SD29TL g»tatc College of Agriculture !at Cornell iHntbetsitp Stbata, i?. g. Hibrarp 5th Congress, 1st Session. SENATE. Document Bo. 40. WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. f^ LETTER [HE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, TRANSMITTING, RESPONSE TO SENATE RESOLUTION OP APRIL 14, 1897, A STATEMENT PREPARED BY THE CHIEF OF THE DIVISION OP PORESTRY REGARDING WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. RIL 19, 1897. — Keferred to tlae Committee on Finance and ordered to be printed. Depaetment of Agetculttjrb, Office of the Secretary, Washington, B. 0., April 15, 1897. piR : Pursuant to the resolution of your honorable body, dated April 1897, asking for information regarding white-pine timber supplies, lave the honor to transmit a statement prepared under my direction t the chief of the division of forestry, which will conform at least wi^- \. spirit of the resolution. regret that the information at hand does not permit of a more acise statement of this imjjortaiit question, but believe that the |temeut contains the closest possible approximation to actual facts furnishes a striking argument for the need of rational forest |,nagement. Eespectfully, JAMES Wilson, Secretary. Che President of the Senate. tPOBT ON THE PROBABLE AMOUNTS OF WHITE PINE AND OTHER fONIFEROm TIMBER STANDING- AND ITS CONSUMPTION IN THE 'UNITED STATES. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, Washington, B. 0., April 15, 1897. Chere are no statistics of timber standing in the United States avail- lie which can claim to be accurate in any mathematical sense, nor SDJf7 PL 6' US' 2 ^ WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. would it be possible to ascertain buch, if for no other reason than that the methods of utilization, which are largely dependent on changes of local and market conditions, change the amounts of material considered merchantable, harvested, or sawed from a given forest growth, the conception of what constitutes merchantable timber varying. In the following statement, therefore, only a general survey of the reported facts has been attempted for the purpose of making clear the situation regarding the supply and consumption of coniferous wood in tbe United States. In this the more or less partial estimates of dis- interested parties, combined with a professional knowledge of possi- bilities or probabilities, have been utilized for an approximation to the truth — a statement of probabilities rather than actualities. Ever since the publication of the statistics of the Tenth Census regarding the white pine timber standing — nearly fifteen years — there has been a contention as to their correctness. Time has proven their extreme inaccuracy, for, while then only eight years' supply was sup- posed to be standing, when the annual cut was 10 billion feet, we have, with an increased cut, lumbered white pine for sixteen years and still there is a considerable quantity left. Tet, at last, the end is visible, and even the most sanguine can not longer hide the truth that within the next decade we shall witness the practical exhaustion of this greatest staple of our lumber market. As stated before, even now there are really no statistics upon which to base a correct prognostication as to the date of this exhaustion. Estimates only are available, and estimates of standing timber are pro- verbially unreliable, mostly underestimates, and always to be taken with caution. Furthermore, if an estimate of the duration of supplies of a special kind is to be made, it is necessary not only to know the supplies and the present cut but also to foresee the changes in the cut, the replacement in the market by other kinds, and the economies that may be practiced in the methods of logging, as, for instance, by the reduction in the size acceptable for saw logs, by cutting smaller trees, by the use of band saws, and by closer utilization generally, whereby the duration of supplies can be lengthened. Thus, while the estimates of the Tenth Census were based on a mini- mum log of, say, 10 or even 12 inches diameter, in the present practice 8-inch and even 5-inch logs are used ; while in 1880 hemlock went beg- ging and whitewood had not yet been found to answer as a good substi- tute for white pine, and Southern pine had not yet begun to compete, the interchangeableness of all these species in the market now renders the forecast still more complicated. IfTevertheless, it has become apparent that while white pine will be cut in the United States for many decades, as owners of the stnmpage control their holdings, the enormous amounts which have hitherto been cut annually can not be had beyond the next five or six years, even with Canada to help in eking out our deficiencies. CONSUMPTION. From the statistics of the cut since 1873, compiled by the North- western Lumberman (see Appendix 1), it appears that since that year the stupendous amount of 154 billion feet, B.M., and 83 billion shingles, or altogether in round numbers 165 billion feet of white pine has been cut in the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; and this total may be readily increased, by allowing for cuts in other parts of the coun- try, to over 200 billion feet, B, M., which this single species has yielded WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 3 to build up our civilization in the last eighteen years, an amount to pro- duce which continuously at least 20,000,000 acres of well-stocked and well-kept pine forest would be required. Divided for convenience and comparison into six-year periods, the^dft in the Northwest appears to have been as follows, according tc/ the source cited: J White pine sawed by mills of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. [In billion feet, B. M., round nnmljera.] 1871-1878. 1879-1884. 1885-1890. 1891-1896. 23 2 40 3 48 3 44 SUngles (1,000 — 100 feet, B. M.) 2 25 43 51 46 A total of 165 billion feet, B. M. From 1873, when the cut was about 4 billion feet, the draft on this resource was constantly increased until 1892, when it reached its maxi- mum, nearly 9 billion feet, B. M., and 4^ billion shingles. Then a gradual decline began to 7f billion feet in 1893, 6f billion feet in 1894, rising once more to over 7 billion in 1895, and reaching the lowest output in 1896, with 5J billion feet ; shingle production declining similarly to 1^ billion, which, translated into board measure, raises the requirements for that year to little less than 7 J billion feet. This decline does not necessa- rily indicate any giving out of the supply, but might have been due, and probably was due, to business depression generally and to the competition of other kinds of lumber and shingles. The total output of white pine in 1890, before the maximum was reached and when the cut of the Northwest was recorded for lumber and shingles as a little over 9 billion feet, was placed by the competent agent of the Eleventh Census, in charge of the statistics of lumber manufacture, at 11.3 billion feet of white pine and Norway pine, or about 25 per cent as coming from other regions, while hemlock, spruce, and fir were estimated as furnishing 7.9 billion feet, so that our require- ments of these classes of timber may for ordinary years be placed in round numbers at 20 billion feet. In discussing the question of duration of supplies it can, as stated before, be reasonably done only by considering at the same time all supplies of a similar nature, namely of the white pine, Norway pine, spruce, and hemlock at least, which can be and are used more or less interchangeably, and will be still more so in the future, to meet our immense requirements for this class of material. That these require- ments are not to remain stationary, but have a tendency to increase, may be seen from the development of the wood-pulp industry. While in 1881 the daily capacity of wood-pulp mills was less than 750,000 pounds, it had more than doubled in 1887, and then increased steadily, doubling almost every three or four years, as follows: Pounds. 