Cornell University Library 
 HD 4975.H3 
 
 Wages and the war; a summary of recent wa 
 
 3 1924 000 447 445 
 
 
 SCHOOL BF 
 
 INOOSTRIAL & 
 
 UBOB BELATIOHS 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NEW YORK STATE SCHOOL 
 
 OF 
 
 INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR 
 
 RELATIONS 
 
 AT 
 CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000447445 
 
WAGES AND THE WAR 
 
 A SUMMARY OF 
 RECENT WAGE MOVEMENTS 
 
 HUGH S. HANNA 
 
 AND 
 W. JETT LAUCK 
 
 CLEVELAND, OHIO 
 
 THE DOYLE & WALTZ PRINTING COMPANY 
 
 1918 
 
 *', 
 
COPYRIGHT 1918 
 
 W. JETT LAUCK 
 
 AND 
 HUGH S. HANNA 
 
 FIRST EDITION, JAN. 1918 
 
Chapter 
 
 1. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 2. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 3. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 4. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 5. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 6. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 7. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 8. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 9. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 10. 
 
 Chapter 
 
 11. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 PART I. SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS OF RECENT WAGE MOVEMENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Summary of Study 1 
 
 Navy Yards, Ship Yards and Metal Trades 17 
 
 Iron and Steel Industry 28 
 
 Coal Mining 29 
 
 The Building Trades 35 
 
 Printing Trades and Paper Makers 49 
 
 Union Wages in Massachusetts 59 
 
 Rates of Pay of Street Railway Employes 61 
 
 Wage Rates of Longshoremen at the Port of New York 65 
 
 Trend of Earnings in Various Manufacturing Industries 66 
 
 Trend of Earnings in New York and Massachusetts 70 
 
 PART n. DOCUMENTARY AND OTHER AUTHORITATIVE DATA 
 REGARDING WAGES AND EARNINGS OF LABOR. 
 
 Chapter 1. Rates of Pay in Navy Yards 75 
 
 Chapter 2. Ship Yard Workers Ill 
 
 Chapter 3. Union Rates of Pay in the Metal Trades 119 
 
 Chapter 4. Wages in the Iron and Steel Industry 137 
 
 Chapter 5. Wage Rate Increases in the Anthracite Coal Industry 139 
 
 Chapter 6. Wage Rates in the Bituminous Coal Mining Industry 151 
 
 Chapter 7. Union Rates of Pay in the Building Trades of Large Cities 159 
 
 Chapter 8. Wage Rates of Hod Carriers, Building and Common Laborers. . . 215 
 
 Chapter 9. Union Rates of Pay of Compositors and Linotype Operators 223 
 
 Chapter 10. Union Rates of Pay of Electrotypers and Stereotypers 257 
 
 Chapter 11. Union Wage Rates of Paper Makers 275 
 
 Chapter 12. Union Wage Rates and Hours of Labor in the Cities and Towns of 
 
 of Massachusetts 279 
 
 Chapter 13. Wages of Street Railway Employes 319 
 
 Chapter 14. Wage Rates of Longshoremen at the Port of New York 339 
 
 Chapter 15. Wage Rates in the'Glass Bottle Blowing Industry 341 
 
 Chapter 16. Trend of Earnings in Various Manufacturing Industries in the 
 
 United States 347 
 
 Chapter 17. Average Weekly Earnings in Manufacturing Industries in New 
 
 York State 353 
 
 Chapter 18. Average Weekly Earnings of injured persons in Massachusetts. . . 355 
 
 27768 
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 
 
 This study was made possible only through the 
 co-operation of various governmental departments, 
 union officials and private individuals in furnishing 
 the basic data. Particular acknowledgment is made 
 to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and 
 to the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics for giving 
 access to their records. Much valuable information 
 was also obtained from the Massachusetts Industrial 
 Accident Board and the New York Bureau of Sta- 
 tistics and Information. In the carrying on of the 
 neces ary field work and in the compilation of the 
 results obtained, the assistance of Mr. Carl Hookstadt 
 is gratefully acknowledged. In the laborious work of 
 summarization and proofreading, invaluable aid has 
 been rendered by Miss Hannah Dorrittee, Mr. Rex 
 Lauck and Mr. Philip L. Jones. 
 
PART I. 
 
 SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS OF RECENT 
 WAGE MOVEMENTS. 
 
WAGES AND THE WAR. 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 SUMMARY OF THE STUDY. 
 
 The scope of this wage study has been confined to official and other 
 authoritative sources of information. It is based primarily upon the 
 records and pubHcations of the various federal and state departments 
 which are concerned with the collection of wage data. Supplementary 
 use was made of trade and labor publications, but no information has 
 been included from sources which did not seem entirely trustworthy. 
 The use of data has been strictly restricted to these limits. As a conse- 
 quence, some information which would have a passing interest has been 
 omitted, such as sporadic, local and unusual cases of wage-increases 
 so frequently reported in the daily and other press at this time. While 
 such instances might have a temporary value, it has been felt that it 
 would not only be undesirable to publish unverified information of this 
 character, but that it is general wage tendencies and not scattered and 
 unrepresentative instances which are of real significance. 
 
 The object has been to show the general trend in rates of compensation 
 to the close of 1917. A special effort, therefore, has been made to bring 
 the data published by the federal, state and other agencies up to date. 
 This involved much correspondence and the sending of agents to original 
 sources in the field — to labor unions, industrial establishments, and state 
 and municipal agencies — in order to secure current information. As a 
 general rule, all the basic data used have been brought up to the last 
 month or quarter of 1917, and, in some cases-, 1918 data have been 
 obtained. 
 
 The information secured, and here presented, while by no means cover- 
 ing all of the varied lines of employment in the country, is believed to be 
 sufficiently comprehensive to be representative of wage conditions and 
 wage changes among American wage earners. 
 
 The wage data presented are usually in the form of hourly, daily or 
 piece rates of pay. In some instances, however, it was necessary to use 
 weekly or payroll earnings as a guide to wage trend, and in most of the 
 organized trades, the union scales of wages have been employed as 
 indicative of the actual wage-rates received. 
 
 1 
 
^ SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
 UNION RATES OF PAY. 
 
 The union rates of pay used are the so-called minimum rates. As a 
 matter of experience, however, these minimum rates are usually the pre- 
 vailing rates. The practice followed in this connection has been that of 
 the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, which is clearly set forth 
 in the following quotation from its last (1916) report on union rates of 
 pay.' 
 
 "The union scale, as the term is here used, is a statement, either 
 written or definitely understood, of wages and hours of labor agreed to 
 or accepted by an organization of union men and an employer or group 
 of employers, under which agreement, express or implied, union men 
 actually are working. The union scale usually fixes the limit in only 
 one direction. It sets a minimum wage and a maximum of hours for a 
 regular day's work. This report shows such minimum wage and maxi- 
 mum hours as are established by the agreed scale. In certain cities and 
 trades, however, some workmen, and, in some few instances, all or nearly 
 all workmen, actually are paid more than the scale, and, in some in- 
 stances, employes work less than the scale hours. This report does not 
 include information as to the amount received above the scale by work- 
 men in any trade or locality, owing to the amount of work that would 
 be required to collect such information. As a general rule the union 
 scale represents the prevailing wage of a locality for efficient labor. 
 
 "A compilation of data gathered as to the estimated number of members 
 receiving the scale and more or less than the scale in 1916 has been 
 r-ade for two trades — machinists and newspaper compositors. The 
 figures follow: 
 
 Machinists: 
 
 Manufacturing and jobbing sliops — Per cent. 
 
 Receiving tiie scale 71,2 
 
 Receiving more tlian the scale [ 28!2 
 
 Receiving less than the scale ', 0^6 
 
 Railroad shops — 
 
 Receiving the scale 89 . S 
 
 Receiving more than the scale ,\[\ 10^3 
 
 Receiving less than the scale '.'.'..'. o!2 
 
 Compositors, newspaper: 
 
 Receiving the scale 89 . 6 
 
 Receiving more than the scale 10.4 
 
 1 Union Scale of Wages and Hours of Labor, May 15, 1916, Bulletin No. 214 ITnited States Bureau of 
 Labor .Statistics, pages 10 and 11. 
 
SUMMARY OF STUDY. 3 
 
 PREPARATION OF DATA SECURED. 
 
 In the preparation of the volume, two main divisions have been made. 
 Part II consists of the basic material collected. Part I comprises de- 
 rivative, analytical matter from Part II. The two parts are closely 
 related by chapters and topics. If the reader of Part I wishes to enter 
 more exhaustively into any phase of the subject he will find the detail 
 in Part II. The basic detail in Part II may also be used for more ex- 
 tensive analysis and interpretation. 
 
 THE EFFECT OF THE WAR ON WAGES. 
 
 During the past few years, and more particularly during the period of 
 the war, there has been an increase in money wages in practically all 
 branches of American industry. But there has been absolutely no uni- 
 formity in the degree of increase. In some trades there have been wage 
 advances that a little while ago would have appeared wildly incredible. 
 In others the advances have been very moderate, little, if any greater, 
 than had occurred during a period of equal length in the preceding years 
 of peace. 
 
 The great advances have taken place in those lines of industry for .the 
 products of which the war has created a special demand, such, for in- 
 stance, as those of the iron and steel industry, the metal trades, coal 
 mining and shipbuilding. In some industries, such as printing, the war 
 made no special demands; in stil> others, such as building, the war had 
 a depressing effect. In these cases, wage rates show no great upward 
 movements, although almost everywhere there has been some advance. 
 
 Many individual workers in these trades, of course, profited by trans- 
 ferring themselves to shipbuilding, munitions making, and other dis- 
 tinctly war industries. With some crafts, such a transfer is easy and 
 profitable. Carpenters and steamfitters, for instance, can apply the 
 same skill they have developed in the building trad;s to almost identical 
 work in shipbuilding. But this is not always the case. A printer or a 
 glassblower, for instance, finds no particular demand for his special skill 
 in the war industries. If he changes his job it must usually be to some 
 form of unskilled work where his craft knowledge is of little or no use. 
 Thus, there would be no profit for him in changing to an unskilled labor 
 status, even though the wage rates of such labor have advanced much 
 more rapidly than the wage rates in his own trade. 
 
 It does not appear (hat the wage advances have been related to the 
 matter of labor organization. The three industries in which perhaps the 
 most notable advances have occurred are iron and steel, bituminous 
 mining and shipbuilding. The first of these — iron and steel — is almost 
 wholly unorganized. The second — bituminous coal mining — is strongly 
 unionized. The third — shipbuilding — is partly organized and partly 
 unorganized. 
 
 In general, however, the trades and localities which were poorly 
 organized have shown the greatest percentage increases in wages. This 
 is due simply to the fact that these trades and localities were, as a rule, 
 previously upon a much lower level of wage compensation. Unorganized 
 labor seems more responsive to the immediate demands of the moment 
 
4 SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
 than is organized labor. Its wages have tended to rise more rapidly m 
 periods of business activity and to sink mor rapidly in periods of busi- 
 ness depression. 
 
 THE TREND OF WAGES IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES. 
 
 It is difficult to show in summary form the recent changes in wage 
 rates that have occurred for all of the trades and occupations covered 
 by this study. A very complete idea, however, of the changes which 
 have taken place is offered in the accompanying table and chart. The 
 first part of the table and chart shows the per cent of increase in Decem- 
 ber, 1917, or January, 1918, over the years 1911-1912, in the wages and 
 earnings of a large number of typical occupations and industries. The 
 second part of the chart shows similar percentages of increase for De- 
 cember, 1917, or January, 1918, over the years 1914-1915. Certain 
 trades are included in the second part which could not be included in 
 the first part because data were absent for the 1911-1912 period. 
 
 This chart brings out more clearly than could many pages of text, 
 the differing degrees of change which have occurred in the wages of 
 different trades and occupations. All of the entries are for money rates 
 of pay — per hour, day, or piece — except in the cases marked "earnings." 
 Here the entries show changes in earnings, not rates, and earnings, of 
 course, are not strictly comparable with wage rates, as the former are 
 influenced by the amount of time worked. The influence of this factor 
 is discussed in another chapter.^ 
 
 1 Part II. Chapter 17 
 
SUMMARY OF STUDY. 5 
 
 PART 1.— RELATIVE WAGES IN LEADING OCCUPATIONS, DECEMBER, 1917. OVER 
 
 1911-1912. 
 
 [1911-1912=100.] 
 
 Compositors and linotype operatois (newspapers, day) 
 
 Electrotypers (finishers) 
 
 Hoflcarriers (plaster tending) 
 
 Motormen and conductors (street railways) 
 
 Steamfitters (building trade) 
 
 Structural iron worlcers (building trade) 
 
 Plumbers and gasfitters (building trade) 
 
 Mining (anthracite) 
 
 Sheet-metal workers (building trade) 
 
 Blacksmiths (railroad shops, Southeastern) 
 
 Inside wiremeu (building trade) 
 
 Machinists (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 
 
 Shipsmiths (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 
 
 Machinists (railroad shops. Southeastern) 
 
 Boilermakers (railroad shops, Southeastern) 
 
 Shipfitters (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 
 
 Pick mining, bituminous (Hocking Valley District) 
 
 Pipefitters (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 
 
 Riveters, chippers and caulkers (Ship Yard, Washington, Oregon). 
 Blacksmiths (Ship Yard, San Francisco) 
 
 Machinists (Ship Yard, San Francisco) 
 
 Electricians (Ship Yard, San Francisco) 
 
 Shipwrights, joiners, boatmen, millmen (Ship Yard, San Francisco) 
 
 Longshoremen (New York) 
 
 Sheet- metal workers (Ship Yard, San Francisco) 
 
 Machine mining, bituminous (Hocking Valley District) 
 
 Blast furnace (iron and steel) 
 
 Common labor (iron and steel) 
 
 Inside labor (most occupations), bituminous (Hocking Valley) 
 
 Open hearths (iron and steel) 
 
 1917 over 
 1911-12. 
 
 Ill 
 117 
 117 
 118 
 119 
 
 123 
 
 124 
 124 
 129 
 129 
 
 130 
 131 
 134 
 135 
 136 
 
 140 
 142 
 144 
 144 
 144 
 
 144 
 144 
 147 
 152 
 165 
 
 166 
 
 177 
 180 
 185 
 187 
 
SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
 PART 2.— RELATIVE WAGES IN LEADING OCCUPATIONS, DECEMBER, 1917, OVER 
 
 1914-1915. 
 [1914-191S-100.] 
 
 Compositors and linotype operators (newspapers, day) . 
 
 Electrotypers (finishers) 
 
 Hodcarriers (plaster tending) 
 
 Plumbers and gasfitters (building trade) 
 
 Structural iron workers (building trade) '. 
 
 Steamfitters (building trades) 
 
 Motormen and conductors (street railways) . 
 
 Sheet-metal workers (building trade) 
 
 Mining (anthracite) 
 
 Inside wiremen (building trade) 
 
 Blacksmiths (railroad shops. Southeastern) . . 
 Boilermakers (railroad sliops, Southeastern) . 
 
 Longshoremen (New York) 
 
 Machinists (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 
 
 Machinists (railroad shops. Southeastern) . . 
 
 Pick mining, bituminous (Hocking Valley District) . 
 
 Shipsmiths (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 
 
 Shipfitters (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 
 
 Pipefitters (Navy Yard, Philadelphia) 
 
 New York State, average (weekly earnings) 
 
 Silk industry (earnings) 
 
 Riveters, chippers and caulkers (Ship Yard, Washington, Oregon) . 
 
 Blacksmiths (Ship Yard, San Francisco) 
 
 Machinists (Ship Yard, San Francisco) 
 
 Electricians (Ship Yard, San Francisco) 
 
 Shipwrights, joiners, boatmen, millmen (Ship Yard, San Francisco). 
 
