^/^/ // ^ .■^ i i^ \t^ j:/ /, / / / ^6-^-2^ ^^/ '/^ / ^ ^ y^ y- / X / <^< ._^. // M'^y^ / / ANNEX LIBRARY c 018088 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM Mr . and Mr s . YJin . S' . 3 . G-ur ley Cornell University Library HS745 .R31 Complete history of the epoch making XXX 3 1924 030 348 621 olin.anx Overs \^\ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030348621 COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE EPOCH MAKING XXXI TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE OF THE Grand Encampment Knights Templar of the united states WITH A CONCISE HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM FROM ITS INCEPTION BY ANDREW J. REDMOND, LL. B. OFFICIAL HISTORIAN OF THE XXXI CONCLAVE 1910 3- COPYRIGHTED, 1910, BY ANDREW J. REDMOND. WILLIAM BROMWELL MELISH, GRAND MASTER GRAND ENCAMPMENT K/. T.- A kttuglit tifpr utaH mh ttjat a martlju matt, Stjat fro tlyp tgtttf ttjat iff first btgatt Eo xxhtxi out, \)t lavth rtjtualrtp. Sroutljc attJi I^ottour. frp&om atti rurtptaif. Attb tljougli lljat I^p xam mortlig. I)p uiaH mga. Att& of I)t0 port aa ttttpkf aa ia a tttagJjp. ^e ttpttprp gft tto ntlrgttgp m aagit 3ltt al Ifta Igf utt-to tto matter ititglft i^t uiaa a itprrag parfit, grttttl fettggljt. . . l}t uiaa latf groittf frottt I|tB iiiagf. Att& tuptttf for to ioott I^ia pilgrytttagp, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, Prologue, II. 43-78. PREFACE The best way, — in these modern times, — to commemorate a great event, is by means of those greatest and most typically modern forces, the printing press and paper. This volume is intended to be a souvenir and memorial of the Thirty-First Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment Knights Templar of the United States, held in Chicago August S-13, 1910. It is conceived on broad lines, as befits a book that shall be a monu- ment to set forth the meaning and the greatness, and to keep bright the memory of the greatest of Knight Templary's conventions hitherto held in the United States, and to pay fitting tribute to the great city, whose chivalrous hospitality, fine energy, and wellnigh unlimited resources made this convention possible. For the building of such a monument, great, purposeful and enduring, there can be no better model than those grand and mysterious memorials of the Pharaohs, in whose shadow the old Knights Templar fought, the Pyramids of ancient Egypt. Rising from a broad base they set their high point in clear relief against the sunlit sky. Substituting only, for their stone and mortar, the modern materials of human thought, crystallized in print, that is what this book shall try to do. Its chief aim is to tell fully and clearly by word and picture the story of the great Conclave week at Chicago. Whatever worthy of note was said, done or enacted there has been carefully collected and set down in order on its pages, so that anyone who in time to come may have occasion to refer to anything that took place there, may find it here. How Chicago and its Sir Knights and the Sir Knights of all Illinois prepared for the Conclave, how that wonderful decorative Templar City which greeted the eye of the visiting hosts was brought into being, how the warm reception and fine entertainment of the greatest Templar gather- ing ever assembled was made possible, this is duly and fully set forth in Chapters VIII and IX. On account of the untimely decease of our late lamented M. E. Grand Master, the Rev. Sir Henry Warren Rugg, and the extraordinary number of Past Grand Masters and other prominent members taken by death from the ranks of the Grand Encampment in the triennial period preced- ing the Conclave of 19 10, an obituary chapter (No. X) is dedicated to these honored Templar dead. 12 PREFACE The religious side of the Order, whereby it seeks to be a helpful assist- ant to the churchly and reUgious bodies of this great Christian country, as it is a helpful appendant to Masonry, received due prominence at this Conclave. The fervent and uplifting words there spoken, the significant ceremonial there performed, the solemn, elevating music, by which all this was bound and woven together into a glorious, harmonious whole, are given reverent attention in Chapter XL The sessional business of the Grand Encampment, the eloquent and highminded sentences there uttered by those who march at the head of the Order, the wise decisions and high resolves there made, are fully recorded in Chapters XVI and XVII. Chapters XII, XIII and XIV are devoted to the parade and compet- itive drill, wherein the Order with magnificent splendor displayed to the public not only its great numbers and wellnigh perfect organization, but, above all, that wholesome disciplinary training which it has kept as the best part of the militarism of the old Crusading Order. The social side of the Conclave, its receptions, banquets, excursions, etc., in short, all those features, wherein the Order's views and aims in life, its position in the society of the country and the world, the effects and results of its teaching and training appear before the public eye, has not been neglected, as Chapter XV will show. That charming feature of modern Templarism, wherein it differs most from its mediaeval ancestor, the Ladies' Auxiliary, which lends its soft brightness, with enlightening and civilizing effect, to all modern Templar gatherings, was not forgotten at this Conclave, and will not be forgotten at the proper places in this book. And last, but not least, those eminent visitors from foreign shores, who by their presence graced this gathering, and showed the Grand En- campment of the United States to be in amity and concord with those of other countries, a world power as well as a national power, are given the mention which their names, their efforts and their achievements deserve. Thus, to give full and detailed information on all the noteworthy sides and features of the Thirty-First Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encamp- ment Knights Templar of the United States, and to show its meaning as the clear and powerful demonstration of the greatest height yet reached by Freemasonry and Knight Templardom, — this is the chief aim and purpose of this publication. But in order properly to accomplish this task it is necessary to do more than just to set this high point on flat ground. To bring it clearly into PREFACE 13 view in its right place and meaning, as the apex and pinnacle of much noble effort and long continued, self-sacrificing labor in the past, it must be lifted skj^vard from a broad, historic base, as those grand masters of the mysterious country on the Nile reared heavenward the point of their fame's memorials. For the sake, therefore, of such Sir Knights, whose knowledge and means of information on the history of our glorious Order are limited, as well as for the sake of the interested public, this volume leads up to the great events of the Chicago convention of 1910 by a concise, yet full his- tory of the Order. That noble, knightly society of Crusading times, from which, — whether by actual succession or no, — we have adopted and adapted to our needs what was best and finest in it, is described in Chapter I. The origin of the connection of Modern Knight Templary with Free- masonry, both abroad and in this country, is inquired into, and all obtain- able information on this point is gathered up in Chapter II. The following Chapters III-VII are then designed to trace the history of the Order in this country, its growth and development from small beginnings through the noble efforts of Thomas Smith Webb and DeWitt Clinton to the Revision of 1856, and its path upward from that memorable Conclave, a path emblazoned by such names as William E. Reese, William Blackstone Hubbard, and Benjamin Brown French, to the great assembly and wonderful spectacle, whereby at Chicago in 1910 public demonstra- tion was given to the members of the Fraternity and to the world at large of the towering height which it has reached at the present day. If this book serves in some measure to spread the correct knowledge of Templarv, especially ^Masonic Templary and its glorious history both within the Order and without, and helps to exhibit the splendid heights to which Masonic Templary has risen and to show how acti\'e and helpful a great force it has become among the progressive forces of our country and the world, this will be sufficient answer to our hopes and wishes for its success. Signed: Andrew J. Redmond. THE KNIGHTS OF OLD HISTORY OF Templarism and XXXI Triennial Conclave CHAPTER I THE OLD KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE HOLY LAND HE Temple of Solomon at Jerusalem, the first permanent dwelling of the greatest religion the world has ever seen, and the spiritual King who found the crown of glory upon the cross, the greatest figure of all religion in the world, — these are the emblems wherewith Masonry and Knight Templary have ever been most intimately connected. And this is the soil in which the old, original Order of Knights Templar grew and lived. It was in the year of grace 1119. The great movement, known as the Crusades, had laid hold of Europe. Under the badge of the cross great hosts of the best men of Europe had gone forth to recover the Holy Land from the power of the infidel. For over 400 years that sacred ground, the cradle of Christianity, had been permitted to remain in the power of the Mohammedan Arabs, who had taken it from the weakening Byzan- tine Empire at first assault in 637. This alone was felt to be wrong and shameful. Then in 1076 the humane government of the Arabs at Jerusalem was replaced by the lawless oppression of barbarian conquerors, the Seldjuk Turks. The many men, who in those times knew no higher aim and desire in life than devoutly to visit the land of the Christ, had now to suffer not only the hardships of the travel of those times, not only the exaction of a legal toll by the infidel masters of the holy places, but wanton insult, unHmited extortion, robbery and massacre. And when in 1096 these misdeeds were crowned by the massacre of an ill-armed, unorgan- ized band of 7,000 pilgrims on the march to Jerusalem, — whose bones were left to bleach, unburied, in a great heap by the wayside, — the indignation i6 KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE HOLY LAND of Christian Europe rose to fever heat. A great, organized army set out, and after three years of weary marches, untold hardships, long sieges, and fierce battles, the Holy Land was reached, Jerusalem was taken, and a Christian King was once more proclaimed in the Holy City. In the midst of this the greatest movement of their day, out of the noblest aim and purpose of their times, the Order of Knights Templar of old was born. In the year of our Lord 1119, — when Jerusalem was, indeed, by the THE DOME OF THE ROCK ON THE SITE OF SOLOMON'S TEMPLE help of their efforts, in Christian hands, but the desolate mountain country round about was still infested by merciless robber bands, who made it their business to plunder, torture, and murder defenseless Christian pil- grims, — in those times and under such conditions a little company of men banded themselves together and made it the chief work of their lives to protect poor Christian pilgrims on their perilous way to the Holy City and the Holy Sepulchre. Their names are worthy of a place in every Tem- plar home: — Hugh of Payens, Godfrey of St. Omer, Roral, Godfrey Bisol, Payens of Montdidier, Archibald of St. Amand, Andrew of Montbarry, ORIGIN OF THE ORDER 17 Gundemar, and Hugh of Champagne. The first Grand Master was Hugh of Payens. In recognition of their noble aim and unselfish devotion they were given quarters in the palace of King Baldwin II, which had been a mosque and was built on the spot, where once the Temple of Solomon had stood. The building is now restored to its use as a mosque, best known under the name of Mosque of Omar, more correctly "Dome of the Rock," and with St. Sophia's in Constantinople is one of the finest buildings in Mohamme- dan lands. From it the devoted little band received the name Knights Templar, or more fully "Poor Fellow-soldiers of Christ and the Solomonic Temple." The necessity, the usefulness and the fine qualities of such an organ- ization soon came to be more widely recognized. St. Bernard of Clair- vaux gave them much of his time and thought. At his instance the Synod of Troyes, 11 28, conferred upon them churchly sanction and standing. A body of rules was prepared to strengthen the organization. A few examples will show the spirit of these laws: Each tenth bread was to be given to the poor; masters were strictly forbidden to strike a servant; the dress was to be a white mantle, symbol of purity; to this was added later the red cross in token of readiness for bloody martyrdom. The prestige thus gained caused the Order to grow and expand rap- idly. It grew in numbers. From his travels, especially in France, Eng- land and Spain, undertaken after the Synod of Troyes, Grand Master Hugh of Payens returned to Jerusalem in 11 29 with more than 300 men of the best families seeking admission. Among these was the famous English Count, Fulk of Anjou, who in 1131 became King of Jerusalem. Soon it was unnecessary to seek new members. Thousands of the best and bravest men of Europe flocked to the Templar banners and begged for admission. There never was a lack of good men and true to fill the ranks often sadly reduced by the far-famed, death-defying Templar brav- ery in many a wild skirmish and terrific battle. A king (Philip IV, of whom more anon) and his nephew were refused admission. The Order grew enormously in wealth and possessions. Gifts and grants were showered upon it by kings and potentates all over Europe. Rich lands, great castles, splendid palaces, great fleets, strong forts, not only in Palestine and the Orient, but all over the world became Templar property. Cressing, Witham, Cowley near Oxford, Warwick, Temple Hurst, Dunwich, Maltby, are but a few names in England. One historian early in the thirteenth century reckons their manors at 7,050, another at KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE HOLY LAND 9,000. They were exempt from taxation and enjoyed many other privileges. It is not surprising that Jacques de Molai, the last Grand Master, came to France in 1306 with 150,000 gold florins and ten horse loads of silver. The internal organization was expanded. The members were divided into three classes. There were, first, the Knights. Second, the chaplains, for the right to conduct church services, to hear confession, in short, to GROWTH OF THE ORDER 19 maintain a clergy of its own had been given to the Order. The third class were the rank and file, the operatives or workingmen; these were again divided into a military, weapon-bearing, — and an artisan section. Mar- ried men were admitted as affiliated members. Subdivisions, command- cries were organized and Commanders or Preceptors, ranking under the Grand Master, were appointed over them in twelve or more provinces and kingdoms of Europe and Asia: Jerusalem, Acre, Tripoli, Antioch, Cyprus, France, England, Poitou, Aragon, Portugal, Apulia, Hungary, etc. The Order recognized two governing bodies, — the first, an assembly for ordinary business, to which only the more advanced and prominent members were summoned; the second, one for extraordinary affairs, JERUSALEM, MT. ZION IN THE FOREGROUND acceptance of land or money grants or reception of new members, at which every one might attend. At the election of a Grand Master all Com- manders were expected to be present. All chapter business was trans- acted in private, — in secret, if you will. And in proportion to all this, the aims and purposes, the position of the Order in the world of affairs was enlarged. It had begun with a purely defensive object, to defend and protect from all evil and harm the good pilgrims who were seeking the best men knew in those days, the sight of the Holy Land. Never was this mission forgotten. They made it a point of honor safely to conduct Henry of Saxony from their own quarters on Mt. Zion to the Jordan and back. And when in 1187 the Holy City again fell into the hands of the countless infidel legions, they were proud 20 KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE HOLY LAND to act as a protective guard to the poor and defenseless among their Chris- tian brethren, whom Templar moneys had redeemed from captivity and slavery, on the retreat to Tripoli. But with the growth of means and power they could not remain content with defensive work alone. They began to act, to attack that which was then thought the greatest evil, the unbelieving paynim. They began to fight, to fight with the foremost and most active, in order to have and to hold the highest and best possession to their eyes, the Holy Land. So prominent a position did they come to JAFFA FROM THE SEA occupy in this best and greatest efi^ort of their time, that historians, Masonic and non-Masonic, unite in the statement that for a century and a half "the history of the Templars is the history of the Crusades." Throughout their existence the part played in history by the Tem- plars is a splendid one. The pages of their record are covered with deeds of efficient service, of undaunted bravery, of self-sacrificing devotion to the great cause which they made their own. On a disastrous retreat in Asia Minor, harassed on all sides by a powerful enemy, their troops alone, of the whole Crusading army, kept up discipline and prevented the anni- RECORD OF THE EARLY ORDER 21 hilation of the whole force. So marked was their success, that Louis VII reorganized his entire army after the model of the Templar Knights. Many a poor captive and not a few kings and princes were ransomed by their treasures. Their coffers and their purses were ever opened without stint for the relief of the distressed, of high or low degree. Their share was large in the great victories: that at Ascalon over Saladin in 1177; in the capture of Damiette in 1218, where they were as ever "iirst to attack and last to retreat." Few Knights and fewer Grand Masters came alive out of defeat. Of 300 Knights, who entered the battle of Gaza on St. Luke's Day (October i8th), 1244, only 18 survived. When the Templar fortress of THE OLD TEMPLAR FORTRESS AT KERAK, IN SYRIA Safed in Galilee was forced to surrender in June, 1266, its whole garrison of 600 Knights preferred death to apostasy. At the disastrous battle of Paneas (1179) Grand Master Odo de St. Amand was sorely wounded and taken captive never to return. In the great battle of Acre, October 4th, 1 189, Grand Master Girard de Bideford or Riderfort chose to die with his brethren, rather than to save himself, as he might have done. At Gaza in 1244 Grand Master Herrmann de Perigord was one of the 282 devoted Templars who preferred death on the battlefield to defeat. And so these strong old Templars fought, maintaining to the end their standard, that a Templar Knight might not give way except before more than three enemies. But there were always more than three enemies to each "Poor Fellow-soldier of Christ and the Temple." In never- 22 KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE HOLY LAND ending billows, like the untiring, inexhaustible ocean, Asia kept sending its hordes, Arabs, Kharizmians, Mongols, Turks, against them. And Europe's interest in the struggle was waning. Support from home failed. Fight as grimly as they might, — and they fought as though each man was seeking a grave right behind the brother who had just fallen before him, — inch by inch they had to give way. Safed was lost 1266, Beaufort and Antioch 1268, Trip- oh 1290. Only Acre remained. And on May 16, 1291, William de Beaujeu, the last Grand Master to hold sway over any territory in Palestine, lost his life together with the last foot of holy soil owned by his Order. The sad little band of Templars, who survived, elected a new Grand Master, — forced their way to the seashore and sailed for Cyprus, which now, for the few years remaining to it, became the headquarters of the Order. Thus was the most brilliant offspring of Mediaeval Europe forced back into the mansions of his mother. But the holy fervor, the noble thought and unselfish aims, which had fathered this finest of sons, was dead and long vanished from out of this mother's halls. And the mother, debased and degraded, murdered the returning child, once her favorite. The dark- est days of the Dark Ages had come. Fearsome superstition had taken the place of religious fervor. Righteous, youthful indignation at the infidel who was defiling the Christian's Holy Land had been replaced by sus- picious hatred and persecution of supposed witches and heretics. Instead of battle in the open field against that which they honestly thought the greatest evil, men now employed the methods of the Inquisition, one ■of the lowest, most satanic institutions to which mankind has ever stooped. On a mere breath of suspicion, on an anonymous, written accusation, men, women, even children, might be haled before this dread, irresponsible court. Torture, more fiendish than barbarous Indian ever invented, torture to the point of death, — torture, which, if it left its victims alive, OLD castle; MT. HERMON. PALESTINE END OF THE EARLY ORDER 23 made lifelong, helpless, pain-racked cripples of them, — these were consid- ered legitimate means of securing evidence or confession. Burning at the stake was a merciful mode of death. Into this world the guileless Templar soldiers, with the Crusading spirit still strong in their hearts, returned. In this world there reigned a king, who was of it, one of its most debased and deceitful representatives, and a pope, who was this king's creature. Philip IV of France was the king; Clement V was the pope. The king cast greedy eyes upon the Tem- plar wealth and possessions. The pope asked Grand Master Jacques de Molai to come to France and make Paris his headquarters, under pretense that he wished to consult with the Templars on the recovery of the Holy Land. Readily, unsuspectingly, Jacques de Molai came, — came and brought his Order's wealth in money and noblemen with him. The weak pope received him with open arms; the treacherous king, with smiling lips and words of praise for the splendid organization, which only a few days previous had saved him from the violence of a Paris mob, infuriated by extortionate taxa- tion. But well did the false king know that the dread vultures of foul suspicion and base slander with which the air of his time and country were filled, were al- ready hovering over this splendid, wounded body returning wearily homeward, and were greedily wait- ing to fasten their rending talons in its warm flesh. Indeed, his hired jackals were already calhng and his decoys were eagerly point- ing the way. The sequel was one of the most heartrending trage- dies of those darkest days of mediaeval Europe. What need to enter into the horrifying details! On the accu- sations of a few traitors and a few wretches, such as one could pick up for the purpose on any street cor- ner in those times, the fine old Grand Master, Jacques de Molai, and all the Knights Templar in French territory were arrested and thrown w3 J^ ANCIENT AQUEDUCT AT ACCO (ACRE) 24 KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE HOLY LAND into prison October 13, 1307. The arrest was made at night, as was that of Jesus at Gethsemane. The charges were all those foul and fancied crimes which the Inquisition knew so well how to invent, when facts were lacking. There never was a trial before any fair, responsible court. Some "confessions" were forced by leading questions under tor- ture; and what sort of torture this was is shown by the fact that in Paris alone thirty-six Templars died under it. In England, where the treatment was fairest, practically no confession was secured. That individuals had committed faults, even grave ones, and had fallen into error; that the organization itself was not perfect, need scarcely be said. But all the great and fair historians are agreed that the honor of the Order in its official capacity remained pure and unsullied, as the white of its mantles. The Council of Vienne, although summoned for this purpose, refused to find them guilty. All over the Christian world councils and commis- sioners declared the accusations groundless, the accused innocent. And yet the hands of Christians brought to those Templars whom the Saracen sword had spared, that death by bloody martyrdom, to which the red cross on their breast declared them to be devoted. Fifty-eight Templars were burnt by order of the Bishop of Sens within a few days. At Paris over 100 suffered a like fate. And on March 11, 1314, against the will of the pope, by command of the king. Grand Master Jacques de Molai and three companions were burned at the stake "in the little island" of the River Seine, "between the Augustinian and the royal gardens." He died like a true Knight fighting the evil before him openly and bravely to the last; the evil of fear in his own heart and of slander against his Order by the steadfast declaration of his own and his Order's innocence; the evil of injustice by commending his cause to the God who judges all. Egged on and bullied by the king, the pope declared the Order abol- ished, "not by way of definite sentence * * * noj- i^y (j^e process of law, but by way of provision and apostolic ordinance." Kings, prince- lings and ecclesiastics fell upon the possessions and treasures, now become ownerless. What members of the Order remained, dispersed and entered other orders or took up the occupations of private life. And so the grand old Order, the choice flower of its own time and age, stepped off the stage of history into the presence of the God and of the Master, the Christ, whom they had served, only to rise again in renewed and refined form in this glorious age of ours. CHAPTER II KNIGHT TEMPLARDOM AND FREEMASONRY ROM 13 14 to 1910 is a long time. From the 1 - iA ^ armor-clad warrior of the Crusades to the I ^& Mason and Knight Templar of this age of L^^ jI^K science and business and industry seems a 11 1 ■glnUim long way. What material is there to iill up I bTOw^^'I this space? What connection has the modern I ^SK^wlm^'- Knight Templar with his mediaeval brother M ^MiP'^Bn' ■^ho bears the same name, but appears so different? The state of our knowledge in regard to these points cannot be better illustrated than by a series of quotations from eminent authorities and writers on the history of Masonry in general, and of Knight Templardom in particular. That ruggedly honest old Knight, Lieut. -Col. W. J. B. MacLeod Moore, "the Father of Templar Masonry in Canada," shortly before his death, September i, 1890, wrote as follows : "True modern Templary is a Christian society of the most orthodox kind, in no way forming a part of the universal system of speculative Freemasonry. Although it does not claim a direct descent from the ancient Order after its suppression and dispersion in the fourteenth century, still a continuous connection exists, and the perpetuation of its doctrinal principles and usages is accounted for and traced from many of the dispersed members retiring into secular life throughout Europe, taking refuge in the monasteries and the con- temporary Order of 'St. John of Jerusalem,' afterwards known as Knights of Malta;" and again: "The old orders of chivalry could never have had any connection with Freemasonry, except in the imagination of the last century Masons." On the dispersion of the old Order "some of them {i. e., the Knights) preferred to remain and live in monasteries. Many married, and, retiring into private life, dispersed over Europe, in most instances retaining the symbolic religious training of their old Order, which they made no secret of, thus proving the falsehood of the accusa- tions made against them, and assisting to preserve and perpetuate the pre- cepts and principles of the Order to the present time." This is also asserted by Froude, the English historian. "Many conflicting opinions and 26 KNIGHT TEMPLARISM AND FREEMASONRY surmises have been advanced as to how, why, and when the Templar system was introduced into Freemasonry. The origin of all Masonic degrees is not always easy to ascertain, the Fraternity being averse to publicity, handing down to posterity their peculiar secrets viva voce, with the same caution that the philosophers of old displayed in perpetuating their symbols and mysteries, and the ancient Templars, like the Jesuits, never communicated their proceedings to strangers. Some of them, in their secret conclaves, were even concealed from the greater part of their own members. It is therefore not unlikely that small organizations were kept up in many places, and the hope cherished that it would be possible to revive the Order. A great and extensive organization could not wholly have lost its vitality and died out without a struggle; but it is equally unreasonable to believe that the fragments entered into any association of workingmen, such as that of the corporation of builders or Freemasons, who could not have been expected to devote themselves to the restora- tion of the old military Templar Order, in direct opposition to the ban of the church; even personal safety would not have been secured to the Knights, and there is no proof that they ever joined the German building sodalities to restore the Order. * * * It is difficult to understand how Freemasonry and the Order of the Temple could ever have become amalgamated. Symbolic Masonry is of its very existence, cosmopolitan; Templary sprang from an origin chivalric and knightly. The trowel of the one leveled distinctions and spread the cement of universal fraternity; the sword and spurs of the other could only be obtained and worn by men of noble birth, or those famed for heroic deeds in defense of the Christian faith." * * * "There is not the shghest foundation for the fable that members of the dispersed Templars, after the political suppression in 13 14, became Freemasons; it is but one of the fabrications of modern Masonic tradition, to account for the amalgamation of Templary with Masonry, totally opposed to historic facts, for it is not even probable that the proud and haughty nobles of that age, from which class the Tem- plar Order was selected, would engraft themselves upon a society of mere mechanics, when all the great military orders in Europe were open to them, and only too glad to receive into their ranks so renowned a military body as the chivalry of the Templars." * * * "The claims of France rest upon a charter given to Larmenius by De Molai, which has been proved a forgery." Right Reverend Sir Knight Wm. Stevens Perry, Bishop of Iowa, says: "The theory that the Order of Knights Templar on their dis- MASONIC HISTORIANS 27 persion and suppression by the united power of church and state, took refuge in the Masonic body, is pronounced by high authority as without 'the sHghtest historic foundation.' We do not question this statement as it stands. History fails to record much that actually occurs; much that subsequent ages would gladly know. We see no reason, however, for the assertion, so often made of late years, that any connection between a chivalric order, such as the Knights Templar, and a fraternity of opera- tive Masons, such as certainly existed in mediaeval times, is out of the range of possibility. The antiquity and the general prevalence of asso- ciations or guilds for the practice of operative Masonry is undoubted. That these bodies of workmen were known to the Knights Templar and employed by them cannot be questioned. The erection of their strongholds in the Holy Land, the building of their preceptories, priories, and round churches all over Europe, the evident importance and value of skilled mechanics in all the operations of the Order, whether offensive or defen- sive, afford evident proofs of interdependence between the one and the other. What could then be more natural than that the Knights Templar, proscribed, persecuted, despoiled of all things, should, in their attachment to their old usages and organization, seek their perpetuation among the affiliated bodies with which they had already a certain connection, and of whose universality and antiquity they had abundant evidence, arising from their business relations?" In Mackey we read: "The manufacturers of Masonic legends have found in the death of De Molai and the dissolution of the Order of Tem- plars a fertile source from which to draw materials for their fanciful theories and surreptitious documents. Among these legends there was, for instance, one which maintained that during his captivity in the bas- tile the Grand Master of the Templars established four Chiefs of the Order in the north, the south, the east and the west of Europe, whose seats of government were respectively at Stockholm, Naples, Paris and Edinburgh. Another invention of these Masonic speculators was the for- gery of that document so well known as the Charter of Larmenius." The English Masonic historian, Hughan, writes: "The Masonic Knights Templar of the eighteenth century and since have no connection with the earlier body and never had. The origin of Masonic Templary is unknown." A nameless writer maintains: "That the Order of the Temple was not annihilated, either by the bull of Clement V, the despotism of Philip IV or the treachery and meanness of Edward II, was due to 28 KNIGHT TEMPLARISM AND FREEMASONRY the action of De Molai himself, who, in anticipation of his fate, in 13 13, appointed John Mark Larmenius as his successor in office. There has been a regular uninterrupted line of Grand Masters to the present day, although since the death of Sir Wilham Sidney Smith, in Paris in 1840, there has been a Grand Master in each country in which the Order has maintained a Masonic organization." Another writer has it, that "from tradition, after the death of De Molai, * * * the Templars were divided into four parties: Those who accepted Peter D'Aumont as the successor of De Molai; those who asserted that John Mark Lar- menius was his successor; the Templars in Portugal and Italy — known since as Knights of the Order of Christ; the Templars who refused to accept either D'Aumont or Larmenius. This fourth class are supposed to have been the direct authors of modern Templarism." * * * They "may be divided into two classes — the Scotch and the English. The Scotch Templars may be subdivided into two subclasses, those who fought with Robert Bruce and those who entered the Order of Knights Hospi- talers. * * * "It is practically directly to the English Templars that the Encampments of England and the United States owe their origin. The Order of Knights Templar had large possessions in Bristol, and such power, that they were able to maintain their integrity in spite of the gen- eral dissolution of their Order. The three original Encampments of Eng- land were Bristol, Bath and York. The latter two having expired, Bristol held the only original charter." And there you are. The one thing which must be perfectly clear to the most cursory reader of these extracts, is that these honest, closely searching, well-informed authorities have agreed to disagree. This means, as we have found for ourselves in such researches as it was possible to make for the writing of this book, that the evidence as found up to the present time is not sufficient at all points to establish positive and absolutely cer- tain knowledge, but leaves room for a diversity of opinion. It is our earnest hope that at some time not too far in the future some one, whether it be we or another, may conduct this extremely interesting search into the connection of mediaeval with modern times some steps nearer to clearness and certainty; for we believe that the roots which connect us with the past, those roots which gave us being and still serve to conduct much nourishment and life-blood to us, should not be cut off, but cared for and fostered with dihgent reverence, even though we know that we are not the roots, but the tree with a mission to bear fruit of its own. In the meantime we give to our readers such results as we have been KNOWN FACTS 29 able to reach on the basis of the evidence at hand. Though for absolutely positive knowledge on all points it does not suffice, yet it does establish, beyond reasonable doubt, a certain amount of negative information. In the first place it should be stated with perfect frankness, and it deserves to become a matter of common knowledge to the public as well 30 KNIGHT TEMPLARISM AND FREEMASONRY as to the Praters and Sir Knights of the Order, that the so-called charter of John Mark Larmenius is a forgery. Sir William Sidney Sinith and others of the grand old Sir Knights of the eighteenth and early nine- teenth centuries, no doubt, believed in all simple truthfulness and sincerity, that they could by means of this charter trace their descent in unbroken succession to Jacques de Molai. But as scrutiny grew sharper, and as men became more expert in dealing with such documents, it has become more and more evident, until now all Masons and non-Masons who are in a position to know, are agreed that this document was forged, — not, indeed, by the Masonic Fraternity, — but by a company of men who by this means sought to gain connection and affiliation with the Order. The tracing of an unbroken line of Grand Masters between Jacques de Molai (ti3i4) and Sir William Sidney Smith (ti84o), by means of John Mark Larmenius and his successors, is impossible. No less fallacious are the claims to a direct descent of the Grand Mastership from Jacques de Molai through Peter d'Aumont in Scotland. Indeed, we understand that our Scottish Praters themselves have upon examination found this claim baseless and, with their customary fearless honesty and frankness, have given it up and disavowed it. And so it may be said once for all of all similar claims. With the ban of the then all-pow- erful church upon them, with all kings and the governments they controlled turned against them, the organization as an organization was abolished. It was impossible to continue it in any such official way as by the main- tenance of Grand Masters. It was impossible that they should have fought under Bruce as an organized body, or that as such a body they should have maintained themselves within any other similar body or organization then existing. And herein lies the chief difficulty in tra- cing any unbroken line of connection between the old and the new Order at all. If public and official continuance was impossible, what we must look for is tradition and maintenance of a private and unofficial nature; and this is always difficult to trace. So difficult is it, and so little actual evi- dence has yet been brought to hght, that we must admit the possibility of more than one opinion on the basis of it. There have been good Masonic Templars (Hughan, Mackey, Parvin) who have held that there was no connection whatever by unbroken line of transmission between the old and the new. And it is still quite possible for one to be a good Templar Knight of today and hold this opinion. The Order is broad enough to hold men of diverse minds and of various ways of POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS 31 thinking. And the main thing, after all, is, that we be connected in spirit, that we show in our time the same spirit as did the Templars of old in their age, rather than that we should continue the same in all particulars. For whatever other opinions one holds, one cannot, it seems to us, be of two minds on this point. The times have changed, and men's ideas and ideals have changed. No longer do we consider a mere visit to Palestine the greatest good in life. No longer do we consider possession of the Holy Land by a non-Christian people the greatest evil, to be fought against with sword and lance. Therefore we are not a military body like those Knights of old. We have retained of their militarism only that splendid disci- pline, which distinguished them in their day, — self -discipline, which enlarges and conserves each individual man's power, — organized discipline, where- by a whole body of men may resist or strive powerfully and effectively together. And as the means have shifted, so the aim in view has shifted. Like them, we seek the greatest good, the truth. But we believe the greatest good to be not in far-away Syria or Palestine, but at home, in fra- ternal, Christian righteousness and happiness in our social life, in business and industry and government at home. He who seeks for himself in and out of his Order such truth and righteousness, he who helps his Order to take a foremost place among those forces of to-day that strive and fight a spiritual fight for this spiritual. Christian, greatest of good things, he is a Templar Knight, good and true, even though he hold that the Order of to-day is in no sense a survival, but rather a revival and resurrection, of the Order of old. Yet, we would fain believe that the evidence hardly warrants us in going so far as this. Although the ancient Order did disappear from the stage of public life, yet we must remember that always there is not only the actor, who happens to be in the limelight, but the great body of spec- tators in the dark auditorium. With those earnest and honest old Sir Knights, Moore and Perry, we hold that, though the Order might be ofii- cially abolished and dispersed, yet a great, powerful body, such as it was, could not be utterly annihilated, and there is evidence that points in this direction. In the first place, the members of the old Order were not all put to death. Some joined other orders. Some entered private life. In Portugal even the organization lived on under another name as "Knights of Christ." Sir Christopher Wren, England's greatest architect, West- macott, a distinguished artist of the last century, and others as notable and well informed, find that a strong Oriental or Saracenic influence and impulse was exerted upon the literature and art of Europe, especially upon 32 KNIGHT TEMPLARISM AND FREEMASONRY its architecture and Masonry, by the returning Crusaders. And who should have been more concerned in this movement than the Templars, with their temples and preceptories and priories strewn all over Europe. And right here we must take exception to the statement often made that there could be no connection between those nobles and knights of old and the art and craft of Masonry. Aside from the interest by them taken in noble buildings to serve the purposes of both war and peace, it is a fact not to be forgotten, that operatives or workingmen, who must have been largely masons and builders, were a recognized factor and section of the Ancient Order. When the Order disappeared from public view, it was a Christian secret society, with a secret doctrine and precepts, with a secret rite of initiation. At its pinnacle the knights and nobles, at its base a large body of workingmen, many of them operative masons and builders, no doubt forming or belonging to guilds and societies of their craft. Then public record, at the present time, all known record, except such hints as we have indicated, leaves us in the dark for about four centuries and a half. It is as though a brook, hitherto flowing in the sunlight, had dropped from view into who shall say what narrow ravines or subterranean tunnels or hidden channels. It is as though a well-hewn and built mediaeval road suddenly plunged into a forest and split up into many a little path and byway. But, lo, this is not the end. Presently, lower down the mount, at the foot of that wild, broken spot that swallowed it up, the brook reappears and broadens and flows on into the plain, a great and noble river. As we emerge from the dense forest of the Dark Ages, the road takes up anew and soon becomes a great modern highway. Who shall say it is not the same brook and road? Who shall say that with evermore penetrating modern methods something of the connection that binds the two together shall not yet be found? What we see at present is the Order and organization reappearing, changed and modified to suit and fit its newer, brighter, more congenial surroundings, and yet, in its principal and fundamental feature, the continua- tion of the splendid old organization. About the middle of the eighteenth century men like the Chevalier de Ramsay and Baron von Hund and others, began to talk of Knightly and Templar Orders and degrees in connection with the Masonic fraternity, since 1717 no longer operative, but entirely speculative. And soon thereafter the Knights Templar Order and degree made its appearance in the full light in America, England and France. It is a remarkable fact that the first account of the conferring of the Order POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS s^ of Knights Templar within the Masonic Fraternity, that has yet been dis- covered, was found in America. In Masonic Hall, Boston, at the first recorded meeting of St. Andrew's Royal Arch Lodge of that city, August 28, 1769, the minute says that "Brother Wm. Davis came before the Lodge, begging to have and receive the parts belonging to the Royal Arch Masons, which being read was received and he unanimousl}' voted in, and was ^^iw;/-<^ <=^/i'5»r accordingly made by receiving the four steps, that of Excellent, Super- excellent, Royal Arch and Knights Templar." It is held that the degree was learned from Irish troops, at about that time quartered in Boston. The public reappearance of the Order as a higher degree in the Ma- sonic Fraternity now spreads rapidly. For 1779 and "several years pre- vious" there is clear evidence of its existence and working in Dublin, Ireland. Not long afterward we find them with Thomas Smith Webb in Albany, New York, in Pennsylvania, in South Carolina, in Maryland, Rhode Island and Connecticut, and so on in sporadic cases, unorganized, all over the Provinces, now our eastern States, in France, and in England, Scotland and Ireland. In this fashion modern Knight Templary emerges from the dark, after the institution had lain dormant for 425-50 years. CHAPTER III FORMATIVE PERIOD AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GENERAL GRAND ENCAMP- MENT or THE UNITED STATES IN lSl6 T IS the beginnings of Masonic Templary's existence and work as an organized body and force in these United States that this chapter is designed to trace. It would, indeed, be interesting, and most desirable in a larger work on the complete history of Modern Masonic Templary, to follow the development of the Order from its origins not only in the United States, but in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and France as well. But this would be no small task. For Modern Templary, springing up in the period when the enlightenment of this great modern age first began to send forth broadcast its generous beams, did not make the mistake, so common to the Middle Ages, and in many of the eft'orts of progress in the Ancient World, of trying to cast itself into an absolutely rigid pattern, not to be modified for all times under any conditions. Main- taining firm and unshaken unity in fundamental aims and principles, it has permitted the several members of its family to branch out for themselves and to shape and adapt themselves to the needs of the cir- cumstances in which they were living and of the times, with whose progress they were seeking to keep pace. To sketch the history of each of these branches would take us further than the bounds of this volume allow. It is quite in accordance with the scope and purpose of the present volume that we confine ourselves to that branch of the institution which will be of greatest interest to the largest number of its readers, and which is by far the greatest and most flourishing representative of the Order today, the Masonic Knight Templary of the United States of America. It is a natural growth, though under the oversight and fostering care of wise gardeners, that we shall be permitted to observe. There are at first seeds and single plants, these are collected into smaller gardens, to be united at last into a great national park. Or, to vary the picture, a tiny EARLY TEMPLARY IN AMERICA 35 shoot springs up, slowly it develops limbs and branches, until it becomes a great fine tree with stout, strong trunk and a multitude of limbs, branches, twigs, leaves and fruit. It is well to remember this as we go along. This will keep us from falling into the error of expecting things at all times to look just as they do to-day. There are in every such growth changes, prunings, transplantings, before the finished park or the full-grown tree can come to be. The first shoot, the separate plants will look quite dif- ferent, will have a mode of existence largely difi'ering from the finished product. They are not, therefore, fundamentally different or radically wrong. The germinating seed first pushing its tiny head through the soil into the sunlight and the air has a right of its own to its own kind of ex- istence. And there is an interest and peculiar sacredness all its own to the budding shoot. It is in this spirit that we must approach the beginnings of the crystallization, of the formation and organization of our own Ma- sonic Knight Templary. At the close of the foregoing chapter we found single Knights Templar being created at various points along the Atlantic Coast of America. Before the year 1800, it is now fairly well established, these degrees were conferred for the most part in connection with the Master Masons' Lodge or in Chapters working under a Lodge warrant. But some considerable time before the close of the eighteenth century Encampments, and even one State Grand Encampment, made their appearance, some of these enduring, others existing only for a comparatively short period of time. The honor of the first creation of a Masonic Knight Templar on record, not only in America, but anywhere in the world, belongs, as has been stated, to Boston, Mass. The first clear evidence, however, of an Encampment of Knights Templar anywhere existing comes from South Carolina. The seal of this Encampment, dated 1780, is preserved in the Knight Templar archives of that State, and there is in existence a diploma, bearing the imprint of this seal, dated 1783. But the appear- ance of organized Templary in other States is not far behind. A Templar diploma was issued in Baltimore, Md., on January 16, 1782. This would seem to show that there was an Encampment previously existing here. All records pertaining thereto were unfortunately destroyed in the sack of the town of Havre de Grace by British troops in the war of 181 2. In its request for recognition by the second Grand Encampment of Penn- sylvania in 1814, Maryland Encampment No. i dates its inception in the year 1790. 36 FORMATIVE PERIOD Attention deserves to be called to the fact, not generally known, that the germs of a feature of Templar Conclaves now fully recognized and made much of, namely, pubKc display in parades and processions, first appear in New York. Newspaper accounts and Lodge minutes of the year 1785 show that the Masons and Templars of that city arranged a public procession, the Templar Knights appearing in uniform and with swords, on the day of St. John the Evangelist, December 27th of that year. A similar procession, the Knights Templar leading, took place on the day of St. John the Baptist, June 23, 1789. And in 1799 the Knights Templar played a prominent part in the funeral ceremonies held in honor of that greatest of American Masons, the Father of American Liberty and of our Country, George Washington. It is clear that organized Templary must have existed in New York before the first of these dates, 1785. Accord- ingly, we find Rising Sun Encampment (discontinued 181 7) flourishing in 1797 and St. Peter's Encampment in 1799; and there must, of course, have been others as well. Just how early the Templar Encampment at Albany, with which the revered name of Thomas Smith Webb is connected, and Stillwater Encampment, which also took part in the memorable proceed- ings, of 1816, soon to be described, must be dated, is not altogether clear. There are records of Encampments existing in Newburyport, Mass., in 1795, and in Boston, Mass., and Providence, R. I., in 1802. In Connecti- cut there are clear records of three Templars forming an Encampment at Colchester in July, 1796, of their creating other Knights after this date, and of a charter by them obtained in June, 1801. Among the early States and the Colonies of pre-Revolutionary times Pennsylvania, too, holds a position all its own in matters pertaining to Masonic and Templar history. It is well known that the earliest Masonic Lodge in the then British Colonies of North America, probably the earliest Masonic Lodge in all America, was organized at the old Tun Tavern in Philadelphia in the year 1730. In the Masonic Lodges of Pennsyl- vania or in Chapters working under a Lodge warrant the Royal Arch Degree is known to have been conferred as early as 1758. The earliest mention of a Knight Templar Degree being worked in this State is found in 1794. But there must have been not a few earlier instances of which there is no record. For in 1797 the first attempt at State organization in the United States was made in Pennsylvania. Four local bodies, then known as Encampments (two from Philadelphia, one from Harrisburg and one from Carlyle) met in Philadelphia on May 12, 1797, in a convention, named the Grand Encampment of Pennsylvania. The organization, how- EARLY TEMPLARY IN AMERICA 37 ever, did not prove permanent; just how long it endured is uncertain, but in 18 1 2 it was no longer in existence. It may here be noted in passing, that it was in Philadelphia where Thomas Smith Webb received his Knight Templar Degree some time not long before 1802. It will, perhaps, be as well, though anticipating slightly, to take up here briefly the somewhat peculiar position, which a portion of the Penn- sylvania Templary occupied for a time in its relation to the Templary of the United States. After the dissolution of the first State organization above described, another effort to weld the Encampments of the State, and such others as might wish to join, together into a larger body was made in 1814. On February 15, 1S14, a Grand Convention of Knights Templar at Philadelphia organized another Grand Encampment of Knights Tem- plar in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Encampments concerned (one from Philadelphia and one from Pittsburg) were joined in this movement by one from New York (the Rising Sun Encampment mentioned above), and one each from Delaware and Maryland. But after the rise of the General Grand Encampment in 1816 and onward, this movement, too, like its predecessor in Pennsylvania, failed not only of accomplishing its purpose, but of maintaining a separate existence as well. It was discon- tinued in 1824. One of the chief reasons, perhaps, for its lack of success and of permanence, lay in the fact that these Pennsylvania brethren did not see their way clearly to join the movement of 1816 for a general organiza- tion of Templary throughout the United States. They believed that they could not co-operate with the originators of this movement, because they held somewhat different views as to the connection of Templary with Masonry. Their position in this regard may possibly be best described in the language of our day, if we say that they were unable to see the right and ability of the Templar Order and Degrees to maintain a separate and independent organization, all their own. Under the influence of this view they remained in an isolated position until 1854. By that time history had clearly proved the organizers of the General Grand Encampment in the right. Recognizing this, Pennsylvania Encampment, No. i, joined with the Commanderies that had meanwhile been established in Penn- sylvania by the General Grand Encampment, to form the third organ- ized body in that State, the Grand Commandery of Pennsylvania, as it exists today. Thus it will be seen that, although the Templary of the Keystone State has a long and honorable existence, and though there the first efforts at State organization and an early attempt at wider organiza- tion were made, yet it was not there that the real foundation of the greater, all-embracing structure, was to be laid. 38 FORMATIVE PERIOD The man to whom more than to any one else the effective impulse which resulted in the firm construction of well-organized modern Knight- Templary must be credited is Thomas Smith Webb. This remarkable man was born in Boston, Mass., October lo, 1771. He chose for his life work the craft of printing, being apprenticed to a printer in Boston at the age of sixteen. Some years later he removed to Keene, New Hamp- =• shire, where he worked at his trade. Here, soon after having attained his majority, late in 1792, he was initiated into Ancient Craft Masonry receiving its three degrees from Rising Sun Lodge. In the following year he opened a : paper-staining factory at Albany, New York. At this city, on September 14, 1 797, appeared the publication that first made him famous, "The Freemason's Monitor, or Illustrations of Masonry." The small volume was in two parts, the first containing largely historical material, the second an account of the "Ineffable Degrees of Masonry" and several Masonic songs by the author. The first edition is now very rare, a highly prized antiquarian treas- ure, much sought after by Masons and Knights Templar. Enlarged and improved editions followed in 1802, 1805, 1808, 1816, 1818, and many new editions have been struck off since the author's death, which occurred at Cleveland, Ohio, July 6, 1819. It is not, however, to this book only that Webb owes his claim to fame and to veneration, especially in Masonic and Templar circles. The book, in fact, brought only a small measure of his talents into play. It reveals something of the artistic genius in him. For Webb had the soul of an THOMAS SMITH WEBB Born Oct. 10, 1771; Died July 6, 1810 THOMAS SMITH WEBB 39 artist. Of the arts it was music that he especially loved and practiced. In this practice, however, he showed that aside from artistic talent and finesse of soul, he possessed another great faculty, the mind of an organ- izer. In Providence, R. I., where he lived since 1799, he was largely instrumental in organizing the Psallonian Musical Society, and was elected its first president. And when, later, he transferred his residence to Boston, there again in 181 5 he organized the Handel and Haydn Society, on whose records, also, he is mentioned as its first president. Both these talents Webb used chiefly in the interest of the Masonic, and especially the Knight Templar, Order. With the fine, instinctive skill of an artist he modeled and adapted the ritual of the higher degrees, the Templar Ritual, to fit American needs and circumstances, and thus virtu- ally created and established the American Rite. And his was the energy and insight of the born organizer, which brought order out of chaos and made Templary in the United States a well-constructed body upon a living and flourishing basis. In these two achievements, especially in the latter, lies Webb's chief claim to one of the highest places in the Templar hall of fame. So much is this latter the work of Webb, that it may almost be said: The Templar history of Webb is the history of organized Templary in its beginnings in the United States of America. To Pennsylvania again goes honor first, at least, in point of time, in this history. It was there, as we have seen, that Webb received the Knight Templar Degree not long previous to 1802. But Pennsylvania was not the soil to rear this genius' further work. In fact, as has been shown above, Pennsylvania furnished rather the obstructively, conservative foil, which always seems necessary to bring out the full force of a progressive movement, rather than active aid and co-operation. It is in Webb's home State of Rhode Island and in the neigh- boring State of Massachusetts, where Webb's friend and helper, Henry Fowle, was prominent, that signs of life now begin to appear. The first known Encampment in either State seems to have been Newburyport, Mass., established in 1795. On March 12, 1802, Boston Encampment of Knights of the Red Cross was organized, with Sir Knight Henry Fowle as the first Sovereign Master. August 23, 1802, St. John's Encampment, No. I, Knights Templar, was founded at Providence, R. I., and Sir Knight Thomas Smith Webb became its first Eminent Commander. From this time forward the organizatory stir and movement kept right on, always associated with the name of Webb and often with that of Fowle also. The steps leading up to general organization may be indicated as follows: 40 FORMATIVE PERIOD The first step is that, whereof the record of the proceedings of the Grand Encampment of Massachusetts and Rhode Island gives an account, when it says: "A Grand Convention of Knights Templars was held in Providence, R. I., on the 6th day of May, 1805. It was declared to be the sense of the Convention that a Grand Encampment of Knights Templar be formed and established." On the 13th of the same month preliminary committee work brought into being the "Grand Encampment of Rhode Island and Jurisdiction thereunto belonging." The first Encampments (or, as now called Commanderies) to join the movement, subordinating themselves to this Jurisdiction by asking and receiving charter, were St. John's Encampment of Providence, R. I., and Boston Encampment. The first Grand Master was Thomas Smith Webb of Providence; the first Generalissimo, Henry Fowle. The second step toward wider organization was taken in 1806, when the name of this general body was changed to "The United States Grand Encampment." Provision was made for the admission of further Encampments {i. e., Commanderies). There joined, successively. King Darius Council of Portland, Me., in 1807, Newburyport, Mass., in 1808, and Washington Encampment, Newport, R. I., in 1814. In 1816 the words "United States" were expunged from the name of this Grand Encampment now comprising three New England States, — and at the same time three delegates were chosen to confer with representatives of any or all other Grand Encampments then existing in the United States, for the purpose of forming a national body and organization. The men elected to this delegation were Thomas Smith Webb, Henry Fowle and John Snow, of Providence, R. I. There were but two other Grand Encampments (now called Grand Commanderies) then existing in the United States. One was that, already described, of Pennsylvania, the second general body created in that State. The other was "The Grand Encampment of Knights Templar and Appendant Orders for the State of New York." The beginnings of this body go back to October, 1807, and are associated with the name of Joseph Cerneau. The formal opening, however, did not take place until June, 1814. At this Conclave the name of De Witt Clinton first becomes prom- inently associated with American Knight Templary, he being elected the first permanent Grand Master. And as Grand Master (now called Grand Commander) of this body he served until his death early in 1828. It is sometimes made much of that the founding of this body was connected with some uncertainties and irregularities of procedure. There was here, as always, an opposition party or faction to call attention to what they EFFORTS AT GENERAL ORGANIZATION 41 held to be infractions of rules. But we must remember that such irregu- larities attend all beginnings, that many customs, rules and regulations now in force unquestioned, were, then, either not in existence at all or not generally recognized, and that, after all, it is these men, working largely without precedent, doing much pioneer work, whom we have to thank for the firmly established order of things as now existing. It is an interesting fact, to be noted in passing, that the first Encampment of Knights Tem- plar at New Orleans was organ- ized under the jurisdiction of this New York body. When the impulse toward national organization went out from New England in 18 16 the New York Grand Encampment par- ticipated by sending as its dele- gate Thomas Lowndes. The meeting, which was to deliberate on the creation of a National Knight Templar governing body, met at Phila- delphia on June 11, 1816. Besides the men from New York and New England, there were present, as representatives of the Pennsylvania body of 1814, delegates from Philadelphia, Baltimore, Md., and Wilming- ton, Del. As has been pointed out above, the Pennsjdvania men found themselves at variance with the representatives of the other two great bodies, and could not see their way clearly at that time to drop the points at issue. The differences are clearly formulated by Webb. "First, that the Encampments in Pennsylvania avow themselves as being in subordination to and under the Grand Lodge of Master Masons. Second, their unwillingness to the arrangement or order of succession in con- ferring the degrees as practiced by us, and especially they object to the degrees of Mark Master and Most Excellent Master as unnecessary and DE WITT CLIXTO.N' Gran-d Master, 1S16-1S2S 42 FORMATIVE PERIOD not belonging to the system of Masonry." Consequent upon this disa- greement the delegates from New England and New York agreed to adjourn to the City of New York, — and this first Convention in the interest of national organization was dissolved. In accordance with the agreement reached at Philadelphia, and quite within the powers to them given by the New England body "to meet and confer with any or all other Grand Encampments that are now estab- Hshed within the United States," the New England delegates repaired to New York City and there, with Lowndes, the delegate of New York State Grand Encampment, organized another Convention to carry out the plans which had failed at Philadelphia. The Convention met and completed its work on the 20th and 21st of June, 1816. This little gathering, seem- ingly so small and unimportant, deemed ridiculous and jeered at by its enemies, has a right, in the light of subsequent history, to claim for itself the title "The First General Conclave of Knight Tempi ary in the United States." And the Templars of today have a right to look back upon it with pride and reverence. "It was small." But was not the beginning of these United States as small in comparison with its present size and greatness? And look back at the beginnings of Christianity. Jesus, the Christ, the Twelve dwin- dling to Eleven by the loss of a traitor, a few uncertain hangers-on, and a few women. That was all there was. "It did not come up, in matters of form, in its minutes and records, to our modern ideas of precision and com- pleteness." Let us remember that this is a beginning, not a completed work; that behind the completeness of our forms and our precision in detail there lies a long history and much tentative, experimental work, of which this first Conclave is a part. And just think a moment! Viewed from the standpoint of the British of those days, were the proceedings of the founders of our country and its government regular and correct on all sides? How would the matter have looked, had Washington and his troops failed? And could these founders in their work cover all details of procedure at once, — in regard to the slavery question, for example, or in the matter of trusts and labor unions and Colonial possessions? Or take again the example of early Christianity. From the point of view of the Jewish Church of their day, or from the point of view of any of the fully developed churches or denominations of our own day, was the work of Jesus and His disciples, of Paul and his associates, in its rites and forms of service, etc., complete and full and precise in all details? Just read that up for yourselves in the Bible records and see. THE GENERAL GRAND ENCAMPMENT 43 Why make much, then, of the mere technical oversight, whereby these men failed in the brief minute of their proceedings to proclaim themselves delegates and fully empowered representatives of their respective State bodies, — and seem rather to present themselves as representatives of sub- ordinate Encampments {i. e., Commanderies) ? The matter seems to have appeared so self-evident to them, that they overlooked the necessity to mention it in the brief account of their proceedings. What they must have considered themselves is clear from the form of their commission, as they received it, from the manner of their work, and from the report of this work, as they made it to their state bodies and not to the subordinate organizations. And what matters this slight lack of accuracy in form, anyway, now that they have been fully recognized and proved right by the course of events, and have themselves helped to regulate and perfect those forms, in which they had to make an imperfect beginning? The fact remains that they did accomplish their work, the national organization of the Knight Templar body of the United States. They created the "General Grand Encampment" as a central, governing body for all Templardom in the United States. The Hon. De Witt Clinton, then the most prominent Masonic Knight Templar in public life, was chosen the first Grand Master (so the title read at that time). Thomas Smith Webb, the soul of the meeting and, indeed of the whole movement, became Deputy Grand Master; his best friend and faithful assistant, Henry Fowle, was made General Grand Generalissimo. This body claimed the right to govern and regulate the Templar organizations, then existing, and to found and organize new bodies through- out the United States. There were those in its day, who denied the right to this claim. The supreme governing body, then created in lowliness, has stood the test of time and come to honor. Its opponents have disap- peared. There is no Templar today who denies it allegiance, nor one who does not see that such organization of the Order is a good thing. The Constitution then framed, has since been amended and revised. This was foreseen in the very first draft of this Constitution itself, which said: "The General Grand Encampment shall be competent, on concur- rence of two-thirds of its members present, at any time to revise, amend and alter the Constitution." The framers of this Constitution could not and did not claim to be able to foresee all the circumstances and conditions the Order might have to meet. They left open for it the possibility of a more glorious future than they were able at the moment to see, — just as did the framers of the United States Constitution for the country at large. 