1887 1,687,900 1888 2,153,500 1889 3,474,100 1890 4,012,200 1891 4,497,200 Pounds. 1892 5,136,300 1893 6,49.5,400 1891 7,231,900 1895 9,027,000 4 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. This last figure may be conservatively estimated to correspond to an annual consumption of probably 800,000,000 feet, B. M., of material. There was imported from 1891 to 1896 wood pulp to the value of $10,337,659, as follows: 1891 $1,902,689 1892 1,820,143 1893 2,908,884 1894 1,664,547 1895 984,692 1896 1,056,704 Total 10,337,659 SUPPLIES. While the above figure of 20 billion feet, B, M., gives a fair idea as to average consumption, which may vary perhaps by 10 per cent one way or the other, we are much less certain as to supplies standing. For Minnesota the chief fire warden of the State has attempted a canvass (see Appendix 2), the result of which would indicate nearly 18 billion feet as standing in the State, including Norway pine, the estimate having been made for 1895. This has been criticised by com- petent judges as much too high; nevertheless, adding the estimates of all other kinds of coniferous wood, some of which as yet remains unused, it is thought that a statement in round numbers of 20 billion feet of coniferous wood in Minnesota fit for lumbering, though large, would be reasonably enough near the truth for our purposes in forecasting the probabilities. For Wisconsin official data are entirely lacking; an estimate of 10 billion as the maximum stand of white pine and Norway pine has been made by a competent lumberman. (See Appendix 3.) As there is considerable hemlock and other coniferous wood in the State, and as it is preferable to overstate, we may treble this amount and take 30 billion feet, a probable overstatement of 50 per cent, as the maximum amount of coniferous timber fit for lumbering standing in the State. For Michigan a canvass from township to township has been made by the commissioner of labor of the State for 1896 (see Appendix 4), which develops an area of 2J million acres in pine and hemlock. If the average stand per acre, which the census of 1890 showed as 6,000 feet for white pine, is applied to the whole area, the amount of timber standing would be 16 billion feet, which, for safety, we may increase by 20 per cent, or say 18 billion feet, of which 6 billion would be white pine. This, too, is supposed to overstate the conditions by 50 per cent. For Pennsylvania the partial returns of the commissioner of forestry would make an estimate of 10 billion feet pine and hemlock appear highly extravagant. In a private communication he estimates the standing timber of white pine at 500 million, of spruce at 70 million and of hemlock at 5,000 mdlion feet, B. M. ' For New York, without much basis, 5 billion may be allowed as an extravagant figure, with a cut of not less than 500 million feet; another 3 billion for New Hampshire; and, with a closer estimate, based on figures given by the forest commissioner of Maine, that State may be given at best not to exceed 10 billion feet of spruce, pine, and hemlock It is well known that in the " Pine Tree" State the white pine is long since reduced to a small proportion of the coniferous wood standino' WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 5 The spruce country is confined to the elevated northern half of the State, north of a line from the White Mountains to Mars Hill, with a spruce-bearing area of probably less than 6,000 square miles. The stand on the two main spruce-producing drainage basins, the Kennebec and Androscoggin, has been estimated at round 5,000 million feet, B. M., with a present cut of round 350 million feet. Partial statistics of the cut are given in Appendix 5, which would indicate a total cut of conif- erous woods in Maine of not far from 500 million feet in 1895 and preceding years. In all these estimates of standing timber the writer has leaned toward extravagance rather than understatement, and thus the total is found to add up 100 billion feet of coniferous growth in the Northern States, of which less than half is pine, to satisfy a cut of at least 18 to 20 billion feet per annum. The writer does not say that in less than six years every stick of pine, spruce, and hemlock will be cut, for such figures as these do not admit of mathematical deductions, but the gravity of the question of supply is certainly apparent. Even doubling the estimates, it is found that, with the present rate and method of cutting, ten years must have exhausted our virgin timber of these classes. We should add that much more intimate knowledge exists now regarding these supplies than was possible in 1880, when much of the country was still unopened and unknown. OTHER SUPPLIES. The Southern pines, to be sure, will enter more largely into competi- tion, as also the cypress and other coniferous woods of the South. The entire region within which pines occur in the South in merchant- able condition comprises about 230,000 square miles, or, in round num- bers, 147,000,000 acres; for land in farms, 10 million acres must be deducted, and allowing as much as two-thirds of the remainder as rep- resenting pine lands (the other to hard woods), we would have about 90 million acres on which pine may occur. An average growth of 3,000 feet per acre — an extravagant figure when referred to such an area — would make the possible stand 270 billion feet, provided it was in virgin condition and not largely cut out or culled. Altogether, the writer has reached the conclusion that, adding all other coniferous wood in the South, an estimate of 300 billion feet would be extravagant, which, added to the Northern supply of coniferous wood, gives a total supply of 400 billion feet to draw from in the Eastern United States; and as the entire cut of these classes of wood appears now to be not less than 25 billion feet a year, and probably is nearer 30 billion, it may be stated with some degree of certainty that not fifteen to twenty years' supply of coniferous timber can be on hand in the Eastern States. In 1886 the writer ventured a statement that there was 600 billion feet of coniferous growth in the Eastern States; the cut was then esti- mated at 12 billion feet. If an average cut of 20 billion for the last ten years be allowed, which is reasonable, the present estimate of 400 billion standing would lend color to the approximate correctness of these figures. If the inquiry is extended to the coniferous growth of the Pacific Coast, which in spite of the