 Machine Mining, bituminous (Hocking Valley District) 
 
 Cotton finishing manufacturing (earnings) 
 
 Hosiery and underwear manufacturing (earnings) 
 
 Common labor (iron and steel) 
 
 Blast furnaces (iron and steel) 
 
 Loftsraen (Ship Yards, Delaware River) 
 
 Electricians (Ship Yards, Delaware River) 
 
 Sheet-metal workers (Ship Yard. San Francisco) 
 
 Cotton manufacturing (earnings) 
 
 Open hearths (iron and steel) 
 
 Sheet-metal workers (Ship Yards, Delaware River) 
 
 Machinists (Ship Yards, Delaware River) 
 
 Woolen manufacturing (earnings) 
 
 Riveters (Ship Yards, Delaware River) 
 
 Inside labor (most occupations), bituminous (Hocking Valley).. 
 
 Boots and shoes industry (earnings) 
 
 Holders on (Ship Yards, Delaware River) 
 
 Blacksmiths (Ship Yards, Delaware River) 
 
 1917 over 
 1914-15. 
 
 106 
 111 
 112 
 113 
 113 
 
 114 
 115 
 116 
 118 
 120 
 
 123 
 124 
 125 
 126 
 129 
 
 130 
 134 
 136 
 137 
 139 
 
 140 
 144 
 144 
 144 
 144 
 
 147 
 149 
 153 
 157 
 160 
 161 
 165 
 165 
 165 
 165 
 167 
 
 167 
 167 
 170 
 175 
 176 
 
 177 
 197 
 205 
 
SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
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10 SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
 The tables and graphs clearly illustrate what has already been said 
 relative to the effect of the industrial pressure of the war upon wages, 
 both before and since the entrance of our country into the conflict. 
 This may be readily seen from a classification of occupations and in- 
 dustries according to relative wage increases. The following group of 
 industrial workers, for example, have now earnings 40 per cent or 
 more greater than in 1911-1912: 
 
 Navy Yards, Philadelphia 
 Shipfitters 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Bituminous Coal Mines, Hocking Valley District 
 Pick miners, bituminous 
 Machine miners, bituminous 
 Inside mine laborers, bituminous 
 
 Ship Yards, San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 Riveters, chippers, and caulkers 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Sheet-metal workers 
 
 Shipwrights, joiners, boatmen and millmen 
 
 Iron and steel workers 
 Blast furnaces 
 Open hearth furnaces- 
 Common aborers 
 
 Longshoremen 
 
 The following classes of wage-earners show advances in compensation 
 of 20 per cent or more, but less than 40 per cent. 
 
 Building trades 
 
 Structural iron workers 
 
 Plumbers and gasfitters 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Inside wiremen 
 Anthracite coal mine workers 
 
 Navy Yards, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Machinists 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 ^Railroad shops, southeastern territory 
 Blacksmiths 
 Machinists 
 Boilermakers 
 
SUMMARY OF STUDY. 11 
 
 In the case of the following' groups of wage-earners, • the advance in 
 their rates of pay since 1911-1912 was less than 20 per cent. 
 
 Compositors and linotype operators (newspapers) 
 
 Electrotypers (finishers) 
 
 Hod carriers (plaster tending) 
 
 Steamfitters (building trades) 
 
 Motormen and conductors (street railways) 
 
 The most pronounced advances in compensation since 1911-1912 
 have therefore been characteristic of workmen engaged in the con- 
 struction, repair of and loading of ships, the mining of coal, and in the 
 production and finishing of iron and steel products. The groups of 
 wage-earners which have received the smallest increases in compensation 
 have been those in certain occupations in he building and printing trades, 
 and those employed to operate street railways. 
 
 The same trend in wage increases is also observable in the period since 
 1914-1915. In addition to the industries already mentioned in the pre- 
 ceding period, the workers in silk, cotton, woolen, and hosiery and under- 
 wear mills, and in boot and shoe factories, are shown to have received 
 an advance in earnings amounting to 40 per cent or more. 
 
12 SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
 HOURS OF LABOR AND PAYMENT FOR OVERTIME. 
 
 Wage changes are not entirely measured by increased hourly or daily 
 rates. Changes in hours of labor and in the systems of overtime pay- 
 ment are also of much significance. 
 
 It is a fundamental policy of trade unionism to fix maximum working 
 hours and to require excess payment, say \}4 ov 2 times the regular rate, 
 for any excess over these hours. The purpose of this is primarily puni- 
 tive — to deter the employer from extending the regular hours of labor. 
 In the unorganized trades excess payment for overtime is rarely made, 
 and thus, in times of business activity, such as the present, there is no 
 particular deterrent upon long hours. 
 
 During the period under review in this study, past movements towards 
 shorter hours continued among the organized trades and was greatly 
 accelerated by the fact that Government contracts called for the 8-hour 
 day. 
 
 In the Government navy yards, of course, the 8-hour day had been in 
 force for many years. In the shipyards the 8-hour day has now become 
 almost universal because of Government contracts and the commandeer- 
 ing by the Government of vessels under construction. In both the 
 navy yards and shipyards time and one-half for ordinary overtime is 
 in effect. 
 
 The coal mining industry is now, generally, on an 8-hour day basis. 
 This has been the rule in the organized bituminous fields for a number 
 of years. In the anthracite fields, time workers were employed on a 
 nominal 10-hour basis prior to the award of the 1903 Coal Strike Com- 
 mission, which reduced the working day to 9 hours. This remained in 
 force until 1916, when by the agreement of that year, the basic 8-hour 
 day was extended to all time workers, with few exceptions. 
 
 The organized building trades have continued their progress toward 
 a 44-hour week — i.'e., 5 full 8-hour days and a half day Saturday — with 
 a few trades, notably, the plasterers, tending toward a 5-hour day. The 
 general movement is clearly brought out in the following statement: 
 
 There are a total of 248 local unions representing 11 building trades 
 listed in Part II of this study. Of these 248 locals, 120 had a maximum 
 of 48 hours per week or more in 1911 as against only 39 in 1917, who had 
 a week as long as 48 hours. Again, in 1911 there were only 116 of the 
 248 locals with a maximum week of 44 hours or less as against 205 in 
 1917 on a basis of 44 hours or less per week. 
 
 The following extracts from the Monthly Review of the United States 
 , Bureau of Labor Statistics for October, 1915, and February, 1916, 
 indicate the progress made toward the 8-hour day in the machine trades 
 during the period immediately before the entrance of the United States 
 into the war. Subsequent to this country's entrance into the war, in 
 the spring of 1917, this movement has been accelerated because of the 
 huge Government contracts with their 8-hour provisions. 
 
SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
 13 
 
 MOVEMENT FOR REDUCTION OF HOURS OF LABOR IN THE 
 MACHINE TRADES. 
 
 (United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
 
 October, 1915.) 
 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 A movement for the reduction of hours of labor, notable for its rapid 
 progress, is that which has taken place in the machine trades within the 
 last few months. It has chiefly affected the firms having contracts for the 
 making of war munitions, though not exclusively restricted to such 
 establishments. The demands for reduced hours have usually come 
 from the machinists, although other occupations have joined, and in most 
 establishments all employes have received the benefits which have 
 been granted to the machinists. Reduced hours of labor have in all 
 cases been effected with no reduction in weekly wage and in many cases 
 with increased wages. 
 
 A partial list of the firms which have established the 8-hour day within 
 the past two months has been furnished the bureau by the International 
 Association of Machinists. The following firms have established an 
 8-hour day, these in most cases involving a reduction of 7 hours in the 
 working week. These changes, it should be stated, were made without 
 a strike except in five firms. 
 
 Ansonia, Conn: 
 
 0. K. Tool Holder Co. 
 Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 American-British Manufacturing 
 
 Co. 
 
 Batcheller Corset Co. 
 
 Bridgeport Body Co. 
 
 Bridgeport Brass Co. 
 
 Bridgeport Metal Goods Co. 
 
 Bryant Electric Co. 
 
 Bullard Machine Co. 
 
 Burns & Bassick Co. 
 
 Crawford Laundry. 
 
 Electric Cable Co. 
 
 Grant Manufacturing Co. 
 
 Harris Engineering Co. 
 
 Harvey Hubble Co. 
 
 Hawthorne Co. 
 
 International Silver Co. 
 
 Locomobile Company of America. 
 
 Remington Arms Co. 
 
 Remington Union Metallic Car- 
 tridge Co. 
 
 Sprague Motor Co. 
 
 Standard Manufacturing Co. 
 
 Warner Corset Co. 
 
 Wolverine Motor Co. 
 
 Chicago, 111.: 
 
 Automatic Electric Co. 
 Plainfield, N. J.: 
 
 Bosch Magneto Co. 
 
 Pond Machine Tool Co. 
 
 Potter Press Co. 
 
 Sauer Motor Truck Co. 
 
 Scott Printing Press Co. 
 
 Vitaphone Co. 
 
 Hall Printing Press Co. 
 Raleigh, N. C: 
 
 Raleigh Iron Works. 
 Springfield, Mass.: 
 
 Bosch Magneto Co. 
 
 Westinghouse Co. 
 Taunton, Mass.: 
 
 Call & Carr Co. 
 
 Mason Machine Co. 
 
 Miehle Printing Press Co. 
 Toledo, Ohio: 
 
 Bunting Brass & Bronze Co. 
 
 Toledo Machine & Tool Co. 
 
 Willys-Overland Car Co. 
 
 Du Pont Powder Works of Wil- 
 mington, Del., and other 
 points. 
 
14 
 
 SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
 The following firms have established a 54-hour week, reducing hours 
 from 55, 58, and in some cases 60 per week: 
 
 Springfield, Mass.: 
 
 Handee Motorcycle Co. 
 Taunton, Mass.: 
 
 Bell & Dyer Co. 
 
 Evans Machine & Stamping Co. 
 
 Lincoln & Williams Twist Drill 
 Co. 
 
 Vans Machine & Stamping Co. 
 Toledo, Ohio: 
 
 Acklyn Stamping Co. 
 
 Advance Machine Co. 
 
 Toledo Electro Plating Co. 
 Derby, Conn.: 
 
 Dairy Machine Co. 
 
 REDUCTION OF HOURS OF LABOR IN THE MACHINE TRADES. 
 
 (United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
 
 February, 1916.) 
 
 Monthly Review. 
 
 A movement for the reduction of hours of labor, notable for its rapid 
 progress, has taken place in the machine trades since late in the summer 
 of 1915 * * * 
 
 A partial list of the firms which had established the 8-hour day or 
 granted a reduction in hours up to the middle of September was pub- 
 lished in the October, 1915, issue of the Review. The International 
 Association of Machinists has furnished the bureau a list supplementing 
 the earlier list of firms which had granted reductions of hours up to the 
 end of 1915. The following firms have established an 8-hour day, with 
 reduction in most cases of 7 hours in a working week. 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn.: 
 
 American Graphophone Co. 
 
 Lake Torpedo Boat Co. 
 Meriden, Conn. : 
 
 New England Westinghouse Co. 
 New Haven, Conn. : 
 
 Geometric Tool Co. 
 Sheldon, Conn.: 
 
 The R. N. Basset Shop. 
 Wilmington, Del.: 
 
 Vogel Machine Co. 
 Chicago, 111.: 
 
 Stewart Warner Speedometer Co. 
 
 Western Electric Co. 
 Baton Rouge, La.: 
 
 Standard Oil Co. 
 Baltimore, Md.: 
 
 Pool Engineering Co. 
 
 Universal Machine Co. 
 Lowell, Mass.: 
 
 Heinze Electric Co. 
 
 U. S. Cartridge Co. 
 Springfield, Mass.: 
 
 Barley Machine Co. 
 
 Barney & Berry (inc.) : 
 
 Bausch Machine Tool Co. 
 
 Bay State Corset Co. 
 
 Blake Machine Co. 
 
 Duckworth Chain Co. 
 
 Gilbert & Barker Co. 
 
 Hendee Motorcycle Co. 
 
 Kibble Candy Co. 
 
 Knox Automobile Co. 
 
 Knox Motor Co. 
 
 National Equipment Co. 
 
 Package Machinery Co. 
 
 Rider Bagg Co. 
 
 Russell Machine Co. 
 
 Stacy Machine Co. 
 
 United States Saw Co. 
 Detroit, Mich.: 
 
 Siewek Bros. 
 
 The Studebaker Corporation. 
 Camden, N. J.: 
 
 Victor Talking Machine Co. 
 Garwood, N. J.: 
 
 Bell Electric Co. 
 
 Hyatt Roller and Bearing Co. 
 Perth Amboy, N. J.: 
 
 AmericanSmelting&RefiningCo . 
 
 Annes-Potter Brick Co. 
 
 Barber Asphalt Co. 
 
 Lyons-Flynn Co. 
 
 Perth Amboy Dry Dock.. 
 
sujMmary of study. 
 
 15 
 
 Raritan Dry Dock Co. 
 
 Raritan Copper Works. 
 
 R.& H. Chemical Co. 
 
 Shantz & Exkert. 
 
 Standard Cable Co. 
 
 Union Lead Co. 
 
 United States Cartridge Co. 
 
 Patrick Whites. 
 Plainfield, N. J.: 
 
 Manganese Steel Safe Co. 
 South Plainfield, N. Y.: 
 
 Spicer Manufacturing Co. 
 Trenton, N. J.: 
 
 J. L. Mott. 
 
 Harry Stahl. 
 
 E. Wilkes. 
 New York City and vicinity: 
 
 Adriance Machine Co. 
 
 Acme Die Casting Co. 
 
 Auto Press Co. 
 
 Blair Machine Co. 
 
 Bliss Manufacturing Co. 
 
 Cameron Machine Co. 
 
 Carpenter Tool Co. 
 
 Hoe Printing Press Co. 
 
 Doehler Die Casting Co. 
 
 W. W. Kellog Co. 
 
 Notham Manufacturing Co. (49 
 hours.) 
 
 Rockwell Engineering Co. 
 
 Schroeder Machine Co. 
 
 Sperry Gyroscope Co. 
 
 Wappler's Electric Co. 
 Cincinnati, Ohio: 
 
 United States Printing & Litho- 
 graph Co. 
 
 United States Playing Card Co. 
 Cleveland, Ohio: 
 
 Cleveland Automatic Co. 
 
 F. B. Sterns Auto Mfg. Co. 
 
 Sewer & Morgan Co. 
 Springfield, Ohio: 
 
 Springfield Machine Tool Co. 
 Toledo, Ohio: 
 
 American Can Co. 
 
 Bock Bearing Co. 
 
 City Machine Tool Co. 
 
 Consolidated Manufacturing Co. 
 
 O'Neill Machine Co. 
 Youngstown, Ohio: 
 
 William Todd Co. 
 Pittsburgh, Pa.: 
 
 Pittsburgh Machine Tool Co. 
 Providence, R. L: 
 
 Providence Engineering Co. 
 Milwaukee, Wis. : 
 
 Milwaukee Die & Casting Co. 
 (44 hours a week.) 
 
 The following firms have granted reductions in hours, although the 
 hours are still somewhat in excess of the straight 8-hour day: 
 
 Forty-nine and one-half hours per week. 
 Columbus, Ohio. — Hearne Manufacturing Co., Rudd Manufacturing 
 Co., Shiriner Co., Modern Tool & Die Co. 
 
 Fifty hours per week. 
 Connecticut. — New Departure Roller Bearing Co., Bristol; Birming- 
 ham Foundry & Machine Co., Derby. New Jersey. — Wickes Bros., 
 Jersey City; J. A. Roebling Co., Trenton. New York City and vicinity. 
 — Davis Bourville Co. 
 