44 FORMATIVE PERIOD The hope, which beheved, though it did not see, has been reahzed in both cases. The Conclave at New York in 1816 may well be compared as a con- stituting meeting in Templar history, to the Convention of 1787 in United States history. The Templar Constitution then framed, though amended and revised, has remained essentially the same and is recognized as ex- pressing the permanent, fundamental principles of Templardom, just as the Constitution of the United States made and adopted in 1787 stands to this day, even though it, too, has been amended, and, in a measure, re- vised in spirit, if not in the letter, to meet conditions it could not foresee. Perhaps even more than the formation of the United States, the forma- tion of the organized Templary of the United States centers in the name of one great man. Thomas Smith Webb has been called the first Saint of his Order; as we moderns understand the word "Saint," he deserves the name. As the Declaration of Independence stands in the handwriting of Thomas Jefferson, so the original draft of the Constitution of the Grand Encampment, with all changes, additions and interlineations in the hand- writing of Webb himself may be seen in the archives of St. John's Encamp- ment, Providence, R. I. And he who has knowledge of the persistence and constancy, the wisdom and insight, the energy and unquenchable hopefulness, wherewith Webb in the face of all obstacles, often against over- whelming odds, fought and worked to accomplish that lifework which culminated in the Conclave of 1816, will not deny to him the right to be called the Father of United States Templary, as George Washington is named the Father of his Country. CHAPTER IV EARLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (1819-1853) LTHOUGH the Constitution, as originally framed, had provided for septennial Con- claves or meetings of the General Grand Encampments, a second Conclave was sum- moned to meet in New York City, September 16, 1819. The reason for this step may be gathered from a minute in Webb's handwrit- ing of the proceedings of the constitutive meeting, which make clear that it was there "Resolved, That this convention now proceed to elect officers' * * * ^y^Q ^j-g ^q hold their offices until the third Thursday in Sep- tember, 1819." A triennial meeting of the General Grand Encampment would therefore seem to have been in the minds of the founders from the first. Or was this first period of three years fixed in order to try out the new institution? The chief resolution of the Conclave, passed in consequence of the announcement of the death of Webb on July 6, 1 8 19, by his friend Fowle, reads as follows: "Resolved, That our late M. E. Sir Thomas Smith Webb, Esq., by his unwearied attentions and indefatigable exertions in the serv- ice of Freemasonry generally, but more especially of the Magnanimous Orders over which this General Grand Encampment has jurisdiction, is entitled to our most grateful recollections, and that his memory should be cherished with the warmest and most lively affection by this General Grand Encampment, and by the Sir Knights of the Order universally." It had been given to Webb to see his indefatigable work come to the fruit- bearing stage. He had even harvested from it its first fruit. When John Snow, after Henry Fowle, his best and ablest collaborator, — removed to Ohio, soon after the Conclave of 1816, he formed there, in the city of Worthington, an Encampment of Knights Templar. It was Webb, as Deputy Grand Master, who granted the dispensation for the new Encamp- ment, the first to be formed under the jurisdiction of the new General Grand Encampment. And then this fine spirit was called from his labors and entered upon his rest. His place in the ranks of the great workers in the cause of Templary was taken by his two nearest friends, M. E. Sir 46 EARLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Henry Fowle, who as General Grand Generalissimo presided at this Con- clave in the absence of the General Grand Master, was elected to the Deputy Grand Mastership vacated by the death of Webb. And Sir John Snow became General Grand Generalissimo in Fowle's place. These two now became, for some time to come, the prime moving spirits in Templar history. The Hon. De Witt Clinton, despite his absence, was re-elected General Grand Master. Aside from the acceptance of the new Ohio En- campment into the general body, Colchester Encampment of Connecticut was given Charter of Recognition. Consideration was given to a pro- posal that the Septennial Conclaves provided for by the Constitution, should be changed to triennial, but the proposition was not acted upon at this meeting. The proposal was, however, acted upon and the change to triennial meetings embodied, as an amendment in the Constitution, at the next regular Conclave or session, the Third, held in New York, September i8, 1826. In the absence of both the General and the Deputy Grand Master the session was opened by the General Grand Generalissimo, Sir Knight John Snow. The Order was small in those days of its beginning. And so we must not measure its growth and its proceedings by our standards, but by theirs. It is in the light of these facts, that we must view the Order's persistent re-election of De Witt Clinton to the General Grand Mastership, in spite of the fact that he took little interest in the affairs of the Order, was scarcely ever present at its meetings, and, in fact, did little more than lend to the struggling little organization the prestige of his illustrious name. To his credit, however, be it said, that in those days of the beginning Anti- Masonic excitement which gathered in September, 1826, about the name of Morgan, he in no wise withdrew from Masonry and its appendant Orders such support as his name and position might give. In fact, it was precisely at this Conclave, that he identified himself more closely with Tem- plary, by presiding in person in a portion, at least, of this session. Nor did he decline re-election to the Grand Mastership. Before the next meet- ing of the General Grand Encampment he had joined the host in the great beyond. He died February 11, 1828, at Albany, N. Y. On the other hand, the growth of the Order in this period of its infancy was cjuite remarkable. In the seven years intervening between the Second and Third Conclaves seventeen Encampments were added to the General Grand Encampment, partly by giving Charter of Recognition to such Encampments as were already in existence, partly by giving original Charter to such as were newly formed. Only one of these was in a State THE 4TH AND 6th GENERAL CONCLAVE 47 already subject to the General Grand Encampment, viz. : Ohio. Eight new States or Territories were added to the territory subject to the Gen- eral Grand Encampment, Vermont, North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, New Hampshire, the District of Columbia, South Carolina and Kentucky. Even though some of these additions were not permanent, this would be a very creditable showing at the present day. And if we remember that at the time of the Second Conclave the whole Order comprised but ten Encampments, spread over six States, then it will be clear to us that the growth of the Order between 1819 and 1826 was nothing short of wonderful. The time of the Hon. De Witt Clinton's Grand Mastership has above been called the Templar Order's period of infancy. There follows, now, a period of rather nondescript childhood, which may again be subdivided into two sections, one of troubles and want and disorders, the other one in which signs of the fairness of early youth begin to show. The first is dominated by the shadow of the Anti-Masonic excitement, rising up to 1832, and dying away by 1835. At the three Conclaves held in this period the Rev. Sir Knight Jonathan Nye of New Hampshire presided. At the fourth Conclave, held at New York City, September 14, 1829, he held the chair as Deputy Grand Master, the Grand Master, De Witt CHnton^ elected at the previous Conclave having passed away in the meantime. At this meeting he was elected Grand Master, and as such he functioned at the Fifth Conclave at Baltimore, November 29, 1S32, that memorable little meeting of fourteen tried and true Knights Templar, who "found the fires around which the National Council of Anti-Masons had been held (the nominating convention of a political party opposed to Masonry), and read by their uncertain and unsteady Hght the strength and weakness of Anti-Masonry, in the LTnion," and now "knew that the battle had been fought, and that the night of agony was over — the nation had repudiated Anti-Masonry and had elected as President Andrew Jackson, an acknowl- edged, outspoken, well-known Freemason." At this Conclave Maryland Encampment, No. i, joined the ranks of regularly organized Templary. The Rev. Jonathan Nye had faithfully watched over the patient through- out the grave crisis, and had brought him through. And now it was given him to see the httle Order through the days of the invalid's recovery, as well. He was again elected Grand Master, and as such presided over the Sixth Conclave at Washington, D. C, on December 7, 1S35. That the Order was regaining robustness was shown by the fact that at this Conclave the General Grand Encampment on the one hand reached out a tentative finger toward Texas, then belonging to Mexico, and on the other, for the 48 EARLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT first time, took steps toward bringing about a closer union with the Priories and Encampments of the Order in Europe. As this meeting, also, a slight revision of the Constitution was made. During the next four Conclaves the Order exhibits both symptoms of the lingering exuberance of childhood and fair promises of the coming health and strength and beauty of its early youth. The Seventh Conclave assembled in Boston, Mass., on September 12, 1838, Sir Knight James M. Allen, of New York, presiding as Grand Master, to which office he had been elected at the previous meeting in Washington, D. C. Another State was added to the direct jurisdiction of the General Grand Encamp- ment, the Encampment of Indivisible Friends, of New Orleans, La., being declared independent of the New York organization at this meet- ing and becoming directly subject to and a constituent of the General Grand Encampment. At this meeting, too, the regulation of Temp- lary's connection with Masonry was first directly broached, and all connection with a spurious Masonic Lodge, then existing in New York, was repudiated. M. E. Sir Knight James M. Allen was re-elected Grand Master and served as such by presiding at the following Con- clave, the Eighth, held at New York, September 14, 1841. This Conclave is memorable as showing the first signs of the Order's youth- ful strength, coming, as did the final regeneration of the Order's youth, from the State of Ohio. The first known written report of any of the Order's officers was here presented by the General Grand Captain-General, Sir Knight William G. Reese, of Ohio. He depicted in glowing terms the state and progress of Templary in what was then the great West, Ohio and adjacent territory. Authority was thereupon given to the Encampments of Ohio to form a Grand Encampment (i. e., a Grand Commandery). The next meeting of the General Grand Encampment, the Ninth, which took place at New Haven, Conn. , on September 10,1 844, though often passed by unheedingly, was in many ways a memorable one. The chair was occupied by the Deputy General Grand Master, Sir Knight Joseph K. Stapleton, of Maryland, — the Grand Master, James M. Allen, being absent. The reason for this absence transpired, when the records were inquired into, and irregularities were found in Grand Master Allen's conduct in matters connected with the Order's finances. It is a credit to the grow- ing, young institution, that such inquiry was carefully made, that time and opportunity was given to the accused to defend himself, and that, when he did not avail himself of this opportunity, he was duly expelled at the following Conclave. This is the only case of the expulsion of a Grand THE WEST— CHICAGO 49 Master or Past Grand Master of the Modern Order on record. The Deputy Grand Master presented a written report of his doings, and Sir Knight Reese, now General Grand Generahssimo, once more called atten- tion to the great West, this time to the Mississippi Valley, in particular, and its opportunities as "a Masonic field of labor." This Conclave is further made noteworthy by the fact that during its meet- ing the old South Carolina Encampment, No. i, reappears and enrolls itself in the regular ranks of organized American Templary, receiving charter of recognition. And this, too, is the meeting at which the notable name of Sir Knight William Blackstone Hubbard of Ohio first comes into promi- nence, he being elected General Grand Captain -General. Sir Knight Archibald Bull, of Troy, New York, was chosen for the Grand Mastership vacated by Allen. The admonition of Sir Knight William G. Reese in regard to the great West and the Mis- sissippi Valley was destined to bear fruit speedily. The work was begun in the right way, by the estabhshment of En- campments (/. e., Command- eries) at such points, which promised to become dominant centers of influence in their territory, nuclei about which might gather new, widespread, subordinate organizations. Among the points so taken in hand none was more prominent than sturdy, young Chicago. Chicago was then scarcely more than a great straggling village, an over-grown country town along the shores of Lake Michigan. A runaway horse or team, the putting up of hitching-posts in the main thoroughfares, the building or repairs of a plank road, were great events. Yet its business ARCHIBALD BULL Grand Master, 1844 to 1S47 50 EARLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT forethought and enterprise, e. g., in the energetic consideration it gave to its river and harbor, were already foreshadowing something of its future greatness. With a prophetic eye to the future of this great city, with a feeling that this was to be the metropolis of "the great West" and, indeed, the very heart of the United States, it was here that Templary established itself within the shortest possible time after Sir Knight Reese's impres- sive words had been spoken at New Haven. The fires of the Connecticut Convention had scarce grown cold when, early in 1845, a movement was set on foot to establish a Templar Commandery in Chicago. Dispensation was asked for, was granted by Deputy General Grand Master Joseph K. Stapleton, was dispatched from Baltimore on May 5, 1845, ^^^^l received in Chicago on May 15th. On May 20th the first Conclave was held in Masonic Hall, in Loomis Building, corner of Clark and Water streets- Thus in less than a year after the New Haven Conclave Templary had won the heart of the West, Chicago had a flourishing Templar Encampment in full working order, in witness whereof the following announcement appears in the "Masonic Record" of the quaint old numbers of the Chicago Evening Journal for the latter half of 1845 : "Apollo Encampment. Stated meetings on the second and fourth Fridays in each month. Chicago, June 4, 1845." Grown from an original membership of ten to a body of thirty-eight knightly members, its dispensation was replaced by perpetual charter at the following Triennial Conclave September 14, 1847. This Conclave, the tenth of the General Grand Encampment's tri- ennial meetings, took place at Columbus, Ohio, under the chairmanship of General Grand Master Archibald Bull. This was the first time that the General Grand Encampment had dared to move its session any distance away from the Atlantic seaboard. Hitherto New York and the New England States had almost monopolized these Conventions. Now Ameri- can Templary took possession of the heart of the country. How effective this move was may be seen from the fact, that, aside from the Chicago Encampment already mentioned, six other western Encampments recei\'ed charters at this meeting, two in Kentucky, and one each in Western Penn- sylvania, in Tennessee, in Alabama, and in Missouri. The complete roster of constituent Grand and Subordinate Encampments was given by the Grand Recorder, as follows: Grand Encampments Massachusetts and Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut and Ohio. REESE-HUBBARD SI Subordinate Encampments Maine, No. i, at Portland . Portland, No. 2, at Portland De Witt Clinton, No. i, at Portsmouth . Pittsburgh, No. i, at Pittsburgh Washington, No. i, at Washington . Wheeling, No. i, at Wheeling South Carolina, No. i, at Charleston Georgia, No. i, at Augusta Washington, No. i, at Marion . Mississippi, No. i, at Jackson Indivisible Friends, No. i, at New Orleans Webb, No. i, at Lexington Louisville, No. 2, at Louisville . Versailles, No. 3, at Versailles Frankfort, No. 4, at Frankfort . Montgomery, No. 5, at Mt. Sterling . Nash^'ille, No. i, at Nash^'ille Apollo, No. I, at Chicago . St. Louis, No. I, at St. Louis Kentucky was authorized to organize a Grand Encampment. At this Conclave William Blackstone Hubbard steps into the full light of Templar history. For some time previous we have seen the Reese- Hubbard spirit manifesting itself in intermittent flashes. It now begins to dominate the affairs of the Order in this critical period, and to infuse new life and ordered energy into them. This domination of the Reese- Hubbard spirit really marks the period of the Order's youth and guides it firmly to the attainment of its majority, stamping indelibly upon it the fine, strong, orderly character which has carried American Templary through its early manhood to the maturity which it has reached at the present day. Much of the Western development, which characterizes the work of the Order at this point, was due to this influence. The interdic- tion of fraternal intercourse with the irregularly revived Grand Encamp- ment of Virginia, which was revolting from the authority of the General Grand Encampment, bears the stamp of Hubbard's regulative mind and of the iron firmness of his character. His leadership was recognized by his election to the Grand Mastership.* Maine .... Maine .... New Hampshire Pennsylvania District of Columbia Virginia South Carolina Georgia . Alabama Mississippi . Louisiana Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky Kentucky . Kentucky . Tennessee . Illinois . Missouri *It is really too bad that no full and comprehensive biography of William Blackstone Hubbard has yet been written. If ever a Johnson deserved his Boswell, surely this Lincoln, or, perhaps better, this Gladstone or Bismarck, this "iron chancellor" of American Templary deserves to have his life, his fine, masterly, ante-bellum character, and his deeds perpetuated in American literature. 52 EARLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Hubbard's masterful conduct of this exalted office immediately be- came apparent. In the first place he insisted that he be regularly in- stalled by Grand Master Hammett of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, a ceremony which had been utterly neglected or, at least, not at all regu- larly practiced by previous Grand Masters. And then, at the very first Conclave at which he presided, the Eleventh Triennial Con- clave, held at Boston, Mass., on September lo, 1850, and the week following thereupon, he presented a full report, cover- ing eight pages, of his doings, submitting therewith to a com- mittee hereunto appointed all of his official correspondence correctly filed and ordered. It was clear that here a Grand Master indeed had arrived! The new impulse, the new, expansive life injected into the Order is well characterized by this Grand Master's clear and strong announcement: "The great end for which this Gen- eral Grand Encampment was founded and established has been realized. The want of such a body, conservatively legislative and governmental, over all State and Territorial Encampments, was foreseen at an early day in our Masonic history by many of our wisest and most devoted Masons. The measure was adopted and the supreme power established with the concurrence of the ablest and most distinguished of our Sir Knights and Encampments represented by them. Many who were at the laying of the corner-stone of this edifice have lived to see its completion. * * * Your jurisdiction at the present time, acknowl- edged and concurred in by all (with the exception of two disaffected districts in parts of two States), is co-extensive with the boundaries of WILLIAM BLACKSTONE HUBBARD Grand Master. 1847 to 1859 HUBBARD STRENGTHENING AND EXPANSION 53 the United States." These words were serious truth to him, and they became reahty largely through his eilorts. The two disaffected districts referred to were the irregular organizations of Pennsylvania and Virginia, as above shown. Though he never countenanced for a moment their irregular features, yet neither did he ever give up treating with them, to what effect will appear shortly. The extension of the Order's boundaries went on apace, subordinate Encampments joining from six new States: Vermont, North Carolina, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin and Texas. Aside from this the Order added new Encampments to those already exist- ing in Maine, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana. Dispen- sation to form an Encampment in Canada was denied, on the ground that this did not belong to the Order's jurisdiction. For the first time in the history of the Order the sessions of the Triennial Conclave occupied a whole week, and time never hung idle upon the hands of the assembled Sir Knights. It could not be otherwise than that this able Grand Master should be continued in office, and an able associate was given him in his work in the person of Sir Knight Benjamin Brown French of Washington, D. C, who was elected General Grand Recorder. The most impressive feature of the next, the Twelfth Triennial Con- clave, held at Lexington, Ky., September 12, 1853, and the week following, is again the work of these two men, especially of Grand Master Hubbard, and its results. The Grand Master's report had grown more extensive and elaborate, so that it now covered fourteen pages, as against eight in the previous one. The report was able to state that twelve Encampments covering ten States had been added to the roster of the General Grand Encampment, among them one in the then far distant California. The dealings with Virginia had resulted in the return of this State and its Grand Encampment to allegiance and submission to the General Grand Body. Though in Pennsylvania the same result had not yet been attained, yet the dealings had not been entirely broken off on either side and the out- look was hopeful. Much was being done both by way of study and re- search and by means of exemplification, especially at the General Grand meetings to regulate the ritual and make it uniform throughout the length and breadth of the land. The Constitution and organization were over- hauled and some things were found which had proved themselves unneces- sary in the course of time; other things, which had since become necessary or which had been recognized as useful and needful, were wanting. A committee of five was appointed, consisting of Sir Knights William Blackstone Hubbard, re-elected General Grand Master; Oilman, of Mary- 54 EARLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT land; Moore, of Massachusetts and Rhode Island; Gould, of Georgia; and Mackey, of South Carolina, to remedy these defects, i. e., in effect, to present a revision of the Constitution at the next General Conclave. It is evident that the day of order is dawning and the sun of prosper- ity is rising upon American Templary. The fairness of youth developing into fine, strong young manhood is appearing upon its features. The irregularities of childhood are vanishing and a firm peace and settled har- mony marked by steady, energetic work, are taking their place. Grand Master Hubbard's dream of "a succession of Encampments from the At- lantic to the Pacific Ocean, and from the Rio del Norte to Lake Superior" is emerging from the darkness and taking on substance and reality. The consummation of this early growth and development of Templar Masonry or Masonic Templary in the United States in the great Conclave of Revision demands a chapter by itself. CHAPTER V THE CONCLAVE OF REVISION (1856) HIS Conclave is important enough to give it a chapter all its own. There is another reason why we feel bound to detach it both from that which precedes and from that which follows. It is really difficult to say to which of the two periods it belongs. Not a few Masonic writers set it down as the be- ginning of a new era in modern Knight- Templar history. And it is true that at this meeting new needs of the Templar Frater- nity were first clearly recognized and measures were taken to meet them. But on the one hand most of these measures did not go into effect until the following Triennial Conclave, so that the inauguration of the new era seems more fitly to be placed there. It is in the next Conclave that the Order reaches the pivotal, central metropolis of the United States, Chicago, upon which it swings thereafter both West and East, returning ever and anon to rest upon this central pivot, — and thus recognizes the fact that both the country and the Order has outgrown the time, when the East was the United States, though ever remembering with respect that the East was the charter member and in some sense the mother of all the rest. And furthermore, by his really earnest attempt to decline any further election to the Grand Mastership, Grand Master Hubbard showed that in his estimation this was the culmination and consummation of his work. Now the work of Grand Master Hubbard was truly great work, some of the very greatest and finest work done in and for the Order by any Grand Master in mediaeval or modern times. It is not detracting from the merit of this work if we recognize the fact that in an element of wil- fulness attaching to its strong, swift, decided energy and movement it is marked out as belonging in the main to the Order's youth, rather than to its majority and manhood. Viewed from this side the Conclave of 1856 would seem, therefore, rather to belong to the previous period. It is clear that here there are elements connecting with the past as well as with the future. And so, to avoid doing it an injustice, aside from its special importance, this Conclave must be classed by itself, as a period or moment 56 THE CONCLAVE OF REVISION of transition, rather than the close of one period or the opening of another. It is one of those glorious moments, just previous to the full attainment of young manhood, when many of the finest attributes of maturity stand out in prophetic freshness and beauty, the brighter for being set off by a few clinging remnants of youthfulness. The chrysalis is just broken; within its fragments stands the new, reborn creature, blinking at the unwonted light and air, hardly yet quite sure of itself, radiant, moist and warm, just unfolding to view the beauty of its wings, but not yet quite ready to try them. It is in this light that we prefer to view the "Conclave of Revision." The events leading up to this Conclave deserve some mention. In the interval 1853-1856, by the indefatigable efforts of M. E. Grand Master Hubbard, three new State Grand Encampments were created. The first warrant for the formation of such a State body issued after the Conclave of 1853 was that granted to Texas on December 31, 1853. This shows a remarkable, energetic and speedy development of the Order in Texas, when it is considered that the early minutes of Apollo Commandery of Chicago register the fact that "the petition of Companion Henry King, of Bren- ham, Washington Co., Texas, was received, and the petitioner duly elected to receive the Orders at the Conclave held August 30, 1845, a-i^d he con- stituted a Knight of the Red Cross; and at a subsequent Conclave held September 3d, of the same year, he was duly constituted, created and dubbed a Knight Templar, and his dimit granted to him that he might at once help to constitute a new Encampment." In that after this Texas was able to found a State body previous to Illinois, we have a case of a daughter outgrowing her mother, though not for long. Though it held warrant for organization since the last day of 1853, the final organization of the Grand Encampment of Texas was for some reason delayed until January 18, 1855. This gives precedence over Texas to two further State bodies formed in the same triennial period, — Pennsylvania and Indiana. In Pennsylvania the old, long standing differences between the old organiza- tion under authority of the Grand Lodge and of the new under authority of the Grand Encampment had now finally and fully melted away under the genial glow radiating from the wizard Grand Master. The united factions were granted warrant for the formation and establishment of a Grand Encampment on February 18, 1854, and the organization and Constitution of this body was completed with laudable speed on April 12th of the same year. In Indiana fine, steady growth and progress led to warrant for State organization on April 24, 1854, whereupon that body ACTS AND EVENTS, 1853-1856 57 was fully constituted by May i6th of the same year. Meanwhile the work in other States was going on apace. Illinois just missed forming her State body before this notable Conclave of 1856. Apollo Commandery, No. I, at Chicago, was in existence since 1845, as has been previously stated. The second Encampment or Commandery to arise within the limits of this state was Belvidere Commandery at Alton. This Com- mandery received dispensation on March 5, 1853, held its first meeting April 4th, was granted charter on November ist, and was duly constituted on November 14th of the same year. Peoria Commandery, No. 3, was granted dispensation on July 25, 1856, and held its first Conclave August i6th of that year. It did not, however, receive its charter until September 15th, and was thereupon duly constituted December ist, just too late to make up, before the General Conclave, the necessary three Encampments (i. e., Commanderies) for the formation of a State body. Other States were in a similar position, Mississippi and Michigan being slightly in advance of, and California, Tennessee and Wisconsin being a bit behind, Illinois. In still other States, e. g., Iowa, Encampments were being formed although the formation of State Encampments {i. c, Grand Command- eries) was in them delayed somewhat longer than in the States just men- tioned. And so it came about, when the Thirteenth Triennial meeting of the General Grand Encampment assembled in solemn Conclave at Hartford, Conn., on Tuesday, the 9th day of September, 1856, and the week following, that twenty-two States and Territories (or their equivalents) were there represented, ten of them by Grand Encampments, viz. : Massa- chusetts and Rhode Island, New York, Vermont, Connecticut, Ohio, Kentucky, Maine, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Texas; and twelve by Sub- ordinate Encampments, viz.: New Hampshire, Maryland, South Caro- lina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Michigan, IlHnois, Iowa, Missouri, California and the District of Columbia. A Grand Commandery, hold- ing regular meetings, was in existence in Virginia; but, although by the Grand Master's personal visit during the previous Triennial interval, all the misunderstandings and difficulties existing between this State Encamp- ment and the General Grand Encampment had been cleared away, yet this State did not see its way clear officially to mark its return to alle- giance by sending representatives to the General Body until nine years later, in 1865. This was the largest assembly up to that time ever assembled under Templar colors in America. Nor was it the largest and greatest merely 58 THE CONCLAVE OF REVISION in numbers. The galaxy of great and able men there gathered together was one, which any similar body might well be proud of. To mention only a few of the notable names, known throughout Templary, as they may be gathered from the committee lists and such like of this Conven- tion, there were, aside from Grand Master Hubbard, Robert Morris, Oilman, Morgan Nelson, Mackey, Tucker, T. S. Gourdin, Fellows, Simons, Parvin, to whom many more, scarcely of less fame, might be added. And these men were there to work, under the impetus of Grand Master Hub- bard's guiding genius, as never before a like assembly had worked. They attacked all the problems before them, in fact, all of the problems con- fronting the then young Templary in these United States, upon which it was possible, within the time at their disposal and with efforts, strenuous to the utmost, for them to touch. Small wonder that they accomplished what were then well nigh miracles! And withal, though many of these problems contained difficult and knotty points, such as might easily cause nerves to snap under the strain and tension of strenuous effort, this work and effort was so harmonious that not a discourteous word was spoken, so that one of Templary's most prominent historians was able to record that this "Conclave was begun, continued and closed in a love feast." All of the Grand Officers were present, as was now becoming the rule, where formerly it had been the exception. A full Grand Master's report was for the third time presented by M. E. Grand Master Hubbard, and was thus made a regular and established institution. The report was able to state among other things, that, aside from the Grand Master's activity in bringing Pennsylvania and Virginia into line, twelve dispensations had been granted in eight different States in the South and West. This did not include the work previously referred to, in the formation of State bodies in Indiana and Texas. The report further took up the matter of Rites, especially in regard to the degrees, which form the necessary stepping stones to the Knight Templar Degree. In connection with a clause in the Constitution of the State Grand Encampment of Connecticut, which required an applicant for the Orders of Knighthood to be in possession of the degrees of Royal and Select Master, Grand Master Hubbard declared this provision "not in force" and "inoperative, unless thereafter approved by your honorable body." The clause was not approved, but the action of the Grand Master was, and so remains, a rule of Templary to the present day. In connection with this the Grand Master took up the foreign relations of American Templary, especially those with England and Wales, pointing out that in the interest of harmony and concord with THE THIRTEENTH TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE, 1856 59 these venerable bodies, it would be wise to refrain from adding here inter- mediate degrees not in use there. A valuable adjunct to this (page 17) report was a "Digest of Decisions," which later became the basis of the "Code of Decisions" published by Parvin in 1S71 and of the Code of Statutes adopted by the Grand Encampment in 1874. The report was placed into the hands of a committee on the doings of the General Grand Officers, of which Robert Morris, of Kentucky, was appointed chairman. Other committees and their chairmen were: On Dispensations and New Encampments, Morgan Nelson, Virginia, Chairman; on Jurisprudence, Tucker, of Vermont, Chairman; on Grievances, Mackey, of South Caro- lina, Chairman; on Finance, Oilman, of Maryland, Chairman. In one of the closing admonitions in Grand Master Hubbard's report, he says: "Let knowledge be most extensively disseminated and encour- aged, and especially a knowledge of our history and our ancient statutes and usages, — of our Constitution, rules and edicts, — to the end that each may have a reason for the faith that is in him, and for that faith which he has sealed in the most solemn manner." These lofty and noble words inspired two of the most imposing and important movements inaugurated at this session. One is embodied in the resolution drawn up and offered by T. S. Gourdin, of South Carolina, and adopted by the Conclave as follows: "Whereas, A correct history of the Knights Templar, subsequent to the martyrdom of our revered Grand Master, Jacques de Molai, has never been written; and, whereas, such a history would greatly tend to produce unanimity of sentiment among the Brethren of the various Masonic Rites and to place our illustrious Order in its true position before the world; and, whereas, also, the material for such work can only be obtained in Europe; be it therefore resolved, that a committee be appointed, whose duty it shall be to report, at their earliest convenience, concerning the feasibihty of producing an accurate history of the Order of Knights Tem- plar from the death of the martyr to the present time; and the best method of accomphshing this object." The committee was appointed with Gourdin as chairman. And the historical work, for their day excellent, indeed, of Gourdin and Mackey was the result. That we have outgrown their results is no fault of theirs and does not detract from the value of their labors. It is the spirit of this resolution and of Grand Master Hub- bard's inspiring words, that has been the motive power in the production of this present book, and that leads us to express in it the earnest hope that something further may soon be done, with our increased, modern 6o THE CONCLAVE OF REVISION means, with our greatly facilitated modes of travel, and the greater ability of our present-day experts, to make the full history dreamed of by these great ones of a glorious past a reality. The troubles which they, especially Grand Master Hubbard, experienced in securing records of the proceed- ings prior to 1826, both as to American Templary and as to Masonic Templary in general, have by no means all been put out of the way. May the day soon come, when with unsparing efforts the Order, now at the height of its power, shall turn the searchlight of history full and clear upon its great and honored past, so that every Knight and whoso else may wish shall be able to read for himself and be sure of the glorious records, so that each Knight and the Order in general be thereby inspired to strive that we may not fall below the high standards once set, but rather, in so far as strength may be given us, to surpass them. The second movement to which the impulse was given by the great words of the Iron Grand Master above quoted, was that which resulted in the revision of the Constitution. The committee on this subject was constituted under the chairmanship of Grand Master Hubbard himself. At the instance of the Grand Master, Robert Morris, who had for some time been helpfully active in these matters and was thoroughly con- versant with them, was added to the Committee. The Constitution as revised and presented in final draft, written by Robert Morris, is set up in four articles. The very titles of the first three show one of the radical changes instituted. We have been speaking hitherto of a General Grand Encampment, State Grand Encampments, and Subordinate Encampments. These names will undoubtedly have appeared strange or even incorrect to those acquainted with present-day usage only in these matters. But so far from being incorrect, we have been constrained to use these names for the sake of historical accuracy and correctness. These were the names originally given to these various bodies and institutions by the founders of American Templary, and retained throughout the first half of its existence. It was only in 1856 that the change was made. Accordingly Article I of the new Constitution is inscribed as treating of "the Grand Encampment," no longer the General Grand Encampment. As in the name of the assembly so also in the names of its officers the cumbersome and unnecessary prefix "General" is dropped; the title now and hence- forth is simply "Most Eminent Grand Master." Article II treats of State Grand Commanderies, in place of the former Encampments; the Supreme State Officer is now a "Very Eminent Grand Commander," no longer a Grand Master. And in Article III the Subordinate Bodies are now named RESEARCH IN TEMPLAR HISTORY BEGUN 6i Commanderies, thus taking the name Encampment from all but the general, supreme body. Article IV, as its title says, treats of "Miscel- lanea," one of the most important being a provision for a method of amending the Constitution. Some of the interesting changes made with- in the Constitution in 1856 are the following: Authority to institute new Commanderies in States having no Grand Commandery is now vested in the Grand Master alone, instead of "the first four General Officers," as before; in a similar way, where Grand Commanderies are in existence, the same power is restricted to the Grand Commander alone; election to office in the Grand Encampment was restricted to such Knights as were members of some Subordinate Commandery, whether under the general or under the immediate jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment. It will be speedily recognized by those who know the present regulations, that some of these laws and rules have been changed or modified since. This was entirely within the possibilities provided by the revisers in 1856, as the provision mentioned in Article IV indicates. In fact it was recog- nized that much remained to be done, and that only an impulse toward action in the right direction could then be given. Three subjects were recognized as matters, right and duty of legislation on which was vested in the Grand Encampment: i.) Dress; 2.) Work (/. e., Ritual); and 3.) Discipline. None of these was finally acted upon; indeed for a good many phases of these subjects time for final action was still far away. But the great thing, which was in the power of the men at Hartford assembled, was done; vital and important subjects were broached, discussion of them was opened. Such is a brief digest of the work done and the results accomplished by the great Conclave of Revision, held at Hartford, Conn., September 9-16, 1856. A few episodes of interest remain to be mentioned. A friendly tilt over parliamentary usage between Grand Master Hubbard and Sir KnightMackey, of South Carolina, wherein Mackey maintained right of appeal from decisions of the chair to the Grand Encampment, the Grand Master main- taining the contrary, led to a provision in the Constitution, which states that "This Grand Encampment, being a legislative body, acknowledging no superior, admits an appeal to be taken by any member from the de- cision of the Chair on any question under consideration therein. Pro- vided, however, that such appeal shall not be maintained unless two-thirds of all members present shall vote therefor. That right is adopted for this Grand Encampment alone and is not to be construed as establishing a precedent for the guidance of any other Masonic body." When Grand 62 THE CONCLAVE OE REVISION INIaster Hubbard had succeeded in bringing about the revision of the Constitution, he felt that the aim he had been striving for with all his iron energy and strenuousness was attained. Considering his work done, he refused to be a candidate for re-election. But Morgan Nelson, who was thereupon elected, declined to be installed; the Deputy Grand Master likewise refused to serve; and then the honor in which the old Iron Grand Master was held, clearly appeared, in that by unanimous vote he was re-elected and, by the earnest entreaty of all, great and small there pres- ent, was prevailed upon to serve his fourth consecutive term. In addi- tion to this, as a testimonial of the esteem in which he was held by all, a patriarchal cross of gold was presented to him in the name of the entire Grand Encampment. One further incident deserves mention: Dur- ing the week of the Convention the famous Charter Oak of Hartford was broken down by a storm. Portions of it were then distributed as sou- venirs. The Grand Encampment, also, was presented by the owner, the Hon. Isaac W. Stewart, with a generous fragment. It was voted that this be made into a cross and deposited with the Grand Treasurer. Thus, together with much of great value gained as the result of honest, painstaking, hard work, Fate, too, conspired to contribute a valuable, historical keepsake to the Order's treasures at the memorable Conclave. CHAPTER VI FIRST PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE NEW ERA, INAUGURATED BY THE FIRST CHICAGO CONCLAVE IN 1859 T has been noted repeatedly throughout the foregoing pages, in connection with the great men of Templary, that they were permitted to see and enjoy something of the result of their work. Now a great share of the credit for this fact must, of course, be given to the Providence which determines all men's lives, their beginning and their end. But where, within an organization, this becomes so regu- lar a feature, as it has been in the history of modern Masonic Templary, it deserves to be mentioned as a most creditable performance on the part of such an organization also. For this is not the usual thing by any means. What generally occurs is, in fact, typified by that grand old leader of Levi and Israel, Moses. The heroes, the pro- gressive men, the reformers, of a tribe, of a people, of a denomination or church are usually its martyrs, who share with their people all the preliminary hardships and deprivations and then die, are martyred, on the very border of the promised land. Modern Templary has shown a timely appreciation of its great and progressive men, given them tokens of appreciative gratitude, while they were alive, and not only after their death, kept them at the front not only throughout the thick of the battle, but also when the paeans of victory were being sung. And it has done this not only once, by accident, as it were, but, under our own brief and hurried observation, three distinct and separate times within the first fifty years of its existence. There was Webb, whose fine mind was permitted not only to suft'er the pangs of parturition in bringing forth the national organization he was striving for, but also to enjoy seeing the struggling, infant institution put forth the first signs of lust}' and lasting strength. Then Jonathan Nye was kept at the head to guide the Order not only in the depths of the slough of despond, in the darkest days of the Anti-Masonic excitement, but also upward again to new light and onto the first foothills of new hope. And at the point, where we have now 64 FIRST PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1859-1877 arrived we again see the great old Iron Grand Master not only carrying his work to its consummation, but carried and swept along by the unani- mous, heartfelt gratitude of his Fraters to witness and share in the inauguration of the new era he had helped to bring about. May modern Templary never forget or lose this characteristic feature, which marks it out as marching in the van of our modern civilization, just as we have seen its mediaeval ancestor marching in the forefront of the world's work of his day. The first Conclave, then, to be held under the new Constitution, found the Father of this Constitution, William Blackstone Hubbard, presiding over it. It was thus, under appropriate leadership, that the Order celebrated its coming of age, its attainment to majority. And the event occurred at the appropriate place. Columbus, Ohio, and Lexington, Ky., had marked the Order's farthest West up to the present point. In the three years, however, which followed upon the Conclave of 1856, Grand Com- manderies were formed in Mississippi (January 21, 1857), in Michigan (April 7, 1857), in Illinois (October 29, 1857), in California (August 10, 1858). And Tennessee and Wisconsin were upon the very verge of com- pleting the organization of their State bodies. Missouri lacked only the last official steps. In thus following and keeping pace with the West- ward trend of the development of the United States the Order presently found that the central point of its newly formed circumference was no longer in the East, but coincided with that great and growing young metropolis of the Central West, which was even then assuming the form and importance of the country's greatest inland market and metropolis, Chicago. Chicago, which in 1845 had barely 20,000 inhabitants, now had over 100,000; in 1845, when Templars formed the first Commandery, as above described, there were no railroads, now eight railroads centered there; where in 1845 it might have entertained a few hundred, it was now ready to accommodate tens of thousands. At Chicago on September 13, 1859, Grand Master Hubbard called to order the Fourteenth Triennial Conclave, the first Conclave of the new era, the era of the Order's majority. There was no great pomp or ceremony or publicity connected with the occasion. All was still modest enough. In this it was a true American Order. The American young man, especially the typical American of that period, will at the age of twenty-one probably have found his life vocation, but he will not immediately therewith have a hfe competence, a competence giving him splendor and ease. The steady purposefulness, the consciousness of power which marks the man who has found his life vocation, was stamped THE FIRST CHICAGO CONCLAVE, 1859 65 upon the Order at the Conclave of 1859. But it was stih largely unknown, like the young physician or attorney, who has just hung out his shingle, like the young manufacturer, who has just opened his small shop. And the Chicago papers of that day were, of course, much smaller and less well equipped than at present. Besides, their attention was largely occu- pied by a United States Fair then being held at Chicago, which drew great crowds of - . ~"- -_ visitors to the city and taxed \ its capacities to the utmost. So it came about, that of the whole Conclave, the Evening Journal, then the greatest of Chicago's daily papers, had but one little item in the issue of Sat- urday evening, September 17th, telling of a Masonic banquet held the previous evening at the Tremont House, at which some 200 guests participated, the notable speakers being the Hon. Albert Pike, Hillard, Hubbard and Mackey. This lack of publicity, however, did not bother the young Order much. The old Iron Grand Master at the helm, it went on steadily with its work. The Grand Master was doing a lion's share of this work him- self, as his report showed. In view of the fact that he had his own private affairs to attend to, his correspondence, travels, and research in the interest of the Order were trul)' enormous. Though he bore these bur- dens uncomplainingly, he was thoughtful to lighten it for his successors. At his suggestion the Conclave instituted a Standing Committee to examine and pass upon the returns of Grand and Subordinate Command- eries, a duty which had previously lain upon the shoulders of the Grand Master in addition to his executive work. The subject of Templar uni- BENJAMIN BROWN FRENCH Grand Master, 1859 to 1865 66 FIRST PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1859-1877 form was broached at this Conclave, and a uniform costume for the first time adopted. In order to prevent further loss of material on the Order's early American history, the proceedings from 1816 to 1856 were ordered reprinted. In the matter of Ritual, a Burial Service was prepared and adopted. And now, with the course set and the good ship saihng smoothly and the machinery in perfect order, the Grand old Iron Captain, William Blackstone Hubbard, stepped down from the bridge into honorable retirement. His place was taken by the man who had for some time been his ablest lieutenant, Benjamin Brown French, of Washington, D. C, Before the outbreak of the Civil War, Tennessee, Wisconsin, New Jersey, Georgia, Missouri and Alabama completed the organization of their Grand Commanderies, and as such joined the Grand Encampment. The war naturally called a halt in the steady forward march of Templary, as, during its progress at least, the development of the United States in general received a setback. This was noticeable in only one Conclave, however, and that was the one which fell in the time of the war. It had been decided to hold this Conclave in Memphis, Tenn. This was not feasible in September, 1862, and a special meeting, previous to the regular Conclave, changed the place of assembly of the Triennial Conclave for that year to New York City. It was now twenty years since the last regular Conclave had been held in New York City. And it is a note- worthy fact that this exceptional assembly was the last Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment held there, up to the present time. In the nature of the case the meeting was small. The best authorities state that only eight Grand Commanderies and Subordinate Commanderies from two States and from the District of Columbia were present, and these naturally all Northern. It is not clear that all the Southern bodies had fully and finally seceded from the Grand Encampment, as had their States from the United States Government. Indeed, there is evidence of some friendly and fraternal relations maintained. If the distinguishing mark of the medijeval Templars was fierce heroism in battle, the distinguishing mark of modern Templary is a heroism no less strong, though gentler, and surely more noble, which softens the hatred and fierceness of war in progress, and makes easier the resumption of friendly relations at its close. So Templarism of that day, as the temperate words of Grand Master French in his report of 1862 show, though loyal to the cause, both North and South, which their Government had espoused, was a big factor toward humanity in the carrying on of the Civil War and toward a speedy recon- ciliation after the North had won the victory. This Conclave again took THE TIME OF THE CIVIL WAR 67 up the matter of Templar uniform, giving still further and more detailed regulations in the famous "Edict of 1862." In the matter of the Ritual, as if ordering a Te Deum in prophetic vision of the coming peace, it was decided to have a devotional service prepared for the opening of the next Conclave, the place and time for which were fixed at Columbus, Ohio, on September 5, 1865, and the week following. Even before the actual close of the war, the coming peace and harmony was indicated by the admission into the ranks of the constituent Grand Commanderies of two States, one of the South, Louisiana, on February 12, 1864, and one of the North, Iowa, on June 6, 1864. Subordinate Com- manderies joined from three new States, Kansas, Minnesota and Nebraska. With the following Triennial Conclave, the Sixteenth, held as had been determined, at Columbus, Ohio, in September, 1865, both somewhat greater formality, — always natural with the increasing size and dignity of such a body as the Grand Encampment, — and greater display began to attend the opening of the sessions. The young merchant, as is proper, begins to spread out and make more display of his wares, as his business increases. There were those, who did not love this new phase of the Order, because it was not the custom of "the fathers." Now, veneration for the fathers is good, and far be it from us to discountenance it. But on the one hand it should be remembered that in some of the earliest Templary in the United States, before the formation of the Grand Encampment, — in fact, before 1800, — there were parades with swords and in uniform in New York City, as has been previously shown. On the other hand, what is good for the fathers is not always good for us. If it were so at all points, where would progress be? For a young merchant with a small business in a small town, where everybody knows him, great display would be poor policy and in bad taste. For this same merchant, if his town and business grow together and approach the 100,000 or perhaps the 1,000,000 mark, just such display is absolutely necessary and quite the proper thing. And surely no one will object to the opening of the Conclave by means of a devotional service held in public. And will any one say that the cere- mony and order of service should not be, — as was that prepared by Rev. Sir Knight Robert McCurdy, D. D., for the service at Columbus, — as impressive as possible? Now suppose, as may well be, that the Grand Encampment marching in solemn procession from the Capitol Building at Columbus to the church where the service took place, with it, round about it, the Grand Master's own Commandery, in full uniform, forming his escort, — suppose all that was conceived as a solemn introduction to the 68 FIRST PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1859-1877 devotional service, — a part of the ceremonies in fact, what objection could there be? As a matter of fact it did pass unchallenged at this Conclave. There was in the entire Conclave no real note of war. Past Grand Master Hubbard, too, in his home town, showed that he knew the arts of peace as well as those of battle by entertaining all the Templars present at a splen- did banquet. It was the last work he was to do for the Grand Encamp- ment on earth; for he was called to the heavenly asylum by death on January 5, 1866. And the Grand Master at the present and previous Conclave, — "the War Grand Master," Benjamin Brown French, — was one of the most paternal and peaceable of men. In having him at the helm throughout these troublous times, Masonic Templary was again exceed- ingly fortunate. Calm, unruffled, broad-minded and open-eyed, he was just the man to steer American Templary safely through these troubled seas and land it quietly on the highway to prosperity. There the new Grand Master Elect, Henry L. Palmer, found it, when he called the Seventeenth Triennial Conclave to order at St. Louis, Mo., on September 11, 1868. Minnesota had in the meantime organized its Grand Commandery, and Kansas was preparing to do the same. Instead of the four, or five, or ten, there were now twenty-four Grand Com- manderies sending representatives to the Grand Encampment. Instead of the few miles of Atlantic seaboard, the many thousand square miles from the Atlantic to the Pacific must be cared for, must be attracted. On every hand, where the Grand Encampment had previously been dealing with tens and hundreds, it was now beginning to have to deal with thousands and tens of thousands. Quite naturally and quietly the parading escort of the Grand Encampment, introduced at the previous meeting, was resumed and increased to several hundred Sir Knights from various States and Com- manderies. This being the first time that the Conclave had crossed the Mississippi, the principal entertainment quite naturally took on the shape of an excursion on the old "Father of Waters," the usual banquet being served aboard the steamers. Not much was done by way of legislation, but that was because not much legislation was necessary. But if it be said, as is sometimes done, that work was neglected, this does not corre- spond to the facts. The deaths of Past Grand Master Archibald Bull and of the old Iron Grand Master, Hubbard, were announced, and fitting resolutions were adopted. The Deputy Grand Master, William Sewall Gardner, presented an extended report on the doings of the East, in which was contained the result of much valuable research into the life and deeds of Thomas Smith Webb. These make the proceedings of 1868 a volume by no means uninteresting to read. THE 17TH AND i8th TRIENNIAL CONCLAVES 69 William Sewall Gardner's merit being recognized, he was elected Grand Master, and as such presided over the Eighteenth Triennial Con- clave held at Baltimore, Md., September 19, 1871, and the week following. The introductory address and the report of the M. E. Grand Master were of the ablest ever delivered. In the report it appeared that Kansas had completed the organization of her Grand Commandery, and that Maryland, as if for the "^^ occasion of the Conclave, had for the first time organized an independent Grand Command- ery within her limits early in 1 87 1. Baltimore and Mary- land now took up the new life and swing of the Triennial Con- clave just where St. Louis had left it. The attendance was much larger, and called for larger and more lavish enter- tainment, which was liberally furnished by Baltimore. The street decorations, for the first time made a feature of the Con- clave, proclaimed the Knights welcome, and the proclamation was found to be whole-hearted and true. Where at St. Louis there had been several hundred, there were now over 4,000 Sir Knights from seventeen differ- ent States participating in the marching, which was now no longer merely an escort, but a great parade under command of the Civil War veteran, James M. Anderson, and reviewed in twelve grand divisions by the Grand Master and his lieutenants. Without further competitive drill a prize was awarded to the Commandery which made the best military showing in the parade. This prize was won by Detroit Commandery, No. i, of Detroit, Mich. One precedent set in the work done at this Conclave remains to be mentioned: when the Grand Master granted dispensation, and the Grand Encampment ratified this WILLIAM SEWALL GARDNER Grand Master, 1868 to 1871 70 FIRST PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1859-1877 act by granting regular charter to Honolulu Commandery, No. i, that was the first time the Grand Encampment assumed and exercised authority outside the limits of the United States proper. This was again, in a meas- ure, a prophetic act. The Hawaiian Islands were destined to become United States territory, though it was not until 1898 that this was defi- nitely settled. Amicable rela- tions with Canada were fos- tered on the one hand by the ^ adoption of the Degree of the Red Cross into the Canadian Ritual, — on the other by a delegation sent to represent the Grand Priory of Canada at the Convention. War times and secession times were over. A not unpleasant attempt of Vir- ginia once more to secede from the Grand Encampment was pleasantly but firmly denied. Peace, serenity and prosperity reigned supreme. In witness whereof, the old style of searching out heroic Grand Masters and continuing them in office, now gives way to a more or less regular rota- tion in office. M. E. Sir Knight Gardner stepped out into the ranks of Past Grand Masters to make room for Sir Knight John Quincy Adams Fellows of Lou- isiana. Under Grand Master Fellows' rule three new Grand Commanderies were constituted, Arkan- sas, Nebraska, and the youngest of Eastern States, West Virginia. His chief claim to fame, however, rests upon the fact that all of his decisions, some forty in number, not one was disapproved by the Committee on Jurisprudence or by the Grand Encampment. This remains a record to the present day. In the matter of parade and hospitable entertainment of the numerous representatives now sent by JOHN QUINCY ADAMS FELLOWS Grand Master, 1S71 to 1.S74 THE 19TH AND 20TH TRIENNIAL CONCLAVES 71 Commanderies and Grand Commanderies, Grand Master Fellows' Triennial Conclave, the Nineteenth, held in his own bailiwick at New Orleans, La., December i, 1874, and the week following, did not fall behind what had now become the rule. This is clearly shown by the resolution adopted at this Conclave in regard to parades, which reads; "Resolved, That the Grand Encampment will hereafter accept no invita- tion to unite in a parade dur- ing its sessions; and it hereby prohibits any of its members from participating in a Tem- plar parade during such ses- sions, except to escort the Grand Encampment to the Asylum at the opening of the Triennial Conclave." Yet this prohibition was not directed against the features of parades and display generally, but only in so far as these were thought to interfere with the serious business of the Conclave. For at the very time when it passed this resolution, the Grand Encampment also decided to accept the invitation of the Grand Commandery of Penns)'lvania to participate in a parade at the opening of the Centennial Exposition at Phila- delphia in 1876. In connection with the parades, the subject of uniforms was once more taken up. There were two styles of uniform in use, one, earlier and rather more expensive, "the black uni- form," and one, required by a later enactment, "the white uniform." It was felt to be a hardship that Commanderies, who had under the old rules introduced the black uniform, should now be required to change at once wholly to the white. Accordingly, the rigidity of this rule was relaxed and Commanderies who had and desired to retain the black, were permitted to do so. Perhaps the greatest piece of legislation at the New Orleans JAMES HERRON HOPKINS Grand Master. 