(50rn0U Untocrattg SIthrarg JItiiata, ^tta ^mb lnar5.a,D.Vutvcl: Z733 F87°'^"^" '^"'^^''"y Library °^tlinillilllllllllIllllllill!llMffiii&°"^' Library olin 3 1924 029 532 441 'M Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029532441 RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. From portrait painted for the White House by Daniel Huntington, a copy of which by Carl Rakemann hangs in the Hayes Memorial Building. DEDICATION The Hayes Memorial Library H^ and Museum 1^ In honor of Rutherford Birchard Hayes Spiegel Grove State Park, Fremont, Ohio _cx j;pB-p A MAY 30, 1916 Edited by Lucy E. Keeler Under the auspices of The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society COLUMBUS, OHIO: PRESS OF THE F. J. HEER PRINTING CO. 1916 I- OFFICERS OF THE OHIO STATE ARCH^OLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. G. Frederick Wright President George F. Bareis ist Vice President Daniel J. Ryan 2nd Vice President E. O. Randall Secretary Edwin F. Wood Treasurer W. C. Mills Curator Trustees. D. J. Ryan, L. P. SCHAUS, F. W. Treadway, G. Frederick Vv'right, W. O. Thompson, Webb C. Hayes, George F. Bareis, H. E. Buck, E. F. Wood. Hon. James E. Campbell, Hon Myron T. Herrick, Prof. B. F. Prince, E. O. Randall^ W. C. Moore, W. H. Cole. (3) THE DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL AT SPIEGEL GROVE, FREMONT, OHIO, TUESDAY, MAY 30, 1916. Memorials of our greatest statesmen have taken many forms and had their rise through various agencies. Mount Vernon, the home of Washington, was rescued from obHvion by a private association whose rules and fees still control its view by the public. Lincoln's modest home in Springfield, 111., and "The Hermitage," the home of Jackson in Nashville, Tenn., are now in charge of local societies. The Grant, Garfield and McKinley memorials were made possible only through continuous and urgent appeals to a generous public. The Hayes Memorial is unique in that the beautiful home and grove, together with the valuable library and collections have been given to the State, for the absolutely free use of the public, the only condition being that a fireproof build- ing be erected in the Grove to house the treasures. Spiegel Grove, the much-loved home of Rutherford Birchard Hayes, a beautiful twenty-five acre grove of native forest trees was, some years ago, presented to the State of Ohio, for the use of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, by Colo- nel Webb C. Hayes, together with the library and collections of his father, as a memorial to his parents. In the language of the circular of the Archaeological and Historical Society, issued in 1898, five years after the death of its former president, "this offer of the family is unusual for its liberality and most worthy of commendation for the filial desire it expresses to perpetuate the memorial to loved and honored parents." The years of planning and erecting this building were cheered and interwoven by filial remembrance, a vision and a sure faith in the present accomplishment. Every memorial should in some way be the accumulation and interpretation of the facts, beliefs, character and deeds which made up the life of the person com- memorated. The Hayes Memorial possesses in marked degree this beauty of association as well as an absolute beauty. Round the memory of the President and Mrs. Hayes, as flesh and blood (5) DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. round the bone, are gathered whatever devoted family and friends could bring to illuminate the past, not only of their private lives and poignant personalities, but of the century of years, rich in history, running back from present days. The following invitation announced the formal opening of the Hayes Me- morial Building to the public, special invitations being sent to former State Senator T. A. Dean of Fremont, and former Governor Judson Harmon, who were so active in securing the provision for the erection of the fire- proof building required under the terms of the gift; and to President Wilson, Secretary of State Lansing, Secretary of War Baker, and Sena- tors Pomerene and Harding: The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society requests the pleasure of your presence at the dedication of The Hayes Memorial Library and Museum erected in The Spiegel Grove State Park, Fremont, in honor of Rutherford Birchard Hayes Nineteenth President of the United States on Tuesday afternoon May thirtieth, Nineteen hundred and sixteen Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio Memorial Day, Tuesday, May 30th, 1916, began with all the fresh charm of a May morning. Fremont, the scene of so many historic celebrations in the past, was in gala attire. The Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society had at the annual meeting designated the day for the dedication of the Hayes Memorial DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. J Building, and the committee on Spiegel Grove had made careful plans therefor. The members of the Society were cheered by the interest displayed by the citizens of Fremont. As the result of a communication from his Honor, Mayor Kinney, to the City Coun- cil, the latter body appointed a committee consisting of Council- men Schwartz and Zimmerman to act with the Mayor as chair- man, which committee attended the meeting of the Fremont Chamber of Commerce which organization appointed a com- mittee consisting of E. C. Gast, W. H. Schwartz and R. E. Ervin. The Mayor also appointed a Citizens' committee of bankers and editors, of which John M. Sherman was chairman, in the follow- ing communication : Fremont, Ohio, May 25, 1916. Hon. John M. Sherman, Fremont, Ohio. Dear Sir: Fremont is to be honored on next Tuesday by many notable guests and we, as a city, should not be unmindful of their presence. With this in view, and as an appreciation of the State's recog- nition of Fremont and her distinguished dead; also recognizing the munificence of Colonel Webb C. Hayes, who made possible the perpetual memorial and park, as a reminder to the coming generations, I feel it but fitting and proper that as the executive head of Fremont I should appoint a special committee to represent the city. This committee to co-operate with the Ohio Archaeological and Historical society, the Chamber of Commerce and other or- ganizations having part in the dedicatory ceremonies. The Chamber of Commerce has arranged for an excep- tionally capable committee of business men and it is my desire that the banking and newspaper interests, on account of their con- nections and wide acquaintance, be recognized and represented. It is, therefore, with very great pleasure that I ask you to serve on this special reception and arrangement committee. Very truly yours, Geo. Kinney, Ma\for. O DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. The local committees appointed by the City Council, the Fre- mont Chamber of Commerce and the Mayor, assisted the Archaeo- logical Society and its local committee of life members — Basil Meek, I. T. Fangboner and Miss Lucy E. Keeler — in carrying out the comprehensive program which included not only an ampli- fied Decoration Day program but also the dedication of memorial windows which had been placed by Colonel Hayes in memory of his father's connection with the Eugene Rawson Post, of the Grand Army, and of Croghan Lodge of Odd Bellows, which he had joined in 1849 when Fremont was known as Lower San- dusky. These parts of the program were in addition to the reg- ular dedicatory exercises of the Memorial Building by the Ar- cheeological Society. Colonel Hayes, acting for the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, extended a personal invitation through Superintendent Timmons and the Rev. Fathers O'Hare and Reiken to the school children of the public and parochial schools, to make an inspection of the Memorial Building in the early morning, while en route to decorate the graves of the soldier dead in the cemeteries. An invitation was extended also to the members of Croghan Lodge, L O. O. F., to dedicate a memorial window to the lodge ; and the following letters were sent to the commander of Eugene Rawson Post and the 23rd Regiment Association. "Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio, May 23, 1916. Comrade James A. Gillmor, Commander Eugene Rawson Post, G. A. R. Dear Sir: The trustees of the Ohio Archaeological Society have received from Col. Webb C. Hayes in commemoration of his father's connection with Eugene Rawson Post, G. A. R., an illuminated Memorial window of the Grand Army badge in colors with the date, II May, 1881, on which he joined Eugene Rawson Post, G. A. R. The trustees after conference with you and others have re- served the period from 11 :oo a. m. to 12:00 a. m., for the exclu- sive use of the members of Eugene Rawson Post, G. A. R., and DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 9 all soldiers of the War for the Union for an inspection of the Memorial Building and such exercises in connection with a dedi- cation of Eugene Rawson Post Memorial window or such other exercises incident to Memorial Day as the Eugene Rawson Post may desire, including the use of the speakers' stand erected for the regular Dedicatory Exercises of the Hayes Memorial Library and Museum by the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, beginning at 1 130 p. m. While it was the desire of the donor to give the members of Eugene Rawson Post and the surviving soldiers of the War for the Union the first opportunity to visit the Memorial Build- ing after its completion and before its formal dedication by the Society, it was found that this could not be done at an earlier hour on Decoration Day without interfering with the hallowed custom of strewing flowers over the graves of the honored dead, and that the hour mentioned, 11 :oo a. m. to 12 :oo a. m., could be utilized after the ceremonies in the cemeteries and was the only hour available prior to the formal exercises which would occupy the entire time after i :30 p. m. The surviving members of General Hayes' old Regiment, the 23rd Ohio, have been invited to be present during this hour for an inspection of the building and later information from Gov- ernor Willis indicated his presence with them at the Memorial Building also in the morning prior to his departure for Elyria to attend a G. A. R. meeting early in the afternoon. Very respectfully, The Ohio State Archaeological & Historical Society, By E. P. French, Asst. Curator and Librarian. Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio, May 8, 1916. Benjamin Killan, Secretary 23rd Regiment Assn., Mansfield, Ohio. Dear Lieut. Killan : The Hayes Memorial Library and Museum will be dedicated on Tuesday, May 30th, at i :30 p. m., by the Ohio State Archaeo- logical and Historical Society, of which it is a branch. lO DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. The President, Secretary of War, and United States Sena- tors from Ohio have been especially invited, in addition to which the Society has issued a number of invitations to citizens of Ohio. It is not definitely known whether the President can come, but the exercises will be conducted by Prof. G. Frederick Wright, of Oberlin, President of The Ohio State Archaeological and His- torical Society. In the Museum, we have gathered together many, nearly all, of my father's war relics which were so intimately associated with the Twenty-third Regiment, and the presence of the mem- bers of the regiment would be especially appreciated by Mrs. Hayes and myself, and in fact by all of my father's family. The morning New York Central train leaves Cleveland rather early, but the comrades can catch a returning train at 3 :32 p. m. and 5 :5s p. m. If the President comes, there will, of course, be a very large gathering, in which case, we must ask the indulgence of the members of the Regiment, and request that they make themselves known, as we desire to have them take luncheon with us as soon as it can be arranged. As you are probably aware, ever since my father's death, I have had forwarded a wreath for the Twenty-third monument, direct to the Superintendent of Woodlawn Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio, for want of a better address. I presume it has been re- ceived regularly, although I have had no direct advices. In this connection, I wish to express again the sincere thanks of the members of my father's family for the wreaths which have been sent to place over the graves of my parents. The family monument, a new granite base which contains the caskets, has been erected on a knoll in Spiegel Grove, and this would undoubtedly be another object of interest to the surviving members of the grand old regiment. With sincere regards, I am. Very truly yours, Webb C. Hayes. DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. II ' DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. MORNING PROGRAM. 8 :00 A. M. The Memorial Building will be thrown open at 8 o'clock A. M., for the exclusive use of the school children and teachers of the Public Schools, headed by the Light Guard Band, and of St. Ann's and St. Joseph's Parochial Schools, headed by the Woodman Band, on their way to the ceme- teries to decorate the graves of the soldiers. Firing squad and a special committee from the G. A. R. will be con- veyed by autos to Spiegel Grove State Park, St. Joseph and Calvary and Oakwood cemeteries. Members of the G. A. R. and Woman's Rdief Corps to Oakwood by Trolley Car, returning to Spiegel Grove by autos. 9 :30 A. M. Croghan Lodge and the Uniform Rank and other members of the I. O. O. F. will leave their headquarters, Front and State streets, headed by Woodman Band and march to Spiegel Grove. 10:00 A. M. Music by Light Guard Band. ' Meeting called to order by John M. Sherman, Esq., and presentation of his Excellency, the Honorable Frank B. Willis, Governor of Ohio. Exercises Eugene Rawson Post, G. A. R. Assembly called to order by Comrade Jas. A. Gillmor, Commander of Eugene Rawson Post, G. A. R, Address by the Rev. A. C. Shuman, of Tiffin. Dedication of Eugene Rawson Post Memorial Window in the Hayes Memorial. 11 :00 A. M. Exercises Croghan Lodge I. O. O. F. Assembly called to order by G. L. Roach, Noble Grand. Prayer by W. D. Pearce, Vice Grand. Address by Meade G. Thraves, Esq., Historian Croghan Lodge. Address by Ivor Hughes, Esq., Past Grand Master. Benediction by J. E. Courtney, Chaplain. AFTERNOON PROGRAM, 2 P. M. Meeting called to order by Prof. G. Frederick Wright, President of the Ohio State ArchEeological and Historical Society. Invocation by the Rev. J. C. Roberts, pastor of the First Methodist Church of Fremont. Song by the Col. George Croghan Chapter, Daughters of American Revolution and the Fremont Church Choirs, led by Prof. Alfred Arthur, Leader 23rd Ohio Regiment Band, accompanied by the Woodman Band. 12 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. Welcome by His Honor, George Kinney, Mayor of Fremont. Address by Charles Richard Williams, of Princeton, N. J., biographer of Rutherford B. Hayes. Song by the Col. George Croghan Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution and Fremont Church Choirs, led by Prof. Alfred Arthur, Leader 23rd Ohio Regiment Band, accompanied by the Woodman Band. Remarks by the Honorable Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War, representing the President of the United States. * Remarks by the Honorable Frank B. Willis, Governor of Ohio. Remarks by United States Senator, Atlee Pomerene. t Remarks by United States Senator, Warren G. Harding. Remarks by the Honorable Arthur W. Overmyer, Congressman from the 13th Ohio District. Lieutenant General S. B. M. Young, U. S. A., commander-in-chief of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, of which Rutherford B. Hayes was commander-in-chief at the time of his death, represented by Captain Alexis Cope. Remarks — Hon. James E. Campbell, former Governor of Ohio, Trustee Ohio State Archseological and Historical Society. Remarks by Capt. Elias R. Monfort, commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, represented by Past Department Com- mander, Gen. J. Kent Hamilton. 28rd Ohio Regiment Association of which Rutherford B. Hayes was President from its organization after the Antietam Campaign in 1862 until his death, represented by Captain John S. Ellen, President. Eugene Rawson Post, G. A. R., of which Rutherford B. Hayes became a member May 11, 1881, represented by James A. Gillmor, Commander. Sandusky County Bar Association of which Rutherford B. Hayes became a member in 1845, at Lower Sandusky, now Fremont, represented by Basil Meek, Esq., President. Croghan Lodge, I. O. O. F., of which Rutherford B. Hayes became a member 17th of September, 1849, at Lower Sandusky, now Fremont, Ohio, represented by Meade G. Thraves, Esq. Birchard Library Association, of which Rutherford B. Hayes was President from its organization in 1873 until his death, represented by Charles Thompson, President. Sandusky County Pioneer and Historical Society, of which * In the morning program. fA telegram of appreciation and regrets at unavoidable absence, read by former Lieutenant-Governor F. W. Treadway, Trustee O S A and H. S. DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 13 Rutherford B. Hayes became a member at its organization, 6th of June, 1874, represented by I. H. Burgoon, President. Benediction by Rev. E. M. O'Hare, rector of St. Ann's Catholic Church. SPIEGEL GROVE. At the Hayes residence, the hosts, Colonel and Mrs. Webb C. Hayes assisted by Mr. and Mrs. Birchard A. Hayes of Toledo, Mr. and Mrs. Scott R. Hayes of New York, Mrs. Fanny Hayes Smith of Washington, and a nephew, William P. Hayes of Ashe- ville, N. C, received their distinguished guests. First in the day came the children from the public and parochial schools, some two thousand strong, marching in order and each carrying a flag, a moving and inspiring sight. Not far from the residence, on the beautiful knoll to the south, stands the monument in the base of which repose the' re- mains of the President and Mrs. Hayes, and this spot was one of the points of pilgrimage throughout the day. After the death of his wife, in 1889, President Hayes devoted much thought to the design and construction of a simple monument which was con- structed of Dummerston (Vermont) granite, from the quarries 14 DEDICATION OF THE HAVES MEMORIAL. now located on the ancestral farm to which his parents, Ruther- ford Hayes of Brattleboro and Sophia Birchard of Fayetteville, moved upon their marriage in 1812 and occupied until their mi- gration to Delaware, Ohio, in 1817 where they lived ever after- ward and where the future president was born, Oct. 4, 1822. The monument was erected in Oakwood Cemetery, but in April, 1915, the bodies of the President and Mrs. Hayes and the monu- Monument designed and erected by Rutherford B. Hayes, after the death of Lucy Webb Hayes in 1889, of Vermont Granite from the farm from which his parents migrated from West Dummerston, Vermont, to Delaware, Ohio, in 1817. The caskets were placed in a granite block 12x20 feet, which was then sealed and the monument brought from Oakwood Cemetery and placed on this new granite base on The Knoll in the Spiegel Grove State Park in April, 191.5. DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 1 5 ment were transferred to Spiegel Grove. Beautiful evergreen trees and shrubs screen the knoll which is further enclosed with a tall iron fence. The gate was opened on Memorial day, and the Fremont school children strewed a profusion of beautiful flowers upon the base of the monument. Following an annual custom, a beautiful wreath of white lilies was placed there by representa- tives of the 23rd O. V. I., General Hayes' old regiment. Flags intermingled their colors with the floral tributes. Governor Willis arrived at Spiegel Grove at 10:30 o'clock and was greeted with cheers and applause, and a crowd imbued with patriotic and civic enthusiasm. The G. A. R. having com- pleted their exercises at the cemeteries took their places on the stand erected on the lawn in front of the residence, and to mark their entrance the band played the Star Spangled Banner. John M. Sherman, in well-chosen remarks introduced Gov- ernor WilHs : Ladies and Gentlemen, and Children of the Fremont Schools: This is Memorial Day; a day which has long since become a part of our national life, a day on which we not only decorate the graves of our noble and patriotic dead, but consecrate our lives anew, to the service of our country and to the service of our fellow men. This year the day has an added interest for all of us. We stand within the shadow of a Memorial, made possible by the generous gifts of the state and of a loyal son, which is to be dedicated today to the memory of a man, who was one of God's noblemen; loved by all the people of this city, honored by the state and elevated to the highest position of honor and power in the gift of the nation. A man whose private life was so pure, whose army life was so patriotic and whose political life was so clean