 Fifty-four hours per week. 
 
 Connecticut. — Hendee Machine Co., Torrington. Pennsylvania. — 
 Westinghouse Co., East Pittsburgh. 
 
 An excellent statement of the 8-hour movement during the war period 
 is made in the following extract from the brief, "The case for a shorter 
 work day," prepared under the direction of Messrs. Louis D. Brandeis 
 and Felix Frankfurter, and Miss Pauline Goldmark, and submitted 
 at the October, 1915, term of the Supreme Court of the United States 
 (Volume n., pp. 933 and 934) .i 
 
 1 The complete extract is taken from an article in the Survey, April 1, 1916, entitled "The Sudden 
 Spread of the Eight Hour Day.". 
 
16 SUMMARY OF STUDY. 
 
 Twenty-five years ago in England, the skilled mechanic was building 
 his Utopia out of "eight hours for work, eight hours for play, eight hours 
 for sleep and eight bobs a day." In America this movement has lagged 
 among the machinists. At the outset of the war, the skilled men, 
 though they had their two dollars a day or more, had by no means reduced 
 their working day to eight hours. In the last twenty months, however, 
 they have done more to effect that standard than in the twenty-five 
 years preceding the war. 
 
 On January 1, 1915, only 7,000 members of the International Asso- 
 ciation of Machinists were working the eight-hour day; on January 1, 
 1916, 60,000 men were working eight hours. 
 
 The awakening of the machinists seems to have come first to public 
 notice in March, 1915, when there was a slight stir in Worcester, 
 Mass., and scores of machinists were reported as joining the local union. 
 In August the movement was well on its way. In September, even the 
 corset manufacturers in Bridgeport, Conn., and that neighborhood, 
 beginning to feel the pressure from the demand for labor in the muni- 
 tions plants, shortened the working day of the girls to eight a day. In 
 the last six months, the movement has swept not only through the 
 munitions plants and the corset factories, but through automobile and 
 motorcycle works, paper mills and skate making establishments, the 
 garment trades, and shops making musical instruments. 
 
 Centers where sudden and wholesale changes have occurred, which 
 are easily traceable through the newspaper accounts, are Bridgeport, 
 Conn., where more than fifteen firms reduced hours; Perth Amboy, 
 New Jersey, from which came the nonchalant report that after strikes 
 in twenty-one shops, thirteen shops conceded immediately; Springfeli, 
 Mass., Plainfield and Bayonne, New Jersey. In Wilmington, Del., the 
 shorter work day was granted to the employes of the Du Pont Powder 
 factory, and the Gulf Refining Company in Port Arthur, Texas, gave 
 it to 2,125 men. Fourteen or more small firms followed the movement 
 in New York City. In Toledo, Ohio, the three largest firms to fall into 
 line were the Willys-Overland Automobile Co., the Bunting Brass and 
 Bronze Company, and the Toledo Machine and Tool Company. 
 
 Aside from a few scattered changes in the south and middle west, 
 the war demand has made itself felt rnost widely in the sea board states. 
 In these states official returns as to the extent of the movement are 
 obtainable. The Department of Labor of New Jersey reported that 
 25,395 persons in twenty-four various plants of that state had for the 
 first time benefitted during the past year by the eight-hour day. Out 
 of all these, only one firm, the Victor Talking Machine Company, 
 employing 7,500 men and women, is not "engaged in the production 
 of one or another kind of war material for the European belligerents." 
 The New York Department of Labor reported gains by 850 metal workers 
 and 850 magneto workers in the city of New York. The Connecticut 
 Bureau of Labor estimated that 30,000 machinists in the munitions 
 plants alone were affected. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES 
 1. NAVY YARD EMPLOYES. 
 
 The workers in government Navy Yards have received substantial 
 advances in rates of pay during recent years, but their increases with 
 the exception of a few occupations have not been so large as in the case 
 of workers in the outside shipyards. Government workers have the 
 advantage, however, of receiving thirty days leave each year on full 
 pay. They have an eight-hour working day also and receive time and 
 one-half for all time worked in excess of eight hours. 
 
 The table submitted below shows the rates of pay in the leading 
 occupations prevailing in four government navy yards in different 
 sections of the country in 1911, 1914, and 1917, and the increased 
 compensation in 1917 as compared with 1911 and 1914. A higher 
 general level of compensation prevailed in 1911 and 1914 on the Pacific 
 Coast than in other sections, which explains the relatively small increases 
 in that section. In general, the rates of pay in Philadelphia were lower 
 in 1911 than in the other yards. Common labor there has received 
 during past years, and receives at the present time, a much smaller 
 daily compensation than elsewhere, this condition of affairs being un- 
 doubtedly due to the lower rates for negro labor in the South. 
 
 Occupation 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 per day 
 
 Percent increase 1917 
 rates over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 
 $3.44 
 3.54 
 
 3.68 
 
 S4.72 
 
 4.72 
 
 5.52 
 
 4.72 
 
 .. 4.72 
 
 37.2 
 33.3 
 
 28^3 
 
 
 
 
 3.60 
 
 3.76 
 
 31.1 
 
 25.5 
 
 
 Pattern Makers • 
 
 3.76 
 3.28 
 3.52 
 3.04 
 3.44 
 3.52 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.44 
 3.52 
 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4,80 
 4.72 
 
 25.5 
 43.9 
 34.1 
 55. 3 
 39.5 
 34.1 
 
 25.5 
 37.2 
 34.1 
 
 Pipe Fitters 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 
 36.4 
 34.1 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 2.48 
 2.00 
 
 2.64 
 2.00 
 
 3.04 
 2.64 
 
 22.6 
 32.0 
 
 15.2 
 32.0 
 
 17 
 
18 
 
 NAVY YARDS, SHIP YARDS AND METAL TRADES. 
 
 Occupation 
 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 per day 
 
 Percent increase 1917 
 rates over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 
 $3.60 
 3.76 
 4.40 
 3.76 
 3. 52 
 4.00 
 3.60 
 4.40 
 3.12 
 3.52 
 3.36 
 3.76 
 
 2.40 
 2.24 
 
 $3.76 
 4.00 
 4.80 
 3.76 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 4,40 
 3.36 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 4.00 
 
 2.40 
 
 2.24 
 
 $4.80 
 4.80 
 S.28 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 
 3.04 
 2.7-2 
 
 33.3 
 27.7 
 20.0 
 27.7 
 36.4 
 20.0 
 33.3 
 10.0 
 53.8 
 36.4 
 42.9 
 27.7 
 
 26.7 
 21.4 
 
 27.7 
 20.0 
 10.0 
 27.7 
 36.4 
 20.0 
 20.0 
 10.0 
 42.9 
 27.7 
 27.7 
 20.0 
 
 26.7 
 21.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pattern Makers 
 
 Pipe Fitters 
 
 
 Riveters 
 
 
 
 Toolmakers ... 
 
 Holders on 
 
 
 
 Occupation 
 
 
 CHARLESTON, 
 
 s. c. 
 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 per day 
 
 Percent increase" 19 17 
 rates over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 
 $3,60 
 3.60 
 
 $3.60 
 3.84 
 
 $4.72 
 4.72 
 4.76 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4,72 
 4.32 
 4.80 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 
 2,96 
 1,84 
 
 31.1 
 31.1 
 
 31.1 
 22.9 
 
 
 Electricians 
 
 
 3.60 
 4.00 
 3.28 
 3.60 
 2.80 
 4.00 
 3.28 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 3.76 
 
 2.00 
 1.28 
 
 3.60 
 4.00 
 3,60 
 3.76 
 2.80 
 4.00 
 3.44 
 3.52 
 
 31.1 
 18.0 
 43.9 
 31.1 
 68.6 
 18.0 
 31.7 
 36.4 
 34.1 
 25.5 
 
 48.0 
 43.8 
 
 31.1 
 18.0 
 31.1 
 25.5 
 68.6 
 18.0 
 25.6 
 36.4 
 
 Maciiinists — Electrical 
 
 Molders 
 
 
 Pipe Fitters 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Ship Fitters ] . . . . 
 
 Shipsmiths .... 
 
 
 3.76 
 
 2.56 
 1.52 
 
 25.5 
 
 15,6 
 
 21.1 
 
 
 Laiiorers, common 
 
 
 Occupation 
 
 PUGET SOUND. WASH. 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 per day 
 
 Percent increase 1917 
 rates over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 
 $4,00 
 4.24 
 
 $4.00 
 4.24 
 4.24 
 4.00 
 
 $4,40 
 4,64 
 4.24 
 4.00 
 
 10.0 
 9.4 
 
 10.0 
 9.4 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Machinists 
 
 4.00 
 
 0.0 
 
 Machinists — Electrical 
 
 Molders 
 
 4,00 
 4.00 
 3,76 
 4,16 
 3,84 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 4.24 
 3,76 
 4,16 
 3,84 
 4,00 
 
 4.00 
 4,96 
 4,32 
 4,24 
 4,08 
 4,72 
 4,32 
 4,64 
 
 2,80 
 2.56 
 
 0.0 
 
 24,0 
 
 14.9 
 
 1.9 
 
 6.3 
 
 18.0 
 
 0.0 
 16.9 
 14.9 
 1.9 
 6.3 
 18.0 
 
 Pattern Makers 
 
 Pipe Fitters 
 
 
 
 Ship Fitters 
 
 
 Toolmakers 
 
 4.24 
 
 2.72 
 2.24 
 
 4.24 
 
 2,72 
 2,40 
 
 9.4 
 
 2.9 
 14.3 
 
 9.4 
 
 2.9 
 6.7 
 
 
 
 
NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES. 
 
 19 
 
 2. SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 On the Pacific Coast the eight-hour working day is in effect and time 
 and one-half and double time is paid for overtime. Special concessions 
 are also made at some points for work on night shifts. In the Eastern 
 yards the eight-hour day is not general except in private plants doing 
 Navy Department work. A number of yards have a nine-hour work- 
 ing day. With the absorption of all shipbuilding activities by the 
 Government, which is now in progress, the navy yard conditions of 
 work will undoubtedly be universally applied. 
 
 Since the beginning of the European conflict there have been large 
 advances in rates of pay. Although there are numerous cases of greater 
 advances in some of the more skilled and organized crafts, as boiler- 
 makers, blacksmiths, and ship fitters, the general increase in the 
 Eastern yards has been approximately 75 per cent. The following 
 table shows for the Delaware River District the rates of pay prevailing 
 in 1914 and 1917 in the leading occupations and the increase in 1917 as 
 compared with 1914: 
 
 MINIMUM HOURLY RATES OF PAY, 1914-1917. DELAWARE RIVER SHIPYARDS. 
 
 • 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Per cent 
 Increase 
 
 1917 
 Over 1914 
 
 
 39 
 
 30 
 33.3 
 27.5 
 22.5 
 29.5 
 25 
 20 
 15 
 10 
 8 
 33 
 22 
 25 
 22 
 33 
 46 
 30 
 30 
 30 
 22 
 18.5 
 18.5 
 25 
 15 
 20 
 25 
 
 22.5 
 36 
 33 
 17.5 
 15 
 30 
 33 
 30 
 30 
 
 64.5 
 
 45 
 
 53 
 
 42.5 
 
 42.5 
 
 58.5 
 
 44.5 
 
 35 
 
 29 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 58 
 
 38.5 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 55 
 
 67 
 
 50 
 
 48 
 
 35 
 
 45 
 
 38 
 
 35 
 
 61.5 
 
 29 
 
 42 
 
 S3 
 
 35 
 
 61.5 
 
 55 
 
 35 
 
 29 
 
 49.5 
 
 55 
 
 59.5 
 
 61.5 
 
 65 
 
 SO 
 
 62 
 
 54.5 
 
 89 
 
 98 
 
 78 
 
 75 
 
 96.6 
 120 
 175 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 64 
 
 86 
 
 66.6 
 
 46 
 
 66.6 
 
 60 
 
 16.6 
 104.5 
 105 
 
 89 
 146 
 
 96.6 
 110 
 112 
 
 55.5 
 
 71 
 
 66.6 
 100 
 
 96.6 
 
 65 
 
 66.6 
 
 95 
 105 
 
 
 
 Pattern Makers '. 
 
 
 
 Stage Builders . . 
 
 Hand Riveters 
 
 
 Rivet Heaters 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tank Testers 
 
 
 
 
 Drillers 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 
 
 NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES. 
 
 The following table shows the constant advance in rates of pay in 
 the Delaware River District during the past two years. It is based on 
 the average earnings of 7000 shipyard workers and shows the average 
 earnings per hour for selected months for the years 1914-1917: 
 
 INCREASE IN AVERAGE RATE PER HOUR, DELAWARE RIVER 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Month. 
 
 Average 
 Earnings 
 per hour. 
 
 Per cent 
 
 increase over 
 
 March 1, 1916. 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 1917 
 1917 
 
 July 
 
 January 
 
 January 
 
 March 
 
 January 
 
 November 
 
 $0.26K 
 .27 
 .26'A 
 .29 
 .34 
 ATA 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 28 
 79 
 
 INCREASE IN AVERAGE RATE PER HOUR, 1916-1917, DELAWARE RIVER 
 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 40 60 
 
 1 1 
 
 . «° 
 
 70 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 m^Maroh) 
 ^^^Uannary) 
 
 
 
 10 Jer Cent 
 
 28 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 
 ^^BHIHI^I 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^PMHovember) 
 
 
 
 
 PACIFIC COAST WAGE SCALE, 1918 
 
 During the month of October, 1917, the Labor Adjustment Board 
 of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, after extensive hearings and 
 original investigations, fixed a wage scale for Pacific Coast shipbuilding 
 yards. It was based on a 31 per cent advance in rates over those pre- 
 vailing in June, 1916, the Board having found that there had been a 
 31 per cent advance in cost of living during this period. This award 
 was shortly afterwards supplemented by a 10 per cent war bonus from 
 the Emergency Fleet Corporation. The rates established by occu- 
 pations were as follows, for yards building both wooden and steel ships: 
 
NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES. 
 
 21 
 
 RATES ESTABLISHED IN PACIFIC COAST SHIPYARDS BY U. S. LABOR ADJUSTMENT 
 
 BOARD WITH THE ADDITION OF A TEN PER CENT BONUS BY THE U. S. 
 
 EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION. 
 
 Minimum wage scate for Journeymen, Specialists, Helpers and Laborers in Specified Crafts. 
 