1S74 to 1N77 72 FIRST PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1859-1877 Conclave of 1874 was the adoption of the Code of Statutes, based largely upon the collection of approved Grand Masters' decisions made by Sir Knight Theodore S. Parvin of Iowa, V. E. Grand Recorder, 1871-1886. The high point of this first section of the modern Era is reached in the Philadelphia Centennial parade of 1876. Over five thousand Sir Knights were assembled to march in line. The addresses and receptions were correspondingly expansive and impressive. Nothing quite as large as this had ever happened in American Templardom before. It was generally recognized that this event marked the pinnacle of prosperity in its period. This period was even then drawing to a close. It may well be said to come to an end with the Twentieth Triennial Conclave held at Cleveland, Ohio, August 28, 1877, and the week following, under the Grand Mastership of Sir James Herron Hopkins. At this Conclave, 47,831 Sir Knights through- out the United States were represented at the Conclave by thirt}'-one Grand Commanderies and fourteen Subordinate Commanderies. The period had begun with some 7,350 Sir Knights being represented by four- teen Grand Commanderies and seventeen Subordinate Commanderies at the Fourteenth Triennial Conclave held at Chicago in 1859. Such marked increase in this period is a proof of the effectiveness of the most prominent feature developed in it, public display, especially in parade. There were chords struck at Cleveland, which showed that work was being left unfinished, that some might remain to the next generation. The Ritual had not been fully worked out. The treaty of amity with England was not brought to conclusion. But at one point a sort of a closing chord was struck. The parade there held, in neatness and precision of detail, has not been surpassed to the present day. CHAPTER VII SECOND PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE MODERN ERA, VSHERED IN BY THE SECOND CHICAGO CONCLAVE IN 1880 /mm^^^^^m^^ HE modern era of Templary, as we have seen, I ' began at the first Chicago Conclave, being the Fourteenth Triennial Conclave, in 1859. The era which there took its beginning has not yet come to an end. Yet there are cer- tain sections into which it naturally falls, steps, so to speak, by which Templary is mounting upward. There can be no upward step more clearly marked than that which rises up out of and above the former level at the Twenty-first Triennial Concla^•e, held at Chicago, August 17-23, 18S0. It is perhaps no more than a mere fortu- nate coincidence, and we do not wish to press the point, yet it seems worthy of passing notice that both these epoch-making Conventions in their numbers are multiples of numbers held sacred from ancient times and still gi\'en some importance in ^lasonry's Symbolism of numbers. The first Chicago Convention was the Fourteenth, which is two times seven, the seven being universally esteemed sacred and especially so in Masonry. The second Chicago Conclave being the Twenty-first, has for one of its factors the number seven, which may perhaps be considered as especially Masonic, and for the other, the no less sacred number three, which, because of its trinitarian character may be taken to designate Tem- plary in especial. This will, we hope, be of interest to those among us who love the symbolism and meaning of numbers. Those who do not, may find it amusing, at any rate. But altogether aside from this, or any symbolism of numbers, there can be no doubt that the Chicago Conclave of 1880 ushers in a new epoch in the modern era of Templary. In return- ing to the city, which had more than e^'er become the heart and center of the Union, Templary was able to gather its forces together, as never be- fore, and to present them in re\-iew. Chicago had now grown until there was no longer a question that it was the second city in America. It was less than one-fifth as large as at present, yet a city of 500,000, such as it then was, meant something in these United States. The opportunities 74 SECOND PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1880-190^ in the way of practical business, of amusements, of esthetical diversions, etc., etc., offered by such a city are bound in themselves to attract many visitors. And when this city, like Chicago, is centrally located, consid- ering the actual traffic routes perhaps the real central point of America, then, in case ail-American Conventions, like those of the Templars, are held there, it is pretty certain that records will go by the board. So it was in 1880. Previous to 1880 a parade of five thousand Sir Knights, as at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, was considered extraordinarily large, and the number of guests present, which it indicated, likewise. This is what differentiates the period previous to the Chicago Conclave, from that which fol- lows after. Previous to 1880 Templary had counted in hun- dreds, at best in thousands. Now Templary learnt to count its hosts by tens of thousands. For this Chicago Conclave, attended by thirty-one Grand Commanderies and twenty Subordinate Commanderies, produced an escorting parade of over twenty thou sand Sir Knights. The government of state and city extended their recognition to the incoming hosts. The Grand Encampment, itself under the Grand Mastership of the first Chicago man to hold this exalted office, Vincent Lombard Hurlbut, was warmly welcomed in salutatory addresses by Governor (now Senator) Shelby M. Cullom and by Mayor Carter H. Harrison, Sr. In 1859 but one newspaper, the Evening Journal, had given but one brief paragraph to a banquet held in connection with the Fourteenth Conclave. In 1880 a dozen great newspapers vied with each other in featuring the great Templar Convention. In 1859 few aside from those directly concerned had VINCENT LOMBARD HURLBUT Grand Master, LS77 to ISSO THE 2IST TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE, CHICAGO, 1880 75 known of the meeting; in 1880 it was heralded broadcast. Chicago put on holiday dress and decoration, every inhabitant helped extend a generous welcome, a special building was erected to serve as Asylum for the Grand Encampment; a great camp of tents. Camp de Molai, stretched along the lake front to help accommodate the inflowing hosts. Templary surprised itself and others by this showing. And the result was a new rate of increase, as has been indicated above. In 1880 the number of Templars in the United States had just crossed the 50,000 mark. This mark had been reached rather laboriously, though showing marked improvement with the growing pubhcity of a decade and more previous. In the era now beginning the triennial increase rarely drops below the 10,000 mark and sometimes passes even the 20,000. Nor was increase in numbers the only mark of the new epoch. The machinery of government and legisla- tion begins to work with more efficient smoothness, despite the great bulk, perhaps just because of the increased bulk, which, as the organ of a great body, it must handle. Small objections and bickerings are still heard, but they have no effect. The main lines of development are fixed, and along these government and legislation proceed. Thus, at this Chicago Convention one of the great subjects of Templar legislation, until then for various reasons neglected, was taken up and disposed of in regular order of business, viz.: The Form for Templar Trials (Templar Discipline) and the Forms for Constituting new Commanderies and for Installation Serv- ices of Grand and Subordinate Commanderies. This Chicago Conclave became for many years to come a standard of greatness and efficiency for following Conclaves to strive for. At the invitation of the Templar hosts sent to Chicago by California in 1880, the Grand Encampment for the first time crossed the Rocky Mountains to hold its Twenty-second Triennial Conclave on the shores of the Pacific in the city of San Francisco, August 21 to 27, 1883. Although the situation of San Francisco on the very edge of the Union, at the greatest possible distance from the Eastern border, precluded the possibility of such a gathering as at Chicago, yet the assemblage of Tem- plars there was by no means small. One more Grand Commandery, North Carolina, had been added to the roster, making thirty-two in all, who were represented at this Conclave; beside these there were, of course, also, the usual number of immediately constituent Subordinate Commanderies. Formal addresses of welcome by State and city functionaries, newspaper publicity, decoration of the city in honor of the visiting hosts, great and well-conducted parade, all these features functioned with modern regu- FIRST CALIFORNIA CONCLAVE 77 larity. Especial efforts were put forth in the matter of lavish and gen- erous entertainment of all sorts. The chief business transacted under the chairmanship of M. E. Grand Master Benjamin Dean was on the one side of historical nature, as propounded by the Grand Master in his report. On the other hand a portion, at least, of a matter of legislation which had long lain dormant, was here first taken up, the Ritual. It was at this Conclave that the Ritual of Malta was officially fixed and promulgated. In 1886 the Grand Encamp- ment again returned for its Conclave to the Central States. The Twenty- third Triennial Conclave was called to order by V. E. Deputy Grand Master RoomeatSt.Louis,Mo.,on Sep- tember 21, 1886. M. E. Grand Master Robert E. Withers, who had not shunned the journey from his post as United States Consul in Hong Kong, China, to St. Louis in order to attend the Conclave, was after all this sacrifice prevented by illness from presiding, except for the brief space of time necessary to induct his successor-elect. Sir Charles Roome, into office. One incident of Grand Master Wither 's administration de- serves special mention. It was his absence in China, which caused Sir Knight Stephen Berry of Maine to think of him and send him greeting on Christmas Day. This "novel and pleasing episode" is the origin of the custom at present universal of pledging the Grand Master at Christmas time. At the St. Louis Conclave, which closed his administration, city and street decoration was perhaps in externals the especial feature of this Con- vention. Some voices were raised against parades, drills, entertainments BENJAMIN DEAN Grand Master, 1S80 to 1883 78 SECOND PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1880-1907 in banquets, excursions, etc., but they were neither loud nor strenuous enough to create much impression. They merely went to show, that though Templar government and management were in progressive hands, yet the seasoning salt of conversatism was also present. At this Conclave, as much as at any other, it appeared that the display feature did not interfere with serious work. The Ritual was here completed, the forms for the Order of the Red Cross and the Temple being added to those of Malta promulgated in 1883. The friendliest relations between the Grand Encampment and the Great Priory of Canada, now become independent SECOND ST. LOUIS CONCLAVE, 1S.S6 of the Convent General of England, were established, and representatives were for the first time interchanged. A very sane step was taken, when the matter of uniforms, which had scarcely ceased causing trouble ever since it was seriously taken up in 1859, was relegated to the Grand Com- manderies. It appeared in the records that Templary's membership in the United States had risen to 72,849, and the triennial receipts of the Grand Encampment for the first time mounted over $10,000.00, amount- ing to $12,716.89. With a successful reaffirmation of the centralization of power in Templary within the Grand Encampment this Conclave came to a close leaving behind a record of prosperity enjoyed and displayed and of much hard work efficiently and expeditiously done. THE 24TH TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE 79 Between it and the Washington Conclave of 1889 falls the organiza- tion of a number of Grand Commanderies, quite extraordinary at this period. Between 1883 and 18S6, just as between 1880 and 1883, but one state had instituted a Grand Commandery; in this case it was Dakota (now South Dakota), which organized in 1884. But before the Grand Encampment again assembled at Washington, D. C, four States had completed their organization, Oregon and Washington, both in 1887, and Wyoming and Montana in 1888. The Northwest was growing and its Templary was waxing strong. Thus it was that when M. E. Grand Master Charles Roome called to order the Twenty- fourth Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment at Washington, D. C, on October 8, 1889, thirty-seven Grand Commanderies and twenty-two immediately constituent Subor- dinate Commanderies had rep- resentatives present to respond to the roll call. When the Templar parade was unfolded on the broad, effective avenues of Washington, this did not create in the minds of the Washingtonians the same stir as it did in other cities; for parade and pageant are no novelty to Washington's pavements. Yet even the pageant-sated Capital found the beautiful spectacle, ever more than half symbolic, presented by the Templar hosts pleasantly impressive. A special reception by President Harrison gave recog- nition to Templary as one of the great forces for good in the Nation over whose destiny he presided. There was not much immediate need for new legislative work. And this was well. For the novelty, intro- .^ CHARLES ROOME Grand Master, ISSli to 1889 u z o u o z S D Q Q z" o H O 2 w D Z w > < < 2 z z w THE 24TH AND 25TH TRIENNIAL CONCLAVES 81 duced at the two previous Conclaves, a complete Ritual, fixed in print, demanded much internal adjustment and readjustment within the Order, as such moves always do. After a trial of three years no change or revision of any sort was found necessary in the Ritual adopted at San Fran- cisco and St. Louis. Yet with customary broadmindedness and foresight room for diversity in unity and for progress and development was left by dividing the Ritual into two parts, the Essentials and the Ceremonials, a certain liberty being left to the Grand Commanderies in the latter. When the Twenty-fifth Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encamp- ment met in Denver, Colo., on August 9, 1892, but one further Grand Commandery had been added to its ranks, North Dakota (organized in 1890), whose origin, of course, is founded upon the division of the old Territory of Dakota into two new States, North and South Dakota, South Dakota retaining the old charter, and the Northern section organizing under a new one. The assembly was presided over by M. E. Grand Master John P. S. Gobin of Pennsylvania, the second Pennsylvania man to attain to this high office, the first being that well-known Sir Knight, James Her- ron Hopkins. Under Grand Master Gobin's leadership at Denver the difficult matter of the Rituals was finally and definitely settled, which settlement was largely due to the arduous and efficient labors of the com- mittee thereunto appointed. On this committee a prominent Illinois Templar, Past Grand Commander John Corson Smith, was one of the leading spirits. Another Illinois Templar, just beginning his great career in the Grand Encampment, Sir Knight George Mayhew Moulton, at this Denver Conclave, presented the Grand Encampment with a Grand Stan- dard, in order that the Grand Standard-bearer might have one "to support, display and protect." Two minor bits of legislation are of interest. The custom of exchanging Christmas greetings with the Grand Master was officially recognized at this Conclave. The second decision is one which is well calculated to show the religious and law-abiding spirit of the Order ; it was determined that the holding of meetings of a Commandery on Sun- days would be "direct violation of the principles" of the Order and "grossly inconsistent with the civil law." Illustrative of this same spirit on its high- minded and exemplary side are the oft-quoted words, spoken by Grand Master-Elect Hugh McCurdy in his address of acceptance near the close of the Conclave, — ^words, than which none finer, none more like the moun- tain peaks within sight of which they were delivered, have ever been spoken in the realm of Templary. "In whatever cause," said Sir Knight Mc- Curdy, "Knight Templarism had its origin, its only reason for existence o H W Q < < w > < ►J o z o u THE 26th and 27TH TRIENNIAL CONCLAVES 83 to-day is its power to help men. Men are not asking to-day how far back into the past does your history extend, but how far-reaching is your pres- ent every-day hfe. What of your own are you adding to the age in which you Hve? We cannot ailord to live for our own gratification, nor for display of cross, plume, sword, or star. By a larger growth in ourselves and a wider influence upon our fellow-men we must emphasize the mean- ing of our name and the significance of our symbols. Find out this mean- ing, this signification, — be these. We have our Masonic homes, our altar, our mystic tie. In our devotion to these shall we forget the world's home, where our fellows dwell? Shall not our love for that which we call our own inspire in us a larger love for the common Brotherhood of man? * * * Sir Knights, the world needs us at our best." It was under M. E. Grand Master McCurdy's chairmanship that the Grand Encampment assembled in its next, the Twenty-sixth Triennial Conclave at Boston, Mass., on August 27, 1895. It was the third time the Grand Templar body of America foregathered in the territory, where its real founder, Webb, had conceived it, — in one of the very cities which he had called home. The last time previous that the Grand Encampment's sessions had been held in Boston, was during the Twelfth Triennial Con- clave, held in 1850. Those were great days, the days of the old Iron Grand Master, Hubbard. But what a change had been wrought in Templary between those two dates. The seeds sown by Hubbard had germinated, sprung up, grown to maturity and borne their full fruit, fruit hundred-fold. Now the Iron Grand Master was no longer. But the effect of his work was there. Masonic Templary's recorder at this Conclave was for the first time able to state that its membership has passed 100,000; the actual numbers recorded were 106,670. The parade surpassed all previous efforts, even that of Chicago in 1880; the official records report in the neighbor- hood of twenty-five thousand in the line of march. It was a fete such as Boston had not seen before; that it was appreciated is evidenced by the fact that, on a conservative estimate, five hundred thousand people viewed the parade. The entertainment, with which the old city responded, was royal. The work completed at this session was little. But this does not mean by any means that little was done. With the meeting on this old soil, the very "mother ground," to take over bodily a Germanic phrase, — the native soil of American Templary, — a great impetus was given to interest in history, in origins and development. Here a beginning was made and committee was provided to continue in research after the facts in the matter of the early history of the Grand Encampment, especially the 84 SECOND PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1880-1907 history of the Organization in 18 16. Conditions having so widely changed, it was found necessary again to revise the Constitution, or sections of it, at least, and in this matter, too, a beginning was made at Boston and com- mittees appointed to carry out the project. The Twenty-seventh Triennial Conclave, which met in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on October 11, 1898, under the Grand Master- ship of M. E. Sir Knight War- ren La Rue Thomas took up the work where it had been left at Boston. The amend- ments and revisions to the Constitution broached at Bos- ton were taken up and largely completed here. One of the most important of the new regulations adopted in the light of later events, was "Section I, title XXXV, Non-affiliation," which reads as follows : ' ' Here- after voluntary non-affiliation in Lodge or Chapter for six months shall deprive a Knight Templar of his membership in the Commandery. " This proved to be one of the most difficult rules ever framed. In Pittsburgh as at Boston the Conclave and its attendant ceremony and pageant proved a great attraction. Some have estimated the visitors and attendants at Pittsburgh to have been even greater than at Boston. And this display of Templary's power, beauty and discipline was no less important and effective in its own way than the deliberative, legisla- tive and judicial work of the Grand Encampment itself. Templary was increasing by thousands and tens of thousands throughout the United States. New members were gained, new Commanderies were formed in the old States, already under Templar sway. And the remaining States WARREN LA RUE THOMAS Grand Master, 1S95 to 1898 86 SECOND PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1880-1907 and Territories of the Union were rapidly coming into line. Previous to the Boston Conclave Arizona had organized a Grand Commandery in 1893, and just before the sessions opened in 1895, Florida completed the organization of its Grand Commandery. Then in the Triennial Period following, Indian Territory (1895), the District of Columbia (1896) and Oklahoma Territory (1896) completed the preliminaries of organization of their respective Grand Commanderies, so that they were ready to receive Charter at Pittsburgh in 1898. This now brought the total number of Grand Commanderies up to forty-three, so that, excluding Alaska, and reducing, as has since been done, Indian and Oklahoma Territories to one State, there remained at that time only seven States or Territories out of forty-nine, which had no Grand Commanderies of their own. Remem- bering that Massachusetts and Rhode Island have one in common, this leaves but six in which such a consummation was desirable. Of these remaining six one more, New Mexico (1900), had organized when the next, the Twenty-eighth Triennial Conclave, assembled in Louisville, Ky., on August 27, 1901. The Grand Master presiding on this occasion was the first Calif ornian to attain to this exalted position, Reuben Hedley Lloyd. Grand Master Lloyd's report shows that his chief diffi- culty had been found in maintaining and explaining the newly revised articles, especially the newly defined regulation on non-affiliation in Lodge and Chapter. He succeeded, however, in overcoming all difficulties, and, the Grand Encampment approving of his decisions, this rule is now one of Templary's tried and immutable laws. It was largely through the efforts of that eminent and able Chicago Knight, John Corson Smith, that at this Conclave an exchange of representatives was brought about between the Great Priory of England and Wales and the Grand Encamp- ment. Sir Knight John Corson Smith himself became the first repre- sentative of England's Templary in America, and the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Euston became the first representative of the Grand Encampment near the Great Priory of England and Wales. A most interesting report of a committee, which had begun its labors at Boston in 1895, found that the General Grand Body had in all probability been constituted by Subordi- nate and not by Grand Encampments (f. c, Commanderies, as at present named). On the social and display side this Conclave, as its predecessors, came fully up to the expectations warranted by the well-known energetic and forceful character and generous hospitality of Kentucky and its citizens. (AC^- ' -«g.ii5;i_ "■„.J**;*»»_^ TRIUMPHAL ARCH, LOUISVILLE, KY., 1901 88 SECOND PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1880-1907 In 1904, when for the second time the Grand Encampment journeyed to San Francisco for its sessions in the Twenty-ninth Triennial Conclave, September 6th to 9th, under the chairmanship of M. E. Grand Master Henry Bates Stoddard of Texas, the negotiations toward closer relations with Templar bodies in other lands, which had been carried on for so long a time and which had shown signs of maturing at Louisville in 1901, for the iirst time bore full and splendid fruit. Upon invitation of Grand Master Stoddard the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Euston, the Most Emi- nent and Supreme Grand Mas- ter of the Great Priory of the Religious and Military Orders of the Temple, and of St. John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta in England and Wales and the Dependencies thereof, came with a staff of six distinguished Knights to visit the Grand Encampment of the United States. He was royally received and, upon motion of Past Grand Master Lloyd, was elected the first honorary mem- ber of [the Grand Encampment. The two great Templar organi- zations of England and America were thus bound together with ties of the closest friendship, the Templar Order assuming an international role, and with the role its share of the duty and obligation of unifying and harmonizing the nations of the world. For the rest this Conclave was characterized by the absence of any agita- tion or need for legislation on the hitherto so much debated questions of uniform, non-afhliation, permanent place of assembly for the Grand En- campment, etc. The decorations, the parades, the welcome and recep- tions and entertainment were resplendent with California hospitality. HENRY BATES STODDARD Grand Master, 1901 to IflOl o o (/] o z < 2; <: < O o < s o Ix, o ai w Q 2 < .WiiiTif-l': ■■wr(..:j^»%'i,(ii!i go SECOND PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1880-1907 One Grand Commandery, Idaho, was organized and created during the Conclave week. Sir Knight George Mayhew Moulton was then elected M. E. Grand Master. Sir Knight Moulton was the second Illinoisan upon whom this honor had been conferred, in commemoration of which fact he was presented at his installation with the sword of the first Grand Master from Illinois, Vincent Lombard Hurlbut. Saratoga Springs, in the State of New York, was chosen as the next place of Conclave and assembly for the Grand Encampment. In the Triennial interval following upon the Conclave of 1904 several things of general interest occurred. The most noteworthy, perhaps, was an innovation by Grand Master Moulton, for which he himself gives rea- son and explanation as follows: "Templar affairs are keeping pace with other elements in the march of human events, and you are entitled to a speedy knowledge thereof. News is welcomed and possesses interest in proportion to its degree of freshness, and loses its savor rapidly through lapse of time. While nothing of a startling nature has transpired, the scope and magnitude of our jurisdiction, territorially and numerically, neces- sarily brings to view much that is of interest to us all, and of value in shap- ing the future of our beloved Order. "Impressed with these thoughts, it has seemed to me that you, being interested in all that pertains to the welfare of Templary, and especially those matters which aft'ect the administration of the Grand Encampment, are entitled to and should receive at least an annual report of that which has transpired throughout our jurisdiction. A desire to be in close touch with the great and growing Templar organization of our country, and to inform those who are charged with the duty of legislating for its welfare of that which is essential to the formation of good judgment along that direction, leads me to venture upon what is an innovation upon previous customs, but which I feel to be fully justified in the spirit of progress." For the good and sufficient reasons thus clearly and cogently set forth Grand Master Moulton issued annual reports instead of the one triennial report previously customary. Another matter of general interest was the incorporation under act of the United States Congress, dated February 4, 1905, of the "Trustees of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar," in order to secure for the permanent fund of the Grand Encampment proper care and management. In the matter of Christmas greetings the M. E. Grand Master called especial attention to unofficial ones, such as came to him from fourteen Sir Knights foregathered at Nome, Alaska, and one, especially sweet and touching, in poetry from the daughter of THE 30TH TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE 91 the late lamented Sir Henry Warren Rugg, then Deputy Grand Master. Grand Master Moulton pointed out that awider use, free and spontaneous, of this privilege belonging to every individual Sir Knight as well as to every Grand or Subordinate Commandery would give opportunity for the expression of much fine sentiment and for the cultivation of affectionate loyalty and fealty. And that these greetings are not mere form, that they are the expres- sion of real sentiment as reared and fostered in Templary, became clear, when San Fran- cisco, the generous host of 1904, was stricken by earthquake. In the shortest possible time Templary sent to its stricken brethren $48,331.38, Pennsyl- vania making the largest con- tribution, $5,585.75, and Illi- noisbeing second with$4, 63 1 .00. Of new Commanderies created the most interesting is Mexico City, No. I, formed under dispensation granted August 21, 1905. Since the annexa- tion of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, this is the only Commandery under the jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment, outside of the territory of the United States proper. To the list of Grand Commanderies was added the State of South CaroHna, which, as has been previously shown, exhibits some of the oldest Templar work on record. This Grand Command- ery was organized under warrant of the M. E. Grand Master on March 25, 1907, so as to be able to participate in its new capacity in the Conclave soon to follow. When at length, on Sunday, July 7th, the Grand Encamp- ment assembled at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and proceeded to attend the divine service, wherewith blessing is wont to be invoked upon the com- ing sessions of the Grand Encampment in solemn Conclave, this was the GEORGE MAYHEW MOULTON Grand Master, 1004 to 1007 j^=3© XXX TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. Reviewing Stand St. Bernard Co^LMANDERY, No. 35, Chicago, III. THE 30TH TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE 93 first time in wellnigh fifty years that the Grand Encampment was holding an official assembly in New York State. It was a different gathering, and the old Empire State was prepared to give it a different welcome from the hearty but unprepared one given to the hastily arranged Conclave at New York City in 1862. The service was impressive and its effect was height- ened by a Grand Sacred Concert given in the Convention Hall on Sunday evening. On Tuesday, July gth, the formal opening of the Conclave was preceded by the usual parade, which was splendidly conducted by E. Sir Edwin C. Hall, Grand Captain General of New York. Governor Hughes, the Mayor of Saratoga Springs, Sir Knight Brackett, and the Grand Commander of New York, Sir Knight A. P. Knapp, spoke warm words of welcome, to which Deputy Grand Master Sir Knight Henry Warren Rugg, made appropriate response in behalf of M. E. Grand Master Moulton. The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Euston and staff again graced the meeting by his visitation, as did Sir Knight John B. Tresidder, M. E. and Supreme Grand Master of the Great Priory of Canada, both of whom were honored by the most hearty and appropriate reception. Thereupon the Grand Encampment proceeded to its labors. From the results of these it is well worth while to give a small gleaning. In regard to Grand Master Moulton's innovation above described, it is interesting to note the report of the Committee on Doings of Grand Officers: "We especially note, with our highest approval, the considerate action of the Grand Master, in in- augurating a system of Annual Reports to the members of the Grand En- campment of his official transactions in his high office. It more widely disseminates knowledge, arouses greater interest and stimulates deeper thought regarding the general, as well as the special interests of the Order. We further approve it as tending to economize valuable time in Conclave, and as a further aid in that direction, we are heartily pleased with the manner of arrangement of appurtenant matter, by attaching the same to the address as an appendix. We commend the system in toto to his suc- cessors in office." Of the seventeen decisions of Grand Master Moulton all but one received approval. The able report of Grand Recorder John A. Gerow showed that there were under the jurisdiction of the Grand En- campment forty-six Grand Commanderies comprising 1,201 Commander- ies; eight Commanderies Subordinate to the Grand Encampment, these being situated in three States: Delaware, Nevada and Utah, beside which there is one each in Hawaii and Mexico; the number of Knights belonging 94 SECOND PERIOD OF MODERN ERA, 1880-1907 to these bodies amounted to 172,149. No less able nor less gratifying was the report of Grand Treasurer H. Wales Lines. This exhibits the total resources of the Grand Encampment as $79,129.13, of which $43,514.42 falls to the General Fund, $3,598.15 to the Emergency Fund, and $32,- 016.56 to the Permanent Fund. The total earnings in dividends from 1886 to 1907 was shown to be $26,692.53, these earnings having increased from a sum of $1,178.23 for the triennial period 1886-1889 to $6,931.77 for the period 1904- 1907. The foreign relations of the Order fostered by the visitation of the highest heads of the Order were well taken care of under the able guiding hand of Sir Knight John Corson Smith. Under his ad- vice upon report of the Committee on Jurisprudence appropriate steps were taken toward the conclusion of a Concordat embracing all the Grand Bodies of the Order throughout the world. Nor was the expression by the Order of proper, patriotic feeling at home forgotten. Grand Com- mander Albert F. Schoch, in behalf of his Commandery, broaching the subject of introducing a reference to the American flag into the Ritual. While these matters were being debated in the sessions, and in the intervals between sessions as well as at the close of the sessions, the social and display side was not being neglected. In the competitive drill St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35, of Chicago, which had been second in 1904, took first prize. Nor were the Fraters and citizens of Saratoga Springs slack in providing entertainment for the visiting hosts, excursions and drives setting forth the beauties of their "village" and its surroundings, often with one of the numerous places of pleasure and amusement as the objective, banquets, etc., etc. In short, everything in the power of a hospitality which knows no stint, was done to make the stay of the Grand Encampment and all the visiting Sir Knights so agreeable that they might part with regret and remember with gratification. In the election of officers the honor of the Grand Mastership fell to the lot of the late lamented Rev. Sir Knight Henry Warren Rugg. And when the time came to select the time and place of the next Conclave, the committee on that subject reported as follows: "To the. Officers and Members of the Grand Encampment oi KnigJits Templar: "Your Committee on Time and Place beg leave to report that invitations have been received from Los Angeles, Cal., Atlantic City, N. J., and Chicago, 111. After careful consideration, we unanimously THE 30TH TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE 95 recommend the second Tuesday in August as the time and Chicago, 111., as the place for the Triennial Conclave of this Grand Encampment in 1910. Respectfully submitted, Erastus C. Knight Edwin Chamberlain William Carman Wilson T. Fleming Commitice^' The report of the committee was adopted on the first ballot, Chicago receiving 163 ballots out of a total of 295, while Los Angeles received 71 and Atlantic City 61. SIR JOHN DURHAM CLEVELAND, R. E. Grand Coriander of Illinois President of the Triennial and Executive Committees CHAPTER VIII ELABORATE PREPARATIONS MADE FOR THE HOLDING OF THE GREATEST CONCLAVE IN TEMPLAR HISTORY HE movement which resulted in the decision of the Grand Encampment that closed our last chapter, arose in Chicago in the early days of the month of March, 1907, — emanat- ing from a number of devoted Sir Knights of that city and from the Chicago Association of Commerce. Thus, it may well be said, that it was the hospitable heart and spirit, not only of the Sir Knights of Chicago and Ilhnois, but of the great City of Chicago as well, from which came the impulse that re- sulted in the invitation to the Grand Encamp- ment to hold its Thirty-first Triennial Conclave at Chicago, 111. The man in whom this rising movement centered, — who may well be described as its chief moving spirit, was the Eminent Sir Knight Thomas Albert Stevens. At his instance and invitation a meeting of representatives from all the Commanderies of Cook County, Illinois, took place at the Chicago Athletic Association on June 8, 1907. Rt. Em. Sir Kt. Albert E. Schoch, then Grand Commander of Illinois, was elected Chairman of the meeting and Em. Sir Kt. John Durham Cleveland, Secretary. This meeting unanimously resolved: "That, on behalf of the Commanderies of Knights Templar of Cook County and Illinois, an invitation be extended to the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America to hold its Thirty-first Triennial Conclave in 1 910 in the City of Chicago, and that the Right Eminent Grand Commander of Illinois be authorized and requested to extend this invitation and that the representatives of Illinois be requested to support the same." This resolution was submitted to the Commanderies of Illinois, and in the chorus of assent and approval, which followed, there was no dissenting voice. How well Rt. Em. Sir Schoch and his aides carried out the wishes of his constituents, how ably and efficiently he impressed the Grand En- campment with the heartiness of the invitation of Illinois and Chicago and their Sir Knights, with the warmth of welcome that lay assured therein, OFFICERS OF THE TRIENNIAL AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES Andrew J. Redmond, 1st Vice-Chairman Homer A. Stillwell, 2nd \'ice-Chairman John D. Cle\'ELand, Chairman Benjamin S. Wilson, Secretary Nelson N. Lampert, Treasurer EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONSTITUTED 99 with Chicago's abihty to make good the most generous welcome, all this cannot be better illustrated than by the unhesitating acceptance of the Grand Encampment, as set forth at the close of the previous chapter. With the news of the success of his mission Sir Knight Schoch returned to Chicago. The men who had framed the resolution on June 8th were called together for another meeting in the Grand Recorder's office on Sep- tember 6, 1907. Sir Knight Schoch made official report of the action of the Grand Encampment at Saratoga Springs in accepting the invitation ten- dered by Chicago and Illinois, and was thereupon authorized by unanimous vote of those present "to appoint an Executive Committee whose duty it should be to arrange for the entertainment of the Conclave and transact the business in connection therewith." The result was a Committee com- posed of the following men : Members at Large John D. Cleveland James B. McFatrich William L. Sharp George M. Moulton Holman G. Purinton Sylvester 0. Spring John C. Smith Albert F. Schoch Gil. W. Barnard James P. Sherwin Smyth Crooks Hon. Fred A. Busse From the Commanderies of Cook County Nelson N. Lampert Apollo Commandery, No. i Wm. A. Stebbins Chicago Commandery, No. 19 Frank C. Roundy St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35 Thomas A. Stevens .... Chevalier Bayard Commandery, No. 52 Milton E. Robinson Montjoie Commandery, No. 53 Andrew J. Redmond Siloam Commandery, No. 54 Clarence A. Shamel Evanston Commandery, No. 58 Benjamin S. Wilson Englewood Commandery, No. 59 Albert W. McLaughlin Calumet Commandery, No. 62 Gorham B. Coffin Columbia Commandery, No. 63 Edward J. Brundage .... Lincoln Park Commandery, No. 64 Lewis F. Childs St. Elmo Commandery, No. 65 J. Fred McGuire Illinois Commandery, No. 72 After these appointments had been approved and ratified by the various and several Commanderies of Cook County, this Executive Com- mittee met, constituted itself and elected officers, as follows: John D. Cleveland Chairman James B. McFatrich .... ist Vice-Chairman James P. Sherwin 2d Vice- Chairman Nelson N. Lampert Treasurer Benjamin S. Wilson Secretary loo PREPARATIONS FOR THE 31ST CONCLAVE How this Committee started out on its work, added to itself the aides it needed, and how they then worked together with the various sub-com- mittees to the common end, is well brought out by several articles from the "Constitution and Rules" adopted for "the Executive and Subordinate Committees having in charge the Celebration of the Thirty-first Tri- ennial Conclave." Article I, Sec. i reads: "The Triennial Committee shall consist of a President, First and Second Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, together with twenty-five members, officers included, and such other members to be added as hereinafter provided." Sec. 2 shows the connection of the Triennial with the Executive Committee: "The Officers of the Triennial Committee shall be ex-officio Chairman, First and Second Vice-Chairmen, Secretary and Treasurer, respectively, of the Executive Committee." The implications of this connection are displayed in the following: "Article V. The Executive Committee shall have control of its membership and the several committees appointed by said Executive Committee." * * * "Article VH. The Executive Committee shall have power to fill all vacancies which may occur in its membership, or in the membership of the Triennial Committee ; to approve the appoint- ment of the membership of the Triennial Committee; to appoint the several Committees, and name the Chairman of each; to forfeit the membership of any member of the Triennial or Executive Committee; to appoint such special committees from time to time as may be deemed proper." "Article VIII. All contracts entered into by the several sub- committees, and all expenditures of money must be made subject to the approval of the Executive Committee." How the necessary number of Knights for the arduous and extensive tasks in hand was secured is brought out in Article IX : "The Triennial Committee shall add to its membership in the following manner: Three Sir Knights and one additional for each fifty Sir Knights or fraction thereof from each Commandery in Cook County in accordance with the returns for 1907, which shall be submitted to the Executive Committee for its approval, and upon such approval being given said Sir Knights shall become members of the Triennial Com- mittee. Upon the disapproval of any Sir Knights by the Executive the Commandery shall be requested to furnish another name." And so, from the time that the welcome news of the Grand Encamp- ment's acceptance of their invitation had been received, these men worked and toiled vigorously, eagerly, willingly, — for three years and more, up to and beyond the time of the Triennial Conclave of 1910. Though credit is due to all, and the Rt. Em. Sir John D. Cleveland would be the EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONSTITUTED loi last to claim any special credit for himself, yet it should be stated that his selection for the difficult and responsible post of Chairman of the Tri- ennial and Executive Committee, and his retention of this trying position with the full approval of all the Fraters working under and with him, was by no means a mere accident. He was the man pre-eminently fitted for the office. With untiring energy and yet with the most skillful tact, also, he kept his hand upon the pulse of every situation, followed every mo\'e, and knew how to inspire each chairman of each sub-committee and the men under him with the spirit that gives its best efforts and full measure of them; all this task-masterly labor he accomplished without once deviating from that high and unvarying Knightly courtesy, which is one of Tem- plary's greatest ideals. How his labors were appreciated by the Grand Encampment, as well as by the Fraters about, will appear from the report of the Grand Encampment's Triennial Committee, which forms a part of this chapter. But if we praise the head, neither must we forget the mem- bers. Before giving the full roll of honor of those who worked and toiled for the success of the greatest Templar Conclave in history, one word more must be said in explanation of several differences, which will appear in the final makeup of the Triennial Committee and its aides, from that which has been mentioned above. The name of James P. Sherwin will not appear as Second Vice-Chairman nor as Chairman of the Official Badge Committee. The reason for this appears upon the minutes of March ii, 1909, when it was announced that Frater Sherwin had been called by death from his labors here to the rest in the great Asylum above. The departure of this earnest worker was greath' mourned by the Fraters assembled, and resolutions, expressive of their esteem and sorrow, were passed. His place as Second Vice-Chairman was acceptably filled by Sir Knight Homer A. Stillwell and his place on the Official Badge Committee by Sir Knight Everett L. Haynes. Another valuable member, taken by death from his arduous labors and his responsible position as Vice-Chairman of the Finance Committee was Sir Knight George T. Robie. His death was announced August 12, 1909, whereupon resolutions, expressing the Fraters' sorrow and the honor in which they held him, were passed. Sir Knight Fred L. Wilk was chosen as his successor. On March 10, 1910, Sir Knight James B. McFatrich sent in his resignation as First Vice-Chairman of both the Executive and Triennial Committees and as chairman of the Entertain- ment Committee on the ground that he was sailing for Europe on April 20th, to be gone until late in September, and therefore would not be able Sylvester O. Spring Chester S. Gurney Arthur M. Otman William L. Sharp Louis A. Mills Andrew L. Anderson Harris A. Wheeler Fred L. Wilk Thomas A. Parker Harry H. Cleaveland Stuart E. Pierson Thomas A. Stevens Joseph B. Sanborn LeRoy T. Steward Edward R. Roe Harry A. Dever John Corson Smith Smyth Crooks Fred E. Trotter Albert F. Schoch Gorham B. Coffin J. Fred McGuire Milton E. Robinson Albert W. McLaughlin William E. Watt Edward J. Brundage Acors W. Rathbun Franklin P. Dean Frank VV. Stahl Fred A. Busse Frank C. Roundy William A. Stebbins George M. Moulton Edward L. Johnson Everett L. Haynes Holman G- Purinton Eben E. Roberts William C. Burmester ROLL OF HONOR loS to participate in any of the doings of the Conclave. Em. Sir Andrew J. Redmond was elected to the vacated First Vice-Chairmanship.* The Chairmanship of the Entertainment Committee was given to Sir Knight Acors W. Rathbun. Finally, on March 24, 1910, Sir Knight H. E. L. Doggett found it impossible to continue in his position as Chairman of the Hotel Committee, and this was added to the many duties and honors that fell upon the strong and well-deserving shoulders of General Harris A. Wheeler. So the roll of honor as finally constituted reads as follows: John D. Cleveland. Homer A. StilUvell, Andrew L. Anderson William C. Burmester Gorham B. Coffin Chester S. Gurney Harry A. Dever J. Fred McGuire Thomas A. Parker Acors W. Rathbun Edward R. Roe William L. Sharp Frank W. Stahl LeRoy T. Steward William E. Watt EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman Andrew J. Redmond, Second Vice-Chairman Benjamin Nelson N. Lampert, Treasurer Fred A. Busse Louis F. Childs Smyth Crooks Everett L. Havnes Louis A. Mills" Albert W. McLaughlin Stuart E. Pierson Eben E. Roberts Frank C. Roundy John C. Smith William A. Stebbins Joseph B. Sanborn Harris A. Wheeler First Vice-Chairman S. Wilson, Secretary Edward J. Brundage Harry H. Cleavcland Franklin P. Dean Edward L. Johnson George M. Moulton Arthur M. Otman Holman G. Purinton Milton E. Robinson Albert F. Schoch Sylvester O. Spring Thomas A. Stevens Fred E. Trotter Fred L. Wilk AUDIT AND APPROVAL COMMITTEE William Alexander Stebbins, Chairman William H. Schmidt, \'ice-Chairman Fred M. Ramsev BANQUET COMMITTEE William Leslie Sharp, Chairman John A. Gauger, Vice-Chairman Cyrus C. Collins Leroy A. Goddard Charles _L. Goodspced George S. Haskell Nelson N. Lampert George Pelley CARRIACiE AND AUTO COMMITTEE Harry A. Dever, Chairman Charles V. Becker John P. Garner Clarence F. Dubien William H. Manss William H. Dellenback M. D. Mac Nab Franklin P. Dean William E. Holmes Albert J. Carr, Vice-Chairman George F. Saunders Hiram L. Wiltz Charles P. Woodcock *Although I have had no further part in the composition of this book, upon reading this section, I finrj that Em. Sir A.J. Redmond has given full credit to all the prominent members of the Executive and Triennial Committee, excepting himself. Recognizing his tactful modesty, I, the undersigned, cannot permit this opportunity to pass without stating that the election of Em. Sir Redmond to the vacated First Vice-Chairmanship was no more than a small recognition due to the earnest and generous spirit, wise counsel and hard work wherewith this eminent and loyal Sir Knight served the Committee throughout, not only in the places to which he was elected or appointed, but in the capacity of legal adviser as well. John Durham Clevel.axd. io6 PREPARATIONS FOR THE 31ST CONCLAVE DECORATIONS AND ELECTRICAL DISPLAY COMMITTEE Gorham B. Coffin, Chairman George Warlick, Vice-Chairman Robert B. Wilcox, Secretary B. L. Anderson E. A. Chapman Chester T. Drake Edward B. Ellicott Harry B. Fleming J. Frank Foster Hans Gantzcl Robert H. Gillespie Samuel A. Kennedy E. W. Lloyd Thomas Melancthon Charles A. Mayo John M. Roach William H. Schroeffel John W. Swatek Arthur A. Thurlby Chris. Van Dcventer George Weston DIVINE SER\'ICE COMMITTEE William Edward Watt, Chairman Elmer E. Matlack David M. Cochran Frank H. Osborn.. ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE Acors W. Rathbun, Chairman John C. Hallenbeck Ervin A. Rice William E. Holmes E. T. Skinkle Christopher C. Crabbe Joseph B. Sanborn EXHIBITION DRILL COMMITTEE George M. Moulton, Chairman George Weidig Benjamin S. Wilson Chester T. Drake August W. Miller Harris A. Wheeler FINANCE COMMITTEE Thomas A. Stevens, Chairman Fred L. Wilk, \'ice-Chairman Frank A. Adkins F. D. Austin Charles I. Barker Howard P. Bishop Edward J. Brundagc Fred A. Busse Amyas L. Carroll Charles B. Cleveland Charles E. Davis Paul G. Dunn Leroy A. Goddard C. Otto Hacrlc Benjamin F. Hill Edward L. Johnson Nelson N. Lampert Phillip H. Mallcn George W. McFatrich F. N. Pease Paul P. Rainer Edward R. Roe Charles B. Scott Wm. H. Scifried George B. Swift Fred W. Upham Martin Allexan Walter C. Avery Marvin S, Bates Harry O. Booth John A. Budd Julius R. Butzow John Cheshire Daniel F. Crilly Harry A. Dever John P. Garner Charles F. Gunther Frederick F. Haigh Roland M. Hollock James E. Keelyn John C. Leppert Cyrus H. Martin Joseph H. Painter F. O. Pctrie Norman G. Ream John E. Russell William C. Shallenberger F. C. Skadan Lewis S. Tenney Louis C. Wagner John Wheeler Willard R. Arnold John J. Badenoch Albert L. Bentley Berkley Brandt William C. Burmester Daniel A. Campbell Bert W. Crissey Clarence F. DuBien Robert H. Gillespie Cxeorge J. Haberer W. H. Hendrickson John Hosbury F. W. Krengel Parker M. Lewis William B. Moak Howard E. Patterson Warren (j. Purdy Alexander H. Revell George F. Saunders Theo" P. Siddall Homer A. Stillwell Henry S. Tiffany Edward Watkins FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE John Corson Smith, Chairman Harris A. Wheeler, Vice-Chairman Chester S. Gurney ROLL OF HONOR lo;; GRAND STAND COMMITTEE Eben E. Roberts, Chairman Harris W. Huehl, Vice-Chairman Berkeley Brandt Harry A. Dever W. J. Downey Charles H. Cubbon William L. Klewer Hervey E. Kecler J. Frank Foster Frank E. Locke August W. Miller Parker M. Lewis Joseph A. Painter Joseph W. Taylor E. M. Newman Renfrew Turner A. Wetterberg Fred E. Trotter John Wheeler Fred A. Busse Amyas L. Carroll HALLS AND PA\TLION COMMITTEE Harris A. Wheeler, Chairman Joseph H. MacDonald, Vice-Chairman Charles I. Barker Henry F. Comstock Bert W. Crissey Murdoch Campbell Chris F. Hafner F. W. Krengcl Abram D. Gash Robert C. McManus William S. Peavey Elijah E, Mills William H. Schroeffel Clifford D. Taylor Charles L. Russ Henry S. Tiffany Marvin S. Bates Gustav A. Brandt HORSE AND HORSE EQUIPMENT COMMITTEE William C. Burmester, Chairman Harry O. Booth Bert W. Crissey Robert J. Daly J. E. Gillies Charles G. Johnson Walter J. Fisher Alfred Ct. Lanio William H. Mooney Joseph A. Painter Fred J. Schroeter Samuel H. Smith W. R. Titzel James R. Vincent Frank E. White HOTEL COMMITTEE Harris A. Wheeler, Chairman H. H. Blake, \'ice-Chairman E. W. Adkinson George A. Donnelly Cyrus H. Martin Aaron G. Dicus James E. Kcclyn Chas. C. Offerman John Johnston Chauncey F. Newkirk W. H. Schroeffel Frank W. McNally W. H. Pool F. E. Sorensen William S. Peavey John T. Bullen J. C. Williams Robert E. L. Brooks Urbinc J. Herrmann HEALTH AND SANITATION COMMITTEE Albert W. McLaughlin, Chairman Martin B. Arnold Raymond L. Leonard L. L. Hertel Calvin T. Hood Henry Pratt F. D. O'Brien Wallace Blanchard MUSIC COMMITTEE Milton E. R(jbinson, Chairman William E Watt, Vice-Chairman Frank G. Barnard Joseph H. MacDonald Alfred Gossmith Charles W. Kuhn Alexander H. Revell George W. McFatrich Frank Ransford Fred E. Trotter Joseph W. Taylor James Todd Robert Burns Wilson Herman O. Weege A. L. Blackwood OFFICIAL BADGE COMMITTEE Everett L. Haynes, Chairman F. N. Pease, \'ice-Chairman Frank G. Barnard Joseph H. MacDonald Edwin J. Sherwin Parker M. Lewis J. W. Schmidt Frank W. Stahl W. H. Pool Evelyn P. Sperry Fred E. Trotter Wm. H. Seifried Joseph W. Taylor George H. Tucker H. A. Swanzey Frank H. Hague Charles W. Walduck Charles V. Becker Amos Pettibone io8 ROLL OF HONOR PARADE COMMITTEE Holman G. Purinton, Chairman Harris A. Wheeler, Vice-Chairman Will H. Clark J. Frank Foster August W. Miller W. K. Steele Elliott Durand M. L. C. Funkhouser John M. Roach LeRoy T. Steward Benjamin S. Wilson W. H. Whigham William A. Evans Robert R. Hertzog Joseph B. Sanborn Homer A. Stillwell James Abbey Peter Brown Alexander W. Burt William Crozier Charles K. Hertz Philip Miller George McGowan John Reich Orlando P. Tidd Frank T. Aldenhoevel POLICE COMMITTEE LeRoy T. Steward, Chairman William H. Brundagc Samuel Collins Charles C. Healy Joseph M. Johnson Richard J. Murphy Edward W. Perry George M. Rowe Charles E. VanDusen Henry Atzel James Babcock Thomas Costello C. Otto Haerle James Johnston Thomas McKibben Leroy Peckham George Scrivner John Wheeler James Zimmer PROMOTION AND PUBLICITY COMMITTEE Andrew J. Redmond, Chairman Howard E. Patterson, Vice-Chairman Charles I. Barker Albert C. Firlcke Ralph E. Lidster A. P. C. Matson George F. Saunders H. H. Blake H. B. Goldthwaite Joseph H. Macauley Court Roy Merrill ' Oscar F. Schmidt John A. Budd Everett L, Hayncs Nathan Maher Peter Newton W. H. Schroeffel John W. Swatek Lewis S. Tenney RECEPTION AND ESCORT COMMITTEE. Benjamin S. Wilson, Chairman Ralph E. Lidster, Vice-Chairman Chas. W. Waldeck, Secretary Jacob L. Albright George A. Eddy W. J. Fisher C. Otto Hearle Roland M. Hollock Frank E. Johnson Court R. Merrill Joseph A. Painter Edward R. Roe Charles B. Scott A. Schmidt H. C. Warne C. F. Allen John C. Edgerton William P. George Chris F. Hafner Robert Johnson Milo Lehman. Chauncey F. Newkirk Acors W. Rathbun E. H. Switzer Samuel H. Smith Arthur H. Vincent H. T. West, Jr. F. H. Barringer C. H. Faitz George J. Habberer F. E. Hcmpstrect Edward L. Johnson H. R. Lundblad Frank M. Pierce William J. Roberts Joseph W. Schmidt John W. Swatek J. H. Wilkins W. H. Whigham TRANSPORTATION AND BAGGAGE COMMITTEE Frank C. Roundy, Chairman S. A. Hutchinson, Vice-Chairman Charles W. Alcock Frank G. Barnard William A. Boatman John Heist H. A. Swanzey Fred E. Trotter Wm. W. W. Arthur Charles V. Becker Julius R. Butzow Clarence R. Manzer Joseph W. Taylor William H. Wade Robert B. Wilson UNITED STATES MAIL SERVICE Charles I. Barker Clayton O. Billow John L. Ferguson Fred J. Schroter A. Torpe, Jr. Edward Watkins D. Jack Foster \VI\'ES OF THE GRAN'D OFFICERS OF ILLINOIS, 1910 Mrs. a. L. Anderson Mrs. \Vm. L. Sharp Mrs. St. E. Pierson Mrs J. D. Cleveland Mrs. II. H. Cleaveland Mrs. a. J. Redmond Mrs. C. S. Gurney Mrs. L. a. Mills Mrs. T. A. Stevens Mrs. a. M. Oiman no PREPARATIONS FOR THE 31ST CONCLAVE And to these must be added another roll of those who have done so much toward bringing about and maintaining that brightness, that sweet- ness and purity, that high moral tone for which modern Templar Con- claves and Conventions are becoming justly famed, — THE WOMAN'S AUXILIARY COMMITTEE Mrs. John D. Cleveland, Chairman Mrs. W. L. Sharp, Vicc-Chairman Mrs. T. A. Stevens, Vice-Chairman Mrs. Harry H. Cleaveland Mrs. Mrs. Arthur M. Otman Mrs. Mrs. Stewart E. Pierson Mrs. Mrs. Thomas A. Parker Mrs. Mrs. S. O. Spring Mrs. Mrs. Harris A. Wheeler Mrs. Mrs. Louis A. Mills Mrs. Mrs. Andrew J. Redmond Mrs. Mrs. Andrew L. Anderson Mrs. Mrs. Chester S. Gurney Mrs. Mrs. George M. Moulton Mrs. Mrs. Smyth Crooks Mrs. Mrs. John C. Smith Mrs. Mrs. J. G. Elwood Mrs. Mrs. Albert F. Schoch Mrs. Mrs. Joseph E. Dyas Mrs. Mrs. Charles P. Kane Mrs. Mrs. Henry H. Montgomery Mrs. Mrs. Henry L. Whipple Mrs. Mrs. George H. MacAdam Mrs. Everett L. Haynes Mrs. George Warlick Mrs. A. J. Roe Mrs. John C. Leppert Mrs. C. Otto Haerle Mrs. Frank P. Dean Mrs. E. J. Sherwin Mrs. James W. Parker Mrs. Harris W. Huehl Mrs. L. S. Tenney Mrs. Charles B. Scott Mrs. John C. Edgerton Mrs. Milton E. Robinson Mrs. William H. Pool Mrs. L. D. McMichael A'Irs. John P. Garner Mrs. Eben E. Roberts Mrs. William H. Schroeffel Mrs. Robert B. Wilson Mrs. Howard E. Patterson Mrs. A. P. C. Matson A. E. Dunn Wirt E. Humphrey Benjamin S. Wilson Alfred Grossmith Ralph E. Didster Charles W. Walduck Frank E. Locke Frank A. Adkins Roland M. HoUock William C. Burmester J. W. Schmidt Frank G. Barnard Charles I. Barker J. Fred McGuire Chauncey F. Newkirk Harrv A. Dever William E. Watt John A. Budd Cyrus H. Martin Nor may we, in thinking of those who helped to make the Conclave of 1910 a success and an event to be long remembered, forget those who on the side of the Grand Encampment worked to that end, the Triennial Conclave Committee of the Grand Encampment. What they did is amply set forth in their report to the Grand Encampment, a report of whose praise Illinois and Chicago, especially those Fraters above men- tioned, who devoted much time and labor to preparation for this Conclave, may be justly proud. The report is given in full: "To the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America: "Your Triennial Conclave Committee, appointed at the Conclave of July, 1907, to arrange for the comfort and proper entertainment of the members of the Grand Encampment and their ladies, and that of Sub- ordinate Commanderies and their ladies, beg to report. "Under the direction of the Grand Master of the Grand Encampment the chairman of this committee notified the Triennial Conclave Committee, of the City of Chicago, that as soon as said committee was ready to take up its work of preparation for the Thirty-first Conclave, the Committee of the COMMITTEE OF THE GRAND ENCAMPMENT iii Grand Encampment, through its chairman, would make known the require- ments of the Grand Master, in behalf of the Grand Encampment. It was in the spring of 1908 that the Chicago local Triennial Committee was organized, with R. E. Sir John Durham Cleveland, then Deputy Grand Commander of Illinois, as president. Early in July, 1 908, our chairman met with the Chicago Executive Committee. Assurances were given that the railroad rates of fare would be as low, and the limit of the tickets and time of extension as satis- factory as those granted any of the larger fraternities or conventions meeting in Chicago. The promises in regard to railroad rates were fully complied with, and we have heard of no complaints on that score. The Hotel Com- mittee presented copies of contracts made with all the hotels of Chicago, in which it was stipulated that the regular daily rates of the hotels should prevail during the meeting of the Triennial of 1910. The official head- quarters of the Grand Master, officers and committees of the Grand En- campment were placed at the Congress-Annex Hotel, it being at the time the largest and best hotel in Chicago. A contract was made with the same hotel giving the Grand Encampment the option, until November i, 1908, — four months, — of not less than two hundred rooms for the accommodation of the Grand Commanderies and the members of the Grand Encamp- ment, and ladies accompanying them, leaving each Grand Commandery to select its own rooms and make its own contracts if desired. Our committee secured accommodation for the Grand Master, officers and committees, contracting with the Congress Hotel and Annex for thirty rooms at reasonable rates. Each Grand Commander was notified of the action of the Grand Encampment Committee, under date of July 30th, and many availed themselves of the option very promptly. Within a few days after notification one Grand Commandery made an offer to a large hotel for rooms at prices double those usually charged. This action and the cupidity of some of the hotel managers led to a violation of the agree- ment of the hotel men to maintain regular daily rates, and the local hotel committee found itself unable to stop the making of contracts at advanced rates, as many Grand and Subordinate Commanderies persisted in making hotel contracts over the heads and against the advice of the local Templar Committee. "We have heard of no extortionate charges and believe that the Chicago hotel proprietors were, as a rule, fair and satisfactory to their patrons. "The enormous crowd that attended the Conclave quite swept the hotel managers off their feet, and the usual habit of charging to the capac- ity of the room prevailed generally, especially in the case of late comers. 112 PREPARATIONS FOR THE 31ST CONCLAVE We would recommend that the Conclave Committee of 1913, both local and Grand Encampment, require a more rigid form of contract, especially as regards accommodations for Grand Encampment members, and that the hotels of the city selected by the Grand Encampment for its Thirty- second Conclave be required to maintain their regular rates in accordance with the promises so freely made when their invitation was presented in the Grand Encampment. "The treatment accorded the officers and committees of the Grand Encampment by the Congress Hotel Company was in every way satis- factory and in accordance with contract. "The programme of entertainment for the Grand Encampment and for visiting Fraters was all that could be desired, and it has been carried out to the complete satisfaction of all who have been so fortunate as to be attendants upon this splendid Templar reunion. Your committee gladly bears testimony to the uniform courtesy and fraternal kindness shown in the work accomplished. The functions in which the Grand Encamp- ment participated were especially notable. The observance of religious worship on Sunday last, with over twelve hundred Templar participants in full uniform, the parade and escort of Tuesday, with twenty thousand Soldiers of the Cross in line, the splendid banquet of Wednesday evening, the reception of the Grand Commandery of Illinois, the noon-day lunches, given in honor of the members of the Grand Encampment, all these will be memorable for years to come as splendid examples of worship, pag- eantry, and Templar hospitality and courtesy. Your committee provided membership badges for the members of the Grand Encampment, and their distinguished guests, and these have been distributed under the direction of the Grand Recorder to members only. We take pleasure in reporting that the expenses of the committee were but a small portion of the amount appropriated for this Triennial Con- clave. We rented a parlor and rooms to be used as offices during the Grand Encampment by the Grand Master, Grand Recorder, Grand Captain- General, and for the Jurisprudence Committee, the expense being about three hundred dollars. The cost of the membership badges and the incidental expenses of the committee, consisting of postage, printing, stenographer's service, expressage and telegraphing, amounts to less than two hundred and fifty dollars, the bills for these items having been approved by the Grand Master and the Finance Committee. COMMITTEE OF THE GRAND ENCAMPMENT 113 "About twenty meetings were held by the chairman of this committee with the Chicago Conclave Committee, but as the conferences were held at times when business affairs called the chairman to Chicago, the travel- ing expenses did not fall upon the Grand Encampment. "It is with sincere appreciation that we acknowledge the co-operation and knightly courtesies shown our committee, and through us to the Grand Encampment membership, by the very efficient Templar Conclave Com- mittee of Chicago, each member of which proved to be an host within himself under the splendid leadership of Rt. Em. Sir John Durham Cleveland, Grand Commander of Illinois. "The splendid record of success, written indelibly upon the minds and hearts of their grateful guests by our Fraters of Illinois, will be an inspira- tion and incentive to all Conclave Committees of the future. Courteously submitted, William B. Melish Dana J. Flanders holman g. purinton Edwin C. Day George I. McAllister Committee^' What these men were providing for the entertainment of the Grand Encampment, of the accompanying hosts of Sir Knights, and of the un- counted hosts of visitors generally was foreshadowed by the following "Official Programme," issued a few days before the opening of the Con- clave : 114 PREPARATIONS FOR THE 31ST CONCLAVE SUNDAY, AUGUST 7, 1910 Divine Service Orchestra Hall, Chicago 165 Michigan Boulevard V. E. Sir The Rev. George C. Rafter Grand Prelate Grand Encampment of the U. S. Officiating Sermon by Sir Knight The Rev. George H. MacAdam, D. D. Evanston Commandery, No. 58 Em. Sir William Edward Watt, P. C. Mizpah Commandery, No. 73 Musical Director Sir Knight Leroy Irving Wetzel Illinois Commandery, No. 72 Organist Music by the Chicago Templar Quartettes Illinois Imperial Lexington Oriental Weber first tenor second tenor first bass second bass Sir A. P. Rector Sir E. P. Rupert Sir H. H. Smith Sir Harold DeBray Sir W. J. Brown Sir J. F. Bird Sir H. N. Cheatham Sir J. M. Worthington Sir J. R. Mathenv Sir O. F. Dodge Sir A. H. Ranous Sir F. J. Knowles Sir C. H. Ogden Sir E. O. Todd Sir J. R. Chapman Sir W. A. Ward Sir Sam Davis Sir F. W. Holder Sir M. A, Roc Sir W. O. Smith Concert Sacred concert in Grant Park, foot of Congress street, at 8 o'clock in the evening. During the concert the "Official Badge" will be displayed electrically in the park at the foot of Jackson boulevard and the "Templar Way" will be illuminated. OFFICIAL PROGRAMME 115 MONDAY, AUGUST 8th Reception and Escort Em. Sir Benjamin S. Wilson, Commanding An escort of four hundred representing the local Commanderies, one hundred of whom will be mounted, will be constantly on duty. A detach- ment from this Command will be at each of the principal railway stations, accompanied by a military band, to receive visiting Commanderies as they arrive and escort them to their respective hotels. The mounted detail being especially organized to escort the Most Eminent Grand Master, his associate officers of the Grand Encampment, the distinguished guests from the Great Priories of England and Wales and of Canada, and the Grand Commanderies with their official families of the various Grand Jurisdictions of the United States. The entire escort will be on duty from Saturday afternoon until it is merged into the various Commanderies represented to participate in the parade Tuesday morning. Michigan Grand Commandery will receive its friends at Congress Hotel from 8 to 11. MUTUALS The "Mutuals" (Grand Recorders and Correspondents) will attend their Annual Dinner at 4 o'clock p. m. at the Chicago Athletic Club. Concert Military band concert in Grant Park, foot of Congress street, at 8 o'clock. Illumination of "Templar Way" and electric display of the official badge. This will be repeated each evening, including Friday, August i2th. TUESDAY, AUGUST qth Parade and escort to the Grand Encampment, Knights Templar of the United States. Colonel Holman G. Purinton, P. G. C, Marshal. At 10 o'clock a. m. the column, sixteen divisions, will move North on Michigan boulevard from the intersection of Thirtieth street, escorting the ii6 PREPARATIONS FOR THE 31ST CONCLAVE Grand Encampment from that point to the Grand Reviewing Stand in Grant Park, opposite the Music Hall, where the Conclave will be held after the escort has been reviewed by the Grand Master. A reviewing stand will also be placed on the east side of the boulevard near the foot of Madison street, where the parade will be reviewed by the Mayor of Chicago, and one at the south end of the Federal Building on Jackson boulevard, from which the Governor of Illinois will review the column which will move from Jackson boulevard, north on La Salle to Washington street where it will be dismissed, each organization being escorted thence to its rendezvous by an aide, familiar with the city, de- tailed for that especial duty. The Thirty-first Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment will be opened at Music Hall, 203 Michigan boulevard, after the escort has passed in review. An address of welcome will be made by Rt. Em. Sir Cleveland, Grand Commander of Knights Templar of Illinois; by Mayor Fred A. Busse, representing the City of Chicago, and Governor Charles S. Deneen on behalf of the State. Receptions A reception will be given during the evening in the gold room of the Congress Hotel to invited guests by the Rt. Hon., the Earl of Euston, Most Eminent Supreme Pro-Grand Master of the Great Priory of England and Wales. The Grand Commandery of Kentucky will give a reception in the Florentine room, Congress Hotel, from 8 to 12 o'clock. The Grand Commandery of Louisiana will hold a reception at the Hotel Metropole, Michigan boulevard, corner of Twenty-third street. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST ioth Drills The competitive drills, Class I, will be held at the National League Ball Park, Harrison and Lincoln streets, beginning at 10 o'clock in the morning. Detroit Commandery, No. i, Detroit, Mich., will give an ex- hibition drill before the competitive drills begin. OFFICIAL PROGRAMME 117 Union Stock Yards Mizpah Commandery, No. 73, will keep open house during the Con- clave period at its Asylum, 4201 Halsted street. On Wednesday its head- quarters will be at the Inter-national Live Stock Building and Pavilion, which is directly across the street at the Stock Yards, where its members will be on duty in force to act as escort or guides to all who wish to visit the yards, which are well known to be many times more extensive and com- plete than any similar institution in the world. This will enable visitors to include the most interesting points with a minimum of fatigue. Through the intimate business relations of the membership of "Miz- pah" with important interests at the yards, it has been possible to arrange not only for a special welcome to our guests, but an exhibition has been planned embracing equestrian feats, skilled driving of prize-winning horses, tandem, pole and coach teams, four-in-hand and six-horse truck teams, including the "world champion six-horse team." The Commandery, as host on this occasion, has planned to entertain its guests regardless of numbers, and all are invited to test its ability or resources. To visit the yards persons should arrive at the pavilion between 1 130 and 2 130 p. m. The exhibition in the paviHon will be given from 4 130 to 6 o'clock. Banquet Banquet to the officers and members of the Grand Encampment and distinguished guests will be given by the Grand Commandery of Illinois in the Gold room of the Congress Hotel at 6 :3o p. m. Receptions The Grand Commandery of Alabama will hold a reception at the Annex from 8 to 11 o'clock. The Grand Commandery of Minnesota a reception at the Annex from 8 to 10 o'clock. Raper Commandery, No. i, of Indianapolis will tender a reception to all Sir Knights and their ladies at the parlors of the Stratford Hotel. The Grand Commandery of Illinois will give a reception to all Tem- plars and their ladies at the Hotel La Salle main dining room from 9 to 12 o'clock. ii8 PREPARATIONS FOR THE 31ST CONCLAVE THURSDAY, AUGUST iith Drills (Continued) Competitive drills, Class I and Class II will begin at the National League Ball Grounds, prefaced by an exhibition drill by Damascus Com- mandery, No. 42, of Detroit, Mich., at 10 a. m. The drills will probably be concluded and the awards be made at a parade of the winning Commanderies on the lake front. Grant Park, in the early evening. Automobile Ride At 10 o'clock a. m. an automobile ride will be given to the visiting ladies over the park and boulevard system, — a distance of forty miles. The start will be made from Michigan boulevard, opposite the Congress Hotel, returning about 12:30 o'clock. Yacht and Motor Boat Races Races have been planned of yacht and motor boats to take place on Lake Michigan, opposite Grant Park, at i o'clock. Arrangements have been made for guests' boats, particulars with regard to which can be learned from the Information Bureau. Receptions The Grand Commandery of Ohio will tender a reception to the Most Eminent Grand Master, officers and members of the Grand Encampment and distinguished guests from foreign jurisdictions at the banquet hall of the Congress Hotel from 7:30 to 11 o'clock. Display of fireworks on the Lake Front at 8 p. m. Concert, electrical display and illumination in Grant Park. FRIDAY, AUGUST 12TH No special programme has been planned for Friday and Saturday. Those days may be availed of to cater to the varied tastes of the individual visitor. CHAPTER IX CHICAGO DECKED OUT AND READY TO RECEIVE THE GRAND ENCAMPMENT AND THE TEMPLAR HOSTS HE accommodation of the Triennial Conclave of 1S59 did not demand extraordinary resources or efforts. In fact, as lias been pointed out, the Templar gathering of that year in Chicago formed but a very small part of the larger gathering caused by a United States Fair then being held. One hotel was sufficient to hold all of the visiting Sir Knights. In 1880 Chicago had grown to a city of o\'er half a million people. The Templar Order in America had increased accordingly, both in size and in elaboration of its Triennial Concla\'es. When the Order decided in that year to hold its Convention in Chicago, — the second city of the Union, a rank which Chicago has held by a safe margin ever since, — much was expected of the great central metropolis. And Chicago met and surpassed all expectations, as has been set forth in a previous chapter. New records were established along many lines. The Templar ideals and aims were correspondingly heightened and broadened. The Chicago which made ready to welcome the Templar hosts of 1910 was very different indeed from the city which had greeted the visit- ing Sir Knights in 1880. This was now one of the great cities of the world, surpassing by far those towns, fabled or real, which by their enormous size and population had seemed miraculous to the men of ancient times, and had been classed by them as among the great wonders of a wondrous world. Chicago in 1910 had crossed the 2,000,000 mark and was well on its way into the third million. The census returns, the bulk of them com- piled some months previous to the opening of the Conclave, gave it 2,185,283 inhabitants. Although Chicago by no means considers itself as having achieved, as having accomplished its end and attained its growth, as ready to rest on its laurels, any more than this great, growing country with its well-nigh 100,000,000 souls has arrived at or even near its highest point, yet Chicago, keeping pace with the country, has grown to be the very living heart of these United States, vitally participating in every CHICAGO PARK SCENES CHICAGO IN 1910 121 pulse beat which marks the Hfe of this great land, which sends out hfe- energy, tingling, through all its members to the farthest borders. This becomes especially clear in one of the expressions of one of the phases of modern American life, that is, in great conventions and assemblies. Chi- cago has come to be pre-eminently tlic convention city of America; indeed, it will scarcely be too much to say, that it is now the greatest convention city in the world. Its central location; its unsurpassed transportation facilities, both in the numbers of transportation lines that center there, and in the number of trains, cars or boats which these companies run in and out daily, offering easy means of access or egress at all times ; its abil- ity to take care of great hosts of visitors at a moment's notice, both by means of many and great hostelries, and by means of many and great halls and arenas, capable of holding from 500 to 50,000 people at a time; the facilities for reference and object lesson it offers in its four great libra- ries, its excellent museums, its great and excellent markets and industrial centers, etc., etc.; the abundant opportunity it offers for refreshing and edifying diversion and entertainment, either within its limits, or within easy reach, makes it a factor to be considered, whenever American men or women of scientific, industrial, business or social inclination are looking for a place to foregather, to exhibit their wares, exchange their views, or to formulate their aims and purposes. This has been recognized by the people at large, as well as by the citizens of Chicago itself. More than one hundred conventions or assemblies of various sorts are held there every year. This means that most of the people composing these gatherings recognize the advantages of Chicago as a place of assembly. The same thing is shown by the great numbers of visitors attending these conven- tions, when held at Chicago. And the citizens of Chicago make it a point to be prepared for precisely such occasions. The most representative body of Chicago's enterprising citizens, the Association of Commerce afore- mentioned, makes it a feature of its work to encourage such gatherings and to give all the assistance in their power toward their successful consum- mation. To this body also, as the representati\'e of the citizenship at large of Chicago, and especially to its able ambassador, Charles W. Treat, must be given no small share of the credit for securing the holding of one of the greatest conventions ever held, the Templar Conclave of 1910 at Chicago. And for the holding of this Convention Chicago was not content to offer merely its ordinary every-day advantages, which have secured and do secure for it so many assembhes and make of them unrivaled occasions of ENTRANCE ARCH GRAND COMMANDERY ARCH TEMPLAR WAY ILLINOIS AND CHICAGO TEMPLARS' DISPLAYS 123 success. For what promised to be one of the greatest events of this nature for this city, ricli in similar experiences, Chicago was willing to deck her- self out in her best. The Grand Commandery of Illinois and the Templar Knights of Chicago did all in their power to exhibit to their mother, the Grand En- campment, and to their Praters from other cities and other States, their city in its best attire. The decorations and electrical displays were feat- ures of the Conclave which created a picture long to be remembered by each visiting Sir Knight, and cherished as the memory of a most beautiful and pleasing conception. The iirst attraction was the Entrance Arch erected on Michigan boulevard, south of the Blackstone Hotel. This structure was in the form of an ancient battlement and, with its towers and turrets beautifully illuminated at night, presented a most magnificent picture. It represented the entrance to the city, and as the column, composed of thousands of Knights Templar, proceeded north on Michigan boulevard, passing through the arch, buglers stationed upon its heights heralded the approach of each grand division of the parade. The grand stand, one- half mile in length, erected just north of this arch, was appropriately decorated and, when filled with the ladies of the Sir Knights, made a scene of beauty such as this country never before witnessed. The "Templar Way" on State street, extended from Randolph to Van Buren street upon each side of the street, built of massive Corinthian columns of pure white, thirty-three feet apart, and surmounted with globes studded with stars. The columns were twenty-one feet in height and the caps and globes were illuminated at night with a large number of electric lamps. Between the columns was festooned the natural laurel with green lights one foot apart invisible in the daytime. In the center of each festoon a circle three feet in diameter contained a bright red cross. The trolley poles were decorated with a shield and coat of arms of the Order draped with Beauseants, all of which were illuminated at night, so that the "Templar Way" will never be forgotten by our visitors, as it presented a night scene of wonder and amazement. Beautiful festoonings extended west on Jackson boule- vard to La Salle street, thence north on La Salle street to the Hotel La Salle, which was the headquarters of the Grand Commandery of Ilhnois. At this point the lUinois Grand Commandery Arch of pure white decorated with a myriad of lights completing the illumination of the "Templar Way," spanned La Salle street at the north end of the hotel. The sculpture work on this arch was a specimen of the highest art. Mounted Knights, measuring fourteen feet in height, placed upon the Q Q is CHICAGO'S PREPARATION 125 topmost portion of the structure, paid a grand tribute to the Order of Knights Templar and tlie Grand Commandery of IlHnois. Another imposing structure, 130 feet high, supporting the Official Badge, was erected in Grant Park opposite the Congress Hotel, the headcjuarters of the Grand Encampment of the United States. Five thousand electric lights illuminated this structure in the colors of our emblem. The vari- ous parts, such as the Mounted Knights, the Eagle, etc., were depicted in action, and presented an illuminating feature such as the world never before witnessed. The grand stand, the largest ever erected, accommodated 50,000 people. In the center of this tremendous stand was the of&cial reviewing stand representing a gorgeous throne. Two additional reviewing stands were erected, one in Grant Park north of the Art Institute for the Mayor, members of the City Council and Park Commissioners ; another on Jackson boulevard near the Federal Building for the Governor of Illinois and his staff. Nor was this all. For not only the Templar Knights were decorating Chicago to receive their revered governing body, all Chicago was pre- paring to receive one of the most honored guests it had ever been its lot to entertain. Accordingly, it was literally true that thousands of miles of decorations were to be seen in Chicago as the visiting Templar hosts filed in. Not only were the great business and public buildings in the heart of the city, the "Loop District," lavishly and expensively adorned, to enhance the effectiveness and impressiveness of the decorations provided by the Templars themselves. In all the hundred odd square miles of the city there was not a street, scarcely a block, in which shops, factories, private residences did not display their share of Templar colors, of Templar emblems, of tokens of welcome. All of the great newspapers of Chicago daily featured the Conclave and gave to it much space in description and high-class illustra- tion, and each of them issued an extraordinarily beautiful and appro- priately illustrated special Conclave number. The impression produced by the whole may well be summed up in the words of a writer in "The Missouri Freemason" : "The Thirty-first Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encamp- ment of Knights Templar was held in Chicago this last week and deserves more than passing comment for many reasons. It was the greatest in the history of the Order in the world. It was held in one of the biggest cities of the Union ; it was attended by the largest delegations of Grand and Sub- ordinate bodies in the history of Grand Encampments; the breadth and depth of Western hospitality were extended without stint or limit; the DECORATIONS IN THE "LOOP DISTRICT' CHICAGO'S PREPARATION 127 parade was the greatest demonstration of peace the world has ever wit- nessed; the decorations, illuminations and provisions made for the comfort and entertainment of her guests by the Chicago Knights and other citi- zens, the most magnificent the minds of men have ever planned; all com- bining to fill with pride the hearts of those participating in perpetuating the message of good will and high purpose to which by solemn oaths all Knights Templar are consecrated." And this strikes another chord in the preparation made by Chicago for her noble guests. Not only did she plan and design to dehght their eye and their esthetic sense by display of beauty and splendor; she was con- cerned for their safety and comfort as well. That she provided lavishly over and above the daily necessities for physical well-being goes without saying. And as for sanitation, it is now a well-known fact that Chicago is one of the healthiest cities in the world. But there is one phase of a big city's life, connected with every influx of strangers and visitors from outside, which deserves especial attention. However well the stranger may be cared for otherwise, being a stranger there is always for him the danger of harm coming to him through the work of criminals or by accident. How well this matter was taken care of at the Triennial Conclave of 1910, with its unprecedented concourse of visitors in one of the largest cities of the world, how ably this situation was handled by one of the most eflicient Chiefs of the Police Department Chicago has ever had. Sir Knight LeRoy T. Steward, and his aides from the Templar and from the police force, is well set forth in the proud record, which Colonel Steward could inscribe upon his report of the occasion: "There were but five cases of pickpockets reported for the week of the Conclave, and for the entire period of the Con- clave crime, as reported to the police within the entire loop district from Twelfth street to Chicago avenue and west to Halsted street, embraced but three burglaries, twelve cases of robbery and five pickpockets, — this being the record for more than two square miles of territory, and included the entire district that practically any of the visiting Sir Knights covered on the day of the parade. There were within the loop district for the same period but thirteen accidents, one of which was fatal." What this means in a district where millions of people, hundreds of thousands of them strangers, were passing and repassing, entering and leaving, at all times of day and night, might well be appreciated by all who know the life of a big city. And this does not include the service rendered by Sir Knight Steward and his aides and officers in the great parade. When it is further stated that all this was done practically without any extra expense to an)- CHICAGO PARK SCENES CHICAGO'S PREPARATION 129 one, no effusive words of praise are needed to enhance the effect of a record, which suffices by itself to inscribe the name of LeRoy T. Steward high and permanently in the esteem of all Knights Templar, of all his fellow-citi- zens in Chicago, and of all his fellow-officers throughout the world. And in addition to all this special preparation Chicago and its Sir Knights held out with open hand to the visiting Sir Knights and their friends all its limitless resources for entertainment and amusement, for education and editication. To describe these fully would take up several volumes of the size of this one. Some suggestion of what Chicago thus offered to its visiting hosts will be given by a continuation of the programme which closed the previous chapter and by the accompanying illustrations. To those not conversant with the facts in the case the programme provision for Friday, August 12th: "No special programme has been planned for Friday and Saturday. Those days may be availed of to cater to the varied tastes of the individual visitor," may have seemed like a skimping in the provision for entertainment, like the shirking of a pleasant duty. But when the wealth and variety of the material Chicago had to offer and the endless variety of taste of the countless guests are considered, it will readily be seen that this giving of the keys of the city into the hands of the guests themselves was, in fact, the height of hospitality and the wisest gen- erosity. This will be illustrated and conclusively demonstrated by the selected views herewith shown and by the paragraph which follows the brief concluding sentences of the Official Program: "Points of interest to select from are the parks, of which Washington, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant, Garfield, Douglas and Humboldt are the most important. Chicago has been noted for many years for its parks and its drives. These extend from Grant Park on Michigan boulevard, reaching more than a mile to the lake front, north to Lincoln Park on the shore of the lake, around the city through Humboldt, Garfield and Douglas parks on the West Side to Washington Park on the South Side, through the famous Midway, along which is the aggregation of buildings which go to make up the Chicago University, an institution of learning that has crept into ffist place in point of merit, disturbing materially the slumbers of older schools not only here, but abroad, which have enjoyed the con- viction that nothing need be done to protect their claim to permanent title to the front rank and the 'right of the line.' "Thence to Jackson Park, the scene in 1893 of the world-wide popular "White City"; the now principal object of interest there, in the way of a relic, is the Field Museum, which claims the attention of all visitors to CHICAGO PARK SCENES CHICAGO'S PREPARATION 131 Chicago. This park, connected by boulevard with Grant Park, completes the belt, covering a distance of nearly forty miles and entirely encircling the city. Art Institute and Field Museum "The Art Institute and Field Museum will extend courtesies to uni- formed Knights Templar and ladies accompanying them during Triennial Conclave week. Amusement Parks "White City, on the South Side, is reached by South Side elevated or by State street surface line. "Sans Souci, also on the South Side, is on the line of the South Side elevated, or the Cottage Grove surface line. "Riverview, on the North Side, can be reached by taking Riverview and Clybourn avenue cars, or by nearly all the North Side lines. "Forest Park, on the West Side, is reached by the Metropolitan ele- vated, Garfield Park trains, or by Madison or Twelfth street lines and transferring. "There are many short lake trips that are made daily from Chicago. Among them are the following; Waukegan, 111., Milwaukee, Wis., St. Joseph, Mich., and South Haven, Mich. Other trips are made taking from two to four days, to Charlevoix, Mich., Harbor Springs, Mich., and Mackinac Island, Mich. Longer trips can be taken to either Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo or Duluth on the largest steamers on the lakes. The latter trips bring the passenger back to Chicago within a week or ten days. "There are many pleasant resorts in Wisconsin, the State being noted for its beautiful lakes, all within a few hours' journey of Chicago, the most popular of these being Lake Geneva, 'The Saratoga of the West,' which can be reached by a journey of eighty-six miles. "Elgin, Aurora, Joliet, Waukegan, Racine and Milwaukee can also be reached by electric lines. Masonic Buildings "The new Masonic buildings, which are well worth the time required to reach them from downtown, are the Central Masonic Temple, the home of St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35; Englewood Masonic Temple, Engle- wood Commandery, No. 59; West Chicago Masonic Temple, Columbia Commandery's Asylum, and the Masonic Temple at Oak Park, only thirty minutes' ride from the loop, the quarters of Siloam Commandery, No. 54." CHICAGO PARK SCENES CHICAGO'S PREPARATION 133 Nor is this, as it could not be, a full statement of what was provided for the entertainment and delectation of the noble visitors. It does not include the provisions made and the receptions given by the various Com- manderies of Chicago or elsewhere, which will be treated in another chapter. And that it does not, and cannot, for lack of space, include all of the forms of amusement and enjoyment offered by Chicago to its guests, e. g., special theatre programs, baseball, etc., anyone of our guests, anyone, in fact, who has given Chicago more than a passing glance, will readily realize. SUBURBAN HOMES OF CHICAGO CHAPTER X OBITUARY OF THE THIRTY-FIRST TRIENNIAL CONCLAVE HE period preceding the Triennial Conclave was not only a period of expectation and prep- aration for a festive and joyous occasion, it was also a period of much sorrow and mourning in Templar circles. While work was being strenuously carried on for the temporary hous- ing and entertainment of the Grand Encamp- ment and its accompanying hosts here below, mansions were being prepared and completed in the Grand Commandery above for the eternal habitation of many prominent mem- bers of the great Templar governing body. Foremost in the minds of Templar Knights will be the passing away from this earthly abode of the M. E. Grand Master for the period of 1907-1910, the Rev. Sir Henry Warren Rugg, on July 21, 1910. It was the first time since the death of the Hon. DeWitt Clinton, on February 11, 1828, that a Grand Master died in office. The first place in the report of the Acting Grand Master, William Bromwell Melish, is fitly given to the commemoration of his most eminent predecessor. We can do no better than to repeat his moving words: "It is in great sorrow that I assume the duties and responsibihties of the office of Grand Master, made vacant by the death of our beloved Grand Master Henry Warren Rugg, who entered the asylum above on Thursday, July 21, 1910. "While I have known for months of the illness of Grand Master Rugg, and that his disease was thought to be incurable, yet I had hoped with him and his family that he might be spared with strength enough to attend this Triennial Conclave, to gratify his great desire to preside over the deliberations of the Grand Encampment and present his report of his acts as Most Eminent Grand Master during the past three years. His report is here, complete and ready for consideration; his spirit and the influence of his splendid life is about us, but his tired body is resting on the beautiful plot of the cemetery at Providence, amid the waving of trees, 136 OBITUARY overlooking the beautiful valley and the peaceful little river, while the requiem of the winds murmur his last words, 'At rest, at rest.' "Early in June I was summoned to the bedside of Sir Rugg for consul- tation about Grand Encampment and Triennial Conclave affairs. I found him very weak but still hopeful that he would be spared to attend this Conclave. He thought that he could close up his work and complete his report, but turned over to me, as Deputy Grand Master, the carrying on of the active preparation for the sessions of the Grand Encampment. On July loth and nth I went to see him at his request, to receive his messages of fraternal love and of fare- well to the members of the Grand Encampment and to the Sir Knights of the Order. A great change had come over him; the windows of his soul were opened to the East and he saw the Master. He dis- cussed all Templar matters as calmly as if he were going on a long journey and was giving directions for the continuance of his work during his absence. There was no regret expressed; he had learned to say, 'Thy will be done.' The ravages of disease had left the body wasted, weak and weary, but the Christian trust, hope and faith burned in his eyes and possessed his being, so that while his valiant heart was beating slowly, his soul stood silent waiting for the glow, the warmth, the glory and the breath divine. He said, 'Good- bye, this is not to be the end, we shall meet again.' We sat, clasped hand-in- hand, in the shadow of death, with no fear or trembling, and for a half hour kept knightly vigil and were strong. THE REV. SIR HENRY WARREN RUGG Grand Master, 1907 to 1910 THE REV. SIR HENRY WARREN RUGG 137 "He passed away on July 21, 1910, peacefully, hopefully, triumphant, by right divine, unchallenged and sure." Upon receipt of the news of his death I assumed command of the Grand Encampment as Acting Grand Master and made the following announce- ment: "In great sorrow I announce the death, on July 21st, at Providence, R. I., of the Most Eminent Grand Master of Knights Templar of the United States, Reverend and Sir Henry Warren Rugg. His funeral services will be held in Providence on Monday, July 25, 1910, at 2 o'clock p. m., under Masonic auspices. "His last wishes were that his illness or death should make no change in the programme of the Triennial Conclave to be held in Chicago next month. 'God buries His workmen but He carries on His work.'" I present the following sketch of his life and memorial of his services that it may be preserved in our records : Henry Warren Rugg Most Eminent Grand Master Reverend and Sir Henry Warren Rugg, D. D., Most Eminent Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States, Most Worshipful Grand Master of Masons of Rhode Island, Uni- versalist clergyman of distinction and an honored citizen of Providence, R. I., passed to his eternal reward on Thursday, July 21, 1910. Although confined to his home for a comparatively short time, his illness dates back to last December, and was the result of a bad cold con- tracted while on a visit to Detroit in November of last year. He com- plained of illness shortly after returning home, and, while at times his health seemed to show some improvement, the decline was gradual. He was able to attend to his Templar, Masonic, college and other duties during all the spring, attending college meetings in April, the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island in May, and the communion service of his church convention in June. His mind was clear to the end, and he retained his grasp upon things needful to be done until within a few days of his death. Of him it may truly be said, "A true and courteous Knight has fallen in life's battle with his armor on." Henry Warren Rugg, eldest son of Warren and Hannah Smith Rugg, was born in Framingham, Mass., September 3, 1833. He received his early education in the public schools of his native town and at Mount Hollis Seminary, Holhston, Mass. He became a school teacher at the age of 138 OBITUARY nineteen, and while in Worcester began the study of theology. In 1854 he was ordained a Universalist clergyman and called to the pastorate of a parish in South Dennis, Mass., where he spent several years, teaching school as well as preaching. In 1856 he took charge of Sea View Seminary in Hyannis, Mass., and in the following year became pastor of a church in East Cambridge, where he remained for four years, removing thence to Bath, Me., where he was settled over a large and prosperous church. Ill health caused him to resign from this parish in 1864 and seek a milder climate. He became Chief Clerk of the Finance Bureau of the Post Office Department at Washington, which place he resigned in August, 1866, to accept the pastorate of the Second Universalist Church of the Mediator, where he remained for nearly thirty years. Dr. Rugg had for years been active and prominent in promoting the enterprises of the denomination with which he was connected. Since 1871 he had been a Trustee of the Universalist General Convention, and at the time of his death was chairman of its Board of Trustees, having held that ofhce by repeated re-elections for a long term of years. He was also chairman of its Mission Committee and was largely instrumental in the establishment of the Universalist Mission in Japan. He rendered a continuous service of over forty years as President or Secretary of the Rhode Island Universalist Conven- tion. He was a Trustee of the Universalist Publishing House and a member of its committee on publications. In 1877 he was elected a Trustee of Tufts College, which in 1878 con- ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. In 1899 he was elected Secretary of the Corporation of Tufts College and had been annually re-elected to that office, holding it at the time of his death. He was a prohfic writer, his chief contributions to Masonic liter- ature including a "History of Free Masonry in Rhode Island" and a history of Knights Templar in the United States for the souvenir book of the Conclave in Boston in 1895. Among the books he wrote are: "The Lives of the Presidents," "New England's Contributions to American Greatness," "Christ and His Church," as well as "Our Word and Work for Missions." He was the writer of correspondence for the Grand Com- mandery, Knights Templar, of Massachusetts and Rhode Island for twenty-one years, and rendered a like service, extending over a long period, for the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons and for the Grand Lodge, A. F. and A. M., of his adopted State. For a quarter of a century he was editor of a monthly magazine, "The Freemason's Repository." THE REV. SIR HENRY WARREN RUGG 139 The subject of this sketch dehvered many addresses and orations, of a Masonic and general character, throughout New England and outside its limits. At the civic celebration of the national holiday in Providence, July 4, 1867, he dehvered the oration which was afterwards printed in pam- phlet form as a city document. He delivered the address at the laying of the corner-stone of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in Providence on St. John's Day, 1870. He gave the historical address at the celebration of the centennial of the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island in 189 1. He deliv- ered the historical address at the observance of the centennial of St. John's Commandery, K. T., of Providence, and edited the substantial volume which contains the address and a record of the anniversary proceedings. He performed a similar service for the Grand Commandery of Massachu- setts and Rhode Island at the observance of their centennial anniversary in 1905, and edited the memorial volume of some three hundred pages which contains the address and an account of the celebration. One of his last public addresses was given at the laying of the corner-stone of a Masonic Temple in Flint, Mich.. October 22, 1909. On the Sunday immedi- ately preceding that date he preached to the Sir Knights of Detroit Com- mandery and Gethsemane Commandery in the Church of Our Father at Detroit. At the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of Calvary Com- mandery, Providence, November 14, 1909, he delivered the address. His services as a speaker at public occasions of Masonic and general interest, and as a writer, were constantly in demand until the time of his death. He had likewise delivered numerous Masonic addresses in his adopted State and other parts of New England, and despite his many other activities devoted some time to the editorship of "The Freemason's Repository." He gave much time and attention to the cause of public school edu- cation in Providence. He held office as a member of the school board for a number of years. The home life of Dr. Rugg was an ideal one. Married on December 25, 1853, at Milford, Mass., to Miss Abby Nelson Howard they journeyed through life for fifty-seven years. Mrs. Rugg survives, together with an only daughter, Mrs. Gertrude Rugg Field, and a grand-daughter, Miss Abby Field. Made Mason in 1854 Dr. Rugg was made a Mason in Fraternal Lodge, Barnstable, Mass., Sep- tember 12, 1854, soon after attaining his majority. When a new lodge was organized in West Dennis, Mass., soon afterward, he was elected its first Master in 1855. He also served as Worshipful Master of Solar Lodge of I40 OBITUARY Bath, Me., in 1862, and joined St. John's Lodge, No. i, of this city, soon after removal to Providence. In 1868 he was appointed Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island, which office he continued to hold, with the exception of a single year, until 1909, a period of forty years. In that year he was elected Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island, and in May, 1910, was elected and installed as Grand Master. He received the degrees of Capitular Masonry in Orient Chapter, Hyannis, Mass., in 1857, and became one of the charter members. He was appointed Chaplain of Providence Royal Arch Chapter in 1869, and Grand Chaplain in the Grand Chapter of Rhode Island in the same year. In 1877 he was elected to honorary membership in the Grand Chapter and appointed Grand Lecturer. In 1885 he was appointed Grand Scribe and served one year. In 1886 he was elected Grand High Priest and served one year, declining re-election. In 1869 he received the degrees of Cryptic Masonry in Providence Council of Royal and Select Masters. He received the Orders of Knighthood in Maine Encampment, North Gardiner, Me., in 1863, and was elected first Prelate of Dunlap Commandery of Bath, Me., in 1864. He was admitted to membership in St. John's Com- mandery, Providence, September 6, 1S69, and on the 6th of the December following was elected Prelate, which office he held for two years. He was elected Eminent Commander of St. John's Commandery December 4, 187 1, and was elected Deputy Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Massachusetts and Rhode Island in October, 1873. He was elected Grand Commander of that body in 1875 ^.nd again in 1876. Dr. Rugg was appointed in 1908, and held the position until the time of his death, as the representative of the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada to the Grand Encampment of the United States. He was a member of the New England Association of Past Grand Commanders, the Association of Past Commanders of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, the Masonic Veterans of Rhode Island, the Veteran Asso- ciation founded by Robert Freke Gould, of England, the Masonic Veterans of Illinois, the Guild of "Mutuals," and many other organizations of a fraternal, literary or benevolent character. He was an honorary member of Bay State Commandery, Brockton, Mass., of St. Elmo Commandery, Meriden, Conn., of Detroit Commandery, Detroit, Mich., and of the Grand Commandery of the State of Maine. Back in 1863 he received the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite in Maine Consistory. In 1900 he received the thirty-third degree and became honorary member of the Supreme Council of the North- ern Masonic Jurisdiction. THE REV. SIR HENRY WARREN RUGG 141 In the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America he has held all of the elective positions from V. E. Grand Junior Warden, to which he was elected at the Denver Triennial in 1892, to the crowning position of Most Eminent Grand Master at the Saratoga Tri- ennial in 1907, receiving the unanimous vote of the Grand Encampment on that occasion. During the Triennial term just ended, Masonic Templary was richer and better because such a man as our departed Grand Master Rugg lived and wrought so serenely, and so strongly in it, and we are all richer on the spiritual side because we have shared his life. * * * On Monday afternoon, July 25th, the mortal form of the Grand Master received the formal Masonic rites of burial. The ceremony was held in the Church of the Mediator, of which he was pastor for nearly thirty years, and the large auditorium was tilled with men who had come many miles to pay fitting honor to the man who had stood at the head of the Masonic Order in this country. President Ham- ilton, of Tufts College, in speaking of Dr. Rugg, referred to him as a leader in religious life, as an educator, and as a man. The church services were conducted by Rev. Henry I. Cushman, pastor emeritus of the First Universalist Church of Providence, R. I., and the Rev. Frederick W. Hamilton, LL. D., president of Tufts College, both of whom were close friends of Dr. Rugg for many years. At the church the Grand Encampment, Knights Templar, was in charge, under the direction of V. E. Deputy Grand Master William Bromwell Mehsh. The Grand Lodge of Rhode Island Masons officiated at the committal service at the grave under the direction of Deputy Grand Master James B. Gay, assisted by Grand Chaplain, Rev. Bro. Chas. A. Denfield, and Rev. Bro. F. W. Hamilton. The church services began at 2 o'clock. Delegations from all of the Masonic bodies with which Dr. Rugg was associated were in attendance, and the solemn ceremonials of the Grand Lodge and of the Grand Encamp- ment were performed. Seats were reserved at the church for members of the Grand Commandery, Sir Knights of St. John, Calvary and other Com- manderies, and members of St. John's Lodge and other Lodges and friends. There were present also many representative citizens of Providence and numerous city and state officials, as well as prominent clergymen and laymen of the Universalist Church; also the Trustees of Tufts College. The honorary pall bearers were Gen. Samuel C. Lawrence, of Boston, M. P. Sovereign Grand Commander, Supreme Council, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, U. S. A.; Newton D. Arnold, of Providence, Grand Treasurer, 142 OBITUARY Supreme Council, and Past Commander of St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T. ; Hon. Eugene F. Endicott, of Chelsea, Mass., Treasurer of the Universalist General Convention; Walter W. Burnham, of Providence, Grand Commander, Grand Commandery, K.T., of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and Past Commander of St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T. ; William H. H. Soule, of Boston, Past Grand Commander Grand Com- mandery, K. T., of Massachusetts and Rhode Island; John M. Bufhnton of Providence, Sir Knight, St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T., Treas- urer Universalist Central Convention of Rhode Island; Joseph L. Sweet of Attleboro, Sir Knight, Bristol Commandery, No. 29, K. T., and Trustee Universalist General Convention, and Joseph W. Freeman, of Central Falls, Past Grand Master, Grand Lodge, Masons of Rhode Island. The ushers were Frank T. Pearce, Grand Warder, Grand Commandery, K. T., Massachusetts and Rhode Island; Edward I. Mulchahey, Eminent Commander, St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T.; John A. Tillotson, Generalissimo, St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T. ; John R. Dennis, Captain General, St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T. ; George H. Rhodes, Past Commander, St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T.; Henry A. Car- penter, Past Commander, St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T. ; Joseph P. Burlingame, Past Commander, St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T. ; J. Fred Parker, Past Commander St. John's Commandery, No. i, K. T.; Edward M. Wheeler, Eminent Commander, Calvary Commandery, No. 13, K. T.; George H. Grant, Past Commander, Calvary Commandery, No. 13, K. T. ; Frederick E. Leonard, Eminent Commander, Holy Sepul- chre Commandery, No. 8, K. T.; James H. Thurston, Senior Warden, St. John's Lodge, No. i, A. F. and A. M.; George H. Holmes, T. P. M., Solo- mon's Grand Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. R.; James A. Rogers, Sovereign Prince, Rhode Island Council, Prince of Jerusalem, A. A. S. R. ; Norris G. Abbott, M. W. M., Sovereign Prince of Rose Croix, A. A. S. R.; Fred I. Dana, Commander-in-Chief, Rhode Island Consistory, A. A. S. R. ; William H. Scott, Grand High Priest, Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Rhode Island; James E. Battey, Deputy Grand Master, Grand Council, R. and S. M., of Rhode Island; George T. Glines, High Priest, Providence Royal Arch Chapter, No. i, and Manton W. Coombs, T. I. M., Providence Coun- cil, R. and S. M., No. i. Among those present were: The Grand Commander of Maine, R. E. Sir Warren C. Philbrook of Waterville, Me.; R. E. Sir Eugene A. Hall, Grand Commander of Connecticut; R. E. Sir Eli C. Birdsey, Grand Recorder, Connecticut; Past Grand Commander Caleb Saunders, of Lawrence, THE REV. SIR HENRY WARREN RUGG 143 Mass.; Past Grand Commander Edwin A. Blodgett, of Springfield; Joseph Work, a thirty-third degree Mason of Boston; Robert S. Franklin, a thirty-third degree Mason of Newport; Past Grand Commander Dana J. Flanders, of Maiden, Mass.; Lafayette G. Blair, Grand Generalissimo of the Grand Commandery, Knights Templar, of Rhode Island and Massa- chusetts; Grand Captain-General Frank S. Nagle, of Boston; Grand Cap- tain of the Guard Isaac Chase, of Boston; Past Grand Captain of the Guard Charles E. Pierce, of South Boston; Past Grand Commander Freeman C. Hersey, of Boston; the Rev. George L. Perin, D. D., Grand Prelate of the Grand Commandery of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and Re^^ Lee S. McCoUester, D. D., Prelate of Detroit Commandery, Detroit, Mich. Among the thirty-third degree Masons in attendance were John G. Massie, Eugene D. Burt, Frank T. Pearce and Judson C. Mackenzie. The Knights Templar quartette sang at the church "Onward, Chris- tian Soldiers," the Templar hymn, and a favorite of Grand Master Rugg, "Just as I Am," whose words were spoken with his dying breath, and "Nearer, My God, to Thee." The cjuartette also rendered the "Miserere" during the committal service at Swan Point Cemetery. The officers of the Grand Encampment, K. T., who conducted the service were William B. Melish, R. E. Deputy Grand Master, of Cincinnati, who officiated; Arthur MacArthur, V. E. Grand Generalissimo, of Troy, N. Y. ; Lee S. Smith, V. E. Grand Senior Warden, of Pittsburgh, Pa.; H. Wales Lines, V. E. Grand Treasurer, of Meriden, Conn.; J. W. Chamber- lin, y. E. Grand Swordbearer, of St. Paul, Minn.; Frederick C. Thayer, y. E. Grand Warder, of Waterville; Mr. George W. Kendrick, Jr., of Philadelphia, Past Grand Commander of Pennsylvania; John C. Chase, Representative of the Grand Commandery of North Carolina. Seldom has a greater number of floral tributes been assembled on an}^ similar occasion. Besides many bouquets, wreaths and set pieces from friends and relatives, there were pieces from the following Masonic organ- izations: The Grand Encampment, K. T., "The Official Family" of the M. E. Grand Master; the Great Priory, K. T., of Canada; Masonic Veteran Association; Providence Council, Royal and Select Masters; Grand Lodge of Master Masons of Rhode Island; Grand Council, Royal and Select Masters; the thirty-third degree Masons of Rhode Island; the Grand Commandery of Maryland; the Ancient z\ccepted Scottish Rite of Provi- dence; St. Elmo Commandery, of Meriden, Conn. ; St. John's Commandery, No. I, K. T. ; Calvary Commandery, No. 13, K. T. ; Grand Commandery 144 OBITUARY of Mississippi; Providence, Royal Arch Chapter, No. i; New England Grand Royal Arch Chapter, and Providence Lodge, No. 182. Messages of condolence and sympathy were received by the family of Doctor Rugg, each breathing its tender message of affection and sense of personal loss. Among these were messages from the Supreme Grand Master of the Great Priory of Canada, M. E. Sir L. B. Archibald; Past Supreme Grand Master A.A.Campbell, of Canada; the Grand Chancellor of Canada, M. E. Sir William H. Whyte; Past Supreme Grand Master John B. Tressider, of Canada; from each officer of the Grand Encampment; from the Grand Commanders of Mississippi, Ohio, California, Michigan, Nebraska, Okla- homa, Connecticut, Illinois, Georgia and Kentucky, and from the Eminent Commanders of Golden Gate Commandery, of San Francisco; Mexico City, Commandery of the City of Mexico; St. Andrew Commandery, of Rich- mond, Va. ; Killington Commandery, of Rutland, Va. ; California Com- mandery, of San Francisco; St. Elmo Commandery, of Meriden, Conn.; Columbian Commandery, of Norwich; Conn.; Maine Commandery, of Gardiner, Me.; Lookout Commandery, Chattanooga, Tenn., and Golden West Commandery, Los Angeles, Cal. ; also from Past Grand Masters M. E. Sir Warren La Rue Thomas and M. E. Sir George Mayhew Moul- ton, and from a large number of individual Sir Knights. It is difficult to write a fitting eulogy of the life and services of our distinguished Frater, Henry Warren Rugg. He was richly endowed to do constructive work, in education, in the church and in Masonry. The tasks to which he set himself were never along the line of least resistance, but they were always tasks calling for good judgment, an earnest spirit, industry and persistency. All these quahties characterized all the activities of his long and useful life. It is not often that a man can do so many things and do them all so well. The smallest details were attended to by him with scrupulous care. But, though to the looker-on his life might have seemed too many-sided, it was really characterized by a singu- lar unity. It was only the man dwelling serenely and strongly at the Christian Centre and living himself out in whatever direction of service opened to him in his family, in his church, in his fraternity and among his fellow-men. He added to character and culture a graciousness of man- ner which was the outward mark of a sympathetic heart and by the attractive example of his own living received the profound respect of all those with whom he came in even passing touch. He has passed from ROBERT ENOCH WITHERS 145 our sight, full of years, full of grace, full of honors, but he has only entered into the larger opportunities of Heaven, in which he firmly believed, and which came to seem more and more real to him as the time of his departure drew consciously nigh. 'Doubt not that for one so true There must be other nobler work to do. And that he wears a truer crown Than any wreath that we can weave him. Speak no more of his renown. Lay your earthly fancies down. As in the silent grave we leave him, God accept him, Christ receive him.' "But this was by no means the sole occasion of mourning for the Tem- plar hosts in the period 1907-1910. Under the present system, whereby each Grand Master holds the exalted ofhce for one term only, a goodly number of living Past Grand Masters, attending the Conclaves and lend- ing their wise counsel, had come to be looked upon as an institution of modern Templary. At Saratoga Springs in 1907 the Grand Encampment counted among its members seven Past Grand Masters. At Chicago there were but three, and these included Past Grand Master George May- hew" Moulton, who completed his term of office at Saratoga Springs. Of the splendid array at Saratoga, but two were left, Past Grand Masters Warren La Rue Thomas and Henry Bates Stoddard. Five had gone to their long rest. In the order of their decease, Robert Enoch Withers, died September 21, 1907; Hugh McCurdy, died July 16, 1908; Reuben Hedley Lloyd, died March 10, 1909; Henry L. Palmer, died May 7, 1909, and John P. S. Gobin, died May i, 1910. In the order of their seniority, Henry L. Palmer, Grand Master 1865-8; Robert Enoch Withers, Grand Master 1883-6; John P. S. Gobin, Grand Master 1889-1892; Hugh McCurdy, Grand Master 1892-5; Reuben Hedley Lloyd, Grand Master 1898-1901. Before he himself was called from the scene of his labors, it fell to the lot of M. E. Grand Master Henry Warren Rugg to record and memorialize the passing of these his eminent predecessors, a duty which he performed most fittingly and nobly. We can pay no higher tribute to his memory and to theirs than to give to the brethren at large the very words of his pen : "The announcement of the death of Sir Knight Withers came to me by wire message, but not until the second day following his decease. Much to my regret I was unable to make arrangements which would permit me to reach Wytheville, Va., in time to be present at the funeral services. 146 OBITUARY which were held under Templar and Masonic auspices at that place on Sep- tember 24, 1907. I wired a message of condolence to the family of the prominent Sir Knight departed, and I also sent telegrams to several of the officers of the Grand Encampment, whom I thought might possibly arrange to be present at the funeral. "Under date of October 16, 1907, I made announcement of the death of Most Eminent Past Grand Master Withers and paid a brief tribute to his memory and worth. I append herewith a copy of this memorial circular: "Grand Encampment or Knights Templar, U. S. A. Office of the Most Eminent Grand Master Providence, R. I., October 16, 1907 "7o the Officers and Members of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, and to all Sir Knights of our Obedience: "With sorrowful feeling I send out this announcement of the death of our venerable Frater, so deservedly honored and loved, who was an illus- trious leader in the Masonic Institutions and in Templary for so long a period. Sir Knight Robert Enoch Withers Most Eminent Past Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, died at his home in Wytheville, Va., September 21, 1909. He was born in Campbell County, Virginia September 18, 1821. He Hved long and usefully on the earth. His memory is very precious because of what he was in character and because of his continued and conspicuous service in promoting the \'aried interests of human welfare. Brethren and Sir Knights to whom this Tn Memoriam' announcement is addressed may well hold this departed friend and dear Frater in special and affectionate remembrance, as they recall his unflag- ging zeal and constant activities in behalf of the Institution which appealed to him by reason of its noble principles and benign mission. "The Masonic record and Templar history of Robert E. Withers may be summarized as follows: "He was raised a Master Mason in Marshall Lodge, No. 39, Lynch- burg, Va., February i, 1851. He was exalted to the degree of Royal Arch Mason in Eureka, now Lynchburg, Royal Arch Chapter, No. 10, in November, 1852. He was knighted in De Molay Commandery, No. 4, at Lynchburg, January 25, 1856. "At a later period he received the degrees in Scottish Rite. ROBERT ENOCH WITHERS 147 "He was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, A. F. & A. M., in 187 1 and re-elected in 1872. In the first named year he was also elected Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Virginia. "He entered the Grand Commandery of Virginia as a representative from De Molay Commandery, No. 4, in 1856, and was elected Grand Warder the same year. He was elected Grand Commander in 1875, serv- ing in that office for three years. At the time of his death he was the oldest Past Grand Commander of the jurisdiction. "He was elected Grand Senior Warden of the Grand Encampment in 1877; 1880 he was elected Deputy Grand Master; in 1883 he was elected Grand Master. He served for the greater part of the Triennial period from 18S3 to 1S86, although for a time, because of his absence from the country, the duties of his office devolved upon the Deputy Grand Master. The forceful address of Grand Master Withers presented at the Triennial Conclave held in St. Louis in 1886, gave ample evidence of his ability and zeal in the furtherance of Templar interests. "Certain distinctive features of his long and busy life may be briefly stated: "He was a practicing physician for a number of years, first in his native county, and afterwards at Danville, having graduated from the Univer- sity of Virginia when he was but twenty years of age. "He married Mary Virginia Royal, of Lynchburg, February 3, 1846. They had twelve children of whom nine are now living. SIR ROBERT ENOCH WITHERS Grand Master, 1SS3 to 1S86 148 OBITUARY "He served as an officer in the Confederate army. He was mustered into service April 23, 1861, and was soon made Colonel of the Eighteenth Virginia Regiment. He took part in many battles and was severely wounded, so that he was obliged to retire from active duty. At the close of the Civil War he took up his residence at Lynchburg, becoming the editor of a leading newspaper of that city. In 1873 he was elected Lieu- tenant Governor of Virginia and was chosen United States Senator by the Legislature of that year. He took his seat in the United States Senate March 4, 1875, ^.nd served until 1881. After leaving the Senate he retired to his farm near Wytheville, where he continued to reside until 1884, when he was appointed Consul to Hong Kong, where he resided four years. He then returned to Wytheville, where his remaining years on earth were spent amid familiar scenes and in the discharge of important duties to his church and to the community. "His was a strong and attractive personality. He was a typical Virginian, a man of upright character, of generous sentiment, a courteous Christian gentleman. "Past Grand Master Withers, so helpfully identified for many years with the Templar Order, showed fidelity to its principles and interests in every position which he held from the lowest to the highest. He was a true, steadfast Soldier of the Cross. A broad-minded and great-hearted man has gone from our midst. The remembrance of this illustrious Sir Knight, this gracious gentleman, this exemplar of Christian faith and char- acter will abide as an inspiration to our Order — the enduring memorial of a noble life. "It is ordered that the banners of our Order be suitably draped for sixty days and that this communication be read at the next regular Conclave after its receipt and spread upon the records. "Given under my hand and seal of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, this sixteenth day of October, A. D. 1907, A. O. 789. Henry W. Rugg, Attest : Grand Master. John A. Gerow, Grand Recorder." "Another Grand Master of the Grand Encampment was called away from earth at the summons of death during midsummer of 1908. Past Grand Master Hugh McCurdy died at his home in Corunna, Mich., July HUGH McCURDY 149 16, 1908. The death of this prominent citizen and Knight Templar caused widespread mourning. The announcement of his death came to me with a special force of significance and sorrow. Sir Knight McCurdy had been my friend for a long period, and I had been intimately associated with him in Masonic and Templar affairs. The funeral was appointed for Sunday, July 19th, the third day after his death. Much to my disappointment, because of the shortness of the time between the notice that came to me and the date of the funeral, I was unable to be present. The services held at Corunna were numerously attended by representative Masons high in the councils of the Fraternity, not only in Michigan but in distant parts of the country. Among these were the official representatives of the Grand Encampment of the United States. The services were in charge of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar and the Grand Commander of that body, Rt. Em. Sir Huston B. Colman, delivered a fitting eulogy setting forth many of the characteristics which adorned the noble character and worthy career of Most Eminent Past Grand Master Hugh McCurdy. "Under the date of July 31, 1908, I caused the following memorial circular to be printed and distributed : Grand Encampment of Knights Templar, U. S. A. Office of the Most Eminent Grand Master Providence, R. I., July 31, 1908 "To the Officers and Members of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, and to all Sir Knights of our Obedience, Greeting : "With heartfelt sorrow I make official announcement that our beloved and honored Frater, Sir Knight Hugh McCurdy Most Eminent Past Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, died at his home in Corunna, Mich., July 16, 1908. "This distinguished citizen and leader among Masons and Knights Templar who has so recently gone from our midst, had considerably passed the Psalmist's line of three score years and ten. Exemplary in all the walk and conduct of life, obedient to the Divine Law, to him came the fulfillment of the Scriptural promise to the righteous man: Length of days and peace. For the last two years he suffered from physical limita- tions, and it was only by reason of his strong constitution and good habits 15° OBITUARY that he resisted so long the progress of mortal disease. He was trustful and serene during his protracted illness, and in the calmness of a true Christian faith waited for the separation of the soul from the body. "The funeral services were held at his home on Sunday, July 19, 1908, and were of a sadly impressive character. They were under the direction of the Grand Command- ery, Knights Templar, of the State of Michigan which had the escort of seven Commanderies be- longing to the jurisdiction. The Grand Commander, Sir Knight Huston B. Colman, delivered an appropriate eulogy. Pray- ers were read by the Rev. Carlos H. Hanks. There were present officers of all the Grand Masonic bodies of Michigan and repre- sentatives of the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdiction and of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of x\merica. The attendance of a vast concourse of people at the funeral services testified to the great affection and esteem in which Judge McCurdy was held by his acquaintances and friends outside the Fraternity, as well as by his Brother Sir Knights who were present to render tribute to his memory and worth. "Sir Knight McCurdy's Masonic career covers a period of nearly sixty years. He was initiated in Birmingham Lodge, August 5, 1850, and ten days later was raised to the degree of a Master Mason. He was instru- mental in organizing Corunna Lodge, No. 115, and was its first Worship- ful Master, which office he held for six consecutive years. He was elected Grand Master of Masons in Michigan, January 11, 1873. He was exalted SIR HUGH iMcCURDY Grand Master, 1892 to 1895 HUGH McCURDY 151 to the degree of Royal Arch Mason in Washington Chapter February 5, 1864. Soon after, he became a charter member of Corunna Chapter, and was its first High Priest, in which chair he remained for six consecutive years. He was elected Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter January 10, 1871. "He was created a Knight Templar in Fenton Commandery, No. 14, at Fentonville March 13, 1866. He was elected Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery Knights Templar of Michigan May 9, 1877. At the Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment, held at Chicago in 1880, he was elected Grand Senior Warden and was regularly advanced at each succeeding Triennial, being elected to the highest ofhce, that of Grand Master, at Denver August 11, 1892. 'Tn other Masonic Bodies he was active and prominent. He was elected Grand Master of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters, January 21, 1879. He had passed through the different grades of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, and on November 18, 1873, he received the thirty-third degree. On September 22, 1S83, he was elected and crowned an active member of the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdiction. "He was active and deservedly prominent in the several Masonic organizations and in the Templar Order. He was proficient in the Ritual of each body with which he was identified. He was a master of Masonic and Templar jurisprudence, and he was thoroughly informed in all mat- ters pertaining to the history of the Craft and of Christian Knighthood. His quick powers of observation, his ability and training for logical analy- sis, his judicial temper of mind, his scholarly tastes, made him successful in administration and an instructive speaker and writer. His numerous Masonic and Templar addresses, many of which appear in print, are an evidence of his ability and research, as well as of the high ideals and exalted sentiments which he cherished. 'The wise of old welcome and own him of their peaceful fold.' "Certain biographical features of Brother McCurdy's life may be briefly noted: "He was born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, December 22, 1829. At the age of eight years he came with his parents to the United States and the family settled for the time at Birmingham, Michigan, where he went to the country schools and subsequently studied law. In 1S54 he was admitted to the bar of Michigan, and a little later removed to Corunna, 152 OBITUARY where he had since resided. As a lawyer he soon gained clients and acquired influence. He was elected to the office of Prosecuting Attorney in iS56,andin i860 was elected Judge of the Probate Court. He was elected to the State Senate in 1S64 and ranked among its ablest members. He served also in many other positions of civic trust and responsibility. In 1865 Judge McCurdy helped to organize the First National Bank of Corunna, and was its President for a number of years. In matters relating to fiduciary interests he was often consulted and his judgment went far to determine many business issues as well as legal results. "He was twice married, his first wife dying some fifteen years ago. His second wife survives him and gave to him unremitting and loving care during his long illness. He leaves two sons, both of whom live in Corunna. "As a Christmas gift in 1899, Judge McCurdy presented to the City of Corunna thirty acres of land surrounding his home on the Shiawassee River and known as McCurdy Park. Because he loved nature and because he loved his brother man, the owner of this beautiful spot desired to share it with others and delighted in its use as a gathering place for the multitude, where they might rest and be happy close to nature's heart. And now that he has gone, it will be a perpetual memorial of Hugh McCurdy — a sacred shrine where the song of birds, the murmuring river and the rustling trees shall continually sing the requiem of remembrance. "Brother McCurdy was public spirited and usefully identified with the life of the community. To him may well be applied the words of Lowell: 'Good Man all own you; what is left me then To heighten praise with, but Good Citizen?' "Past Grand Master McCurdy, the gracious gentleman, the true and steadfast friend, the patriotic citizen, was indeed a Christian Knight, without fear and without reproach, illustrating in his character and the expression of his life, the highest principles of our cherished Order. Masonic Templary is richer by reason of Hugh McCurdy's words and works, as an intelligent discerner of its message and mission, a loyal Soldier of the Cross. "Sir Knights, ours is the inheritance of a splendid service rendered to our Illustrious Order by one of its best loved and foremost leaders. May we rightly value the legacy of such a life, as we pay homage to the memory of Hugh McCurdy! "It is herewith ordered that this memorial be read at the next regular Conclave of each Grand Commandery, after its receipt, and, also, at the next regular Conclave of each Subordinate Commandery directly allegiant REUBEN HEDLEY LLOYD 153 to the Grand Encampment, and that the standards of the Order be suitably draped for a period of sixty days. "Given under my hand and seal of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, this thirty-first day of July, A. D. 1908, A. O. 790. Henry W. Rugg Attest: Grand Master John A. Gerow Grand Recorder^' The year 1909 chronicled the death of two of the Past Grand Masters of the Grand Encampment — Reuben Hedley Lloyd and Henry L. Palmer. On March 10, 1909, in the City of San Francisco, our beloved Frater Sir Knight Reuben Hedley Lloyd, Most Eminent Past Grand Master from 1898 to 1 90 1, passed to his eternal reward. His funeral service was con- ducted with Templar burial Ritual by his Fraters of Cahfornia Comman- dery. No. i, with officers and representatives of the Grand Encampment and Grand Commandery of California present, and in the presence of a large concourse of Templars and citizens. Under date of March 25, 1910, I communicated the news of his demise to the Templar world in the following memorial: Grand Encampment Knights Templar, U. S. A. Ofi&ce of the Most Eminent Grand Master Providence, R. I., March 25, 1909 "To the Officers and Members of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, and to all Sir Knights of our Obedience: "In Sadness, Greeting: With grief for his death and gladness for his life I make this official announcement: Sir Knight Reuben Hedley Lloyd Most Eminent Past Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, died at his home in San Francisco, Cal., March 10, 1909. "Our beloved Brother, prominent in civic life, as well as in Freemasonry and in the Templar Body, had a long career of activity, honor and useful- ness among his fellow-men. Endowed with a strong constitution, a noble ambition, and a purpose to work for the sake of others as well as himself, he gave diligent attention to business and to the interests and duties which 154 OBITUARY devolved upon him in his profession. His health was apparently unim- paired until just previous to the great earthquake and fire which brought so much of suffering and loss to San Francisco in 1906. About that time there were many intimations of the dread disease which caused his death. His strong will, however, asserted itself and in the weeks and months just following the great calam- ity he rendered large ser- vice to the stricken city. He responded with intelli- gent zeal and character- istic ardor to the new demands which, under changed conditions, pre- sented themseh'es to the citizen and philanthropist. He also continued to apply himself assiduoush' to the duties of his profession. But during the Summer of 1908, he was forced to withdraw for the most part from those acti\-ities and interests to which his life had been devoted. From that time he grad- ually failed in bodily strength, until, peacefully, he fell asleep, to wake no more on earth. "His funeral was solem- nized on Friday, March 12th, at the Albert Pike Memorial Temple, under the auspices of California Commandery, No. i, of which Frater Lloyd had been a member during the whole of his Templar life. The services were impressive, the Templar Ritual being read and appropriate music rendered. A distinguished gathering of prominent lawyers and citizens. Masons, and Sir Knights, personal friends and long-time associ- ates, testified to the esteem in which the deceased was deser\-edly held. The services were presided over by Sir J. George Leibold, Eminent Commander of California Commandery, assisted by the Prelate and other SIR REUBEN HEDLEY LLOYD Grand Master, 1S98 to 1901 REUBEN HEDLEY LLOYD 155 officers of that body. The eulogy was dehvered by Sir vSamuel M. Shortridge. There was an imposing procession which escorted the body of the honored Sir Knight to its final resting place in Laurel Hill Cemetery. "The Masonic and Templar career of our illustrious Frater ma}' be briefly summarized as follows: "Reuben Hedley Lloyd was made a Master Mason in Oriental Lodge, San Francisco, in 1873. In 1891 he was elected and installed Worshipful Master of that Lodge. He was exalted a Royal Arch Mason in California Chapter in 1873. He never held office in the Chapter, but always main- tained an unflagging interest in that department of Ancient Freemasonry. He was connected with the Scottish Rite, being a member of San Fran- cisco Consistory, No. i, and had attained the thirty-third degree. "In January, 1874, he was created a Knight Templar in California Commandery, No. i, at San Francisco. He became Eminent Commander of that body in 1881, and served as such for two years. Sir Knight Lloyd was also elected Grand Junior Warden of the Grand Commandery of Cali- fornia in 1 88 1. He was advanced to the several higher offices in the Grand Body, and in 1886 was elected Grand Commander, holding that office for two years. "At the Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment, held at St. Louis in 1886, Sir Knight Lloyd was elected Grand Senior Warden of the Grand Encampment. He was advanced by regular promotion, and at the Triennial Conclave of 1898, held at Pittsburgh, he was elected Grand Master. His administration during the Triennial period was marked by his legal acumen, his great knowledge of Masonic and Templar juris- prudence, and that enthusiasm of eft'ort which was always a part of his nature. He had a breadth of outlook, yet was most attentive to matters of detail. He was ever courteous and gentle, yet not lacking in those qualities which made for strength of character and positive action. "Reuben Hedley Lloyd was born in Ireland in 1835. Coming to this country as a child, with his devoted mother, he lived for a time in the State of Ohio. In 1853 he made his home in San Francisco, where he had since resided. For more than forty years he gave his unremitting efforts to the advancement of the interests of his adopted city and State. He was always a student, and in the face of many obstacles and under some. limi- tations and adverse conditions, he acquired much of the learning of the schools and became so proficient in the study of law as to be appointed chief clerk in the office of McDougall and Sharp, and was subsequently admitted as a partner. In i860 the firm was re-organized as Sharp and 156 OBITUARY Lloyd, and continued until the death of Mr. Sharp. In 1875 the firm of Lloyd and Wood was established, and has achieved distinction throughout the country. Mr. Lloyd's professional attainments gave him a position among the great leaders of the California bar. He was learned in the law, quick in perception of the points involved in any case in which he became interested, faithful to the clients whom he consented to serve, gifted in speech, forceful in argument, and incapable of being swerved from the course which he had marked out as the path of duty. 