distance must finally come to our aid, only partial comfort will be found. The writer's estimate of 1,000 billion feet standing has been by competent judges declared extravagant. The annual cut on the Pacific Coast approaches certainly 4 billion feet, 6 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. hence, adding these figures to those obtained for the East, with 1,400 billion feet standing at best, and a cut of at least 30 billion feet per annum, there w ould appear to be, under most favorable contingencies, not more than forty to fifty years of this most necessary part of our wood supply in sight if the same lavishness in the use of it is continued. To be sure, there is some new growth and reproduction going on. The probability as to the former is that decay and destruction by fire offsets the accretion on the old timber of coniferous growth, and no one familiar with our forest conditions and present methods will indulge in a hope that the reproduction and young growth can materially change the results. Long before any new reproduction can have attained log size we will have got rid of the virgin supplies. ECONOMY. There is, then, only the possible alternative of supplying ourselves from other countries, or of curtailing our cut. In this latter regard the possibility is large. Not only can a much closer utilization of the standing timber be practiced, but a more economical use of the same is reasonably to be expected. As will appear from the figures given, this country consumes of conif- erous wood somewhat over 400 feet, B. M., per capita, while England, which probably has the lowest per capita consumption of wood among civilized nations, being almost entirely dependent upon importation, is able to get along with one-third that amount, and Germany's consump- tion remains below 150 feet, B. M., per capita of all kinds of sizeable wood. The margin within which, therefore, we can curtail our require- ment is large enough to lengthen out our supplies considerably. CANADIAN SUPPLIES. As to importations, there is practically only one country from which such timber can be obtaiued — Canada. The statistician of the department of agriculture of the Dominion of Canada in 1895 estimated the white pine standing at 37.3 billion feet, with an annual cut of nearly 2 billion feet, including spars, masts, shingles, etc., which, as will readily be seen, can not materially change the position stated before, namely, that the next decade must witness the practical exhaustion of this greatest lumber staple. Even allowing 10 billion feet of merchantable spruce, which may be found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, such allowance can not appreciably retard this exhaustion, since the total annual cut of Canadian coniferous wood exceeds 5 billion feet. Fifty per cent may be readily added to the estimates of standing timber in eastern Canada, thus assuming 75 billion feet as on hand, and still Canada's cut alone will exhaust her resources m fifteen years, and this country will assist her to get rid of it in less time. So far the importations from Canada, although rapidly increasing have been insignificant when compared with our home cousumption The importations of all kinds of forest products and wood manufac- tures have been hardly over 1 per cent of our own production, and if we confine the inquiry to coniferous material only, the proportion of the importation of this class of materials rises to hardly 5 per cent of our home production of the same kinds. WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 7 The two tables following, taken from the statements of the United States Bureau of Statistics, show the trade relations of the two coun- tries as regards these classes of imports from one country to the other. Value of imports of wood and wood manufactures from Canada to the United States. [TJnited States Bureau of Statistics.] From— 1893. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick : Free $413, 536 742,875 1, 640, 804 9,012,215 $340,680 888,789 2, 642, 094 9,974,274 $334, 267 658,806 3, 415, 403 7,735,856 $1, 972, 885 179,489 9, 240, 665 960, 778 108, 179 $2,762,630 85, 056 Quebec and Ontario : 11, 700, 851 19, 969 133, 148 Total 11,809,430 13, 845, 837 12, 144, 332 12,451,996 14,701,694 Value of imports of wood and wood manufactures from the United States to Canada. [TJnlted States Bureau of Statistics.] To— 1892. 1893. 1894. 1896. 1896. Nova Scotia and !N"6w Brunswick $115, 110 1, 746, 867 100, 743 $92, 208 1, 990, 831 100, 012 $208. 737 2, 740, 868 111, 914 $190, 196 2, 416, 728 146,423 $216, 977 2, 723, 459 British Columbia 152, 079 Total 1,962,720 2, 183, 051 3,061,519 2, 753, 347 3, 092, 515 Exports of coniferous products from Canada to United States, [In millions of teet, B. M., rounded off.] Coniferous products. 1877-1882. 1883-1888. 1889-1894. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. Logs: 8 years. 5.5 9.0 2.2 6 years. 9.5 26.6 4.6 6 years. 20.0 86.9 604.5 5.0 23.0 74.0 5.9 21.0 127.0 5.2 17.9 277.9 2.2 25.0 212.2 4.8 15.2 Piue 157.7 Totallogs 16.7 40.7 611.4 102.0 163.9 301.0 239.4 177.7 Luiaber : Deals 31.5 43.5 965.8 1.4 14.9 3.9 (a) 108.7 64.8 1, 132. 9 .8 21.8 1.6 (a) 204.5 260.7 3, 098. 1 .7 132.2 165.5 (a) 63.0 38.7 651.4 .2 33.4 51.0 89.4 759.1 42.5 42.8 1, 018. 3 44.2 44.0 549.6 48.8 62.3 Boards, scantling, etc. Masts, spars, and other Shingles 720.5 40.3 36.5 65.8 45.7 Pnlpwood blocks 30.0 62.0 61.5 76.3 100.0 Total manufactured 1, 061. 1,330.6 3,861.7 806.7 1, 001. 8 1,201.6 779.8 967.3 Total coniferous 1,077.7 1,371.3 4, 463. 1 908.7 1,155.7 1,502.6 1,019.3 1, 145. a Too small to be stated in millions of feet, B. M. To arrive at an idea of the extent to which we have so far drawn on our neighbors for coniferous supplies, an attempt has been made in the following table to segregate from the trade and navigation reports of the Dominion of Canada those items which have reference to this dis- cussion, translating into board measure approximately the returns given in other measures. These figures are probably somewhat below the 8 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. truth, but are sufficiently accurate for the present purpose, and are, moreover, the only ones available: Logs imported from Canada. Pine logs. Spruce logs. Hemlock logs. Quan- tity, M feet. Valne. Price perM feet. Quan- tity, M feet. Value. Price perM feet. Quan- tity, M feet. Value. Price perM feet. ]884 974 380 2,869 6,350 468 10,839 32, 144 36, 699 73, 963 127, 084 277, 947 212, 231 157,400 $8,012 2,300 24,452 49,242 3,875 94, 287 261, 626 313, 281 651,540 1, 066, 355 2,359,951 1, 860, 319 1, 423, 489 $8.23 6.05 8.52 7.76 8.28 8.70 8.14 8.54 8.81 8 32 8.49 8.77 9.06 6,820 11, 165 17,641 17, 526 20, 714 20, 360 26, 073 28, 494 23,404 21,103 17, 926 25, 095 15, 182 $31,793 49,449 81, 874 88,773 99, 450 137, 298 156, 898 168, 334 141, 168 123, 254 107, 250 90, 990 86,076 $4.66 4.43 4.67 6.65 4.80 6.74 6.02 5.56 6.02 5.84 6.00 3.64 6.67 4,818 3,629 6,881 4,206 4,512 6,420 2,952 2,210 5,057 5,880 5,217 2,217 4,761 $19,168 14, 752 28,076 17,447 18,383 24,261 12, 288 9,802 21,426 26, 036 19, 713 9,017 18, 607 $3.98 1886 1886 1887 4 16 1888 4 07 1889 . . . 