 STEEL CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 
 SS 77 
 
 Macliinists, Specialists 
 
 Machinists' Helpers 
 
 .. 4.40 
 .. 3.96 
 
 Pattern Makers 
 
 7 15 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 5 77 
 
 Blacksmiths* Helpers 
 
 Anglesmiths 
 
 . . 4.29 
 5 77 
 
 
 4 95 
 
 Pipe Fitters 
 
 5 77 
 
 Pipe Helpers 
 
 3 96 
 
 
 6 60 
 
 Coppersmiths' Helpers 
 
 Firemen 
 
 . . 4.29 
 3 96 
 
 Sheet Metal Workers 
 
 Sheet Metal Workers' Helpers 
 
 Painters 
 
 .. 6.60 
 
 .. 3.96 
 
 5 50 
 
 Painters, Bitumastic 
 
 Angle and Frame Setters 
 
 .. 6.60 
 .. 6.60 
 
 . . 5.77 
 . . 5.77 
 
 
 5 77 
 
 
 5 77 
 
 Stationary and Operating Engineers . . . 
 Lof tsmen 
 
 .. 5.77 
 
 .. 3.96 
 
 6 60 
 
 Rivet Heaters 
 
 3 96 
 
 Shipyard Riggers 
 
 . . 6 60 
 
 Jniimpymiin 
 
 5 50 
 
 Locomotive Cranes 
 
 .. 6.60 
 . . 6 , 60 
 
 Double Cable Ways 
 
 All Double Machines, Electrical, Steam 
 Air 
 
 .. 6.60 
 
 or 
 
 .. 6.60 
 
 Operated Winches and Donkeys 
 
 .. 6.60 
 .. 6.05 
 
 Overhead Cranes (In Shops) S6.0S 
 
 Steam and Electrical Operators in Power 
 
 Houses 6.05 
 
 Riveters, Chippers and Caulkers 5.77 
 
 Acetylene Welders 5.77 
 
 Plate Hangers 5.50 
 
 Punch and Shear Men 4 . 95 
 
 Planermen 4 . 62 
 
 Countersinkers 4. 62 
 
 Drillers and Reamers 4 . 62 
 
 Holders-On 4,62 
 
 Slab Helpers 4.29 
 
 Plate Hangers' Helpers 
 
 Hook Tenders 
 
 Flange Fire Helpers 4.29 
 
 Machine Helpers, Flange 
 
 Boilermakers' Helpers ; 4.29 
 
 Ship Fitters' Helpers 3 . 96 
 
 Rivet Heaters 3.46 
 
 Electrical Workers 5.77 
 
 Electrical Workers' Helpers 3 . 96 
 
 Molders' Helpers 3.96 
 
 Foundry Carpenters 4 . 95 
 
 Fumaceraen 4 . 95 
 
 Casting Cleaners 4.29 
 
 (San Francisco) 
 
 Frost and Asbestos Workers 5.77 
 
 Metal Polishers and Finishers 5.77 
 
 Bridge and Structural Iron Workers 5. 77 
 
 (Seattle) 
 
 Storekeepers, Watchmen and Janitors 3 . 96 
 
 Engineers in Charge of Boilers 5 . SO 
 
 Firemen with Engineer in charge 4 40 
 
 Oilers 4.95 
 
 Fumacemen 4.95 
 
 Single Drum Steam, Elec. or Air Winches 
 
 and Donkeys not hoisting 4 . 95 
 
 WOODEN CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 Shipwrights, Joiners, Boat Builders and MiUmen §6.60 
 
 Caulkers 7.15 
 
 Laborers and Helpers 3.57 
 
 Fasteners 4,95 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO RATES, 1907-1918 
 
 Prior to the award of the Board there had been no wage advance in 
 San Francisco since 1907, although in 1915 the employes had been given 
 an eight-hour day on the same basis of pay as they had before received 
 for 10 hours. The increase in rates in the leading occupations in terms 
 of percentages in 1918 as compared with 1907 are shown in the follow- 
 ing table and graphically indicated in the accompanying chart. 
 
22 NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES. 
 
 INCREASE IN SHIPYARD RATES OF PAY 1918 OVER 1907, SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES 
 SAN FRANCISCO SHIPYARD RATES OF PAY. 
 
 23 
 
 Class of employes 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Molders 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Blacksmiths' Helpers 
 
 Boilermakere 
 
 Ship Fitters 
 
 Drillers, Reamers, Tapers and Holders-On. 
 
 Punch and Shear Men 
 
 Sheet Metal Workers 
 
 Riveters and Caulkers 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Heater Boys 
 
 Laborers, Shipyard 
 
 Helpers, General 
 
 Increase 1918 
 over 19S7j 
 (Percent) 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 43 
 44 
 44 
 54 
 65 
 65 
 61 
 68 
 330 
 49 
 49 
 
 ADVANCES IN WASHINGTON AND OREGON YARDS, 1916-1918 
 
 The general increase in rates of pay in Washington and Oregon yards 
 in 1918 as compared with 1916 was, by leading occupations, as shown in 
 the following table. The same facts are shown in graphic form in the 
 accompanying diagram. 
 
 INCREASE IN RATES OF PAY IN WASHINGTON AND OREGON SHIPYARDS, 
 
 1918 OVER 1916. 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Molders 
 
 Pattern Makers 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Anglesmiths 
 
 Pipe Fitters 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Sheet Metal Workers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Flange Turners 
 
 Angle and Furnace Setters 
 
 Boilermakers 
 
 Ship Fitters 
 
 Riveters, Chippers and Caulkers 
 
 Plate Hangers 
 
 Fumacemen 
 
 Countersinkers 
 
 Drillers and Reamers 
 
 Holders-On 
 
 Boilermakers 
 
 Electrical Workers 
 
 Laborers 
 
 Increase 1918 
 over 1916, 
 (Percent.) 
 
 44.4 
 44.4 
 58.9 
 44.4 
 44.4 
 44.4 
 24.6 
 21.7 
 37. S 
 46.7 
 44.4 
 44.4 
 44.4 
 44.4 
 37.5 
 54. 7 
 44.4 
 44.4 
 44.4 
 43.0 
 44.4 
 19.0 
 
24 
 
 NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES. 
 
 INCREASE IN RATES OF PAY 1918 OVER 1916, WASHINGTON AND OREGON 
 
 SHIPYARDS. 
 
 10 20 30 
 
 40 50 5 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 Machinists 
 
 ^^^^^Per Cent 
 
 1 Ulolders 
 
 ^44j^^^ 
 
 1 Pattern Makers 
 
 Be. 9 
 
 j Blacksmiths 
 
 44j^^^ 
 
 1 Anglesmiths 
 
 44.4 
 
 1 Pipe Fitters 
 
 44.4 
 
 
 1 Coppersmiths 
 
 1 Sheet Metai Workers 
 
 1 Painters 
 
 24.6 
 2i.7 
 3V.5 
 
 1 Flange Turners 
 
 46j7^^^ 
 
 1 Angle and Furnace Setters 
 
 44;^^^ 
 
 1 Boilermakers 
 
 44^^^^ 
 
 1 Shipf itters 
 
 44j^^^ 
 
 1 Riveters, Chippers and Calkers 
 
 44^^^^ 
 
 1 Plate Hangers 
 
 57.5 
 
 1 Fumacemen 
 
 54.7 
 
 1 Countersinkers 
 
 ^44j^^^ 
 
 1 Drillers and Reamers 
 
 44.4 
 
 1 Holders On 
 
 ^44j4^^ 
 
 1 Electrical Workers 
 
 44.4 
 
 ^^orer^^^^^^^ 
 
 19.0. 
 
 
 
NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES. 25 
 
 RATE ADVANCES IN ALLIED SHOPS, 1914-1917. 
 
 The table next submitted shows the trend in wage increases since 1914 
 in foundry and machine shops on the Pacific Coast subsidiary to the ship- 
 building industry. The detailed comparative statement is as follows : 
 
 SHIP FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS. 
 Average Rates Per Hour, 1914-1917. (All Employes.) 
 
 Departments 
 
 1914 
 
 Cents 
 
 1915 
 
 Cents 
 
 1916 
 
 Cents 
 
 1917 
 
 Cents 
 
 Increase 
 1917 over 
 
 1914 
 Percent 
 
 Machine Shop . 
 
 Foundry 
 
 Boiler Shop. . . . 
 Pattern Shop. . 
 
 35.5 
 33.9 
 31,3 
 39.9 
 
 35.5 
 34.4 
 34.7 
 40.0 
 
 35.9 
 34.8 
 34.7 
 41.1 
 
 50.0 
 45.1 
 44.6 
 66.2 
 
 41 
 33 
 
 42.5 
 65.9 
 
 It will be noted that during the period 1914-1917, rates of pay in 
 shops allied with the shipbuilding industry increased from 33 per cent 
 in the case of foundries to 65.9 per cent in pattern shops. 
 
26 NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES. 
 
 3. WAGES OF METAL WORKERS IN RAILROAD SHOPS. 
 
 The wage rates of shipyard and navy yard employes, as presented 
 in the preceding sections, have shown, with a considerable degree of 
 fullness, the recent trend of wages among metal workers, inasmuch as 
 most of the trades there represented are essentially metal trades. 
 
 With the great demand for metal workers in the shipbuilding indus- 
 try, the rates paid therein tended to bring the wage rates for similar 
 work in other industries to a higher level. For such other industries, 
 however, it is extremely difficult to obtain precise data regarding current 
 wage rates of metal workers. In many places such workers are strongly 
 organized and the rates paid are on an agreement basis, but the wage 
 agreements usually apply to a particular establishment or group of 
 establishments and not to a fixed territory, such as is customary in the 
 building trades. Thus, there results a multitude of agreements and 
 wage scales. 
 
 For only one important group of metal workers, other than those 
 employed in shipyards and navy yards, were wage data available to 
 the end of 1917. This group consists of the Federated Shop Employes 
 of the Southeastern Railroads. 
 
 In August, 1917, a general agreement was entered into between these 
 roads and the men employed in their car building and repair shops. 
 This agreement became effective September 1, and as far as could be 
 ascertained, the wage scales established therein were unchanged as late 
 as December, 1917. 
 
 With the aid of this information, supplemented by earlier data pub- 
 lished by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, it is possible 
 to trace the wage changes for blacksmiths, boilermakers and machinists 
 in certain of the shops referred to down to December, 1917. The tabu- 
 lated results are shown in the table below for 1911, 1914 and December, 
 1917. 
 
 It will be noted that, with very few exceptions, the rates of all three 
 occupations in all of the cities covered were uniform at 50^ cents per 
 hour in December, 1917. This represents an increase in the hourly rates 
 of from 29 to 44 per cent over 1911. Coincident with this increase in 
 hourly rates, a reduction in hours from 54 to 48 per week occurred in 
 all these shops. This made the increase in full-time weekly earnings 
 much less striking than the increases in hourly rates. 
 
NAVY YARDS, SHIPYARDS AND METAL TRADES. 
 METAL TRADES— SOUTHEASTERN RAILROAD SHOPS. 
 
 27 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rates (in cents) 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Percent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Blacksmiths: 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 Boilermakers: 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 Richmond, Va. (A) 
 Richmond, Va. (B) 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Machinists: 
 
 Atlanta. Ga. 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 Richmond, Va. 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 39.0 
 39.0 
 
 38.0 
 38.0 
 38.0 
 37.3 
 39.0 
 35.0 
 
 38.0 
 40.0 
 36.5 
 35.0 
 
 41.0 
 41.0 
 
 41.0 
 41.0 
 41.0 
 41.3 
 41.0 
 41.0 
 
 41.0 
 41.0 
 38.6 
 36.0 
 
 50.5 
 50.5 
 
 50.5 
 50.5 
 50.5 
 50.8 
 52.0 
 52.0 
 
 50.5 
 50.5 
 50.5 
 50.5 
 
 29 
 29 
 
 33 
 33 
 33 
 36 
 33 
 41 
 
 33 
 26 
 38 
 44 
 
 23 
 23 
 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 27 
 27 
 
 23 
 23 
 31 
 40 
 
 $21.06 
 21.06 
 
 20.52 
 20.52 
 20.52 
 20.12 
 21.06 
 19.80 
 
 20.52 
 21.60 
 19.71 
 18.90 
 
 $22.14 
 22.14 
 
 22.14 
 22.14 
 22.14 
 22.28 
 22.14 
 22.14 
 
 22.14 
 22.14 
 22.82 
 19.44 
 
 $24.24 
 24.24 
 
 24.24 
 24.24 
 24.24 
 24.38 
 24.96 
 24.96 
 
 24.24 
 24.24 
 24.24 
 24.24 
 
 15 
 15 
 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 21 
 19 
 26 
 
 18 
 12 
 23 
 28 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 13 
 13 
 
 9 
 9 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 Averages; 
 
 Blacksmiths. 
 Boilermakers. 
 Machinists. 
 
 39.0 
 37.6 
 37.4 
 
 41.0 
 41.1 
 39.2 
 
 50.5 
 51. 1 
 50.5 
 
 29 
 36 
 35 
 
 23 
 24 
 29 
 
 21.06 
 20.42 
 20.18 
 
 22.14 
 22.16 
 21.64 
 
 24.24 
 24.50 
 24.24 
 
 15 
 20 
 18 
 
 9 
 11 
 12 
 
CHAPTER m 
 
 THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY. 
 
 The huge demand for iron and steel products, incident to the Euro- 
 pean war, was not reflected in the iron and steel industry of the United 
 States until about the summer of 1915. The rates of pay to bothtonnage 
 and time workers, which had been increased generally in the industry 
 in 1913, remained at about the same level through 1914 and 1915. In 
 the early part of 1916, however, there began, in alniost all steel plants, 
 a series of wage advances which has continued until the present time. 
 Thus the United States Steel Corporation during the years 1916 and 
 1917 announced five wage increases, each of which was in the form of 
 a flat 10 per cent advance upon existing rates. In every case, the 
 advances made by the steel corporation either were immediately followed 
 or immediately preceded by similar advances by most of the other 
 large steel companies. 
 
 These wage increases — totaling 60.6 per cent— seem to have been 
 the only important wage increases between 1915 and January 1, 1918. 
 As the reports of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics furnish 
 data for 1915 and earlier years, sufficiently accurate information is 
 available to indicate th recent trend of wages in this vitally important 
 war industry, which, in 1917, employed more than 400,000 workers. 
 
 Interpreting this material in the manner indicated, it appears that 
 the general level of wages per hour in the most important departments 
 of the industry was between 63 and 90 per cent higher on January 1, 
 1918, than in 1911, and between 49 and 70 per cent higher on January 1, 
 1918, than in 1914. The details, by departments, are shown in the 
 following table. 
 
 INDEX NUMBERS OF WAGES PER HOUR IN IMPORTANT DEPARTMENTS OF THE IRON 
 
 AND STEEL INDUSTRY. 
 (1911=100) 
 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Jan. 1, 
 1918 
 
 Percent increase 
 Jan. 1, 1918, over 
 
 1911 
 
 'l9U 
 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 110 
 105 
 112 
 112 
 112 
 109 
 
 177 
 175 
 187 
 180 
 190 
 163 
 
 77 
 75 
 87 
 80 
 90 
 63 
 
 61 
 67 
 67 
 61 
 70 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 COMMON LABOR. 
 
 The above data by departments include all employees, both skilled 
 and unskilled. For the unskilled labor alone the wage advances, under 
 the flat percentage system followed during the past two years, have 
 been in practically the same proportion as those for the skilled worker. 
 In 1911 the average hourly earnings of unskilled labor was $0.16 and 
 in 1914 was $0.18, while on January 1, 1918, was approximately $0.29, 
 an increase of 80 per cent over 1911 and 60 per cent over 1914. 
 
 28 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 COAL MINING. 
 
 In 1914 there were almost 181,000 workers employed in anthracite 
 mines and almost 600,000 in bituminous mines, making a total of approxi- 
 mately 781,000 in the coal mining industry of the United States. 
 
 Anthracite and bituminous mining differ considerably in methods 
 of work. But the two branches of the industry are not very dissimilar 
 as regards occupations, the distribution of the labor force and the 
 systems of wage payment. In both, the employees fall into two general 
 classes: (1) The miners proper who do the actual digging and cutting 
 of the coal and who are paid, except when working under special con- 
 ditions, on a tonnage basis; and (2) a large number of accessory occu- 
 pations, such as hoisting and pumping engineers, machinists, carpen- 
 ters and timbermen. These are almost always paid on a time basis. 
 
 Between 1911 and January, 1918, there was an increase of about 24 
 per cent in the tonnage rates of anthracite coal miners. Increases in 
 the wage rates of time workers were of approximately the same amount, 
 although the exact percentage figure has not been determined. 
 