'He by the touch of men was best inspired While the apt word and gesture came unbid.' "The demands of his profession were so great as to forbid his acceptance of positions of judicial trust or political honors, as these were from time to time proffered him. He was an able and successful lawyer of com- manding influence, and in the practice of his profession, as well as by the exercise of his business ability, he acquired a large property. He was never married. He is survived by his sister, Mrs. Mary Loadley, with whom he spent the closing years of his life in the beautiful home built in San Francisco after the great fire in 1906. He is also survived by two brothers and by other kindred of remote degree. "Frater Lloyd had a strong social nature and was ardently attached to relatives and friends. He was a devoted son, a kind brother, generous and self-sacrificing in his efforts to promote the welfare of those dear to him as well as to render aid to organized charities and philanthropic work. He was a lover of nature, and found much delight in the study and com- panionship of all that gives to mother earth her glory and her grace. He was likewise a lover of art, a connoisseur and collector of curios, with a special fondness for the art treasures taken from the great storehouse of the past. In the satisfaction of his artistic tastes he not only brought large enjoyment to himself, but contributed to the education and delight of others. "Thus, this man of high legal reputation, a public-spirited citizen loyal to the best ideals of manly service and excellence, lived and wrought. He was a courteous gentleman, a faithful friend. The remembrance of his fidelity to truth and the best interests of humanity is a precious legacy to those who now mourn his passing from earth. "Past Grand Master Lloyd has worthily earned a place of assured honor in the annals of the Grand Encampment and in the Templar world. He is an heroic figure as it presents itself among the leaders of our beloved HENRY L. PALMER 157 Order. In the realm of Templary he illustrated nobly and well the quaU- ties of his strong and attractive personality. His was a distinctive and distinguished service in all the official positions which he held, — an inspiration and an influence for good to Knights Templar everywhere. "It is herewith ordered that this memorial be read at the next regular Conclave of each Grand Commandery, after its receipt, and also at the next regular Conclave of each Subordinate Commandery directly allegiant to the Grand Encampment, and that the Standards of the Order be suitably draped for a period of sixty days. "Given under my hand and seal of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, this twenty-fifth day of March, A. D. 1909, A. O. 791. Henry W. Rugg Attest: Grand Master John A. Gerow Grand Recorder" "Within less than two months after the death of Past Grand Master Lloyd came the sad news of the removal from our midst by the hand of death of the Nestor of the Templar Corps of Past Grand Masters of the Grand Encampment, Sir Knight Henry L. Palmer, who departed this life in the City of Milwaukee, on May 7, 1909, in the ninety-first year of his hfe. "He was the fourth Past Grand Master to leave us during the present Triennial term, leaving but four of his associates remaining. At his funeral the Grand Encampment was represented by the Deputy Grand Master, Right Eminent Sir WilHam B. Melish, who was selected as one of the active pall bearers. Under date of May 15, 1909, I issued the following memorial tribute to the life and distinguished services to Masonry of our aged and revered Frater: Grand Encampment Knights Templar, U. S. A. Office of the Most Eminent Grand Master Providence, R. I., May 15, 1909 "To the Officers and Members of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, and to all Sir Knights of our Obedience: "Greeting, as we Together Stand in the Shadow of a Great Sorrow: "For the fourth time as Grand Master, it becomes my sad duty to announce the death of a Past Grand Master of the Grand Encampment. 15S OBITUARY To the names of the illustrious dead: Withers, McCurdy and Lloyd, who have so recently gone from our ranks, there must now be added another, that of Sir Knight Henry L. Palmer Most Eminent Past Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, who died at his home in Milwaukee, Wis., May 7, 1909. "Our venerable Frater, so widely known and greatly loved, — at the time of his death the oldest Past Grand Master in the Templar Order, — was born in Mt. Pleasant, Wayne County, Penn., October 18, 1819. He received a common school education in his native place, preparatory to later studies for the legal profession in which he afterwards attained prominence. Before he had reached his majority he became a resident of West Troy, N. Y., where he lived and practiced law for a number of years. In 1849 he removed to Milwaukee, Wis., in which city he made his home for the remainder of his earthly life, becoming at once identified with the interests and activities of that rapidly growing city and State. He was a successful lawyer of business aptitude and was soon called to fill positions of official influence and large responsibility. He was a member of the Wisconsin Legislature, serving in both branches. He was elected in 1873 to the office of Probate Judge for Milwaukee County. He served for some time as President of the School Board of Milwaukee, and was associated with the educational movements of the community. As City Attorney he rendered valuable services in the way of counsel, and showed the legal ability and good sense which characterized his whole career. He was a leader in the Democratic party of his State, holding its confidence to such an extent that he was often its candidate for important offices and its representative on occasions of special moment. When he resigned as Judge, it was to accept the office of President of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, which position he held until almost the closing days of his mortal life. He showed large ability in business procedure and a wise judgment in the varied enterprises concerning which he always took his full share of responsibility. "As a neighbor and friend as well as a good citizen, always having the best interests of the community at heart, he well represented the law- abiding, God-fearing type of manhood. His was a social nature, and in his own quiet way he enjoyed the companionship of congenial minds. By his unfailing courtesy and characteristic kindness, ht contributed to the happiness of those with whom he was associated and closely bound in the HENRY L. PALMER 159 ties of kinship and affection. His first wife died in 1854. A daughter by this union is living. His second wife, to whom he was married in 1857, and their three children survive him. ''The facts and figures of Frater Palmer's Masonic and Templar career inadequately set forth his activities and usefulness in the Institution. It is fitting, however, that they should be briefly sum- marized in this writing. "Henry L. Palmer was raised a Mason in Evening Star Lodge, No. 7 5, located at West Troy, N. Y., in the year 1841, in which Lodge he retained honor- ary membership until the time of his death. He a iff 1 i a t e d with Tracy Lodge, No. 13, of Milwau- kee, now on record as Wisconsin Lodge, No. 13, August 18, 1849. He was its Worshipful Master in the years 1851, 1852, 1857, 1858, 1865 and 1867. He was Grand Master of Masons in Wisconsin in 1852 and 1853; also in 1871 and 1872. He received the Capitular Degrees in the Apollo Chapter of Troy, N. Y., in 1846. He was a charter member of Wisconsin Chap- ter, No. 7, in Milwaukee and was its Excellent High Priest for several j'ears. He was Most Excellent Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Wisconsin during 1858 and 1859. In Crj-ptic Masonry Brother Palmer was both active and prominent. He was Thrice Illustrious Master of Wisconsin Council for a number of years. He was Grand Master of the Grand Council of Wisconsin during 1863 and 1864. "As a Scottish Rite Mason Brother Palmer has world-wide fame, hav- ing devoted so much of his thought and time to the advancement of that SIR HENRY L. PALMER Grand Master, 186.5 to 1868 i6o OBITUARY branch of the Masonic Institution. He received the degrees of the Rite, by communication, in August, 1863, at the time of the introduction of that system into Wisconsin, the honorary Thirty-third Degree being also conferred upon him. On October 20, 1864, he was elected and crowned an Active Member of the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdiction. In 1879 he was chosen Most Puissant Grand Commander, and has been re-elected to that honorable position each biennial term, resigning there- from only a few weeks before his death, when compelled by increasing physical disability and weakness to lay aside his dearly loved activities. Under his skillful and faithful leadership the Scottish Rite in the Northern Jurisdiction has had a remarkable prosperity, making it to-day a potent agency for Masonic influence and usefulness. "Past Grand Master Palmer received the Orders of Christian Knight- hood in Apollo Commandery, of Troy, N. Y., in 1847. He assisted in the organization of Wisconsin Commandery, No. i, in 1850, of which body he was Eminent Commander during the years 1853 to 1861, inclusive. He was Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Wisconsin for seven consecutive years, beginning with 1859. He was Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America for the Triennial period of 186 5-1 868. After his retirement from the office of Grand Master he served on the Jurisprudence and other important committees of the Grand Encampment and always showed an unfaltering attachment to the principles of the Templar Order. Its Christian essentials appealed to him, for he was a man of earnest faith and strong religious convictions. "The funeral of Judge Palmer was solemnized by simple, yet impress- ive services, in the Immanuel Presbyterian Church, Milwaukee, Monday, May 10, 1909. The body of the distinguished Mason and Templar lay in state at the church for several hours preceding the services, with a guard of honor from Wisconsin and Ivanhoe Commanderies of Knights Templar, and was viewed by hundreds of sorrowing associates and friends. The church was filled to its capacity at the hour of the funeral, and there were present many prominent Masons from all parts of the country. The Rev. Paul G. Jenkins, pastor of the church, gave a brief address, stating Judge Palmer's wish that no funeral eulogy should be pronounced. "Let there be no word about me, but speak a good word for Christ to men." So the message of Christian faith and service was given to the mourning people. HENRY L. PALMER i6i "A Templar service was held at the Forest Home Cemetery, where the body of Past Grand Master Palmer was committed to its last resting place. Thus was laid away all that was mortal of this wise and influential Mason, this true and valiant soldier of the Cross. 'Now to his ashes honor; Peace be with him! And choirs of angels sing him to his rest!' "Henry L. Palmer, to whom was given length of days on the earth, manifold honors and exceeding peace, was a rare man. His was the force of an unassuming personality. He won many friends and never lost their confidence and esteem. He was thoughtful, sincere and earnest in the expression of his life — faithful to every call of duty and to the principles which commanded his allegiance. He possessed an abiding Christian faith, which gave him strength for service to his brother man and a deep serenity of soul. "Past Grand Master Palmer, by his worth and work, has endeared him- self to our whole great Brotherhood of Masons and Knights Templar. His name is indissolubly connected with the annals of the Grand Encampment, and will be remembered and revered so long as there is respect for those virtues which characterize Christian Knighthood and make possible its highest influence for the welfare of humanity. "It is herewith ordered that this memorial be read at the next regular Conclave of each Grand Commandery after its receipt and also at the next regular Conclave of each Subordinate Commandery directly allegiant to the Grand Encampment, and that the Standards of the Order be suitably draped for a period of sixty days. "Given under my hand and the seal of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, this fifteenth day of May, A. D. 1909, A. O. 791. Henry W. Rugg Attest : Grand Master John A. Gerow Grand Recorder" "Once again was the door of our Templar Asylum to swing inward and the grim messenger of Death to enter with the summons, 'Next.' On May I, 1910, I was called upon to sorrow with my Praters over the death of Past Grand Master of the Grand Encampment, Sir Knight John Peter Shindel Gobin, who died at his home in Lebanon, Penn., on May i, 1910. I have endeavored to pay my personal tribute to the memory of this gal- i62 OBITUARY lant soldier, worthy citizen, and true Templar in the memorial notice which I caused to be issued on the i6th day of May, 1910, as follows: Grand Encampment Knights Templar, U. S. A. Office of the Most Eminent Grand Master Providence, R. I., May 16, 1910 "To the Officers and Members of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, and to all Sir Knights of our Obedience: "Greeting: With personal sorrow and a profound sense of the mutability of moral existence, I make this official announcement. Sir Knight John Peter Shindel Gobin Most Eminent Past Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, died at his home in Lebanon, Penn., May i, 1910. 'T am oppressed by the fact that five Past Grand Masters of the Grand Encampment have been called from earth since the Triennial Conclave of 1907. "The illustrious leader in our cherished Order to whose memory we now offer deserved tribute, was a man who had achieved distinction along many lines of activity and usefulness. His military career, extending over forty years, was unblemished. He served well his city. State and Nation, both as an official and as a private citizen, and rendered helpful service to the various institutions and organizations with which he was identified. His interests were many, and he gave to each his best thought and effort. He was richly endowed by nature, and from his strong personality radiated much of inspiration and helpful influence to those about him and to the larger constituency who recognized his character and worth. To him was given the fulfillment of the Scriptural promise: 'With long life will I satisfy him, and show him my salvation.' He was active almost to the close of his more than three score years and ten of mortal being and then, brave soldier that he was, calmly faced approaching death, saying with a Christian's faith: T am ready to go.' "John P. S. Gobin was born in Sunbury, Penn., January 26, 1837. He was of Swiss descent and numbered among his American ancestors men of Revolutionary fame and patriotic ardor. His education was obtained in the public schools of his native township. He had inherited JOHN P. S. GOBIN 163 a strong mind in a strong body, and always seemed to be swayed by worthy motives and high aspirations. At an early age he learned the printer's trade and it was during his apprenticeship that he read law and prosecuted his legal studies, with such success that he was admitted to the bar of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in 1859. He practiced his profession until 1S61, when at the commence- ment of the Civil War, he joined the Eleventh Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and was commis- sioned as First Lieutenant. Later, he recruited a com- pany which was mustered in as Company C, Forty- seventh Regiment Penn- sylvania Volunteers, in which he had rapid official promotion and was brevet- ted Brigadier-General, for meritorious services, March 13, 1865. He was complimented in general orders for gallantry at the battle of Pocotaligo, S. C. General Gobin was with General Philip H. Sheridan in his celebrated cam- paign, and won his com- manding officer's approba- tion for bravery and skill. "After the war, General Gobin, remaining with his regiment in Charleston, S. C, acted as Provost Judge of that city until he was mustered out of service January 9, 1866. He then returned to his home in Lebanon, Penn., where he had since resided, and resumed the practice of law. In 1874 he was commissioned a Colonel of the Eighth Regiment, National Guard of Pennsylvania, and from 1885 to 1907 he was Commander of the Third Brigade, P. N. G., and was in charge of the State troops at the time when labor troubles and riots threatened the welfare of the Commonwealth. He was placed at the head of the State SIR JOHN PETER SHINDEL GOBIN Grand Master, 1889 to 1892 i64 OBITUARY troops and only retired a few years ago, by reason of age limit. He served as Brigadier-General in the Spanish-American War. The Grand Army of the Republic made him its Commander-in-Chief, and had he lived he would have been elected head of the Loyal Legion the week in which his funeral occurred. "The subject of this sketch was appointed County Solicitor of Lebanon early in his professional career; he was elected to the State Senate of Penn- sylvania in 1884, and served continuously as Senator for fifteen years. He was elected Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania in 1898. "General Gobin was officially connected with many corporations. He was associated with various philanthropic and fraternal organizations. He was prominent in Odd Fellowship and had been at the head of the Order in his State. "Past Grand Master Gobin was made a Mason in Sunbury Lodge, No. 22, in 1859. In 1865 he received the Capitular Degrees of Freemasonry and became a member of Northumberland Royal Arch Chapter, No. 174, of Sunbury. Later he was connected with the Scottish Rite, and received the Thirty-third Degree in the Supreme Council of the Northern Juris- diction, September 18, 1906. In 1866 he was made a Knight Templar in Crusade Commandery, No. 12, Bloomsburg, Penn. He was elected Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery, Knights Templar, of Pennsylvania, [in 1879. He attended the Twenty-first Triennial Con- clave of the Grand Encampment at Chicago in 1880, where he was elected Grand Captain General. He was advanced at each succeeding Triennial until, at the Twenty-fourth Triennial Conclave, held in Washington, D. C, in 1889, he was elected Grand Master. He presided at the specially important Triennial Conclave at Denver in 1S92, and gave ample evidence of his varied abilities and his knowledge of Masonic and Templar jurisprudence. He also showed at that time conspicuously, as on other occasions, the high value which he placed upon the distinctive principles of the Templar Order. His was a wide conservatism, and he would have the Institution which he so much adored make progress along well established lines and in accordance with its declared principles of Christian faith and fealty. "General Gobin had a most attractive personality. He was skilled in oratory and an interesting conversationalist. He was a great reader of history and fond of travel. He was devoted to his family and friends, was genial and companionable, and had a ready sympathy for the afl'airs and interests of others. Children and young people were attracted to JOHN P. S. GOBIN 165 him, and many of them looked to him for example and counsel. The religious element in General Gobin's nature was strong and adequately cultivated. He believed in the Christian Universals, and found them satisfying to his devout and aspiring soul. "Past Grand Master Gobin married, in 1866, Miss Annie M. Howe, a daughter of Captain Howe, U. S. A. Mrs. Gobin survives her husband. There are no children. "The funeral of General Gobin was held in Lebanon May 5, 1910. The services were conducted by the Rev. Dr. William E. Stahler, of the Zion Lutheran Church, of which the deceased was a member. At the public obsequies, which were numerously attended by representatives of the bar, distinguished State and military oihcials, Civil War veterans and prominent Knights Templar, the exercises included a brief eulogy by the Chaplain of General Gobin's old command and several other addresses. Colonel Arthur MacArthur, of New York, Grand Generalissimo, officially represented the Grand Encampment at the funeral and spoke appropriate words. Past Grand Master Warren LaRue Thomas, of Pittsburgh, Penn., was also present and delivered a memorial tribute. The Knights Templar of Pennsylvania were represented by the R. E. Grand Commander Abram Hess and the V. E. Grand Generalissimo Herman Junker. "At Mount Lebanon, where the body of the dead soldier and Sir Knight was consigned to Mother Earth, the church committal service was read and a prayer offered. A large white floral pillow, showing in purple the triple cross of the Grand Encampment, was placed at the head of the grave. "Thus were laid away the mortal remains of our beloved and honored Frater. He served the Order of Knights Templar with fidelity and zeal. He well illustrated in his own career the precepts and principles of our benign Institution. We trust that a remembrance of his words and works may abide with the membership of our great and growing Order, as an incitement to nobler living and to more productive service for social, civic and moral betterment. The Christian soldier was exemplified in the life of our distinguished brother, whose onward march was always under the white banner of the cross — that glorified symbol leading the Templar host to victory and to God. "It is herewith ordered that this memorial be read at the next regular Conclave of each Grand Commandery after its receipt and also at the next regular Conclave of each Subordinate Commandery directly allegiant to the Grand Encampment and that the Standards of the Order be suitably draped for a period of sixty days. i66 OBITUARY "Given under my hand and the seal of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, this i6th day of May, A. D. 1910, A. 0. 792. Henry W. Rugg Attest : Grand Master John A. Gerow Grand Recorder" We append further a list of all the notable Templar dead for the period 1907-1910: Arizona Sir Knight George Shand, R. E. Grand Commander, 1899. Died February i, 1909. Arkansas Sir Knight Alfred A. Tufts, R. E. Grand Commander, 1884. Died February 4, 1909. Sir Knight Wilham King Ramsey, R. E. Grand Commander, 1890. Died March 18, 1910. California, Sir Knight Hudson B. Gillis, V. E. Deputy Grand Commander, 1907. Died in office May 30, 1907. Sir Knight William Mason Rundell, R. E. Grand Commander, 1866. Died June 25, 1907. Sir Knight Reuben Hedley Lloyd, R. E. Grand Commander, 1886. Died March 10, 1909. Sir Knight Jacob Hart Neff, R. E. Grand Commander, — . Died March 26, 1910. Connecticut Sir Knight Henry Woodward, R. E. Grand Commander, 1876. Died June II, 1907. Sir Knight John G. Root, R. E. Grand Commander, 1875. Died February 14, 19 10. Sir Knight Samuel M. Bronson, R. E. Grand Commander, 1897. Died March i, 1910. District of Columbia Sir Knight Eldred Griffith Davis, R. E. Grand Commander, 1898. Died March 22, 1910. TEMPLAR DEAD, 1907-1910 167 Georgia Sir Knight William S. Rockwell, R. E. Grand Commander, 1881. Died September 20, 1909. Sir Knight Richard Joseph Dunn, R. E. Grand Commander, 1891. Died June 29, 1910. Idaho Sir Knight George Henry Olmstead, R. E. Grand Commander, 1905. Died November 5, 1909. Illinois Sir Knight Philander Walker Barclay, R. E. Grand Commander, 1876. Died July 6, 1907. Sir Knight Hamer Herschel Green, R. E. Grand Commander, 1902. Died November 3, 1907. Sir Knight Loyal L. Munn, R. E. Grand Commander, 1881. Died November 23, 1908. Sir Knight William L. Gross, R. E. Grand Commander, 1908. Died January 18, 1909. Sir Knight James P. Sherwin, R. E. Grand Commander, 1893. Died February 14, 1909. Sir Knight George Edwin Ohara, R. E. Grand Commander, 1904. Died May i, 19 10. Sir Knight John Mills Pearson, R. E. Grand Commander, 1870. Died June 4, 1910. Indiana Sir Knight Augustus D. Lynch, R. E. Grand Commander, 1877. Died October 6, 1908. Sir Knight Simeon Stevens Johnson, R. E. Grand Commander, 1893. Died January 19, 1909. Sir Knight Duncan Turner Bacon, R. E. Grand Commander, 1889. Died July i, 1909. Kansas Sir Knight Samuel Ritter Peters, R. E. Grand Commander, 1882. Died April 22, 1910. Kentucky Sir Knight James Edwards Cantrill, R. E. Grand Commander, 1881. Died April 5, 1908. Sir Knight Samuel Hanson Stone, R. E. Grand Commander, 1895. Died April 3, 1909. Sir Knight Charles Rankin Woodruff, R. E. Grand Commander, 1866. Died April 4, 1909. i68 OBITUARY Louisiana Sir Knight Samuel Alston, R. E. Grand Commander, 1888. Died June 2, 1908. Maine Sir Knight George C. Purington, R. E. Grand Commander, 1905. Died May 6, 1909. Maryland Sir Knight Charles McDonald, Jr., R. E. Grand Commander, 1888. Died September 11, 1908. Sir Knight Summerfield Berry Medairy, R. E. Grand Commander, 1904. Died September 20, 1907. Sir Knight Wilham Augustus Hanway, R. E. Grand Commander, 1882. Died March 10, 1909. Sir Knight George Ross Coilroth, R. E. Grand Commander, 1880. Died April 3, 1909. Sir Knight William Nash Young, E. Grand Captain General, 1896. Died May 2, 1909. Massachusetts and Rhode Island Sir Knight George Henry Burnham, R. E. Grand Commander 1885. Died December 10, 1907. Sir Knight Walter Cutting, R. E. Grand Commander, 1897. Died July 23, 1907. Sir Knight George H. Kenyon, R. E. Grand Commander, 1902. Died May 7, 1910. Michigan Sir Knight Jesse E. Saxton, R. E. Grand Commander, 1883. Died April 21, 1908. Sir Knight Samuel C. Randall, R. E. Grand Commander, 1876. Died March 5, 1909. Sir Knight Benjamin Porter, R. E. Grand Commander, 1864. Died March 13, 1910. Sir Knight WiUiam S. Lawrence, R. E. Grand Commander, 1866. Died May 9, 1910. TEMPLAR DEAD, 1907-1910 169 Minnesota Sir Knight Henry Sterling Wright, R. E. Grand Commander, 1894. Died November 28, 1907. Sir Knight John Albert Schlener, R. E. Grand Commander, 18S8. Died November 5, 1908. Sir Knight William Dalton Cornish, R. E. Grand Commander, 1885. Died November 6, 1908. Sir Knight John T. Black, V. E. Grand Generalissimo, 1909. Died May 28, 1909. Sir Knight WilHam C. Wilhston, R. E. Grand Commander, 1879. Died June 22, 1909. Sir Knight Anthony Zell Levering, R. E. Grand Commander, 1890. Died December 5, 1909. MissorRi Sir Knight Noah Monroe Givan, R. E. Grand Commander, 1891. Died October 3, 1907. Sir Knight John F. Eaton, R. E. Grand Commander, 1902. Died October 6, 1908. Sir Knight William Alexander Hall, R. E. Grand Commander, 1904. Died September 24, 1909. Mississippi Sir Knight John A. B. Jones, R. E. Grand Commander, 1900. Died January 13, 1910. Montana Sir Knight Andrew J. Fisk, R. E. Grand Commander, 1888. Died February 3, 1910. Sir Knight Ansalem J. Davidson, R. E. Grand Commander, 1890. Died October 24, 1909. New Hampshire Sir Knight Daniel Crane Roberts, R. E. Grand Commander, 1896. Died October 31, 1907. Sir Knight Don Herman Woodward, R. E. Grand Commander, 1885. Died December 28, 1908. Sir Knight Henry Oakes Kent, R. E. Grand Commander, 1886. Died March 21, 1909. lyo OBITUARY New Jersey Sir Knight Charles Bechtel, R. E. Grand Commander, 1865. Died August 16, 1908. Sir Knight Thomas H. R. Redway, V. E. Deputy Grand Commander, 1876. Died August 29, 1908. Sir Knight Jacob Kirker, R. E. Grand Commander, 1905. Died December 14, 1909. Sir Knight Frederic G. Wiese, R. E. Grand Commander, 1876. Died March 10, 1910. Sir Knight Wilham W. Snow, R. E. Grand Commander, 1886. Died April 26, 1910. New York Sir Knight Erastus Calkin Delavan, R. E. Grand Commander, 1901. Died May 16, 1907. Sir Knight Austin Cook Wood, R. E. Grand Commander, 1888. Died January 22, 19 10. Sir Knight James Wylie Bowden, R. E. Grand Commander, 1894. Died May 2, 1910. North Dakota Sir Knight Robert Mulligan Carothers, R. E. Grand Commander, 1903. Died February 4, 1908. Sir Knight Harry S. Oliver, R. E. Grand Commander, 1906. Died May 20, 1909. Ohio Sir Knight Robert V. Hampson, R. E. Grand Commander, 1897. Died January 14, 190S. Pennsylvania Sir Knight John Vallerchamp, R. E. Grand Commander, 1868. Died October 8, 1907. Sir Knight Samuel Bernard Dick, R. E. Grand Commander, 1879. Died May 10, 1907. Sir Knight Joseph Alexander, Jr., R. E. Grand Commander, 1848. Died June 26, 1908. Sir Knight Robert Pitcairn, R. E. Grand Commander, 1866. Died July 25, 1909. Sir Knight John Peter Shindel Gobin, R. E. Grand Commander, 1879. Died May i, 1910. TEMPLAR DEAD, 1907-1910 171 Tennessee Sir Knight John Charles Kennedy, R. E. Grand Commander, 1908. Died March 17, 1909. Sir Knight Orion L. Hurlbut, R. E. Grand Commander, 1895. Died May 31, 1909. Sir Knight Henry C. Hensley, R. E. Grand Commander, 1886. Died June 24, 1910. Texas Sir Knight Lucius Tyler Noyes, R. E. Grand Commander, 1879. Died October 27, 1907. Sir Knight Dalziel Hunter Randolph, V. E. Deputy Grand Com- mander, 1908. Died in office January 20, 1908. Sir Knight Charles Davis, R. E. Grand Commander, 1888. Died January 28, 1908. Sir Knight Davis Cogswell Proctor, R. E. Grand Commander, 1892. Died May 17, 1908. Vermont Sir Knight J. Henry Jackson, R. E. Grand Commander, 1907. Died in office September 8, 1907. Virginia Sir Knight James Hamilton Capers, R. E. Grand Commander, 1897. Died October 28, 1907. Sir Knight James Wilson Bryant, R. E. Grand Commander, 1903. Died April 12, 1908. Washington Sir Knight Carmi Dibble, R. E. Grand Commander, 1892. Died January 28, 1908. West Virginia Sir Knight W. H. H. Holswade, R. E. Grand Commander, 1S95. Died March 22, 1908. Sir Knight Edwin Buttrick, R. E. Grand Commander, 1892. Died November 9, 1908. Sir Knight H. Bryon Baguley, Grand Captain General, 1908. Died in office May i, 1908. Wisconsin Sir Knight Henry L. Palmer, R. E. Grand Commander, 1859. Died May 7, 1909. 172 OBITUARY Wyoming Sir Knight Truman Barney Hicks, R. E. Grand Commander, 1888. Died April 26, 1908. Sir Knight Louis Kirk, R. E. Grand Commander, 1904. Died November 4, 1909. It will not be amiss to add the names and memorials of other noble members of the Grand Encampment who died after the close of the Conclave of 1910: V. E. Sir W. Frank Pierce, Grand Generalissimo of the Grand Encampment, of Knights Templar of the United States of America died October 3, 1910. His remains were taken to the Masonic Temple, where they lay in state for several hours while hundreds of sorrowing brethren paid their last tribute of respect. Subsequently, the body was cremated, and the ashes placed in a funeral urn in the cemetery. Much of the following memorial is from the pen of Past Master Charles L. Patton, of California, who delivered an eulogy of Brother Pierce before the Grand Lodge of California on October 13, 19 10. Today, in the peaceful, quiet hills near Oakland, Cal., over-look- ing San Francisco Bay and the Golden Gate, beside his beloved wife, rests all that is mortal of William Frank Pierce, our brother, our com- panion, our Frater, who at the time of his death was the Very Eminent Grand Generalissimo of the Grand Encampment, a ruler and governor in Masonry. Three daughters tearfully mourn the loss of a loving and indulgent father, dearer to them than all else in the world, and an aged father with manly grief mourns the loss of an only son. With our hearts filled with sorrow, in silence and sadness we lament the untimely death of our Frater, not with the cold philosophic grief that comes when we lament the death of a good man unknown to us, but the deep, the agonizing sorrow that we feel, when those die whom we have known and loved. It now remains for us but to voice this feeling, and to record what manner of man and Mason this was whose loss is so deeply felt by all. William Frank Pierce was born January 16, 1855, in the town of Ripley, Chautauqua County, N. Y. ; was educated in the public schools, and at Allegheny College, Meadville, Penn. He went to CaHfornia, arriv- ing July 20, 1877, settled in Oakland, and with his father and brother, Charles D. Pierce, engaged in business. W. FRANK PIERCE 173 Public life had no charms for him. A man of powerful mind, master- ful in his dealings with men, skilled in financial affairs, with unerring judg- ment in matters of business, he met with great success in all his enterprises. The field of his first endeavors becoming too narrow for his ever growing capacity, he left Oakland in 188S, and in San Francisco widened and deep- ened his grasp in things commercial. He was the head of a great banking institution and director and adviser in many suc- cessful corporations. The longer he was known the more intimately all became acquainted with his great work. It was found that he neglected nothing. He was faithful to every trust. The best financiers were glad to confide important matters to his judgment. It is eminently fitting that his Masonic record should be definitely placed upon the pages of our his- tory. It is indeed a grand one, but no words could picture the deep love of his work, and the great grasp of his mind in deal- ing with those funda- mental truths of the Craft which so many men, though Masons, and though holding the highest offices in the gift of Masonry, fail utterly to comprehend with anything of living force. Never personally seeking office, never asking support for this or that dignity or honor; from the very beginning of his career the office sought the man, and from small opportunities given him to work in the field of Masonry his brethren gradually entrusted him with the highest and most difficult tasks of the Order. Never was he found wanting. Every position he filled well and acceptably. Never from the first did he fail to SIR W. FRANK PIERCE 174 OBITUARY give freely and without stint the best that was in him to the service of his bretliren. Brother Pierce was initiated June loth, passed to the degree of Fellow Craft June 17th, and raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason June 24, 1882, in Oakland Lodge, No. 188, at Oakland, Cal. He was elected and served as its Senior Warden in 1892, and its Worshipful Master in 1893. He entered the Grand Lodge in 1892, and from the first his brethren recognized his worth. In 1896 he was appointed a Trustee of the Masonic Widows' and Orphans' Home, and became an earnest and untiring worker for it until it was dedicated by the Grand Lodge; he continuously served the Board as its Vice President from 1897 until he became President in 1905, which office he resigned a year later. All who knew Brother Pierce know that the success and prosperity of this truly great Masonic charity was closer to his heart than almost any other thing in Masonry. As a well-merited reward for his untiring efforts, he was elected Junior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of California in 1907, Deputy Grand Master in 1908, and Grand Master in 1909, which last exalted position he held at the time of his death. Companion Pierce was advanced to the Honorary Degree of Mark Master July 24th, elected to and presided in the Oriental Chair July 31st, received and acknowledged a Most Excellent Master August 7th, and exalted to the august degree of Royal Arch Mason August 14, 1882, in Oakland Chapter, No. 26; was elected and served as Treasurer in 1883-4, Excellent King in 1885, Excellent High Priest in i886~7,and was Excellent High Priest of the Chapter when it was consolidated with Alameda Chapter, and became Oakland Chapter, No. 36. He received the Order of High Priesthood in 1886, was appointed and served as Grand Royal Arch Captain in 1892, Grand Captain of the Host in 1893, Grand Scribe in 1894, Grand King in 1895, Deputy Grand High Priest in 1896, and Most Excellent Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter Royal Arch Masons of California in 1897. Companion Pierce received the degrees of Royal, Select, and Super Excellent Master October 19, 1882, in Oakland Council, No. 12, was elected Thrice Illustrious Master in 1885, when he was elected Treasurer, and served from 1887 for many years. He was appointed Grand Steward in 1885, elected Grand Principal Conductor of the work in 1886-7, Deputy Grand Master in 1889, and Most Illustrious Grand Master of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of California in 1 890-1-2. W. FRANK PIERCE 175 Sir Knight Pierce received the Illustrious Order of the Red Cross Octo- ber loth and was created a Knight Templar and Knight of Malta, October 31, 1S82, in Oakland Commandery, No. 11, of Oakland, Cahfornia; was elected and served as Junior Warden in 1887, Senior Warden in 1888, Captain General in 1889, Generalissimo in 1890, and Eminent Commander in 1891; was appointed Grand Sword Bearer in 1896, elected Grand Junior Warden in 1897, Grand Senior Warden in 1898, Grand Captain General in 1899, Grand Generalissimo in 1900, Deputy Grand Commander in 1901, and R. E. Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery Knights Templar of California in 1902, re-elected Grand Commander in 1904, the year of the Triennial Conclave in San Francisco, elected Grand Junior Warden of the Grand Encampment Knights Templar at San Francisco in 1904, its Grand Captain General at Saratoga in 1907, and its Grand Generalissimo at Chicago in 1910, which last named office he held at the time of his death. Brother William Frank Pierce received the Degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry from the Fourth to the Thirty- second, inclusive, September 30, 1883. He became a charter member and served as Commander of De Molay Council of Kadosh from 1888 to 1891. On January 10, 1884, he was elected a member of the Grand Consistory, serving as Venerable Grand Master in 1892. He was elected a Knight Commander of the Court of Flonor of the Supreme Council Thir- ty-third Degree of the Ancient and xA.ccepted Scottish Rite for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States in October, 1886, and received the Thirty- third Degree January 16, 1887. On October 18, 1893, he was elected an active Inspector General for California. He was installed Grand Sword Bearer of the Supreme Council October 21, 1895, elected and installed Treasurer General in October, 1899, and Grand Chancellor in 1909, which position he held at the time of his death. Brother Pierce was elected an Honorary Member of the Masonic Veterans' Association of the Pacific Coast on October 13, 1887, for his eminent services to Freemasonry in general, and was transferred to the active life roll on May 6, 1896. On October 17, 1892, Brother Pierce was elected and received the Degree of the Royal Order of Scotland, and he was elected a Knight of Constantine. Brother Pierce was a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and a Past Patron of the Eastern Star. This record of our brother's office holding does not give, nor can it give, the remotest idea of his activity in the field of Masonry. In 1906, when the greater part of San Francisco was swept away by fire and earthquake and the foundations of the Masonic Temple laid low, the 176 OBITUARY world sprang to the assistance of San Francisco. Masonry everywhere poured into the treasury the needed money to give rehef to the suilering of the Craft. Then it was that the opportunity came for some great and noble Mason to show his zeal for his brethren by organizing the disburse- ment of the fund, and, as is always true on important occasions, when the need is greatest, the man was found. Brother Pierce took charge of this tremendous duty, and for more than a year, with his own fortune in the balance because of the destruction of his property, almost his entire time, night and day, was devoted to the great work of relieving distressed Masons, their wives, widows and orphans suffering under the grievous burden cast upon them by this awful disaster. W. Frank Pierce was so well balanced physically and mentally that there were but few salient points which would present the man to you. Many can be described with a word, for in them some one characteristic stands out and serves to accentuate and give detail to the presentment, but Brother Pierce's character was so complete in all its parts, so full of excellencies, that there is no one thing about him upon which one could particularly dwell. The nearest expression of his character would be to stop and consider the tremendous forcefulness of the man together with his wondrous gentleness. We can never know the man without thinking of him in his home life. It was a pleasure to see him and his wife working together in the ways of doing good. This they did in 1898, laboring for the success of the Masonic Fair, which made the building of the Masonic Home an actual and accom- plished fact. Their home life was ideal. What a shock when his wife was taken from him, but his daughters were well fitted to take the mother's place. How faithfully, unselfishly and nobly these three vied one with the other to lighten the father's burden. We have seen during the last year how disease had been making inroads in his health; yet with what force and strength he resisted; how little there was in him of complaint; how wonderfully he preserved his temper and disposition under the trying illness, and how he strove and labored and worked for Masonry through it all. He was with us at the Chicago Triennial, weak in body, but strong in spirit, and performed his ofhcial duties as Grand Captain General of the Grand Encampment with faithfulness. It is difficult to find words to give a true estimate of the life and char- acter of Frank Pierce, but there is one consolation for us all. Our Brother is not dead. True, the physical part of him has gone to mingle with the JOHN CORSON SMITH 177 dust, but the real true nature of the man, the man himself, the Mason him- self, absolutely Hves, and Hves most positively in those deeds of kindness, in those acts of love, in his works, and in the hearts of Masons whither- soever dispersed. Soft and safe to our dear brother be his earthly bed. Bright and glorious be his rising from it. Fragrant be the acacia sprig that there shall flourish. May the earUest buds of Spring unfold their beauties o'er his resting place, and there may the sweetness of the Summer's last rose linger longest. Though the cold blasts of Autumn may lay them in the dust, and for a time destroy the loveliness of their existence, yet the destruction is not final, and in the Springtime they shall surely bloom again. "So in the bright morning of the world's resurrection the mortal frame now laid in the dust by the chilling blast of death shall spring again into newness of life, and expand in immortal beauty in realms beyond the skies." And yet one more of the great spirits, whose presence cast luster over this convention, has passed to the great beyond. Of all the men assembled in Chicago August 8-13, 1910, it may be said without detracting from the fame and name of any one of the great throng — there was none who deserved greater honor and reverence, none who personified in himself the meaning, the international importance of this Concla^•e in a higher degree, than this our brother, over whom even in the days of the great convention the shadow of death had been hovering, and who has now passed through the shadow into the light of the great beyond. We record in sorrow the passing of our honored Frater, the father of the Concordat of 191 1, General John Corson Smith. Grand Commandery OF Knights Templar of Illinois Headquarters of the Grand Commander Rock Island, 111., January 6, 1911 "To the Officers of the Grand Commandery, Officers and Sir Knights of this Grand Jurisdiction: "It has become my sorrowful duty to announce the death of our venerable and beloved Past Grand Commander, Sir Knight John Corson Smith who died at his home in the City of Chicago, Saturday, December 31, 1910. 178 OBITUARY "Private burial services were held at his home on Monday, January 2, 191 1, after which the body was conveyed to Medinah Temple, where it lay in state until 2:00 p. m. Tuesday, January 3rd, at which hour the beautiful Templar Service was held under the direction of St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35, K. T. FoUowing the Templar Service, the body was taken to Galena, 111., where it was laid to rest on Wednesday, January 4th, by the brethren of Miners Lodge, No. 273, A. F. & A. M. "We are oppressed by the burden which duty im- poses on us, as we strive to express in fitting language, some suitable memorial of this distinguished Sir Knight, soldier, citizen and scholar. His life had been so varied, so distinguished and successful that we feel how impotent and unworthy is our effort. John Corson Smith was born in the City of Phila- delphia, Pa., February 13, 1832, and resided with his parents until reaching his majority. He served an apprenticeship as a car- penter and builder, fully mastering the details of this useful and practical vocation. In the Spring of 1854, he came West and after sojourning for a brief period of time in Chicago, moved to Galena, 111., which became his home for many years. "Sir Knight Smith was married in March, 1856, to Charlotte A. Gallaher, of Galena, 111. They have been blessed with five children, of whom three sons and a daughter survive. While residing in Galena he was engaged in building. In 1859, he was appointed Assistant Superintendent of the Custom House and Post Ofi&ce at Dubuque, Iowa, remaining in that GENERAL JOHN CORSON SjMITH JOHN CORSON SMITH 179 service until the outbreak of the Rebelhon. Unmindful of self and self- interests, he canceled several large and important contracts, which would have resulted in a competency for himself and family, to respond to his country's call, and in 1862 he enlisted as a private in the Seventy-fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Later in that year he was commis- sioned by Governor Yates to recruit a company, which afterwards became Company I, Ninety-sixth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry; was elected its Captain and subsequently was elected Major of the regiment. As an offi- cer of this regiment, he participated in the defense of Cincinnati; in the second battle of Fort Donelson; at Frankhn, Tenn., Chickamauga and Mis- sion Ridge. For conspicuous bravery at Chickamauga, he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel. In the Atlanta campaign he was in the battles of Rocky Fall Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, Dallas, Pine Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, where he was severely wounded. He returned to the service in October, 1864, and took part in' the memorable battle of Nashville. He was breveted Colonel by President Lincoln in 1865 and breveted Brigadier-General by President Johnson for meritorious services. "After the close of the war, General Smith returned to Galena and was appointed Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for Jo Daviess County. In 1874, he took up his residence in Chicago, having charge of the inter- ests of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. He was appointed by Governor John L. Beveridge in 1874 one of the Centennial Commissioners and served as Secretary of the Board. In 1875 he was appointed Chief Grain Inspector of the City of Chicago. He was elected State Treasurer in 1878, and was re-elected to this important office in 1882. In 1884 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. "Of his services as a Freemason, we briefly record as follows: He was raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason in Miners Lodge, No. 273, Galena, 111., May 21, 1859; exalted a Royal Arch Mason in Jo Daviess Chapter, No. 51, Galena, May 15, i860; made a Royal and Select Master in Freeport Council, No. 39, R. & S. M., February 19, 1873, and a Knight Templar in Freeport Commandery, No. 7, April 26, 1871. He received all of the degrees of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, Fourth to Thirty- second, in Freeport Consistory, February 26 to May 28, 1873; was created a Sovereign Grand Inspector General, Thirty-third and last degree, in the Northern Supreme Council, Portland, Maine, August 19, 1875, and crowned an active member of the same at Cincinnati, Ohio, September 23, 1883; served as the deputy from Ilhnois from that time until 1900, when he was elected Grand Minister of State, an office he held until his death. i8o OBITUARY "Few have been as active in Masonic life as had General Smith. He was for five years Worshipful Master of Miners Lodge, No. 273 ; seven years Excellent High Priest of Jo Daviess Chapter, No. 51, R. A. M.; thirty-three years Thrice Illustrious Master of Ely S. Parker Council, No. 60; four years Eminent Commander of Galena Commandery, No. 40, K. T. ; Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Illinois 188 7-1 889; Grand Treasurer of the Grand Council R. and S. M., 1889 to 1911; Right Eminent Grand Commander, Grand Commandery, Knights Templar of Illinois, 1880; and Committee on Correspondence, 1889 to time of his death; Knight Commander of the Temple and Grand Cross Knight of the Great Priory of England. His Masonic affiliations, in addition to those mentioned above, were many and notable, he being an honorary member of Masonic bodies in the four quarters of the globe. He had traveled extensively, had visited the Masonic brethren in many lands, and was possibly the widest and best known Mason in the world. He was a Masonic writer of great talent, and as the Committee on Correspondence of our Grand Commandery, his reports were more comprehensive and exhaustive than those published by any other Masonic body. "The record of the life of Sir Knight John Corson Smith embraces seventy-nine years, full of activity and achievement, and crowned with success. Fulfilling the various duties of life as a citizen and patriot, he merited the many honors which he received. As a Knight Templar he holds a place of assured honor. In his death our bereavement is great, and it is not ours alone, but touches the multitude of Sir Knights throughout our land, and in foreign lands, to whom our beloved Frater had become endeared. We will all feel his loss most keenly. We mourn with his family, and we extend to them our heartfelt sympathy. "This communication will be read at the head of the lines at the first stated Conclave after its reception, and out of respect to the memory of our departed Sir Knight, let your swords and Asylums be draped in mourn- ing for thirty days. Henry H. Cleaveland Attest: Grand Commander Delmar D. Darrah Grand Recorder" CHAPTER XI THE GREAT RELIGIOUS SERVICE WHEREWITH CONCLAVE WEEK WAS BEGUN VEN nature seemed to sympathize with the great event and sought to justify the faith of those who felt that the Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States should begin its Thirty-first session with a Divine Service, for the breeze that crept over the city from Lake Michigan was cool and refreshing, and August torridity was turned into a June-like atmosphere. Early in the morning of Sunday, August 7th, the Templar hosts were astir wending their way from their Asylums in the city and suburbs and from the hotels, into which the van of the great army descending upon Chicago was settling itself, to Orchestra Hall. As one looked upon the ranks of nodding snow-white plumes he might very well imagine that they were the foamy crest of a mighty wave which was sweeping the streets of the city from curb to curb. Between pavements thronged with wondering people, amidst a silence and respect which was profoundly impressive, and which eloquently bespoke the estimate placed upon the event by the citizens of Chicago, the long lines moved toward Orchestra Hall, which in a few minutes was filled to its capacity. The scene there beggars description, and it is questionable if its like was ever before presented to human eyes. On the immense rostrum were the Grand Encampment, in the rich regalia and insignia of the highest offices in Templarism, and the Com- manderies which formed the escort, an imposing sight. Stretching out in front were a thousand Knights Templar, in that richest of all uniforms, filling every seat of the first floor. Above in boxes and balconies were the hundreds of wives, mothers and sweethearts, lending in the charming colors of gown and jewel a beautiful contrast to the chaste mass of black and white. The service was dignified, rich, but delightfully simple. The music of organ and the five Templar quartettes assembled into a male choir was in the highest degree devotional, classic and splendidly rendered. i82 RELIGIOUS SERVICE The beautiful Ritual was magnificently performed, the responses of a thousand Knights prompt, deep-toned and full, and the hymns sung with a fervor and abandon which attested the presence of the Spirit of Worship. It were impossible to have heard the fervent singing of "Onward, Chris- tian Soldiers," the stirring declaration of The Apostle's Creed, the devout breathing of the Confession, the stately, magnificent rendering of the Te Dcum Laudamiis and not have been touched by the religious atmos- phere of the time and place. The impressions received by the observing mind were many. But perhaps deeper than all others was the thought, not always recognized as it should be, that Masonry is a religious force in society. That it has been a moral power, exercising a mighty influence not only upon its membership, — but through them upon a far wider constituency, — has long been admitted. That it may be counted among the agencies that are surely constructive of character, thinking men have granted. That in its ready assistance of the needy, its unostentatious disbursement of charity, it has manifested the Spirit of Him who "went about doing good" needs no urging. And while these results must be, in the ultimate, religious, since they are moral, it has not been so readily discerned that the Order may itself be ranked with those institutions whose work is directly religious. Masonry is creative of and cultivates the religious faculties of the human soul. If religion be, as it is defined, "the outward act or form by which men indicate their recognition of the existence of a God having power over their destiny, to whom obedience, service and honor are due," then you must grant the claims of the Order to be religious, for its rites and symbols, its ritualism and teaching, all concentrate upon this as the supreme object of its institution and work. This occasion was not an anomaly in the life and exercises of the Order. Such a spirit as pervaded this Divine Service and created its rare atmos- phere of worship could not have arisen in any body of men unaccustomed to such an exercise, nor could they have so abandoned themselves as they did to the occasion were it with them an unusual one. The fact is that the event was but a larger and more public rendering, not only of such worship as calls them together on special occasions through a year, but was also a part of the proceedings of every meeting which the Order holds. While it is too true that with us, as with every other like body, there be many who have a certain irresponsiveness to the spirit of devotion, yet every RITUAL OF THE SERVICE 183 man there was perfectly familiar with the event from long and regular participation in like services. The fervent singing of "Onward, Christian Soldiers," the touching rendition of "Lead, Kindly Light," the splendid responses of the Ritual, the appreciative reception of the devotional music rendered upon the organ and voiced by the splendid choir, the respectful and eager hearing given the speaker of the morning, were all in attestation of the fact that the regular exercises of the Order do create those higher faculties of the soul and develop those psychic organs through which the Invisible World registers its presence and manifests its existence to the devotional and religious spirit of man. When Emerson asks, "What greater calamity can fall upon a Nation than the loss of worship?" he discerns a vital process which must some- where be constantly at work in a Nation making reverential and law-abid- ing citizens. Reverence lies at the foundation of morality and religion. Then, an institution which inculcates reverence of Almighty God; whose traditions from time immemorial have elevated the Bible above every other book on earth; whose regular exercises of assembly create and quicken spiritual and moral discernments; whose devotion to the Religion and Spirit of the Christ is a distinct enunciation, must be ranked high among those forces which generate and culture the religious thought of a Nation and direct it to the most practical and utilitarian ends. When you consider the origin and history of Templarism you find added emphasis to this claim. Masonry is not a religion. It has no creed of its own, except simple faith in God. And yet its expression of religious thought, its inculcation of rehgious truth, its incentive to religious conduct is so universal that its fellowship embraces Jew and Gentile, Christian and Mohammedan, Buddhist and Parsee, and it is inspirational to all. But Knight Templarism is distinctively an organization of the Christian religion. It was founded and maintained by Christian men for Christian service upon a Christian basis. This is demonstrably seen in its origin. The Thirty-first Triennial Conclave bespoke the vital touch of Modern Knights Templarism with the original Order of Templars, an organization which stands out in history as a creation of the Christian Church and one of her original impulses. The very name is derived from the fact that the Templars were assigned quarters in a sacred precinct of Solomon's Temple, or the Mosque of Mount Moriah. i84 RELIGIOUS SERVICE It was to the Patriarch of Jerusalem that the original nine Templar Knights made their vow to fight for the King of Heaven in "chastity, obedience and self-denial." The affiliations of the original Order were with the Church and their regular attendance upon its religious services was their duty and habitual custom. They never ceased to find a pecul- iar pride in the splendor of their Divine Worship, the abundance of their alms and their defense of the Christian faith. The history of the Crusades, that mighty religious upheaval, is the history of the Templars. The whole life of the Order was a championship of Christian pilgrims and the Christian religion. Its Knighthood was a pledge of unselfishness to a selfish age; of protection of the widow and orphan and defense of the innocent and weak in a harsh, cruel day. For two hundred years its devoted battle-axes clashed on bloody scimitars to rescue the tomb of the world's Savior from the polluting touch of the Saracen. The Holy City was captured and lost. The Crusades seemed to be a failure. The Crescent still floats over the tomb of Jesus. Thousands of brave Knights died under the Syrian stars, the Grail for which they did valiant battle, unwon. But their sacrifice was not in vain. They live incarnate in the Spirit of Modern Chivalry, and they do battle to-day against the enemies of human weal in the Spirit of the Modern Knight- hood. Their cause is not a "Lost Cause." It still makes appeal to knightly men. Not in fleet-footed Saracen, under Oriental sky the enemy is found to-day, "For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against princi- palities, against powers, against the rulers of darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places." It is not with glitter of spears, nor flash of sword, nor on prancing steed that the warfare now is pressed. The Modern Knight "Looks not holy: simple his belief; His creed for mystic visions do not scan. His face shows lines cut there by other's grief, And in his eyes is love of brother-man. Not self, nor self-salvation is his care; He yearns to make the world a sunnier clime To live in; and his mission everywhere Is strangely like to Christ's in olden time. No mediaeval mystery, no crowned Dim figure, halo-ringed, uncanny bright: The modern Knight ! A man who treads earth's ground, And ministers to men with all his might." ! TEMPLARISM A CHRISTIAN FORCE 185 It is still the Cause of the Christ and Humanity, of Religion and Free- dom, and the Sepulchre is found "within the bodies and the souls of men." There came a time, it is true, when the outward, organic relation with the Church ceased to be. But the spirit and Hfe of rehgion, which has found expression and made for itself organisms in the many various sects and denominations of the Church, has been carried over through history, by rite and symbol from the original Order to Modern Knights Templarism. It too, should be borne in mind that the faith of the Templar is a religious faith. It is not an attempt to make theological definitions, nor to enforce any peculiar tenet, or dogma. The truth of Tennyson's statement is realized: "All little systems have their day. They have their day and cease to be : They are but broken lights of Thee, And Thou, O Lord, art more than they." But by common consent the Order has adopted that most universal form of the Christian's confession, the Apostles' Creed, "I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Maker of Heaven and earth ; and in Jesus Christ His only Son our Lord." Templarism is a belief in our risen Lord and a recognition that the finest ideals, the noblest aspirations of the human race, are embodied in His character. It is an admission that in Him may be found the panacea for Society's ills. It holds too, that His Cause among the poor and needy, the oppressed and down-trodden is the Cause of to-day's Knight-errant. But it is even more. It is a personal devotion to Him, as humanity's Savior, such as characterized the Knighthood of old. A church member, one perhaps need not be, but he must "not be ashamed to confess the Faith of Christ Crucified and manfully to fight under His banner against sin, the world and the devil." Then, too, as the Templar host moved through the streets past the great emporiums of trade and between solid blocks of buildings devoted to business and industry, contrasting most vividly the days when Knight- hood was in Flower with the prosaic age upon which we have fallen and especially emphasizing the perplexity and vastness of the Social problems which have their expression and menace in the modern city, any close observer must have been impressed by the thought that the institutions which stand for humanity have here an ally of tremendous influence and power. i86 RELIGIOUS SERVICE It is to those who know the aims of the Order and have felt its power of good transmitted through teaching and association, a matter for con- tinual wonderment that its severest critics have often been those who of all others ought to discern and appreciate this fact. Against infidelity and practical irreligion and its ramifications in ecclesiastical, civic, social and commercial, as well as individual life, all the powers of Good, and especially religious forces, must unite in the instinct of preservation and for the con- summation of that Social order which must be the goal of true Christianity and good citizenship. Ultimately the battle of civihzation must be fought out between the forces of true religion, — without reference to creed or dogma, — and those which are essentially irreligious. There is in our present age a growing hostility in some quarters to the organizations through which the Gospel of Christ is presented to the world. The fact that a Socialistic audience which hissed the name of the Church applauded the name of Jesus is a rather doubtful comfort, for it is scarcely believable that the religion of Christ would survive the ruin of His Church. Certain it is that the enemies of Protestant Christianity as it is now organized are the foes of Templarism. And it is positive, too, that the Christian religion, no matter what its ultimate form, shall always have in Templarism an earnest ally of no mean power. In its Asylums year after year there are constantly, unostentatiously at work the educational and character-constructive processes which make immense contributions to American manhood in its highest forms. And quietly there is generated a sentiment religious and moral which, though latent, is mightily influential, and which only needs necessity to respond as Templars did of old "God wills it" to any Crusade for Humanity. It is not inconceivable that the day shall come when the solid phalanxes of "snow-white plumes" shall be needed to buttress the Cause of the Risen Christ and His Truth against infidelity, irreligion and ecclesi- astical tyranny. The Order makes no appeal for such recognition. It seeks no external alliances nor ties to demonstrate this, content to make its contribution in its own characteristic way, but thinking men who sensed the importance of the Divine Service August 7, 1910, make recognition of this fact. This chapter on the Divine Service, which called down upon Conclave week and its work the sanction of the Supreme Power's blessing, would not be complete without a tribute to the speaker of the day, who not only received from the assembled hosts but created in them and gave them much REV. SIR GEORGE H. MAC ADAM, D. D. i88 RELIGIOUS SERVICE of that inspired feeling and thought, wherewith, as the foregoing descrip- tion shows, the great meeting was rife. The Rev. George H. MacAdam is a modest and retiring man, not unhke that great spirit among the proph- ets of Israel and its Temple, Jeremiah. But as was the spirit of Jeremiah in its day, so is the clear mind and limpid soul of the Rev. Sir MacAdam imbued with that religious fervor and that prophetic zeal which stamps the true prophet of God's people and of God's own temple at all times and in all places. His pure and refined character, never seeking publicity, yet well known, honored, and respected wherever his work has been done and wherever the fame of his work has been disseminated; his firm convic- tion of the greatness and saving beneficence of truth and religion, as they are embodied in Christianity, and as they are mirrored in the ideas and ideals of the symbolic Ritual of Templarism; his power of fervent and con- vincing speech, such as only a true soul and strong mind can give, — all these made him evidently the man of the hour, the prophetic speaker, who cast the ideal spirit and religious glow not only over the meeting in Orchestra Hall on Sunday morning, but over the entire Conclave and all its work and all of its doings. His fine words spoken on this occasion deserve to be preserved for the Fraters of following generations as not the least of the great deeds of the Chicago Conclave The Sermon of Rev. Sir George H. MacAdam "Sir Knights and Brethern: I would like to direct your attention to a passage of Scripture from the good old Book, Galatians vi, 14. 