charles F. Ernst as adjutant, Capt. John Wilson as quarter- master, Dr. Thos. H. Doyle as surgeon and Dr. J, A. French as BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 219 assistant surgeon. Company A was commanded by Capt. Wm. Os- born, Company B by Capt. John Donovan, Company C by Capt. Dowe, Company D by Capt. Wm. Muehleisen and Company E by Capt. Hazlet. Companies F and G were located at Brookfield. Companies A, B and C were known as "Saxton Rifles" and Capt. Muehleisen's company as "Turner Rifles," being made up mostly of members of the Turnverein. These companies were uniformed ac- cording to taste, the state providing arms only. After an existence of several years the companies disbanded. Subsequently there was little interest in militia matters until Oc- tober, 1 890, when Capt. Max Manheim organized the St. Joseph Light Guards. April 2, 1891, the Fourth regimenlt was reorganized, with Col. Arbuthnot of Brookfield as commanding officer and Capt. Man- heim as lieutenant-colonel. A brigade encampment was held in Au- gust of that year at Lake Contrary. Subsequently Capt. Clay C. MacDonald organized Company "K," known as the "Wickham Rifles." The name was afterwards changed to "MacDonald Rifles." Company "F" existed until 1895 under various captains and was dis- banded. Captain Manheim organized Company "C" in December, 1897. When President McKinley called for volunteers to fight Spain ,in April, 1898, the Fourth regiment, of which Joseph A. Corby was now colonel, responded promptly, and two additional companies were at once formed in St. Joseph — "J," by Capt. Charles F. Keller and "G," by Capt. Jacob S. Casey. These companies left for Jefferson Bar- racks May 9th and loth, 1898, and were mustered into the United States volunteer service. From Jefferson Barracks the Fourth regi- ment went to Falls Church, Va., into Camp Alger; from there into Camp Meade, at Middletown, Pa., and from there to Greenville, S. C, the present quarters. The regiment did not see service during the war. Each company left St. Joseph with eighty-four enlisted men. Under the second call for volunteers the companies were recruited up to their full strength of 106 enlisted men. Captain MacDonald wa.-5 advanced to major and Lieut. Niel T. Sommer was promoted to the command of Company "K." St. Joseph was represented in the Fourth regiment as follows : Colonel, Joseph A. Corby ; majors, Wm. E. Stringfellow, Wilson S. Hendricks and Clay C. MacDonald; adjutant, George L. Rollins; assistant surgeon, Wm. L. Whittington. Company ''K" was organ- ized as follows: Niel T. Sommer, captain; Charles E. Foster, first lieutenant; John E. O'Donnell, second Heutenant. Company "C" 220 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH was organized as follows : Max Manheim, captain ; Frank R. Hinds, first lieutenant ; Atel H. Knutson, second lieutenant. Company"!:" Charles F. Keller, captain; Wm. H. Cocke, first lieutenant; Victor C. Sommer, second lieutenant. Company "G" : Jacob S. Casey, cap- tain ; John B. McNeeley, first lieutenant; Mortimer P. Waldron, sec- ond lieutenant. Major Hendricks resigned at Camp Alger and Cap- tain Manheim at Greenville. CHAPTER XX. THE DAYS OF THE STEAMBOAT.— ST. JOSEPH AS THE BUSINESS CENTER AND DISTRIBUTING POINT OF RIVER TRAFFIC— A LIST OF THE BOATS THAT CAME TO ST. JOSEPH AND WHAT BECAME OF THEM.— BOATS THAT WERE OWNED AND OPER- ATED BY ST. JOSEPH PEOPLE.— MOUNTAIN TRAF- FIC AND OTHER VENTURES.— BOATS THAT WERE SUNK IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD.— THE RIVER AND ITS PECULIARITIES. In early days a great fleet of steamboats "plowed the turbid cur- rent" of the Missouri, bringing settlers and suppHes for this vast virgin territory. During the '40s, 'sos, and half of the '60s the river was dotted with many boats. Beyond Main street were numer- ous large warehouses required for the immense river traffic. They were all washed away later by encroachment. Hemp, hemp rope, hides, tallow, furs, whisky and tobacco were the principal products shipped down the river. St. Joseph was the business center for the whole river district, and from here supplies were sent all over the Western mountains and plains. Here, too, most of the California pioneers of 1849, 1850, and 185 1 were supplied with outfits for the long journey to the Pacific. At times there would be as many as twenty steamboats at the wharves in one day. The city charged a wharfage of $5 for each boat, and the wharfmaster was an important personage in our early city government. Many "mackinaw" boats woxxld arrive about June of each year, loaded down with furs, mostly belonging to Joseph Robidoux. The cargoes would be reshipped here on steamboats if the terms were favorable, but if Uncle Joe thought the steamboat men were trying to "work" him, he would continue the trip to St. Louis with his mackinaws. Frequently these boats would be lost in passage. St. Joseph was practically the head of navigation, but in the early days a few boats would go up to the mountains each year, loaded with sup- 222 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH plies and trinkets for the traders, consuming a whole season on the trip. When the railroads were built there was little business left for steamboats, and they dropped out one by one, seeking other fields, until now they are a curiosity on this river. Among the business men in the early days were Donnell & Sax- ton, Boyd & Moss, Tootles & Smith, Wm. Fairleigh, Powell & Levy, John Corby, Christopher Carbry, Ray & Sommerville, T. A. Fowler, Middleton & Riley, the Berry brothers, Edward Ray, Joseph Hull, John and Isaac Curd, William Riddle, D. & T. D. S. McDonald, and others. When the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad was completed, lines of packet boats were established between St. Joseph and Kansas City, and from here to Omaha. They were all good boats and made rapid trips. Citizens of St. Joseph and the county built and owned a number of the best boats on the river. Among them were Capt. Tom Brierly, Capt. Kercheval, and Capt. John E. Barrow. Among these boats were the El Paso, Polar Star, Fred Kennett, Morning Star, Ben Lewis, Silver Heels, Omaha, and Hesperian. The earliest boats, as "the oldest inhabitant" now remembers, were mostly propelled by a single engine and were quite slow. Noise from the escape steam pipes could be heard a day before the craft came in sight. Among this class of boats were the John Golong, Boreas, Archer, Highland Mary, Nimrod (Captain Dennis), Only Chance, Last Chance, Algomar, Saluda, Zephyr, St. Ange (Capt. Tom Scott),' Whirlwind, and Anthony Wayne. During the '50s there was much improvement in the boats plying on the river. The El Paso, Capt. Tom Brierly's first boat, was quite fast for those days. The Saluda was another. Her boilers exploded at Sibley Landing and many people were scalded. Wm. Taylor, of St. Joseph, was pilot. Those saved remained aboard , and the women were»ifraid of another explosion when there was not a boiler on the wreck. The pilot was badly scalded. The Kate Howard, Capt. Joe Nansom, was sunk near the mouth of the Osage River in 1859. The Geneva, Captain Throckmorton, was sunk near Nebraska City. The Saranak No. 3, brought the first locomotive to this city, for the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad in 1857. The Washington City made a few trips; was used as a hotel at Omaha; then bought by Capt. John Fisher of this city ; was in local grain and wood trade here for a time, and was taken to St. Louis. The Kansas was sunk near Ne- braska City in the '50s. The Arabia was sunk near Parkville in 1857. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 223 It is said she had several hundred barrels of whisky in her hold, and many efforts have been made to recover this and remaining cargo. The Pontiac, named for an Ottawa Indian chief, was sunk at Smith's Bar, three miles above Doniphan, Kan., about 1855. This boat is reported to have had 700 barrels of whisky on board, besides much other freight. Many attempts have been made to locate her wreck, but so far without success. She is buried in the sand nearly two miles from the present channel. There has been much argu- ment as to the present condition of the liquor on these boats. The Polar Star was built and owned by Capt. Tom Brierly, whose home was on a farm near this city. She was very fast, and made the run from St. Louis in two days and twenty hours. Across her fore- castle was a streamer inscribed, "Beat our time and take our horns — St. Louis to St. Joseph, 2 days and 20 hours." Prominent citizens here presented Captain Brierly with a fine pair of elk horns, mounted with silver, with an appropriate inscription. That evening the so- ciety people attended a swell ball on the boat in honor of the occasion. This boat was used as a flagship before the siege of Vicksburg in 1863 and was afterwards burned in the Tennessee River. The James H. Lucas was brought out and run by Capt. Andy Wineland, a very popular master. She beat the time of the Polar Star, making the run to this city in two days and twelve hours, the quickest time ever made. Andrew B. Symns, Atchison's wholesale grocer, was clerk on the Lucas. The Morning Star was later brought out by Captain Brierly to make a record for speed. The run from St. Louis was made in two days and twenty-one hours, two hours having been lost by trouble at Smith's Bar, near Doniphan. Captain Brierly's other boats were the Ferd Kennett, burned on Yazoo River, and the Ben Lewis. Among other steamers built and owned by citizens of this city were the Silver Heels, Captain Silvers; the Hesperian, Capt. Frank B. Kercheval, burned at Atchison about 1868, John B. Nicely, clerk; Omaha, Capt. Frank B. Kercheval ; the St. Joseph, Capt. Tom Scott, boilers exploded on the Lower Mississippi ; the Denver No. 2 (ferry), Captains Fleming and Blackiston, sunk by ice at Bismarck, N. D. ; the Elkhorn, Captains Fleming and Blackiston, used for a railway transfer before building of the bridge; the A. Saltzman, built at St. Joseph by Augustus Saltzman, sold to a cooperage firm in Arkansas. The D. A. January, Capt. Pat Yore, first brought a load of "bal- loon" houses to Sioux City, and then ran to this city for several years. John B. Weaver and Tom O. Duncan were clerks. She was con- verted into a hospital boat late in the war. The Colorado, Captain 224 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Waddell, was worn out on the Mississippi River ; the General Grant was sunk by ice near Belleview, Neb. ; the Fire Canoe, Capt. Matt Morrison, was sunk below Weston in 1859; the Viola Bell, J. H. Sully, and U. S. Mail were sunk at Rushville Landing by the same snag before the war; the Waverly was sunk near Keytesville, 1861. The Silver Bow burned near Miami in 1869; the J. H. Lacey, Capt. Wm. Bell, Wm. Blair, pilot, was sunk above the mouth of the Noda- way in 1868. Captain Bell is reported to have suicided at Chicago from despondency. The Dan Convers, Captain Cox, was sunk above Amazonia about 1857; the Watossa, Capt. Matt Morrison, St. Joseph and Omaha packet, was sunk above Amazonia about 1858; the J. H. Oglesby was sunk on the Lower Mississippi; the Joe Kinney was sunk by a collision with the Glasgow bridge about 1878; the Mon- tana, Captain Keith, Wm. Massey, pilot, was sunk by collision with St. Charles bri3ge about 1877; the Bright Light struck the Boon- ville bridge and was sunk in 1879 ! t-he Alice was sunk at the mouth of Fishing River in 1881 ; the Emily La Barge, Capt. Geo. Keith, struck the St. Charles bridge and was sunk in the '70s. The Twilight, Capt. Tom Scott, the first boat to arrive with a caliope, was sunk near Napoleon in the latter part of the war, and her hulk is now about a mile from the river. The wreck was recently located and the cargo is being .recovered. It consists of consign- ments for many Western points. The Matamora, Capt. Lewis Low- man, was sunk below Boonville about 1871 ; the Cataract was sunk during the war near New Haven, Mo. ; the Admiral, the Alex Majors and the Sioux City were burned at St. Louis about 1866 ; the Denver was burned at St. Joseph about 1867, and her hull was converted into a ferry; the Emilie was wrecked at St. Joseph about 1867; the Moun- taineer was blown against the St. Joseph bridge in a storm July 4, 1873, injuring the bridge and delaying traffic for some time; the Fontanelle was sunk at Bon Ton bend and was afterwards raised. The Spread Eagle, Capt. Ben Johnson, had painted on each side of the wheelhouse a large eagle, with the words "E Pluribus Unum." The "yahoos" along the river bothered the captain not a little by ask- ing him, "What them words meant." He told them the translation was, "Every tub stands on its own bottom." The following is a further list of boats that came to St. Joseph and their fate : The John L. Roach was sunk near Frankfort, Mo., in 1886; the Sallie West, sunk above latan about i860; the Cornelia, sunk by ice above St. Louis in the '60s; the McDowell and the Columbia, burned on the Missouri River ; the Portsmouth was sunk below Weston about 1861 ; the Ebenezer (ferry), built by Captain BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 225 Blackiston, converted into a gunboat, 1862; the Alonzo Child, Capt. Joe Holland, converted into the Confederate gunboat "Arkansas" and captured by the United States fleet on Lower Mississippi in 1863 ; the A. B. Chambers, Captain Bowman, sunk above Atchison iniSsg; the A. C. Bacon, sunk in Missouri River; the E. A. Ogden, sunk near Claysville, Mo., in i860; the Sunset, sunk near Omaha in 1867; the Louisville, sunk above Omaha in 1864; the Ontario, sunk near Ne- braska City in 1865. The C. W. Sumbard sunk at the mouth of the Saline River in 1859, and her remains are now below the surface of a large farm, covered by the sand. Besides a cargo of merchandise, she had a large sum of gold and silver money on board which was never recov- ered. The Cora, Capt. Tobe Weaver, was sunk above Omaha in 1865 ; the Colossal, Captain Hickman, was burned at Carondelet ; the Pocahontas sunk above Sioux City in the '60; the J. B. McPher- son (government boat) sunk near Sioux City in 1897; the St. Mary, Captain Campbell, sunk in Upper River in 1858; the John B. Eaton sunk above St. Charles in the "big eddy" during the war ; the T. L. McGill burned at Memphis; the Martha Stephens, Capt. Henry Mc- Pherson, capsized and sunk near Boonville in 1881 ; the Matamora sunk at Kinney bend in 1873 > the Gold Dust, Captain Gould, blew up on the Lower Mississippi in 1875. The steamer Stonewall, Capt. Tom Scott, was burned fifty miles below St. Louis about 1869 and many of her crew and passengers lost their lives, including the captain. When the fire was discovered the pilot held her for the shore, but an obstruction prevented. Most of those not burned were drowned, the river being full of floating ice. Capt. John Lynds, of White Cloud, Kan., an engineer, was one of the few survivors. Captain Scott was a brother-in-law of Thomas O. Duncan of St. Joseph. The David R. Powell was also burned on the Mississippi in 1887; the Peerless No. 2 (towboat) was sunk near St. Charles in 1879 ; the Tymour No. 2 blew up at Jefferson City in 1852 ; the Bertha struck a St. Joseph bridge pier and sank in 1872 ; the Flor- ence, Captain Throckmorton, sunk near Sumner, Kan., in 1864; the Island City sunk at the mouth of the Yellowstone River; the M.ollie Abel sunk near Rock Port. The Keystone, during high water, in i8S4,started up Kansas River for Fort Riley. The water was over some of the bottoms and the boat strayed from the channel and got aground. The water sub- sided leaving her high and dry on the prairie. Later the Indians set fire to the grass and the boat was burned. The Sully was sunk above 226 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH St. Charles in 1882 and the MolHe Dozier and Spangler were sunk at Berry's Landing in 1865. The Thomas Stephens, a mountain boat, was worn out and wrecked ; the James Watson was taken South in 1879; the Aggie, Capt. Perren Kay, was wrecked at Kansas City in 1878 ; the Bartram, a mountain boat, was sunk above Omaha in 1864 ; the Meffew was sunk during the war ; the Ida Reese, a mountain boat, was sunk by ice at Yankton in the 70s ; the Amaranth was sunk at Smith's bar in 1868. The Golden State, Captain Gonzales, burned at St. Louis wharf about 1857. Col. Wm. M. Shepherd came up the river on this boat in 1855. The Keystone State was burned at St. Joseph in 1849; the Daniel Boone, too large for this river, left it after making one trip ; the Nymph blew up at Nemaha bar, was repaired and sank at Sibley ; I'^e Ned Tracy was used as a hospital boat in the war; the Peoria, ' .ipt. Dan Silvers, was burned on the Mississippi River; the Octavia, V, aptain La Barge, was sold to the government and was wrecked ; the Sutton was sunk in the Missouri River ; the Paul Jones was sunk be- low Lidependence Landing ; the Lacon, Capt, John Lynds, was sunk near Arago, Neb., about 1883 ; the Missouri blew up near Evansville in 1866. The Red Cloud, Capt. Ben Howard, was sunk at the mouth of ;\Iilk River in 1868 ; the Council Bluffs, Capt. Sam Lewis, went South in 1859; the West Wind was burned at Glascow by the Confederates during the war ; the Platte Valley, Captain Throckmorton, was used as a government transport during the war ; the Bishop was sunk near Peru, Neb., about 1865, Andy Goff, the mate, and a few others, being drowned ; the Gem, Captain Beabout, was sunk near Nebraska City about 1868; the Fannie Barker, Captain Hall, was sunk below Leav- enworth in 1873 ; the New Sam Gaty was captured by Confederates at Sibley Landing about 1864; the General Brady was sunk near Her- mann ; the Amelia Poe was sunk near New Haven ; the Anthony Wayne was sunk near Blair, Neb. ; the General McNeil was sunk above St. Charles, and the John Baird was sunk below Waverly. The General Gaines, an old side-wheel steamer, brought here for a ferry by Captain Thompson, Louis Dillon and jthers, sank about 1857 at Elwood Point. It is said this boat ferried iver Missourians to vote at Wathena during the early troubles in I anjas. The Black- hawk was sunk below Weston ; the New St. ^ aul above Chamois ; the Robert Emmet near Portland; the D. A Crawford and John Aull near Arrow Rock ; the Princess on the Lower Mississippi ; the General Meade below St. Charles in 1892; the A. C. Bird, Captain Burris, above Lexington in 1879; the Nebraska City (ferry). Captain BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 227 Blackiston, was sunk above Amazonia in 1869 ; the Tidy Adula (ferry), Captain Blackiston, was sunk at Elwood Point in 1868; the Bellemont (ferry), Captain Walker, was sunk opposite Charles street in midriver in i86t ; the Eutaw, Captain Larzalere, built by John Corby for a ferry, failed to get license, was sold and taken away about 1852. Among the fleet of boats which plied between St. Joseph and the mountains, to Fort Benton and Yellowstone River, were the Wy- oming, Dakota, J. H. Peck, E. H. Durfee, Great Western, Silver Lake, Jennie Brown, Bighorn, Rucker, General Meade, Benton, Yel- lowstone, Bannock City, Colonel Parr, Hiram Wood, Antelope, Effie Dean. Perhaps all were sunk or worn out long ago. The Peerless was a popular and swift little packet during the SOS. The New Lucy was also a great favorite, and made extraordinarily fast time from St. Louis. Many other boats are recalled, some of which were first-class in every way: The Edinburg, Captain Blount; the Martha Jewett, Capt. "Dandy" Jewett; the Hiawatha, the Fannie Ogden, Capt. Joe La Barge; the Glasgow, the Wm. J. Lewis, the Fannie Lewis, the Post Boy, the Emigrant, Capt. Wm. Terrell ; the Sovereign, the Sul- tan, the Minnehaha, Captain Baker; the E. M. Ryland, Captain Blount ; the Mansfield (St. Joseph and Omaha packet) ; the White Cloud, the Robt. Campbell, Captain Fades; the War Eagle, the Jacob Sass, the Hensley, Captain Ford; the Star of the West, the Emma, the J. H. Dickey, the New Haven, the Mollie Moore, the F. X. Aubray, Capt. Ben Glinn ; the Lucy, the Golden Eagle, the Bunker Hill, the Tompkins, the Marcella, the Prairie Rose, the Caliope, the Welcome, the Kansas Valley, the Choteau, the Asa Wilgus, the Keo- kuk, the Prairie State, the Isabel, the Paragon, the Kate Kinney, the Tempest, the Monsoon, the J. H. Raymond, the Elvira, the South- wester, the Batchelor, the Colonel Grossman, Captain Cheever; the Evening Star, the Wm. Campbell, Capt. Tom Scott; the Montauk, the Diadem, the Meteor, the Hannibal, the Thos. E. Tutt, Captain Tutt; the D. A. Russell, the Ben Johnson, the John D. Perry, the David Tatum, the St. John, and the J. S. Springle. Notwithstanding the turbulent and "treacherous" character of the Missouri, with its rapid current, its eddies, sandbars and snags, there have been comparatively few lives lost in its navigation. Sink- ing or burning boats could easily find a landing place for those on board to escape to shore. The annual floods occur in April and June, and the highest water 228 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH known was in the years 1844 and 1881, when the stream covered the bottom lands from bluff to bluff, doing much damage in many places. It is a fact not generally known that a loaded steamboat will draw about two inches less water in the Missouri than in the Ohio River, on account of the former being heavier. Pilots and engineers, in the early times, were paid $200 to $350 per month. One season many boats came from the Ohio River to compete for the trade. In order to "head them off" the Missouri River men hired all the licensed pilots, paying them, for a time, $1,000 a month, work or play. One pilot contracted for a mountain trip, which was made in very quick time, and was veVy successful, and was paid $2,100. Mountain traffic was very profitable for some years, and the Twi- light paid for herself in one trip. Among old river men may be re- called the Blossoms, the Doziers, John E. Barrow, Joseph Holland, Frank Hernandez, Mordecai Withrow, Robt. Riley, the La Barges, Tobias Weaver, John B. Weaver, Andrew J. Symns, Albert Albert- son, John Lynds, Hunter Ben Jenkins and others. CHAPTER XXI. THE RAILROADS OF ST. JOSEPH.— EARLY STRUGGLES OF RAILROAD PROJECTORS AND BUILDERS.— THE HANNIBAL & ST. JOSEPH, THE K. €., ST. J. & C. B., THE ST. JOSEPH & GRAND ISLAND, THE ST. JOSEPH & TOPEKA, THE SANTA FE SYSTEM, THE ROCK ISLAND, THE ST. JOSEPH & DES MOINES, THE MIS- SOURI PACIFIC, THE CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN, THE UNION PACIFIC— THE BRIDGE.— THE UNION STATION.— TELEGRAPH LINES. Agitation for railroad connection with Mississippi River points began in St. Joseph as early as 1846. One of the most ardent advo- cates of the then new mode of transportation was the late Judge Birch of Clinton County, who was at that time stumping this district as a candidate for congress. His opponent, the late Willard P. Hall, was not favorable, and after he had left the campaign to its fate and entered Doniphan's regiment to fight Mexico, he issued a circular letter warning the people not to be tricked by such impracticable things as railroads. Judging from the enthusiasm and enterprise afterwards exhibited by this gentleman in the promotion and develop- ment of railroads, he atoned well for this error. As there was no railroad west of Ohio in those days he may be easily pardoned. Another enthusiast was Robert M. Stewart, then a lawyer at St. Joseph, who was afterwards governor of Missouri. He went actively to work, organized meetings, talked railroad, interested the people, and as a member of the state senate, aided by James Craig and Judge Gardenhire, who represented Buchanan County in the house, secured, in February of 1847, the passage of an act to incorporate the Hanni- bal & St. Joseph Railroad Company. The incorporators were Joseph Robidoux, John Corby and Rob- ert J. Boyd, of St. Joseph ; Samuel J. Harrison, Zachariah G. Draper and Erasmus M. Moffett, of Hannibal ; Alexander McMurtry, Shelby County ; George A. Shortridge and Thomas Sharp, Macon County ; Wesley Halliburton, Linn County ; John Graves, Livingston County ; Robert Wilson, Daviess County ; George W. Smith, Caldwell County. The capital stock was two million dollars. 230 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH A railroad convention was held at Chillicothe in June of 1847, at which resolutions were adopted, recommending the following as the best method to procure means for the construction of the Hanni- bal & St. Joseph road : "(i) To appoint a committee of three members to draft an address in the name of this convention, to the people of Western Missouri, setting forth the advantages to be derived from the contemplated railroad from St. Joseph to Hannibal; (2) To ap- point a committee of three, whose duty it shall be to petition the legis- lature of Missouri for such aid in the undertaking as can be afforded consistently with the rights of other sections of the state; (3) To appoint a committee of three to petition Congress for a donation of alternate sections of lands, within six miles on each side of said road, when located ; (4) To appoint a committee whose duty it shall be to superintend the publication and distribution of he proceediiigs of the convention, and the address to the people of Northern Missouri." There was considerable enthusiasm among the people as the result of this convention, but material aid came slowly. A few dollars were raised in St. Joseph for a preliminary survey and a surveying corps was organized, with Simeon Kemper and James O'Donoghue as engineers in charge. Six months after their departure . from St. Joseph they returned and reported having found a practicable route for a railroad. A meeting of citizens was held, at which the two heroic surveyors made their report, and a banquet was spread in their honor. A subscription paper was circulated and enough money secured to purchase each of the engineers a handsome suit of clothes. This is all they received for their six months' woi;k, except meager expenses and glory. The first survey was completed to Hannibal on Christmas Day, 1850, by Simeon Kemper and James O'Donoghue. The two survey- ors were accompanied by Colonel Robert M. Stewart, Colonel M. F. Tiernan and a newspaper correspondent from Baltimore named Bren- nan, besides some chainmen, etc. Later on the final surveys were made under charge of Colonels M. F. Tiernan and M. Jeff Thompson. In 1852 the building of the road was assured. Willard P. Hall, who had, in 1846, argued against railroads on general principles, now became the good angel of the despondent enterprise. As chairman of the committee on public lands in Congress he secured the passage of a bill granting six hundred thousand acres of land to the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Conipany, and the work of construction began at Hannibal as soon as possible. The state loaned its credit to aid the work in the sum of $1,500,- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 231 000 bonds to be issued and used conditioned on proof that the sum of $50,000 had been actually expended in construction. John Corby of St. Joseph, agent of the road, borrowed the first $50,000, and this enabled the work to continue until funds were secured from land sales and bonds issued by the coimties through which the line passes. Again, in 1855, the company having exhausted all its resources, the state loaned an additional $1,500,000, making in all the sum of $3,000,000, which was liquidated, with interest, in about seventeen years after the completion of the road. The contract for building the entire line was let to John Duff & Co., August 10, 1852, its construction being sublet to various parties. Work was commenced first on the eastern line, and progressed slowly. In August, 1857, the steamboat Saranak brought an engine and cargo of rails to St. Joseph. Some grading was done, a track laid, and the engine hauled out on the bank, with all the people in town and vicinity as lookers-on. It was a great curiosity. Work proceeded very rapidly for those days, and progress was reported all along the line. John Corby of St. Joseph was a director and a heavy contractor in the construction of the road. When the two ends of the line were a hundred miles apart stages were put on to carry passengers from one point to the other, and a lively business was done. Large warehouses were constructed at Hannibal and at St. Jo- seph, and steamboat lines started up and down the river to transact the immense business done in connection with the road. On February 14, 1859, the first through passenger train arrived at St. Joseph from Hannibal, with Edgar Sleppy as engineer and Benjamin H. Colt as conductor. A great celebration in honor of the completion of the road was held on Washington's birthday, at the old Odd Fellows' Hall. A jug of water from the Mississippi was emptied into the Missouri River at the mouth of Blacksnake, the ceremony of mingling the waters being performed with great solem- nity by Broaddus Thompson, a prominent citizen in those days, and a most unique character withal. John Patee had donated a strip of ground containing forty acres, from Olive street west of Eighth south to Mitchell avenue, for ter- minal facilities. A depot was built at Eighth and Olive streets. In 1857, before 'the completion of the road, shops were established, with C. F. Shivels as master mechanic. In the summer of 1872 a branch was built from St. Joseph to Atchison. The Hannibal & St. Josepn road became part of the BurHngton system in 1884. 232 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH THE K. C, St. J. & C. B.— The consolidation. of several pioneer railroads is represented in the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs line. February 24, 1853, the legislature of Missouri granted a charter for a road to extend from St. Joseph to Kansas City. A company under the name and style of the Platte County Railroad, was organized in 1857, by WilHam Osborne, Davis Carpenter, M. Jeff Thompson and others. Under the auspices of this company a line was surveyed from St. Joseph southward through De Kalb, in Buchanan County, Platte City and 'Parkville in Platte County, to Kansas City. The legislature of 1856-57 granted aid to this road in the sum of $700,000. A subsequent act provided that none of the bonds of this road should be available till the year 1859. The charter also authorized the extention of the road to the northern boundary oi the state, under which provision it was completed to Savannah in i860, and graded to Forest City. December 11, 1855, the Atchison and St. Joseph railroad was incorporated. The articles of association provided that Benj. String- fellow, John H. Stringfellow, Peter T. Abell, John Doniphan, Stephen Johnson, Elijah H. Norton, Harvey Collier, Robert W. Donnell, Rouben Middleton, Bela M. Hughes, James H. Lucas, John Simon, cr any five of them, constitute the first board of directors. In the summer of 1858, General "Benjamin Stringfellow, Dr. J. H. Stringfellow, Peter T. Abell, Harvey Collier, Reuben Middleton, John Doniphan and Robert W. Donnell met in St. Joseph, in the Methodist church, which then stood on the northeast corner of Third and Felix streets, and there organized the company. At this meetings Samuel C. Pomeroy, of Atchison, was elected a director and president of tlie company. Charles West, of St. Joseph, was also at this meet- ing elected a director. Stock was taken by the parties present, and in a short time after, the city of Atchison subscribed $100,000 ; Abel & Stringfellow, $10,000; John Doniphan, $1,600, and Samuel C. Pomeroy, $10,000. Other parties contributed liberally, swelling the aggregate of subscriptions over and above the city stock, to about $60,000. Contracts for grading were immediately let along the en- tire line of the road, and work commenced at Winthrop, opposite Atchison. By July ist, 1859, this grading was completed between St. Joseph and Winthrop. In March, 1859, the Weston and Atchison Railroad Company was incorporated under the general laws of the state. The officers of this incorporation were John Doniphan, president; James N. Burnes, vice-president; Fielding H. Lewis, secretary, and Daniel o ■< o t-H z p BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 233 D. Burnes, treasurer. Private subscriptions were forthwith made to the road to the amount of $44,000, and the city of Weston issued her bonds to the amount of $50,000 in aid of the building of the same. Ground was broken at Weston April 27, 1859. July 15, 1859, the Weston and Atchison and Atchison and St. Joseph companies, finding that their means would be inadequate to accom|)lish more than the work of grading the road, for the pur- pose ' f an early comp'letion of the same, made a contract with the Platte County road by which they transferred to that corporation the roadbed, franchises and right of way from St. Joseph to Weston. This company was enabled on the work so done, during the year 1859, to draw most of the s>tate aid, and in January, i860, the road was completed and in operation from St. Joseph to Atchison. In December of the same year the road was finished to latan, and by April 4, 1861, trains were running through to Weston. In 1863 the name of this road was changed, the style "Platte Country" being sub- stituted for the original "Platte County." In 1864 the road was seized by Governor Hall for non-payment of interest on state bonds. Immediately the Weston and Atchison and the Atchison and St. Joseph Railroad Companies commenced suits for their road-bed on the ground that the original contract was illegal. The legislature of 1867 acquiesced on condition of a re- organization under the name and style of the Missouri Valley Rail- road Company, and a completion of the road from Savannah, through Maryville to the northern boundary of the state. Under this act the road was completed to Hopkins in 1869. The road from Council Bluffs to Hamburg, Iowa, fifty-two miles in length, was built by Willis, Phelps & Co., and completed in 1867. It was styled the Council Bluffs and St. Joseph Railroad. Hon. James F. Joy and his friends came to the front and built the road from St. Joseph to Hamburg, seventy-nine miles long, opening it for traffic in 1868. This was called the St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad. In 1870 the Missouri Valley and the St. Joseph and Council Bluffs railroads were consolidated and the road called the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs. The Missouri Valley road ran from St. Joseph to Savannah, via. Jimtown, up to 1871, when this roadbed was abandoned, a cut-off to Savannah having been built from Amazonia. In 1884 the K. C, St. J. & C. B. road became part of the C, B. & Q. system. Davis Carpenter was superintendent in 1866 ; Col. A. G. Gower from 1866 to 1869, Maj. A. L. Hopkins from 1869 to 1870. Col. J. 234 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH F. Barnard was superintendent from 1870 to 1884, when he was made general manager of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. and H. & St. J. roads under the C, B. & Q. system, serving as such until the summer of 1887, when he was succeeded by W. F. Merrill, who remained until August of 1889, being succeeded by W. C. Brown. Mr. Brown re- mained until January, 1896, when he was succeeded by Howard El- liott, the present general manager. THE ST. JOSEPH & GRAND ISLAND.— This is the suc- cessor of the Marysville or Palmetto & Roseport, the first railroad projected in Kansas, which was chartered February 17, 1857. In 1856 a party of South Carolinians, who had moved to Kansas with the expectation that slavery would be perpetuated, purchased a claim adjoining Marysville and founded a town, which they called Palmetto, but which has long since disappeared. The projectors of the road, anxious to please the people of both Palmetto and Marysville, blended both names into the title of the railroad. Roseport was the original name of Elwood, opposite St. Joseph, named for Richard Rose, a prominent promoter in those days, who lived in St. Joseph. Roseport, however, gave way to Elwood, and Elwood has since given way to the tawny and turbulent current of the Missouri River. There remain, however, the postoffice, the depot and the name. In April of i860, when M. Jeff Thompson was president of the road, a small engine, named "Albany'' and three flat cars were crossed on the ferryboat "Ida." In June of i860 the track-laying began. John P.:'-oder, now chief of police of this city, drove the first spike. Sinclair Miller was superintendent, George Lewis superintendent of track-laying and James Whitney engineer of the "Albany." By July 19, i860, the road was completed to Wathena, and on that day there was an appropriate celebration at that place. The Jackson Guards of St. Joseph and many of our citizens assisted. They crossed the river on the ferry and rode to Wathena on the flat cars. Work was suspended owing to disturbed political conditions, and the engine was brought back to St. Joseph. During the war the farmers in the Kansas bottoms used the flat cars, drawing wood and produce to the ferry landing with oxen. In time, however, the track rotted and cottonwood trees grew profusely among the ties. In 1862 the name was changed to the St. Joseph & Denver City Railroad Company, the purpose still being the building of a line to Marysville. The Northern Kansas Railroad Company was author- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 235 ized to build an extension from Marysville to the Nebraska line, and acquired the lands granted by an act of congress approved July 23, 1866. The two companies were consolidated August 11, 1866, under the name of the St. Joseph & Denver City Railroad Company, with a capital stock of $10,000,000. The city of St. Joseph aided this en- terprise to the extent of $500,000. The work of extension was begun in 1867, and the road opened to Hastings, Neb., in 1872. The portion of the road in Nebraska was built under the general railroad law of that state. The total amount expended in construction was $5,449,620.77, of which $1,400 was from stockholders, $782,727.10 from the state and county sub- sidies, and $4,665,493.67 from the sale of $6,755,900 mortgage bonds. The property was placed in the hands of a receiver in 1874, and sold under foreclosure in November, 1875. Under the scheme of re- organization two companies were formed — the St. Joseph & Pacific Railroad Company owning and operating the road from Elwood westward to Marysville, and the Kansas & Nebraska Railroad Com- pany owning and operating the road from Marysville, Kan., west to Hastings, Neb. On the 29th of March, 1877, those two companies were again consolidated under the title of the St. Joseph & Western Railroad Company. The Hastings & Grand Island Railroad Company was incor- porated May 9, 1879. Its road extending from Hastings to Grand Island, Neb., twenty-five miles, was opened October i, 1879, and bought by the St. Joseph & Western Railroad Company February 18, 1880. By the terms of the sale the stock was exchanged for an equal amount of the St. Joseph & Western stock. Of the land grant, 300,000 acres were placed in the hands of trustees for the benefit of the stockholders of land script. In January, 1880, the roads came under the cintrol of the Union Pacific Railroad Company. From February, 1880, to January, 1884, the road was operated by the Union Pacific Railroad Company. On the latter date it began to be again operated independently. On the iith of June, 1885, the St. Joseph & Western road was sold under foreclosure, the sale of the Hastings & Grand Island rail- road following on the 19th of the same month, both lines being bought by a committee of the bondholders. The St. Joseph & Marys- ville Railroad Company and the Grand Island & Marysville Railroad Company, two new corporations, were organized in the states of Kansas and Nebraska and consolidated into the St. Joseph & Grand Island railroad. The property of the company includes the St. Jo- 236 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH seph bridge and the entire line between St. Joseph and Grand Island, 252 miles. John F. Barnard was superintendent in 1871-72, and was suc- ceeded by Wm. H. Sheridan, who served only a short time and was succeeded by L. D. Tuthill. Mr. Tuthill remained until June, 1885, when he was succeeded by Daniel McCool, who served until January, 1888. Wm. Lush was then made general manager, remaining until ■May, 1888, when he was succeeded by G. M. Cummings, who served until December, 1888, when E. McNeill took charge. Mr. McNeill was succeeded in August, 1890, by W. P. Robinson, Jr. During 1 89 1 the office was a'bohshed, the road being under the Union Pa- cific system. In January, 1892, Mr. Robinson returned and is at present in charge. Dunng the past summer the Grand Island began running trains into Kansas City over leased lines. THE ST. JOSEPPI & TOPEKA.— In 1858 the St. Joseph & Topeka Railroad Company obtained a charter from the Kansas legis- lature. The St. Joseph city directory of i860 shows that Willard P. Hall was president ; John Corby, vice-president ; M. Jeff Thompson, secretary; Joseph C. Hull, treasurer, and Adam Brenner, of Doni- phan, assistant treasurer. The city of St. Joseph issued bonds to the amount of $50,000 to aid this enterprise. It was not until 1872, ho'vever, that anything materialized. In that year a line was built from Wathena to Doniphan, via Palermo and Geary City, by George H. Hall, John L. Motter, O. B. Craig, Wm. Craig and George W. Barr. The road was leased to the K. C, St. J. & C. B. company and operated until 1876. Trains were run from St. Joseph to Atchison, the St. Joseph & Western tracks being used to Wathena and the Atchison & Nebraska tracks from Doniphan to Atchison. The road had been bonded and the bonds placed with a firm of New York brokers. Before the bonds were disposed of the firm failed and the bonds were taken by its creditors as assets and foreclosed. The line was acquired by the St. Joseph & Western Company. After a time the rails were taken up and relaid on that road. The Hannibal & St. Joseph would have purchased the line had it been possible to acquire the city's interest in the bridge. The St. Joseph & Topeka was also known as the George Hall road and as the "Corkscrew" route. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 237 THE SANTA FE SYSTEM.— The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Company enters the city from two directions — from the southeast and from the southwest. The branch from the southeast was begun in 1867 and completed in the winter of 1869-70. It was then called the St. Louis & St. Joseph railway. Shortly after the completion of the road the company went into bankruptcy. Under a sale in the bankruptcy court the road was bought by the bondholders, who leased it to the North Missouri Railroad Company. Subsequently it was controlled by the Wabash Company. In 1886 it passed into the hands of the late Winslow Judson and others and was called the St. Joseph & St. Louis. In 1888 the road passed into the control of the Santa Fe system and was called the St. Joseph, St. Louis & Santa Fe. At about the same time the "Santa Fe" Company built a line from Atchison to St. Joseph, via Rushville. This company also built a line to Lake Contrary shortly after the completion of the Atchison line. The St. Joseph Terminal Company was organized in 1889. The "Santa Fe" and "Grand Island" Companies are jointly interested. Shops and a round house were built on lower Sixth street, and, in 1890 a freight depot was erected at Fourth street, south of Olive. Formerly the Grand Island and St. Joseph & St. Louis companies jointly used a freight depot that stood near where the shops and round house are now located. Before the eredtion of the Union Depot this was used as a passenger station also for these roads. THE "ROCK ISLAND."— In 1872 a branch of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad was built from Edgerton Junction, in Platte County, through Crawford, Bloomington and Rush Town- ships, Buchanan County, to Winthrop. Bloomington Township voted bonds to aid this enterprise. This was not accomplished with- out opposition, however, and the majority was so small that there was a protest. The bonds were certified to by the county court, but for some years there was objection to paying the levy called for by these bonds ; there was also litigation, but without avail. In 1885 the people of St. Joseph subscribed $50,000 to secure a branch of the "Rock Island" from Altamont, Duviess County. Trains began running over this line in May, 1886. Early in 1886 the "Rock Island" projected a line west of the Missouri River. The Chicago, Kansas & Nebraska Railroad Com- 238- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH pany was chartered in Kansas and the people of St. Joseph subscribed for stock to the amount of $300,000. The road was bonded and • built. Shops were located at Horton, where a prosperous town soon sprang up. At Horton the road forks, one branch going through Topeka and Wichita to Oklahoma and Texas and another through northern Kansas to Denver. Trains began running iiito St. Joseph in November, 1889. After several years the bondholders foreclosed and the stockholders lost what money they had invested. THE ST. JOSEPH w: DES MOINES.— The St. Joseph & Des Moines Railroad Company was organized in this city in 1877, with Col. John L. Motter as president. In November of the same year a contract for the grading was let, work was commenced at once, and by the first of April, 1878, the first twenty miles of roadbed was ready for the rails. Track-laying was commenced June i, the first engine placed on the road June 26, and the line was in operastion by Oc- tober. This was a narrow-gauge road while under the control and ownership of John L. Motter, James H. Pickering, F. L. McLean, Wm. B. Johnson, Isaac T. Hosea, A. N. Schuster, R. L. McDonald and John B. Hundley. The first officials of the road were : John L. Motter, president and general manager; James H. Pickering, superintendent; F. L. McLean, general freight and ticket agent; W. B. Johnson, secretary and treasurer. In 1880 the line was purchased and became a branch of the Chi- cago, Buriington & Quincy. The gauge was at once widened. It thus added one more important feeder to the great "Burlington sys- tem." The depot was located on Mitchell avenue, near Fifteenth street, where stops are still made, though all trains run to the Union Station. THE MISSOURI PACIFIC— In January of 1880, when it was learned that Jay Gould desired the entrance of the Missouri Pa- cific railroad to St. Joseph, a number of citizens, interested directly or indirectly in reviving the St. Joseph & Topeka road, offered him a bonus of $30,000 to enter the city over that line The offer was accepted and the money paid over. Gould, however, disappointed these people by leasing a right of way over the Hannibal & St. Joseph .tracks. The first train of the Missouri Pacific reached St. Joseph on February 23, 1880. Until the completion of the Union Depot the old Hannibal & St. Joseph depot at Eighth and Olive streets was used. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 239 THE CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN.— This road was built to St. Joseph from Des Moines in 1889. It was then called the Chi- cago, St. Paul & Kansas City, and known as the "Diagonal" route. In 1890 the road was completed to Kansas City. Its name was changed to Chicago Great Western some years ago and it is familiarly known now as the "Maple Leaf" route, the emblem being a maple leaf. The trains of this road have never entered the Union Depot, it having been impossible to make arrangements for this that were mutually satisfactory. Recently a modern passenger station was built at Third and Antoine streets. The management has always dealt liberally with the people, asking no bonus, paying for every- thing and aiding the city by large expenditures in the building of the Blacksnake sewer. THE UNION PACIFIC— Up to the war period St. Joseph was generally regarded as the logical starting point of the Union Pacific railroad. The Hannibal & St. Joseph road connected the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers; the Kansas legislature had chartered the Pal- metto & Roseport, from Elwood to Marysville, and this road was completed to Wathena ; the Pony Express was operated out of St. Joseph over what was supposed to be the route of the future trans- continental railroad. When the Union Pacific was projected two branches were contemplated, one from Memphis by the southern route, and one from the Missouri River. When the road was char- tered by congress, in 1862, two branches were provided for, but both were to start from the Missouri River and meet at the looth parallel, about where North Platte, Neb., is located. Wyandotte secured the southern branch, and there was a contest between 9t. Joseph and Omaha for the northern branch. The senators from Missouri — Wil- son and Henderson — strongly advocated the cause of St. Joseph. The prospects of success seemed good until an Omaha champion re- cited in fervid eloquence the fact that the United States flag had been torn down from the postoffice here in May of 1861, and that the people of St. Joseph had been so disloyal as to require the constant presence of United States troops to preserve order and protect those who held Union sentiments. In conclusion he urged that such con- duct deserved a rebuke and the proper way of administering this was to start the northern branch of the Union Pacific railroad from Omaha. He carried off the honors, though he did this community a gross injustice. 240 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH THE BRIDGE.— In 1870 there was incorporated the St. Joseph Bridge Building Company, composed of General Willard P. Hall, J. M. Hawley, J. H. R. Candiff, J. B. Hinman, John L. Bittinger, James A. Matney, O. M. Smith, I. G. Kappner, Johji Pinger, J. D. Mc- Neely, W. Z. Ransom, Mordecai Oliver and Isaac C. Parker. A bridge across the river had long been a necessity and the people were willing to give all possible aid. Hence, on January 25, 1871, they ratified an ordinance, at a special election, authorizing a subscription for five thousand shares of the capital stock of the company above mentioned, to be paid for in the city's bonds, twenty years after date, and bearing 10 per cent interest per annum. This practically meant a donation of $500,000. But nineteen negative votes were cast. The company at once secured the services of Col. L. D. Mason, an engineer of national reputation, who, after having fixed the loca- tion of the bridge, was empowered to advertise for bids for its con- struction. The highest bid received was from the Baltimore Bridge Company, $1,175,000; the lowest from the Detroit Bridge and Iron Works, $716,000. The latter company was awarded the contract. On July 25, 1871, the first material arrived, and on September 26, the first stone was laid, on the Kansas side, in the presence of a large assemblage of people. In 1872, while the work was in progress, a proposition to transfer the bridge to the Hannibal & St. Joseph Rail- road Company, according to the proposition of Mr. B. F. Carver, was presented at a meeting of the Manufacturers' Aid Association, held March 20, 1872. The proposition, as may be supposed, caused a great deal of excitement among the people. Mr. Carver's proposition was to furnish the money to complete the bridge under the present direction, as fast as Chief Engineer Mason would estimate for the required funds ; that he would extend the St. Joseph & Topeka Railroad to Atchison, Kan., and connect it with the various roads at that town ; that he would remove the ma- chine shops, car works and general offices of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, located at Hannibal, to St. Joseph ; that he would fix the tariff of highway travel on the bridge at rates one-half lower than those of any similar structure on the Missouri or Mississippi Rivers ; and that he would make the tariffs to railroads equal as between his and all others, and that rates guarded and liberal be assured to all. In consideration of his doing these things, he asked that the city transfer to him its entire stock of $500,000, and that the machine and car shops should be exempt from taxation, as they were in Hannibal, for twenty years. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 241 There was much debate and a great variety of opinions deliv- ered. Some -wanted the bridge made absokitely free for highway travel, while others thought it was better to allow the owners of it to collect a low rate of tariff and return to the city a portion of the "bonds voted to the work. All appeared to favor the proposition in one form or other, and adopted a resolution, unanimously, that it was the sense of the meeting that the city's stock ought to be sold when- ever judicious terms could be made. The council submitted the transfer to the vote of the people, but before the election day had arrived the ordinance was withdrawn. There are six piers. Wooden caissons were sunk to bed rock. The work in the interior of these caissons was carried on under pneumatic pressure and the masonry of the piers progressed upward as the caisson was sunk. Nearly one and one-half million feet of lumber and 16,000 cubic feet of concrete were required for the cais- sons and 172,000 cubic feet of masonry for the piers. The super- structure consists of three fixed spans of the quadrangular Pratt truss, each 300 feet long, one fixed span at the east approach of 80 feet, and a draw span of 365 feet, making the entire length of the bridge 1,345 feet. On the 20th of May, 1873, the first locomotive crossed the bridge. This was engine No. 6, of the St. Joseph & Denver City railroad, in charge of Edgar Sleppy, master mechanic of the shops of that road, and the man who ran the first passenger train out of St. Joseph on the opening of the Hannibal & St. Joseph road more than fourteen years before. Charles Stine, now a passenger engineer on the St. J. & G. I. road, performed the duties of fireman on this en- gine. On Saturday, May 31, 1873, occurred the grand celebration of the completion of the bridge. This was, beyond doubt, the most magnificent pageant ever displayed in the city. Not only was every civic association and benevolent society represented in the vast pro- cession, but the German citizens of the Northwest had selected St. Joseph as the place for holding their annual saengerfest, and May 31 was selected as the time. The procession which traversed the streets of St. Joseph on that day had never been equaled west of the Mississippi. Every trade was represented. Dr. Robert Gunn, who served as secretary of the company from the beginning of the second year of its organization, was superin- tendent, of the bridge for many years. June 16, 1879, the control of the bridge was transferred to Jay 3^2 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Gould and associates. It is now the property of the St. Joseph & Grand Island Railroad Company. * * * THE UNION STATION.— In October, 1868, the county, judges voted an appropriation of $10,000 to aid the citizens of Bu- chanan County to procure grounds for a Union Depot, the same to be erected between the foot of Jule street and the foot of Edmond street, for the use of the Hannibal & St. Joseph, the St. Joseph & Council Bluffs, and all other railroads thereafter centering in St. Joseph. Machine shops were also to be maintained. This scheme, though urgently advocated by a number of St. Joseph's most promi- nent citizens, never materialized. In April, 1880, the St. Joseph Union Depot Company was formed, the following railroad companies being incorporators and bondholders : Hannibal & St. Joseph, Missouri Pacific, St. Joseph & Western, Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs, Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific, and St. Joseph & Des Moines. A building was erected across Mitchell avenue, with a frontage of 405 feet on Sixth street, which was completed on April 30, 1882. Major Joseph Hansen, the present superintendent, was placed in charge. The upper story was arranged for a hotel. The first train to leave the Union Depot was over the Missouri Pacific route, and was called at an early hour on May i, 1882, by Isaac Veitch, who has con- tinuously served as chief depot master since tl^^t time. On the night of February 9, 1895, the depot was destroyed by fire. The hotel was at that time kept by Major John B. Laughlin. During the same year a new building was erected upon the site of the old one, with many improvements. This new Union Station was opened for business early in January of 1896. TELEGRAPH LINES.— The first telegraph line built to St. Joseph was completed on March 3, 1853. The first message received was the inaugural address of President Franklin Pierce. Peter Lovell was the operator and his office was at the southwest corner of Second and Jule streets. There were two newspapers in St. Jo- seph at that time — the Gazette and the Adventurer — and the forces were combined in putting the message into type. Captain F. M. Posegate was among the compositors of the Adventure, and Charles M. Thompson, now residing in California, was of the Gazette force. The Stebbens line, from St. Louis to St. Joseph, via Atchison, was BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 243 built in i860. In 1880 three telegraph companies had offices in St. Joseph — the Western Union, the American Union, and the Atlantic and Pacific. In 1884 there were three companies — the Union Pa- cific, the Mutual Union and the Pacific Mutual. The latter line was built from St. Louis to Sioux City by Joseph A. Corby of this city, and was absorbed by the Postal Telegraph and Cable Company. This and the Western Union are the only companies now having offices in St. Joseph. CHAPTER XXir. CRIMINAL INCIDENTS. — ROBIDOUX ROBBED.— THE KILLING OF WHITTLE AT SPARTA.— MURDER OF DR. JONES.— TOM FARRIS.— KILLING OF CHARLES ROBIDOUX.— BURNING OF THE FRIEND FAMILY. —RESCUE OF DR. DOY.— THREE WAR-TIME TRAGE- DIES. — KILLING OF JESSE JAMES. — THE BOND ROBBERY. — MURDER OF COLONEL STRONG.— HOLD-UP AT MCDONALD'S FACTORY.— SEVERAL TRAIN ROBBERIES. The criminal history of Buchanan County dates back to the summer of 1842. Joseph Robidoux had received $4,000 in silver, in payment for merchandise sold to the Sac and Fox Indians. This money was placed in four strong wooden boxes and stored by Robi- doux under a counter in his place of business. Some nights after- ward an entrance was effected and the money carried away. Cir- cumstances fastened suspicion upon a party of people who had recently come into the county, and who had located on the east side of One-Hundred-and-Two River. There were three families, named Spence, Scott and Davis. A search was instituted. One of the Spence boys had purchased a pair of new shoes of Robidoux shortly before the robbery. The fact that one of these shoes was found in the mud at the crossing of ^lacksnake Creek, confirmed the suspicion. A posse was organized, and efforts were stimulated by a reward of $500 which Robidoux offered for the recoverv of the silver. The suspects were surrounded, but stoutly and de- fiantly denied guilt. The man Davis was taken by a portion of the posse to a secluded spot, and threatened, but he stubbornly refused to confess. As had been prearranged, a pistol was fired, and several of the posse rushed to where the man Scott was in custody, declaring that Davis had been killed, and that they now proposed to treat Scott likewise. Scott begged for mercy, and agreed to tell where the money was. He was promised immunity, and at once led his captors to a spot where $1,000, wrapped in a blanket, had been buried. But Scott's knowledge did not extend beyond the first cache. The vigi- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 245 lantes now resorted to strategy. Davis, who was still in custody, was informed that Scott had confessed, and was told that he would be given his liberty if he did Hkewise. After much profanity and defiance, he yielded, upon being- shown an ominous rope. The remainder of the silver had been buried as the first, and in close proximity. The money was all recovered except $27. Scott and Davis were brought to Blacksnake Hills as prisoners. Davis es- caped and Scott was given his liberty. The Spence boys disappeared at once. In his "Recollections of an Old Pioneer/' the late Peter H. Burnett, the first circuit atjtorney who prosecuted in Buchanan County, and who was afterwards governor of California, relates the following incident : "A celebrated counterfeiter of the name of Whittle went from the covmty in which he resided to an adjoining county and passed upon a plain farmer some counterfeit gold coin in payment for a horse. Having been indicted in the proper county, he applied for a change of venue; and the case, upon a proper showing, went to Buchanan County. "When the case was called the prisoner was ready for trial, and I asked the court to order the sheriff to call the trial jurors. The moment I heard their names called I was satisfied that ilt was mainly A packed jury. I knew that some of them belonged to the band of criminals in that county, or they were unfortunate in reputation and association. I promptly rose and said : 'If the court please, it is iijw very near dinner time, and I think it very likely I will dispose of this case without troubling the court.' Judge Atchison seemed to understand what I was driving at, and readily adjourned court. "When the court met again there was a large crowd present, as it must have been anticipated that some decisive step in the case would be taken. When the case was called I said : 'With the leave of the court, I will enter a nolle prosequi and let the prisoner go. I do not mean to make a farce of justice by trying this prisoner before such a jury.' The prisoner was wholly taken by surprise, and looked exceedingly mortified. He evidently expected to be tried and ac- quitited. I intended to have the witnesses again subpoenaed before the grand jury of the proper county, and they would no doubt have found another indictment; and, upon another change of venue, I should have opposed successfully any effort of the defendant to have the case sent to Buchanan County. But the prisoner was killed in a private quarrel before the next term of court. "He was a man of Herculean frame and of desperate character. His death happened in this wise : He forced a quarrel upon a peaceable, awkward, innocent young man, about the age of twenty- 246 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH one, for the purpose, most likely, of showing off his prowess before his friends. At all events, when the young man had hitched his horse to the rack, Whittle went out and cut off the horse's tail, and came into the room where the young man was sitting, and thrust it rudely into his face. Upon the young man's remonstrating, Whit- tle chased him into the street; and several times afterward during the day he followed him into other places and forced him hastily to leave. The poor young man became desperate at last, and armed himself with a pistol. Whittle again drove him from the house, and was pursuing him into the street, when the young man turned upon him and shot him through the heart. Though fatally wounded, Whittle picked up a large stone and threw it at the young man with such force that had it struck him it would have killed him instantly. After throwing the stone, Whitte fell upon his face dead." The History of Buchanan County, published in 1881, refers to this incident, and states that it occurred at Sparta. The name of Whittle's slayer is given as Gillett and the event is said to have occurred in 1842. Whittle's body «as the first to be buried in the Sparta graveyard, and his taking off is said to have caused general satisfaction. Gillett left the county soon afterwards, though it is doubtful if he would ever have been punished for slaying Whittle. The murder of Dr. Jones, which occurred on the morning of June 18, 1848, was one of the notable criminal episodes in the county. Dr. Jones lived on Rock House Prairie. He was sitting with his farnily upon the porch of his residence. A man named Gibson came and quarreled with Dr. Jones. In an altercation which ensued Gib- son fatally stabbed Dr. Jones with a knife. The murderer escaped and was never caotured. Tom Farris was one of the pestiferous petty criminals of St. Joseph during the overland period. His career extended from 1849 to 185 1. His specialty was stealing wheels and chains from the wagons of the emigrants, and then selling the stolen articles back to their owners, in disguised form, at a good price. Many stores were robbed from time to time by Farris and his gang, but notwith- standing the leaders were well known, they always managed to, evade the law, and it was impossible to fasten any evidence upon them. One fine May day the good people of St. Joseph became so tired of these things that Old Tom and his first lieutenant, a hand- some and finely dressed man, were conduc1:ed to .the top of Prospect BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 247 Hill, given 100 lashes each and ordered to leave. This broke up the thieving gang. The excitement and public indignation caused by the tragic death of Charles Robidoux is well remembered by the survivors of those days. Charles was the youngest son of Joseph Robidoux. He was a handsome, light-hearted young man, in his twentieth year, who was generally beloved. The circumstances connected with his death are as follows : On the night of September 8, 1850, at about 11 o'clock young Robidoux, in company with other young men of the town, were on the street, engaged in some harmless sport. They were rapping at the doors of the business houses, to awaken clerks and others sleep- ing therein. They rapped on the door of D. & T. D. S. MacDonald, which was located on Main street, where thj Sommer- Richardson cracker factory now stands; and, after leaving it. they went to a post set in the ground, at the edge of the pavement opposite the building, and pulled it up. Young Robidoux placed the post on his shoulder and started towards the opposite side of the street. When he had gone about one-third of the distance, a gun was fired from the window of the second story of MacDonald's store. The load, which consisted of shot of large size, took effect in the back of Robi- doux's head and he expired in a few minutes. Duncan MacDonald confessed that he had fired the gun, but with no intention of injuring any person. The deed created an intense feeling, and there was strong talk of violence on the part of young Robidoux's friends. This was stimulated by the grewsome act of one of these. He procured a quantity of blood from a slaughter-house, with which, during the night, he covered the entire sign in front of the MacDonald store, and then dotted the hideous red ground with black paint, in imitation of bullet marks. Wiser counsel prevailed, however, and the meditated violence was prevented. MacDonald was tried and acquitted, it having been shown that there was no intention to commit murder. On May 28, 1856, the family of Jacob Friend, consisting of father, mother and four children, residing about four miles south of St. Jo- seph, were burned to death in their dwelling. The general supposi- tion was, borne out by circumstances, that the family was first murdered and then the residence burned, to destroy evidence of 248 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH crime. Five men, residing in the neighborhood, were arrested on suspicion. They were indicted and tried, but the evidence was not of sufficient weight to convict, the main point being that it was known that an enmity existed between the parties. Only one mem- ber of the family, a daughter, who was away oh a visit, escaped, and was not aware of the calamity until the next day. In 1859, at the time the slave question was agitated and seces- sion was threatened in several of the Southern states, Kansas was recognized as the haven of slaves ; that is, when a slave in Missouri was missing the supposition was that he had been stolen and trans- ported to Kansas. In January of that year a party of Missourians from Platte County, in pursuit of a negro named "Dick," belonging to a man named Niedman in Platte County, caught up with two wagons near Lawrence, Kan. In those wagons, driven by Dr. John Doy and his son, they found their negro, besides several more who had been taken from Jackson County, Missouri. The Doys were returned to Platte City, where an indictment was found against them, tried for the offense, found guilty and placed in jail. J. M. Bassett, the circuit attorney, being sick. Judge Elijah H. Norton, before whom the cases were tried, appointed Col. John Doniphan, now of this city, to prosecute. A change of venue was taken from Platte to Buchanan County, and on May 25 they were put on trial. A hung jury was the result, circumstantial evidence being the main hindrance. In June the cases were again considered, the in- dictment against young Doy having been dismissed in the meantime. The news of Doy's arrest and the earnest desire of the people of Kan-, sas to see justice done impelled the legislature of Kansas to employ the best legal talent in the country to defend him, and for that pur- pose Wilson Shannon of Ohio and A. C. Davis, attorney general of the state of Kansas were secured. The trial continued for three days amidst the most intense excitement. The jury, composed of Samuel B. Tolin, George Boyer, Jacob Boyer, H. D. Louthen, Merill Willis, Henson Devorss, George Clark, Henry P Smith, John Madrill, O. M. Loomis, William W. Mitchell and James Hill, after a few mo- ments' deliberation, returned a verdict of guilty. An appeal was taken to the supreme court, and while pending an episode occurred which not only startled this community, but was noted extensively all over the country. On a dark night a party of Kansans crossed the river. Under pretext of having a prisoner BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 249 \Yhom they desired to commit, the entered the jail, secured the jailer, released the prisoner, locked the door, threw the key away and escaped with him to Kansas. On May 19, 1863, Captain Charles Mast, a prominent German citizen of St. Joseph, and captain of a militia company, who kept a saloon on Second street, was killed in his place of business by Gideon Hudson, a private in a company of Colorado volunteers. Hudson was drunk and threatened several persons with his pistol. . Captain Mast remonstrated and while endeavoring to disarm Hudson was fatally shot. An arrest followed. The commander of the Colorado troops took the ground that Hudson was acting on the lines of duty. There was much local indignation at this finding, and the papers in the case were then sent to department headquarters, but no one seems to know what finally became of them or Hudson. On Sunday evening, .September 21, 1862, a desperado named John Young, without cause or provocation, shot and killed D. W. Fritzlein, proprietor of the Avenue brewery in this city. The murder occurred in the bottoms between Elwood and Walthena. About six o clock that evening a wagon was seen coming from the Elwood ferry boat. It was at once driven up Frederick avenue to the brewery. One of the men in the wagon was covered with blood, and around his neck was a rope, held by one of the other occupants. This attracted general attention, and thousands of people followed. Fritzlein's friends were going to lynch Young. He was taken to the cottonwoods on the hills east of the city where the mob seized the rope, pulled the murderer from the wagon and dragged him to a tree. After beating and pounding him severely he was tied to the trunk of a tree and preparations were made to burn him. Coroner Maxwell used his best endeavors, being seconded in his efforts by the military, to let the law take its course. They were suc- cessful, and the man was turned over to the civil authorities. While in the hands of the crowd he begged piteously to be shot rather than hanged. The following Monday night the prisoner requested to be removed to the post hospital for the purpose of having his wounds dressed. This was granted, and the surgeon, after an examination, ordered the prisoner returned to jail, being convinced that he was feigning, evidently with the hope that he could thereby effect his escape. As the guards, consisting of a sergeant and two men, were returning the man to jail he was fired upon by parties concealed in 250 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH the lumber yard, unknown to the guard, the ball inflicting only a flesh wound in his arm. So great was the indignation of the citizens against the murderer that a special guard of militia had to be sta- tioned at the jail to protect him. The murderer was, upon a requisition from the governor of Kansas, turned over to the Doni- phan County, Kansas, authorities and placed in jail at Troy. Some months afterwards his body was found in the river. Bullet holes indicated that he had been shot before being consigned to the water. On the night of August 13, 1878, when the passenger train going south on the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad. Conductor George Brown, arrived at Winthrop Junction four men boarded it. They seemed unconcerned, cool and deliberate, and it did not take them long to make their purpose known. They en- tered the express and baggage car, in charge of Frank Baxter. The men were not masked and were strangers to all the railroad men. With drawn revolvers they compelled Baxter to open the express safe, from which they secured about $5,000. They then commanded the conductor to stop the train, whereupon the deliberately took their leave, going into the brush. Subsequently Mike Roarke, Dan Dement, Tillman and Frank Brooks were arrested and punished for other work of the same nature, and circumstances pointed strongly to their connection with this affair. Jesse James, outlaw, upon whose head the state had put a price and to whose captors or slayers immunity had been promised, was killed in St. Joseph April 3, 1882, at about 10 o'clock in the morning. James had been living in St. Joseph since November 9, 1881, under the ahas of "James Howard." His wife, two children and Charley Ford, a fellow-bandit, whose alias was Charles Johnson, composed the household. For a short time they lived at Twenty-first and La- fayette streets, but the tragedy took place at No. 1318 Lafayette street. The house is still in a good state of preservation, though it has been lowered. The identity of James was known to but a few persons in St. Jo- seph, who, for reasons best known to themselves, kept it concealed. He mingled very Httle with the outside world, seldom going to the business portion of the city, making few acquaintances and keeping his own counsel. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 251 Tempted by a $10,000 reward and the promised immunity, Charley Ford entered into a plan to trap and slay his friend and pro- tector. Feeling the need of an accomplice, he persuaded James to give shelter to his brother Robert, commonly called "Bob." These two worthies only awaited a favorable opportunity. This came on the morning of April 3, 1882. Bob Ford assisted Mrs. James in the housework, while Charley Ford assisted James in the stable. The morning chores accomplished, the three men entered the front room, leaving Mrs. James in the kitchen to prepare dinner. James opened the front door. He remarked that if the people in the street saw him heavily armed they might become suspicious, and he there- upon removed his belt and pistols, throwing them upon a bed. Then he mounted a chair and began to dust a picture that hung against the wall. This was the first time in their long association that the Ford boys had seen James off his guard. He was unarmed and his back was turned. Simultaneously they grasped the situation, and drew their pistols. The click of the trigger caused James to turn his head slightly, but in that instant Bob fired and James fell backward to the floor a corpse. The bullet entered the back of his head near the right ear. The Fords replaced their revolvers in their belts and hastily left the house, going to the Western Union Telegraph office, where they at once wired Governor Crittenden, as well as Sheriff Timberlake of Clay County and the marshal of Kansas City, that they had killed Jesse James. Thence they went in search of City Marshal Enos Craig, buft he had heard of the affair and had gone to the scene of the tragedy. They then secured the protection of a policeman and re- turned to the house. Meeting the officials, they imparted the fact that they had done the shooting, at the same time disclosing the identity of the victim. They requested to be taken into custody, which was done. Subsequently Mrs. James swore out a warrant charging them with the murder of her husband. The body of James was buried at Kearney in Clay County, the family home. Judge O. M. Spencer, who was state's attorney for Buchanan County at that time, insisted upon prosecuting the Fords. They were indicted for murder in the first degree, and, upon arraignment before Judge Sherman, on April 18, 1882, pleaded guilty to the charge. Judge Sherman sentenced ±hem to be hanged on May igth. On April 19th a pardon, signed by Governor Crittenden, arrived and the Fords were released. They were at once re-arrested by an officer 252 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH from Ray County and taken to Richmond to answer to the charge of having murdered on Wood Hite. Of this they were also cleared. The reward of $10,000, which had been offered by express and railroad companies that had been troubled by the depredations of the James gang, was paid over to the Fords, and they lived in debauchery until they perished — Charley as a suicide and Bob by a pistol ball in a Colorado dance hall. April, 1882, was replete with sensations in St. Joseph. While the incidents in connection with the killing of Jesse James were being discussed in every household, on every street corner, and even in the pulpit, the startHng information was imparted that the city treasury of St. Joseph had been robbed. The first intimation the officers or citizens had of such a condition of affairs was conveyed by wire from New York in a telegram dated April 8, 3 150 p. m., re- ceived by John S. Lemon and Charles W. Campbell, and sent by Robert W. Donnell, formerly of St. Joseph, then a banker of New York and fiscal agent of the city. The telegram was brief, stating that Pinkerton detectives had arrested two men, giving their names as Irwin and Fish, both of St. Joseph, who were trying to dispose of 4 per cent funding bonds of the city of St. Joseph to the amount of $100,000. Messrs. Lemon and Campbell, being members of the finance committee of the city council, immediately caused a hasty examina- tion of the city register's office to be made, and it was discovered that bonds numbered 901 to 1000, inclusive, were missing. During the afternoon and evening a number of telegrams were exchanged, and at a special session of the city council that evening an appropriation was made to send a delegation to New York city to investigate the matter. Mayor J. A. Finer, Register James H. Ringo and Marshal Enos Craig were selected. The delegates at once left the city. Mar- shal Craig going to Jefferson City for requisition papers. From the tenor of the dispatches immediate action on the part of St. Joseph officials was necessary, as efforts were being made there to release the bond thieves. It appears that these men had been in New York for over a week, endeavoring to dispose of the bonds. Their actions and liberal offers excited suspicion, al- though the bonds were pronounced genuine by the city's financial agent. They claimed that they had secured the bonds from a man in Missouri, but the story was doubted, and Mr. Donnell expressed BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 253 the opinion that if the men having the bonds in their possession were not guilty of theft they were acting as an agent of a disreputable city official at St. Joseph. A new city administration having now assumed control, with F. M. Posegate as mayor, it was deemed advisable to send Thos. H. Ritchie, the newly elected city marshal, to New York city to aid in securing and bringing back to St. Joseph the bond thieves. Upon the arrival of the St. Joseph parties in New York the prisoners were turned over to Marshal Ritchie and ex-Marshal Craig, while the bonds were placed into the custody of Mr. Donnell. It was discov- ered that $4,000 of the coupons attached to the bonds were missing. The man who gave the name of Fisk when arrested proved to be W. W. Scott, who was engaged in the roofing business while here. Register Ringo submitted to an interview while in New York, in which he said : "It was one of the coolest burglaries ever com- mitted in St. Joseph. The bonds were lying on a- little bench in the vault, a large pile of them, and the robber or robbers would have to turn the pile over, which was done, they taking the lower part of them, and a robbery would not have been suspected unless it became neces- sary to count all of the bonds. These men must have watched me and taken an impression of the keys, as no person has a key except myself and the chairman of the finance committee." Scott and Irwin were brought back to St. Joseph, tried and ac- quitted. The jewelry store of Saxton & Hendrick, then located where the Tootle-Lemon bank now is, on the north side of Felix street, be- tween Fifth and Sixth streets, was robbed of jewelry to the value of $4,000 at about 6 130 o'clock on the evening of April 23, 1885. Four men entered the store. One engaged the only salesman present, Al- fred E. Daniels ; the other three sneaked behind the counters, robbed theshow cases of gold watches, diamonds and other jewelry and escaped. No arrests were ever made, nor was the property recov- ered. The murder of Col. J. W. Strong by Dr. S. A. Richmond, on June 18, 1886, shocked the community. Colonel Strong, who had been prominently identified with public enterprises in St. Joseph, was at that time publisher of the Herald, the office being located at the southwest corner of Sixth and Edmond streets. Dr. Richmond was the proprietor of a patent medicine. He had failed in business and had previously created a sensation by mysteriously disappearing 254 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH and having himself "discovered" in Chicago. On the morning of June 29, Colonel Strong was in his office, on the first floor of the Herald building. Richmond came up in a carriage, alighted and walked rapidly into Colonel Strong's presence. Without a word he fired three shots from a pistol into Colonel Strong's body. Death resulted in- a few minutes. Richmond was tried and the jury found that he was insane at the time the deed was committed. He was sent to Asylum ' No. 2, from which he escaped. He is now living in Illinois, no effort having ever been made to return him to the asylum. A bold daylight robbery occurred on the afternoon of Saturday, February 21, 1891. W. T. Kershaw, paymaster at the McDonald overall factory, in the Patee building, arrived with a sack of money, amounting to $1,600, to pay the employes. As he entered the vesti- bule he saw a man bearing a parcel wrapped in paper, who was ap- parently waiting for some one. The man proved to be a robber and the parcel a club. He struck Mr. Kershaw upon the head. A strug- gle ensued in which Mr. Kershaw was worsted, being stunned by the blow. The robber had an accompHce ready with a horse and buggy. They drove rapidly away, and though given a hot chase, escaped. No clew was ever found to them or the money. Train robberies were quite common in the vicin'ty of St. Joseph some years ago. A plan to rob a train on the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad was formulated in September of 1893. A point in the vicinity of Roy's Branch, about one mile north of the city, was selected for the scene of operaitions. Those im- plicated in the plot were N. A. Hearst, Charles Fredericks, William Garver, Fred Kohler, Henry Gleitze and Hugo Engel. Some days previous to the attempt the railroad officials had received pointers. Superinitendent Hohl, having learned that the attempt was to be .made on the night of September 23, so arranged that the train marked by the robbers was enabled to slip by. The robbers then arranged for Sunday night, September 25. The railroad officials were again informed, and in connection with Chief of Police Broder- and Sheriff Charles W. Carson, again arranged to frustrate- the attempt. The two officers each furnished a quota of men. Those in the poHce squad were Sergeant J. Fred Henry, Patrolmen John Roach, Robert Maney, Daniel Shea, E. L. Keiffer, John Kendrick, BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH • 255 John L. Claiborne, Charles S. Scott, John H. Martin, George W. Hays, Jeff Carson, William Halley, Ed Long and Wm. H. Rice. Sheriff Carson was accompanied by Deputy Sheriff John Brown. T. H. Ritchie, General Manager Brown and Superintendent Hohl were also of the party. Instead of sending out the regular train, for fear of endangering the lives of passengers, a dummy train, an exact counterpart of the regular, was dispatched, the two rear coaches being darkened to give them the appearance of sleepers. The armed men were mostly placed in the baggage car. To make it appear that a large amount of baggage was on board, empty boxes were taken on at the Fran- cis street depot. The train was in charge of Conductor Jake Harden- stein. W. L.- Wright was engineer and Victor Wise fireman. There were several traitors in the robbers' camp. Prior to the attempt Hearst, Frederick and Garver had agreed with the officers that as soon as firing began they were to fall down flat on the ground and to remain unmolested. This plan was carried out to the letter. When the train arrived at Roy's Branch bridge a red Hght appeared on the track and a signal was given to stop. The train stopped, and as it did so the bandits were discovered, all heavily armed, ranged along the side of the track. Beside their guns they were supplied with dynamite and fuse. Kohler, who seemed to be the leader, in company with Henry Gleitze, rushed up to the engineer and fire- man, covered them with revolvers, and ordered them to climb down and open the express car door. They obeyed with alacrity. When the door was reached Kohler, with an oath, demanded that the door be opened, threatening at the same time to blow the inmates up with dynamite. Those inside obeyed, and when Kohler saw the head of a man he fired at it. The police then fired a volley and Kohler fell backward to the ground. Although badly wounded in a number of places he kept shooting until his revolver was empty. The other bandits, except those who gave the scheme away, also continued shooting, and soon Hugo Engel went down with his body full of bullets. Henry Gleitze made his escape, while the accomplices were made prisoners. Gleitze was arrested the next day. He was arraigned at the De- cember term of court. The grand judy had indicted him for an attempt to rob R. E. Calicotte, who acted as express messenger, of a watch valued at $25, and not for an attempt to rob an express train, the train being a dummy and not an express. The -prisoner was al- lowed, by agreement, to plead guilty, and was sentenced to two years 256 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH in the penitentiary. Carver, Fredericks and Hearst were not prose- cuted. At about 6:40 p. m. on January 10, 1894, the Chicago fast train, better known as the "EH," on the Burlington system, was held up about four miles east of the city by five men. As the train reached the summit of the heavy grade a torpedo on the track warned En- gineer Gross that something was wrong, and almost at the same in- stant a red light in the hands of one of the bandits was swung in front of the train. This caused the engineer to immediately apply the air- brakes and stop the train. He was promptly covered with revolvers. The robbers ordered the engineer and fireman to accompany them to the express car, which they did. Messenger G. B. Wetzel, in charge of Adams Express Company's safe, being covered with re- volvers, opened the car door and also the safe. The robbers secured all the valuables therein contained. They also took the mail pouches. Having secured what booty they desired, they ordered the engineer and fireman to resume their respective places. The passengers were warned to secrete their treasures by Conductor Frank Murray, but this was unnecessary. At an early hour Thursday morning, January 18, 1894, five men, presumably those who figured in the foregoing case, robbed passen- ger train No. 3 on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. railroad at Roy's Branch. In less than five minutes from the time the train halted the express car had been looted and the bandits disappeared. Express Messen- ger C. E. Baxter was powerless, and was compelled to stand and witness one of the three men in the car hand the booty to his pals, who placed the parcels into sacks, after which they departed. The torpedo and red lantern were the means employed to halt the train. The mail coach in this instance was not molested, neither were the passengers. The firing of a number of shots by the bandits warned the postal clerks and passengers that something was wrong, whereat the clerks fastened all the doors of their car and hid under the pouches, while the passengers kept inside the coaches and were busy in secreting their money and jewelry. The job being completed,, the trainmen were stood in line on the west side of the track and the robbers took to the willows. Instead of pursuing its course, the train backed down to the Francis street depot, when the railroad and county officials were notified of the o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 257 robbery. Investigation proved that tlie men did not remain in tlie willows, but returned to the city, two of them riding in a buggy, while three walked. The vehicle was tracked for some distance. A notorious character named Pat Crow pleaded guilty to complicity in this robbery and was sent to the penitentiary for two yeats. The fourth attempt to rob a train in this vicinity was made on the night of March 2, 1894, the St. Joseph hill, three miles east of the city, being selected as the place and passenger train No. 18 on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific being the victim. The same plan was adopted by the bandits as had been successfully carried out in the two last escapades — the torpedo and the red lantern. The engineer, J. D. McKinney, slowed up his train when he observed the danger signal, but when he looked out and saw the armed and masked men he pulled the throttle wide open and ran the train through. While the train was in rapid motion the engineer was commanded to halt the train, but instead he dodged down in the cab, at the same time calling to the fireman to do the same thing. An examination, whgn the train reached Stockbridge, showed that the robbers had shot to kill, as the windows of the cab were broken and five bullets were buried in the woodwork near the spot where the engineer's head would have been had he not dodged. CHAPTER XXIIf. LEGAL EXECUTIONS.— OTIS JENNINGS, THE FIRST MAN TO DIE UPON THE SCAFFOLD IN BUCHANAN COUNTY.— EXECUTION OF GREEN, THE SLAVE, AND OF WILLIAM LINVILLE.— JOSEPH LANIER TAKEN FROM ST. JOSEPH TO SAVANNAH AND SHOT.— HANGING OF A. J. BOWZER AND HENRY GRIFFIN.— JACKSON JEFFERSON PUBLICLY SHOT. —GREEN WILLIS, A NEGRO, HANGED FOR MUR- DER.— THE EXECUTION OF JOHN GRABLE.— EXE- CUTION OF PETER HRONEK, THE FIRST PRIVATE HANGING IN THE COUNTY.— LOUIS BULLING HANGED AT SAVANNAH.— EXECUTION OF JOE BURRIES AND JIM POLLARD. The first legal execution to take place in Buchanan County was- that of Augustus Otis Jennings, which occurred on September 2, T'*^53- Sheriff Joseph B. Smith was the executioner, a scaffold having been erected southeast of the Patee House. Jennings and three others had murdered Edward E. Willard. The others were Wm. Langston, Jones and Anderson, but none of them suffered the extreme penalty of the law except Jen- nings. Langston was convicted of complicity, sentenced to the penitentiary, but was subsequently pardoned by Governor Robert M. Stewart. Of the others, the records only show that a change of venue was taken to neighboring counties. The murder of Willard, which occurred on July 27, 1852, in the brush north of the city, the location being at present in the corporate limits, was most attrocious. The victim was a man of family, a car- penter by trade, and also an auctioneer. He became indebted to the parties named above, and to others, and a supposition was enter- tained that he was about to leave the country. These men, solely, it seems, with the idea of extorting the money from him — he claim- ing to have money buried in the woods adjacent to a graveyard, took him to the brush. They were amply prepared, having in their posses- sion a rope, a pair of hand-cuffs and a cowhide. Upon arriving at the BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 259 point where it was said the money was secreted, Willard was threat- ened with torture provided the money was not forthcoming. Wil- lard, according to the confession of Jennings, seemed to be indiffer- ■ent, and finally declared he had no money. Upon this admission Langston, who took a leading part in the affair, commanded Willard to remove his shirt, which he did. They placed hand-cuffs upon him, and with a rope, procured by Jennings, the victim was "bound to a tree and the cowhide and switches applied until life was •extinct. Arrests followed and Jennings made a full confession, detailing all the events connected with it. His trial resulted in a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree within thirty minutes after the ■evidence was given to the jury. An appeal was taken to the su- preme court of the state, which tribunal sustained the action of the lower court. Many friends, among whom were Revs. Vandeventer and Boyakin, interceded with Governor Sterling Price in his behalf, hut without avail. Sheriff Smith summoned Captain Hughes of the Robidoux ■Grays, the only militia organization in the city, to escort the proces- sion to the scaffold to preserve order. About 8,oco people were present at the execution. The prisoner firmly ascended the scaffold, expressed the hope that he would die easy, and also a firm faith in Christ. Contrary to his hope, however, he struggled long and died "hard. In the early part of July, 1859, a young negro slave, who had teen purchased in the section of country northeast of St. Joseph, Tcilled Francis Marion Wright, a slave, buyer, who was bringing him to St. Joseph. Green was tried, convicted and sentenced to hang. The execution took place on December 2, 1859. Jonathan M. Bas- •sett was state's attorney and Judge Elijah Norton was on the bench. Michael Morgan was sheriff and executioner, with Wash Brown and Sam D. Cowan assistants. It appears that while en route to the city in a buggy, the negro, by some means, came into possession of a pistol belonging to Wright, and shot him through the "head, the wound proving fatal at once. The deed was committed on the road running through a heavy body ■of timber between Rochester and St. Joseph. Wright's corpse re- mained in the buggy and in a short time the horse, with its ghastly burden, swerved from the main road and stopped at the residence of 200 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Thomas Hubbard, in the vicinity. The alarm was given and it was soon learned who was the guilty party. December 2, 1859, was a cold and bleak day, but notwithstand- ing that fact a large number of curious spectators gathered a,t Fowler's Grove, south of the city, to witness the execution. A rude scaffold had been erected, four poles having been sunk into the frozen ground and a rickety platform placed thereon. Among those who mounted the insecure structure were Sheriff Morgan, Deputy Wash Brown, Rev. Fackler, who conducted religious services, and several physicians. The Emmet Guards, under Daniel T. Lysaght, forrried an escort from the jail. The executioner was a bungler. When the trap was sprung the condemned man secured a hold upon the rope, and braced him- self against the side of the trap with his elbows. Sheriff Morgan pried the victim loose, and after admonishing him to "behave like a gentleman," forced his body through the trap. Green cared Httle for this life or for future existence. He was a great lover of the good things of the earth, especially of liquor and eatables. Several physicians in the city took a fancy to him and gratified his every want. When those who had buried the body in the county cemetery, north of the city, were returning they met the physicians en route to the graveyard. Green had sold his body to them. One dark night in July, 1863, a number of men, said to have be- longed to Joe Hart's gang of bushwhackers, entered the home of a man by the name of Burns, in Andrew County. During an alterca- tion which ensued George Henry, son-in-law of Burns, was killed. Burns and another man were wounded and the marauders escaped. Subsequently a young man by the name of William Linville, only nineteen years of age, was apprehended as one of the gang, and charged with the murder. The military authorities had possession of the city and surrounding country, but young Linville was, from some reason or other, turned over to the state authorities for trial. Judge Silas Woodson was on the circuit court bench at that time, having control of civil as well as criminal cases. A trial was held in September, and on the 29th of the same month a verdict of murder in the first degree was returned. Sentence of death upon the gallows was at once imposed, and Friday, November 6, set for the day of exe- cution. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 261 The hanging took place at noon a few rods southeast of the Patee House, now McDonald's factory. The hills adjacent were cov- ered by many witnesses of the sad scene. The cortege left the jail, preceded by two companies of the Ninth cavalry, followed by Captain Dolman's company, guarding the prisoner. The condemned youth rode in a light double-seated carriage, seated between the Rev. Dr. Dulin, his spiritual adviser, and Barnes, the jailer, with Deputy Sheriff Matney in the same convey- ance. He was followed by Sheriff Enos Craig and his assistants, and an express wagon, wherein was an empty coffin. The young man was calm and self-possessed to a remarkable de- gree. Being granted permission to speak, he said : "The witnesses who swore against me swore to the wrong man. You hang an innocent man. You take the life of the wrong- person. I left the Confederate army on the 20th of May last, and, since then, have never fired a gun or pistol at any human being. The witnesses who swore that I killed that man were mistaken. I did no crime, but it can't be helped now. Remember, all of you, that I die innocent. I am perfectly willing and ready to die, for I expect to find rest in another world. I die an innocent man." When the time approached for the execution, a prayer was of- fered, after which, with unfaltering step, Linville approached the drop in the platform and stood unmoved while the sheriff, assisted by the physicians, adjusted the fatal noose. A glove was placed in his fingers, which was to be dropped by him to indicate his readiness, the black cap was drawn over his face, the minister and all on the platform bade him good-bye. At a few minutes before 12 o'clock he dropped the glove, the cord was cut and all was over. In four minutes life was extinct. The corpse was taken to the H. & St. J. depot, delivered to his mother and taken to Chillicothe for burial. Joseph Lanier, who was tried by a military commission in this city, was excuted at Savannah, June 10, 1864. The crimes for which he was convicted, under three charges and specifications, were : "Encouraging and aiding rebellion against the United States," "Vio- lating allegiance to same," and "violating laws and customs of war." It was charged that he, with other marauders, burned a mill belong- ing to a Mr. Caldwell at Rochester, Andrew County. Lanier was a native of Tennessee, and became an orphan at an early age. In the fall of 1861 the Confederates under Colonels Boyd 262 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH and Patton formed a camp near Rochester, which Joseph and his two brothers joined. Tiring of Hfe in camp he returned and became a member of the celebrated Hart gang. He was subsequently ar- rested by Major Bassett and Captain Davenport of this city, tried by military commission and sentenced to be shot. He was sent to the Alton penitentiary, where he remained nearly two years, awaiting a final decision in his case. The verdict was affirmed and he was sent back to be executed. A military escort accompanied the condemned man to Savan- nah from the H. & St. J. depot in this city. The details were all ar- ranged and carried out under the directions of Captain Theodore Griswold. At noon the prisoner walked between two ministers of the gospel to the place of execution, a few rods northeast of the depot. A coffin was placed before him, and facing the coffin and his executioners, Lanier uncovered his head while Rev. A. H. Powell uttered a prayer. He was unmoved and unconcerned when the death warrant was read, and when he was asked if he desired to be blindfolded, he replied, "Just as you please." He was requested to kneel by his coffin, which he did. Six bullets pierced his body. Upon the breast of the corpse, suspended by a black string around the neck, was a picture of the Virgin Mary, and in his pocket a crucifix, given him by a Catholic priest who had visited him in jail. In the case of A. J. Bowzer of Linn County, charged with being a robber and guerilla, a member of Holtsclaw's band, the work of the military commission was quick. The evidence, in their minds, was conclusive of guilt. If it is true, as is said, that the testimony of one side only was taken, a decision was not difficult to arrive at. Bowzer was tried on September 8, 1864, and his execution was ordered to take place on the 9th — the next day. The gallows was erected a short distance below where the K. C, St. J. & C. B. roundhouse is now located. When the prisoner mounted the platform his step was firm and not a gleam of fear was depicted on his countenance. Lieutenant Harding, provost mar- shal, officiated, and at a signal from him the trap was sprung. On the 23d day of the same month, in accord with the finding of the same tribunal, Henry A. Griffith, said to have been a member of the same company of soldiers as Bowzer, was executed on the same scaffold. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 263 On August 27, 1864, while drinking in a saloon in the southern part of the city, known as the "Cottage Home," a soldier by the name of Jackson Jefferson became enraged at a fellow soldier and struck him over the heart with a stick of cord-wood, death resulting at once. Jefferson was sentenced by the court-martial to be executed on October 22, the place of execution being arranged for in the vicinity of the Patee House. When the guards arrived at the jail to take him they found the door barricaded by the prisoner. He threatened death to the first one who entered. After some time, however, he yielded peacefully. He was placed in an ambulance, and, sitting on his coffin, was conveyed to the fatal spot. At 4:30 o'clock p. m. the prisoner marched to the center of the square, where his coffin hac' been arranged. When all preparations had been made, the man having given up all hope, a message was hurriedly delivered, givin;\ him one week's respite. At 2 o'clock on Friday, October 29, the time of the respite ex- pired, and he was again escorted to the execution grounds. At the provost marshal's office he entrusted to a friend a number of letters, among which was one to his mother. Some difficulty was experi- enced by the officials in adjusting the handcuffs, when the prisoner, with composure, assisted in placing them in position. Having been blindfolded, he knelt beside his coffin. A platoon of soldiers leveled their muskets. Four bullets penetrated the condemned man's frame — two almost severing his head, one passing through his breast, and one through the left shoulder. November 9, 1865, Jacob T. Kuhn, a tenant of J. C. Roberts, about four miles east of the city, on the One Hundred and Two River road, was killed while en route home from the city, his body being discovered a few rods from his house. It was found that Kuhn had been murdered and robbed, an axe which he had taken to town being near him, covered with blood and hair. No clue was discovered as to the guilty party until December 20, 1865, when Green WilHs and Charles Clark, negroes, were arrested, charged with the murder of John Lohr, on the Brierly farm in Marion Township, a short time previous. Upon being examined before Justice J. C. Robidoux, Clark, the younger of the two, made a confession, which cleared up both the murder of Kuhn and Lohr, fastening the guilt upon Green Willis. The testimony was to the effect that Clark and 264 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Willis overtook John Lohr on the public highway, and Green Willis made a proposition to kill him, saying he had money. Clark as- sented, whereupon WilHs struck Lohr upon the head with a stone, after which both dragged the body to a slough in Brierly's field. Clark had heard of the killing of Kuhn, and at that time Willis told him that he (Willis) had committed the act with an axe, and that he had thereby secured the sum of $25. A special session of the circuit court was convened on Monday, January 22, when the jury, within five minutes after the evidence was closed, returned a verdict of "guilty" against Green WilHs, convict- ing him of both the murder of Jacob Kuhn and John Lohr and fixing the punishment at death. The date of execution was set for March i, 1866. On that day a large number of people came to the city. The scaffold, which was located on the bottom land in the southern part of the city, was surrounded by at least 5,000 people. The prisoner was attended by Rev. J. M. Wilkerson and Rev. Adam Dimitt, both ministers of negro churches in this city. Sheriff Ransom Ridge was the execu- tioner. The prisoner was informed that he had but a few minutes to live and was urged to make a full confession, which he did. He re- quested that his body be given to his wife for burial. Charles Clark, the young negro associated with Willis, was con- victed as an accessory and imprisoned for life, but it is said that he has been pardoned and is at large. August 22, 1870, John Grable was executed for the murder of Joel Drake, Sheriff Irving Fish being the executioner. Although neither the evidence nor the confession established the exact locality in which the murder was committed, the defendant was indicted, tried and convicted in Buchanan County, Judge I. C. Parker being upon the bench. On January 6, 1870, John Grable went to Parkville, Mo., for the purpose of securing a coffin in which the bury Joel Drake, first mak- ing arrangements with neighbors for the grave, etc. Statements made by him as to the manner in which deceased came to his death caused suspicion in the minds of some, and on January 9 an affidavit was filed before Justice Saltzman in this city by one Daniel Bender, in M hich he stated that he believed that on or before January 2 John Grable had murdered Joel Drake. Grable and Drake were brothers-in-law, both residents of Platte BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 265 County, and the former had accompanied the latter to Gentry County in a wagon to secure money due Drake for property sold by him in that county, he having formerly resided there. The evidence tended to show that the deceased secured a check for $475 on a St. Joseph bank; that the parties were seen together at several points between Albany, Gentry County, and St. Joseph ; that the check was cashed by Grable on the 3rd day of January; that Drake was not seen alive in St. Joseph ; that Grable put his team in a feed lot in the city, at the same time warning the owner thereof that it would be dangerous to venture near the wagon, as a vicious dog was kept therein; that he drove the team to Halls Station, at which place Mary Nolan, a sister of Grable's wife, got into the wagon, the dead man meanwhile lying in the rear portion of the vehicle ; that they then drove to their home near Parkville, where the body was buried. John Grable made a statement to his brother, sister-in-law and others that he and Drake arrived in St. Joseph on Saturday, January I ; that Drake cashed the check, giving him $120 to hand to Drake's wife ; that they stopped at a boarding house not far from the Black- snake ; that he saw nothing of Drake until Sunday afternoon, when he found him dead in a questionable house in the vicinity; that the body was rolled into' a blanket and placed in the wagon by three women, who threatened, in case he divulged anything, to swear the crime of murder against him. Acting upon the statement in the affidavit, a- coroner's inquest rendered a verdict that the deceased came to his death at the hands of unknown parties, and on the Sunday following, armed with a warrant sworn out before Justice Saltzman, Sheriff Fish went to Platte County after Grable, and brought him to St, Joseph. A preliminary examination was held and the accused bound over to await the action of the grand jury, which found a true bill against him. The trial was set for Wednesday, May 25, 1870. A change of venue was asked, but denied by Judge Parker, and the case went to trial. Circumstantial evidence proved Grable's guilt, and a verdict of murder in the first degree was rendered June i. He was setitenced to be executed on Friday, August 20, 1870, but Judge Henry S. Tutt, his lawyer, petitioned Governor J. W. McClurg for a respite, which was granted until September 9. Before the day of execution arrived the condemned man made a confession of guilt, in which he admitted the killing, detailing every fact in connection therewith, and when on the scaffold he reiterated the substance of his previous statement. 266 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH When ther hour for leaving the jail arrived, at noon, Grable, accompanied by Sheriff Fish, with his deputies, Charles Springer and Captain Lund, marched out of the jail yard and entered an open wagon in waiting to convey him to the place of doom. At this junc- ture the sheriff remarked that it was about the noon hour, and asked Grable if he did not desire his dinner. The prisoner read- ily accepted the invitation, remarking, "I always eat when I can get it." He ate a hearty meal. The repast completed, he again entered the wagon, seated himself upon his coffin, and was conveyed to the place of execution, located in the southern part of the city. The cortege was accompanied by mounted guards, under com- mand of Captain Saltzman, who, upon arrival at the grounds, formed a cordon around the scaffold. Grable asked for whisky, which was furnished him, and also asked permission to make a statement, as untruthful reports had been published about him. He openly confessed the murder, and gave a warning to those within his hearing to avoid the use of intoxicants, as by that means he was brought to his present position. During the preparations for the final act he gave instructions as to the placing of the rope around his neck. Soon the body shot down, the drop being about eight feet, and within a few seconds life was extinct. The first private execution in the county occurred on June 30, 1888. On April 16, 1887, Peter Hronek, a Bohemian, who lived with his wife and one little child at 1705 Olive street, cruely murdered the woman by shooting her with a pistol. Hronek was drunk when he committed this cpme. He was convicted and sentenced to be hanged, August 19, 1887, being fixed as the day of execution ; but the case was taken to the supreme court. The lower court was sustained, and the condemned man was legally put to death on the scaffold in the jail yard on June 30, 1888, at 1 :30 o'clock p. m. Sheriff Joseph Andriano was the officer in charge. Hronek was attended by Father Kryzwonos of the Polish Catholic Church. ^ * * On Sunday afternoon, March 8, 1888, a tragedy occurred at the Herbert House, corner of Fourth and Charles streets, this city. Louis BulHng, a young man born and reared in this city, who had "been separated from his wife, called at the hotel, where she was employed, and asked to see her. After a short conversation he shot her while she was kneeling by a trunk in search of a picture of their child, which Bulling; had requested. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 267 Bulling was tried, found guilty of murder in the first degree, and sentenced to be hanged. The case was appealed and remanded. A change of venue was then taken to Andrew County, and in March, 1889, the case came up for trial. The jury stood six for acquittal and six for conviction. In the following May the case was again tried and Bulling was convicted. The case was again appealed to the supreme court, which sustained the decision. The date of the execution was set for March 6, 1891, to take place at Savannah. Sheriff Berry of Andrew County secured the gallows upon which Peter Hronek had been hanged and made other preparations. How- ever, a respite was granted to April 17, 1891. On the night of April 10, Bulling sawed the jail bars and escaped. He was captured at Chicago in the latter part of June and returned to Savannah on July 3, 1891. On the night of July 4, 1891, he made an unsuccessful at- tempt to suicide with morphine. Bulling was again sentenced, and September 4 set for the date of execution. The governor's 'clemency was invoked, but was re- fused. On the night before the execution the condemned man was much disturbed in mind, although he had a slim hope that his friends would be able to secure a commutation of his sentence to life impris- onment. It was expected that the execution would take place early on the morning of September 4, but it was delayed by the sheriff. The condemned man begged for a few hours' lease of life, and the hour was set for 2 o'clock. In the meantime the militia company was called out. Shortly before the fatal hour, Bulling, together with his spiritual adviser, went into his cell. Scared}' had the door closed before two shots were heard. Upon entering, the officers found Bulling wel- tering in his own blood. Both bullets had taken effect. For fear that the law would be cheated out of a victim, four stalwart men took hold of Bulling, who fought like a demon, and conveyed him to the scaffold, placing him in a chair. At 3 :i8 the drop fell. Joseph Burries, known as "Dusty," a young negro, was hanged by Sheriff Andriano and his deputies at the jail on May 12, 1895, He had been convicted of criminally assaulting a little white girl on July 30, 1894. The sentence was pronounced by Judge Silas Wood- son. Though a strong petition was sent to Governor Stone, the executive refused to commute the sentence, but granted a stay of execution. On the night of December 31, 1894, Burries escaped 268 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH from jail, in company with Pat Crow and three others, but instead of leaving he country, as had been planned, he could not resist the temptation of again seeing his wife, and was captured the next night while in company with her in a room on Francis street. The last night before the execution was an eventful one within the gloorny walls of the old bastile. A number of negro ministers called, and Burries joined in the religious services with much earnestness. The colored quartette, all prisoners, sang religious songs, the singing being joined in by Burries. Between i and 2 o'clock the next morning, the fatal day, the condemned man awoke, sang a hymn and uttered an earnest prayer. Religious services were held that morning, and then Burries started a religious negro song entitled, "I Don't Want You to Grieve After Me," in which the negroes present joined with fervor. It was a weird performance. The condemned man then knelt in prayer, at the conclusion of which he marched in his stocking feet to the center of the platform where hung the fatal noose. He died without a struggle. On Friday, June 25, 1897, James Pollard, a negro youth, was executed by James Hull, sheriff, on a scaffold erected in the jail yard. July 30, 1895, Pollard, who was born and reared in the vicinity of DeKalb, returned to that neighborhood, after an absence of some time, went to the residence of Dave Irwin, another negro, with whom he had previously had trouble, and made an attempt to kill him. In shooting at Dave Irwin he shot Joseph Irwin instead, death resulting a short time afterward. Pollard made his escape, being at large for some time, but was finally captured at Gallatin, Mo. He was tried twice for the crime, a conviction following both times. The case was appealed to the supreme court, and a strong effort was also made for a commutation of sentence. The supreme court sustained the lower court, the gov- ernor refused to interfere, and Pollard was hanged. He was very pious during his last hours. CHAPTER XXiV. SOME OF THE CASULTIES THAT HAA^E OCCURRED IN BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH.— THE PLATTE RIVER BRIDGE DISASTERS.— COLLAPSE OF NAVE & McCORD'S BUILDING AND DEATH OF NINE PERSONS.— THE DROWNING OF FIVE GIRLS AT LAKE CONTRARY.— EXPLOSION OF DAN- FORTH'S FLUID AND THE KILLING OF THREE NEGROES.— THE EARTHQUAKE OF 1867 AND SEV- ERAL DESTRUCTIVE STORMS SINCE THEN.— A LIST OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FIRES. A complete list of casualties that have occurred since the settle- ment of Buchanan County would alone make a book of considerable size. In this chapter only a few of the more notable mishaps will be briefly mentioned. The Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad bridge over Platte River, east of the city, was the scene of several disasters. On September 21, 1859, the bridge went down under the weight of a train. Several were killed. On September 3, 1861, occurred what is generally known as the Platte River bridge disaster. The bridge had been burned, presumably by bushwhackers, who were expecting a regi- ment of soldiers whom they hoped to destroy by wrecking the train. Instead, however, a passenger train dashed at full speed into the chasm. Stephen Cutler, the conductor; Frank Clark, the engineer; Charles W. Moore, the fireman, two brakemen and twelve passen- gers were killed. Early in the following November, while a regi- ment was crossing the swollen stream on a pontoon bridge, a heavy log dashed against the structure, causing destruction and loss of life. Seven were drowned, among them the wives of two soldiers. Another notable accident of the early days was the collapse of Nave & McCord's store building and the loss of life. This building, a three-story brick, stood upon the site of the building on the west side of Third street, north of Felix, occupied by C. D. Smith's wholesale 270 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH grocery, and afterward by McCord & Collins' wholesale grocery. Directly north, and below the grade of the street, was a frame double tenement, one side of which was occupied by the family of Samuel Harburger, a merchant, related to the Binswanger family of this city, and the other side by a family whose names could not be learned. On the morning of July 5, i860, fire broke out in the tipper floor of the Nave & McCord building, then occupied by that firm. There was no fire department in those days, nor were there many police, and the walls collapsed before the general alarm was given. The debris com- pletely covered the tenement and Mr. Harburger, his wife, two chil- dren and servant girl perished, as did also four members of the other family. Two of Nave & McCord's clerks — WilHam Hudnut and Henry Mitchem — who slept in the second story, had a narrow escape. In the collapse the timbers had so fallen as to protect these men in- stead of crushing them, and they were rescued from their perilous position by volunteers. Mr. Hudnut is still a resident of the city. The insurance companies refused to pay the loss on the building upon the ground that the collapse had occurred before the fire. The case was tried at St. Louis, and after eight years of litigation resulted favorably to Nave & McCord. It was proved by a traveling man, representing a flour mill at Beloit, Wis., that the building was on fire for some time before the collapse. He was a guest at the Patee House, and had been unable to sleep owing to the hot weather. Seated at his window, he noticed the flames and watched the progress of the fire for some time before he heard the crash. About 3 o'clock on the evening of May 13, 1864, a powder maga- zine, situated on the northern extremity of Prospect Hill, exploded. Near a hole in the ground, where the magazine had stood, the bleed- ing, bruised and burning body of a boy was found. Another body was found some distance away. The bodies were those of James McEnery and James Morrison. There had been several other boys in the crowd, who were more, or less seriously injured. The boys had lighted a match and thrown it into a crevice in the magazine. St. Joseph was violently shaken by an earthquake on April 24, 1867. The shock occurred at 2:35 o'clock in the afternoon. At first there was an ominous rumbling sound, then a rocking move- ment from east to west and west to east, which continued for twentv BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 271 seconds. The alarmed populace sought the streets and there was intense excitement. The public school buildings shook, the plaster- ing cracked, huge seams being observed in the walls; the children screamed and the teachers, being bewildered and perplexed, dis- missed the frightened pupils and hastened to their homes. Never tefore was there such consternation in the city. In a few seconds the air was as calm, the earth as tranquil, the face of nature as placid and everything as harnionious as though nothing unusual had occurred. No damage was done to property. A second shock n^as felt in Sep- tember of 1 87 1, when there were fears that the old court house would collapse. A third shock was felt in the autumn of 1896. Early on the morning of February 23, 1868, fire destroyed the Allen House stables on South Fourth street, owned by Brooks & Maupin. It was necessary to use water from an immense cistern, which was located south of the city hall. While walking around the engine, George Slocumb, engineer at Hauck's mill, fell into the cis- tern and drowned before assistance could reach him. On the night of December 15, 1868, the Pacific House burned. This was regarded as one of the most expensive conflagrations up to that time. * * * On Sunday morning, January 23, 1870, at about 4 o'clock, fire destroyed a brick row of buildings on the west side of Second street, near a bridge which then spanned Blacksnake creek. All the in- mates, with the exception of one young man, who was in an inebri- ated condition, in a room of a resort known as the "Rosebud," made their escape, and his body was afterwards recovered, burned to a cinder. When the firemen had finished their work, and were prepar- ing to leave, they were called back by the discovery of the remains of this victim. While engaged in removing debris, a wall fell, cover- ing Frank Y. Heill, Arthur Colburn, Julius Sidekum, Blass Argus, Julius Gishe, all firemen, and John W. Clifford, a colored man. All were rescued, after heroic work, except Clifford, who was killed by the falling wall. Blass Argus, a member of the Hook and Ladder Company, was so severely injured that he soon expired. 272 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Perhaps the most disastrous storm in the history of St. Joseph occurred on the night of July 13, 1871. The weather had been sultry and threatening all day, but the storm did not burst until at about 9 o'clock at night. Francis Street Methodist church was struck by lightning and badly damaged. The Pacific House roof was removed, the Everett, the Neeley, the Webster and the Fourth Street Colored schools were unroofed. The convent of the Sacred Heart lost a por- tion of its roof, as also did St. Patrick's school on South Twelfth street. The estimated damages to property were over $150,000. No lives were lost in the city, though lumber and debris of all de- scriptions were ilyibg about and the people panic-stricken. A sad affair occurred in the country. At the residence of James Keiger, five miles east of the city, were a number of people, among the guests being Mrs. Lucy Lovell and her two little children. When the storm was at its height Mrs. Lovell, who was with her babes in an upper story, brought them down and paced them in the bed of Mr. and Mrs. Keiger. While kneeling in prayer for their safety a bolt of lightning laid the loving mother low. Penetrating into the hallway the same bolt struck and killed Harry R. Blakemore of St. Joseph, who was also a guest at Mr. Keiger's. On the night of September 3, 1873, a tornado destroyed the ex- position buildings that were in the course of construction near the present site of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. shops. Other serious damage was also done. On Sunday, July 23, 1876, a boat containing a party of pleasure- seekers, capsized in Lake Contrary and five girls were drowned. The party was in charge of Otto Gross. Beside himself, seated in the boat were Misses Clara Kratt, Rosa Muench, Sophia Seitz, Mathilde Zimmer and Mathilde Gross, the daughter of Mr. Gross. A distance of about three miles had been traversed, and when return- ing, and when within less than a hundred yards from the shore which they had left, little Clara Kratt and Cora Muench, who occupied the seat in the rear of the frail craft, began to reach out and gather water lilies, causing the skiff to dip to one side. This was continued until the boat capsized, and in an instant the six unfortunate persons were struggHng in twelve feet of water. Mr. Gross succeeded in reaching each of the girls and placed their hands on the boat, but in their desperate efforts to regain a position in the boat it was again overturned and once more they were plunged under the treacher- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 273 ous waves. Mr. Gross again seized his child and attempted to save her, at least. With his burden he was making good progress, when another one of the girls seized him about the neck. This action placed him in such a position that all hope was gone, and he was com- pelled to free himself from both in order to save his own life. He made for the shore, but ere he reached it he was taken with cramps, and but for the timely arrival of a man in a skiff, he, too, would have drowned. The bodies were all recovered. The body of Miss Zim- mer was buried from the residence of her father on the following afternoon. The funeral of the others was an impressive affair. The fire department's hook and ladder truck was improvised into a hearse, which was draped in white and black crape, and beautifully ornamented with flowers and evergreens. The procession was formed in front of Mr. Kratt's residence on Messanie street, where the first coffin was placed in position. Each house of mourning was visited in turn, and the four coffins placed side by side. The hearse was drawn by four white horses. The cortege then took its line of march to Ashland cemetery, preceded by Rosenblatt's brass band. Then came the hearse, and following this was the band wagon in which were seated a number of the girls who comprii^ed the lake party when their companions lost their lives, each bearing in her hands a wreath of flowers. There were over 150 carriages and buggies con- taining sorrowing relatives and friends. The Odd Fellow building at Fifth and Felix and the furniture store of Louis Hax, which joined it on the south, were burned on the night of January 29, 1879. The Odd Fellow building' was occupied h\ J. W. Bailey & Co., with an extensive dry goods store. The entire loss was about $200,000. The site of these buildings is now covered by the block occupied by Townsend & Wyatt, Jones, Town- send & Shireman and the Louis Hax Furniture Company. The burned buildings faced Fifth street. A grewsome accident occurred on the night of May 23, 1881. A negro resort was kept by George Cunnigan on the jouth side of Edmond street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, in a building owned by Dr. Wm. Leach. The basement of this building was di- vided into two parts, one part being used in connection with the re- sort and the other for the storage of an illuminant known as Dan- 274 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH forth's fluid. On the night mentioned there were about twenty-five negroes in the saloon, playing cards and enjoying themselves. There was to be rehearsal of a prospective minstrel troop in the basement, and at about 8 :30 John Hicks, one of the artists, went below stairs to light up the basement room. Forty barrels of fluid had been stored in the adjoining basement room that day, and both rooms were filled \vith the fumes of the highly inflammable fluid. When Hicks struck a match an explosion occurred which was heard throughout the city and the shock of which was felt for quite a distance. The building was wrecked. Hicks, Billy Williams and the bartender, Charles Dunlap, who weighed 320 pounds, were killed. Fourteen negroes, congregated about the place, were more or less seriously injured, and considerable damage was done to neighboring property by the force of the explosion. On the night of April 3, 1885, during a severe thunder storm, lightning struck- the magazine of the Hazard Powder Company, located on Prospect Hill. The explosion that followed shattered many windows in the business district, the loss on plate glass having footed up over $2,000. The following are the dates of some of the famous fires since 1880: Hannibal & St. Joseph elevator. Sixth and Lafayette streets, January 13, 1883; tank of Standard Oil Company, September 10, 1883 ; court house, March 28, 1885 ; C. D. Smith's wholesale grocery house, October 20, 1885; New Era Exposition, September 15, 1889; James Casey's sale stables, Fourth and Messanie. streets, No- vember 10, 1889; Hax furniture factory, Seventh and Angelique streets, December 13, 1890; Kennard Grocer Company, Fourth and Angelique streets, March i, 1891 ; Gregg's elevator, September 23, 1891 ; Wyeth's hardware house. Third street, near FeHx street, No- vember 2, 1891 ; Union street car barns, November 30, 1891 ; J. B. Brady & Co., carpets, January 13, 1892; R. K. Allen's planing mill, Second and Francis streets, April 6, 1892. Center block and Commercial block, at Sixth and Edmund streets, burned September 25, 1893. Center block was totally de- stroyed. It was occupied by the Townsend, Wyatt & Emery Dry Goods Company. North of it stood the Hoagland building, oc- cupied by the Regnier & Shoup Crockery Company. This building and contents were also destroyed. The Commercial block, opposite BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 275 Center block was partially destroyed. The Carbry block, on the east was also damaged. The total loss was over half a million dol- lars. The fire started on the top floor of the Townsend, Wvatt & Emery Company's store, at about 9 o'clock in the morning, and spread rapidly. There was a strong breeze and the entire business portion of the city was in danger. The department <:ould make no headway with the fire and it was far in the afternoon before they got it under control. The burned buildings have been replaced, though the present Center block (Hotel Donovan) is not so high by one story as was the original. The Bennett Lumber Company's stock, on Middleton street and Lincoln school, burned July 24, 1894. Meierhoffer's cooper shop. South Fifth street, was totally destroyed August 27, 1894. There was a fire at Joseph Tullar's livery stable in which eight horses per- ished November 24, 1894. The Union Depot burned on the night of February 9, 1895. The St. Joseph pump factory, on Lake boule- vard, burned May 13, 1895. The old freight house of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, located at Seventh and Olive streets, used by the Missouri Pacific road, was destroyed on Saturday morning, November 24, 1895. The office was the only portion of the building saved. This building was one of the landmarks of St. Joseph, having been built by the Hannibal & St. Joseph road in i860. Saturday night, February 22, 1896, the extensive feed stables and liver}'- bam of Ducate & Grantham, on Edmond street, between Seventh and Eighth, were destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of nearly $50,000. Sixty horses and many fine carriages were burned.. CHAPTER XXV. THE FAIRS OF FORMER DAYS.— THE FIRST EFFORT, WHEN THE GROUNDS WERE LOCATED ON NORTH ELEVENTH STREET.— THE FAIRS AT THE EAST END OF FREDERICK AVENUE.— THE ELABORATE EFFORT ON LOWER SIXTH STREET.— THE INTER- STATE EXPOSITION AT FOWLER'S GROVE.— THE LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF THE NEW ERA EXPOSI- TION.— VARIOUS EFFORTS AT THE PRESENT FAIR GROUNDS. Among the pioneers of Buchanan County were many men of in- telHgence, who early reaHzed the importance of competitive exhibi- tions of native products in advancing the spirit of enterprise and con- sequent improvement of all that pertains to excellence in agricultural, mechanical and domestic pursuits. In 1854 a Fair association was formed with General Robert Wilson (afterwards United States Sena- tor) as president, William M. Irvine as vice-president, Albe M. Sax- ton as treasurer and Wellington A. Cunningham as secretary. Grounds were secured in what is now the northern part of the city, being on Eleventh street, south of Grand avenue, but what was then in the country. This fair was the first, and therefore a great event for the entire Platte country. Seven hundred dollars worth of gold and silver plate premiums were offered and the world was invited to compete. September 19,- 20 and 21, 1854, were the days and the Ga- zette of September 20 says : "Yesterday was a proud day for our county. It was the first day of the first agricultural fair ever held in the county. There was a large concourse of ladies and gentlemen present. Great interest was manifested. The St. Joseph band was there and added much to the interest of the occasion. Mr. Silas Woodson delivered a very able and eloquent address on the subject of agriculture, and, though he had but little time for preparation, he did himself and the subject great credit." There were no races, but there was Hvely competition for pre- miums on live sitock and the products of the housewife and the BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 277 artisan, as will be seen by the following excerpt from the Hst of awards : "Best specimen mixed jeans, a beautiful article— premium to Mrs. J. P. Bryan of Buchanan. "Plaid linsey — premium to same lady, $2. "White linsey — premium to William Gartin of Buchanan, $2. "Woolen blankets, premium to Mrs. P. J. Bryan of Buchanan, $5. "Satinet, premium to N. Buel of Buchanan, $5. "Cotton quilt, premium to Mrs. Rosana Porter of Buchanan, $10." There were premiums for needlework, knitting, etc. Also for the best two-horse wagon, the best set of chairs and sofa manufac- tured at home, best sets of harness, best saddles, best tinware, best flour, best buggy, best chickens, best butter, best fruits, vegetables, best jellies and preserves. In fact it was a genuine old-fashioned fair, which was well attended and which pleased the people so well that it was repeated for six years in succession, the last time in the autumn of i860. The civil war put an end to fairs and no effort was made to revive them until July of 1867, when the St. Joseph Agricultural and Mechanical Association was organized with General Robert Wilson as president, Thos. B. Weakley as vice-president, Albe M. Saxton as treasurer and Charles B. France as secretary. The capital stock was $15,000, divided into shares of $100 each, and the money was promptly subscribed. As an incidental evidence of the political con- dition of those times it may be mentioned that the records of this association state that at the meeting held August 6, 1868, the oath of loyalty was signed by all the directors, which oath was filed in the office of the county clerk. A twenty-acre tract, at the head of Fred- erick avenue, on which had formerly been located a rope walk, was purchased from Bassett & Ensworth for $400 an acre. The fair was held four days, beginning October 29, 1867, and was pronounced a success. The association continued with various fo;tunes until the end of 1871, its last fair being held in December of that year. The grounds had been mortgaged to the Life Association of America and were sold under the deed of trusit at the request of the stockholders. Goldsmith Maid trotted a mile in 2 .-iSJ on the last day of the fair. No fairs were held at St. Joseph during 1872, but in 1873 a grand effort was made. It was no longer a plain fair, but an exposition. 278 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH An association was formed with Captain George Lyon as president, I. G. Kappner as treasurer and Edward Fleischer as secretary and general superintendent. Grounds were leased southwest of the city limits, and elaborate buildings erected. Every indication pointed to success when an unexpected calamity befel. On the night of September 3, 1873, ^ tornado struck the exposition grounds, demolishing the main buildings and seriously damaging the art and power halls. The contractor, George Herbst, was financially ruined by the catastrophe. The demoHshed buildings were promptly re- constructed and the exposition opened on the appointed day, Sep- tember 29. The receipts of the week were over $28,000, and but for the tornado, there would have been a handsome net financial result. In 1874 a new corporation was formed, assuming the debts on the build- ings. The officers of this association were : James N. Burnes, presi- dent ; George H. Hall, vice-president ; George Lyon, superintendent and manager; H. R. W. Hartwig, treasurer, and J. M. Varnum, sec- retary. The exposition opened September 7, 1874, closing Septem- ber 12, and the receipts were $22,500. There was a half-mile track at these grounds and there was good racing at each fair. In 1875, with Colonel Burnes as president and J. T. Imbrie as secretary, the receipts were $20,000. The fourth exposition opened September 25, 1876, with Captain Lyon as president and J-. T. Im- brie as secretary. A great feature of the exposition during its last three years was the old settlers' meeting. The association was dis- solved at the close of the effort of 1877. In 1878 Buchanan County had no fair. However, it was not in the nature of things that this should continue long. In August of 1S79 *^he St. Joseph I'Cxpcis^ition Association was organized with a capital stock oi $12,000, divided into 1,200 shares of $10 each. The incorporators were Samuel M. Nave, John Abell, Edward Kuechle, L. G. Hunger and Dr. J. M. D. France. The first officers were: Samuel M. Nave, president; H. R. W. Hartwig, vice-president; Ed- ward J. Kuechle, treasurer, and J. T. Imbrie, secretary. A tract at the foot of Eleventh street and extending west toward Sixth, known as Fowler's grove, was leased for a term of ten years and suitable buildings and a race track "were at once constructed. The grounds were accessible by two street car lines and also by railroad trains. The first fair commenced Monday, September 29, 1879, ^"^d con- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 279 tinued for a week. Though it rained every day, the venture was considered a success by its projectors and from that time until the end of the season in 1888 a fair was held each year, generally during the first part of September. Major Hartwig succeeded Mr. Nave as president ; the late Charles F. Ernst succeeded Mr. Imbrie as secre- tary in 1881 and continued as such until the association dissolved. Early in 1889, when St. Joseph was proud with prosperity, when the spirit of enterprise was upon the people, and when nothing was too big to undertake, it was decided to have an exposition, the mag- nitude and novelty of which would overshadow not only all previous efforts at home, but elsewhere in the West. Sioux City had aston- ished the world with a corn palace, Denver with a mineral palace. Fort Worth, Texas, with a grass palace, and Ottumwa, la., with a coal palace, but St. Joseph was to eclipse all of these with a New Era exposition. The genius of this undertaking was H. D. Perkey, who had come here during the previous summer and who had but recently estab- lished steel car works at Brookdale. Mr. Perkey had been prominently connected with the Mineral Palace at Denver and was therefore in a position to take the leadership of this movement. On April 4, 1889, the National Railway, Electric and Industrial Exposi- tion Association was formed, with a capital stock of one million dol- lars. The association was to continue for one year and was incor- porated under the laws of Colorado, because these laws did not require so large a proportion of the capital stock to be paid up as the laws of Missouri. It was to have a national scope and offices were to be established in every state capital. The incorporators were G. J. En- glehart, John S. Lemon, R. E. Turner, C. B. France, A. M. Saxton, John Donovan, Jr., R. L. McDonald, D. M. Steele, George W. Sam- uels, Louis Hax, Wm. E. Hosea, D. D. Burnes, H. R. W. Hartwig, S. C. Woodson, F. M. Posegate, T. F. Van Natta, S. A. Walker, A. M. Dougherty, W. B. Smith, Harry Keene, J. Francis Smith, R. T. Davis and Winslow Judson. The directors were John S. Etnery, Chas. A. Shoup, W. J. Hobson, Herschel Bartlett, Robert Winning, J. C. Bonnell and H. D. Perkey. A large tract of land east of the city, beyond Wyatt Park, and surrounding the Steel Car Company's plant, was secured and pre- pared during the summer. The Car Company had a building 80x960 feet, which was used as a shop. The western portion of this 28o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH building, which was two stories in height, was made the main hall of the Exposition. The grounds were dotted with beautiful pavil- ions, two score in number, of quaint architecture. "Korn is King" was the motto of the enterprise and this idea was carried into every decoration. The pavilions and buildings were decked with cereals in various colorings and design. The effect was entrancing, espe- cially at night, when the grounds were fully illuminated with electric lights. The most admired of the pavilions were the ''Ladies' Palace of Delights," the "Reporters' Lodge," "Pomona's Pavilion,' "Cupid's Bower," "Pocahontas," "Mondamin," and "Horticultural Hall." Aside from the buildings there were artificial lakes, waterfalls, an old grist mill and other picturesque novelties. The architectural triumph, however, was the amphitheatre, which had a seating capacity of eleven thousands and an arena of two acres. The exposition opened on September 3, 1889, and continued to October 3. Bach's band, a famous musical organization of Milwau- kee, was engaged for two concerts daily in the amphitheatre. Capt. Jack Crawford, the "poet scout," was director of entertainments in the arena, and he had, beside a band of cowboys, several hundred Apache Indians. General Russell A. Alger of Michigan, formally opened the exposition. Hon. Jeremiah Rusk, Secretary of Agricul- ture, spoke in the amphitheater on September i8th and on September 23d Governor Larrabee of Iowa and Governor Francis of Missouri spoke there also. The attendance was not what it should have been. If the time had been ten days instead of one month the effort might have met with better reward. Mr. Perkey doubtless had some good ideas, but they did not fit this case, and there were, consequently, disappoint- ments. However, the difficulties might have been overcome had not an irreparable disaster visited the exposition. On Sunday night, September 15, at about 9 o'clock, just as the crowds were leaving the grounds, flames burst from the roof of the main building. The fire was beyond control from the start and the entire building, with all of its contents, excepting two pianos and a carriage in which General Lafayette had toured Virginia, were destroyed. The loss was $193,- 000, u^on which there was only $50,000 insurance. One life was lost. Capt. John Foster, a guard, who had quarters in the building, near where the fire broke out, was burned to death. The fire is sup- posed to have originated from defective electric wiring. At a meet- ing of the Board of Trade on the following day it was decided to at once rebuild Machinery Hall, but this was not done. The Exposi- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 281 tion continued until October 3, and then there was a benefit week for cniployes. The ijuildings stood until the following year and were gradually removed. There is nothing left to mark the location of the brilliant but ill-fated New Era Exposition, and it lives to-day only as a painful memory with those who backed it heavily. There was no race track connected with the New Era Exposi- tion, but this class of sport was provided by the Lake Shore Com- pany. A half-mile track was built at Lake Contrary and a grand- stand v.ith a seating capacitv of 3,000 was erected. Mayor H. R. W. Hartwig was president of the company and Captain Charles F. Ernst secretary. The first meeting was held September 17, 18, 19 and 20, 1889. Several meetings were subsequently held, but the ventures were not profitable. During the years 1890 and 1891 there were no fairs in St. Joseph. In the summer of 1892 the St. Joseph Fair Association was formed, with John S. Brittain as president and Homer J. Kline as secretary. The capital stock was $50,000. It was the era of fast harness horses and odd-shaped tracks and people excited over the perform- ances of Nancy Hanks, Martha Wilkes and the other record-break- ers. The association catered to the popular enthusiasm by building a mile track and offering purses of $1,000 and $500 to attract the best horses. Although a main hall was built, the fair was subordinated to the horse-race. Nancy Hanks and Martha Wilkes were both se- cured for exhibition work, and the best stables in the country were represented in the general entries. September 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were the days. The weather was perfect, the attendance was large and the turf performances were of a high character. On the first day Jim Wilkes won the 3-minute trot, $1,000 purse, in three straight heats, his best time being 2 :22^. John R. Gentry won the 3 :35 pace, $500 purse, in three straight heats, his best time being 2:19^. On the second day Lobasco, a magnificent horse, the property of James Ladd of Beatrice, Neb., won the free-for-all trot, $1,000. Four heats were trotted and Lobasco's best time was 2 :io|. He was driven by McHenry and broke a great record by trotting the fastest mile heat that had been done up to that time by a stallion in a har- ness. On the third day, Thursday, seventy-five thousand people 282 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH witnessed Nancy Hanks' effort to break her record of 2:07. The wind was a trifle too high, however, and the brave little mare did not triumph, but she made the mile in 2:07^, which was con- sidered good enough by the crowd and the enthusiasm was un- bounded, both Nancy and her driver, Bud Doble, being covered with floral tributes. The next day Martha Wilkes went against her record of 2 :o8, but she, too, failed, making the mile in 2 :o9|. This effort was none the less appreciated by the immense crowd, however, and the floral decorations were as profuse as those that fell to Nancy Hanks. The last day was given up to unfinished harness races and jockey efforts. The association paid every obligation and was a goodly sum ahead. In 1893 the weather was bad and the World's Fair had drained the purses, so that there was some loss connected with the fair. The association was officered as during its first effort. In 1894, with John S. Brittain as president and Matt F. Myers as secretary, a third effort was made with indifferent success. The fourth fair, with John S. Brittain as president and John Combe as secretary, was a financial success. In 1896, with James N. Burnes, Jr., as president and John Combe as secretary, the attendance was small owing to the weather and other conditions. The associaltion then dissolved. The grounds and buildings reverted to the owners, from whom they had been leased. Race meetings have been managed since then by W. T. Van Brunt and Palmer Clark. On October 14, 1897, Joe Patchen went a mile in 2 103 and Star Pointer covered the distance in 2 :02. In 1897 and 1898 Messrs. Van Brunt and Clark successfully managed "old- fashioned fairs." CHAPTER XXVI. INDUSTRIES OF THE PAST AND WHAT SOME OF THEM HAVE LED TO IN THE PRESENT.— HEMP RAISING, :\HLLING AND PORK PACKING.— BREWERIES.— THE FIRST FOUNDRY.— FURNITURE FACTORIES. —THE NATIVE LUMBER INDUSTRY.— DISTIL- LERIES.— THE STARCH FACTORY.— THE STOVE WORKS, TOBACCO FACTORY AND STEEL CAR WORKS.— OTHER INDUSTRIES THAT FLOURISHED AND FADED.— THE OLD-TIME HOTELS OF ST. JO- SEPH. In reviewing the industries of the past it will not be improper to speak of hemp first, because of the prominence of this product in the early days. Hemp was the great staple before the war. Dr. Silas McDonald of St. Joseph claims the distinction of having pro- duced the first crop of hemp in the Platte Purchase. In 1840 he procured seed from Clay County, and he sold the yield to Charles A. Perry, who was then located at Weston, at $80 per ton. Nothing raised in the country, either before its introduction or since its abandonment, paid so well as hemp. The average price for years was $100 per ton, and the average yield per acre 800 pounds. Aside from the remunerative character of the crop, many advantages con- tributed to its popularity. Being invariably cut before it went to seed, it did not, as with other crops, impoverish the soil; indeed, it was a generally admitted fact that from the decomposition of the foliage, old hemp land, instead of deteriorating in quality from con- stant cropping, steadily improved, and 1,000 pounds to the acre on such lands was no uncommon yield. Much of the hemp was manu- factured into rope, but the most of it was shipped in bales to St. Louis and Louisville. The decline of the hemp-raising industry was due to several causes. Hemp breaking was hard work and the abo- lition of slavery made it difficult to secure labor for this. Hemp rope was formerly used as ties for cotton bales and for mak- ing sails for ships. The invention of the hoop-iron cotton tie, 284 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH the substitution of steam for sails on vessels and the introduction of cheaper fibers for rope and twine, took hemp from the head of the list of our staples. Milling was the pioneer industry, and the primitive mill gen- erally formed the nucleus of a settlement. The early mills of Bu- chanan County were located along the streams, water furnishing the motive power. Going to mill in those days, when there were no roads, no bridges, no ferries, and scarcely any convenience for travel- ing, was no small task, where so many streams were to be crossed, and such a trip was often attended with great danger when the streams were swollen. Generally the grain was packed on horses to the mill. In cases where the mill was operated by horse power, each patron furnished his own power. In 1838, Harrison Whetson built a mill on Platte River in Platte Township and operated it until 1843, when it was bought by John Bretz, who held it until it was consumed by fire on February 28, 1845. It was at once rebuilt on the opposite side of the river in Jackson Township. In 1857 the mill passed into the hands of WilHam M. Matney. In 1867 it was destroyed by fire and rebuilt, and still stands, being operated yet by Mr. Matney and known as Matney's mill'. It is generally conceded that the first mill in Crawford Town- ship was Clowser's, operated by John Clowser. The site of this mill was two miles east of Halleck. It was destroyed by a great freshet in 1858. Dr. Silas McDonald erected the first steam mill in the township, which has long- since passed out of existence. Edward M. Davidson also built a steam saw and grist mill, which was de- stroyed by fire in 1868, after having been operated for seventeen years. In 1856 Brown & McClanahan built a steam saw mill north of Halleck. This was converted into a grist mill by Daniel Clowser, and in 1865 passed to Faucett & Ferrill, who made a famous flouring nnl! of it. It was destroyed by fire in 1881. Nathan Turner- built a mill in 1838 in the same neighborhood, but it was not successful. Stephen Field built the first mill in Bloomington Township in 1838. It stood three miles from DeKalb and was operated by horse- power. Later on John T. Martin built a water-power mill on Sugar Creek, which was afterwards converted into a steam mill and oper- ated by Phillip Guerner, who also carded wool. The building is still in existence. In i860 J. H. and B. Sampson erected a mill on BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 285 Contrary Creek, two miles northeast of DeKalb. A saw mill was connected therewith. The mill is still in existence, but not in opera- tion. The first mill in Rush Township was built by Flannery & Son on Lost Creek, which stream supplied the power. Nothing remains of this mill, nor of a small cornmill and distillery operated during the same period by Sylvester Hays, better known in those days as "Boss." M. H. and S. F. Floyd built a good steam mill at Rush- ville in 1868, which burned in 1873. The McFarland mill at Rush- ville was built in 1875. Agency Township had a mill as early as 1838. It was located two miles above Agency Ford, on Platte River, and was known as Dixon's mill, its builders being Benjamin and James Dixon and James Gilmore. It ceased to exist many years ago. In 1864 Smith Brothers built a mill at Agency, which afterwards passed into the liands of Boone & Yates, and is still in operation. V. C. Cooley built a mill on Platte River, three miles southeast of Agency, which stood in 1880, but has since disappeared. Washington Township had a mill on Contrary Creek in 1840, owned by Waymire & Gilmore, of which nothing remains. Isaac Waymire owned a mill on One Hundred and Two River in the early days, where Corby s mill now stands. The old Campbell mill on Platte River was purchased by Charles Czech in 1877 and re- modeled. The proprietor failed several years ago and the mill was afterwards destroyed by fire. Corby's mill, at the crossing' of One Hundred and Two River, east of the city, is the only one of the old water mills that remains as it was built. It was erected in 1852 by the late John Corby at a heavy expense. It had been an early ambition with Mr. Corby to be the owner of a good mill, such as he had seen in Ireland when a lad, where the prosperous miller was a man of high reputation in the community. When Mr. Corby had accumulated a large fortune in other lines he set about to realize the dream of his youth. The mill was the best of its kind in the West, but it never paid, owing to its location and distance from the city. It is now owned by Daniel Ozenberger, who operates it occasionally. Dr. Keedy built a mill south of the city in the earliest days, mention of which is made in a previous chapter. Joseph Robidoux built a water mill on Blacksnake in 1841, the timbers of which are yet to be seen near the mouth of Blacksnake sewer. Creal & Wildbahn owned the mill afterwards. James Cargill built a steam flouring mill near the site of the Central Medi- 286 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH cal College, north of the custom house, late in the forties, which was burned after the war. Dillon's saw mill, built in 1855, was lo- cated on Blacksnake Creek near the present site of the City Work- house. John Fairclough built the Star mills at Second and Francis streets in 1864; the plant was burned in 1872. The Excelsior mills, at Second and Franklin streets, were built in 1865 by Hauck Bros., and are still operated by members of that family. Northcutt & An- thony built the City Mills, near Third and Louis streets, In i860. Wm. Ridenbaugh and I. Van Riley operated them in 1868. In 1869 R. T. Davis purchased Mr. Ridenbaugh's interest and afterwards be- came sole proprietor. In 1882-83 Mr. Davis and Robert H. Faucett built what is now the R. T. Davis mill, at Second and Edmond streets. At the completion of this plant the City Mills were aban- doned. The Faucett mill, at Seventh and Olive streets, now operated by the R. H. Faucett Mill Company, was built on a small scale by Captain F. B. Kercheval in 1867-68. In 1881 It was known as the Eagle Mill. In 1888 it was remodeled and amplified to its present capacity. The mill at Tenth and Jackson streets was built in 1883 and was first called the Model Mill. It was afterwards operated by the St. Joseph Milling Company and is now in the hands of the Harroun Bros.' Grain Company. In 1890-94 Stephen J. Burns and others operated an oatmeal and hominy mill in what was formerly the Buell woolen mill, on Third street, north of Michel. The Buell woolen mills, above referred to, were started in i860 by Norman Buell and George Buell, who operated a woolen factory on North Third street. Buell & Dixon operated a flouring mill and woolen factory on Second street, between Isadore and Antoine. The same firm operated a general store at the corner of Second and Antoine streets. Norman Buell was the father of George Buell, the present head of the woolen mills. The mills on Third street were enlarged and operated until 1882, when they were abandoned for the present large establishment at the foot of Eleventh street, which was occupied in 1883. Pork packing was a prominent industry in St. Joseph as early as 1846, when John Corby was engaged in the business. Fother- ingham's city directory for 1861 shows the following pork packers : Carter Hughes & Co., Third street; James Hamilton, Jr., Edmond BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 287 street, between Third and Fourth streets ; Pinger & Hauck, Grand avenue. The latter firm also manufactured soap and candles. The firm was composed of David Pinger and Jacob Hauck. Captain Posegate's directory of 1875 shows the following: Hax & Bro. (Fred and John P.), Fourth and Mary streets ; Krug & Hax, Fourth and Monterey ; D. Pinger & Co., Jule and Levee streets, and the Valley Packing Company. In 1878 the E. O. Smith Packing Company was in operation in the building afterwards used for the glucose works. Connett Brothers built a house east of the Smith plant in 1881, and operated it for about ten years. Hax Brothers retired from busi- ness in i8go, and their buildings are now used as warehouses and for manufacturing purposes. At the present time there are six meat packing houses in opera- tion — two in St. Joseph and five at the stockyards south of the city. Those operated in the city are by the Krug Packing Company and Hoefer Packing Company, the latter being the old Pinger plant, near the mouth of the Blacksnake. .At the stockyards there are five plants, two of which, those of Swift and Company and Nelson Morris, compare with the most extensive in the country. Two others are operated by the Hammond Packing Company, and the fifth by Viles & Robbins. The development of St. Joseph as a live stock market and meat packing center is due mainly to the efforts of John Donovan, Jr. Prior to 1887 the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company had maintained stockyards on Walnut street, between Sixth and Eleventh streets. In that year the St. Joseph Stockyards Company was or- ganized by C. B. France, Samuel M. Nave, Henry Krug, Jr., E. Lindsay, John Donovan, Jr., J. D. McNeely, M. A. Lowe and C. M. Carter. There were 440 acres in the original tract and seventy-two acres were subsequently acquired. Of this about eighty acres have . been given as bonuses to packers who have erected plants. In 1888 the company erected a pork packing plant, which was leased to Al- Icrton & Co., of Chicago. This is the house now occupied by Viles & Robbins. In 1890 the company erected the beef packing plant and leased it to the Anchor Packing Company. About three years sfter the yards had been established the company was reorganized as the St. Joseph Stockyards and Terminal Company and the capital stock was increased to $1,000,000. In 1892 the company built a third house, which was leased to the Moran Packing Company. The Moran Company failed in 1895, and the packing plant be- came a subject of Htigation for over two years, when possession was 288 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH regained by the stockyards company: In the meantime the corpora- tic n had encountered obstacles that could not be surmounted, and the yards went into the hands of receivers. John Donovan, Jr., and R. R. Conklin were appointed receivers, and as soon as the affairs of the company could be straightened out to some extent the prop- erty was sold at receiver's sale and purchased by the Jarvis-Conklin Mortgage and Trust Company for the bondholders. The company was reorganized with a capital of $500,000, and again assumed the old name of the St. Joseph Stockyards Company. Mr. Donovan induced Swift and Company, of Chicago, to operate the Moran plant. This deal also resulted in Swift and Company pur- chasing a majority of the stock in the St. Joseph Stockyards Com- pany on January 18, 1897. In June, 1897, Nelson Morris & Co. purchased a large block of the stock in the St. Joseph Stockyards Company, and thus became interested with Swift and Company and the other packers in im- proving the capacity of the yards and the local market. Two months later both Swift and Company and Nelson Morris & Co. began the erection of the two largest plants at the stockyards, both of which were completed and opened for business the early part of April, 1898. The Hammond Packing Company leased the Moran house when Swift and Company vacated it, and subsequently leased the Anchor house. The people of St. Joseph celebrated the expansion of the live stock and packing industries in a Jubilee, which continued for three days. May 11, 12 and 13, 1898, and which attracted thousands of people. Since then the stockyards have been placed upon a strictly modern, high grade basis, a bank has been organized, and a populous suburb has grown up. A live-stock exchange, to cost $100,000, is now completed, and the future of St. Joseph as a live stock market and meat packing center looks bright indeed. Joseph Kuechle, long dead, was the pioneer brewer of St. Jo- seph. He had learned his art in Germany, and after working at Louisville, Ky., came to St. Joseph, arriving here per steamboat in the summer of 1849. He purchased the ground from Capt. F. W. Smith and built his brewery on the site of the ruins of what was last known as the St. Joseph brewery, on Charles street, between Seventh and Eighth streets. Water for beer and also for drainage are essen- a Joseph was the foundry, established on St. Joseph aveniie, 1855, by T. W. Keys. This, with the exception of a small foundry at Lexing- ton, was the first plant of the kind west of St. Louis. The power of Keys' foundry was furnished by oxen. The first pig iron melted in St. Joseph was run in 1856. This foundry was operated till 1858, when Mr. Keys erected on the corner of Eighth and Messanie streets, the b'lilding now (1898) occupied by the foundry of Crow- ther & Rogvn. Mr. Keys leased this in April, 1863, to John Burn- side. The firm afterwards became Burnside, Crowther & Co. Mr. John Burnside subsequently retired from the partnership. The foun- dry of J. W. Ambrose & Co., on the corner of Eighth and Monterey streets, was established in 1871. The Louis Hax furniture factory was one of the successful and famous institutions of the city for many years. It was located at Seventh and Angelique streets, from 1866 until December 13, 1890^. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 291 on which date the western portion of the plant was destroyed by fire. Mr. Hax did not rebuild, but converted the eastern portion into tenements. The factory is now located at St. George. In the days when freight rates from the north were high and when the native forests were yet rich in trees, the manufacture of -native lumber was an important industry. There were two exten- sive saw-mills in St. Joseph during the life of the industry, both located on South Fourth street, below Messanie, near the river. James P. Hamilton operated the lower mill and Venable & Kent the one near Messanie street. Logs were brought down the river in rafts. Another saw-mill of magnitude was erected at Lake Con- trary, near where the southern road strikes the lake. This was operated at one time by J. A. Finer, William Swope and John F. Tyler, who also "had a lumber yard in the city. A large number of men were employed there and quite a settlement, called Lake City, sprang up near the mill. This, like the Hamilton and Venable mills, is a thing of the past. In 1866 Edward R. Brandow, associated with other enterpris- ing citizens, established a sorghum manufactory on lower Ed- mond street. It was proposed to make sugar out of the product of the cane, and farmers were urged to the importance of raising large ■quantities. The enterprise, after the production of a small quantity of sugar, was absorbed by larger interests. Before the war A. M. Mitchell built a distillery upon the site of what was afterwards a packing house and more recently the glucose works. The venture was not profitable. Several distilleries were in operation in and near St. Joseph after the war and until about 1875. The largest was that of Edward Sheehan, on upper Blacksnake, a ■short distance south of New Ulm Park, which was built in 1868 and operated until 1874. Abraham Furst and S. Adler, who were for many years leading wholesale liquor dealers in this city and St. Louis xinder the name of S. Adler & Co., built a re-distilling house in 1871 at Third and Louis streets, which was operted until 1876. The building is still in existence. After the enactment of the prohibitory Jaw in Kansas, in 1880, a distillery plant was moved from Lawrence 292 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH and located south of the city, below the railroad tracks on the road to the stockyards. This property was purchased in 1885 by Jacob Schloss. Subsequently it fell into the hands of the whisky trust and the plant was moved away. The St. Joseph Steam Printing Company, which was organized by Captain F. M. Posegate and others in 1870, and which went out of existence in February of 1892, was in its earlier days the best equipped, most extensive and most prosperous printing establish- ment between St. Louis and San Francisco. The starch works are yet within easy memory. They were built in the summer of 1872 by O'Neill Bailey, who came here from Madi- son, Ind., and were operated for about four years. . The works were- located on a tract of tefi acres, south of Messanie and east of Twenty- second street, and were both modern and pretentious, giving employ- ment to a large number of people. The starch was made of corn, and the residue was fed to cattle. The lack of water prevented the possibiHty of operating the works with profit. Many wells were sunk, but with no satisfactory result, and the enterprise finally suc- cumbed. Among the other manufacturing enterprises that have gone out of existence Posegate's city directory for 1875 shows the following carriage and wagon makers : Gideon Miles, Edward Button, McBain & Fox, Ferdinand Schoen, W. E. WilHams & Son, D. D. Streeter, Wm. Pape, Prawitz & Hagelin and Wiedmaier & Wildberger. Peter Habig operated a pottery at Main and Faraon streets in those days. There was also a glue factory, south of the city limits. Boellert & Schroers manufactured plows at southeast corner of Sixth and Charles streets. C. Eichler & Co., T. H. Hail & Co., succeeded by C. M. Kingsbury, the Steam Printing Company, Swick, Wells & Co. and Woolworth & Colt were job printers. The Great Western Soap Works, L. Huggins & Co., proprietors, also existed. Wm. Gernandt operated a tannery on Frederick avenue, between Nineteenth and Twentieth streets. There were two ax-handle factories, one operated' by Wm. Duesler on Buchanan avenue, and another by Henry C. Middleton on Howard street. Aldrich & Scott manufactured whips at Second and Felix streets. There were also two rope factories, one BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 293 operated by John Helme, on South Eleventh street, between Maple and Oak streets, and another by J. Main on Frederick avenue, near Twentieth street. The St. Joseph Sugar Refining Company was formed in June, 1880, by A. M. Saxton, J. B. Hundley, W. W. McFarland and others for the purpose of producing glucose. John L. Motter was general manager and W. Y. Selleck chemist. The building formerly occupied by the E. O. Smith Packing Company, southeast of Cal- vary cemetery, was converted into a factory. It was in operation until 1889, the last manager being Van Whittaker. The building no longer exists. * 5ii * In July of 1886 the St. Joseph Natatorium Association was formed by A. M. Saxton, John Demond, J. W. Hinkston, W. H. Gordon, L. C. Burnes, Joseph Andriano and E. Lindsay. The capi- tal stock was $12,000. A building was erected at the southwest corner of Fifth and Jule streets. A natatorium was operated for sev- eral seasons. Subsequently the building was converted into a thea- tre and called the "Bijou." This was partially destroyed by fire, and then, in the spring of 1893, remodeled throughout. It is now known as the Crawford theatre. In 1886 Edward W. Mitchell came from Ohio and, with the assistance of local capital, built a stove foundry on the ground north of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. shops, now occupied by the gas works built by the St. Joseph Light and Fuel Company. The plant was in operation for about three years and then failed. In 1887 the Sam Reid Tobacco Company was organized with a capital stock of $50,000, held by Sam Reid, who moved a plant here from Louisiana, Mo., and W. G. Fairleigh, John Townsend, J. D. Richardson, F. L. Sommer, M. A. Reed, G. J. Englehart, T. J. Bur- gess and Albert Roecker. It was a prosperous institution for three years, occupying the building owned by Daniel J. Lysaght, west of the City Hall. Chewing and smoking tobacco were manufactured. In 1890 it was purchased by the tobacco trust and moved to New York. 294 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH The St. Joseph steel car plant was an institution that flourished for several months in 1889. H. D. Perkey, an eastern promoter, owned the patent of a steel car. It was cylindrical in shape and its construction was supposed to be such as to prevent it from being wrecked in collisions. Mr. Perkey had an elegant passenger coach as a sample. A stock company was formed in 1888 and the enterprise was backed by the Brookdale Land Company, which agreed to donate $50,000, the proceeds of the sale of lots. The Steel Car Company agreed to build shops and maintain them for five years. About $35,000- was paid and a building 80x900 feet was erected, equipped with machinery and set in operation during the early part of 1889. The New Era Exposition was coupled with this enterprise and a portion of the works constituted the main hall. On the night of September iSth, 1889, this building was destroyed by fire. The steel passenger coach and a number of cars under construction were burned and the enterprise was fatally crippled. Of the other prominent manufacturing enterprisefj that have gone out of existence were the following : August Vegely's candy factory, established in 1862; Sanders & McDonald's tinware manufactory, established 1863 ; Schultz, Hosea & Co., tinware manufactory, estab- lished 1863 ; John L. Motter's cracker factory, the first in the city, located on Main street, north of Jule ; Koenig & Co.'s cracker fac- tory, established 1874; Riley Bros.' cracker factory, located in the building now occupied by the Van Natta-Lynds Drug Co., at Third and Charles streets; Smith, Frazer & Co.'s, and Moorby & Fink's shoe factories. The first hotel of prominence in St. Joseph was the Edgar House, a three-story building erected at the northeast corner of Main and Francis streets in 1845. It was afterwards called the Planters' House. The building is still in a good state of preserva- tion and forms a part of the Tremont House. In the following year William Fowler built the City Hotel, at the northeast corner of Main and Jule streets. This has been for many years called the Occidental, and is yet known as such. Albrecht & Huber began business as ewelers in the City Hotel in 185 1. This is the oldest firm in St. Joseph. The Mansion House, which occupied the site of the Francis street depot grounds, facing Main street, was also a leading hotel in those days. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 295 The Patee House, at Twelfth and Penn streets, was buih in 1856- 58, and was one of the largest and best equipped hotels in the United States in its first days. It was first kept by G. W. Alden of Phila- delphia, who failed before completing . his first year, and was suc- ceeded by Colonel Minor of Chicago, who remained about a year. Major Espey was the next landlord. After keeping the house for two years he was killed by falling from one of the windows. Elijah Patee and Dougherty & Worden succeeded in turn as proprietors. During the war the provost marshal's headquarters were located in the building and the general offices of the Missouri Valley Railroad Company were also located there in those days. At about this time Mr. Patee placed the house into a lottery. He drew it himself. In September of 1865 Rev. James H. Robinson of the M. E. church. South, instituted a female college in the building, which existed until January, 1869. James H. Bagwell then opened the hotel, the Pacific House, of which he was landlord, having burned. In 1877 a second female academy was instituted by Rev. E. S. Dulin, a Baptist minister. This continued for four years. In the summer of 1881 Dr. S. A. Richmond leased the building. He opened what he called the "World's Epileptic Sanitarium" in a part of the build- ing and leased the remainder to a New York firm, who for a short time conducted the "World's Hotel." The property at that time belonged to Robert W. Donnell, whose home was then in New York. After the failure of the "World's Hotel" Mr. Donnell offered the house to the city to be permanently used and maintained by the taxpayers as a female seminary ; but he received no encourage- ment. In 1885 he sold the property to R. L. McDonald & Co., who converted the building into a factory for the production of overalls, shirts, etc. The Pacific House was built in 1859-60 and was called the Lounsbury House, after W. B. Lounsbury, who owned it. Shackle- ford & Hughes were the next proprietors and changed the name to Pacific Hotel. In 1865 William K. Richardson kept the house. He was succeeded by James H. Bagwell, who was in charge when the property was destroyed by fire, December 15, 1868. The house was rebuilt and opened February 14, 1870, by Garth, Gilkey & Abell. Major Garth retired after two years and Rice D. Gilkey and John J. Abell continued the business until December, 1879. The house was then closed for repairs. April i, 1880, it was reopened under the management of Kitchen Bros. They were succeeded by Col. Ira Wilson, and he by Charles F. Murray. In 1894 Himes & Bowman 296 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH had the house, and in 1896 C. W. Johnson, the present manager, took charge. A building at the corner of Third and Jule streets was, in i860, enlarged and converted into a hotel by E. E. Bacon, and success- fully conducted by him and his family under the name of the Bacon House until 1896, when it was remodeled and converted into the Metropole, now the leading hotel in the city. The Saunders House was another famous hostelry. It stood at the northeast corner of Third and Faraon streets, upon the site now occupied by Noyes, Norman & Co.'s shoe factory. The life of the hotel was from 1862 up to 1884. It fell from grade to grade until, in its last days, it was a mere rookery. From 1862 to 1877 it was conducted by Richard and John Saunders, Jr., who retired in favor of J. W. JNloore and Cyrus Stahl. In its decadence the hotel had va- rious landlords. Fotheringham's city directory for i860 shows the following hotels : Allen House, corner of Fourth and Sylvanie ; Avenue House, corner of Frederick avenue and Sixteenth; Baechele House, east side of Eighth street, between Messanie and Locust; Blakemore House, south side of Jule street, between Main and Second ; Com- mercial House, corner of Sixth and Angelique ; City Hotel, corner of Main and Jule ; Eagle Hotel, corner of Second and Sylvanie ; Huxley House, Eighth street, opposite H. & St. J. passenger depot ; Missouri Hotel, south-side of Edmond, west of Third; Kentucky House, east side of Third street, between Felix and Francis ; Frank- lin House, West side of Second street, between Edmund and Charles; National Hotel, west side of Edmond street, between Fourth and Fifth; Northwestern Hotel, corner of Third and Franklin; Patee House; Pennsylvania House, Frederick avenue, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth; Planters' House, northeast corner of Second and Main streets; Sommers' Hotel, southeast corner of Second and Michel streets; St. Charles Hotel, east side of Main street, between Robidoux and Isidore; St. Joseph Hotel, west side of Second street, between Michel and Franklin; Talbott House, corner of Third and Faraon ; Tolson House, north side of Jule street, between Main and Second. The Allen House, at the corner of Third and Angelique streets, was used as an army hospital during the civil war. It afterwards became known as the Griffith House, but since 1884 has been known as the Gait House. The Commercial Hotel is still in existence, the old part having been moved to the rear. The Pennsylvania House BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 297 was kept by M. A. Ashbrook, who afterwards called it the Ashbrook House. The history of the City Hotel, Planters' House and Patee House is given above. The other hotels enumerated in this list have disappeared. The Central Hotel, at the northeast corner of Second and Ed- mund streets, was operated for a number of years by Wm. Kollatz. It has not been used as a hotel for over ten years. The Missouri Valley House was quite a famous hostelry in its day. It was a frame building that stood facing east, at the north- west corner of Eighth and Edmond streets, and was surrounded by beautiful shade trees. It was kept by W. W. Clark, by Capt. O. R. Phelps, and last by Capt. M. I. Couch and S. G. Ford. The house, a large barn and several places of business were burned on the night of October 2, 1878. Other hotels that have ceased to exist were the Michau House, on the north side of Felix street, between Sixth and Seventh ; the old Gait House, that occupied the site of the present general offices of the Burlington railroad; the Highly House, Nineteenth and Frederick avenue, and the Hudnut House, at Third and Felix streets. The Farmers' House, on North Second street, kept for many years by Peter Harnois, was also a noted tavern in its day. The Inter- national Hotel, at the northwest corner of Eighth and Olive streets (now Windsor), was built of the material that once constituted the Great Western Hotel at Elwood, a pretentious house that existed before the war, when Elwood had population and prospects. CHAPTER XXVII. LODGES, BENEVOLENT, SOCIAL AND TRADE ORGAN- IZATIONS. — FREE MASONS, ODD FELLOWS, AND OTHERS.— THE TURN VEREIN, MAENNER- CHOR AND OTHER GERMAN-SPEAKING SOCIETIES. — TURNFESTS AND SAENGERFESTS.— MUSICAL DE- VELOPMENT IN ST. JOSEPH.— THE ST. JOSEPH PHILHARMONIA, THE MENDELSSOHN SOCIETY AND OTHER SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS.— THE RED RIBBON CLUB. The first fraternal organization in Buchanan County was Sparta lodge No. 46, instituted May 11, 1841, under a dispensation, and originally called Katzeel lodge. It was chartered October 8, 1841. Eli Hubbel was worshipful master, J. Brownson senior warden and J. A. Anthony, junior warden. R. Duncan was treasurer, T. Way- mire secretary and G. Selsil tyler. This lodge was merged into De Witt lodge, organized in St. Joseph under a dispensation in October, 1845. In 1846 the dispensation was surrendered and a charter granted, dated October 14, 1846. The name was changed to St. Joseph Lodge and the number, 78, was affixed by the grand secre- tary. Sinclair K. Miller was worshipful master, 1845 to 1850. This lodge is still in existence. The following are the other Masonic bodies now existing in St. Joseph as they appear in order in the Masonic directory : Zeredetha lodge. No. 189, chartered May 28, 1859; Charity lodge, No. 331, chartered October 13, 1870; King Hill, No. 376, chartered October 13,1870; St. Joseph chapter. No. 14, R. A. M., chartered May 23, 1849; Mitchell chapter. No. 89, R. A. M., chartered October 5, 1876; St. Joseph council, No. 9, R. and S. Masters, chartered October 6, 1871 ; St. Joseph commandery. No. 4, K. T., chartered October 5, 1875; Hugh de Payens commandery. No. 51, K. T., chartered May io, 1887; Moila Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., organized December 17, 1887; Moila court. Daughters of Isis, estabHshed October 14, 1896; St. Joseph chapter. No. 198, O. E. S., chartered May 5, 1890; Radi- ant chapter. No. 88, O. E, S., chartered October i, 1897; King Hill BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 299 chapter, No. 55, O. E. S., chartered May 20, 1896. There are also Masonic lodges at Saxton, Easton, Agency, DeKalb and Rushville. The office of grand master of the state has been held by the fol- lowing residents of St. Joseph : Wm. R. Penick, Joseph S. Browne, James W. Boyd and Harry Keene. The office of grand high priest of the Royal Arch chapter has been held by Wm. R. Penick, Samuel Russell and Joseph S. Browne. The office of most illustrious grand master of the Council of Royal and Select Masters has been held by Joseph S. Browne, Wm. R. Penick, Wm. G. Hall, W. A. Lord, Ulrich Schneider and E. F. Hartzell. The office of grand commander of the Knights Templar has been held by Wm. G. Hall and Joseph S. Browne. The Odd Fellows are a close second to the Masons in St. Joseph in point of age. King Hill lodge. No. 19, was instituted on October 15, 1846, at the residence of Joseph Hull, on the west side of Main street, between Francis and Jule streets. The charter members were D. B. Welding, Eli Hewitt, S. L. Leonard, Eli Bowman, C. F Emery and Dr. J. H. Crane. In 1858 this lodge erected a three-story build- ing, lacing west, at the southeast corner of Fifth and Felix streets. The lower floor was for business, the second for lodge rooms and on the third floor there was an auditorium. This was for some years the first class theatre of the city and, among other notables, Edwin Forest played there. At one time there was a stock company con- nected with the theatre. The hall was also used for social and political gatherings. During the war the property was lost by the provisions of a mortgage and was acquired by J. W. Bailey and Wm. R. Penick. When it was destroyed by fire; as mentioned in n foreg<5ing chapter, in January of 1879, it was occupied by J. W. Bailey & Co., with a large dry goods business. In 1880, Mr. Bailey, Isaac Curd, J. B. Brady and Louis Hax built the block facing Felix street, which extends from Fifth street east to the alley. Humboldt lodge. No. 130, was instituted April 19, 1859. This lodge works in German. Eclipse lodge. No. 143, was instituted April 18, i860. Enterprise lodge. No. 232, was instituted April 19, 1870. During the summer of 1898 this lodge purchased the large building at Seventh and Charles streets, which had been erected by the St. Joseph Turn Verein and which had been lost by that associa- tion. St. Joseph lodge, No. 432, was instituted in 1883 ; Invincible lodge, No. 470, in 1893, and the South Park lodge in 1898. 300 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH There have been two sessions of the state grand lodge in St. Joseph — the fifty- third session, held in 1890, and the sixtieth session, _ held in 1898. The office of grand master of the state was held in 1861 by Col. John Doniphan, who, however, lived at Weston at that time; in 1869, by R. J- S. Wise, of St. Joseph; in 1874, by L. T. Minturn, of Amazonia, who held his membership in St. Joseph, and in 1894, by R. M. Abercrombie, of St. Joseph. There are five Rebekah lodges : Evening Star, No. 5, instituted in 1892; Enterprise, No. 140, 1894; Humboldt, No. 146, 1894; Eclipse, No. 157, 1894; King Hill, No. 219, 1896. There is also a branch of the Patriarchs Militant, Canton St. Joseph, No. 3, instituted in 1879. Of the encampment degree there are two branches, Hes- perian encampment. No. 8, and St. Joseph encampment, No. 51. R. M. Abercrombie is the grand patriarch of the state encampment. The other fraternal orders having organization in St, Joseph are as follows : Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Work- men, American Order of Annuity, Catholic Knights of America, Knights of Father Mathew, Independent Order of P'aresters, Catho- lic Foresters, Fraternal Aid Association, Grand Army of the Re- public, Sons of Veterans, Union Veteran Legion, B'nai Brith, Free Sons of Israel, Court of Honor, Knights of Honor, Sons of Herman, Ancient Order of Hibernians, Daughters of Erin, Improved Order of Red Men, Knights and Ladies of the Maccabees, Modern Wood- men of America, Woodmen of the World, Woodmen's Circle, Na- tional Reserve, National Union, Knights and Ladies of Security, Royal Arcanum and the Royal Court. The latter order originated in St. Joseph during the past year. The negroes have two Grand Army posts, five IMasonic bodies, one lodge of Good Samaritans and two lodges of Knights and Daughters of the Tabernacle. Of the benevolent associations now in existence, the German Benevolent Society is the oldest, its organization dating back to 1847. St. Francis Xavier Benevolent Society (German) was organized in 1865, St. Patrick's Benevolent Society in 1871 and the Gruetli Verein (Swiss) in 1874. Other German societies now in existence are ; St. Joseph Benevolent, South St. Joseph Benevolent, Badische Gesell- schaft, Landwehr Verein, German Military Veterans, Plattdeuscher Verein, St. Joseph Bavarian Society, Schwaben Verein and Schuetzen Verein. The German Central Society is composed of delegates froifl the various German societies in the city. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 301 The German-Americans have been prominently identified with the history and development of St. Joseph from an early day. The Turn Verein, one of the most active agents in this work, was formed May 23. 1855, with Charles Zipf as first speaker, Charles Jessen as second speaker, Charles Albrecht as secretary, A. Althaus as master of property and Peter Walter as treasurer. The corner stone of the old "Turnhalle" was laid March 29, i860, and the building was oc- cupied during the following August. When the civil war broke out the Turners staunchly avowed loyalty to the Union, their hall was •dubbed the "cradle of liberty" and the stars and stripes boldly flung to the breezes. When the mob that had taken the flag from the post- office declared that these colors should also be torn from the staff, two Turners, Valentine Moosman and J. H. Schaefer, went upon the roof in the face of danger, guarded by Robert Bradshaw with a drawn pistol and Charles Mast with a rifle, lowered the flag and brought it safely into the building. Moosman then tore down a Confederate flag that had been hoisted on Market square. Among the St. Joseph Turners who served in the war were the following : W. Baumer went to Omaha and was made colonel of the First Ne- braska infantry ; Herman Lund went to Quincy and rose to the rank of captain ; Charles F. Ernst and Charles Springer were in the Twelfth Missouri cavalry, the former as captai nand the latter as lieutenant. Charles Weideman died from wounds received at the battle of Lexington, while Louis Graffenstein and Charles Ludi were killed at Missouri City. The St. Joseph Turn Verein was affiliated with the St. Louis Turnbezirk until May i, 1866, when the Kansas Turnbezirk was formed. The first Turnfest of this federation was held in this city October 1-3, 1866. Leavenworth, Kansas City, Atchison, Wyan- dotte, Lawrence, Brunswick, Junction City and Fort Scott were rep- resented. In 1870 ground was purchased at the northeast corner of Eighth and Svlvanie streets for the purpose of building a new hall, and the corner stone was laid. This project was abandoned, however, and the ground sold. A second Turnfest of the Kansas Turnbezirk was held in St. Jo- seph August 6-9, 1870. In 1885 the Missouri Valley Turnbezirk was formed and the first turnfest of the new federation was held here August 14-17, 1886. A new hall was built upon the site of the "cradle of liberty," at Seventh and Charles streets, in the summer of 1890. The corner stone was laid with parade and appropriate ceremonies on Sunday, 302 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH June 8, 1890, and the dedication took place October 26, 1890. The new building cost $50,000. In August of 1897 the property was sold under a deed of trust and purchased by the creditors. During the summer of 1898 the property was purchased by Enterprise lodge of Odd Fellows, and is now known as the Odd Fellow building. The Turn Verein is at present without a home of its own. Since the earliest times there has been a tendency in St. Joseph toward high-class music. Rosenblatt's brass band, which was formed by Herman Rosenblatt in 1854, was welcomed and given all possible encouragement by the people of those days, and for many years this organization was famous throughout the West. But the brass band was not commensurate. There were many excellent voices and much latent musical talent, which craved development and expan- sion. In 1857 Prof. Otto Behr was induced to come to St. JosepTi. To this gentleman is due the credit of erecting and maintaining a standard of excellence which will be regarded with admiration and reverence for years to come. Professor Behr was born in Germany and educated at Leipsic. He located in New York some years before coming to St. Joseph. In the summer of 1898 he returned to his old home, almost blind and light in purse, after spending the best part of his life here. He had met with financial reverses before his eyes began to dim. But he is none the less esteemed and revered in St. Joseph, where he wrought so nobly and so successfully for his art. In 1866 the St. Joseph Philharmonia was organized and placed under the direction of Professor Behr. This society embraced the best instrumental and vocal talent of the city, and there was also a large list of honorary and contributing members. Five or six grand concerts were generally given each season. The Philharmonia ex- isted for about ten years. The St. Joseph Maennerchor was another successful musical society. It was organized May 22, 1868, and the membership was mostly German-American. This society was affiliated with the Pioneer Saengerbund, and two of the annual song festivals of the federation wete held in St. Joseph. The first "Saengerfest" began on April 30, 1873, continuing several days, and formed a part of the general festal programme in honor of the completion of the bridge. The second was held in June of 1883. Maennerchor hall was on the third floor of the McLaughhn building, at Third and Felix streets. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 303 Among those who served as musical directors were Prof. FeHx B. Canfield, Professor Kaiser and Prof. Wm. Plato. The Maennerchor was merged into the Turn Verein in 1888. Professor Behr's second successful effort to organize the talent for the exemplification of high-class music was represented in the Mendelssohn Musical organization, which was formed in 1882, mod- ^'led after the Philharmonia, and which existed until 1891. Con- certs were given in the court house, where a suitable auditorium had ocf n prepared, until the destruction of that building by fire, in March of 1885. Various halls were then used until the completion of- the Y. M. C. A. auditorium. Other musical organizations of the past were the Arion, the Apollo, Harmonia and Concordia. Of the labor organizations in the city. Typographical Union No. 40, is the oldest. It was organized in June of 1859, and has had a continuous existence. Other labor organizations existing at this time are : Bricklayers' union. No. 5 ; Brewery Workers' union ; Cigar makers' union. No. 95; Hod Carriers' union; Machinists' union, No. 10; National Alliance Theatrical Stage Employes, No. 43 ; National Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, No. 10 ; Printing Pressmen's union ; Boiler-Makers' union ; Tailors' union, No. 61 ; United Brotherhood of Leatherworkers ; Carpenters and Joiners' union ; Barbers' union and Butchers' union. There are also the fol- lowing organizations of railroad men : Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, No. 107 ; St. Joseph lodge, No. 43, Brotherhood of Loco- motive Firemen ; Order of Railway Telegraphers ; P. Lavelle lodge. No. 92, Brotherhood of Railway Brakemen ; St. Joseph division. No. 141, Order of Railway Conductors, and an organization of switch- men. Central Labor Council is made up of representatives from the various unions. A famous local organization in its day was the Red Ribbon Re- form Club, which was organized December 16, 1877, by J. C. Bonte- cue, a temperance revivalist. There was a membership of 1,200. The club occupied rooms in Tootle's opera house until May, 1878, when the upper portion of the three-story building at the southeast corner of Second and Francis streets was fitted up, with a library, stage, etc. Theatrical and literary entertainments were here given. The place is yet known as Red Ribbon hall. The organization flour- ished for about four years. The first officers of the club were : Mor- 304 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH decai Oliver ,president; C. B. Wilkinson, first vice-president; Thomas F. Ryan, second vice-president; William H. .Wood, third vice-president; James C. Cozine, secretary; E. A. Smith, financial secretary ; T. Van Natta, treasurer ; J. A. Winsch, first marshal ; R. A. Craig, second marshal ; Thos. J. Huyler, sergeant-at-arms. The St. Joseph Mechanical and Scientific Library Association was incorporated February 27, 1886. George R. Mann was president, and Charles A. Pfeiffer secretary and treasurer. Charles Nowland and F. W. Gensen were also members. A large number of pubHc documents which had been collected were turned over to the public library in 1892. o E- m a > 13 CHAPTER XXVIII. THE BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT HAVE EXISTED IN ST. JOSEPH IN THE PAST, AND THOSE THAT LIVE IN THE PRESENT.— VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE PROMOTION OF COM- MERCE AND MANUFACTURES— A GLANCE OVER THE NEWSPAPER CEMETERY OF ST. JOSEPH AND THE NAMES THAT ARE WRITTEN ON THE TOMB- • STONES. Armstrong Beattie was the first regular banker in St. Joseph. He began business in 1852 in the City Hotel at Jule and Main streets. He afterwards moved to Second street, north of Francis and finally to the west side of Third street, between Felix and Edmond, where he continued up to the period of his death, July 26, 1878. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Savings Institution was chartered '" 1853 and continued ujitil 1865, when it was merged into the First National bank of St. Joseph. The latter bank continued until Au- gust, 1878, when, in consequence of a robbery of $19,700, the mystery of which has never been solved, the directors decided to go out of business. The bank was then located at Third and Francis street, south of the Pacific House, in the McLaughlin building. Immedi- ately after the dissolution of the First National bank the Merchants' bank was organized and began business in the same quarters, where it continued until the completion of the Chamber of Commerce, March of 1885, when the present quarters were taken. A prominent bank before the war — in 1858-60 — was that of Lee & Chaffee, located on the west side of Second, between Francis and Jule streets. The firm was composed of A. L. Lee and Jerome B. Chaffee. When the war broke out Mr. Lee went to the front in the Seventh Kansas Infantry regiment, and rose to the rank of brigadier- general. After the war he located in the South. Mr. Chafee went to Colorado, where he prospered, rose to political eminence and was elected to the United States senate. The Western bank was organized in Aprii, 1859, with Milton Tootle as president, and continued until 1867, when it went into liquidation. 3o6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH The State Savings bank was organized in 1859, as a branch of ;he State Bank of Missouri. It was a national bank from 1865 to 1S71. From that time it was known again as the State Savings bank until 1890, when it was again made a national bank. The bank is no^v out of business and its affairs are being settled up. John Colhoun & Co., bankers, commenced business ir June, 1864, in the old Methodist church at the northeast corner of Third and Felix streets. David Finger, who was the other member of the firm, erected a modern building upon the site of the old church in 1865. In 1 87 1 the partnership expired and the business of the bank was transferred to a new institution, known as the Colhoun bank. The new bank occupied the Fairleigh building at the southeast cor- ner of Third and Felix streets. In the meantime the German Savings bank had been organized in the spring of 1869. This bank purchased the building which Mr. Finger had erected. It went into liquidation August 15, 1876. The St. Joseph Savings bank was organized in June of 1873 and continued until December x, 1875, when it consolidated with the Col- houn bank and the new institution was called the Colhoun Savings bank. On May 9, 1878, this bank ceased to exist, and its business was turned over to Schuster, Hax & Co., bankers. In 1889 the latter bank was reorganized as the Schuster-Hax National Bank. The Bank of St. Joseph was organized in December, 1874. and was first located at Fifth and Felix streets. In August, 1876, this corporation purchased the three-story building of the German Savings bank, at the northeast corner of Third and Felix streets, which it still occupies. It has been known as the National Bank of St. Joseph since 1883. The Saxton National bank, at Fourth and Francis streets, was organized in 1883. In 1894 it was consolidated with the Schuster- Hax National bank and reorganized as the National Bank of Bu- chanan County. The German-American bank was organized early in 1887. It was located on Fifth street, opposite the Tootle theatre, until the completion of its building, at Seventh and Felix streets, in 1889. The Commercial bank was also organized in 1887, and began business in the Commercial block at Fifth and Edmond streets. This bank is now in process of liquidation. The bank of Tootle, Lemon & Co. was organized in July of 1889 and began business at 118 North Fourth street. In 1894 the bank was moved to its present location, 509-511 Felix street. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 307 The Central Savings bank was organized in 1889; was first lockted in the Commercial block, then in the France block, on Fifth strew, north of Edmond, and, when the Commercial bank went into liquidation, the quarters of that institution were taken. December 31, 1898, Milton Tootle, Jr., was appointed receiver for this bank. The Park bank was organized in 1889. It is located at the northeak corner of Tenth and Penn streets, opposite Patee Park. There are three banks in Buchanan County — the Derge-Camp- bell bank at DeKalb, the Bank of Agency, and the Stockyards bank. Among the St. Joseph financial ventures of the past were two insurance companies. The Merchants Insurance Company was organized in 1866 by Thos. E. Tootle, R. L. McDonald, Arthur Kirk- patrick and others, with a capital of $200,000. A successful business was done for many years. The company^ is how out of existence. The St. Joseph Fire and Marine Insurance Co . was chartered December 27, 1867, by J. W. Bailey, G. W. Samuel, A. P Goff and others. In 1879 the company wound up its business and paid back the money subscribed for stock, together with interest. The Real Estate and Savings Association of St. Joseph was organized in 1870, and continued until 1875. The association was chartered by the state with authority to buy and sell real estate, loan money, etc., and its first officers were Arthur Kirkpatrick, president ; B. S. Carter, secretary, and James Hull, treasurer. While there existed at various periods in the city's history, prior to 1 87 1, organizations for the promotion of the commercial welfare and advancement of the community, there are so few traces of these efforts that no attempt will be made to specify them. The Improve- ment and Manufacturers' Aid Association of St. Joseph was formed in 1871 and continued for some years. It was largely due to the existence of this association that the bridge was built. The subject of waterworks also received attention at the hands of the organiza- tion, though the works were not built during its life. The list of members of this association was as follows: T. J. Chew, Jr., Jas. Craig, Wm. M. Wyeth, F. M. Posegate, S. Adler, Davis Carpenter, Jr., W. G. Fairleigh, D. D. Streeter, I. G. Kappner, John Severance, George Buell, E. L. Marney, J. W. Bailey, Isaac Curd, R. L. Mc- Donald, I. Weil, Isaac T. Hosea, J. M. Hawley, J. Francis Smith, R. P. Richardson, Frederick W. Smith, Wm. Fitton, J. H. R. Cundiff. 3o8 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Robert Gunn, F. B. Kercheval, J. L. Haiina, Milton Tootle, N. J. Schlupp, A. L. Hopkins, T. J. Burgess, M. M. Claggett, H. Bartlett, H. B. Ketcham, John Burnside, N. F. Baldwin, W. Z. Ransom, George Olds, Geo. H. Hall, R. R. Calkins, H. G. Gore, John Dono- van, Harry J. Seip, C. D. Smith, James W. Strong, Jos. S. Ford, J. R. Willis, Henry K. White, W. H. B. Warren, Charles A. Pfeiffer, C. W. Evans, Jiihus Meyer, Jacob Schloss, John De Clue, A. M. Bard, A. L. Kerr, George Lyon, Armstrong Beattie, J. M. Street, J. R. Bell, R. E. Turner, M. G. Fish, Louis FuelHng, B. F. Colt, H. R. W. Hartwig, David Siegel, S. D. King, W. D. O'Toole, James McCord, Joseph A. Corby, R. F. Maxwell, D. A. Constable, C. M. Lincoln, J. L. Bit- tinger, Geo. Hillyer, Sam Russell, T. A. Green, A. Furst, Charles McGuire, J. L. Ellingwood, M. Eppstein, J. A. Nicely, W. H. Wood, Robert C. Bradshaw, John Townsend, W. J. Biggerstaff, C. H. Buck- man, G. H. Koch, H. M. Garlichs, L C. Parker, John Pinger, James Kay, Willard P. Hall, D. M. Steele, Chas. H. Schultz and P. L. Mc- Laughlin. In 1871 there was also formed a Board of Trade, which, after doing good service, was reorganized upon more substantial lines on October 19, 1878. For some years prior to 1885 the Board of Trade was located on the east side of Third street, between Felix and Francis, where daily markets were received and where a paid secre- tary was maintained. In 1881 a committee was appointed to formu- late a plan for the erection of a suitable building. As a result the Chamber of Commerce Company was organized, and the building at the southwest corner of Third and Edmond streets, erected in 1884-85. The following were the officers of the Board of Trade during its life: For 1878-79 — Thos. F. Van Natta, president; Samuel I. Smith, first vice-president ; Andrew L. Kerr, second vice-president ; Isaac Weil, third vice-president ; George Olds, treasurer ; W. A. P. Mc- Donald, secretary. For 1879-80 — Samuel I. Smith, president; Andrew L. Kerr, firs; vice-president; Isaac Weil, second vice-president; John S. Welch, third vice-president; Geo. Olds, treasurer; W. A. P. McDonald, secretary. For 1880-81 — Samuel I. Smith, president; Andrew L. Kerr, first vice-president; Isaac Weil, second vice-president; H. R. W. Hartwig, third vice-president ; Geo. Olds, treasurer ; W. A. P. Mc- Donald, secretary. For 1882-83— J. W. Bailey, president; H. R. W. Hartwig, first vice-president; T. J. Chew, Jr., second vice-president; A. C. Dawes, BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 309 third vice-president; W. A. P. McDonald, treasurer; Frank Hotter, secretary. For 1883-84— John M. Frazer, president; H. R. W. Hartwig, first vice-president; A. C. Dawes, second vice-president; Winslow Judsonj third vice-president ; W. A. P. McDonald, treasurer ; Franl- Motter, secretary. For 1884-85 — John M. Frazer, president; H. R. W. Hartwig, first vice-president; A. C. Dawes, second vice-president; Joseph A. Corby, third vice-president ; W. A. P. McDonald, treasurer ; Frank Hotter, secretary, succeeded by Harry C. Adams. For 1885-86 — Winslow Judson, president; H. R. W. Hartwig, first vice-president; John M. Frazer, second vice-president; R. T. Davis, third vice-president; W. A. P. McDonald, treasurer; H. C. Adams, secretary, succeeded by J. L. Bittinger. For 1886-87 — Winslow Judson, president ; H. R. W. Hartwig, first vice-president ; E. L. Harney, second vice-president ; Charles O. Shoup, third vice-president; W. A. P. McDonald, treasurer; John L. Motter, secretary. For 1887-88— H. R. W. Hartwig, president ; E. L. Harney, first vice-president ; Charles A. Shoup, second vice-president ; Dudley Smith, third vice-president; W. A. P. McDonald, treasurer; John L. Motter, secretary, succeeded by Fred F. Schrader. For 1888-89 — George J. Englehart, president; E. L. Harney, first vice-president; Charles A. Shoup, second vice-president; A. C. Dawes, third vice-presideht ; W. A. P HcDonald, treasurer; Fred F. Schrader, secretary. For 1889-90 — E. L. Harney, president; Samuel M. Nave, first vice-president; A. C. Dawes, second vice-president; Samuel West- heimer, third vice-president ; W. A. P. HcDonald, treasurer ;^ Fred F. Shrader, secretary. For 1890-91 — J. W. Walker, president; Samuel H. Nave, first vice-president ; A. C. Dawes, second vice-president ; N. J. Riley, third vice-president; W. A. P. HcDonald, treasurer; Fred F. Schrader, secretary. For 1891-92 — J. W. Walker, president; W. C. Brown, first vice- president ; S. S. McCord, second vice-president ; A. P. Clayton, third vice-president ; George E. Black, treasurer ; James O'Shaughnessy, Jr., secretary. In June of 1892 the Board of Trade was merged into the Com- mercial Club, which had recently been organized. The following is a list of officers of the Commercial Club to date : 3IO BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH For 1892-93 — R. M. Davis, president; W. C. Brown, first vice president ; R. Ford, second vice-president ; W. P. Jones, third vice- president; L. L. Strong, treasurer; W. H. Dowe, secretary; James O'Shaughnessy, Jr., assistant secretary. Mr. O'Shaughnessy serve( until October, when he resigned and was succeeded by Hugh Bowen, who served until January i, 1893, and was succeeded by F. W. Max- well. For 1893-94 — H. R. W. Hartwig, president; W. P. Robinson, Jr., first vice-president ; Harry J. Campbell, second vice-president : A. J. Cole, third vice-president; L. C. Burnes, treasurer; C. N. Robinson, secretary; F. W. Maxwell, assistant secretary. For 1894-95 — H. R. W. Hartwig, president; W. P. Robinson, Jr., first vice-president ; J. M. Frazer, second vice-president ; George L. Hammer, third vice-president; L. C. Burnes, treasurer; C. N. Robinson, secretary; F. W. Maxwell, assistant secretary. For 1895-96 — H. R. W. Hartwig, president; E. L. Marney, first vice-president; Milton Tootle, second vice-president; S. E. Crance third vice-president; L. C. Burnes, treasurer; Purd B. Wright, sec- retary; F. W. Maxwell, assistant secretary. For 1896-97 — H. R. W. Hartwig, president; S. E. Crance, first vice-president; G. G. Parry, second vice-president; R. W Powell, third vice-president; L. C. Burnes, treasurer; Samuel H. Smith, secretary ; F. W. Maxwell, commissioner. For 1897-98 — A. P. Clayton, president; H. R. W. Hartwig, first vice-president; J. C. Wyatt, second vice-president; T. C. Byrne, third vice-president; C. F. Enright, treasurer; Samuel Block, sec- retary ; F. W. Maxwell, commissioner. For 1898-99 — A. P. Clayton, president; James H. McCord, first vice-president; H. M. Hundley, second vice-president; Ed C. Smith, third vice-president; C. F. Enright, treasurer; Ed O. Wild, secre- tary ; F. W. Maxwell, commissioner. In 1888-90 there existed the Manufacturers' Bureau, of which Oliver C. Hutchinson was secretary. The purpose of this organiza- tion was to induce capitalists to invest in St. Joseph, and much good resulted from the efforts made to advertise the citJ^ A real estate exchange and the St. Joseph Fruit and Produce Exchange also ex- isted in 1889. BUCHAiNAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH .311 The history of St. Joseph is dotted with the graves of many newspaper ventures. The first newspaper, the Gazette, a weekly pub- hcation, was estabhshed in 1845, the first issue appearing on Friday, April 25. William Ridenbaugh was the proprietor and printer, and the name of Lawrence Archer, then a prominent attorney, is given as editor. It is said that the type and press were part of the equipment of the Mormon paper, pubhshed at Independence, which had been surpressed. In 1854 Holly & Carter took charge of the Gazette, then it passed into the hands of Gen. LucieU'Eastin and next to P. S. Pfouts and J. H. R. Cundiff. In 1857 these gentlemen began the pub- lication of the Daily Gazette, the first daily newspaper issued in the city. This continued until the breaking out of the war. When it became unsafe to utter such political sentiments as the Gazette up- held, the proprietors suspended publication, laid away the pen and went to the front to do battle for the South with the sword. June 28, 1868, the Gazette again appeared. Colonel Cundiff, Mr. Riden- baugh and Peter Nugent being the pubHshers. In December of 1873 the paper passed into the hands of Joseph A. Corby & Co. The next publishers were F. M. Tufts, Geo. W. Belt and J. B. Maynard. In November of 1875 M""- Maynard was succeeded by S. A. Gilbert. In April of 1878 the Gazette-Chronicle appeared, the Chronicle hav- ing been published by M. B. Chapman. Shortly after the consolida- tion Chas. B. Wilkinson and M. B. Chapman were announced as pub- ishers. September 29, 1878, the "Chronicle" was dropped from the name and the paper again appeared under its ancient and original title. In November, 1878, Charles B. Wilkinson assumed sole edi- torial and business management. March 12, 1879, it was announced that the paper had passed into the hands of the Gazette Publishing Company, a corporation that was to be under the direction of Charles B. Wilkinson, Lewis Burnes and W. E. Smedley, the latter of New York. Colonel Wilkinson was editor until July 12, 1879, when he went to Denver, where he died in January of 1881. Lewis Burnes died November 17, 1879. Then the management of the paper was in the hands of James N. Burnes, Jr., until January i, 1886, with the exception of a brief period, from June to September, 1883, when it was managed by George E. King. Major John,N. Edwards was the editor of the paper from June, 1883, until April, 1886. Mr. Burnes was succeeded as manager by Charles F. Cochran, January i, 1886, who, after the departure of Major Edwards, was the editor as well as the manager until he was elected to Congress in 1896. He was suc- ceeded as manager by Frank Freytag, Jr., who is still in charge. 312 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Since Mr. Cochran's departure from the paper the editorial matter has been suppHed by Chris. L. Rutt. The second newspaper started in St. Joseph was the Adventure, a Whig sheet, which made its first appearance in 1848. It was pub- Hshed by E. Liverraore, and was at that period regarded as a worthy rival of the Gazette, its sole competitor in the county. In March, 1853, James A. Millan purchased the paper and changed its name, calling it the Cycle. It was independent. About a year after this Mr. Millan took into partnership E. C. Davis, the first state superin- tendent of public schools elected in Missouri. A short time after this arrangement, in consequence of difference of political sentiment, Mr. Millan being a Democrat, the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Davis buying out his associate. The latter published the Cycle as a Whig paper about one year, when he, in turn, sold out to Matt France, who continued to publish it as a Whig paper for about another year. France then sold to A. K. Miller and Jacob T. Child, who changed the name of the paper, calHng it the Journal. This was about 1856 or 1857. In 1858, 1859 and i860 the Journal was edited and published by John P. Bruce and Jacob T. Child. This paper strongly advocated the claims of Bell and Everett during the presi- dential canvass. It suspended publication about 1862. It may not be improper to state here that in the spring of 185^ the first job printing office was opened in St. Joseph. This enter- prise was started by Millan & Posegate, on the south side of Francis, between Main and Second streets. Eighteen months after, Mr. Posegate, who had learned the printing business in the Cycle office under Mr. Millan, issued the first number of the West. It was r handsomely printed, eight-column weekly. His associates in the enterprise were Wellington Cunningham, Washington Jones and Ed- ward Y. Shields. The paper, with strong union proclivities, was in- dependent in politics. In the spring of 1859 a daily was started in connection with the weekly West. February 6, i860, Mr. Posegate bought out his partners and became sole editor and proprietor of the paper, warmly and ably supporting Bell and Everett for the presi- dency. In August, i860, he sold the West to James Tracy & Co. The paper, under this management, advocated the claims of John C. Breckenridge to the presidency, and boldly avowed its secession sen- timents. During the winter of 1860-61 the publication of the paper was suspended. The first German newspaper in St. Joseph was the Volksblatt. It was started in 1856 by Leopold Marder, who, two years after, sold BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 313 the paper to J. H. Buschmann. This was in 1858. Francis Rodman, afterwards secretary of state, was editor. Wednesday, March 28, 1866, the daily evening edition, a five-column paper, made its first appearance, pubHshed by Gustavus Heinrichs. In 1868 R. L. Mor- genstern purchased the paper and Leopold Harder became editor. November 8, 1868, Conrad Eichler and H. W. Kastor assumed con- trol. The firm was styled C. Eichler & Co. Mr. Kastor was editor. November, 8, 1875, Herman Brunsing purchased the interest of Mr. Eichler. Mr. Brunsing was succeeded in 1886 by Mr. George L. Hermann-Muehe. Cqlonel Kastor retired three years ago, since which time Mr. Muehe has had sole charge. The Volksblatt is the oldest continuous publication in the city. The press and other appHarices of the West Company became the property of Col. Charles B. Wilkinson, who started therewith a Republican paper, the St. Joseph Morning Flerald. The first issue, a six-column daily, appeared Wednesday, February 12, 1862, Wilkin- son & McKibbin editors and proprietors. In the issue of April 10, iS62, the proprietorship was announced under the style of Wilkinson & Co. Saturday, October i, 1862, the Morning Herald appeared consolidated with the Daily Tribune. It continued to be published in this style till July 25, 1866, when "Daily Tribune" was dropped from its name and it again resumed its original simple title of Morn- ing Herald. In 1867, F. M. Posegate took charge of the business management of the Herald. He remained with the paper three years, the first two as business manager for Wilkinson & Bittinger, and the third as a partner of the former, he having bought the interest of John L. Bittinger. In the summer of 1869, Wilkinson & Posegate sold out to Hallowell & Bittinger. In April, 1870, the firm became Hallo- well, Bittinger & Co., C. B. Wilkinson constituting the company of the concern. When Mr. Hallowell withdrew the firm became Wil- kinson, Bittinger & Ward. July 8, 1871, Henry Ward withdrew and the firm became Wilkinson & Bittinger, continuing such till the whisky-ring developments of 1875, which wrecked the fortunes of both members of the firm. In the spring of 1876 John Severance, Wm. D. O'Toole and Major John T. Clements purchased the Herald. July II, 1876, it appeared reduced from its former size, a nine-col- umn, to an eight-column sheet, and continued to be so published till near the close of September following, when Tracy & Co. became owners of the concern, and immediately restored the paper to its former size — a nine-column folio. The issue of September 26, 1876, was the first to appear with the announcement "Tracy & Co., Pro- 314 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH prietors." The head of the firm was Frank M. Tracy, the company included Robert Tracy and D. W. Wilder. In 1885 the property came into the hands of Col. J. W. Strong, who represented a stock company of local capitaHsts. After his tragic death, in June of 1886, the paper was managed by Col. Wm. M. Shepherd, with the Iqte George C. Smith as editor, who was succeeded by Charles Alf. Will- iams. In 1889 J. L. Bittinger assumed editorial charge, the paper having passed under the control of Maj. T. J. Chew and others. J. P. Knight was business manager for some years and was succeeded by W. B. Willim, the present incumbent. Major Bittinger was suc- ceeded in 1897 by Edward F. Trefz. Four different newspaper publications have borne the name of the News. The first daily evening paper issued in St. Joseph was established by Asa K. Miller in 1862. It was called the News and lived about two months. In the summer of 1864 Jacob T. Child and Charles M. Thompson issued, from the Gazette press, a campaign paper called the Evening News. It was published in the interest of George B. McClellan and expired after the campaign. The Mon- day Morning News was started August 20, 1877, by Isaac Pfeiffer. Colonel Wilkinson took charge of the paper after several issues and made a hit with it. The last issue of the Monday Morning News appeared in June, 1878, when Colonel Wilkinson assumed editorial charge of the Gazette. In July, 1878, a week or two after its suspen- sion, the material and franchises of the Monday Morning News were purchased by George E. King, and used by him in publishing a illustrated weekly. In October following he sold out to Judge An- drew Royal and W. M. Patton, who continued its publication under the original name of Monday Morning News. This, some time after, was changed to Western News. May 3, 1879, the Daily Evening News was started in the office of the Western News by Judge A. Royal and George H. Cross. It was, at first, a small four-column sheet. September 3 following this was enlarged. April 19, 1881, the paper was purchased by W. F. Bassett and J. W. Spencer, who enlarged and otherwise improved it. Gilbert J. Spencer succeeded W. F. Bassett in the partnership. In 1888 the paper was sold by J. W. and G. J. Spencer to Byron Dunn and George W. Mar- tin of Maryville. In July of 1889 the property was acquired by Charles M. Palmer and E. B. Haskell. C. M. Shultz was placed in charge of the paper, and continued to manage it until August of 1894. In September of 1894 Charles B. Edgar became associated with Messrs. Palmer and Haskell and he is now the editor and mana- ger of the Daily News. Mr. Palmer is the business manager of the BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 315 New York Journal and Mr. Haskell is one of the principal owners of the Boston Herald. A glance over the tombstones in St. Joseph's newspaper ceme- tery reveals the following inscriptions : Free Democrat, May 29, 1859, to April, 1861. Those connected with the paper at various times were Joseph Thompson, Earl Marble, E. H. Grant, Frank M. Tracy, D. W. Wilder, B. P. Chenoweth and Robert Tracy. Daily Tribune, August, 1862, to October, 1864. A. K. Abeel, Philemon BHss, Wm. M. Albin, James T. Beach and James Hunter were interested at various times. Daily Union, December 1864, to January, 1871. James Hunter, James T. Beach, E. J. Montague, Philomen Bliss, Willis M. Sher- wood, Wm. W. Albin, Wm. Fowler, A. N. Schuster, J. W. Strong, J. W. Dinsmore, the Union Printing Company, R. D. Mitchell, Eu- gene Ayers, Wm. Everett, C. W. Marsh and J. B. Hinman were at various times interested in the publication. Jacob T. Child was the first local editor. New Era, a weekly, 1862-63, Harrison B. Branch, publisher. Vindicator, weekly, 1865, James A. Millan, publisher. Daily Commercial, 1866; published by Jule Robidoux & Co. Evening Tribune, 1870, Joseph Thompson and Cy B. Bowman, publishers. Daily Evening Commercial, 1872-74, Charles S. Scott, publisher. Board of Trade Circular, 1877-73, George Rees and others pub- lishers. Reflector, weekly, 1872-73, James A. Millan, publisher. = Weekly Reporter, 1875, M. B. Chapman, pubHsher. The Evening Reporter, 1878, Fred F. Schrader and Max Kauff- man, pubJishei-s. The Tri- Weekly Telephone, 1878, F. M. Tufts, publisher. The Good Way and The Bugle and Standard, 1879-81, Rev. J. W. Caughhn, editor. Commercial Advicer, 1878-82, I. J. Dewitt, pubhsher. Daily Anzeiger, 1879, Kurth & Schrader, publishers. Saturday Democrat, 1880-85, George E. King, publisher. Daily Sun, April, 1881 ; W. W. Davis and Phil Schmitz, pub- lishers. Grip, a comic weekly, 1884; Abe Steinberg and A- J- Fleming, publishers. Daily Evening Journal, 1885-87; O. M. Gilmer and Frank Mar- tin, publishers. 3i6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Weekly Leader, i888-go ; Joseph Crane, publisher. The Weekly Wasp, 1889-93 ; H. U. Hayden, publisher; Homer J. Kline was the first editor. Daily Ballot, 1890-91. This was a morning newspaper venture by the late Wm. Hyde of St. Louis. It involved heavy financial losses. Weekly Argus, 1893 ; J. Matt Davis, editor. The St. Joseph Republican, 1894; James T. Beach and Captain Sullivan, publishers. The Daily Times, 1897-98; George C. Crowther, Joseph Albus and O. M. Gilmer, publishers. There have been many ephemeral publications in St. Joseph, principally weekly society ventures, whose graves are unmarked, that started briskly and with the assurance of a high-school essayist upon the road to fame and fortune, but inevitably went to pieces upon the same old financial rock. Of the weekly publications now in existence the Catholic Trib- une is the oldest. It was founded in April of 1879 ^t Kansas City, where it was published by Wm. A. Maynard and W. W. Davis. In October of 1880 it was moved to St. Joseph, where it was published for some years by Davis & Royal. Rev. Francis Graham, pastor of St. Patrick's church, was also the publisher of the paper for a time after Davis & Royal. Peter Nugent and Michael Lawlor became the proprietors in July of 1889, and this partnership continued until 1892, when Mr. Nugent became the sole proprietor. In April of 1894 Mr. Lawlor took charge of the property and has edited and published the Tribune since that time. The Journal of Commerce was founded in 1886 by Frank With- erspoon. It was subsequently published by, George W. Wrenn. In 1890 J. W. Spencer, who was then the pubHsher, sold the paper to C. M. Shultz. Ed M. Taylor succeeded C. M. Shultz, and for a time Purd B. Wright was interested with Mr. Taylor and edited the paper. In 1897 the Combe Printing Company acquired the property and placed it under the management of Ed O. Wild, who is still in charge. The Western Fruit-Grower was started in January of 1897 as a monthly publication devoted to horticulture. The venture met with deserved encouragement from the beginning and the increase of business has justified many improvements. The Western Fruit- Grower is pubHshed by the Western Fruit-Grower Company. James M. Irvine is the editor. The Modern Farmer, a weekly, and Busy Bee, represents the consolidation of two monthly publications, one devoted to agricul- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 317 ture and the other to bee culture. Both were edited by Emerson T. Abbott, who is also editor of the consolidated venture. The Saturday Record, published weekly, was established in the sprinng of 1898 by Jacob W. Spencer, who still continues to publish the paper. Another weekly publication is the Jewish Review, edited by Charles L. Schless. The negroes have two weekly organs. The Mirror is published by Harry Robinson and the Radical by Isaac Frederick. Of the monthly publications the St. Joseph Medical Herald, is- sued by Charles W. Fassett, is the oldest in the city, having been in existence for nearly twenty years. There are several other monthly publications at the present time. The Parish Messenger, Charles L. Holland, manager; the Home and School Journal, edited by Miss Anna C. Townsend ; the Court of Honor Monthly, edited by Ben. F. Hildebrandt; the Tabernacle Monthly, edited by Rev. Albert Bushnell, and the Familien Freund, issued by the German Methodists. Two papers are published in Buchanan County outside of the city : The Stock Yards Daily Journal, by E. Neff, and the DeKalb Tribune, by Ed S. Hays. CHAPTER XXIX. REMINISCENCES.— NEGRO SLAVERY IN BUCHANAN COUNTY.— RECOLLECTIONS OF REV. MOSES LARD. —THE TOWN OF ELWOOD.— A REMINISCENCE OF EARLY ST. JOSEPH.— THE GRASSHOPPER SCOURGE. —A FEAT IN PEDESTRIANISM.— THE FIRST FREE DELIVERY WAGON.— AN EFFORT TO SECURE WATER FROM BED-ROCK.— ST. JOSEPH MEN WHO BECAME FAMOUS.— DISTINGUISHED PEOPLE WHO HAVE VISITED ST. JOSEPH.— OLD-TIME DOCTORS AND MEDICAL SOCIETIES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT.— HARTWIG'S INDEPENDENT ARTILLERY COMPANY.— THE FISH HATCHERY. As was stated in a previous chapter, there were over 2,000 negro slaves in Buchanan County when the war broke out. These were ■owned principally in the country. The condition of the slave here, as elsewhere, depended upon the master. It was to the slave-hold- er's interest, of course, to keep this class of property in good condi- tion that it might yield the best possible returns. The slaves, in the main, were well cared for, and their lot was not so bad. They were expected to work ten hours per day for the master and were allowed half holidays on Saturday, where the conditions permitted, and also on Sundays. They were given no education, as a rule, though there were instances where the master taught his slaves to read and write. This practice was frowned upon, however, by the majority of own- ers. The negroes had many social privileges, but were restricted to some extent by a pass system, which was enforced by a patrol. No negro could leave his master's place after night without a pass. This he had to show to the patrol, who were mounted and who guarded certain prescribed districts. The negroes called them "patterolers," and it was the delight of the more venturesome youngsters to elude the vigilance of these much-hated officers. The patrolmen were paid by private subscription. There were licensed preachers of various Protestant denominations, and these held religious services in dif- ferent places about the country, at stated times, and there was gen- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 319 erally a white man present to see that seditious utterances did not creep into the sermons. Marriages were solemnized, and where the man and woman belonged to different estates the husband was gen- erally permitted to visit his wife on Saturdays and Stmdays. The children always belonged to the owner of the mother. Slaves were paid for the work they did over time, or as in hemp breaking, for such work as was done over and above a stated task. They were also given patches of ground to cultivate and could sell the products. Men were given two suits of clothing and two pairs of shoes per year, and wom'fen two dresses, besides other necessary wearing apparel. Where a slaveholder had more slaves than he could use he let them out for hire. The general price for a man was $150 per year, his maintenance, medical- attendance and clothing. It was pre- scribed how many hours he should work and that he should be paid individually for the work he did beyond the contract day. Women brought about $100 per year hire. In some instances negroes saved enough money to purchase their freedom. One case is recalled, however, where the slave fruitlessly paid over one thousand dol- lars. The master kept no account ; neither did the slave. The mas- ter died, and when the estate was sold the slave was sold also. He had nothing to show for his payments. The slave was Alf Foutz, who was pressman on the Gazette before the war, and who, after the war, held a similar place on the Atchison Champion for many years. The negroes, as a rule, spent their money freely and Saturday was made a busy day in St. Joseph by them. Slaves were hired out during Christmas week for the ensuing year, and this was generally done on Market Square. The mas- ters brought them into town and sold their services to the highest bidders. Slaves were sold at public auction also, but this practice was almost confined to cases where an estate was sold ; though several slave buyers, who shipped their wares South, were located in St. Joseph, and constantly bought up such negroes as were offered. When slavery was abolished, there were few males in bond- age, most of them having been either shipped to Texas before the war or been surrendered by masters who took advantage of a bounty of $350 for every slave that was enlisted by them into the Federal army. A great many, too, had escaped to Kansas by the aid of the Jayhawkers. Slaves held in the city were used as house servants, porters and 320 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH the like, and they were either owned or hired by the masters. The following ancient city ordinance will show how they were regulated : Section i. That any negro, or mulatto, bond or free, who shall be found without a pass, between the hours of lo o'clock p. m. and 4 o'clock a. m., in a grog shop, tippling-house, tavern or beer house, not his place of abode, or abroad in the city from his usual place of abode, unless he be going to or coming from some lawful place of business or lawful assemblage, shall forfeit and pay, for the first of- fense, not less than one nor more than five dollars ; and for every sub- sequent offense, not less than five nor more than twenty dollars. Sec. 2. The mayor may give a general pass, in writing, to any free negro or mulatto, whose business requires him to be out be- tween the hours above mentioned, and may annul the same at pleas- ure; and the owner, master or person having custody of any slave may give such slave a written permit to pass and repass to any place in the permit designated. Sec. 3. Negroes or mulattoes shall not hold, at night, any assem- blage without the written permission of the mayor ; nor shall they remain at a ball, religious meeting or other assemblage after the hour of II o'clock p. m. Sec. 4. Any negro or mulatto who shall be found at night at any assemblage not permitted by the mayor, or at any permitted assem- blage after the hour of 11 o'clock p. m., or shall at such assemblage be guilty of any disorderly conduct, shall forfeit any pay not exceed- ing five dollars. Sec. 5. Any white person over the age of ten years who shall be found at any ball or social party of negroes or mulattoes, or who- shall annoy or disturb any permitted assemblage of negroes or mu- lattoes, shall forfeit and pay not less than five dollars. Sec. 6. Upon the arrest of any slave for the breach of any ordi- nance, his master, owner or employer shall be notified in writing of the charge made against the slave, and the time and place of trial thereof ; and if such master, owner or employer pay the penalty ad- judged against the slave, and costs, the slave shall be delivered to him ; otherwise he shall be, sent to the workhouse as in dther cases. Sec. 7. Whoever, not being the master, mistress or employer of a slave, shall furnish such slave with a pass shall forfeit and pay not less than twenty dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars. Sec. 8. The owner, master or employer of any slave may, in his discretion, after such slave shall have been convicted, may pay the fine and costs, or permit the slave to be sent to the workhouse, there to work out said fine and costs ; or he may suffer such slave to be whipped by the city marshal with any number of lashes in the discre- tion of the mayor, not exceeding thirty-nine, but the cost of the proceeding shall, in all cases,- be paid by the owner, master or em- ployer of such slave. Another ordinance regulated free negroes and mulattoes. These were not permitted to reside in the city without license, which was BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 321 obtained from the city register upon proof that the negro was entitled to such hcense, which was guarded by a bond in the sum of $500, conditioned that the recipient be of good behavior. The license contained a discription of the holder, his name, age, size, personal appearance and occupation, and authorized him to reside in the city as long as his behavior was good, the power of revocation having been vested in the mayor and applicable upon the conviction of the holder of the violation of anv citv ordinance. A description of the society of the early days in Missouri, written by the Rev. Moses E. Lard, appeared in Lard's Quarterly in December, 1863, that is not only the most graphic sketch of the times that has ever been written, but a gem of English literature. It ap- peared in an article entitled "My First Meeting." This meeting was held at Haynesville, Clinton County, Missouri, and the description may be accepted as a true picture of the social and religious life and thought of this part of the state at an early time. Rev. Moses E. Lard was himself a remarkable character. He was a journeyman tailor in Liberty, Mo., when General Doniphan became interested in him, and noting his burning thirst for knowl- edge, sent him to college, where he was educated for the ministry. He became a great religious leader in Missouri and was for some years a preacher in St. Joseph. His father was a forest dweller, : pioneer and a hunter. A daughter of Moses E. Lard married Gov- ernor Silas Woodson, and some of his posterity are still among us In this article, ''My First Meeting," occur the following descriptive passages : "Most men in the neighborhood could read Chronicles by spell- ing half the words, while all had either read Bunyan and eighth of Romans, or heard them read. Bunyan supplied them with experi- ences, Romans with texts to prove predestination ; the former en- joyed the favor and affection, the latter, the authority. On Sundays most of the country flocked to meeting, the wags to swap horses and whittle, and to bet on the coming races ; the Christians, as was fitting, to hear the sermon, and relate their experiences. The ser tnon was sure to be on foreknowledge or free-will, and to contain a definition of eternity; the experiences embraced reminiscences of headless apparitions, or voices of pulseless corpses wrapped in coffin sheets. * * * "The country pedagogue of those unregenerate days also merits a paragraph. He was generally a chuffy man, five feet six, with gray 322 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH hair, and fine girth — a man who cracked of definite articles, copula- tive conjunctions, Hoogley's bay, and ciphering; could tell the day of the month by the almanac, and brogue your moccasins; pulled teeth, bled and puked the neighbors ; took grog with you when dry ; wrote your will, and prayed for you when dying. He was deacon in the church, justice of the peace, auctioneer and general counselor at law, prescribed for gout and cancer, and was a robust believer in witchcraft; he was always elected captain on muster days, gave ad- vice in bad cases of rupture and hair-lip ; was president of the debat- ing club, judge at shooting-matches, held children when christened, and gave lectures as to the best time in the moon to salt meat and plant snaps. In the schoolroom he was a philosoher and a tyrant, made but few impressions on the mind, left many on the back, taught the boys to make manners, and the girls to curtesy ; at noon played bull-pen, knucks and hull-gull; and at all other times was a gentle- man and an astrologer. "The corn-shucking of these days 'lang syne' must not be for- gotten in this brief sketch. This was an occasion which always brought the whole neighborhood together. The women met to brag on their babies, drink stew, knit, and discuss the best method of setting blue-dye ; the men to shuck corn, take rye, recount battles with bruin, and tell of long shots at deer; the boys to spark and blush ; the girls to ogle and fall in love. "Next to the corn-shucking, the winter quilting and hoe-downs were the pride of this long past. These were my delight. In the cjuilting you sat close beside your bonnie lassie; in the hoe-down you touched her hand, and saw her ankle. This over, you made love to her in the corner, while she slapped your jaws, and pouted. Brit to me the chief attraction at the quilting was the huge stacks of purnpkin pies which graced it, of which I am not conscious at this sitting that I ever had enough. * * * "At the time of my meeting great advances had been made on these times. The men had ceased to wear bucksin, the women dressed in calico, and drank green tea; ghosts were more rare, and Drew had migrated. Tents covered with elm bark were now quite out of fashion, boots were occasionally seen, the men used hand- kerchiefs, and the women side-combs. Soap was no longer a myth to children, though starched bosoms still attracted much attention. The boys had now begun to carry riding whips, to chew, and the girls to flirt. The more able families could afford tables and biscuit on Sunday morning, while almost all had learned what sausage and BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 323 spareribs mean. Buggies and steamships were still fabulous things, ^vhile cock-fighting and log-rolling had fallen into desuetude. "A shingled roof and a brick stack were not now absolutely un- known, and men used chains instead of withes in plowing. The use of pins was altogether abandoned, and fish were caught with hooks as in other countries. Balls had taken the place of the hoe-down, the fiddle that of juber; horns were all the fashion, and grog was fiever named. The Christians discussed the mode of baptism, the ■operation of the spirit, and infant church membership, as in other decent countries; they only denied the existence of Styx, and the revolution of the earth; the old preachers kept on their coats while preaching, and took a little only when feeling bad. A young man ■no longer consulted a witch when he wanted a wife, but went directly to his sweetheart; invalids took henbane, boneset, and composition for diseases of the spine and fits, and Weekly Dale cured warts by hocus-pocus." * * * 5{; s[s -J; A word of El wood will not be amiss in these reminiscenses. Fotheringham's directory for i860 shows 166 male residents of the place. At the present estimate of population, based upon city direc- tories — five to the name — this would show that Elwood had a popu- lation of 830 at that time. The business directory shows that there •were three attorneys : one of them, D. W. Wilder, later prominently identified with the political history of Kansas and with the press of St. Joseph ; another, Thomas A. Osborn, later governor of Kansas; the third, A. L. Lee, who was secretary of the town com- pany and also interested in a bank in St. Joseph, and who subse- quently gained distinction as a brigadier-general in the Union army. There were two bakeries, two blacksmiths, a brewery, a brickmaker, two butchers, six carpenters, a coffee house, a dentist, a druggist, seven general merchants, two hotels, a livery stable, two painters, three physicians, a plasterer, a restaurant, several real estate agents, five saloons, a saw mill, a tailor, three wagon-makers, a jeweler and one dealer i nstoves and tinware. There was also a newspaper, the Elwood Free Press, published by H. D. Hunt. There was a city government. George W. Barr, now a resident of St. Joseph, was mayor; Dr. J. W. Robinson, clerk and recorder; Wm. H. Hugh, assessor; Thomas A. Osborn, attorney; R. S. Say- ward, treasurer ; Charles O. Smith, collector and city marshal. Wm. H. Hugh, D. B. Jones, J. H. Hatcher, Andrew Disque, W. L. Lewis, L. C. Booth, Wm. Luke, W. C. Groff and A. W. Tice composed the city council. There was also a police force, consisting of three jnen. 324 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH There was an Episcopal church, and the Congregational- ists held services occasionally in a hall. There was a board of pub- lis schools; also a library association and a building association. The New York Daily Times of December i8, 1858, says of El- wood, that it "is one of the most promising places in Kansas, and, from the eligibility of its position and great local advantages, bids fair to become the chief commercial metropolis of the future state- Situated directly opposite St. Joseph, it is placed by the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad in direct communication with the most populou and wealthy cities of the East, and by the first of April will be withir fifty hours travel of New York. It is the starting point of the rail- road chartered to Palmetto, on the South Pass route to Salt Lake and Cahfornia, and of the St. Joseph & Topeka railroad, which will com- mand a great portion of the trade of New Mexico. It lies on the^ west bank of the Missouri River, on the verge of an extensive and thickly wooded bottom, which requires no gradings ; its streets are broad and rectangular, and its levee can be approached with safety by the largest boats, and is sufficiently spacious for an immense commerce." The war stagnated business, scattered the population and killed the prospects of this ambitious and thriving point. In rapid settle- ment and development of Kansas, when peace was restored, Elwood was overlooked and forgotten and went into rapid decline. The rav- ages of the river finished the work, and there is but little left of the ground upon which the ambitious young town stood. Allen PI. \'ories, 1870, at a banquet, in speaking; of what St. Jo- seph was twenty years previous to that time, said there were about fifteen hundred inhabitants here. The principal business cen- tered down about Main and Felix, Francis and Jule. About Sixth street the locality was grown up with hazel, and at Eighth and 3 lie, where the speaker lived, there were dense woods, where no one dreamed of ever seeing residences and churches built up as is now the case. In those days the population of St. Joseph was about three times as large in the spring as at any other season of the year. The Cali- fornia emigrants camped all "over the unoccupied grounds in and around the city. They ate the provisions and came near starving out the citizens, for they bought up everything before it reached the BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 325 city, and citizens had to send to the Grand Riv-er for supplies. This was especially the case during the springs of i850-5i-52. Law business in those days was conducted in a scattering sort of way, which might be better described by the term hotch-potch. The doctors, as far as he knew and believed, were on a par with the lawyers, and acted on the principle of the old physician who, when a case was brought to him which he did not understand, gave the patient something to throw him into fits, because he w,as "death on fits." As in all ages and countries, a good many of the citizens of the town wanted office. One old gentleman wanted to be a justice of the peace, and prepared to be elected by having 500 tickets printed for ballots, all of which he distributed among the votei's. When the election was held and the votes counted this old gentleman was found to have received one vote. When told of the result, he ex- claimed : "One vote ! Yes, and I know who gave that !" He con- tested the election, and the treasurer, in a spirit of ridicule, gave the old man a commission. Not long afterwards some young men created a mock disturbance to give the old man a case. They erected a judge's stand by placing a barrel on a large dry goods box and put- ting a chair on the barrel, and when the case had progressed nearly to a termination, one of the wags knocked the barrel from under the judge's chair and down came the seat of justice, with the justice and all. The old fellow complained of his treatment to William Fowler, a county official, who advised him to throw away his commission, but he refused to do so, fondly believing that he was vested with official dignity. There was once a vacancy in the office of justice of the peace, and six persons, seeking the position, got up six petitions to be pre- sented to the county court. Strangely enough every voter in the township signed every petition, and when it came before the county court it was in the shape of one petition for one man, for some mis- chievous person had cut off the headings of all the other petitions and pasted the names under that of his favorite, so there were six thousand names for him and none for anyone else. This was in the good old days when all men, citizens of St. Jo- seph, were honest, but a number followed the California emigrants who were not of that class. On one occasion, however, a fellow was arraigned before Mayor Mills for transgressing an ordinance of the city against the practice of games jDf chance. He had been swindling someone with the thimble-rig dodge. When arraigned he contended that his game was not one of chance, but a sure thing. "Then," said 326 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH the mayor, "it is juat like this court — you shall pay a fine of $50- The sharper had to fork over. An amusing incident of the bar was given. A case was being tried in the circuit court in which one of the parties subpoenaed the judge as a witness, and a change of venue was asked. The judge refused to grant the change, saying he knew nothing to prevent a judge from giving testimony in a case being tried before him. The judge came down from the bench and took the witness stand. The first question asked was objected to, the objector addressing himself to the vacant chair of the judge, who, assuming the chair, decided that the question should be put. Then taking the witness stand, he answered the question. The second question was put with a like result. But the spirit of Blackstone, or somebody else, now began to fill the mind of the judge, he appreciated the difficulty of be- ing at the, same time judge and witness, and granted the change of venue asked for. The years 1866, 1867, 1874 and 1875, are known as "grasshop- per" years, owing to the existence of a plague of Focky Mountain locusts. Kansas was stricken first each time and the locusts crossed the river, in September of 1866, in July of 1867, and in September of 1874. The first two visits were not so costly to the farmer as the last one. The city was deluged with the insects, however, and they were a great annoyance. The wells were polluted with their car- casses, they ate the lace curtains in the dwellings, and devoured the vegetation. In 1874 and 1875 all the country west and north of Missouri X'fas plagued with the locusts. The people usually referred to them as grasshoppers. Indeed, the insects greatly resembled the ordinary grasshopper. They came down from the Rocky Mountains, quickly overran Colorado, then came on through Kansas, devouring every green thing, taking every live blade of grass, every leaf on tree and bush, every flower and vegetable. In September of 1874 they s.truck Buchanan County. The crops having 'matured, they did little ma- terial damage that year. But they deposited their eggs in the ground and the warm spring weather hatched them out in great numbers. As they developed the verdure disappeared. First the young clover, then the tender blue grass of the pastures, next the vegetables in the gardens, and finally the shrubbery and small trees ; in fact, almost everything that grew fell before the greed of the insect. As they grew so did their voracity, and their depredations increased. Farm- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH ^27 ers were powerless. Some tried digging pits and driving the locusts thereinto, where they were either scalded or covered up. Others drove them into piles, where they were cre- mated. In fact, numerous plans for ridding the country of the pest were tried, and while untold millions of locusts were undoubtedly destroyed, others seemed to take their places immediately. It mat- tered not what was done, no diminution in the number of the hopping, creeping things was discernible. Live stock suffered greatly from the lack of food, and the farmers lost heavily by the death of cattle and hogs. When half-grown and able to fly the locusts began to disappear, and by July they were nearly all gone. The farmers at once set to work with energy. The seasons were favorable and the frost late. There was a grand harvest. In fact, all over the state there was a prodigious yield, and this fact served largely to allevi- ate the business depression of the two previous years. In 1869 pedestrianism was the popular athletic fad. The news- paper files contain accounts of a rather grotesque performance of this kind in St. Joseph. One R. F. Leonard, a laundryman, agreed, on a wager, to walk 100 miles in twenty-four hours. His route was on Second street, from Faraon to Isabel, a distance of half a mile. At midnight, February 17, Leonard began his task. The route was illuminated with torches and the pedestrian carried in one hand a lighted lamp and in the other a bugle, upon which he executed mili- tary signals as he marched. An immense crowd witnessed the per- formance. Leonard made the first mile in thirteen minutes. The ninety-ninth mile was made in twenty-two minutes and the one-hun- dredth mile in thirteen minutes and twenty-two seconds. Leonard covered the one hundred miles in twenty-three hours and thirty-nine seconds, resting but forty-one seconds during the time. In 1874 the question of waterworks was not only earnestly dis- cussed, but a considerable sum was expended in an experiment to obtain a supply from the bed-rock of the river. This venture was directed by a number of influential citizens known as waterworks commissioners. The members of this commission were Mayor I. T. Hosea, Wm. M. Wyeth, Viator B. Buck, Bernard Patton, George H. Hall, Milton Tootle, Wmslow Judson, Louis Hax, Charles B. France, R. P. Richardson, George Buell, Louis Fuelling and Charles A. Pfeiffer. These gentlemen served gratuitously and created a fund 328 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH ■with which to conduct the experiment. The bridge having been recently completed, aparatus for pneumatic pressure was easily avail- able. A caisson was sunk and the workmen went a considerable dis- tance below the bed of the river. However, the cherished hope of finding a sufficient supply of pure water was not realized. In July, 1870, the first mixed jury was impaneled in Buchanan County. The case was before a justice, and the constable had pro- vided a jury composed of three negroes and three white men. The late Judge Henry S. Tutt, who had been engaged by the defendant, refused to serve. Buchanan County has furnished the state three governors — Rob- ert "SI. Stewart, Willard P. Hall and Silas Woodson. The office of Secretary of State was filled for two terms by Francis Rodman of St. Joseph. Mordecai Oliver, who was appointed Secretary of State by the convention of 1861, was then a resident of Greene County and did not come to St. Joseph until after the war. The office of State Treas- urer has had one incumbent from St. Joseph — Col. Elijah Gates. Francis Carroll Hughes of this county was appointed warden of the penitentiary by Governor Polk, in 1856, and served until the exit of Governor Claiborne F. Jackson. Henry A. Vories and Philomen Bliss of Buchanan County were judges of the supreme court and Willard P. Hall, Jr., was judge of the Kansas City court of appeals. James B. Gardenhire of St. Joseph was attorney-general. The fol- lowing residents of St. Joseph have been members of Congress : James N. Burnes, Daniel D. Burnes, George C. Crowther and Willard P. Hall, Sr., James Craig, Benj. F. Loan, Isaac C. Parker, Charles F. Cochran. Gen. Robert Wilson, who was appointed United States senator by Governor Hall, resided on a farm at Jim- town, in Andrew County, a short distance beyond the Buchanan County line, but was much interested here, and may be accredited to St. Joseph. Joseph K. Toole, the first governor of Montana, was a former resident of St. Joseph. Alexander W. Terrell, the first city attorney of St. Joseph, was afterwards United States minister to Turkey, and Ethan Allen Hitchcock, until recently minister to Russia, and now Secretary of the Interior, was a merchant in St. Joseph before the war. Jacob T. Child, minister to Siam under President Cleveland, was in the newspaper business here before and during the war, as was also E. C. Davis, the first state superintendent BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 329 of public schools. James W. Porch was a resident of St. Joseph when appointed consul-general at the City of Mexico. John L. Bit- tinger, the present consul-general at Montreal, still holds his resi- dence here. Jerome B. Chaffe, at one time senator from Colorado, was a banker in St. Joseph before the war. Many distinguished men have visited the Blacksnake Hills and St. Joseph. Audubon, the famous naturalist, was the guest of Joseph Robidoux in May of 1843, while on his way to the Yellowstone. He makes the folowing reference to this spot: "After grounding on sandbars and contending against hard winds and currents, we reached the Blacksnake Hills settlement, which is a deHghtful site for a populous city. The hills are two hundred feet above the level of the river and slope gently down on the opposite side to the beautiful prairies that extend over thousands of acres of the richest land im- aginable." Audubon would find many changes could he come to St. Joseph now. Commodore Stockton, the hero of the Pacific, traveled overland from California in 1847, and passed through St. Joseph. On October 27, 1847, he was given a popular ovation by the people of the town and entertained at a banquet at the Mansion House, which was a prominent hotel in those days. May 13, 1859, Horace Greely was a visitor for a short time, being on his way to the convention at Osawatomie, Kansas ; Abraham Lin- coln passed through the city December i, 1859, on his way to Kan- sas. On December 22, i860, William H. Seward, Secretary of State under President Lincoln, addressed the people of St. Joseph from the balcony of the Patee House. General Grant, General W. T. Sherman and General Phil Sheri- dan were here July 29, 1868, and were given a reception at the Pacific House. General Sherman was introduced from the balcony, and attempted to make a speech, but there was a disorderly element in the crowd that prevented his being heard. On September 27, 1871, General Grant, who was then President, passed through St. Joseph on his way to Council Bluffs. A large crowd greeted him, and he made a short address from the platform of his car. On September 29, 1879, President Rutherford B. Hayes, Mrs. Hayes and General Sherman were present at the opening of the first fair held at Fowler's Grove. President Cleveland, accompanied by Mrs. Cleveland, visited the city in October, 1887. There was a general holiday in honor of this 330 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH event, and the streets were crowded with people to see the distin- guished guests. Prsident Harrison also stopped for a short time during a Western trip. William McKinley, now President, spoke on the tariff question at the Union Depot during the national campaign of 1892. St. Joseph has been well supplied with physicians since the earliest days, and the professional standard has always been high. As early as 1845 eleven of the local physicians agreed upon a card of rates, which will be of interest now, not only because it shows the cost of medical attendance in those daj^s, but also because it shows the range of practice. The charges were as follows : For a visit within one mile and prescription (day) $ i .00 For each succeeding mile 5° For same services at night, double price. For visit in town and prescription i . 00 For visit at night 2 . 00 For medicine in all cases charge extra. For attendance whole night 5 ■ 00 For consultation 5 ■ 00 For a simple case of widwifery 5 • 00 For a case of twins 10.00 For difficult cases, fee in proportion to difficulty. For necessary attention, after four hours, per hour 25 For bleeding 50 For extracting teeth 50 For cupping $1 . 00 to $2 . 00 For blisters, large size 75 For blisters, medium size 50 For advice and prescription at office , i . 00 For administering enema i .00 For setting fracture of upper extremi4:ies $5- 00 to $10.00 For setting fracture of lower extremities $10.00 to $20.00 For dislocation of upper extremities $5.00 to $10.00 I"or dislocation of lower extremities $10.00 to $20.00 For amputating fingers and toes, each 5 • 00 For amputating forearm 15 ■ 00 For amputating arm 10.00 For amputating leg 20. 00 For amputating thigh 25 . 00 For extirpating tumors $2.50 too $10.00 For opening abscess _. .50 For vaccination 50 BUCHAXAX COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 331 It was also a,efreed that no families would be engaged by the year, and that settlement in all cases was to be required either by note or cash as soon as the service was rendered. This agreement was signed by Josiah H. Crane, D. G. Keedy, J. L. Page, Thomas J. Todd, William B. Wood, J. N. Hays, B. V. Teel, Robert I\Iartin, R. A. H. Gray, William P. Flint and Delford Benton. Medical societies for the discussion of matters looking to the advancement of the profession have existed at various times, more particularly since the close of the rebellion. The most prominent of these were the District Medical Society of Northwest Missouri, which existed in the latter sixties and early seventies, and the St. Joseph Medieal Society, which was founded in 1877, reorganized in 1890, and which is in a flourishing condition at this time, with the following officers: Dr. P. I. Leonard, president; Dr. J. j\I. Richmond, vice-president; Dr. J. M. Bell, secretary, and Dr. J. H. Flynn, treasurer. Its membership is made up of the leading physi- cians of the city. A military organization which existed in St. Joseph during the war, and mention of which was unintentionally omitted from Chapter XIX., was Hartwig's Independent Company of Artillery, formed by Captain H. R. W. Hartwig in October of 1864. Captain Hartwig was commissioned by Governor Hall to form this company, the strength of which consisted of eighty-four men and four four-pound pieces. Joseph Andriano was first lieutenant, John Riplinger, sec- ond lieutenant, and Charles Barrington orderly. The company was on duty in this section and in Platte County, and was mustered out at the close of the war. The state fish hatchery, south of the city, was established in June of 1880. The citizens of St. Joseph subscribed $1,000, with which money ten acres of ground were purchased from Thomas A. Brown, the premises embracing what was called Brown's spring, a famous watering point with the farmers. The property was deeded to the State of Missouri, and the state fish commissioners caused the necessary buildings to be erected and a hatchery to be established, which is still in existence. Among the St. Joseph men who have been prominently connected with the fish commission were the late H. M. Garlich, also Dr. E. A. Donelan and Frank Yenawine. s 332 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH The practice of delivering groceries was established by Major H. R. W. Hartwig in 1865. At that time he was conducting a retail grocery store on Fourth street, south of Edmond street. Hfe sent to New York for a modern delivery wagon, which he placed in active service, in charge of Chris. Hubacher, now a prominent citizen of St. Joseph. "Voting on string" is a term that will be remembered by those who were active in politics during the reconstruction period and par- ticularly when the odious registration law was first put into opera- tion. Only those who were registered could vote. And only those who took the iron-clad oath were registered. There were those who were rejected by the registering officers, either for vaHd or political reasons, who announced that they would vote in spite of the pro- scription, and there were many indications of trouble. The election judges, like the registering officers, were all Republicans in those days. A council of the party leaders was called to decide upon the easiest and best way out of the impending difficulty. It was finally decided to receive all votes that were offered and to place the ballots of those who were registered in the regular box and to file the ballots of those not registered upon a string. The election was held without trouble. When an unregistered voter appeared he was greeted with courtesy, voted his ticket and departed well satisfied. But his ballot went on the string and was not counted. This trick was practiced and kept secret until the political condition had changed and the presence of Democratic judges made it unsafe for the Republicans to continue the practice. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 333 ERRATA. The object of publishing these chapters in The Daily News was to obtain corrections of any errors that might have been made in the compilation. There was a liberal response to this request, and where the corrections were sent in before matter went to the book press, the errors were rectified. Some, however, came too late for this, and the corrections will he found below : On page 59, the name of William M. Sherwood appears in the list of prosecuting attorneys. This should be William E. Sherwood. On page 60 it is stated that Edwin Toole, the first clerk of the circuit court of Buchanan County, was still alive. Since that chapter was written Mr. Toole died. On page 82 Aquilla Jones is mentioned as an '.arly smith and plowmaker. This name should be Aquilla Morrow. On page 117 it is stated that Mitchell Park was the gif; of James Mitchell. This should read A. M. Mitchell. On page 118 it is stated that Mayor Shepherd appointed the first board of park commissioners. Captain Posegate writes from St. Louis that this is an error; that he appointed a board of park com- iTiissioners when mayor, 1882-84. On page 136 it is stated that prior to 1877 there was no regularly employed attorney to give advice to the city officers and to defend suits against the city. It was the duty of the city attorney to do this. It is also stated, on page 137, that M. A. Reed served three years as counselor, and that James Limbird served two. This is an error. Mr. Reed served two years and Mr. Limbird three years — two years imder Mayor Hartwig, and one year under Mayor Doyle. Several errors occurred in Chapter XVI., concerning the public schools, which are corrected in a communication from Secretary Smith of the St. Joseph school board, of which the following is the important part: "The total outstanding bonded debt at this date is not $415,000, but $359,500, as follows: Five per cent bonds, issue of August i, 1888, $76,000; 4 per cent bonds, issue of April 2, 1894, $187,000; 4 per cent refunding bonds, issue of Feb. 15, 1898, $96,500. The issue of 1888 for the erection of school houses was originally $100,000, but has been reduced $24,000. The issue of 1894 for the same purpose was originally $200,000, but has been reduced $13,000. The issue of r898 for $100,000 was for the purpose of refunding 5 per cent bonds 334 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH of the original issue of $115,000, the amount having been reduced to that figure. This latter issue has been further reduced $3,500, leaving the bonded indebtedness at the present time as above stated. In the issue of December 16 you give the time as six years that Professor Neely had been conducting a classical school ; he informs me this should read nine years. In the issue of December 21 the date of the erection of the Crosby School is given as 1889; this should be 18S0. In the issue of the 22d you have omitted the names of Louis Hax and E. R. Colhoun, each of whom served as president of the board. On pages 166 and 167 it is stated that the Ensworth hospital was in charge of the Order of Deaconnesses and the Fifth Street Metho- dist church. In fact the institution is in charge of the Deaconess Home and Hospital Association. On page 117 it is stated that Krug park was donated to the city upon certain conditions. These conditions were withdrawn by the Messrs. Krug in 1891, and the property was deeded to the city un- conditionally. On page 59, the name of Jonathan M. Bassett of St. Joseph is omitted from the list of county attorneys. On page 245 the date of the attempted train robbery at Roy's branch is given as September 25. It should be September 24, 1893. BIOGRAPHICAL JOSEPH ROBIDOUX — It is proper that the following biographical sketches of the living should be pre- ceded by those of some of the pio- neers who have gone before, and whose names are prominently con- nected with the early history and de- velopment of Buchanan County. Jo- seph Robido'Ux. the first of these, was born in St. Louis August lo, 1783. He was the eldest son of Joseph and Catherine Robidoux. He had five brothers — Antoine, Isadore, Francis, Michel and Louis and one sister. Of these, Antoine. Isadore and Fran- cis died and were buried at St. Joseph. The father of this family was a Canadian Frenchman, who went from Montreal to St. Louis, where he locat- ed" shortly after the settlement of that, place by the French. He accumulat- ed a fortune, became influential and occupied a large mansion. The first general assembly of the state of Mis- souri did him the honor of holding its first session at his house, in De- ceinber of 1812. He educated his chil- dren as liberally as was possible in those days. Joseph, the eldest of the boys, mar- ried Eugenie Delslille, at St. Louis, when he was eighteen years of age. There was one child by this union- Joseph .E. Robidoux, who spent his life among the Indians, and who died some years ago near White Cloud, Kan. Four years after this marriage the wife died. After her death the widowed husband became a wanderer. He visited New Orleans and different points along the lower Mississippi, and then went north, locating upon the present site of Chicago, as an Indian trader. He was robbed by the In- dians in a short time and returned to St. Louis. Soon thereafter he made a trip up the Missouri River with one of the Chouteaus in the interest of the American Fur Company, going as far north as Council Bluffs. Robi- doux returned to St. Louis, purchas- ed a stock of goods and returned to the "Bluffs," in the fall of 1809. He traded with the Indians there for thir- teen years, shipping his furs and pel- tries to St. Louis in keel boats. While dwelling at the "Bluffs'" in 1813, Robidoux married his second wife, who was JNIiss Angelique Vau- dry, also of St. Louis. By this union there were six sons — Faraon, Jules C, Francis B., Felix. Edmond and Charles. There was also one daugh- ter, who became Mrs. S. P. Beauvis, and who is said to be yet living at St. Louis. Edmond Robidoux went from here to Omaha some years ago and it is not known whether or not he is still alive. Mrs, Angelique Robi- doux, died in this city January 17, 1857. Robidoux was so potent a rival to the American Fur Company, also es- tablished at the Bluffs, that this con- cern brO'Ught him out with the stipula- tion that he should remain away for three years. During this period Rob- idoux lived at St. Louis, where he operated a bakery. After three years he announced his intention of again establishing a trading post. The fur 336 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH JOSEPH ROBIDOUX. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 337 company s representatives offered to place him in this neighborhood at a salary of $i,8oo per year, provided he would not interfere with the trade at the Bluffs. Accepting the proposi- tion he landed at the mouth of a creek now known as Roy"s Branch, r.orth of the city, in the fall of i8?6. Short- ly afterwards he moved to the mouth of Blacksnake creek, where he erected a small log house. In 1830 he became the sole proprietor of the trading post. Then he erected a large house, locat- ed about where the Occidental Hotel stands, northeast of Main and Jule streets. Robidoux's family lived at St. Louis during his early struggles here. He owned a r.egroi named Poulite. who knew French and who attended to the household duties. Robidoux spoke the various Indian dialects fluently. His English was broken and strongly flavored with the French accent. He was a heavily built man, about five feet ten inches in height, of swarthy complexion and with piercing eyes. He was a natural trader and highly successful in. his line. His manners were mild and persuasive and he was polite and hospitable. He died in this city on May 27, t868, nearly eighty- five years of age and was buried at Calvary cemetery, having been a Cath- olic. There was a public funeral. Business was suspended and the peo- ple generally participated in the last tribute to the founder of their city. Robidoux was, comparatively, a poor man at his death, having lost much of his property by unfortunate spec- ulations. AUSTIN A. KING, the first judge to hold court in Buchanan County, was born in Sullivan County, Tenn., Sept. 20, 1801 : came to Missouri in 1830; in 1834 was chosen to the legis- lature; in 1837 was appointed judge of the Sth circuit, to which Buchanan County was attached when organized; served until he was elected governor in :848. In i860 he was a delegate to Cliarleston where he supported Stephen A. Douglas. He subsequent- ly took the ground that the war was unnecessary. In 1862 he was again made circuit judge, but resigned to go to Congress, where he served 1863-65, He then devoted himself to farming and the practice of his profession. He died .\pril 2-^. 1870. PETER H. BURNETT, the first circuit attorney who prosecuted in Buchanan County, was born in Nash- ville, Tenn. He was appointed circuit attorney of the 5th judicial circuit in 1837, and after serving, resigned to go to Oregon. In 1848 he went from Oregon to California, of which state he was the first gover- nor, and afterwards one of the judges of the supreme court. He published "The Path Which Led a Protestant Lawyer to the Catholic Church," 'i860); "The American Theory of Government Considered With Refer- ence to the Present Crisis," (1861); "Recollections of an Old Pioneer," (1878);, and '"Reasons Why We Should Believe in God, Love God and Obey God," (1884). He. died :May 17, 1895. ROBERT M. STEWART, Mis- souri's eccentric governor, was born in Truxton, N. V,, on March 12. 1815. He taught school when he was seven- teen and until he was twenty years oT age. He then went to Kentucky, studied law and was admitted to the bar at Louisville. In 1839 he came to Buchanan County and located in Blooniington township, practicing law at Sparta and at Blacksnake Hills, wherever the court happened to sit. In 1845 he was elected to the state constitutional convention and soon gained well deserved reputation as a debator. From 1846 to 1857 he was a member of the state senate. In 1857, M s BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH when Governor Polk resigned, he was elected as a Democrat. He was a delegate from Buchanan County to the convention of 1861. He was not in favor of abolition, but he was against secession, and ardently sup- ported the Union. In fact his decided stand against secession, when so much .seemed to depend upon the action of Missouri, helped to save the state to the Union, and made his action one of national consideration. He was one of the projectors of the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. and helped to sur- rey the line and by his eloquence and togic. to secure the right of way. He was a bachelor and a man of many eccentricities. He died September 21, 1871 and there was general suspension of business in St. Joseph upon the day of his funeral. His remains were buried at Mount Mora. The follow- ing, which recently appeared in the Jefferson City Tribune, as a contribu- tion from Col. Jacob T. Child, illus- trates the character of Governor Stewart: "When Missouri was in the turmoil Cjf the gigantic struggle between the two .great sections of the Republic, Bob Stewart of St. Joseph defeated Gen. James S. Rollins of Boone, one of the greatest men of the then West, for governor. Then Jefferson City was comparatively a small village, the gubernatorial mansio'n,a frail old frame building, occupying the same site where the present mansion stands. It was a time of vast changes. Every- thing was in an embryotic state. Stewart was a 'Bourbon' in the full sense of the word. A New Yorker, he took the Union side of the cause, 6ut the tide of secession was so strong that he could not stem the current, and he* passed down and out with but regrets. His administration was novel in the extreme for many of his actions. As soon as he was inaugurated he had his private secretary, Dr. Peabody, fill out a pardon for Williaiij Langstoil, a prisoner from Si, Jos/ph, charged with aiding in thfe wliipping of a man of worthless character/ to death. As soon as he could get/away from the Capitol he went to the penitentiary and called for Langston. The old man was employed in digging a well. Stew- art went to the brink and calkd him up. As he stepped out of the bucket, the Governor slapped him on the back, exclaiming, 'Billy, old man, let me greet you as a "free man for all time,' and handed him his pardon. Langston had befriended Stewart when he was an invalid and had no friends. "Another time the Governor had been 'social' with a number of friends and in the 'we sma' ' hours called for his horse, rode rapidly up the stairs into the reception room, ordered his servant to open the piano and pour in on the key board a peck of oats, re- marking, with an oath, that his horse had just as much right to food and re- freshments as the balance of mankind. The hoof marks of the horse could be seen on the stairway until the old mansion had been demolished. Feel- ing the influence of stimulations to excess, he imagined that he had snakes in his boots, and, sending for a pint of camphor, he poured it into his shoes; he pulled them on, and by night the snakes were gone, as well as all of the skin off of his feet. His pardoning of the female convicts is known to all, and the employment of them in the mansion, where they stole things ad libitum. Notwithstanding these eccentricities he made a good governor. While he was drinking he would never sign a state paper. He was an urgent advocate of internal im- provements, and ^as president of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, never ceased his labors in favor of that great highway till the gleaming steel con- nected the Mississippi and the Mis- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 3i9 souri, which aided materially in the war of the sections. His reception of the Prince of Wales in St. Louis was so courteous that Albert Edward pro- nounced him the most Dolished man he had met in the states. But the worm of the still was working in his vitals; he was his worst enemy. Prior to his death I was his major. He was appointed colonel of volunteers under Fremont, bvit excessive drinking caus- ed General Halleck to relieve him of his command. After that he lived a life of Bohemianism in St. Joseph, till the dark wings of Azrael overshad- owed him, passing away comparative- ly friendless, and if I mistake not, the grassy hillock that covers his remains has no memorial to mark the spot. "Thus one of ^lissouri's most fam- ous governors passed away, and he is mostly known for deeds that should be forgotten, rather for those that should halo his memory. Visiting the state capitol and mingling with its progressive people I could not help thinking when Bob Stewart was the brave fellow well-met , with all, and wiiose name was a household word from the Ozarks to the lowas. I offer this laurel leaf in the columns of the Tribune to. the memory of a man that might have been worthy of much to imperial Missouri, but he fell by the wayside and passed away as an' arrow shot through the air." WILLARD P. HALL— This name also figures prominently in the history of Missouri. He was born at Har- per's Ferry, Va., May 9. 1820, and graduated from Yale College. In 1842 he came to Buchanan County and practiced law at Sparta. Governor Reynolds appointed him circuit attor- ney. In 1844 he was a Democratic Presidential elector and had the honor of carrying the vote of the state elec- tors for James K. Polk, to Washing- ton. In 1846, while a candidate for Congress against Judge Birch of Clin- ton County, he abandoned the cam- paign and enlisted as a private in the First ^lissouri cavalry, upon a call for troops to fight Mexico. He went with Gen. Kearney's expedition, under CoL .Alexander W. Doniphan, as far as Santa Fe. He was detailed to aid Colonel Doniphan in preparing a code of laws for the government of the ter- ritory of New Mexico. While thus engaged he was notified that he hai been elected to Congress. As the Congress to which lie had been elect- ed did not meet until December, 1847, he decided to go with General Kear- ney to California. He was in Con- gress for six years. He was elected as one of the representatives of Buch- anan County to the convention of 1861 and was so ardent in his opposi- tion of secession, that when the con- vention assumed control of the state he was made lieutenant governoj. During the war he was prominent in the direction ■ of military affairs and upon the death of Governor Gamble, January 31, 1864, General Hall was made governor, which office he filled until the inauguration of Governor Fletcher, January i, 1865. He then resumed his law practice in St. Jo- seph, and was classed as one of Mis- souri's greatest lawyers. He died November 3, 1882. He was twice married — to his first wife, Miss Annie E. Richardson, in 1847 and to hit second wife. Miss Ollie L. Oliver, ia 1864. Of his children, Judge Willard P. Hall lives in St. Joseph. SILAS WOODSON, the third Buchanan County man to fill the gov- ernor's chair, was born in Knox County, Ky., May 18, 1819. He worked on his father's farm, attended the log cabin school in the neighbor- hood and spent his leisure time m reading and study. He clerked for a time in a country store and then took up the study of law. He was admit- ted to the bar in 1S42. In 1842 be J40 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH was a member of the Kentucky legis- lature, and from 1843 to 1848 he was eircuit attorney In 1849 he was elect- ed to the Kentucky constitutional convention. In 1853 he was again a member of the Kentucky legislature and in August of 1854 he came to St. Joseph, where he opened a law office. In i860 he was elected judge of the Twelfth judicial circuit. He was a Union man during the war and was on the staff of General Willard P. Hall. In 1872 he was nominated by the Democrats for governor and de- feated John B. Henderson, the Re- publican candidate. At the expiration of his term he restimed the practice of law in St. Joseph. In 1885 he was appointed judge of the criminal court of Buchanan county, which position he held until 1895, when he retired owing to failing health. He died Octo- ber 9, 1896. During his last illness he embraced the Catholic faith. He was married three times. His last wife was Miss Jennie Lard, daughter of Rev. Moses E. Lard, whom he married December 29, 1866, and who, with two daughters, survives him. He was a man of high character and a power- ful advocate before a jury. M. JEFF THOMPSON. — This man figured as a brilliant genius in the early history of St. Joseph. General Thompson was born at Harper's Ferry, Va., January 22, 1826. His father Captain Merriweather Thomp- son, a prominent citizen of that place, was a native of Hanover County; Vir- ginia. He was for years in the pay- master's department of the United States army at Harper's Ferry. The proper name of the subject of this sketch was Merriweather. The appel- lation "Jeff" was a nick-name applied in childhood, and the manner in which he acquired his middle name is some- what amusing. It appears that in early life, the future general was anything but a studious child, indeed, was sore- ly addicted to playing |Tuant, and hav- ing in numerous insta-tices of desertion from school been found perched on the top of a scavenger's cart driven by an ancient darkey, who rejoiced in the name of Jeff Carlyle. By way of shaming the young runaway and. re- claiming him from his objectionable habit, his friends called him "Jeff Carlyle." The name, however, clung to him through life and after he had attained to manhood, and emigrated from his native home tO' St. Joseph, many who knew him as "Jeff," and were ignorant or oblivious of the fact that it was a nick-name, continued so to address him. Powers of attorney were made out to him in this name under which, of course, he could not act, and in consequence he induced the legislature to legally affix "Jeff" to his name. On leav- ing home in 1846, he stopped in Lib- erty. Clay county, Missouri,, where he clerked in a store about a year, at the end of which period he moved to St. Joseph and engaged as a clerk in the house of Middleton & Riley, remain- ing in the store till 1852, when he went in their interest to Great Salt Lake City. Returning in vhe fall, he started in partnership "tvith Major Bogle, a grocery store in St. Joseph. He sub- sequently closed out his store and ac- compauied, in the capacity of com- missary, the surveyors of the Hanni- bal & St. Joseph railroad. He after- wards returned from Hannibal in charge of a surveying party, having acquired during his trip by close ap- plication, a competent knowledge of practical surveying. He was entrusted with the task of constructing the west- ern division of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, and remained in that position up to the period of its com- pletion in February. 1859. In 1858 he filled the office of city engineer, and in 1859 was elected mayor. He was pres- ident of the Maryville or Palmetto & BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 341 Roseport railroad (now St. Joseph & member of the firm of Harbine & Grand Island), secretary of the St. Thompson. He saw a great future in Joseph & Topeka Railroad company, the railroad to the west, and had not now out of existence; was a member the circumstances prevented, he might M. JEFF THOMPSON. of the Elwood Town company, and have given St. Joseph the first com- at the same time engaged in the real mercial place in this region. He estate business in St. Joseph, being a was a military man also, and in i860 342 BUCHAXAX COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH^ and 1861 was colonel of a regiment of state guards. At the critical moment he cast his fortunes with the south and gave all of his wonderful energy and enthusiasm to that cause. The incident of taking the union colors from the postoffice is related in chap- ter IX. He made a t)riniant record as a soldier, attained the rank of briga- dier general and was known as "Swamp Fox." Toward the close of 1864, being convinced that his cause was lost, he surrendered his command to the federal authorities, and for a time was a prisoner on Johnson Isl- and, near Sandusky, O. As soon as he was released he accepted the situa- tion and was one of the first of the southern leaders to become recon- structed. Locating in New Orleans after the close of the war he engaged in the grocery and liquor business for a short time, and then, through the influence of General A. L. Lee, who had been a banker in St. Joseph and president of the Elwood Town com- pany, General Thompson was appoint- ed surveyor general of Louisiana, a position which he held for eight years, and the duties of which were so ardu- ous as tO' completely break down his CD'HStitution. Obtaining a leave of absence he traveled for a time and then came to St. Joseph, where he became bedfast and died at the Paci- fic house, on September 5, 1876. His remainst rest at Mount Mora .ceme- tery. He was a brother to Charles M. Thompson, formerly recorder of the city, and many years deputy under Samuel D. Cowan, clerk of the cir- cuit court, and who now resides in California. Broaddus Thompson, a prominent attorney here, who was noted for his refinement and culture, was also a brother. General Thomp- son was married at Liberty, j\Io., in 1848, to Miss Emma Hays, of Balti- more. Mrs. Al. Bailey of, this city, is an offspring of this union.