 In the case of bituminous mining, the increases in rates of pay during 
 the same period were considerably greater than in anthracite mining. 
 Thus, in the Hocking Valley District of Ohio, which may be taken as 
 thoroughly representative of the eastern and middle bituminous fields, 
 the advances in the tonnage rates of pick and machine mining were, 
 respectively, 42 and 66 per cent, between 1911 and January, 1918. 
 For the time workers in this district the advances in the majority of 
 occupations were approximately 85 per cent. 
 
 The manner in which these conclusions were arrived at, and the 
 systems of wage payments in use, are briefly summarized below, for 
 anthracite and bituminous mining separately: 
 
 (1) ANTHRACITE COAL 
 
 The existing wage rates for all classes of anthracite mine employes 
 are directly based upon the award of the Anthracite Coal Strike Com- 
 mission of 1903. The increases granted by that commission were in the 
 form of flat percentage increases, with the addition of a sliding scale 
 system of advances dependent on the price of coal. No basic wage 
 rates were fixed. The existing differences between different mining 
 companies were accepted and the percentage increases applied to the 
 then existing rates. 
 
 29 
 
30 
 
 COAL MINING. 
 
 This system of wage advances has continued until the present, except 
 that the sliding scale was abolished in 1912. A series of agreements 
 subsequent to 1903 have either continued the existing agreements or. 
 provided for certain fixed increases, usually in percentage form, upon 
 the rates fixed in the previous agreements. Each of these agreements 
 has involved all the mining companies and employes in the anthracite 
 coal field. 
 
 Thus, by tracing the series of agreements entered into, a closely accu- 
 rate idea can be had of the trend of wage rates from 1902 to 1918 although 
 the actual rates paid by different companies are not known. This is 
 done, in the following table, for contract miners. The year 1902 is taken 
 as a base (100) and the subsequent increases are calculated upon this 
 base. 
 
 TREND OF WAGES OF ANTHRACITE COAL MINERS, 1902 TO 1918. 
 (1902=100) 
 
 1902 
 
 100.00 
 
 1903 
 
 114.40 
 
 1904 
 
 114.95 
 
 1905 
 
 114.31 
 
 1906 
 
 114.58 
 
 1907 
 
 114.22 
 
 1908 
 
 114.40 
 
 1909 
 
 114.49 
 
 1910 
 
 114.40 
 
 1911 
 
 114.95 
 
 1912 
 
 121.00 
 
 1913 
 
 121.00 
 
 1914 
 
 121.00 
 
 191S 
 
 121.00 
 
 1916 
 
 129.47 
 
 1917-1918 
 
 142.42 
 
 Increase of 10 per cent by strike commission, plus the 
 increases under the operation of the sliding scale 
 provision. 
 
 Increase of 10 per cent upon rates established by strike 
 commission of 1903, the sliding scale being abol- 
 ished. 
 
 Increase of 7 per cent upon previous rates. 
 Increase of 10 per cent upon previous rates. 
 
 The advances presented in the above table may be expressed in terms 
 of percentage increases in 1917 over preceding years. Thus 
 
 1917 as compared with 1902 42 . 4 per cent higher. 
 
 1917 as compared with 1903 25.2 percent higher. 
 
 1917 as compared with 1911 23.9 per cent higher. 
 
 1917 as compared with 1912-1915 17.7 per cent higher. 
 
 (2) BITUMINOUS MINING 
 
 Bituminous coal is mined in about one-half of the States of the Union 
 but almost three-quarters of the tonnage in recent years has been pro- 
 duced in western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana and West Virginia. 
 
 With the exception of West Virginia the mine workers of these states 
 are strongly organized and for a number of years have been working 
 under fixed agreements, usually biennial, with the mine operators. 
 Instead, however, of a single agreement for the industry, such as exists 
 in anthracite mining, there are a number of district agreements. 
 
 These district agreements differ in their wage scales but the differences 
 are based on differences in the physical difficulties of mining and the 
 wage changes have usually been more or less uniform in the several 
 districts. Thus for the four states above mentioned — known as the 
 central competitive field — a single wage agreement, which uses the 
 Hocking Valley District of Ohio as a basing district, constitutes the 
 basic agreement for all four states. Therefore, the wage changes in the 
 
COAL MINING. 
 
 31 
 
 Hocking Valley District may be taken as representative of the trend 
 of wage rates in this whole field and, in a general way, for practically 
 all bituminous mining-^in- the country. - 
 
 The table below shows, for this district and also for the Pittsburgh 
 District, the tonnage rates for n.i.iers and the daily wage rates of several 
 important occupations which are on a time basis for 1911, 1914 and 
 January 1, 1918. Since 1914, practically all wage rates in the central 
 competitive field have been computed on the basis of mine-run coal. 
 In order to make the rates for 1911 comparable with those for 1914 
 and 1918 it has been necessary to correct some of the earlier rates from 
 a screened coal to a mine-run basis. In doing so it has been assumed 
 that screened coal constitutes 65 per cent of mine-run coal. This esti- 
 mate is believed to be sufficiently accurate for the purpose in view. 
 
 The accompanying chart shows the main points of this table in 
 graphic form. 
 
 RATES OF WAGES OF MINERS AND DAY LABORERS, BITUMINOUS COAL MINING, 
 
 MINE-RUN BASIS. 
 
 Occupation. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Jan. 1, 1918. 
 
 Per cent of increase 
 Jan. 1, 1918, over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Mining, rates per ton. 
 
 HOCKING 
 $0.6175 
 
 .4225 
 
 2.70 
 
 2.49 
 1.25 
 2.63 
 
 2.96 
 
 2.67 
 
 2.49 
 1.48 
 
 PITTS 
 
 $0,614 
 .5287 
 
 .4202 
 .3633 
 
 2.70 
 2.49 
 1.19 
 
 2.64 
 
 VALLEY 
 $0,676 
 
 .47 
 
 2.84 
 
 2.62 
 1.32 
 2.78 
 
 3.12 
 
 2.81 
 
 2.62 
 1.56 
 
 BURGH DI 
 
 SO. 6464 
 .5611 
 
 .4461 
 .3892 
 
 2.84 
 2.62 
 1.25 
 2.78 
 
 DISTRICT. 
 $0.8764 
 
 .70 
 
 5.00 
 
 4.75 
 2.65 
 4.92 
 
 5.27 
 
 4.95 
 
 4.75 
 3.64 
 
 STRICT. 
 
 $0.8764 
 .7911 
 
 .70 
 .6431 
 
 5.00 
 4.75 
 2.65 
 4.92 
 
 42 
 66 
 
 85 
 
 91 
 
 112 
 
 87 
 
 78 
 
 85 
 
 91 
 146 
 
 43 
 50 
 
 67 
 77 
 
 85 
 
 91 
 
 123 
 
 86 
 
 30 
 49 
 
 76 
 
 81 
 101 
 
 77 
 
 69 
 
 76 
 
 81 
 133 
 
 36 
 41 
 
 57 
 65 
 
 76 
 81 
 112 
 
 77 
 
 Maching mining — chain ma- 
 cliines. 
 Cutting, drilling and load- 
 ing-in rooms 
 
 Inside labor, rates per day. 
 
 trip riders, water liaulers, 
 macliine haulers, timber- 
 men, wiremen and motor- 
 TnpTi 
 
 Tracklayers' helpers 
 
 Trappers 
 
 
 Outside labor, rates per day. 
 First blacksmiths 
 
 Second blacksmiths and car- 
 
 Blacksmiths* helpers, dump- 
 
 Greasers and couplers 
 
 . Mining, rates per ton. 
 Pick mining: 
 
 
 Machine mining — chain ma- 
 chine: 
 
 Cutting and loading-in 
 rooms. 
 
 Thin vein 
 
 Thick vein . . . . 
 
 Inside labor, rates per day. 
 
 Tracklayers, drivers, cagers, 
 trip rope riders, water haul- 
 ers and timbermen 
 
 Tracklayers' helpers 
 
 
 
32 
 
 COAL MINING. 
 
 H 
 
 2 
 
 < 
 
 H 
 
 Pi 
 
 O 
 
 CLi 
 
 § 
 
 
 2 
 
 >— < 
 
 W 
 
 w 
 
 H 
 
 (2 t«' 
 
 
 
 ^2 
 
 t> 
 
 ffi 
 
 H M 
 
 y^ 
 
 Pi 5 
 
 ^< 
 
 n , 
 
 :^ 
 
 ^o 
 
 W w 
 
 J M 
 
 H H 
 
 < < 
 
 r1 J 
 
 5^ 
 
 w - 
 
 o w 
 
 o^ 
 
 ffi 2 
 
 H 
 
 C) < 
 
 5S 
 
 ?r u 
 
 " u 
 
 §o 
 
 J 
 
 <; 
 
 o 
 
 u 
 
 (n 
 
 D 
 
 O 
 
 2 
 
 1—4 
 
 § 
 
 t> 
 
 H 
 
 a 01 H 
 
 O H 
 
 o 5 
 
 3 3 
 
 m 
 
COAL MINING. 
 
 33 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 THE BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 The union wage rates in the building trades have shown, in general, 
 a regular, although moderate, increase during the period from 1911 to 
 1918. During the same period hours of labor have tended to decline, 
 so that the full-time weekly earnings, at the union scale, have increased 
 somewhat less rapidly than the hourly wage. 
 
 Information regarding the trend of union wage rates in the building 
 trades was obtained for three large groups of workers: (1) Union wages 
 for various trades for most of the larger cities of the country, as compiled 
 by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and supplemented by 
 data furnished by union ofScials; (2) Wage rates of building laborers 
 under the scales of the Hod Carriers' and Building Laborers' Union ; 
 and (3) Prevailing wages in the building trades of New York as published 
 by the Building Trades Council of that city. 
 
 A brief analysis of the wage movements in each of these three groups 
 is presented below. 
 
 (1) WAGE RATES IN THE BUILDING TRADES IN VARIOUS 
 
 LARGE CITIES. 
 
 The following table shows the percentage changes in hourly rates, 
 weekly earnings and hours of labor from 1911 to the latter part of 1917 
 for the eight trades for which information of late date could be obtained. 
 For the first five trades listed in the table, such information was avail- 
 able as late as December, 1917; for plasterers and cement workers' 
 finishers, as late as October, 1917; and for carpenters as late as August, 
 1917. The basic data in the case of each trade shown are the averages 
 (unweighted) of the rates and hours for the specified number of cities. 
 
 An accompanying chart shows graphically the wage changes in the 
 building trades, including hod carriers and building labor. 
 
 35 
 
36 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. HOURLY RATES OF PAY IN VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 
 TO DECEMBER, 1917. 
 
 Year 
 
 Rate per hour fcente) 
 6 10 <JD 30 40 6D 60 '0 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 Increase oyer 
 
 1911 
 
 
 Inelde wlremen 
 
 
 1911 
 
 
 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 
 8 
 30 
 
 Plamtere and gae fitters 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 
 10 
 24 
 
 4 
 19 
 
 
 Steam fitters 
 
 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 
 11 
 29 
 
 8 
 23 
 
 
 Structural IroD »orkerB 
 
 
 
 Building lator (mason tending) 
 
 1912 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 
 9 
 
 1917 
 
 
 21 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 37 
 
 CHANGES IN UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN BUILDING TRADES, 
 1911 TO DECEMBER. 1917. 
 
 Occupation. * 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 
 cities 
 
 Hourly rates. 
 
 Weekly 
 
 earnings 
 
 Hours per week. 
 
 Per cent increase 
 Dec. 1917 over 
 
 Per cent increase 
 Dec. 1917 over 
 
 Per cent decrease 
 Dec. 1917 over 
 
 
 repre- 
 sented. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Inside wiremen 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 Plumbers and gasfitters 
 
 37 
 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 31 
 
 29 
 
 16 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Steamfitters 
 
 33 
 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 0.5 
 
 Structural iron workers 
 
 32 
 
 23 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 Carpenters ' 
 
 38 
 
 23 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 Plasterers ^ 
 
 35 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 Cement workers ^ 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 * The 1917 data for this trade are for August. 
 2 The 1917 data for this trade are for October. 
 
 From this table, it appears that inside wiremen received the greatest 
 advance — 30 per cent — in hourly rates between 1911 and 1917 and also 
 the greatest advance — 20 per cent — between 1914 and 1917. At the 
 other extreme, plasterers (with October, 1917, as the last available 
 date) showed advances of only 13 per cent between 1911 and 1917, 
 and of only 7 per cent between 1914 and 1917. 
 
 For each of the trades listed there was a decrease in hours of labor 
 per week of 3 or 4 per cent between 1911 and 1917. 
 
 Below are shown, in detail, the hourly rates and weekly earnings in 
 1911, 1914 and 1917 for each of the eight trades for which information 
 as late as the latter part of 1917 was obtainable. 
 
 For each of these eight trades the prevailing rates are given for several 
 representative cities in various parts of the country. There is also 
 given a brief statement regarding changes in hours of labor between 
 1911 and 1917. The cities listed are not identical for the several trades, 
 as in some cities certain trades were not organized or the information 
 desired was not available. 
 
38 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 INSIDE WIREMEN. 
 
 In December, 1917, inside wiremen in 26 of the 35 cities for which 
 data were obtained had secured a 44 or 44 i^-hour working week as against 
 only 13 with a 44 or 44>^-hour week in 1911. 
 
 During this same period— 1911 to December 1917— the hourly rate 
 of pay for all cities combined increased 30 per cent; but the increases 
 were by no means uniformly distributed among the cities. Thus Rich- 
 mond, Virginia, showed an advance of 63 per cent, while Chicago 
 obtained an advance of only 3 per cent. The details by cities are shown 
 in the table below. 
 
 INSIDE WIREMEN. HOURLY 
 
 RATE 
 
 AND 
 
 WEEKLY EARNINGS 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in 
 
 cents). 
 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 
 70.0 
 65.0 
 
 40 
 15 
 
 27 
 8 
 
 $22.00 
 24.75 
 
 $24.20 
 26.40 
 
 $30.80 
 28.60 
 
 40 
 16 
 
 27 
 8 
 
 New York, N.Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna 
 
 45.0 
 
 45.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 56 
 
 56 
 
 21.60 
 
 19.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 43 
 
 56 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna 
 
 50.0 
 
 57.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 24.00 
 
 27.60 
 
 27.50 
 
 15 
 
 »0.4 
 
 
 43.8 
 30.6 
 75.0 
 55.0 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 75.0 
 60.0 
 
 62.5 
 50.0 
 77.5 
 78.1 
 
 43 
 
 63 
 
 3 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 21.00 
 16.50 
 33.00 
 26.40 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 33.00 
 26.40 
 
 30.00 
 24.00 
 34.10 
 34.36 
 
 43 
 
 45 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 43 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 
 Chicago, III 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 41.5 
 
 50.0 
 
 57.0 
 
 37 
 
 14 
 
 19.92 
 
 24.00 
 
 25.08 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 22 
 
 10 
 
 27.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 30.25 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 45.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 21.60 
 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 56.3 
 43.8 
 
 56.3 
 50.0 
 
 62.5 
 50.0 
 
 11 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 
 24.75 
 21.00 
 
 24.75 
 24.00 
 
 27.50 
 24.00 
 
 11 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 San Francisco, Calif ... . 
 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 75.0 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 33.00 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 62.5 
 48.8 
 
 62.5 
 52.8 
 
 75.0 
 63.4 
 
 20 
 30 
 
 20 
 20 - 
 
 27.50 
 22.63 
 
 27.50 
 23.99 
 
 33.00 
 28.33 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 18 
 
 Average (35 cities 
 listed in Part II) . . . 
 
 1 Decrease. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 39 
 
 PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS. 
 
 Of the 35 cities for which full data for this trade were obtained 13 
 had reduced their hours of labor per week from 48 in 1911 to 44 in 
 December, 1917, while 16 cities had a 44-hour week in both 1911 and 
 1917. The remaining 6 cities had a 48-hour week in 1911 and were still 
 on a 48-hour basis as late as December, 1917, with the exception of In- 
 dianapolis, Ind., which had a 47-hour week in 1911 as compared with 
 44 hours in December 1917. 
 