and conscien- tious, that his star gains added lustre as the years go by. Three times the people of Ohio elected General Hayes their governor, and at the dedication of this Memorial it seems fitting and proper that the chief executive of this state should be the first one to speak. I therefore have the honor of presenting to you, the Hon- orable Frank B. Willis, governor of Ohio, who will address you. i6 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. GOVERNOR WILLIS' ADDRESS. Governor Willis spoke as follows : Ladies and Gentlemen: It is indeed a rare privilege to be present and take a part in these interesting exercises on a day set apart in honor of our patriotic dead; to be invited to join in this commemoration of one whose private life was an inspiration and whose public service was a benedic- tion. On this historic ground you have today united in this splendid celebra- tion which has its impressive lesson for all of the multitude here assem- bled. I rejoice to see in the van of these ceremonies those who valiantly marched forth to battle for liberty and union and the perpetuation of our Republic, the boys in blue of '6i to '65 who followed the flag through the stress of war and gave the nation under God a new birth of freedom. I have the sanction of history when I speak of them as the boys in blue. These gray veterans who survive, the most inspir- ing faces and forms in all this vast assembly, were the boys of fifty-five years ago, the blush of youth on their cheeks, the light of hope and valor in their eyes and in their hearts the patriotic devotion to country that carried them down to the sunny South- land to preserve the Union "one and indivisible." We forget sometimes that, of the 2,778,304 enlistments in the armies of the United States for service in the Civil War, 1,151,438 had not reached the age of nineteen years, and 2,159,798 were not yet twenty-three years old. Only 62,533 of all that vast enlistment were more than twenty-six years of age. I, therefore, speak advisedly of those who wore the blue as "boys." Their example will stimulate succeeding generations of American youth to respond to their country's call and follow the flag in support DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 17 of a cause that, like the judgment of the Lord, is true and right- eous altogether. A young Greek, musing on the battle plain of Marathon two thousand years ago, exclaimed, "The trophies of Miltiades will not let me sleep." Julius Caesar, in the presence of a monument to Alexander the Great, who at the age of thirty-two had con- quered the world, was inspired to carry the arms of the Roman legions to the confines of ancient Gaul. The examples of the pa- triot Tell and Arnold Winkelried "made way for liberty" to other times and distant lands. The deeds of these veterans and their comrades who have passed to eternity will live in the hearts they leave behind to remotest posterity, and raise about the citadel of our liberties a rampart that shall not yield to war and wasting time. It is well for the veteran defenders of the Union to assemble here today and all over this broad land, that prattling childhood may treasure them and their deeds in memory and that we all may reflect with gratitude upon their contribution to the perpetuity and prestige and glory of our Republic. With each returning year the ranks of the grand army grow thinner. The step of the veteran is less elastic, the form more bent, and the temples are whitened with the snows of winter. "Every year they're marching slower; Every year they're stooping lower ; Every year the lilting music stirs the hearts of older men. Every year the flags above thera Seem to bend and bless and love them, As if grieving for the future when they'll never march again." In years they are now old men, but in spirit and devoted patriotism they are as young as when in the early sixties they bade good-bye to parents and sweetheart and wife and child and ma.rched away "to the grand, wild music of war." I need not urge the youth of this generation to emulate the patriotic example and the heroic service of the old guard, who approach life's sunset under the flag they saved and amid the plaudits of their grateful countrymen. Their monument is the more perfect union crowned with liberty universal. They made l8 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. good the declaration of independence and struck the shackles from the slave; they invested with a new meaning our starry emblem. As we see its folds unrolled upon the fragrance laden air of this sacred day, we shall do well to take to heart the les- sons that it teaches. The blue speaks of truth and the loyalty of our citizenship; the white of purity and the devotion of our patriotic women ; the red of valor, the crimson flow of the pa- triot's blood poured out as a libation upon the altar of his country, — valor and purity side by side, moving on to a national destiny as high as heaven and fadeless as the stars. While this is to the young a day of inspiration, it is also to many of us a day of retrospection and sacred memories. Some are thinking of mothers, who with breaking hearts cheered hus- bands as they marched away and then went bravely and reso- lutely to work to care for the children left in the home. Of such an one well has the poet said : "The wife who girds her husband's sword, 'Mid little ones who weep and wonder, And bravely speaks the cheering word, — What though her heart be rent asunder ; Doomed nightly in her dreams to hear The bolts of war around her rattle — Has shed as sacred blood as e'er Was poured upon the field of battle !" I have in mind a little log cabin on the Olentangy, in Dela- ware county. When the father of the family was with the boys in blue down on the tented field, the mother worked to support the children and pay the interest on a mortgage, while she listened with forebodings, but a brave heart, to the news that was echoed back from the battlefield. She kept the fires burning on the hearth of home and welcomed back with joy the war-worn soldier when the Union legions melted into the ranks of peace. But today our thoughts center here in this beautiful grove, whose fame is nation wide, and in the home that is for all time enshrined in the aflfectionate regard of the people of Ohio. The county of Sandusky occupies a conspicuous place in our history. For more than a century the story of the heroic defense of Fort Stephenson by Major Croghan against the British has DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. I9 thrilled the youth of America. From pioneer days the sons of this region have gone forth to win enduring fame in the service of their country. Their ashes hallow the earth above which we have raised monuments to commemorate their valor and patriotism. Not far away, in a church-yard at Clyde, sleeps gallant General McPherson, who fell in the battle of Atlanta, while close by is the grave of George Burton Meek, the first native-born Amer- ican who fell in the Spanish-American War. In the beautiful cemetery of this city rests all that was mortal of Rutherford B. Hayes, general in the Civil War, thrice governor of Ohio, and before the conclusion of his last term elected president of the United States. From the White House he returned to Spiegel Grove, where he lived the life of the modest model American citizen in the ideal American home. I shall not enter upon any extended sketch of the life and services of this eminent Ohioan. That has been reserved for the biographer and historian. It may not be out of place, however, to speak of his fidelity to civic duty and every public trust. These virtues, indeed, are in large measure within the attainment of all. They are not rare, but they are of such transcendent importance and worth that their conspicuous exemplification in one who has risen to the highest place within the gift of the people is more beneficent than the achievements of genius in lifting the multi- tude to higher planes of life and service. Others surpassed Hayes at the bar, though he was an able lawyer. Others ranked higher in the army, but there was no better soldier than he, and his wounds attested his courage and gallantry. In Congress and on the hustings we have heard more gifted orators, yet he always spoke effectively and frequently swayed the judgment of his hearers when others by rhetorical flights pleased only the fancy. Others made larger claims to constructive statesmanship and administrative reform, but his state papers are of a high order; he took advanced ground on the isthmian question that has assumed new importance since the opening of the Panama Canal ; he was an early and earnest ad- vocate of civil service reform and in his inaugural address gave courageous utterance to a truth that gathers new force with every passing year : 20 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. "He serves his party best who serves his country best." No party leader ever uttered a nobler sentiment. It is an ideal for all who are charged with the administration of state affairs. It deserves a place with the laconics of the antique world. He was sincerely interested in every enterprise with which he was officially associated. An appointment to a position on a committee or a board, however humble, was never to him an empty honor. He was always remarkably regular in attendance at meetings and freely gave his time and thought to the transaction of the business in hand. After he had been president of the United States he was an active member on the boards of trustees of a number of colleges and for years president of the National Prison Association. He served Ohio as president of the State Archseological and Historical Society and by appointment of the governor as trustee of the Ohio State University. He was deeply interested in manual training and his last public address was on this subject. He was a pioneer in the movement that has broad- ened out into the vocational education of today which is finding its way into the schools all over our land. Assuredly he has given us and the world a noble and inspiring example of the unselfish and uplifting service that even an ex-president of the Republic may perform when he returns to the ranks of his fellow citizens. His home life is a theme upon which we are tempted to dwell, but that is not necessary. It is known to the world. Who has not heard of the partner of all his joys and triumphs, the good and gracious Lucy Webb Hayes, whether in or out of the White House, the first lady of the land? No words of mine can ade- quately portray her noble character or express the esteem and love that hallow her memory. From the hospitals of the battle- field to the cozy room yonder where the grim messenger found her plying the needle in a work of love, she was the friend and comforter of all who knew her. It is fitting that this home, hallowed by two such spirits, should be preserved and cherished by the state that they loved so well, and that this memorial building, which we dedicate today, should be the permanent repository of the literature of Ohio and the middle west which General Hayes collected with discriminat- DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 21 ing care and which his children in a liberal and patriotic spirit have transferred to the keeping of our commonwealth. May the gratitude of our entire citizenship continually bless this consecrated spot. May they in larger numbers turn their thoughts and steps hither as the years pass by. With the annual return of this day may they bear to this leafy grove their gar- lands of flowers, fair emblems of faith and hope, mementoes of sympathy and love, "sweet prophecies of the resurrection." Comrade James A. Gillmor, Commander of Eugene Rawson Post, then introduced the Rev. A. C. Shuman of Tiffin, who spoke as follows : We can scarcely realize that fifty-five years ago this country was on the verge of ruin, with two governments, each represent- ing different political and economic ideals, the north with its wonderful industrial wealth and the south with its agricultural empire. But we can recognize the awful crisis that confronted the citizens. We were divided and no one could perceive what the outcome would be. The people were not so well acquainted, they misunderstood each other and were prejudiced by literature, exaggerating condi- tions and by politicians, who spread their doctrines of sectionalism for gain. And then came the awful shock of battle, when thou- sands and thousands were called to face death through the long years of carnage that followed. There were 2,265 actual engagements. Time and again these men we honor today were called upon to dare death through an average of eleven battles a week. It is almost beyond compre- hension that there were 2,277,374 men called upon to fight for the unity of the nation, of which Ohio's quota was 313,318. That the undying loyalty of these men could never be doubted is proved by the fact that so many dead were left on the field of battle, a ratio of one in nine through four long years, during which those heroes underwent vicissitudes almost beyond endurance, while 700 of their comrades were falling every day. Then came Gettysburg when the backbone of the Confederacy was broken. Lee's last stand at Appomatox and the consequent negotia- tions for peace furnish one of the most memorable events in the 22 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. history of the nation. Facing each other were Grant's veteran armies of the north and Lee with the flower of the south. When after the great Confederate general had rejected the northern leader's peace terms Grant said 'I'll wait another day' history was written. The destiny of the nation rested in the hands of these two men. Then Grant renewed his offer the next day and General Lee accepted, bringing to a close the long weary years of conflict. The greatest civil war in the history of the world was ended and the men who wore the gray became once more citizens of a united nation. We are here today to keep green the memory of those men who gave their life blood for the preservation of the republic and their comrades who have since gone to join them in eternal rest. With malice toward none and charity for all we shall go on un- folding the glorious destiny of the land of Washington, Lincoln and Rutherford B. Hayes, and implanting in the breasts of our sons and daughters the spirit which led those valiant soldiers to undergo untold hardships for the sake of their country's unity. By inspiring these high sentiments in our youths, through such services as we are observing here today we guarantee the stability and permanence of the nation because we are creating strength of character which will preserve for ever our nation's greatness. Led by Commander Gillmor and Post Adjutant B. F. Evans, Eugene Rawson Post marched to the Hayes Memorial Building and there dedicated the Eugene Rawson Post window. PROCEEDINGS OF I. O. O. F. Promptly at 10:15 the Toledo and Fremont Cantons, I. O. O. P., and subordinate lodge members and Rebekahs formed in line on Front Street. Headed by the Woodman band, escorted by the Maccabees' Rifle company, followed by the Patriarchs Militant, uniformed rank of the Odd Fellows, and the banner bearers of Croghan and McPherson local lodges, the subordinate lodges and Rebekah lodges, they proceeded from the corner of Front and State, up State to Park Avenue, on Park to Croghan, Croghan to Wood, Wood to Garrison, Garrison to Wayne, Wayne to Birchard, out Rotunda of The Hayes Memorial. DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 23 Birchard to Buckland, Buckland to Hayes, thence to Spiegel Grove where the following program and exercises were carried out by the Odd Fellows in dedication of their memorial window in the Hayes Memorial Library and Museum. The Noble Grand, G. L. Roach, as chairman, opened the exercises with prayer by W. D. Pearce, Vice Grand of the lodge, and he not being present the prayer was read by J. E. Courtney, Chaplain of the lodge, which is as follows : Almighty God, we thank Thee that we can come into Thy presence and call Thee Father and realize the common brother- hood of men. ' We come as representatives of a great order to enter which every man must acknowledge belief in Thee and we wish to here publicly acknowledge before the world that the great lessons of our order are all taken from Thy word. We as an order are seeking to exemplify in our lives the teachings of Thy word as to Friendship, Love and Truth. We thank Thee for the undying influence of a great and true man such as the famous Odd Fellow, whom we honor today. We have come to dedicate a window in this Memorial Build- ing to his memory and we pray that this Memorial, though it be silent, yet may it speak to generations yet to come of the lessons of Friendship, Love and Truth, which were exemplified in the life of our departed brother, Rutherford B. Hayes. And may our characters taking inspiration from such a life be true to the principles of our beloved order which are based on Thy word. This we ask in the name of Thy Son. Amen. The chairman then introduced M. G. Thraves, Past Grand of Fremont, who was a personal friend of Rutherford B. Hayes and was Secretary of the lodge at the time that Gen. Hayes passed through all the highest offices of the lodge and be- came a Past Grand. In speaking of Brother Rutherford B. Hayes, Mr. Thraves eloquently said in part: MR. thraves' address. Sisters and Brothers of the Odd Fellows and Fellow Citisens: In behalf of the Odd Fellows of our lodge, the brothers of the order in Sandusky county, throughout the state, nation and 24 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. world, I wish to take this opportunity to show our appreciation and express our admiration, love and esteem on this rare occasion for our deceased brother, Rutherford B. Hayes. This fine Memorial Building, containing Brother Hayes' library, relics and curios, is a monument to the intelligence, pa- triotism and the high appreciation of every citizen within the great state of Ohio. I know that I am expressing the sentiment of every Odd Fellow within the sound of my voice, and every member of our order in the state, when I say that the 2,500,000 Odd Fellows of the world, appreciate the great sacrifices, the unselfish work of those through whom it became possible for us to have this beauti- ful building to be located here, which will always be the pride of our city and county and state. With twenty-five years of experience with libraries and li- brary building, and without fear of successful contradiction, I am here to say that there is no private library in the state that measures up in any manner to this library, quantity and quality considered. It contains historical data, manuscripts and curios, unable to be found anywhere. Men of high education, and historical turn of mind have traveled thousands of miles across both oceans to delight and revel in this golden mine of research. All this and more, the efforts, energy and foresight, of a life time of Brother Hayes, and his children is a free gift to the people of Ohio and of the nation. On behalf of the Odd Fellows I wish to express our sincere thanks to Col. Webb C. Hayes and through him to the rest of the family, for this magnificent gift. A value in a conservative finan- cial estimate would reasonably be worth at least a half million dollars. There are many other things that might be mentioned in this connection that are within my own personal knowledge, of which I would like to speak at this time but will suffice it to say that Col. Webb C. Hayes is ever alert for the best interests of our community and never permits an opportunity to pass to put Fre- mont and the. state of Ohio upon the map. It is a well known fact that he is personally acquainted with DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 25 more public men, and men that do things in our nation than any other citizen of the state. I feel it a privilege, as well as a pleasant duty in behalf of our order, and citizens to publicly thank Senator T. A. Dean for his successful efforts in securing the necessary legislation to make this Memorial Building possible. I also wish to express our appreciation to ex-Governor Jud- son Harmon for the interest he manifested in behalf of the Memorial Building. As historian of Croghan Lodge No. "JJ, I. O. O. F., I find the following facts. Croghan Lodge No. J"], L O. O. F. was instituted February 5, 1847, ^*^ Lower Sandusky, now Fremont, Ohio. The charter members of the lodge were N. S. Cook, D. H. Hershey, W. M. Starks, B. W. Lewis and A. E. Wood. The first officers of the lodge were elected February 5, 1847. N. S. Cook, Noble Grand. D. H. Hershey, Vice Grand. W. M. Starks, Secretary. R. W. Lewis, Treasurer. The first brother to present a petition for membership in the lodge was John Smith, and on Feb. 5, 1847, he was initiated. The second meeting, Feb. 13, 1847, John Bell, John M. Smith, A. Coles, J. B. Smith, Charles Fitch and L. B. Otis were initiated into the