* OLIVER MARTIN SPENCER— Judge Spencer comes from one of those prominent pioneer families of the West who have left such worthy examples and honorable names to their posterity. He was born on the old Spencer homestead, in Crawford Township, Buchanan county, ^lo., August 23, 1850. His father, ~ Obadiah M. Spencer, was a native of North- Carolina; his mother, Nancy Williams Spencer, a native of Kentucky. His parents came to Missouri in 1837. It was Judge Spencer's good fortune to see much of life and men when he was a boy. His father, 'who was one of the leading citizens of the Platte Purchase, resided near the line of Platte county, in the "hot-bed" of Southern sympa- thizers. "Tom," as he was nicknamed, and his four brothers were one day in the company of the rebels, commonly called "bushwhackers," and the next with the Union troops. The boys in- clined toward the cause of the South, but their father determined that his sons should neither fight tO' destroy the Union or oppose those with whom he sympathized, and accordingly sent the older boys across the plains to Denver with a wagon train of freight. "Tom," being too young, remained at home to do active field work — that is, in the corn field. Too young to ex- cite the partisan animosity and sus- picion of the contending adherents of North and South, he was still old enough and shrewd enough to appre- ciate the constant danger that menaced his parents, and with the ubiquity of boyhood he assisted in no small degree in the efforts of his parents to pre- serve their lives and property from the ravages of war. An incident occurred in 1865, that determined the career of young Spencer. The pedagogue who was teaching his "young ideas how to shoot" concluded one day that his pupil would have to be disciplined on account of a fight he had engaged in BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 343 with Zeke Whittington at the Spencer school house, in Buchanan county. The youngster, however, differed with the instructor about the necessity for such a proceeding, and while the teacher went after the switch with which to bestow the chastisement, "Tonv' tackled Zcke another round or two and then took French leave, and when the teacher returned he had to be satisfied with whipping Zeke. roundings. went again to St. Joseph, this time to become a student of the high school. This was in 1868, and during the following year he entered the State University at Columbia, Mo. In 1871 he became a student at the Christian University at Canton, Mo., from which he was graduated with one of the honors of the institution in 1873. Subsequently., he read law at Leavenworth, residing with his pa- OLIVBR M. SPENCER. The next morning his father sent him to the Raffington school at St. Jo- speh, where he remained for a year and made rapid progress in his studies. He has often said that he owes his present vocation in life to Zeke Whit- tington, whom for many years he has counted as one of his best friends. After the ending of the school year, young Spencer returned to his fath- er's farm, and after another twelve- month spent amidst its natural sur- rents, who had in the meantime re- moved to Kickapoo, Kan., six miles north of Leavenworth. To reach the office, he was in the habit of riding to the city each morning on horse- back and returning home in the even- ing. In 1874 he entered the law school at Harvard. The following year he opened an office for the practice of his profession at St. Joseph. Like nearly every Missouri lawyer who has made his mark on his time, Judge 344 BUCHAXAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH Spencer passed through the school of the Prosecuting Attorneyship. The ex- perience therein gained is generally of immediate pecuniary value, as it serves to bring before the people from whom his clients must come, and gives him many opportunities to measure his ability against the experience and skill of his older professional breth- ren. It is likewise -useful in giving the young professional a knowledge of the criminal law, which is not without its value though he practices afterward wholly in the civil branch. Young Spencer was elected and began his term as prosecutiiig attorney of Bu- chanan county in 1880, serving the full two years term. During this time he was a member of the legal firm con- sisting of Williard P. Hall, Jr., and himself, which was known as Spencer & Hall. A decade of practtice had won the favorable opinion of the people of the populous county of Buchanan. It is therefore no surprise to learn that the people acquiesced in the action of representatives of the Democratic party, when in 1886, they nominated Mr. Spencer for circuit judge. It is a fact of special significance and which speaks eloquently of the favor with which he was viewed, that the Repub- lican lawyers of the circuit joined in the call and refused to nominate a candidate against him, a compliment as certainly without political bias as the estimate of his character and fit- ness, from such a source, was reliable and worthy of consideration. Judge Spencer's term on the bench was char- acterized by capability and impartially. He did not occupy the bench the full term, however, as at the end of four years he resigned to accept the posi- tion of general solicitor of the Bur- ligton railroad system in ^ITfsouri, and he still occupies that place. He was, at one time, a member of the firm of Spencer, Burnes & Mosman, recog- nized as one of the strongest legal combinations of the state. Judge Spencer was married in 1875 to Miss Lillian, daughter of Jo- seph Tootle and a niece of the late Jililton Tootle, during his life one of the wealthiest merchants of St. Jo- seph. Her mother was a sister of James McCord. Mrs. Spencer was a lady of rare accomplishments, but died in 1880, at the age of 24 vears, when her youngest child was only 12 months old. Two bright boys were born to Judge and M.rs. Spencer; Harry Heddens, born July 20, 1877, and Edwin O. M., born July 4, 1879. On March 5, 1895, Judge Spencer Avas married to Miss Katherine Turner, of Columbia, Md., a daughter of Col. and Mrs. S. Turner. Thev have a fine baby boy, to whom they have named Tom. COL. 10HN DONIPHAN is a de- scendant of Don Alfonso Iphan, a Spanish cavalier, knighted by the king of Spain for gallantry on the battle- field. Don Iphan went to Scotland, where the name became anglicised in- to Doniphan. His son accompanied John Smith to Jamestown in 1607, and in 1650, his grandson, who had mar- ried a Miss Mott, was banished by Cromwell, with the Mott family, to Virginia. Charles the Second reward- ed their services with a grant of land in the Northern Neck. This fell to one I\fott Doniphan, according to the records of King George county, and his descendants lived there until the revolution. In 1791 Joseph Doniphan, one of the descendants, and the grandfather of our subject, emigrated tO' Kentucky with his family and spent the first winter in a double log cabin at the mouth of Limestone (now Maysville) with Simon Kenton. He settled and died in Mason county. His son Thom- as, the father of our subject, after the war of 1812, settled in Brown county, Ohio, in order to emancipate a large family of slaves held by inheritance. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 345 He bought a tract of land, built a record, and is the oldest lawyer by cabin for each and gave them $50 and continued service now at the bar. a horse apiece. It was here John was Colouel Doniphan was the first pres- born, July 12, 1826. His father dy- ident of the Weston, Atchison & St. ing while he was young he learned the Joseph railroad, now the K. C, St. J. printer's art at Maysville, Kentucky, & C. B. and was for ten years an at- and in 1844 he entered the clerk's of- torney for it; he resigned in 1870 to fice. through the kindness of Colonel build the Atchison branch of the Chi- Marshall Key, county and circuit cago & Southwestern, and in 1872 was clerk for Mason county, and read elected attorney of the St Joseph & law. In 1846 he came to Missouri to Denver City, now the Grand Island, JOHN DONIPHAN. accompany his uncle. Colonel Alex- ander W. Doniphan, on his expedi- tion to Chihuahua, but being dissa- pointed. returned to Kentucky and graduated at the law school at Louis- ville in the class of 1847; and in 1848 returned to Missouri and settled at Weston, then the second city in the state. On the first day of April, 1849, he became a member of the bar of Buchanan County, as shown by the which enabled him vo add many miles of railroad to the city of St. Joseph, and held the position for fifteen years. For eight years he was a manager of the Asylum board and part of the time president. In 1S54 Colonel Doniphan was elected as a Whig to the legislature in Platte county by 106 votes against 600 Democratic majority, the first Whig ever elected to office in the county in 346 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST, JOSEPH a contest. In 1862 he was elected as lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-ninth Missouri militia and was in active service much of the time to the end of the war. In 1862 he was elected to the senate and served four years, and in 1867 to the house. Both positions were without opposition and involved great responsibility. Afterwards he was lected judge of the court of com- mon pleas in his absence and without his knowledge. He was one of the first and riost effe,ctive campaigner's against the test oath and other ob- noxious features of the Drake consti- tution, and his attitude subjected him to much personal risk in those troublesome times. Colonel Doniphan has been an enthusiastic Odd Fellow for fifty years, and has filled the po- sition of Grand Master and Grand Representative. He has achieved fame as a lawyer, as an orator and as a historian. He has given much of his time to the public wfthout the hope of reward, holding this to be one of the duties of correct citizenship. In April of 1898, he consented to be- come a candidate on the Democratic ticket for the office of police judge, and was elected by an overwhelming vote to this position, which he now holds. Colonel Doniphan was married November 18, 1852, to Fannie Thorn- ton, daughter of Colonel John Thorn- ton, one of the pioneers of Clay coun- ty, Mo. They had three sons, all of whom are .dead. Mrs. Doniphan is a noble woman, who has given much of her time and means to charity, and who is now at the head of several Christian and philanthropical organi- zations, ENOS CRAIG, ex-sheriff, ex-city marshal and ex-county clerk, was born in Holmes county, Ohio, April 27, 1829, and came to St, Joseph in 1850; went to California in 185,? and re- turned to St, Joseph in 1859. He was elected sheriff in 1862, serving two years, was mail agent about fifteen years; city marshal twice, deputy United States marshal twice, and in 1894, was declared elected county clerk' over Robert M. Nash, Democrat. Held the office about six months and was forced to retire, under Judge A. M. Woodson's desision, the election hav- ing been contested. He was married to Miss Emily Barnes, April 4, 1852, and they have four children. GEORGE M. HAUCK, a veteran miller was born June 15, 1831, in Ger- many, and came to America when i year old. He lived at Cincinnati and in Indiana till 1865, when he came to St. Joseph and engaged in the milling business. He was city collector from 1872 to 1874. Was married in 1863 to Miss Elizabeth Becker, in Indiana. She died August 20, 1867, leaving him one boy. In 1869 he was marrie,d to Miss Catherine Wagner, who with three girls is still living. THOMAS PERRY GORDON, live stock commission and grain mer- chant, was born in Andrew county. Mo., August ■'O 1858. He -attended the St. Joseph high school, and since 1887 has been engaged in his present busi- nesis, his office being No, 33 Board of Trade building, Mr, Gordon was mar- ried December 25, 1883, at Morrill, Kna., to. Miss Lena Watts, who was born in Indiana in 1867, They have two children, a boy and a girl, ORRILLIS E, SHULTZ, assistant prosecuting attorney, was born in Gentry county, February 21, 1871, his father being a farmer. He attended school at the Northwest, Missouri col- lege, Albany and at Clarence, Mo., later taking a course in thg Missouri State University, from which he grad- uated in 1898. Came to St, Joseph in June, 1898, and began to practice law; was appointed assistant prosecuting at- torney January i, 1899, BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 347 DR. MILTON B. TOWNSEND was born in this city May 15, 1868. His fatlier, John Townsend, is one of the most prominent business men in St. Joseph. Dr. Townsend was edu- cated in the St. Joseph public schools, and then took up the study of medi- cine, taking a thorough course and graduating with high honors from the Jefferson medical college, Philadel- Republican; he represented the second ward in the city council for two years, and was a member of the first non- partisan school board. He was married at Lafayette, Mo., in 1882, to Miss Eliza O. Shindel. and they have two children, a boy and a girl. RICE D. GILKEY, city treasurer, was born in Kentucky, January 31, DR. M. B. TOWNSEND. phia. He was assistant physician at the Home of the Friendless, was as- sistant demonstrator of anatomv at Ensworth medical college and physi- cian to the Free Kindergarten. DAVID E. MARSHALL, contrac- tor, was born at Lewes, Del., Septem- ber 18, 1856, and came West in 1881, locating in St. Joseph, and engaging in the building business, as a contrac- tor of brick work. Mr. Marshall is a 1841, and came to St. Joseph in 1865. He was manager of the Pacific Hotel for fourteen years, after which he en- gaged in the grocery business; from 1884 to 1887 was coal oil inspector for St. Joseph. In 1896 he was elected city treasurer and the first Democrat to hold that office in twenty-five years. He was re-elected in 1898 and is now serving his second term. He was mar- ried in St. Joseph in 1871 to Miss Joan McDonald. 348 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH HATHON G. GETCHELL, man- ager of the Merchants' Transfer com- pany, was born in Bath, INIaine. in August, 1855. His father was a native of New Brunswick, and was a ship- builder and contractor and builder. Our subject had a high school and business education, then learned the roofer's trade, and after a partnership with his father, located in Memphis, Tenn., where he engaged in the roof- ing business, remaining until 1884, when he came to St. Joseph and was engaged with the St. Joseph Gas com- pany. A year later he formed the St. Joseph Roofing company in partner- ship with C. H. Nash. Two years later he went into partnership with James N. Burnes, Jr., in the street paving business, which was successfully car- ried on for several years. Mr. Getchell meantime inventing a new paving known as "Getchell's Composite Pav- ing." He was also general manager and secretary of the Empire Loan As- sociation, which he was instrumental in organizing. Was appointed internal revenue collector in 1889, but resigned eighteen rrionths later. He is now the manager" of the Merchants' Transfer company. Mr. . Getchell is piroininent in Masonic circles, aiid is an active Republican. He was married February 10, 1880, to Minnie, daughter of Ex- State Senator Thomas L. Whetstone, of Cincinnati, and she has borne him four children, two girls and two boys. JAMES W. MYTTON, prosecut- ing attorney of Buchanan county, is a native of London, England, where he was born in i86g. He came to America in 1879, remained in New York City one year, then removed to Iowa, and came to St. Joseph in 1886, and worked for the American Express company. In 1888 he began the study of law with Green & Burnes and was admitted to the bar in 1890. He was elected city attorney in 1894, and gained his present position in 1898, after serving two years as assistant under W. B. Norris. He was married June I, 1893, to Miss Mary C. Hills, of Ottumwa, la. COL. JOHN F. TYLER, real es- tate, loans and insurance, is a native of Jenesville, Va., born September 12, 1838. Mr. Tyler graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1859, and went to Lexington, Mo., where he taught school. He entered the army in 1861, as a private, was elected major; later was colonel of the First Missouri, was in charge of the Southwestern Missouri, district; came to St. Joseph in 1865; was merchant and farmer till 1872, when he began practicing law, and later engaged in his present busi- ness. He was married in Lexington, Mo., November 9, 1862, to Miss Jane E. Spratt, who did May 8, 1887. JOHN DE CLUE, proprietor of the St. Joseph planning mill, and a prominent building contractor, is a native of New York city, where he was born in 1821, and where he was educated and learned the carpenter trade. In 1848 he went to Illinois, but returned to New York in 1852, where he remained till 1859, when he came to St. Joseph. He has built up an en- viable reputation as a contractor and builder. The court house, the Tootle residence and other fine structures, are monuments to his skill. DR. CHARLES H. DARBY, den- tist, was born in Chenango County, N. Y., July 2, 1845, and graduated from the Pennsylvania Dental college. He came to St. Joseph in 1866, and has achieved fame in his profession; has held the position of president of the State Dental Association. He was mar- ried in 1881 to a daughter of Judge Leonard, of Fayette, Mo., and their daughter is the wife of George B. Dunbar, auditor of the C, B. & ,Q. R. R. Co., of Chicago. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 349 JACOB GEIGER. M. D., one of a miller. Our subject came to Ameri- the foremost surgeons in the west, ca in a sailing vessel in 1856, with his was born July 25, 1848, in Wurtem- mother, and went in Illinois, where DR. JACOB GEIGER. burg, Germany. His father, Anton the two sons had previously located. Geiger, was a real estate dealer. His In the spring of 1858, the entire fam- mother's maiden name was jMaria G. ily moved to Brown county, KaiL, Eberhart, and she was the daughter of where the mother died in the following 3S& BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH N.jvember, Jacob then came to St. Joseph and worked for a dairyman. In i860 he went to Illinois, worked on a farm and attended school, returning to St. Joseph in 1865 and entering bis brother's grocery as a clerk. In 1866 he graduated from Bryant's bus- iness college and then worked as ■weighmaster for a time in a pork packing house. He had been reading medicine with Dr. Galen E. Bishop far some time, which he continued while clerking in a drug store. In 1868 lie began to practice medicine, con- tinuing until 1870, when he entered ihe University of Louisville, gradua- ting in 1872. Returning to St. Joseoh he practiced general medicine with ex- ceptianal success until 1890, when he confined his practice to surgery. Dr. G'eiger was one of the prime movers in the organization of the St. Joseph Hospital iNledical college, where he filled the chair of anatomy. In 1880 be helped organize the college of Physicians and Surgeons, in which he filled the chair of surgery, which po- sition he assumed when the two col- leges were consolidated in 1883; was also dean of the faculty, which posi- tion he held until 1889, when the name of the college was changed to Ens- worth, in accordance with the bequest of the late Samuel Ensworth. He is a life trustee of this college. In 1890 he was one of the organizers of the .Marion Sims Medical college at St. Louis, where he delivered lectures twice a week for several years. Dr. Gerger started the Medical Herald in 1887, which is still in existence. He is a member of numerous medical as- sociations and takes a keen interest in matters pertaining to the advance- ment of his profession. He was mar- ried in 1887 to Louise, daughter of William Kollatz. Mrs. Geiger was born at Atchison, Kan. Dr. Geiger is an active Republican, and was four years a member of the city council. He is a Mason, and in religion a Presby- terian. PURD B. WRIGHT, librarian of the Free Public Library, was bom near Weston. Platte County, Mo., Sept. 4, i860. His father died in 1865, and, with his mother, he fnoved in 1867 to Cameron, where he went to school and worked or. a farm untiT sixteen, when he learned the printers' trade, and was for nine years on the Vindica- tor as printer, reporter and editor. He came to St. Joseph in 1883 and was city editor of the Herald, resigning in April of 1885 to become city clerk, which position he held until 189S, un- der Mayors Hartwig, Doyle, Engle- hart ahd Sheoherd. He was instru- mental in establishing the Free Public Library; was secretary of the Com- mercial Club in 1895-96; has been li- brarian for three years. He was mar- ried to Miss Lulu yi. Floyd at Sioux City, Iowa, in 1885. DR. ARTILEUS V. BANES was born near Zanesville, Ohio, Feb. 19, 1845, where he received his primary education; came to St. Joseph in April, 1858, with his step-father, the late Judge John A. Dolman. He took a classical course with Professor E. B. Neely of St. Joseph and in i860 went to Denver and later to Montana, where he was successful in mining for four years. Returning to St. Joseph, he read medicine, was graduated from Jefferson College, Philadelphia, in 1868, and has become celebrated in his profession. He was married in Philadelphia, March, 1873, to Miss Bessie Davis. ALFRED G. STEERE, bookkeep- er, was born at Providence, R. I., Jan. 31, 1864. He attended schools at Prov- idence and at Dundee, N. Y.; came to St, Joseph in October, 1887, and tor three years kept the St. Charles Hotel. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 351 DR. OSiNION B. CAMPBELL, one of the leading physicians and surgeons of St. Joseph, was born in Alliance, Stark county, Ohio, March 8, i860. The doctor is of Scotch descent, his paternal grandfather having been a native of Scotland. Dr. Campbell's father, the Kev. D B. Campbell, was a circuit rider and minister of the M. K. church in Ohio and Pennsylvania, se\eral years and obtained a large practice. In 1887 he came to St. Joseph where the field was larger and he has now as extensive a clientage as any physician in the city. While at Easton the doctor entered and graduated from the Jefferson Medical college of Philadelphia. He became one of the directors of the and DR. OSMON B. CAMPBELL,. prior to the civil war. Our sub- ject came with his parents to Doniphan county, Kansas, in 1869, and he attended school at Highland University. At the age of 19 he began the study of medicine, and graduated from the Northwestern Medical col- lege of St. Joseph in 1881. He then engaged in practice at Rising City, Neb., but soon located at Easton, Buchanan countv. where he remained later became prominent in the organi- zation of the Central Medical college. He is identified with several medical societies. His fame as a surgeon is widespread and he is often called to perform difficult operations at distant points. Dr. Campbell was married in Sept., 1881, to Miss Paralie Chesney, daughter of Dr. J. P. Chesney of this city. They have two children, both boys. 55^ Bl'CHAXAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH JOSEPH PORTER GRUBB, law- yer, was born in Pike county, 111., Feb- ruary 3. 1833. Ml'- Grubb received lit- tle education in his early youth, and began clerking at the age of 17. In 1853 he went to Weston, where he clerked a year and finally reached St. Joseph, where he read law with Judge Silas Woodson, and Bela M. Hughes. Was admitted to the bar in '56 and elected city attorney in i860. Then he was made circuit attorney for the twelfth district. From i86s to 1868, he practiced law and was circuit judge from "1872 to 1886. ^vith a short in- terval in which Judge Sherman served. Judge Grubb was circuit judge for a longer period than any other incumb- ant and is one of the oldest practic- oners at the Buchanan county bar. He was married October, 1857, to Miss Cora A. Keedy. JOHN C. WYATT, secretary and treasurer of the Townsend & Wyatt Dry Goods Company, son of Elder J. J. and Emily M. (Gooding) Wyatt, was born in St. Joseph August 11. 1845: was given a public school edu- cation, and began life in i860. In 1873 he became a member of the firm of Townsend & Wyatt. In 1890 he organized the Townsend, Wyatt & Emery Dry Goods Company: their store at Sixth and Edmond was burn- ed Sept. 25, 1893, and they then occu- pied their present quarters at Fifth and Felix, resuming the original firm name. Mr. Wyatt was married in 1875 to Miss Kate Garrard, near Centralia, Mo. She died in 1889, leaving three children. ALVAH PATEE CLAYTON, of Sheridan-Clayton Paper Company, was born at Ashley, Ohio, Dec. 27, i860, and came to St. Joseph with his parents in 1865. Here he attended school and then engaged in business, showing marked ability. He is now. in connection with J. J. Sheridan, at the head of one of the largest concerns w-est of the ^Mississippi. He has twice been elected president of the Commer- cial Club; was also potentate of Moila Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He was married in 1887 to Miss Mat- tie M. Gunn, and thej' have three boys. DR. HENRY W. WESTOVER, one of the most successful homeopath- ic physicians of the West, was born near Cleveland, Ohio, July i, 1851, and was reared in Iowa. He graduated from the Chicago ^ledical .College in 1871. Later he availed himself of hospital practice in New- York and abandoned allopathy for homeopathy. He came to St. Joseph in 1874 and has been successful . He is a close stiident and has made bacteriology a special study. He has held important posi- tions in the medical world, and is known all over the state. Dr. West- over married Miss ^lollie L. Christo- pher Oct. 29, 1879. CHARLES SANDERS SHEP- HERD, city clerk of St. Joseph, was born February i, 1866, at Valley Falls, Kan. His father Sanders R., was a native of Michigan, and his mother Hilary Crosby Shepherd, was born in JNIaine. ]\Ir. Shepherd lived in Troy, Kan., Kansas City, iNIo., Pueblo, Colo., and Leavenworth. Kan., till 1S92, when he came to St. Joseph. He is a machinist and was for some years a commercial traveler. He attended school at Troy, Kan. Mr. Shepherd was appointed city clerk in 1895, and is now serving his second term. He made a very complete revision of the city ordinances during his first term and did much toward simplifying and codifying the laws. He was inarried ]\Tay 9, 1897, to Miss Lenore Embrey. ]Mr. Shepherd was the founder of the Rr.yal Court, a very thriving secret order. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 353 DONAT BOEGLE.dealer in shoes, 423 Felix street, was born at Hauen- stein, grand duchy of Baden, Febru- ary 10, 1832, the son of Blasius Boegle. After learning the trade of shoemaker he came to the United States, locating in New York. In November of 1857, Tie came to St. Joseph, and began bus- iness in a small way. He prospered, and the business he established is now are Bertha (Mrs. W. H. Morlock), Oscar, Clara and Juliette. Mr. Boegle gave close attention to his business and was ever a robust man. Early id' January he took sick and his trouble developed into pneumonia, from which he died on January 18, 1898. The fu- neral services were held at Immacu- late Conception Catholic church, and his remains were laid away at Mount DONAT BOEGLE. one of the best retail houses in its line in the city. He was first married at Havre, France, and his wife died in this city. Of this union there were three children, two of whom, Henry O. and Mrs. John J. Neenan, sur- vive. November IS. 1864, he married Miss Katherine Von Arx, born at Neimdorff, Switzerland, in 1839, the daughter of Caspar and Maria Theresa Von Arx. Of this union there were eight children. Those who survive Olivet cemetery. His business is con- tinued by his heirs. STEPHEN S. BROWN, attorney was born February 14, 1846, in St. Lawrence county, N. Y. Mr. Brown went to DeKalb county. Mo., in 1869, where he practiced his profession un- til June I, 1882, when he came to St. Joseph. He has successfully conducted many of the most difficult cases tried in the courts of the district and state. 354 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. MAJOR T. J. CHEW, capitalist and loan broker, was born in Colum- bus, O., in 1838. He received his edu- cation at the best schools of Cincin- nati. After a brief stay in Iowa, he went to New York, and from 1858 till 1861, was in the insurance business there. He located in St. Joseph in 1861, and was in the wholesale grocery trade till 1874, when he engaged in the in the brokerage business. Major Chew served during the war, on the staff of General Willard P. Hall, and was quartermaster of the department of St. Joseph. From 1872 to 1873, he was president of the board of trade. Major Chew married Miss K. M. Forbes in 1861, whom he sur- vives. JOSEPH A. FINER, ex-mayor of St. Joseph, and member of the Mis- souri legislature, was born in Boone county, Ky., August 13, 1830; came to St. Joseph in 1862, and had a general store at Eleventh and Penn streets, vi'hich burned- ran a saw mill at Lake Contrary for twelve years, and then engaged in the omnibus business with Colonel Gates. Was mayor four years, and originated the city scrip; is now serving his second term in the legisla- ture. Was married in 1851 to Miss Elizabeth Maine, who- died in 1861, and in 1862 to Miss Sophie Bennett, who died in 1890. WILLIAM G. FAIRLEIGH, cap- italist, was born at Elizabethtown, Hardin county, Ky., February 9, 1830. Ln 1843 he came to Missouri with his parents, worked for Smith & Donnell and Milton Tootle and subsequently entered into partnership with the latter, and was- interested in nu- merous mercantile enterprises until his retirement from actual business. Was married in October, i860, to Miss Alice O'Neill, sister of Mrs. Kate Tootle. MAJOR H. R. W. HARTWIG was born at Niedermoellrich, province of Hessen, Germany, April 11, 1837, where he was educated. At the age of 17, he came to the United States, land- ing at New York. Thence he went to Cleveland, where he remained until the fall of 1857, when he came to St. Joseph. One year after his arrival he engaged in the retail grocery business, which he continued with success until 1863, when he went into the grain and produce trade for a year. In 1864 he embarked in the wholesale grocery and liquor business. In 1869 his broth- er, Ernest F., became a partner in the business, the grocery feature of which was abandoned in 1870. Ir^ 1888 Major Hartwig retired from the firm and the business is still conducted by E. F. Hartwig. Major Hartwig has taken an active interest in public affairs since he came to St. Joseph. At the outbreak of the civil war, he enlisted in Captain Harbine's company of militia and on August 21, 1862, was promoted by Governor Gamble to the rank of first lieutenant. In October of 1864, he organized Hartwig's Inde- pendent Artillery company, and was commissioned by Governor Hall as captain thereof. In October, 1865, when the Missouri militia was re-or- ganized he was commissioned by Gov- ernor Fletcher as major of the Sec- ond regiment. In 1867 Governor Fletcher did him further honor by ap- pointing his as a commissioner to reip- resent Missouri at the Paris exposi- tion. In 1870 he was elected city col- lector and served une term. In 1884 he was elected mayor of St. Joseph, and served two years. It was during Mayor Hartwig's administration that the most momentous event in the municipal history of St. Joseph oc- curred — the adoption of the charter making this a city of the second class. Only those who. were familiar with city affairs before the change thor- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 355 'r aiijp^i; ir- ' H. R. W. HARTWIG. 356 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. oughly realize the importance of this step. Mayor Hartwig was prominently identified with the board of trade and later with the Commercial club, oi which he was president from 1894 to 1897. In 1888 Major Hartwig was nominated for congress by the Re- publican party, of which he had been a prominent and active member since its earliest days That he was defeated was not to his discredit, for no man in this district could have over- come the late James N. Burnes, who was Major Hartwig's opponent. Since his retirement from the business he established in St. Joseph Major Hartwig has devoted his time to the management of his estates here and in the west. March 1, i860, he was married to Miss Carolina Kuechler, who died December 2, 1885. Of this union there sprang two soos, George Henry, born in i860, who is dead, and Ernst C, born January i, 1864, who survives, and who is cashier of the First National bank. March 24, '98, Major Hartwig was married a second time to Miss Emma Vegely, of this city, and they have but recently re- turned from an extended tour of Europe. JOHN .S. LEMON, capitahst, was born in Bullitt County, Ky.,_ August 15. 1833; came to St. Joseph, 1850; clerked in a store two years and was a partner ten years. From 1862 to 1870 was a partner of Isaac T. Hosea in the dry goods business; was presi- dent of the Merchants' Bank several years; was also administrator of the Tootle estate and curator of minor heirs. The Tootle-Lemon Bank was organized in 1889 by him and others. He is also a stockholder in the Buell Woolen Mills and other large enter- prises. Mr. Lemon was married Jan. 13, 1870, to Miss Annie I. Samuel of St. Joseph, and four children have been born to them. SILAS McDonald jr., cashier of the State National Bank, was born in St. Joseph in 1855. His father was' Dr. Silas McDonald. Our subject at- tended school in St. Joseoh and took a course in the University of Pennsyl- vania. In 1873 he engaged in the* bank- ing business, which he has since fol- lowed. He was married at Harrods- burg, Ky., in 1877 to Miss Mary Mari- mon. They have four children. Silas, the eldest, is studying medicine at the Universitv of Pennsylvania; Thomas is in High Scnool. and Joan and Rosa Bird are attending grammar school. THOMPSON E. POTTER, M. D., was born in Clinton county, Mo., December 18, 1849, and is the son of Thomas and Hessa (Smith) Potter. His maternal grandfather was Thomp- son Smith, prO'minently identified with the early history of Missouri. Until his i6th year, Dr. Potter attend- ed the common schools, and then en- tered McGee college, located near Macon City. After graduating, he be- gan teaching, and took up the study of medicine. Overcoming almost insurr mountable obstacles he entered Jef- ferson "Medical college, Philadelphia, in the fall of 1873, and graduated in March, 1875, taking a prize for the best thesis. Directly after graduating Dr. Potter returned to Missouri and located at Cameron, where he re- mained for about eleven years, build- ing up a large and lucrative practice. While living at Cameron, he was called to the chair of physiology and diseases of the nervous system, in the Northwestern Medical college of St. Joseph, wlxich position he held for many years, and which he resigned because of his rapidly increasing prac^ tice. From 1882 to 1886 he was one of the surgeons of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, and in 1883 he was, though a Democrat, appointed by President Arthur as a member of the BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 35; pension examinincr board for the Third and Surgical Reporter, which he congressional district. Dr. Potter lo- edited for some years. In his early cated in St. Joseph in 1887, and has struggles he received eyery encourage- achieved both success and fame in his ment and sympathy from his mother, profession. He was Identified with a woman remarkable for her energy THOMPSON K. POTTEK, M. D. the Northwestern Medical college for some years after coming here, and withdrew to become one of the found- ers of the Central Medical college. In 1889 he founded the Western Medical and lofty ambition, for her nobility of purpose and strength of character, and he naturally feels proud when he sees in his successful present the fruition of her prophecies and his hooes. 358 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST.-JOSEPH. MICHAEL LA WLOR, publisher of the Catholic Tribune, was born at Quebec, Canada, Nov. 30, 1841. His father, David Lawlor, a carriage mak- er, and his mother, whose maiden name was Marc^aret Sullivan, were born in Ireland, and came to the prov- ince in 1830. After learning the print- ers' trade, Mr. Lawlor went to New York and thence to Liberty, Clay County, Mo'. He came to St. Joseph in 1872 and entered the employ of the Steam Printing Company, where he worked first as compositor and then as superintendent. In 1889 he pur- chased a half interest in the Catholic Tribune, which he retained for three years. In 1894 he became the sole pro- prietor of this publication, which has prospered under his able guidance. At Liberty Mr. Lawlor marrieu Miss Margaret McCormick, daughter of Thomas and Dorothea (Alexander) McCormick. Nine children — four boys and five girls — were born into this union, all of whom survive. JAMES McCORD, of the Nave- McCord Mercantile company, was born in Virginia, January 7, 1826; came to Missouri in 1836; left school left school at the age of 14, without a dollar, and began in a struggling way his mercantile career; came to Andrew county in 1846; later joined Abram Nave in Oregon Holt Co., in a general store, as Nave & Mc- Cord. The present firm was estab- lished in 1857. He was married in 1854 to Miss Mary E. Halleck, of Ken- tucky. ULRICH SCHNEIDER, insur- ance agent and ■ notary public, was born March 30, 1837, at Wurtenburg, Germany. He came to Weinsb.erg, Ohio, in 1852, and learned the trade shoemaking. After some time spent in various states, he came to St. Jos- eph in i86t, engaging in the shoe bus- iness. He served four years in the army, his last service being with the Forty-third Missouri volunteers. After four years in business in De- Kalb, Buchanan county, he peturned to St. Joseph, and was four years dep- uty county clerk. He was married July 24, 1861,. to Miss Katharine Schott, who died April 10, 1880, leav- ing twelve children, the eldest J. George, being now vice president of the German American bank. WM. LEE MARKS, druggist, 1410 North Fourth street, was born near Canton, Mo., in 1858, the son of John W. and Elizabeth (Blackburn; Marks. His father was a carpenter and farm- er. Our subject studied under Dr. Marchand near Monticello, Mo., and first established himself in business at Avillo, Kan., in 1886, where his stock was destroyed by a cyclone. In 1891 he located in St. Joseph,, and by close and successful business methods has built up a patronage of which many of the older druggists would be proud. In 1886 he was married to Miss Ella Owens, born at Maysville, Ky. They have four daughters liv- ing, Maggie, Msry, Josie and Ruby. A son died. Mr. Marks is a Demo- crat, a Baptist and belongs to the Knights of Pythias and Modern Woodmen. HARRY CARLETON WEB- STER, printer and newspaper man, was born in Haverhill, M^ss., Oct. i, 1861. His parents were Daniel W. and Ann (Carleton) Webster. Our subject attended the grade and high schools of Utica, Mo., graduating from the latter. He learned the print- ers' trade and began work at it in LTtica in 1875. He is a Republican in politics. Mr. Webster was married Jan. 4, 1885, in Plattsburg, Mo., to Miss Julia M. Powell, who died May 18, 1898, leaving him two little girls. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 359 ROBERT M. NASH, county clerk, was born in Maury county, Tenn., October 24, 1858. His father was John M. Nash, a native of Canton, Mass., who, at the age of 27, went to Ken- tucky, to build a railroad, who married Miss Jane Elizabeth Carter of Carlisle, Ky., mother of our subject, and who died at Nashville in 1871 He was a prominent contractor in his day, and during the war was superintendent of history of his contest for this office appointed chief clerk of the money order department of the postoffice un- der Colonel John C. Evans. In 1888 he was married to Anna, the daughter of Michael Connelly, an old and pros- perous resident of St. Joseph. In 1890 he was appointed bookkeeper at Asy- lum No. 2, which place he held until 1894. when he was elected county clerk on the Democratic ticket. The ROBERT M. NASH. construction of the Nashville & Chat- ^nooga railroad. After his death the widow, with six children came to St. Joseph, where her parents had come in 1857. Her children, Harvey C, Mrs. Dr. John M. Austin, Edward H., Arthur E., Mrs Carl Lepine and Rob- ert are all living. Robert attended the public schools at Louisville, Nash- ville and St. Joseph. At the age of 15 he was apprenticed to Thomas Elfred and learned the drug business, which he followed until 1886, when he was with Enos Craig, his opponent, and final triumph are recorded in . a pre- vious chapter. In 1898 he was again nominated for this office and again elected over Mr. Craig. Mr. Nash has placed the affairs of the county clerk's office upon an excellent system, and has demonstrated his- worth and abil- ity in many ways. He has been a con- sistent Democrat. He is a convert to the Catholic faith. Mr. and Mrs. Nash have one child living, a son, named Evans, after the postmaster under whom Mr. Nash served. 36o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. HARRY McCORD TOOTLE, coal oil inspector and merchant; was born in St. Joseph November 4, 1853. His parents were Joseph W. and Sarah (McCord) Tootle. Our subject graduated from the St. Joseph high school in 1872, and delivered the ad- dress at the laying of the corner stone of the present high school building, as president of the High School Alura- ni association. He was married De- cember, 1880 to Miss Mabel King, daughter of Ex-Governor Austin A. King, and their three children, Harry King, 16; Lillian, 13; and Mary, 4, are all living. CARROLL LEONARD CON- NETT, brick manufacturer, was born in Buchanan Countv Oct. 27, 1856. He attended the country schools and spent two years in the St. Joseph High School. He was raised on a farm, engaged in rork packing, and then in the brick-makmg business, and is a large manufacturer, his plant being at South Park. Mr. Connett was for many years a Democrat, but now ad^ heres to the Republican faith. He was married April, 25, iSqc to Miss Lena, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. C. J. Sie- mens, and one boy and one girl have been born to them. CHARLES J. BORDEN, manufac- turer of implements, was born in Ti- verton, R. L, February 20, 1839. He attended the common schools and ad- opted the business of a mechanic. In 1861 he enlisted in the First Rhode Island Light Artillery, and was with the Army of the Potomac till 1864. From 1864 to 1865 was in the navy. In 1871 went to Macon county, Mo., and came to St. Joseph in 1883. Mr. Bor- den is a Republican, and served four years in the cit->' council. He was mar- ried in Williamantic, Conn., to Miss Jennie M. Knight. They have one son, Alfred A. Borden. HENRY K. WHITE, lawyer, was born in Alachua county, Fla., July 16, 1840. He attended the college of the city of New York, from which he graduated in i860. In 1862 he grad- uated from the law school of Columbia college, N. Y., and came to St. Joseph in 1865, where has attained a high professional reputation. Mr. White has -never sought public office. He was married in St. Joseph in Dec- ember, 1882, to Miss Emila G. Blanch- ard, who has borne him five children, all girls. CHARLES A.LLEN BUDDY, wholesale fruit and produce dealer at 108 North Second street, is the son of Phillip and Sophia M. (Stein) Buddy. He was born in Adams County, Penn- sylvania, Nov. I, 1856. His father was born in Pennsylvania and was a prom- inent contractor in this city. His moth- er was born at Frederick City. Md. Mr. Buddy came to St. Joseph in 1868; graduated at the Christian Brothers' College in the class of 1873; married Miss Annie E. Farrell of this city Nov. 4, 1879, of which union there are severi children, five girls and two boys. Mr. Buddy has been engaged in his present business since 1881. He is a Democrat in politics and a Catholic in religion. FREDERICK C. KUEHL, mer- chant tailor, was born in Oldenburg, Holstein, March 8 1850. He was ed- ucated and learned his trade in his na^ tive country; also worked in a Whole- sale grocery in Hamburg. He came to New York in 1868, going thence to Chicago, St. Louis, Memphis, New Orleans, Cheyenne and Omaha. He came to St. Joseph in 1870 and began his present business in 1871. He was elected to the council in 1897, and is now chairman of the finance commit- tee. Mr. Kuehl was married April 10, 1872, to Miss Bertha Volk. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 361 DAVID J. HEATON, Sr., at the time of his death the oldest undertaker in the United States, was a striking example of the sturdiness of the early settlers of Buchanan county. Our sub- ject was born in Philadelphia, Pa., December 16, 1808, and at an early age, removed to Butler county, Ohio, where at the age of 10 years, he was apprenticed to the cabinet making trade at Maysville, Ky., serving seven years. After spending several years in vari- ous states, Mr, Heaton finally located -in St. Joseph, in 1845, and started a cabinet shop in the village, which then contained about 300 inhabitants. His business thrived, and though he DAVID J. HEATON. lost $3,000 by going on a sheriff's bond and $6,000 by fire, he kept at work enlarging his business and amased a competency. He was the first undertaker in the city and continuing in the business until he sold out to his son, David E., in 1881. Mr. Heaton was a member and chairman of the city council in 1858-59. He also engaged in the hotel business and established the Heaton home on north Sixth street, now known as the Central. Mr. Heaton was twice married. .His first wife was Miss Emily Donovan of Augusta, Ky., whom he married July 31, 1832. She died in 1849, having borne him seven children. In 1851, he married Miss Lucinda King of Boone county. Mo., She bore him four children the sec- ond of whom David E., is now at the head of the undertaking establishment started by our subject. Mr. Heaton, who was widely known as the oldest living undertaker, died in St. Joseph, April 26, 1898, apred over 89 years. MANFRED M. RIGGS, city comp- troller, was born in Georgetown, Me., September 20, 1845. He was sent to the high school, at Cambridge, Mass., after which he located in Portland, Me.; came to St. Joseph June i, 1889. Was cashier of the Central Savings Bank five years from 1889 to 1894; in 1897 was appointed city comptroller. Mr. Riggs was married in Topsham, Me., in 1865. His eldest son, Leon, was a sergeant in the Fourth Missouri volunteers during the Spanish-Ameri- can war. MAURICE CONNOR, boiler- maker, was born in Ireland in 1847, came to America in 1864, locating In Pennsylvania, and then came to St. Joseph in March, 1865. He learned the boilermakers' trade and was for many years with the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R. Co., working in that capacity. Mr. Connor was married in 1879 to Miss Lizzie Carroll and she has borne him seven children, six girls and one boy, all of whom are living. GEORGE WARREN SAMUEL, one of the oldest settlers of the Platte purchase, was born June, 1810, at Newcastle, Henry county, Ky. At the age of 17 he started west and reached Howard county. Mo., in 1828. In 1838 he went to Platte City, and later to Savannah, where remained for some time. He hen came to St. Joseph. He died February 18, 1899. 362 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. WILLIAM B. DAVIS, phy- ■sician and surgeon, Sixth and Felix, was born in Platte county, Mo., Jan. 4, 1856, his father C. C. Davis, being at minister of the M. E. church south. After attending the common schools he studied medicine, graduated in 1880 from the Missouri Medical college, and has since practiced in Buc,hanan county. He was county physician eight years, and from 1896 to 1898 was health officer of St. Joseph. Dr. Davis was married in St. Joseph in 1883 to Miss Dora Pullins, and she has borne him a boy and three girls. Dr. Davis is a Democrat in politics. WILLIAM H. CARPENTER was born in Luray, Page County, Va., July ID. 1844. Came to Missouri in 1854, and located on a farm in Marion township this county; enlisted in the First Missouri (Confederate) cavalry, and participated in many bat- tles, being twice wounded. After the war went to Arkansas and two years later came to St. Joseph, and was as a traveling salesman for thirteen years. Is president of the Dillon Cement company. Was married in Arkansas in 1866, to Miss Elizabeth Clark, and a second time in Forrest City, Mo., to Miss Martha E. Sedgwick. THEODORE A. FOWLER, real estate. 1716 Faraon, was born in Greensburg, Ind., in January, 1832. He came to the Platte Purchase in 1837, and to St. Joseph in 1846, gaining his education in the common schools of the early days. He has been a mer- chandise salesman and was engaged in the revenue and postal service. Dur- ing the war he served in the Twenty- fifth Enrolled, Mo., militia, and Third Provisional regiment. He was also United States commissioner's clerk,un- der the enrollment act. Mr. Fowler was married June 9, 1854 to Miss Martha D. Hopkins, who died April 29, 1855- WALTER THOMAS AYLES- BURY, car accountant Burlington Route, was born December 26, 1864, the son of Thomas Aylesbury, chief car builder of the same road. Our subject came to St. Joseph January 24, 1871, and atended the public schools, later graduating from the Christian Brothers' college. He at once engaged in railroading and has been with his present employers as car accountant since 1882. He married Miss Gertrude Reid October 14, 1892, and two children Helen and Dorothy, have been born to them. JOSIAH BEATIE MOSS, lumber- man, was born in St. Joseph on the spot where the Pacific house now ft. nds. His father, Prestor. T. Moss, was a Kentuckian; his mother (Susan Henry Beattie), was from Viro-inia. Mr. Moss has been engaged in the lumber business for many years and is a member of the Dougherty & Moss Lumber company, at Tenth and Mitchell avenue. He was married in 1891 to Miss Mary Wood Leach, daughter of Lewis and Ellen J. W. Leach of St., Joseph; one girl, Catherine Corby, one boy, Preston Leach, were born into the union. FREDERICK WENZ, dealer in boots and shoes, is a native of Ger- many, coming to St. Joseph from the old country, July 6, i860. In 1864 he enlisted as a private in company A, Forty-third Missouri volunteer In- fantry, and on his return went into the boot and shoe business. Mr. Wenz is a prominent Odd Fellow, and is Past Commander of Chester Harding Post, G. A. R. In politics he is a Republican. He was married in 1871, to a daughter of Jacob Schwaderer. Their son Fred J., and daughter Louise M., are married. Another daughter Amelia F., is still at home. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 363 EDMUND G. CHANDLEE, wall' paper dealer, 415 Edmond street, was born in York county. Pa., June 28, 1859, his father Ellis Chandlee, being a school teacher, and also a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chandlee attended the common schools of York county and learned the paper hanging trade. He came to St. Joseph in 1877, and worked at his trade, finally starting for himself. He is a Democrat and rep- EDMUND G. CHANDLiiB. resents the Sixth ward in the city council. Mr. Chandlee was married in 1883 to Miss Catherine Stein, and three boys and three girls have been born to them. DR. STEPHEN F. CARPENTER, was born irx Luray, Va., November 25, 1845. He came to Buchanan county in i8S4, and lived on a farm until 1863, when he entered the army, serving till 1865. He then attended school at East- on. Mo., and studied medicine and graduated from the University of Louisville, Ky., medical department, in 1871, after which he located in St. Joseph, and practiced his profession; was born in Luray, Page county, council; was married September I, 1874, to Miss Fannie Nash of Park- ville, and they have one daughter. CHARLES M. CARTER, auditor of the Burlington Route, was born in Cambridge, Mass., -September 22, 1852. Mr. Carter attended the public schools and a militairy institute, and came to St. Joseph in 1880. Many years he has held the responsible position of audi- tor for the Burlington svstem. Mr. Carter married Miss Ada P. Hunter, a native of Oshkoshi Wis., May 15, 1879, at Dubuque, Iowa, and three girls, aged 14, 12 and 10 years, have been born to them. SAMUEL McCLELLAN ADSIT, general freight and passenger agent of the St. JJoseph & Grand Island rail- road, was born at Springfield, New York, May i, 1863. With his parents, he removed to St. Joseph and engaged in the railroad business in 1876, since which time he has worked his way up from a clerk in the local depart- ments to the position he now holds, to which he was promoted January I, 1892. Mr. Adsit was married in St. Joseph May 31, 1886, to Miss Mary L. Groscup. HENRiT V. ARROWSMITH, a^ent of the Pacific Express Company at St. Joseph, is a native of New Al- bany, Ind. He attended school in Quincy, 111., and graduated from the Quincy Seminary in 1865. In 1878 he went to Kansas City whe/re he was in the express business for six years, comin'^ to St. Joseph in 1884, where he has since been agent for the Pacific and United States Express Compa- nies. Mr. Arrowsmith was married in Quincy in 1884 to Miss Margarette Cooper, and they have one child, a boy. 364 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JOHN E. DOLMAN, attorney at law, was born in Denver, Colo., Sep- tember 18, 1865. Removing to Topeka, Kan., -while a youth, he attended pub- lic schools and graduated from the liigh school in 1881. He then attended Washburn college, Topeka, until 1884, after which he attended the Albany law school, Albany, N. Y., graduating in 1887. He began practice in Topeka at once and from 1887 to 1898, was assistant attorney for the C. R. I & P. R. R. at Topeka, for lines west of the Missouri river. He came to St. Joseph June i, 1898, and associated himself with Stephen S. Brown. WALTER HENRY ROBINSON, men's furnisher and hatter, was born in Rappahannock county, Va., March 4, 1862, where he grew to manhood, attending private schools. He gradu- ated from Flint Hill academy in 1880, and in i88i came to St. Joseph, where for six years he worked for the J. B. Brady Carpet company. He then em- "barked in his present business. Mr. Robinson was appointed police com- missioner in 1898, and is treasurer of the police board. He was married in Kansas City in 1889 to Miss Ida L. Yocurn and two boys, Kenneth W., aged 8 years, and Edwin Bryan, an in- fant, have been born to them. WILLIAM D. RUSK, attorney, Fourth and Francis, was born in Woodford county, Ky., June 15, 1850, and his parents were also Kentuckians. He came to St. Joseph in 1856 and af- ter going through the high school, completed a course at Phillips' Col- lege, Exeter, New Hampshire, grad- uating in 1872. Returning to St. Jo- seph, he taught in the high school for six years, being principal from 1877 to 1882. He began practicing law in 1882, and was married October 16, 1884, to Miss Fannie Bayless, who was born in Alton, 111. They have three child- ren. FRANK M. ATKINSON, post- master of St. Joseph, was born in Lexington, Mo., January 31, 1863. His parents were Dr. Jesse F. and Harriet (Pierson) Atkinson. He received a high school education at Lexington, and was employed as a clerk in a clothing store and traveling salesman till 18S8, when he came to St. Joseph and engaged in the real estate busi- ness. Beina; an ardent Republican he soon became prominent in the party councils; was elected to the school board in '92, and September i, 1892, was appointed postmaster by Presi- dent Harrison. He is now serving his second term, having been reappointed by President McKinley. JO. F. WOODSON, attorney at law, was born in Concordia, Mo., Feb. 22, 1873, his parents being Will E. and Emma (Patterson) Woodson. He came to St. Joseph ir.' 1889 and chose the law as a profession. He attended Washington and Lee Univer- sity, Lexington, Va., and graduated from the law school in the class of 1895. He came back to St. Joseph and began the practice of his profes- sion and has oorven himself a worthy member of a family of distinguished lawyers. Mr. Woodson is a Demo- crat, and is unmarried. HOMER OSBORN, solicitor for the Combe Printing Company, was born at Gallatin, Mo., May 12, 1858, and graduated from the high school of his native town in 1876. Two years afterwards he came to St. Joseph; was a traveling salesman for some years and deput" county collector for six years. In 1882 he was married to Su- sie, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Tandy H. Trice, and one child, a daughter, has come into the union. Mr. Osborn is a staunch Democrat, and has been prominent in the councils of his party for many years. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 365 HENRY BREUNINGER, saloon J- W. D. HALL, manufacturer of keeper, at 1913 Olive street, was born wire fencing, 219 South Sixth street, near Sheboygan, Wisconsin, and came was born February 4, 1840. He at- to this city many years ago. He is one tended the country schools and en- of the best known German-American gaged in the wire working and roof- HENRT BREUNINGER. citizens of St. Joseph, and has for many years been engaged in the sa- loon business, and has acquired quite a competency. REV. ALBERT BUSHNELL, pastor of the Tabernacle Congrega- tional church, was born at Salisbury, Conn., September 30, 1847. He en- tered Williams' college in the class of '68. During his college course he made a trip to South America with his pro- fessor. Graduated from Union Theo- logist Seminary, New York, in 1873, and preached in Chicago, Sterling and Geneseo, 111., till February, 1889, when he came to St. Joseph. He mar- ried Miss Margaret Curie, at New York Mills, N. Y., July 20, 1875, and four children have been born to them, three girls and one boy, all living. ing business in Cincinnati and At- lanta, Ga., until 1881, when he locat- ed in St. Joseph. Has been twice married, his first being Miss CyntHia C. Snell, whom he married in Cin- cinnati, Nov. 29, i866, and who died in 1894, leaving one daughter, Nettie H., wife of G. Dawson Cartmell of St. Louis; married again Dec. 4, 1896, to Miss Nellie R. Wheat. O. M. LOOMIS, prominent farm- er, was born in 1838 and came to St. Joseph in the year 1859. Mr. Loomis never attended any school but that of experience, and he has been a farmer all his life. He is a hard worker in the Democratic party, but has never held office. He was married in 1858 to Miss F. Miller and they have four children, all girls. 366 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. PETER J. KIRSCHNER. mayor of St. Joseph, was born Tune 13, 1853, in this city, and is the son of the late John Peter Kirschner, a native of Bavaria, Germany, and dur- ing his life a prominent farmer and fruit-grower. Our subject attended school in St. Joseph until seventeen years of age, when he was sent to and coroner during 1882-86. In 1887 he took a six-months medical course in Germany, and from 1889 to rSgi was again county physician. In April of 1898 he was elected mayor, defeat- ing Charles A. Pfeiffer. April 17, 1887, Dr. Kirschner was married to Miss Martha M. Sengel and they have three children, one boy and two girls. DR. P. J. KIRSCHNER. Cincinnati, where he studied for two years. He then read medicine with Dr. Jacob Geiger, attended the medi- cal department of the Louisville Uni- versity in 1877, and in 1878-79 Belle- vue Hospital Medical College in New York, from which institution he graduated. In 1879 he began the practice of his profession in St. Jo- seph and has achieved success. Po- litically Dr. Kirschner is a Democrat, He was county physician in 1880-81 JOHN P. REMELIUS was born at Lexington, Mo., May 11, 1864; is the son of Frank Remelius, a carpen- ter and Augusta (Bube) Remelius, both born in Germany. Attended schools at Richmond and Lexington, Mo. Came to St. Joseph in August, 1887. Married Miss Elian E. Gist of Cameron, Mo., Nov. 21, 1888.' There are two children, boys, of this union — Ernest William and Bert. Mr. Reme- lius is a Republican in politics. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 367 CHARLES LAMARTINE SIM- MONS, lawyer, was one of the orig- inal '49ers, he having commenced to live with his father's family on the 29th day of June, 1849. This social intercourse began at that beautiful "Switzerland of New York" known as Paris Hill, in Oneida County, in the Empire state, at, the old farm house built by Mr. Simmons' grand- father shortly after the close of the bought by her husband. There they lived a quiet, busy farm life until 1865, when they emigrated to Andrew County, Mo., about six miles north- east of St. Joseph, and settled on a large tract of land bought of General James Craig. The subject of this sketch was at that time just under six- teen years of age. There was no other son in the family (and only one daughter) and the task o{ subduing CHARLES L. SIMMONS. war of the Revolution, and where also his father was born and raised. His father's name was John Milton Sim- mons and his ancestors came from the Puritan and Quaker stock of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, among whom were John Alden and Priscella, the Puritan, whose romance is made immortal by the pen of Longfellow. His mother's family name was Green and through her he traces relationship to Gen. Nathaniel Green of Revolu- tionacy fame. She was born at Bridgewater in Oneida County, New York, and on marrying moved to Taris Hill, to the farm then recently and making a fine farm of the wild land proved to be so great that there was never a time when further school- ing was possible, and Mr. Simmons, though earnestly longing for a fin- ished education, was obliged to con- tent himself with a diploma from the "Old Red School House" at Paris Hill, where for a few brief weeks each year he studied and excelled in the common school there held. Still, not losing sight of the goal of his desires, he persistently carried on a system of study while doing his work on the farm and especially during winter time, made good progress, particular- 368 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ly in mathematical lines, and while doing full farm work, mastered land surveying and such parts of higher mathematics as were necessary to fit him for a civil engineer of that day. During the winter of 1871-72 and the two following winters, he taught school in Andrew County, and dur- ing this time had some leisure and better opportunity to improve his ed- ucation. Early in 1872 he resolved to study law, and as soon as possible, to devote himself to its practice as a profession. An old family friend, Charles B. Wilkinson, then editor and principal owner of the St. Joseph Herald — himself an able lawyer and a brilliant man — kindly loaned Mr. Simmons what law Dooks he needed, and for two years he devoted all Tiis spare time, and more, to the study of Blackstone, Kent, Greenleaf, etc., and in the spring of 1874, entered the law office of Murat Masterson, in St. Jo- seph, where he became familiar with the actual workings of a law office, and in November of that year was ad- mitted to the bar. In April 1873 he married Emily V. Lykins, youngest daughter of Dr. Claiborne B. Lykins of Buchanan County, and while he was in Masterson's law office she stayed at the farm, with Mr. Sim- mons' parents and the young lawyer boarded in town and weekly went home to visit his family. Financial necessities of the family made it nec- essary for Mr. Simmons to return to his work on the farm in the spring of 1875, as he thought and hoped, for a year or so, but death in the family and many unexpected events held him unrelentingly for fourteen years. In 1889 he was again able to com- mence the practice of his chosen pro- fession, and has continued since that time to study and work in it to his heart's content. Mr. Simmons' war record consists in having been cap- tain, drum-major and fifer in a mar- tial band consisting of one fife, one snare drum (with nobody to play it) and one bass drum, and many tin pails and pans. This band met regu- larly on the village green in summer evenings until one eventful night it tried to vary its program by .serenad- ing one of the captain's best girls, at an untimely hour. The girl's father had some good dogs and was a good hand at encouraging them, and the next day the trail of the retiring sere- naders might have been followed for miles in every direction by tin pail covers and handles and broken and bruised pans, drum sticks and general wreckage of flight. This episode be- came known in local history as the Battle of Dog Run, and from it the band never recovered. It is the only army organization known to have no pensioners. Mr. Simmons has always been a consistent and conservative Republican and has held only one political office, that of county sur- veyor for Andrew County, for five years, froiri 1883 to 188. He attends Tabernacle Congregational Church. His only child, a son born in 1878, and named J. Milton Simmons, Jr., is now at the Missouri State University and will graduate from the law de- partment in the class of '99. JOHN GEORGE GEIWITZ, drug- gist. Tenth and Olive streets, was born in St. Joseph July 14, 1862 and was educated in the public schools. ■ After learning the cigar makers' trade he engaged as a clerk in the drug store of John, Demond and studied phar- macy, first having taken a course at Bryant's Business College. He became a registered pharmacist in 1881 and in 1882 formed the present firm of Gei- witz & Co. He was married at Con- way, Iowa, in May, 1885 to Miss Ida N. Hagan; they have two children, a boy and girl. He was a member of the city council for two years. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 369 DR. THOMAS H. DOYLE was born at Doylestown, Pa., Nov. s, 1840 and was educated at the University of the City of New York, graduating in March, 1865, in the last class taught by the famous Dr. Mott. Subsequent- ly Dr. Doyle had the benefits afford- ed by practice in the Bellevue Hospi- tal, New York. In March of 1869 he han, of this city, October 12, 1871. They have two children living. Miss Agnes and Dr. John M. Doyle. The family are Catholics and Dr. Doyle is a leading member of the Cathedral parish. FREDERICK W. HEYDE, City Attorney, was born in Summerset DR. THOMAS H. DOYLE. located in St. Joseph, and soon took front rank as a skilled and success- ful practitioner, a position which he holds today. He is beloved by all, especially by the poor, to whose calls he has always cheerfully responded. Politically Dr. Doyle is an ardent Democrat and as such was elected mayor in April of 1886, serving two years. . He has also been a member of the United States board of pension examiners and has ever been prom- inent in the councils of his party. His name is prominent in the faculties of the St. Joseph Medical College and with the Ensworth College, and he' has taken an active interest in mat- ters connected' with the advancement of his proifession. Dr. Doyle was married to Miss Margaret G. Shee- County, Pa., March 15, i860, the son of Frederick and Johanna Heyde, both of Gerniany. His father was a stone mason. Our subject came to St. Joseph in 1878; was, for a number of years connected with the fire de- partment and subsequently with the police department. During his leis- ure hours he read law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1896. He con- tinued with the police department, however, until the spring of 1898, when he was nominated by the Dem- ocrats for city attorney and elected by an enormous majority. Mr. Heyde was married Dec. 29, 1890, in St. Jo- ■ seph. His wife's maiden name was Emma Danby, born in Ohio. They have one child, Frederick W., Jr., aged six years. 370 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. LON HARDMAN, printer and en- Joseph to superintend the plant graver, is a native of Manchester, of the St. Joseph Steam Printing England, born January 28, 1847, and Company, which position he filled came with his father's family to Taun- until 1886, when he embarked in busi- LON. HARDMAN. ton, Mass., in 1854. After learning ness for himself. His specialty is fine the job printing business he located work and the motto, "I print for par- ;.-i Chicago; in tS/i came to St. ticular people," has been strictly ob- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 371 served. The reputation of this estab- lishment for artistic work extends through the entire west and has brought high encomiums from the severest critics in the east. He is also a skillful map engraver and Hard- man's Atlas of St. Joseph is a stand- ard work. Recently he added process engraving, where zinc etchings and half-tones are produced with success. This department is in charge of his sons Charles and Lon, Jr., and many of the half-tone portraits in this book testify to their skill. The presswork and binding of this work are also cred- ited to his establishment. Though a busy man, Mr. Hardman finds time to indulge in social recreations, and he is always a welcome guest in his circles. He has frequently entertained the people with recitations and vocal selections. He is high in Masonry and in the Knights of Pythias. He was married at Chicago, in 1869, to Miss Hannah E. Sanford. There are four children in the family — two boys and two girls. PHILLIP STROP, brick manufac- turer, is a native of Ohio. His father, Christopher Strop, a baker, was a na- tive of Germany. This mother, whose maiden name was Margareth Klein, was a native of France. Mr. Strop has been engaged in tirickmaking here for many years, and has furnished the material for many of the best buildings in the city. He is the father of Hon. Charles F. Strop, ex-judge of the cir- cuit court. JAMES T. CHURCHILL, the vet- eran sign and decorative artist, anti- dates all of his competitors in point of residence in St. Joseph, having come here in i8S3- Mr. Churchill was born in Shelby County, Ky., March 6, 1829, and where he learned his trade. He was a pioneer in amateur theat- ricals in St. Joseph. WILLIAM H. MITCHELL, spe. cial policeman, is a printer by trade; was born in Lowell, Mass., Oct. i, 1850; went to Ccntralia, Kan. in 1858 and came to St. Joseph in 1882, where he worked as a printer. In June, 1887 he was appointed on the metropolitan police force and served until Decem^ ber, 1S85. He was married in Holton, Kan., July 16, 1876, to Miss Laura J. McKittrick. a native of Ohio, whom he survives. Two girls were born to them, Laura, since dead, and Mabel A., who is a school teacher at Holton, Kan. Mr. Mitchell is a member of Typographical Union No. 40, of which he was once president. -RICHARD A. HARRINGTON" was born in St. Joseph Sept. 17, 1869.. He is the son of James P. Harrington, born at Florissant, Mo., and Annie Jane O'Donoghue, born at Dublin,. Ireland. Attended the Christian Broth- ers' College in this city. Has been in the gents' furnishing business at 711 Felix street since October 7, 1897. Is a Democrat and a Catholic. PERCY L. BRISTOL, plumber, 1020 Frederick avenue, was born at Warren, Pa., July 6, 1863, the son of Henry Raymond Bristol and Harriet (Brown) Bristol; came to St. Joseph with his family in 1868; was educated in the public .schools, and learned his plumber's trade. Six years ago he started for himself, and by fair dealing and close attention has built up a good business. During 1898, the plumbers' local union organized and demanded that Mr. Bristol cancel contracts made prior to that time. This he con- sidered unfair and refused to do. After repeated interference by union men, he obtained an injunction . restraining them. He was married in 1890 to Miss Minnie L. Howe, and they have one child, Florence, aged three years. 372 BUCHANAN COUNTY. AND ST. JOSEPH. JAMES HULL, Sheriff of Buch- tered the Farmers' and Mechanics' anan County, was born in Wheeling, Bank, run by his uncle, Joseph C. W. Va., Dec. 24, 1839. His father, Hull, remaining until 1862, when he David Hull, was a descendant of the returned to Wheeling, where he had Zane family, old Col. Zane having previously taken a <:ourse in Com- JAMES HULL. been commander of the fort at Wheel- mercial College. He then went to ing. The city of Zanesville, Ohio, Zanesville and was bookkeeper and was named after this family. In 1857 paying teller in a bank there for over Mr. Hull came to St. Joseph and en- a year. He returned to St. Joseph in BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 373 Dec, 1863 and entered the ban^ of A. Beattie & Co., where ne remained as clerk, cashier and partner until the death of Mr. Beattie in 1878. This bank, of which Mr. Hull was a part- net for three years, stood on Third street between Felix and Edmond. About 1893 ]Mr. Hull began working up an insurance agency, and was so successful that for many years the firm of James Hull & Co. did the largest fire insurance business in St. Joseph. Our subject, who has been a life-long Democrat, has held several public offices. In 1876 he was elected County Treasurer, being re-elected in 1882. In 1888 he was chosen county collector for four years, and in all these positions he has given the ut- most satisfaction. He was cashier of the Commercial Bank "from 1892 till 189s, and was elected Sheriff in 1896, I>erforming the duties of this high office so satisfactorily that he was re- elected in 1898 and is now serving his second term. Mr. Hull was married in Burlington, Iowa, May 23, 1877 to Miss Clara V. Robinson of that city and three children have been born to them, Elizabeth Zane, James Clark and Mable C. DR. CHARLES O'FERALL, sec- ond assistant physician at Asylum No. 2, was born August 19, 1858, in Lewis County, Mo. His father, Charles P. O'Ferrall, a farmer, was born in Washington County, Md., and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary A. Barnett, was born in Ralls County, Mo. Dr. O'Ferrall came to St. Joseph in 1880 and read medicine under Dr. Doyle, graduated from Bellevue Hos- pital Medical College in New York, and returned to St. Joseph in 1885. In 1886-88 he was city physician and in January, 1893 was appointed to his present position. October 12, 1898 he was married to Miss Mary Truefitt, a native of Canada.- STEPHEN T PENDLETON, grocer, 1510 St. Joseph ave., was born July 2, 1837, in Howard County, Mo. the son of Lemuel and Margaret (Tracy) Pendleton. In 1839 the fam- ily moved to a farm in Andrew Coun- ty. In i8ss and 1856 our subject at- tended a private school in St. Joseph. In 1861 he went west and during 1862- 1863 was engaged in fighting Indians on the plains. Was married July 4, 1864, at Nebraska City, to Lottie Dodge, who died Oct. 16, 7865. Nov. 20, 1866 was married again to Matilda A. Thrailkill. Their daughter is Mrs. J. W. B. Hunsecker of Newton, Kan. Since 1867 Mr. Pendleton has been in St. Joseph, and was for eighteen years with Sommer, Richardson & Co. In 1893 he was struck by a train and seriously injured. Since his re- covery he has been in his present location. Mr. Pendleton is a Demo- crat and served 1890-92 as council- man. THOMAS I. PETRIE, 120 North Fifth, was born in Lockport, N. Y., Sept. 27, 1857. His father, Charles,, was a miller and was born m Canada, while his mother, whose maiden name was Mary A. Crawford, is a native of Ireland. Mr. Petrie came to St. Jo- seph in 1870 and for many years has been engaged in the saloon business at Fifth and Francis streets. CHARLES M. GLEASON, opti- cian, was born in May, 1876. He at- tended the St. Joseph public schools and later engaged in the jewelry busi- ness, continuing till 189S, when he be- gan the study of optical science, read- ing with C. L. Merry of Kansas City and others. He first began practicing his profession in St. Louis, but' after- wards returned to St. Joseph, where he is permanently located. He is un- married and resides at 1301 Buchanan avenue. 374 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CAPT. F. M. POSEGATE, for many years one of the foremost citi- zens of St. Joseph, but now a resident of St. Louis, was born at Lafayette, Ind., Oct. 11, 1837, and went with his parents to Des Moines, Iowa, in 1848, worked as carier boy and "devil" on the Iowa Star, the first newspaper published in Des Moines; came to St. Joseph in 1850 and finished his trade and meritorious services during the battle; participated in the capture of Vicksburg, then resigned, owing to failing eyesight. Assisted vi the. or- ganization of the 175th Ohio and serv- ed as quartermaster during balance of the war. Returning tO' Highland, was appointed postmaster and elected may- or. In 1867 returned to St. Joseph, worked as compositor in the Herald # w iSi 0' li. ■ , «ir- ^m ^j^B^ \ .' 1 '^'^--7 ■< f FRANCIS M. POSEGATE. in Cycle office; in 1856, in conjunc- tion with James A. Millan, he started the first job printing office in St. Jo- seph; in 1858 he established the Week- ly West, a Whig newspaper, and in 1859, the Daily West; sold the paper in i860 and went to Memphis; went to Highland County, Ohio, when war broke out, entering Company A, 48th Ohio Infantry; advanced to grade of first lieutenant; was wounded at Shi- loh and promoted to captain for gallant office, was business manager aad then joint proprietor with C. B. Wilkinson; sold out to Hallowell & Bittinger, and established the St. Joseph Steam Printing Company, of which he was president until it closed business in 1892. Was appointed postmaster by President Hayes, serving a full term; was elected mayor on the Republican itcket in 1882. At the death of James N. Burnes made the race for the unex- pirad and regular terms in Congress, BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 375 carying five out of six counties in tlie distirct, and being defeated by only about 600 votes; was appointed assist- ant building inspector of the United States in 1892, serving until President Cleveland's inauguration; appointed superintendent of streets of St. Joseph by Mayor Shepherd in 1894 and intro- duced several valuable innovations; re- signed to go to California in 1896. In August, 1897, went to St. Louis and accepted a position on the editorial staff or the Evening Star, which he holds now. Was married in New Lex- ington, Highland County, Ohio, to Miss Sallie Johnson, on the 6th day of September, 1858. She died July 23, 1878, in St. Joseph, leaving two daugh- ters. Captain Posegate was again mar- ried to Miss Emma P. Cushman, in Taunton, Mass., June 14. 1882. CLINTON H. HARRISON, attor- ney at law, is a native of Napoleon, Ohio, and a son of John Harrison of that place. Mr. Harrison has been en- gaged in the practice of law for the past twelve years and has made for himself an enviable reputation in his profession. His office is on the sec- ond floor of the First National Bank building, corner Fourth ana Francis streets. Politically Mr. Harrison is a staunch Democrat. THEODORE BASSAR, meat market, 1314 N. Fourth street, was born in Buchanan County, Nov. 22, 1847. His father was Francis Bassar, born at Paris, France, who came here in an early day, who was on terms of warm friendship with Joseph Robi- doux, and who operated the first horse-power grist mill in the county. Our subject was for twelve years with the St. Joseph Gas Company as lamp lighter, and then entered his present line. He was married in 1869 to Miss Serena Sharp of Nodaway County and they have one son and two daughters. Mr. Bassar has by his thrift and business ability accumulat- ed handsome property. He is a Re- publican. C. H. BOLLER, dealer in stoves, tinware and hardware, was born in Germany in 1836 and came to America with his parents in 1848, locating at St. Louis and removing a year later to Boonville, where they remained until 1854, when they returned to St. Louis, where our subject learned the tinner's trade. He came to St. Joseph in 1864, and engaged in the business, which he still conducts on Edmond street. He was married in 1862 to Miss Annie Roeder, and they have three daugh- ters. WILUAM KRUMM, florist. Twenty-eighth and Hickory, was born in Prussia, Nov. 5, 1833. Learned the profession of architect, and came to America in 1848, locating at Cincin- nati, where he learned brick-laying. Worked in St. Louis and Indianapolis and in 1856 went to Quincy, where he was a contractor. He came to St. Joseph in 1866, and in 1870 began raising flowers, fruit and vegetables, and now has a very complete estab- lishment. He married Miss Margaret Ruff at Quincy in 1857 and has seven children, all living. ABNER ST. CLAIRE BOVARD, traveling man, lives in South St. Jo- seph and was born Oct. 13, 1854 at Alpha, Ind. He attended the Alpha High School and Iiloore's Hill Col- lege and came to St. Joseph in Octo- ber, 1889, where he has since been en- gaged in active work. Mr. Bo- vard's only war experience was when John Morgan's raiders rode through his father's farm and scared our sub- ject into the garret. He was married Oct. II, 1890 to Miss Anna C. Hut- ton and two children, one boy and one girl, have been born to them. 376 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. HENRY W. RAMEY, attorney at law, was born in Oktibbeha County, Miss., Feb. 14, 1844, -and lived on a plantation until the breaking out of the civil war, when he entered the Confederate service as a member of the Ouachita Blues, in April of 1861. He served in many of the most impor- tant battles of the war and was wound- ed in the terrible action at Franklin, Tenn. His command was surrendered at Greensboro, N. C, in the spring of self for the bar and was admitted in the fall of 1869. He soon ranked with the first of his profession, and is today one of the foremost lawyers in the West. In 1874 he was elected prose- cuting attorney, which position he fill- ed with credit for four years. In 1889, when the second division of the circuit court was created. Governor Francis appointed our subject to the bench. Judge Ramey was elected for six years in 1890; at the end of his term he de- HBNRY M. RAMEY. 1865 by General Joseph E. Johnston, and our subject returned to his home and spent the remaining months of the year at school, after which he engaged in farming. In 1867 he went west and engaged in trading along the Union Pacific railroad. In 1868 he came to St. Joseph, a stranger with a mea- ger purse. He obtained employment in a hat store, and during his leisure studied law, his preceptors being Judge Henry M. and Allen Vories. By assiduous application he qualified him- clined renomination and again resum- ed the practice of his profession. Our subject was married October 3, 1876, to Adele, daughter of August' and Adele Vegely. Mrs. Ramey was born in St. Joseph May 24, 1858. They have two sons — Henry M., Jr., and Frank- lin Augustus — and reside in a beautiful suburban home at Twenty-eighth _ street and Frederick avenue. Judge Ramey has been an unswerving and ardent Democrat all his life. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 377 EDWARD O. WILD, editor of the Journal of Commerce, was born at Quincy, 111., Sept. 25, 1861, of Swiss and German parents. After receiving a good common-school education, he embarked in the newspaper businesj, and was one of the founders of the Augusta (111.) Review. Subsequently he became a commercial traveler, and in 1887 settled in St. Joseph as the general agent for Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska of the National Tobacco in Nortonville, Kan., April 9, 1891, to Miss Gertrude Kenyon, who is also a native of Pennsylvania. WILLIAM F. TIMPANE, com- mercial salesman, is of Irish parent- age, but was born in New York Dec. 16, 1858. He attended school in New York State, graduating from Argyle Academy in 1872. He came to St. Jo- seph in 1883, and since that time has been principally engaged as a very ED. O. WILD. Works, of Louisvijle. He again en- tered the newspaper field some years ago and has successfully edited and managed the Journal of Commerce. He was married to Miss Nellie Taylor of this city in 1887, and they haye one child, Genevieve. Mr. Wild is a Re- publican, a prominent Mason, and a leader in matters of public enterprise. HARRY G. FRY, grocer, 218-220 South Sixth street, is a native of Penn- sylvania, where he was born April 10, 1869. He came to St. Joseph in 1874 and was educated in the schools here. He engaged in mercantile pursuits and has been successful. He was married successful commercial traveler. Mr. Tirapane was married Oct. 6, 1897, to Miss Martha H. Hanley. He is a Republican in politics, CHARLES KEARNY, son of Gen. Stephen W. Kearny of California fame, was born at Jefferson Bar- racks, March 7, 1834, came to St. Joseph in 1855, went to Texas in 1857. In 1866 returned here and farmed at Wathena; for many years was clerk at the Pacific House. Married Miss An- nie Stewart in 185S, by whom he had seven children. Was in the city coun- cil under Mayor Corby. 378 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. WILLIAA1 L. BUECHLE, sur- veyor of customs, is a native, born April 17, i860. He is the son of Wil- liam Buechle, one of our oldest, most prosperous and most highly respected German-American citizens, who is now in retirement after an active bus- iness life. Mr. Buechle was born in Wuertemburg, Germany, where he learned gardening. He came to Amer- Col. Wm. R. Penick, where he re- mained for many years. In 1884 he was made deputy city collector, which position he held four years. He was for four years a member of the city council — 1892-96; elected at large from the Sixth Ward, and for three years was president of that body. He has been for a number of years active and highly successful in the management WM. L. BUBCHLB. ica in 1853, loctaing at Louisville, Ky., where he married Miss Christiana Alteman, also of Germany. They came to St. Joseph in 1856, and two years later located on a tract of land near New Ulm,- where they lived for thirty years, and then moved to the city. It was on this farm that our subject was born. After being educat- ed in the public schools and at Bry- ant & Stratton's business college, he entered' the wholesale drug house of of the Republican party's affairs. In 1894-96 he was secretary of the Re- publican city central committee and from 1896-98 chairman of that body. In March of 1898 he was appointed by President McKinley as surveyor of customs of this port. Mr. Buechle was connected with the State National Bank for some years and then formed the Buechle Abstract and Title Com- pany, of which he is still president. He is also prominent in builamg asso- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 379 ciation and insurance circles. He married to Miss Catherine Becker, was married June 23, 1897 to Eliza, the April 26, 1857, and is the father of six daughter of H. B. and Fannie Osborn. children, his sons being now partners Mrs. Buechle was born at St. Louis, in the business. CHARLES S. SCOTT, patrolman, was born in Princeton, Mo., August 16, i860, and is a son of John W. and Mary E. (Anderson) Scott. He was educated in the public schools and learned the trade of carpenter. He came to St. Joseph in 1889, and was appointed to the police force July 30, 1891, where he has since been employ- ed. Mr. Scott was married in Brown- ing, Schuyler Co., 111., in 1884 to Miss Laura A. Baker of that place, and two girls have been born to them, Ethel Lenore, aged 13^ and Myrtle Irene, aged n years. JOHN BAKER CORBITT was born in Wood County, Va., January 15, 1839 and is a son of James and Sarah (Baker) Corbitt. In 1852 he re- moved to Indianola, Iowa, where he remained till i860. He was 'em- ployed as a farm hand, attending school in the winter, and subsequent- ly taught school. Came to Buchanan County in the spring of '66 and en- gaged in contracting for railroad sup- plies. , He became an extensive farmer and was superintendent of the poor farm from 1886 to 1892, and county treasurer from 1893 to 1895. Married Mrs. Emma Womach in 1872 and they have six children. HEINRICH GRONEWEG, pio- neer dealer in cigars and tobacco, was born in Lemfoerde Hanover, Ger- many, April 24, 1821; was educated there, clerked- in the revenue office, and served a year and a half in the German army. He came to America in 1848, and to St. Joseph in 1852, since which time he has been engaged in his present business, which has grown to large proportions. He was JOHN TOWNSEND, of the firm of Townsend & Wyatt, is a native of McLean County, 111,, where he was born in 1837. In 1841, with his father's family he came to Buchanan County, and worked on a farni ^mtil fifteen years of age, getting such schooling as the country schools offered. He then began clerking in a dry goods store and was connected with several large houses. In 1866 he embarked in business, having severarpartners, until 1877, when he organized the firm of Townsend, Wyatt & Co., which now operates one of the finest department houses in the West. He is also in- terested in several other enterprises. He was married in 1863 to Miss An- nie R. Banes of this city. JOHN D. CLARK, city salesman for the St. Joseph Brewery, is a native of Missouri, born in Daviess County, January 21, 1858. His father, Marion B. Clark, was at one time a real estate dealer in St. Joseph. Our sub- ject's mother, Mrs. Isabella Stone Clark, was born in Virginia. Mr. Clark came to St. Joseph with his parents in 1867 and was educated in the public schools of this city. He learned the collarmaker's trade and worked at it for some time; then took charge of the circulation of The Daily News, which position he held for sev- eral years. Mr. Clark is a Republi- can, and takes great interest in the success of his party. He was elected alderman from the Second Ward in 1893, and in 1895 was appointed city license inspector, holding the office till 1897; is now a member of the Repub- lican county central committee. He was married October 23, 1879 to Miss Frances M. Echtler, who was born in St. Joseph in 1863. 38o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. JOSEPH McINERNY, phy- sician and surgeon, Fifth and Ed- mond, was born in St. Joseph, Feb- ruary 19, 187,3. His father was the late Joseph Mclnerny, a well known citi- zen. Our subject graduated from the Northwestern Medical College of St. Joseph in 1893 and from Rush Medical to 1864; returned to St. Joseph, and from 1872 to 1897 was in the butcher business; served two terms in the city council, under Mayors Doyle and Englehart. Was married at Savannah, Mo., in 1866 to Miss R. A. Lewis, and they have six children, one son and five daughters. DR. JOSKPH McINBRNT. College of Chicago in 1894; began to practice in St. Joseph in 1895. Dr. Mclnerny is one of the rising young physicians of St. Joseph and his prac- tice is steadily increasing. JOHN B. RYAN, restaurant keeper and dealer in real estate, was born in Ireland in 1840; came to America in 1849, located in Philadelphia, came to St. Joseph in 1858, was in the enrolled Missouri militia in 1862; drove .singe for the Overland Stage Company up WILLIAM J. CULLIGAN, insur- ance agent and real estate dealer, is a native of St. Joseph. He was born Nov. 9, 1866, and his parents were Thomas and Mary F. (Blake) CuUi- gan. Mr. Culligan attended the Col- lege of the Christian Brothers in St. Joseph, and for several years has been engaged in his present business. He was maried in Chicago in 1892 to Miss Edith Herrick of St. Joseph, and they have one child. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 381 WILLIAM M. SHEPHERD, dep- uty United States Revenue Collector, one of the most prominent citizens of St. Joseph, was born at Medina, Lenawee County, Mich., July 3, 1846. His father was the Rev. Paul Shep- herd and his mother's maiden name was Asenath Mack. Mr. Shepherd received his education in Dover and Adrian, Mich., and for five years mayor. He gave such good satisfac- tion that he was re-elected in 1892 and again in 1894, serving three consecu- tive terms as mayor. Retiring from office Mr. Shepherd became connect- ed with the Barber Asphalt Co., until in i8g8 he was appointed aeputy reve- nue collector. Mr. Shepherd stands high in Masonic circles and is a mem- ber of the Chapter, Royal and Select WM. M. SHEPHERD. clerked in a drug store in Adrian. In 1870 he went to Troy, Kan., where he opened a drug store, which he con- tinued for five years. He then came to St. Joseph and was business man- ager of the Herald for several years. In 1880 he was appointed assistant postmaster under Col. Tracy, where he remained until 1884, when he again assumed control of the business affairs of the Herald. Mr. Shepherd is a Re- publican, and in 1890 was elected Masters, Knights Templar, and No- bles of the Mystic Shrine. HARRY G. KERR, commercial traveler, was born in Newport, Ohio, Sept. 27, 1869. He came to, St. Jo- seph in 1889 and has been engaged in mercantile pursuits since. He was married in St. Joseph, Oct. 7, 1892, to Miss Lillie M., daughter of Fred- erick and Margaret Endebrock. Their daughter, Elva M., is four years old. 382 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CHESLEY A. MOSMAN, general solicitor for the C, B. & Q. R. R., was born in Chester, Illinois, July 29, 1842, and was educated in the High School of St, Louis. He served in the Union army during the civil war, and came to St. Joseph Dec. 15, 1868. He had adopted the profession of law and in 1872 was made attorney for the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs road. In 1879 he was appoint- ed to the position he now holds, that family to Cincinnati in May, 1854, and afterwards lived in Paducah, Ky., and Memphis, Tenn., coming to St. Joseph in September, 1866, and engaging in mercantile business. He was married Nov. 29, 1869 to Miss Fanny Levi, and has five sons and one daughter living. THOMAS A. WINSTON was born in Ireland in 1842. He attended the Catholic College of England, from which he graduated in 1856, coming at C. A. MOSMAN. of solicitor for the C, B. & Q. lines. Mr. Mosman has achieved a reputa- tion as a lawyer of superior ability, and his long service with the great railroad corporation has made him familiar with every phase of legal complication that arises in the transac- tion ot their immense business. SAMUEL HESS was born Sep*-. II, 1842 in Baden, Germany, and is a son of Kaufman and Babetta (Hau- ser) Hess, He came with his father's once to America. He was in Illinois two years and came to St. Joseph in 1859. From 1861 to 1881 he was in the freight department of the H. & St. J, railroad, after which he engaged in the hotel business. He is an ardent Democrat and served in the city coun- cil from the old Fifth Ward four years and in the school board from 1890 to 1895. Mr. Winston was mar- ried in i860 to Miss Honora Dooley and five children have been born to them. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 383 DAVID E. HEATON, the leading undertaker of the city, was born in St. Joseph April 17, 1855. His parents were David J. and Lucinda (King) Heaton. His father, who recently died, was known as the oldest undertaker in the United States. Our subject, after attending the public schools of the cfty, adopted undertaking as his call- ing, beginning as a partner in his fath- two daughters, Hazel D.. aged fifteen, and Bessie D., aged thirteen, have come to bless their home. • JOHN J. CASTLES, pressman for the St. Joseph Press Publishing Co., is a native of Milwaukee, Wis., where he ij'as born Aug. 14, 1858. He at- tended school at St. Gall's College, DAVID B. HEATON. er's business in 1871. After the retire- ment of his father he conducted the business himself and has succeeded in securing the very best patronage of the city. He is up-to-date in everything that pertains to embalming and caring for the dead, and is always reliable and prompt; Mr. Heaton is a Democrat in politics, but has nevei held any public office. He was married in Tecumseh, Neb., to Miss Mollie H. Thurman, and Milwaukee, and learned the trade of pressman, which he has since follow- ed. He worked in Milwaukee and Omaha and came to St. Joseph Feb. 4, 1895. Mr. Castles was married July 30, i8gi in Omaha, to Miss Mary O'Hara. He is an earnest worker in the cause of labor unions and has been president of the Central Trades and Labor Assembly of St. Joseph. 384 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JOHN STERNE LAWTON, Ref. D., 712. Felix, an expert and scientific oculist, was born near Bedford, Mass., August 2, 1857, his parents being na- tives of Rhode Island. Mr. Lawton, after gaining the ordinary education afforded by the schools, decided to adopt optical science as his profession, and attended the Klein School of Op- tics of Boston and the Philadelphia Dr. Lawton was married in Province- town, Mass., Jan. 3, 1884, to Miss Isa- bella Turner of that place, and two children have been born to them, both of whom are living. MATHEW M. TOOHEY, ice dealer, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 5, 1854, and came to St. Joseph DR. J. STERNE LAWTON. Optical College, and also graduated from the Optical Institute of New York City. Having thus fitted him- self' for the practice of his profession, he located in Boston, where he for many years practiced successfully as a specialist in refractive eye troubles and the cure of all the troubles of the eye. He came to St. Joseph Oct 15, 1898, and secured his present location, where he is meeting with flattering success in the treatment of defective vision. in 1856. He attended school in St. Jo- seph and from 1876 to i88i was a member of the St. Joseph Fire De- partment. He then entered the Unit- ed States mail service, where he was engaged until 1884, when he went into his present Jjusiness, that of an ice dealer. Mr. Toohey is a Democrat and takes an active interest in poli- tics. He was married May 10, 1883 to Miss Agnes Miller, whom he sur- vives. They had four children. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 385 JOHN COMBE, president of the Combe Printing Company, came to St. Joseph in 1858. He learned book- binding, and in 1879 started in busi- ness, the firm being Combe & Mc- Crary. To Mr. Combe's tireless en- ergy and business tact the present establishments stands as a credit. The Combe Printing Company is incor- porated for $100,000, and does busi- ness at 315, 317 and 319 Felix street, vice-president of the Midland Build- ing Association. DEAN U. O'CONNELL, physi- cian, was born in Ireland in 1842, He graduated from the Queen's Royal College in 1858 and came to America in 1859, locating in New York, engag- ing in mercantile pursuits, until 1892, when he began the practice of medi- cine in St. Joseph. Mr. O'Connell is JOHN COMBE. occuping four floors, and at Second and Charles streets, where a large three-story building is occupied as a paper-box factory. Seven traveling men are employed by the Combe Printing Company. Lithographing is a specialty, as well as book-binding. Business is done on a large scale, fully 160 persons being employed." Mr. Combe is a Republican and rep- resented the Sixth Ward in the coun- cil in 1892-94. He is president of the Merchants' Transfer Company, and well known in St. Joseph and among business men throughout the West. E. H. KUSTER, optician, 621 Ed- mond, was born in Covington, Ky., Nov. 28, 1870. He graduated from the Eclectic School, Indianapolis, and came to St. Joseph in 1895, where he "has made for himself a high reputation as an optician and business man. He was married in Cincinnati, April 8, 1896, to Miss Emma Dolls, and a girl baby has come to bless the union. 