 Between 1911 and 1917, plumbers and gasfitters, in all the cities 
 combined, received a 24 per cent advance in their average hourly rate 
 of pay. Cleveland showed the greatest advance, 44 per cent, while 
 Seattle, at the other extreme, no more than recovered from a reduction 
 of rates in the intermediate years. The data by cities are as follows: 
 
 PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 1914 
 
 Weelcly earnings, full time. 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 Gasfitters 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna. . 
 Pittsburgh, Penna. . . 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Richmond, Va 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind .... 
 Kansas City, Mo. . . . 
 New Orleans, La ... . 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. . . 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 Gasfitters 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 55.0 
 45.0 
 68.8 
 
 Average (37 cities 
 listed in Part II) . 
 
 56.3 
 50.0 
 46.9 
 68.8 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 65.0 
 55.0 
 68.8 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 62.0 
 
 68.8 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 
 81.3 
 81.3 
 81.3 
 
 69.9 
 
 25 
 
 44 
 
 9 
 
 33 
 13 
 20 
 9 
 44 
 33 
 40 
 11 
 20 
 11 
 
 6 
 18 
 
 9 
 25 
 20 
 13 
 13 
 
 
 30 
 20 
 27 
 11 
 20 
 11 
 
 S24.20 
 21.60 
 30.25 
 
 24.75 
 24.00 
 22.50 
 30.25 
 27.00 
 26.44 
 30.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.00 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 
 27.15 
 
 S28.60 
 24.20 
 30.25 
 22.00 
 27.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 33.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.00 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 27.95 
 
 S30.25 
 28.60 
 33.00 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 24.75 
 27.00 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 30.00 
 
 35.80 
 35.80 
 35.80 
 
 31.06 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 33 
 3 
 20 
 9 
 33 
 25 
 28 
 11 
 20 
 11 
 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 11 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
40 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 SHEET METAL WORKERS. 
 
 In 24 of the 30 cities for which full information was obtained, sheet 
 metal workers were on a 44-hour basis in December 191 7, _ twelve of 
 them having obtained the reduction since 1911. In five cities the 48- 
 hour week was unchanged from 1911 to 1917, while in one city the 
 hours increased from 44 in 1911 to 48 in December 1917. 
 
 Great variations, as between cities, occurred in the wage advances 
 among sheet metal workers from 1911 to 1917. In Cleveland, the 
 increase amounted to 65 per cent, in Philadelphia to 56 per cent, 
 while in Los Angeles and San Francisco the increases were only 10 
 and 9 per cent respectively. 
 
 SHEET METAL WORKERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents) . 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 New York, N. Y. (Man- 
 hattan, Bronx and 
 Brooklyn) 
 
 59.4 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 40.0 
 62.5 
 42.5 
 42.0 
 SCO 
 37.5 
 56.3 
 51.1 
 68.8 
 50.0 
 
 46.7 
 
 62.5 
 50.0 
 55. 
 40.0 
 68.8 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 40.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 68.8 
 62.5 
 
 51.7 
 
 70.0 
 62.5 
 70.0 
 52.5 
 75.0 
 70.0 
 57.5 
 65.0 
 50.0 
 70,0 
 56.3 
 75.0 
 68.8 
 
 60.1 
 
 18 
 56 
 40 
 31 
 20 
 65 
 37 
 30 
 33 
 24 
 10 
 9 
 38 
 
 29 
 
 12 
 25 
 27 
 31 
 
 9 
 56 
 15 
 
 8 
 25 
 24 
 
 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 $26.13 
 19.36 
 24.00 
 19.20 
 27.50 
 20.40 
 20.16 
 24.00 
 18.00 
 24.75 
 24.02 
 30.25 
 22.00 
 
 21.72 
 
 $27.50 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 19.20 
 30.25 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 19.20 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 30.25 
 27.50 
 
 23.44 
 
 $30.80 
 27.50 
 30.80 
 25.20 
 33.00 
 30.80 
 25.30 
 28.60 
 22.00 
 30.80 
 24.75 
 33.00 
 30.25 
 
 27.05 
 
 18 
 42 
 28 
 31 
 20 
 51 
 25 
 19 
 22 
 24 
 3 
 9 
 38 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 25 
 27 
 31 
 
 9 
 43 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 ■ 24 
 
 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna... 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Chicago, 111. (building) . . 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. (bldg.) 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. . . . 
 Seattle, Wash . . . . 
 
 Average (31 cities 
 listed in Part II) . . . 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 41 
 
 STEAMFITTERS 
 
 All but five of the 31 cities for which full information for this trade 
 was obtained were working on a 44-hour basis in December, 1917, 
 13 of these having obtained the reduction since 1911. In the five cities 
 in which the 44-hour week was not in effect, 48 hours was the prevailing 
 time schedule in both 1911 and 1917. 
 
 Every city except one, Seattle, showed an advance in the hourly 
 rates of pay of steamfitters between 1911 and 1917, the advances vary- 
 ing from 50 per cent in Pittsburgh to less than 10 per cent in New York, 
 Chicago and San Francisco. 
 
 STEAMFITTERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Richmond, Va 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. . . . 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. . . . 
 
 New Orleans, La . . . . 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif . . . 
 
 San Francisco, Calif . 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Average {S3 cities 
 listed in Part II) 
 
 50.0 
 68.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 46.9 
 68.8 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 58.3 
 
 50.0 
 68.8 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 60.7 
 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 81.3 
 81.3 
 
 69.5 
 
 38 
 9 
 43 
 50 
 13 
 20 
 9 
 44 
 33 
 20 
 11 
 20 
 11 
 
 38 
 
 9 
 25 
 20 
 13 
 13 
 
 
 30 
 20 
 
 9 
 11 
 20 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 $22.00 
 30.25 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 22.50 
 30.25 
 27.00 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.00 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 
 26.81 
 
 $22.00 
 30.25 
 22.00 
 27.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 33.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 27.33 
 
 $30.25 
 33.00 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 30.00 
 35.80 
 35.80 
 
 30.95 
 
 38 
 9 
 31 
 38 
 13 
 20 
 9 
 33 
 33 
 20 
 11 
 20 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 38 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
42 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS. 
 
 By 1917 the 44-hour week had become almost universal among 
 structural iron workers. Only one — Los Angeles — out of 30 cities had 
 a longer week in December, 1917, 48 hours being the prevailing time 
 schedule in that city. Of the 29 cities now on the 44-hour week, 14 
 had obtained the reduction, from a previous 48 hours, during the period 
 1911 to 1917. 
 
 The advances in the hourly rates of structural iron workers were 
 fairly uniform among the several cities covered, the great majority 
 showing advances between 20 and 25 per cent. Chicago and Kansas 
 City were the only two cities with lesser advances than 20 per cent. 
 
 STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Weekly earnings, f ul I time. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 66.0 
 65.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 60.0 
 
 57.3 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 68.0 
 70.0 
 68.0 
 65.0 
 56.3 
 50.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 
 62.1 
 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 80.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 68.8 
 70.0 
 80.0 
 75.0 
 68.8 
 70.0 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 70.3 
 
 22 
 20 
 42 
 24 
 24 
 22 
 6 
 23 
 25 
 10 
 24 
 25 
 20 
 25 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 20 
 33 
 12 
 12 
 22 
 
 3 
 14 
 10 
 
 6 
 24 
 25 
 
 
 20 
 
 13 . 
 
 «24.75 
 27.50 
 24.75 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 29.04 
 28.60 
 28.80 
 30.00 
 24.75 
 24.00 
 27.50 
 26.40 
 
 26.33 
 
 $27.50 
 27,50 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 24.75 
 29.92 
 30.80 
 29.92 
 28.60 
 24.75 
 24.00 
 33.00 
 27.50 
 
 27.64 
 
 $30.25 
 33.00 
 35.20 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 30.25 
 30.80 
 35.20 
 33.00 
 30.25 
 30.80 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 30.98 
 
 22 
 20 
 42 
 14 
 14 
 12 
 
 6 
 23 
 15 
 
 1 
 24 
 25 
 20 
 25 
 
 18 
 
 10 
 20 
 33 
 12 
 12 
 22 
 
 3 
 14 
 10 
 
 6 
 24 
 25 
 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 New York, N.Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 Denver, Colo .... 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. . . . 
 Seattle, Wash . . . 
 
 Average (32 cities 
 listed in Part 11) . . . 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 43 
 
 CARPENTERS. 
 
 In August, 1917, carpenters in thirty-one of the thirty-eight cities cov- 
 ered were on a 44-hour basis, the reduction in ten cities having been se- 
 cured since 1911. In five cities the 48-hour week remained unchanged 
 during the period 1911 to 1917, and in two southern cities — Atlanta, 
 Ga., and Charleston, South Carolina — the weekly hours remained at 50 
 or more. 
 
 The hourly rates of carpenters, between 1911 and 1917, advanced in 
 all cities but one — Los Angeles. Cleveland was the only city in which 
 the advance exceeded 50 per cent. 
 
 CARPENTERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 
 hourly rate (in 
 
 cents). 
 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Aug. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Aug. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Boston. Mass 
 
 50.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 $22.00 
 
 S24.20 
 
 $28.60 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna .... 
 
 50.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 22.00 
 
 24.20 
 
 26.40 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna 
 
 50.0 
 
 56.3 
 
 71.0 
 
 42 
 
 26 
 
 22.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 31.24 
 
 42 
 
 26 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 35.0 
 43.8 
 
 40.0 
 43.8 
 
 40.0 
 SO.O 
 
 14 
 14 
 
 
 14 
 
 18.90 
 21.00 
 
 20.00 
 19.25 
 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 
 14 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 60.0 
 50.0 
 
 65.0 
 50.0 
 
 70.0 
 62.5 
 
 17 
 25 
 
 8 
 25 
 
 26.40 
 22.25 
 
 28.60 
 22.25 
 
 30.80 
 27.80 
 
 17 
 25 
 
 8 
 25 
 
 Cincinnati, Oiiio 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 45.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 56 
 
 27 
 
 21.60 
 
 24.20 
 
 30.80 
 
 43 
 
 27 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 40.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 57.5 
 
 44 
 
 15 
 
 17.80 
 
 22.25 
 
 25.30 
 
 42 
 
 14 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 55.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 24.20 
 
 26.40 
 
 28.60 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 40.0 
 
 40.0 
 
 45.0 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 19.20 
 
 19.20 
 
 21.60 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 60.0 
 50.0 
 
 60.0 
 50.0 
 
 70.0 
 50.0 
 
 17 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 26.40 
 24.00 
 
 26.40 
 24.00 
 
 30.80 
 24.00 
 
 17 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. . . . 
 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 56.3 
 47.9 
 
 56.3 
 50.8 
 
 70.0 
 59.0 
 
 24 
 23 
 
 24 
 16 
 
 24.75 
 21.96 
 
 24.75 
 23.06 
 
 30.80 
 26.43 
 
 24 
 20 
 
 24 
 15 
 
 Average (38 cities 
 listed in Part II) . . . 
 
44 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 PLASTERERS. 
 
 Four of the thirty-four cities for which full information regarding 
 plasterers was obtained had reduced their working time in this trade 
 to a five-day 40-hour basis, between 1911 and October 1917. During 
 the same period, the working hours in five other cities were reduced 
 from 48 to 44. This made a total of thirty-three cities with a week of 
 44 hours or less in 1917, Atlanta with 53 hours in both 1911 and 1917 
 being the only one of the thirty-four cities with a week in excess of 
 44 hours. 
 
 Plasterers, on the average, received very small wage advances 
 between 1911 and October 1917. In only two cities — New Orleans 
 and Denver — ^was the advance as great as 25 per cent and in five cities 
 the increases were less than 10 per cent. 
 
 PLASTERERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Oct. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 1914 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Oct. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 New York, N. Y. . .. 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna. . . 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. . . . . 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind . . . . 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. . . . 
 
 New Orleans, La ... . 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif . . . 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Average (35 cities 
 listed in Part II) 
 
 1 Decrease. 
 
 65.0 
 68.8 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 45.0 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 50.0 
 68.8 
 62.5 
 87.5 
 75.0 
 
 64.3 
 
 65.0 
 68.8 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 45.0 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 75.0 
 
 67.7 
 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 50.0 
 68.8 
 80.0 
 75.0 
 72.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 87.5 
 62.5 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 
 72.4 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 9 
 12 
 
 9 
 11 
 10 
 
 7 
 20 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 117 
 
 
 17 
 
 $28.60 
 30.25 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 23.85 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 27.50 
 27.81 
 33.00 
 24.00 
 30.25 
 30.00 
 38.50 
 33.00 
 
 28.75 
 
 S28.60 
 30.25 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 23.85 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 27.50 
 28.93 
 33.00 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 33.00 
 
 30.13 
 
 $28.00 
 33.00 
 28.00 
 33.00 
 26.50 
 30.25 
 36.20 
 33.00 
 32.04 
 33.00 
 28.13 
 38.50 
 27.50 
 35.00 
 35.00 
 
 31.67 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 117 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 45 
 
 CEMENT WORKERS. 
 
 In twelve of the sixteen cities for which data for this trade were 
 obtained a 44-hour week had been secured by October, 1917, the reduc- 
 tion in five cases having been obtained since 1911. One city — Indianapo- 
 lis — had secured a reduction from 54 to 50 during the same period, 
 while three cities remained -on the same 48 or 54-hour basis they had 
 been on in 1911. 
 
 Between 1911 and October 1917, the hourly wage rates of cement 
 workers' finishers showed important advances in only three cities — 
 Cleve'and, 40 per cent, Kansas City, 33 per cent and Philadelphia, 
 22 per cent. 
 
 CEMENT WORKERS' FINISHERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Oct. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Oct. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 45.0 
 62.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 68.8 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 
 59.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 47.5 
 65.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 68.8 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 
 59.3 
 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 55.0 
 67.5 
 70.0 
 60.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 68.8 
 
 66.6 
 
 17 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 33 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 $28.80 
 27.50 
 22.28 
 27.50 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 24.75 
 30.25 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 30.00 
 
 27.61 
 
 S27.50 
 27.50 
 22.80 
 28.60 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 28.60 
 30.25 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 30.00 
 
 27.76 
 
 $30.80 
 30.80 
 24.20 
 29.70 
 30.80 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 30.53 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 11 
 
 33 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 6 
 4 
 
 17 
 9 
 
 15 
 9 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. . . . 
 Seattle Wash 
 
 Average (18 cities 
 listed in Part II) . . . 
 
46 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 (2) HOD CARRIERS AND BUILDING LABORERS. 
 
 According to the wage scales of the Hod Carriers, Building and 
 Common Laborers' Union, the hourly rates of pay of this class of labor 
 increased, for the country as a whole, about 20 per cent from 1911 to 
 December, 1917, and about 10 per cent from 1914 to December, 1917. 
 
 The following table, compiled from information furnished by the 
 union, presents the prevailing rates in detail for two of the four occupa- 
 tions recognized by the union — mason tending and plasterer tending — 
 for the years 1912, 1914 and 1917. The rates for 1917 are those pro- 
 vided for in the scale of October and still in force in December of that 
 year. 
 
 The table shows considerable advances in certain cities, such as an 
 advance of 75 per cent in 1917 over 1912 for mason tenders in Youngs- 
 town. In a number of cases, on the other hand, no advances are recorded, 
 and in a few instances actual decreases took place. 
 
 HOD CARRIERS AND BUILDING LABORERS. HOURLY RATE IN VARIOUS CITIES 
 
 1912 TO 1917. 
 
 City. 
 