'God forbid that I should glory save in the Cross of Christ my Lord.' "Tomorrow, and the days immediately following, the magnificent hospitality of this great city shall be repaid by a spectacle such as this generation perhaps has never before seen, when these streets shall be filled from curb to curb with the nodding plumes of the Templars, and as closely as may be in our prosaic century, the joust and tournament of the days of romance shall be imitated by a great festival — the ranks of marching men and the contests of friendly Knights. "But it is not mine this Sabbath morning preceding to anticipate these for you or to further engross your thought with their coming pleasures, but, rather, to seriously and faithfully point you to that symbol which reminds you of the manner of men you are and of the thing for which it stood and still stands in knighthood, — which more conspicuous than any other emblem shall float on every standard, be worn on every breast and stamped on every sword-hilt, — the symbol of the Cross of Jesus Christ. SERMON 189 "Universal agreement is had that the phenomenon was due to a tre- mendous devotion to the person of Jesus, an unquenchable enthusiasm to wear the Cross and achieve the graces for which it stood. And when this enthusiasm had passed away, and the impulse of the Crusaders had ebbed, there remained a most wonderful illustration of the magnetism of the Cross, a new manner of men who had been created, new standards and ideals which were henceforth to lift and empower succeeding generations, and especially the formation of the great brotherhoods of Christianity upon whose standards it has floated for nearly a thousand years and whose every sentiment and noble principle reflects the sacredness and upholds the traditions and meaning of the Cross of Jesus. "How closely the Knights Templar of today are in organism identified with the Order of the Temple founded in 11 24 we may not precisely say. But that they are the projection of the Spirit of Knighthood, that they carry with them the symbols and emblems of chivalry, as vital as they may be in an age 'When the war drum throbs no longer And the battle flags are furled. In the Congress of the Nations, The parliament of the world,' there can be no manner of doubt. For the Spirit of Knighthood, though it changes its form, its objects or weapons, leaps all boundaries, penetrates all ages, and, working upon such material as it may have in successive generations, ever produces the highest t}'pes of manliness. "It is true, 'The days of ancient knighthood are past; With leaping steed and thrilling trumpet-blast. Glitter of spears and wind-blown banners blest Rode the Crusaders. Far they rode and fast From heathen hands the sepulchre to wrest : And kingdoms shook beneath their mighty quest : The bounds of empire changed as they swept past.' "But sad would be the day when the Spirit of Chivalry should die. And yet they ride in spirit with us today. "As one has said: 'To-day where sound of sorrow has enticed. Fearless, afoot, thru mire of field or fen. Armed only with mail of love unpriced. Where hosts flame wide or darkness makes its den. The glad knights seek the sepulchre of Christ, Within the bodies and the souls of men.' igo RELIGIOUS SERVICE "And when Philip II and Pope Clement dissolved the Order of the Temple, to abolish abuses which had arisen, — and incidentally confiscate its vast wealth, — the continuity of its life was not broken, but transmitted to us. By the ideals of Chivalry, by the use of a beautiful symbolism, by the inculcation of the highest virtues of manhood, by an identity, in mean- ing, at least, of the highest vows which men may take upon themselves, we stand today, much too theoretically I fear, but nevertheless vitally, in touch with such men as Tennyson has described : 'A knight Who reverences his conscience as his king; Whose glory was redressing human wrong ; Who spake no slander nor listened to it; Who honored his own word as if his God's; Who led a sweet life in pure chastity; Who loved one only and who clove to her And worshiped her by years of noble deeds.' "Such men were Chevalier de Bayard, who, at Brescia, defended the honor of beset women. Such was Roland, the nephew of Charlemagne, the mark of whose sword is said to still exist in a huge cleft in the mountains of Aragon. Such was Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France, who, after a valorous life, died saying to his comrade, 'Wheresoever ye make warfare, remember that women, children, churchmen and the poor are not your enemies.' Jacques, the White Knight, without fear and without doubt, and a thousand others, beautiful, strong, gentle, yet stern men, whom Froissart and Walter Scott have painted for us. "There is an indescribable charm about them and those days, when their knighthood flowered. And making all due allowance for that enchant- ment which distance lends, for the pageantry and spectacle with which the romance has beguiled us, — every age is the more impressed by the simple beauty of their age away beyond the men of their day, as no other class in all history of the race has done; lifting themselves by the Cross they bore and the missions they undertook in the defense of the Christian religion, the protection and rescue of the weak and distressed, the establishment of justice and truth, the enemy of despotism and tyranny, they became the exponents of a new type of manhood, the advance rank of an ever-growing and improving order of civilization at the very heart of which lay the things for which the Cross of Jesus stands. These compeers of ours were the crest of a moral and spiritual tidal-wave flooding infinitely above the level of their time and lifting the men and institutions of their age. SERMON 191 "And shall it be said that the graces and virtues which charmed these men have no allurement for the men of our day? That we are identified with them only in the trappings and equipment, the show and gewgaws of our Order? That the Cross of Christ makes no call to us who wear it so conspicuously to be the kind of men for our age that our compeers were for theirs? "And right here I desire to refer you to some of the practical considera- tions concerning the Cross and its effect upon manhood and manliness. I desire to present to you, in the brief time I have remaining, the char- acteristics of the man who wears the Cross. First, I want to say that Templarism was due to three things, and if it is true to its traditions and its best principles it will be among the institutions that will furnish the world with good men; it will provide chivalrous men. To-day in this world of ours we are not ready to go to Heaven, as long as there is anything for us on this earth to do, for righteousness and truth are in this world of ours, and its greatest end is good men. "I must insist that the Cross is no insignificant nor powerless token. The centuries have not shorn it of its holy meaning nor its influence to transform its wearer into the likeness of Him who first bore it — the Prince- liest, Knightliest character of earth ; who changed it from the ugly sign of death and shame to the lustrous symbol of Life and Hope, made it the profoundest philosophy of nineteen centuries and the triumphant element in the power of a Christian civilization. I am here to declare that it has its potency in the twentieth as it had in the fourteenth century to grip human hearts, to rescue human lives and to lift human institutions. Tem- plarism does not desecrate it by making it merely the figure upon which to hang an arrangement of meaningless though beautiful sentiments and vapid expressions, but in its heart of hearts ranks up with those who cry; 'In the Cross of Christ 1 glory, Tow'ring o'er the wrecks of Time. All the light of sacred story Gathers 'round its head sublime.' "There are three things which Templarism should do for this day and age of the world in which we live. It should be one of the institutions, the aim of which is to provide character. The men it should produce should be reverent men. They should be chivalrous men. The wearing of this Cross ought to achieve a number of things for the age in which we live, as it did for the ages past. You will think of many things — I have thought of many — but there are three practical things which Templarism should accomplish. It should make good and better men for this age. 192 RELIGIOUS SERVICE "The spirit of that knighthood, if not its form, its objects or weapons, ought to leap all boundaries, penetrate all ages, and working upon such material as it may have, produce the highest tj-pe of manliness. Our need today is in the creation of a manhood which shall stand to our age as the knighthood of old stood to theirs, — a manhood with the magnetism of virtue and goodness which shall lift all the level of human life and character. "Dr. Holland spoke our need when he said: 'God give us men! A time like this demands Strong minds, great hearts, true faith, and ready hands, Men whom the lust of office does not kill, Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy. Men who possess opinions and a will; Men who have honor, men who will not lie; Tall men, sun-crowned, who live above the fog In public duty and private thinking.' "We need the renaissance, not of the methods of 'armor or warfare days of old, when knights were bold, and barons held their sway,' but a revival of the spirit of knight errantry and chivalry. We need a modern knighthood, with sword in hand, sharp as divine justice toward all wrong and oppression, but with its point broken for friend and needy; which shall make society and this earth an asylum indeed for suffering humanity; which shall, like that worthy knight who identified himself with his captive brethren, drink the libation of suffering and privation, and which shall ride on every crusade of rescue of virtue and right and which shall enlist every power in the service of Jesus the Christ. "Truly the shortage this world has to fear is the shortage of good men. We have smart men, brilliant men; we shall always have sharp men, shrewd men; we may depend upon a supply of able, talented, capacious men; but the crying need is for men who will wear the uniform of goodness and take upon themselves the vow of service. "This is not a modern need only. Chaldea, Babylon, Egjq^t, Greece, Rome, failed not, except that their men gave down. But this necessity is peculiarly plain to us of our day. We have not failed intellectually — we are failing morally. We have been able to create and operate forces and powers which we have not been good enough to morally direct and control. We have unlocked secrets and have loosed forces presenting temptations we have not been able to resist. We are today what Emerson has called 'The Prisoners of our Powers.' The blessings of the good God SERMON 193 to our age we have not been large or good enough to use beneficently, and the forces we have captured have in turn prevailed over us and we are led captive by the lust of them. "All the mighty processes which characterize our age, all the agencies which spell for us prosperity, all the conditions for a tremendous and permanent advance of civilization are here, replete, full-tided, — but we are short on men. And around us on every hand are the institutions which are able to supply all our needs, — everything else but good men. The Church stands almost alone as the champion of humanity. About us are the enterprises which seek to despoil and exploit men. There are great mills, which estimate him only as to the amount of steel he may make. There are mines, which seek to transmute his life-blood into so much coal as quickly as possible. There are tremendous enterprises, which ask of him only a brain that shall never fag. There never was a time when the cry of David could be so true as it is today, — 'No man careth for my soul.' Our eyes are upon what a man has, rather than what he is ; what is his con- dition, rather than what is his character. And very few of our twentieth- century agencies are intent upon the man himself in the endeavor to make him better. The forces of our day are intent upon the improvement of his condition. But among the agencies that shall stand out as exponents of true manhood, the champions of man, and which shall influence the thinking man, we point to Masonry not only as a social and a physical and a financial and a professional force, but more so as a religious force for the making of good men. And when I say good men, I mean the type of good men which Templarism ought peculiarly to produce, — the goodness which is aggressive and militant. There is that about the truly good man which flashes o'er the field of combat. He is willing to be obscure per- sonally, but his goodness cannot be hidden. It is something more than goody-goody; it is good for something; you can't put it under a bushel. It is the light of the world. It attacks darkness. It is the salt of the earth; it eats up gangrene and corruption. It believes that the meek shall finally inherit the earth, but the inheritance must be fought for by the side of the Christ who said: T came not to bring peace but a sword.' The color in the veins of goodness is red. There's iron in it. It is militant. It waits not behind castle walls for the attack; it is always afield. "It is the glorious opportunity of Templarism to help furnish this age with the kind of men it needs — men who will stand like their Fraters of old— "Simple, frank and wholesome in an age of ostentation and show; Rugged, four square in an age of luxury and ease and effeminancy; Honest among tricksters, sharpers and shrewd men ; Truthful amidst falsity, false standards and deceit; Merciful and tender in an age of ruthless disregard of human life. 194 RELIGIOUS SERVICE "0, there is no glory on this earth or in any other world like the glory of goodness. "Bret Harte's last poem, found after his death and but recently printed, was written at the time of the death of the good woman and queen, Victoria. When the flags were at half-mast all around the world, it took the poet to really speak our highest thought and offer a stricken people their highest consolation: 'When your men bowed heads together With hushed lips, And the globe swung out from gladness To eclipse; When your drums from the equator To the pole Carried 'round it an unending Funeral roll : When your capitals from Norway To the Cape, Thru the streets and from their houses Trailed their crape: Still the sun awoke to gladness As of old, And the stars their midnight beauty Still unrolled. For the glory born of goodness Never dies. And its flag is not half-masted In the skies.' "There is very much to sustain the charge that reverence is with Amer- icans a lost art, and ground to fear that as a virtue its beauty is no longer appreciated. A school-teacher said one morning: T believe that my children have a hole in the top of their heads where there should be (phreno- logically speaking) a bump.' And she in this way described a condition that exists in American society. Reverence is almost a lost art. "In 1896, when America sent her first representatives to Athens to contest in the revived Olympic games, they found that it was an American who was trying to post an advertisement of pickles upon the walls of the world-sacred Parthenon. We go over the earth, vandals in our treatment of sacred monuments. But when they must put for America especially a great sign on the Matterhorn, 'Do Not Remove This Mountain,' some idea comes to us of the foreign conception of our traveled countrymen. SERMON 195 "In our recoil from superstition as relates to religious subjects, from todyism to titles and coronets, from dependence upon tradition and blood, we have swung too far, and we are developing the flippant, silly and simpering thing, the top of whose head is a hollow. "Emerson says: 'Isn't indifferentism as bad as superstition?' Let us answer for him. It is worse, for when superstition has had its final harvest, it results in indifferentism or irreverence. I fear that the genus homo who lacks the primal virtue of reverence is on the increase. "In the home, where standards of authority are despised, — 'My daugh- ter and I are like two sisters,' said a woman one day in trying to explain the scarlet mark upon her face, where the daughter had slapped her in no sisterly mood. In our schools, where the John Hopkins no longer sit to make even a log with a student at the other end of it a whole university, by the force of dominance of the teaching mind and the respect and receptivity of the learning or student mind; in society, where respect for ability and brains is replaced by a slavish servitude of the men with dollars; in literature, where the hand of the vandal touches Homer, Shakespeare, Isaiah, and even poor Bobby Burns, and tears them from their places in our hearts; in the Nation, where we tear down our fames, desecrate our holy days and deface our monuments. "Among the institutions which maintain a proper reverence, which teach the spirit of humility, most salient indeed stands our Order. There come to every member of it times when to go on he must fall upon his knees. There are objects of so great veneration that he kisses them. There are holy places on his pilgrimage before which he stands unshod. There are times when his strength cannot be used and he is content to be led as a little child. There are experiences which strip him of the pride of money and wealth and he is glad of help. He works ever at his tasks under the All-Seeing Eye of the Great Architect of the Universe. If he is not a reverent man, he has not learned well the lessons of his craft. "The knight of old was especially a reverent soul. When he was invested with his weapons he was taught that they were sacred to knighthood, and when kneeling in humility and prayer he received his accolade, it was but the flat of the sword, and these words : 'In honor of God and the Virgin pure This receive and nothing more : Be honest, true and brave. Better knight than slave.' "So reverenced was the ceremony that a sovereign could attain to no higher honor. And after fasting and watching all night over his arms, he 196 RELIGIOUS SERVICE came to the altar robed in white, swearing to be a true servant of the truth, of right, religion and woman. And it is particularly in the perpetuation of this spirit of reverence for the things that are dear and true, and Almighty, that we, Sir Knights, may serve our day and time. "We ought to preserve the note of chivalry. It is the note of chivalry with especial reference to the regard for and protection of woman. The service of woman formed an essential part of knightly customs, and nothing was more prominent among his obligations than his vow of courtesy to woman. In an especial sense he became her champion and the protector of children, and often he wore upon his helmet or lance and often over his heart the colors of his lady, who became the idol of his devotion, for whom he attempted the impossible and for whom he would die if necessary a thous- and deaths, — whom perhaps he might never see in person, but for whom he cherished an ideal; who might be so far above him in the social circle that he must worship and serve, — as a star, from afar, — perhaps his queen, — often the Virgin Mary, many times breathing her name with his latest breath as the battlefield darkened his closing eyes. And she lived and died, perhaps, never knowing of his devotion, so unostentatious, so humble was his service, but the love with which he idolized her was held to sanctify and was reflected in the devotion which he felt for every noble lady or defenseless woman. She, his ideal of beauty, gentleness and love, inflamed his bosom with a passion to serve her and all her kind, to perform great deeds at her bidding, or in fame of her fair name, and to conquer or die under her colors. And it was this submission of the mighty and strong to the gentle yoke of women, which chiefly contributed to civilize and humanize the rude manners of their age. "And here in our age we again need the note from afar. There is profound philosophy underlying the requirements of Masonry as to the relations of a Mason to the women of our homes. Some one has said, 'The criterion of a man's character is not his creed, religion, intellectual or moral; it is the degree of respect he has for women.' And it is not so much that woman requires the protection of man, as that man is, at his highest proportion, as his view of woman is elevated and his conduct toward her is chivalrous. "DeTocqueville, the brilliant Frenchman, comparing Latin and Anglo- Saxon civilization, has well said: 'If I were asked to what the singular prosperity and growing strength of that people ought mainly be attrib- uted, I should reply, to the superiority of their women.' And the place of woman is made by the respect accorded her by the men of a Nation. SERMON 197 But America has been listening to too many free-love theories of erratics like Hubbard and Herron. We have seen too many doubtful plays from the pen of Bernard Shaw. We have endured too much from importa- tions like the Russian, Gorky, who dared to expect entree into our best society while accompanied by a woman who was not his wife. We have listened to too many diseased minds who have recommended probationary marriages. We have seen the contempt for the marital vow grow into a laxity expressed most elocjuently by the figures of our divorce courts. We have heard the raucous voice of the suffragette imputing her peculiarities to all women; and we haven't as yet seen that we have been tampering with the various laws of national health and well being, for every attempt to undermine the home or destroy the conventions of our society is an attack upon our women. "A young man was asked to respond to a toast, 'Women.' He called attention to the frailties of the sex, claimed that the best among them were little better than the worst and the difference was due to surroundings. As he finished, I think it must have been a Mason who, with profound indignation, said, 'I trust that this man, in the application of his remarks, refers to his own mother and sisters, not to ours.' Here spoke the chivalry of true knighthood that is needed in the twentieth century, as well as in the eleventh and the fourteenth. "When the Japanese princes were in attendance upon the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, an American statesman one day said to one of them, 'What do you think of your mother?' The foreigner's eyes filled with tears and he said, 'You are the first to ask this question. Why do you do it?' The American replied, 'Because the answer to the question throws a strong light on the domestic life and family ties of a people, as well as the personal character of its individual citizens and on the morals and customs and Governments of the Nations.' "Just before the battle of Manila, when the order was given to strip for action, the smallest powder-boy on the flag ship dropped his coat over- board. He asked permission to jump after it, but was refused. He went to the other side of the ship, dropped overboard, recovered his coat, and was promptly arrested for disobedience. Admiral Dewey spoke kindly to the youngster, who broke down and said that the coat contained his mother's picture, which he had just kissed, and he could not bear to see it lost. Dewey's eyes filled with tears; he fairly embraced the boy and ordered him to be released, saying: 'Boys who love their mothers enough to risk their lives for her picture, cannot be kept in irons on this fleet.' 198 RELIGIOUS SERVICE And here spoke the man who needs to impart a httle of that chivalrous feeling to this day and generation in which we live. And, today, reaching farther back than the chivalrous conduct of our Fraters of old, — our inspiration to the defense of not only our own, but of womanhood in general, comes from the great Captain of our Salvation, whose last act was the commission from the Cross of His mother to his dearest friend, whose chivalry made a rescue and gave history a Mary Magdalene, who stood between a howling mob and a poor woman, — most poor because she was impure, and said: 'Let him that is without sin cast the first stone.' "Sir Knights, I say to you that when my loved ones leave home and I have fastened upon them the emblems of Masonry, I feel that they are commended to the highest chivalry on this earth, — and when in my travels I meet a woman upon whose garments I see the sign, there is made to me an appeal like that made to the knights of old, — and this is one of the notes which our day needs, and for which it owes more to Masonry than to any other institution. "To us, if to any of earth, has descended an inheritance, a slight touch at least with that life of old. The very names and symbols, under which we assemble and by which we work, recall to us the glory of departed days and make us a part of one of the sublimest impulses and movements of all time. "In the palace of Baldwin, the King of Jerusalem, the Knights of the Temple first met. Our touch with them may be slight, but enough to enforce upon us these two vital and closing thoughts : "No organization is permanent in its influence for good which obscures or is faithless to its original nobleness of purpose. "So it is with men, so it is with institutions, so it is with Nations. "The inheritance of which we are today reminded involves and implies responsibility. All the purposes of this great Order are to make us better men. We cannot become a part of it without certification of the posses- sion of certain qualities of manliness. But all about us, lessons, symbols, associations, are to stimulate us to improve ourselves. The journey of life emphasizes the beauty of every human virtue, and the inculcation and practice of these would make us, as it made the Templars of old, the sun-crowned men of our day." CHAPTER XII OFFICIAL ENTRANCE OF GRAND ENCAMPMENT AND RECEPTION OF THE GRAND COMMANDERIES EVER was mediaeval city more lavish and expansive in its welcome to the Knights of old returning from victorious battle than was Chicago in its reception of the Knight Templar hosts of the United States, who gathered for the Thirty-first Triennial Conclave. Chicago Commanderies had yielded their most knightly sons for service on what proved to be a most resplendent mounted reception committee, headed by Eminent Sir Benjamin S. Wilson. This committee of four hundred mounted Knights formed one of the most imposing mounted bodies ever seen in Chicago. On the day preceding the arrival of the vanguard of the Knight Templar hosts Chairman Wilson gathered his committee in the Loop District, where they were bivouaced during the first days of the Encampment, and from which rendezvous they could move easily and readily to the different railway stations where the Templar hosts arrived. The first of the notable visitors to the city was Sir Knight William B. Mellish, who, by virtue of the death of Grand Commander Rugg, was the ranking official in the opening days of the Grand Encampment. He had arrived, incognito, two days previous to his oflicial visitation, but after spending a couple of days with his daughter, Mrs. B. F. Harris, at Champaign, 111., he was officially received on Saturday, August 6th, by what Right Eminent Grand Commander John D. Cleveland called "The greatest welcoming demonstration ever accorded to a Grand Master of the Order in Templar history." He was received at the Illinois Central Station, where he was taken in charge with truly regal pomp by his fellow Knights. As befitted these modern times, the Most Eminent Grand Master was attired most democratically in a plain gray business suit and a straw hat. The Reception Committee of members of the Grand Commander}- of Illinois, and visitors of high rank, led the Most Eminent Grand Master to a 200 OFFICIAL ENTRANCE big black automobile and ushered him out on Park Row, where there were waiting 700 of his loyal vassals, whose Heaven-pointing swords flashed their tribute. This great guard of honor had assembled early in the afternoon and had marched through the crowded streets to the Illinois Central Station, attracting much attention on the part of the thousands of Conclave ^'isitors. There were six hundred men on foot and one hundred on horse, every one of them flourishing lance or drawn sword and appareled in the gor- geous Templar uniform of black and white. The reception host was headed by two platoons of mounted police under the active direction of Captain John J. Healey. The automobiles which carried the Grand Master of the Templars and his family and staff ran through the lanes of black, white and gold to the City Gate on Michigan avenue. Here the autos were met by the Grand Commandery of Illinois, which passed in review. In the center of this brilliant array, a black horse, wearing blanket and saddle and other trappings with the Knight Templar insignia, was led. This was the horse of Most Eminent Grand Master Rugg, who had passed beyond the possibility of all earthly receptions, and whose death was mourned even in the midst of such chivalrous reception of the living great ones. After the review of the Grand Commandery of Illinois, Acting Grand Master Melish and his staff followed their escort through the "City Gate," arriving at the Congress Hotel, where they found the Chicago Knights Templar and thousands of interested spectators, who had gathered irrespective of race, religion or social cleavage, to do honor to the ranking Knight Templar of the United States. After the Acting Grand Master of the Encampment had been duh' installed in his headquarters, the Grand Commandery of Illinois escorted their ranking official. Grand Commander Cleveland, to his headquarters in the Hotel La Salle. Accomimnying Cirand Master Melish from the railway station to his hotel were Right Eminent Grand Commander John Durham Cleve- land, Grand Captain General William L. Sharp, Most Eminent Past Grand Master General George M. Moulton, Grand Sword Bearer Andrew J. Redmond and Grand Junior Warden Thomas A. Stevens. Following the car of Acting Grand Master Melish was a second, which contained Mrs. Melish, her daughter, Mrs. Harris, Mrs. John Durham Cleveland, Miss Mary Cleveland and Milton E. Robinson. "THE CITY GATE" "THE STATE PORTAL" 202 OFFICIAL ENTRANCE In striking contrast to the reception accorded the Grand Encampment which met in Chicago in 1880 was the reception which had been planned and most elaborately and successfully executed for the coming of the Thirty-first Triennial Conclave. In 1880, Chicago was, as compared with now, but a "village by the lake." And the reception which Chairman Wilson and his committee actually carried out has never been excelled in the receiving of any such similar gathering of men in the history of the United States; the reception committee of Chicago Templars is a thing upon which all Illinois Knights Templar look with pride. Next in importance to the reception of Grand Master Melish was the reception of the Right Honorable the Earl of Euston, G. C. T., Most Eminent and Supreme Pro Grand Master of the Great Priory of England and Wales, who was received with all the pomp and ceremony commen- surate with his rank and heartily accorded by the spirit of American hospitality. With the Earl of Euston were the Very Eminent Knight, the Lord Athlumney, K. C. T., Past Great Constable; the Very Eminent Knight, Thomas Eraser, K. C. T., Great Marshall; the Eminent Knight, R. Newton Crane, Past Great Herald; the Eminent Knight, H. J. Homer, Acting Grand Master's Banner Bearer; and the Eminent Knight, John Ferguson, Acting Great Aide de Camp. These representatives of English Templary were met on Monday at 9 o'clock by Sir John D. Cleveland, Grand Commander of Illinois, Sir George M. Moulton, Past Grand Master, Sir Lee S. Smith and Sir W. Frank Pierce, and an escort committee which marshalled the party to the Congress Hotel, where in connection with the Canadian deputation and the Grand Master's staiT, the customary round of official courtesies was exchanged. The first of the arrivals from the different states were the representa- tives of Ohio Templars, and from early morning till late at night on Mon- day the mounted escort of Chicago Templars kept the streets of Chicago leading from the railway stations to the various hotels of the city thronged and enlivened with prancing steeds, marching hosts and martial music. Each Commandery, as it arrived, was met, and the official receptions took place with such forethought and precision that no slight mistake or inconvenience was occasioned; and the baggage, as well as other minor details of the reception, were cared for, as though this were the only matter upon the busy committee's mind and hands. Massachusetts, where the Pilgrim Fathers landed 290 years ago, sent its delegation, and California, 3,000 miles farther West, was represented The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Euston, G. C. T., m. e. and s. pro grand master of the great priory of england and wales. The E. H. .1. Homer acting g. m.'s banner hearer The E. R. Newton Crane, past g. herald The V. E. Thomas Eraser, K. C. T., great marshall The Lord Athlumney past g. constable RECEPTION OF GRAND COMMANDERIES 205 by a band of descendants of the sturdy '49-ers. Florida, Georgia and Louisiana contributed delegations from the sunny South, and from Winnipeg, Man., came another company, brawny Highlanders, preceded by a band of twelve pipers, who "skirled" the "Auld" tunes with a "richt good will." They poured in from all sections, thousands of them. Knights and their ladies. It was estimated by the various station masters that not less than sixty special trains had been received in a day, while there were few regular trains from any distance that did not have special cars attached bearing a Commandery or two. A Commandery from Houghton, Mich., arrived. The Wolverines were fifty strong and presented a pretty sight as they marched along the platform and into Canal street behind their escort of Chicago Knights from Apollo Commandery. The Fulton (Ky.) Commandery was one of the early arrivals. Each Knight wore a twist of black burley tobacco on his lapel. They were led by Eminent Commander George W. Gates and were escorted to the Congress Hotel. Paducah and Princeton arrived later, the former led by E. W. Wittemore. Lone Stars were sprinkled all over the station when the Houston, Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, Templars arrived. The Texans had eight Past Grand Commanders among them, including General H. G. Stoddard of Bryan, Past Grand Master of the United States. Sir Stoddard is seventy years old, but declared that he intended to bear his sword in the parade with the younger generation. 'T'm as spry as any of them," declared the aged Knight. "I'll bet a lot of them will be willing to drop out of line long before I will." Damascus Commandery of New York created quite a bit of excite- ment, when it arrived. It was a hundred strong and received many cheers. After them came the Detroit (Mich.) Knights, Ann Arbor and Jackson- ville (Mich.), Raper Commandery of IndianapoKs, Baldwin Commandery of WilHamsport, Pa., Kalamazoo, Mich., Decatur, 111., Hugh De Payne of Buffalo, N. Y., and Urbana Commandery of Illinois. Raper Commandery, No. i, was represented by 800 Knights. This Commandery has a national reputation on account of the prominent national characters and statesman who have been members of it, — such as ex-President Benjamin Harrison, Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks, James Whitcomb Riley, Oliver P. Morton, Thomas Taggart and many others. 2o6 OFFICIAL ENTRANCE Cairo Comraandery, No. 13, was an early arrival at the Park Row Station. After them came the delegations from Jacksonville, Tenn., and Memphis, Tenn. St. Elmo Commandery did not arrive until later. St. Paul Commandery, No. 34, marched out of the station and was escorted to its quarters. Washington Commandery, No. i, of Hartford, Conn., attracted con- siderable attention. It arrived ninety-seven strong, with twenty women, and took up headquarters at the La Salle. The Commandery claims the distinction of being the oldest in the United States. One of the most conspicuous arrivals of the day was that of the Grand Commandery of Minnesota, headed by Grand Commander James C. Burchard. The special train drew into the Wells Street Station and the Knights, representing six Commanderies, marched to the Congress Hotel where the Grand Commandery was quartered during that week. It was an illustrious company, with the Governor of the State, A. O. Eberhard. Governor Eberhard proved himself a true Knight when he disdained a carriage that was proffered him by the Chicago reception com- mittee and said he would march with the other Knights. Besides J. W. Chamberlin, Very Eminent Grand Sword Bearer, the delegation included several other dignitaries, among them Past Grand Commanders of Minnesota, A. M. Shuey, T. H. Warren, Henry Burkett, George W. Buck, W. E. Richardson and W. Hayes Laird. With the Grand Commander of Minnesota were Damascus Com- mandery, No. I, of St. Paul, with fifty Knights; Zion, No. 2, of Minneap- olis, with forty; Darius, No. 7, of Minneapolis, with forty; Duluth, No. 18, with seventy-five, and Palestine, No. 21, of St. Paul, with fifty, and Min- neapolis Mounted Commandery, No. 23. Besides the Commanderies represented by official delegations there were individual representatives from all the other Commanderies in the State. They brought a band of twenty-five pieces, all the musicians being Knights Templar. The band gave a concert at the reception given in the Enghsh Breakfast Room at the Congress Hotel by the Grand Commandery. Allegheny Commandery, No. 35, from Pittsburgh, arrived on a special train over the Pennsylvania Road, detraining at the Union Station and marching to the Briggs House. At the Briggs also was quartered Escanaba Commandery, No. 47, from Escanaba, Mich. Rock Island Commandery, with ninety-five Sir Knights and enough ladies to make the whole company number one hundred and forty per- RECEPTION OF GRAND COMMANDERIES 207 sons, arrived at the La Salle Street Station on one of a dozen special trains that came in on the Rock Island and Lake Shore roads. The Indiana Grand Commandery registered at the Palmer House. Nearly all the Knights were accompanied by their ladies. The Florida Grand Commandery had a pretty display at the Palmer House. Spanish moss, as it grows in the Everglades, and cocoa palms formed part of the decorations, and the headquarters were visited during the day by hundreds. Many of the outlying hotels claimed delegations. The big represen- tation from Kansas City Commandery, No. 10, of Kansas City, Mo., went out to the Vendome Hotel. Warren Commandery, No. 39, of Warren, Ohio, went to the Jackson, and the Mount Calvary, No. i, from Omaha, was at the Lexington. The Calvary Commandery from Woodstock, 111., took up headquarters at the Saratoga. The Knights of De Molay Commandery, from Louisville, Ky., headed by Commander Sir William Trumbo, marched from the Union Station to their headquarters at the Congress Hotel. Damascus Commandery, No. 42, Detroit, Mich., and Cyrene Precep- tory, No. 29, Toronto, Canada, arrived over the Michigan Central Railroad on a special train. Damascus Commandery was represented by one hundred Knights and a band of thirty pieces. The Canadian Commandery had seventy-five swords in the parade. The Commandery and Preceptory received much applause as they marched up Michigan avenue. It is manifestly impossible to recount the advent of each separate Commandery. Suffice it to say that, in spite of the busy bustle which characterizes Chicago streets and railway stations, and which was increased a hundred-fold by the inflowing crowds of the Convention, Chicago did itself proud in the warm welcome and in the care for the comfort of its guests, both in the reception and during their stay. CHAPTER XIII THE GREAT PARADE AND REVIEW N TUESDAY, August gth, at lo o'clock in the morning, the great parade began to move north in Michigan boulevard at the inter- section of Thirtieth street, escorting the Grand Encampment from that point to the grand reviewing stand in Grant Park opposite Music Hall, where the business sessions of the Con- clave were held, after the marching hosts had been reviewed by the Grand Master and the members of the Grand Encampment. It has been said that there never was a more gorgeously brilliant parade in the annals of pageantry. In scenic display, in custom and costume, Norman and Anglo-Saxon history from the days of King Arthur's Knightly Round Table through the chivalrous days of Queen Elizabeth and the early Georges, was re-enacted, as the splendor of the marching Knight Templar hosts paraded before the adoring multitudes who crowded reviewing stands, windows, balconies and balustrades. Even the returning victorious monarchs of ancient history, with their galaxy of conquered kings, queens and princes, and the reception accorded them by their subjects did not excel the reception which was accorded the legions of uniformed Knights Templar, as they marched forth through the arch into the friendly Conclave city. Mile on mile of uniformed Knights with plumes tossing, swords flashing and pennants waving, amid the flash and blare of more than two-score bands, the triumphal march of the peaceful Knights Templar army passed through the streets of the willingly captive city, the entire citizenship of which formed a reception committee to the Thirty-first Triennial Conclave which was formally opened upon the completion of the parade. After this the Knights passed into a veritable hot-bed of rampant Templarism, for the grand stands along Michigan avenue were crowded with their wives, daughters, and other relatives, soHd blocks of them, almost 50,000 in all. These stands were glowing masses of undulating color, as the feminine contingent from many Chicago Commanderies were o 2; w U ^■ J O O U Q fe H 5 2 u D E O ESCORT OF THE M.E.G.M 211 dressed in the colors of their Knights' lodges. Several of these bodies of women marched to their seats in columns of two or four in military order. As the first ranks of the parade passed these stands they were greeted with cheers, fluttering handkerchiefs, clapping of hands and waving parasols, and when the last ranks passed, after hours of burning sun and stormy showers, they, too, were greeted with cheers, fluttering hand- kerchiefs, clapping of hands and waving parasols. Close behind the police and the Grand Marshal and his staft" came the two Commanderies honored with the duty of escorting to his place the Acting Most Eminent Grand Master and his guests, Trinity Commandery of Cincinnati, and Golden Gate Commandery of California. The former of these is the Commandery to which the Grand Master belongs, and the other is one of the wealthiest Commanderies in the Order. Trinity Commandery had its own band, which drew much favorable attention as it marched in the form of a cross, playing "Onward, Christian Soldiers," under the direction of Drum Major Frank E. Webner, for sixteen years with the First Regiment, I. N. G., of Chicago. The California Commandery was the only one which was allowed to parade on horseback, but that was because the horses had been brought all the way from California. The uniforms of the members were heavy with solid silver, and the Eminent Commander, Henry Manndrell, wore one of gold, valued at $7,500. These two Commanderies drew up on the west side of the avenue when the reviewing stand was reached, and remained at attention until the fifty carriages containing the high offlcers of and visitors to the Grand Encampment had been emptied and their occupants comfortably disposed in the grand stand, the only one protected from sun and rain by a canopy. The reviewers numbered several hundred, but the chief of them were Most Eminent Acting Grand Master Melish, the Earl of Euston, Pro Grand Master of the Great Priory of England and Wales; Grand Generalissimo Sir Arthur MacArthur, the Very Eminent Captain General of the Grand Encampment; Sir Frank W. Pierce, and the Most Eminent and Supreme Grand Master of the Great Priory of Canada, Sir Luther B. Archibald. The Cincinnati and San Francisco Commanderies then counter- marched south on the avenue and passed in review, followed by King Edward Preceptory of Winnipeg, which completed the first di\-ision. 212 • GREAT PARADE AND REVIEW The band of Scotch Highlanders, in costume, which led this Precep- tory was one of the principal attractions of the parade. The shrill music of the pipes, the extraordinary evolutions of the bass drummer, and the picturesque costumes kept the crowd cheering from start to finish. The first division was commanded by Sir Edgar S. Dudley, Past Grand Commander of Nebraska, and by Sir Wallace H. Whigam. The second division, composed of the Joseph Warren and Coeur de Lion Commanderies of Boston, was led by Sir Walter H. Burnham and Sir Frank L. Nagle. Each Commandery was accompanied by a band, the first, composed of members of the Commandery, being notable for its brilliant yellow caps. Following General Charles King and Colonel Horace M. Seaman came the third division, composed of Central City Commandery of Syracuse, N. Y. ; Washington Commandery of Hartford, Conn. ; the Grand Command- eries of New York, Virginia, Vermont, and New Hampshire in carriages, and three bands. The fourth division was composed of Ohio Commanderies exclusively. It was commanded by Sir Charles F. Henry, Commander of Ohio, and Sir Henry Schaefer. With 1,449 ni^n in line and twelve bands, it ranked next to the Illinois division in size. The Cambridge Commandery band, which led it, was probably the most gorgeously costumed of any in the whole procession. The Commanderies in the Ohio division which attracted attention were: Marietta, Hanselmann of Cincinnati, Akron, Palestine of Spring- field, Fostoria, Cincinnati, Oriental of Cleveland, Warren of Warren, Holyrood of Cleveland, Tifhn, Youngstown, Columbus, Marion, Forest City, Van Wert, Lebanon, Defiance, Dayton, Salem, Findlay, and Toledo Commanderies. The fifth division was made up of Commanderies from Paducah and Louisville, Ky., and representatives of the Grand Commandery of Maine in a carriage. Colonel Ernest Macpherson was Marshal of the division and Sir John H. Leathers was his Chief of Staff. This division was distinguished by having the only colored band in the parade, and the band distinguished itself by playing "Old Kentucky Home" an indeterminate number of times. .Pennsylvania Commanderies formed a division by themselves, and it was one of the largest Commanderies in the parade. Sir Charles M. Clement, Past Commander, was Marshal and Sir Boyd A. Musser acted as his Chief of Staff. o u o 2; 214 GREAT PARADE AND REVIEW Baldwin Commandery of Williamsport led off, with its big band playing "The Star Spangled Banner" with a spirit that brought the whole reviewing stand to its feet. Then came Pittsburgh Commandery, 140 strong, with its band, Allegheny Commandery with a band, keeping its alignment perfect from curb to curb, Ascalon of Pittsburgh, also accom- panied by musicians, and Scranton and McKeesport, similarly attended. The seventh division was to have been composed of the Commanderies of Indiana, Texas and Mississippi, but through lack of uniforms the Missis- sippians did not appear in the parade. The division was in charge of Sir Winfield J. Durbin, Past Grand Commander of Indiana, and Colonel E. P. Thayer. There were no Texas Commanderies in line, but the Grand Commandery of that State was represented by officials in a carriage. The Indiana councils were short on bands, there being only three distributed among the sixteen Commanderies from that State. The Commanderies were: Raper, of Indianapolis, Lafayette, Fort Wayne, Greencastle, South Bend, Kendallville, Lebanon, Logansport, Newcastle, Plymouth, Valparaiso, Elkhart, Anderson, Washington, Mishawaka, and Hammond. At about this time refreshments were served in the box containing the Earl of Euston, the Acting Grand Master of the Order, and the other high officials. They consisted of ham and cheese sandwiches and mugs of milk, and seemed to be welcomed by all. Master Harris, the grandson of Grand Master Melish and his only companion on the carriage ride to the stand, had long been the envy of his elders as he straddled the railing around the box and consumed quantities of popcorn. Indiana was followed by the eighth division, composed of Michigan Knights, led by Sir George L. Harvey and Sir William H. Kessler. Michigan was beaten in numbers only by Illinois and Ohio. The progress of her sixteen Commanderies was announced by seven bands, one of which, that from the college town of Ann Arbor, played the classic ditty, "He Ran, He Ran for Michigan, O! How He Ran," as it passed the reviewing stand, contrasting strangely with the often-repeated "Onward, Christian Soldiers." The Commanderies in line for Michigan were Detroit, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Jackson, Niles, Monroe, Houghton, Owosso, Ann Arbor, Benton Harbor, Lansing, Saginaw, Bay City, Ithaca, Coldwater, and Damascus of Detroit, the last named one of the largest bodies from outside Chicago. o X 2i6 GREAT PARADE AND REVIEW The ninth division was handicapped by tlie removal of its star Com- mandery, Golden Gate of San Francisco, to act as escort to the Grand Master, but made a fine showing nevertheless. Sir Henry C. Schaertzer and Sir George T. Hooley, chiefs of this division, led the Grand Com- manderies of California, Tennessee and New Jersey in carriages, eleven Commanderies from Wisconsin on foot and five bands. Bands which attracted attention were those of the First Wisconsin Infantry and a Kenosha Templar band in white. The Wisconsin Commanderies in line were Milwaukee, Janesville, Madison, Racine, La Crosse, Berlin, Mineral Point, Waukesha, Ivanhoe, of Milwaukee, and Kenosha. At 1:15, while the Racine Commandery was passing, rain began to fall, and fell at frequent intervals throughout the remainder of the parade, but there was little flinching on the part of the spectators, and none on the part of the Knights. The tenth division was made up of the Grand Commanderies of Alabama and Louisiana in carriages, the Grand Commandery of Missouri mounted, Ascalon and St. Aldemar Commanderies of St. Louis, Hannibal and Kansas City Commanderies, and two bands, led by Sir G. W. Carson, Past Grand Commander of Missouri, and Sir William Y. Bean. Commanderies from Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Iowa City, and x\namosa, Iowa, and one band, led by Sir E. Olin Soule and Sir Charles E. Overshine, constituted the eleventh division. In the twelfth division were found, under Sir Alfred M. Shuey and Sir James R. Smith, Knights from Kansas with great yellow sunflowers embroidered on their breasts, and the Minnesota contingent of one band and the following Commanderies: St. Paul, Minneapolis, Faribault, Duluth, and Paladin, of St. Paul. Baltimore Commandery, with a band of sixty pieces and over one hun- dred Knights in line, brought cheers from the first for the thirteenth di\'ision, officered by Sir Thomas J. Sheyock, Past Grand Commander of Mary- land, and Sir Charles Clark. One other band, Commanderies from Omaha, Nebraska, Wheeling, West Virginia, and representatives of the Grand Commanderies of Arkansas and Colorado in carriages completed the division. The Grand Commanderies of Washington, North Dakota and Oregon, in carriages, and Sioux City Commandery of Sioux City, S. D., on foot, formed the fourteenth division, under Sir Samuel H. Jumper and Sir William D. Swain. < < O o z w Q o 2i8 GREAT PARADE AND REVIEW Washington, Columbus and Potomac Commanderies of the District of Columbia, and representatives of Florida, New Mexico, Idaho, Oklahoma and South Carolina, accompanied by one band, made up the fifteenth division. Then came the sixteenth division under Sir John Durham Cleveland, Grand Commander of Illinois, and Sir Harry Hayes Cleaveland, Deputy Grand Commander, dwarfing all that had gone before by its magnitude. Over 5,000 marchers were included in the twenty bands and forty- nine Commanderies from this State. Thirteen Commanderies had over one hundred men in line and eight of these had over two hundred. It took an hour for this division to pass the reviewing stand. The Commanderies in the order in which they marched were : Apollo of Chicago, Peoria, Joliet, Morris, Springfield, Galesburg, Decatur, Free- port, Ottawa, Waukegan, Cairo, Urbana, Rockford, Chicago of Chicago, Princeton, Aurora, Bloomington, Woodstock, Carrollton, Dixon, Mount Vernon, Mendota, Jacksonville, Streator, Rock Island, Kankakee, Augusta, Fairbury, St. Bernard of Chicago, Elgin, Sycamore, Tuscola, Paxton, Chevalier Bayard of Chicago, Montjoie of Chicago, Siloam of Oak Park, Rushville, Sterling, Evanston, Englewood, South Chicago, Columbia of Chicago, Lincoln Park of Chicago, St. Elmo of Chicago, Champaign, Kewanee, Rogers Park of Chicago, and Mizpah of Chicago. The band of the last-named Commandery made a great hit, as it trailed dripping over the wet streets through the drenched crowds, playing vigorously, "Call Me Up Some Rainy Afternoon." The crowd of spectators in Mayor Busse's reviewing stand at Michi- gan avenue and Madison street was second only to that which filled the main grand stand three blocks south in Grant Park. As early as 9 o'clock the first arrivals appeared and claimed their seats. By 10 o'clock the grand stand was half filled, and by the time the vanguard of the marching host appeared far down Michigan avenue there was scarcely a vacant seat. Mayor Busse arrived at the reviewing stand shortly before 11 o'clock. He was accompanied by Mayor Martin Behrman of New Orleans, Alder- man Milton J. Foreman, Alderman Charles M. Foell, Commissioner of Public Works Bernard J. Mullaney, Commissioner of Buildings Murdock Camp- bell, and Inspector of Oils Charles W. x^ndrews. During the parade several other aldermen paid their respects to the Mayor. Attached to the Mayor's party and the smaller grand stand was Sir Gorham B. Coffin, Chairman of the Decorations and Electrical Display Committee. Inspector Nicholas Hunt had charge of the policemen on duty before the reviewing stand. o < u s JP^^^ H W W CO \ M 1 C' w ■^ w q -^m, % -< ^^s0^ % ~ 0, nii ^\ 220 GREAT PARADE AND REVIEW During the hour's wait between the arrival of the Mayor's party and the appearance of the Knight Templar hosts the attempted assassination of Mayor Gaynor of New York was the topic of anxious inquiry and speculation. Mayor Busse had received the news before he arrived at the stand, but liad not learned the extent of Mayor Gaynor's injury. It was nearly 12 o'clock when the iirst section of the parade, closely following the cavalcade of empty carriages which had delivered the general encampment officials at the lower reviewing stand and which were forced to go north to Randolph street to leave the avenue, came in view. Mayor Busse stood and doffed his straw hat as the first party of general officers rode by and saluted. Although a Knight himself. Mayor Busse appeared in citizen's dress, distinguishable from thousands of other citizens only by a Templar emblem on his coat lapel. As division after division swept by, the officers saluting, Mayor Busse returned the salutes sometimes by raising his hat and other times by an emphatic nod of the head or a wave of the hand. He rose and raised his hat a second time when the officers of the Illinois Grand Commandery rode by at the head of the last division. Governor Deneen and Governor Davidson of Wisconsin viewed the parade from a grand stand in Jackson boulevard at the south end of the Government Building. In the box with Governor Deneen and Governor Davidson were Con- gressmen W. A. Rodenberg of East St. Louis and Pleasant T. Chapman of Vienna. Colonel Bernard A. Eckhart was the member of Governor Deneen's miHtary staff who accompanied him. Only five Illinois Commanderies had passed the Governor's stand when the police lines broke. The crowd surged out into the boulevard, and to all intents and purposes the parade was over. Immediately following the unexcelled demonstration of Knight Templarism in the parade, the open session of the Conclave began in Music Hall, at which Mayor Busse drew applause when he welcomed the Knights Templar to the city. He spoke, in part, as follows: "Chicago is honored in being made the scene of the Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment of the Knights Templar. We can best express our appreciation of that honor, and we aim to express it, by extending to you the best we have to give in thought and deed. "Therefore, again, in behalf of all the people of Chicago, Knights Templar, I bid you welcome, and hope that your stay will be pleasant to all Knights Templar individually, and that your official deliberations will be profitable to the splendid work in which your noble Order is engaged." PARADE— CHICAGO COMMANDERIES 222 GREAT PARADE AND REVIEW In speaking for the Knights Templar of IlHnois Right Eminent Sir Cleveland said: "It is a very great honor to have the Thirty-first Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment in Illinois, and we have felt it to be so ever since our return from Saratoga three years ago. I have no words which express my delight and the deUght of the Templars of Illinois at this gath- ering. We are going to extend to you the very best sample of our hos- pitality. We, the Templars of Illinois, welcome you from our hearts." Presenting a gavel to Acting Most Eminent Grand Master Melish, Sir Knight Cleveland said: "We love you, not only personally, but because you are the greatest Templar in the world. We present you with this gavel. Most Eminent Sir, and ask you to retain it, and with it the love of the Templars of Illinois. Every time you look upon it remember that the Templars of Illinois love you and love Templar Masonry." Acting Grand Master Melish thanked Right Eminent Sir Cleveland for his welcome, and briefly stated his conception of the Templar ideals. He said: "This Grand Encampment expresses high appreciation of all that has been done for our comfort and entertainment by the citizens of Chicago, whom he represents so fittingly. I have been impressed by the universal courtesy of the crowds in Chicago. Every one seems disposed to extend a personal welcome. We are the guests of the people of the city and of the business interests of the city, which have contributed magnificentty to the entertainment of the Christian Order of Knights Templar. "Representing, as you do, the General Conclave Committee, I have known of your work, and know how painstaking it has been. Therefore, this magnificent success must be exceedingly gratifying to you. "Right Eminent Sir Cleveland has referred to the fact that thirty years ago the Conclave was held in Chicago. Many of us still remember it, and many of us were then just starting in our relations with Templar Masonry. A man reminded me last night of the great parade we had thirty years ago, and asked me, if at that time I would have believed that I would hve to be the Acting Grand Master. I replied that on that occasion I did not believe I would live to get through with the parade, it was so long. "We stand as an Order with a mission. We aim to be true to God and our country. We stand for civic righteousness, and for the best type of citizenship. If the time ever comes when American institutions, and those BADGE ON LAKE FRONT 2 24 GREAT PARADE AND REVIEW things which are best for the Nation are attacked, an army of Sir Knights will spring forth, ready to raise up the altars of American institutions and God's cause. "I believe we are now at the top mark of prosperity as an Order. This brings the sense of new responsibilities, and the Grand Encampment stands ready to accept it. We are in order for the promotion of the Brotherhood of Man, the Fatherhood of God and the betterment of humanity. All we ask is to be shown the way, and we will be true to it, with all its responsibilities." Governor Deneen complimented his brother Knights on their progress and high place in the national welfare. He spoke in part as follows: "I am glad to welcome the members of this ancient and honorable Order, which has occupied a conspicuous place in the world's history for many centuries. I am gratified to be here to witness the great pageant and parade which has taken place in our streets today. This is the great- est occasion of the kind which our city has e\'er witnessed, and the ^•ast throngs of our people who greeted you along our thoroughfares, and their fine enthusiasm and cordial greetings, make poor, indeed, any words of welcome which I can extend to you on their behalf. "I am sure, however, that I express the general sentiment when I say that those of the people of our State who ha\'e not been able to be here to extend to you their personal greetings, share in the cordiality of the greet- ing which you have received here today. For weeks our State has been looking forward to this great day, which has surpassed in its splendor and in its magnitude our greatest anticipations. "The chivalry for which your Order has been famous throughout history has been exemplified here today as your ranks have marched proudly through our streets. The sentiments awakened in the minds of the beholder by such a spectacle are inspiring and elevating as the attention is directed to the noble ideals and lofty principles for which your Order stands, — for truth and honor, for the protection of the weak against the strong; for all that makes for the uplifting of society and the betterment of individual character. "In behalf of the people of this State, I extend to you most cordial greetings. I trust you may find your staj' with us pleasant, and that this grand Conclave of your Order may be in every way successful." CHAPTER XIV COMPETITIVE DRILLS HE competitive drill has been a popular and attractive feature during the Triennial Conclave since the Grand Encampment at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877. The competitive drill of the Conclave of 1910 broke all records for the number of Com- manderies competing, and the trophies were awarded to the following successful drill teams: First, Raper Commandery, Indianapolis, score 92.3; second, Hanselmann Commandery, Cincinnati, score 87.3; third. Oriental Com- mandery, Kansas City, Mo., score 87.2; fourth, Ivanhoe Commandery, Milwaukee, score 85.5; fifth, Kenosha Commandery, Kenosha, Wis., score 84.9; sixth, Beauseant Commandery, Baltimore, score 79.9; seventh. Mount Olive Commandery, Wichita, Kan., score 78.5. The title of champion of all Knight Templar bodies in the United States went to Joliet Commandery, No. 4, of Illinois, even though Illinois and Cook County Commanderies had to be classed in a separate classifica- tion. The score of 94% attained by the Joliet team was nearly two points higher than that received by Raper Commandery of Indianapolis, which received the first honor the first day of the competitive drill. In the contests for Illinois teams outside of Cook County, Ivanhoe Commandery, No. 33, of Kankakee, won second place, competing with Joliet. In the contest for Cook County Commanderies the victory for Englewood was won after a hard fight. The six teams which competed received scores which showed less than seven points in difference between the highest. Columbia Commandery, No. 63, won second honors in the Cook County contest, and Lincoln Park Commandery, No. 64, won third honors. The Raper Commandery team has won many prizes in the past. Its uniform is distinctive, being of cream-colored moleskin, with scarlet and gold facings. The team is made up of men six feet or more in height and straight as a ship's mast. The awards were made public by General George M. Moulton, Past Grand Master, at a big demonstration witnessed by thousands in #•- ;' «**i-^«fN\ III? '^v- o o J 5 5 O z . i g ^ U z z g CLASS I 227 front of the Congress Hotel. Each team was accompanied by a band, and preceding the announcement of the names of the prize winners there were drills by several companies that brought bursts of applause from the crowd. After giving out the prizes, General Moulton presented the Captain of each team with a silver medal and gave to Detroit Commandery, No. i, which had given an exhibition drill in the morning, a stand of colors. After the prizes had been awarded, the Raper team marched to the Stratford Hotel, where it received a great ovation, hundreds crowding into the lobby and cheering themselves hoarse while a band played "When Johnny Comes Marching Home." Class I in the competitive drills was open only to teams of Com- manderies outside of Cook County. The contests took place under a perfect sky and before a brilliant throng, which in the afternoon numbered 20,000. The contests lasted from ID o'clock in the morning to 3:30 in the afternoon, and the interest of the spectators never flagged. The big amphitheater of the White Sox Ball Park was a-flutter throughout the whole programme with waving hand- kerchiefs, and gusts of applause swept through it every time the companies in the field below finished some striking manoeuvre. On the field with the companies were the judges, the three army officers, — Captains James B. Gowen, E. R. Ingham and James S. Young, Jr., — who had been sent by the Secretary of War. Every company was inspected as it entered the field, and the movements were watched closely for imperfections. Now and then the officers would jot down in the books notes that made for the winning or the losing of the prizes. The same tests were applied to the Knights by the judges as are applied to crack drill companies in the army. The teams were marked, not only for their work during the maneuvers, but also the condition of their accoutrements. A large part of the audience was composed of ladies, and the scene they presented in the stands was gay and colorful. Their applause, too, led that of the whole throng, and every now and then an entire stand would suddenly blossom out like a garden of waving flags, pennants and hand- kerchiefs. It was a spectacle that appealed especially to women, and they showed their appreciation every moment of the day. The big crowd did not reach the park until afternoon. During the morning probably 10,000 persons gathered in the stands, but after the noon intermission crowds of Knights came out from the city. ffiWiSJib.tKaaiei^j iifii3*»m= : e5=r-'»i"i^ ■ First Prize, Class I PRIZES Third Prize, Class I Second Prize, Class I ps^ B *»;4.»f- f*'^ f m^ -< " '' ^T/^-^ r i 1 OS z o .- Q DRILL CORPS EVANSTON COMMANDERY, No. 53, EVANSTON, IlL. Chicago Commandery, No. 19, Chicago, III. SiLOAM COMiMANDERY, No. 54, OaK PaRK, IlL. CLASS II AND III 231 The teams that were particularly admired were Damascus Com- mandery of Detroit and Beauseant Commandery of Baltimore, the latter distinguished by the black plumes in the marchers' hats, a bit of insignia which means that the Baltimore Commandery's history dates back to the time before the uniforms of the Order were revised and white plumes took the place of black among the organizations that wished to make the change. Both in the matter of attendance and for the number of companies competing records were broken. It was pronounced the best drill competition in the history of the Conclaves. When the masses of carefully groomed Knights in glittering regalia gathered in and about the grounds for the opening of the exhibition and competitive drills at 9 o'clock in the morning the sun was shining brightly, a wind sufi&ciently cool to refresh hard-worked marchers blew across the open, and everything promised a day of excellent entertainment. Toward noon banks of dark clouds began to shut off the sun's glare, but the rain merely threatened and the threatening clouds proved after all only playful and delightful sunshades. The drills of the first day were devoted to Class I Commanderies, which included only those outside IlHnois. The State acting as host at the Conclave could not well compete with its visitors. Illinois Command- eries had their innings in the morning and afternoon of the second day, those in Cook County being in Class II, and those outside in Class III. General Moulton had charge of all the drill arrangements as Chairman of the Drill Committee, and was assisted by Sir Knight Christopher C. Crabb, Vice-Chairman. The other members were Sir Knights Benjamin S. Wilson, Harris A. Wheeler, Chester T. Drake, Edward L. Johnson, Joseph B. Sanborn, A. W. Miller and George Weidig. Sir Knight W. H. Wade was official bugler. A number of new features were inaugurated. For one thing, a detach- ment from St. Bernard Commandery, Chicago, was on duty to carefully police the grounds throughout the tournament, something that had not been done at any previous Conclave. Sergeants Wilcox, Weinsheimer and Smalley had charge of the guard detail under Lieutenant H. G. Purinton, sentinels being posted at frequent intervals in the natty white flannel uniform of the St. Bernard drill organization. Tents outside the grounds constituted another feature. Heretofore it had been necessary for the Knights to arrange their field toilets behind accommodating trees or shrubbery. 