order. The lodge prospered and was busy every night conferring the degree" on new members. Sept. 15, 1849, the application of Rutherford B. Hayes was presented and referred to a committee of E. I. Orton, L. S. Foulk and W. B. Kridler. The lodge then adjourned to meet in special session Monday evening, Sept. 17, 1849, ^*^ which meeting Grand Master Glen, of Grand Lodge of Ohio initiated Rutherford B. Hayes into the order and instructed him in all the degrees, brother Hayes being the forty-third member. The first office held by Brother R. B. Hayes in the lodge was on Oct. 6, 1849, when he was appointed right supporter to the Noble Grand, John L. Greene, Brother C. R. McCulloch acting in the Vice Grand chair at this time. MRS. LUCV WEBB HAYES. From portrait by Daniel Huntington. Presented to the Wliite House by the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Accepted by President Garfield, 1881. A copy of this portrait by Carl Rakemann hangs in the Hayes Memorial Building. DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 27 Nov. 19, 1849, R- B. Hayes was duly installed in this office which he surrendered on his removal to Cincinnati, the same year. On his return to Fremont in 1873, he re-joined Croghan Lodge. Brother C. R. McCulloch who died a few years ago, was the last surviving member of our lodge that belonged at the time Brother Hayes was initiated into the order. He was a brother whose spirit was filled with the milk of human kindness. His hand was always administering benefac- tions to his fellow men. In the councils of the lodge he was wise, prudent and generous. His opinion was sought for and relied upon in all emergencies. At the time of his death, he was chairman of the local committee of Odd Fellows, appointed to secure for Fremont the Odd Fellows' Orphans' Home for the state of Ohio. After filling the highest office in the gift of the greatest people on earth he returned to the rank and file, a true type of the American citizen, in the broadest and noblest sense, and engaged in the mission of doing good to humanity. He visited the sick, relieved the downtrodden and distressed, and did everything within his power to educate and live up to the standard of mankind. General Hayes was ever kind, true and unselfish in all his dealings; a man of the most exalted character, a soldier of dis- tinction, a patriot, and a statesman. His personal history is a part of the history of the Union; in honoring him we honor ourselves. During the decade in Cincinnati he was also an active member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which he had joined at Lower Sandusky. He was in frequent requisition for lectures before various lodges of the Odd Fellows, and the diary mentions with natural pride the applause and prominence that came to him therefrom : "Last evening I rejoined Croghan lodge I. O. O. F. I be- longed to it when I left Fremont in 1849, almost 33 years ago. I have long been satisfied that they were in many ways very useful. Leaving out the beneficial feature, which is certainly valuable, the social and educational elements are excellent. All descriptions of reputable people are here brought together and 28 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. instructed in the orderly management of public business. All are on their best behavior, a fraternal friendship is cultivated, virtuous and temperate habits are encouraged, and the best of our social instincts are called into play. The festive organiza- tions, convivial clubs, and the like are not safe places of resort for all natures. No man can be worse for the associations of Odd Fellowship and their kindred organizations. Most men will be made better. With this perhaps too moderate estimate of the society, I am glad to unite with it again." — (Diary January i, 1882). At the conclusion of Mr. Thraves' historical address the chairman introduced Hon. Ivor Hughes, Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, of Columbus, who was a lifelong warm personal friend of Rutherford B. Hayes. ADDRESS OF IVOR HUGHES. Members of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Friends: I come to your beautiful little city of Fremont from my home in the capital of our state to join with you in the dedication of this beautiful edifice erected to the memory of him who was great in everything that constitutes true greatness, true manhood. On the 30th day of May in the year 1878, there gathered in the city of Paris, France, one of the largest assemblages of men and women that had ever before that time convened for a like purpose in that or any other city of the civilized world. In that vast audience were to be found many of the great men and women not only of France but of many other of the civilized countries of the globe. They had assembled to pay tribute to the memory of a distinguished Frenchman of whose death the oc- casion was the one hundredth anniversary. The speaker was Victor Hugo, another great man. The opening words of his address were : "Men and women of France, one hundred years ago today a man died." Had the speaker uttered not another word he would in that concise sen- tence have paid to the memory of the dead the highest compli- ment that it is possible to express or pay to the living or the dead. Just pause a moment for thought as to how comprehensive that expression is, "A man died." Think for a moment how DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 29 much those words involve — "A man." Today, my friends, as I look back over a period of almost a quarter of a century to the 17th day of January, 1893, from what I personally knew of Rutherford Birchard Hayes, I feel fully and safely warranted in adopting the words of Victor Hugo on the occasion to which I have referred, and in saying to you that when our friend and brother in whose memory we assemble here today, departed this life "A man died." He possessed all of the qualities, the characteristics of true manhood. He was an honest man, honest with himself, honest with his fellow men. He was patriotic, brave and fearless in defense of what he believed to be right. When from the cannon's mouth there came the sudden fearful sound of fratricidal war, he hesitated not, at the call of his country, he buckled on his sword, shouldered his musket, and with brave heart, true patriotism and unflinching loyalty entered the service of his country, not for three months or a year, but for the whole war, not for glory, not for any temporal honor that might come to him, no such motives found lodgment in his true American heart ; no, no, he went to the front, entered the thickest of the fight with the loyal intent and purpose of helping hand down to pos- terity an undivided country, and an unblemished flag. Were he here today to talk to you he would admonish you that he only is a true American, who is ever willing and ready to defend our flag, no matter from whence comes the hand uplifted against it. Methinks that in the stillness of this sacred hour, I hear his spirit-voice saying to you and to me, "Stand by the flag." Watch over it with jealous care; frown down any and all suggestions that would take from its glory, ever stand ready to maintain its dignity with your life's blood if necessary. From this man's example let us take lessons for our guidance in life. He was true to every trust. He was elevated by his fellow- countrymen to many positions of honor and trust both in private and public life, but after all we honored ourselves most in honor- ing him. On the tented field, in the halls of legislation, as chief execu- tive of our state, as president of our nation, in every position of trust and responsibility to which he was called, he discharged 30 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. the duties thereof honorably, and with the highest degree of fideHty. To his friends and neighbors, to all who knew him best, his life is a happy, pleasant, instructive volume. It is a book on every page of which appears the impression of a well spent, a noble life, from and by which we are reminded that — "His memory is the shrine Of pleasant thoughts soft as the scent of flowers ; Calm as on windless eve the sun's decline ; Sweet as the song of birds among the flowers ; Rich as a rainbow with its hues of light ; Pure as the moonbeams on an autumn night." After he had served his country in public life, with that true modesty characteristic of great men, he returned here to devote the remaining years of his life to the work of philanthropy and education. To you my brother Odd Fellows he gave much of his time and labor. He was an Odd Fellow in spirit and in truth. Brother Hayes' influence as an Odd Fellow has gone forth, and that influence will continue to live, doing honor to the noble man- hood that exerted it, during an active and useful hfe. Though we are deprived of his kind, genial companionship, though bereft of the benefit of his wise counsel, though there is lost to us the advantage of his aid and kind sympathy, and the inspiration of his presence, notwithstanding all these great and significant losses, there is left to us the rich and lasting legacy of his noble example; and, therefore, as we sit here with bowed heads, sorrowful hearts and tearful eyes asking the question — "And is he dead, whose glorious mind, Lifts thine on high?"' There is suggested to us the happy, peaceful answer that- — ■ "To live in hearts we leave behind, ' Is not to die." No, my brothers, our brother Hayes is not dead, neither will he be so long as you and I, or any of those who knew him, live. His name and his life will continue to exist as long as we live; DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 3 1 yes, even until the last of those who knew him on earth shall be called to "The silent halls of death." He will need no monument of bronze or polished marble shaft to keep alive the recollection of his busy life. The Odd Fellows who knew him will continue to remember him as long as an unimpaired mentality is left to them. Brother Hayes was one of the members of our great Order, of whom it can truthfully be said : "Such men die not, but on the arms of love, We who have felt their power and knew their care, Lift them to brighter skies, and fairer scenes. Beyond the reach of earthly toil and fear." Did time permit, I might point out the noble, worthy foot- prints which he has left "on the sands of time," footprints in which we may tread with honor to ourselves and benefit to the Order. It will well repay us to carefully study his life and make an honest effort to emulate his worthy, rich example. As a hus- band and father he was kind, affectionate, and indulgent; as a friend he was both loyal and true ; as a citizen he was patriotic ; as an Odd Fellow he practiced the principles of Friendship, Love and Truth, exemplifying in his daily life a full realization and perfect understanding of the true, fraternal relationship which the Creator intended should exist between the members of the human family. True, his earthly life and presence are no more, but in the sacred, silent chambers of our memories, the example of his life will ever remain as a legacy of priceless worth. Interested though he was in many walks of life, he more than all others loved the Order which we here represent. His genial and kind nature seemed in perfect harmony with the grand and great lessons of our beloved Order. His name will be revered and many a kindly act of his, many a cheerful word will be the subject of grateful remembrance. His fidelity and devotion to our Fraternity was no heartless and halfway service. It was the full, free unstinted love of a heart warm with affection baptized with the spirit of a noble humanity. 32 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. "We'll not forget thee, we who stay, To work a little longer here; Thy name, thy faith, thy love shall lie On memory's page all bright and clear. And when o'er wearied with the toil Of life, our heavy limbs shall' be. We'll come and one by one lie down Upon dear mother earth with thee." My brothers, surrounded though we are on this occasion with sad memories, there is in the thoughts that present them- selves rich food for reflection, as we recall the lives of those who have "gone before." In thinking over their lives let us draw from them lessons that will be beneficial to us in our every day life. Let us make an honest, earnest effort to live so that our pathways shall be strewn with happy recollections and pleasant memories. "So live that when thy summons comes to join The innumerable caravan that moves To the pale realms of shade, where each shall take His chamber in the silent halls of death, Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night, Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams." Thus did our departed brother live, and though his frail tabernacle of clay has been gathered to its kindred dust, the bril- liant legacy of noble deeds, of faithful labors, of domestic affec- tion, of official integrity, will survive the grave, and transmit immortal blessings through the cycles of infinite change. Survived by living and loving witnesses of his virtue and his worth, we as friends and brothers pause for a brief moment to add this tribute to his memory. "The night dew that falls, though in silence it weeps. Shall brighten with verdure, the grave where he sleeps. And the tear that we shed, though in silence it rolls. Shall long keep his memory green in our souls." DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 33 DISTINGUISHED VISITORS. Governor Frank B. Willis was the first of Tuesday's dis- tinguished guests to arrive. Thomas J. Maxwell joined him at Fostoria, and at Bradner they were met by John M. Sherman in his closed car and hurried to Spiegel Grove. U. S. Senator Atlee Pomerene and Congressman A. W. Overmyer were met at Fostoria at 9 :23 a. m. by R. J. Christy, Emery Lattanner, W. E. Lang and Dell Cushman, in the latter's new National car. Ex-Governor James E. Campbell and a number of the officers and trustees of the Archaeological and Historical Society were met at the F. & F. station at 12 130 by Judge W. B. McConnell, Hon. James G. Hunt and Homer Sherman and taken immediately to the Grove. Capt. A. O. Baumann, commanding Co. K, 6th Inf. Ohio National Guard, sent firing squads to the cemeteries and, with the remainder of his company, pitched his shelter tents and com- pany mess-tent in Spiegel Grove and remained on duty till the close of the afternoon exercises. They were especially efficient in passing the crowd of school children through the Memorial Building, and received with proper mihtary courtesies the Gov- ernor of Ohio, Hon. F. B. Willis, and later in the day the Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War, whom they escorted from the Buckland gateway to the residence in Spiegel Grove. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker and Mrs. Baker were met at the i :20 N. Y. C, by Col. Webb C. Hayes, Thomas A. Dean, H. C. DeRan, James G. Hunt, Judge W. B. McConnell, R. J. Christy, Hon. A. W. Overmyer and others, and escorted to the Grove in Judge McConnell's car. Mrs. Baker was taken in charge by Mrs. Webb C. .Hayes, Mrs. C. R. Truesdall, Mrs. M. Holderman, and Mrs. Louis A. Dickinson, following in the Hayes car to the Grove. ' " Along the line of march through the Grove the secretary was saluted by Captain , Sayles' Maccabee rifle company drawn up along the driveway. ' ' Both of these incidents very much impressed the Secretary of War and were greatly appreciated by him. In each instance he 34 DEDICATION OF THE HAVES MEMORIAL. very graciously doffed his hat in recognition of the honor thus paid him. When it was suggested to him that these were the boys who would help him in Mexico in case the situation came to that, he very earnestly and seemingly sadly remarked, "Yes, yes, I know, but we hope and pray they will not be needed." Immediately upon the arrival of Secretary Baker the real dedication of the Memorial, the Grove and the Mansion was begun. PROCEEDINGS OF THE OHIO STATE ARCH^OLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Gathered about the speakers' stand Tuesday afternoon on the spacious lawn fronting the noble Hayes mansion in far-famed Spiegel Grove, a vast multitude listened with rapt attention to the eloquent program of prayer and speech, song and music, which dedicated the magnificent memorial erected by the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society to perpetuate the memory of Ohio's most illustrious son, Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th president of the United States, 1877-1881. The meeting was called to order by Pres. G. F. Wright, who spoke as follows : ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT WRIGHT. My Fellow Citizens: The dedication here today of the Hayes Memorial Library and Museum, erected in the Spiegel Grove State Park, will serve to perpetuate the memory of Ruth- erford Birchard Hayes, whose ser\-ices were preeminently valua- ble in the Union Army during the War for the Union ; in Congress, as a representative from his State; in the office of Governor of Ohio (to which he was elected three times) ; and as the nine- teenth President of the United States. An additional interest in this occasion is given by DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 35 the coincidence that Spiegel Grove, which by dedication be- comes the property of the State, to be preserved as a Park per-- petuating the memory of President Hayes, also in some degree perpetuates the name of William Henry Harrison, the first Ohio President. Through these grounds may still be traced the trail over which General Harrison led his army in 1813 to the decisive vic- tories on land which preceded and followed that of Perry on Lake Erie ; while an impressive gateway to the Grove does due honor to this distinguished citizen of the State and to his brave and noble army. The event which we now celebrate in the completion Of this beautiful building and in setting it apart with its invaluable library and its marvelous collection of historical relics, together with the opening of Spiegel Grove as a public park, may well arouse the patriotism of the whole nation. Long before the army of 1813 passed through these grounds, the aboriginal inhabitants of America had been in the habit of threading their way under its majestic trees on the trail leading from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River. Almost in sight of where we now stand, also, is the monument to Major Croghan and his gallant band who a short time before Perry's Victory, defended Fort Stephenson against an overwhelming force of British and Indians, and com- pelled General Proctor to withdraw, thus saving Ohio from in- vasion. It is an interesting coincidence that this center of historic interest was in early life chosen as his residence by Rutherford Birchard Hayes, who by his preeminent qualities, both military and civil, rose to the highest position which a citizen of the United States may hope to attain. Of the deeds of this most dis- tinguished citizen of Fremont the orator of the day will speak. It remains for me only to give a brief history of Spiegel Grove and the building which we now dedicate. When about the middle of the last century, Spiegel Grove \vas chosen for the Hayes' family residence it was completely covered with a primeval forest. A space in the center, sufficient to let in sunlight and to afford a beautiful and spacious lawn, was cleared, and the future home erected upon it. In later years 36 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. additions were made until it assumed its present stately propor- tions. The original Grove consists of about twenty-five acres, all within the two square miles of the old Indian Free City, deeded to the United States in 1786 by treaty, and now known as Fremont. Through the generosity, filial devotion and public spirit of a son, Colonel Webb C. Hayes, who had come into possession of the property, the whole tract was ofifered to the State as a public park in memory of his parents. His deed simply required its maintenance as a State park and : "That the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society should secure the erection upon that part of Spiegel Grove here- tofore conveyed to the State of Ohio for a State Park, a suitable fireproof building, on the site reserved opposite the Jefferson Street entrance, for the purpose of preserving and forever keep- ing in Spiegel Grove all papers, books and manuscripts left by the said Rutherford B. Hayes * * * which building shall be in the form of a Branch Reference Library and Museum of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, and the con- struction and decoration of the said building shall be in the nature of a memorial also to the soldiers, sailors, and pioneers of Sandusky County ; and suitable memorial tablets, busts and dec- orations indicative of the historical events and patriotic citizen- ship of Sandusky County shall be placed in and on said building, and said building shall