386 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JOHN T. WARBURTON, Justice of the Peace, is a native of Burg, Lancashire, England, born Nov. 22, 1845. In May, 1855, vi^hen he was but ten years oid, he sailed with his par- ents from Liverpool and after five weeks landed at Boston, from where they proceeded to St. Louis, remain- ing till September, 1856, when they came to St. Joseph. Ellwood, Kansas, time worked on the St. Joseph Herald. He then enlisted on Sept. i, 1862, in Company I, 13th Kansas, and went at once to the front in Arkansas, where he served under General Blunt, and was in several battles. He was known as "the boy of the regiment," on ac- count of his youth. The last eighteen months of his service he was detailed as clerk at regimental and post head- JOHN T. WARBURTON. just across the river, was then a "booming" place and in the spring of 1857 the Warburton family moved there. Young Warburton peddled ap- ples on the ferry boat till 1859, when he entered the office of the Ellwood Free Press, as an apprentice. Here he worked till 1861, when the civil war broke out, and he, with the entire Free Press force, went into the Federal army, although, owing to his -ex- treme youth, he was not enlisted. After six months cf service in Mis- souri, he returned home and for a quarters at Fort Smith. His regiment was mustered out June 26, i86sr^and on his return to St. Joseph he com- menced work in the Herald job office and later worked for the St. Joseph Steam Printing Co. Then he opened a job office of his own and for many years did a general job printing busi- ness. Mr. Warburton is a. staunch Re- publican, and in 1895 was appointed clerk of the police court, which posi- tion he held two years. In the fait of 1898 he was elected by a handsome majority as justice of the peace of BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 387 "Washingtoti township.. Mr. Warbur- ton was married on July 20, 1871 to Miss Mary E. Long, and three girls ■and one.boy have blessed the union. Mr. Warburton is an active member ■of the Knigkts of Pythias, I. O. O. F. and G. A. R. CHRIS L. RUTT, secretary of the board of police commissioners, was born at Milwaukee, Wis., October 8, 1859, the son of Christtan and Cath- ing paper, published by ex-Unit- ed States Senator Edgar G. Ross, of Kansas. In the spring of 1882 he went to the Leavenworth Times, ed- iting telegraph, and remained until July, when he bought a half interest in the Sunday Morning Call, publish- ed at Atchison. This venture was dis- astrous and he returned to Leaven- worth and became city editor of the Standard. In 1883 he came to St. Jo- seph, and worked on the Gazette as CHRIS. L. RUTT. erine (Geiss) Rutt, both from the neighborhood of Bingen. on the Rhine, Germany. In 1863 the family located at Atchison, Kan. The boy attended the Catholic parish school and also St. Benedict's College. At thirteen he left school and went to work, finding employment in the of- fice of the Atchison Champion, where he learned the printer's trade. After working at his trade in various parts of the country, he accepted the place of telegraph editor on the Leaven- worth Standard, in November of 1881. The Standard was then a morn- reporter, telegraph editor and city editor, until May of 1887, when he was appointed secretary of the board of police commissioners, which place he has held continuoiusly since then. He has been a contributor to the Ga- zette and other newspapers during all this time. Incidentally he com- piled the foregoing history. In May of 1887 he was married to Miss Annie Herbst, a native of St. Joseph. Four children were born into this union, two of whom — Helen and Ma- rie — are dead. Those livin-g are Frances and Anna Katherine. 388 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CAPT. MAX MANNHEIM, real cd after he found the regiment would estate dealer, was born in Prussia, Jan. 6, 1851, and attended school there. He came to this country in 1865 and locat- ed in Michigan; came to St. Joseph in 1866 and for years was engaged in the clothing trade. He organized not be sent to the front. Captain Mannheim was married at Memphis, Tenn., in 1875 to Miss Theresa Just. JOHN C. BENDER, claim agent, was born near Hesse Cassel, Ger- CAPT. MAX MANNHEIM. Company F, 4th reg.ment N. G. M. many, June s, 1832, and came to the in 1890, of which he was captain until United Statets in the following year 1891, when he was elected lieutenant- with his parents, who located at Bal- colonel of the Fourth Regiment. In timore, and subsequently moved to a 1898 he organized Company C, 4th farm in Butler County, Ohio. Our regiment and entered the service for subject went to schooi at College Hill, the Spanish-American war, but resign- and among his mates was Murat Hal- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 389 stead. In 1858 he came to Missouri and taught school in Buchanan and Platte counties until 1859, when he located in St. Joseph, embarking in his present business. During the war he was in the United States secert ser- vice for one year. He was first mar- ried in 1865 to Miss Lizzie Markle, of Oxford, Butler County, Ohio, who died in 1868. Subsequently he mar- ried Miss Ella Markle, of the same came to St. Joseph, where for many years he has been the senior member of the law firm of Stauber & Crandall, who have a very extensive and lucra- tive practice. Mr. Stauber is an active Republican and is prominent in poli- tics. Never asking for an office for himself he is a power in his party and is very close to the national adminis- tration, where his judgment and sagac- ity are esteemed. Mr. Stauber was RALPH O. STAUBER. place. They have two children, Wal- ter Bender, druggist, and Mrs. John G. Drew. RALPH O. STAUBER, attorney, is a native of Martinsburg, Va., where he was born June 2, i8S9- His father Col. T. J. Stauber, was an editor and his mother, Margareth (Burwell) Stauber, was a native of Virgmia. Our subject attended Lewis College, Glasgow, Mo., from which he gradu- ated in 1879. He read 'law and prac- ticed first in Brookfield, but in 1883 married June 20, 1888 to ^liss Anna M. Carter oi St. Joseph, and she has borne him two girls. HARVEY S. BUCK, real estate dealer and agent, was born in New York Dec. 10, 1837. He came west in 1866 and located in Clinton County, where he was a banker and real estate dealer. A few years ago he came to St. Joseph and has been successful. Mr. Buck was married in Illinois in 1861 to Miss Louisa Lewis, and one son and two daughters have been born to them. 390 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. JOHN ANDREW FRENCH was educated in the common schools, the New York Polyclinic and Hospi- tal, the Keokuk Medical College and the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, graduating from the latter in the class of 1880. He began practice in this city and was prominently iden- tified with the Northwestern Medical College. Dr. French was born in Gentryville, Mo., Nov. 8, 1853, and was married February 12, 1884 to Miss and Missouri; carried mail from Rock Port to Brownville, Neb., 1862; served in 43d Mo. under Col. Chester Harding, one year. Was in drug busi- ness at Rock Port. Came to St. Jo- seph in 1880, and engaged in the fur- nishing goods line. Subsequently he opened a drug store at Eighth and Edmond, and, in the fall of 1893, moved to his present quarters. Mr. Hope was married at Bethel, Ky., 1869, to Miss Fannie Peters; six chil- DR. J. A. FRENCH. Kate V. Lewis of Andrew County. Dr. French founded and is proprietor of the St. Joseph Private Hospital at Eighth and Sylvanie streets. He was for two years city health officer. The doctor is a member of several secret societies and is a contributor to sev- eral medical journals as well as a ical associations, member of the state and other med- JOHN C. HOPE, druggist, 1724 Messanie, was born in Caseyville, Ky., Nov., 1845, the son of John P. Hope, a merchant. Went with father to Rock Port, Holt County, Mo., in 1859. Attended school in Kentucky dren were born to them, three of whom — Thomas, Ophelia and Nellie — are living. MUNSON D. AYRES, agent of the Singer Manufacturing Company; was born Nov. 29, 1848, in New Jersey. He graduated from the Michigan Uni- versity in 1871, and later went to Kan- sas City, where he engaged' in the sewing machine business. He came to St. Joseph in 1889, and has been iri charge of the Singer Company's busi- ness here since. Mr. Ayres was mar- ried in Albany, N. Y., in 1879, to Miss Isabella Kro-mer. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 391 ■DR. CHARLES G. GEIGER was born in Champaign County, Illinois in 1865; he went to Kansas in 1869, where he grew up on a farm and attended the common schools. In 1886 he came to St. Joseph and graduated from the St. Joseph Medical College, took an hon- orary degree at the Ensworth, then graduated with high honors from the Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- phia, and subsequently attended lec- tures in Vienna. Dr. Geieer has held HENRY F. GLEITZE, hotel keep- er, 701-703 South Sixth, was born in Hanover, Germany, Dec. 25, 1831, the son of Christopher and Maria Cather- ine (Brandt) Gleitze. Came to Amer- ica with his parents, settling at St. Louis; was married in 1854 to Mary Intfeld, who died in 1862. Mr. Gleitze came to St. Joseph in 1863, engaging in the hotel business; was married again Nov. 19, 1886, to Agnes C. Witthopt, of Leavenworth. Four DR. CHARLES GEIGER. important chairs in the Ensworth Col- lege, St. Joseph, and has a member- ship in several medical societies. He has a bright professional future. DR. ROBERT W.THOMAS, vet- erinary surgeon. Seventh and Fran- cis, was born in Kentucky, May 4, 1854. He went to Holt County, Mo., in 1857, where he remained till 1896, when he removed to St. Joseph. He is a graduate of the Chicago Veter- inary College. Dr. Thomas was mar- ried in Holt County, June 6, 1883, to Miss Susie B. Atkins, and they have two children, a boy and a girl. children were born of the first union and one of the last. FRANK W. BEACH was born- in St. Joseph, June 8, 1S69, his parents being James T. and Sarah H. (Foote) Beach. Mr. Beach was educate'd in St. Joseph, and has, held several im- portant positions. He was deputy sheriff under Joseph Andriano, and in 1898 was' nominated by the Republican party for representative from the Sec- ond District. He made a very cred- itable race in a strong Democratic district, being defeated by a very small majority. 392 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. VINTON PIKE was born in York County, Maine, and received his edu- cation at North Bridgeton Academy, North Bridgeton, Me. He came to St. Joseph in 1869 and studied law under Bennett Pil-ce, gaining admis- sion to the bar in 1872. He is one of the foremost and most successful law- yers in Northwest Missouri. CHARLES F. KNIGHT, JR., ci- gars, tobacco and news stand, Dono- van Hotel, is a native of St. Joseph, where he was born Nov. 6, 1867. His father. Dr. Charles F. Knight, is a well-known physician. Our subject attended school in St. Joseph, and for fifteen years, from 1884 to 1899, was engaged in the drug business, four VINTON PIKE. FRANK D. MANN, dentist, was born in Paris, 111., in i860, his parents being named Levi C. and Elizabeth Mann. After attending school at his home he entered the Pennsylvania College of dental surgery, and was in the class of 1882. He began practice At Paris, but after six years removed to St. Joseph in 1888, and is located at Seventh and Felix streets. In 1890 he married Miss Laura Loflin of Indian- apolis, Ind. He is president of the Odontological Society of St. Joseph and dentist for the Home for Little Wanderers. years of the time at Eighth and Ed- mond and two years at Sixth and Fe- lix. He recently became engaged in the news, tobacco and cigar business ROBERT WALKER, florist, 616 South Eighteenth, was born in Eng- land,. March i, 1844, where he learned his profession. He went to Leaven- worth, Kan., in 1888 and remained four years, spent six years in Atchison, and in 1898 came to St. Joseph. He is rap- idly gaining patronage, as he thor- oughly understands his business. Mr. Walker married Miss Louisa Smith in England in 1877. His wife died in 1884, leaving four children. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 393 EDMOND J. ECKEL, architect, was born in Strasburg, Alsace, Ger- many, June 22, 184s. He studied archi- tecture in Germany and in Paris, where he graduated in 1868, and came to America, landing in St. Joseph, July 3, '69. He at once obtained em- EDMUND J. ECKEL. ployment as a draftsman with the firm of Stigers & Boettner, becominf a partner in 1872. In 1880 the firm be- came Eckel & Mann, and in 1891, it was dissolved. Mr. Eckel continuing the business. Some of the finest struc- tures in this and other large cities were designed by Mr. Eckel. In 1875 he was married to Miss M. L. Schroers, who bore him four children. DR. ROBERT L. McALLISTER is a native of St. Joseph, born Feb. 14, 1873. His parents, Thomas B. and Mary (Jordan) McAllister, were from Pennsylvania. Mr. Mc- Allister was with the Wyeth Hardware Company for eight years prior to 1898, and was married Sept. 16, 1896 to Miss Katherine Siner of Dearborn, Mo. He attended the public schools of this city and then studied medicine, graduatr ing from the Central Medical College in the class of 1898. DR. LOUIS J. DANDURANT was born and reared in St. Joseph the date of his birth being March 2, 1875. He attended the Christian Brothers College in St. Joseph and New En- gelberg College at Conception, after which he took a course at Central Medical College, St. Joseph, graduat- ing in the class of 1898. Though young. Dr. Dandurant has a good practice and is professor of chemistry in the Central ^Medical College. His office is at Eleventh and Faraon streets. JOHN J. SHERIDAN of the Sher- idan-Clayton "Paper Co., was born in Buchanan County, Dec. 8, 1846, the son of Solomon N. Sheridan, elected sheriff of Buchanan County in 1856. Mr. Sheridan obtained his education in the St. Joseph schools and engaged in the printing and publishing busi- ness, to which is now added the whole- sale paper business. He was married in St. Joseph in 1872 to Miss Louise, daughter of Thomas and Lucinda Ashton, and they have one boy and two girls. LUCIAN E. CARTER, attorney, was born April 25, 1836 at LeRoy, N. Y.; attended Theresa High School, Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary and Union College, Schenectady, graduat- ing in class of 1859. From 1859 to 1861 taught in Yazoo City, Aliss. ; serv- ed as first lieutenant and captain of loth N. Y. artillery from 1S62 to 1865. Came to St. Joseph in 1866, and prac- ticed law. Married Miss Eliza G. Overall, April 27, 1870, at Macon, Mo. Have had four boys, two of whom are living. Mr. Carter is a Republican. 394 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JAMES W. BOYD, one of St. Jo- seph's leading lawyers, is a native of South Carolina. His ancestors were among the cavaliers who made Eu- taw Springs, Cowpens, Hays Station and other places famous in the history of the Revolutionary war. His grand- mother was a near relative of Arthur Middleton. Within two hundred yards Carolina Cadets, who formed the fa- mous Boy Brigade in General Am- brose Wright's division of Johnston's army. The Boy Brigade received its baptism of fire in the desper- ate battle of Stony Hill, a short dis- tance from Savannah, Ga., after an all night march. From this time until February 17, 1865, when Charleston JAMES W. BOYD. of the Boyd homestead, in Laurens County, S. C, there stands an impos- ing monument erected to the memory of Lieutenant Niel, John Cook and Yancy Saxon, Mr. Boyd's ancestral relatives, and other officers and sol- diers of Col. Joseph Haynes' com- mand, who fell in th»; battle of Hays Station on October 20th, 1781. In Oc- tober, 1864, when not yet sixteen years of age, Mr. Boy3 entered the Confed- erate army aB a member of the South was evacuated, "these brave boys de- fended and held the line of railroad from Savannah to Charleston against heavy odds, resisting Federal troops and the terrific fire of Federal gun- boats. General Wright declared that he never saw more 'valiant soldiers than the boys of this light brigade. Mr. Boyd was with the brigade every day until Johnston's surrender and during part of the time commanded his company. One of his brothers was BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 395 killed in the army of Northern Vir- ginia and another iurrendered with Lee. After the war Mr. Boyd applied himself to books and after graduating from Wofford College in 1871, with distinction and the degree of A. B., took up the study of law. In 1874 he located in St. Joseph and began the practice of his profession. Today he ranks with the ablest and most suc- cessful lawyers in the West. As an advocate he has few equals. Political- ly Mr. Boyd is a Democrat. His party elected him prosecuting attorney of Buchanan County in 1884 and his record in that office is still the stand- ard by which the people measure in- cumbents. Yet he now seldom en- gages in criminal cases. Mr. Boyd is prominent in Masonic circles and in 1885 was elected Grand Master of the state. WALLER YOUNG, lawyer and politician, was one of the most force- ful men in the Democratic party in Northwest Missouri. Mr. Young was born in Bath County, Ky., in 1843 and came with his parents to Buchanan County in 1851, setiling near Easton. He served on the Confederate side during the rebellion, and after the war studied law, graduating at Louisville in 1870. He was private secretary to Governor Woodson, and then repre- sented this district in the state Senate, and subsequently in the legislature. He. was also a member of the board of Asylum managers and president of the St. Joseph School Board and to his energies are due many improve- ments and conveniences at the Asylum and in the school system of the city. He was appointed County Clerk by Governor Stone upon the death of T. Ed. Campbell and filled out the unexpired term. Mr. Young died Nov. 17, 1896. JAMES CRAIG, better known as General Craig, was born in Washing- ton County, Pennsylvania, February 28, 1817, went with his parents to Richland County, Ohio, when two years of age; in 1844 moved tO' Ore- gon, Mo., and began the practice of law; represented Holt County in the legislature in 1846; commanded a com- pany in Powell's battalion in 1847; went to California in 1849, was suc- cessful and returned in 1850, locating in St. Joseph and opening a law offipe; was elected district attorney in 1851; in 1856 was elected to Congress, as a Democrat, and served two terms; soon after the breaking out of the war he was commissioned brigadier gen- eral by President Lincoln; was prom- inent as a railroad builder and at one time president of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Company; in April, 1885, ac- cepted the position of city comptroller and served two years. He died Oct. 21, 1888. HERMAN LUND, shipping clerk, is a native of Germany and came to America in 1854 and St. Joseph in 1858. Served four years and four months in i6th 111., of which he was major in 1865; was deputy sheriff of Buchanan County in 1871-2, and reg- istration officer, 1868. Married Julia Wright in St. Louis, 1864, and has one daughter. 396 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. WILLIAM HARLAN HAYNES, attorney at law, and at present State Senator from Buchanan County, is a native of Kentucky, born in Monti- cello, Wayne County, April 28, 1848. His father, Herbert W. Haynes, was a carpeiiter; his mother's maiden name was Lillie R. Hunt; both were Ken- tuckians, the former a native of Rus- sell County, the latter of Wayne Coun- was married in Buchanan County to Sophia, the daughter of Frederick and Elizabeth Ozenberger. Mrs. Haynes was born in Clinton County, Mo., in November, i8so. Three children came unto this union — Albert F., Hattie F., (now Mrs. E. M. Birkes of St. Jo- seph,) and Maudie, who died at the age of 7 years and 7 months. When Mr. Haynes came from De- WM. H. HAYNES. ty. Our subject came with his parents to Stewartsville, DeKalb County, Mo., in April, 1858. He attended the com- mon schools and at the age of eigh- teen. He read law at night by the light of an old-fashioned coun- try fire place. In 1870 he was admitted to the bar and practiced in DeKalb County until June of 1881, when he came to St. Joseph, where he has since lived. May 15. 1870, he Kalb County to St. Joseph he was known as the most successful lawyer in that county. Shortly after remov- ing to St. Joseph he was employed in several important cases and it was conceded by all who heard him at the trials that be was not only a good law- yer, but an eminent advocate. His success at the St. Joseph bar is well known; as a trial lawyer he has no superior and as an advocate before a BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 397 jury he has few equals in this section. He is often employed in important cases outside the city of St. Joseph and is known all over Northwest Mis- souri as an eminent, successful lawyer. It is a well known fact that speeches- he has made in the Buchanan County court house have been pronounced by bench and bar among the ablest ever made in the halls of justice. He is a staunch Democrat and his political record is without a blemish, and his career as a legislator unsurpassed. As representative in the session of 1879, from DeKalb County, he stood in the front ranks. As repre- sentative in the sessions of 1885 and 1889 from Buchanan County he was a recognized leader and conceded to be the best parliamentarian in the body. At the election in November, 1898, he was elected State Senator of the Sec- ond District, which is composed of Buchanan County only; his record as Senator is fresh in the memory of all. It is universally conceded that he is the most successful member of that body; every bill that he introduced has been passed and become a law; he is a leader in that body and in debate is easily without an equal and is called by the other members "The Lawyer of the Senate." His standing at Jef- ferson City with brother Senators and all the state officials is splendid, and the question is often asked, "To what higher position will he be advanced?" as he is qualified to fill with ability and distinction any office in the gift of the people of the state. MILTON TOOTLE, pioneer mer- chant, whose name is yet prominent in business and financial circles, was born in Ross County, Ohio, Feb. 26, 1823. He went to Andrew County, in 1842, and in 1849 came to St. Joseph. He died January 2, 1887. JOHN PATEE, an active pioneer, vyhose name is prominently connected with the early history of St. Joseph, was a native of Otsego County, New York, born Aug. i, 1814. In 1845 he settled upon the site of the present city of St. Joseph, his holding embracing the various Patee additions, the price of the land being $13 per acre. He built the Patee House, after he had platted his ground into city lots, and donated terminals to the Hanni- bal & St. Joseph Railroad, his belief being that the business of the city would center about his hotel. Patee Park is a monument to this public spirited pioneer. He died February 14, 1868, possessed of property, the taxable value of which was $350,000, and which is today worth several mil- lions. BENJAMIN F. LOAN, ex-Con- gressman, was born at Hardensburg, Ky., in 1819, and came to Buchanan County in 1838. He was a lawyer of reputation and high character and was identified with the histrery of St. Jo- seph from the beginning up to the time of his death, which occurred March 28, 1881. In 1861 he was ap- pointed brigadier general. In 1862 he was elected to Congress and served six years, after which he resumed the practice of law in this city. 398 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CHARLES ANTON PFEIFFER, president of the Pfeiffer Stone Com- pany, was born December 19, 1844, at Sigmaringen, Germany, and is the son of Joseph and Aloise (Waldschuetz) Pfeiffer. His father is a native of Bingen, Hohenzollern, Germany, and his mother was born at Pfullendorff, Grand-duchy of Baden, Germany. His CHARLES A. PFEIFFER. father, a stone cutter of high profi- ciency, came to New York on the sail- ing vessel Sara Sheaf in March of 1849 and our subject followed, with his mother, in the ship Jennie Lind in October of the same year. The family lived in New York, Philadelphia and Chicago until i860, when they came to St. Joseph, arriving April 17, i860. Joseph Pfeiffer began business in his line on the north side of Felix street, between Fourth and Fifth streets, then located at Sixth and Charles streets, and, in 1868, at Fourth and Locust streets, where the business has been for many years conducted on an ex- tensive scale. Our subject attended German and English schools in New York, Philadelphia and Chicago, and various night schools in St. Joseph, among them Bryant's Business Col- lege. Early in life he learned the stone cutter's trade, mastering every detail, and this, co ipled with profi- ciency in mathematics and business tact, has brought the Pfeiffer Stone Company into prominence throughout the West. Mr. Pfeiffer has read ex- tensively and is well abreast of the times, particularly as to the practical sciences, mechanics and political econ- omy. He is also a lover of music and was prominently identified, with the Philharmonia Society in its day and several other musical organizations since. His military record is brief; he served under Capt. Louis Hax in Co. B., 87th regiment M. S. M., in 1865. Mr. Pfeiffer has since his entry into active life, taken great interest in matters pertaining to the advance- ment of St. Joseph, and his name is prominently coupled with every great public enterprise that has been pro- jected. Politically he is a Republican, and as such served in the council, as alderman at large, from the Eighth Ward in 1890-92 and distinguished himself particularly as chairman of the finance committee. He was also a trustee of the Hall School and is now a member of the board of directors of the Free Public Library. In 1898 he was nominated by the Republicans for mayor and was defeated byDr. Kirsch- ner. His defeat was due principally to a factional quarrel in his own party, which grew so intense that many Re- publicans remained away from the polls. Our subject was married in St. Joseph, November 7, 1871, to Louise Charlotte Koch, born at Clinton, La., the daughter of Gerhardt and Jose- phine Koch. Seven children werei BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 399 born into this union — Otto, Edward C, Joseph Anton, Agatha Louise, Alma Pauline, Mary Elizabeth and Helena. All of these are living except Edward C, who died at the age of nineteen months. Mr. Pfeiffer is a Catholic and attends the Cathedral. PATRICK MOELEY, contractor and coal dealer, was born in County Mayo, Ireland, March 8, 1842, the son of Anthony and Mary (Jordan) Mor- ley; came to America in 1859, in the sailing vessel Collodion, landing at New Orleans, and thence to St. Jo- seph. Was at the siege of Vicksburg, also at Corinth, Island No. 10 and New Madrid; after the war he farmed and freighted until 1869, when he en- gaged in teaming and contracting and has built miles of sewers in St. Joseph. His wife, whom he married in 1869, was formerly Miss Elizabeth Dela- hanty, and they have' three children, Mary, Nellie and Laurina J. ABRAHAM DAVIS, ex-member of the Missouri legislature, was born in Buchanan County, July 3, 1844, the son of Joseph and Sarah (Sheckell) Davis, on a farm that is now part of St. Joseph Extension Addition, in the northwestern part of ihe city. In his early days he worked on a steamboat that ran to New Orleans, and was for many years in the ice business. He was elected as Democrat to the legis- lature in 1880 and again in 1890. Sep- tember 16, 1879, he was married to Miss Jennie Robbins, born in New York state; both are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Davis is now in the real estate business. ALBE M. SAXTON, a pioneer merchant and a progressive man, was born near Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 12, 1821 and came to Blacksnake Hills in 1843, clerking for Perry Brothers, who had just opened the second store at this point. By thrift and business abil- ity he amassed a -fortune. He organ- ized the Saxton Bank, which was located in the building erected by him at the northeast corner of Fourth and Francis streets, now occupied by the First National Bank, which represents the consolidation of the Saxton and Schuster-Hax banks. Mr. Saxton died June 27, 1889. WILLIAM RIDENBAUGH, pio- neer newspaper publisher, and founder of the Gazette, was born in Bedford, Pa., on Feb. 19, 1821, and learned the printer's trade. He came to St. Joseph in the spring of 1845 and established the Gazette. He was a Democrat and prominent in political affairs. From 1852 to 1864 he was clerk of the circuit court. In 1870 he was again elected to this office, which he held at the time of his death, October 18, 1874. THOMAS W. TURNER, dye works, 521 S. Third, was born in England, Feb. 4, 1835; came to Amer- ica, August, 1856, locating at St. Paul; went to Kansas in 1865, and came to St. Joseph in 1870. In October, 1864 he was married in New York to Miss Emma Harman, who was born in England in 1842. One boy and three girls, all living, were born to them. 400 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. WILLIAM M. NEENAN was born in St. Joseph, Nov. 14, 1868, and attended the college of the Chris- tian Brothers in St. Joseph. After graduating he decided upon medicine as his profession and attended the Ensworth College of St. Joseph, from which he graduated in 1889. He then steadily grown until he is an^ong the most successful physicians in the city. JOHN CORBY, one of the prom- inent pioneers, was born in Limerick, Ireland, June 24, 1808; came to Amer- ica at the age of twelve years; worked his way and secured what education Ije DR. WM. M. NEENAN. took a course at Rush Medical Cpl- lege, Chicago, from which he grad- uated in 1891, and in 1893 he returned to Rush for a post-graduate course for six months, serving as first assist- ant under Dr. Philip Adolphus, in the clinic, on diseases of women; he also served as second assistant under Dr. J. D. Tuthill in his clinic on diseases of the throat and chest. Dr. Neenan returned to St. Joseph in the spring of 1894 and opened an office at 2335 S. Sixth street, where his practice has could; became a railroad builder; located in St. Joseph in 1843 and be- gan busines as a general merchant; was mayor of St. Joseph in 1856. His business career throughout was suc- cessful, and he died May 9, 1870, leav- ing great wealth and many charitable bequests, principally to> Catholic insti- tutions, having been a member of that church. May 30, 1852 he married Miss Amanda MUsick of Florissant, Mo., who died early in 1899, leaving no children, and after many charitable deeds. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 401 JOHN ARTHUR FLOURNOY, attorney-at-law, First National Bank- Building, was born in Ray County, Mo., April 21 ,1864, and is the son of John S. and Nancy Flournoy, both born in Washington County, Ky., and who came to jMissouri in 1854. Our subject attended school at Richmond, in Ray County, and the Kirksville Nor- mal School. He came to St. Joseph Midia Josephine, i year. Mr. Flour- noy is a Democrat and a member of the Christian Church. MATHEW F. MYERS, insurance agent, is a native of England, born Oct. 9, 1850. In company with his sister he came to America in 1870 and located in Atchison County, coming to St. Joseph in 1873. He kept books JOHN A. FLOURNOY. in 1889 and read law with Col. John Doniphan for two years, being admit- ted to the bar in 1891. Since he be- gan practicing Mr. Flournoy has achieved success, and stands well at the head of the young lawyers at the St. Joseph bar. His wife is Julia, the daughter of Samuel Gann, a pioneer settler of Buchanan County. They have three children— Martha Victoria, aged 6 years; Samuel G., 4 years, and for Weil, Kahn & Co., and Shultz & Hosea for nine years; is now engaged in life insurance. His first wife was Miss Jean Jackson, whom he married in 1874. She died in 1884 and he mar- ried Mrs. Emma B. Keller, at Kansas City, in April, 1888. There were four children by the first marriage and one by the second; all are living. Mr. Myers is a Republican in politics. 402 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. / GEORGE LYON, Justtice of the Peace for Washington Township, is one of the best known and most re- spected citizens of St. Joseph, where he has lived since i860. He was born in Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence, Co., N. Y., May 22, 1823, and lived there until twelve years of age. The next eigh- teen years of his life were spent in of Company C,2Sth regiment Enrolled Missouri Militia. Captain Lyon was president of the first agncultural ex- position in the county and served four terms in the St. Joseph School Board. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1894 and was re-elected in 1898 for four years longer. Judge Lyon was married March 10, 1843 to Miss Jane GEORGE LYON. Albany, Orgensburg and Brooklyn. Mr. Lyon was raisd in the mercantile business and followed it until 1854, when he went to Chicago and engaged in the lumber business. In i860 he came to St. Joseph and engaged in the same business, building up a good and lucrative trade. In 1862 he was elected treasurer of Buchanan County and held the office eight years. He also held the office of City Treasurer. During the civil war he was captsin Judson, a native of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. Ten children were born to them. Judge Lyon is a staunch Re- publican and has fought the battles of his party unceasingly since it was organized. FREDERICK W. SMITH— Sec- ond only to Joseph Robidoux, the founder of the city of St. Joseph, in the early history of the city, and who lived to see it expand and spread out BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 403 over the large body of land he pre- empted adjacent to the original town site, was Frederick W. Smith. Capt. Smith was born October 3, 1815, in Prussia. He received his early ed- ucation in his native town and after- wards entered a military academy, where he was educated as a civil en- gineer. When eighteen years of age he sailed for America. Landing in New York in 1833, he remained there almost a year, and then removed to and named it after the founder of the city, Joseph Robidoux. Capt. Smith pre-empted land, upon which a por- tion of the city now stands, and which has been divided and subdivided and sold at different times. He was a cap- tain of the militia for a number of years, and was afterwards made a Major of the State Volmiteers; was appointed the first postmaster of the village of St. Joseph; in 1861 he was elected mayor of the city; his last office was that of Judge of the Buch- anan County Court, his term ending in 1876. He married Miss Jane Tolin, of Daviess County, Mo., in 1843, who, recently died. Capt. Smith died May 7, 1883. He was a public spirited man and Smith Park, which he gave to the city, perpetuates his name. STEPHEN A. DORING, general merchant, l8th and Messanie, was born in Germany, January 17, 1861. In 1881 he came to America, locating at Troy, N. Y.; came to St. Joseph in 1884, engaged as grocer's clerk. In 1889 was married to Miss Lizzie Her- mann, daughter of the late Joseph Hermann, with whom he subsequently engaged in business at the present lo- cation. Mr. Doring is enterprsing and energetic and has been very successful Two boys and one girl have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Doring. FKBD W. SMITH. New Orleans, where he was employed in a cotton press. Owing to the break- ing out of yellow fever in that city, he embarked on the Mississippi River, and came to St. Louis, where soon after his arrival he was appointed Dep- uty City Surveyor. In. 1838, or 1839 he left St. Louis for the Platte Pur- chase, and settled at Blacksnake Hills (now St. Joseph). Here he engaged in farming and surveying. He made the original map of St. Joseph LOUIS HERWIG, ex-City License Inspector, was born in Germany in 1850 and came to America in 1867, after receiving a good common school education in the Fatherland. He came direct to St. Joseph and was employ- ed at the Nunnmg brewery for some years. Afterwards he engaged in the Si loon business. He was appointed license inspector in 1897 by Mayor Vories. He was married June 6, 1868 to Miss Rosa Zillis. 404 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. MORRIS A. REED, attorney at law, is a native of Watertown, N. Y., where he was educated, graduating from Union Academy. During the civil war he enlisted in Company A, loth N. Y. heavy artillery, in Septemi- ber of 1862, and afterward received an appointment on the staff of General Piper, at that time division comman- Congress against Col. ; James N. Burnes, and gave that gentleman the closest race he had during his Con- gressional career. He Was appointed city counselor by Mayor Englehart, which position he held two years. In 1891 he was appointed general attor- ney for the St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway Company, which position he MORRIS A. REED. der in the defenses of Washington. During the last year of the war he served in the Shenandoah Valley. After the war Mr. Reed returned to Watertown, studied law and in i86g was admitted to the bar, and then located in St. Joseph, where he has been highly successful. For many years he was associated with Col. John Doniphan, but this partnership was dissolved in 1888. In 1882 he .was nominated by the Republicans for still holds. October 15, 1872, Mr. Reed was married to Miss Margie R. Kimball, of Bath, Me. They have two children, Clara A., and Morris H. RANDOLPH T. DAVIS, one of the foremost men of the community in his day, was born December 26, 1837, in Buchanan County, the son of Ishmaeland Nancy (McDaniel) Davis, who were among the first settlers of Buchanan County. Our subject at- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 405 tended such schools as there were in those primitive days, and at tht age of sixteen entered the Western High School to prepare for college, but his father having lost heavily by the de- fault of an official upon whose bond he was, the young man was disap- pointed. Having aided his father in recovering the homestead, our subject Davis Mill Company was built and Mr. Davis was at the head of this bus- iness until his death. He was a great stickler for high grades, and the tri- umphs of his faithful work are in the "No. 10," and '.'No. i" brands, famous the country over. Politically Mr. Davis was a staunch Democrat. He was county collector in 1878-82 and R. T. DAVIS. then he purchased the Union Mills in was elected to the state Senate in 1882, Platte County, and this venture was but resigned after serving in one ses- successful: Craving for a wider field sion of the legislature. He took great he sold the Union Mills and came to interest in the advancement of St. Jo- St. Joseph, purchasing an interest in seph and was a leader in movements the City Mills at Third and Afttoine for public welfare. It was his am- streets, forming a partnership with bition to be mayor and he made un- Isaac Van Riley; in 1876 he became successful efforts in 1888 and in 1890. the sole proprietor. In 1883 the pres- He was married first in February, 1859 ^launched out for hirnself. Up to 1866 to Miss C. L. Bordston, who died in he had been engaged in various lines, 1861, and again in 1863 to Miss Mary without finding something suitable; J. Bordston, his first wife's sister. He ent large' modern mill of the R. T. died Dec. 14, 1894. 4o6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH/ DR. O. C. SEIBERT, osteopathic physician, Hughes Building, is a new arrival in St. Joseph, but he comes recommended as a successful practi- tioner. He was born in 1857, in Ash- land County, Ohio, tfie son of J. W. Seibert, a native of Virginia, and a mine owner. He is a graduate of the THOMAS H. RIl'CHIE, 1201 N. Second street, was born at Madison, Ind., April 21, 1832, the son of Silas and Sarah A. (Taylor) Ritchie; came to St. Joseph in April, 1857 and en- gaged in brick making. During the war was first lieutenant in Company A, 2Sth E. M. M.; has always been a DR. W. W. WER'i'BNBERGBR. famous American School of Osteo- pathy, founded by Dr. A. T. Still, M. D., p. O., and treats with success all curable diseases. The science of Os- teopathy is rapidly coming to the front. Dr. Seibert was married in Adair County, Mo., in 1886, to Alice, the daughter of George Meeks, born in Adair County in 1868, and who died in 1898. Republican; held the positions of dep- uty marshal, city register, deputy city collector, deputy sheriff and city mar- shall, being appointed to the latter place once and elected twice. January 27, 1856, he marrieA at Madison, Ind., Hannah, daughter of Samuel and Mary Brenneman; they had six chil- dren, five living: Sarah, who is Mrs! J. K. Pogue; William B., Frances O., Thomas H. and Effie A. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 407 THOMAS J. DAWSON, lawyer, was born in Clark County, Mo., May 28, 1867, his father, T. B. Dawson, being a pioneer settler of that county. In 1885 our subject entered La Grange College and graduated from the clas- sical course five years later. He at once came to St. Joseph and engaged Ruth Evelyn. Mr. Ransom came to St. Joseph in 1858 and engaged in brick making and contracting. Was a Union man; was- internal revenue col- lector 1872-73, was in city council five years; was a Republican until 1896, when he supported Bryan for the Presidency. THOS. J. DAWSON. in the practice of the law. He is. classed among the brightest young attorneys at the Buchanan County bar. He is a Democrat in politics. WILLIAM Z. RANSOM; contrac- tor, was born at Cincinnati, Dec. 18, 1821. April 19, 1848, married at Cin- nati, to Sarah Robinson, born in Ver- mont, April 6, 1826; had nine children, six girls and 3 boys; four girls died in infancy; those living are Alba Z., Frank, Ruth Ann, William Z. and DR. JAMES E. HEWLETT, den- tist, is a native of Shelbyville, Ky., where he was born March 10, 1821. He came to St. Joseph in September, 1852, and engaged in the practice of dentistry. Dr. Hewlett was married in Shelbyville in November, 1848, to Miss L. A. Brittain, who died in 1870. He took for his second wife Miss Mary Glaskin, the marriage occuring Dec 3, 1873. One daughter was born to them, who is now Mrs. F. C. Stan- nard of St. Joseph. 4o8 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. JAMES WEIR HEDDENS, who stands in the front rank of the medical profession in North- west Missouri, is a native of Barboursville, Clay County, Kentucky, where he was born in 1857. His father was the late Dr. W. I. Heddens, one of the most distinguished physicians of the West. Our subject came to St. He then began teaching anatomy in the old St. Joseph Medical College, which position he held until 1891, when he accepted the chair of Opera- tive Surgery and Gynecology in the Ensworth Medical College, of which he is a trustee. Dr. Heddens has achieved great professional success. He is a hard student and keeps thor- DR. JAS. W. HEDDENS. Joseph with his parents when he was two years old and here he grew to manhood. He began the study of medicine when quite young and grad- uated from the Jefferson Medical Col- -lege, Philadelphia, in 1879, taking the , anatomy prize. He continued his studies under the celebrated surgeon. Dr. Pancoast, and took a practical hospital course after his graduation. oughly informed on all subjects of in- terest to the medical profession. He has been several times Eippointed a member of the board of commission- ers for State Lunatic Asylum No. 2. As a surgeon Dr. Heddens ranks espe- cially high. He was married in 1887 to Miss Marie Barrett of Henderson, Ky., and they have one child, a boy, Barrett Spencer Heddens. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 409 WILLIAM AUGUST ZIEMEN- DORFF, humane officer of the City of St. Joseph, was born in Richardson County, Neb., Dec. 21, 1864. His father, William H., was a native of Germany and was a lawyer. His mother, Margaret (Springer) Ziemen- dorff, was also born in Germany. Mr. Ziemendorff attended the public the position he now holds, that of humane officer. He was married in this city May 15, 1894, to Miss Maud Harding, daughter of William T. and Emma Harding, and two boys have been born to them. DR. J. M. RICHMOND was born in Fairfield, S. C, Sept. 17, 1837-; \vM. A. ZIBMBNNDOHPF. schools in Nebraska, and having de- cided to become a druggist, attend- ed the University of Buffalo, N. Y., where he graduated in pharmacy in the class of 1890. He first came to St. Joseph in March, 1882, and clerk- ed for some time in some of the lead- ing drug stores. From 1896 to 1898 he held the position of steward at the city hospital, and Jan. i, 1899, was appointed by the Humane Society and board of police commissioners to graduated in medicine from the Uni- versity of New York City, in i860; served in the Confederate army as sur- geon; practiced medicine at Abbeville, S. C, for six years after the war; came to St. Joseph in April , 1872. July 29, 186,3 married Miss Edmonia Tomlin of Clifton, Hanover County, Va., of which union there sprang six sons. He holds a high rank in his profes- sion and has contributed freely to the literature thereof. 410 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. FRANKLIN P. MILES was born in Bloomington, 111., Sept. IS, 1865. He chose medicine as his pro- fession and graduated from the Iowa State University in 1893. He is also a graduate of the Chicago School of Psychology. He engaged in prac- tice in Arkansas for a time, and then returned to West Liberty, Iowa, com- railroading; was in the war of 1848, in Germany, and served in the 25th Mis- souri during the civil war; was a po- liceman 1874-80; was a member of the city council, 1884-86. December 16, 1862 married Bridget Fitzgerald, of which union there were three sons and two daughters, all living. Is a Dem- ocrat. DR. FRANKLIN P. MILES. ing to St. Joseph, Fev. 16, 1898. Dr. Miles' has succeeded in gaining a lu- crative practice. His office is in the Ballinger building. JOHN GILLER, local agent of Anthony '& Kuhn, St. Louis brewer}^, was born at Zweibrucken, Bavaria, April I, 1835; his father was a tailoi-. Came to America March 25, 1854 and located at Trenton, N. J.; came to St. Joseph April 16, 1858 and engaged in J. S. BREWER, architect and con- tractor, 2225 North Seventh street, W2S born in Randolph County, 111., July IS, 1851; attended the public schools; located at Savannah, Mo., in 1866, at Maryville in 1868, and at St. Joseph in 1892, following his line. He was married to Miss Sarah McGloth- in, at Maryville, March 31, 1875, of which union there are three children — two daughters and one son. Mr. Brewer is a Republican in politics. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 411 B. R. DAILY, live stock commis- sion, does business at the St. Joseph stock yards and resides in Andrew County. He was born in Andrew County, Oct. 20, 1866, the son of C. M. Daily, live stock shipper, born in DeKalb County, and Mary (Holt) Daily, born in Andrew County. Mr. Daily was engaged in the live stock Joseph in 1858 and taking up his res- idence at what is now 321 N. Tenth street, where he still lives. His father, Ziba, and mother, Lydia, were from Vermont. He married Elizabeth L. Steel in 1849 and they have had six children. Mr. Ransom has held the offices of sheriff, collector, state Sen- ator and member of the St. Joseph B. R. DAILY. business at Savannah prior to locat- ing in St. Joseph. He began business here Dec. i, 1898, and has been high- ly successful, having the confidence of his many patrons. DANIEL RANSOM, now retired, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he lived till 1850, when he removed to Leavenworth. For a time he lived in Weston, Platte County, Mo., and then in DeKalb County, coming to St. City Council. He is • liberal in re- ligion, belonging to Unity Church. THEODORE STEINACKER, civil engjineer, born May 4, 1853, at St. Louis; came to St. Joseph in 1858 and was educated in St. Joseph High School and Rensselaer Polytechnic In- stitute, Troy, N. Y., graduating from the latter in 1873. Mr. Steinacker was county surveyor from 1881 to 1888, and was again elected in 1896. 412 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. MAJOR CLAY C. MACDON- ALD was born in Stewartsville, Mo., from which place his father, Colonel D. M. Macdonald, after returning from a term of four years' service in the Confederate army, under Gener- als Price and Shelby, removed his family to St. Joseph, Mo., in Novem- ber, 1865. Major Macdonald was terward entered the law office of Jud- son & Motter, attorneys, and later, in 1887, formed a co-partnership with the Hon. T. F. Ryan, which continued until 1892, when it was dissolved by mutual consent. Alajor Macdonald then continued the pi ictice of his pro- fession alone, until April, 1894, when he was appointed by President Cleve- MAJOR CLAY C. MACDONALD. educated in the public schools of St. Joseph. He was graduated from the high school in June, 1875, and was chosen valedictorian for his class, that being the highest honor then confer- red in the high school. After grad- uation, he studied law in the office of H. K. White, Esq., and was admit- ted to the bar, but did not enter into active practice for some years, being in the employ of Messrs. R. L. Mc- Donald & Co. of this city. He af- land surveyor of customs for the port of St. Joseph, and custodian of the public building. Major Macdonald administered this tiust with fidelity to the government and with honor and credit to himself. In politics, Major McDonald has always been a staunch Democrat, believing that the welfare of the people can be best subserved by the triumph of the principles of that party. He has been on both county and city central BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 413 committees, and has held the office of secretary and treasurer of the for- mer, and has always worked earnestly to advance the interests of the party. Major Macdonald has always been an enthusiast in military matters. He has been a member of th-e National Guard of Missouri for quite a number of years. In 1880 he joined the Saxton Rifles of this city, and in iSSi rose from the ranks to first Heutena-nt of Company B of the Saxton Rifles Battalion; later he was made captain of the company, and upon a reorgani- zation of the Rifles the two companies were consolidated and Major Macdon- ald was made captain and continued in that position until, from a lack of state support, the company disbanded in the fall of 1883. In July, 1891, he received from Colonel Arbuthnot an appointment as captain and quarter- master of the Fourth Regiment, N. G. M. He held this office until August, 1891, when the Wickham Rifles were organized and he was chosen captain and commissioned by Governor Fran- cis. The company was attached to the Fourth Regiment and assigned the let- ter "K." In 1892, on accounut of the efficiency in drill and discipline of his company, Captain Macdonald was cho- sen to command Company H, Fifth Provisional Regiment, N. G. M., which was to represent the state at the dedication of the World's Fair, in October, 1892. Captain Macdonald was appointed aide-de-camp on Gov- ernor Stone's staff, with the i-nk of lieutenant-colonel of cavairy, and a commission was forwarded him. Cap- tain Macdonald respectfully declined to leave his company, believing he could be of more use to the state guard in the capacity of captain of Compa- ny K. On the call for volunteers for the Spanish-American war. Captain Macdonald tendered the services of Company K to the governor by tele- graph before it was known what regi- ments would be taken from Missouri. On May 9, 1898, the company, under command of Captain Macdonald left St. Joseph for Jefferson Barracks, Mo. While here Captain Macdonald was promoted to major of the Fourth Reg- iment and was mustered into the serv- ice of the United States on May 16, 1898, as major of the Fourth Regi- ment, Missouri Infantry, United States Volunteers, and was assigned to the command of the third battalion, and later on to the command of the second battalion. He served with his regi- ment in the same capacity until it was mustered out at Greenville, S. C, Feb. 10, 1899. Major Macdonald brought to his new position the same strict ideas of discipline and performance of military duty that had characterized his administration of company affairs. The most implicit obedience to orders and performance of military duties were exacted from his officers and men, and all infractions of the regu- lations were visited with swift and se- vere punishment. His battalion soon became noted for its discipline and ef- ficiency, and was chosen to represent Missouri in the Peace Jubilee at Phil- adelphia in October, 1898, by Lieuten- ant-Colonel W. P. Burnham, then commanding the regiment. .Major Macdonald, upon his return to. civil life, has taken up the practice of his profession. FREDERICK LAUBERT is a na- tive of Hessen, Germany, where he at- tended school. He came to America in 1851 and located in St. Joseph, where he engaged in boot and shoe making. He was in the militia during the civil war. In 1866 he was married in St. Joseph to Miss Yant, a native of Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and they have bed six children, four of whom are living. Mr. Laubert is a Republican. 414 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CAPTAIN CHARLES F. KEL- LER, attorney at law, is a native of Columbus, Ohio, where he was born Feb. 9, 1864. He came with his par- ents to St. Joseph early in 1866. His father is Jacob Keller, a well-known grocer. After attending the public schools and the Christian Brothers' College, our subject assisted his father holding the position of judge advocate, with the rank of captain, and when the call came for troops for the Spanish- American war he at once began re- cruiting a company for the service, raising a full company, which was mustered in with the Fourth Regiment as Company I, with Captain Keller commanding. He was with the regi- ■ 1 yi^tM '\. j-U !!.°s^H ■■ 1 ■ -a_/\^^V^^J^M |H 1 1 i ^- I t i^^^ t i ^^^sst ' ' ' '^'tmI 1 1 ^ tt&a^ C~'^t':^ 1 ^'.X gl^^^M !■ CAPT. CHARLES F. KELLER. in the store, then learned the cigar- maker's trade and afterwards engaged in the grocery business for himself. Finally he decided on the study of law, and with this end in view took the law course at the Missouri State University, from which he graduated. His reading was done in the office of Kelly, Crosby, Rusk & Craig, and he began to practice in. 1890. Mr. Keller was a member of the Fourth Regi- ment, National Guard of Missouri, ment all through its service until mus- tered out at Greenville, S. C, Feb. 10, 1899. Captain Keller gained distinc- tion as an officer, and had one of the best companies in the regiment. He is an active Democrat, politically, and at the time he entered the army was a candidate for nomination for prose- cuting attorney. Mr. Keller was mar- ried April 26, 1893, to Miss Annie Farrell of St. Joseph, and they have two children, Marie and Richard F. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 415 JAMES M. WILSON, attorney, was born Dec. 29, 1857, in Buchanan County, Mo., near DeKalb. He is the son of Joseph Wilson, who came to the county in the fall of 1837 and located on a farm near DeKalb, where he still resides, at the age of seventy- seven years. The old pre-emption house on the farm, built in 1837, still of his profession. INIr. Wilson is a Republican and in 1888 was nominated by his party for city attorney, but was defeated by a small majority; he was afterwards, in the same year, nominat- ed for county prosecuting attorney, but declined to make the race. He is now chairman of the Republican coun- ty central committee. He is a mem- JAMES M. WILSON. stands, " and is probably the oldest house in the county. The subject of this sketch went to school in the log school house and worked on his fath- er's farm until the fall of 1881, when he engaged in teaching a country school, at the same time reading law, until he was admitted to the bar in May of 1886, since which time he has been actively engaged in the practice ber of Enterprise Lodge, No. 232, L O. O. F., Zeredatha Lodge, No. 189, A. F. and A. M.; Pride of the West Lodge, No. 42, A. O. U. W., and Mis- souri Camp, No. 1883, M. W. A. On July 19, 1892, he was married to Ger- trude Minor of Stockbridge, Mo., a daughter of Dr. John Minor, deceased. They have two children, Robert N- and Bernice. 4i6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. JOHN H. SAMPSON, physi- cian and surgeon, whose office is in the Corby block. Fifth and Edmond, was born in Buchanan County, Jan. 29, 1857. His father, Benjamin, is a farmer and miller and was born in Illinois, while his mother Eliza (Ewell) Sampson is a native of Ray County, Mo. Our subject early de- cided on the profession of medicine as tended field of operation and his suc- cess in the city has been in keeping with his expectations. Dr. Sampson was married Aug. 7, 1878 to Miss Mary J. Parnell of Buchanan County. One boy and four girls, all now living, have been born to them. LOUIS EGER of Hund & ^Eger; bottling works, 423 N. Second, was DR. JOHN M. SAMPSON. the one best suited to him and he pre- pared himself by attending the Mis- souri Medical College at St. Louis, graduating in 1881; also with a post- graduate course in 1891. On his grad- uation,, in 1881, he located at New Market, in Platte County, Mo., where he built up a large practice and where he still has many patrons. February 19, i8g6 Dr. Sampson located in St. Joseph that he might have a more ex- born in St. Joseph Oct. 20, i860, and attended the public schools of his na- tive city, after which he engaged in the brewing business with his father at the New Ulm brewery. He remained in this business till 1877, after which he went into the bottling business with William Hund, |ind the firm has a wide reputation as bottlers of beer and manufacturers of soda and mineral waters. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 417 WALTER ANGELO POWELL, architect, was born in Maryland, Jan. 7, 1829. He was educated in New York and Philadelphia, adopted ar- chitecture as his profession, and has since achieved fame. He came to St. Joseph in 1866, where he has design- ■U". ANGELO POWELL. ed and erected some of the best build- ings. Mr. Powell was married in 1857 and has eight children. CHARLES M. BETTS, real estate agent, 716H Edmond street, was born In Otsego County, N. Y., June 27, 1852. His father, Roderick C. Betts, a farmer, was born in Maryland. His mother's maiden name was Johanna P. Wilson; she was a native of New York State. The family went to Bloomington, 111., in September of 1865, and returned to New York in August of 1873. Our subject was ed- ucated in the district and common schools and then learned the machin- ist's trade; came to St. Joseph March 13. 187s, and has resided here con- tinuously since, with the exception of two years; worked as a machinist in the shops of the Kansas City, St. Jo- seph & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- pany for ten years, and then went to Walnut, Texas, where he remained two years; returned to St. Joseph in 1887 and embarked in the real estate business, in which he has been suc- cessful. Was married Oct. 10, 1876, in St. Joseph, to Miss Mary A. Estes, born Jan. 15, 1855. They have one child, Otie E., born Dec. 14, 1877, who graduated from the St. Joseph High School, class of 1896; entered the freshman class of the Northwestern University, at Evanston, 111., in Sep- tember, 1896, and the sophomore class of the University of Chicago in Oc- tober, 1897, and is now a member of the junior class of that institution. Mr. Betts is a Republican in politics, though not a strict partisan. He is not identified with any church. EDWARD KIEFFER, of the met- ropolitan police force, was born on March I, 1859, in Harrison Counuty, Ohio, of German parents; attended country schools in Johnson County, Mo.; came to St. Joseph August, 1884, and worked at stock yards, woolen mills and drove street car until 1888, when he was appointed patrolman. Was married Sept. 25, 1880, in John- son County to Mary L., daughter of , Louis A. and Nancy Hunt; they have two children, Everett Archie, aged ten and Ethel Naomi aged one, living and Anthony P., dead. WILLIAM B. McNUTT, book- binder, was born at Londonderry, Ire- land, April 22, 1838 and came with his parents to Philadelphia in 1848, where he attended school. He came to St. Joseph in 1857 and has been engaged in book-binding since then. He was chief of the fire department for four- teen years prior to 1885. 4i8 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. WILLIAM KNOWLES JAMES, at present Judge of Circuit Court, Di- vision No. 2, of Buchanan County, the son of Urias Thomas James and Eliza J. (formerly Knowles), of Sus- sex County, Delaware, was born in that county, August 20, 1852. When fourteen years of age he, with his par- ents, moved to the neighborhood of close application to study the follow- ing year affected his health, but by farm work it was soon regained. He taught one school in East Nebraska City, in his home county, and the sec- ond year he again attended Central College. He then went to Yale Col- lege, taking the regular course, grad- uating in 1878. Since August of that JUI>GB W. K. JAMES. Barry, Pike County, Illinois, and after three years there the family made their residence near Hamburg, Fremont County, Iowa. The early life of Judge James was spent on a farm, save a few months of the year passed in the coun- try or village school. At eighteen he taught a winter school three miles from home, walking the distance to save board, and with his earnings at- tended the spring term, in 1870, of the Central College at Fayette, Mo. Too year he has been a citizen of St. Jo- seph, applying himself to his chosen profession, the law. His legal precep- tor was the late ex-governor, Willard P. Hall. By study, energy and up- rightness he has justly earned a posi- tion of honor among the lawyers of St. Joseph and Northwest Missouri, and the people, in 1898, by a handsome majority over his party vote, elected him circuit judge. In politics he has always been a Democrat. He has reg- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 419 lalarly participated in every campaign, but was especially active on the stump and in joint discussions for his party in Northwest Missouri in 1896. When fourteen years of age he united with the church. Since coming to St. Jo- seph he has been a member, and for years has been an elder, of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1883 he was married to Miss Mary A., daughter of Thomas E. and Ellen (Bell) Tootle, and has two children, Nellie Tootle James and Thomas Tootle James, aged fourteen and ten years, respectively. SIMEON KEMPER, a pioneer and one of the first surveyors, was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, February 5, 1799 and came to Black- snake Hills in 1840. He made a plat of Robidoux's prospective town, but it was rejected because the streets were too wide. The people of St. Joseph today sincerely regret this. Mr. Kem- per was one of the oiiginal surveyors of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Rail- road, and held the office of county surveyor. He died March 11, 1882. JOHN BLOOMER, captain of police, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, on May 15, 183S and came to America when eighteen years of age, locating at Litchfield, Conn. After working for three years on farms he located in Dodge County, Neb., where he entered land and lived until 1859, when he came to St. Joseph. Freight- ing to Denver was then a lucrative, though dangerous business. " Mr. Bloomer invested in teams and cross- ed the plains repeatedly each year un- til the close of the war. He was first appointed policeman in 1866. In 1868 he was appointed street commissioner. In 1874 he was again appointed police- man and has been continuously on the force since then. When the Metro- politan police force was organized in 1887 he was made first sergeant. In March of 1888, when Capt. Broyles died, he was made captain, which po- sition he has since filled with credit. Capt. Bloomer was married in 1858, in New York City, to Miss Abbie O'Reilly. Nine children were born unto them, three of whom are living. HIRAM P. BURCH, barber, 608 Edmond street, was born in Green County,. Ind., Nov. 23, 1861. He at- tended school in his native state and learned the barber trade, after whicH he worked in various places until July, 1891, when he located in St. Joseph. Mr. Burch was married June 27, 1888, to Miss Ida B. Summers, who, with four little girls, graces his home at 603 South Fifth street. WASHINGTON BENNETT w?.', born in Union County, Ohio, and came to Buchanan County in 1858, and to St. Joseph in 1872. He enlist- ed in Colonel Penick's regimert in 1862, and again in the Forty-Fourth Missouri Infantry, serving until 1865 He was elected to the legislature in 1866, and from 1873 to 1884 was 3 member of the police force. Since that time he has been acting as spe- cial watchman. He was married in St. Joseph in i860 to Miss Christina Oldham, who died in 1873, leaving five children. 420 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. HENRY W. BURKE, Justice of the Peace, Washington Township, was born in King William County, Va., Nov. 30, 1837, the son of William and Sophia (Bosher) Burke. -His father was of Irish ancestry; was a farmer, bookkeeper and court clerk; also a slave owner. His mother is still liv- ing with her sons in St. Joseph, and mond until 1865, when he went to Philadelphia and obtained employ- ment in the book-printing department of Lippincott & Co. In 1868 he came with his mother and the family of his brother, Josephus Burke, to St. Jo- seph. Worked as a printer on The Daily Union and was subsequently a reporter under John B. Hinman, the HENRY W. BURKE. is eighty-seven years of age. Our subject received a limited education in the common schools at Richmond, Va., and learned the printer's trade in the office of the Richmond Examiner, owned and edited by John M. Daniel, uncle of Senator Daniel of Virginia. He was identified with the Confeder- acy during the civil war and took the oath of allegiance at Libby prison, where he had been on duty for five months. Worked as a printer at Rich- city editor. Was sent to Baltimore as delegate to the International Typo- graphical Union and is today an hon- orary member of the St. Joseph branch of that organization. Worked as a reporter on C. C. Scott's Daily Evening Chronicle, on the Evening News, published by Switzler & Chap- man, on the Gazette and on the Her- ald. Was appointed Justice of the Peace of Washington Township April u, 1882, to succeed Augustus Saltz- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 421 man, who had been elected city attor- ney; was elected for four years in No- vember of 1882, and for two succeed- ing terms of four years each; was de- feated in November of 1894 and again elected in November of 1898. Served three years as a member of the school board from the Second Ward. On January 14, 1896 was licensed to prac- tice law by J.udge A. M. Woodson of the Circuit Court. Judge Burke is prominent in the Democratic party. He is unmarried. JOSEPH J. WYATT. JOSEPH J. WYATT was one of the pioneers of St. Joseph, and one of the most worthy of our citizens during his career. He was a native of Illi- nois, born in St. Clair County, July 13, 1819. When two years of age his mother died and his father moved to Kentucky, where our subject spent his youth. He enjoyed good educational advantages and was a diligent student. He read law with John Cavan, a lead- ing attorney in those days and was admitted to the bar. March 28, 1844 he married Miss Emily Gooding. To them twelve children were born, only three of whom — John C, George H. and William — are living, the first be- ing of the firm of Townsend & Wyatt, the second of the firm of Brady & Wyatt of the city, and the last being prominent in commercial circles at Omaha. Our subject came to St. Jo- seph in 1845. He was town clerk, pro- bate judge, judge of the court of com- mon pleas, postmaster and held other positions of public trust and honor and he discharged every obligation with scrupulous care and fidelity. In November of 1850 he identified him- self with the Christian Church and was in time called to the pulpit, which he filled with zeal and distinction. In fact Elder Wyatt, as he was better known, was the leader of the strug- gling congregation and had the satis- faction of beholding the good fruits of his earnest work before he died. His was an active life and he left a record that is without tarnish. He died suddenly April 9, i88i. JOHN M. FELLING, born April 23, 1849, died February 16, 1899, was the largest member of the St. Joseph police force, and one of the largest policemen in the country in his time. Mr. Felling was born in Germany, and came with his parents to Wes- ton, Platte Counuty, later moving to St. Joseph, where he was head saw- yer in the Hax furniture factory fc*- a number of years. Oct. 10, 1888, he was appointed on the police force and served with credit and distinction up to the time of his death. His wife and six children survive him. The children are Charles, Rasalie, Joseph, Lizzie (Mrs. Roberts), Clara and Ed- mond. Deceased was a staunch Dem- ocrat and a practical Catholic. 422 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. MAJOR WILSON S. HEN- DRICK, treasurer of the George A. Kennard Grocer Company, was born in Chicago, June 27, 1866, and is the son of Robert U. Hendrick, the lead- ing jeweler of St. Joseph. Our sub- ject came with his parents to this city in December of 1879. He attended the public schools and finished at the advanced to the grade of first lieuten- ant of the same company, and on Dec. 2, 1892, was made quartermaster of the Fourth Regiment. When the Spanish- American war broke out he was among the first to tender his services, and when the Fourth Regiment was mustered into the United States vol- unteer service at Jefferson Barracks, MAJOR WILSON S. HENDRICK. St. Joseph high school, and then began his mercantile career, working first in a bank and later in the wholesale gro- cery trade. He had a strong inclina- tion toward military life from his ear- liest years. When the Wickham Ri- fles (Company K) of the National Guard of Missouri, were organized, in August of 1891, he was elected as sec- ond lieutenant. July 22, 1892, he was on May 16, 1898, he was commissioned as major. The regiment was not sent to the front, however, doing only camp duty, and when hostilities ceased Ma-- jor Hendrick resigned and returned to his private pursuits. October S, 1898, he was married to Miss Madge Hosea, daughter of ex-Mayor Isaac T. Hosea of St. Joseph. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 423 PRANZ L. BAUER, proprietor of "The Buffalo" saloon, was born in Bavaria, Germany, Dec. 31, 1865, his parents being B. L; and Sophia (Dorst) Bauer. He came to America with his parents in 1872, locating in St. Joseph, where he attended school, graduating from the Christian Broth- ers' College, 1879. He then engaged came of age was made manager of the Postal Telegraph Company's office in this city, which position he has held ever since and by strict attention to business has secured his company a large share of the telegraph traffic of the city. Mr. Brinson is an earnest Republican in politics, but has never aspired to office. FRANZ L. BAUER. in the saloon business, which he has followed ever since. He is an ardent lover of athletic sports and was at one time owner of the St. Joseph Baseball Club. He is a Republican. WILLIS GILBERT BRINSON, manager of the Postal Telegraph Co., was born on a farm near St. Joseph, Sept. 18, 1867, and was educated in the public schools of St. Joseph. He learned telegraphy and before he be- JAMES D. WITTEN, real estate, was born Nov. 2, 1844 in Monroe Co., Ohio, his father John N. being a steamboat captain. He attended school at Belair and Antioch College, Ohio, and removed to Iowa, where he enlisted, serving three months in the 1st Iowa infantry and three years in the 7th Iowa cavalry. Mr. Witten came to St. Joseph Nov. 28, 1874 and engaged in business. He is a Repub- lican in politics. 424 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ELIJAH M. BIRKES. dealer in agricultural implements, 216 S. Fourth street, St. Joseph, is a native of Barry County, Mo., born September 18, 1866. He was educated in the com- mon schools of Barry County and at Elliott's Business College, Burlington, Iowa. In 1888 "Mr. Birkes came to St. Joseph and after traveling as a sales- man for some years, engaged in busi- RICHARD FULKS, member of the metropolitan police force, was born in Platte Counuty, Mo., Sept. 17, 1862, the son of A. C. Fulks, born at Rockford, N. C, and Sarah Jane (Wolf) Fulks, born in Pennsylvania. Our subject came U> St. Joseph in 1884 and worked in the shops of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad prior to his appoint- BLIJAH M. BIRKES. ness for himself. By fair dealing and a thorough knowledge of his lines he has won the confidence of the people and has built up a lucrative trade. He was married in St. Joseph, February 15, 1894, to Harriet, daughter of Hon. Wm. H. Haynes. Mr. and Mrs. Birkes have one child, a girl. Mr. Birkes is Republican in politics and now represents the Fourth Ward in the city council, where he figures as an able leader of the minority. ment on the police force, June 15, 1893. In May of 1891 he was mar- ried to Nora Christman, born at Car- roUton, Ohio, Jan. 30, 1868, the daugh- ter of Michael and Christina Christ- man, now of St. Joseph. Mrs. Fulks died Oct. 4, 1894, leaving one child, Ray Norman, now seven years of age. Politically, Mr. Fulks is a Democrat, and in matters of faith an Episcopal- ian. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 425 MILTON O. BLACKMORE, financial agent and brpker, office in German-American Bank Building, is a native of Drakeville, Iowa, where he was born in April, 1870. He at- tended school in his native state, and then -located in Lyons, Kansas, where he was married to Miss Lizzie Clark, a native of Missouri, on Dec. 10, 1890. In 1892 Mr. Blackmore removed to 7 years; Clark, 4 years, and Beulah, aged I year. JOHN MOECK, proprietor de- partment store, 1902-1904 St. Joseph ave., was born in Wurtemberg, Ger- many, Oct. 4, 1846; came to America May i860, locating at Ravenna, Ohio; came to St. Joseph in 1868 with $5 in cash, secured employment as book- MILTON O. BLACKMORE. St. Joseph, where he took a position with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Co., remaining with it until 1897, when he engaged in his present business of negotiating loans. Though yet a young man, he stands high in business circles and in social circles as well. Mr. and Mrs. Black- more live at 419 North Tenth street, with their three children, Verne, aged keeper in a clothing house and has fought his own way to his present position. Since 1877, has been in bus- iness for himself; was married first to Miss M. O. Islaub, who died in 1894, leaving seven children. His sec- ond wife was Mrs. Elizabeth Giebens, to whom he was married in October, 1898. His father, John, is living with him, and is hale and hearty at the age of eighty-two years. 426 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. CHARLES R. WOODSON, superintendent of the State Lunatic Asylum No. 2 is a native of Kentucky, born in Knox County, May 17, 1848. His father, Benjamin J. Woodson, was also a Kentuckian and his mother, whose maiden name was Margaret J. Fulkerson, was a native of Lee Coun- ty, Va. In 1855 the family came to before he graduated he was married to Miss Julia Taber, daughter of Dr. Paul T. Taber, of Albany, N. Y., who died in Buchanan County in 1853. In 1886 Dr. Woodson moved to St. Jo- seph, where he also built up a large practice which he continued until Au- gust II, 1890, when he wSs appointed to his present position. That Dr. DR. C. R. WOODSON. Lafayette County, Mo., and in 1856 to Buchanan County. Our subject was educated in the public schools of this county and then, having chosen the medical profession for his life's work, he entered the Missouri Medical Col- lege at St. Louis from which institu- tion he graduated with honors March 6, 1872. Opening an office at Agency he met with success and rose to a high place in his profession. Shortly Woodson is a man of affairs and cap- able of great undertakings and a prac- tical economist as well, is demonstrat- ed by his remarkable record in man- aging the Asylum, which is one of the largest institutions of its kind in the United States. His fame as a success- ful physician and humane superintend- ent extends throughout the land and under him Asylum No. 2 has become a model. Politically Dr. Woodson is BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPPI. 427 an active Democrat and he exercises REV. CORNELIUS I. VAN a marked influence in that party. In DEVENTER, a pioneer and venerat- religion Dr. Woodson is affiliated With the Christian Church. He is a mem- ber of various medical societies and finds time to lecture once a week to the classes of Ensworth Medical Col- lege on diseases of the nervous sys- tem. THOS. J. CARSON. ed minister of the gospel, of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, South, was born on a farm in Loudoun County, Va., July 25th, 1825, the son of Cor- nelius and Mary C. (Gallagher) Van Deventer, both natives of Loudoun County. In November of 1836 our subject came, with his mother, grand- mother and brother, to Missouri, locating near Hannibal. After attend- ing the schools in his neighborhood and seminaries at Shelbyville and Philadelphia, Mo., our subject entered the ministry, beginning his life's work at Shelbyville, Mo., in March of 1844. He came to St. Joseph first in 1852, and again in 1868, and was pastor of the Francis Street Methodist Church. During the past twenty years Rev. Van Deventer has been pastor of sev- eral churches which he organized in St. Joseph, and has been presiding elder of the St. Joseph District. He is now a superannuated member of the Missouri Annual Conference of the M. E. Church, South. August 27, 1846, he was married at Paynesville, Pike County, Mo., to Elizabeth A., and Elizabeth THOMAS J. CARSON was one of '^e daughter of John j the pioneers of the Platte Purchase. Mr. Carson was born in Cocke Coun- A. Grimes, the bride being a native of Paynesville, born January 5, 1830. ty, Tenn., Dec. 24, 1825, where his -phe golden wedding anniversary of father was also born. He married ^j^j^ worthy couple was celebrated in Miss Sarah Easterhay Nov. 19, 1846, ^^.^ ^^^ ^^^j^ ^^^^^^ j,^,^ Three and in 185 1 came with his wife and .t, . n/r , small children to Platte County, later children were born to them - Mary removing to Buchanan, where he was Elizabeth, October 10, 1847, who died for many years a successful farmer, as Mrs. Charles Stewart in her 26th His wife died March 22, 1882, leaving y^^j.. qjj^, g^^ i,orn August 11, 1852, borne him nine children, of whom five ^^^' ^ commercial traveler, and John are still living, among them Deputy , j- j • Sheriff T. Jeft Carson Our subject W., born Oct. 23, 1857, who died m died March 31, i899- ^'^^ 30th year. 428 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JOHN J. HORIGAN, president of the Horigan Supply Co., 209-211 S. Fourth street, is one of the youngest of St. Joseph's prominent business men. He was born in St. Joseph in October 10, 1869, and is the son of the late James Horigan, one of the pioneer plumbers of St. Joseph. James Horigan, a native of Ireland, the firm and be has demonstrated re- markable ability in the conduct of its affairs. Mr. Horigan was educated in St. Joseph and is unmarried. CLARENCE U. PHILLEY, man- ager Tootle Theater and confidential clerir to. Milton Tootle, Jr. and the Tootle Estate, was born Oct. 31, 1866 HB^ jKt^M ^^KBH^^^)i%u J^^^ 1 ,^ ml ^^k .*fe: JOHN J. HORIGAN. came to America in 1850 and to St. Joseph in i860, where he engaged in the plumbing trade. His energy and application to business were re- warded and he soon saw the rather insignifcant business grow larger and larger until now the company is one of the greatest in its line in the west, its patronage coming from all the country tributary to this city. On the death of his father several years ago our subject was called to the head of in McDonough, Chenango County, N. v.; was educated in the common schools and Chaffee's Business Col- lege, Oswego, N. Y. Came to St. Joseph Jan. i, 1886 and for four years was office clerk and stenographer for the Buell Mfg. Co., then assumed his present position. He was married in Topelca, Kan. on Nov. 6, 1891, to Miss M. Elizabeth Van Houten, and two girls, Myra Nan and Grace Elizabeth have been born to them. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 429 DR. EUGENE H. BULLOCK, physician and surgeon, of South St. Joseph, is a native of Doniphan Coun- ty, Kan., where he was born Sept. 26, 1867, his parents W. W. and Cynthia (Hastings) Bullock being natives of New York state. He acquired the ordinary public school education, after which he entered the Ensworth successful and has become one of the leading citizens. Dr. Bullock also conducts a drug store in connection with his practice and does all the "accident" surgery for the big packing houses. He is vice-president of the So. St. Joseph Commercial Club, and government pension examiner. Dr. Bullock was married June 3, 1891 to DR. EUGENE H. BULLOCK. Medical College of St. Joseph and graduated in 1891. He began the practice of his profession at Forest City, Holt County in 1891, remaining there till 1894. He was coroner of Holt County, 1892-94. In the latter year he removed to Nodaway, Aii- drew County, where he remained un- til 1897, when he removed to St. Jo- seph, locating in the southern suburb, at the Stockyards, now known as South St. Joseph. Here he has been Miss Edna Davis of, Doniphan, Kan., and two pretty girls have come to bless their union. FRANK KAUCHER, elevator ar- chitect, 2212 Frederick avenue, was born at Germantown, Ohio, July 2, 1856, where he attended school. Came to St. Joseph in 1884. Was married in Germantown, Oct. 16, 1886 to Miss Ida McCranor, who has borne him two boys and one girl, all living. 430 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. JOSEPH MERRILL HAM- BLIN was born at Portland, Me., Sept. i6, 1850. He came West when quite young and graduated from the American Medical College, St. Louis in 1875; began practice at Osage, la., the same year. In 1882 he went to Atchison County, Mo., where he fol- lowed his profession till 1898, when ica at the age of six. After six years spent in the east his family came west and finally located in St. Joseph. He learned the shoemaking trade with Ernest Wenz, and was eight years in the employ of Fred Wenz. He en- gaged in business in Oct., 1880, and has been successful. In 1876 he mar- ried Miss Mary S. Bode. DR. J. M. HAMBLIN. he came to St. Joseph. He was pen- sion examiner in Atchison County during bo\h administrations of Presi- dent Cleveland. Dr. Hamblin has been highly successful. He was married in Rock Port, Mo., April, 27, 1889 to Miss Jessie R. Folliart and they have one child, a boy. JOHN C. SCHMIDT, manufact- urer of boots and shoes, was bom in Saxony, Germany, and came to Amer- LEWIS F. PEARSON, dealer in feed, 826 S. Sixth, is a native of Cass County, Md., where he was born April 9, 1846. After leaving home he lived in different parts of the west till 1897, when he came to St. Joseph and went into business. For eight years Mr. Pearson was Indian agent at the Pottowatomie and Great Nemaha agency in Jackson County, Kansas, having been appointed during the ad- ministration of President Cleveland. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 431 SAMUEL S. ALLEN, St. Joseph's seph, but elsewhere in the West. Mr. leading retail grocer, is a native of Allen was married January i, 1861, in Mumfordsville, Ky., born January 24, St. Joseph, to Miss Eveline Dillon, a 1835. His father, Samuel S. Allen, native of Ohio. Politically Mr. Allen also, was a pioneer hotelkeeper in St. is affiliated with the Prohibitionist Joseph. His mother's maiden name party, and has several times been hon- was Sarah Amus. Both of Mr. Allen's ored with nominations for office, SAMUEL S. ALLEN. parents were native Kentuckians. Our subject attended school at Brunswick, Mo., and came to St. Joseph on Nov. 10, 1854. From 1856 to 1878 Mr. Allen was 3 pilot on steamboats plying the Missouri River. For the past twenty- one years he has been in the grocery business in St. Joseph and has estab- lished and maintained a standard that is held in esteem not only in St. Jo- though he never made any efforts to be elected. The only office he ever held was that of deputy sheriff, under Samuel Ensworth, in 1862. He is a progressive business man and believes in advertising; his name and business are known to more people in St. Jo- seph than perhaps any other. Mr. and Mrs. Allen occupy a beautiful home at the corner of Ninth and Charles streets. 432 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. BENJAMIN J. CASTEEL, Judge of the Buchanan County Criminal Court, was born in Sevier County, Arkansas, October 14, 1851. His father, B. J. Casteel, was a native of Monroe County, Tenn., and a lawyer. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth McKenzie,was also of Mon- roe County, Tenn. Our subject was educated in private schools and grad- Judge Romulus E. Culver. Judge Casteel was married March 15, 1876, to a daughter of James and Mary Gib- bany of Osborn. Seven children were born into this union, five of whom are living. Politically Judge Casteel is a Democrat and is a leaaer in the party. In religion he is a Methodist and a member of the Francis .Street M. E. Church, South. BENJ. J. CASTEEL. uated from Hiawassee College, Ten- nessee in 1869. In 1872 he came to Osborn, DeKalb County, Mo., with his mother, and there began the prac- tice of law. He was prosecuting at- torney of DeKalb County for two terms and in 1881 cauie to St. Joseph, where he built up a large practice, and took rank with the first lawyers. In the spring of 1897 he was appoint- ed City Counselor, which position hi held until April 18, 1899, when he was appointed judge of the Criminal Court, to fill the vacancy caused by GEORGE W. RUSCO, carpenter and builder, is a native of New York state, born September 3, 1833. At the age of 18 he went to Wisconsin, where he learned his trade, and, in 1864 came to St. Joseph. He was always a leader in his line and many elegant and sub- stantial residences and business houses in this neighborhood stand to his credit. He was married in Wiscon- sin to Miss M. F. Saunders, also a native of New York. They had foiir children — Charles, Alice, Elmer and Lydia. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 433 BINJAMIN R. VINEYARD, at- torniv-at-law, was born July 31, 1842, on tte Platte Purchase. He was rais- ed on\a farm and educated at Pleasant Ridgd and William Jewell Colleges. He tateht in the public schools of St. Joseph! studied law, was admitted to the ba\ in 1866, and has practiced with rWarkable success in St. Joseph ^ver since. He was at one time City Counselor, in 1877 and 1878. He has been a member of the school business. Mr. Hornkohl was married Jan. 10, 187s to Miss Alice Jenni, a native of Switzerland and three daugh- ters and a son have been born to them. EDWARD C. GOULD, of Gould's Private School for Boys, was born in Boston in 1850; graduated from the Boston Latin School in 1867,' from Williams College, B. A., in 1870, M. A. in 1873. Since 1870 he has been BENJ. R. VINEYARD. board since 1895. He was married May 19, 1868, to Miss Emma Hoag- land, and they have three children. Mr. Vineyard is a Democrat. FRED HORNKOHL, dealer in real estate, 715 Edmond, was born in Germany, Jan. 10, i8S3- He attended school there, and in 1867 came to America with his parents, locating in St. Joseph. He engaged in bookkeep- ing and has been connected with some of St. Joseph's largest business houses. He is now engaged in the real estate continuously engaged in the profes- sion of teaching, with the exception of" a year's continental trip, for the sake of French and German conversa- tional practice. He came to St. Jo- seph in 1889, from which time his school has shared with the high school and business colleges the patronage of our best people. While Mr. Gould's vocation is teaching, his avocation ap- pears to be music, since he comes of a musical ancestry, and plays the piano and pipe-organ as well. 434 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. THOMAS W. HARL, lawyer, was born in Virginia, Feb. 26, 1845. He attended school in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and when the civil war broke out he enlisted in Company A, 4th Ohio In- fantry, serving till Sept. 13, 1865. He came west and for a time was located in Kansas. He came to St. Joseph in 1879 and has followed the practice of law, enjoying a large business. He is especially successful as a criminal law- yer, having won many very difficult JOHN BRODER, Chief of Police, was born in Middleburg, Vermont, July 14, 1830, and is of Irish dtscent. After leaving home, early in life, Mr. Broder worked as a farm Nhand near Boston for some years, and tlen be- came a pioneer railroad builder, work- ing in Ohio, Mississippi, Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas and Texas, holding high and responsible posi- tions, both in construction and oper- ation. He was counted among the THOMAS W. HARL. cases. His office is in the German American Bank Building. WILLIAM B, HELSLEY, con- tractor and paver, was born in Illi- nois, Oct. 27, 1861, and came to St. Joseph in 1865 with his father, the late Phil Helsley, one of the best known men in St. Joseph. Our subject en- gaged in the contracting business with his. father and brothers, and has done much road building and paving in Buchanan County. He was married in California in 1894, to Miss Rose Schoen, and they live at 2617 Dela- ware street. foremost railroad men in his day. He laid the first track in Kansas, begin- ning opposite St. Joseph and running to Wathena, and superintended the construction of the Central Branch, from Atchison to Waterville. In 1874- 76 he was city marshal of St. Joseph, after which he engaged in lead mining near Joplin. In 1884-86 he was dep- uty sheriff under John H. Carey. In the spring of 1886 he was appointed chief of police, which position he has filled continuously, with distinction, and to the satisfaction of the people, ever since. He was married to Miss Florence C. Cole, September 15, 1869. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 435 ROMULUS E. CULVER, ex- judge of the Buchanan County Crim- inal Conrt and recently appointed City Counselor, is a native Missourian, born at\ Plattsburg, Clinton County, January \i2, 1865. He is the son of William land Augusta (McMichael) Culver, His father being a native of Kentucky, while his mother was born at Plattsb\irg. Our subject was edu- cated at Cetitral College, Fayette, IMo., won a high place in tne esteem of the people as a judge, the place was dis- tasteful to him. On April 17, 1899 he accepted the appointment of Mayor Kirschner to the office of City Coun- selor and resigned from the bench. Since coming to St. Joseph Judge Culver has taken an active part in pol- itics and he is counted as one of the first men in the Democratic party. He was married in April, 1897 to Miss ROMULUS E. CULVER. and at Vanderbilt University, Nash- ville, Tenn., graduating in the class of 1888. In January of 1889 he came to St. Joseph and began to practive law, taking a high rank in the profession from the start. He was elected pro's- ecuting attorney in November of 1892, and served one term. In 189S he was appointed judge of the Criminal Court to succeed the late Judge Silas Wood- son, who had retired, and in Novem- ber of 1896 was elected to the full term of that office. Though he had Sara Judson, daughter Winslow Judson. of the late JOHN T. ALLISON, financial agent and broker, iiJ South Seventh street, was born in Andrew County, Mo., his parents being Hood and Sarah (Faulkner) Allison, both na- tives of Kentucky. He came to St. Joseph in 1889 and i:mbarked in the business he now follows and in which he has prospered. 436 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. JAMES HOWELL ROSS, one of the most successful dentists in St. Joseph, is a native Missourian, born at Stanberry, May lo, 1864. His father, John A. Ross, a banker, was born at Cape Brittain. His mother, whose maiden name was Martha How- ell, was born in Albany, Mo. Dr. Ross graduated from the Normal LOUIS HAX was one of the pio- neer manufacturers of St. Joseph. He was born in Hesge-Darmstadt, Ger- many, April 18, 1829; came tc Amer- ica at the age of fourteen and to St. Joseph in 1858. Having learned the cabinet maker's trade he opened a shop and by thrift, industry and mar- velous business tact, became a grent DR. JAMES H. ROSS. School at Stanberry and then took up the study of dentistry and attended the Pennsylvania Dental College. In 1892 Dr. Ross ckme to St. Joseph and lo- cated in the Ballinger building, at Sev- enth and Edmond streets. His skill and success have brought him into fa- vor with the public, and he is counted as one of the leading dentists of St. Joseph. Politically, Dr. Ross is a Democrat, and in matters of religion a Baptist. manufacturer and dealer. He was identified with other business ventures also, having been a partner in the Schuster-Hax Bank and president of the Central Savings Bank at the time of his death, on Christmas morning, 1898. He was married to Mrs. Louisa Gartner in 1857, who died some years ago. Their survivors are Louis W. Hax, Mrs. Bertha Foreman, Mrs. H. A. Smith, Mrs. E. B. Chapman and Mrs. E. C. Hartwig. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 437 \ WILLIAM B. NORRIS, attorney THOMAS H. B. BURNS was at law, Hushes building, was born at born in Andrew County, Mo., Sept. ii, Baltimore, jnd is the son of Rev. 1840, and has been a resident of An- Richard No^ris, a Methodist minister, drew and Buchanan Counties all his born at Richmond, Va. His mother, life. In 1861 he went into the Con- maiden name Baker, was born at Bal- timore. Mr. Norris was educated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., and at Columbian University, Washing- ton, D. C. Adopting the legal profes- federate army and was with General Sterling Price. Was deputy sheriff under Sheriffs Thomas, Carey, Spratt and Hull. He married Miss Phesom J. Peters at Graham, Mo., Oct. 9, 1862. WILLIAM B. NORRIS. sion, he began to practice at Wash- ington, where he remained until 1887, when he located in St. Joseph. In 1889 he was married to Miss Gertrude Houck, who has borne him two chil- dren, a boy and a girl. Politically, Mr. Norris is a Democrat. During 1894- 96 he was assistant prosecuting attor- ney, under Romulus E. Culver. In 1896 he was elected prosecuting at- torney and served one term with credit and distinction. Upon retiring from office he engaged in the practice of his profession, and has achieved high success. WILLIAM W. CARSON, patrol- man, was born in Buchanan County, Oct. 12, 1859, the son of William and Louisa (Dysart) Carson, both born in Kentucky. Mr. Carson attended the Christian Brothers' College. He was married March 23, 1881 to Miss Mary Bell, daughter of John R. and Mary Bell, and into this union . eight chil- dren were born: W. R., age 16, be- ing the oldest of three boys, and Mary, aged 8 months, being the youngest of five girls. Mr. Carson has been on the police force since July 16, 1896. 