3.78 4.17 4.44 4.24 4.43 3.77 4.06 3.90 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1896 1896 It will be seen that each six years' period shows an increase, and that the exports of the last three years were only 25 per cent lower than those of the six preceding years. The largest imports were recorded for 1894, when nearly 1^ billion feet partly manufactured coniferous wood and 300 million feet of logs of conifers were imported. This latter importation Increased steadily up to that time, furnishing raw material mainly to our Michigan mills, whose home supply is largely gone. In the importation of logs it is interesting to observe that they increased in quantity without reference to the existence or absence of the export duty which the Canadian Government imposed in 1886 and abolished in 1891, and the price per M feet also seems uninfluenced. The necessity for these supplies to our mills, especially the mills of the Saginaw (Michigan) district, began to assert itself in 1886, the very year the export duty was imposed to prevent, if possible, these exports of raw material, and has grown constantly, the decline In 1895 and 1896 simply marking the general business depression. It will be evident from these statements that our virgin coniferous supplies must share the fate which the buffalo has experienced, unless a practical application of rational forestry methods and a more economic use of supplies is presently inaugurated. Since coniferous wood repre- sents two-thirds to three-fourths of our entire lumber wood consumption and its reproduction requires more care and longer time than that o^ hard woods, the urgency of changing methods in its use and treatment will be apparent. WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 9 Appendix 1. Comparative statement of the white pine lumber product of the Northwest from 187S to 1896, inclusive. [Compiled by Northwestern Lnmbennan.] Locality. 1894. 1893. 1892. Dnluth district St. Croix Biver Chippewa River Lumber line (C, St. P., M. & 0. E.B.) "Wisconsin Eiver Mississippi iUyer M-iscellaneoufl mills — Minne- sota Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and StPaulEwy "Wisconsin Central R. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and "Western Rwy "Wolf Eiver Miscellaneons mills — Wiscon- sin 364, 392, 765 166, 785, 000 206, 548, 688 148, 466, 773 1," 092,' 746,' 462 114, 546, 339 181, 418, 261 182, 990, 831 206, 116, 454 47, 000, 000 340, 435, 350 473, 914, 966 207, 600, 000 278, 131, 000 212, 807, 651 I,' 544,' 525,' 530 74, 180, 000 249, 366, 160 291. 396, 544 291, 035, 185 66, 745, 000 367, 695, 913 173, 140, 000 265, 530, Oil 178,942,410 398, 919, 727 162, 214, 909 292, 766, 097 237, 369, 742 441, 400, 000 198, 860, 000 316, 897, 012 266, 876, 643 1, 413, 417, 811 85, 650, COD 329, 102, 105 262, 017, 145 292, 063, 135 66, 495, 350 331, 554, 357 1, 543, 012, 126 37,701,870 362, 623, 994 340, 634, 126 321, 597, 810 67, 983, 173 320, 782, 202 1, 761, 829, 090 37, 700, 000 164, 990, 621 403, 478, 121 409, 700, 984 68, 817, 350 318, 291, 365 Total, west of Chicago district 3, 051, 445, 913 4, 101, 962, 363 3, 765, 598, 237 4, 085, 596, 676 4, 688, 840, 186 Green Bay shore district ... Cheboygan Manistee Ludlngton "White Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake MiscellaneouB mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district. . Total, Chicago district . . Chicago and West Michigan Grand Bapids and Indiana E.B Detroit, Lansing and Northern E.B Flint and Pere Marquette E. R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R. R Miscellaneous mills — Michi- gan 1,613,231,561 Total, railroad and in- terior mills The Saginaw Valley. Lake Huron shore — Total, Saginaw district. Lake Erie points.... Grand total...... 639,678,224 . 75,500,000 211,801,069 55, 306, 034 12, 112, 000 48,249,379 470, 589, 855 1, 816, 639, 555 8,489,000 95, 843, 820 14, 500, 000 29, 470, 249 85, 270, 000 154, 362, 000 387, 926, 069 316, 797, 879 196, 787, 419 513, 585, 298 71, 925, 107 6, 538, 112, 948 749, 253, 796 102, 362, 000 250, 116, 874 68, 212, 745 16, 575, 000 40, 907, 946 300, 000 588, 911, 194 1, 754, 053, 632 33, 746, 479 140, 168, 203 14, 975, 000 18, 444, 950 85, 609, 119 196, 145, 987 489, 089, 738 388, 266, 202 229, 546, 308 617, 811, 610 67, 895, 432 7, 093, 398, 698 696,830,466 87, 800, 000 261, 536, 338 93, 765, 581 14, 066, 000 127, 510, 272 500, 000 472, 044, 976 871, 480, 222 105, 115, 684 239, 648, 406 92, 345, 685 18, 000, 000 131, 286, 000 1, 000, 000 570, 436, 791 972, 828, 418 114, 000, 000 297,319,746 120, 557, 296 28, 500, 000 263, 716, 426 800, 000 548,413,966 2, 029, 311, 788 30, 677, 833 150,832,829 21, 068, 000 33, 021, 000 90, 701, 003 175, 140, 218 53, 318, 794 186,840,326 37, 945, 000 65, 494, 552 86, 811, 307 142, 208, 247 501, 440, 883 571, 618, 226 482, 558, 546 210, 614, 301 693, 172, 847 594, 410, 676 264, 067, 808 858,478,484 48, 846, 050 54, 743, 284 6, 763, 110, 649 7, 699, 748, 458 2, 336, 135, 851 97, 820, 717 177, 811, 234 11,600,000 80, 692, 820 147, 269, 222 133, 635, 000 648, 918, 993 705, 969, 027 456, 048, 366 1, 162, 017, 3 66, 836, 000 8, 902, 748, 423 10 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the white pine lumber product of the Northwest from, 187S to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. Dulntli district St. Uroix !River Chippewa River LumDer line (C, St. P., M. and O.R.E.) Wisconsin River Mississippi River Miscellaneous mills — Minne- sota "Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Rwy "Wisconsin Central Railroad- . . Milwaukee, Lake Shore and "Western Rwy "Wolf River Miscellaneous mills —"Wiscon- sin Total, west of Chicago district 3, 937, 709, 918 Green Bay shore district Chaboygan Manistee Ludington "White "Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneous mills— Chicago and Lake Superior district. . Total, Chicago district- . - Chicago and "West Michigan Ewy Grand Rapids and Indiana R.R Detroit, Lansing and Northern R.R 7 ITlint and Pere Marquette R.R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R.R Miscellaneous mills — Michi- gan Total, railroad and in- terior mills The Saginaw Valley- , Lake Huron shore Total, Saginaw district.. Lake Erie points Grand total 287, 781, 000 190,717,450 328, 954, 021 246, 304, 357 243, 252, 488 205, 292, 262 394, 622, 292 260, 540, 754 1, 493, 396, 836 46, 900, 000 351, 462, 502 365, 588. 498 285, 208, 395 103, 375, 000 823, 806, 671 87, 800, 000 278, 097, 201 146, 909, 748 24, 785, 000 337, 166, 763 2, 600, 000 475, 804, 519 2, 176, 959, 902 103, 820, 543 165, 182, 516 20, 453, 793 68, 588, 694 129, 329, 627 70, 535, 100 557, 910, 273 762, 901, 386 437, 655, 633 10, 656, 919 70, 000, 000 7, 943, 137, 012 1, 582, 907, 021 41, 665, 000 434, 373, 846 336, 977, 627 283, 269, 308 104, 840, 000 267, 484, 449 4, 136, 130, 947 881, 355, 613 127, 640, 000 280, 495, 172 150, 605, 714 28, 500, 000 433, 960, 663 32, 668, 392 470, 723, 201 2, 405, 848, 545 138, 382, 923 191, 650, 684 30, 984, 023 77, 829, 402 132, 731, 668 02, 066, 534 1880. 221, 903, 300 150, 869, 000 305, 416, 348 251, 4C2, 430 1, 343, 737, 412 43, 030, 000 372, 047, 125 292, 359, 359 264, 807, 237 109, 463, 941 249, 272, 808 1888. 278, 283, 573 187, 648, 238 314, 192, 782 282, 499, 375 1887. 