forever remain open to the public under proper rules and regulations to be hereafter made by said Society." The Legislature of Ohio generously appropriated $50,000. Of this, $40,000 was used toward the building and $10,000 was for paving the streets surrounding Spiegel Grove. Lnpressive entrances to the grounds, through gateways bordered with mas- sive walls of granite boulders, were constructed by Colonel Hayes. Two of these gateways are between immense cannon erected on end and inscribed, in the one case to the memory of the French and British Explorers, and the Soldiers of the War of 1812 who passed over the Harrison Trail ; and in the other to the soldiers of Sandusky County who served in the War with Mexico and the War for the Union. The bodies of President and Mrs. Hayes were transferred to the beautiful knoll in the Grove, together with DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 37 the modest monument which President Hayes before his death had erected, in Oalcwood Cemetery, of Vermont granite, from the quarries near his father's birthplace. Colonel Hayes has expended in increasing the attractions of the Grove and the buildings in it, together with its endowment, about $100,000 in cash. This with adjoining real estate and the value of the Hayes Memorial Library represents by fair valuation a quarter of a million dollars, which becomes the property of the State, en- trusted to the care of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society. As pilgrims come to this sacred spot from far and near they cannot fail to be impressed with the importance of the historical events which are here commemorated, and with the debt which we owe to the heroic men who did so much here both to obtain and to preserve the liberties of our country. With Major Croghan in the nearby Fort Stephenson Park they will, in im- agination, await the psychological moment when the order comes to let loose the charge from "Old Betsy" that was to destroy the British forces that were making their final assault. With eager steps they will march with General Harrison and his army, through the southern gateway, along the old Indian trail, as he hastens from his headquarters at Fort Seneca to embark, at the portage of Port Clinton, upon Perry's victorious ships, to be landed in Canada for the triumphant victory of the Thames. Through the western gateway, they will be thrilled by the thought of the heroes that from this county fell in the Mexican War and in the War for the Union, and by the memory of General Mc- Pherson, the highest in rank and command to fall upon the field of battle in the War for the Union. At the grave of President Hayes and in this memorial building a flood of memories will come as they recall his gallantry on the field of battle, his wise administration of the government of his native State, and of the transcendent service which he rendered in the face of violent opposition and abuse as president of the United States to restore that loyalty and good feeling which we now witness in such full degree between the warring sections of fifty years ago. All these are monuments to remind us of the extreme and unselfish devo- tion of private interests to the public good which are shown only 38 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. by soldiers and statesmen of the highest rank. Here may we come in increasing numbers to devote ourselves anew to the ser- vice of our country and our common humanity. President Wright then introduced the Rev. J. C. Roberts, pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, of Fremont, who delivered this invocation : "Our Heavenly Father we praise Thee for all the things that tell us of Thy presence in the earth. We thank Thee for this day. The day when we remember those who have made possible the spirit of this hour. This day when we carry the flowers Thou hast made and reverently lay them on the graves of the men who died that the nation might live. We praise Thee for the life of the Republic. Thou hast led us thus far, and we believe Thou wilt lead us to the end of the journey. We would not be unmindful of the lives of all great national leaders. We are especially grateful this day for the life and service of our own Rutherford Birchard Hayes. The simplicity, consistency, fidelity and devotion of his life appeal to every American. May the mantle of his patriotism fall on every one here assembled. We must ever praise Thee for the noble life of our very own Lucy Webb Hayes, first lady of the land, as noble as the President. More than any other woman in America she has lifted the stainless white banner of devoted motherhood, faithful wife- hood, pure social life, and unswerving fidelity to the noblest ideals of Christian womanhood. She has lifted every woman to higher ideals. The memory of her faultless life leaves a halo on the brow of womanhood. We thank Thee today for the generosity of Colonel Webb C. Hayes, the honored son of our first citizen. For his noble and most generous wife, who has joined him in making possible this hour. The benefits of their united giving will bless not only the nation and the State, but every citizen of Fremont for all the years. Bless, we pray Thee today, the rich gifts that have been laid by these hands on the altar of the State, and in the trembling hand of the sick and sufifering of humanity. May the hand of the world's Savior rest in blessing on the filial and patriotic devotions of material values. < w X (ii J DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 39 Bless, we pray, the Republic of which we are a part. Be with all who are in places of leadership. Guide the Nation through all dangers to a safe harbor. Help us to become to all nations the truest expression of the divine program for human government. We ask all in the name of Jesus Christ who has given us the ideals upon which all lasting human civilizations must stand. Amen." "The Star Spangled Banner" was then sung by the Col. George Croghan Chapter, D. A. R., and the Fremont Church Choirs (who were seated on a specially constructed platform to the right of the speakers' stand), and led by Prof. Alfred Arthur, leader of the 23d Regiment Band; accompanied by the Woodman Band. President Wright then introduced his Honor, Mayor George Kinney, of Fremont, who gave the following address of welcome : ADDRESS OF MAYOR GEORGE W. KINNEY. Mr. President and Ladies and Gentlemen of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, through and by whose grand achievements and devotion to duty we are able to dedicate this magnificent memorial — this historic mansion — this match- less grove — this place of beauty — to the sacred memory of Rutherford B. Hayes, I bid you welcome. To all you aged soldiers of the War for the Union who were his allies in war and his comrades i-n peace, who come here to evidence your love and devotion to your old commander, I bid you welcome. To all you honorable gentlemen, representatives of this great nation and state who honor us by your presence in this dedicatory service to the memory of one of the noblest of America's great men, I bid you welcome. To all other organizations and associations, and especially the Odd Fellows, of which he was an active and devoted member for fifty years — some of you have known him all these years, yet none knew him but to love, and none named him but to praise, and any and all of you come to express your love, respect and ad- miration for your townsman and your friend, I bid you welcome. 40 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. The thing we dedicate here today has not been erected as a temporary expedient, but will stand as a monument for all time to the glory of this society, this state, and the distinguished dead. It will serve as a perpetual reminder to your children's children of the many kind acts done, the many kind words spoken by this noble man and still more noble woman, whose ashes lie at rest in this consecrated ground. It will arouse inspirations and aspirations and create ideals for the young they can never forget. May its influence go with them through life and when aged and gray, may they be truthfully able to say : "Still over these scenes my memory walks And fondly broods with miser care ; Time the impression but stronger make As streams their channels deeper wear." We are not unmindful of the jewels placed in our keeping this day. By erecting this memorial building of the everlasting rock, and placing such priceless treasures therein of books and parchments, you have made this a city of refuge for future scholars — a Mecca for future ages, for which we are indeed deeply grateful. History is always tardy to do justice to the great — it is too soon for his eulogy — too soon for his history — but a future age will render the honor and glory to him which has been un- justly withheld by this. Possessed of the wisdom of the present and the past — he knew how to become great without ceasing to be virtuous — fame should be earnest in her joy, and proud of such a son. He fought, but not for love of strife — he struck but to defend — he never became estranged from any man before he sought to be his friend. He stood the firm, the wise, the patriot sage — he cherished his neighbor, he loved his country, and revered his God. When time shall have come, and come it will, that the his- torians will have recatalogued the galaxy of America's greatest men, you will find written at the poll, or very near the poll, the fair fame and sacred name of R. B. Hayes. Once again I bid you all a solemn and cordial welcome, and DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 4I ask each and every one of you to register here on this consecrated spot a solemn vow to preserve this nation forever and forever to the American — peaceably if we can, forcibly if we must, but for America, America forever and forever. , Mr. Charles R. Williams, of Princeton, biographer of Ruth- erford Birchard Hayes, then delivered the following address : ADDRESS OF CHARLES R. WILLIAMS. We are met today to signalize the formal dedication of the Hayes Memorial building. There has been no occasion like this in all the history of our beloved country. It is made possible by the gracious cooperation of filial affection and worthy public appreciation, for which I recall no parallel in our annals. By deed of gift, a few years ago, Colonel Webb C. Hayes conveyed to the state, for the benefit of. the Archaeological and Historical Society, this beautiful historic grove, through which ran the famous Indian trail by which William Henry Harrison marched "his forces to Lake Erie, and whose ancient oaks had sheltered savage wigwams and been lighted by the bivouac fires of hardy frontier soldiers of 1812. The gift was on condition that the society should procure the erection of a suitable fireproof build- ing for the permanent preservation of the books and papers and personal belongings of President and Mrs. Hayes. Of course the society, of which Mr. Hayes was long president, and which has done so much to gather, to investigate, and to preserve records and documents and objects of historical and archaeological sig- nificance, was rejoiced to accept the gift and to undertake the trust. And the state, through legislature and governor both, as it happened, Democratic at the time — was not slow to mani- fest its appreciation of the gift and to do its share to make the gift secure, rightly esteeming its patriotic purpose and its large and permanent worth. To Senator T. A. Dean, of Fremont, for "his effective presentation of the cause before the legislature, we should not fail, on this day of rejoicing, to give special credit and praise. He saw clearly, he spoke persuasively for the honor of Ohio's greatest President, for the dignity and glory of the state. 42 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. Charles Richard Williams. DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 43 So, as I said a moment ago, in dedicating this beautiful structure of Ohio stone and enduring bronze, built to commem- orate the life and public services of Ohio's pre-eminent citizen, we are celebrating today the finished result of the gracious co- operation of filial affection and worthy public appreciation. Through the long future, this fair grove, with its immemorial trees and trees of sentimental appeal, rich in its associations with — "old, unhappy, far-off things And battles long ago." embowering the spacious mansion, still redolent of the unclouded domestic felicity of which it was the centre, and surcharged with memories of gracious and abounding hospitality, of numberless patriotic gatherings in which great and famous men had part, of peaceful communing of its master with good books and devoted friends, of self-sacrificing benevolent activities, will remain, un- desecrated by vandal industry, uncontaminated by commercial exploitation. Under the protecting aegis of the society and the state, Spiegel Grove — haunt and habitation of good spirits — will abide in perpetuity, a grateful source of pleasure and recre- ation to this community ; a shrine for patriotic visitors from afar, who shall have formed true judgment of the noble part in our history enacted, through long and strenuous years, by the man whose home this was. Here men of remote ge-nerations shall see the very surroundings, the very house with its familiar furnish- ings and objects of use and ornament, in which abode, with his gracious and beloved consort, the President, whose wisdom of administration brought the Civil War epoch of our national life to a just and happy conclusion. And in this Memorial build- ing they shall see the books he used and loved, the manuscripts that record his thoughts, and articles innumerable of utility or taste which give some hint of his varied interests and of his manifold activities. Here, too, in close association, they shall behold intimate memorials of that rare and beautiful woman whose influence and inspiration was felt in all that he thought and did; whose char- acter and life are a perpetual honor and example to American womanhood. Hither students of American history will resort 44 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. for study and investigation, and here they shall find treasures of private and personal information to reward their search, and to clarify their conclusions touching the measures and the men of a momentous period. There is special propriety in conducting this service on this particular day. It is the day set apart for recalling the deeds and honoring the memory of the men who served and saved the country when civil war threatened its destruction. Among those men, conspicuous for his gallantry and for his devotion to the country's cause, was the man whose high worth this building recognizes and commemorates. Well acquainted as most of us here are with the facts of his life, we shall do well for a little while to ponder his career and to seek from his example to draw some inspiration to lofty thought and civic virtue. Of course, no extended survey of his many-sided life is possible, even if it were desirable, on an occasion like this. It is sufificient for my purpose to touch upon his distinctive qualities and achievements, and to note the principles that governed his thought and conduct. Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born at Delaware, Ohio, October 4, 1822. He was of pure New England parentage, of English and Scotch descent. His American ancestors were sturdy pioneers; honest, wholesome, industrious, God-fearing folk, do- ing faithfully their duty to family and state; and when the war for independence came, leaping whole-heartedly to the support of the American cause. The best part of his heritage from his clean-living New England forebears was a sound physical con- stitution, a clear and active mind, a tradition of conscientious rectitude of conduct, and a scrupulous sense of duty. What better endowment could one desire for a lad, provided he have the environment and opportunity to develop his powers, and provided he have the will to make the most of himself ? And all this young Hayes had. There was nothing in the least precocious or out of the usual in his boyhood and youth. He was fond of sports ; he was fond of the open-air life and adventures with rod and gun which normal lads of the country enjoy. But with all this he was conscientiously industrious in his pursuit of knowledge ; and in his college years, boy as he still was, he began to be conscious of his latent abilities and to seek by rigid self-examination and DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 45 appraisal of defects to follow the Socratic injunction, "Know thy- self." This self-scrutiny, this weighing of his own powers in comparison with others, did not result in egotism or self-conceit; it only made him see more clearly his own limitations and spurred him to greater effort for intellectual growth and attainment. And with this, too, his character was strengthening into self-mastery and self-reliance, and he was coming to distinct, clear-minded conclusions on fundamental questions of life and conduct; on what were the just aims of ambition; on what constituted true success in human endeavor. "As far back as memory can carry me," he wrote at nine- teen, just entering his senior year at Kenyon, "the desire of fame was uppermost in my thoughts, but I never desired other than honorable distinction. The reputation which I desire is not that momentary eminence which is gained without merit and lost with- out regret. Give me the popularity which runs after, not that which is sought for. Let me triumph as a man or not at all. Defeat v^rithout disgrace -can be borne, but laurels which are not deserved sit like a crown of thorns on the head of their possessor. It is, indeed, far better to deserve honors without having them, than to have them without deserving them." In these brief sentences of youthful meditation and aspira- tion we have not only a noble confession of faith, a noble resolu- tion of soul integrity, but also a luminous prophecy of the attitude toward public honors and distinctions that during his long life should characterize their author. For never, throughout his career, did Mr. Hayes seek any public office, or ask for any pro- motion, or endeavor to gain any distinction or honor in any one of the many social or philanthropic organizations of which he was a member. Offices, honors, promotions, distinctions sought him out and were pressed upon him. Often they were accepted with extreme reluctance, but once accepted, the duties they in- volved were performed with conscientious assiduity. Surely, if ever a man did, he had the realization of his boyhood's wish. He won "honorable distinction." He enjoyed "the popularity which runs after, not that which is sought for." He, indeed, attained "triumph as a man." In all the years of his law practice, whatever the demands of 46 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. his professional engagements or the encroachments on his time and energy of social life and of his increasing participation in political effort and civic enterprises, he adhered steadfastly to his projects for self-discipline and self-culture, and sought ever to enlarge the sphere of his knowledge. He was always reading good books; not only books that should amplify his range of information concerning history and jurisprudence and principles of liberty and government, but the great books of pure literature which should quicken his imagination, elevate his thought, fortify and ennoble his character, and give his spirit fuller and clearer vision. Here is the rule of reading that he laid down for him- self in this period; and who could frame a better? "In general literature, read Burke, Shakespeare and the standard authors constantly, and always have on hand some book of worth not before, perused. Avoid occasional reading of a light character. Read always as if I were to repeat it the day after- ward." So, unconsciously, he was schooling his mind and character for the larger duties, the vast responsibilities, which, beyond his wildest dreams of ambition, the future had in store for him. Being what he was, there could be no doubt how he would feel and what he would do when Rebellion raised its angry crest against our Federal Union. In his diary, intended for no eye but his own, he wrote with calm deliberation : "I would prefer to go into the war if I knew I was to die or be killed in the course of it, than to live through and after it without taking any part in it." There spoke the pure soul of the man. Looking before and after, discerning the country's need and peril, laying aside all personal regard, listening only to the voice of patriotic duty, without hesi- tation or doubt or fear of consequences, he formed his high re- solve, he chose with unfaltering purpose "on whose party he should stand." And into the war he went, and for four years gave heart and soul to its bloody business, doing with all his mind and might every task assigned him, heedless of personal peril and too busy