438 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. LAWRENCE J. STUPPY, florist, was born at St. Genevieve, Mo., Sept. S, 1849, and is the son of the late Fran- cis X. and Mary A. (Kohler) Stuppy. He came to St. Joseph in 1850, attend- ed the public schools and St. Bene- dict's College, Atchison. He learned the drug business, remaining in that line until 1875, when he engaged in the florist business, which has since grown to large proportions under his man- agement. Was married in May, 1876, EUGENE C. ZIMMERMAN, law- yer, is a native of Frederick City, Md. He was educated at Heidleburg Col- lege and came to St. Joseph in 1859, where he read law in the office of the late Judge I. C. Parker. After a time spent in Colorado mines, he returned ' to St. Joseph and invested in real estate, building a number of houses and buying and selling property. He was married to Miss Ada Hawley in 1868. I^AWRBNCE J. STUPPY. to Miss Annie E. Schiesl, and they have had six children, all living except Lawrence J., Jr., the youngest. JAMES B. MEEK, real estate and loan agent, was born at Flag Springs, Andrew County, Mo., Dec. 24, 1862, and came to St. Joseph, Sept. i, 1888. He was educated in the common schools and has been a commercial traveler, wood and coal dealer, and real estate and loaff agent. Was mar- ried June s, 1890 to Miss Laura B. Payne of this city and they have one child, Thomas Clinton, born Aug. 4, "1894. ISAAC T. DYER, Jr., superintend- ent of telegraph and chief train dis- patcher of the Kansas City, St. Jo- seph & Council Bluffs railroad, was born in La Grange, Mo., August 17, i860, and educated at Quincy, Can- ton, Mo., and Chicago; learned teleg- raphy and at sixteen years was station agent at Helton, Mo.; subsequently was in charge of the Kansas City of- fice of the Western Union Telegraph Company; came to St. Joseph in 1878, and was chief dispatcher when pro- moted in 1889. Mr. Dyer served as a member of the St. Joseph school board for two years. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 439 RODERICK MONROE ABER- CROMBIE, secretary and manager of the Abercrombie Stone Company, was born in New York City, Jan. 14, 1856, the son of James Abercrombie. He attended school in New York City, Holbrook, L. I., Montreal, St. Joseph, and Breckenridge, Mo. He came to Missouri in 1866 and lived at Brecke'n- ridge till 1878, when he removed to St. Joseph, going into the stone-cut- ting business with his father. He was for four years a member of the St. Jo- jeweler and watchmaker in St. Joseph. His mother was Mary Flint Baldwin, born in Maryland. Our subject at- tended school in St. Joseph, learned the trade from his father, subsequent- ly attended the St. Louis Watchmak- ing School and began practical oper- ations in St. Joseph in 1874. Alter doing business at Severance and Hia- watha he again located in St. Joseph in 1888. He was married first to Fan- nie E. Sawyer of this city in 1882, and next to Nellie E. Davis, also of this R. M. ABERCROMBIE. seph city council; was appointed a member of the State Board of Chari- ties for the second time in January, 1899. Mr. Abercrombie is a promi- nent Odd Fellow and has held every office in the order, including grand master of the Grand Lodge of Mis- souri. He married Miss Rosaline M. Bailey of Breckenridge, and they have five children. CHARLES F. BALDWIN, jewel- er, 2008 St. Joseph avenue, was born in St. Joseph in i860, the son of Chas. Edwin Baldwin of Ohio, the first city in 1897. He has two children, Evelyn and AUie Lee, aged 15 and 10 respectively. JOSEPHUS BURKE, contractor and builder, was born June 8, 1839, in King William County, Va. He re- ceived his education in the common schools and came to St. Joseph in 1867, where he began contracting and building, in which business he is still engaged. Mr. Burke was married in Richmond, Va., Dec. 4, i860, to Miss Mollie Elmon of that city and six chil- dren were born to them, only two of whom survive. 440 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. GERARD V. KOCH, druggist, 1807 Frederick avenue, was born at Clinton, East Feleciana parish, Louis- iana, July 22, 1871. His father, Ger- ard Koch, a carriage maker, and his mother, maiden name Elizabeth Hahn, were both born in Germany. Mr. Koch was educated at Silliman Insti- tute, Louisana, St. Benedict's College, Atchison, Northwestern University, local alderman from the Fourth Ward by the largest majority given a Dem- ocrat and in April of 1899 was re-elect- ed. He was honored with the presi- dency of the common council on April 17) 1899, which position he now dis- charges with marked ability. HENRY VOSS, dealer in wall pa- per, window shades, manufacturer of GERARD V. KOCH. Chicago and the Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago. He came to St. Joseph first in 1887 and after finish- ing his studies opened a drug store. His thorough knowledge of that pro- fession and his business qualifications have brought him the confidence of the people and he has been highly suc- cessful. Politically Mr. Koch is a Democrat and takes active interest in politics. In 1897 he was elected as mattresses, etc., was born at Penne- berg, Holstein, August 9, 1831, where he was reared and learned upholster- iifg. He came to New York in 1854, and then worked in Cincinnati and New Orleans, coming to St. Joseph in 1855. He established his present business in 1862. He married Kath- rina Ketzel in Nebraska City, Nov. 22, 1863, who has borne him seven chil- dren. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 441 JAMES A. GIBSON, public ad- ministrator of Buchanan county, was born in Buchanan county, April 17, 1866. His grandfather came to Bu- chanan county in 1837. Our subject came to St. Joseph in 1874; attended public school, business college; was five years a letter carrier and clerk in the postoffice; then he studied law and sion in his native city. He came west in 1855, locating for a time at Chi- cago, and then at Elgin, 111. He came to St. Joseph in 1865, where he has practiced his profession since. He was a member of the City Council at one time and was also a director of the St. Joseph Bridge Company. He was married in 1857 to Miss Mary 1 I i k '\ 1 \ Ik'S^ * \ 1 1 I k H^^fl^H 1 B jMml^P'^^ h ^ J *fc*i«. ■',^^ ^ ■1. JAMES A. GIBSON. was admitted to the bar. In 1896 was elected public administrator on the Democratic ticket. Is a member of A. O. U. W., I. O. O. R, Modern Woodmen, and Royal Court. Was married November 2, 1888, to Miss Lucy Gabbert; they had three child- ren, one of whom James Edwin, died, February 7, 1899. DR. C. J. KESSLER, dentist, was born in Easton, Pa., Feb. 9, 1835. Hg was educated and learned his profes- Fritz.of New Jersey, and Dr. Samuel F. Kessler of St. Joseph is their son. JAMES WHISMAN, upholsterer, was born in Springfield, 111., June 24, 1864, and attended school in that city. He learned the upholsterer's trade and went to Kansas, where he was mar- ried in 1889 to Miss Mary Myers, at Junction City. He came to St. Joseph in 18992 and has followed his calling in this city since. 442 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CAPTAIN JACOB SHEAFE CASEY, known to all his friends as Sheafe Casey, is one of St. Joseph's enterprising young business men, be- ing interested with his brother George F. Casey in the agency for The Foun- tain Bath Brush, which they have for the entire Southwest. Their main office is No. 47 Ballinger Building, for services in these wars. His father, the Hon. Samuel L. Casey, was born at Morganfield, Ky,, the county seat of Union County, February 18, 1821; While a very young man he became interested in the development of the natural resources of the country; he discovered the Tradewater Coal Field, and was associated with Col. John CAPT. J. S. CASEY. with sub-agencies in the principal towns in this territory. He resides at No. 823 Charles street. He was born at Bradford, Pa., and comes of good old American stock. His father's an- cestors were Scotch-Irish, who settled in Virginia at an early date. They took a prominent part in the Indian and Revolutionary wars and later set- tled in what is now Union County, Ky., founding the town of Caseyville, upon land taken up on warrants issued Bell of Tennessee and President Tyler in their development. He made trips to Virginia and Pennsylvania on horseback to study the methods of mining coal. He erected the first en- gine for hoisting coal from the mines that was used west of the Allegheny mountains. He also took the first fleet of coal barges down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers that was taken down with a steamboat. He also rep- resented the First Kentucky Congres- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 443 sional District in the Thirty-seventh Congress, during the stormy times of 1862-63. Since then he has been iden- tified with mining and railroad enter- prises and now resides with his sons in St. Joseph. The Captain's mother was Miss Mary Quincy Sheafe of Portsmouth, N. H. The Sheafe fam- ily came to this country from Shef- field, England, settling in Boston in 1638. The captain represents the 9th generation in this country. Captain Casey's early life was spent with his parents in Kentucky. At the age of fifteen he commenced to attend the public schools of Pottsville, Pa. ' Al- though prior to this he had received only such instructions as could be given at home, yet at the end of two and one-half years he was within one year of graduation from the High School. He then entered Antioch College at Yellow Springs, O., re- maining there two years. From there be went to the Ohio State University at Columbus, O., which he attended for about two and one-half years, though not continuously, pursuing en- gineering studies and supporting him- self almost entirely the meanwhik. He was finally forced by ill health, brought on by overwork, and by lack of means, to abandon school life alto- gether. After this he was engaged for a number of years in mechanical en- gineering. He first came to St. Jo- seph in the year 1889 and was em- ployed in the installation of the elec- tric railways. He was then employed for a short time in ihe county sur- veyor's office, which he left to accept a position under the government on the survey of the Missouri River. On the completion of tnis work he be- came interested in mining enterprises in the Joplin district for several years, after which he returned to St. Joseph. Captain Casey's military services com- menced in May, 1891, when he en- listed in Company G, Second Regi- ment, National Guard of Missouri. He was an energetic and enthusiastic member of the National Guard, par- ticipating in and bearing his share of its troubles. It was mainly due to his untiring efforts that the company was kept from disbanding on several oc- casions. He gradually rose until he resigned a first lieutenant's commis- sion in 1896. A short time before the breaking out of hostilities between the United States and Spain, forseeing that war was inevitable, he began to raise a company in St. Joseph. He was mustered into the state service, as captain, with his company, April 27, 1898, which then became Company G. Fourth Regiment, N. G. M. He serv- ed through the Spanish-American war with his regiment as captain of this company with credit to himself and his regiment, and by his discipline and soldierly qualities contributed his share toward bringing the regiment to that high state of perfection which made it famous throughout the army. SOLOMON L. LEONARD, a pioneer judge of the circuit in which Buchanan County was located, was born in Ohio in 181 1 and was one of the early settlers in the Platte County. He was first a school teacher and then a lawyer and farmer in Platte County. In 1843 the state of Missouri was en- titled to 500,000 acres of public land, and our subject was one of the com- missioners to select this land. Subse- quently he located in Buchanan Coun- ty, a few miles east of St. Joseph. In 184s he was appointed judge of the circuit court upon the resignation of Henderson Young, and served until 1852. He then formed a law partner- ship with Bela M. Hughes. In Octo- ber of l86r he was drowned near Fort Gibson, I. T., while journeying on horse-back to Texas. 444 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CAPT. N. THORWALD SOM- MER, horticulturist, is a son of Al- derman Niels P. Sommer of the Eighth Ward, and was born in St. Jo- seph May 31, 1877. He attended the public schools of the city, going through the first grade of the Neely School. His father being a fruit-raiser, the son engaged in business with him. Company K was promoted to the rank of major Lieutenant Sommer was made captain, and served in that ca- pacity during the entire service of the regiment, which continued until Feb- ruary 10, 1899. His first station, after leaving Jefferson Barracks, was at Camp Alger, near Washington, where the greater part of the summer of 1898 CAPTAIN THORWALD SOMMER. He became a member of Company K, was passed, anxiously waiting for or- Fourth Regiment, and showed such ders to go to the front; later this reg- aptitude for the military profession iment was sent to Camp Meade, Pa., that he was made first lieutenant, and and thence into winter quarters at when the war was declared between Greenville, South Carolina. It was the United States and Spain in 1898 mustered out February loth, 1899. he volunteered with his company to Captain Sommer proved himself a .go to the front. The regiment was highly efficient oficer, and his com- mobilized at Jefferson Barracks-, and pany was rated as one of the best in when Captain C. C. Macdonald of the crack Fourth Missouri Regiment. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 445 LIEUT. VICTOR C. SOMMER was among the first who answered the call for volunteers to aid in liberating Cuba from Spanish tyranny, and from the opening of the war till the muster- out of his regiment he was on duty, ready to respond to orders. Lieuten- ant Sommer was born in St. Joseph March i, 1875, of Danish parents, his tenantcy of Company I, Captain Charles F. Keller, on May 8, 1898. He was constantly with his company in their camps at Jefferson Barracks, where the regiment was mobilized, at Camp Alger, Va., Camp Meade, Pa., and at Greenville, S. C, where the men were finally mustered out, Feb. 10, i8gg. While Lieutenant Sommer, in LIEUT. "VICTOR SOMMER. fathers, Niels P. Sommer, being a well-known nurseryman and now a member of the St. Joseph city coun- cil. Our subject was educated in the St. Joseph public schools and for sev- eral years was in the nursery business with his father and brother. He en- listed in Company K, Fourth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, on April 22, 1898, and was promoted to the second lieu- common with his men, saw no ac- tual service at the front, it was no fault of theirs. They enlisted to fight and chafed because they were forced to lie in camp while others were gain- ing victories over the Spaniards. Lieu- tenant Sommer was a model officer and acquitted himself most creditably all through his service. ^' 446 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. GEORGE DIXON BERRY, pur- chasing agent and secretary to the General Manager of the St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway Company, was born in Texas, January 28, 1866 and is the son of George Dixon Berry, M. D. He learned telegraphy and steno- graphy and worked for the Burlington Company for a number of years. In 188s he was appointed stenographer to the General Manager of the St. Jo- seph & Grand Island company and has he was elected to the city council and served two years. On January 21, 1884 he was married to Miss Rose Blumenau, a native of Detroit, Mich., and they have one son, Leroy, aged fourteen years. WILLIS A. GRAHAM, foreman of the Herald composing room, was born at Milroy, Mifflin County, Pa., October 28, 1856, and is the son of James S. and Savina (Swanger) GEORGE DIXON BERRY. held that position without interrup- tion, though there have been five gen- eral managers since tlien. He was married April 16, 1890, to Miss Annie M. Roberts, daughter of Thomas C. Roberts of this city. THOMAS R. BRETZ, clothing salesman, is a native of Buchanan County, born on a farm May I, 1855. His parents were from Pennsylvania. Mr. Bretz attended the country schools and then came to St. Joseph and engaged in the clothing business, which, he has since followed. In 1892 Graham. The family moved to Milan, Mo., in 1866, and our sjubject attend- ed the common schools there and fin- ished at the Kirksville Normal. He then learned the printer's trade and after working at various places, locat- ed in St. Joseph, May 12, 1884. He was married at Linneus, Mo., May 4, 1879 to Miss Nannie Smith, a native of Findlay, Ohio, born June 23, i860. They have two children living — Leroy B., aged 19, and Mable S., aged 17 — and one dead, Guy D. Mr. Graham is a Republican, but takes no active interest in politics. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 447 ALBERT E. MARTIN, attorney, First National Bank building, was born in Illinois, August 12, 1865, the son of Charles A. Martin, a native of Berlin, Prussia, and a farmer. His mother's maiden name was Mary S. Wright, born in Kentucky. Our sub- ject was educated in ihe public schools married in Clay County to Miss Ollie J. Froman, born in Clinton Counuty June 18, 1865. JOHN T. BRADY, wholesale feed, was born in Lincoln County, Ky., the son of John and Mary Ann (Buch- anan) Brady, farmers, came to Buch- ALBERT E. MARTIN. and at Plattsburg (Clinton County) College, graduating in 1886. He then took up the study of law, reading with Mr. E. C. Hall at Plattsburg, and be- gan to practice his profession there in 1894. Mr. Martin is a Democrat and as such was elected public administra- tor of Clinton County, which office he held from 1888 to 1894. In 1895 he lo- cated in St. Joseph, and has been un- usualy successful in building up his practice. In August of 1888 he was anan County in 1851, with parents; received but little schooling, and prac- tically educated himself; came to St. Joseph in 1851, and has been engaged in hardware and feed business. In 1864 in St. Joseph, he married Ma- linda Terhune, born in Fleming Coun- ty, Ky., daughter of William and Mary Terhune. Seven children were born to Mrs. Brady, the following of whom are alive: James A., Julie C. and Joseph Wyatt. 448 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. A. C. HINCKLEY, master me- chanic of the St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway Company, was born in Oswego, N. Y., Sept. ii, 1854. He left home at the age of fifteen, learned the machinist's trade at Aurora, "111., and then became a locomotive engi- neer. After running on the Union Pacific for a time he was made coal inspector and then master mechanic of the Wyoming division, with head- an County, and engaged in farming and dealing in real estate. He married Miss Martha Kibler in Caldwell Coun- ty, and the couple have seven children, all living. Mr. Pollard is a Demo- crat. JOHN H. KELLY, grocer, 1128 S. Eleventh street, was born in Mont- gomery County, Va., Oct. 7, 1842. He is the son of Madison and Catherine A. C. HINCKLEY. quarters at Salt Lake, which he held until he came to St. Joseph. Mr. Hinckleywas married at Rochelle, III., March 12, 1879, to Miss Frances May Porter, who bore him four children, all of whom but one are living. Mr. Hinckley is a member of the St. Jo- seph school board. WILLIAM J. POLLARD, farmer, was born in Jefferson County, Tenn., in 1838. Stephen W. and Mary (Mount) Pollard, his parents, were na- tives of East Tennessee. In 1850 Mr. Pollard came to Missouri, locating in Caldwell County, where he remained till 1881, when he removed to Buchan- Kelly, both of Virginia; his father was a blacksmith. Mr. Kelly was educat- ed in the public schools; came to New Albany, Mo. in 1866 and to St. Joseph in 1881; has been in his present loca- tion for fifteen years. Was married in Gentry County, Mo. in December, 1868 to Lucretia Smith, born in Ken- tucky, 1849; they have two daughters, Mattie C. and Maggie E. Mr. Kelly served four years in the Confederate army, a member of Company D, 4Sth Virginia and was a prisoner at Fort Delaware at the close of the war. He was elected as a Democrat to the city council April 8, 1898. He is a mem- ber of the M. E. Church, South. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 449 GEORGE J. BEGOLE, undertaker and embalmer, who has been with D. E. Heaton since April, 1896, is a na- tive of New York State, born in Steu- ben county, Sept. 28, 1864. He is the son of James and Louisa J. (Kings- ley) Be Gole, both natives of New York. He is a nephew of ex-Gover- nor J.- W. Be Gole of Michigan. Early cially proficient as an embalmer. Mr. Be Gole was married Nov. 24, 1891, at Fort Wayne, Ind., to Miss Blanche B. Henry, a native of that place, born in 1868. JONATHAN MILES BASSETT, for many years a distinguished citizen of St. Joseph and a lawyer of ability, GEORGE J. BEGOLE. in his life the family moved to Ypsi- lanti, Mich., where our subject was ed- ucated, finishing at the State Normal School. For twelve years he was en- gaged in the manufacture of undertak- ing materials at Owasso and Belding, Mich., and for five years was superin- tendent and manager of the Miller Casket Company, located at Belding. In June, 1893, he located in St. Jo- seph and was soon recognized as a leader in his line of work, being espe- was born at New Haven, Conn., Feb- ruary 17, 1817; was admitted to the bar at Springfield, 111., by Judge Stephen A. Dougla*; moved to Platts- burg, Clinton County, in 1844, and shortly afterwards to St. Joseph; was circuit attorney four years; was mayor of St. Joseph in 1855; was a strong Union man, and was for several years provost marshal of the district includ- ing St. Joseph. He died suddenly in 1871. 450 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JOSEPH ANDRIANO was born in Heidelberg, Baden, Germany, Oc- tober IS, 1841. His great grandfather was Count Andriano, an Italian, who went to Germany and engaged in the manufacture of porcelain, and was enobled for his success. Albert An- driano, the father of Joseph, was a native of Manheim, Baden, and was city council. He died in September, 1885, aged seventy-three years. His wife was Elizabeth Meyer, born in Dantzic, Germany, and died in 1877, leaving two children, Joseph and Lena, now Mrs. Dr. Hildebrand, of San Francisco. At twenty years Jo- seph Andriano entered the employ of Koch & Borngesser, wholesale gro- JOSBPH ANDRIANO. engaged in business at Frankfort. He took a prominent part in the revolu- tion of 1848, and had to flee the coun- try. He came with his family to St. Louis, where they resided until the spring of 1850, when they removed to St. Joseph. He first kept a hotel and then engaged in the manufacture of soda water. He was an active Union man during the war, ivas a Republican, and at one time was president of the cers. During the war he served in the militia, first under Captain Loving, and then under Captain Hartwig, suc- ceeding to the command when Cap- tain Hartwig was promoted. After the war he purchased his father's bus- iness, later forming a partnership with Louis Fuelling, to whom he sold out in 1871. He was married in 1869, at. Chicago, to Isabella, daughter of Wil- liam H. Young, who had been a BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 451 freighter across the plains at an earlier period. Going to Chicago in 1871 he engaged with his father-in-law in the omnibus business. They were crip- pled by the great fire, but started again and continued until the panic of i873> when Mr. Andriano returned to St. Joseph, where he was made chief clerk of the stamp and registry de- partment of the postoffice under Capt. F. M. Posegate. In 1880 he was elect- ed city collector and served four years. Later he undertook the management of the St. Joseph Brewery, continuing until 1886, when he was elected sheriff on the Republican ticket. His contest with John H. Carey for this office and his final triumph, are fully related in a previous chapter. He was a candi- date for re-election in 1888, but was defeated. In i8go he defeated for the office of county treasurer, John H. Carey, his opponent in 1886. This office he held until January, 1893 and declined the nomination for re-elec- tion. In i8g8 he was a candidate for sheriff, but was defeated by James Hull. He has been for some years en- gaged in his old business of manu- facturing soda water. Two children were born into his family, William A., who died in infancy, and Grace, who was educated at the Ursaline Con- vent, St. Louis, and who is now Mrs. James D. Martin, of this city. GEORGE P. ROWE, attorney at law, is a native of Maryland and was educated at Gettysburg, Pa. Came to St. Joseph in 1884 and began the prac- tice of law in 1885. He was elected city attorney in 1888 and held the office two terms. Mr. Rowe is a Democrat and takes an active part in politics. ALEX T. WHELAN, hardware merchant, loth and Lafayette streets, is a native of St. Joseph, born Nov. 25, 1867. His parents were Jeremiah and Mary (Knight) Whelan, both natives of Ireland. He attended the Christian Brothers' College, after which he en- gaged in his present business, that of a hardware merchant. GEORGE F. BARNES, superin- tendent of circulation of the St. Jo- seph Herald, was born in Philadelphia June 27, 1858. He received his educa- tion in the public schools and Broth- GEORGE F. BARNES. ers' College of Philadelphia. Lived in Indianapolis some years and came to St. Joseph in 1888, where he has been engaged as commercial traveler and traveling auditor for a life insur- ance company. Is now a director in "The National Association of Man- agers of Circulation." He was mar- ried at Oregon, Mo., December 24, 1890, to Miss Theresa Spoerle of that place. 452 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JOHN DONOVAN, JR., one of the most progressive citizens of St. Joseph, grew to manhood in this city. His early business trainingwas obtain- ed in the State Bank. He was One of the organizers and the first president of the German-American Bank, and grocery business. Was married to Miss Eliza M. Robertson (born in Boone County, Mo.) in 1870, in An- drew County, Mo., of which union there are three daughters. Mr. Card- well is an Odd Fellow, a member of the Christian church and a Republican. JOHN DONOVAN. was the promoter of the Stockyards and the vast interests that have grown up in South St. Joseph. Mr. Dono- van was a member of the first board of police commissioners appointed in St. Joseph, and served on that body five years. WILLIAM CARDWELL was born April 28, 1849, in Mahaska Coun- ty, Iowa, and was educated in the pub- lic schools. Came to St. Joseph in 1880, and has been engaged in the WILLIAM S. MISSEMER, mer- chant, born May 30, 1850, in Lebanon County, Pa.; went to Dayton, Ohio in i860 and came to Buchanan County in 1864, locating at Easton. He at- tended the common schools and is by profession a mechanical engineer. Married Miss J. L. Light at Easton and they have had two boys, one of whom, John M., is twenty years old. The other child died at five years of age. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 453 JAMES MORAN, lawyer, 424 Francis street, was born in Sharon Valley, Conn., in 1850, and came to Missouri when quite young, his family locating at Maryville. Mr. Moran read law, and in 1874 was admitted to the bar. He has been especially sucessful in criminal cases. He was elected on the Republican ticket in 1896 to repre- becca Beck, born at Georgetown, Md. Mr. Hudson enlisted April 19, 1861, in Co. C, 5th Ohio, and served three years. Was a prisoner at Belle Island three months and escaped. He came to St. Joseph in December, 1869 and engaged in the saloon business. Re- tiring from business he spent some years in California and then returned JAMBS MORAN. sent Buchanan County in the legisla- ture, and was a prominent member of that body. THOMAS HUDSON, proprietor of restaurant and bar at 617 Edmond street, was born at Lebanon, O., De- cember 14, 1842. His father, Matthew T. Hudson, born at Cincinnati, was a> mine owner and dealer in hardware. His mother's maiden name was Re- to St. Joseph. Was married at Quincy in -April, 1868 to Mary S. Sides of that city, who died in 1881, leaving a daughter, Blanche, now Mrs. Frank Garrett, Council Bluffs. In January, 1882, married Lavania, daughter of E. O. Sayle, who was born in Platte County, 1856. Of this union there are two children, a daughter and a 454 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. DANIEL MORTON, physi- cian and surgeon, was born at Russel- ville, Ky., and is the son of the late David Morton, D. D. of Louisville, Ky., an eminent member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, South. Our subject's mother was a native 'of Mary- land, her maiden name being Hannah W. Bottomley. Dr. Morton attended eral practice he has given especial thought and study to rectal surgery, and the diseases of children, and is regarded among physicians as es- pecially well qualified for this work. Before its publication the manuscript copy of'Gant's Text Book on Diseases of the Rectum was submitted to him for criticism. He is at present editor DR. DANIEL MORTON. Bethel College, at Russelville, and the high school at Louisville, and in 1887 graduated from the medical depart- ment of the University of Louisville. Subsequently he took a post graduate course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City. In the fall of 1888 Dr. Morton located at St. Joseph, where he has resided con- tinuously since, and where he has ac- quired a reputation and a lucrative practice. Although engaged in gen- of the rectal departments of the Medi- cal Herald and of the Medical Fort- nightly, and occupies the chairs of Rectal Surgery and of Diseases of Children in the Ensworth Medical College. He is a member of the St. Joseph Medical Society and the State Medical Society, attending physician at the Home for Little Wanderers, consulting physician at Memorial Home, assistant surgeon of the St. Jo- seph & Grand Island railroad. Poli- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 455 tically Dr. Morton is a Democrat and he was a member of the board of pen- sion examiners under President Cleve- land during the years 1893-97. Last January he was appointed county phy- sician by the county court, which posi- tion he now holds. He was married March 8, 1894, to Miss Fannie E. Johnson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. B. Johnson of St. Joseph. Two children, both boys, have come into this union. WILLIAM T. HARDING was born Oct. 28, 1848, on Third street, between Felix and Edmond, now the heart of the business district of St. Joseph. His parents, D. R. and Su- san (Kendall) Harding came to St. Joseph in 1843. Mr. Harding attend- ed school at Fourth and Edmond and Third and Jule streets; afterwards he learned the painter's trade. He mar- ried Miss Emma McKown, daughter of Jeremiah and Lucinda R. McKown. Mr. and Mrs. Harding have four chil- dren, two sons and two daughters, one of the daughters being the wife of Humane Officer Ziemendorff. JAMES E. GATES, contractor and builder, was born at Salem, Mass., May 26, 1855. He attended school and learned his trade in his native state, coming to St. Joseph in 1879, where he began the business he has since conducted smrcessfully. Mr. Gates was first married in St. Joseph. April 24, 1881 to Miss Emma Dickin- son, who died Jan. 9, 1894 and he was again married March 14, 1896 to Miss Gussie Brink. They occupy a beauti- ful home at 2019 North Third street. JOSEPH N. WALKER, lawyer and justice of the p<;ace in South St. Joseph, was born in Andrew county, Missouri, March 22, 1870. His father N. B. Walker, was for many years on the St. Joseph police force. Our sub- ject to St. Joseph in 1881 and after at- tending the public schools took a course at the Iowa Law School and was admitted to the bar Jan. 26, 1898. He located at South St. Joseph and was soon after appointed justice of the peace. He continues the general practice of the law and for the short time he has been in the growing su- burb he has met with gratifying suc- cess. Mr. Walker is an Odd Fellow and is unmarried. CHARLES S. JOHNSON, real es- tate agent, was born at New Salem, CHARLES S. JOHNSON. Pa., November 27, 1857, the son of Aaron and Anna (Loomis) Johnson; attended school at Hiawatha; came to St. Joseph in 1880 and opened a bakery; is a Republican and was su- perintendent of the city work house in 1890-94; January 15, 1880, married Mary G. Stadler of this city, who was born at New Albany, Ind. ; they have one child, a son. 456 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CHARLES WOOD FASSETT is an Indianian by birth, but came to St. Joseph with his parents soon after the war. He received his education in the St. Joseph public schools and served his apprenticeship under Captain Frank Posegate and Lon Hardman in the St. Joseph Steam Printing Com- the Medical Herald, a monthly period- ical second to none of its class in the country. In 1891 Mr. Fassett estab- lished The Medical Fortnightly, in St. Louis, a biweekly professional journal which met with much favor among the physicians- of the Mississippi valley. With a view to furnishing information CHARLES WOOD FASSETT. pany. In 1882 Mr. Fassett purchased the printing establishment owned J. H. McGuire, and for several years conducted a job business in the Opera House block, making a reputation for artistic printing. He was succeeded by Mr. Lon Harman, and shortly afterward turned his attention to med- ical publis-hing, assuming charge of to medical editors and .publishers the American Medical Journalist was es- tablished two years ago, Mr. Fassett being its editor and publisher. This magazine has already taken a promi- nent place in journalism. Mr. Fassett is secretary of the Association of American Medical Publishers, and a member of the Medical Press club of BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 457 the Mississippi valley. His time is spent chiefly in attendance upon the various state and national society meetings, in the study of medicine, and in procuring for his various publica- tions the very highest class of litera- ture obtainable. He makes his home in St. Joseph, although St. Louis claims a considerable portion of his time. In 1884 Mr. Fassett was mar- ried to Miss Minnie Cook, and they have one little daughter, Bonnie-Les- ley. GEORGE ALEXANDER TOL- SON, dealer in hardware, 2006 St. Jo- seph avenue, was born in Prince George County, Maryland, in 1852, the son of Dr. Alex H. Tolson and Helen B. (Tyler) Tolson. The family came to St. Joseph in 1859. Our subject was educated in St. Joseph and has lived here all his life, with the excep- tion of five years, 1882-87, which he spent at Fairfax, Mo., where he was in business and was also mayor. He was married in 1873 to Miss Lizzie M. Whitman of Buchanan County, daugh- ter of David and Mary Whitman. They have three daughters — Anna M. (Mrs. Vincent E. Burch of St. Jo- seph), Edna (Mrs. O. M. White of Kansas City), and Lela, at home. Mr. Tolson is a member of the Methodist Church, Knights of Pythias, Wood- men of the World and I. O. O. F. ELMER E. RUSCO, contractor and builder, 161 1 South Eleventh street, was born in Wisconsin, May 30, i860; came to St. Joseph in 1866, where he was educated; learned the carpenter trade, and then began tak- ing contracts. He was full of energy, and his strict integrity soon brought him all the business he could handle. Mr. Rusco was married Nov. 21, 1898, to Miss Mattie Fortune of St. Jo- seph. HERMAN M. GARLICHS, a pio- neer druggist and leading business man, was the son of German par- ents, his father, Dr. Frederick A. H. Garlichs, having been a graduate of Heidelberg. Our subject was born at Liberty, Clay county, Oct. 3, 1839, where his father practiced and was also in the drug business. After the failure of a venture in St. Louis Dr. , Garlichs and his family came to St. Joseph in 1857. In i860 our subject engaged in the drug business for him- self and rose to prominence and im- H. M. GARLICHS. portance in the community. In 1864 he married Miss Emma Minturn, who, with three children — Fred A. H., Alice and Hartley M., survives him. On Christmas day, 1898, while in conver- sation with several friends in the store, Mr. Garlichs was stricken with a hem- orrhage and expired before medical aid arrived. He had been a member of the state fish commission and a park commissioner for St. Joseph. He was an ardent Democrat and while he took active part in politics never sought or accepted reward. 458 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ISHMAEL DAVIS, treasurer of Buchanan county, was born in Rock House Prairie, Buchanan county, Feb- ruary 19, 1842. His parents were Ishmael and Nancy (.McDaniel) Da- vis. Mr. Davis attended the district schools and also a commercial school in St. Louis. He was raised a farmer and also has been engaged in the mill, 1876, to Miss Bettie G. Coates, a na- tive Shelbyville, Ky., and she has borne him a daughter, Jessie Pearl. EDWARD RAY BRANDOW, news dealer, 721 Edmond street, was born in St. Joseph, Feb. 11, 1869; his parents were Edward R. and Harriett (Prescott) Brandow. Mr. Brandow ISHMABD DAVIS. brickmaking and merchandising busi- ness. He is an ardent Democrat in politics and was city assessor in 1885- 86. In 1896 he "'as elected county treasurer for two years and was re- elected to succeed himself in Novem- ber of 1898, and is therefore now serv- ing his second term in this responsible office. Mr. Davis is a very careful, painstaking official and has the confi- dence and respect of the community. He was married in Platte City July 12, was educated in the public schools of St. Joseph, graduating from the High School. On June S, 1891 he was mar- ried to Miss Margaret Dalton and two children were born to them, Ger- trude A. and George O., both of whom are living. Mr. Brandow re- sides at 433 North Seventeenth street. His father was a native of Hudson, New York and his mother was born in Maine. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 459 JOHN T. CHESNUT, clerk of the circuit court, was born in Laurel county, Kentucky, Aug. 12, 1839. His father, Andrew Chesnut, and his . mother, whose maiden name is Eva- line Jones, were both natives of Lau- rel County, Kentucky. In 1842 the family came to Missouri, locating in Crawford township, Buchanan county. party. He was elected clerk of the circuti court in 1894 and re-elected in 1898. Under his management the af- fairs of this important office have been conducted in a tiusiness like and systematic manner, and to the satis- faction of all. Mr. Chesnut was mar- ried Feb. 14, 1864, in Jackson town- ship, to Miss Edna, the daughter of JOHN T. CHESNUT. on a farm. Our subject was educated John and Ann "Nidy. Mrs. Chesnut in the district schools, and then en- was born in Roanoke county, Virgin- gaged in farming and merchandising, ia, April 8, 1844. Three children were He was located at Halleck and Wal- born to Mr. and Mrs. Chesnut: Carrie lace, Crawford Township. In the civil p,^ peb. 17, 1865; Evaline C, Jan. 13, war his sympathy was with the South and he enlisted in the Confederate army in 1861. He started out as a 1867; J. William, May 22, 1869, died May 25, 1880. Mr. Chesnut was in business at Wallace up to the time of second sergeant fought gallantly for ^.^ ^^^^^.^^ .^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ the lost cause throughout the strug gle and was mustered out in 1865 as a captain. He has ever been a con moved his family to St. Joseph. He is a man of strong character and has sistent Democrat and a leader in the many warm friends. 46o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. EUGENE H. SPRATT, collector of Buchanan county, is an example of what energy and enterprise is posses- sed by the native sons of Buchanan county. In Blooniington township, Buchanan county, on August 17, 1858, Mr. Spratt was born. He is the son of James B. Spratt, a wealthy farmer 1875. He attended the common schools of the district and for a time went to the Leavenworth, Kan., high school, which, with an extensive course of reading, and his natural keen observation, has qualified him for al- most any business position. Mr. Spratt's first office was that of deputy EUGENE H. SPRATT. and stock grower, who came to this county from Kentucky in 1843, a poor man, but who, by industry and good judgment, gained riches. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Spencer, a daughter of the late O. M. Spencer. Mr. Spratt's early life was spent on the homestead and he here gained a practical knowledge of all the details of farming, which en- abled him to manage affairs after the death of his father, who was killed in sheriff under James L. Spencer, to which he was appointed in 1878, and which he held for two years. He then clerked for Woolworth & Colt, book dealers, for two years, returning to the farm in 1882, where he remained until 1888, when he was elected sheriff on the Democratic ticket, and to which office was re-elected by an overwhelm- ing majority in 1890. On retiring from the sheriff's office hf dealt in real es- tate till 1896, when he was elected BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 461 county collector. He was re-elected in 1898, and is therefore now serv- ing his second term in this important office. Mr. Spratt is an ideal cam- paigner. Of pleasant manners and extensive acquaintance he is an inde- fatigable worker, and never rests a moment from the day of nomination till the election is over. His adminis- tration of the public offices entrusted to him has been all that could be de- sired, and his books are scrupulously kept. are three children living: Susa, 14; Eva, II, and Nellie, 9; three are dead. Mr. Reynolds is now engaged at the Hotel Donovan. BENJAMIN F. HILL, superin- tendent of the Press Printing Com- pnay, was born in Atchison county, Misjouri, September 13, 1S50, and spent his early yearj on a farm. His father, Henry S. Hill, was a lieuten- ant in company D, Fifth Missouri cav- alry, and our subject accompanied his OLIN EDWARD VAN DEVEN- TER, commercial traveler, is a son of Rev. Cornelius I. and Elizabeth A. (Grimes) Van Deventer of the M. E. Church, South, and was born at Glas- gow, Mo., August II, 1852. He came with his parents to St. Joseph in 1868, attended the High School and then entered commercial life. He manag- ed a wholesale grocery house at Macon, Mo., then traveled for six years for a grocery house out of Den- ver; in 1881 returned to St. Jo- seph, engaged in the fire insurance business, was for four years steward at Asylum No. 2, during the adminis- trations of Governors Marmaduke and Francis and then engaged in the plumbing business for several years. He was married at Greenleaf, Kan., December 24, 1879, to Carrie B., daughter of William H. and Emeline Truesdell, the bride being a native of Belvidere, 111., born Sept. S, 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Van Deventer have two chil- dren, Olin H. and Mary B. LEE D. B. REYNOLDS, the son of William and Susan (Gibson) Reynolds, was born at St. Joseph, August 2, 1861, and was educated in the public schools of St. Joseph. Was married at Maryville, Mo., Sept. 13, 1881 to Miss Nellie Sullivan of Nod- away County, of which union there B. F. HILL. father through the entire campaign of that regiment. Subsequently he learned the printer's trade at Brown- ville. Neb., and came to St. Joseph in March of 1877 to take the position of foreman of the Gazette composing room, in which position he continued Printing Company in 1893. Mr. Hill is known to the craft throughout the land as a man of marked executive ability and a strict disciplinarian. 462 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. FRED HOEFER, meat packer and member of the city council, was born in Germany, Nov. 16, 1854. He is the son of John and Mary (Seitz) Hoefer, farmers. Mr. Hoefer was liberally educated in Germany. In 1873 he came to America, locating in Philadelphia, where he engaged in the butcher busi- ness. In 1876, at Philadelphia, he married Miss Carolina Brandt, also a native of Germany, and three boys and WILLIAM A. BROWN of the William A. Brown Transfer and Stor- age Company, was born in St. Joseph February 25, 1866, his father, Milton A. Brown, having located here just after the war. Our subject attended the public schools and for six years was a carrier for the Daily News. In 1886 he joined his %ther in the trans- fer business and they now have the largest transfer and storage establish- FRED HOEFER. one girl have been born into this union, all of whom are living. In 1881 the family came to St. Joseph, and Mr. Hoefer began business in his line in a modest way. By thrift, honesty and judgment he has built up a large trade and the institution which he heads oc- supies the old Pinger packing house, on Dewey avenue. A specialty is made of high-grade meats. Mr. Hoef- er is a leading German-American citi- zens. Politically, he is a Republican, and as such was elected alderman for the Third Ward in April of 1899. ment in the city. He was' married Jan- uary 18, 1899, to Miss Margaret Stew- art. CHARLES L. STANLEY, con- nected with the Armour Packing Company, was born in St. Joseph July 12, 1866, the son of W. B. and Jennie D. (Calvert) Stanley; attended the Webster school; was in the grocery business. October 17, 1886, married Cora B., daughter of J. M. and Eliza Reed; has one son, Harry E., aged 11. Is a Democrat. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 463 THOMAS FRANCIS RYAN was born in County Kilkenny, Ireland, December 25, 1850. His parents, Michael and Mary (Brown) Ryan, meeting with reverse of fortune, came to America in 1851 and settled in Pennsylvania. In 1858 they came to St. Joseph, where they lived a short time and then removed to Andrew county and engaged in farming. Thomas began his education in the district school and afterwards entered lorney for Buchanan county, which office he filled for two years with marked ability. In 1886 he was ap- pointed city counselor, in which re- sponsible position he made an envi- able record. In 1893 Governor Fran- cis appointed him police commission- er for three years. When this term was out he was reappointed to the same position by Governor Stone. Mr. Ryan is a thorough lawyer, well versed in all the technicalities of the THOMAS F. RYAN. the Christian Brothers' College, where he was graduated in 1871. For two years he read law under private in- struction, and in 1873 entered the law office of Judge Bennet Pike as a stu- dent and was admitted to the bar in May, 1874. In November of the fol- lowing year he was elected a justice of the peace, serving as such for sev- eral years. But his law business in- creased to such an extent that he re- signed his office and began to devote himself earnestly to the practice of his chosen profession. In November, 1882, he was elected prosecuting at- profession. He is a cogent reasoner, possesses great fluency, and is an able advocate before both court and jury. He possess a peculiar aptness for the trial of cases. His mind is subtle and refined. He sees a point clearly and is able to express himself in a lucid, forcible manner. He has been life- long Democrat and has always taken an active part in state and national politics. On Oct. 15, 1884, in this city, Mr. Ryan was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Cecelia McEvoy, who belongs to an old St. Louis fam- iily. 464 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. FREDERICK A. H. GARLICHS, general insurance agent, is a native of St. Joseph and one of her foremost young business men. His father was the late Hermann M. Garlichs. Our subject was educated in the St. Jo- seph public schools. In 1881 he went to Chicago and was employed in a wholesale grocery house four years, surance companies embraces a large number of the best underwriting insti- tutions in the world. Mr. Garlichs was born Oct. i, 1866, and on June 7, 1892, he was married in Chicago to Miss Edith M. Wallbridge of that city, who has borne him three children — Lorren, aged 6; Mary, aged 4, and Janet, now two years of age. FRED A. H. GARLICHS. after which he was four years in the employ of the Union Trust Company bank of that city. He then returned to St. Joseph and organized the Mid- land Building and Loan Association, afterwards taking insurance, real es- tate and safe deposit business, in all of which lines he has been very suc- cessful. The St. Joseph Safety De- posit Vault, managed by Mr. Gar- lichs, is one of the rnost successful en- terprises of the city, and his list of in- REV. CHAS. C. HARL was born in Council Bluffs, la., March 3, 1870, bis father being Attorney Thos. W. Harl. He came to St. Joseph in 1879 and after a course in the public schools, attended the law school at Columbia, Mo., graduating in 1891. He began practicing with his father in St. Joseph in 1892, but later entered on the ministry of the Christian Church, and is now preaching in Southern Kansas. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 465 DR. LEVI SAMUEL LONG, 820 Edijond stret, was born August 12, 1871! at Longswamp, Berks County, Pennsylvania. His father. Dr. Man- oah S. Long, was also a native ol Berts county, as was his mother, Ma^etta (Schwartz^ Long. The Long family came to, America in 1763. Dr. Long was for a time at Mertz- town. Pa., and came to St. Joseph in 1893, where he began his practice as a from Mexico, Arizona, Indiana, Mich- igan and Dakota. Dr. Long was mar- ried in St. Joseph January 27, 1897, to Miss Meta S. Bode, daughter of Geo. and Eleanor W. Bode, and they have one child, a daughter, born August 14, 1898. JAMES LIMBIRD, attorney at law, was born at Bicker, Lincolnshire, England, July 24, 1843, the son of DR. LEVI S. LONG. professional specialist. He attended the Kurtztown Normal' school, Wyo- ming Seminary and Baltimore and Jefferson Medical Colleges. He has held several public offices, among them United States Census Enumera- tor, assistant city physician o: St. Jo- seph, United States jail physician, Bu- chanan county jail physician, and was appointed United States recruiting ex- aminer in 1898. Dr. Long has an ex- tensive practice in St. Joseph, Kansas, Iowa and Nebraska and is consulted James and Elizabeth (Lane) Limbird. In 1854 he came to Delphos, Ohio, and worked about from place to place till the war, when he enlisted in com- pany I, 27th Ohio Infantry, being dis- charged in 1862 for disability, but later he enlisted in a cavalry company, serv- ing till the war closed. Was twice prosecuting attorney for Holt County, once in the legislature, three years city counselor of St. Joseph, and in March, i8go, was made surveyor of customs at St. Joseph, serving four years. 466 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CHARLES FREMONT COCH- RAN, congressman, Fourth district of Missouri, was born in Kirksville, Adair county, Missouri, Sept. 27, 1848. His father, a physician, located with his family at Lancaster, Schuyler county, Missouri, in 1852; at Weston, Platte County, in 1857, and at Atchison in i860. Mr. Cochran received a com- mon school education and then C. F. COCHRAN. learned the printer's trade. This he fallowed as compositor and editor until 1872, reading law in his leisure hours. He was elected justice of the peace at Atchison in 1872, and from that time until 1884 was actively en- gaged in law, serving two terms as prosecuting attorney of Atchison county, Kansas, and rising to farAe not only as a practioner but as a pleader. He took an active interest in the politics of Kansas, being a leader of the Democrats and ranking with the highest as a debater of pub- lic questions. In January of 1886 he became part owner and maniging editor the St. Joseph Gazette, in which work he continued until October, 1896. He was elected to the state senate from the district embracing Buchanan county in 1890 and served four years. He was ever a champion of the laboring classes and an enemy of trusts and corporations in their ef- forts to disregard the rights of the people. He was one of the earliest and ablest advocates of the silver cause and is well informed on matters of finance and political economy. In 1896 he was elected to congress, and few men received such recognition as he during their first terms in that body. In 1898 he was re-elected. He is a forcible speaker, of broad mind, well equipped for a contest upon any public question, and is inflexibly faithful to his principles and his con- stituents. Mr. Cochran was married in 1874 to Miss Louisa Webb of Leavenworth. They have one child, Charles W. ABRAHAM FURST, street com- missioner of St. Joseph, came to America in 1839, from his native land, Germany, where Ve was born June 18, 1834. His parents located in Cincin- nati, where he was educated. In 1861 he enlisted in the Eighteenth Arkansas (Confederate) infantry, serving till the close of the war. Mr. Furst was mar- ried April 3, 1864, in Cincinnati to Miss Rosa Ullman, who died in 1894, leaving eight children. After his mar- riage he came to St. Joseph, and for thirty years was engaged in the whole- sale liquor business In St. Joseph and St. Louis. He was for many years an able leader in the Democratic forces, not only in St. Joseph but in the state, contributing liberally and seeking no reward. He was appointed street commissioner by Mayor Kirschner. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 467 ANTON BURVENICH, Eight- eenth and Frederick avenue, claims to be the oldest druggist in St. Joseph, with thirty-three years practice to his credit. He was born in Germany March 7, 1852, and came to St. Joseph in 1857. He began in the drug busi- ness in 1865 and has gained a reputa- tion as a first-class apothecary. His store is one of the best in the city. ANTON BURVENICH. He was married October 4, 1881, to Miss Julia Dio, a native of Alabama, and they have one boy and three girls living. JOHN RANEY, carriage manu- facturer, 1401 S. nth street, was born at Sandusky, Ohio, Jan. 14, 1855; lived in Iowa from 1855 to 1857; came to St. Joseph April, 1877, and engaged in carriage making. Married at Hast- ings, Neb., December, 1890, to Flor- ence M. Kipp, born at Cameron, Mo. There are three children: Grace, 7; Charley, S, and George, 3. His father, Benjamin Raney, was a painter and a first lieutenant in the First Iowa Cavalry regiment. FRANK F. HARL, manager of the Hotel Donovan, at Sixth and Edmond streets, was born in Council 'Bluffs, Iowa, March 3, 1868, and came with his father to St. Joseph in 1879. He was educated in the Christian Broth- ers' College, St. Joseph; read law and was admitted to the bar; began his practice at Kansas City, Kan., but later united with his father in St. Jo- seph, in the firm of Harl & Had. He was married in September, 1888 to Miss Josie T. Myers and a boy and girl have been born to them. JAMES y. CRAIG, horseshoer, 916 Frederick avenue, was born Nov. 23, 1848 at Rodgersville, Ky. He came to Missouri with his father, W. L. Craig in 1855, locating first at Savan- nah, but coming to St. Joseph in 1863. He was first married to Mary F. Bax- ter, Nov. 18, 1869, who bore him two boys, still living, and who died in No- vember, 1889. He then married Miss Elizabeth Tibbetts, May 24, 1893. They have one child, Lucille Elizabeth, aged two years. GEORGE W. McALEER, veteri- nary surgeon and railroad contractor, was born in Chambersburg, Pa., in 1820. He served through the Mexican war of '46-47 with Ringgold's Light Artillery, under Capt. Walker. He graduated from the British Veterinary College, Montreal, and came to St. Joseph in 1858. He drove the first bus in this city and was in railroad con- tracting and livery business until his retirement. He lost a large livery barn and 35 horses by fire in 1869. He was married to Mary Colven in Cumberland, Md., in 1851, and they have had four boys and two girls. 468 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. THOMAS R. ASHBROOK, city auditor, was born in Ashville, O., Dec. 9, 1890, and came to St. Joseph with his parents in 1858. He graduated from the St. Joseph high school in 1873, and spen two years in Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H., only being prevented from attending Harvard College by sickness. He was one term an alder- man from the Second ward, and in 1894 teen miles south of St. Joseph. On reaching manhood our subject en- gaged in forming, then in selling furni- ture and then in the hotel and bakery business. He was always fond of horses and still handles them as a part of his occupation. He was mar- ried in 187s to Miss Minnie Dalhoff and two children have been born to them, a boy and a girl. THOS. R. ASHBROOK. was elected auditor, re-elected in 1896, and again in 1898. He is a Republican in politics and a prominent leader in that party. WILLIAM W. REYNOLDS, ba- ker, 2615 Lafayette, was born in St. Joseph October 27, 1850. His parents, William W. and Susan (Gibson) Rey- nolds came to Buchanan county in the earliest days, locating on a farm four- SAMUEL MITCHELL CARSON was born in Washington township, Buchanan County, July 10, 1856. His father was William Carson, who was for eight years supermtendent of the county poor farm. In 1881 "Mitch" was appointed deputy under S. D. Cowan, clerk of the Circuit Court, which position he held until January of 1895. He is now clerk at the Hotel Donovan. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 469 WILLIAM T. LETTS, proprietor of box factory and cooperage works, 1803 South Fourth street, is a native of England, where he was born May 17, 1851. His parents were George T. and Mary (Knight) Letts. Mr. Letts was schooled and learend his trade of box making in England, and came to America in 1882, locating in Chicago, living except Jane, who died at threa years of age. ERNEST LINDSAY, banker, is a native of South Carolina, born June 24, 1845. He came to St. Joseph in March of 1869 and has for many years been prominent in financial circles. He was connected with the State Savings bank w. T. LETTS. where he remained two years and then came to St. Joseph, where he has since built up a profitable business in the manufacture of all kinds of packing boxes and cooperage. Mr. Letts is one of the most enterprising of St. Jo- seph's citizens. Before leaving En- gland Mr. Letts met and married Miss Elizabeth Palmer, in 1871. Of this union nine children were born, six boys and three girli, all of whom are in its various forms from 1872 until 1897; was cashier of the Savings bank from 1S81 to 1894, president of the State National Bank from 1895 to 1897, and is now engaged in winding up the affairs of that institution, being also in- terested in several other financial ven- tures. He was married to Miss Hettie McDonald, daughter of Dr. Silas Mc- Donald, in 1871, and they have one child, a son. 470 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CHARLES BLOOMFIELD ED- GAR, son of Joseph C. Edgar, was born in St. Louis in 1849 and educated in the public schools of that city and Kentucky University at Lexington, Ky. He began his career as a busi- ness man in the National Loan Bank (now Commercial Bank) of St. Louis. Hannibal, Mq. He became a stock- holder, president and editor of the St. Joseph Daily News in October, 1894. This paper at that time was in financial distress and deeply in debt. Under his management it has grown in circulation from about 4,000 to over 16,000, paid off its debts and become C. B. EDGAR. His first experience as an editor was at the University where he conducted the Collegian. He was educated for the Christian ministry and for some years preached in Missouri and Brook- lyn, N. Y., but during his ministry was nearly all the time connected with the press, being Nfw York corre- spondent of the Christian Evangelist, and proprietor of a secular paper at a very valuable and profitable proper- ty, besides becoming the most influ- ential newspaper in this part of the state. In 1882 Mr. Edgar married Aurora, daughter of Judge W. B. Drescher of Hannibal, Mo. They have a daughter, Helen, and a son, Joseph Charles, and reside on Fif- teenth street, corner of Edmond. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 471 WILLIAM R. HOFFMAN, attor- ney at law, was born at New Albany, Ind., December 14, 1857. He was sent to relations in Holt county upon the death of his mother. He worked hard and studied law; was admitted to the bar at Savannah in 1883; came to St. Joseph in 1888; elected city attorney an and at once strated with his bride for America, locating in Illinois, where he remained seven years; came to St. Joseph in 1866 and engaged in the grocery and tobacco business and is one of the best-known delaers in the city. Mr. and Mrs. Rainalter have had six childrei, — four boys and two giils. WM. R. HOFFMAN. in April, 1892, serving two years; re- turned to his practice, was appointed justice of the peace at the Stock Yards, which position he recently re- signed. Was married March 3, 1885, to Miss Philopena Spoerle, at Oregon. JOHN J. RAINALTER, the vet- eran grocer, is a native of Austria. He was born December i, 1836, and was educated in the Fatherland. May ro, 1858, he married Miss Anna Kath- The eldest son, Rudolph, is in business with his father at 712 Felix street. A. B. SHAW, 1912 Olive street, is a successful contractor and builder, who is rapidly growing in popularity be- cause of his faithful performance of all undertakings and through his thor- ough integrity. Mr. Shaw is one who once patronized is always sought after by those having work which they want honestly done. 472 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ALBERT S. DICKSON, lawyer, 406 Francis street, was born in An- drew County, Mo., Feb. i, 1866. He attended Avalon College, Livingston County, Mo., and adopted the law as his profession, his first practice being in Oklahoma in 1890. He came to St. Joseph in March, 1897, opened an ner, who was born at Council Bluffs, and by whom he has had four children, three boys and one girl, all of whom are living. WILLIAM H. BEYER, piano maker and tuner, 610 Edmond street, is a native of Goerlitz, Schlesien, Ger- A. S. DICKSON. office and has met with success. Mr. Dickson is a Democrat in politics. AUGUST BILLER, saloon keep- er, Seventh and Edmond streets, was born in Pennsylvania in 1857, and came to St. Joseph in 1884. After working at Nanning's brewery for some years engaged in the saloon business, first on Messanie street, then on Frederick avenue and lately at his present location. In 1888 he was mar- ried in St. Joseph to Miss Lena Zelt- many, born March 13, 1853. His fath- er was also a pianu maker. In 1870 Mr. Beyer came with his mother and sisters to St. Louis, where he was mar- ried September 7, 1873, to Katherine Mueller, born December 24, 1853. In 187s he came to St. Joseph and ever since that time has been engaged in business here. Two boys, August, age 24, and Emil, age 20, and one girl, Anna, age 22, were born to Mr. and Mrs. Beyer. He belongs to the Lu- theran church. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 473 JAMES B. O'CONNOR, lawyer, is a native of Platte County, Mo., where he was born July 27, 1868; After attending the common schools he entered St. Benedict's College, Atchison, Kansas, and graduated in 1891. He then read law and in 1896 came to St. Joseph and began the practice of his chosen profession. Mr. mercial pursuits, holding responsible positions in a number of wholesale houses. In April of 1898 he was made chief clerk in the city engineer's office, which place he held until appointed clerk. In 1897 Mr. Downey was married to Miss Annie Powers, also a native of St. Joseph. Mr. Downey is an active Democrat. JAMBS B. O'CONNOR. O'Connor has an office in the Ger- man-America Bank Building at Seventh and Felix streets, and has es- tablished a good business. JOHN J. DOWNEY, city clerk, who succeeded Charles S. Shepherd April 17, 1899, is a native of St. Jo- seph, born April 7, 1863. He gradua- ted from the Christian Brothers' Col- lege in 1878 and then engaged in com- JONES T. WILSON, real estate agent and dealer, came to St. Joseph from his native state, Kentucky,- fifty- four years ago, and has' passed through all the ups and downs inci- dent to a pioneer's life. A bold but careful trader, he has succeeded in amassing a very comfortable fortune and his dealings extend over nearly the entire west, though St. Joseph is his headquarters and home. 474 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. GEORGE JOHN ENGLEHART, ex-mayor and wholesale merchant, is .a native of Germany, born in Hohen- sultzen, near the historic city of Worms. When yet an infant he came to America with his parents, who set- tled on a farm near Mansfield, O. At the age of i6 he obtained employment sage from St. Francisco on the steam- er "Golden Gate" and one month later arrived in New York. After working on the home farm for a time he decided to locate in Kansas. He came up the Missouri river on the steamer "Southerner," going as far ^s Iowa Point, which was then a thriv- GBORGB J. ENGLEHART. in a dry goods store at Mt. Vernon, O. Next he worked in a drug store at Mansfield, and then in dry goods store in the same place, where he re- mained a number of years and then ac- cepted a situation in Cincinnati. Fail- ing health caused him to go to Cali- fornia in i8s5, and he worked for three years in the mines, meeting with success. On July 3, 1858, he took pas- ing place and a formidable competitor of St. Joseph. There was no Kansas City in those days, Westport Landing being the name of the point. The steamboat landing of St. Joseph was then at the foot of Main and Charles streets and Mr. Englehart remembers having taken some refreshments at a place called "DievDrei Schwabein," while his boat stopped here to dis- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 475 charge freight. From Iowa Point he walked to Hiawatha, where a brother was located on a farm. Hiawatha had but a few houses, but Mr. Englehart saw an opening for a general store, and in February of 1859 he went to St. Louis, purchased a stock and paid for it with gold he had himself dug. The firm was Englehart & Fairchild, these men having previously been partners in the mines. After six years Mr. Englehart sold his interest to Mr. Fairchild and came to St. Joseph. On June I, 1865, he and the late Isaac Bal- linger became connected with the house of Tootle & Fairleigh as part- ners. A year later h-e formed a part- nership with Nelson P. Smith to en- gage in the wholesale hat ant^ cap business. When the firm was ready for business Mr. Smith was stricken with cholera and died. Major S. A. Garth succeeded Mr. Smith. In 1868 Major Garth retired and was succedcd in the firm by the late Samuel Lock- wood, a practical hatter, who had founded the first hat house in St. Jo- seph. The present Johnston-Wood- bury Hat Co. is a lineal descendant of this house. After the consolidation millinery was added, and this was the first wholesale millinery house west of Chicago. The branches were separa- ted in i8go, when two corporations were formed — The Johnston-Fife Hat Company and the Englehart-Winn- ing-Davidson Mercantile Company, the latter taking the millinery busi- ness, Mr. Englehart being a large stockholder in both. These corpora- tions are now known as the Johnston- Woodbury Hat Company and the En- glehart-Davidson Millinery Company. Mr. Englehart continues his connec- tion with both as president, taking an active interest in their management. Politically Mr. Englehart is a Repub- lican. During his residence at Hia- watha he was four years treasurer of Brown county. In 1886 he was nomi- nated by the Republicans for Mayor of St. Joseph and defeated by Thomas H. Doyle by forty votes. In 1887 he was elected president ol the Board of Trade. In 1888 he was again nomi- nated and defeated the late R. T. Davis, being elected by one of the largest majorities ever given a Repub- lican candidate for this office. He was nominated for state senator in i8qo, but did not accept owing to busi- ness reasons. He was president of the first federal grand jury in Buchanan county. Mr. Englehart is one of St. Joseph's foremost wholesale mer- chants and one of the most progres- sive cititzens. JOHN OLIVER KNAPP, assist- ant chief of the St. Joseph fire depart- ment, was born in St.' Louis in 1846, and came to St. Joseph in 1847. He had a common-school education. He came a steamboat engineer and fol- lowed the river till 1875, being on sev- eral steamers that were sunk. For two years he was in charge of the machin- ery on the St. Joseph bridge. He went into the fire department in 1875 and his efficiency is proven by the fact that he has risen to his present posi- tion of assistant chief. He was se- verely burned at a fire in 1877, and is known as a most intrepid fireman. JOSEPH N. KIDD, florist, 106 N. Fifth, greenhouse 2320 St. Joseph ave., was born at Decatur, 111., Oct. i, 1858. He learned the florist business in his youth and in 1892 came west by way of Kansas City, locating in St. Joseph in 1893. He purchased the extensive greenhouses of Haas Nielson and has maintained and increased the business done by his predecessor. Mr. Kidd was married in Kansas City to a Miss Tice, formerly of St. Louis; they have two children. 476 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ALBERT B. DUNCAN, attorney at law, office in Crawford Theater build- ing, was born on a farm near Dear- born, in Platte county, Missouri, April 17, 1862. His father, Richard F. Duncan, was born in Culpepper coun- ty, Virginia, and his mother, whose maiden name was Sara A. St. John, was born in Platte county. Our sub- is now a member of the Democratic state central committee. JOHN SCHLEICHER, feed and fuel dealer, 1312 South Tenth street, son of Casper and Mary Sleicher of Germany, was born in St. Joseph Oc- tober 20, 1857; learned the baker's trade with Egid Wagner, and, begin- ALBBRT B. DUNCAN. ject attended the . public schools and went to William Jewell College, from which he graduated in June of 1886, with degree of A. B. In tjie fall of that year he came to St. Joseph and asso- ciated himself with Woodson & Wood- - son. Mr. Duncan was a member of the city council from 1891 to 1893. In 1894 he was elected prosecuting attor- ney and held the office two years. He is a Democrat and is always at the front when a political battle is on. He ning in 1883, was in this business for himself at 11 18 S. Eleventh street; was married to Pauline Schaefer of this city January 29, 1884; three children are living: Addie, 13; Aurelia, 8; John, 6; one, Josephine, is dead. Mr. Slei- cher is a Catholic, a member of St. Francis Xavier Benevolent Society, Bavarian Society and the A. O. U. W. A year ago he retired from the bakery and engaged in the fuel and feed busi- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 477 DR. WILLIAM M. CAMPBELL, Ballinger building, St. Joseph, was born in Robinson, Kan., in 1872. After obtaining knowledge from the public schools he decided on medicine as his profession and graduated from" the Northwestern Medical College, St. Joseph, and the Jefferson Medical Col- lege of Philadelphia. He first began practicing at Fairview, Kan., in 1892, Baltimore and other places until 187J, when he came to St. Joseph andl worked for the K. C, St. J. & C. B.. R. R. After a time spent in Chicago- he returned in 1880, and many fine; buildings in and around St. Joseph bear evidence of his skill. WILLiAM H. GORDON, since 1875 in charge of the dress goods de- DR. WILLIAM CAMPBELL. but soon came to St. Joseph, where he has obtained a lucrative practice. Dr. Campbell is a member of the Masonic order, Odd Fellows and Modern Woodmen of America. F. G. BUTCHER, fresco and or- namental painter, was born in Lou- doun County, Va., in 1848. He came to Missouri in i860, where he learned his trade. He worked in Washington, psrtment of the Townsend & Wyatt Dry Goods Company, was born in Baldwinsville, N. Y., August 12, 1856. After a short sojourn in Canada, He went to Galesburg, 111., and in 1874 came to St. Joseph, engaging a year later with his present employers. He was married in 1882 to Miss Gertie Davis, daughter of the late William A. Davis, inventor of the railway postal 478 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. GEORGE B. NIXON, for four years constable of Washington town- ship, was born in New York state Oct. 19, 1857, where he attended school. He went to Kansas, locating at Troy, where he remained until 1885, when he came to St. Joseph and engaged in clerking. He was elected constable on 1864, when he came to St. Joseph. For a number* of years he has kept a hotel in this city. At Galena, 111., in 1861 he was married to Miss Mary Long, a native of Ireland, and the couple have had eight children, two boys and six girls, all of whom are living save one, who died in infancy. GEORGE B. NIXON. the Republican ticket in 1894 and re- elected in 1896, serving four years. He was married in Troy, Kan., in 1884, to Miss Ada Davis and they have two children. CHRISTOPHER OTTEN, hotel keeper at 1304 South Sixth street, was born in Holland, December 25, 1837, and came to America with his family in 1840, locating at Galena, 111. Lived at Dubuque, la., and Kansas up to CHARLES R. BACUS, coal and wood, 612 South Eighth street, was born at Martinsburg, la., July 26, 1864, son of Amaziah and Matilda (Swear- ingen) Bacus. Our subject came to St. Joseph January 10, 1885; was circulator of the News 1887-89. On January 15, 1887 he married Thur- za A. Smith, born at Bath, England, August 25, 1859, of which union there are two children, Mable, 8, and Gra- de, 7. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. MEYER 479 JOSEPH L. known as "Sep," doing business at 1302 South Sixth street, was born in St. Joseph Sept. 4, 1866, and attended the German-English and Everett Schools. He has been engaged in the wholesale liquor business. At present he represents the Seventh Ward in the city council; is a Democrat in politics. better and from Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1883; was assistant physi- cian of New York City Insane asy- lum; was also for several years assist- ant physician at Insane Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph; began his private practice in 1887. He is a contributor to the best medical journals. J. L. MEYER. He was married in Roseburg, Ore., July 6, 1891, to a daughter of Philip and Emily Merryman, and they have two children, May, aged six, and Leo, aged four. CHARLES HODGE WALLACE, A. M., M. D., was born in Jackson County, Missouri, June 24, 1858. He received a liberal education, graduat- ing from Westminister College in 1880 JOSHUA A. GRAHAM, attorney at law, German-American Bank build- ing, was born in Tazewell, Tenn., the son of Thorns P. and Jane H. (Ewing) Graham. He came to St. Joseph in August, 1889, was admitted to the bar in 1893, and has since built up a lucra- tive practice. Mr. Graham is a Demo- crat, was elected city attorney in 1896, and served two years. Recently he was elected treasurer of Asylum No. 2. 48o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST DR. PIERRE ADOLPH ISI- DORE LEONARD was born on Oc- tober 9, 1862, at Hesper, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Educated in the Athenee at Luxembourg he left col- lege when he was 17 years old and, with his parents, came to the United States. His father was a retired dry goods merchant and bought a resi- dence at 1810 Pacific street, this city, in 1881. The same year Dr. Leonard entered the office of Dr. Thomas H. JOSEPH. German, he went abroad in 1889 and studied in Paris, Vienna and Berlin, and in 1890 he confined his practice to the treatment of eye and ear diseases as a specialty. Dr. Leonard is eye and ear surgeon to the C. R. I. P. R. R. and expert surgeon to the United States pension office. For the year 1899 he is president of the St. Joseph Medical Society and is a member of numerous medical and scientific socie- ties. DR. P. I. LEONARD. Doyle to study medicine, having be- fore that time devoted particular at- tention to the study of natural science. In 1884 he graduated from the St. Jo- seph Medical College and in 1885 from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York city. Then for six months he followed special studies at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in Philadel- phia. Upon his return he practiced some time in the office of Dr. Doyle. Having a knowledge of French and WILLIAM DAVID MAXWELL, the popular dry goods salesman a* Townsend & Wyatt's, was born in St. Louis, Aug. 23, 1848, and came to St. Joseph with his parents in 1850. Here he secured his education and went in- to the dry goods business, which he has since followed. He was married May 24, 1871 to Miss Esabella David- son, who died May 18, 1889, leaving two boys and four girls, all of whom are living. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 4^1 JAMES EDWARD HARTNETT, member of the metropolitan police force, was born Nov. 25, 1851, at Buf- falo, N. Y., the son of John and Mary (Noonan) Hartnett, of County Cork, Ireland, who were married at Boston in 1850. The family came to St. Jo- seph in April of 1858. John Hartnett the construction of the original build- ing there. In 1879 he engaged in the saloon business at Maryville, v.'here he remained until May of 1883, when he went to the Pacific coast, and after remaining three years, returned home. He came to St. Joseph in 1888 and on August 18, 1889 was appointed on CHARLES J. BORDEN. followed railroading. The family moved on a farm in Andrew County in 1865 and the father was drowned ii. Dillon Creek in July, 1869. The widow purchased a farm in Andrew County, and subsequently moved to Nodaway County, near Conception, where she still resides. In 1872 our subject caine to St. Joseph and worked in the cais- sons during the construction of the bridge and also at the Asylum during the police force. He was detailed for service at Chicago during th= World's Fair. He was married May 2S, 1882, to Miss Alice Diss, who wlt'.i her child, died May 15, 1883. June 15, 1893 he was married at Chicago to Miss Katie Huebner of Alma, Kan. They have three children — James Leonard, Francis Joseph and Katie Alice. 482 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JACOB AMANN, upholsterer, was born in Canada, Nov. 23, 1857, his father, Martin, also having been an upholsterer. He attended school in Canada, and went with his parents in 1869 to Oberlin, Kan., going to Otta- wa in 1871 and coming to St. Joseph in the fall of 1872, locating at Sixth and Locust. He was married Jan. 27, located in St. Joseph in 1880, and en- gaged in teaming; was for several years on the police force; then started a carriage line and now has a large number of patrons. He was married January I, 1875 to Miss Celia Erson; they have had six children, three of whom, boys, are living, one boy and two girls having died. CARROLL L. CONNBTT. .1878 to Miss Margaret George, a na- tive of Iowa, who bore him two chil- dren, both living. Mr. Amann lives and has his shop at 1310 South Tenth street. ANTOINE TESON is of French extraction, and was born in St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 17, 1852. His parents were Frank and Charlotte (Smith) Teson, also natives of St. Louis. Mr. Teson LEVI MITCHELL, real estate agent, 610Y2 Edmond street, is a na- tive of Indiana, where he was born Feb. 19, 1853. He was married in In- diana in 1873 to Miss Sarah E. Oli- phant, and came to St. Joseph in 1888, embarking in the real estate business, which he has since pursued, and in which he has been very successful. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell have two boys and three girls, all living. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 483 DR. MARTIN H. WILSON, ocu- list and aurist, room 8, Corby building, 5th and Edmond streets, though a new comer, has built up a reputation in his line. Dr. Wilson was born at Howardsville, 111. He was a member of Company B, 5th Minnesota, which held Fort Ridgeley against 1,000 In- phis, Tenn., and Maryville, Mo., and came to St. Joseph, March 20, 1899. He was married to Miss Eva K. Baker of that city. CONRAD TANNER, of C. Tanner & Sons, manufacturers of carriages and other vehicles, was born May DR. MARTIN H. WILSON. dians for a week and he received a medal of honor from the state of Min- nesota; was also in the siege of Vicks- burg. Began to study medicine as hospital steward in the army in 1862, tinder Dr. Alfred Miller of the United States regular army. He graduated from the Physio-Medical and Eclectic and American Eclectic schools in 1877 and 1879, and began the practice of his profession at Salt Lake City. He prac- ticed also at Terre Haute, Ind., Mem- S, 1834 in Siblingen, Schaffhausen. Switzerland. He came from Toledo, Ohio to St. Joseph in 1852 and began the wagon making business, which he has continued ever since. Mr. Tanner attended school in Switzerland until he was fourteen years old. He was married in St. Joseph Sept. 26, 1857 to Miss Genofeva Herman. Ten chil- dren were born to them, five boys and five girls, of whom Conrad, Adolph, Pauline and William are still living.- 484 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. EDMOND A. DONELAN was born at Ogdensburg, N. Y., April 25, 1824; graduated from Ohio Medical College in 1852; located at Platts- mouth, Neb., and wss a member of Nebraska territorial legislature; came to St. Joseph in i860; took a post graduate course in Bellevue Medica) College in New York city in 1870-71; 1890 he came to St. Joseph and was for several years chief clerk to the master mechanic of the Grand Island railroad, and for two years manager of the Co- lumbia Foundry; was elected to his present position March I, 1897. He was married in Kansas City, April 27, 1892, to Miss Laura M. Berry, and they have one boy, Neil. DR. E. A. DONELAN. represented Buchanan county in the legislatures in 1877, 1881, 1885, 1887 ind 1891 as a Democrat; is member of state fish commission and has been president of the St. Joseph school board since 1885. HARRY H. SMITH, secretary of vAe school board, and superintendent of school buildings, was born in Upper Sandusky, O., September 11, 1864. He attended the public schools in San- dusky and Kansas City, and also Palm- er's Academy at the latter place. In FRANK P. YENAWINE, electri- cian and manager of the American District Messenger Company, was born n«ar Louisville, Ky., Aug. 23, 1853 and removed to Iowa at an early age. He came to St. Joseph in 1887 and engaged in electrical work. Was for several years superintendent of the city electric light plant, and is now an active member of the Missouri State Fish Commission, taking great inter- est in the work. He was married Sept. 3, 1889 to Miss Mamie Meisner of this city. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 485 JOHN M. HUFFMAN, M. D., of the firm of Huffman, Williams & Co., real estate, 427 Francis street, was born in Buchanan county. He at- tended the common and high schools and graduated from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1870. Began to practice in Whites- ville, Mo., and was highly successful for IS years, retiring on account of interests of St. Joseph and the adjoin- ing country since. For the last few years his principal business has been in real estate, and he now has large holdings in St. Joseph, besides many acres of farm land in various parts of this and other counties. Dr. Huffman served through the civil war in the Forty-third Regiment, Missouri Vol- unteers. DR. J. M. HUFFMAN. failing health. He had accumulated a nice little fortune from his practice and spent the next few years in trav- eling. In 1888 he came, with other parties, to St. Joseph, and organized and was president of the Wyatt Park Land Company. He was also a pro- moter and president of the Wyatt Park Street Railway Company, and has been identified with the business WILLIAM KOHLMEIER, the well known butcher at Rainalter & Sons, is yet a young man, born at Urbana, O., September 18, 1878. He attended school in Ohio, learned the butcher trade and came to St. Jo- seph February 16, 1898, taking the po- sition he now occupies. He has made many friends by his accommodating manners and genial disposition. 486 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ROBERT L. NICHOLS, attorney at law, German-American Bank Building, was born near Halleck, Crawford Township, Buchanan Coun- ty, Missouri, November 8, 1868, and is the son of Robert A. and Harriet (Shull) Nichols. His father now re- sides near Dearborn, Mo. There were four children in the family, our sub- Price. He was in the battle of Lex- ington, Mo., and all the battles in which his command was engaged, throughout the entire war. Two of his brothers. Wash Nichols, who is living, and Reuben Nichols, who is deceased, were also in the Gates reg- iment with him, and served through the entire war. Some of the more im- ROBBRT L. NICHOLS. iect> being the eldest. William S. Nichols, who is now in business in this city, was the next. Emma, who now resides near Dearborn, is the third, and Dallos E., who also resides near Dearborn, is the youngest. The Nichols came from Cocke County, Tenn., and settled in what is known as Slash Valley, near Bretz' Mill, on Platte River, in 1837. Our subject's father was a Confederate soldier and was in Gates' regiment, under Sterling portant battles in which they took part were, to-wit: Springfield, Shiloh, Vicksburg and Blakely's Landing. Our subject's grandfather on his mother's side was William Shull, de- ceased; his gradmother is Harriett Shull, who is yet living. Mr. Shull came to Missouri in an early day from Jefferson County, Ohio, and settled upon the farm which he owned until his demise. This farm was also locat- ed in the Slash Valley. Reverses in BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 487 his father's fortune made it necessary for our subject to apply himself to labor early in life and he worked on a farm, acquiring such education in the district school as he could and studied at home in his leisure hours after his work was finished. At the age of eighteen he had acquired suf- ficient knowledge to obtain a teacher's certificate and then taught school two terms in Buchanan County. Then he attended the Stanberry Normal School, and after graduating from that institution was employed to teach therein. He read law meanwhile and was admitted to the bar in Bethany, Harrison County, in 1874. In the fol- lowing year he came to St. Joseph and engaged in the practice of his pro- fession with Judge Henry S. Kelly. In i8g8 he formed a partnership with B. W. Pistole, a former classmate at Stanberry, and the firm has prospered. ALBERT J. ENRIGHT, political economist, journalist, financier and promoter, was born in St. Joseph, Mo., Aug. 7, i860, and is therefore in his thirty-ninth year. He attended the public schools of St. Joseph for eight years and graduated from Thomas H. Bryant's Business College in 1876; in the summer of that year he obtained a position as cashier for the retail dry goods firm of M. S. Farris & Co., with which firm he remained for three years. He afterwards became book- keeper for Hanson Gregg, a grain dealer, staying there two years, and in 1881 embarked in the grain busi- ness, which he successfully conducted for two years. In January, 1883, he was engaged with McKinney, Hundley & Walker, wholesale dry goods deaJ4 ers,' taking the position of credit man and remained with this firm for eight years. As an evidence that he made himself very valuable to this firm his salary was steadily increased from $1,- 200 per year to $4,500 per year. In January, 1887, the St. Joseph Herald, in an article regarding the firm of Mc- Kinney, Hundley & Walker said: "Mr. Albert J. Enright, credit man of the house, is thoroughly a St. Joseph man, having resided in this city all his lifetime and has been engaged in mer- cantile pursuits ever since he attained to manhood. Although comparatively young in years he has all the quali- fications of a thorough business man, a fact that is fully attested by the re- sponsible position he occupies in this establishment." On account of decline in health, caused by the arduous du- ties of his position, he severed his con- nection with this house and rested for a year; spending the time at Excelsior Springs, Las Vegas, N. M., Colorado Springs, Denver, Chicago and other cities. On November i, 1891, he or- ganized the firm of Enright & Fair- leigh, composed of Albert J. Enright and J. O'Neil Fairleigh, dealers in bonds and stocks, which business was very successful. In May, 1894, Mr. Fairleigh retired from the firm to en- gage in the wholesale shoe business. The present firm of Albert J. Enright & Co., is the leading firm in St. Jo- seph in the buying and selling of bonds and stocks. Their business is national in character, extending from Portland, Me., to Portland, Oregon, and from St. Paul to New Orleans. DR. CHARLES H. BURVEN- ICH, physician and surgeon, is a na- tive of St. Joseph, born June 8, 1876. After learning the drug business he read medicine with Dr. F. G. Thomp- son and, in 1896, graduated from Cen- tral Medical College. His office is at Eleventh and Frederick avenue and his residence at 2217 Union street. Octo- ber II, 1897, he was married to Miss Lucille Buzard of this city. 488 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CHARLES LOUIS SCHLESS, L. LB., lawyer and editor, 505 German- American Bank building, is a native of Kiev, Russia, where he was born Oct. IS, 1874. His father, Louis, was a mer- chant, his mother was Lizzie (Kinch- evsky) Schless. June 10, 1887, when not yet 13 years old, our subject came alone to America, locating in Chicago, where he attended the grammar and was married in St. Joseph on April 27, 1899, to Miss Jeanette Feltenstein. BENJAMIN C. ROBINSON, vice-president and treasurer of the J. B. Brady Carpet Company, was born in Virginia March 24, 1867. He at- tended school in Virginia, graduating from the Cleveland (Va.) high school in 1887. In 1888 he came to St. Jo- CHARLES SCHLESS. high schools, State University and Chicago Law School, graduating fron the latter institution in 1898. He came to St. Joseph June 28, 1898, and July II opened an office for the practice of law. In addition to the practice of his profession Mr. Schless is editor of the Jewish Weekly Review and has gained a high, reputation in their field. A position in the front rank of attorneys and writers is predicted for him. He seph and engaged with the J. B. Brady Carpet Company, where he has since remained, his strict integrity and fine business qualifications raising him to the high position he now holds in this large concern. The enviable place held by Mr. Robinson has been attained by earnest effort and the ex- ercise of extraordinary business sa- gacity, combined with unswerving fi- delity to his friends. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 489 JOHN H. TRICE, police commis- sioner, was born in St. Joseph Janu- ary 5, i86s, the son of Tandy H. and Martha (Thornburg) Trice. Tandy H. Trice, one of the best known and most highly esteemed men in Bu- chanan county, is the son of Rev. Samuel Trice, a Virginian by birth, who was prominent in the Christian years. John H. Trice, our subject, graduated from the St. Joseph high school in the class of 1880. He car- ried newspapers while attending school; subsequently held a clerkship in the Missouri Pacific freight depot, engaged in the real estate business during the boom and then became a manufacturer's agent and broker, his JOSEPH T. DAVENPORT. church in Northwest Missouri, and lines being teas and cigars. He was who died suddenly while delivering an appointed police commissioner by exhortation in the famous Old Log Governor Stone in May, 1894, and re- Church in Clinton county. Tandy appointed by Governor Stephens in Trice was born in Marion county, 1897. Kentucky, and reared in Clinton coun- ty, Missouri, where he married Miss JOSEPH R. PATTERSON, print- er, was born at Leavenworth, Kan. Thornburg. He came to St. Joseph m ^^^^ ^^ g^ j^^^p^ -^ ^g^. ^f^^^ 1863 and engaged in the dry goods ^^-^^^ educated at the public schools business. In 1884 he was elected he learned the printer's trade and is re- county collector on the Democratic garded as an artistic job printer and ticket, which position he held four pressman. 490 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. JOSEPH D. SMITH, one of the oldest and mos'- successful physi- cians in St. Joseph, was born at Oak Hill, Va., Aug. i8, T828, and graduated from the University of Louisville in 1849. During the war he served first as surgeon of the Ninth cavalry, M. S. M., and during 1862-65 as brigade sur- geon on the staff of General Totten. Located in St. Joseph after the war. Preston & Swenson. Married Sarah Crow of Gentry County; has two chil- dren living, Elmer Nathaniel and Car- rie May. Is a Democrat, an Odd Fel- low and member of the Modern Wood- men of America, and the Fraternal KENDALL B. RANDOLPH, at- torney at law, was born in Atlanta, Logan County, III., Oct. 10, 1837; DR. C. B. SIMCOE. Was married in Howard county, Missouri, June 15, 1854, to Martha, daughter of Judge Abiel Leonard. MARION P. GARTIN, dealer in fuel and feed, Nineteenth and Olive streets, was born July 17, 1859, in Gentry County, the son of Nathaniel and Clementine (Steele) Gartin, farm- ers. Attended the public schools; came to St. Joseph in 1887 and traveled for came to DeKalb County, Mo., locat- ing at Maysville, where he began the practice of law in 18882; in 1885 and '86 was prosecuting attorney of De- Kalb County; -in 1888 he removed to St. Joseph. Mr. Randolph is a staunch Republican and has three times been nominated by his party for circuit judge. He was married in Maysville, May 3, 188s to Miss Addie Weatherby and they have three children. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 491 JOSEPH SESSFORD BROWNE, assistant postmaster, was born at Washington, D. C, Aug. 23, 1836, the son of James and Sarah Jane (Sess- ford) Browne. His father, a native of Pennsylcania, was a printer, and later engaged in the drug business. Our subject attended the common schools at Hillsborough, O., learned printing, and subsequently became a practical pharmacist. He came to St. Joseph in September, 1857, and for a number of years was connected with the wholesale drug house of Pennick & Loving. During the war he was an officer in the militia. He is a Repub- lican in politics and has been assistant postmaster under five incumbents of that office: Posegate, Tracy, Evans, Ernst and Atkinson; was also office deputy under Sheriff Andriano. He is high in Masonic circles and a member of the following bodies: St. Joseph lodge No. 78, A. F. & A. M., St. Jo- seph Royal Arch Chapter, No. 14; St. Joseph Council, No. 9, Royal a:nd Se- lect Masters; St. Joseph Commandery No. 4, K. T. ; Moila Temple, N. M. S., . and St. Joseph Chapter No 198, O. E. S. He was elected grand master of the grand council, R. S. M., in 1873, grand high priest of the grand chapter in 1876, grand master of the Masonic grand lodge in 1879, and grand com- mander of the Missouri commandery, K. T, in 1886, when the triennial con- clave was held at St. Louis, and was the first man to hold these four posi- tions. He was elected grand patriarch ■ of the order Eastern Star in Missouri in i8g6, and in the same year was a representative in the imperial council of America, NoblcN of the Mystic Shrine, at Cleveland. Captain Browne was married April 7, 1863, in St. Jo- seph, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis and Harriet Stigers. There were five children of this union, four of whom are living. WILLIAM H. CRAFT contrac- tor, was born Sept. 26, 1839 in Boleton County, Va., and was educated in the public schools of his native state, where he remained until Oct. 1865, when he came to St. Joseph and took up the business of contracting and building, which he has followed since. He was married in St. Joseph, May, 1870, to Miss Annie E. Badger, daugh- ter of Joseph E., and Rachel Badger. Three children have been born to them, all of whom an living. RICHARD HORIGAN was born in Ireland Sept. 9, 1843, and came to America with his parents in 1848. lo- cating in Norwich, Conn., where he received his education. In 1861 he en- listed in the Sixty-third New York volunteers, serving till Sept. i6, 1864. He then spent two years in Philadel- phia, after which, in 1866, he came to St. Joseph and engaged in merchan- dising, at which he was very success- ful. He was deputy United States rev- enue collector under Harrison's ad- ministration, and deputy county treas- urer, managing the affairs of the office to which Harry Cox had been elected. Mr. Horigan was married to Miss Anna Whealon in 1871; they have four sons and one daughter. JOHN M. STEWART, attorney at law, was born in Fayette county, Ken- tucky, and came to St. Joseph in 1874, where he engaged in the practice of his profession, meeting with good suc- cess. Judge Stewart is a Democrat, and in 1886 he was elected by his party to the office of probate judge, which position he held till 1894. He is au- thority on probate matters and is very often consulted by parties interested in that court. 