243, 460, 068 136, 663, 300 325, 783, 661 286, 449, 692 3, 594, 367, 960 918, 919, 821 105, 568, 034 284, 126, 271 136, 406, 109 24, 875, 000 490, 912, 236 38, 798, 309 481, 752, 676 633, 644, 134 816, 767, 948 597, 863, 141 1,413,631,089 76, 250, 000 8, 664, 604, 716 2, 481, 368, 356 146, 479, 116 230, 830, 778 58, 830, 000 78, 208, 644 145, 767, 101 63, 712, 237 723, 827, 866 836, 184, 171 601, 594, 924 1, 437, 779, 095 68, 600, 000 8, 305, 833, 277 1, 489, 798, 477 48, 458, 747 342, 164, 712 313, 721, 068 203, 183, 626 119, 333, 887 3, 768, 453, 946 730, 187, 2R4 96, 600, 000 262, 830, 261 130, 681, 881 64, 250, 000 626, 588. 166 52,543,416 412, 897, 501 2, 376, 578, 509 133, 992, 589 221, 956, 670 96, 118, 721 74, 079, 140 129, 185, 921 44, 939, 824 700, 272, 865 876, 300, 087 621, 689, 053 1, 497, 989, 140 55, 422, 000 8,388,716,460 1, 262, 778, 448 24, 071, 334 296, 139, 945 313, 428, 000 183, 761, 300 100, 812, 293 136, 382, 109 3, 307, 700, 150 672, 669, 330 87, 443, 000 258, 328, 476 137, 260, 380 84, 323, 440 665, 449, 921 52, 000, 000 382, 408, 475 2, 339, 873, 022 121, 996, 525 295, 774, 248 84, 349, 932 95, 441, 220 124, 392, 261 11, 408, 000 733, 362, 186 766, 375, 696 556, 865, 730 1,322,231,428 64, 7507000 7, 767, 916/784 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 11 Comparative statement of the white pine Ivmier product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive — Contiuued. Locality. 1886. 1885. 1884. 1883. Duluth district St. Croix River Chippewa Eiver Lumber Line (C, St. P., M. & O.E.E.) ■Wisconsin Eiver Hississippi Kiver Miscellaneous mills— Minne- sota "Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Ewy Wisconsin Central E. K Mil., Lake Shore & Western By Wolf Eiver Miscellaneous mills— Wiscon- sin 193, 387, 095 127, 603, 242 347, 492, 315 281,485,131 161, 850, 000 161, 531, 745 372, 966, 872 274, 111, 604 243, 967, 300 149, 686, 881 454, 544, 723 288, 095, 526 191, 093, 103 124,464,190 428, 852, 505 276, 545, 180 154, 528, 950 113, 453, 471 414, 994, 735 196, 999, 934 1, 326, 158, 802 30, 026, 000 200, 314. 613 275, 272, 408 128,515,211 99, 033, 779 105, 839, 571 1, 437, 889, 793 27, 495, 000 214, 993, 317 229, 225, 000 87, 630, 000 130, 900, 000 70, 435, 146 1, 414, 294, 695 6, 900, 000 271, 720, 795 301, 993, 232 99, 232, 878 142, 672, 196 75, 538, 631 1, 290, 062, 690 42, 050, 000 254, 607, 810 282, 000, 000 1,372,319,903 236, 205, 388 142, 220, 000 127, 251, 625 149, 104, 690 145, 438, 461 154,462,954 Total, west of Chicago district Grreen Bay Shore district Cheboygan Manistee Lndington White Lake Mnskegon &rand Haven and Spring Lake. Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district.. 3, 115, 128, 167 3,169,018,977 3, 448, 646, 767 3, 134, 331, 793 2, 931, 924, 196 590, 740, 912 97, 500, 000 244, 359, 885 115, 200, 000 75, 347, 648 620,334,164 73, 663, 069 279, 698, 669 587, 067, 001 60, 447, 464 220, 759, 776 85, 632, 040 94, 576, 430 543, 409, 637 86, 250, 000 299, 078, 276 601, 804, 134 83, 200, 000 237, 522, 675 98, 848, 490 84, 261, 555 639, 952, 668 120, 617, 335 370, 063, 365 686, 644, 708 82, 000, 000 219, 710, 682 128, 832, 122 76, 760, 000 646, 263, 886 160, 946, 998 119, 921, 680 638, 020, 113 74, 461, 788 236, 823, 335 136, 248, 861 108, 328, 251 643, 780, 512 192, 706, 632 158, 013, 233 Total, Chicago district Chicago and West Michigan Ewy Grand Eapids and Indiana E.E Detroit, Lansing and Northern E.E PUntandPere Marquette E. E. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central Miscellaneous mllls~Michi>- 2, 196, 844, 347 1, 977, 220, 624 2, 236, 270, 112 2, 111, 070, 076 2, 188, 371, 665 90, 573, 762 367, 072, 251 106, 393, 937 83, 923, 610 112, 716, 447 13, 675, 000 103, 926, 889 240, 404, 203 116, 163, 504 87, 030, 475 100, 028, 930 16, 082, 000 100, 567, 700 312, 961, 877 126, 092, 378 107, 481, 946 95, 255, 374 46,673,447 196, 576, 368 306, 367, 900 129, 672, 500 110, 024, 786 76, 345, 788 64, 413, 608 206, 911, 000 329, 610, 668 102, 748, 000 112, 633, 562 72, 650, 000 97, 861, 000 Total, railroad and in- terior mills 774, 319, 007 663, 641, 001 739, 032, 722 883, 900, 850 922, 409, 230 The Saginaw Valley . Lake Huron shore 784, 891, 224 499, 685, 698 725, 976, 037 464, 937, 916 978, 564, 984 431, 268, 479 961, 781, 164 478, 070, 903 1,012, 951, 211 441, 966, 134 Total, Saginaw district. . Lake Erie points Grand total 1, 284, 576, 922 1, 190, 913, 953 1,409,833,463 1,439,852,067 1, 454, 017, 345 64, 500, 000 62, 300, 000 51, 250, 000 55, 635, 000 64, 523, 380 7, 425, 368, 443 7, 063, 094, 556 7, 936, 033, 064 7, 624, 789, 786 7, 552, 150, 744 12 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the white pine lumber product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. Duhith district St. Croix River Chippewa River Lumber line (C, St. P., M. & 0. E.E.) "Wlaconsin River Mississippi River Hiscellaiieons mills — Minne- sota , "Wisconsin Valley Bivision, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Panlfiy , Wisconsin Central R. K Milwaukee, Lake Shore and "Western Rw,T "Wolf River Miscellaneons mills — "Wiacon- 1881. 87, 866, 000 124, 020, 474 380, 390, 917 1880. 36, 000, 000 111, 380, 000 350, 632, 000 28, 500, 000 84, 230, 000 343, 665, 000 1878. 10, 500, 000 61, 941, 000 154, 119, 000 1877. 53, 341, 000 157, 046, 000 1, 163, 191, 303 163, 747, 000 688, 141, 000 105, 809, 000 480, 698, 000 124, 923, 000 606, 090, 000 ISO, 499, 000 182, 499, 000 141, 902, 000 142, 236, 000 138, 849, 000 208, 000, 000 150, 218, 000 104, 739, 000 226, 854, 000 270, 176, 000 Total, west of Chicago district 2,459,315,694 2, 072, 257, 000 Green Bay shore district Cheboygan Manistee Lndington White Lake Mns kegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district.. Total, Chicago district.. Chicago and West Michigan Ewy Grand Rapids and Indiana R.R Detroit, Lansing and Northern R.R r. Flint and Pere Marquette E. E. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R. R Miscellaneous mills — ^Michi- gan 632, 387, 607 73, OUO, 000 208, 729, 064 123, 168, 945 140, 010, 042 661, 845, 423 191, 696, 077 180, OOO, 000 2, 110, 837, 148 109, 210, 936 267, 940, 292 114,158,080 130, 920, 704 84, 187, 079 200, 000, 000 Total, railroad and in- terior mills The Saginaw Valley Lake Huron shore .. Total, Saginaw district. . Lake Erie points Grand total 906, 417, 091 982, 320, 317 313, 966, 499 1, 296, 286, 816 6, 768, 856, 749 605, 756, 488 79, 173, 653 197, 050, 311 118, 377, 297 91, 451, 458 591, 201, 649 136, 919, 658 82, 420, 492 1, 801, 361, 006 68, 380, 000 174,785,000 71, 530, 000 92, 681, 000 63, 275, 000 163, 000, 000 628, 651, 000 862, 453, 000 286, 583, 000 1, 149, 036, 000 5, 651, 296, 006 90, 907, 000 120, 000, 000 96, 398, 000 135, 500, 000 1, 573, 198, 000 1, 023, 974, 000 1, 063, 298, 000 74, 195, 000 1, 531, 540, 000 87, 804, 000 146, 503, 000 92, 673, 000 80, 650, 000 95, 615, 000 ISO, 000, 000 653, 246, 000 736, 106, 000 312, 854, 000 1, 048, 960, 000 4, 806, 943, 000 67, 526, 239 68, 923, 000 1, 251, 080, 759 65, 000, 000 128, 508, 000 99, 450, 000 59, 642, 000 93, 600, 000 120, 000, 000 1, 138, 165, 496 28, 750, 000 139, 129, 000 104, 216, 000 76, 711, 000 143, 800, 000 133, 000, 000 666, 100, 000 674, 163, 000 214, 155, 000 624, 606, 000 640, 166, 000 129, 098, 000 788, 318, 000 3, 629, 472, 759 769, 264, 000 3, 696, 333, 496 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 13 Comparative statement of the whitepine lumber product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. 