with the work in hand to give a thought to questions of rank or promotion. He was glad to shed his blood that the good cause might prosper. Friends in Cincinnati might nominate him for Congress, if they thought his name would strengthen the Union DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 47 ticket, while the tide of war was at flood in the Shenandoah valley. But when they asked him to seek a furlough and come home to make speeches, that was quite another thing. Instantly, with something like indignation at the thought, he wrote : "Your suggestion about getting a furlough to take the stump was certain- ly made without reflection. An officer fit for duty who at this crisis would abandon his post to electioneer for a seat in congress ought to be scalped. You may feel perfectly sure I shall do no such thing." Let the election go as it might; his duty was with the colors on "the perilous edge of battle." It was a crisis in the Republican situation in Ohio in 1875 that forced Mr. Hayes from retirement, much against his will, and gave him the unprecedented honor of a third nomination for governor. He had served with credit in congress during the stormy early days of reconstruction. He had been governor two terms — abundant in achievement of permanent value to the com- monwealth. Then, refusing to be elected senator by disloyalty to John Sherman, he had retired to Spiegel Grove, intending never again to take a leading part in political life. In 1873 the Demo- crats had elected William Allen governor by an insignificant plurality. In 1874 they had swept the state in the congressional elections. In 1875 the Republicans, almost despairing of their chances, were yet determined to spare no effort to regain the state. All eyes turned with one accord toward Mr. Hayes, who in his previous campaigns had defeated Ohio's ablest Democratic champions, Allen G. Thurman, and George H. Pendleton ; and, despite his persistent refusal to be a candidate before the nomin- ating convention, the convention would hear of no other man. Under the circumstances, he had preforce to yield his personal preference and accept the nomination. The dominating issue of the campaign was sound money versus Greenbackism — the latter making strong and insinuating appeal to the unthinking masses, suffering from the severe de- pression which followed the financial crash of 1873. The contest in Ohio was watched with close and anxious attention by the entire nation. Mr. Hayes fought the good fight for sound money, up and down the state, with a vigor and convincing power which compelled victory. This brilliant success made him at once a 48 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. national figure ; and it was this great achievement more than any- thing else which caused his party to recognize his fitness for the Presidency, and which in 1876 procured for him the nomination. I can only allude to the troublous and tumultuous times which followed the election. Through all those bitter months of angry controversy and threatening partisan recrimination, Mr. Hayes preserved unruffled poise and dignity, desirous only that right and justice should prevail, whatever his own fate might be. When the long and rancorous dispute was ended and his title to the Presidency was declared indefeasible, he entered the White House with one sole purpose, to serve the interests of the whole country to the limit of his ability and his opportunity. In his inaugural address he gave voice to the principle which should control his conduct in a sentence which at once became a maxim of political wisdom : "He serves his party best who serves his country best." The judgment of posterity, I believe, will pronounce Mr. Hayes' administration one of the cleanest, sanest, most efficient administrations in our history. No breath of scandal ever sullied its fair fame. In all its relations, domestic and foreign, honesty, efficiency and sound decisions, coupled with dignity and courtesy, prevailed. And Mr. Hayes has to his enduring credit three achievements of vast and far-reaching consequence. First : He settled for all time the dangerous and perplexing Southern ques- tion on a sound and rational basis. Whatever the past sins of the Southern states, the national government, Mr. Hayes saw, could not go on treating those states differently from other states. That seems too obvious to mention now. It was epoch-making in 1877. Second: Mr. Hayes, always a defender of sound money, restored specie payments. He did this, to be sure, under a law passed before he became President, but he. had to accomplish his purpose in defiance of a hostile congress and in the face both of wide-spread disbelief in its . feasibility and doubt of its wisdom, which only high courage and steadfast determination could have surmounted. The national credit was established on a firmer basis than ever and returning prosperity smiled beneficently upon the land. And, third, he made the first sincere and serious effort to bring about genuine civil service reform. He did not do all he DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 49 had hoped to do in this respect. But in the face of incredible obloquy and opposition he took the first courageous step which made possible and soon compelled the adoption of his principles. In all these great accomplishments he had the active and per- sistent hostility of powerful influences in his own party. But he was undismayed, serene in the conviction that he was right, and he won in spite of all opposition. The event, he felt confident, would approve the wisdom of his policies and bring the doubters and antagonists to confusion. And his judgment was altogether sound. As I have said elsewhere : "When Mr. Hayes entered upon his term the country was still depressed and suffering from the effects of the severe financial panic of 1873; and his party was discredited, riven by internal dissensions, and on the verge of collapse. When he left the White House, bounding prosperity made glad the hearts of the people, and his party was once more triumphant, confident, aggressive. The wonder is that with a hostile congress, and with his own party disunited in its support of all the great policies to which he was committed by his letter of acceptance and his inaugural address, and which he determ- inedly pursued — the wonder is that he could accomplish as much as he did. His administration proved and illustrated his own wise maxim that he serves his party best who serves his country best. In the face of the protests, the denunciation, and the mal- ignant enmity of men who had long been leaders of his party, he serenely maintained his course, firmly convinced in his own mind that the policies he was enforcing, instead of wrecking his party, as his detractors angrily prophesied, would bring new strength and new courage to the Republican cause. And the result proved that he was far wiser than his critics." Mr. Hayes returned gladly to Spiegel Grove when his term as President expired, but not to a life of dignified leisure only. During the twelve years that still remained to him, he devoted all his thought and energy, freely and without reward, to the furtherance of worthy benevolent causes — to the interests of the old soldiers, to education in the South and in the universities of Ohio, to the advocacy of manual training in the public schools, to the amelioration of the condition of the freedmen, and to the ^reat cause of prison reform. In all these fields of effort he was 50 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. a leader and not a follower; always an advocate of policies a little in advance of current popular opinion; just as when Gov- ernor and President he urged in his messages upon legislature and congress measures of reform and proposals for new legislation which only after his time men gained wisdom to appreciate and to adopt. Detractors and malignant critics might scoff and sneer and seek to belittle his achievements or to deride his proposals, but their silly clamor never provoked him to explanation or de- fense; never disturbed his equanimity; never embittered his thought. He was willing to let his actions justify themselves, willing to trust the calm judgment of the future to approve the wisdom and the righteousness of his conduct. The controlling principle of his life was simplicity itself. It was, under all conditions and in all circumstances, to do what he belived to be right. The motto of the Scotch family of Hayes from which he traced his descent, was the single Latin word Recte. That is the adverb form of the word that means straight or right. In all his conduct, public and private, Mr. Hayes ex- emplified that motto. He was "straight" in thought and action; he moved in right lines ; ; his dealings were void of indirection or equivocation. Mr. Hayes believed intensely but intelligently in America, in its polity, in its future, in its exalted mission under Divine favor, for the world — for humanity. His was not a blind, unreasoning patriotism. His convictions were based on wide knowledge of history, on prolonged pondering of govern- mental systems, on thorough understanding of the common people — their modes of thought, their beliefs, their aspirations. He knew "In what a forge and what a heat Were shaped the anchors" of our Ship of State ; and he believed sincerely that "Humanity with all its fears, With all its hopes of future years, Was hanging breathless on her fate." DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 5I And yet he was fully conscious of the faults and defects and dangers of our system, of the constant vigilance necessary to pre- serve "the jewel of liberty in the house of freedom," of the perils arising from the prodigious concentration of wealth in a few hands and from the clash of contending interests and jealous- ies of class, of the new duties that new occasions were continually teaching. But he never lost faith in the Republic, never doubted the essential soundness of the people, never despaired that right causes would in the end prevail, if men that saw the right worked on steadily, hopefully, patiently. In his young manhood, in a letter to his betrothed, he gave striking expression of his fine spirit of optimism, which increas- ing years and experience could never quench nor qualify : "When I see the immeasurable changes which a century or two have produced," he wrote, "it gives me heart to throw my little efforts in favor of the good projects of the age, however slow their apparent progress. Nothing great is accomplished in a day, but gradually the strong hours conquer all obstacles." Take heart, take heart, O ye of little faith — even ye who through the lurid clouds of the mad and frightful war now devastating Europe seem to hear infernal angels croaking the doom of civilization. For, be assured "Our sins cannot push the Lord's right hand from under" ; be assured that, in God's good time, "gradually the strong hours shall conquer all obstacles." One quality further of Mr. Hayes I must note and empha- size, and that was his love for Fremont, his appreciation of the respect and confidence of her people that he enjoyed, his pride in her growth and prosperity, his interest in all that contributed to her welfare. Here only was his real home, and whenever he was absent from it he longed for the day of his return. He was deeply touched by the public reception given him here by friends and neighbors of all parties after his nomination for the Presi- dency. As his term was nearing its close, he looked forward, with eager anticipation, "to the freedom, independence and safety of the obscure and happy home in the pleasant grove at Fremont." When, at Cleveland, the sudden attack which was to prove fatal came upon him and he was urged to delay his journey home, he declared: "I would rather die at Spiegel Grove than to live 52 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. anywhere else." His regard for Fremont was not confined to mere sentiment. No project for its betterment but had his sympathy, his counsel, his assistance. It is due to his activity and to his generosity that the city has its public parks and its library. For, whatever fame or fortune Fremont may attain, to the country and the world at large it will alway be chiefly notable because it was here that Rutherford B. Hayes had his home. It will be a perpetual benediction to the people of state and nation that Ohio has erected and will maintain this beautiful building to commemorate the fame and achievements of her great citizen. The future, in my judgment, will increase his fame, will come to a clearer and fuller understanding, and so to a just appreciation of the greatness and value of his achievements. His character and worth shine more resplendent with every fresh con- templation of his career. I can only repeat, by way of perora- tion, what I have already said elsewhere, and what my added reflection reaffirms and enforces : "He may not have possessed transcendent intellectual gifts, nor the brilliancy and imaginative power displayed by great orators, but he had, in equipoise and under complete control, all the solid qualities of character and mind which fit a man to win the confidence of his fellows and mark him for their chosen leader. These were a clear and penetrating intelligence, impreg- nable to the assaults of sophistry ; a judgment, cautious and de- liberate in action, but when once formed not to be shaken from its conviction; a will that did not waver; sincerity and honesty of mind and act ; absolute veracity and candor in speech and conduct; faithfulness in discharging every obligation imposed on him or assumed by him; constant and unquestioning obedience to the commands of duty ; a conscience void of offense ; a patriot- ism that rose above party, that was founded on intense faith in the American constitution and an abiding belief in the high mission, under Providence, of America in the world, and that was ready to give his life for his country's welfare; an under- standing of the common people — the great masses of his fellow countrymen — and full sympathy with their needs and aspirations ; unselfish interest in all wise endeavors for the public good. And with all this he was DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 53 "Rich in saving common-sense, And, as the greatest only are, In his simplicity, sublime." Surely, we shall be dtill indeed of apprehension if we catch no inspiration from his ardor for humanity; if we feel no impulse to emulate the virtues which made his service to the world so great. I, at least, thing of him always as of "One who never turned his back but marched breast forward, Never doubted clouds would break. Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrong would triumph. Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, Sleep to wake." After a song, the Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War, representing the President of the United States, was presented and spoke in part as follows : ADDRESS OF HON. NEWTON D. BAKER, SECRETARY OF WAR. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: Before leaving Washington last night, I was charged by the President of the United States to convey to you his greetings, and to say that it is a inatter of sin- cere regret to him that he is not able to be here on this significant occasion. He would have paid a tribute not only to the great office in which President Hayes preceded him, but as he is a scholar himself he would have borne a scholar's testimony to the eminent service rendered in that office by Ru- therford B. Hayes. We have been richly favored here today in the address just closed. Dr. Williams, whose biography of Presi- dent Hayes is and always will be a standard work dealing with that sub- ject, has detailed for us the life of this President from the days of his childhood through the testing years of the civil war, and 54 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. into that serene and mellow age of retirement in which the people of Fremont best knew the ex-President. Little, therefore, re- mains to be added to the tribute which Dr. Williams has paid, but I can perhaps be permitted to recall two incidents in my own life which associated his personality and political fortunes with my own thinking. The first of these was in 1876, when I was between four and five years of age, living in the town of Martinsburg, W. Va., and though of very tender age, still an extremely ardent political partisan. It was the day of party flag-poles, and the custom throughout the countryside and in all the villages was that the rival parties should erect great poles, and on the top of them place their party emblem. In the public square of my native village, there were erected two such poles, one for Tilden, sur- mounted by a broom, and one for Hayes, surmounted by a glisten- ing globe. As I was a very earnest Democrat, and was quite sure in all the philosophy of my four years of life that that party repre- sented the truest traditions of the Republic, I naturally was very zealous for the pole surmounted by the broom, and I discovered that when I walked on one side of the square the Democratic pole seemed the taller, while when I walked on the other side of the square, the one below the globe seemed the higher. I, therefore, contracted at that early age the habit of walking around the northwest side of the square whenever my journeys took me through that place, and to this day when I visit Martinsburg, and want to cross the square, I follow the same practice, although the poles have long since been taken down and the broom and the globe disappeared from every memory but mine. Later, in 1890, I was a student at Johns Hopkins University when Mr. Hayes, then ex-President, came there to make an ad- dress before the Historical Seminary of which I was a member. More recent political activities of other men had obscured all my recollections of the period from 1876 to 1880, and I went to hear Mr. Hayes with little else in my mind except the childish recollection of the rivalry of the party poles, but after his ad- dress, I asked myself who is this simple and scholarly gentleman, so wise and patriotic and generous? How does it come that I do not know more of his service to his country? And I im- DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 55 mediately read his biography, and consulted those American his- tories which covered the period of his service as a soldier and as a statesman, only to discover that from his earliest youth he had adopted and lived up to high standards of honor and patriot- ism, that the idea of service to his country was always the dominant idea, that he constantly put behind him advantage and self-seeking, and sought only the place of danger or responsi- bility, trusting always that if he did his best for his country, his own fortunes could well be permitted to take care of them- selves. The struggles of the period before the war between the States and during that terrible conflict developed high capacities, and yet this Ohio soldier emerged from the crowd, became a marked man and conspicuous public servant, rose from the sol- dier's camp to the Governor's chair and then to the Presidency, the greatest office in our great Republic, and then, after he had fully performed all that could be asked of a citizen, he retired, unspoiled, simple as he was brave, continuing out of office, as a sage philosopher and adviser to his country, the patriotic services he had performed while a trusted and responsible executive. He engaged in no acrimonious disputes. He assaulted none of his successors nor their policies, he remembered no personal ani- mosities, and cherished no envy of those who were still in the active stages of their lives. But, in the midst of a family life sweet and pure, surrounded by a family which could not help becoming serviceable to its country, reared in such an atmosphere, he continued to be scholarly and patriotic, and when he died he left a life unspoiled and untainted, a reputation too large for this beautiful city of Fremont, as large and wide as the nation which he served. The important thing, however, for us who are here today is the example for our own Hves which lies in this life which is under review and discussion. Our words can add little to the his- toric place which he has achieved in our country's annals, but whether or not his life will achieve the highest good of which it is capable depends upon whether you and I, and others who may be now the citizens of the United States, who bear its burdens and its responsibilities, whose quality determines the quality of 56 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. our present day institutions, imitate his virtue and follow his example. The times have greatly changed since the Presidency of Mr. Hayes. Great as our country then seemed, it is now incomparably greater ; its territory has been increased, its population has grown enormously; its influence as a world power is now like the influ- ence of Great Britain, in that it follows