 Mason tending 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Plaster tending. 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1912 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1912 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1912 
 
 1914 
 
 1912 
 
 1914 
 
 Albany, N. Y 
 
 32.0 
 28. S 
 31.5 
 35.0 
 30.0 
 
 26.0 
 31.3 
 37.5 
 25.0 
 30.0 
 
 25.0 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 42.5 
 37.5 
 30.0 
 
 35.0 
 30.0 
 31.3 
 35.0 
 30.0 
 
 28.0 
 31.0 
 37.5 
 30.0 
 32.0 
 
 25.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 45,0 
 45.0 
 37.5 
 
 40.0 
 37.5 
 41.0 
 42.5 
 40.0 
 
 37.5 
 41.3 
 50.0 
 35.0 
 37.5 
 
 31.3 
 50.0 
 45,0 
 52.5 
 45.0 
 40.0 
 
 25 
 32 
 30 
 21 
 33 
 
 44 
 32 
 33 
 40 
 25 
 
 25 
 33 
 13 
 24 
 20 
 33 
 
 14 
 25 
 31 
 21 
 33 
 
 34 
 33 
 33 
 17 
 17 
 
 25 
 25 
 13 
 17 
 20 
 7 
 
 32.0 
 28.5 
 31.5 
 40.0 
 37.5 
 
 "si'.s 
 
 73.5 
 25.0 
 30.0 
 
 31.3 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 37.5 
 31.3 
 
 40.6 
 
 "i'i'.'s 
 
 35.0 
 
 25.0 
 32.5 
 35.0 
 21.9 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62. S 
 56.3 
 50.0 
 
 37.9 
 
 35.0 
 30.0 
 
 "ii'.s 
 
 37.5 
 
 28.0 
 31.0 
 37.5 
 30.0 
 32.0 
 
 31.3 
 42.5 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 45.0 
 37.5 
 
 "is'.o 
 "ss.o" 
 
 30.0 
 37.5 
 
 ""25!6" 
 56.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 SO.O 
 
 39. S 
 
 40.0 
 37.5 
 41.0 
 50.0 
 45,0 
 
 37.5 
 41.3 
 50.0 
 35.0 
 37.5 
 
 31.3 
 50.0 
 40.0 
 62.5 
 45.0 
 40.0 
 
 50.0 
 25.0 
 43.8 
 35.0 
 
 25 
 32 
 30 
 25 
 20 
 
 "32'" 
 33 
 40 
 25 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 25 
 20 
 28 
 
 23 
 
 "46"" 
 
 
 14 
 
 25 
 
 "is" 
 20 
 
 34 
 33 
 33 
 
 17 
 17 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 "o" 
 
 "'"6"' 
 
 
 Binghamton, N. Y 
 
 Lawrence, Mass 
 
 Port Chester, N. Y 
 
 
 Utica, N. Y 
 
 Washington, D. C 
 
 Decatur, 111 
 
 East St. Louis, 111 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 La Fayette, Ind 
 
 Oshkosh, Wis 
 
 25.0 
 25.0 
 35.0 
 
 25.0 
 
 25.0 
 
 i's'.o 
 
 25.0 
 
 25.0 
 43.8 
 35.0 
 
 25.0 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ " 
 
 
 
 Youngstown, Ohio 
 
 Zanesville, Ohio 
 
 Birmingham, Ala 
 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 28.1 
 62.5 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 44.4 
 
 IS 
 14 
 28 
 25 
 
 13 
 13 
 
 111 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 "'12" 
 12 
 
 13 
 13 
 
 >11 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 Oklahoma City, Okla . . . 
 
 San Antonio, Tex 
 
 Bakersfield, Calif 
 
 Everett, Wash 
 
 30.0 
 21.9 
 40.0 
 
 50.0 
 47.0 
 62.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 34.1 
 
 "solo' 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 37.0 
 
 35.0 
 28.1 
 56.3 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 43.0 
 43.8 
 
 41.3 
 
 17 
 28 
 41 
 
 '12 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 17 
 
 21 
 
 "is " 
 
 112 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 Grand Junction, Colo . . . 
 Helena, Mont 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 
 
 1 Decrease. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 47 
 
 (3) WAGE RATES IN NEW YORK CITY BUILDING 
 TRADES, 1911-1918. 
 
 The prevailing rates of wages in the building trades of New York 
 City were furnished for a period of years by the Building Trades Council 
 of that city. The following table shows the rates thus reported, for the 
 principal building trades, for the years 1911 and 1914 and on January 
 1, 1918. The percentage increases of January 1, 1918, over 1911 
 and 1914 are also indicated. 
 
 BUILDING TRADE WAGES IN NEW YORK CITY— 1911-1918. 
 (Rates per day.) 
 
 Occupation. 
 
 Daily rates. 
 
 1914 
 
 Jan. 1, 
 1918 
 
 Per cent of increase 
 Jan. 1, 1918. over 
 
 Boilermalcers and iron shipbuilders . 
 
 Bricklayers 
 
 Carpenters and f ramers 
 
 Engineers, stationary 
 
 Ironworkers, bronze, metal furniture and 
 metal trim workers 
 
 Metallic Lathers 
 
 Marble carvers 
 
 Mosaic workers 
 
 Machinists of all description 
 
 Plasterers, plain and ornamental. 
 
 Plumbers and gasfitters .^ 
 
 Painters 
 
 Riggers on machinery, dynamos, boilers, 
 etc 
 
 Sheet metal workers, coppersmiths, tin- 
 smiths, metal workers 
 
 Slate and tile roofers 
 
 Steam, hot water and general pipe fitters. 
 Tile layers 
 
 $4.25 
 
 5.00 
 4.50 
 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 4.50 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 5.50 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.75 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 5.00 
 
 $5.00 
 6.00 
 5.00 
 4.50 
 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 6.00 
 4.50 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 5.50 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 5.50 
 
 $5.00 
 7.00 
 5.50 
 5.00 
 
 5.80 
 6.50 
 6.00 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 7.00 
 6.00 
 5.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 5.60 
 6.50 
 6.00 
 6.00 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 16 
 30 
 
 9 
 11 
 10 
 27 
 
 9 
 25 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 
 17 
 10 
 11 
 
 16 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 9 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 PRINTING TRADES AND PAPER MAKERS. 
 
 (1) HAND AND MACHINE COMPOSITORS, ELECTRO- 
 TYPERS AND STEREOTYPERS. 
 
 Wage advances in the several printing trades ranged from 11 to 17 per 
 cent between 1911 and December, 1917. During the same period 
 there were practically no changes in hours of labor. 
 
 The table below shows the percentage changes in hourly rates and 
 weekly earnings from 1911 to December, 1917, for seven important 
 printing trades. The basic data, in the case of each trade shown, are 
 the averages (unweighted) of the rates and earnings for the specified 
 number of cities. 
 
 The accompanying chart shows graphically the changes in hourly 
 rates indicated by the table. 
 
 CHANGES IN UNION RATES IN PRINTING TRADES 1911 TO DECEMBER 1917. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Occupation. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 cities 
 repre- 
 sented. 
 
 Hourly rates. 
 
 Weekly earnings. 
 
 Per cent increase 
 Dec. 1917 over 
 
 Per cent increase 
 Dec. 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Compositors, day (newspapers) 
 
 38 
 27 
 39 
 34 
 25 
 22 
 31 
 
 11 
 11 
 16 
 12 
 17 
 17 
 15 
 
 6 
 6 
 9 
 6 
 11 
 11 
 7 
 
 11 
 11 
 16 
 12 
 17 
 16 
 14 
 
 6 
 6 
 9 
 4 
 11 
 11 
 7 
 
 Linotype operators, day (newspapers) 
 
 Linotype operators (book and job) 
 
 Electrotypers (molders) 
 
 Stereotypers, day (newspapers) 
 
 
 
 The data for the printing trades, as here presented, were obtained 
 from the computations of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, 
 supplemented, for December, 1917, by the wage scales published in the 
 Journals and Bulletins of the Typographical Union and from infor- 
 mation supplied by the Electrotypers' and Stereotypers' Union. 
 
 HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 As the hours of labor in the printing trades underwent very few 
 changes from 1911 to 1918 in the cities covered by this study, this item 
 is not carried in the summary tables presented here. 
 
 Among book and job compositors, in the cities covered, the 48-hour 
 week was everywhere in force in both years. Also among book and 
 job linotypers, the 48-hour week was in force in all but one city in 1917, 
 the one exception having a 45-hour week, and the only change from 
 1911 to 1917 being an increase in one city from 42 to 48 hours. 
 
 In newspaper offices, with both compositors and stereotype operators, 
 the working hours are more variable than book and job work. In both 
 trades, the 48-hour week predominates, with a number of cities on a 
 
 49 
 
50 
 
 PRINTING TRADES. 
 
 45-hour basis and a tendency toward a 42-hour maximum. Since 1911 
 a reduction of hours was secured by compositors in five cities and by 
 linotype operators in two cities. 
 
 Among electrotypers' finishers, the 48-hour week was in force in 
 December, 1917, in sixteen out of twenty-three cities for which full 
 information was obtained. In four cities, hours were reduced between 
 1911 and December, 1917, and in one city hours were increased. In 
 only one city, however, was the working week in excess of 48 hours, 
 and in only two cities were the weekly hours less than 48. 
 
 Among electrotypers' molders the 48-hour week is almost universal, 
 seventeen out of twenty cities being on this basis in December, 1917. 
 Between 1911 and December, 1917, only four changes took place, three 
 being reductions and one an increase. 
 
 The 48-hour week was also almost universal among stereotypers in 
 December, 1917, one of the cities covered having a longer week and 
 only three a shorter week. Only two cities showed a reduction in work- 
 ing time between 1911 and 1917. 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN VARIOUS CITIES. 
 
 The trend of wages in each of the principal printing trades is shown in 
 the following tables in detail for several representative cities in various 
 parts of the country. The cities listed are not identical for the several 
 trades, as for a few cities information for the years desired was not 
 obtainable. 
 
 COMPOSITORS, DAY: NEWSPAPERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 61.0 
 64.4 
 41.7 
 55.0 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 62.0 
 48.4 
 49.0 
 56.3 
 55.0 
 63.3 
 60.0 
 64.4 
 71.4 
 
 51.5 
 
 63.0 
 66.7 
 41.7 
 60.0 
 43.8 
 57.1 
 62.0 
 53.8 
 50.0 
 59.4 
 56.0 
 63.3 
 64.4 
 64.4 
 75.0 
 
 54.1 
 
 68.0 
 71.1 
 45.8 
 61.0 
 43.8 
 61.9 
 66.0 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 57.0 
 63.3 
 66.7 
 69.0 
 78.6 
 
 57.4 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 IS 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 7 
 10 
 2 
 
 8 
 6 
 16 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 $25.62 
 29.00 
 20.00 
 26.40 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 27.90 
 23.25 
 23.50 
 27.00 
 23.38 
 28.50 
 27.00 
 29.00 
 30.00 
 
 23.89 
 
 $26.46 
 30.00 
 20.00 
 27.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 27.90 
 25.80 
 24.00 
 28.50 
 23.80 
 28.50 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 31.50 
 
 24.91 
 
 $28.56 
 32.00 
 22.00 
 27.45 
 21.00 
 26.00 
 29.70 
 30.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 24.23 
 28.50 
 30.00 
 31.00 
 33.00 
 
 26.42 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 7 
 10 
 2 
 
 8 
 6 
 16 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 7 
 S 
 
 6 
 
 New York, N.Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna .... 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. . . . 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Average (38 cities 
 listed in Part 11) .. . 
 
PRINTING TRADES. 
 
 51 
 
 PRINTING TRADES. HOURLY RATES OF PAY IN VARIOUS CITIES, 1911, 
 TO DECEMBER, 1917. 
 
 Tear 
 
 Hate per hour (oents) 
 aO 30 40 
 
 Per Cent of 
 
 Inoreaee OTer 
 
 1911 
 
 Composltore, newspapers (day) 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 
 1917 
 
 .1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 3914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 6 
 16 
 
 e 
 
 1£ 
 
 6 
 17 
 
 E 
 17 
 
 7 
 15 
 
52 PRINTING TRADES. 
 
 LINOTYPE OPERATORS, DAY: NEWSPAPERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly^rate* (in'cents) . 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time 
 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 
 61.0 
 (54.4 
 45.8 
 55.0 
 53.6 
 37.5 
 52.4 
 48.4 
 49.0 
 56.3 
 52.5 
 63.3 
 60.0 
 64.4 
 71.4 
 
 52.3 
 
 63.0 
 66.7 
 45.8 
 60.0 
 57.1 
 41.7 
 54.2 
 53.8 
 50.0 
 59.4 
 53.0 
 63.3 
 64.4 
 64.4 
 75.0 
 
 54.9 
 
 68.0 
 71.1 
 45.8 
 61.0 
 61.9 
 45.8 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 56.5 
 63.3 
 66.7 
 68.9 
 78.6 
 
 58.2 
 
 11 
 10 
 
 
 11 
 15 
 22 
 
 7' 
 29 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 2 
 8 
 10 
 4 
 16 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 7 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 $25.62 
 29.00 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 22.50 
 18.00 
 25.00 
 23.25 
 23.50 
 27.00 
 22.05 
 28.50 
 27.00 
 29.00 
 30.00 
 
 24.15 
 
 $26.46 
 30.00 
 22.00 
 27.00 
 24.00 
 20.00 
 26.00 
 25.80 
 24.00 
 28.50 
 22.26 
 28.50 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 31.50 
 
 25.21 
 
 $28.56 
 32.00 
 22.00 
 27.45 
 26.00 
 22.00 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 23.73 
 28.50 
 30.00 
 31.00 
 33.00 
 
 26.74 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 29 
 
 IS 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 2 
 8 
 10 
 4 
 16 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 7 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna .... 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Richmond, Va 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind'. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 Birmingham, Ala 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 San Francisco, Calif .... 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Average (27 cities 
 listed in Part II) . . . 
 
PRINTING TRADES. 53 
 
 COMPOSITORS, BOOK AND JOB. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 
 Hourly rate (in 
 
 cents) 
 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 
 41.7 
 45.9 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 
 47.9 
 56.3 
 
 15 
 23 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 S20.00 
 22.00 
 
 S21.00 
 24.00 
 
 $23.00 
 27.00 
 
 15 
 23. 
 
 10 
 13 
 
 New York, N.Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna .... 
 
 37.5 
 
 41.7 
 
 43.8 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 18.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna 
 
 37.5 
 
 41.7 
 
 45.8 
 
 22 
 
 10 
 
 18.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 22 
 
 10 
 
 
 34.4 
 37.5 
 46.9 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 50.0 
 41.7 
 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 43.8 
 
 9 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 5 
 
 16.50 
 18.00 
 22.50 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 24.00 
 20.00 
 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 21.00 
 
 9 
 17 
 
 7 
 17 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 
 Cliicago, III 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 39.6 
 
 43.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 19.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 39.6 
 
 41.7 
 
 45.8 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 19.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 41.7 
 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 20.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 52.1 
 41.7 
 
 54.2 
 50.0 
 
 59.4 
 52.1 
 
 14 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 25.00 
 20.00 
 
 26.00 
 24.00 
 
 28.50 
 25.00 
 
 14 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif 
 
 San Francisco, Calif .... 
 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 54.2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 53.1 
 40.4 
 
 53.1 
 43.0 
 
 59.4 
 47.0 
 
 12 
 16 
 
 12 
 9 
 
 25.50 
 19.39 
 
 25.50 
 20.63 
 
 28.50 
 22.58 
 
 12 
 16 
 
 12 
 9 
 
 Average (39 cities 
 listed in Part II) . . . 
 