1876. 1875. 1874. 1873. Duluth district St Croix Eiver 66, 793, 000 255, 867, 000 75, 520, 000 274, 077, 000 60, 200, 000 282, 199, 000 Lumber line (C, St. P., M. & 0. R. B.) . 141, 700, 000 700, 819, 000 119, 600, 000 617, 397, 000 121, 600, 000 675, 443, 000 MiscellaneouB mills— Minnnesota W isconaiu V alley iJiTisioii, uliicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Ewy ■Wisconsin Central K. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and "Western Rwy. 138, 645, 000 145, 050, 000 163,737,000 110, 000, 000 185, 000, 000 85,000,000 170, 000, OOO 70, 000, 000 Miscellaneous mills — "Wisconsin Total, west of Chicago district. 1,448,874,000 1, 360, 331, 000 1,309,442,000 1,363,000,000 313, 086, 000 45, 500, 000 146, 425, 000 104,724,000 79, 600, 000 296. 334, 000 58,500,000 74, 360, 000 274, 356, 000 20, 400, 000 160,826,000 94, 800, 000 64, 000, 000 330,400,000 83, 100, 000 84,080,000 233, 769, 000 29,500,000 152, 508, 000 92, 225, 000 51,800,000 309, 200, 000 80, 964, 000 94, 826, 000 283,000,000 41, 100, 000 183, 246. 000 83, 670, 000 88, 580, 000 329, 689, 000- 117,535,000 100, 000, OOO Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and TotaL Chicatzo district . 1, 118, 629, 000 1, 120, 962, 000 1,044,291,000 1,226,819,000 Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Grand Eapids and Indiana R. R Detroit, Lansing and Northern R. R. riint and Pere Marquette E. R Mackinaw Division, Michigan Cen- 37, 250, 000 126, 250, 000 88, 3511, OUO 71, 935, 000 141,750,000 124, 000, 000 56, 970, 000 147, 825, 000 104, 950, 000 82, 357, 000 155,850,000 200, 000, 000 40, 615, 000 112, 000, 000 66, 700, 000 89, 475, 000 114,550,000 236, 000, 000 50, 600, 000 130, 000, 000 76, 400, 000 55,303,000 60, 300, 000 260, 000, OOO Miscellaneous mills — Michigan Total, railroad andinteriormills 589,535,000 747,952,000 669,340,000 621,603,000 573, 958, 000 148, 150, 000 581, 558, 000 157,750,000 573, 833, 000 164,600,000 619, 867, 000 172, 491, OOO Total, Saginaw district 722,108,000 739, 308, 000 738, 233, 000 792, 358, OOO 3,879,046,000 3,968,653,000 3, 751, 306, 000 3,993,780,000 14 Comparative WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. of the aUngle product of the Northwest from 187S to 1896, inclusive. Xooality. 1896. 189S. 1894. 1893. 1892. Duluth diatrict 45, 383, 500 37, 532, 600 104,211,750 29, 931, 000 89, 501, 000 36, 822, 000 137,604,000 49, 252, 600 70, 234, 500 69, 717, 000 138, 675, 250 75,491,750 102,120,750 59, 455, 750 174, 567, 260 110,781,000 134, 226, 000 87, 839, 000 188, 243, 500 Lumber Line (C, St. P., M. and R K) 147, 767, 260 284, 963, 750 14,911,250 46, 801, 500 19,683,000 43, 968, 760 9,894,000 78, 224, 000 408, 452, 000 11,416,000 69, 129, 650 43,181,750 97, 919, OOO 22,678,750 111, 202, 200 424, 954, 250 18, 626, 000 119, 604, 000 69,420,000 162, 651, 260 24, 460,000 165, 630, 000 545, 263, 350 11, 372, 000 110, 701, 000 115, 794, 250 169, 340, 000 28, 246, 000 111, 667, 260 746, 165, 500 Miscellaneons milla — Minne- 4, 450, 000 WiBConsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. PaulEwy ■Wisconsin Central E.B Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Kwy...... . ... 218, 764, 000 129,589,260 290,266,000 44, 566, 000 102,263,750 Miscellaneons mills— Wlscon- Total, -west of Chicago district - 715,405,000 1, 077, 158, 850 1, 299, 063, 000 1,539,308,600 2, 094, 119, 250 Green Bay Shore district 322, 402, 000 21,700,000 217, 517, 000 11,601,000 15, 285, 000 40,676,750 278,760,500 34, 302, 000 259, 737, 500 22,859,500 21, 800, 000 53,825,000 330, 085, 260 31,200,000 245,289,000 38, 848, 000 27, 048, 000 62,262,000 301,708,760 43,401,000 269, 483, 500 37, 668, 750 29, 700, 000 75, 953, 000 306,941,400 50, 000, 000 345,969,423 51,322.250 60, 000, 000 169, 392, 000 "White Lake Grand Haven and SpringLake. Miscellaneous mills- Chicago and Lake Superior district. . 136, 664, 000 149, 662, 000 160, 672, 000 215, 906, 9S0 204, 340, 260 Total, Chicago district .. 766, 805, 750 820,946,500 895, 394, 260 973, 821, 950 1,187,965,323 Chicago and West Michigan 15,000.000 33, 103, 000 8,900,000 29, 000, 000 28, 600, 000 132,893,000 26,027,750 52, 635, 000 12,360,600 44, 250, 000 41, 612, 750 226, 266, 600 33, 630, 500 95, 985, 000 25, 457, 000 79, 733, 760 83, 265, 000 325, 103, 850 98, 361, 600 134,722,000 28, 460, 000 108, 099, 600 83, 322, 760 256,923,600 96,344,000 145, 451, 953 28,326,000 163,876,500 85, 325, 000 189,826,000 GrandBapids andlndianaK.K. Detroit, Lansing and Northern R.E Mint and Pere Marquette E.E. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central E.E Miscellaneousmilis— Michigan Xotal, railroad and inte- rior mills -. 247, 496, 000 403, 042, 600 643, 176, 100 718,879,350 38, 180, 750 90, 017, 950 49, 843, 000 114, 377, 750 88, 307, 250 95, 753, 250 112, 826, 000 76, 333, 000 Lake Huron shore Total, Saginaw district. . 128, 198, 700 1, 856, 905, 450 164, 220, 750 2, 465, 368, 600 184, 060, 600 3,021,682,850 189, 169, 000 288, 762, 250 3,421,168,900 4, 279, 995, 276 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 15 Comparative statement of the sMngle product of the Northwest from 187S to 1896, inclusiie — Continued. Locality. Duluth district St. Croix Kiver Chippewa Kiver Lumber Line (C, St. P., M. &O.K.B) Wisconsin Eiver Mississippi River Miscellaneous mills — Minne- sota — ■Wisconsin Valley Division Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Kwy Wisconsin Central R. E Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Rwy Wolf River Miscellaneous mills — Wiscon- Total, west of Chicago district 1891. 93,101,000 71, 759, 000 182, 171, 500 132, 994, 750 661, 825, 250 1, 950, 000 159, 965, 250 114, 206, 000 255, 936, 250 72, 933, COO 84, 212, 000 1, 821, 064, 000 Green Bay shore district Cheboygan Manistee Ludington White Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Sprin e Lake Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district .. Total, Chicago district .. Chicago and West Michigan Grand Rapids and Indiana R.E Detroit, Lansing and Northern B R Flint and Pere Marquette R. R . Mackinaw Division Michigan Central R.R j Miscellaneous mills— Michigan Total, railroad and inte- rior mills The Saginaw Talley . Lake Huron shore — 246, 177, 250 11, 600, 000 318, 642, 000 90, 991, 250 25, 883, 000 191, 117, 250 157, 799, 250 1, 042, 110, 000 Total, Saginaw district. . Grand total 77, 594, 000 78, 654, 000 85, 674, 750 129, 625, 000 95, 746, 500 119, 183, 250 85, 682, 500 86, 605, 760 191, 507, 600 136, 899, 160 689, 836, 600 6, 900, 000 194, 693, 000 144, 981, 900 226, 551, 750 80, 181, 000 115, 467, 000 1, 958, 346, 150 349, 101, 250 3, 000, 000 404, 378, 600 114, 422, 750 41, 000, 000 364, 721, 000 1, 461, 113, 600 586, 477, 600 226, 938, 000 78, 513, 000 306, 461, 000 3, 766, 092, 600 97, 895, 000 93, 172, 000 162, 466, 000 176, 820, 000 132, 891, 000 118, 788, 250 1889. 