the rising sun around the globe. In the meantime, the industrial processes by which the life of the community is sustained are made more intricate. We have emerged from a rural civilization into a machine age. Our commerce and our industry are much more intense. The con- gestion of our population in great cities and manufacturing places presents new problems. The challenge of this day is as great as the challenge of his day, and the need for patriots and wise men is as great now as when President Hayes made his contribution of service to our country. The question we must ask, therefore, is, are we doing as he did ? Are we offering ourselves for Amer- ica as he offered himself? Are we addressing ourselves to the solution of the problems of our day as he buckled on his sword or took up the statesmen's pen for the solution of the problems which his day presented ? I shall not take any answer to these questions. Each of us knows by searching his own mind how far he is worthy to be in any such comparison. Each of us knows whether he spends the larger part of his life fretting about little things or whether he really passes them by and gives his mind to the large issues of welfare and happiness for his country and his fellow-countrymen. Each of us knows whether he is more inter- ested by the hurried daily chronicle of small events which the newspapers present or by serious study of history and politics, in order to equip himself really to be a servant of the Republic. But, I can, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, at least be grateful with you that this splendid memorial has been erected here in Fremont, and that this Grove is hereafter to be consecrated ground, that the memory of the great service of President Hayes and that this beautiful life will be perpetuated here, so that for all time to come as the youth of this city see this place they will have impressed upon their imagination and their memory the DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 57 life of the man who from youth to advanced years really served his fellowmen, and such a memory will undoubtedly be an inspira- tion to them to take a high view of the calling of citizenship and to prepare themselves by study and thought to render such service as is within their capacity and opportunity. ADDRESS OF U. S. SENATOR POMERENE. United States Senator Pomerene spoke as follows : "I am glad to have the opportunity to come' to the beautiful city of Fremont to pay a tribute of love and respect to the mem- ory of President and Mrs. Hayes. They had such fine ideals, they were truly Christian in every thought and action. The world is the better for their having lived. President Hayes was a good lawyer, a brave soldier, a faithful Congressman, an efficient Governor, and a distinguished and capable President, but, he was more, he was a good man. Mrs. Hayes was a Christian wife and mother, both were devoted to their friends and es- pecially to those here in Fremont who knew them so long and well. I want to congratulate the people of Fremont in their successful efforts in preserving Spiegel Grove for this community and for the country at large for all time to come. I congratulate them that they have in their midst Colonel and Mrs. Webb C. Hayes, who have done so much to preserve the works and memories of their father and mother. This home with its fond memories will be an object lesson to the boys and girls of this county and this state, they will have before them as an object lesson the lives of a man and woman, than whom, this state has produced none better or purer. As I look over the history of President Hayes, I feel that all his qualities, and there were many of them, his predominat- ing characteristic was his intense love for things American and S8 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. as I think of Mrs. Hayes, I could hold her before the world as the ideal wife and mother. Fremont is a beautiful city of beautiful homes, no finer people are found than reside within her limits, and they have honored themselves by the opportunity they have taken to pre- serve Spiegel Grove. And I would be doing violence to my feelings if I did not add a word of appreciation for Senator Dean, who gave his able and enthusiastic support to the legislation necessary to secure Spiegel Grove for the public." LETTERS FROM ABSENTEES. Former Lieutenant Governor Francis W. Treadway, one of the trustees of the Society, then read the following telegram from Senator Warren G. Harding ; and also the following letters from the Hon. Robert Lansing, Secretary of State; the Hon. A. D. White, who was appointed Minister to Germany by President Hayes; and the Hon. John W. Foster, who served as Minister to Mexico during the Hayes administration, in those troublous times with Diaz in Mexico, to which the strained relations with Huerta found by President Wilson in 19 13 form an almost exact counterpart ; and also a letter from United States Senator Nathan Gofif, who is the only surviving member of the Hayes administra- tion, in which for a few months he served as Secretary of the Navy. Washington, D. C, May 29, 1916. Col. Webb C. Hayes, Fremont, Ohio. Let me emphasize my genuine regrets that I am not to add my tribute to the memory of President Hayes at Tuesday's dedication of the Memorial. The combined gentleness and dignity and courage and strength made manifest in the splendid career of President Hayes, builded a loving memorial in the hearts of his countrymen, which I trust the Spiegel Grove Memorial fittingly typifies. It is good to dedicate the Memorial on this day of reverent tribute to the Union defenders, so many of whom he brilliantly led. It is also good to consecrate ourselves anew to the preservation of the Great Heritage he and they bequeathed to us. W. G. Harding. DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 59 Washington, May 24, 1916. My Dear Mr. Hayes : I received the formal invitation from the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society to attend the dedication of the Hayes Memorial Library and Museum in Spiegel Grove, on Decoration Day, May 30tli. Mrs. Lansing and I both deeply regret our inability to attend the dedica- tion, and if we had found it possible to do so, we would have been especially gratified to be your guests on that occasion. With our appreciation and thanks for your attraciive invitation, and our regret tliat we are unable to avail ourselves of it, I am. Very sincerely yours, Robert Lansing. Webb C. Hayes, Esq., Fremont, Ohio. Andrew D. White, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Webb C. Hayes, Esq., M^y 20, 1916. Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio. My Dear Mr. Hayes : Referring to your letter of May 18, it is a matter of real sorrow with me that I have felt obliged to decline the kind invitation to the ■opening of the Hayes Memorial Library and Museum. 1 can think of nothing which I would be more glad to attend in the way of a celebration of any sort than this tribute to your honored father, and that feeling is increased by the fact that a few weeks ago I read his biography and was greatly impressed by it. My opinion regarding him was already very high, for I have regarded him ever since I came to know him as one of the best and most able men I have ever met, one of the best prepared for the highest public duties and who was faithful in the highest degree in his discharge of them. This feeling was strengthened at various times when I heard him deliver public addresses at Lake Mohonk, Cleveland, and elsewhere, and when I read his biography, I became convinced that no nobler and better fitted man had ever held the presidency. There is one saying of his that ought to be inscribed in letters of gold : The last entry made in his diary before leaving for the war, dated May 15, 1861 : "Judge Mathews and I have agreed to go into the service for the war, if possible into the same regiment. I spoke my feelings to him which he said were also his, that this was a just and necessary war, and that it demanded the whole power of the country. 6o DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. That I would prefer to go into it if I knew I was to die or be killed in the course of it, than to live through and after it without taking any part in it." But, also, I am Hearing my eighty-fourth birthday and am more and more obliged to be careful, and on the date you name I have already an engagement with a doctor which has with difficulty been put off once.. I should indeed feel it a duty to be present were the circumstances otherwise and were my health stronger, for among alt men whom I have met, President Hayes was one of those who most impressed me by the evident sincerity and nobility of his character and by all the qualities which made him a great and true man. A recent reading of his biography has also greatly impressed me as showing the development of the characteristics which led so directly to the high place which he deservedly holds in the annals of our country. I feel that as time goes on his fellow citizens of all parties will recognize more and more his great qualities and that these will emerge from the cloud of calumny which beset him in such wise that his name and fame will be ever more and more honored by the American people. I hope that some day not distant it will be possible for me to make a pilgrimage of duty to this well-deserved tribute to your father, and thank you in person for your kind invitation. With all good wishes that the commemoration to which you invite me shall be worthy of the man to whom it is given, I remain, Yours faithfully, Andrew D. White. 1323 Eighteenth Street, Washington, D. C, Webb C. Hayes, Esq., May 22, 1916. Fremont, Ohio. My Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your letter of the 18th and the card, inviting me to attend the dedication of the Memorial Library and Museum in your father's old home on May 30th. I should be greatly pleased to unite with his many friends and admirers in honoring your father's memory in the permanent form indicated, but of late my health has not been good and I am not able to- travel without serious inconvenience and I could not make the journey without considerable risk. I have always regarded your father as one of our most useful public men, of clean life and unblemished personality, and have always been proud of having served under him in an administration which was an honor to our country. It is with sincere regret that I will not be DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 6 1 able to render this further mark of my respect and friendship by attend- ing the memorial services on the 30th instant. Very truly, John W. Foster. P. S. — I am sending a photograph as requested. I greatly enjoyed reading Williams' excellent biography of your father. "Clarksburg, West Virginia, June 1, 1916. My Dear Mr. Hayes : I have been quite unwell lately which will account for my failure to write you in reply to your kind favor of the 18th ult. As I did not receive your invitation to be with you at Spiegel Grove on the 30th ult., until after that day was in the past, you will readily understand why you did not hear from me, and also why I was not with you on the occasion that would have afforded me great pleasure to have been a participant in. I very much regret this and trust that you will understand my seeming indifference, which I beg to assure you was not intended. With, kindest regards. Most truly yours, Nathan Goff." In addition to the letters already printed, letters and tele- grams of appreciation and regret were received from Ex-Gover- nors Judson Harmon and James M. Cox; Ex-Senator Burton, Ex-Minister Horace N. Allen, Hon. John S. Clarke, U. S. District Judge, Maj. Gen. H. L. Scott, Chief of Staff, U. S. A. ; Lieut. Gen. S. B. M. Young, U. S. A., Commander in Chief Loyal Le- gion; Capt. John P. Nickelson, Recorder in Chief Loyal Legion Capt. E. A. Montfort, Commander in Chief G. A. R. ; Maj Gen. George W. Goethals, U. S. A., Governor Canal Zone ; Maj Gen. M. I. Luddington, U. S. A. ; Brig. Gen. A. L. Mills, U. S A. ; Col. H. O. S. Heistand, U. S. A. ; Col. S. M. Foote, U. S. A. ; Rear Admiral Chas. E. Clark, U. S. N. ; Rear Admiral Harry Knox, U. S. N. ; Gen. Robert P. Kennedy, Bishop Wm. A. Leo- nard, the Mass. Historical Society, the New England Historic Genealogical Society, the N. Y. Genealogical and Biographical Society, the Penn. State Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, the University of Toronto, the Worcester Poly- 62 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. technic institute, the Brooklyn Institute, the Missouri Historical Society, the Florida State Museum, the president of Tufts Col- lege, the National Society of D. A. R., etc. ADDRESS OF CONGRESSMAN OVERMYER. Congressman A. W. Overmyer, of the 13th Ohio District who came from Washington, D. C, expressely to take part in the dedicatory exercises, then delivered the following address : Fortunate indeed are all of us who have been permitted to witness this ceremony today. The occasion, the place, the day, the assemblage, aU have been appropriate. The occasion is appropriate, for we meet to dedicate this splendid me- morial, erected by the great common- wealth of Ohio, to one of its most illustrious sons. The place is appro- priate for here are the hallowed scenes amid which Hayes spent so much of his mature life which was not devoted to the public service of his country. The day is appropriate for on this Memorial Day there is no more fitting service that could have been performed than to meet here and recount the deeds and review the life work of one of America's bravest soldiers and one of her most loyal de- fenders, a soldier who had the courage to fight and the ability to lead others in fighting. The assemblage is appropriate and such as eminently benefits the occasion, for the President is represented here by a member of his cabinet, an Ohio man ; the Senate and House of Representatives are represented here, and representatives of the civil and military authority of the state, the county, and the city; and the people to whom he ever turned a listening ear — the people are here, in masses such as seldom before assembled within the shadows of Spiegel Grove ; they are here to bring DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 63 their own heartfelt testimony to the occasion ; they are here representing all shades of religious and political belief, all ages and conditions of life, all are here as Americans and come to this historic and sacred spot to fraternize with each other in a fresh act of homage to the memory of Rutherford B. Hayes. Many who are here in this audience knew President Hayes and his devoted wife while they were living, knew them as neighbors, as friends, as members of the same church. To such this must be a wonderful day. I shall always cherish the memory that, as a young boy, I heard President Hayes deliver an address at a Croghan Day celebration from the old bandstand in the county park before the Court H!ouse. I can see him now as I saw him then, a noble- looking man with a kindly face, snow-white beard and hair, but with the vigor of young manhood in his heart. I do not know what phase of the life of Rutherford B. Hayes appeals to the people the most; but after having read the splendid biography of President Hayes written by the orator of the day, Doctor Williams, I will say without hesitation that the impression I shall hereafter always carry of him will not be his military service, valiant and glorious as that was, nor his services as Governor and President, valuable and statesmanlike as they were, but it will be of Rutherford B. Hayes as a man, a superb, unselfish, warm and Christian hearted man whose pure heart went out in sympathy to all mankind and was wholly in- capable of a selfish or unworthy thought. As a husband, as a father, as a citizen and neighbor and friend, Rutherford B. Hayes has left to future generations his richest heritage. Never seeking public honors, he had them thrust upon him ; yearning, as he continually did for the peace and com- fort of a quiet home life, he was called again and again to per- form high public service, to assume the highest positions of responsibility and trust. This is the stamp of true greatness. Washington had the same modesty and so did Lincoln, and in the love of his fellow-man, in patriotism, in purity of heart and unselfishness, Hayes was as great as either of them. I feel honored in having been permitted to be present at these ceremonies. Through the ages this beautiful memorial 64 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. will stand as the testimonial of a grateful people to the life and services of a truly beloved man. To this building and the beauti- ful grove surrounding it will come generations of American citi- zens, our children, grandchildren, and their descendants, and draw an inspiration to a life of unselfishness and honor as they become more and more familiar with the life and character of Ruther- ford, Birchard Hayes, that crowned and glorious life. ADDRESS OF CAPTAIN ALEXIS COPE. Captain Alexis Cope representing the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and also the associate of General Hayes on the Board of the Ohio State University, spoke as follows : President Wright, Members of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio ArchcEoloffical and Historical Societv, Ladies and Gentlemen : It was only yesterday that I received a telegram from Colo- nel Webb Hayes informing me that I would be expected to speak for the Loyal Legion on this occasion, so what I shall say has come to me in the few moments of reflection. I have had since then, and shall be brief. Indeed the eloquent and scholarly address we have just heard from the lips of his distin- guished biographer, Mr. Williams, has left his followers on the program little to say. All the high and shin- ing points of President Hayes' great career, have been touched by a master hand. I congratulate him on his noble address. I also congratu- late him on his biography of Presi- dent Hayes, in which he has given to the world in simple and most attractive style the true story of his life and public ser- vices. DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 65 I share the regret that every one present must feel that General Young, who was to speak for the Loyal Legion, is not here. If he were present, he could speak for it more fittingly than I can, for he is its present Commander in Chief, and besides being a good soldier, is an eloquent speaker. President Hayes was a charter member of the Ohio Com- mandery of the Loyal Legion, was elected its first Commander, and was re-elected four times in succession, serving from 1883 to 1887 inclusive. I recall with gratification and pride that when I presented myself as a candidate for membership in the order, it was President Hayes who administered the obligation. He was Commander in Chief of the National Commandery at the time of his death. The fundamental principles of this organization are : "First : A firm belief and trust in Almighty God, exalt- ing Him, under whose beneficent guidance the Sovereignty and integrity of the Union have been maintained, the honor of the flag vindicated and the blessings of the liberty secured, estab- lished and enlarged. "Second: True allegiance to the United States of Amer- ica, based upon paramount respect for, and fidelity to the National Constitution and laws, manifested by discountenancing whatever may tend to weaken loyalty, incite to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or impair in any manner the efficiency and permanency of our free institutions." Its objects are : "To cherish the memories and associations of the war waged in defense of the unity and indivisibility of the republic ; strengthen the ties of fraternal fellowship and sympathy formed by Companions in Arms; advance the best interests of the sol- diers and sailors of the United States, especially of those asso- ciated as Companions of the Order, and extend all possible re- lief to their widows and children ; foster the cultivation of mili- tary and naval science; enforce unqualified allegiance to the Gen- eral Government ; protect the rights and liberties of American Citizenship, and maintain National Honor, Union and Independ- ence." President Hayes was loyal to these principles and labored 66 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. faithfully for these objects. When he died, a Committee of the Ohio Commandery, of which William McKinley was chairman, said of him : "The country has lost one of its great Statesmen and one of its most noble defenders. His old army comrades have lost a brave commander, an honorable associate and a wise counsellor, the Loyal Legion one of its most devoted and be- loved companions." My duty, as prescribed by the program might perhaps prop- erly end here, but I can not forbear some remarks of a remin- iscent character. President Hayes had a passion for taking up problems left unsolved or