232 COMPETITIVE DRILLS Besides, there was a large staff of nurses, and four physicians with an ambulance and a hospital tent. However, every Knight proved himself sturdy in the ordeal, and not a call was made on the medical staff. A commissary tent, judges' headquarters, and other details completed the equipment of the grounds. Although the hour for beginning the drill was early, an enormous crowd had already wended its way to the grounds. Before noon it was estimated that 20,000 persons sat in the stands and bleachers. At 9:30 a. m. Detroit Commandery, No. i, with Eminent Commander Charles H. Rowe, Captain General, in charge, swung into the great arena behind its banners and military band. Thousands were on their feet immediately, yelling themselves hoarse and waving frantically. The stands emitted a mighty chorus of cheers. The other officers of the Commandery are Captain General Sir Frederick E. Gregory, Sir Knight Harris and Adjutant Sir Charles E. Bader. The command was first drawn up in front of the center to give its salute, and was then scattered over the field, to be recalled shortly by the blast of the bugle to fall in. It was almost 10:30 before the first Commandery entered the field for the competitive drill, and a storm of cheers and clapping of hands went up when the thousands recognized the somber black plumes of Beauseant Commandery, No. 8, of Baltimore. This organization attracted wide attention in the parade Tuesday because of its distinctive black uniform, with silver trimmings. This was the first time that this Commandery, or any other from the State of Maryland, had taken part in a competitive drill, and Beauseant Commandery had a special uniform for its appearance on the field, an exact duplicate of the uniform worn in the great parade. Drill Master Edward Garrett Staley gave his commands with motions, making the exercises more impressive. The Commanderies were rearranged to appear on the field in the following order: Beauseant Commandery, No. 8, Baltimore. Ivanhoe Commandery, No. 24, Milwaukee. Oriental Commandery, No. 35, Kansas City, Mo. Raper Commandery, No. i, Indianapolis. Mount Olivet Commandery, No. 12, Wichita, Kan. Hanselmann Commandery, No. 16, Cincinnati. Kenosha Commandery, No. 30, Kenosha, Wis. ^}'¥1l t PI nm< • '■■ a z S z 3 < S u Second Prize, Class II PRIZES First Prize. Class III First Prize, Class II DRILLS IN PROGRESS 235 Kansas City Commandery, No. 10, which also was entered, was unable to go into the contest. One of its members was not well and no substitute was at hand. Ivanhoe Commandery of Milwaukee made an immediate impression on the crowd as soon as its smart lines began to maneuver and coil themselves about the field. Ivanhoe had a goodly contingent of friends in the seats, and these spurred the men on to perform at their best. About 1 1 :45 the bugler summoned Oriental Commandery to the field for the scrutiny of the army officers and critical gaze of the crowd. The Missouri Knights had plenty of friends of both sexes to applaud their excellent efforts, when Captain G. G. Wright led them on the level space. The First Lieutenant of the team is R. H. Winchester, and P. L. Emerson is Second Lieutenant. The result of the morning's drills left the matter of supremacy highly in doubt, and when it was announced at 12:30 that an intermission would be taken until i o'clock, the people poured out of the stands convinced that the judges were confronted with a knotty problem in trying to decide the winners. A party which attracted some attention was that of a number of Canadians, for whom a box was reserved. The party included Most Eminent Commander Luther B. Archibald, Sovereign Grand Master of the Sovereign Grand Priory of Canada; Most Eminent Sir Knight J. K. Tresidder, Past Sovereign Grand Master; Most Eminent Sir Knight Will H. Whyte, Past Grand Master and Grand Chancellor of Canada; Right Eminent Sir Knight W. P. Ryrie, Deputy Grand Master of Canada; Right Eminent Sir Knight Charles F. Mansell, Grand Treasurer of Canada, and Sir Knight Frederick L. Wilk, who had charge of the visitors. Others in boxes were Lady St. Clair Dryvon, of London; William C. Morcross, Q. C, Montreal, his wife and his daughter, Ceceha, and Mr. and Mrs. Dixon Alleyn, Toronto. With the announcement of the intermission arose the question of rations for the army of Sir Knights and their following in the absence of restaurants in the neighborhood. Some overcame this situation by open- ing lunch boxes, and still others purchased "fresh, ready-made" lunches that were sold by boys with an eye to business. But many of the tired marchers and grand-stand occupants did not have this relief, and these were forced to abandon their search for a real restaurant in favor of the "free lunch." Promptly at i o'clock — the end of the intermission — the great crowd surged back into position and the bugle blew for the first of the afternoon M. E. Sir Luther B. Archibald SUPREME GRAND MASTER, SOVEREIGN GREAT PRIORY, KNIGHTS^TEMPLAR, CANADA w Q 2; < o u o o <; o S u 2 2 ei a Q z < o u o o ■ 6^Z y z p ra PRIZE- WINNING COMMANDERIES 239 drill teams. This was the crack team of Raper Commandery, No. i, of Indianapolis. Captain Sir H. T. Conde, First Lieutenant Sir W. R. Moorehead, and Second Lieutenant Sir E. J. Scoonover were the officers in command. The team's Commandery standard, accompanied by its banner guard, led the Raper Company. The banner guard carried the flag to one side of the parade ground and stood at "rest" while the main body drilled. The prize-winning team was cheered heartily, much of the applause coming from a box where a group of women stood and waved black and white pennants until the half-hour of drill was over. The entry bugle's "ta-ra-ta-a-a-a" next ushered in the team selected from Mount Olivet Commandery, No. 12, of Wichita, Kan. The wild and woolly Kansas yell was shrieked from a string of upper boxes by a group of women who wore the bloom of the "Sunflower State" on their gowns. Captain Sir H. M. Richards commanded the Wichita team. His staff was made up of First Lieutenant Sir Fred J. Cossitt and Second Lieutenant Sir William F. McFarland. After half an hour of difficult maneuvering the Kansas aggregation gave way to Hanselmann Commandery, No. 16, of Cincinnati. The Cincinnati team was preceded by its colors and banner guard and was accompanied by a band. As the team entered, a cheering party of women in a box just off the entrance created astir b}' cheering and opening about two dozen black and white umbrellas. The standard and its guard was marched in almost perfect order to one side during the drill, which was one of the briefest and simplest on the programme. After the kit inspection, the salute to the grand stand and a bit of sword drill, with the standard tactics, the drill team's band fell into step and headed the exit with "Old Gray Bonnet." On the way off the field the Knights stopped before Mrs. B. M. Devon of Cincinnati, wife of the Eminent Commander of the Commandery they represented. She bore in her arms a great cluster of roses. At her signal the marchers halted, executed a sword salute, and Captain Sir James W. Montgomery received the blossoms. The officers assisting Captain Sir Montgomery in the drill were First Lieutenant John Griffiths and Second Lieutenant August Brenner. The seventh team, and the final one on the day's programme, was that representing Kenosha Commandery, No. 30, of Kenosha, Wis. Captain Sir B. Fowler, had with him First Lieutenant Sir D. F. Rowell and Second Lieutenant Sir H. O. Whitbeck. 240 COMPETITIVE DRILLS The principal part of their manceuvres was the sword drill, a stabbing and slashing movement that excited great applause. Immediately following the close of the programme a number of Knight Templar ofhcials gathered around the soldier-judges and made inquiry as to the possible outcome of the competition. "You know it takes about two hours to come to a decision," said the experienced Captain Gowen. "We three judges must average up our individual points and then get together for the general average. I wish to compliment your various Commanderies on the excellence of their drilling. Their endurance, too, is great, considering the age of some of the men. The prizes were finally distributed as follows: CLASS I Commanderies of the United States, Exclusive of Illinois Raper Commandery, No. i, Indianapolis, Ind., First Prize. Hanselmann Commandery, No. i6, Cincinnati, O., Second Prize. Oriental Commandery, No. 35, Kansas City, Mo., Third Prize. CLASS II Commanderies of Cook County, Illinois Englewood Commandery, No. 59, Chicago, First Prize. Columbia Commandery, No. 63, Chicago, Second Prize. CLASS III Illinois Commanderies, Exclusive of Cook County Joliet Commandery, No. 4, Joliet, First Prize. CHAPTER XV THE SOCIAL FEATURES OF THE CONCLAVE OF IQIO HE hospitality which had been enjoyed during all of its predecessors was eclipsed by the Thirty-first Triennial Conclave, both from the standpoint of pubHc functions, daylight entertainments, and the receptions and enter- tainments furnished by the Ladies' Committee of the Grand Commandery of Illinois. The old days when the Order had its beginning, and the spirit of the times from which the original Knight Hospitaller gleaned his con- ception of genuine friendship were truly eras and events of which the Order of Knights Templar may well be proud; but as the years go by and the Triennial gatherings of the Order's sons and daughters make clear the teachings upon which Templardom is based, the fruit of true Fraternity is realized, when its hosts are met together in the genuine contact of heart to heart. This unfolding of the Order's meaning was clearly manifest throughout the Triennial Conclave in Chicago, when, from the Palmetto groves of Florida, the Eldorados of California, the hills of the Dakotas and the storm-lashed shores of Maine, the flower of the Order gathered to behold the wondrous splendor made possible by the reception, entertainment and Conclave committees of the Grand Commander)' of Illinois, headed by John Durham Cleveland, the Grand Commander. The public functions, which afforded entertainment not only to the thirty-five thousand uniformed Knights Templar and the hundred and fifty thousand visitors who came with them, but to the population of Chi- cago, were ushered in by the sacred band concert in Grant Park at the foot of Congress street at 8 o'clock Monday evening, August 8th, when the electric display at the foot of Jackson boulevard, hard by, furnished the most gorgeous electric display ever witnessed. It was at this same hour, when the great White Way presented a rival to the most gorgeously arrayed thoroughfare ever witnessed. It was crowded with people from the time when the sun had set until the wee hours drove them to their slumber. Flashing with thousands of electric lights, and crowded as never before with pedestrians, those who beheld it were lost in extravagant 242 SOCIAL FEATURES admiration. In this connection, one would be remiss in recounting the decorative feature of the Thirty-first Triennial Conclave if he did not mention the display of fireworks on the Lake Front at 8 o'clock on Thursday, August nth, when from the decks of all the available steamships in the Chicago harbor and Grant Park vast armies of people witnessed one of the most spectacular pier fires in the history of Chicago, when sparks from the skyrockets set more than one thousand feet of the outlying break- waters ablaze with resplendent glory. During the daytime throughout the Conclave, various Commanderies of the city kept open house, prominent among which were Mizpah No. 73, St. Bernard, No. 35, and Apollo, No. i. Chicago's hospitality was also demonstrated in behalf of the lady visitors to the Encampment, when the ladies of the Grand Commandery of Illinois, headed by Mrs. John Durham Cleveland and her committee, took six thousand of the fair visitors for an automobile tour of the city. This tour extended from Michigan avenue, starting at Congress street, along Lake Shore Drive to the Midway Plaisance, South Shore Country Club, Field Museum, Jackson Park, the University of Chicago and throughout Lincoln, Humboldt, Garfield, Douglas, Washington and Jackson Parks. The following are the Chicago Commanderies who also greeted the visitors to the city during the Conclave in their respective Asylums: Chicago, No. 19, in Hotel La Salle; Chevalier Bayard, No. 52, Palmer House; Montjoie, No. 53, Palmer House; Siloam, No. 54, Oak Park; Evanston, No. 58, Evanston; Englewood, No. 59, Green Room, Congress Hotel; Calumet, No. 62, 2939 East Ninety-first street; Columbia, No. 63, Hotel La Salle; Lincoln Park, No. 64, Auditorium Hotel; St. Elmo, No. 65, the Kaiserhof Hotel; and Illinois, No. 72, the Hotel La Salle. The social functions in connection with the Grand Encampment were inaugurated on Monday, August 8th, when the Grand Commandery of Michigan received its friends at the Congress Hotel from 8 to 1 1 p. m. The "Mutuals," an organization of Grand Recorders and Correspond- ents, which was organized at the Triennial Conclave in Baltimore, in 1871, and which meets in connection with each Triennial gathering of the Grand Encampment, held their Triennial meeting and banquet at the Chicago Athletic Club on Monday, August 8th, at 4 p. m. The members met in the library of the club, and after a pleasant renewal of acquaintanceship adjourned to the dining room, where they were called to order by the Regent, General John Corson Smith. The roll was called by the Secre- tary, John H. Miller, which demonstrated that there was but one of the >Hk^. .4*^.. Mrs. William Bromwell Melish 244 SOCIAL FEATURES charter members of the organization to respond, that member being Henry Robertson, Past Supreme Grand Master of Canada, the other surviving member of the first meeting being Edward T. Shultz, Past Grand Captain General of the Grand Encampment and Masonic historian of Maryland, who was unable to be present at the Thirty-first Triennial Conclave because of his great age. During the meeting Thomas J. Corson, of New Jersey, was crowned the first Poet Laureate of the Mutuals. On Tuesday various receptions were held by the different Grand Com- manderies, prominent among which were those of the Grand Commandery of Kentucky in the Florentine Room of the Congress Hotel, from 8 to 12 o'clock p. m., and that of the Grand Commandery of Louisiana in the Hotel Metropole. The most formal reception on that day, however, was the one tendered by the Earl of Euston, in the Gold Room of the Congress Hotel. With an international reputation for gorgeous entertainment and noblesse of personages entertained, the Gold Room of this far-famed hos- telry never presented a more gorgeous scene than was witnessed at this reception. The Earl, surrounded by the representatives of the Grand Priory of England and Wales, entered, announced by Lord Athlumney, who pre- sented him to the vast concourse of guests who had been bidden. It was a picturesque sight to see the men with their richly gowned wives pass down the formidable human lane which led at last to the host of the evening. In the intervals, while he was not receiving, and while seated upon the large throne-like chair under the palms, this representative of the Masons beyond the sea presented a bearing well in keeping with his social and Masonic standing. The handsome costuming of the women showed to advantage in the large room, and the court costume of the Englishmen, contrasting with the somber evening dress of their American hosts, pre- sented a spectacle never to be forgotten by those who gazed on admiringly. Assisting the Earl of Euston at his reception were, in addition to the Very Eminent Knight the Lord Athlumney, the Very Eminent Knight Thomas Eraser, Eminent Knight John R. Newton Crane, Eminent Knight H. J. Homer and Eminent Knight John Ferguson. Of the women present none was more attractive than Miss Aileen Crane, daughter of Sir Newton Crane, of England. She was dressed in a costume which was an achievement in simplicity. This function was one of the most exclusive of the entire Conclave. The receptions on Wednesday, August loth, included those given by the Grand Commanderies of Alabama and Minnesota in the Congress Hotel from 8 to II p. m. and the Raper Commandery, No. i, of Indianapolis, '■■■■' .A Mrs. John D. Cleveland and Daughters 246 SOCIAL FEATURES which was held in the parlors of the Stratford Hotel. On the same evening the Grand Commandery of Ilhnois entertained members of the Grand Encampment, and Knights Templar who were in attendance upon the Con- clave, at the Hotel La Salle from 9 to 12 o'clock p. m. At this reception the officers of the Grand Commandery of Illinois, assisted by the ladies of the Grand Commandery, were in the receiving line, including Grand Commander John Durham Cleveland and Mrs. Cleveland; Deputy Grand Commander Harry Hayes Cleaveland and Mrs. Cleaveland, Rock Island; Grand Generalissimo Arthur M. Otman and Mrs. Otman, Peoria; Grand Captain General William L. Sharp and Mrs. Sharp, Chicago; Grand Senior Warden Stuart L. Pearson and Mrs. Pearson, Carrollton; Grand Junior Warden Thomas A. Stevens and Mrs. Stevens, Chicago; Grand Prelate Thomas A. Parker and Mrs. Parker, Danville; Grand Treasurer M. O. Spring and Mrs. Spring, Peoria; Grand Recorder Harris A. Wheeler and Mrs. Wheeler, Chicago; Grand Standard Bearer Louis A. Mills, Decatur; Grand Sword Bearer Andrew J. Redmond and Mrs. Redmond, Oak Park; Grand Warder Andrew L. Anderson and Mrs. Anderson, Lincoln; Grand Captain of the Guard Chester S. Gurney and Mrs. Gurney, Chicago; Miss Antoinette Cleveland and Sir Knight Malcolm Wheeler, Chicago, and Miss Mary Cleveland and Sir Knight William F. Beck. Preceding the reception held by the Grand Commandery of Illinois a banquet was served to the Grand Encampment, at which the praises of the United States and the foreign nations represented were extended to Grand Commander Cleveland and his committee for the success which had attended the efforts made for the entertainment of the Knight Templar hosts at the Thirty-first Triennial Conclave. Seated at the speaker's table with the toastmaster. Sir John D. Cleveland, were: Sir William B. Melish, Sir. General George M. Moulton, Sir John A. Gerow, the Earl of Euston, Lord Athlumney, Sir Thomas Eraser, Sir F. C. Van Duzer, Sir H. J. Homer, Sir John Ferguson, Sir L. B. Archibald, Sir Will H. Whyte, Sir C. F. Mansell, Sir R. Newton Crane, Sir Charles P. Kane, Sir Arthur Mac- Arthur, Sir W. Frank Pierce, Sir L. S. Smith, Sir Joseph Kyle Orr, Sir George C. Rafter, Sir Henry Wales Lines, Sir William H. Norris, Sir J. W. Chamberlain, Sir F. C. Thayer, Sir Harrison Dingman, Sir H. H. Cleave- land, Sir Arthur M. Otman, Sir William L. Sharp, Sir WilHam P. Ryrie, Sir John B. Tresidder, Sir General John C. Smith. ADDRESS The Past, Present and the Future of Masonic Templary in the United States By Right Eminent Sir William B. Melish, Acting Grand Master. "The toast that has just been offered was wisely divided into two parts: The Past and Present of the History and Achievements of the Order of ADDRESS BY THE M. E. GRAND MASTER 247 Knights Templar, and the Grand Encampment and its Future. The first part of the sentiment was assigned, months ago, to our lamented Grand Master, who accepted the duty of responding to it, feehng that he would be with us, and occupy his station, and fulfill his duties. It has been decreed by the Supreme Grand Master that our Frater should enter into the Asylum above, and that we be left to mourn his loss. Fortunately for us. Sir Rugg left in written form many opinions and expressions of his estimate of our Order, and to them we may wisely turn again and again for retrospection, encouragement, contemplation and improvement. "At Saratoga, at the opening of the Grand Encampment, Most Eminent Sir Rugg said, in response to the address of welcome: 'It was ninety years ago, in the Empire State, that the Grand Encampment of these United States had its birth. It was a day of small things then. There was no such mighty gathering as here today, but it was like the Star of Bethle- hem that seemed to lead the wise men, that shone brighter and brighter as our institution is shining, I trust, spiritually and intellectually, brighter and brighter for the enlightenment of its members and the good of the world. We have grown out of the smallness of the early times into a potent power which brings with it commensurate obligations of duty not merely for ourselves, but to the public good. We have progressed. We have grown to be an institution mighty in power that should solemnize our thoughts and our prayers, and make us rich in our desires and our expectations, as we follow the ideal banner of the Cross, and as we think of what is enjoined upon us for the glory of God, and for the good of our country.' "Of the Grand Encampment, Grand Master Rugg, at the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Grand Commandery of Massa- chusetts and Rhode Island in 1905, said: 'It stands for something by means of which we can better serve ourselves, — a piece of machinery, that must have the dynamic power put into it in order that it may fulfill the large purposes which those who were its constructors had in view. Shall it be faithful to what those brave men, our fathers, the founders of the Grand Encampment had in mind when they planted it on the foundation of Ancient Craft Masonry, on the foundation of the Christian religion of goodfellowship and of service to man? I believe that it exists for these things, and that its highest mission is to fulfill its destiny in increasing glory and power, for the welfare of humanity, for the glory of God.' "In making his report of 1907 and 1908 to the members of the Grand Encampment, Dr. Rugg said: 'The Templar Order is more prosperous 248 SOCIAL FEATURES than ever before. The history of Masonic Templary, as related to the progress of its organic life under the auspices of the Grand Encampment, has much of interest and inspiration. Now, as the facts and figures will abundantly show, this Christian Order of Knighthood, as represented by the Grand Encampment, has come to strength alike in the way of numbers and material result, while it has also a better equipment for the enact- ment of its ceremonies and for the expression of its teachings and in the application of those teachings for the benefit of its own members and for the welfare of the community. The progress of Templary in this respect is like the progress of civilization, as we follow along the lines that mark the highest expression of thought and purpose in the way of related life and duty.' 'Tn considering the present status of Masonic Templary, Grand Master Rugg, in his final summary of the present condition of the Order, has left an optimistic and thoughtful expression of his personal opinion of the pres- ent condition of the Order, when he says: 'From my study of the printed page, from my careful reading of the many letters addressed to me on a variety of subjects by those who hold a justly prominent place in the Tem- plar Order, and by my own observation at the various meetings of Grand Commanderies and of Subordinate Commanderies which I have attended, I have reached a judgment, which I am glad to express, that there has been no lessening of the true Templar sentiment, and no impairment of the vital- izing principles that are fundamental in the Templar system. The pros- perity of the Templar Order, at this time, is most notable. It is a matter of grateful congratulation that there has been such progress going on for a generation or more in the strength and influence of our Templar organ- ization, and it is an equal pleasure to consider that, whatever may have been the needful changes in Ritual and forms, or in the methods of proce- dure or in administrative activities, it is still one and the same body. It has grown out of weakness to its present strength, passing through varied experiences, some of them adverse and discouraging at the time, until now, in the present development of its character and purpose, and in its modern gain in numbers and resources, it has well demonstrated its right to exist as a social and moral force in the community, and to command the world's respect. Thinking of the life and progress of Masonic Templary, as we trace its lines in connection with the history of the Grand Encamp- ment, we may call to mind the ancient prophecy: "There shall be an hand- ful of corn in the earth upon the top of the mountains; the fruit thereof shall shake Hke Lebanon: and they of the city shall flourish like grass of the ADDRESS BY THE M. E. GRAND MASTER 249 earth." So our strong and prosperous Order has nobly gained the van- tage ground it now occupies, from which it is privileged to survey a still broader held of usefulness, which now invitingly stretches itself before the open vision; and let us rejoice that in this advance of the Order there has been no shifting of faith and no disregard of the eternal verities on which the valiant Order of Knights Templar was founded. " 'We stand squarely today on the Christian foundation established by the fathers on which they sought to build the attractive superstructure. We would not forget them, nor would we be indifferent to their work; we would rejoice in the history and traditions of the Order which bring to us an inspiration from the illumined past, as they make evident the glory of chivalric days and the prestige of a historic age; we would rejoice that the system and the organic life of Masonic Templary still represent so much of the grace of Chivalry and the purpose of moral heroism; that true Templary still stands for courtesy, magnanimity of thought and deed, hospitality and a divine charity; that it so binds its members in a close comradeship, while it impels them to recognize the great Brotherhood of humanity and impels them to a noble activity as servants of the Great Master — as soldiers under the Great Captain of our Salvation. " 'Perhaps the most marked period of Templar advancement is that which dates from the beginning of the twentieth century. Certainly the few years of this century which have passed show its marvelous growth in all the elements and forces which make for potential service and great accomplishment. The outlook for the immediate future and for years beyond is in every way bright and assuring. The strength of the Order, and the strength of its bonds of adhesion, as among the members of the Order, are liable to be tested; but there need be no fear or doubt of what the outcome will show, if only there is no departure from Christian faith and purpose, and no wavering of the sentiment of loyalty and love among those who have clasped hands and made their most sacred pledges of worthy living in the name of the Risen Christ. The Message of Masonic Templary today, as I interpret it, is a message of promise and inspiration for those who are banded together in loyal and loving fellowship within the Templar ranks, desiring to be numbered with all true workers for God and humanity, wherever these may be, or whatever may be their distinctive classification. The spirit of a blessed unity and a noble purpose everywhere prevails. The Templar host of the twentieth century is marching forward, inspired by the memories of a heroic past, which are of priceless value, and following, with a chivalric zeal, that glorified sign 250 SOCIAL FEATURES of Calvary, which declares the highest fulfillment of the law of human duty to be love to God and love to man.' "Thus spoke the aged servant of God, a grand Christian Knight, the embodiment of the Templar virtues, whose life has been an inspiration and a help to all who have known him. 'T am to speak about the future of Masonic Templary. I cannot come with the message of the preacher, of the scholar or the profound thinker, because I am neither of these. My point of view is that of a practical, hard-working business man. While the past represents many lessons of value, I am in the rush and under the pressure of the 'Now,' and my view is that of the 'Outlook' and not one of retrospection. "Time fades away, and we are in the presence of the everlasting Now; we are the beginning and the ending, and at every point in between. "I believe Masonic Templary to be an 'Order with a Mission,' not merely a system of degrees, not an exhibit of moving pictures, but an or- ganized force that can, and may, and will make its impress upon the world of to-day as never before. It is possible for one to-day, I earnestly believe, to accept the scientific conception of the word, so far as real science reveals the facts, and at the same time to believe in a personal and living God. Intelligent men can believe in a God, who thinks, feels, acts, even if they have ceased to believe in a great embodied King who sits upon the throne of the universe, and pushes buttons which send mechanical agencies every- where to do His pleasure. For myself, I am unable to think of the Eternal as a King to whom wireless messages may be sent. God to me is not re- lated to our world as an architect is related to the house which his brains created, nor as an engineer is related to the engine which he drives, neither as a divine personality set over against a human personality above and outside of man. Rather He is related to me, and to you, as the soul is related to the body. God goes forth as the energy of the Sun to every creature, and He energizes this Order of ours today as never before. We are 'The Order with a Mission.' If this gathering of the dominant men of Templary were to go forth to fight under the banner of the Cross, and to wage a spiritual warfare with the same power and determination that we fight for material progress, we would revolutionize the world. As an Order we cannot stand still; this is an age of evolution, and we have to go on, because to stand still is to have dry rot. But this Order with a Mission must be in constant touch with headquarters and under marching orders from the Great Captain of our Salvation. To do this is our work for the future. This work must be loyal, practical, progressive. When ADDRESS BY THE M. E. GRAND MASTER 251 men, for whom God has meant nothing, resort to God in their hour of need, expecting to find a good-natured Father there with opened arms, they find nothing. They call, but there is no answer, they knock and the door remains shut. No man ought to expect that he can go through forty years of life, and then suddenly realize in any living way any great experience. You cannot ignore music all your life, and then suddenly appreciate a great symphony. You cannot read cheap literature for twenty years, and then read the best with any interest, you cannot ignore the possibilities and opportunities of the friendships of half a lifetime, and then enter deeply into human relationships. No more, then, can we, after years of religious indifference, enter into living relations with our Grand Commander. He is not a God of good nature who may be ignored with impunity, and then appealed to when we want to give the grand hailing sign of distress. He is not a God of fate, whose decrees have been determined, nor a God of chance or luck. He is the God of steadfastness, who gives opportunity and helpfulness, and expects good work, square work, and work worthy of His acceptance. It is only as a man wrestles with God in the midst of life, through the night, not trusting to luck, but refusing to let go until he is blessed, that the blessing is given with the breaking of the day. "To you, in the deep moments, when you are alone, when you face some crisis it may be, comes a man, your other self, your better self, the self you would be when you are moved by goodness or truth, — the self you might be. What are you to do? You may run from it, — many do. You may lie down before it in despair, — many do. You may kill it, — many do. Or you may grapple it, wrestle with it, and refuse to let it go until it bless you, till it becomes yours, one with you, making you a different and better man. "Such is the structure of the world, such is the poise and balance of the forces which play on it and within it, that good must win in the end. Though the good man and the good cause be defeated, it is only for the time. The bad man and the bad cause alone are beaten and crushed for- ever. Lift up your hearts, oh ye men who are fighting for the good, and be of good cheer! You cannot be defeated. The evil is hollow, and though is seemingly stands as solid as an oak, it must fall as an oak falleth. The set of the universe is toward the good, the Kingdom of God. Here are we in the midst of life. Life is a comphcated and splendid drama set on the stage of the universe. You are not in the audience in life's theatre, but on the stage. Each of us has his part, small or large, which if well played contributes to the whole, if ill played detracts from the whole. 252 SOCIAL FEATURES Scenes of comedy and tragedy alternate with one another, and some of our lines must be said with tears, and others with a smile. Such is life with its exits and its entrances — a deep solemn thing to earnest men and women. "If we can only feel as Lincoln once said: 'The important thing is not bringing God to our side, but in putting ourselves on God's side.' Every one can do that. How are you to ally yourself with God in this world and not oppose Him? First, by adding one to that nation of God, made up of all tribes and kindreds and people, that nation which is spirit- ual humanity, the Brotherhood of Man. And the one you can add to that number is number one, — yourself. You may not be able to give genius or ability or greatness, — but you can give a clean life and a pure heart. Then, again, you may not give leadership, but you may be a follower, and soldiers to follow are just as essential as leaders to lead. You can choose your leader and be loyal. "It seems to me that we of the Order of Knights Templar have the opportunity today as never before to stand by our colors, to be an army of progress, to show that we are in earnest. If this is to be accomplished in this day and generation, the men in this room tonight must lead in the work. We have the numbers, — two hundred thousand, — we have the equipment for Christian warfare. Now, what are you going to do with this army and this equipment? It seems to me that we must be true to the underlying principles of our Order, that we must fight with the in- difference that everywhere exists, that we must buckle on our armor, and go forth to battle. "Knights Templar of the elder day Naught knew but God and Right, alway. In battle with the Saracen Great deeds they did as fighting men. High purpose theirs for Jesus' sake. The sepulchre from Turk did take, — Stout hearts, strong arms, that none might break. Templar Knights of this our day Each has a purpose still to slay Men's all unworthy selfishness. Pure aim is yours, than theirs no less. Love to enthrone on holy rood And usher in all brotherhood, Resolved to live for common good.' " CHAPTER XVI SESSIONAL BUSINESS OUR hundred and sixty-live members of the Grand Encampment were in attendance at its business session. One of the first things done in the open session during the prelimi- nary exercises was the presentation of a gold- mounted gavel, in behalf of the Templars of Illinois, by Right Eminent Sir John D. Cleve- land. After the speeches of welcome, and re- sponses by Acting Grand Master Melish, and the singing of the quartette, in which the death of Grand Master Rugg was not for- gotten, the Grand Encampment was formally opened by the calling of the roll and announcement of committees. On Wednesday morning, immediately after the opening of the Encamp- ment, the Earl of Euston, Most Eminent Supreme Pro Grand Master of England, and staff were officially received by Acting Grand Master Melish. The Earl expressed his pleasure and felicitations upon being present. Luther B. Archibald, Most Eminent Supreme Grand Master of Canada, and staft" were officially received, and expressed great sorrow and sympathy for the Masons of the United States in the loss of their late Grand Master Rugg. Following the official reception of the foreign deputation, Acting Grand Master Melish delivered his address, in which he said: "It is in great sorrow that I assume the duties and responsibilities of the office of Grand Master made vacant by the death of our beloved Grand Master, Henry Warren Rugg, who entered the Asylum above on Thursday, July 21, 1910." Following the address of the Acting Grand Master, his report and also that of the Grand Recorder were referred to appropriate committees. Then followed the report of the Committee on Foreign Relations, which was read and on motion adopted, the preamble of which is: "Your Committee on Foreign Relations rejoices to report that peace and prosperity are found in all the Templar organizations through- out the nations, and that the spirit of world-wide fraternity and amity OFFICERS OF THE GRAND ENCAMPMENT, K. T., U. S. A., 1010 Sir Lee S. Smith, v. e. g. c. g. Sir H. Wales Lines, v. e. g. t. Sir Joseph K. Orr, v. e. g. s. w. Sir Jehiel VV. Chamberlin, v. e. j. w. SIR WILLIAM B. MELISH, M. E. G M. tSiR W. Frank Pierce, v. e. g. g. Sir Arthur McArthur, r. e. d. g. m. Sir Leonidas P. Newby.v. e, g. st. b. Sir John A. Gerow, v. e. g. r. Sir John M. Walden, v. e. g. p. Sir Frederic C. Thayer, v. e. g. s. b. Sir Henry M. Boykin. v. e, g. c. g. Sir Huston B. Colman, v. e. g. w. FOREIGN RELATIONS 255 is growing in all Christian orders, and striving to allay whatever dissensions may occur in the Commanderies and Preceptories of our Order." The reports of Grand Treasurer H. Wales Lines and Grand Recorder John A. Gerow were presented and referred to the Committee on Finance. These reports show that there was a total of $96,441.48 in the treasury of the Grand Encampment, which is securely invested under the care of Grand Treasurer Lines. The most important matter to come before the Conclave was the adoption on Wednesday of the Concordat, uniting for the first time the Knights Templar of England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Canada, with those of the United States, into one body in which each member of the Order will be accredited the rank in all that he holds in one. Acting Grand Master Melish read the address of Sir Knight Henry Warren Rugg, which had been completed previous to his death and which reviewed the work of the Grand Master's office during the last three years. The report concluded as follows: "In the foregoing report my aim has been to set forth a summarized statement of my official acts and experiences during the time in which I have held the office of Grand Master, for the consideration of the members of that body who have honored me so much by electing me to administer Grand Encampment affairs during the present Triennial term. "In submitting this report I rejoice with you in the growing strength and prosperity which mark the progress of the Grand Encampment. It has made substantial gains in numbers and in all the elements that go to constitute real strength since its last members were together in Triennial Conclave. The spirit of a blessed unity and a noble purpose everyw^here prevails. The Templar host of the twentieth century is marching forward, inspired by the memories of a heroic past, which are of priceless value, and following, with a chivalric zeal, that glorified sign of Calvary which declares the highest fulfillment of the law of human duty to be love to God and love to man. "As I dictate the closing hnes of this address, I am enfeebled by severe illness, which has continued for months and greatly interfered with my participation in active work other than such correspondence and super- vision as I have been able to give from my home. I am forced to the conclusion that when this address is presented to the Grand Encampment at Chicago I will not be with you, and that my farewell words may come to you as if from another world, and be read by my beloved and faithful friend, brother and helper, the Deputy Grand Master. 256 SESSIONAL BUSINESS "Much that I have done has been done in weakness of body, but all with singleness of purpose and with never-faihng love for our Magnani- mous Order, but, 'Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy name give glory.' "The peace of God, which passeth all understanding, keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and the love of God, and of His Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord; and the blessing of God Almighty, the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, be among you, and remain with you always. Amen." "The most important piece of Templar legislation to come before the Conclave was the adoption on Wednesday of the Concordat, uniting for the first time the Knights Templar of England, Scotland, Wales and Canada with those of the United States into one body in which each member of the Order will be accredited the rank in all that he holds in one. The report of the Committee on Concordat was as follows: CONCORDAT 'To the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America: "In accordance with the following resolution, adopted at the Thirtieth Triennial Conclave of this Grand Encampment: "Resolved, That the Grand Master be requested to appoint a com- mission of three Sir Knights whose duty it shall be to consult with any like commission which may be appointed by any other Templar body, look- ing to the establishment of an agreement between all of the Templar organizations of the world, which shall have for its end and purpose the bringing into complete harmony and accord, as touching the laws, customs and usages of the several bodies, so far as it may be done, thus promoting and securing a complete union of all Templar bodies and thus uniting all of the members of the Orders of Christian Knighthood into a closer and more intimate relationship to each other, to the honor and glory of the Great Head of the Order and to the advancement and benefit of the Order, your committee fraternally reports: "Immediately after the adjournment of this Grand Encampment, the action of this body was certified to the Great Priory of the United Orders of the Temple and of St. John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta in England and the Colonies and Dependencies of the British Crown; the Great Priory of the United Masonic Orders of the Temple and Malta in Ireland and the Colonies and Dependencies of the British Crown; the Great Priory of the Religious and Military Order of the Temple in CONCORDAT 257 Scotland, and the Colonies and Dependencies of the British Crown; and the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada. "Following the receipt of this communication by the several Great Priories named, committees of three were appointed by them and copies of the Concordat, which had been carefully drawn by the committee appointed by Rev. Henry W. Rugg, our M. E. Grand Master, were then forwarded to the respective committees for their consideration. After due examination and consultation, these were heartily approved and re- turned without change except in some minor details. "The Concordat is as follows: "When those splendid Orders of Knighthood, the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem, or Knights of Malta, were known and active powers for the protection of Christianity, with fortified posts of defense on the islands of the Mediterranean, they were duly organized in language, each nationality being governed by one Com- mander and the united organizations by one Grand Master. When in the progress of time and in the changes of civilization these bodies ceased to be of armed warriors, and taking on the forms of civil government for the advancement of morality and the protection of virtue, it was still found necessary to continue the organization in form and manner as best serves our advanced civilization and national requirements. "Thus, it matters not of what nationality or to what Christian sect our members belong, the tendency is to be drawn together in the one service of our Heavenly Father and in behalf of our common humanity, the better to aid in bringing into a more close and intimate friendship the numerous bodies of our Order now established in all parts of the civilized world, and especially the English-speaking countries thereof. "Therefore, we, the lawfully authorized representatives of the Great Priory of the United Religious and Militant Orders of the Temple and of St. John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes, and Malta, in England and Wales, and the Colonies and Dependencies of the British Crown; the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America; the Religious and MiHtary Order of the Temple Great Priory of Ireland; the Great Priory of the Religious and MiHtary Order of the Temple in Scotland and Dependencies of the British Crown; and the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada, present to each other and to the Governing 258 SESSIONAL BUSINESS Bodies we represent, the following treaty of amity or Concordat, and earnestly recommend its approval: "First: It is hereby agreed by the Governing Bodies of Knights Templar and Knights of Malta here represented, namely: "The Great Priory of the United Religious and Mihtary Orders of the Temple and of St. John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta, in England and Wales and the Colonies and Dependencies of the British Crown; the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar, United States of America; the Religious and Military Order of the Temple Great Priory of Ireland; the Great Priory of the Religious and Military Order of the Temple in Scotland and Dependencies of the British Crown; and the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada, each Governing Body is supreme in its own jurisdiction, and this acknowledgment is also jointly made. "Second: That we deem it expedient and in the interest of the Orders in our respective jurisdictions that such rules and regulations should be made and promulgated as may tend to draw more closely together the members of the Order in our respective countries, and promote the inter- change of courtesy and hospitality. "Third: That any Preceptory or Commandery, working under a charter granted by any one of these Governing Bodies, shall not confer the Orders recognized in that jurisdiction for a less sum than required by the laws of such Governing Body, or upon any one not a Companion of the Holy Royal Arch in regular standing in both a Lodge and Chapter. "Fourth: These Governing Bodies agree mutually to support and up- hold each other, and declare that any member of the United Orders who may be suspended, excluded or expelled by any one of the Governing Bodies shall not be affiliated to any Preceptory or Commandery under the jurisdiction of the others. Nor shall they in any way recognize any body professing to be a body of Knights Templar in any country which does not hold a Dispensation or Warrant from one or other of these Gov- erning Bodies. "Fifth: We, the contracting parties, mutually agree that neither will issue any Dispensation or Warrant authorizing the establishment of any Preceptory, Priory, or Commandery within the exclusive jurisdiction of the other, and that all Templars shall be received according to their rank at home, on an equal footing with those among whom they shall respec- tively come taking precedence according to their official rank or degree, and among those of equal rank, according to the seniority of this Commis- sion or Warrant. CONCORDAT 259 "Sixth: Each of said contracting parties agrees not to recognize any other Templar organization or authority within the jurisdiction now embraced by these contracting parties; each recognizing the absolute and exclusive control of the other over all matters pertaining to the Order within its exclusive jurisdiction. "These copies of the Concordat submitted to the committee of the several Great Priories were returned, signed as follows: "On behalf of the Great Priory of England and Wales: R. Loveland Loveland, K. C. T. Gt. Sen. John Strachen, K. C. T. Gt. Chan. C. F. Matier, G. C. T. Gt. Vice Chan. "On behalf of the Great Priory of Ireland: A. D. Davoren, G. C. T. Gt. Chan. Joshua Fayle, K. C. T. Gt. Treas. and Gt. Reg. "On behalf of the Great Priory of Scotland: James T. Stewart, G. C. T., Grand Sen. J. Inglis, K. C. T. Grand Treas. J. W. Balfour Melville, K. C. T. Grand Sec. and Reg. "On behalf of the Grand Encampment U. S. A.: John Corson Smith, G. C. T. WilHam B. Melish, Acting G. M. E. Bentley Young, P. G. C. "On behalf of the Great Priory of Canada: John V. EUis, P. G. M. K. T. Will H. Whyte, P. G. M. K. T. J. B. Tresidder, P. G. M. K. T. "In submitting this report your committee would call attention to the fact that, in the adoption of the same, one more link has been added to the golden chain which binds together the Templar organizations of the Eng- lish-speaking world, one more stone has been included in the arch of uni- versal Brotherhood, and that without change in the constitutions, laws and usages of the several Grand Bodies. John Corson Smith William B. Melish E. Bentley Young" 26o SESSIONAL BUSINESS The report of the Committee of Foreign Relations was read and, on motion, adopted. It was as follows: Foreign Relations "2"o the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America: "Your Committee on Foreign Relations rejoice to report that peace and prosperity are found in all the Templar organizations throughout the nations, and that the spirit of world-wide fraternity and amity is growing in all Christian Orders, and striving to allay whatever dissensions may occur in the Commanderies and Preceptories of our Order. England and Wales "In careful review of the proceedings of this Great Priory gives assurance of the peace and prosperity to be found in all its Preceptories. A desire to do justice to Templars of all nations is the ruling spirit of their legislation, as is evidenced by the hearty approval of the Concordat. Not in vain are the ties of race, language and religion which bind the two great Anglo-Saxon countries together, for between them there is no dissension, and the work of the Concordat is to preclude the chance of even a mis- understanding which might mar the fraternal spirit we prize so highly. Ireland "The Templar organization in Ireland would seem particularly strict in its management of domestic affairs and the high standard of Templar- ism is well upheld. In regard to foreign relations, the Great Priory of Ireland agreed to the tenor of the Concordat, but preferred a more legal and diplomatic phraseology, thus making it more cumbersome and legal, rather than a basis of fraternal understanding. However, where hearts are in accord there can be no serious disagreement over forms, and we expect the heartiest co-operation from our Brother Templars of Ireland. Scotland "It has been well known to all Templars that for a century or more there have been in Scotland two governing Bodies of Knights Templar; the one, recognized by this Great Encampment, as Chapter General, or more recently as the Great Priory of Scotland and the Dependencies of the British Crown; and the other, known as the Grand Encampment of the Temple and Malta in Scotland. Of these we have spoken in previous reports. "Some years ago, the influence of the chairman of this Committee was solicited and exerted in favor of the consolidation of these two great FOREIGN RELATIONS 261 Priories, and this has, at last, been accomplished, as we have been informed by the officers of the respective bodies. We are glad to recognize and report this consolidation and union of all Preceptories under the one sovereign head, now and hereafter to be known as the Great Priory of the Religious and MiHtary Order of the Temple in Scotland and the Colonies and Dependencies of the British Crown. Grand Encampment, Knights Templar, U. S. A. "It is unnecessary to enter into a detailed statement of the condition of this splendid body, the flashing of whose fifty thousand swords in the grand parade on Michigan boulevard attests its spirit and pride in this glorious semi-military and religious Order. Surely the display of chivalry, yesterday, gathered from the several States of this Union, Canada, Eng- land and Wales, Ireland and Scotland, including the M. E. Grand Master of Canada, L. E. Archibald and suite, and Lord Euston, Pro Grand Master of England, representing the Duke of Connaught and suite, witnessed by half a million citizens, surpasses the scene when Richard Coeur de Lion led his knights against the enemies of the Temple. Had the hundred thousand Templars in the city yesterday been included in that marvelous defense of Christianity against the Saracens, history might have written a different story of the Crusades and a grander triumph of Christianity. Canada "Canada, as we stated in a previous report, is a growing body, new Preceptories being formed and the membership rapidly increasing. From Halifax on the East, to Vancouver on the West, new bodies are being organized in that glorious country of Alberta and Manitoba and the other Provinces. Everywhere peace prevails and prosperity abounds. The only cloud on the horizon has been the continuance of a Scottish charter in New Brunswick, which, we doubt not, will soon be withdrawn, in view of the Committee of the Great Priory of Scotland's having agreed to the fifth article of the Concordat, which reads as follows: " 'We, the contracting parties, mutually agree that neither will issue any Dispensation or Warrant authorizing the establishment of any Preceptory, Priory or Commandery within the jurisdiction of the other.' John Corson Smith KiTTREDGE HaSKINS Julius L. Brown Charles L. Field George H. Benzenberg" CHAPTER XVII CONSTITUTION OF THE GRAND ENCAMPMENT OF KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PREAMBLE ni N ORDER to secure great reunity, better gov- H ernment, and to increase the prosperity and H influence of the Orders of Christian Masonic H Knighthood, this Constitution is ordained and H established. H Article I H NAME !■ Section i . This body shall be known and B^^H^^^^^^H designated as the Grand Encampment of ^^^^^^^^^^1 Knights Templar of the United States of America. Article II OF WHOM COMPOSED Sec. 2. It shall consist of the following members: (a) The Grand Master, The Deputy Grand Master, The Grand Generalissimo, The Grand Captain- General, The Grand Senior Warden, The Grand Junior Warden, The Grand Prelate, The Grand Treasurer, The Grand Recorder, The Grand Standard Bearer, The Grand Sword Bearer, The Grand Warder, The Grand Captain of the Guard; the first nine of whom, except- ing the Grand Prelate, shall be elected by ballot. The last four, together with the Grand Prelate, shall be appointed by the Grand Master. CONSTITUTION 263 (b) All Past Grand Masters, All Past Deputy Grand Masters, All Past Grand Generalissimos, All Past Grand Captains-General, of the Grand Encampment, (c) All Past Grand Commanders, of Grand Commanderies, (d) All Grand Commanders, All Deputy Grand Commanders, All Grand Generalissimos, and All Grand Captains-General, of each of the Grand Commanderies, (e) And the first three officers of each Commandery holding its Charter immediately from the Grand Encampment of the United States, shall be members, for the time being. (f) Any distinguished Knight Templar, from a foreign country, may, by a vote of two-thirds of the members present, be elected an Honorary Member. Article III JURISDICTION Sec. 3. It has supreme legislative, judicial and executive power and jurisdiction over the Orders of the Red Cross, Knights Templar and Knights of Malta in the United States of Ar^erica, and the countries over which the United States exercises jurisdiction, and may establish Commanderies in any country in which there is no supreme governing body of the said Orders exercising jurisdiction. Sec. 4. All questions shall be determined by a majority of votes unless otherwise provided. In case the vote is equally divided, the presiding officer shall give the casting vote. Article IV POWERS AND DUTIES Sec. 5. It may grant and revoke Warrants, Dispensations and Charters for Commanderies where there is no Grand Commandery. Sec. 6. It shall have exclusive power to constitute new Command- eries within any State, District or Territory, over which the United States exercises jurisdiction, wherein there is no Grand Commandery regularly formed under the authority of the Grand Encampment. Sec. 7. It shall review and consider all the official reports of its officers, and the proceedings of the Grand Commanderies and Command- eries under its immediate jurisdiction, and settle all controversies that may arise between Grand Commanderies. 264 SESSIONAL BUSINESS Sec. 8. It may adopt such Statutes, Laws and Rules, not inconsistent with this Constitution, as shall be necessary for the good of the Order. Sec. 9. It shall examine the accounts of the Grand Treasurer and Grand Recorder and such other Officers, Committees or Trustees, as may have in charge or handle any funds or property of the Grand Encamp- ment. Sec. 10. It shall consider and do all matters and things appertain- ing to the good, well-being and perpetuation of the principles of Templar Masonry, not inconsistent with this Constitution. Article V REVENUE AND FINANCES Sec. II. The revenues of the Grand Encampment shall consist of the fees for Dispensations and Charters for Commanderies under its immediate jurisdiction, a fee for each Knight Templar created therein, and an annual per capita upon each member thereof. And also of dues that may be prescribed to be paid by each Grand Commandery for the aggregate membership in its jurisdiction. And of interest and profits upon the deposit or investment of its funds. Sec. 12. It shall supervise the condition of the iinances, and adopt such measures in relation thereto, as may be necessary to increase, secure, and preserve the same, and also to insure the utmost fidelity and punctual- ity on the part of every accounting officer, in the safe-keeping and paying over of the funds and property of the Grand Encampment. Article VI TENURE or office Sec. 13. The officers of the Grand Encampment shall hold their respective offices until their successors shall be duly elected or appointed and installed. Article VII DUTIES OF OFFICERS lite Grand Master Sec. 14. It is the prerogative and duty of the Grand Master gen- erally to exercise, as occasion may require, all the rights appertaining to his high office, in accordance with this Constitution and the usages of Tem- plar Masonry; and, as a part thereof, he shall have a watchful supervision over all Commanderies, Grand and Subordinate, under its jurisdiction, and see that all the Constitutional Enactments, Statutes and Edicts of the Grand Encampment are duly and promptly observed; that the work, CONSTITUTION 265 Rituals and discipline of Templar Masonry are uniform ; that the insignia of rank is as prescribed by the Grand Encampment and the dress of the Commanderies under the immediate jurisdiction of the Grand Encamp- ment is uniform and as prescribed by the Grand Encampment. Sec. 15. To fill all vacancies which may occur in any office other than Deputy Grand Master, Grand Generalissimo or Grand Captain General, which appointees shall serve during the pleasure of the Grand Master, or until their respective successors shall have been elected or appointed and installed. Sec. 16. To appoint all committees authorized by the Constitution or by the Grand Encampment, and remove them at pleasure. Sec. 17. To visit and preside in any Commandery, Grand or Sub- ordinate, under the jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment, and give such instructions and directions as the good of the Order may require, always adhering to the Constitution, Laws, Statutes and Rituals of the Grand Encampment. Sec. 18. To cause to be executed, and securely to preserve and keep, the official bonds of the Grand Treasurer and Grand Recorder. Sec. 19. To grant Letters of Dispensation for the holding of a Com- mandery of "the Indispensable Number" in territory in which there exists no Grand Commandery. Sec. 20. Upon the petition of at least nine Knights Templar in good standing, to grant Letters of Dispensation, during the recess of the Grand Encampment, for the formation of new Commanderies in Countries, States or Territories where there is no Grand Commandery, and this without the recommendation or consent of the nearest Commandery; but such Dispensation shall be in force no longer than the next Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment; and such dispensation shall be duly recorded in the office of the Grand Recorder. Sec. 21. To grant Warrants, during the recess of the Grand En- campment, for the formation of Grand Commanderies in States, Dis- tricts or Territories where no Grand Commandery exists; and to recall any such Warrants and to suspend or remove any officer named therein. Sec. 22. To commission any member of the Grand Encampment to constitute a Grand Commandery which has received a Warrant for its formation, or a Commandery which has received a Charter. He may also issue his proxy to any member of the Grand Encampment authorizing him to visit, inspect and preside over any Grand Commandery or any Commandery under the immediate jurisdiction of the Grand Encamp- 266 SESSIONAL BUSINESS merit, and such proxy shall be received and obeyed as the representative of the Grand Master. Sec. 23. He shall submit a copy of any decision rendered within sixty days thereafter to the Committee on Templar Jurisprudence, and make a full report of all his official acts to the Grand Encampment. The Deputy Grand Master Sec. 24. The Deputy Grand Master, in the event of the death, removal from the United States, or mental or physical incompetency of his superior, shall act as Grand Master. At all other times he shall perform such duties as may be assigned him by the Grand Encampment or the Grand Master. Tlie Grand Generalissimo and Grand Captain-General Sec. 25. In the absence of their respective superiors, the Grand Generalissimo and Grand Captain- General shall severally act as Grand Master, in order, according to rank. At all other times they shall per- form such duties as may be assigned them by the Grand Master or by the Grand Encampment, or such as are traditionally appropriate to their respective stations. Sec. 26. The Deputy Grand Master, the Grand Generalissimo, and the Grand Captain-General, are severally authorized to visit and preside in any Commandery of Knights Templar throughout the jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment, and give such instructions and directions as the good of the Order may require, always adhering to the Constitution, Laws and Rituals of the Grand Encampment, and the orders of the Grand Master. Sec. 27. In the event of the absence, death or disability of all of the first four officers of the Grand Encampment, the ranking Past Grand Master, according to seniority of service, shall assume the office and dis- charge the duties of Grand Master. Jlie Grand Treasurer Sec. 28. It shall be the duty of the Grand Treasurer to take charge of all the funds and securities of the Grand Encampment, except the fund held and invested by the Trustees of the Permanent Fund, and unless otherwise directed by the Grand Encampment, invest, with the approval of the Grand Master, from time to time, all such moneys as may come into his hands, belonging to the Grand Encampment, over and above the sum of one thousand dollars, in such way as he may judge most to the interest CONSTITUTION 267 of the Grand Encampment; but six thousand dollars thereof shall be sub- ject to call on thirty days' notice, and the same shall be at his command on the first day of the month preceding the Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment. Sec. 29. He shall pay all drafts drawn upon the Contingent Fund by the Grand Master. Sec. 30. He shall pay out no money except as prescribed in Section 29, unless upon a warrant or order signed by the Grand Master, attested by the Grand Recorder, and in pursuance of an appropriation voted by the Grand Encampment. Sec. 31. He shall render to the Grand Encampment at each Trien- nial Conclave, and oftener, if required by the Grand Encampment, a true and correct account in detail of all his receipts and disbursements, from whom received and to whom paid, with vouchers for all amounts paid out by him, together with an inventory covering all funds and property of the Grand Encampment in his hands; and he shall submit his books and accounts for inspection by the Committee on Finance on the Thursday immediately preceding the Conclave, and at such other times as he may be directed by the Grand Master. Sec. 32. He shall transmit a statement of his accounts to the Grand Master, by the first day of the month preceding the Triennial Conclave, and at such other times as he may be directed by the Grand Master, to the end that the Grand Master may make such suggestions or recommenda- tions in relation thereto as he may deem necessar}'. Sec. ;i,T,. He shall give bond, with surety in such form and in such an amount as shall from time to time be required of him by the Grand blaster, who shall judge and approve the sufficiency of such bond and surety and keep and preserve the same, and if he shall fail or refuse to give such bond, he shall forfeit his office, and the Grand Master shall appoint another Grand Treasurer. The Grand Recorder Sec. 34. It shah be the duty of the Grand Recorder to record the transactions of the Grand Encampment and to cause the same to be printed under the direction of the Committee on Printing, and to perform such other duties as shall be required of him by the Grand Encampment or Grand Master. Sec. 35. He shall receive, duly file, and safely keep, all papers and documents of the Grand Encampment. 268 SESSIONAL BUSINESS Sec. 36. He shall prepare and attest all Charters, Dispensations and other instruments emanating from the Grand Encampment. Sec. 37. He shall have charge of the seal of the Grand Encampment and shall, under such seal, attest all papers requiring the same. Sec. 38. He shall issue notice of the Triennial Conclave two months before the time fixed for it, which shall contain notice of all proposed amendments to the Constitution, Statutes or Rituals, and he shall also issue notice of any Special Conclaves, which notice shall contain a state- ment of the business to be brought before said Conclave, and he shall issue summons, when directed to do so by the Grand Encampment or Grand Master. Sec. 39. He shall collect and receive all the revenues, except income from investments, of the Grand Encampment, and pay over any funds in his hands to the Grand Treasurer, whenever they reach the sum of fave hundred dollars. Sec. 40. He shall give bond with surety in such form and in such amount as shall from time to time be required of him by the Grand Master, who shall judge and approve the sufficiency of such bond and surety and keep and preserve the same, and if the Grand Recorder shall fail or refuse to execute such bond, he shall forfeit his ofhce, and the Grand Master shall appoint a Grand Recorder. The Remaining Officers Sec. 41. The duties of the remaining officers of the Grand Encamp- ment are such as are traditionally appropriate to their respective stations, or such as may be assigned to them by the Grand Master or by the Grand Encampment. Article VIII ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF ELECTORS Sec. 42. The Grand Encampment shall provide for the election of its officers to serve for the ensuing three years. Sec. 43. No Knight Templar shall be eligible to any office in the Grand Encampment, except that of Grand Prelate and Grand Captain of the Guard, unless he shall be at the time a member thereof. Sec. 44. The first three officers of each Commandery under the immediate jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment, or as many of them as may be present, in person or by proxy, shall be entitled collectively to one vote in all of the proceedings of the Grand Encampment. Sec. 45. The Grand Commander, the Deputy Grand Commander, the Grand Generalissimo and the Grand Captain- General of each Grand CONSTITUTION 269 Commandery, the Commander, and the Generahssimo and the Captain- General of each Commandery under the immediate jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment, may be represented and vote by proxy: Provided, that such proxy be a member of the body to which his principal belongs; and provided, further, that such proxy does not, by virtue of his delegated authority, become a member of the Grand Encampment: Provided, also, that such proxy shall produce a properly authenticated certificate of his appointment. Article IX TITLES Sec. 46. The honorary title of the Grand Master of the Grand Encampment is Most Eminent, and the oflicial title is Grand Master. The honorary title of the Deputy Grand Master is Right Eminent, and the official title is Deputy Grand Master. The honorary title of each of the remaining officers of the Grand Encampment is Very Eminent. Article X CONCLAVES Sec. 47. A Stated Conclave of the Grand Encampment shall be held triennially, at such time and place as may be ordered by the Grand Encampment. Sec. 48. Special Conclaves may be called by the Grand Master at his discretion. And it shall be his duty, upon the written request of nine Grand Commanders, to call a Special Conclave, but no business shall be transacted at a Special Conclave, except that specified in the request, or summons of the Grand Master. Article XI PERMANENT FUND Sec. 49. The fund consisting of thirty thousand dollars, originally set aside as a Permanent Fund of the Grand Encampment, and such sums as have been or which may be hereafter added thereto, shall be held and invested by a Board of Trustees consisting of five members. The Grand Master and Grand Treasurer, e.x-officio, and three other members of the Grand Encampment, one to be elected at each Triennial Conclave, to serve for nine years. Sec. 50. Every loan made by them shall be secured by real estate, worth at least double the amount of the loan, or by bonds of the United 270 SESSIONAL BUSINESS States, or bonds of any State of the United States of America. Or they may invest any part of said funds in such bonds or securities as are lawful investments for Savings Banks in the States of New York, Massachusetts or Connecticut. Sec. 51. Neither the Board of Trustees, nor any member thereof, shall be paid any compensation or remuneration whatsoever for services in the investment or management of said fund. Sec. 52. The Board shall render to the Grand Encampment at each Triennial Conclave, and oftener, if required by the Grand Encampment or Grand Master, a true and correct account in detail of all of its receipts and disbursements, together with a descriptive inventory covering all of its investments and funds, and shall submit its books for examination by the Committee on Finance. Sec. 53. The Custodian or Treasurer of the Funds and investments shall give bond in such form and in such amount as may be required of him by the Board of Trustees. Article XII CONTINGENT FUNDS Sec. 54. A sufficient sum shall be appropriated at each Triennial Conclave for a contingent fund for the Grand Master and the Grand Recorder, to be used by them in the payment of the current expenses of their offices. Article XIII APPEAL FROM CHAIR Sec. 55. This Grand Encampment, being a legislative body, acknowl- edging no superior, admits an appeal to be taken by any member from the decisions of the Chair on the question under consideration therein: Pro- vided, however, that such appeal shall not be sustained unless two-thirds of all the members present shall vote therefor. This Section is adopted for this Grand Encampment alone, and is not to be construed as establishing a precedent for the guidance of any other Templar body. Article XIV RULES OF ORDER AND COMMITTEES Sec. 56. Such Rules of Order may be made and committees provided as may be necessary to conduct the business of the Grand Encampment. CONSTITUTION 271 Article XV GRAND COMMANDERIES — HOW FORMED Sec. 57. Whenever there shall be three or more Chartered Command- eries formed and holden under this Grand Encampment, in any State, District or Territory, in which there is no Grand Commandery, a Grand Commandery may be formed by virtue of the Warrant of the Grand Mas- ter, who shall report his action, and -if the Grand Encampment shall approve of the formation of such Grand Commandery, a Charter shall be issued. Sec. 58. The jurisdictional limits of a Grand Commandery are the State, District or Territory in which it exists, except that the Grand Com- mandery of Massachusetts and Rhode Island is recognized as holding jurisdiction over both of these States: Provided, that the Grand Com- manderies of the Indian Territory and Oklahoma may continue their present separate existence, retaining their original jurisdiction, or may consolidate at their pleasure. or WHOM COMPOSED Sec. 59. A Grand Commandery consists of the following members: (a) The Grand Commander, The Deputy Grand Commander, The Grand Generalissimo, The Grand Captain-General, The Grand Senior Warden, The Grand Junior Warden, The Grand Prelate, The Grand Treasurer, The Grand Recorder, The Grand Standard Bearer, The Grand Sword Bearer, The Grand Warder, and The Grand Captain of the Guard; the first nine of whom (excepting the Grand Prelate) shall be elected by ballot ; the last four, together with the Grand Prel- ate, shall be elected or appointed by the Grand Commander, as each Grand Commandery shall determine. (b) All Past Grand Commanders, All Past Deputy Grand Commanders, All Past Grand Generalissimos, and All Past Grand Captains-General, of the same Grand Com- 272 SESSIONAL BUSINESS mandery, so long as they remain members of Commanderies under the same territorial jurisdiction. (c) The Commander, The Generalissimo, and The Captain-General of each Commandery under the same Grand Commandery. {d) All Past Commanders of the Commanderies under the same Grand Commandery, and such Past Commanders as may have dimitted from another jurisdiction and who shall have been elected to membership by the Grand Commandery in the jurisdiction where they reside, so long as they remain mem- bers of Commanderies under the same territorial jurisdiction. (e) Any distinguished Knight Templar of another Grand Com- mandery under the jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment, by a vote of two-thirds of the members present, may be elected an Honorary Member, which will not confer the right to vote. TITLES Sec. 60. The honorary title of a Grand Commander is Right Eminent and the official title is Grand Commander. The honorary title of the Deputy Grand Commander is Very Eminent and the official title is Deputy Grand Commander. The honorary title of the remaining officers of a Grand Commandery is Eminent. CONCLAVES Sec. 61. Each Grand Commandery shall hold a Stated Conclave at least once in each year. Special Conclaves may be called by the Grand Commander; and it shall be his duty, upon the request of a majority of the Commanderies, to him directed in writing, to call a Special Conclave. No business shall be transacted at a Special Conclave except that specified in the original notice or summons. POWERS AND DUTIES Sec. 62. Each Grand Commandery, at its Annual Conclave, shall review and consider all the official reports of its officers, and the proceed- ings of its subordinates, for the preceding year. Sec. 63. It shall have power to adopt a Constitution and such laws and regulations, not inconsistent with the Constitution and Laws of the Grand Encampment, as may be necessary for the good of the Order. CONSTITUTION 273 Sec. 64. It shall have exclusive power to form new Commanderies within its jurisdiction, and that without the recommendation or consent of any Commandery, and to fix the fee therefor: Provided, that it shall not be less than one hundred dollars, to be paid in advance, and it shall have power to ordain and prescribe regulations for their government, and it may revoke any existing Charter or Dispensation. Sec. 65. It shall possess authority to require from the several Com- manderies within its jurisdiction such proportion of the sums received by them for conferring the Orders, and also such sums, in the form of annual dues from the respective members, as may be necessary for the support of the Grand Commandery. Sec. 66. It shall examine the accounts of the Grand Treasurer and Grand Recorder, and supervise the state and condition of the finances, and adopt such measures in relation thereto as may be necessary to increase, secure and preserve the same, and also to insure the utmost punctuality on the part of every accounting officer in the safe-keeping and paying over of the funds and property of the Grand Commandery. Sec. 67. It shall have power to assign the limits of jurisdiction of Commanderies within its own jurisdiction, and settle all controversies that may arise between them. Sec. 68. It shall consider and do all matters and things appertain- ing to the good, well-being and perpetuation of Templar Masonry, but always subordinate to the Grand Encampment of the United States. Sec. 69. The Grand Commanderies, in such manner as they may respectively determine, shall annually collect and pay to the Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment such an amount as may be determined by the Grand Encampment, for each Knight Templar returned as a mem- ber of their respective Commanderies at the Conclave of the Grand Com- mandery, preceding July the first of each year, which fund, with the returns of the Grand Commandery, shall be forwarded to the Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment on or before the first day of July in each year. The Grand Commander Sec. 70. The Grand Commander shall have a watchful supervision over all the Commanderies under his jurisdiction, and see that the Con- stitution, Laws and Rituals of the Grand Encampment, and the Consti- tution, Laws and Regulations of his own Grand Commandery are duly and promptly observed. 