100, 326, 750 64, 925, 250 178, 779, 760 142, 133, 250 710, 491, 800 11, 376, 000 200, 408, 600 132, 343, 260 246, 350, 000 60, 690, 500 122, 886, 750 1, 966, 710, 800 389, 196, 000 8, 600, 000 584, 946, 760 101, 484, 600 42, 000, 000 347, 201, 760 141,676,500 1, 679, 004, 000 125, 166, 000 146, 400, 000 206, 571, 000 204, 966, 750 107, 999, 000 64, 407, 000 111,261,250 68, 712, 750 159, 020, 000 127, 368, 000 585, 804, 350 23, 635, 000 167, 726, 500 130, 081, 600 91, 793, 000 67, 382, 000 1, 572, 634, 360 281, 497, 260 6, 600, 000 582, 394; 500 97, 630, 000 47, 132, 600 601, 157, 000 4, 000, 000 122, 182, 000 1, 642, 493, 260 I 782, 032, 260 221, 345, 600 72, 987, 000 294, 332, 600 4, 487, 824, 500 4, 698, 976, 800 222, 246, 250 86, 606, 000 308, 751, 260 117, 431, 000 175, 882, 760 331, 420, 600 206, 764, 260 106, 653, 200 24, 169, 000 962, 320, 700 263, 784, 000 73, 414, 601 337, 198, 601 4, 514, 646, 801 1887. 84, 496, 000 48, 674, 250 134, 791, 260 111, 546, 000 461, 399, 600 17, 088, 000 126, 776, 600 lu2, 223, 500 89, 914, 000 57, 592, 000 41, 901, 000 1, 326, 302, 000 242, 832, 260 11, 000, 000 433, 131, 750 79, 657, 500 52, 020, 600 620, 631, 7i)0 41, 275, 000 113, 808, OOO 1, 494, 266, 750 136, 856, 750 298, 208, 000 351, 386, 000 159, 411, 260 63, 500, 000 36, 160, 000 1, 046, 512, 000 196, 983, 000 63, 413, 000 250, 396, 000 4, 116, 466, 760 16 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the shingle product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. 1886. 1885. 1881. 1882. Daluth district St. Croix Eiver Chippewa River Lumber Line (C, St. P., anaO. B. K.) "Wisconsin River . Mississippi River Miscellaneous mills — Minne- M. 64, 370, 500 42, 186, 750 216, 125, 990 157, 657, 600 67, 050, 000 51, 527, 250 196, 937, 000 146,688,000 68, 165, 250 48, 819, 000 192, 382, 600 134, 332, 250 49, 767, 000 51, 336, 000 136, 612, 260 51, 736, 500 64, 059, 250 162, 845, 950 65, 837, 000 Wisconsin "Valley Division, Chicago Milwaukee and St. Paul Rwy Wisconsin Central R. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Rwy Wolf Eiver Miscellaneous mills — Wiscon- 520, 594, 250 21, 740, 000 109, 458, 600 140, 645, 760 83, 040, 000 45, 768, 760 45, 278, 500 610, 118, 000 15, 355, 000 122, 409, 250 142, 537, 000 89, 655, 000 75, 812, 000 30, 124, 000 593, 326, 000 950, 000 138, 621, 200 193, 872, 000 55, 324, 250 108, 871, 750 51, 155, 000 538. 262, 000 13, 635, 900 163, 091, 250 216, 958, 000 578, 928, 000 165,241,000 108, 397, 000 106, 627, 000 73, 628, 000 142, 292, 500 156, 400, OOO Total west of Chicago district 1,446,756,490 1, 647, 212, 500 1, 675, 818, 200 1, 406, 653. 000 1,484,719,200 Green Bay shore district Chehoygan Manistee 1 Ludington i... White Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake. Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district . . Total, Chicago district . . Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Grand Rapids and Indiana E.E Detroit Lansingland Northern E.E flint and Pere Marquette E. R , Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central E.E Miscellaneous mills — ^Michigan Total, railroad and inte- rior mills 222, 082, 350 9, 000. 000 507, 388, 500 118,161,750 50, 653, 000 458, 100, 000 124, 670, 000 135, 031, 000 246, 478, 000 4, 000, 000 482, 9U7, 000 55, 5B7, 000 73, 535, 000 383, 841, 600 97, 627, 250 104,467,600 140, 738, 760 3, 000, 000 610, 334, 050 46, 918, 500 68, 380, 000 327, 525, 500 133, 322, 000 117, 714, 250 172, 470, 750 7, 000, 000 722, 869, 139 41, 307, 750 39, 555, 000 225, 629, 000 147, 834, 000 83, 940, 000 139, 223, 333 721,999,000 84, 091, 250 38, 000, 000 121, 398, 250 57, 000, 000 211, 716, 875 1,625,986,600 1,448,326,250 1, 436, 933, 050 116, 017, 000 403, 999, 750 472, 029, 6005 148, 035, 260 62, 100, 000 12,150,000 102,374,500 244, 248, 000 391,420,000 206, 608, 000 35, 075, 750 1, 500, 000 73, 868, 000 378, 579, 000 497, 567, 000 224, 660, 000 2, 650, 000 30, 729, 260 1, 440, 606, 639 134, 077, 000 220,563,000 178, 335, 000 209, 575, 000 18, 306, 250 53, 807, 500 1, 373, 428, 708 134,054,500 267, 927, 000 182, 018, 000 253, 417, 000 8, 650, 000 100, 000, 000 1, 214, 331, 500 981, 226, 250 1, 208, 053, 250 814, 668, 760 896, 066, 500 The Saginaw Valley. Lake Huron shore . . . 227, 463, 000 62, 993, 120 227, 739, 750 53, 469, 000 281, 325, 500 57, 696, 000 244, 631, 750 58, 297, 500 278, 514, 000 61, 549, 260 Total, Saginaw district.. Grand total 290, 456, 120 281, 208, 760 339, 021, 500 302, 929, 250 340, 063, 260 4, 577, 530, 710 4, 257, 973, 750 4, 569, 826, 000 3, 964, 756, 639 4, 095, 277, 658 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 17 Comparative statement of the ehiiigle product of the Northwest from 187S to 1896, inclusive — Continued. Locality. 1878. Duluth district St, Uroix River ,. Cliippewalliver Lumber line (C, St. P., M. andO.E.il.) . 24, 650, 000 71, 887, 000 124, 141, 250 ■Wisconsin River Mississippi River MiscellaneonB mills — Minne- 419, 723, 343 sota . 7, 500, 000 52, 958, 000 87, 926, 000 40, 300, 000 73, 016, 000 35, 506, 000 60, 458, 000 27, 9S0, 000 55, 448, 000 289, 658, 000 169, 439, 000 208, 331, 000 144, 450, 000 179, 900, 000 102, 007, 000 242, 865, 000 Wisconsin Valley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Rwy "Wisconsin Central R. R Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Rwy Wolf River Miscellaneous mills — Wiscon- sin Total, west of Chicago district 1,192,493,343 106, 140, 000 108, 834, 000 81, 300, 000 93, 700, 000 162, 117, 760 175, 000, 000 144, 411, 000 166, 630, 000 83, 167, 000 200, 000, 000. 66, 066, 000 175, 300, 000 100, 736, 000 133, 000, 000 924, 083, 000 Green Bay shore district Cheboygan Manistee Ludington White Lake Muskegon Grand Haven and Spring Lake. Miscellaneous mills — Chicago and Lake Superior district. . Total, Chicago district-. Chicago and West Michigan Rwy Grand Rapids and Indiana E.R Detroit, Lansing and North- ern R.R riintand Pere Marquette E.R. Mackinaw Division, Michigan Central R.R Miscellaneousmills— Michigan Total, railroad and inte- rior mills The Saginaw Valley . Lake Huron shore -.. 179, 212, 626 601,890,000 92 109,000 36, 088, 000 89, 000, 000 175, 000, 000 85, 000, 000 189, 561, 000 1, 250, 000 440, 469, 000 66, 707, OOn 47, 245, 000 58, 003, 000 168, 000, 000 45, 881, 000 1, 258, 299, 626 100, 000, 000 167, 842, 286 157, 659, 000 212,814,313 30, 000, 000 80, 000, 000 Total, Saginaw district- - Grand total 1, 007, 116, 000 66, 292, 000 186, 581, 000 97, 049, 000 152, 360, 000 40, 428, 000 200, 000, 000 748, 315, 599 304, 02n, 600 42, 872, 750 346, 898, 250 3,646,Q06, 8)7 742, 700, 000 241,075,160 67, 938, 000 299, 013, 160 ,2, 972, 912, 160 774, 263, 000- 661, 785, 000 194, 941, 000 3, 000, 000 366, 684, 000 52, 715, 000 65, 400, 000 36, 000, 000 118, 000, 000 61, 775, 000 898, 515, 000 75, 277, 000 274, 869, 000 119, 314, 000 90, 275, 000 81, 875, 000 250, 000, 000 891, 610, 000 218, 934, 750 75, 800, 000 294, 734, 750 169, 560, 000 2, 600, 000 340, 116, 000 25, 000, 000 55, 000, 000 16, 000, 000 110, 000, 000 60, 000, 000 778, 166, 000 71, 000, 000 192, 90O, 000 133, 300, 000 133, 450, 000 100, 500, 000 275, 000, 000 906, 150, 000 153, 989, 750 61, 400, 000 662, 636, 000 156, 875, 000 4, 800, 000 205, 000, OUO 20, 000, 000 51, 000, 000 36, 00(1, 000 68, OUO, 000 50, 000, 000 585, 176, 000 65, 500, 000 328, 460, 000 298, 184, 000 166, 030, 000 144, 000, 000 225, 000, 000 216, 389, 750 2, 869, 112, 750 2, 561 , 190, 750 1, 227, 174, 000 167, 9717755 53, 900, 000 221, 871, 755 2,696,856,755 S. Doc. 40- 18 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Comparative statement of the sUngle product of the Northwest from 1873 to 1896, inciusive — Continued. Locality. 