tasks left unfinished by his predecessors. A nota- ble instance of this was the completion of the Washington Monu- ment in our National Capital, the story of which I had from his own lips. It had been begun away back in the forties and had reached a height of about one hundred and forty feet, when it was found that the foundations were not strong enough to sup- port any further weight. Work on it had been abandoned and it had stood in this unfinished condition for a generation. When Hayes became President he called together a board of army en- gineers, who under his direction devised plans for its comple- tion. He obtained from Congress the necessary appropriations, and took a personal interest in the progress of the work. It was found necessary to put a new foundation under the unfin- ished portion of the structure, and in order to do this, it had literally to be suspended in air while the work was being done. While it was so suspended, the President and Mrs. Hayes, who also took a great interest in the work, more than once walked underneath it. The President related that the engineers had placed in the excavation an instrument designed to detect and record any movement of the suspended mass. A pencil on a sheet of white paper automatically recorded any movement which occurred day or night. One morning the engineers were startled to see that the instrument during the night before had recorded some very un- usual movements or vibrations. They first thought there had been an earthquake, but inquiry at the Naval Observatory brought the report that no seismic disturbance had been recorded DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 67 on the instrument there, and they were at a loss to account for it. Finally, one of the engineers climbed to the top of the sus- pended column and found a small owl caught by its foot be- tween the slats of a window, and that its fluttering struggles to escape had caused all the trouble. The little disturber was caught and presented to Mrs. Hayes, who had it mounted and preserved. It was brought to Fremont and placed above the clock in the hall of their home, where it still remains. (I think it should be in the museum.) When President Hayes became Governor of Ohio, he found that in 1862, Congress had passed an act making large grants of land, or land scrip, to the several states for the endowment and maintenance of a college in each state for the primary pur- pose of teaching the branches of learning related to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts and Military Tactics without excluding other branches of a liberal education. The Legislature had ac- cepted the grant to Ohio of 630,000 acres of land scrip, and it had been improvidently sold at a lamentable sacrifice, realizing only about $340,000. Owing to local jealousies and the oppo- sition of the numerous existing colleges nothing had been done towards creating and locating a college to be endowed by the grant. A strong sentiment favored the division of the fund among several existing colleges, but Governor Hayes gave his voice in favor of one college, centrally located, which should re- ceive the entire grant, and aided in clearing the way for such an institution. The necessary legislation was provided by the act of March 20, 1870, during his second administration as Governor, and under this act .the institution now known as the Ohio State Uni- versity was organized and located. He appointed its first board of trustees, which held its first meeting in his office and was wisely guided by him in its deliberations. He favored its lo- cation at Columbus, and largely through his influence it acquired the large tract of valuable land which is now its spacious campus. In 1887, after having been Governor and President, on the re- quest of the University authorities, he accepted a place on its board of trustees. At that time the institution had made slow progress. It 05 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. had encountered violent opposition from the other colleges of the State, and from the agricultural classes, and such opposition still to a large extent prevailed. The legislature had refused to make adequate appropriations for its support, and for needed buildings, and it had an enrollment of only about 300 students. President Hayes at once took an active part in quieting the op- position to the institution. He was by nature a harmonizer, and largely through his influence the agricultural classes were won to its support and the opposition of the other colleges to a large extent removed. He attended regularly the meetings of the trustees, appeared before committees of the legislature in ad- vocacy of needed appropriations for buildings and equipment, and for an annual state levy sufficient for its maintenance and to meet its growing needs. These were all provided during his nearly six years of service as trustee, and largely through his influence. He saw the enrollment rise from 300 to over 800 stu- dents, and was assured that its future was secure. Could he have lived to this day he would have seen an enrollment of nearly 5000 students, and a graduating class of 900 students which next week will receive their degrees, and the University which he labored to establish and so wisely and faithfully ser- ved taking rank among the foremost educational institutions of the land. President Hayes was an advocate of industrial education and it was mainly through his influence that a department of manual training was instituted at the University.' On the invita- tion of the legislature he made an address on this subject to the two houses in joint session, which was so convincing that funds were provided for a building for manual training at the Univer- sity which bears the name "Hayes Hall." He saw this building completed and properly equipped and was eagerly seeking for a proper person to take charge of the work, when he was stricken with the illness which resulted in his death. He attended meet- ings of the Board of Trustees, of which he was then President, January nth and 12th, 1893, and in the afternoon of the 12th left for Cleveland to see a gentleman who had been recom- mended as a suitable person to take charge of the department which was to begin its work in Hayes Hall. It was while return- DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 69 ing to his home from this, his last public service, that he was fatally stricken. It was during his service as trustee of the University, that I first came to really know President Hayes. I had often met him in his political campaigns, and during most of the period from November, 1876 to March 2, 1877, as occupant of a minor office in the Capitol at Columbus, I had seen him almost daily. I had marked, with increasing admiration and respect his re- markable self-poise during the great and bitter conflict over his election as President, and was, one of the great crowd which followed him to the railroad station on his way to Washington to be inaugurated as President, or to congratulate his competitor, if the Electoral Commission should decide in his favor, and heard the wonderfully eloquent and impressive speech he made from the end of the train before it moved out. But as secretary of the board of trustees of the University I was thrown into closer relations with him and he soon honored me with his friendship and confidence. He grew constantly in my estimation. There were no defects in his character, no weak- ness, no loss of that noble dignity, which "gives the world assur- ance of a man." At the same time he was gentle, simple in manner, approachable and kindly to every one. One of his asso- ciates on the University board described him as "unassuming in manners, polite, studious, scholarly, accomplished, and made all who knew him his friends." "His was no mountain peak of mind, Thrusting to thin air o'er our cloudy bars, — A sea-mark now, now lost in vapors bhnd; Broad prairie, rather, genial, level lined, Fruitful and friendly for all human kind, But also nigh to heaven and loved of loftiest stars." No great one in our history began life with higher ideals and maintained them more steadfastly through all the vicissitudes of a great career. Mr. Williams in his biography gives us this re- markable passage from his diary, written when he was only nineteen years old and had just entered the senior class at Kenyon College. JO DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. "I have never desired other than honorable distinction — The reputation that I desire is not that momentary eminence which is gained without merit and lost without regret. Give me the popularity which runs after, not that which is sought for. For honest merit to succeed amid the tricks and intrigues which are now so lamentably common, I know is difficult, but the honor of success is increased by the obstacles which are to be surmounted. Let me triumph as a man or not at all." Other extracts from his diaries show that he was actuated through life by the same high thoughts and noble purposes. After reading and reflecting upon them one does not wonder that he reached the summit of worldly station. There was nothing meteoric in his rise. His calm star climbed with steadfast purpose and steady radiance, until it reached its assured place in the galaxy of our great ones. The clouds of obloquy which for a time obscured it have passed away and it now shines with increasing luster. It is a source of unavailing regret that President Hayes died so soon. The party rancor which followed his election, was fast disappearing, his courageous efforts for a reform of the civil service and his wise Southern policy, which had so embittered his political associates, were being justified by their results, and the people were everywhere turning to him with increasing rever- ence and respect. A few more years of life would have enabled him to enjoy the triumph which, though often long delayed, surely comes to him who, with firmness for the right, fearlessly follows the high stern path of duty. Mr. President Wright and you, honorable trustees of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, for the Loyal Legion, and for the Ohio State University, (for which I have assumed to speak), I congratulate you and our friend Colonel Webb Hayes on the consummation of your labors, whereby this beautiful Spiegel Grove and the stately mansion where President Hayes lived and died, have been dedicated to the public, and have be- come the property of the state. I also congratulate you on the completion of the noble museum in which are stored the relics of our beloved President. I also congratulate Colonel Hayes DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 71 on his generous endowment, which assures that the whole shall be properly cared for forever. It needs no prophetic vision to foresee that year after year the people of Ohio and of the Nation will come in increasing numbers, as to a shrine, to pay their tribute of reverence and affection for "the simple great one gone" and his beloved wife, who sleep side by side under yonder monument. From this shrine will constantly go forth an inspiring influence which will help towards preserving our faith in our free institutions and our love for our dear country, which makes such a career as that of Presi- dent Hayes possible. Former Governor James E. Campbell spoke as follows : ADDRESS OF FORMER GOVERNOR CAMPBELL. My Fellow Citicens: It is with great pleasure that I render my tribute to this beautiful Memorial and to the great character whose memory it so fittingly pre- serves. I shall speak to-day briefly of Rutherford B. Hayes as Governor of Ohio. His administration was one full of glory and beneficence to the State. His faithful service left monu- ments to his statesmanship that will live as long as Ohio. They were deeds, not of military nor of political glory, but for the elevation of hu- manity. It was through his influence as Governor that the Geological Sur- vey was revived and placed in the sub- stantial position it now holds as one of the most useful branches of the State's service. To him can be credited the establishment of the Soldiers' Home. He enlarged the field of the State Board of Charities. This was a subject always dear to his heart, and after his term of office was ended he served many years as a member of that body. Governor Hayes always had the welfare of the State's un- 72 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. fortunate in view, and it was through his suggestion and influ- ence that increased provisions were made for the insane ; that the graded system was introduced into the penitentiary, and that many other prison reforms were instituted. Among the most important acts of this humanitarian states- man was the founding of the Reform School for Girls at Dela- ware. To him more than any one man in Ohio can be credited the promotion and success of the Agricultural and Mechanical College now the Ohio State University. He appointed the first Board of Trustees of this institution and in its initial stages he gave to it his wisest and best services. All his life, after he ceased to be Governor, he watched with solicitous interest the welfare of the University and no public duty was assumed with more en- thusiasm than his entrance into the Board of Trustees. He was always a student of history and a natural collector, as the Treasures of this Memorial Building will show. It was this instinct which prompted him to urge the purchase by the State of the valuable St. Clair Papers ; it was through his influ- ence that they were preserved in the State Library and subse- quently published. In these few words I have referred to General Hayes' record as Governor because others have given you his full length por- trait as a national figure. But the people of his native State have received froin his life the heritage of service that comes close to home to them. They can see the results of his life upon their lives daily. He has indelibly impressed upon the history of Ohio some of the most important acts and institutions of her existence. These imprints were deeds of humanity and are helping every day to uplift the humble and to comfort the unfortunate. ADDRESS OF BASIL MEEK. Basil Meek, representing the Sandusky County Bar associa- tion, and chairman of the local committee of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, offered the following tribute : Rutherford B. Hayes was, from 1845 to 1849, an active member of what has been known as the Pioneer Bar of Sandusky DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 73 County, SO called because existing prior to the adoption of the Ohio State Constitution of 185 1, and was associated in practice with the earlier men of that galaxy of able lawyers of this bar, among whom may be mentioned Dickinson, Otis, Bartlett, Greene, Watson, Pettibone, Everett, Haynes, Buckland, Click and Fine- frock. This Bar was composed of men prominent, not only in the legal profession, but also in public official stations filled by the members thereof. From its members were nine State Legis- lators, five members of Congress, six Judges of Courts, two Gov- ernors, one of Ohio, and the other of Kansas, two Generals in the Union Army and a President of the United States. Rutherford B. Hayes, after a thorough course at Kenyon College, from which he graduated with honor, commenced the study of law with Thomas Sparrow of Columbus, Ohio, and afterwards entered Harvard Law School and in 1845 completed the law course there, and having been admitted to the bar at Marietta March 10, 1845, commenced the practice of law in Lower Sandusky (Fremont), where in April, 1846, he formed a law partnership with Ralph P. Buckland, which continued until 1849, when Mr. Hayes located in Cincinnati, Ohio, where by his marked ability, he soon attracted attention, as a lawyer taking rank among the prominent members of the profession there, among whom were such men as Salmon P. Chase, Caleb B. Smith, Alphonso Taft, Bellamy Storer, George H. Pendleton and George E. Pugh. He was City Solicitor, an important legal position in a city like Cincinnati, from December, 1858, to April, 1861. The salary was $3500.00 per year. He was ambitious to excel in the profession, as we learn from himself for, in 1859 while in active practice in Cincinnati, in his Diary, which he habitually kept, he writes : "Let me awake to my old ambition to excel as a lawyer — as an advocate." And later he writes, "Without any extraordinary success, I have never- theless found what I have sought, a respectable place," thus modestly assuming that he had reached his desired goal. It was this ambition, which prompted his location in Cin- cinnati, — which city necessarily ofifered a wider arena for activity and experience in the practice, and consequent enlargement of his powers, than did Lower Sandusky in that day. 74 DEDICATION OF THE HAVES MEMORIAL. In the midst of his growing and successful practice in Cin- cinnati, the War for the Union broke out. He immediately re- sponded to his country's call and joined the army for the Union, which necessarily caused an abandonment of his practice and subsequent events in his public career made the abandonment permanent; and, though not having resumed the practice, since giving it up to enter the service of his country as a soldier, fol- lowed by his public official duties, as Congressman, Governor and President, he was, nevertheless ever a lover of the theory of the law in which he was profoundly versed, and would meet v/ith our Bar Association after his final return to Fremont and occasionally would be seen in the court room, when court would be in session, thereby manifesting a lingering fondness 'for the scene of his early forensic contests in the courts of Sandusky County; and when his early friend, college mate and army com- rade, Stanley Matthews, died at Cincinnati, in 1889, at his re- quest a meeting of this Bar was called to pay tribute to the memory of the deceased, who in 1845, was on the recommenda- tion of Mr. Hayes as chairman of the examining committee on Mr. Matthews' application for admission, admitted to The San- dusky County Bar, and who had always been regarded by this Bar as an honorary member. It is an interesting fact that after the lapse of a third of a century, from the admission to the Bar of Mr. Matthews on the recommendation of Mr. Hayes it was the pleasure of the latter, as president of the United States to nominate the former to the Senate of the United States for confirmation as a Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Harvard Law School, had among its faculty, while Mr. Hayes was a student there, those eminent professors, Joseph Story and Simon Greenleaf, whose names as authors of legal text books, are household words among lawyers. Their high ideals of the dignity of the legal profession and the principles which should govern lawyers in its practice, as expressed by them to their students, evidently appealed to him, and found in his own characteristic high sense of justice and right moral action, a ready response, for, in his Diary referred to, he makes frequent entries, quoting from their words — among which is the following from Greenleaf : "A lawyer is engaged in the high- X w X Pi DEDICATION OF THE HA^•ES MEMORIAL. 