274 SESSIONAL BUSINESS And he shall appoint all committees and all officers not made elective, and shall fill all vacancies which may occur in any of the elective offices, except Deputy Grand Commander, Grand Generalissimo and Grand Cap- tain-General, to serve during the pleasure of the Grand Commander, or until their successors shall have been elected and installed. Sec. 71. He shall have the power and authority, during the recess of the Grand Commandery, to grant Letters of Dispensation, to nine or more petitioners residing within its jurisdiction, and possessing the con- stitutional qualifications, empowering them to form and open a Com- mandery. And such Dispensation shall be in force no longer than the next Annual Conclave of the Grand Commandery. Sec. 72. He shall issue no Letters of Dispensation for the formation of a new Commandery save upon the recommendation of the Commandery in the same territorial jurisdiction nearest the location of the new Com- mandery prayed for. Sec. 73. If the new Commandery is to be stationed in a city where there is more than one Commandery, two of those located in such city must recommend the petition. Sec. 74. During the recess of the Grand Commandery, he may sus- pend from the functions of his office any officer of the Grand Commandery or of a Commandery, or arrest the Charter of Dispensation of a Com- mandery; but in neither case shall such suspension afJect the standing in the Order of such officer, or of his membership in the Commandery. He shall report his action in full to the next Conclave of the Grand Com- mandery for its final action. Sec. 75. He may visit and preside in any Commandery within the jurisdiction of the Grand Commandery, and give such instructions and directions as the good of the Order may require, always adhering to the Constitution, Laws and Rituals of the Grand Encampment, and the Con- stitution, Statutes and Regulations of his Grand Commandery. The Deputy Grand Commander Sec. 76. The Deputy Grand Commander, in the event of the death, removal, absence from the jurisdiction, or the mental or physical incom- petency of his superior, shall act as Grand Commander. At all other times he shall perform such duties as may be assigned him by the Grand Commander or the Grand Commandery. CONSTITUTION 275 The Grand Generalissimo and Grand Captain-General Sec. 77. In case of the absence, death, removal or disability of their respective superiors, the Grand Generalissimo and Grand Captain- General shall severally act as Grand Commander, in order, according to rank. At all other times they shall perform such duties as may be assigned them by the Grand Commander or the Grand Commandery, or such as are traditionally appropriate to their respective stations. The Grand Treasurer Sec. 78. The Grand Treasurer shall perform such duties as shall be prescribed by the Laws of the Grand Commandery. The Grand Recorder Sec. 79. The Grand Recorder shall perform such duties as shall be prescribed by the Laws of the Grand Commandery. Sec. 80. He shall annually communicate to the Grand Master, the Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment, and to the Grand Recorders of each of the other Grand Commanderies, the roll of officers of the Grand Commandery and such other matters as may give information as to the condition of the Order in the jurisdiction, or may conduce to the general good of the Order. Sec. 81. He shall forward to the Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment, on or before the first day of July of each year, the annual returns and dues of the Grand Commandery. Sec. 82. He shall annually transmit to the Grand Master and Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment copies of all the printed proceedings and of the Laws adopted by the Grand Commandery. Sec. 83. He shall have charge of the seal of the Grand Commandery, and shall, under such seal, attest all papers requiring the same. The Remaining Officers Sec. 84. The duties of the remaining officers, as well as those above specified, shall be such as are traditionally appropriate to their respective stations, or assigned to them by the Grand Commander or the Grand Commandery, and conforming as near as may be to those of the corre- sponding officers of the Grand Encampment. Sec. 85. In the event of the absence, death or disability of the first four officers of the Grand Commandery, the ranking Past Grand Com- mander, according to seniority of service, shall assume the office and dis- charge the duties of Grand Commander. 276 SESSIONAL BUSINESS Toiiire of Office Sec. 86. The several Grand Officers shall hold their respective offices until their successors shall be duly elected, or appointed and installed, sub- ject to the provisions of Section 120. Eligibility to Office Sec. 87. No Knight Templar shall be eligible to any office in a Grand Commandery, except Grand Prelate and Grand Captain of the Guard, unless he shall be at the time a present or Past Commander. Majority to Govern Sec. 88. At every Conclave of a Templar body, unless otherwise expressly provided by the Constitution and Laws of the Grand Encamp- ment, all questions shall be determined by a majority of votes. In case the votes are equally divided the presiding officer shall give the casting vote. Representation by Proxy Sec. 89. Each Grand Commandery shall determine whether or not proxy representation shall be permitted, and if it shall be allowed, the Grand Commandery shall prescribe the rules governing the same. Appeal Sec. 90. No appeal shall lie to the Grand Commandery from any decision of a Grand Commander, except during a Conclave or on questions arising as to the construction or effect of the Constitution, Laws or Rituals of the Grand Encampment, or of the Laws of the Grand Commandery. Sec. 91. An appeal may be taken to the Grand Encampment from any decision or action of a Grand Commander, or of a Grand Commandery, on questions arising as to the construction or effect of the Constitution, Laws or Rituals of the Grand Encampment. Consolidation of Grand Commanderies Sec. 92. (a) When any State, district or territory in which a Grand Commandery has been chartered is consolidated with another State, dis- trict or territory, which also has a Grand Commandery, the two Grand Commanderies may consolidate under the name and title of the State, district or territory so consolidated. (6) The officers of the consolidated Grand Commandery, unless otherwise agreed upon by the consolidated Grand Commandery, shall be CONSTITUTION 277 the Sir Knights holding office in the older of the two Grand Commanderies so consolidated. The Commanderies shall be numbered and shall rank according to the date of their Charters. (c) The Past Officers in either of the two Grand Commanderies of which the consolidation is formed shall be entitled to the rank in the con- solidated body which they held at the time of the consolidation. (d) All of the property and assets of every kind belonging to the two bodies shall become the property and vest in the new Grand Commandery so formed. Article XVI COMMANDERIES, HOW FORMED Sec. 93. Each Commandery, before it can be formed, if located in a country, State, district or territory where there is no Grand Commandery, must have a dispensation from the Grand Encampment or Grand Master, or a Charter from the Grand Encampment; if located in a country. State, district or territory where there is a Grand Commandery, it must have a dispensation from the Grand Commandery or Grand Commander, or a Charter from the Grand Commandery, and no Commandery can be opened or formed without such dispensation or Charter. And all Templar communication is interdicted between any Commandery under the jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment, or any member thereof, and any Commandery or member thereof, in any country, State, district or territory without such Dispensation or Charter. Sec. 94. A Commandery consists of the following officers: The Commander, The Generalissimo, The Captain-General, The Senior Warden, The Junior Warden, The Prelate, The Treasurer, The Recorder, The Standard Bearer, The Sword Bearer, The Warder, The Sentinel and Guards, And of such Knights Templar as may be members thereof. The Commander, Generalissimo, Captain-General, Treasurer and Recorder shall be elected by ballot, and the remaining officers shall be elected or appointed by the Commander, as may be provided by the Laws of the Grand Commandery. 278 SESSIONAL BUSINESS TITLE Sec. 95. The honorary title of the Commander of a Commandery is Eminent, and the official title is Commander. CONCLAVES Sec. 96. The Stated Conclaves of a Commandery shall be held at least quarterly, at such time and place as may be specified in the Charter, or designated in the By-Laws of the Commandery. Sec. 97. Special Conclaves may be called by the Commander, but no business shall be transacted other than the conferring of the Orders, except that specified in the notice or summons. ALLEGIANCE Sec. 98. Upon the formation of a Grand Commandery, all Com- manderies within the territorial jurisdiction must enroll themselves under such Grand Commandery, have their Charters endorsed or their Dispensa- tions extended, and shall respect and obey the laws and regulations of such Grand Commandery. APPEAL Sec. 99. No appeal shall lie to the Commandery from the decision of the Commander. Upon questions arising as to the construction or effect of the Constitution, Rituals or Laws of the Grand Encampment, or of the Laws of the Grand Commandery, an appeal may be taken to the Grand Commandery, or to the Grand Encampment when the Commandery is under its immediate jurisdiction. TENURE or OFFICE Sec. 100. The several officers shall hold and discharge the duties of their respective offices until their successors are duly installed, subject to the provisions of Section 120. THE COMMANDER Sec. loi. The Commander has it in special charge to see that the By-Laws and Regulations of the Commandery are duly observed, as well as the Constitution, Laws, Rituals and Rules of the Grand Encampment, and the Constitution, Laws and Regulations of the Grand Commandery. That accurate records are kept and just accounts rendered, and that regu- lar returns are made to the Grand Encampment or Grand Commandery annually, and that the dues are promptly paid. CONSTITUTION 279 Sec. 102. It is his duty, together with the Generalissimo and Cap- tain-General, to attend all Conclaves of the Grand Encampment when under its immediate jurisdiction, or of the Grand Commandery where there is one having jurisdiction. Sec. 103. In case of the absence, death, removal, or the mental or physical incompetency of the Commander, the GeneraHssimo or Cap- tain-General shall severally act as Commander, according to rank. In case of the disabihty, from any cause of the GeneraHssimo, the Captain- General shall succeed to the duties of the vacant post; at all other times they shall perform such duties as may be assigned them by the Com- mander or Commandery, or such as are traditionally appropriate to their respective stations. THE TREASURER Sec. 104. The Treasurer shall perform such duties as are prescribed by the Constitution, Laws, Rules and Regulations of the Grand Encamp- ment, the Laws of the Grand Commandery, and the By-Laws of the Commandery. THE RECORDER Sec. 105. The Recorder shall issue notice of Stated and Special Conclaves, and in the notices for Special Conclaves he shall, under the direction of the Commander, state the particular business to be trans- acted. He shall also issue Summons when directed by the Commander or Commandery. He shall keep correct minutes of all the transactions of the Com- mandery. He shall collect and receive all dues or assessments and revenues of the Commandery, and shall promptly pay the same over to the Treasurer. He shall have charge of the seal of the Commandery, and shall afhx it to all papers requiring the same. He shall report, annually, to the Grand Recorder the roll of officers and members, and such other matters as may conduce to the general good of the Order, in such form as may be prescribed by the Grand Commandery, and he shall accompany said report with the amount of dues and fees due to the Grand Commandery. He shall promptly transmit to the Grand Commander and Grand Recorder copies of all the By-Laws and Regula- tions adopted by the Commandery. He shall submit his books to examination whenever required to do so by the Commandery or by the Grand Commandery. 28o SESSIONAL BUSINESS Sec. io6. When the Commandery is under the immediate jurisdic- tion of the Grand Encampment, he shall make the reports and returns provided for to the Grand Master and to the Grand Recorder. Sec. 107. Recorders of Commanderies under the immediate juris- diction of the Grand Encampment shall report annually to the Grand Recorder of the Grand Encampment, on or before the first day of July, the roll of its officers and members, and all the changes as provided for in the blanks to be furnished by the Grand Recorder; and accompany the same with the amount of fees and dues. TREASURER AND RECORDER TO GIVE BONDS Sec. 108. The Treasurer and Recorder of a Commandery under the immediate jurisdiction of the Grand Encampment shall severally give bond, with surety, in such form and amount as shall, from time to time, be determined by the Commandery, and the Commander shall judge and approve of the sufficiency of such bond and surety, and shall keep and pre- serve the same. SUCCESSION IN OFFICE Sec. 109. In the event of the absence, death or disability of the first three officers of a Commandery, the ranking Past Commander present shall assume the office and discharge the duties of Commander. SPECIAL ELECTION Sec. no. If a vacancy shall occur in any of the offices, except when there is a right of succession, the Grand Master or Grand Commander, respectively, may authorize a special election to fill such vacancy upon written request to that effect by the Commandery. PETITIONS ONLY AT STATED CONCLAVES Sec. III. Petitions for the Orders or for membership can neither be received nor acted upon, except at Stated Conclaves, and no petition can be balloted on in less than two weeks from its presentation. SOJOURNERS Sec. 112. No Commandery shall confer the Orders of Knighthood, or either of them, upon any sojourner whose place of residence is within any country. State, district or territory in which there is a Commandery, unless consent of the Commandery having territorial jurisdiction, and of the Grand Commander, where there is one, is first obtained: Provided, however, that it shall be lawful for any Commandery to receive the peti- tion and confer the Orders upon any person connected with Army or Navy CONSTITUTION 281 of the United States who shall have been stationed within its jurisdiction for at least six months prior to the presentation of his petition ; and in the event of a violation of this section the Commandery so offending shall be subject to discipline, and be required to pay over to the Commandery having jurisdiction the amount of fees received for such admission. ELIGIBILITY TO ORDERS Sec. 113. The Orders of Knighthood shall not be conferred upon any one who has not received the degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, Master Mason, Mark Master Mason, Past Master, Most Excellent Master and Royal Arch Mason; nor upon any one who is not an affili- ated Master Mason and Royal Arch Mason. QUALIEICATIONS NOT TO BE CHANGED Sec. 114. No Grand Commandery or Commandery has the right to add to, take from, or change the qualifications of candidates for the Orders of Knighthood and membership in a Commandery as prescribed by the Constitution of the Grand Encampment. ORDER OF SUCCESSION Sec. 115. The rule of succession in conferring the Orders shall be as follows: I, The Order of the Red Cross; 2, Knight Templar, and 3, Knight of Malta, which last Order may be conferred or communicated. vow OF OFFICE Sec. 116. The ofi&cers of every Commandery, before entering upon the exercise of the duties of their respective offices, shall take the follow- ing vow, viz.: 'T, (A. B.), do promise and vow that I will support and maintain the Constitution, Laws and Rituals of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America, the Constitution, Laws and Regulations of the Grand Commandery of this jurisdiction, and the By-Laws of this Commandery, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office to which I have been chosen, to the best of my ability." The vow of officers of the Grand Encampment shall be the same, with the omission of the clause relating to Grand Commanderies and Com- manderies. The officers of a Grand Commandery shall omit from this vow the words, "and the By-Laws of this Commandery." ASSESSMENTS Sec. 117. A Commandery has the right to levy and collect such annual dues and pro rata assessments as may be needed to pay its expenses. 282 SESSIONAL BUSINESS Sec. ii8. In the absence of any special law, a majority vote may determine the propriety of an assessment and the amount thereof: Pro- ivded, that a member of a Commandery may appeal to the Grand Com- mandery if he feels aggrieved by such assessment, and claims that it is in violation of Templar Law. FEE FOR ORDERS Sec. 119. No Commandery shall confer the Orders of Knighthood for a less sum than thirty dollars, and the fee for the Orders cannot be re- mitted directly or indirectly. WHEN OFFICE VACATED Sec. 120. When any one of the first four officers of a Grand Com- mandery, or the first three officers of a Commandery, shall be elected and installed as Grand Master, his rights and powers as such officer of the Grand Commandery or Commandery, ipso facto, cease, and the duties of the office shall devolve upon the officer next in rank. The same rule shall apply when any one of the first three officers of a Commandery shall be elected and installed as Grand Commander. AMENDMENTS Sec. 121. The Grand Encampment, upon the concurrence of three- fourths of its members present at any Stated Conclave, may revise, amend and alter this Constitution or the Rituals adopted by the Grand Encamp- ment and, by a two-thirds vote of the members present, may repeal, alter or amend the Statutes, or change the uniform: Provided, however, that any member intending to submit a motion relative to a change of the Con- stitution, Statutes, or Rituals shall give notice thereof, in writing, to the Grand Recorder at least four months before the day on which the Trien- nial Conclave shall be held, at which such subject is to be discussed, and notice thereof shall be inserted in the notice of the Conclave; otherwise no such motion shall be entertained: Provided, also, that if the Grand Re- corder fail to give such notice, the proposed amendment may be called up by consent of three-fourths of the members present and acted upon as if said notice had been given: Provided, further, that any amendment proposed at a Triennial Conclave may be acted upon at the next Con- clave, whether inserted in the notice of the Grand Recorder or not, and the same may be considered in the absence of the proposer: Provided, further, that the proposed amendment may be modified in any manner by the Grand Encampment while the same is under consideration; no CONSTITUTION 283 modification, liowever, shall be made not germane to the matter contained in the proposed amendment. Article XVII REPEALING CLAUSE Sec. 122. All Constitutional provisions not included in this Consti- tution are hereby repealed. OFFICERS OF THE GRAND COMMANDERY OF ILLINOIS, 1910 Sir William L. Sharp, e. g. c. g. Sir Stuart E. Pierson, e. g. s. w. Sir Thomas A. Stevens, e. g. Rev. Sir Thomas A. Parker, e. g. p. Sir John D. Cleveland, r. e, g. c. Sir Sylvester O. Spring, e. Sir Harry H. Cleaveland, v. e. d. g. c. Sir Arthur M. Otman, e. g. g. Sir Harris A. Wheeler, e. g. r. Sir Andrew J. Redmond, e. g. s. b. Sir Louis A. Mills, e. g. st Sir Andrew L. Anderson, e. g. w. Sir Chester S. Gurney, e. g. c. gd. CHAPTER XVin REVIEW AND OUTLOOK T HAS been a high privilege and a great pleas- ure to the writer to be able to pass in review the history of our noble Order from its first inception in the glorious days of the Crusades, and from its reconception and rebirth in the days when these United States were born, to the heights of honor, glory and efficiency which it has reached today. The author dares scarcely hope that his work has presented to the reader the glorious picture which his mind was privileged to see, in all the beauty and in all the glowing colors which the subject merits. Yet it is hoped that, in spite of the defects of the work, of which no one can be more conscious than the author himself, the grandeur of the subject will be sufficient to awaken in the reader, be he a member of the Order or not, interest and pleasure in no small portion of the story told in the foregoing pages, and renewed love and fealty in the hearts of the members, a new friendship and respect in the minds of non-members, for the great and beneficent Society about whose deeds and sufferings, about whose vicissitudes and successes the story turns. Who can read the stirring tale of the days of the Crusades, be it ever so humbly told, — the tale of those Knights of the Temple who in the fray for Christian possession of the Holy Land ever led in assault and onslaught on the foe and ever held out to the last, when forced, by overwhelming numbers to retreat, sparing few men from death and none from grievous wounds, leaving not an ounce of strength unused, — who can suffer this drama to unfold itself before his mind's eye and remain unmoved? And though we deny direct connection between the mediaeval form of the Order and the modern, no one will deny that, at the very least, the modern Order is a brave and noble attempt to resurrect in moulds and patterns, suited to the changed conditions of the present day, all that was greatest and best in the old Knights Templar of the Holy Land. Even so, then, if we mark the mediaeval period of the Order's existence as a first period, which came to a definite and absolute close with the death of the Mar- tyred De Molai and the world-wide dispersion of the Order, — the precept 286 PRESENT AND FUTURE and example of high courage, of steadfast purpose, of noble ambition in striving after the highest goals, which those Knights of old have left us, cannot but inspire us to like efforts after aims as high and noble in our own day. And if we say that they failed, therein, too, we may profit by their misfortune and they may become saviors and beacon lights for us and our onward march, in that they show us errors to be avoided and pitfalls to be shunned. Nor is the history of our Order, as it is reborn, as it struggles through a precarious infancy to promising childhood, and grows from budding youth to the full glory and strength of manhood, without inspiring factors and elements. However small and insignificant the beginnings made by that sweet and noble character, Thomas Smith Webb, and his confreres may seem when compared with the flourishing condition of the Order at the present moment, — surely the subhme faith with which they did their work under the most adverse circumstances, the unfaltering gaze wherewith they held their great idea and ideal in view with a firm belief in its useful- ness to the world, in its beneficence to humanity, in its permanence among the institutions of men, and in its ultimate consummation in reality, can- not but command our respectful love and admiration. The events that have transpired since then have amply borne out the faith and confidence with which these martyrs in their day suffered the jeers and sneers of an unbelieving world. In humble guise the Order made its entrance with the newly-born country, as one of its features and institutions, from the un- known upon the stage of the world and its life and its history. With the country it grew and prospered, sharing with it its days of adversity and its moments of seeming failure, but emerging ever from the slough of despond to new heights of glory and achievement. So we have seen it, under the master hand of a Hubbard and his able lieutenants, assume national proportions, and an importance and organization adequate to these new demands. What though a touch of arbitrariness, a hint of narrowness and provincialism in their features and actions here and there provoke a smile of amusement. These are but the passing stains and spots of dust which the earnest laborer in the ardor of his toil cannot and does not avoid. Beneath it appear the rugged honesty and the sublime nobility where- with a Lincoln characterized that period of our country's history, the dogged and unswerving steadfastness of purpose which marked the work and efforts of a Grant and a Sheridan; nor is the refinement and the cul- ture lacking, wherewith a Lee graced the world and the society of his day. It was the work of these men that built solid the walls of the edifice that REVIEW AND OUTLOOK 287 stands nearly finished today; theirs was the rough-hewing that made it possible for us to polish and finish; theirs was the making of the forces, the upbuilding of the characters which have made it possible for us to overstep the bounds of nationahty and enter the international field, com- manding the respect not only of our own, but of other peoples, — of the peoples and nations of the world as well. And now we have entered into the fruits of the labors of our fathers. No one who attended the Chicago Conclave of 1910, no one who glances over the work done and the results accomplished there, will have any doubts on this score. In a hundred ways, as he will know who studies this record, in features too numerous to mention in this brief recapitulation, this Conclave marked the point and showed the Order upon heights where the visions of a Webb and the ideals of a Hubbard had been attained and had become actual, tangible reality. One city, the central city of the Union, all of its citizens, both members and non-members contributing, stood ready to expend from $200,000 to $250,000 to prove this fact. Hosts of guests, in numbers hitherto unheard, half a million and more, came from far and near, from the uttermost bounds of the land, from beyond the great waters of the East and the West, to grace the noble assemblage and to witness the demonstration. And the Order stood forth, a noble army of 200,000 Knights, Knights not of fire and sword, but Knights of good- ness and truth, a spectacle to be seen, to be searched and examined of whom it listed. With an escorting parade through great streets and thor- oughfares festively decorated by day, illumined with myriads of lights, that rivaled the day, by night, the Conclave entered upon its work. There could be no doubt that this Order, its Conclave and its Governing Body, were national forces. National in its scope was its influence for good and truth displayed to the public in one of the greatest and most splendid Divine services ever held in Chicago, and not in Chicago alone, but any- where in the world. Commensurate to the size and wealth of the Order was the lavishness and prodigality of its entertainment, wherein it proved itself a truly national factor in the social life not only of this great Amer- ican people, but of the peoples of the civilized world. Its competitive drills, of wide scope, with more participants entered than ever before, of finer quality and of greater quantity than had yet been shown, made clear the fact that in its discipline and in the order which it instills into its mem- bers, it is a factor not to be neglected or overlooked among the factors and elements which go to make up the forces of our nation. And, last and greatest, that highest goal and pinnacle toward which the eyes of the 288 PRESENT AND FUTURE founders had been direct with unquenchable longing, toward which the feet of the generation preceding ours had been so steadfastly plodding, — upon the last and most strenuous steps to which, the great workers among ourselves, most prominent among them, the late lamented veteran. Gen- eral John Corson Smith, had been laboring for upward of a decade, — was now attained. England, Scotland, Ireland and Canada joined hands with these United States, and with the Concordat reached, the Order now stands forth, not only a national, American, — but an international, cosmopolitan, world-wide Society and Institution. The last traces of mere nationalism and provincialism were sloughed off, and the basis for the new position of importance in the world was created by the adoption of the newly-revised Constitution. In harmonious effort with our brethren, across the bound- aries of State and Nation, across the great waters, we are reaching out to distant China, to Australia and Africa, — and the aim is to encircle the world with the band of freedom, of brotherly love and affection, of truth and right, for which the colors of the Knights Templar stand. Friends and Fraters, it has been given us to attain those mountain- heights for which our fathers yearned, to stand on pinnacles of which they scarcely dreamed. Let us not fail to hold in grateful remembrance their earnest labors and their strenuous efforts, however humble they may appear in the light of our wider surroundings; for these have made our attainments possible. But neither let us forget that there are greater heights yet beyond. Having noted our attainment, having taken stock of our forces, let us not lie slothfully and shamefully dreaming and idly sunning ourselves on the heights to which the blood and sweat of our forefathers have helped us to climb. There is much work yet to be done. Work within, Fraters, each upon himself individually, each in his own smaller sphere, all of us in own national organization, that there we attain and maintain the ideals of purity, truth, goodness and righteousness, which the precepts and teachings of our Order hold up before us. Work without, that many the world over may enter to enjoy with us the beneficence and the glory which we know we possess. Let "Work, — work with high aim, with unfaltering courage and unswerving purpose, — work for the better- ment and happiness of the world of men" be our watchword hencefor- ward, as it was the watchword of our fathers. C O N T E N r S PAcr: Chapter I The Old Knighls Templar of the Hoh Land 15 Chapter II Knighl-Templarclom and Freemasonry 25 Chapter 1 1 1 Formati\e Period and Organization of t:be Ceneral C.rand Eneampment of the United States in 1816 34 Chapter I\' Early C.rowth and Development (lSl<)-lS5o) 45 Chapter V The Conclave of Re\'ision (1856) 55 Chapter \'I First Period of De\elopment Under the New Era, Inaug- urated by the First Chicago Concla\e in 1859 63 Chapter \'II Second Period of Development Under the Modern Era, Ushered in by the Second Chicago Concku'e in 1880.. 73 Chapter \'III Elaborate Preparations Made for the Holding of the dreatest Concla\'e in Templar History- 97 CtLVPTER IX Chicago Decked Out and Ready to Receive the Crand Encampment and the Templar Hosts 119 Chapter X Obituary of the Thirty-first Triennial C(jnclave 135 Cn.\PTER XI The Creat Religious Ser\-ice \\4ierewith Concla^-e Week Was Begun 181 Chapter XII Official Entrance of Crand Encampment and Reception of the Crand Commancleries 199 Chapter XIII The Creat Parade and Re\ie\v 208 Chapter XI\' Competiti\-e Drills 225 Chapter XY The Social Features of the Concla\-e of 1910 241 Chapter X\'I Sessional Business 253 Chapter X\'II C(.)nstitution of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the Lhiited States of America 262 Chapter X\'III Re\Te\v and Outlocik 284 INDEX-ILLUSTRATIONS A PAGE Acco (Acre) 23 Anderson, Andrew L 102 Anderson, Mrs. Andrew L 109 Apollo Commandery, No. 1 237 Arch, Entrance 122 Arch, Grand Commandery 122 Arch, Illinois, 1910 (Initial Ch. VIII) 97 Archibald, M. E, Sir Luther B 236 Athlit (Initial, Ch. I) 15 Athlumney, The Lord 204 B Badge (Initial Ch. IV) 45 Badge, Official 223 Bernard, St., Commandery, No. 35, of Chicago, at San Francisco, 1904 89 Bernard, St., Commandery, No. 35, of Chicago, at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 1907 92 Bull, Archibald 49 Brundage, Edward J 104 Burmester, William C 104 Busse, Fred A 104 Boston, 1895, Conclave Parade 82 Boykin, Sir Henry M 254 C Canada, Supreme Grand Master, Sovereign Great Priory, Knights Templar of 236 Chamberlin, Sir Jehiel W 254 Chicago Commanderies 237, 238 Chicago Commanderies, Parade of 221 Chicago Commandery, No. 19, Chicago, 111 230 Chicago Park Scenes 120, 128, 130, 132 Cleaveland, Harry H 102 Cleaveland, Mrs. Harry H 109 Cleveland, John Durham 96, 98 Cleveland, Mrs. John Durham 109 Cleveland, Mrs. John Durham and Daughters 245 Clinton, De Witt • 41 Coffin, Gorham B 103 Colman, Sir Huston B 254 Columbia Commandery, No. 63, Chicago, 111 229, 238 Commanderies, Chicago 237, 238 Commanderies, Chicago, Parade of 221 Commandery, Apollo, No. 1 237 Commandery, Chicago, No. 19, Chicago, 111 230 Commandery, Columbia, No. 63, Chicago, 111 229, 238 Commandery, Englewood, No. 59, Chicago, 111 229, 238 Commandery, Evanston, No. 53, Evanston, 111 230 Commandery, Hanselmann, No. 16, Cincinnati, Ohio 226 Commandery, Illinois, No. 72, Chicago, 111 213, 238 Commandery, Ivanhoe, No. 33, Kankakee, 111 233 Commandery, Ivanhoe, No. 24, Milwaukee, Wis 226 Commandery, Joliet, No. 4, Joliet, III 233 Commandery, Lincoln Park, No. 64, Chicago, 111 ,229, 237 292 HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM PAllE CommandcTN-, Mizpah, No. 73, Chicago, III 2.37 Commandcry, Raper, No. 1, Indianapolis, Ind 22G Commandcry, Siloam, No 54, Oak Park, 111 217, 230, 237 Commandcry, St. Bernard, No. 35, Chicago, 111 238 Crane, The E. R. Newton 204 Committees, Officers of Triennial and Executi\-e 98 Crooks, Smyth 103 D Dean, Benjamin 77 Dean, Franklin 1' 104 Decorations in The "Loop District" 126 Dcver, Harry A 103 De Witt, Clinton 41 Dome of the Rock, The 16 Drill Corps 226, 229, 230, 233 E Emblem, Templar (Initial, Ch. \') 55 Emblem, Templar (Initial, Ch. \'I ) 63 Emblem, Templar (Initial, Ch. \TI> 73 Englewood Commandcry, No. 59, Chicago, 111 229, 238 Entrance Arch 122 Escort, Head of 210 Huston, The Rt. Hon. The Earl of 203 Evanston Commandcry, No. 53, E\anston, 111 230 F Fellows, John (J. A 70 First Prize, Class I 228 First Prize, Class II 234 First Prize, Class 111 234 First Record of Knights Templar Degree in I'nited States 33 Fraser, The V. E. Thomas F 204 French, Benjamin Brown 05 G C.ardner, William Sewall 69 Cate, The City 201 Cerow, Sir John A 254 Gobin, Sir John Peter Shindcl 163 Grand Commandcry .Arch 122 Grand Encampment, K. T., U. S. A., 1910, The Officers of 254 Grand Stand 124 (jurney, Chester S 102 Giirney, Mrs. Chester S 109 H Hanselmann Commandcry, No. 16, Cincinnati, Ohio 226 Haynes, Everett L 104 Head of Escort 210 Homer, The E. H. J 204 Homes, Suburban, ol Chicago 134 Hopkins, James H 71 Hubbard, William Blackslone 52 Hurlbut, \'incent Lombard 74 INDEX— ILLUSTRATIONS 293 I PA(.E Illinois Arch, 1910 (Initial, Ch. VIII) 97 Illinois Commandcr\-, No. 72, Chicago, 111 213, 238 I vanhoe Commandery, No, 33, Kankakee, 111 233 I\-anhoc Commandery, No. 2 4, Milwaukee, Wis , 220 J Jacques dc Molai IS Jaffa 20 Jerusalem 19 Johnson, Edward L 104 Joliet Commander\', No. 4, Joliet, 111 233 K Kerak, Templar Fortress at 21 Knights of Malta (Initial, Ch. II) 20 Knight Templar, Mediae\-al, Mounted (Initial, Ch. Ill) 34 L Lampert, Nelson N 98 Lincoln Park Commanders-, No, (54, Chicago, 111 229, 237 Lines, Sir H. Wales 2.34 Lloyd, Sir Reuben Hedley 154 "Loop District," Decorations in 120 Louis\-ille, K\-., 1901, Triumphal Arch 87 M Alac Adam, D. D., Rev. Sir C,corge 187 Malta, Knight of (Initial, Ch. II) 2."j McArthur, Sir Arthur 2.54 McCurdy, Sir Hugh 150 McGuire, J. Fred 103 McLaughlin, Albert W 103 Medieval Knight Templar Mounted (Initial. Ch. Ill) 34 Melish, Mrs William Bromwell 243 Melish, Sir William B 254 Mills, Louis A 102 Mills, Mrs. Louis A 109 Mizpah Commandery, No. 73, Chicago, 111 237 Moulton, George M 91 , 104 Mounted Police 210 Mt. Hermon, Old Castle on 22 N Newb>', Sir Leonidas P 254 O Officers (jf The C.rand Encampment, K, T., C S. .\.. 1910 254 Officers of Triennial and Executix'e Committees 98 Official Badge 223 Old Castle on Mt. Hermon 22 Orr, Sir Joseph K 154 Otman, Arthur M 102 Otman, Mrs. Arthur M 109 P Palmer, Sir Henry L 1 59 Parade, Chicago Commanderies 221 Parade, Conclave in Boston, 1895 82 Parade, Conclave, 18,89, Washington, D. C ,80 294 HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM PAGE Parade, Marshal-Major Sir Holman G. Purinton and Staff 215 Parade, State Street, Chicago 219 Parade, San Francisco Conclave, 1883 76 Parker, Thomas A 102 Pierce, Sir W, Frank 17.3, 2.54 Pierson, Stuart E 102 Pierson, Mrs. Stuart E 109 Pittsburgh, 1898 85 Police, Mounted 210 Portal, The State 201 Prize, First, Class I 228 Prize, First, Class II 234 Prize, First, Class III 234 Prize, Third, Class I 228 Prize, Second, Class I 228 Prize, Second, Class II 234 Prizes 228, 234 Purinton, Holman G 104 Purinton, Major Sir Holman G., Parade Marshal and Staff 215 R Raper Commandery, No. 1, Indianapolis, Ind 226 Rathbun, Acors W 104 Record, First, of Knights Templar Degree in United States 33 Redmond, Andrew J 98 Redmond, Mrs. Andrew J 109 Reviewing Stand, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 1907 92 Roberts, Eben E 104 Robinson, Milton E 103 Roe, Edward R 103 Roome, Charles 79 Roundy, Frank C 104 Rugg, The Rev. Sir Henry Warren 136 S Sanborn, Joseph B 103 San Francisco, 1904 89 San Francisco Conclave Parade 76 Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Thirtieth Conclave 92 Scenes, Chicago Park 120, 128, 130, 132 Schoch, Albert F 103 Second Prize, Class 1 228 Second Prize, Class 11 234 Sharp, William L 102 Sharp, Mrs. William L 109 Siloam Commandery, No. 54, Oak Park, 111 217, 2.30, 237 Smith, Gen. John C 103, 178 Smith, Sir Lee S 254 Spring, Sylve.ster 102 St. Bernard Commandery, No. 35, Chicago, 111 238 St. Louis Conclave, Second, 1886 78 Stahl, Frank W 104 Stand, Grand 124 Stand, The Reviewing 209 State Street, Chicago, Parade 219 Stcbbins, William A 104 INDEX— ILLUSTRATIONS 295 PAGE Stevens, Thomas A 102 Stevens, Mrs. Thomas A 109 Steward, LeRoy T 103 Stilhvell, Homer A 98 Stoddard, Henry Bates 88 Suburban Homes of Chicago 134 Supreme Grand Master, Sovereign C",reat Priory, Knights Templar, Canada 236 T Templar Emblem ( Initial, Ch. V) 55 Templar Emblem ( Initial, Ch. XT) 63 Templar Emblem (Initial, Ch. VII) 73 Templar Fortress at Kerak 21 "Templar Way" 122 Thayer, Sir Frederic C 254 "The City Gate" 201 The Reviewing Stand 209 "The State Portal" 201 Third Prize, Class I 228 Thomas, Warren La Rue 84 Trotter, Fred E 103 Triumphal Arch, Louisville, Ky 87 V Valette, Jean La, Eighth ( ;rand Master of the Mediaeval Orfler 29 X'incent Lombard Hurlbut 74 W Walden, Sir John M 254 Washington, D. C, Concla\-e Parade, 1889 80 Watt, William Edward 103 Way, Templar 122 Webb, Thomas Smith .38 Wheeler, Harris A 102 Wilk, Fred L 102 Wilson, Benjamin S 9,5 Withers, Sir Robert Enoch I47 Wives of the Grand Officers of Illinois, 1910 109 TOPICAL INDEX A PAGE Acru 22 Acre, Battle of 21 Address of Acting ( Irand Master Melish 253 Address of Sir Henry Warren Rugg, Deceased 255 Address of William B. Mclisli 2-tG Alabama 50, 66 Alaska, Xome 90 Allen, James M 48-49 Alton, Belvidere Commandery, No. 2 57 American Rite 39 Amusement Parks, Chicago. 1910 131 Anderson, James M 69 Andrew Jackson 47 Andrew of Montbarr\ 16 Andrews, Charles \\'., Inspector of Oils 21S Andrew's, St., Ro>-al Arch Lodge, Boston 33 Anjou, Fulk of 17 Annual Report of Crand Master 90 Annual Reports of Crand Master 93 Anti-Masonic Excitement 46, 47 Authority of Grand Master 61 Apollo Commandery, No. 1, Chicago 56 Apollo Encampment, Chicago 50 Apostles' Creed 185 Appeal, Right of 61, 270 Arabs 15 Arch, Entrance, at Chicago 1910 123 Arch, Illinois (irand Commandery, Chicago 1910 123 Archibald, Luther B., of Canada 211, 235 Archibald, Official Reception of Luther B 253 Archibald of St. Amand 16 Ariz(jna 86 Arkansas 70 Arri\al of California Templars 202-203 Arri\al of Canadian Templars 205 Arri\"al of Connecticut Templars 206 Arrixal of Florida Templars 205 Arri\"al of Georgia Templars 205 Arri\al of Indiana Templars 205 ArriAal of Kentucky Templars 205 Arrival of Louisiana Templars 205 Arrival of Massachusetts Templars 202 Arrival of Michigan Templars 205 Arri\ al of Minnesota Templars 206 Arri\'al of Missouri Templars 207 Arri\al of Ncliraska Templars 207 Arri\ al of New York Templars 205 Arri\al of Ohio Templars 202 Arri\al of Pennsylvania Templars 206 Arri\al of Tennessee Templars 206 TOPICAL INDEX 297 PAGE Arrival of Tuxas Templars 205 Art Institute 131 Ascalon 21 Association of t'ommcrcc, Chicago !)7, 121 Athlumney, Lord 202, 244 Audit and Approval Ccjmmittee 105 B Badge, Official, Chicago. 1910 125 Baltimore, IVId 69 Baltimore, Md 47 Band Concert in ( ".rant Park, Sacred 241 Banquet Committee 105 Bancjuet of C.rand Commandery of Illinois 246 Banquet of Mutuals 242-243 Battle of Acre 21 Battle of Ascalon 21 Battle of Gaza 21 Battle of Pancas 21 Beam, William V 216 Beaujeau, William de 22 Beauseant Commandery, No. S, Baltimore 225, 232 Beginnings ot Modern Knight Templar\' 33-34-35 Beginnings of ( iranrl Encampment 40-41—42 Behrmann, M., Ma\'(jr of New Orleans 218 BeKadere Commandery, No. 2, Alton 57 Benjamin Brown French 53, 66, 68 Bernard, St., Commandery, No. 35. of Chicago 94 Berry, Stephen 77 Bideford, Girarrl de 21 Biography of Henr\' L. Palmer 158 Biography of Hugh McCunh' 150 Biography of John Corson Smith 178 Biography of John P. S. Gobin 163 Biography of Reuben Hedley Lloyd 155 Biography of Robert K. Withers 146-147 Biography of Sir Henry Warren Rugg 137 Biography of W. Frank Pierce 173 Bisol, Godfrey 16 Boston, Mass 33, 36-37-38, 48, 52, 83 Brackett, Mayor 93 Bristol, England 28 Bruce, Robert 2S, 30 Buildings, Masonic, Chicag(5, 1910 131 Bull, Archibald 49, 68 Burnham, Walter H 212 Busse, Mayor of Chicago 218 Busse's, Mayor, Speech of Welcome 210 Byzantine Empire 15 C California 53, 57, 64 California Templars, Arrival of 202 Campbell, Murclock, Commissioner of Buildings 218 Canada 53, 70, 78, 235, 256 Canadian Templars, Arri\al of 205 298 HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM PAGE Carolina, South 91 Carriage and Auto Committee 105 Carson, G. W 216 Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia 71-72 Champagne, Hugh of 17 Chapmay, Pleasant T 220 Charter Oak 62 Charter of Larmcnius 26, 27, 28, 30 l-'hicago 49-.50, 56, 64, 73-74, 94-95, 119, 121, 127 Chicago Association of Commerce 97-98 Chicago, Invitation to 94-95, 97 Chicago Journal 50, 65 Christmas Greetings 77 Christian Templarism 183 Christmas Greeting 81, 90 Christopher Wren, Sir 31 Church and Templarism 186 Civil War 66-67-68 Clairvaux, St. Bernard of 17 Clark, Charles 210 Classes in Competitive Drill 227, 231 Cleaveland, Harry H 218 Clement V 23, 27 Clement, Charles M 212 Cleveland, John D 97, 100-101, 105, 110, 113, 199, 218 Cleveland, John D., Speech of 222 Cleveland, Ohio 72 Clinton, DeWitt 40-41-42, 46 Columbus, Ohio 50 Code of Decisions 59 Code of Statutes 59, 72 Coffin, Gorham B 218 Columbia Commandery, No. 63, Chicago 225 Columbus, Ohio 67 Columbia, District of 47, 86 Commanderies 60-61, 277 Commanderics, etc.. Receptions of 242-243-244 Commanderies, Grand 60, 271 Commandery, Golden Gate of California 211 Commandery, Trinity, of Cincinnati 211 Commerce, Chicago Association of 97, 121 Committee, Audit and Approval 105 Committee, Bantjuet 105 Committee, Carriage and Automobile 105 Committee, Decorations and Electrical Display 106 Committee, Divine Service 106 Committee, Entertainment 106 Committee, Executive 99, 105 Committee, Executive, Constitution and Rules of 100 Committee, Exhibition Drill 106 Committee, Finance 106 Committee, Foreign Relations 106 Committee, Grand Stand 107 Committee, Halls and Pavilions 107 Committee, Health and Sanitation 107 TOPICAL INDEX 29Q I'At.E Committee, Horse and Horse Er|uipment 107 Committee, Hotel 107 Committee, Musie 107 Committee, Official Badge 107 Committee on Foreign Relations 253 Committee on Revision of Constitution 5') Committee, Parade lOS Committee, Police ION Committee, Promotion and Publicit\' 108 Committee, Reception 109 Committee, Reception and Escort ION Committee, Transportation and Baggage ION Committee, Triennial Conclave of the Grand Encampment llfl Committee, Woman's Auxiliary 110 Concert, Sacred Band, in Grant Park 241 Conclave, Eighteenth, of the Grand Encampment O'.l Conclave, Eighth, of the General Grand Encampment 4N Conclave, Eleventh, of the General fjrand Encampment 52 Conclave, Fifteenth, of the Grand Encampment 60 Conclave, Fifth, of the General Grand Encampment 47 Conclave, First General 42-43 Conclave, Fourteenth, of the Grand Encampment 64-6o Conclave, Fourth, of the General Grand Encampment 47 Conclave, Nineteenth, of the Grand Encampment 71 Conclave, Ninth, of the General Grand Encampment 48-49 Conclave, Second, of the General Grand Encampment 45 Conclave, Seventeenth, of the Grand Encampment ON Conclave, Seventh, of the General Grand Encampment 48 Conclave, Septennial, 45; Triennial 45 Conclave, Sixteenth, of the Grand Encampment 67 Conclave, Sixth, of the (jeneral Grand Encampment 47-48 Conclave, Tenth, of the General Grand Encampment 50 Conclave, Third, of the General Grand Encampment 46 Conclave, Thirteenth, of the General Grand Encampment 55—56-57 Conclave, Twelfth, of the Cieneral Grand Encampment 53 Conclave, Twentieth, of the Grand Encampment 72 Conclave, Twenty-eighth, of the Grand Encampment 86 Conclave, Twent>-fifth, of the Grand Encampment SI Conclave, Twenty-first, of the Grand Encampment 73 Conclave, Twenty-fourth, of the Grand Encampment 79 Conclave, Twenty-ninth, of the Grand Encampment 88 Conclave, Twenty-second, of the Grand Encampment 75-76 Conclave, Twenty-seventh, of the Grand Encampment S4 Conclave, Twenty-sixth, of the Grand Encampment 83 Conclave, Twent\-third, of the Grand Encampment 77 Conclaves 269 Concordat 94, 255, 256 Concordat with Europe 48 Connecticut Templars, Arrival of 206 Connection of Masonry with Templardoni 2.5-26-27 Constitution 53 Constitution, First 4.3-44 Constitution, Revision of 48, 5.5-56-57, 84, 202-26.3-264 Contingent Funds 270 Conventions at Chicago 121 300 HISTORY OF TEMPLx\RISM PAGE L"(.>mpLTiti\ e Drill 225 C-'ouncil (if X'ienne 24 Oanc, Miss Aileun 244 ('nine, R. N'ewton 202 Creed, Apostles' 1,S,5 Crusades 15, 32, 184 Cullom, Shelby M 74 Cyprus 22 D Dakota, N(irth SI Dakota iSouth Dakota) Til Damiette 21 D'Aumout, Peter 2,S, 30 Davidson. George, of Wisconsin 220 Davis, William 33 Day, Edwin C 113 Dead, Notable Templar, li)(17-1910 Kid Dean, Benjamin 77 Death of Henry L. Palmer {:•,' Death of Hugh McCurdy 14!( Death of John Corson Smith 177 Death of John P. S. Cobin 1()2 Death of M. E. C. M. Sir Henry Warren Rugg 135 Death of Reuben Hcdle\- Lloyd 153 Death of R. E, Withers 146 Death of W. Frank Pierce 172 Decisions, Code of 59 Decisions, Digest of 59 Decorations, Street Ii9 Degree, Ro>-al and Select i\Iaster 5.S Deneen, (lovernor of Illinois 220 Deneen, Speech of Cio\'ernor 222 Den\-er, Col 81 Deput\- Cirand Master, Duties of 2(i{i Detroit Commander},', Xo. 1. 09 DeWitt Clinton 40-41-42. 45 Digest ot Decisions 59 Diploma. Baltimore, Md., 1872 35 Diploma, South Carolina, 1783 35 Discipline 61 Discipline, Templar 75 Display, Electric 241 District of Columbia 47, 86 l)i\ine Service Committee 106 Division, Eight, of Parade 214 Division, Eleventh, of Parade 216 Di\ ision. Fifteenth, of Parade 21S Di\ision, Fifth, of Parade 212 Division, First, of Parade 212 Division, Fourteenth, ol Parade 216 Division, Fourth, of Parade 212 Division, Ninth, of Parade 216 Division, Second, of Parade 212 Division, Seventh, of Parade 214 1 li\-ision. Sixteenth, of Parade 21S TOPICAL INDEX 301 I'AC.E Divisiijii, Sixth, of Parade ; 212 l)i\-isi()n, Tenth, of Parade 21f) Di\-ision, Third, of Parade 212 Division, Thirteenth, of Parade 216 Division, Twelfth, of Parade 216 Doggctt, H. E. L 105 Dome of the Rock 17 Drill, Competitive 22.5 Dress, Templar 61 Dudley, Edgar S 212 Durbin, Winfield J 214 Duties of Deput>' ('.rand Master 2()6 Duties of (">rand ('aptain-( ■encral 266 Duties of Crand (ieneralissimo 266 Duties of (jrand Master 264 E)uties of Grand Recorder 267 Duties of ( iranti Trt-asurer 266 E Pearly Temjiilar Parades in I niterl States 36 Earthquake, San p'rancisco 91 Ebcrhard, A. O., ('io\'ernor of Minnes(jta 206 Eckhard, Colonel Bernard () 220 Edinburgh 27 Edward II 27 Eighteenth Concla\'e of the (iranrl Encampment 69 Eighth Conclave of the Ceneral Crand Encampment 48 Election of Officers 268 Electors 2(i8 Electric Display. . 241 Eleventh Concla\'e of the (.ieneral (_Trand Encampment .32 Encampment, Apollo, Chicago .50 Encampment, First in United States 3.5 Encampments, (jrand and Stdxirdinate, 1847 .50-51 End of Mc' Llo>(l 1 5G Eulog\' of Robert V.. Withers 1 48 Eulogy of Sir Henry Warren Rugg 144 Eulogy of W. Frank Pierce 176 F2uropc, Concordat with 48 Euston, Official Reception of Earl of 263 Fusion's, the Earl of. Reception 244 Euston, The Rt. Hon., The Earl of ' 86, 88, 93, 202, 211 Executive C cimmittee 99, 105 302 HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM PAGE Executive Committee, Constitution and Rules of 100 Exliibition Drill Committee 106 Exposition, Centennial, at Philadelphia 71-72 Expulsion of C.rand Master 48-49 F Fellows, John (,). A 58, 70 Ferguson, John 202 Field Museum 129 Fifteenth Conclave of the Crand Encampment 66 Fifth Conclave of the General Crand Encampment 47 Finance Committee 106 Finances of Crand Encampment 264 First Constitution 4.3-44 First Encampments in United States .35 First ( "leneral Conclave 42-43 First State Grand Encampment 36-37 Fireworks 242 Flanders, Dana J 113 Florida Templars, Arrival of 205 Focll, Charles M ., Alderman 218 Foreign Relations 58-59, 253 Foreign Relations Committee 106 Foreman, Milton J., Alderman 218 Fourteenth Conclave ot the Grand Encampment 64-65 Fourth Conclave of the ( ieneral (jrand Encampment 47 Fowle, Henry 39-40-41 Eraser, Thomas 202 "Freemason, The Missouri" 125 Freemasonry, Connection of with Tcmplardom 2.5-26-27 "Freemason's Monitor, The" 38 French, Benjamin Brown 53, 66, 68 Froude 25 Fulk of Anjou 17 Fund, Permanent 269 Funds, Contingent 270 G Galatians VI;14 188 Gardner, William Sewall 68, 69 Gavel, Presentation of 253 Gaynor, Mayor of New York 220 Gaza, Battle of 21 General (irand Encampment 60 • George Washington 36 Georgia 47, 66 Georgia Templars, Arrival of 205 Gerow, John A 93 Gerow, Report of Grand Recorder J. A 255 Gilman 53, 58, 59 Girard de Bideford or Riderfort 21 Gobin, John Peter Shindel 81, 145, 162 Godfrey, Bisol 16 (Godfrey of St. Omer 16 Golden Gate Commandery of California 211 (lould 54 TOPICAL INDEX 303 PAGE Gourdin, T. S 58, 59 (iowcn, Captain James B 227 Grand Captain General, Duties of 260 Grand Commanderies 271 Grand Commandery of Illinois 200 Grand Encampment, Finances of 264 Grand Encampment, Jurisdiction of 263 Grand Encampment, Members of 262 Grand Encampment, Name of 262 Grand Encampment, Powers and Duties of 26.3 Grand Generalissimo, Duties of 266 Grand Master, Duties of 264 Grand Masters, Past 145 Grand Recorder, Duties of 267 Grand Stand, Chicago, 1910 123 Grand Stands 208 Grand Treasurer, Duties of 266 Guilds 25-32 Gundemar 17 Grand Commanderies 60 Grand Encampment, Beginnings of 40-41-42 Grand Encampment, Incorporation of 90 Grand Encampment of New York 40 Grand Encampment of Rhode Island, etc 40 Grand Master, Authority of 61 Grand Master, Expulsion of 48-49 Grand Master's Report 58, 90, 93 Grand Stand Committee 107 (Erecting, Christmas 77, 81, 90 H Hall, Edwin C 93 Hall, Orchestra 181 Halls and Pavilions Committee 107 Hammett, Grand Master of Massachusetts and Rhode Island 52 Hanselmann Commandery, No. 16, Cincinnati 225, 232, 240 Harrison, Carter H., Sr 74 Harrison, President 79 Hartford, Conn ,57 Har\ey, George L 214 Haynes, Everett L 101 Healey, Captain John J 200 Health and Sanitation Committee 107 Henry, Charles F 212 Henry Fowle .39-40-41 . 4.5-46 Henry of Saxony 19 Herrmann de Perigord 21 Highlanders, Scotch 212 Hillard 65 Historians, Masonic 25-26-27 History, Templar 59, 66, 83, 86 Holy Land 1.5-22, 31 Homer, H. J 202 Honolulu Commandery, No. 1 70 Hooley, George T 216 304 HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM I'AC.li Hopkins, J. H 72. ,si Horse and Horse Equipment Committee 107 Hospitalers, Order of Kniijhts 28 Hotel Committee 107 Hubbard, William Blackstone. 49, .51, .52-.").3-o4, .55, 62, (U-6.5, (iS, S3 Hughan 27, 30 Hughes, Governor, of New \'ork 93 Hugh of Champagne 17 Hugh of Payens l(i, 17 Hund, Baron \'on 32 Hunt, Nicholas 21S Hurlbut, Vincent Lombard 74, 90 I Idaho - 90 Illinois 49, 50, 57, 64 Illinois, Banquet ot Crand Commandery of 246 Illinois Grand Commandery Arch, Chicago, 1910 123 Illinois, Grand Commandery of 123, 200 Incorporation of Grand Encampment 90 Indiana 53, 5(>-57 Indiana Templars, Arri\al of 205 Indian Territory ,S6 Ingham, Captain E. R 227 Inquisition 22 Installment of Grand Masters ,52 Institute, Art 131 Invitation to Chicago 94-95, 97 Iowa 57, 67 Ireland 256 Italy 2S Ivanhoe Commandery, N(j. 33, Kankakee, 111 225 I\anohe Commandery, No. 24, Milwaukee, Wis 225, 232 J Jackson, Andrew 47 Jacques de Molai IN, 23, 24, 2(i, 27, 2S, 30, 59 James M. Allen 4,S-49 Jerusalem 15, l(i, 17, 19 Joliet Commandery, No. 4, Joliet, 111 225, 240 Jonathan Nye 47 Jcjurnal, Chicago Evening 50, 65 Jumper, Samuel H 216 Jurisdiction of Grand Encampment 2()3 K Kansas 67, 6N, 69 Kenosha Commandery, N(j. 30, Kenosha, Wis 225, 232 Kentucky 47 Kentucky Templars, Arri\-al of 205 Kessler, William II 214 King, Charles 212 Knapp, A. P 93 Knight Templar, Modern, Beginnings of 33-34-35 Knights of Malta 25 TOPICAL INDEX 305 L 1'A(;e Ladies' Entertainment 242 Larmcnius, Charter of 2(), 27, 28, 30 Leathers, John H 212 Lexingtun, Ky. (Twelfth ('onela\'e) 5.3 Lineoln Park Commandery, No. (j4, Chieago 225 Lines, H. Wales 04 Lines, H. Wales, Re])ort of 255 Lloyd, Reuben Hedley .Sd, 145, 153 Loomis Building, Chicago 50 "Loop District" Decorations, Chicago, DIG 125 Louis Vn 21 Louisiana 4.S, 07 Louisiana Templars, Arri\"al of 205 Louisville, Ky .SO Lowntles, Thomas 41-42-43 M A4ac Adam, The Re\'. ( George 11 LS.S Mac Arthur, Arthur 211 Mackey 27, 30, 54, 5S, 59, (i5 Macpherson, Ernes( 212 Mail Service, United States lO.S Maine 51 Malta, Knights of 25 Masonic Buildings, Chicago, 10]0 131 Masonic Historians 25-2(3-27 Masonry, Connection of with Templardom 2.5-2(5-27 Masonry, Religif)us Force of LS2 Mass. Templars, .\rri\'al of 202 Maryland 47, 69 McAllister, (;eo. 1 113 McCurdy, Hugh 81, 83, 145, 148 McCurth', Robert 07 McFatrich, James B 101 Medieval Order, End of 23, 24 Mediaeval Order, Organization of 18, 19 MediEeval Order, Origin of 16.17 Mediaeval Order, Record of 20, 21 Medieval Order, Rules of 17 Medieval Order, Wealth of 17, 18 Mclish, Address of Acting ( '.rand Master 253 Melish, M. E. D. C,. 1\I. William B 135, 211 Melish, Mrs. William B 200 Melish, Speech of Acting (^rand Master 222 Melish, William B 113, 199 Melish, William B., Address .,f 24(i Members of (irand Encampment 202 Memphis, Tenn 06 Mexico Cit\', Commandery, .\o. 1 91 Michigan 53, 57, 04 Michigan Templars, .\rrival of 205 Minnesota 07, ()8 Minnesota Templars, .Arriwal of 20(i Mississippi 57, 04 Mississippi Valley 49 3o6 HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM PAGE Missouri 50, 64, (jO Missouri Templars, Arrival of 207 Molai, Jacques de 59 "Monitor, The Freemason's" 38 Montana 79 Montbarry, Andrew of IG Montdidier, Payens of 16 Moore 53 Moore, VV. J. B. MacLeod 25-26-27, 31 Morgan Nelson 58 Morris, Robert 58, 59, 60 Mosque of Omar 17 Moulton, George M 81, 90, 91. 145, 225 Mt. Olivet Commandery, No. 12, Wichita, Kan 225, 232 Mullancy, Bernard J., Commissioner of Public Works 218 Museum, Field 129 Music Committee 107 Music, Sacred 181 Musser, Boyd 212 Mutuals 242-243 Molai, Jacques de IS, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30 N Nagle, Frank L 212 Name of Grand Encampment 262 Naples 27 National Organization, 1816 41-42-43 Nebraska 67, 70 Nebraska Templars, Arrival of 207 Nelson, Morgan 58, 59, 62 Newburyport, Mass., Encampment 36 New Hampshire 47 New Haven, Conn 48 New Jersey 66 New Mexico 86 New Orleans, La 41, 71 Newspapers, Chicago 1 25 New York City 66, 48 New York, Grand Encamfiment of 40 New York Templars, Arrival of 205 Nineteenth Conclave of the Grand Encampment 71 Ninth ConcUn'c of the Creneral Grand Encam|)ment 48 — 19 Nome, Alaska 90 Non-application ,S4 North Carolina 47, 53, 75 North Dakota SI Notable Templar Dead, 1007-1910 166 Nye, Jonathan 47, 63 O ( )ak, Charter 52 Ode de St. Amand 21 Officers, Election of 268 Official Badge Chicago, 1910 125 Official Badge Committee 107 Official Programme 113 TOPICAL INDEX 307 Ohio Templars, Arri\'al of 202 Oklahoma Territory 80 Omar, Mosque of 17 Orchestra Hall 181 Order of Christ 28, 31 Order of Knights Hospitalers 28 Order of St. John of Jerusalem 25 Order, Rules of 270 Oregon 7!) Organization, National, 181G 41-42-4o Oriental Commandery, No. .35, Kansas City, Mo 225, 232, 240 Origin of Mediaeval Order 16-17 Ovcrshine, Charles E 210 P Palestine 15-22, 31 Palmer, Henry L 68, 145, 157 Paneas, Battle of 21 Parade 208 Parade Committee 108 Parades 67, 08, 69, 71, 72, 74 Parades, Early Templar in United States 30 Parks, Amusement, Chicago, 1910 131 Parks, Chicago, 1910 129 Paris, France 23, 24, 27, 28 Parvin 30, 58, 59, 72 Past Grand Masters 145 Payens, Hugh of 10, 17 Payens of Montdidier 16 Pennsylvania 53, 56 Pennsylvania, Early Knights Templar>' of 36-37 Pennsylvania Templars, Arrival of 200 Peoria Commandery, No. 3 57 Preigord, Herrmann de 21 Permanent Fund 269 Perry, Rt. Rev. Sir William Stevens, Bishop of Iowa 26-27, 31 Peter D'Aumont 28, 30 Peter's, St., Encampment, jNew York 36 Philadelphia, Tun Tavern 36 Philip IV 17, 23, 27 Pierce, W. Frank 172, 21 1 Pike, Albert 65 Pittsburgh, Pa 84 Police Committee 108 Police Department, Chicago, 1910 127 Portugal 28, 31 Powers and Duties of ("irand Encampment 263 Presentation of Gavel 253 Programme, Official 114 Promotion and Publicity Committee 108 Providence, R. 1 30-37-38 Purinton, Holman G 113, 231 R Ramsai,', Chevalier de 32 Raper Commandery, No. 1, Indianapolis 205, 225, 232, 240 3o8 HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM I'Aiii': Rathbun, Acurs W 105 Recapitulation 2S6 Reception and Escort Committee 108 Reception Committee 199 Reception of the Rt. Hon., the Earl of Euston 202 Reception, the Earl of Euston's 244 Receptions of Commancleries, etc 242-243-244 Recorder, Duties of Grand 267 Record of Mediteval Order 20, 21 Redmond, Andrew J 105 Reese, William G 48, 49, 51 Rules of Medijeval Order 17 Relations, Foreign 58-59 Religion 182 Religion and Templarism 183 Religious Service 181 Report, Annual, of Grand Master 90-91 Report of Committee on Foreign Relations 260 Report of Cirand Recorder J. A. C>erow 255 Report, (irand Master's 58 Report of Grand Treasurer H. Wales Lines 255 Report of M, E. D. M, William B. Melish 135 Report on Foreign Relations 253 Reports, Annual, of Grand Master 93 Reports of Grand Master 52 Resources, Templar 94 Reverence and Templarism 183 Reviewing Stand 211, 218 Revision of Constitution 48, 55-56-57, 84 Revision of Constitution, Committee on 53 Riderfort, Girard de 21 Right of Appeal 270 Rising Sun Encampment, New 'S'ork 36 Rite, American 39 Ritual 53, 58, 61, 66, 67, 75, 77, 78, 81, 94, 182 Roliert Morris 58 Robertson, Henry 244 Robie, (George T 101 Rock, Dome of the 17 Rodenberg, Cimgressman 220 Roome, Charles 77, 79 Roral 16 Roster of Encamiiments, 1847 50-51 Ro>'al and Select Master Degree 58 Rugg, Deceased, Address of Sir Henry Warren 255 Rugg, The Rev. Sir Flenry Warren 93, 135, 200 Rules of Order 270 S Sacred Music 181 Safed 21, 22 St. Amand, Archibald of 16 St. Amand, Ode de 21 St. Bernard of Clairvaux 17 St. John of Jerusalem, Orders of 25 St. Louis, Mo 68, 77 TOPICAL INDEX 309 PAGE St. Omur, (Godfrey i^l" 10 Saladin 21 San Francisco 75, SS San Francisco Earth<|uakc 91 Saratoga Springs, X. \' !)()-91-92 Saxony, Henry of 19 Scotch Templars 28, 30 Schaefcr, Henry 212 Schaertzcr, Henry t" 216 Schoch, Albert F 94, 97 Scores in Competition Drill 22.5 Scotland 256 Seaman, Horace M 212 Second (."oncla\'e ot the General C.rand Encampment 45 Second St. Louis Conclave, 1,886 78 Septennial Concia\'es 45, 46 Sermon of Rc\'. Mac Adam 188 Service, Religious 181 Seventeenth Conclave of the General Grand Encampment 68 Seventh Conclave of the General Grand Encampment 48 Sherwin, James P 101 Sheylock, Thomas J 216 Shuey, Alfred M 216 Signatures of Concordat 259 Simons 58 Sixteenth Conclave of the < iranfl Encampment 07 Sixth Conclave of the (general Grand Encampment 47-48 Smith, ( ".eneral John Corson 81, 86. 94, 177, 242-243 Smith, James R 216 Smith, Sir William SldncA' 28, 30 Snow, John 40, 45-46 Soule, E. Olin 216 South Carolina 47, 91 Speech of Acting (irand Master Melish 222 Speech of Welcome, ( Governor Deneen's 222 Speech of Welcome, John D. Cleveland's 222 Speech of Welcome, .Ma>-or Busse's 220 Stands, Reviewing 211, 218 Stands, Grand 208 Stapleton, Joseph K 48 State Grand Encampment, First 36-37 State Grand Encampments 60 States, United 256 Statutes, Code of 59, 72 Stevens, Thomas A 97 Steward, LeRo\- T 127 Stillwell, Homer A 101 Stockholm 27 Stoddard, Henry Bates 88, 145, 205 Street Decorations 09 Subordinate Encam|)mcnts 60 Summary 284-285 Sunda>', August 7th 181 Sunday, Observance of 81 Swain, William D 216 Svnod of Tro\'es 17 3IO HISTORY OF TEMPLARISM T PAGE Templar Dead, Notable, 1907-1910 166 Templar Discipline 75 Templar History 59, 66, 83-84, 86 Templarism and Church '. 186 Templarism and Religion 183 Templarism and Reverence 183 Templarism, Christian 183 Templar Uniform 65-60, 67, 71 "Templar Way," Chicago, 1910 123 Tennessee 50, 57, 64, 66 Tennessee Templars, Arrival of 206 Tenth Conclave of the General Grand Encampment 50 Tents, Commissary, 232; Dressing, 231 ; hospital 232 Texas 53, 56 Texas, Mexico 47 Texas Templars, Arrival of 205 Thayer, Colonel E. P 214 "The Missouri Freemason" 125 Thirteenth Conclave of the General Grand Encampment 55-56 Third Conclave of the General Grand Encampment 46 Thomas Smith Webb 33, 36-37-38-39-40, 45 Thomas, Warren La Rue 84, 145 Titles 269 Transportation and Baggage Committee 108 Treasurer, Duties of Grand 266 Treat, Charles W 121 Tresidder, John B 93 Tresidder, J. K 235 Triennial Conclaves 45, 46 Triennial Conclave Committee of the Grand Encampment 110 Trinity Commandery of Cincinnati 211 Tripoli, Retreat to 20 Troyes, Synod of 17 Tucker 58, 59 Tun Tavern, Philadelphia 36 Turks 15 Twelfth Conclave of the General (irand Encampment 53 Twentieth Conclave of the Grand Encampment 72 Twenty-eighth Conclave of the Grand Encampment 86 Twenty-fifth Conclave of the Grand Encampment 81 Twenty-first Conclave of the Grand Encampment 73 Twenty-fourth Conclave of the Grand Encampment 79 Twenty-ninth Conclave of the Grand Encampment 88 Twenty-second Conclave of the Grand Encampment 7.5-76 Twenty-seventh Conclave of the Grand Encampment 84 Twenty-sixth Conclave of the Grand Encampment 83 Twenty-third Conclave of the Grand Encampment 77 U Uniform, Templar 65-66 Uniform, Templar 67, 71, 78 United States 256 "United States Grand Encampment" 40 United States Mail Service 108 University of Chicago 129 TOPICAL INDEX 311 V PAGE Vermont 47, 53 V'ienne, Council of 24 Virginia 47, 53, 57, 70 W War, Civil (>(i-67-6S Wasliington, D. C 47, 79 Washington, George 3(i Washington, State of 79 Wealth of iVIediasval Order 17, 18 Webb. Thomas Smith 33, 36-37-3S-39-40, 45, (i3, (38, 83 Welcome, Governor Deneen's Speech of 222 Welcome, John D. Cleveland's Speech of 222 Welcome, Mayor Busse's Speech of 220 West 202 Westmacott 31 West, The 48-49-50 West Virginia 70 Wheeler, Harris A 105 Whigham, Wallace M 212 Whyte. Will H 235 Wilk, Fred L 101 William Blackstone Hubbard 49, 51-52-53-54-55, 58, 62, 04-65, 68 William de Beaujen 22 William G. Reese 48. 49, 51 Wilson, Benjamin S 199 Wisconsin 53, 57, 64, 66 Withers, R. E 145, 146 Woman's Auxiliary Committee 110 Worthington, Ohio, Encampment 45 Wren, Sir Christopher 31 Wyoming 79 Y ^'oung, Captain James S 227 PRESS OF HE KEHM, FIETSCH Et MILLER CO. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS ■J •v<