1876. 1875. 1874. 1873. "Diilnth diatriot 30, 196, 000 79, 250, 000 51, 525, 000 72, 500, 000 23,900,000 63, 000, 000 35, 000, 000 65, 000, OUO 106, 250, 000 313,172,000 77, 150, 000 338, 903, 000 45, 026, 000 318,052,000 53, 800, 000 299, 650, 000 "Wiaconain Talley Division, Chicago, Milwaukee ana St Paul Rwy WiBconBin Central E, K 132, 700, 000 84, 000, 000 22, 000, 000 Milwaiikee, Lake Shore and "Western Rwy 123, 192, 000 48, 400, 000 150, 225, 000 37,600,000 164, 650, 000 62,000,000 168, 480, 000 Miaoellaneons miUs— Wisconsin 46, 860, 000 Total, west of Chicago district. 833, 169, 000 811, 803, 000 688, 627, 000 668,790,000 107, 200, 000 9, 000, 000 189,000,000 18, 000, 000 61, 000, 000 32, 000, 000 46, 000, 000 48, 000, 000 63, 200, 000 8,500.000 148, 500, 000 16, 115, 000 20,000,000 28, 100, 000 40, 000, 000 46, 000, 000 126, 300, 000 8,000,000 129, 500, 000 15,000,000 30, 000, 000 26, 000, 000 38,000,000 52, 000, 000 108,450,000 7 900 000 120,000,000 8, 000, 000 29, 600, 000 22, 750, 000 36, 000, 600 60, 000, 000 "White Lake Grand Haven and Spring Lake Miscellaneona milla— Chicago and Total, Chicago district 509. 200, 000 370, 315, 000 424, 800, 000 393, 100, 000 Chicago and West Michigan Rwy (Jrand Rapids and Indiana R. R Detroit, Lansing, andNorthern R. R . Flint and Pere Marquette R. R Mackinaw Division, Michigan Cen- tral K.R 149, 375, 000 219, 250, 000 189, 450, 000 146, 300, 000 221, 450, 000 350, 000, 000 101, 485, 000 206, 400, 000 158, 148, 000 161, 800, 000 114, 487, 000 300, 000, 000 106, 000, 000 249, 000, 000 100, 000, 000 118, 500, 000 92,800,000 400, 000, 000 80, 000, 000 200, 000, 000 90, 000, 000 120, 609, 000 15, 100, 000 400, 000, 000 MisceUaneoue mills — Michigan Total, railroad and interior 1, 275, 825, 000 1, 042, 320, 000 1, 066, 300, 000 905, 799, 000 204, 346, 725 78, 000, 000 224, 030, 240 67, 350, 000 208,489,555 85, 000, 000 218,394,660 91,350,000 Total, Saginaw district 282,346,725 291, 400, 240 293, 489, 555 309, 744, 560 Grand total 2,900,530,725 2,515,838,240 2,473,216,566 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. 19 Appendix 2. Summary of estimates of coniferous wood standing in Minnesota, 1896. [Compiled from report of State chief fire warden.] [Feet, B. M.] County. Whit« pine, mil- lion. Norway pine, mil- lion. Jaclc pine, mil- lion. Spruce, million. Cedar, million. Tama- racls, mil- lion. Aitkin 375 120 1,500 1 1.6 560 800 25 75 60 350 (a) (a) Beltrami (a) Cass 6.4 100 150 5 Carlton '. . (a) 200 10 200 Coolj Crow "Wing 10 (a) 10 Enlibard 450 0.2 2,200 150 1,500 500 18 2 800 450 3,200 2 6 300 50 Zeanti .. -. S.'iO 30 100 100 Lalie 200 40 7 0.4 300 150 700 0.075 30 60 200 400 MiUelacs ia) Ottertail (a.) Pine .. .. (a) ioo 450 St. Lonis Todd 400 300 40O (a) 100 Total 12,050 14,424 3, 017. 875 3,412 640 640 1,060 1,050 1,010 1,010 60O The summary given by the chief fire warden is as follows 460 a Small amounts reported. Appendix 3. Estimates of white pine standing in State of Wisconsin, 1895. County. Ashland Barron* — Bayfield .-. Burnett*,.. Chippewa". Claris;* Douglas Florence - . . Forest Iron Lau glade. .. Lincoln Marathon*. Marinette . . Oconto Oneida Feet,B.M. 400, 000, 000 Small amoants. 1, 700, 000, 000 Smallamonnts. do do 1, 300, OOO, 000 400, 000, 000 900, 000, 000 200, 000, 000 200, 1 00, 000 600, 000, 000 Small amounts. 700, 000, 000 200, 000, 000 600, 000, 000 County. Portage*... Price Sawyer Shawano*.. Taylor Vilas "Washburn . "Wood* Allowance for starred (*) counties Probable cut tlnce 1895. Timber standing Feei,B.M. Smallamonnts. 400, 000, UUO 500, 000, 000 Smallamonnts. 400, 000, 000 400, 000, 000 300, 000, OUO Smallamouuts, 9, 200, 000, 000 800, 000, 000 10, 000, 000, 000 2, 000, 000, 000 8, 000, 000, OOO Total assessment valuation of the counties, estimated, for 1895 121,513,227 Farm property, according to census 1895, 1,111,546 acres, valuation 6,208,645 Balance assessment on woodlands, round numbers ■ 15,000,000 20 WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Appendix 4. Coniferous iiniber standing in Michigan, 1897. [Compiled from fourteenth annual report of the State commissioner of labor.] County. Alcona. - Alger ... Allegan - Alpena. - Antrim - Arenac. Bay. Benzie ... Berrien . Calhoun. Charlevoi.^ Cheboygan Chippewa Clare Crawford Delta Dickinson Emmet G-enesee Gladwin Gogebic Grand Traverse. Gratiot Houghton Huron Ionia Iosco Iron Isabella Kalkaska Kent Keweenaw Lake Lapeer Leelanau Number acres of standing pine in county. 1,640 22, 800 82 80 5,800 160 61, 000 1,950 230 1 2,835 7,595 69, 940 440 13, 000 39, 021 23, 780 1,540 225 3,160 32, 800 4,369 30 41, 750 4B0 20 2,700 31, 860 1 28, 759 471 9,888 9,052 120 IsTumber acres of standing hemlock in county. 13, 620 46, 064 70 15, 440 12, 639 2,677 117, 000 9,720 3,540 200 10, 934 33, 446 119, 570 6,880 1,300 111, 408 12, 100 26, 160 15, 740 47, 000 9,032 66, 180 90 6,060 20, 400 7,680 21,636 1,000 15, 080 2,635 55 6,900 County. Livingston Luce Mackinac Macomb Manistee Marquette . - . , Mason Mecosta. .-..-- Menominee . . . Midland Missaukee Montcalm Montmorency . Muskegon Newaygo Oakland Oceana Ogemaw Ontonagon Osceola Oscoda Otsego Ottawa. - Presque Isle . . Roscommon... Saginaw Sanitac Schoolcraft ... Shiawassee ... St. Clair Tuscola TanBuren — "Wexford Total., Number acres of standing pine in county. 4 5, 000 10, 663 6,627 85,690 13, 912 10 19, 890 10, 912 120 12, 780 355 2,665 20 73 3.760 63, 280 1, 120 21, 700 17, 266 20 9,086 4,920 2,103 10 61, 367 700 105 20 1,700 Number acres of standing hemlock in county. 775, 208 12, 000 58, 700 "12,' 813 90, 006 4.360 13, 627 65, 090 720 21,280 760 15, 330 470 2,221 6,437 6,105 207, 160 12, 158 4,000 6,965 1,600 27, 981 12,440 20 105,218 1,420 "i6,'926 1, 468, 106 Appendix 5. Coniftfi'ouB lumber out in Maine since 187S. KENNEBBC EIYEE AND AFFLUENTS. [Compiled from books of log.driving companies.] Tear. Million feet B.M. Tear. MiUioufeet B.M. 1872 153.9 178.6 121.1 124.8 153.8 62.1 118 131.4 141.3 238.9 209.1 206.2 1884 1873 1885 182.5 414.7 165.4 1874 1886 . . 1875 1887 1876 1888 1877 1889 227 5 1878 1890 1870 1891 236 2 1880 1892 224.9 271 174 165.7 1881 1893.. 1882 1894 1833 1896. . WHITE PINE TIMBER SUPPLIES. Coniferous lumber cut in Maine since 1872 — Continued. PENOBSCOT EIVIER. [In millions of feet, B. M.. ]^rom books of surveyor-general.] 21 Tear. Pine. Spruce. Hemlock, etc. a Total. Tear. Pine. Spruce. Hemlock, etc. a, Total. 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 40.2 32. (J 24.2 22.3 in. 6 14.7 19.6 17.9 17.7 33.7 33.4 26.5 176.9 129.3 135.2 116.7 82.1 85.5 81.4 92.0 91.6 104.7 122. 5 115.3 23.4 17.3 17.4 15.7 13.4 17.7 21.3 12.7 14.2 15.9 16.2 19.4 246.5 179.2 176.8 154.7 116.1 117. 9 122.2 122.6 123.6 164.3 172.1 161.2 1884 1885 1886 1887 1B88 1889 1890 189) 1892 1893 1894 1895 24.7 30.5 28.6 29.1 30.9 27.9 28.3 23.1 26.9 22.4 25.4 27.2 84.4 94.4 100.9 102.7 114.3 121.7 129.5 118.2 105.0 81.4 117.0 91.5 10.2 17.9 17.1 17.8 19.6 20.7 21.3 23.7 28.6 21.4 19 25.5 125.3 142.8 146.6 149.6 164.7 170.3 179.1 165.0 160.4 129.2 161.4 144.2 a Including probably bard woods. o