75 est of all human pursuits — the application of the soundest rea- son and purest morality to the ordinary affairs of life. He should have a clear head and a true heart". Mr. Hayes pos- sessed both of these essential qualifications, a clear head and a true heart in high degrees, and adhering in practice to the ideals held by his distinguished professors and believed in himself, he won the admiration and high esteem of his brethren of the bar, both of the County of Sandusky and City of Cincinnati and in- deed of the legal profession throughout the State and Nation. The Rev. E. M. O'Hare, Rector of St. Ann's church closed the program by delivering the following prayer : O Lord God of nations, bless our country and its people, so that by due respect for virtue and religion, by prompt obedi- ence to laws, by a proper regard for justice and mercy, they tend to the promotion of peace and national happiness ; that in- creasing in industry, sobriety, and useful knowledge they may secure to themselves blessing of equal liberty. O Almighty Lord from whom all authority is derived we humbly beseech Thee to bless our Chief Executive, the President of these United States and the officers associated with him, confirming them in the right understanding of their weighty office, as also in courage and prudence for the execution thereof, that they may secure us in honorable peace and plenty. Look down, O Lord, in kindly care, upon those, who, com- posing our Army and Navy, are engaged in upholding the honor and safety of their fellow citizens. Extend Thy benevolence to these old warriors who have so nobly defended their country and are now awaiting the last bugle call. We pray Thee to bless his Excellency, the Governor of this State and all State and Municipal officers, who assist him to guard our political welfare, that they may be able to discharge the duties of their respective offices with honesty and ability. A benediction upon the memory of the gentle President, v/hose remains rest in these historic grounds, as well as upon the noble Christian woman, his faithful spouse. Finally O God, may Thy benediction rest upon all here, and especially upon those who are preserving to future genera- tions the memorials of past achievments, as a heritage of honor, patriotism and virtue. Amen. 76 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. THE MEMORIAL BUILDING. The Memorial Building a beautiful structure of classic archi- tecture, stands among the great trees to the north of the Hayes Residence, facing the entrance from Hayes Avenue. It is of light grey Ohio sandstone, from the Amherst quarries, and of ample proportions. Broad steps, between bronze pedestals bearing orna- mental lights, lead up to the pillared portico and great bronze doors. Upon entering the building the first thing that catches m ■11 ■ ''^gJt/gd gmig^ H[ JBjkL^* ''^^^^^HBR|^^^^^^^^^^^Bd^H BfBiiff'i'l'^ -..; '^^^^^^H The Hayes Memorial Library and Museum of the Ohio State Archaeo- logical and Historical Society, in the Spiegel Grove State Park. the eye is the portrait of General Hayes painted by Carl Rake- mann, representing him at the age of 70; while the Huntington portrait painted for the White House, and copied by Rakemann, represents him at 60, and the Andrews portrait in the east library shows him at 40, in the uniform of a Brevet Major General of Volunteers. Thus standing in the center of the rotunda, one can see lifelike portraits of General Hayes at 40, 60 and 70 years of age. Over the portrait in the rotunda is the Hayes coat-of- DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. "]"] arms from his Scottish ancestors, a falcon lighting on a rock, which bears the inscription Recte. At the left of the portrait and coat-of-arms, clustered in groups of three, are the flags of the thirteen original Colonies, together with the State flags of Ver- mont, Kentucky and Ohio, sixteen in all. The center of each cluster is the flag of the United States, the stars of which show the growth of the nation. In the cluster between the flags of Delaware and Pennsylvania, the first of the Colonies to ratify the Constitution, is the national flag adopted in 1777, 13 stripes with 13 stars arranged in a circle. In the second cluster, between the Colonial flags of New Jersey and Georgia, the third and fourth States, is the flag adopted in 1795, of 15 stars and 15 stripes, two States having been admitted to the Union. In the third cluster between Connecticut and Massachusetts, the national flag has 13 stripes and 20 stars, five additional States having been admitted in the interim, Congress providing in 1818 that thereafter on the 4th of July, following the admission of a new State the national colors should consist of the original 13 stripes with a star for each State of the Union. The 8th and last cluster consists of the flags of Kentucky and Ohio, with the national emblem of 13 stripes and 48 stars, the Union as it is today. The three States whose flags have been added to the Colonial States are very appropriately Vermont, from which State Rutherford Hayes, the father, migrated to Ohio; Kentucky, the State from which James Webb, the father of Mrs. Hayes, migrated to Ohio, and Ohio the native State of the President and Mrs. Hayes. Over the main entrance are the royal standards of the countries which claimed possession of this territory prior to the War of the Revolution, the royal standard of Spain, 1492- 1670; the royal standard of France, 1670-1760; and the royal standard of Great Britain, 1760- 1796, Great Britain still retainiijg until 1796 the actual possession of the military post at Detroit and its sub-post on the Sandusky, at what is now known as Fort Stephen- son in the center of Fremont, notwithstanding the treaty of peace made in 1783 some thirteen years earlier. Over the door leading to the east library is the flag of the Governor of Ohio, General Hayes being the only Governor who was thrice elected ; while over the door which leads to the west 78 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. library is the flag of the President of the United States, General Hayes being the 19th President, from 1877-1881. In the center of the floor space is an interesting relic of the battleship Maine — her bronze hand-steering gear, covered with barnacles and colored by sea water, which makes a handsome receptacle for a stately fern. The rotunda is illuminated by frosted glass bulbs. In the Colonel Hayes digging the first shovelful! of earth for the Hayes Memorial Library and Museum in Spiegel Grove State Park, in 1912, in the presence of Prof. G. Frederick Wright, President, and W. C. Mills, Curator, of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, also Senator G, A. Dean, Charles Richard Williams, Biographer, and guests, at Spiegel Grove. windows opposite the main entrance are handsome colored transparencies of the State House at Columbus, the Gov- ernor's corner of the State House, with the statue called "Ohio's Jewels" full length bronze figures of Generals Grant, Sherman and Sheridan; Chief Justice Chase, Secretary of War Stanton, and Presidents Hayes and Garfield ; the north DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 79 and south fronts of the White House at Washington; the east and west fronts of the national capital; the inauguration ceremonies of President Hayes in 1877, and his retirement on the inauguration of President Garfield in 1881. Opposite the entrance stands one of the Hayes ancestral clocks, a real grandfather's clock, which was loaded into the family wagon when the parents of President Hayes prepared to leave West Dummerston, Ver- mont, for the forty-day journey to the new State of Ohio, in 1817. The clock was so long that the tail board of the wagon could not 6e put in place, so that temporarily the clock was left with relatives in Vermont. On one side of the clock is a beautiful rosewood folding secretary, purchased for Lincoln and used in the cabinet room of the White House during the succeeding ad- ministrations of Johnson, Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleve- land, Harrison, Cleveland and McKinley. It was sold with many other interesting articles when the White House was renovated in the early days of Roosevelt. This secretary and the office chair were used by Colonel Hayes when a lad, as his father's personal secretary, who purchased a chair to replace it when leaving Washington. Another chair is a revolving chair used by President Hayes when Governor of Ohio. The only chairs in the east and west libraries were the ones used by President Grant, President-elect Hayes, Chief Justice Waite and the Sergeant-at- Arms of the U. S. Senate, during the inauguration of President Hayes, on the east front of the Capitol, 5th' March, 1877. On entering the west library one sees the beautiful full length portraits of the President and Mrs. Hayes, painted for the White House by Daniel Huntington, and copied by permis- sion of President Wilson, by Carl Rakemann of Washington. The magnificent library of Americana of President Hayes, the largest owned by a private citizen at the time of his death in 1893, is stored in the east and west libraries in steel cases. In the four corners of the west library are shown on figures, the wedding dress, slippers, etc.-, of Lucy Ware Webb, when she was married to Rutherford Birchard Hayes, 30th December, 1852, at Cincinnati, Ohio. The three remaining cases contain dresses and wraps worn by her in the White House. The north windows contain portraits of Sardis Birchard, the uncle of Presi- So DEDICATION OF tHE HAYES MEMORIAL. dent Hayes, who built the residence at Spiegel Grove for him prior to the War for the Union, and portraits in uniform on either side of Brevet Major-General Rutherford B. Hayes and Brevet Major-General Ralph P. Buckland who were law part- ners at Lower Sandusky, now Fremont, from General Hayes's admission to the bar in 1845 until he removed to Cincinnati in 1849. The opposite window contains colored portraits of Ro- dolphus Dickinson, the first Congressman from this town, flanked on either side by portraits in uniform of Major-General Harrison and Commodore Perry, the heroes of 181 2. On the upper windows are transparencies of "Old Whitey," the only surviving war horse General Hayes brought home from the War for the Union ; and of Black Yauco, the fine coal-black war horse of Colonel Hayes which still survives, a veteran of the campaigns of Cuba, Porto Rico and the Philippines. This horse has since been ridden only by Colonel Hayes at the second inauguration and at the funeral obsequies of President McKinley in 1901 and by Midshipman Hayes at the inauguration of Presi- dent Taft in 1909. In both the east and west libraries are two large mahogany show cases for exhibition purposes, and in the middle of each room is a beautiful mahogany table from Belgium, secured by Colonel and Mrs. Hayes at Rotterdam in the early days of the great European War. In the west library, one of the large cases contains many of the personal pieces of wearing apparel worn by Mrs. Hayes at the White House, and others covering the period from her babyhood to her last public appearance at the Centennial of the inauguration of George Washington in New York in April, 1889. In the other case are the diplomas and commissions issued to President Hayes during the last fifty years of his life, beginning with his degree of B. A., at Kenyon College, in 1842; B. L. at Harvard Law School, in 1845, two commissions as City Solicitor of Cincinnati before the war ; his military commission as Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel, Brigadier General and Brevet Major-General U. S. Volunteers; two commissions as Representative in Congress from the Cin- cinnati District, three commissions of Governor of Ohio, and the certificate of his election as President of the United States from DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 8l 1877 to 1881. Also the honorary degree of LL.D., from Ken- yon, Harvard, Yale and Johns Hopkins. There are also the diplomas of Lucy Ware Webb from the Wesleyan Female Semi- nary of Cincinnati- in 1850, together with her valedictory ad- dress and the original manuscripts of several essays written by her before her graduation. In the east library are the full length portraits by Andrews of Mrs. Hayes and of General Hayes in the uniform of a Brevet Major-General. There is also a duplicate of the Belgium ma- hogany table and of the two large mahogany show cases, one of which contains a large collection of autograph letters of promin- ent statesmen, soldiers, authors, poets, editors and philanthrop- ists. This room like the other is lined with cases filled with li- brary of Americana. Of the four large corner cases, one con- tains on mounted forms the uniform coat worn by Lieutenant Colonel Hayes when so severely wounded at the Battle of South Mountain, in the Antietam campaign, September 14-18, 1862. The coat was cut from his body, and it was many months before he recovered from this, the most severe of his six wounds re- ceived in battle. Although thirteen presidents of the United States have been soldiers in war, none other save only James Monroe was wounded in battle, he having been slightly wounded at the Battle of Princeton in 1777. The general officer's coat and also the highly prized Brigadier General's shoulder straps, given him by his immediate commander, Major-General George Crook, the famous Indian fighter and hunter, at the close of the Shenandoah Valley campaign in 1864, are also in this case. One of the other corner cases contains the dress and uni- form worn by Fanny Hayes, aged ten, and Scott, aged seven, at a Martha Washington children's dress ball, given at the White House. The other cases contain uniforms worn at many in- avtgurations and funerals of presidents, during the National ad- ministrations from Hayes to Taft, inclusive. Immediately over the portraits is the regimental flag pre- sented by Mrs. Hayes to the 23rd Ohio on her husband's pro- motion out of the regiment, and returned to her when the regi- ment was mustered out in 1865. General Hayes' brigade head- 82 ' DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. quarters flag and division headquarters flag are enclosed in glass cases on either side of the portraits. The illuminated portraits on the windows in this room show the patriotic citizenship of Sandusky County, and the military heroes whose names are household words. Major George Crog- han, the gallant defender of Fort Stephenson, against the British and Indians, Aug. 2d, 1813, who was promoted and presented with a gold medal and each of his officers with a sword by the United States for gallantry in the defence of Fort Stephenson; Lieutenant Colonel John C. Fremont, the Pathfinder and explorer, after whom the town was named when changed from Lower Sandusky in 1849; ^"d the local representatives in each of the wars since the Declaration of Independence, viz. : Private James Webb, aged 18, father of Lucy Webb Hayes, who served here in Captain Garrard's company, Kentucky Mounted Riflemen, in the second war with Great Britain ; Captain Samuel Thompson, who was wounded at Lundy's Lane, Canada, in the War of 1812 and led a company from Sandusky County in the war with Mexico, 1846-48; Major General James B. McPherson, the officer highest in rank and command killed in battle during the War for the Union ; Sailor George B. Meek, the first American killed in the War with Spain, 1898-9. The last three are buried in this county. Two illuminated windows, high up, portray the Filipino pony "Piddig," ridden by Colonel Hayes at the relief of Vigan, Nor- thern Luzon, P. I., when he won his Congressional medal of honor; and his horse. Trooper, which he rode in the relief of Peking. The Museum on the lower floor of the Memorial Building is an exact counterpart of the main rotunda and library. The mu- seum rotunda contains a complete collection of specimens of bronze and brass field guns, captured in each of the wars in which the United States has been engaged, including the War for Inde- pendence. The first is a bronze cannon which contains the British coat-of-arms and King George's royal cipher, with the inscription engraved on it by direction of Gen. Benedict Arnold before his treachery : "Taken at the storm of the British lines, near Sara- toga, Oct. 7, 1777, by " with the name, Benedict Arnold DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 83 erased, as it was from all trophies by direction of the Continental Congress. A bronze coehorn mortar, with the British coat-of- arms and King George's royal cipher is the trophy captured dur- ing the second war with Great Britain, 1812. A small bronze cannon, inscribed "San Juan" was captured in the War with Mexico, 1846-48. This was one of the four bronze guns, the Four Apostles, presented by the king and queen of Spain to in , which were used after the conquest of Mexico. The other three guns, St. Matthew, St. Mark and St. Luke, are now on exhibition at West Point and the War Department in Washing- ton. The guns of the Apostles' Battery were used when Texas de- clared her independence from Mexico and were captured later during the war with Mexico. A brass, six-pound gun inscribed "Louisiana" was captured during the War for the Union, 1861-65. A single-barreled and a double-barreled bronze, swivel lantaka was taken by Magellan to the Philippine Islands after his dis- covery of the Straits of Magellan, and was taken from the Span- iards by the savage Moros of Mindanao, P. L The double-bar- reled gun was presented by Datto Piang of Reina Regenta, Mind- anao, on the visit of the first American troops under Colonel Hayes to that fort in the winter of 1899-1900. The last, and probably most interesting, is a bronze cannon with numerous Manchu hieroglyphics, one of three guns brought by Colonel Hayes to America, which had been used in firing on the legations and on the relief column, from Hata gate, leading into the Tartar City from the Chinese city of Peking, in 1900. The family barouche, purchased by President Hayes in March, 1877, and used as the President's carriage during the ad- ministration of President Hayes and the brief administration of President Garfield, was placed in the museum before the building was finished. It has been occupied by all the presidents from Grant to McKinley, by all of our leading generals, Grant, Sher- man, Sheridan, Hancock, Schoefield, Miles and Crook, while guests of President Hayes. A recess case contains the Hayes family cradle, the Wheeler & Wilson sewing machine and the old lapboard, which were much used by Lucy Webb Hayes dur- ing the war for the Union in preparing the necessary clothes for her four small boys during the winters which were spent with 84 DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. them in the camp of her husband in western Virginia. There is also a miniature three-story doll house, which was on exhibition at a fair in Baltimore, and then presented to Fanny Hayes, aged ten, and used by her at the White House. The east and west museums are duplicates in size of the east and west libraries. The east museum is reserved for General Hayes' war relics and war photographs and numerous curios collected on his trips while President. His complete horse equip- ment, saddle, bridle, pistol holster, mess chest, with dishes of iron and heavy stoneware, and bedding roll, with numerous other per- sonal effects used in the war are placed in one of the two large Japanese show cases used for the Japanese exhibit at the Cen- tennial exposition in 1876. Two other show cases contain a fairly large collection of guns, pikes, swords, flags, and other articles captured in the early months of the War for the Union. Other cases contain samples of equipment carried by members of his favorite regiments, and others a collection of war time photo- graphs, etc., including a collection of political badges dating back to the Harrison campaign of 1840, with many valuable souvenirs of Lincoln's campaign. The west museum contains a large collection of hunting and Indian and war relics made by Colonel \\'ebb C. Hayes who, for thirteen years prior to the death in 1890 of his godfather, Major-General George Crook, the most famous hunter and Indian fighter of the United States Army, went on long hunting trips with him in the wilds of the Rocky Mountains. There is also a very large collection of war curios made while serving as Major 1st Ohio Cavalry, through the campaign of Santiago de Cuba, and for the invasion of Porto Rico, in the War with Spain ; and while serving as Lieutenant Colonel of the 31st U. S. Infantry during the insurrection in the Philippines, extending from General Young's DEDICATION OF THE HAYES MEMORIAL. 85 campaign in northern Luzon, where Colonel Hayes won the much coveted Congressional Medal of Honor for distin- guished gallantry in the relief of Vigan, 4th December, 1899, down to the campaign against the Moros of Mindanao where his regiment was the first American garrison of that island, with headquarters at Zamboanga, from 1899 to 1901. There is also a very large collection made during the Boxer insurrection in China, where he served on Major General Chaffee's staff in the China Relief Expedition of 1900. Subsequent campaigns which he at- tended as an observer are represented by interesting collections made during the Russian-Japanese war, when he served with General Koroki's Japanese army on the march through Korea to the Yalu river, and later with the Russian army in the vicinity of Mukden, and during the present great European war in France, Belgium and Germany, during the first months of hos- tilities, where he secured at Louvain within a fortnight after the destruction of the famous library, three porcelain cups, the only articles saved from that famous library. The twenty-two windows of the museum have had placed in them illuminated portraits of the landing of Columbus on the discovery of America in 1492 ; a portrait of Amerigo Vespucci, after whom the western continent was named ; and then five portraits each of famous characters of the Indians, the Span- iards, the French and the British who had to do with this part of Ohio, prior to the formation of the American Commonwealth after the Declaration of Independence. It is the intention to place on the upper sash of each of these twenty-two windows, portraits of the famous Americans who had to do with military campaigns in this vicinity or were native to it, in the campaigns of the Revolutionary War, the War of 181 2, the War with Mex- ico, the War for the Union, the War with Spain, and the in- surrection in the Philippines and the China Relief expedition of 1900. The large American flag which floats over the Memorial Building was presented by the Col. George Croghan Chapter, D. A. R., on Flag Day, June 14, 1915.