492 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CHARLES FREDERICK DIEN- GER, until recently local agent of the Ferd Heim Brewing Company of Kansas City, deserves a word of praise in this history, for he has achieved a great measure of success in the sphere of .business for one of his age. He is the son of Ernst W. Dienger, a substantial citizen, who school of the Church of the Immacu- late Conception, and then attended the Christian Brothers' college, graduat- ing with high honors. Subsequently he graduated from the St. Joseph Business University. He is therefore well grounded in the prime requisite to commercial success. When the American Brewery Company of St. CHARLES F. DIENGER, came to America from Germany and worked his way to the posi- tion of influence in the community. His mother's maiden name was Caro- line Beck, a native of Buchanan coun- ty. She died some years ago. Charles F. Dienger was born on the Beck farm, three miles east of St. Joseph, March 25. 1874, and is therefore in his twenty-fifth year. He obtained the rudiments of education at the parish Louis established an agency in St. Jo- seph he was employed in the office and soon rose to the position of book- keeper and cashier, a position which he held for two years. When the American company withdrew its agency from St. Joseph Mr. Dienger engaged with the Heim Company and for five years successfully man- aged the agency here, building up a large and profitable business, not only BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. in St. Joseph, but in the surrounditig territory. Recently he resigned to en- gage in business for himself. Mr. Dienger has an enviable reputation among the business men, who regard him as a coming star. Personally and socially he is popular to a high de- gree. Politically he is a conservative Republican and in the matter of re- ligion he adheres to the faith of his fathers— the Roman Catholic. FRANK A. ■ MOORE, secretary and treasurer of the Comb Printing Company, was born in Doniphan county, Kansas, Aug. ii, 1858, and came to St. Joseph in 1864, where he attended school. For eighteen years he was a clerk with the dry goods house of Chambers & Marney, but in 1889 he united himself with the Combe Printing Co. and has displayed great ability as a business man in his ca- pacity of secretary and treasurer, as is shown by the wonderful growth of that institution. Mr. Moore is a Re- publican. He was married in June, 1883, to Miss Laura Smith. SAMUEL B. HITT. — The late Judge Hitt w£s born in Fauquier Co,. Virginia, Dec. 2, 1832, moved with his parents to Kentucky when a boy and went thence to Osborn, De Kalb county, Missouri, where he worked as a telegraph operator for the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company, and then went into business. He subse- quently resided in Clinton county, where he was a judge of the county court. He came to St. Joseph in 1887. During his residence here he was con- nected with John S. Emery and Town.- send & Wyatt. He was nominated by the Democrats for judge of the county court for the Second district, but was defeated, November, 1898, by Judge Saltzman. During this campaign he fell ill and, after a heroic struggle. 493 died Feb. 12, 1899. He was married in Carroll county, Kentucky, in 1862, to Miss Hannah DeWeese, and four chil- dren were born to them— Bruce, Ar- thur J., James C. and Mrs. Florence McCarthy of Louisville, Ky. CHARLES PETTEPIER, grocer, 2420 South Sixth street, was born in Befort, Alsace, France, April 24, 1839. He came to America in 1846 with his parents, who located at Buffalo, N. Y. After living in Ohio, Indiana and Iowa Mr. Pettepier came to St. Jo- seph March 17, i860, where he en- gaged in farming on the old Fowler place. Since June 1897 he has been in the grocery business. He was in the state militia during the civil war. He was married March 22, 1866, to Miss Elizabeth Binnicker, and they have had six children, only two of whom are living. JOHN B. TALBOTT. proprietor of the Gait House, has resided in St. Joseph during the greater portion of his life. He conducted the old Gait House, which occupied the site of the general offices of the Burlington sys- tem, and then purchased the old Allen house .at Fourth and Sylvan.ie streets, which he remodeled and which he has maintained as an excellent hotel since ATHANASIUS J. BRUNNER, baker and confectioner, 524 South Seventeenth, was born in Switzerland May I, 1842, and came to America in 1866, locating in Louisville, Ky. He came to St. Joseph in 1879 and en- gaged in the bakery business, in which he has been highly successful. Mr. Brunner was married in Louisville in 1869 to Miss Katie Schneider, a na- tive of Bavaria, and they have eight children living. 494 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. PEMBROKE V. WISE, lawyer and solicitor, 415 Francis street, was born near Frankfort, Ky., June 27, 1833. His father, John Wise, born in Virginia, was a farmer and hotel keep- er, and his mother was a native of Kentucky. Mr. Wise received the rudiments of education in the common schools and then took up a course of the Thirty-first United States infantry. He participated in fifteen battles and numerous skirmishes. He belongs to no political party now, but believes in expansion, in holding all the islands acquired during the Spanish-American war and in the construction of the Nicaragua canal. Captain Wise was first married on April 10, 1853, to Miss P. V. WISE. profitable reading which has made him one of the best posted men in this community. He was a gold miner in California in 1849 and 1850. Subse- quently he went to Wisconsin, where he read law, and began to practice at Beetown, in Grant county. When the war broke out he enlisted in Company F of the Three Months' Riflemen, First Wisconsin infi^ntry, volunteers, next in -the Thirty-seventh infantry, Wisconsin volunteers, and finally in Elizabeth G. Hammond, a native of Pike county, Missouri, who died in this city Jan. 18, 1899, and by whom he had four children, one of whom, Vir- gil, survives. He was again married May 16, 1899, to Mrs. Rebecca Bean. Captain Wise came to St. Joseph in November, 1869, and has been en- gaged in the practice of law, in loan and insurance, in looking after pension claims, bounty claims and patents, and is also a real estate broker. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 495 JAMES NELSON BURNES, who represented this district in congress from 1882 to 1889, was one of the ablest men in the history of Missouri. He was born in Indiana Aug. 22, 1827, and came to the Platte Purchase in 1837 with his father, James Burnes; was educated in the best schools of the section and then went to Harvard, graduating from the law school in 1852. Locating at Weston in Platte county he soon took front rank in his profession, and was elected circuit at- torney in 1855. He had a great talent for business and was interested in va- rious enterprises, notably in projecting and building railroads, bridges and water works in this section, and in the promotion of public interests gener- ally. In 1869 he was elected judge of the court of common pleas of Platte county, which he held until 1872, when he resigned and located in St. Joseph. In 1882 he was elected to congress and re-elected in 1884, 1886 and 1888. He served with distinction and was one of the foremost members on the Democratic side. On Jan. 23, 1889, he was stricken with paralysis while uttering the first words of a speech on the floor of the house, and died at his hotel in Washington on the following day. He was married early in life to Mary, the daughter of Phine- as Skinner, a Kentucky gentleman. Into this union two sons, Daniel D. and Calvin C, were born. The form- er, a lawyer of marked ability, repre- sented this district in congress during 1893-95; the latter, after a brilliant busi- ness career for one of his age, died Nov. 20, 1893. Mrs. James N. Burnes and her son, D. D., live at Ayr Lawn, a charming country home south of the city. SAMUEL D. PRYOR, leader of Pryor's Military Band, was born at Liberty, Mo., May 22, 1844, and came to St. Joseph in 1854, Studied music under able instructors in St. Louis and Chicago; organized his band in 1865, and has played in the principal Western cities, gaining much favor- able comment. His son Arthur is with Sousa, the famous bandmaster, and is known as the leading trom- bone soloist of the counutry. Mr. Pryor was married Nov. 29, 1866, to Miss M. A. Coker. WILLIAM DE VORSS, 706 South Ninth street, was born in Ohio, June 22, 1829, and came to St. Joseph in 1842, where for seven years he con- ducted a livery business. He is a Dem- ocrat, and was deputy sheriff for four years and court crier in the United States court ten years, a position he still holds. Mr. De Vorss was wedded to Miss Mary F. Smith in September, 1852, and two sons and two daughters were born of the union, all of whom are living. CHRISTIAN BOCK, dealer in general merchandise at 1501 South Tenth street, was born in Germany January IS, 1847. In 1864 he came to America with his mother, brother and sisters, and located in St. Joseph, en- gaging in merchandising, which he still follows. Mr. Bock has been successful as a business man and has built up a large trade. He was mar- ried in 1874 to Miss Agnes Yaeck and they have had two boys and three girls, all living. CHARLES ZONDLER, proprietor of the saloon at 733 South Eigth street, is a native of St. Joseph, where he was born Nov. 24, 1874. His parents were Henry and Mary (Schneider) Zondler, both natives of Germany. Mr. Zondler was reared and ed- ucated in St. Joseph, and is an enter- prising young business man. 496 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. W. L. CRAIG, the veteran black- smith, who died December 26, 1898, was born in Rock Castle county, Ken- tncky, December 19, 1823, and was, therefore, a few days more than 75 years old. After learning the black- smith trade and working at several places he came to St. Joseph in 1855, LYMAN W. FORGRAVE, city building inspector, was born in Ohio July 10, 1844. After attending school in Ohio he came west, locating in Iowa, and at the breaking out of the civil war, entered the volunteer service as a member of what was known as Gen. Dodge's band of the Third brig- DR. O. C. SEIBBRT. living here constantly, with the excep- tion of five years. He was an ex- pert at his trade and a man much loved by his friends. He was married in Washington county, Kentucky, in 1844, to Miss Elizabeth Shoemaker, and they had a large family, notably James Y. and Robert A., both well known horseshoers. ade, Fourth division. Fifteenth army corps. He was mustered out at Louis- ville in 186s, and engaged in the con- tracting business. He came to St. Jo- seph in 1888, and for two years has held the position of building inspector. Mr. Forgrave was married in Leon, la., Jime 18, 1871, to Miss Nannie A. Sales, and they have four boys. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 497 JAUES ASHTQN MILLAN, real estatd;3i7 Edmond street, was born in Lanciter county, Kentucky, April 20, 1826, !nd went to Palmyra, Mo., with his patents in 1831; was apprenticed to learn fte printing business in 1843, and ater three years took charge of the "l«|issouri Statesman" at Colmbia, Mo., a^ foreman and local editor, and in 1850 established the "Missouri Sen- tinel" Jt that place. In 1853 removed to St. Joseph and purchased the "Ad- venture," a weekly paper published by Emery Livermore on Main street, changeQ the name to that of "Com- mercial Cycle,'' a few years afterwards selling out to E. C. Davis; engaged for a short time in the dry goods business, then established a job printing office; the closing year of the civil war estab- lished the "Missouri Vindicator," a weekly Democratic newspaper, after- wards published as a daily. After sev- eral years sold out, and established the "Missouri Reflector," also a Dem- ocratic weekly, which he finally sold and the plant was removed to Platts- burg and is now published as the "Plattsburg Lever." He was the first Secretary of the school board, estab- lished the first job printing office, book bindery and blank book manu- factory, bringing to the city the first power job press, then a great curiosity, established also the first exclusive dry goods store in the city. Mr. Millan has also held the positions of city as- sessor, recorder of deeds and judge of the county court. He- was married October 7, 1852, to Mary E. Barnett, daughter of Rev. Wm. H. Bamett. Six children were born to them, three of whom are living. FRANK M. BRINSON was born September 16, 1832, at Milford, Deca- tur county, Indiana, his father, John Brinson, being a merchant and farm- er. Mr. Brinson got his education in what were known as subscription schools, quite common in those days. In 1850 he left his Indiana home on foot and walked all the way to St. Jo- seph, where he secured employment, and for sixteen years he was engaged with various business houses in this city. He farmed fourteen years, being successful; has now retired from busi- ness. He left this city the day after Sumter was fired on and joined the Sixteenth Indiana, serving in the Shenandoah valley under Banks and was with McDowell at Centerville and Mannasses Junction. Mr. Brinson was married December 25, 1865, in Buchanan County to a daughter of Hiram and Mary Gilbert. They have two sons, Willis G., local manager of the Postal Telegraph Company, and Frank M., jr., chief operator in the of- fice of that company. FERDINAND H. DUVE, saloon- keeper, is the son of the late Henry Duve, one of St. Joseph's foremost German-Americans. Our subject was born in St. Joseph Jan. 12, 1870, and was educated in the German-English school. His father was a native of Braunschweig, Germany, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mar- garetha Weber, a native of Darm- stadt, Germany. Our subject was married in St. Joseph Dec. 30, 1897. His wife's maiden name was F. Reed- er; she was born in Illinois April 25, 1870. JOHN L. CLAYBORN, member of the police force, is a native of West Virginia, born April 24, 1859. He came to St. Joseph in 1887, and was for some years an attendant at Asylum No. 2. May 2, 1891, he was appointed policeman and has served continuously ever since, making a fine record and winning the esteem of his superiors, his associates and of the public. 498 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. GEORGE L. ROLLINS, expert accountant, is a native of Maryland, born at Frederick July 6, 1870. He is the son of George W. Rollins a native of Concord, N. H., and a manufacturer of guns. His mother, maiden name Louise Leilick, was born at Frederick, Md. Mr. Rollins^ attended the com- mon schools at Keokuk, la., and on 1887; was appointed to be corpaal in September 1887, and promoted to be sergeant in company A, July 6 1888. August I, 1890, Colonel P. W. Mc- Manus signed the warrant that trans- ferred him to the non-commissioned staff as regimental color se-geant. He was discharged in July, 1891, from the Iowa national guard by retson of CAPT. GEORGE L. ROLLINS. July I, 1S89, came to St. Joseph. He was first engaged as assistant cashier of the Burlington Route, then as au- ditor of the St. Joseph Street Railway Company, which position he resigned to go to war, and he is now assistant secretary-treasurer of the Lake Im- provement Company. Our subject has been a military enthusiast for many years. He enlisted as a private in company A, Second regiment, Iowa national guards at Keokuk, April 10, removal to St. Joseph, and re-enlisted as private in company K, Fourth Mis- souri infantry, N. G. M., in March, 1892. He was appointed sergeant by Captain Macdonald, August 2, 1893; was elected second lieutenant by a two-thirds vote of the company in December, 1893; was elected first lieu- tenant unanimously by company K, and commissioned May 14, 1895. May 20, 1896, at the request of Colonel Jo- seph A. Corby, Governor Stephens BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 499 commissioned him captain and adju- tant, crief of regimental staff. April 27, 1898 he answered the president's call for volunteers and Governor Ste- phens a^ain commissioned him cap- tain and adjutant of the Fourth Mis- souri volunteers, in which position he served during the Spanish-American war, and was mustered out with .the regiment at Greenville, S. C., Feb. 10, 1899. During the service Captain Rol- lins was the correspondent of the Globe-Democrat with the Fourth Mis- souri regiment. At Greenville, S. C., and Camp Alger, Va., he was a mem- ber of two generals' courtmartial. During the entire service he was not once on the sick call and missed not a single day of service, except when laid up from injuries received from being kicked by a. staff officers' horse during President McKinley's review at Camp Alger Va. Captain Rollins has served in the national guard for twelve years continuously, working his way to within three ranks of the command of the regiment. His father was major in the Third Wisconsin during the civ- il war, under Thomas H. Ruger, U. S. A., now retired. Captain Rollins was married at Keokuk April 24, 1894, to Miss Katherine Dunbar Miller, born at La Harpe, 111., May 17, 1872. They have two children — Louise, aged three years; and Martha ^L. aged two years. DR. NOAH BOAZ, physician and surgeon, was born in Clay County, Mo., Aug. S, 1844. He removed to Stewartsville in 1854 and to St. Jo- seph in 1866. He had learned the carpenter trade and followed it till 1883, when he graduated from the Northwestern Medical College and began the practice of medicine. He was married Aug. 16, 1864 at Stewarts- ville, Mo., to Miss Sarah M. Ander- son, and they have five children, four of whom are girls, and married. JOHN CHARLES HILL, agent of the W. J. Lemp Brewing Co., was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 3, 1858. He came to St. Joseph in 1879 and in 1882 went into the newspaper business, engaging with the Herald; was ad- vertising solicitor for the Gazette for many years. He severed his connec- tion with that paper in the fall of 1898 to_take the agency he now holds. In politics Mr. Hill is a Republican. He was married Jan. 12, 1881, to Miss Margaret Light, daughter of John G. and Rebecca Light. They have four children, all boys. GEORGE R. MOKEL, live stock and commission merchant, was born August 16, 1855, at New Millport, Pa., the son of Daniel and Alice Jane (Ross) Mokel. Graduated from the State Normal School, came to St. Jo- seph in 1877, and was for many years a comniercial traveler. In 1883 mar- ried at Washington, Lottie, daughter of George W. and Adila Lowry; have one child, Leona, aged thirteen. Mr. Mokel is a National Democrat. Is vice-president of the St. Joseph Live Stock Commission Co. JAMES P. THOMAS, judge of tne probate court of Buchanan county, is a native of Indiana, born Oct. 3, 1844. He came to Platte county in 1857. Having fitted himself for the legal pro- fession he came to St. Joseph in 1867 and began to practice. He was prose- cuting attorney in 1874-76, having been appointed to fill out thjf term of S. Alex. Young, who had resigned. In 1894 he was elected judge of the probate court and in 1898 was re-elect- ed. He was married in St. Joseph in 1870 to Miss Ella Murdock and has four childreij, two boys and two girls. Judge Thomas has won the confidence of the people by his fairness, honesty md ability. 50O BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. KAY GILL PORTER, attorney at law, was born in Lathrop, Mo., April 17, 1873, and is a nephew of Judge Thomas J. Porter, with whom he read law. He came to St. Joseph in 1892 and engaged in the retail dry goods business.- He attended the Plattsburg Mo., and in '58 went to Denver, but returned to Andrew County, where he remained till 1861, when he enlisted in the army and served until June, 1864. In 1877 he started in the transfer and storage business. He was married April 28, 1864 to Miss Mahalah Ann KAY PORTBK. College, the Carthage Collegiate Insti- tute and the Northwestern University, graduating from the latter in 1896, after which he began the practice of law in St. Joseph. He is one of the most successful young lawyers at the Buchanan county bar. AMOS MILTON BROWN, pres- ident of the A. M. Brown Transfer Co., is a native of Christian Co., Ind., where he was born Aug. 10, 1840. In 1853 he removed to Andrew County, Pearson and a son and three daugh- ters have blessed their union. HENRY WEIPERT, saloonkeeper Seventh and Edmond streets, was born in St. Joseph in 1866 and has been located here ever since. After being in various occupations he formed a partnership with August Biller recent- ly and opened The Union saloon. Mr. Weipert was married in ^t. Joseph, Sept. 23, 1896, to Miss Anna M. Biller, who has borne him one child, a son. \ BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 501 DR. \ SILAS McDonald— Bu- chanan county was fortunate in halv- ing annmg its early settlers men of solid woith. They contributed to that excellent, refutation of the county of which it lias ever had just cause to be proud. Of this number no one has contributed a larger share than Dr. McDonald. He was born in Washing- ton county, Kentucky, April 18, 1812. and was there raised. After making choice of the practice of medicine as a profession, he attended his first course in Shelby College of lectures at Tryansalvania Univer- Military Institute, sity. in 1834, and his second course was at the Cincinnati Medical College. In the year 1836 he came to Missouri, and settled in Howard county, and in 1837 made a prospecting tour to Tex- as, but not liking the country, he re- turned, and made his home in this county. In January, 1838, he pre- empted a claim, and at the same time engaged in the active duties of his profession. He was the first physician to settle in what is now known as Bu- chanan county. Dr. McDonald is a man of acknowledged ability, as a physician, and his sehvices as such are recognized by a host of appreciative friends. His kind and sympathetic na- ture made him a welcome visitor in the sick room, and when in active practice, his calls were numerous and remote. He is well known throughout the county, and the respect shown him is as wide as his acquaintance. He has ridden hundreds of miles to administer to the necessities of the poor, at all seasons of the year, without any ex- pectation of compensation. Day and olina. Among their children living are Mrs. C. B. France, Mrs. Ernest Lind- say, John T.. William F., Silas and Alexander. JOHN S. LOGAN was born in Shelbyville, Ky., June 25, 1830. His father, Thomas Logan, was of Scotch- Irish parentage and was a successful dry goods merchant. He married Frances Sublette of Woodford county, Kentucky. Our subject was educated and the Kentucky In 1857 he came to St. Joseph with his stepfather, James L. O'Neill, his mother, his sister, Mrs. Mary Lykens and three stepsisters — now Mrs. W. J. Fairleigh, Mrs. Vir- ginia Weakly and Mrs. Milton Tootle. He read medicine with Dr. Alexander Schue, a celebrated man in his day, graduated from the Kentucky School of Medicine and then attended Jefferson Medical College at Philadel- phia. During the war he served as a surgeon in the United States army for three years, in hospitals at St. Louis, Louisville, Jeffersonville, Ind., Camp Holt, near New .Albany, Ind.. and Camp Gamble, near St. Louis. He made a valuable discovery in the treat- ment of gangrene, by using bromine, which was afterwards used extensively in both armies. After the war he farmed in Buchanan and Andrew counties and then engaged in various financial ventures which were success- ful. He owns large bodies of land in Southern Missouri and in Texas and is a man of affairs. On November 20, night he answered calls, regardless of 1862, Dr. Logan was married to Miss Emma P. Cotton, a native of Wood- ford county, Kentucky, by whom he has six children, all boys — Charles the pecuniary circumstances of the summoner. ,He retired from active practice many years ago, but his suc- cess in treating dropsy brings him into frequent demand yet. Oct. 30. 1839, Dr. McDonald was married to Miss Sarah Dennell, a native of North Car- Cotton, Thomas Trabue, John Sub- lette, Jr., Frank Puryear, Lewis Sub- lette, and Milton Tootle, all of whom rre living. 502 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JOEL V. D. PATCH, portrait ar- tist, is a native of Brookline, Vt., born Jan. 30, 1843. Mr. Patch graduated from Ellington Academy, Ellington, N. Y., in 1861, and, giving bent to his artistic instincts, attended the famous Cooper Institute in New York city. He began painting first in Ellington in 1859 and has followed the profession E. Reed. One boy and three girls were born to them, all of whom are living. Mr. Patch's home and studio is at 820 Jule street. ISAAC R. FARRIS, wagonmaker, IZ08 Sacramento street, is a native of Indiana, and was born Nov. 21, 1836. He is a son of William and Anna HARRY G. FRY. of a portrait artist ever since. He came to St. Joseph in 1893 and has made portraits of a large number of prominent people that have attract- ed much attention. Among these may be mentioned one of Bishop Hogan and another of John L. Bittinger, both of which were for a time on public ex- hibtion, and were greatly admired. Mr. Patch was married in 1865 in Ne- braska City, Neb., to Miss Piirlie (Coulter) Farris, both of Kentucky. Mr. Farris came to the Platte Pur- chase in 1840 and located in Center township, Buchanan county, where he remained until 1881, when he came to St. Joseph and engaged in his business of woodworker and wagonmaker. He was married Dec. 2, 1864, to Miss Abigail Deartherage,a native of North Carolina, who, with their three chil- dren, is still living. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 503 EDWARD R. BRANDOW, de- ceased, was born in New York city Dec. I, 1830. His father was Harvey Brandow, a shipsmith, born in Green county, New York, and his mother, Mary Ray in maidenhood, was born at Hudson. N. Y. Early in life the sub- ject of this sketch showed great talent for mathematics, and his father gave him every advantage in his power to bring this talent to practical perfec- tion, sending him to the Hudson Academy, a school of local fame, and also providing for instruction in Prof. Cockburn's private school. As a re- sult Mr. Brandow became an expert accountant, and in his day ranked among the foremost specialists in this line. Commerce was his chosen field of labor and he began his life's work in earnest in 1850. After spending ' some years successfully in the east he came to St. Joseph in the spring of 1858 as the advance agent of the Northwestern Fur Company, and re- mained until his death, holding va- rious positions of high trust and re- sponsibility. During the war he was a staunch Union mr\n. He was, how- ever, always an imswerving Dem- ocrat, and as such was elected to the city council in 1866. He was' an en- thusiast on the subject of volunteer fire departments and was a leading spirit among the local organizations in their palmy days, and he was "for eight years the chief of the department here, a position of honor and importance. Mr. Brandow was married at Ottawa, 111., to Miss Harriet Prescott, daugh- ter of Mark Hollis Prescott and Pris- cilla Bartlett. Mrs. Brandow was born at Kingston, Me., and is yet liv- ing. Four children sprang from this union, all of whom ar^ living — Hollis P., Benjamin R., M?.ry, now Mrs. An- toine Muzarelli, and Edward R., Jr. Mr. Brandow died August 4, iSpS- HORATIO N. TURNER, retired merchant, was born in Rochester, N. Y., in 1819, and came to St. Joseph in 1859; engaged in general merchandis- ing i860 to 1876. He was educated in country schools; was officer of militia during the war; is a Republican, and was in the city council in 1863, city treasurer 1868 to 1870, city collector '76 to '78, and street commissioner '82 to 84. He .was treasurer of the Mis- souri River Bridge Company and was a member of the school board twenty years. He married Miss Matilda Newland, in Indiana, in 1842, who died in 1853. One son, Ira N., lives at San Antonio, Tex,, a daughter died in 1867. Mr. Turner is a Mason. PERRY W. NOLAND, dealer m wood and coal, 813 Patee street, was born at DeKalb, Buchanan County, Nov. 22, 1847. He engaged in mer- chandise and milling at Halleck. For fourteen years, from 1868 to 1882, he was justice of the peace, and later was deputy sheriff two years and deputy constable of Washington township two years. He was married April 4, 1868, to Miss Mary E. Murphy, also a native of Buchanan county, and three boys and one girl were born to them, only one of whom, a boy, is now living. CLAUDE M. WHITE, advertising manager of the St. Joseph Herald, is a native of St. Joseph, born in 1875. He attended the public schools, gradu- ating from the high school in 1893. He at once engaged in newspaper work and has been a reporter on' the Daily News and Daily Herald, rank- ing high in his profession. In 1898 he was placed in charge of the adver- tising department of the Herald, and has added many new friends to his al- ready large list from among the busi- ness men of the city. 504 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. GRANT S. WATKINS, attorney at law, 413 Francis street, was born at Nelsonville, O., Feb. 15, 1864. and is the son of E. N. and Clarissa (Peugh) Watkins. He was educated in the common schools at Troy, Kan., at Highland University, and at the Atch- ison Normal Institute, from which he was graduated in 1880. He engaged Miss Tillie Druhn, who died Dec. 20, 1892. He was again married to Miss Jennie Gekeler in St. Joseph, Aug. 30, 1898. Mrs. Watkins is the daughter of John and Mary Gekeler, and was born at Buffalo, N. Y., May 18, 1874. ARTHUR A. STEWART, com- mercial printer, 912 Frederick avenue, GRANT S. WATKINS. in teaching school, farming, clerking in a hardware store, and then decided to adopt the Jaw as a profession. He came to St. Joseph in May, 1891, and, having thoroughly fitted himself, he was admitted to the bar and began to practice in February, 1892, since which time he has taken a high rank in his profession and established a good practice. Mr. Watkins was first mar- ried May 13, 1891, at Leona, Kan., to was born in Indiana, Sept. 7, 1867. He was educated in the public schools of Iowa and then learned the art of job printing, in which he now excels. After living at Lyons, Kan., for eleven years, Mr. Stewart came to St. Joseph in 1895 and began a' business which has steadily grown. He was married at Sterling, Kan. in 1889 to Miss Em- ma M. Royer, who has borne him two children, a boy and a girl, both living. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 505 DONALD ROSS, proprietor of the Commercial hotel, Sixth and Angel- ique streets, was born on Prince Ed- ward's Island, and went to Boston Mass., in 1858. He enlisted in com- pany A, Ninth Massachusetts volun- teer infantry. May 16, i86i, and served till July 4, 1864, after being in all the hard battles of the east, including An- tietum, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville and the Wilderness, where he was wounded; was pro- moted on the field at Fredericksburg. He came to St. Joseph in 1871 and fol- lowed railroading for twelve years, after which he engaged in the hotel business. Mr. Ross is prominent in the Knights of Pythias, Odd Fellows and Free Masons. He was married July 4, 1876, in Kansas City to Miss Annie McCrory, and she has borne him one daughter, Neta,. now thirteen years old. JOHN M. NICHOLS, general agent of the Wells-Fargo Express Company, was born at Webster, Ind., November 11, 1849. He came to St. Joseph in 1870, and was em- ployed by the Wells-Fargo Express Company for seven years. Then he was for a year with the American Ex- press Company, and from 1888 till 189s served the Pacific Company. In 1895 he was appointed general agent a^ St. Joseph for the Wells-Fargo Com- pany, the position he now holds. Mr. Nichols was married in Hiawatha, Kan., in December, 1872, to Miss Esther J. Olds, and they have three children. DR. SPIER RICHMOND, coron- er of Buchanan county, was born in South Carolina in 1867 and is a son of Dr. J. M. Richmond. He came to St. Joseph at the age of ' six years; graduated from St. Joseph high school at the age of 17, and at 19 commenced the study of medicine with his father as preceptor. In 1891 he graduated from the Ensworth Medical College, St. Joseph, and afterwards attended medical schools in New York one year. He entered upon the practice here with his father in 1893 and is suc- cessful, especially in surgery. In .1896 he was elected county coroner, and in 1898 was re-elected. J. W. ATWILL, miner of and dealer in coal, was born in Boston, Mass., in February, 1844, where he was well ed- ucated and fitted for a business career. At the beginning of the civil war, though very young, Mr. Atwill enlist- ed in the Twenty-fourth Massachusets volunteers. For meritorious conduct he was promoted to a lieutenancy and transferred to the N. C. Union volun- teer regiment, of which he soon be- came lieutenant colonel, being mus- tered out as such in 1865. He then en- gaged in mercantile pursuits in St. Louis until 1870, when he came here. He was for eight years general freight and ticket afent of the St. Joseph & Denver railroad, and then engaged in the coal business. He is a niember of the Hyatt Coal Company. Mr. Atwill is a Republican in politics and repre- sented the old Fourth ward in the city council in 1880-82. He has also been a member of the board of managers of the free public library. JOSHUA P. BENNET, boots and shoes, was born in Gallatin county, Kentucky, Dec. 19, 1848. When only a boy he enlisted and was sergeant of company E, One Hunderdth and For- tieth Indiana voUinteers. He came to St. Joseph in 1869 and has since been engaged in the boot and shoe busi- ness. Mr. Bennett was married in Peoria, 111., Sept. 2, 1878, to Miss May Barclay and they have two boys, aged eighteen and fifteen years respectively. So6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. JAMES K. GRAHAM is a native of East Tennessee; born at Tazewell, Claiborne county, January 6, 1859. He came to Missouri in 1880, locating at Camden Point; began the study of medicine, attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons at St. Joseph, from which he graduated in 1882. He subsequently attended WILLIAM BOYD TULLAR, horseshoer, was born March 3, 1842, at Point Pleasant, W. Va., the son of Valencourt and Sarah (Jones) Tullar. The family came to St. Joseph in 1844. Our subject learned the blacksmith's trade, was in the Confederate army, spent some years in the mountains and then located permanently in St. Jo- L. B. CAKTBR. the University of Maryland, at Balti- more. He began the practice of medi- cine in Lee county, Virginia, but soon returned to Buchanan county and open-ed an office at Halleck, where he remained several years. Dr. Graham is now health officer of St. Joseph. He was married in Halleck April 30, 1884, to Miss Mary Robinson and one boy and four girls have been born to them. seph. He is a Democrat and has held the positions of chief of police of St. Joseph, constable of Washington township and deputy sheriff. He was married in this city in 1884. Mrs. Tullar's maiden name was Ellen B. Hunt, born in Lexington, Mo. They have had two children, James N. Burnes Tullar, who died at the age of five months, and Maiy, now aged two years. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 507 WILLIAM BlfRTON PISTOLE, attorney at law, 313 German-Ameri- can Bank building, was born July 29, 1873, near Hopkins, Mo. His father, Stephen C, settled in Nodaway coun- ty, in 1843. Our subject attended school in his native county and was part owner and teacher in the North- western Normal at Stanberry. He graduated from the law school of Har- vard University in 1898, after reading law with Hon. W. C. Ellison oi Mary- ville. He located in St. Joseph July 12, 1898, forming a partnership with R. L. Nichols. Mr. Pistole was mar- ried at Stanberry Jan. 21, 1894, to Miss Nora Brooks. CHARLES F. ENRIGHT, agent ol John J. Tootle, was born in St. Jo- seph Oct. 23, 1866. After attending school he entered the Burnes bank in cashier, which position he held till 1898, when he resigned to take charge of the financial affairs of Mr. John J. Tootle, the position he now holds. Mr. Enright was married Jan. 25, 1893, to Miss Jennie Fairleigh, and two boys were born to them, one of whom, Charles P., jr., died recently at the age of seven months. DAVID H. HATFIELD, constable of Washington Township, was born in Ross County, Ohio, Feb. 12, 1847. He attended school in Ohio, and Sept. 3, 1861, enlisted in the 'fhirty-first Ohio Infantry, serving until July 20, 1865. He was in twenty-one general engage- ments, among them the battle of Chickamauga. He came to St. Joseph March 17, 1872, and was in the livery and horse dealing business till 1890. He then acted as special police till 1897. In the fall of 1898 he was elect- ed constable on the Republican ticket. He was married to Miss Susan Epper- son Oct. 3, 1873, and they have three children, two sons and a daughter. PALMER L. CLARK, the well known promoter and manager of rac- ing events and the old fashioned fair, is a native of Wisconsin, born March 30, 1858. He lived for many years at Chi- cago and is a thorough business man. He has successfully managed many en- terprises and is known throughout the nation as a man of affairs. He was married at Chicago in 1891. Mrs. Clark, whose maiden name was Sadie E. Merryman, is a native of Virginia. GEORGE H. WYATT, of the firm of Brady & Wyatt, feed and fuel deal- ers, was born in St. Joseph, Nov. 14, 1864, and is a son of Elder Joseph J. Wyatt, whose name figures conspicu- ously in the political and religious history of this community. Mr. Wyatt has been engaged in his present line for many years. Politically he is a Democrat and he held the position of coal oil inspector during i89S-97- In 1890 he was married to Miss Ensworth Herndon, a native of St. Joseph, and two children — girls — bless their home. JOHN H. CAREY, farmer and ex- sheriff, Agency township, was born in Ireland, June 12, 1836, the son of Pat- rick and Mary (Hartwell) Carey. He came with his parents to St. Louis in 1848. In 1855 he came to Buchanan county and engaged in farming. He was elected judge of the county court and served two years, 1878-80. In 1884 he was elected sheriff and served two years. Judge Carey has been, and is, an active and influential Democrat, and during the campaign of 1898 did telling and effective work as chairman of the Democratic county central com- mittee. He was married in 1869 to Miss Nancy Gilmore, born in Clay county, and they have three children — all girls. Judge Carey has been highly successful as a farmer and breeder of fine stock. So8 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JAMES M. JOHNSON of the law firm of Johnson, Rusk and Stringfel- low, is a native of St. Joseph, where he was born in July, 1862. Graduated from the St. Joseph high school, then read law with Crosby & Rusk and was admitted to the bar in January, 1884. After a short association with W. K. James, he formed a partnership with J. M. Wilson, and in 1893 joined the firm of Dowe, Johnson & Rusk, the Mr. Craighill was ^gaged in dairying up to the time he was appointed city license inspector, April 17, 1899. He is a Democrat. LOUIS STRECKEBEIN, SR., re- tired- was born in Germany May I, 1839. He was educated and learned the tailor's trade in the old country; in 1857 he came to America. During the war he fought on the Union side, JAMBS M. JOHNSON. predecessors of the present firm. Mr. Johnson is successful as a finaiicial agent and collector, and enjoys the patronage of a large number of prom- inent business houses and corpora- tions. CHARLES L. CRAIGHILL, li- cense inspector, was born in Doniphan county, Kansas, March 28, 1861, the son of Samuel J. and Sarah (Barrow) Craighill. His father was born in Vir- ginia and his mother in Maryland. The family came to St. Joseph in 1862. and after being discharged came to St. Joseph. He engaged in the saloon business and then opened New Ulm park, which he developed and where he lived for sixteen years. In 1882 he built Streckebein's hall, at Eighth and Charles streets, where he conducted a saloon and garden until 1895, when he retired. He was married in 1865. and his wife died in 1889, leaving him two children — Louis, jr., now local agent of the Heim Brewing Company, and Mrs. L. C. Lange, of this city. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 509 WILLIAM WEHRMAN, tinner, 119 North Second street, was born in Germany July 15, 1858. In 1870 he came to America, locating at once at St. Joseph, where he learned his trade and where he has since made his home. May 20, 1880, Mr. Wehrman was united in marriage to Miss Rosa Anna Knapp and two boys and four girls, all living, have been born to them. ERNEST L. SMITH, machinist, was born in Charlottsville, Va., Au- gust 12, 1869. When a youth he came to Missouri and attended the Pilot Grove (Mo.) Collegiate Institute, from which he graduated in 1887. A year later he came to St. Joseph and learned the machinist trade. He has for many years been bookkeeper for the Bielhen Foundry and Machine Company. Mr. Smith was married April 18, 1890, to Miss Mary Salmon, who has borne him two children, a girl and a boy. DAVID L. KNIGHT was born in Dayton, O., November 24, 1854, and came to St. Joseph -m 1886, engaging in the newspaper business as traveler for the St. Joseph Herald. He is at present salesman for a large stove and range manufactory. Mr. Knight was married in St. Joseph November 27, 1892, to Miss Flora Johns and one child, a boy, has been born to them. GEORGE O. RICHARDSON, wholesale dealer in machinery, 310-312 South Fourth street, was born in Ohio, September 13, 1839, and came to St. Joseph in 1868. His name is promi- nent throughout the country and he is one of the most extensive dealers in machinery in the West. He was mar- ried at Indianapolis in 1878, to Mrs. Emma L. Sherwood, who died in 1896, leaving him a daughter. BENJAMIN L. HELSLEY, depu- ty county collector, was born in St. Jo- seph Feb. 12, 1871, and is the son of the late Captain Phil W. Helsley, a native of Shenandoah count, Virginia, and a contractor and leading Democrat in St. Joseph. Our subject attended the Steinacker, Washington and high schools, and then engaged in street paving and general contracting, in connection with his brothers. He is a Democrat and high in the party coun- cils; was secretary of the county cen- tral committee four years. July 28, 1892, he was married to iSIiss Lena Roberts, born near DeKalb, this coun- ty, and the daughter of Mr, and Mrs. F. M. Roberts. They have one child, a girl. Mr. Helsley waa recently elect- ed Grand Sachem by the State Council of Red Men. FRANK M. LEMMON, special deputy surveyor of customs, was born at Cincinnati, O., Jan. 4, 1858, the son of Alexander H. and Caroline (Rey- nolds) Lemmon. His father was a na- tive of New London, Pa., and his mother was born at Cincinnati. Mr. Lemmon came to St. Joseph in Octo- ber, 1882. He is a Republican. In 1896 he was elected to the council from the Third ward, and served as president of that body. HOMER H. CARR of the firm of Filt & Carr, architects, is a native of Greenfield, Ind,, born March 21, i87S- He was educated in Indianapolis, graduating from the high school in 1891. Acquiring the profession of an architect he came to St. Joseph in 1897, forming the present partnership, and locating in the Ballinger building. Mr. Carr was married January 8, 1896, at Grenfield, his bride being Miss RoSe L. Smith. He resides at 1126 Henry street. 510 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. FATHER POWER— The Rev. Jas. Power was a pioneer Catholic priest in the wilderness of Northwest Missouri, who laid the foundation for a great work, and who lived to see it unfold and expand far beyond his expecta- tions. Father Power was born in County Waterford, Ireland, May 13, 181S, and died at the Christian Broth- ers' College in St. Joseph May 5, 1899. He was ordained in Philadelphia, and was a zealous and successful priest of the Catholic church. In 1856 he en- ception. He erected the building wherein the Christian Brothers con- ducted their first school in St. Joseph, and which is now a part of the present imposing structure. He founded the convent of Perpetual Adoration at Conception and also St. James Indus- trial school for boys, and also endowed several perpetual scholarships in the Christian Brothers' College for the benefit of the poor youths. His last years were spent in retirement, as chaplain at the Christian Brothers' REV. JAMBS POWER. tered a large body of land in Nodaway and Gentry counties in the interest of a colonization society which he had es- tablished among the working classes at Reading, Pa. He brought out a colony in 1858 and established them at Conception, Nodaway county, where he erected the first Catholic church in Northwest Missouri. He was also lo- cated in St. Joseph for a time, in 1857, and was a pioneer missionary. He in- duced a colony of Benedictine monks to come from Switzerland and to found what is flow the abbey at Con- College. Quiet and unassuming, this man lifted many a burden. He never neglected an opportunity to do good, nor did he confine his works to any locality or clasj. The poor were his flock and. he was their devoted shepherd. FRANK O. MARTIN, foreman of the Combe Printing Company's typo- graphical department, was born at Bloomfield, Iowa, March 31, 1854; attended the public schools and began to learn the printer's trade BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 511 in i86g. He «me to St. Jo- seph in December, 1882, from Deca- tur, 111., and engaged with the Steam Printing Co. In April of 1885 he, in company with O. M. Gilmer, began the publication of the Evening Jour- nal, which continued to February, 1887., He then became foreman in the Combe Printing Company's plant, continuing until 1894, when the print- ing firm of Ford, Martin & Graham was formed. Subsequently he was again associated with O. M. Gilmer in the job printing business and then, three years ago, again took his present position. Mr. Martin was married first at Litchfield. 111., in November, 1877, to Miss Lizzie Boxberger, who died in August, 1881, leaving a daugh- ter, Pearl Elizabeth; was married again at St. Joseph June 15. 1882, to Miss Lillie B. French, by whom he has a son, William Henry, now in the high school. JACOB S. BERGER, manager Tootle, Wheeler & Motter's Shirt and Overall factory, was born in New York city Oct. 22,1860. He was edu- cated in the public schools, and began as a cutter in 1875, afterwards working in Boston. He came to St. Joseph in 1888 and began as a cutter with his present employers, finially working up to his present position of manager, with from 450 to 600 people working under him. Mr. Berger is known as a most competent man, a fact which is attested by the responsible position he occupies. MAJOR WILLIAM E. STRING- FELLOW, an officer of the Fourth Missouri Volunteer Infantry prior to and during the Spanish-American war, was born in Richmond, Va., Sept. i, 1868, and came with his father. Dr. J. H. Stringfellow, to St. Joseph, where he attended the high school. He also attended the Bethel Military Academy of Virginia and the University of Vir- ginia, and was then admitted to the bar of Buchanan County. He was elected major of the Fourth Regiment, N. G. M., Jan. i, 1892, and served till the close of the war. While in service he was judge advocate on the staff of Brigadier-General George W. Davis. ALFRED MEIER, architect, was born in Switzerland June 26, 1850, and attended school in his native country. In 1868 he came to America and located in St. Joseph, where he worked as an architect for six years. He went to Atchison in 1874, where he lived until Februarj, 1898, when he again came to St. Joseph and opened an office in the Ballinger building. Mr. Meier was married in St. Joseph in 1873 to Miss Carolina Wildberger, and they have twelve children. JOHN H. FELT, architect, was born in Hancock county, Indiana, August 6, 1868. He learned the pro- fession of architect in his native state and was located at Greenfield until 1897, when he came to St. Joseph, formed the partnership of Felt & Carr and opened an office in the Ballinger building. Mr. Felt was married in In- diana in 1891, to Miss Kate M. Stal- lard, and one child has been born to them. FRANK A. TULLAR, livery sta- ble, 307 South Fourth street, was born in Virginia, Oct. i, 1858, his parents having been Valencourt and Sarah W. Tullar. He came to St. Joseph with them in 1861, and attended school here. Mr. Tullar is very popular with his many patrons. He was married in St. Joseph in 1891 to Miss Nellie Ready, a native of St. Joseph. In politics Mr. Tullar is a Democrat. 512 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ROBERT STEWART, a pioneer cigar dealer, and father of the Stewart brothers, leading wholesale cigar mer- chants, was born in Pennsylvania Jan. l8, 1817, and came to St. Joseph in 1868, founding the business made fa- mous by his sons. He was married at Miamiburg, O., in 1844, to Miss Mary A. Stevens, born in Ohio in 1827. They had three boys — Charles O., Robert S., and Thomas J., all of whom patronage, and he is among the lead- ing plumbers in the city. He was married May 15, 1895, to Miss Mary Connaughton, of which union there are two boys. EUGENE F. SCOTT, fire in«ur- ance. Rock Island building, was born March 10, 1865, in Kentucky. His father, Marshall B. Scott, was a con- tractor. Our subject came to St. Joseph ROBERT STEWART. are living. Mr. Stewart died in this city Dec. 11, 1898. His wife survives him. MICHAEL J. DONEGAN, plum- ber. Fourth and Felix streets, was born in Ireland July 12, 1855, and came to this country in 1884, locating in St. Joseph, where he worked for some years as a journeyman, and then set up in business for himself. His close attention to business and strict integ- rity have brought him a very lucrative from Kansas City in October, 1897, where he had been educated and where he was for several years cashier of the Emery-Bird-Thayer Company's de- partment store, and for two years with the Doggett Dry Goods Company. Mr. Scott was married in April, 1891, at Kansas City, to Miss Lucie M. Smith, a native of Eminence, Ky. He has made many friends in St. Joseph and has established a lucrative busi- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 513 MICHAEL GLEASON, retail liquor dealer, 726 Edmond street, was born in County Galway, Ireland, Sep- tember 23, 1834, and came to St. Jo- seph July I, 1863. He was live stock dealer, city weighniaster and superin- tendent of county poor farm. He married Bridget Ryan at St. Joseph June 10, 1869, who died January 31, becca (Rose) Lane, the former of Hanover, N. H., and the latter a na- tive of Orange county. New York. After serving as an able seaman in the United States navy during the civ- il war and then seeing a good deal of the country Mr. Lane came to St. Jo- seph in 1887. The real estate "boom" was then at its height and Mr. Lane MICHAEL J. GLEASON. By this marriage there were eight children, six of whom are living. June 3, 1889, he married Rose Cole at Warrensburg, Mo., of which union there are two daughters, Theresa and Isabelle. J. M. S. LANE, dealer in real es- tate, office at 501 Francis street, was born in Meigs county, Ohio, Dec. 7, 1845. He is the son of B. R. and Re- engaged in the real estate business. When the excitement died away many who had gone into the business abandoned it, but not so with our sub- ject. His energy, good judgment and fair dealing had placed him well at the front and he has since continued to handle real estate with success. Per- haps no man is better known, and few, if any, have a more satisfactory busi- ness than Mr. Lane. 514 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST; JOSEPH. DAVID C. WALDRON, contract- or, is one of the old settlers, having come to St. Joseph in 1859. He was born in Ann Arbor, Mich., Sept. 22, 1833, where he attended school and learned the carpenter's trade, and where he was united in marriage, Nov. 9, 1856, to Miss Margaret McGahen. He enlisted in Company A, First Kan- sas Volunteer Infantry, May 30, 1861, and served in the Southwest till 1864. He was in all the big engagements of that regiment. He has three sons, all grown to manhood. CYRIL F. WILSON is one of the best known carriage painters in the west and very prominent in secret so- ciety circles, especially among K. of P. He was born in LaGrange county, Indiana, in 1852 and educated at Sturgis, Mich. He came to St. Jo- seph in 1873. For several years he was foreman for Studebaker Bros.' in this city, but since 1875 has conducted a business of his own and leads the trade in his line. JAMES W. LEHR, contractor and builder, is a native of Indiana, where he was born Dec. 21, 1855. His father, Samuel, was a contractor, and after at- tending school our subject learned the carpenter's trade. He came west in 1880 and located at Bethany, Mo., where he remained till 1886, when he came to St. Joseph. He has done a great deal of work here and has a first- class reputation in his line. He was married March I, 1880, in McPherson, Kan., to Miss Helen L. Sharp, who has borne him two children, a boy and a girl. HERMAN KLEY, saloon, 1811 Frederick avenue, was born in Ger- many Oct. 26, 1857, the son of Gotlieb Kley, a railroad man. He came with his parents to America in 1870, lo- cating at Wathena, Kan. In 187S he came to St. Joseph and worked in a brewery for some time. Subsequently lived at Atchison, where he was in the saloon business, and then returned to St. Joseph. Mr. Kley has been highly successful and has friends without number. October, 1894, he was mar- ried to Josephine, the eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Egid Wagner of this city. THOMAS J. PORTER, attorney at law, was born in Greenville, Ohio, December 18, 1842. He attended school at Sidney, Ohio, and came to Plattsburg, Mo., in 1865, where he commenced to practice his profession. He was judge of the local court of Clinton county. Judge Porter came to St. Joseph in 1888 ,and has gained dis- tinction at the Buchanan county bar. He was married in Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 1866 to Miss Sarah E. Shepherd, and they have five children, all girls. WILLIAM H. MENDENHALL, manager grocery department Sixth Street Department store, was born, in Berlin, 111., August 21, 1869. He grad- uated from the Jacksonville, 111., Busi- ness College in 1884 and located in Indianapolis; after three years came to St. Joseph, where he has since been a successful grocer. He was married in Weston, Mo., in 1887 to Miss Eleanor T. Rixey and one boy and three girls have been born to them. DR. GEORGE C. POTTER, phy- sician and surgeon, office in Carbry block, was born in DeKalb county. Missouri, in 1853. and came to St. Jo- seph in 1892. He graduated from the Northwestern Medical College in 1882 and has had a very successful profes- sional career. Dr. Potter was married at Fayette, Mo., Nov. 16, 1883, to Miss Marv E. Root. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 515 CHARLES M. HOWE, Christian Scientist, rooms :s and i6 Commer- cial Bank building, is a native of New York state, born at Portville in 1854. His father, Willis M. Howe, a lumber- merchant, was born at Lancing, N. Y. His mother, Jane McLouth Howe, was born at Franklinville, N. Y. In 1874 the family moved to Central City, Neb., and in 1882 went to Omaha. seph and remained. He is a member of the Church of Christ, Scientist, and one of its leaders in the west. Mr. Howe is unmarried. JAMES C. DAVIS, attorney at law, was born at Jefferson City, Mo., April 29, 1863, and is a son of the late Judge Alex Davis, formerly of St. Joseph, but later of St. Louis. Our CHARLES M. HOWE. Mr. Howe took up the subject of Christian Science at an early day and gave it close study. He located in St. Joseph in 1887, and began to teach and practice this doctrine, gathering about him a considerable following. He went to Boston in 1888, attended the Massachusetts Metaphysical College, read with Rev. Mary B. Eddy, the principal exponent of Christian Science, and graduated from the insti- tution. Then he returned to St. Jo- subject graduated from Smith academy June, 1881, Washington Uni- versity (with degree of A. B.), June, 1885, and St. Louis law school (with degree of LL. B.), in June, 1887. He came to St. Joseph in 1888; served on the Democratic state central com- mittee four years, and is attorney for the Chicago Great Western Railway company. Mr. Davis was married at St. Louis, November 25, 1890, to Miss Guy Hammett, and they have one child, a boy, living. 5i6 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ROBERT W. DONNELL.— Per- haps there is no one person to whom St. Joseph owes its present proud po- sition more than the late Robert W. Donnell, of revolutionary ancestry. He was born in North Carolina in 1816, and died in New York city in January, 1892. After graduating at Chapel Hill, he moved to Rock House prairie in Buchanan county in 1838, and commenced his career as a mer- chant. In 1843 he settled in St. Jo- seph, as the junior m.ember of the firm of Smith & Donnell. In 1848. after the death of Smith, he establi.=hed the firm of Donnell, Saxton & Duvall, and opened the first wholesale store in the city, first on Main street just west of the Davis Mill Company, and then removed to the southwest corner of Fourth and Felix streets, and in 1857 sold out to Rufus L. McDonald, and started the State bank, now later the State National bank, on the opposite corner. He was a member of the fa- mous convention of '61, elected from Buchanan county, with Robert M. Stewart and Willard P. Hall. In 1864 he settled in Montana, and in 1871 lo- cated in New York, where he died. FRANK R. HINDS, with Swift & Co., is a favorite in St. Joseph, a po- sition which he holds by reason of his many admirable qualities. Mr. Hinds was born in Danville, Vermillion county, Illinois, and is the son of John Hinds, a native of Kentucky, who at the time of his death, was a farmer. Our subject came to St. Joseph in 1884 and entered the family of his uncle, William J. Hinds. He attended the Christian Brothers' College, then was employed as a clerk with the car accountant £t the Burlington general offices, from 1890 to 1895, and was then a member of the firm of Buechle & Hinds, general insurance, which connection he severed to respond to the call for troops when war was de- clared with Spain. He had been a mil- itia officer and a military enthusiast, and when the call came assisted in the organization of company F, Fourth regiment, was mustered into the Unit- ed States volunteer serTice as first lieu- tenant of his company and served until mustered out as company commander in February, 1899. He was a favorite with his men and one of the most be- loved officers in the regiment. Cap- tain Hinds is a Republican in politics and was nominated by his party for the office of recorder of deeds during his absence in the army, but failed of elec- tion because of the overwhelming strength of the Democratic party In Buchanan county. EMORY M. PLATT, principal of Piatt's Commercial College, 54-58 Bal- linger building, was born in Manhat- tan, Kan., November 4, 1865. He at- tended the State Agricultural College of Manhattan and took a course in college at Oberlin, O. He removed to Topeka, where he remained till 1891, when he came to St. Joseph and engaged in the sale of typewriters, later establishing the business college. In politics Mr. Piatt is a Republican. He was married in St. Joseph August 9, 1891, to Miss Elizabeth Landon Prescott, and they have one child, Emory Melzar Piatt, jr. ROBERT E. DICKSON, lawyer, 406 Francis street, is a native of An- drew County, Mo., born Jan. 5, 1864. Attended Avalon College, in Livings- ton County, and on completing his studies began his practice of law in Oklahoma in 1890. He was prosecut- ing attorney of Beaver County, Okla., from 1891 to 1893. He came to St. Joseph in 1897 and with his brother, has successfully practiced his profes- sion since in this city. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 517 WILLIAM H. UTZ, attorney at law, was born in Buchanan county, July 28, 1864, the son of John H. Utz, one of Buchanan county's foremost farmers, a native of Page county, Vir- ginia. His mother's maiden name was Sarah Duncan, born in Alabama. Our subject attended the common schools. G. WALLER, contractor and man- ufacturer of artificial stone pavements, 816 Frederick avenue, was born Dec. 10, 1862, in Bedfordshire, England, and is the son of John and Mary (Richard- son) Waller, farmers. In June of 1884 he went with a brother to Winnipeg, Manitoba. Subsequently he lived at .Omaha and in June, 1890, came to St. WILLIAM H. UTZ. also Central College, at Fayette, Mo., and the Missouri State University, graduating from the law department of the latter institution in 1889. He came at once to St. Joseph and began the practice of his profession, in which he has been successful. He was for years, 1893-97, assistant prosecuting at- torney. He is a Democrat and mem- ber of the M. E. church. South. Joseph, engaging in the fuel and feed business and also in the manufacture of artificial stone. He has a high rep- utation and is prosperous in his busi- ness undertakings. Mr. Waller was married in St. Joseph to Miss Ellen Kelly, a native of Ireland, who has borne him three children: George Jo- seph, aged five years; Ellen Mary, aged three years, and James Newman, aged one year. 5i8 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. A. P. BOSE, deceased, who, prior to his death, was engaged in the art glass business, was born June ii, 1852, in New York state. He attended school in his native state and, on reaching manhood, engaged in the business referred to. He was married in New York city in 1874 to Miss Elizabeth Zondler, who bore him three children, who, with their mother, are still living. In August, 1889, Mr. Bose came to St. Joseph and engaged in the business under the style of the Bose Art Works, in which he con- tinued till his death, which occurred July I, 1897. HORACE W. WOOD, head hog for buyer Swift & Co., was born in Dunkirk, N. Y., Sept. 7, 1854. Came to Andrew county in 1868 and St. Jo- seph in 1878; was hog buyer for Krug Packing Company for many years, then engaged with Swift & Co.; was elected to the city council from First ward and succeeded in securing an extension of the great Blacksnake sewer. Has been president of the St. Joseph Stock Yards Exchange since its organization. He was married July 12, 1882, to Miss Mary J. Vance and they have three children. MICHAEL K. GOETZ, proprietor of City Brewery, was born at Engen- heim, Alsatia, then a French province, January 1833; came to America in 1854 and worked in a grocery at Buf- falo, N. Y.; in 185S started for Cali- fornia; came as far as St. Joseph and decided to remain; found emptoyment at Henry Nunning's brewery; in 1859 started a brewery himself, in a small way, where the present large establish- ment now stands; in 1864 married Miss Carolina Clinck, born in Wur- temburg, Germany. There are six children, Emma, William L., Frank, Albert R., Henry E. and Annie. RANDOLPH M. DAVIS, presi- dent of the R. T. Davis Mill & Manu- facturing Company, was born in St. Joseph in 1868, his father being the late R. T. Davis. He graduated from the St. Joseph high school and at once engaged in the milling business with his father. He was ope of the organizers and the first president of the Commercial club. He is president of the Southwestern Millers' Associa- tion and at the head of the largest mill in the west. He was married in St. Joseph to Miss Mary Fairleigh, daughter of W. G. Fairleigh. DR. ELIJAH G. WINKLER, den- tist. Commercial block, was born in Hiawatha, Brown county, Kansas. He graduated from the Hiawatha high school in 1892 and then from Dr. Pat- terson's School of Dentistry and the Kansas City Dental College. He be- gan the practice of his profession in Hiawatha in 1892 and was married in the same year to Miss Ollie Tetherow, in St. Joseph. Dr. Winkler came to St. Joseph in 1894 and has succeeded in establishing a good practice. LEWIS C. GABBERT, lawyer, 301 German-American Bank building, was born Jan. 21, 1874, in Platte county, a son of George B. and Alice Layton Gabbert. Mr. Gabbert graduated in 1897 from Center College, Danville, Ky., having previously attended the Missouri State University and Wil- liam Jewell College, as well as the C. P. M. I. He was married in Louis- ville Oct. S, 1897, to a daughter of Judge N. Sandifer of Lancaster, Ky., and one child, Beulah, S., has come to them. Mr. Gabbert gained dis- tinction as an orator at college, re- ceived two gold medals and a cash prize of $50, the latter being given him as winner of the Kentucky Inter-Col- legiate contest in 1895. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 519 CLAUDE V. HICKMAN, attorney at law, was born in Robinson, Kan., May 21, 1873. He attended the High- land University, graduated from the Kansas State University law school in 1895, and came to St. Joseph in June of that year, where he began the prac- tice of his profession. He is a Repub-- lican in politics. Mr. Hickman was St. Joseph, where he has built up one of the largest music houses in the west. Mr. Washburn was married in New York city in 1869 to Miss-La- vina Edmonds, and they have one daughter, Mrs. Charles O. Brokaw. WILLIAM W. WATERFALL, ice dealer, 603 North Third street, was CLAUD V. HICKMAN. married in Pratt, Kan., Dec. 26, 1895, to Miss Myrtle A. Lodge and they have one daughter, Helen Margaret, now two years old. THOMAS J. WASHBURN, dealer in pianos and organs, is a native of Livingston county. New York, where he was born November i, 1845. After receiving an education there he went to Memphis, Tenn., where he re- mained until 1871, when he came to born in England May i, 1845. His parents were Frederick and Annie (Woodford) Waterfall. Came to America in 1878, locating first in Cleveland, Ohio; was married in June, 1871, at Nebraska City to Miss Jose- phine Javodsky, born in Green Bay, Wis. She died April 14, 1896, leaving thre« children, one boy and two girls. Mr. Waterfall served one year in the thirty-scond Ohio State Militia. He is a Republican. 520 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. AUGUST NUNNING, retired brewer, was born at Laporte, Ind., Oct. 8, i8S4, the son of Henry and Jo- hann (Arndt) Nunning, both of Ger- many. Mr. Nunning came with his parents to St. Joseph in 1855. His fa- ther established the second brewery in St. Joseph, locating on Faraon street and Frederick avenue, and later at house on Jule street, near Fifteenth, and devotes his time to study and to the care of pet stock'. He is an en- thusiast on the subject of domesticat- ing pheasants and is proud of his suc- cess. He started with five birds and this spring his flock increased to sev- enty-five. There are seven varieties of pheasants and all are beautifully AUGUST NUNNING. Fifteenth and Faraon streets, where he built a modern and model plant. Our subject was educated in St. Joseph and spent four years at school in Germany. Upon his father's death assumed the management of the brewery and con- ducted it with success and profit until 1894, when he leased the plant to the St. Joseph Brewing Company, who operate it at this time. Mr. Nunning lives in a commodious and modern marked. In England these birds live in a half domesticated state and are fattened with grain, sometimes attain- ing a weight of five pounds. Their flesh is very excellent food, and they hybridize easily with most other gal- linaceous fowl.. The Americans have outstripped the English in the matter of domesticating the pheasant, the Ohio farmers being in advance of oth- ers, and they contend that this bird BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 521 is as easily grown as tlie game chick- en. Mr. Nunning's experiments lead him to believe that there is a good fu- ture for the pheasant and he derives much pleasure ia watching and aiding the developments of this industry. PATRICK P. KANE, chief of the St. Joseph fire department, was born in St. Joseph March 5, 1864, and is the son of James and Mary (Burke) Kane, both born in Ireland. Our sub- ject was educated in the public schools and at the Christian Brothers' College, and then found employment as agent of the St. Joseph Omnibus Company. In 1882 he was appointed a member of the fire department and stationed in the old Patee market house. In 1884 he was stationed at Seventh and Charles, where he was made foreman in 1885. In February of 1892 he was made assistant chief and in May of 1897 was appointed chief. He fills this important office with credit and is a hard and successful worker for the ad- ' vancement of the fire department. Chief Kane is unmarried. W. P. WHITE is one of St. Jo- seph's leading and most successful contractors. Mr. White thoroughly understands his business and his serv- ices are always in demand. His office is in the Builders' Exchange, in the Commercial block. WARREN COWLES is the popu- lar and successful passenger agent of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad. Since his residence in St. Joseph Mr. Cowles has made hosts of friends and has materially increased the business of his company. FRANK CLAUDE DAVIS, with the E. T Davis Mill Compnay, was born in Platte county, Missouri, Feb- ruary 22, 1858. His father was John C. C. Davis, and he is a nephew of the late R. T. Davis. After attending school in Platte county Mr. Davis came to St. Joseph in 1870 and en- tered the mill, where he has since re- mained. Mr. Davis was married in St. Joseph November 27, 1888, to Miss Fannie D. Popple, a native of Jack- sonville, 111., and two bright little girls bless their union. DR. W. J. BELL, physician and surgeon, was born in Canada in the province of Ontario. While he was yet a small boy. his father died, leav- ing him to fight his own battles. Blessed with poverty and an intellect- ual mother, the grandest inheritance ever given to a boy, he struggled with untiring energy for an education. Having pursued his studies at McGill University, Montreal, and at Allegh- eny College in Pennsylvania, he was graduated from the latter with the de- gree of B. A., and in 1890 graduated from the medical department of the University of the City of New York. In 1891 Allegheny College conferred upon Dr. Bell the degree of Master of Arts, and in 1892 he was honored by the University of Omaha with the de- gree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Bell came to St. Joseph in 1894 and holds a high place in his profession. He offices with Dr. Jacob Geiger at 6i3/4 Francis street. EDWARD BENJAMIN WURR, engineer, is a native of England, where he was born Feb. 9, 1849. After mar- rying he came with his wife to Ameri- ca in the spring of 1872, and located in St. Joseph, where he has since pursued his calling, that of an engineer. His wife was Miss Harriet Dean, a native of the Island of Trinidad, and they were married March 6, 1869. Mr. Wurr is now in charge of the engines at the Summer-Richardson Cracker and Candy factory. 522 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. HENRY G. FELLING, alderman- at-Iarge from the Seventh Ward, was born Feb. 17, 1864, in Platte County, and is the son of Gerhardt and Mary FeUing, natives of Germany. The fam- ily located at Weston first, and in 1872 came to St. Joseph. -Mr. Felling viJas educated in the school of Immaculate Conception parish and then engaged ALEXANDER H. TRUCKEN- MILLER, proprietor of Hotel Truck- enmiller, is a native of Philadelphia, born in 1858. He came to St. Joseph in 1883 and for four years was man- ager of the carpet department of the Louis Hax furniture house. He ex- cels as a caterer, and his hotel is fa- mous the country over. HENRY G. FELLING. with the Standard Oil Company, in whose employ he has been for twenty- three years. He was married to Lou- isa, daughter of the late Joseph Bren- del, a well-known German-American citizen of St. Joseph. Three children, two boys and one girl, have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Felling, all of whom are living. Mr. Felling has been a consistent and active Democrat all his life, and as such was elected to the council in April of 1898. HOUSTON POWERS, deputy sheriff, was born in St. Louis April 22, 1842, and came to Platte County with his parents in 1848. Here he attended school and in 1876 came to St. Joseph, where he engaged in contracting and building. During the Civil War he served two years (1862 to 1864) in ths state militia. Mr. Powers is a Demo- crat, and was appointed deputy sheriff by James PI I'll in January, 1897, and was reappointed in January, 1899. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 523 A. WENDOVER, dealer in watch- es and fine jewelry, 512 Francis street, in the Tootle Theater block, is a na- tive of New York city. He learned the jewelers' trade thoroughly and is an expert judge of both the quality and workmanship of watches, stones and jewelry. This practical knowl- edge has been of assistance to him in but in all the surrounding country, from which he draws a large amount of trade. Mr. Wendover is one of the successful business men of St. Joseph. WILLIAM DERSCH, roofer and cornice maker, 802 North Third street, was born in Germany October 8, 1854. He came to America in 185s and to A. WENDOVEK. building up his business. Coming to St. Joseph less than a dozen years ago he was the first in the city to establish the installment plan of selling his wares by means of which purchasers are enabled to secure first-class goods on easy weekly or monthly payments. This plan has become very popular and Mr. Wendover's business has in- creased many fold. He has acquired many friends not only in St. Joseph St. Joseph in .1857., Attending school in St. Joseph he learned the trade which he has since followed. Mr. Dersch is a Republican and repre- sented the First ward in the city coun- cil from 1891 to 1894 and from 1894 to 1896 was superintendent of the work house. He married Miss Caroline E. Schroer in 1881 and three children, a boy and two girls, have been born to them. 524 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. ALFRED PLASCEIT BU- SEY, first assistant physician at Asy- lum No. 2, was born June 23, 1850, in Platte county, Missouri, and is the son of Talbot and Rachel (Cline) Busey, both natives of Kentucky, who came to the Platte Purchase in 1838. Dr. Busey attended the State University, read with the late Dr. Geo. C. Catlett and had more asylum experience than Dr. Busey, and his worth is fully rec- ognized. He was married Nov. 12, 1878, to Corinne, daughter of Dr. Geo. C. Catlett, by whom he has four chil- dren: Corinne, aged 18; Alfred D., aged 16; George C, aged 12; and Jeannette, aged 10. Dr. Busey has been president of the Northwestern DR. A. P. BUSEY. and graduated in medicine from the University of Louisville, Ky., in the spring of 1874. State Lunatic Asylum No. 2 was opened in 1874. Dr. Busey was made first assistant physician, and he served in that capacity for twelve years continuously. After six years devoted to private practice in St. Joseph he was again elected first assistant at the Asylum in 1893. No man in Missouri has served longer District Medical Society and the Bu- chanan County Medical Society. He is a Democrat in politics. GRAHAM GORDON LACY was born August 8, 1858, at Ellwood, his father's country place, in Spottsyl- vania county, Virginia, the son of James Horace Lacy and Betty Churchill (Jones) Lacy. He was edu- cated at private schools and tutors at BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 525 home; entered the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, Va., and grad- uated fourth in his class July 4, 1879, receiving the orator's gold medal. Mr. Lacy came to Missouri in August, 1880, read law in the office of his cousin. Judge John A. Lacy, and was admitted to the bar, being ex- amined by Judge John F. Philips of the United States court. He came to St. Joseph May 12, 1882, and prac- ticed law until July i, 1889. WBen the bank of Tootle, Lemon & Co., was organized he became assistant cashier; in 1890 was made cashier, and was admitted as a partner into the firm January 8, 1898. Mr. Lacy married November 11, 1886, Ellen Bell Tootle, who was born February 10, 1865, the duaghter of Thomas E. and Ellen B. Tootle. - He has four daughters- Agnes Churchill, 11 years; Mary Gra- ham, 8 years; Lucy Lyle, 5 years; Bibi Elizabeth, 3 years. Mr. Lacy is a meriiber and deacon of the First Presbyterian church, St. Joseph; is a member of the Benton club of St. Jo- seph, and the Reform club of New York. Mr. Lacy has neither aspired to nor held public position. His tastes are literary and he is also fond of horses and dogs and country life. W. W. WERTENBERGER, Ph. D., M. D., eye, ear, nose and throat specialist. Fifth and Edmond street, residence at St. Charles hotel, was born ten miles east of St. Joseph July 24, 1861. He attended the Stanberry Normal school, Campbell University, Holden, Kan., and Avalon College, Avalon, Mo., graduating from the lat- ter ' institution. He then graduated from the department of medicine and surgery of the University of Michigan in 1892, and is a post- graduate of the Chicago Polyclinic and the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, -where he spent a year in the study of his specialty. In 1898 he had the de- gree of Ph. D. conferred on him by the Western University of Chicago. He located in St. Joseph in 1892, and at once took front rank as a specialist, which position he has successfully maintained. He also filled the chair of genito-urinary diseases at the Northwestern Medical College. CHARLES E. THORNTON, pub- lisher of the Modern Farmer, was born at Columbia, Mo., and is the son of Thomas J. Thornton. For a num- ber of years our subject was in the of- fice of Maj. T J. Chew, jr., financial agent, and with the Reginer & Shoup Crockery Company, and then held the place of bookkeeper with the Daily News for several years. In 1897 he established the Daily Stockyards Journal, which he built up to a profit- able point and then sold it to its pres- ent publisher. Recently he acquired The Modern Farmer, which he is pushing forward with success. JOHN C. BROWN, member of the metropolitan police force, was born in Nodaway County, Mo., March 8, 1858, and is the son of Judge Thomas A. Brown, one of the earliest pioneers of Buchanan County, who was born in Knox County, Tenn., Jan. 28, 1812, and came to the Platte Purchase in 1838, who from 1844 to 1862 resided in what is now Nodaway County, and who since his return to Buchanan County has several times held the po- sition of county judge, and who is still living in St. Joseph. Our subject farmed for many years, was in 1885-86 deputy superintendent of the poor farm, and subsequently engaged in the implement business in St. Joseph. He was appointed on the police force Oct. 28, 1897, and has an exceptionally good record in this line of work. He is not married. 526 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. THOMAS BUFORD ALLEN, at- torney at law, Hughes .building, was born at Fredericktown, Mo., March 26, 1868. He is the son of Judge N. B. Allen, a native of Madison county, Missouri, and who has been judge of the probate court of that county for twenty years. His mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Bollinger, 1889, to August, 1893, he was a law clerk in the office of the judge advo- cate general, war department, at Washington, appointed after compet- itive examination under the civil serv- ice law. This position he resigned to begin the active practice of his pro- fession in St. Joseph. He was a mem- ber of the firm of Sherwood and Allen THOMAS B. ALLEN. was born in Bollinger county, Mis- souri. Mr. Allen was educated in the public schools of Fredericktown and at the State University at Columbia. After teaching school in Madison county and reading law with Hon. B. B. Cahoon at Fredericktown he en- tered the Georgetown University Law School at Washington, D. C, gradu- ating in the class of 1891 and the post graduate class of 1892. From October, from August, 1893, to July, 1898. He has achieved both fame and a lucrative practice since coming to St. Joseph. Since 1897 he has been attorney for the county collector and is connected with the faculty of Ensworth Medical College as lecturer on medical juris- prudence. He is a Democrat and takkes active part in politics. Mr. Al- len was married at New Madrid, Mo., Nov. 10, 1892, to Miss Emma Hunter, BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 527 daughter of Joseph Hunter. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Allen: Fay B., who died at the age of four years, and Joseph Hunter, living, aged about one year. FREDERICK NEUDORFF, hard- ware merchant, 114 S. Fourth street, was born at Platte City, Mo., July sth, 1859. His father, Louis Otto Neu- dorff, a jeweler, was born in Germany, and his mother, maiden name Arnold, was born in France. He came to St. Joseph in 1863 and attended the pub- lic schools. For twenty years Mr. Neudorff has been engaged in the same block, first with Koch, Chew & Co., wholesale grocers, then with R. H. Jordan & Co., hardware; for five years as manager of the retail depart- ment of Shultz & Hosea, hardware, and since, 1887, in business for himself, being at this time the leading retail hardware merchant in the city. Mr. Neudorff was for two terms a mem- ber of the school board and vice-pres- ident of that body for one term. He is positive in his political convictions, but affiliates with no party. Mr. Nu- dorff was married first to a daughter of Rev. H. Fiegenbaum, of the Ger- man Methodist Church. This lady died in 1892, leaving him two children, Julia W., now aged sixteen, and Clara May, now aged ten. In 1893 he was married at Kansas City to a daughter of F. and Agnes Bauer, by whom he has two children, Frederick Franklin, aged four, and Agnes Olive, aged two years. LUCIAN J. EASTIN, attorney at law. Third and Felix streets, was born in Clay County, Mo., July 12, 1868. His parents were George W. and Su- san C. (Dollys) Eastin, his father being a farmer. Our subject attended the State Normal School at VVnrrensburg-, and then went to the University of Michigan, from which he graduated in 1894, having first read law with D. C, Allen of Liberty, Mo. After receiving his degree, he came to St. Joseph and began the practice of his chosen pro- fession. His courteous manner, his thorough knowledge of the law, his quick perception of the points at issue, and his fidelity to his clients' inter- ests soon won for him a host of friend.s and patrons and his practice is one that is envied by many older practitioners than he. Mr. Eastin is thorough and painstaking, and the smallest and ap- parently most unimportant case en- trusted to him receives the same care and attention as those of the greatest magnitude. Mr. Eastin is an earnest Democrat and a member of the Chris- tian Church. VINCENT E. BURCH, a first- class tonsorial artist, whose shop is in the basement of the Commercial Block, was born in Bloomfield, Mo., Dec. 3, 1896. In 1881 he went to Ma- ryville. Mo., and in 1890 came to St. Joseph and embarked in the business he now follows and in' which he has been successful. He was married Nov. 28, 1893, to Miss Anna Tolson of St. Joseph. Mr. Burch is an Odd Fellow and a member of several other secret societies. ENOCH S. STORY, toilet supplies, loro Frederick avenue, was born in Brown county, Indiana, Feb. 16, 1862 the son of Captain David Story, a na- tive of Ohio. His mother's maiden name was Cordelia Wadsworth, also born in Ohio. Mr. Story came to St. Joseph in 1890 and engaged in the laundry business. In October of 1887 he was married at Scott City, Kan., to Miss Eva M. Nicholson, a native of Iowa. They have three children, all boys. 528 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. J. S. HELSLEY, of the firm of Helsley Bros., general contractors, was born in St. Joseph, and is the son of the late Captain Phillip W. Hel- sely, a leader of the Democratic party in his day. His mother's maiden name was Lucy A. Spray. Our sub- ject received his education in the pub- lic schools and then went to California, street, was born at Zanesville, Ohio, May 7, 1850, - graduated at Columbus in 18675 came to St. Joseph in 1874 and engaged in his present business. Mar- ried March 2, 1886, his wife's maideil name being Rosa E. Delay, born in St. Joseph, in 1863; they have two boys. He is a leader in the Republican party, though has never sought office. JESSE S. HELSLEY. where he spent several years. Upon his return he began operations as a contractor, being an expert in the manufacture of artificial stone. The firm of Helsely Bros, have had many large paving contracts, among others, the paving of the road to Asylum No. 2, and they have acquired a high repu- tation for proficiency and integrity. ROBERT A. McGOWAN, manu- facturere of buggy tops, 615 Charles JOHN H.TALGE, manufacturer of sofas and lounges, 917 South Ninth street, is a native of Louisville, Ky.. and came to St. Joseph in 1881. He has built up a great business in his line and his products are shipped through- out the entire west. Mr. Talge was married at Indianapolis to Miss Meri- am Johnston, who has borne him three children — two boys and one girl. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 529 H. N. CORNELL, promoter, was born in Vermont, Nov. i& 1828. He served in the Unite 1 States navy and from 1844 to 1847 was on the United States ship Michigan. He then learned the saddle and harness busi- ness. In 1850 he made an overland trip to California and upon his return located at Nebraska City, where he conducted a saddle and harness busi- ness for two years. April 14, 1861, he married Miss Mary H. Deneen of In- diana, by whom he had six children. In 1864 he crossed the plains to Idaho with his own freight train, which ven- ture bankrupted him. In 1867 he lo- cated in St. Joseph, engaged in the real estate business and was for years a leader, projecting many plans for the advancement of St. Joseph. He is now promoting brick street paving in St. Joseph in the interest of the Phoe- nix Brick Company, and is remarkably successful. A. J. AVERY, contractor, is a na- tive of England, who came to America in 1868 and to Buchanan county in 1892. He learned the carpenter trade in New York and later engaged iii the building business in Atchison, Kan., Denver, Col., Oakland and San Fran- cisco, Cal., and Seattle, Wash. On his arrival in St. Joseph he wis engaged by Milton Tootle, Jr., as stage man- ager of the theater and has charge of all the building done by the vast Tootle estate. JOSEPH R. RACKLIFFE, city engineer, is a native of Maine, born March 13, 1866. He graduated from the University of Maine and then adopted civil engineering as a profes- sion. In July of 1890 he came to St. Joseph and was connected with the Burlington system until his appoint- ment as civil engineer in April of 1898; was reappointed to his office April 17, 1899. He was married at St. Joseph in October, 1890, to Miss Minnie Knowles. Politically Mr. Rackliffe is a Democrat. BENJAMIN F. JOHNSON, col- lections, office First National Bank building, was born in St. Joseph Sept. 9. 1874, and was educated in this city. He was married Sept. 17. 1896, to Miss Mary Elfred, also born in St. Joseph, and the daughter of Thomas H. El- fred. Mr. Johnson has a well estab- lished and lucrative business, acquired by close attention and success. ROBERT H. THOMAS, farmer and ex-sheriff, was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, Aug. i, 1839, and came to Buchanan county with his pa- rents in 184s, locating in Crawford township on the fii.e farm which our subject still owns and cultivates. He attended subscription schools during the winter and farmed in the summer. Reaching manhood he engaged in the stock business and for twenty years was a drover and breeder of fine stock. He was elected sheriff in 1880 and re- elected in 1882, serving four years. He was married in Platte county in 1863 to Miss Rebecca Foster, who has borne him five boys and two girls, all living. W. K. AMICK, attorney at law and a member of the Missouri legis- lature, was born in Trenton, Mo., Feb. 6, 1867. His primary education was received in Trenton and in 1887 he graduated from the Missouri State University. After reading law he re- turned to the University and gradua- ted from the law school in 1889. He then located in St. Joseph. He was city counselor in 1895-97 and was elected on the Republican ticket in 1898 to represent the First district in the legislature. 530 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JAMES BUCHANAN CROY, county assessor of Buchanan county, was born in Marion county, Iowa, May 28, 1856, his parents being Zeb ■ ulon and Sarah (Carroll) Croy. In 1866 he came with his parents to Bu- chanan county and settled in Marion township, where our subject still re- sides. He was raised a farmer and satisfaction of the people. He was married in 1876 to Miss Elizabeth Kennedy and they fiave one boy and four girls, all living. ELWOOD J. NETHERTON, vet- erinary surgeon, 217 South Seventh street, was born in Jameson, Mo., Au- JAMBS B. CROY. still follows that occupation. His education was secured in the country schools of his neighborhood. His brother, William Croy, had been elect- ed assessor, and on his death in 1898 our subject was appointed to fill the vacancy, serving in that capacity till January i, 1899. Meantime at the election in November, 1898, he was elected to continue in the office. Mr. Croy has conducted the affairs of the assessor's office with credit and to the gust II, 1874. He graduated from the Gallatin high school and the Grand River College, and read medicine with his father. Dr. G. T. Netherton. He graduated from the Kansas City Vet- erinary College in the class of 1895, and practiced in Gallatin and Kansas City until May, 1898, when he located in St. Joseph. He was married in Gal- latin Oct. I, 1896, to Miss Alice Woods, and they have a little girl baby, Lucile. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 531 ARTHUR H. GRUNDY, real es- tate dealer, South St. Joseph, was born in Nottingham, England, Dec. 27, i8ss, and educated in common schools; came to Chicago in 1896, where he was with the Pullman Car Campany for a year, afterwards he returned to En- gland and was with the Royal Welsh Fusileers in the Afghan war; with the Indian contingent in the Soudan, and for two and one-half years in the Bur- mese war, coming out a sergeant ma- jor, with a spear wound over his eyes. He is now secretary of the South St. Joseph Commercial club, and of the fire department. His wife, whom he married October 12, 1896, was Miss Ellen Prescott. GEORGE M. VOLTZ, proprietor of plating works 921 Francis, was born in Norwich, N. Y., October 11, 1858. He is an expert machinist and came to St. Joseph in 1877, where he has since followed his trade, adding to it a very complete plating establishment, where he does all kinds of plating. Mr. Voltz was at one time a member of the St. Joseph Board of Public Schools. WILLIAM J. ROBERTSON, roofer, 922 South Sixth street, was born in Scotland Aug. 25, i8ss, and went with his parents to Canada in 1866. In 1875 he came to St. Joseph and engaged with the Gas company. He has built up a prosperous business, having placed tar and gravel roofs upon many buildings in the city. Mr. Robertson is a Republican in politics and was elected to the council from the Seventh ward in April, 1896, serving two years with credit and distinction. In 1884 he was married to Miss Mary E. Christman, who has borne him three children, one boy and two girls. He resides at 2428 South Twelfth street. JACOB WICKENHOEFER, car- raige and wagon maker. Fourth and Charles, is a native of Kur-Hessen, Germany, born March 25, 1855. He came to America when he was 16 and located at Farmington, la., where he learned his trade. In 1876 he went to Quincy, 111., where he remained six years, and came to St. Joseph in 1877; worked at his trade for four years. In 1881 he opened a shop on Charles street and is now the head of a large and thriving business. HENRY D. BASSETT, insurance broker, 415 Francis, was born in Bu- chanan county Aug. 26, 1852. His father, Jon. M. Bassett, was one of the foremost lawyers and citizens in the history of St. Joseph. For twenty-two years our subject served as deputy as- sessor, and from 1888 to 1894 was county assessor, having been elected on the Democratic ticket. He was married in 1889 to Miss Ida Calhoun, and they have two children, a boy and a girl. JOHN F. IMEL, attorney at law, German-American Banb building, has been practicing his profession in St. Joseph since 1891, and has achieved success. Mr. Imel was secretary of the Democratic city central committee in 1892, and has several times been so- licited to run for office, but has al- ways declined, preferring to attend to his practice. BARTON PITTS, M. D., eye and ear specialist, Francis street was born in 1859 at Accomac Court House, Va., the son of Judge E. S. Pitts; graduated from the University of Maryland, Baltimore, in 1881; came to St. Joseph in i886; married Edna M., daughter of D. M. and Minnie Steele; has three children, two boys and one girl. Resides 508 North Ninth street. 532 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. JOHN T. IMBRIE was born in Beaver County, Pa., Oct. 31, 1845, and came to St. Joseph in 1874, where he has since been prominently identified with the fairs and expositions given in Buchanan County. His long experi- ence and ready perception of what con- stitutes an attraction has made him a valuable man. He was for some years secretary of the St. Joseph Fair Asso- ciation. His wife was Miss Frank M. Harris, whom he married in Wells- ville, Ohio, in 1865, and by whom he has two boys and three girls. DR. C. S. GRANT, dentist Eighth and Edmond, was born in Indiana, whence he removed to Iowa, arriving in St. Joseph in 1890. Here he opened the St. Joseph Dental Parlors, and his superior knowledge "of dentistry, to- gether with his genial personality, made him a success from the start. Dr. Grant is a graduate of the Kansas City Dental College and is patronized by people from all sections contigu- ous to St. Joseph. WILLIAM E. SHERWOOD, at- torney at law, Hughes building, was born in New Madrid county, Missouri, Dec. 9, 1853, and came to St. Joseph m 1876, after having graduated from the Missouri State University law school. He began the practice of his profession and was city attorney from 1884 to. 1886. In 1888 he was elected prosecuting attorney on the Demo- cratic ticket and served two years. Mr. Sherwood was married in 1883 to Miss Jennie Cross, and they have four children, two boys and two girls. THEODORE JACKSON, livery- man, 207-209 North Tenth street, is a native of Kansas, born in Doniphan June 10, 1862. He attended school in his native county and came to St. Jo- seph in 1881. He was married to Miss Effie Fanning of this city in '1889, and they have one child, a girl. Mr. Jack- son has been in the Jivery business for many years and has built up a large patronage by fair dealing and by keep- ing fully abreast of the times. He is counted to be an _ expert judge of horses. DANIEL D. DARROW, subscrip- tion book publisher, 322 South Sixth street, was born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, Nov. 22, 1856. and came to St. Joseph in 1887, engaging in his present line, and by his energy and sa- gacity has built up a business of large proportions. Mr. Darrow married Miss Adella L. Anderson at Lindboro, Pa.. April 9, 1883, by whom he has two boys. Mr. and Mrs. Darrow take great interest in the order of Knights and Ladies of Security, and are both high in its circles. , CHARLES H. KELLY, member of the police force, was born in Bu- chanan county, Missouri, March 11. 1873, and received his education in the district schools. After farming for some years he received an appoint- ment as attendant at Asylum No. 2, and was subsequently night watchman at that institution. May 22. 1895, he was appointed policeman and has made an excellent record in that posi- tion, both as a detective, as patrolman and as desk man. PETER LANGAN, tinner, 305 South Fourth street, is an old resident, having come to St. Joseph in 1849. He was educated, learned his trade and grew to manhood in this community and spent a useful life here. Mr. Lan- gan was born in New York Jan. 29, 1837. His father, Owen ' Langan, a stone mason, and his mother (maiden name Catherine Tighe), were both born in Ireland. Mr. Langan resides at 514 Bush street. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. DR. WILLIAM F. SCHMID, phy- sician and surgeon, was born at Belle- ville, 111., May 3, 1873. He is the son of William and Mary (Haupt) Schmid. His father was born at Ber- lin and his mother at Frankford, Ger- many. The family lived at St. Louis until 1884 and then came to St. Joseph. Dr. Schmid attended the public schools. 533 JOSEPH BARNES, horseshoer, was born in France April 22, 1855. He learned his trade there and came to America in 1872, and to St. Joseph in 1874. He has attained celebrity as a first-class horseshoer and farrier, his knowledge of the ailments of horses' feet being such that he can and does give relief in shoeing. DR. W. F. SCHMID. He studied at a medical college at St. Louis and graduated from the Ens- worth Medical College in this city in 1894. He began the practice of his profession in this city Jan. 15, 1896, ind March i, 1898, formed a partner- ship with Dr. J. W. Heddens. He is idjunct to the chairs of gynecology tnd operator surgery, and also demon- itrator of anatomy at Ensworth Med- cal College and has a rapidly increas- ng practice. HARRY L. GRAHAM, solicitor for the Combe Printing Company, is a native of St. Joseph, where he was born June 10, 18661, and where he has lived ever since. He was educated in the public schools and has been active- ly engaged in business since boyhood, mostly as salesman and solicitor. He was married October i, 1884, to Miss Hannah J. Haywood, daughter of Jo- seph and Mary Haywood of St. Jo- seph, and they have two children. 534 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CLAUDE F. SEATON, saloon- keeper, 314 Edmond, was born in Clin- ton county, Missouri, May 21, 1872, and came to St. Joseph in 1876, where he attended school and engaged in business. On February 4, 1896, Mr. Seaton was married to Miss Francis A. Chinsky, and two children have been born to them, one boy and one girl. JOSEPH ALBUS, secretary of the St. Joseph Loan and Building Asso- ciation, was born March 30, 1859, at Leavenworth, Ran. He came to St. Joseph during the civil war and at- tended the public schools and gradu- ated from Bryant's business college. He was for many years engaged in the queensware business with the principal firms, and in 1888 was made deputy city treasurer, remaining four years, after which he was elected treasurer on the Republican ticket. Mr. Albus was also a member of the school board from 1890 to 1892. WILLIAM H. REED, paying tell- er German-American bank, was born at Northfield, Mo., July 4, 1863, and came to St. Joseph January, 1881. In 1886 he entered the United States mail service, continuing till 1891, when he took a position in the Central Sav- ings bank, where he remained till Jan- uary I, 1899, when he accepted his present position. Mr. Reed was mar- ried April 12, 1893, to Miss Kate Mill- er, and two children, a boy and a girl, have been born to them. LEOPOLD DAVIDSON, man- ager of the Electric Toilet Supply Company, was born in Germany Oct. 18, 1846. He came to America with his parents in 1862, locating in New York, but later came west and was for fifteen years a resident of St. Louis. He came to St. Joseph in 1889, and engaged in the towel supply business. He was married at Leavenworth, Kan., in 1873, to Miss Fanny Schwartz, a native of Bohemia, who has borne' him two boys and four girls, all living. EDWARD K. DENTON, proprie- tor of the saloon at the northeast cor- ner of Fourth and Edmond streets, was born in New York Nov. 17, 1850. After receiving his education he came vest and for many years was located at Cortland, Neb. He came to St. Jo- seph Nov. I, 1898, and purchased the place now operated by him. Mr. Den- ton was married in St. Joseph county, Michigan, May i, 1884, to Miss Fan- nie Melton, a native of Cedar Falls, la., and three children have been born to them. WILLIAM H. ALLISON, deputy sheriff, is a native of Buchanan county, where he was born Oct. 13, 1856. He attended the country schools and en- gaged in the drug and general mer- chandise business at Rushville, which is still his home. He was constable of Rush township eight years, and since 1896 has been one of Sheriff Hull's most efficient deputies. Mr. Allison was married in Rushville in Septem- ber, 1881, to Miss Dora Culver and she has borne him three children, two of whom are girls. PATRICK NEVIN. of the house of Texton, Bros., fancy groceries, 416 Felix street, was born in Ireland and came to America in 1857. locating at Albany, N. Y. In 1869 he came to St. Joseph, and for twenty years he has been connected with the house of Textor Bros. Mr. Nevin has a host of friends. He is a Catholic and a mem- ber of the Cathedral parish. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 535 J. M. D. FRANCE, M. D., one of the most successful practioners in St. Joseph, was born in the District of Columbia in 1841. and there received his literary as well as professional edu- cation. In 1873 he came to St. Joseph and soon achieved a high reputation. He has held, at different times, the po- sitions of city and county physician. He has been connected with the fac- ulties of several medical colleges and is prominently identified with the vari- ous medical societies. E. W. DIENGER, proprietor of "Badischer Hof," 614 Messanie street, was born in Baden, Germany, Dec. 17, 1844, and received a good education; came to St. Joseph in 1867, worked at various ocupations and then engaged in gardening for eight years; kept the Charleston House until 1888, when he moved to his present location, which he owns. August 21, 1871, he married Caroline Beck, who died Sept. 10, 1888, leaving five children. Oct. 21, 1890, he married Emma Aniser, born in St. Joseph. ANDREW S. HUGHES was the first lawyer in the Platte country. He was a Kentuckian and as early as 1824 was a member of the state senate. He was appointed Indian agent during the administration of President John Quincy Adams, in 1826, and was sta- tioned here. The biographers of Gen- eral Hughes count him as one of the most remarkable men of his age. He died in 1843 at Plattsburg. His son, Bela M. Hughes, was also a brilliant man and one of the ablest lawyers who ever practiced at the Buchanan county bar. He'* resides in Denver now. HENRY M. VORIES, a native of Henry county, Kentucky, came to Bu- chanan county in 1843, and practiced law first at Sparta and then at St. Jo- seph. He was rated as a good lawyer and a formidable advocate. In 1855 he moved to California, where he re- mained two years and then returned to St. Joseph. After some years he was elected to the supreme court of Mis- souri, which position he held until 1876. He died in October of that year. He was a Democrat of the old school and a Union man during the war. PETER JOHNSON, proprietor of the White Elephant saloon, 713 Mes- sanie street, was born in Naranshuldt, Kronabergsland, province of Smoland, Sweden, Dec. 15, i860, and came to America in April of 1881, locating in Iowa. In 1886 he came to St. Joseph, and. after working at the White Ele- phant for ten years, became its pro- prietor and has prospered. Mr. John- son was married at Kansas City Dec. 5, 189s, to Olavina Olson, who died March 17, 1899. leaving him three chil- dren. GEORGE H. WEYER, barber sup- plies, 508 Edmond, was born in Ehr- stadt, Baden, Germany, Nov. 29, 1858. He grew to manhood and was married in Germany, and in 1882 came with his wife to America, locating in St. Jo- seph. He engaged in the barber sup- ply business and grinding, and has built up a very lucrative trade, having patrons in all the surrounding coun- try. His wife, whom he married in 1880, was Miss Louise Ball, and they have two boys and two girls. LOUIS J. MEYER, Fourth and Edmond streets, is a native of St. Jo- seph, having been born August 17, 1864. He attended school in St. Jo- seph and engaged in clerking in a rail- road office. For several years he has been engaged in the saloon business at his present location, and he has a host of friends. ss^^ BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. ALFONS KARLE, carriage mak- er, 518 Charles street, was born in Germany June 22, 1853. He attended school in Germany and came to Amer- ica in 1871, locating in New York City; then he removed to Quincy, 111., and came to St. Joseph in 1874. He had learned the carriage and wagon maker's trade, and set up in business here. His skill and energy won him success. Mr. Karle was married in St. Joseph in 1875 to Miss Kate Bauer- lein, and she has borne him three chil- dren, all of whom are living. JOHN W. TRICKETT, contractor and builder, was born Feb. 3, 1857, at Iowa City, Iowa, and is the son of John and Lucy Trickett, his father a native of West Virginia and his mother of Kentucky. Mr. Trickett at- tended the public schools and then learned the carpenter's trade, his father being a contractor. He came to St. Joseph in 1880 and has since had many heavy contracts and been successful in business. Was married at West Quincy, Mo., to Miss Mary Keefe, a native of Quincy, 111. JOHN F. JOHNSON, city comp- troller, was born in Buchanan county, Jan. 12, i860, and is the son of John K. and Mary E. (Stephens) Johnson. He attended the county schools and Christian Brothers' College. Engaged in railroad work and was in the Bur- lington offices for eight years. In 1897 was appointed deputy comptroller and in April, 1899, was appointed comptroller. Mr. Johnson has always been an active Democrat. He was married March 13, 1889, to Miss Rosa B. Breckenridge. DR. J.FRANCIS SMITH, the only living male descendant of Major Fred W. Smith, an illustrious pioneer, who made the plat of the original town of St. Joseph and who gave Smith Park to the city. Mr. Smith was born in St. Joseph, December 22, 1846 and this has been his home ever since. He studied medicine and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- phia in 1869, but has not practiced his profession for many years, devoting his time to the management of his estate and to real estate generally. JOHN M. ARMSTRONG,. whole- sale dealer in coffees and spices, etc.. was born in Centerville, Pa., March 31, 1838. 5erved during the war in Company A, Second Missouri Cavalry, and was honorably discharged in 1864 with the rank of first lieutenant. He came to St. Joseph and was one of the proprietors of the Patee house, the firm being Espey & Armstrong. Has been in the coffee and spice business for many years. Early in 1899 he was appointed stamp clerk in the internal revenue office here. JOHN H. SPARKS, president of the St. Joseph Bridge and Iron Com- pany, was born in Minonk, Woodford County, 111., June 23, i860; attended the public schools there, and at the age of seventeen went to Nebraska, where he worked on a farm and spent four years in the employ of the B. & M. iR. R. Co. He was salesman for W. J. Hobson of Savannah for four years, and then became a partner. For a time he traveled for the Pittsburgh Bridge Company, and then organized the concern of which he is now pres- ident. He was married at Savannah in 1877 to Miss Carrie Majors, and they have one child. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 537 GEORGE G. STARMER, deputy sheriff, was born in Harrison County, Mo., April 6, 1852. He came to Bu- chanan County in 1866, where he at- tended the common schools and work- ed on a farm. Mr. Starmer is a Dem- ocrat and takes an active mterest in politics. He was for two years dep- uty under Constable W. R. Womach, and since 1896 has been deputy sheriff under Sherif Hull. He is known as a very efficient and trustworthy offi- DR. E. A. MENDELL, physician and surgeon, office in rooms 13 and 14 Commercial block, residence 1202 South Fifteenth street. Dr. Mendell is a highly successful practioner. He was born at Johnstown, Pa., Dec. 16, 1861. In 1885 he went to Omaha, where he made his home until 1892. He was educated in the public schools and at the State Unwersity of Nebras- ka, 'graduating in medicine in 1892. Shortly after this he located in St. Jo- seph and soon took high rank. Dr. Mendell is a member of the Eclectic Medical Association and secretary of the Missouri Eclectic Society, having been twice elected to this office. Aside from a devotion to his profession he is an enthusiast on the subject of fruit growing, and is vice president of the Kenmoor Orchard Company, and a member of the board of directors of the Wathena Commercial company. He also owns a private orchard of eighty acres five miles south of St. Joseph, the trees in which are two years old. Dr. Mendell was married at Tecumseh, Neb., in 1885, to Miss Lillah Taylor, and they have one child, a daughter. , DR. AUGUSTUS S. LONG was born Aug. 2, 1840, at Long Swamp, Berks county, Pennslyvania. His fa- ther, Daniel Long, was a prosperous farmer, and died a few week's before his son's birth. Early training fell to a loving, intelligent mother. Re- ceived private instruction from Wil- liam Schubert, esq., an able teacher. At the age of sixteen he entered Mount Pleasant Seminsry, at Bogers- town, Pa., and later. Union Semin- ary, at New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania. Commenced the study of medicine in 1863, attended the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and Long Island College Hospital successively, graduating in 1865 from the latter in- stitution; was immediately after grad- uation appointed resident physician of his alma mater, serving one year. Came to St. Joseph, Sept. 28, 1866, which place he has made his home ever since. During the location of the county poor house in St. Joseph, for a period of one year, about 1870, Dr. Long was its efficient superintendent and physician. On the removal of the county poor farm to the present farm north of the city, he ceased to act as superintendent of the same, but was continued as county physician up to the period of his resignation. He was for many years a member of the United States Pension board. In chronis diseases Dr. Long has long enjoyed an enviable reputation in St. Joseph and tributary country. He is a successful specialtist in rectal diseases. Dr. Long is a Republican in politics. He represented the Eighth ward in the city council dur- ing 1895-97 and was again elected for two years in April, 1899. CARL LOHR, whose resort is the popular rendezvous for business men, is one of the most popular and most successful caterers in St. Joseph. Mr. Lohr has been the saloon business in St. Joseph for many years and his cir- cle of friends has constantly increased. 538 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. LYMAN G. BIGELOW, photo- grapher and artist, Fourth and Ed- mond streets. Mr. Bigelow began to study art immediately after leaving school, entering the studio of Henri Dolph, an eminent French artist. In i86g he opened a studio in New York city. Then he took up photography, opening a gallery in Detroit, Mich., where he achieved a reputation sec- 1876 he was appointed superintendent of the Centennial Photograph com- pany, where he had charge during the entire exposition. He personally made sittings of most of the foreign celebrities who came tO' the exhibi- tion, among whom was the late Dom Pedro, emperor of Brazil. Large or- ders were given by the emperor, and many thousands were sold to visitors. LYMAN G. BIGELOW. ond to none in the west. He is the inventor of what is known to the pro- fession as "The Bigelow Back- ground,'' which is in use today the world over. In 1875 the editor of the Philadelphia Photographer offered a $100 gold medal for the best series of six negatives to be used in illustrating his journal, competition open to any photographer in the United States. This was awarded to Mr. Bigelow. In Mr. Bigelow had an exhibit in the art department of the exhibition and was awarded a grand medal and diploma for superior excellence and novel ef- fects of lightning. In 1877 he visited Europe, devoting his time to study in the art galleries. In 1879 he per- fected a process of photo-mechanical printing which produced in printing inks the finest pictures at that time made, but which was too expensive to BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 539 be a commercial success. In 1890 he invented a new class of photographic objective, which was patented in this country and provisionally protected in Europe. For this and other inven- tions he was awarded a medal of hon- or and made an honorary member of the Paris Academy of Science and In- ventions, April IS, 1891. This award was received by him since coming to St. Joseph. Mr. Bigelow enjoys the distinction of having been awarded more first class medals and diplomas than any photographer west of New York. The half-tones in this history are from sittings made by Mr. Bige- low. DAVID R. ATCHISON— When Buchanan county was organized it was attached for judicial purposes to the Fifth Judicial circuit, and Hon. Austin A. King of Ray county held the first court. Shortly afterwards the Twelfth judicial circuit, embracing the Platte Purchase and Clinton county, was created and Hon. David R. Atchison of Clinton was made judge, in February of 1841. In 1845. upon the death of United States Sena- tor Linn, Judge Atchison was ap- pointed to fill the vacancy and he served until 1855. He was president pro tern of the senate in 1849, and as the inauguration day of General Zach- ary Taylor fell on Sunday, Senator Atchison, by virtue of his office, was president of the United States for one day. General Atchison was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, a few miles from Lexington, Aug. 11, 1807, and came to Missouri in 1830. Upon his retirement from the senate he lo- cated on a farm in Clinton county. He went into the Southern army dur- ing the rebellion and remained until he became dissatisfied, not with the cause, but with the management of the army. He was essentially a State Right's Democrat of the Cal- houn school. He died on his farm on Jan. 6, 1886. Atchison county, Missouri, and the city ond county of Atchison, Kansas, perpetuate his name. He was a bachelor. GEN. DONIPHAN— Alexander W. Doniphan, whose military ex- ploits are briefly chronicled in a pre- vious chapter, was closely identified with the early history of Buchanan county. He practiced law with bril- liant results both at Sparta and at St. Joseph. He was born in Mason county, Kentucky, July 9, 1808, and came to Missouri in 1830, locating at Lexinton. In 1837 he moved to Lib- erty, where he made his home for thirty years, and then moved to Rich- mond, where he died Aug. 8, 1887. His first military exploits were against the Mormons, and his second was the famous expedition to Mexico. He was most successful as a criminal lawyer. Nature had endowed him muncificently; his presence was mag- netic and his speech fascinating, and he exercised a great and wholesome influence in a broad sphere. JOHN HANAFIN, the well known dealer in milk and ice cream, 218 and 220 South Fifth street, a leader in his line, was born in New York state Dec. 20, 1836, and has been in business in St. Joseph since 1878. Mr. Hanafin began in a small way, but his attention to business and genial manners soon brought him trade and has several times sought larg'er quarters, until finally he erected the commodious double brick now occupied by him. He is a large manufacturer of the very finest ice cream and is always prepared to fill orders for "nything in his line. 540 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. THE M. K. GOETZ BREWING COMPANY is the outgrowth of a small and primitive beginning, and stands as a monument to the thrift and business sagacity of its founder. The first brewery in St. Joseph was that of Joseph Kuechle, started in 1849, the ruins of which still stand on Charles street, between Seventh and Eighth streets. The second was that of Henry Nunning, established in 1855, which stood on Faraon street, between Eleventh and Twelfth street; the third was that of M. K. Goetz & _t m^ 1 ^'^ f**f WILLIAM L. GOETZ. Co., established in 1859, at Sixth and Albemarle streets, the site of the present pretentious plant. Michael K. Goetz, the founder of the last named institution, and the president of the M. K. Goetz Brewing Company, CEme to St. Joseph in 1857, and after working at Nunning's brewery for two years, organized the firm of M. K. Goetz & Co., and established the "City Brew- ery." Mr. Goetz was among the first in the west to brew lager beer, the previous product having been known as "top" beer, and he has kept his es- tablishment well abreast of every im- provement in the art of brewing, so that today it is one of the best and most modern in equipment in the country. This brewery was one of the first to adopt ice machines. From time to time additions were made to the Goetz brewery until now there is an annual producing capacity of 75,- 000 barrels. The recent erection of an immense storage plant at a cost of many thousands of dollars emphasizes the enterprise of this great firm. The product of the M. K. Goetz Brewing Company is noted for its purity and wholesome health-giving qualities. Their "Pepstonic," non-alcoholic, a peculiarly beneficient drink in cases of weakness and indigestion, has ac- quired a wide celebrity, and is found on sale all over the west. Their bot- tled beer, especially the "Country Club" brand, is among the best made, and this fact is attested by the im- mense sale it meets with in St. Joseph and the surrounding country. In 1881 M. K. Goetz acquired the entire interest in the brewery. Hav- ing educated and equipped his sons for business he organized, in 1895, the M. K. Goetz Brewing Company, taking them in. This company was incorpor- ated with a paid up capital of $150,000. William L. Goetz, the vice-presi- dent and superintendent, was born in St. Joseph and educated in the public schools and at Bryant's business col- lege. After working in the brewery for ten years he attended the Ameri- can Brewing Academy in 1893-95, re- ceiving two diplomas., Albert R. Goetz, secretary and treasurer, was born in St. Joseph, edu- cated in the public schools and busi- ness colleges, has been connected with the brewery since 1890 and has charge of the soliciting and collection depart- ments. Frank R. Goetz, chief engineer, who was also born and educated in St. Jo- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 541 seph, became connected with the brewery in 1883 as solicitor. In 1886 he went to St. Louis and practically studied machinery for seven years. In 1893 he returned and took charge of the machinery and refrigerating ap- partus at the brewery. Theodore J. Benkendorff, head bookkeeper, was^born at Waterville, Wis.; came to St. Joseph with his pa- rents at an early age was educated in the public schools and finished in a business college. He has been with the brewery since i8go, and has charge of the office. Charles Stetler, sr., the foreman, served his apprenticeship in the lead- ing breweries of St. Louis and Chica- go, and was for eight years foreman of the Schilling & Schneider brewery at St. Louis. He has held the position of brewmaster at the Goetz plant since 1893- Frank, J. Scheid, foreman of the bottling department, is a man of ripe experience in his branch. He has been in his present place since 1897, prior to which time he was for three years with the American Brewing Co. of St. Louis. WILLIAM KRUMM & SONS— The immense business done from the green houses of this firm shows what can be brought from . a small begin- ning by industry, enterprise and busi- ness integrity. William Krumm, the founder of this business, whose per- sonal sketch appears in the- foregoing pages, located on twenty-five acres at Twenty-eighth and Hickory streets, in 1870, going into debt for his purchase. He had to work hard to keep above water, but finally won. In the later years he was materially aided by his sons, whom he has taken into partner- ship. Theirs is the largest green house and nursery plant in northwest Missouri. There are ten large build- ings, over eighty feet in length, filled with plants and vegetables, heated by steam and equipped with every mod- ern appliance. These people are ever abreast of the times. They raise vege- tables End flowers in the winter in their green houses and ship them to all parts -of the country, finding a ready market always. During the summer their gardens grow vege- tables, berries, fruits, etc. They main- tain a depot in the city at 704 Felix street, where cut flowers and potted plants are sold. They decorate for_ weddings and other social functions and their floral designs for funerals are always admired. Mr. Krumm's sons engaged in business with him are: Frederick W., Henry F., and John. They are all artistic florists. PFEIFFER STONE CO.— This business concern is the oldest of its kind not only in St. Joseph, but in the west, and its operations practically know no confines. The business was established in i860 by Joseph Pfeiffer, an artist in sculpture as well as a prac- tical stone cutter, who came from Ger- many in 1849. The company was in- corporated in 1881, and the present of- ficers are: Charles A. Pfeiffer, presi- dent; Joseph Pfeifler, vice-president, and William Gensen secretary. They are cut stone contractors and quarry- men on a large scale and supply all kinds of stone, in any quantity for building purposes. The yard, at Fourth and Locust streets, is 120x300 feet and equipped with the latest ma- chinery and appliances. Employment is given to upwards of sixty men and the bfisiness extends throughout the west. The Pfeiffer Stone Company has brought much credit to St. Joseph and the gentlemen who compose it have always stood in the front rank 01 workers for the city's fame and ad- vancement. 542 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CENTRAL MEDICAL COL- LEGE, located at Ninth and Felix streets, St. Joseph, is now in the fifth year of its corporate existence, and has a reputation far and wide as an in- stitution second to none in the ad- vantages offered to the student seek- inga thorough medical education. The gentlemen who chartered and conducted the Central College are among the best known physicians of the city or state and their aim was to • make of the new medical college an institution of the very highest class. That aim has been achieved even sooner than many of them expected, and the Central Medical College stands among the best in the country. The college building is admirably lo- cated in the heart of the city, and the various departments are fitted up with the very latest and most complete ap- paratus known to science. Indeed next to the qualifications of its teach- ers, its equipment is the special pride of its founders. St. Joseph, a city of 75,000 inhabitants, offers an ample supply of clinical material, and the laws of Missouri are such as to permit anatomical material to be obtained in abundance. The college course com- plete covers four years, and the high standard set for graduates guarantees its diploma to pass any examination required in any state. The facutly is a particularly able one, numbering among its members Dr. O. B. Camp- bell, A. M., M. D., Dr. T. E. Potter, professor of surgery; Dr. S. F. Car- penter, professor of descriptive and relative anatomy; Dr. M. F. Wey- mann, professor of physiology and opthalmology; Dr. F. G. Thompson, professor of clinical surgery, and many other equally well known and able physicians and surgeons. Dr. T. E. Potter, Seventh and Edmond, is the efficient secretary, and Dr. O. B. Campbell is the president. THE ST. CHARLES HOTEL, corner Fifth and Charles streets, is one of the oldest, and is among the best hostelries in St. Joseph. It was established in 1879 by C. Q. Lew- is and passed through various hands until 1891, when it was taken by Hun- ter & Boone. After eighteen months Mr. Hunter withdrew from the firm and since tliat time George Boone, jr., has been the proprietor. From the beginning his patronage was good, and not a month has passed that has not showed a flattering in- crease, until now the hotel is one of the most popular and most home-like in the city. Mr. Boone has the house entirely refurnished and refitted, and has made it a special object to furnish the very best accommodations at rea- sonable rates. Mr. Boone was born in Manchester, la., Jan. 18, i860. He was educated in the public schools and in i8S3 went to Kansas, locating at Hiawatha and Horton. He was en- gaged in the hotel business at Hia- watha when fire destroyed his prop- erty and June i, 1891, he came to St. Joseph and took charge of the hotel of which he has made such a success. Mr. Boone is a Republican, but does not make politics a part of his busi- ness. He was married in St. Joseph Nov. I, 1892, to Flora, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Resterer of this city. Mr. Boone is peculiarly fitted for the hotel business and the location of his house is one of the most con- venient in the city. R. T. DAVIS MILL CO.— For many years the products of this mill have made St. Joseph famous. The founder of the institution, the late R. T. Davis, strove for excellence and was not satisfied until he had pro- duced a flour which took the highest rank at home and abroad. Mr. Davis BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 543 started in St. Joseph in the old City Mills on North Third street. In 1882 he incorporated the R. T. Davis Mill Co., and erected the present plant, at Second and Edmond streets, the largest mill on the Missouri river. In 1886 the capacity of the mill was increased from 400 to 800 barrels and it is today fully eqvtipped with the most modern of machinery. The mill is 120x140 feet, five stories in height and there is a mamoth grain elevator in close proximity. This institution pays out more money than any other con- cern in the city and has been a decid- ed boom to the commerce of St. Jo- seph. The two high grade flours. Royal Patent No. 10, and High Pat- ent No. I, have obtained an unrivaled reputation, and are regarded as the standard in many states. The Davis "Straight Patent" Blue D. and Red F. are fine medium flours, while Half Patent, Lion and Undine (low grade) command likewise an increasing sale. Premiums were taken at the World's fair, at the Omaha exposition and everywhere where exhibits were made. In 1891 the famous Aunt Jemima Pan- cake Flour was added to the products of this mill, and nothing ever put up- on the market has been so well adver- tised or brought such good returns. "Aunt Jemima" is known all over the United States and Canada, and hun- dreds of carloads are shipped annually to Europe. This product necessitates a separate building and is manufac- tured at Fourth and Mary streets, where during the season employment is given to hundreds of people. Upon the death of Mr. Davis the manage- ment of this extensive business passed into the hands of his son, R. M. Da- vis, who has attained a high place in the commercial world, and who is now the president of the company. He is ably assisted in the management of the business by John R. Owens, the secretary and treasurer. AMBROSE MANUFACTURING COMPANY— This plant, located at Eighth and Monterey streets, which produces architectural iron, was estab- lished in 1871 and the business was organized in 1883. The original firm name was F. W. Ambrose, then Am- brose & Co., then Ambrose, Ford & Co., then Ambrose & Co., and finally The Ambrose Manufacturing Compa- ny. The works consist of a spacious structure, compactly built on an area of ground 93x280 feet. They are spe- cially adapted in construction to the required purpose as will secure prod- ucts almost flawless. The company has met with signal success and gain- ed a trade of the most gratifying pro- portions. As manufacturers of archi- tectural iron work and general brass founders, their goods have a special reputation for strength, durability, economy and perfect working. Fifty hands are employed, many of them skilled artisans. The trade extends through the state and the Northwest. The product of the company's special- ties will bear more than favorable comparison with that of any other es- tablishment in the West. Closely identified with St. Joseph, the Am- brose Manufacturing Company is de- servedly awarded the highest consid- eration. THE ST. JOSEPH ART GLASS CO., 606 South Eighth street, is com- posed of C. H. Zondler, J. J. Blum and G. M. Bose, the latter being man- ager of the concern. They deal in art, mosaic, beveled and jeweled glass for churches, public buildings and residences, and make a specialty of memorial windows. This firm is suc- cessor to the Bose Art Glass Co., and they have built up a splendid trade in their line, standing ready at all times to compete with eastern houses on anything in the way of art glass work. 544 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. E. F. HARTWIG— The wholesale liquor house of E. F. Hartwig, 212 South Third, is known all over the west as one of the leaders in that line of business and the name has come to be a synonym for merit. For per- sonal integrity and sterling worth no man stands higher than Ernst F. Hartwig, a position which he has at- tained by many years of business ex- perience, in which his motto has al- ways been fair dealing. This house was originally founded in 1864 by Maj. H. R. W. Hartwig, brother of E. F. Hartwig, the latter becoming a mem- ber of the firm of H. R. W. Hartwig & Co. in 1869, and this firm, by the exercise of strict business integrity and unbounded energy, forged stead- ily and rapidly to the front and achieved remarkable success. In 1887 Major Hartwig, who had meantime served as mayor of St. Joseph, re- tired, and since then the business has been conducted by Mr. E. F. Hart- wig, and is accompanied by the same success that marked the career of the original firm. Mr. Hartwig was born in the Province of Hessen, Ger- many, where he was trained in the grocery business. In 1862 he came to America and was bookkeeper in the dry goods house of Stix, Eckhart & Co. of St. Joseph for seven years prior to joining his brother in the business which he now conducts, and which he has brought to the high standing it now occupies in the business world. Mr. Hartwig was married March 18, 1868, to Miss Emma Friedrich, and they have had four children. ALBRECHT & HUBER, watch- makeTs and jewelers, 305 Felix street. This is the oldest firm in the city. John B. Albrecht was born at Walds- hut, on the Rhine, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, Aug. 30, 1821. John B. Huber was born at Laufenburg, Canton Aargau, Switzer- land, Nov. 24, 1825. This village is also on the Rhine and opposite the birthplace of Mr. Albrecht. First at- tracted by family ties, then by congen- iality and next by their profession these two men formed a boyhood friendship which has continued with- out interruption through life. They learned watchmaking in Switzerland, worked in France, and in 1847 crossed the ocean in the same vessel, landing at New Orleans. In 1851 they formed a business partnership in St. Joseph; opening in the City Hotel (now Occi- dental). In the following year they moved to the Edgar house (now Tre- mont), added guns, knives and other equipments necessary to emigrants crossing the plains, and did a thriving business. In 1859 they erected the building they now occupy, on the north side of the market square. By thrift and honesty they have built up a business which has brought each of them a handsome competency. There are few instances in the annals of busi- ness that parallel the history of this firm and the uninterrupted compan- ionship of its members. NOYES-NORMAN & CO.— These names have been identified with the commerce of St. Joseph for many years, in connection with the manu- facture and jobbing of shoes. Today the house of Noyes-Norman & Co. is known throughout the country as one of the largest and most reliable of its kind. The -factory, a six story build- ing, occupies the site of the old Saunders house, at Third and Faraon streets, and the salesroom and ware- house and business office are at 209- 211 North Third street. The members of this firm are: Charles W. Noyes, Marius S. Norman, James M. Kemp- er, Maxwell G. Davis, William P. McDonald, and Clayton W. Spon.sler. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH 545 DR. WEBER MEDICAL COM- PANY— Dr. C. L. E. Weber is a spe- cialist whose long continued and ably directed investigation of several of the most dangerous forms of disease and ill health has resulted in his produc- ing sovereign remedies which have come into general use all over the United States. Dr. Weber pursued a now controlled and manufactured up- on a large scale of great magnitude by the "Dr. Weber Medical Com- pany" of this city. Dr. Weber estab- lished in St. Louis over twenty-five years ago, and later on removed to Kansas City, finally permanently lo- cating in St. Joseph in 188.3. Marked success attended his efforts, and in DR. C. L. E. WEBER. thorough and complete course of med- ical studies at the celebrated Jena Col- lege in Germany, graduating with honors, and subsequently acquirin.kj invaluable experience from being a member of the staffs of the leading hospitals, not only of Germany, but also of New York, and thus is pre- eminently qualified to diagnose and treat correctly all forms of disease. The results of his forty-five years of practice are embodied in his specifics. 1887 the present company was duly incorporated. In 1888 a spacious hos- pital and infirmary was on North Sixth street; it is constructed entirely of iron, even to the partitions, and is not only fire-proof, but also impervi- ous to all germs of disease, and the premises are as convenient in arrange- ment as they are handsomely fitted up. Patients are here received and treated under the doctor's direct person.il supervision. Here special attention is 546 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. given to midwifery and rupture cases, and the remarkable success achieved has created a constant patronag:'. The leeding medicine manufactured by the company is "Nervine Specific,'' known as Dr. Weber's great German remedy. THE ROYAL COURT— This is a protectice society with many desira- ble features, and is a St. Joseph insti- tution. The plan upon which this or- der works originated with Dr. Thomas K. Sawyer, who in company with Munson D. Ayers, Frank M. Atkin- son, Charles S. Shepherd and Thomas B. Allen obtained a charter from the state of Missouri on February 15, 1898. This was the first order organized under the new state law governing fra- ternal orders, which requires reports to be made to the state insurance de~ partmen t and enjoins the same re- strictions as those placed about old line companies. All Royal Court pol- icies are paid in full. The first sub- ordinate court was organized in St. Joseph, June 2, i8g8, with three hun- dred members. There have been no deaths and there is now a member- ship of over 800. When the fact is considered that the order is in its in- fancy and that no efforts have been made to push it, this is a remarkable showing. However, a number of dep- uties are now being sent into the field and great results are expected. The founders of the Royal Court have par- ticipated as members in nearly all of the fraternal insurance orders of the past, and profiting by their experience, avoiding their mistakes, building upon fact instead of theory, combining bus- iness methods with fraternal princi- ples, have provided a plan for furnish- ing its members with life and disabil- ity indemnity in the sum of $500.00, $1,000.00, $1,500.00 or $2,000.00, at the lowest possible cost consistent with absolute security. To unite all ac- ceptable white persons not under eigh- teen nor over fifty years of age, of good, moral character, temperate habits, unquestionable sound health, and reputable business or occupation, in a frsternal beneficiary society for the benefit and protection of its mem- bers and their beneficiaries. To pro- vide an elevating and ennobling cere- mony of initiation, connected with_ which there shall be no humiliating or undignified features. To promote and encourage temperance and frugality and to provide moral and intellectual entertainment for its members. The following are the officers of the Royal Court: Royal Chancellor, Munson D. Ayers, St. Joseph, Mo.; Royal Vice- Chancellor, Hon. B. R. Martin, Mary- ville. Mo.; Royal Scrivener, Chas. S. Shepherd, St. Joseph; Royal Master of Exchequer, Frank M. Atkinson, St. Joseph; Royal Counselor, Thos. B. Allen, St. Joseph; Royal Medical Di- rector, Thos. K. Sawyer, M. D., St. Joseph. The general offices are in the Hughes building. CHAPMAN PRINTING CO.- This is one of th* most progressive concerns in the city, and its place of business at 421 Francis street is con- stantly crowded with work. The business was established in 1890, in a small way and has constantly grown. Commercial job printing is the spe- cialty of this house, and no pains are spared to please the patron. The best qualities of paper are always used, the typography and presswork are up to the highest standard and the prices are always moderate. Mr. Louis C. Chapman, the manager, is a business man of much ability and sagacity and has hosts of friends who reserve the'r orders for him. BUCHANAN COUNTY A>^D ST. JOSEPH. 547 R. U. HENRDICK, the jeweler, is known far and wide. His place of business is .^12 Felix street, where he keeps a fine stock of the best of every- thing in the way of jewelry, clocks, watches and silver and plated ware. Mr. Hendrick engaged in this busi- ness in St. Joseph in 1878, the firm at time being known as Saxton & Hen- mail vrier trade is immense, and it can be -^s.ely said that no one who ever ordered from him anything in his line has reason to complain of the goods sent. Mr. Hendrick's city trade embraces the best class of customers in the city, and anything he sells is sure to be up to the standard. G. WALLER. drick. and their store at 509 and 511 Felix street was recognized as the leading house in its line on the Mis- souri river. It was five years ago that Mr. Hendrick moved into his present •commodious quarters, and his trade moved with him. He is a great be- liever in Edvertising, and for many years has used the columns of twenty country papers to place himself before the public. As a consequence his JAMES BARRETT, harnessmaker, 216 South Seventh street, is one of the best known men in his line of busi- ness in St. Joseph. He began busi- ness here seventeen years ago, and has gained the reputation of being a first-clEss mechanic, whose word is al- ways as good as his bond and whose work is always as good as the best. His repair department is one of the best in the city. 548 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. REGNIER & SHOUP CROCK- ERY CO. — This important commer- cia! establishment was founded in Atchison in the latter 6o's by Bern- herd Franz. Then the firm of Franz & Regnier was organized. Mr. Shoup was first a traveling representative of this pioneer queensware house, and the formed a partnership with Charles N, Regnier. In 1883 the parent house was moved to St. Joseph and located on the east side of Third street, north of Edmond. Business is conducted on both the wholesale and retail plans, and the house has been in the lead from the time of its establishment. Enterprise, energy and business ca- pacity placed it in the van and held it there against all comers. The building at 110-112 North Fifth street now occupied by the Regnier & Shoup Crockery Company was erect- ed by the kte Col. A.. M. Saxton. After occupying this house for some time the business was moved to the Hoagland building on Sixth street, north of the Center block. In the costly fire of September 26, 1893 this building and almost the entire con- tents perished. The Regnier & Shoup Company at once re-entered the Sax- ton building, which happened to be vacant and continued business without interruption. The Regnier & Shoup Crockery Company is organized as follows: Charles N. Regnier, presi- dent; Charles H. Shoup, vice-presi- dent, and Henry R. Koch, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Regnier reside.s in Germany and is the buyer, this house being one of the largest importing concerns in the West. Mr. Shoup is general manager, and Mr. K'jch superintends the office. The trade of this house extends throughout the West and Southwest and it has done much to make St. Joseph famous ss a jobbing center. FERDINAND WESTHEIMER & SONS, wholesle liquor dealers,, 205-207 South Third street, St. Joseph,, branch house at Cincinnati. This is. one of the largest liquor houses in the United States, and has brought great fame and credit to St. Joseph as a jobbing center. Mr. Ferdinand West- heimer has resided in St. Joseph for many years and has always been a leader in the matters looking to the advancement of the commercial inter- ests of the city. As his sons grew to- manhood they developed remarkable business talent and as they became associated with their father the house grew until it has reached its present- great proportions, and it has still a- much greater future. Some years ago a branch was established in Cincinnati, which is also a large concern. The- firm is composed of the following members: Ferdinand, Eugene F.,. Morris F., Leo. F. and Henry F. Westheimer. Morris F. and Leo F. Ere in charge of the Cincinnati house. GERMAN-AMERICAN BANK— One of the most prosperous and solid financial institutions in a city full of substantial houses is the German- American bank, which occupies the first floor of its magnificent stone front building at Seventh and Felix streets. The bank was organized in June, 1887, with a paid up capital stock of $100,000, and was located on Fifth street near Francis until Sep- tember, 1890, when it removed to the new building, where it has since con- ducted a successful business. From the start the bank met with the favor of the people because of such staunch citizens as Henry Krug, of the Krug Packing Co., John Donovan, jr., now- general manager of the St. Joseph stockyards, and many others being members- of the board of officers and' directors. The officers of the bank BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 549 now are as follows: Henry Krug, president; Henry Krug, jr., vice-presi- dent; J. G. Schneider, vice-president, and Oscar J. Albreclit, cashier. The banlc has ever pursued as liberal a policy as was consistent with the absolute protection of its patrons, and the rapid increase of its business bears testimony to the confidence imposed in its management by the business men of the city. The official state- ment of April s, 1899, shows deposits of $939,895.22, as compared with $354,600.70 on January i, 1897, an in- crease of 200 per cent in two years. The same statement shows resources of $1,056,860.58, of which $303,197.82 are cash and sight exchange, and $727,648.87 loans and discounts. This is truly a remarkably good showing and speaks well for the conservative manner in which the business has been managed, assuring to the de- positor perfect safety, while extending to the borrower every accommodation consistent with legitimate banking. JOHN S. BRITTMN DRY GOODS CO.— This is rated as the largest exclusive wholesale dry goods house in the West. Its territory com- prises every state and territory west of the Mississippi River from extreme North Dakota to Texas on the south. Twenty-eight traveling men traverse the territory and to them is largely due the enormous increase from a half million in 1873 to over three million dollars in 1898. John S. Brittain, the founder of this house, came west from New Jersey in 1859, and located in St. Joseph. The ten years from i860 to 1870 Mr. Brittain spent mostly in Forest City, Mo., in mercantile pur- suits, returning to St. Joseph in 1871. In 1873 Mr. Brittain bought an in- terest in the firm of John S. Lemon & Company and the firm of Brittain, Overman ' & Company commenced business in the building fronting Third street almost opposite the Pacific Hotel. The business of the firm at that time averaged about a half mil- lion dollars per annum. Mr. Overman died in 1875 and Brittain, Smith & Company succeeded the old firm, Mr. Brittain being senior member. The business steadily increased from the time Mr. Brittain started in 1873 and throughout the entire time of twenty- five years it has always been prosper- ous and progressive. Brittain, Rich- ardson & Company was the style of the firm succeeding Brittain, Smith & Company, until 1892, when the busi- ness was incorporated under the name of the John S. Brittain Dry Goods Company, with capital stock of half a million dollars, all paid in. The pres- ent large structure used by the big firm was erected in 1882 at Fourth and Jule streets. The building is 62x140. six stories high, including basement, and is arranged conveniently for rapid transaction of business. About 150 persons are employed in and around the building, aside from the six hundred employed by the Wood Manufacturing Company ia connection with this house. The officers of the company are: John S. Brittain, president; Robert W. Powell, vice-president; Frank W. Yale, secre- tary; Stoughton Walker, treasurer; Willis Wood and Thos. B. Campbell, directors. DR. ADAM REED, chiropaiist. 107 South Seventh street, is the only one in his line in St. Joseph and has a paying business. Dr. Reed has made a study of easing the foot and has placed upon the market a cushioned shoe that is pronounced a blessing by all who have worn it. Dr. Reed fills orders for these famous shoes from every point of the compass, and has testimonials by the hundreds. 550 BUCHANAN- COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. CHRISTIAN BROTHERS COL- LEGE — This famous school is fre- quently mentioned in the foregoing biographies and its graduates are among the foremost business men in St. Joseph. The Christian Brothers devote their lives to the training of youths for the field of commerce. This is their specialty and in this work they excel). The St. Joseph Com- admirably arranged for school work. The pupils are constantly in the presence of one of the brothers, in their studies, at play, in the dining room and in the dormitory. They are under his guidance and the training thus given insures attention to duty that is valuable to the student throughout his life. The brothers are masters in the art of education, thor- CHRISTIAN BBOTHERS COLLEGE. mercial College, as the Christian Brothers institution here is properly called, was established in 1867 in a building that had been erected ten years before by the late Father James Power, a pioneer priest in Northwest Missouri. Brother Noah was the first director. In 1886 the present impos- ing structure was erected at a cost of $25,000. The college building is oughly familiar with human nature and ever on the alert to correct faults until they are finally overcome. They make good, strong, capable men out of their pupils. The course of studies at the college embraces all that is usually taught in similar institutions, and comprises four departments — pri- mary, preparatory, commercial and •scientific. Music is also taught. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 551 Brother Lewis, the president, is a man of ripe experience and eminently qualified to successfully carry on the work before him. Under his able guidance the institution is in a flour- ishing condition. THE WYETH HARDWARE & MFG. CO.— This is the largest whole- sale hardware, saddlery and tinware house west of the Missouri River. William M. Wyeth embarked in busi- ness in St. Joseph nearly forty years ago in a small way on Market Square. As the rapidly increasing business of the firm of W. M. Wyeth & Co., de- manded it, more commodious sales- rooms were erected, and more capital invested, until today the institution is one of the largest of the kind in this country. In 1864 the firm removed to Third and Felix strreets and remained there until its new salesrooms and office building at Second and Antoine streets were ready for occupancy. The firm was incorporated in 1880 as the Wyeth Hardware and Manufacturing Company, with a capital stock of $300,000. The officers of the company are: William M. Wy-Cth, president; Huston Wyeth, vice-president and general manager; Charles F. Stein- acker, treasurer; G. M. Johnson, sec- retary. The officers are the only stock- holders in the concern. The wholesale hardware and saddlery hardware es- tablishment on North Second street was erected in 1890 and occupied three years later by the other departments. This building is five stories high, with basement, and is 140 by 200 feet. The general offices of the company are also located in this building, where over 150 employes are required to handle the business of the main house. In the harness factory at Second and Jule streets 200 men are employed. The company employs three city sales- men and forty-eight traveling sales- men. The latter cover the entire ter- ritory from the Mississippi River to the Pacific slope, and from the British possessions on the north to the G"lf of Mexico on the south. ST. JOSEPH BREWING CO.— Our two oldest breweries are perpetu- ated by this corporation. In 1894 Jo- seph Kuechle built the first brewery on Charles street bet»-een Seventh and Eighth streets. In 1855 Henry Nunning built the second brewery at the junction of Frederick avenue and Faraon streets. Upon the death of Mr. Kuechle the business of this brew- ery was carried on by his heirs until the formation of the St. Joseph Brew- ing Company in 1887. This corpora- tion operated the plant, which has since been condemned, until 1894, when a lease was made for the famous brewery which the late Henry Nun- ning erected on Faraon street, near Fifteenth street, when his business outgrew the first primitive plant. The product of the St. Joseph Brewing Company has always been in the front rank for excellence and has taken scores of premiums. Their bottled product as well as the draught beer is equal to the best manufactured any- where. The officers of the St. Joseph Brewing Company are: James Self. president; N. G. Schlupp, vice-presi- dent, and A. J. Brunswig, secretary and treasurer. THE BUECHLE ABSTRACT AND TITLE CO., whose office is at No. 120 South Sixth street, is one of the most reliable institution in St, Joseph, and its firm place among the first-class concerns in the business world has been achieved by a strict adherence to^ the motto, "promptn.^ss. accuracy and reasonable charges." The company was organized in 189s, with W. L. Buechle, now United 50^ BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. States surveyor of customs at the head. Mr. Buechle's long connection with the city treasurer's and city au- ditor's offices, where he became famil- iar with the real estate of the city, to- gether with his ability as a bus- iness man and a bookkeeper, peculiar- ly fitted him for the work of making and examining abstr?cts and title and conveyances of all kinds. The com- pany is incorporated and has a com- plete set of abstracts of the property in Buchanan County, from the first survey down to the present day, and a very careful and efficient corps of clerks insure that all work entrusted to the company will be carefully done and its accuracy guaranteed. The firm makes a specialty of drawing conveyances, and a notary in the office is always ready to make acknowledg'e- ments to papers of all kinds. FULLERTON & FULLERTON — The firm of Fullerton & Fullerton was established in 1896 and since that year has enjoyed a steadily increasing business in real estate, rentals and loans. The members of the firm as originally organized were Joseph Aus- tin Fullerton and Alfred S, Fullerton. In May, 1899, the business was greatly strengthened by the addition of the long experience of their father, George D. Fullerton, who moved to St. Jo- seph and is now a resident of this city and an active member of the firm. The senior member was for many years one of the prominent business men of Nodaway County, was influ- ential in politics and ranked high in church and social circles. In Skid- more and the surrounding country he was generally known and succeeded in building up a large loan agency for some of the leading capitalists of high- est standing in the financial world. In uniting his experience with the energy and ability of his sons, Mr. Fullerton completes one of the strong- est realty combinations in Northwest Missouri. The firm is so situated that prompt negotiations of sales may be consummated to the satisfaction ot both contracting parties. Loans on good terms, both for the borrower and the one who loans, are effected. Although one of the youngest in the list of local real estate firms, this is now one of the best known and their methods have made for them a sure standing in the great world of busi- ness of which they are a successful part. TOOTLE-LEMON- & CO., Bank- ers — While St. Joseph is noted for her many solid and substantial commer- cial and financial institutions, ther.; are none among them all that rank higher than the Tootle-Lemon Bank than which no more solid financial concern exists anywhere. This bank was organized in July, 1889, the orig- inal incorporators being Thomas E. Tootle, John S. Lemon, James Mc- Cord and S. M. Nave. Some changes were made in 1898, and the new board of directors consists of John S. Lemon, Milton Tootle, and Graham G. Lacy, the latter being cashier. The first home of this sterling institution was on Fourth street near Francis, but later they occupied their present commodious quarters at 509-511 Felix street. They are now erecting a mag- nificent building of their own at Sixth and Francis which will be a model banking house in every way and which they will occupy in the near future. The Tootle-Lemon is a private bank and this fact makes it one of the safest concerns in the country, because each and every stockholder has a lia- bility for the obligations of the bank only limited by the extent of his means. Every dollar possessed by the stockholders can be held for the BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 553 liabilities of the bank and as these gentlemen are estimated to be worth in the Eggregate at least $15,000,000. it will readily be seen that there can be no danger of loss in doing business with them. Their methods are as lib- eral as is consistent with safe banking, and every transaction, whether large or small, is made on a basis of perfect safety. ABERCROMBIE STONE CO.— No institution has brought greater credit to St. Joseph than the Aber- crombie Stone Yards, located at Fourth and Angelique streets. James Abercrombie, the president of the Abercrombie Stone Company, now in- corporated, is a Scotchman, born in Kincardinshire in 1830. Having be- come a proficient stone cutter he came to America in 1851, settling in New York City. In November of 1866 he came West, locating in St. Joseph and remaining a year, engaging in busi- ness, a member of the firm of Johnson & Co. Then he went to Caldwell County, where he farmed and also car- ried on a stone and marble business at Breckenridge. In 1879 he returned to St. Joseph, and opened in partner- ship with Erath, Johnson & Co., an- other yard. About a year later he engaged in business with his son, Roderick M., the firm being Aber- crombie & Son. This continued until the incorporation was formed. The name of Abercrombie is connected with some of the largest cut stone contracts in the West and the yards, which are equipped with the best and most modern machinery, always pre- sent a busy scene. The officers of the Abercrombie Stone Ccnpany are: James Abercrombie, preident; Wil- liam Hamilton, vice-president, and Roderick Abercrombie, secretary and manager. THE ST. JOSEPH GAS CO.— This company represents the consoli- dation of the St. Joseph Gas and Man- ufacturing Co., and the St. Joseph Light and Fuel Company, which was effected in the summer of 1897. The president of the company is Mr. Emer- son McMillin of New York, who oc- cupies a similar position with refer- ence to the gas companies of several other cities. Mr. W. A. P. McDon- old of St. Joseph is vice-president, and Mr. Ferdinand Labrunerie of St. Jo- seph is secretary and treasurer. The plant is under the general manage- ment of Mr. Kerr M. Mitchell, who successfully managed the affairs of the St. Joseph Gas and Manufacturing Company for a number of years be- fore the consolidation. Mr. Mitchell is an expert in his line and his value is justly recognized by the company. Gas in St. Joseph is sold on a grad- uated scale, large consumers receiv- ing most liberal discounts. The price to the average consumer is $i-.2S per t!:ousand feet, with a discount of 25 cents per thousand if payment is made by the tenth day of each month. The gas company's policy is to treat the consumer fairly and to respond promptly to his complaints; hence the people and the company are on most amicable terms. SANDUSKY & CO.— In review- ing the business interests of St. Jo- seph we find the name of Sandusky one of the most promient, especially in connection with produce, this be- ing the oldest house and the leader in its line. Oliver A. Sandusky came to St. Joseph in 1865, and in October started in the grocery and produce business on the south side of Market Square. He was the first to ship eggs to Boston and New York from the west; his is the oldest produce house in the Missouri valley and his 554 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. name has always been at the head of the business. In 1875 he abandoned groceries and has since dealt ex- clusively in produce. He was many years on Edmond street, and on the 1st of December, 1888, moved into his present location. Here he has a building running from Third street to the square, thus giving him an en- trance at both ends. He handles all sorts of fruits and produce, butter, eggs, potatoes, apples, oranges, lem- ons, farm products, etc. Mr. San- dusky does an increasing trade in every town of any consequence be- tween the Golden Gate and the Hud- son. There is probably no gentle- man in this community who is more highly esteemed and whose judgment has proven so correct. He is a native of Kentucky, was reared on a farm, and came to Andrew county, Mis- souri, in 1855; he did service for the Union in the Ninth Missouri regi- ment and settled in St. Joseph after the war; he is a leading mind in produce circles here. With ample capital, Mr. Sandusky is generally considered a stay of St. Joseph's hap- piness and prosperity. R. L. McDonald & CO.— Dur- ing its existence as a dry good house this was one of the largest institutions of the kind in the west. Now the firm is engaged in the manufacture of overalls, shirts, furnishing goods, etc. Rufus L. McDonald is one of St. Jo- seph's most eminent citizens and his name has been identified with the commerce of this city since 1850, when he entered the house of Donnell & Saxton as a clerk. Having ac- quired a good knowledge of the busi- ness he purchased it in 1853 and by his good management and shrewd- ness brought it into the lead, a posi- tion which it has constantly held. For many years the business was lo- cated at the southwest corner o! Fourth and Felix streets. In r88o Mr. McDonald erected a modern and imposing house at the northwest cor- ner of Fourth and Francis streets, and thus began the magnificent block that extends northward and includes the John S. Brittain building at Fqurth and Jule streets. The fir-m of R. L. McDonald & Co., sent travelers into the west, north and south, going beyond the confines of this country, into Canada and Mexico. The manu- facture of overalls, shirts, etc., was a venture as a side line which proved so successful that the regular dry goods lines were gradually laid aside and manufacturing took precedence. The old Patee house was purchased about twelve years ago and converted into a factory, where hundreds of persons are employed. Recently the dry goods business was abandoned alto- gether and now a massive building, opposite the Patee house, is in pro- cess of construction, to be used also as a wareroom. All goods bearing the "McDonald" brand are recognized as standard for comfort durability and appearance. The firm is now composed of Rufus L. McDon- ald, John I. McDonald, Robert W. McDonald, and Jobn A. Dolman. Rufus L. McDonald is a native of Kentucky, born May 17, 1832, in Horrodsburg. He was married in this city to Miss Mary Wilson, daughter of General Robert Wilson, who lived in Andrew County, and who was appointed United States senator by Governor Hall. MERCHANTS TRANSFER CO. — This is the oldest transfer company in the city. It was started by the late John Burlington in 1874 with three small wagons, and its business grew to great proportions. For many years it was known as the St. Joseph BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 555 Transfer Company, and its bartii were on Penn street, opposite Patee park. Upon reorganization some years ago it was called the Merchants Transfer Company. Its officers are. John Combe, president; Robert W. Winning, vice-president and secre- tary; David H. Blair, treasurer; H. G. Getchell, general manager, and John Burlington, superintendent. Its offices are at 103 South Third street, and the stables on Fifth street, ex- tending for an entire block, from An- gelique south to Messanie. The Mer- chants Transfer Company is one of the best equipped institutions of it? kind in the west. The stock is of a high standard and the vehicles are all modern and strictly first-class. There are numerous pleasure wagons and a specialty is made of carrying parties to resorts. This business of the com- pany is conducted with promptnes.i, correstness and dispatch. The Trans- fer Company is one of the substantial institutions of St. Joseph. It facili- tates the distribution and delivery of merchandise of all and every kind; it receives, goods, seeds, fruits, produce and the like by the carload and dis- tributes the contents to their separ- ate destinations in St. Joseph aiirl elsewhere. The company stands high in public estimation; is honorable and thoroughly reliable and in every way is a representative and leading con- cern. ENGLEHART-DAVISON MER- CANTILE CO.— This is the continu- ation of the first wholesale millinery business established in St. Joseph. In 1866 George J. Englehart formed a partnership with Nelson P. Smith to engage in the wholesale hat and cap business. When the firm was ready for business Mr. Smith was stricken with cholera and died. Major S. A. Garth succeeded Mr. Smith. In l863 INIajor Garth retired and was succeed- ed in the firm by the late Samuel Lockwood, a practical hatter, who had founded the first hat house in St. Jo- seph. The present Johnston-Wood- bury Hat Co. is a lineal descendant of this house. After the consolidation millinery was added, and this was the first wholesale millinery house west of Chicago. The branches were separa- ted in 1890, when two corporations were formed — The Johnston-Fife Hat Company and the Englehart- Winning- Davidson Mercantile Company, the latter taking the millinery business, Mr. Englehart being a large stock- holder in both. Subsequently Mr. Winning retired and the concern is now known as the Englehart-Davison Mercantile Company, being officered as follows: George J. Englehart, president; August Quentin, vice-pres- ident, and James L. Davison secretary and treasurer. The company is quar- tered at 212-214 North Fourth street, occupying five floors. Traveling men reach all points in the great West and the business done by this house is enormous. It is one of the great mer- cantile establishments of the city and has made St. Joseph famous 2S a wholesale millinery point. THE HOTEL DONOVON— Th^s hostelry at Sixth and Edmond streets, which was opened last fall has achiev- ed a reputation throughout the west as an ideal place of rest, comfort and entertainment. The Donovan is one of the best equipped hotels in the West, and travelers everywhere tell of its excellent cuisine, its grand bar and its many comforts and luxuries. Mr. Frank F. Harl, the landlord, hss proven himself especially well quali- fied for the position of host. He takes good care of his patrons and they al- ways come back to the Hotel Dono- van. 556 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. THE STREET RAILWAYS— The equipment of St. Joseph's street rail- way system with electricity "began in 1887, and the consolidation of the va- rious lines began in 1888. For over ten years Mr. W. T. VanBrunt has been the general manager of the sys- tem. Under his able guidance the sys- tem has been equipped to equal the best in the country. Mr. Van Brunt is an enterprising man, and one whom it would be difficult to replace in the hearts of the people of St. Joseph. He has provided them with free entertain- ment at Krug Park, has been a backer of numerous race meetings at the ex- position grounds and also the old- fashioned fair; has extended the street car service to the stockyards and has already begun an extension to Lake Contrary, where he will aid materially in reviving a famous resort. He aims to please the people and he always succeeds. THE ANHEUSER BUSCH BREWING CO. of St. Louis, one of the largest and most celebrated manu- facturers of beer in the world, decided in 1885 to establish a branch office in St. Joseph and in that year they bought the ground at Fifth and Mitchell avenue on which they built their present commodious warehouse. Mr. George Busse was their first gen- eral agent here, the territory tributary to this city being northwest Missouri, southern Iowa, southeastern Nebraska and northern Kansas. In 1887 Mr. Busse was succeeded by Louis Illmer, who had charge until 1892, when he was called to other fields, and the present efficient manager, Mr. Hugo Grebel, assumed charge, and under his management the business has steadily grown until now 150 carloads of the product of the brewery are disposed of annu?l!y by fne' St. Joseph agency. All th; cclcbrat.:d brands of beer made by that great brewery are handled here, including Budweiser, Faust, Black and Tan, Michelob and other -popular brands, both in bottles and barrels. So well known is the name of Anheuser-Busch that lovers of malt drinks need only to see it on a pack- age to be satisfied that they are get- ting the best goods in the market. R. H. FAUCETT MILL CO.— This corporation represents the per- petuation of a name made famous through its flour years ago. Robert H. Faucett, the president, is a native of Queen's County, Ireland, born in 1835 and came to the' United States when twelve years old. In 1853 he came to St. Joseph and worked for some years as carpenter and mill- wright. In 1863 he purchased a half interest in a mill owned by E. M. Davidson, in the southern part of the county. In 1865 he sold out and built a large mill at Halleck, which he operated for fifteen years, gaining fame and wealth. He then operated the old Eagle mill, where he is now located for a time, and then became associated with the late R. T. Davis, severing this connect/on in 1884. After four years of retirement, farming meanwhile, he purchased the Eagle Mills, re-modeled them and has been actively engaged in business ever since. "Faucett's Best" is the leading brand of flour and it is known m every household in this city and the tribu- tary country. The Faucett Mill Com- pany also prepare the "Aunt Sally" pancake flour, a food product which is known throughout the United States and Canada. The officers of the company are Robert H. Faucett, president, and John T. Faucett, sec- retary. The office has been in charge of Arling M. Worden for many years. BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 557 SAMUEL WESTHEIMER, wholesale liquor dealer, is a native of Germany, who came to St. Joseph from New York in 1859. He is en- gaged in general merchandising, and in 1870 went into liquors; he was then on market square. In 1886 he moved into his present quarters, con- sisting of three floors and basement, 20x140 feet. The stock runs about $100,000, and contains many brands uf fine liquors. " Old Homestead," a hand-made sour mash Bourbon is his special brand. He carries also im- ported whiskies, foreign and domestic wines and brandies, also porter, min- eral waters, etc. He imports cham- pagnes, ports, sherries, white and red wines, direct from producers in Eu- rope. The extent of his trade includes Oregon, Utah, Idaho, Montana, New Alexico, and runs up $350,000 annual- ly; it calls for the services of eight men on the road, and seven inside. Mr. Westheimer was seven years in the city council and has always taken an active interest in the advancement of St. Joseph. THE WATER COMPANY— The history of the St. Joseph Waterworks is fully told on page 140. The system has grown and expanded materially since the beginning. The water is pumped from the river, through fil- ters, to the reservoir on the hill, and thence it flows to the city through pipes. The pumping plant consists of two Worthington pumps, each of three million gallon capacity in twenty-four hours; one Gaskill high duty pumping engine, of six million gallons capacity in twenty-four house; one Cope & Maxwell engine of one million gallons capacity in twenty-four hours. A slov/- service engine, of eight million gal- lons capacity, lifts the water to the filter plant, which is located at the pumping station, and which consists of fifteen O. A. H. Jewell filtering tanks, each fifteen feet in height and twelve feet in diameter. There are now three reservoirs, with » combined capacity of 17 million gal- lons. There are now more than eigh- ty-one miles of pipe, the service to the stockyards having just been complet- ed, and there are 501 double-nozzle hydrants on the streets for fire protec- tion. Mr. Charles H. Taylor, the su- perintendent has shown himself a cap- able manager and has made many friends among the people of St. Jo- seph. BROWN TRANSFER CO.— In 1877 Amos M. Brown began, in a rhodest way the business of transferr- ing freight. He had only one team and the first load he hauled was for Mr. Ambrose, the foundry man. From this humble commencement has grown the most extensive transfer and storage business in the west. The Brown Transfer and Storage Com- pany, of whiqh A. M. Brown is presi- dent, William A. Brown, general manager and treasurer, and E. M. Hansen secretary, not only transfers- freight, but has numerous pleasure wagons, the finest bus and carriage line in the west, has the contract for carrying the United States mail be- tween the postoffice and the railway stations of the city, has immense stor- age rooms and warehouses and con- ducts a boarding stable. The head- quarters and stables are at Third ani Charles streets, where the finest and best kept horses are to be seen, and where every kind of modern business or pleasure vehicle in the market may be had, with the best of service and at moderate prices. There is no insti- tution in the west that is more coin- pletely equipped and so well and sys ■ tematically conducted as the Brown Transfer and Storage Company, 558 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. J. B. BRADY CARPET CO.— This is the only exclusive and most reliable carpet and drapery jobbing house in the West. It is also the oldest and the greatest concern of its kind. Th>; house was established over thirty years ago. End its fame extends to the Pacific coast and to the Northern and Southern confines of this country. Seven floors at S07-509-511 Felix street are filled with carpets, rugs, linoleum, oil cloths, mattings, lace curtains, upholstery goods, window shades, curtain poles and trimmings, etc. Six traveling men are employed in the wholesale department and a large force is engaged in the immense retail department. This house has done much to make St. Joseph fa- mous. The J. B. Brady Carpet Com- pany was recently incorporated. Its officers are: J. B. Brady, president; B. C. Robinson, vice-president and treasurer; W. O. Thomas, secretary. The importations of this house an- nually add large sums to the receipts of the St. Joseph custom house. PHOENIX BRICK COMPANY — The first efforts at manufacturing vitrified brick in St. Joseph were not satisfactory, and there was consider- able dissatisfaction over the lack of durability of streets paved with this material. However the Phoenix Brick Company has succeeded not only in overcoming this defect, but in making St. Joseph vitrified brick equal to the famous Galesburg- product. That con- fidence has been restored in vitrified brick is evidenced by the fact that the people in every part of the city are petitioning the council to have their streets paved with the product of the Phoenix Brick Company. Wherever this product is put down there is the greatest of satisfaction and it will not be long before the Phoenix Brick v/ill be the only material used in street paving. Mr. Fred P. Halsey, "tiie manager, is a man of long experience in this business and has surrounded himself with a corps of experts in thi manufacture of vitrified brick, and it will not be long before the Phoenix brick are as famous as those of Gales- burg, for they are fully as good. WILLIAMS & TYMON, practical jewelers and watchmakers, 508 Ed- mond street, are among the substan- tial and well-known houses in this line who by their prompt attention to bus- iness, accommodating manners and strict integrity have drawn to them- selves a good share of the business, in the repairing and manufacturing and also in the sale of new jewelry and timepieces of which they carry an elegant assortment. Mr. E. R. Wil- liams, the senior member of the firm, has been engaged in the business for twenty-one years, being for many years with the former well-known firm of Baldwin & Co., and later with R. U. Hendrick, where he was known as a first-class workman. Mr. Henry Tymon, his partner, is also a practical watchmaker and in the three years they have been asociated together they have earned and still hold the confi- dence of the public, WM. F, UHLMAN, dealer in pho- tographers' supplies, 620 Edmond street, shows a wonderful growth in his business. In 1894 this was estab- lished as a side line by the late Ru- dolph Uhlman, a famous photogra- pher. Under the management of Wni. F. Uhlman, its present proprietor, the business has made wonderful progress and is the leader of its line in the en- tire West. The stock carried by Mr. Uhlman is complete, fresh and clean, and it embraces every requisite of the photographer. The professional as well as the amateur photographer will BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 559 find here the largest and most com- plete outfit of photographic supplies west of Chicago. Tliis house has in stock over fifty styles of kodaks and snap shot cameras, portrait and view CEmeras, all sizes of dry plates, and, in fact, everything to be found in a first-class photographic supply house. Amateur photographers will find in connection with this house a dark roo^m which has been prepared for their especial convenience. Mr. Uhl- man has had sixteen years' experience cS a photographer, and consequently he knows exactly what the trade de- mands, and he has not been slow to meet these demands. H. EHRLICH & SON, butchers' supplies, hides, etc. — This is one of the oldest and most substantial houses in its line in the Missouri valley, and was founded by Herman Ehrlich, who has now associated with him his son William. This firm has its office at Second and Felix streets, and a ware- house at 120 North Second street. They also operate an extensive plant on South Ninth street, near Olive, in the manufacture of fixtures and refrig- erators. This complete establishment is prepared to turn out in a short space of time a large quantity of store fixtures, saloon fixtures and refrigera- tors. Ehrlich & Son's factory is the only concern manufacturing refriger- ators in this city; this alone speaks well for the enterprising firm and Greater St. Joseph. The success of the house of Ehrlich & Son is well merited and demonstrates what pluck and good business judgment can do in this prosperous city. "THE LEADER," Sturges & Waring proprietors, is one of the most popular and best patronized dry goods establishments in St. Joseph or any other western city. In October, 1894, not yet five years ago, this store was opened in the fine new block at 609 £nd 611 Felix street, known as the Michau block, where it is still located The stock of dry goods was unsur- passed in quality and the prices made were such that they at once received a large share of the public patronage, , which has grown steadily, so that in the spring of 1899 an additional room was annexed and the firm now occu- pies three large commodious rooms, which are thrown together by arch- ways and fitted up in the most ap- proved modern style. Millinery and boot and shoe departments have been added to the dry goods feature and the success of the firm may be imag- ined when it is stated that forty per- sons are employed in the house. First-class goods, low prices and fair dealing makes "The Leader" a most desirable place to trade. THE STOCK YARDS BANK— The wonderful increase in the busi- ness at the stock yards and the rapid growth of South St. Joseph, incidental to the coming of Swift -and Morris, created a necessity for a bank. A year ago this want was supplied by the organization of the Stock Yards Bank, with a capital stock of $50,000. From the beginning this institution has flourished and now does an im- mense business. Located in the new Livestock Exchange building it is easy of access to the principal busi- ness factors and is a great conven- ience. The Stockyards Bank carries the accounts of merchants, stockmen, farmers and all others. Business is done on safe lines and the people have the utmost confidence in the institu- tion. Gordon Jones is president, Ernest Lindsay, vice-president, Chas. E. Waite cashier and G. G. Everhard assistant cashier. These are all men of experience and integrity and under their management and direction the institution is bound to iiucceed. 56o BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. J. F. SMITH, contractor and build- er, whose office and residence are on Seneca street, between Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh streets, Wyatt Park, is well known in building cir- cles as being competent and success- ful. He never fails to please his pat- rons and has established a good busi- ness by fair dealing and honesty. RAINALTER GROCER CO.- The name of Rainalter has been famil- iar to the housewives of ,St. Joseph for many years in connection with the grocery business. The house started in a modest way, and for many years had a prosperous business at Sixth and Messanie streets. Later a branch was established at Second and Felix streets, and then the business was con- solidated at 710-712 Felix streets, where it is successfully managed by Rudolph Rainalter, one of the shrewd- est young business men in St. Joseph. Besides groceries there is a first-class meat market and a famojis bakery. W. T. ULLMAN, news dealer, north side of Edmond near Fifth, is one of St. Joseph's most enterprising young men. His business career is just beginning and, judging from the progress he has already made, there is reason to predict a brilliant career for him. THE UNION PRINTING COM- PANY. — The Union Printing Compa- ny, although one of the latest in the field, is enjoying a splendid business and the business extends throughout f-'o™ Patrons who desire good work at fair prices. This company was or- ganized in 1899, succeeding to the job printing business of T. R. Patterson. The company is composed of W. G. pany is composed as follows: Mrs. Campbell, Jr., F. L. Campbell, W. \V. Kate Tootle, Wm. W. Wheeler, Josh- Anderson, James M. Irvine, F. G. ua Motter and Mrs. Frances Dsmeron Sprague and H. A. Sprague, all prac- (nee Tootle). tical printers, who have occupied re- SIMON BINSWANGER, whole- sale liquor dealer, 208 Edmond street, is one of the foremost business younij men in this city. Mr. Binswanger graduated from the St. Joseph High School and then entered the commer- cial field. After traveling for some years he embarked in the wholesale liquor business, in which he has made an enviable reputation and achieved great success. His many customers repose the most implicit confidence in him, knowing him to be thorough- ly reliable. Mr. Binswanger is now pushing a brand of whiskey known as "Famo," which is pronounced by connoisseurs to be a very superior ar- ticle, and which has a wide sale. TOOTLE, WHEELER & MOT- TER — This house is a monument to the commercial ability of its founder, the late Milton Tootle. As Tootle, Hosea & Co., the house made wonder- ful strides, and as Tootle, Wheeler &. Motter it, leads all commercial enter- prises in the west. The same men who made Mr. Tootle and Mr. Hosea famous now figure as merchant princes themselves. In this they have the reward of fidelity, integrity and loyalty. The immense department jobbing house is located at Fourth and Jule streets, and the shirt, furnish- ing goods, and shoe factories are loca- ted on Fourth street north of Felix. Besides this there are warehouses. Hundreds of people are on the payroll the northwest and south, to the out- posts of civilization. The Tootle, Wheeler & Motter Mercantile Com- BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 561 sponsible positions in different news- and local horticultural societies of paper and job offices. James M. Tr- Missouri, Kansas, Iowa and Nebraska, vine_is president of the company, W. and has on its editorial staff the lead- G. Campbell, Jr., vice-president; F, L. Campbell, secretary, and F. G. Sprague, treasurer. The Union Print- ing Company makes a specialty of printing newspapers and periodica!.:, and has several such publications 'n charge. In addition to doing a gen- eral job printing business, the Union Printing Company owns and pub- lishes the Western Fruit-Grower, the leading horticultural paper of the West — in fact, the only paper between the Mississippi River and the Pacific coast devoted exclusively to horticultural topics. This paper has the indorse- ing fruit-growers of those states. The paper was started in 1896, and from the first was popular with the fruit- growers of the West, who had until that time been compelled to depend upon Eastern horticultural literature for information. The last sworn state- ment showed a circulation of lo.ooo copies, and this is continually being increased. Advertising patronage is very satisfactory and profitable to ad- vertisers. The paper is monthly, at 50 cents per year. James M. Irvine his editorial charge of the publication, «nd ment and recommendation of the stite W. G. Campbell, Jr., is manager. INDBX. Missouri. Benton and Barton i Black Hawk War 7 CIVIL WAR Agitation of Abolition 10 Battle of Lexington 15 Battle of Pea Ridge 16 Battle No. of in Missouri 18 Camp Jackson Attacked 13 Centralia Massacre 18 Convention of 1861 11-12 Convention's Second Session 15 Convention's Last Session 20 First Battle 13 Fugitive Slave Law 10 Gov. Stewart's Aim 11 Gov. Jackson's Death , — 15 Gov. Reynolds 15 Gov. Gamble's Death 20 Jackson Favors Secession 11 Jackson's Reply to Lincoln 12 Jackson and Lyon Confer 13 Jackson's Proclamation 15 Kansas Border Troubles 17 Lawrence Massacre IS Liberty Arsenal 12 Lincoln's Election 11 Lyon and Blair 12 Missourians in Confederate Con- gress 15-16 Missourians in Confed. Service — 18 Missourians in Union Army IS Order No. 11 18 Palmyra Massacre 16 Price's Raid 18 Sigel at Carthage 13 Slavery AboUshed 20-21 "Wilson's Creek 14 Cholera in Missouri 32 Congressman Pettis killed 4 Congressmen from This District.. 26-27-28 Constitutional 'Convention 22 Daniel Boone 31 De Soto's visit 1 District of Louisiana 3 Drake Constitution 30-21 Early prospecting parties 1 First Congressman 4 First counties in state 4 Blrst general assembly 4 First Judges of Supreme Court 4 First settlement 2 First things in Missouri 30 Gasconade Bridge Disaster 32 Gov. Bates 4 Gov. Boggs 4 Gov. Brown 21 Gov. Crittenden 22 Gov. Dunklin 4 Gov. Edwards 5 Gov. Fletcher 20 Gov. Francis 23 Gov. Gamble 15 Gov. Hall 20 Gov. Hardin 22 Gov. Jackson (Hancock) 5 Gov. Jackson (Claib. P.) 10 Gov. King 5 Gov. Phelps 22 Gov. Polk ....'. 6 Gov. Price " Gov. Marmaduke (John S.) 23 Gov. Marmaduke (M. M.) 5 Gov. McClurg 21 Gov. MoNair 3 Gov. Miller 4 (Jov. Morehouse 2u Gov. Reynolds o Gov. Stephens 23 Gov. Stewart 6 Gov. Stone 23 CJov. Woodson 21 "Imperial Missouri" 34-35 Imprisonment for Debt 32 Iowa Boundary Contest 33 LaSalle Takes Possession 1 Legislators from Buchanan County. 28-29 Lewis & >jlark 31 Liberal Republican Movement 21 Louisiana Purchase 2 Missouri Admitted 3 Missouri Compromise 3 Mormon War 7-8 Name of Missouri 1-2 New Madrid Earthquake 31 Railroad Debts 32-33 Seminole War 8 Spanish Governors 2 Settlement of St. Charles 2 Settlement of St. Louis 3 State Capital 30 State Senators of this district 28 Territorial Assembly 3 Territorial Governors 2-3 U. S. Senators from Missouri 24-25-23 War with Mexico 9 Whigs Become Prominent 5 Buchanan County and St. Joseph. Adams 73 Agency Ford 73 Agency Township 73 Armour Junction 71 Arnoldsville 68 Assessors, City 136 Assessor, County 64 Asylum No. 2 15') Ax-handle Factories 292 B Banks, of past and present 305 Baptists 190 Bee Creek 73 Blaoksnake Hills Trading Post . . 78-79-80 Bloomington Township 69 Board of Engineers 138 Boards of Trade 308-309 Boiler Inspector 138 Bond Robbery 252 BUCHANAN! COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. 563 Breweries, ancient and modern .. 28S-290 Bridge, The 240-213 Buchanan County, formed and named. U Burnett School House 6S C California Excitement 87-88-89 Candy Factories 294 Carey-Andriano Controversy 61 Catholic Churches 183 Center Township 72 Central Police Station 153 Charities, Associated 164 Charities, Board of 164 Christians 192 Christian Scientists 196 Circuit Attorneys 59 Circuit Court and Judges 48-49-50 Circuit Clerlts 60 City Attorneys 113 City Auditors 133 City Clerks 1S3 City Counselors 136 City Engineers 134 City Government Explained 1C6 City Hall 152 City Hospital 160 City Missionaries 196 City Officers, terms and salaries 13S City of the Second Class 106-1C3 City Scrip 104 Civil War, First Days of 202-203 Collectors, City 133 Collectors, County 63 Common Pleas Court and Judges . 60-51 Constables 65 Contraryj Lake and Creek 41 Commercial Club 309-310 Comptrollers, City 135 Confederates of Buchanan Co. ... 204-205 Congregationalists 194 Convention of '61, Local Delegates... 203 Coroners 63 Councilmen. 1851-1899 127 Council, Powers and Duties 132 County Clerks 62-03 County Court, j? irst 45 County Court and Judges 51-52 County Jail 154 County Officers, Terms and Emolu- ments 66 County Physicians 64-65 County Poor Farms 158 County Prosecutors 59 County Seat, First 45-46 County Seat, Changed 46-47 County Surveyors 65 County Treasurers 64 Court Houses 149 Court House Fire 150 Cracker Factories 294 Craig- Nash Controversy 62 Crawford Township 68-69 Customs Collectors 182 D DeKalb 69-70 Department Commanders and Staffs. 206 Depression of 1873 97 Depression of 1893 99 Dispensary, City 135 Distilleries 291 Distinguished Citizens 328 Distinguished Visitors 329 Doniphan' s Expedition 196-201 Doy, John, Incident 248 Drowning of Five Girls » 272 B Early Churches ]83 Earljr Merchants, etc 82-83 Early Politics gg Earthquake Shocks 270 Easton ' 75 Electric Lighting ...'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.""l43 Elwood 323 Episcopalians 192 Errata 333 Evangelical and Lutherans .'.]'.'.'.'.'.'..[ 193 Execution of Albert O. Jennings 258 Execution of Green, the Slave 259 Execution of Wm. Linvllle 260 Execution of Joe Lanier 261 Execution of A. J. Bowzer .. 262 Execution of Henry Griffin '.. 262 Execution of Jackson Jefferson 263 Execution of Green Willis 263 Execution of John Grable .... 264 Execution of Peter Hronek 266 Execution of Louis Bulling .... 267 Execution of Joe Burries 267 Execution of James Pollard . "268 F Fairs 276-2S2 Fast Horses Here 281 Parris, Tom 246 Faucett 69 Federal Building ]78 Federal Court 182 Federal Troops to Preserve Order ... 205 Felling Precinct 76 Fire Department 114 Fire Department, Chiefs 116 Fires, Important 274 First Church 83 First Circus 84 First Council Meeting 102 First Hotel gi First Newspaper S3 First Settlers 39.40 First Hatchery 331 Flag Torn from Postoffice '.'. 203 Foundries 290 Fraternal and Benevolent Orders !!!! 300 Frazer 75 Free Merchandise IDelivery !!!!!! 332 Friend Family Murder 247 Pritzlein, D. W., Murder of 249 Fur Companies 77 Furniture Factory '. 290 Garretsburg 74 Gas Companies 143 German-English School 169 Glue Factory 292 Glucose Works 293 Grasshoppers 326 H Halleck 69 Hall's Station 72 Hartwig's Artillery Company .331 Health Officers, City ]35 Hemp Raising 283 Herdic Coaches 148 High Schools 169-171 Home for Ex-Slaves 163 Home for Little Wanderers 163 Hotels, Ancient and Modern 295 564 BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH. Improvements During Overland Pe- riod 9-5 Improvements in the 80's 9!i Improvements from 1885 to 1893 99 Insurance Companies 307 Internal Revenue Collectors 181 J Jaclison Township '• — §8 James, Jesse, Murder of 25u Jewish Congregations 195 Jones, Dr., Murder of 246 Judges, Compensation of OS Judicial Districts, County 58 Justices of the Peace .... 53-54-55-56-57-58 K • Kenmoor 72 L. Labor Organizations 303 Lakes and "Water Courses 41 Lake Contrary as City Property 118 Lake Shore Track 281 Lake Station 72 Lake Township 71-72 Lard, Moses E., Reminiscences 521 Latter Day Saints 196 Latitude and Longitude of County... -10 Leonard, the Pedestrian 327 Library, Free Public 119 Librarians 121 Library Boards 121 License Inspectors, City 137 M McDonald Factory Robbery 2,54 Manufacturers Aid Association 307 Manufacturers' Bureau '. 310 Marion Township 74-75 Market Houses 132 Market Master 138 Marshals and Chiefs of Police 110-111 Masonic Lodges 298 Mast, Charles, Murder of r... 249 Mayors 127 Medical Colleges 176 Medical Organizations 330 Memorial Home 162 Methodists 187 Militia Companies 202 Mills, Old and New : 284-286 Missouri Militia 216-218 Mixed Jury, First 32S Mothers' Association 164 Municipal Debts 103-105 Musical Organizations 302 N Natatorium 293 National Guard 218-220 Nave & McCord Building Collapse . . 268 Negroes Killed by Explosion 273 New Bra Exposition 279 New Hurlingen 75 Newspapers, Dead and Living 311 O Odd Fellows Hall Destroyed 273 Odd Fellows 399 Oil Inspector 05 Omnibus Line 147 One Hundred-and-Two River 40 Oregon Battalion 202 Overland Stage 89 P Pacific House Burn'ed 271 Packing Houses at Winthrop 71 Park Boards 119 Parks of St. Joseph 117 Patee House i!95 Paw Paw Brigade 210-214 Paw Paw Junction 71 Pioneer Life 41-42-43 Platte Purchase 36-37-38 Platte River 75 Platte River Bridge Disaster 209 Platte Township, History 66 Police Commissioners and Secretary. 112 Police Court Clerks 113 Police Court Judges 112 Police Department 110 Pony Express 89 Presbyterians 185 Printing Establishments 292 Probate Court and Judges 52 Prosperity Beginning in 1897 99 Prosperity After the War 96 Provost Marshals 207 Public Administratotrs 65 Public Schools, First 167 Pork Packing 286-288 Postof f ice and Postmasters 179 Powder Magazine Explosions 270-274 R Railroads 22.) Railway Mail Service 181 Real Estate Boom 98 Recorder of Deeds G3 Red Ribbon Club 303 Reformed Church 196 Registers, City igz Revival of Business in 1878 '.'. 97 Robidoux Locates 78 Robidoux as a Trader 78 Robidoux Robbed 244 Robidoux Founds a Town '.." SO Robidoux, Charles, Killing of 247 Rope Factories 292 "Rosebud," Destruction of .'. 271 Rock House Prairie 74 Rush Township '" 70 Rushville ' 70 S St. Joseph in 1845-46 85-86 St. Joseph in 1861 Weyer, Geo. H , ,] 535 Whelan, Alex T .....'.'. 451 Whisman, Jas 441 White, Claude M '. 503 White, W. D '■'■ 521 Wickenhoefer, J sqi Wild, Ed. O 377 William & Tyman "558 Wilson, Cyril F 514 Wilson, Jones T 473 Wilson, Jas. M. .. Wilson, Dr. M. H. Winkler, Dr. B. J. Wmston, Thos. A. Witten, James D. . Wise, P. V Wood, Horace Woodson, Dr. C. R, Woodson, Jo. P. .. Woodson, Silas 339 ii'ortrait on Frontispiece Wright, Purd B 350 Wurr, S. B ,521 Wyatt, J. C. , 352 Wyatt, Joseph J 421 Wyatt, George H 507 Wyeth Hardware Co 551 Tenawine, F. P 484 Young, Walter 395 415 483 478 382 423 -194 518 426 364 Ziemendorff, W. A. JQ9 Waller, G 517 I Zimmerman, B. C .."!."..".."!! 438 Waller, G. (picture) 547 | Zondler, Chas 495 i&^MSMMi$'^M^. '"—'". 5 i Is 1 I .'. /* ^-