54 PRINTING TRADES. 
 
 LINOTYPE OPERATORS, BOOK AND JOB. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 1914 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1917 
 
 $23.00 
 
 $25.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 28.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 23.00 
 
 24,00 
 
 26.00 
 
 22.50 
 
 22.50 
 
 22.50 
 
 24.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 25.80 
 
 30.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 26.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 28.50 
 
 29.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 31.50 
 
 33.00 
 
 29.00 
 
 31.20 
 
 24.92 
 
 25.99 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna. 
 Pittsburgh, Penna. . . 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. . . . 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind . . . . 
 Kansas City, Mo. . . . 
 New Orleans, La . . . . 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. . . 
 
 Portland, Ore 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 45.8 
 48.4 
 48.9 
 53.1 
 53,3 
 53.1 
 56.3 
 65.6 
 
 47.9 
 54.2 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 52.1 
 53.8 
 50.0 
 55.2 
 53.3 
 54.2 
 60.4 
 65.6 
 64.4 
 
 52.1 
 58.3 
 47.9 
 54.2 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 54.2 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 57.3 
 53.3 
 59.4 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 65.0 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 29 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 $22.00 
 24.00 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 22.00 
 23.25 
 23.50 
 25.50 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 27.00 
 31.50 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 29 
 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 7 
 4 
 16 
 13 
 4 
 
 10 
 3 
 5 
 g 
 
 Average (34 cities 
 listed in Part 11) . 
 
 48.5 51.3 54.3 
 
PRINTING TRADES. 
 ELECTROTYPERS, FINISHERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 55 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 New York, N.Y.... 
 Philadelphia, Penna. 
 Pittsburgh. Penna. . . 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. . . . 
 Kansas City, Mo, . . . 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Portland, Ore 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 46.9 
 62.5 
 41.7 
 41.2 
 45. 8 
 
 Average {25 cities 
 listed in Part II). 
 
 45.8 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 43.6 
 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 47.9 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 43.8 
 52.1 
 44.8 
 45.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 52.5 
 68.8 
 54.2 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 47,9 
 58.2 
 52,1 
 50,0 
 50,0 
 47,9 
 59.3 
 52.1 
 
 12 
 10 
 30 
 11 
 9 
 
 27 
 25 
 14 
 14 
 
 9 
 19 
 
 
 
 5 
 10 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 9 
 12 
 16 
 
 9 
 14 
 
 9 
 19 
 
 
 
 S22.50 
 27.50 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 $24.00 
 27.50 
 23.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 21.00 
 25.00 
 21.50 
 22.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 S2S.20 
 30.25 
 26.00 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 23.00 
 28.00 
 25.00 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 23.00 
 28.50 
 25.00 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 25 
 
 5 
 14 
 10 
 19 
 
 
 
 5 
 10 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 
 10 
 12 
 16 
 
 
 14 
 10 
 19 
 
 
 
 46.1 51.1 
 
 20.87 22,00 24.34 
 
 ELECTROTYPERS, MOLDERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna. 
 Pittsburgh, Penna. . . 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind . . . . 
 Kansas City, Mo. . . . 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Portland, Ore 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Average (22 cities 
 listed in Part II) . 
 
 Hourly rate' (in cents). 
 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 45.8 
 47.6 
 45.8 
 
 52.1 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 43.8 
 52.1 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 46.2 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 52.1 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 45.8 
 56.3 
 52.1 
 47.9 
 43.8 
 52.1 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 48.7 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 52.5 
 68.8 
 58.4 
 52.1 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 60.4 
 56.3 
 52.3 
 50.0 
 54.2 
 59.3 
 62,5 
 
 54.2 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 29 
 14 
 14 
 4 
 19 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 $24.00 
 27.50 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 
 25.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 21.00 
 25.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 22.23 
 
 S24.00 
 27.50 
 25.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 27.00 
 25.00 
 23.00 
 21.00 
 25.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 23.25 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 $25.20 
 30.25 
 28.00 
 25.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 29.00 
 27.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 26,00 
 28.50 
 30.00 
 
 25.89 
 
 11 time 
 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 29 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
56 
 
 PRINTING TRADES. 
 
 STEREOTYPERS, DAY WORK: NEWSPAPERS. HOURLY RATE AND WEEKLY 
 
 EARNINGS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1917 
 
 Weekly earnings, full time. 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 
 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase Dec. 
 
 1917 over 
 
 1911 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 New York, N.Y... 
 
 Philadelphia, Penna. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penna. . . 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind . . . . 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. . . . 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Portland. Ore 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Average (31 cities 
 listed in Part II) 
 
 57.1 
 56. 3 
 40.6 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 58.1 
 46.9 
 43.8 
 SO.O 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 64.3 
 
 59.5 
 62. S 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 46,9 
 46.9 
 56.3 
 SO.O 
 46.9 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56. 3 
 67.9 
 
 46.5 49.9 
 
 64.3 
 62.5 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 46.9 
 52.1 
 56.3 
 58.1 
 50.0 
 59.4 
 58.7 
 59.3 
 76.4 
 
 53.3 
 
 13 
 11 
 
 8 
 14 
 
 7 
 19 
 —3 
 24 
 14 
 19 
 11 
 12 
 19 
 
 IS 
 
 8 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 16 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 S 
 
 13 
 
 $24.00 
 27.00 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 27.00 
 22.50 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 27.00 
 
 21.99 
 
 $25.00 
 30.00 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 27.00 
 24.00 
 22.50 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 
 23.52 
 
 $27.00 
 30.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 27.00 
 27.90 
 24.00 
 28.50 
 28.25 
 28.50 
 32.10 
 
 25.16 
 
 13 
 11 
 
 8 
 14 
 
 7 
 19 
 
 
 24 
 14 
 19 
 11 
 12 
 19 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 16 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 
 13 
 
PRINTING TRADES. 
 
 57 
 
 (2) WAGE RATES OF PAPER MAKERS, 1912-1918. 
 
 From the information available it appears that between 1914 and 
 January. 1, 1918, union paper makers in the newspaper branch of the 
 industry obtained increases in hourly rates of pay varying from 19 to 
 44 per cent according to occupation and mills. This conclusion is 
 based- upon an analysis of the union wage scales of 1914 and 1916, 
 supplemented by data regarding voluntary increases made in 1917 by 
 certain paper manufacturers. 
 
 The principal occupations in the industry are: machine tenders, 
 back tenders, third hands and beater engineers. For wage fixing each 
 of these occupations is divided into several classes. For the purpose of 
 indicating trend of wage rates, an average of the several classes in each 
 occupation offers a fair although crude measure. 
 
 Such averages are given in the following table for the scales of 1914 
 and 1916. The 1916 scale was drawn to run for two years, but with 
 the great increase of living costs in 1917 most manufacturers seem to 
 have granted important wage advances upon the rates fixed in the 
 scale. The table shows the effect of such supplementary advances for 
 three groups of mills down to January 1, 1918. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF PAPER MAKERS (NEWSPAPER BRANCH) 19U-1918. 
 
 
 Hourly rates. 
 
 Machine 
 tender. 
 
 Back 
 tender. 
 
 Third 
 hands. 
 
 Beater 
 
 engineers. 
 
 
 55.7 
 60.2 
 
 66.2 
 68.2 
 
 72.8 
 
 42.8 
 47.2 
 
 51.9 
 55.2 
 58.5 
 
 31.0 
 34.5 
 
 37.9 
 42.5 
 44.6 
 
 43.5 
 47.9 
 
 53.7 
 55.9 
 58.4 
 
 
 Average rates on January 1, 1918, after ad- 
 vances made by three groups of mills. 
 
 Group A. Flat 10 per cent 
 
 
 Group C. 6 cents plus 10 per cent 
 
 Per cent of increase, January 1, 1918, over 
 1914 
 
 31 
 
 36 
 
 44 
 
 32 
 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 The union wage statistics collected by the Massachusetts Bureau of 
 Statistics, covering as they do a large number of smaller cities and 
 towns, form an interesting supplement to the data presented in previous 
 sections of this volume and which are limited, for the most part, to the 
 large cities of the country. In the following table are shown the hourly 
 rates and weekly earnings for selected trades, the entries being the aver- 
 ages (unweighted) of the various cities and towns for which the statistics 
 were available for the years shown. Boston is omitted from all the 
 tabulations. The data for July 1, 1917, were furnished by the Bureau 
 in advance of publication. 
 
 59 
 
60 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS CITIES AND TOWNS. AVERAGE HOURLY RATE 
 AND WEEKLY EARNINGS. 
 
 (The city of Boston is not included.) 
 
 Occupation. 
 
 Hourly rate (in cents). 
 
 July, 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase July 
 
 1917 over 
 
 Weekly earnings, (ull time. 
 
 July 
 1917 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 increase July 
 
 1917 over 
 
 Building trades: 
 
 Building laborers and 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Bricklayers 
 
 Carpenters 
 
 Decorators 
 
 Granite cutters 
 
 Inside wiremen 
 
 Lathers 
 
 Painters, house 
 
 Paper hangers 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 Sheet metal workers. 
 
 Steamfitters 
 
 Stonemasons 
 
 Metal trades: 
 
 Buffers 
 
 Coremakers 
 
 Molders 
 
 Printing trades: 
 
 Compositors, book and 
 job, day work.. . 
 
 Compositors, newspa' 
 pers, day work 
 
 Compositors, newspa- 
 pers, night work 
 
 Printing pressmen, cyl- 
 inder 
 
 Printing pressmen, job. 
 
 Food manufacture: 
 
 Bakers (foremen) 
 
 Bakers (second hands) 
 
 Bakers (third hands).. 
 
 Fish handlers and 
 splitters | 
 
 36.0 
 59.2 
 44.2 
 40. S 
 40.4 
 40.3 
 49.3 
 40.2 
 39.1 
 60.4 
 48.9 
 47.9 
 47.2 
 57.0 
 
 34.1 
 34.4 
 32.3 
 
 34.7 
 
 37.5 
 
 43.8 
 
 40.6 
 33.4 
 
 32.9 
 28.9 
 26.0 
 
 39.3 
 62.0 
 47.0 
 43.1 
 42.1 
 44.0 
 52.5 
 42.6 
 42.3 
 62.5 
 51.7 
 49.6 
 50.3 
 59.2 
 
 31.7 
 34.5 
 
 45.0 
 66.6 
 54.6 
 49.0 
 50.0 
 51.2 
 61.9 
 49.2 
 48.9 
 67.2 
 59. 2 
 54.4 
 59.3 
 65.1 
 
 43.0 
 45.8 
 
 34.6 
 
 45.3 
 
 36.6 
 
 38.9 
 
 41.7 
 
 43.8 
 
 48.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 41.2 
 
 43.8 
 
 35.4 
 
 36. 8 
 
 35.2 
 
 41.7 
 
 31.7 
 
 36.6 
 
 28.9 
 
 33.8 
 
 32.5 
 
 35.5 . 
 
 25 
 13 
 24 
 21 
 24 
 27 
 26 
 22 
 25 
 11 
 21 
 14 
 26 
 14 
 
 26 
 33 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 27 
 27 
 30 
 
 15 
 7 
 16 
 14 
 19 
 16 
 18 
 15 
 16 
 8 
 IS 
 10 
 18 
 10 
 
 36 
 33 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 18 
 IS 
 17 
 
 $15.84 
 27.09 
 20.23 
 18.76 
 18.74 
 18.80 
 22.13 
 18.12 
 17.80 
 27.44 
 22.25 
 21.94 
 21.58 
 26.17 
 
 $17.29 
 28.04 
 21.20 
 19.16 
 18.80 
 19.84 
 24.10 
 18.91 
 18.86 
 28.11 
 23.09 
 22.73 
 22.32 
 26.87 
 
 18.38 17.10 
 
 18.60 
 18.00 
 
 16.63 
 
 18.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 19. SO 
 16.00 
 
 19.25 
 16.00 
 14.75 
 
 19.13 
 
 19.00 24.50 
 
 17.50 
 
 20.00 
 
 23.00 
 
 19.75 
 17.00 
 
 19. SO 
 17.50 
 16.00 
 
 $19.44 
 29.54 
 23.96 
 21.56 
 22.00 
 22.51 
 27.83 
 21.52 
 21.69 
 29.04 
 26.03 
 24.43 
 26.06 
 28.62 
 
 23,22 
 24.77 
 
 18.64 
 
 21.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 21.00 
 17.67 
 
 22.50 
 19.75 
 18.25 
 
 18.60 I 19.17 
 
 23 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 19 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 21 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 33 
 36 
 
 12 
 
 IT 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 17 
 23 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 S 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 IS 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 36 
 29 
 29 
 
 7 
 S 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 13 
 14 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF STREET RAILWAY EMPLOYEES. 
 
 As part of the present study the wage rates of motormen and con- 
 ductors on street railways were compiled, from trade and labor publi- 
 cations, for 109 cities for the years 1912 to 1917. In every case the 
 rates obtained for 1917 are believed to have been those in force as 
 late as December of that year. According to the Federal Census Reports 
 there were 282,461 persons employed by electric street railways, urban 
 and interurban, in the United States in 1912. 
 
 The unit of payment is almost invariably the hour. A few com- 
 panies pay a flat rate irrespective of length of service, but the great 
 majority of them employ a wage system under which wages are in- 
 creased automatically from time to time according to length of service. 
 Because of this system it is very difficult to compare the rates in one city 
 with those in another. 
 
 For practical purposes, however, the use of the maximum hourly 
 rate, irrespective of the time necessary to obtain the maximum, brings 
 out fairly well the difference between cities and the changes from year 
 to year. This is done in the table below, which shows the hourly rates 
 in 1912, 1914 and 1917 for a representative group of cities. At the bot- 
 tom of the table, there are given the averages (unweighted) for all of 
 the city railway systems listed in Part II of this study. Unless other- 
 wise indicated, the rates of pay of motormen and conductors are the 
 same. The accompanying chart shows graphically the changes in 
 certain representative cities. 
 
 The table indicates that the average maximum wages of motormen 
 and conductors in all cities was 18 per cent higher in 1917 than in 1911 
 and 15 per cent higher in 1917 than in 1911. 
 
 Information was not available regarding hours of labor of motor- 
 men and conductors. The system of hours followed in street car ope- 
 ration is of extreme complication owing to the attempt to adjust work- 
 ing hours to traffic conditions. Usually the regular day is 9 or 10 hours. 
 Overtime is not customarily paid for, although in a few instances pro- 
 vision is made for overtime payment. 
 
 61 
 
62 
 
 STREET RAILWAY EMPLOYEES. 
 
 HOURLY RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS IN SELECT- 
 ED CITIES, 1912 AND 1917. 
 
 Year 
 
 Rate per hour foeots) 
 10 20 30 40 
 
 50 
 
 1912 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 191T 
 
 1912 
 1917 
 
 Boston, surface lines 
 
 Brooklyn, sarfaoo lines 
 
 Brooklyn, elevated (motormen) 
 
 Philadelpbia, surface lines 
 
 1912 
 1917 
 
 191E 
 1917 
 
 Fltts1>urgh 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 Increase over 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 36 
 
 21 
 
 17 
 
 2E 
 
 17 
 
STREET RAILWAY EMPLOYEES. 
 
 63 
 
 HOURLY RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS IN SELECT- 
 ED CITIES, 1912 AND 1917.— Continued. 
 
 Year^ 
 
 Bate per hour 
 10 20 30 
 
 (cents) 
 
 40 60 60 
 
 Per cent of 
 
 Increase over 
 
 1912 
 
 
 Hew Orleans 
 
 
 
 1912 1 
 
 ^■IHHiHI 
 
 
 
 1917 1 
 
 Chicago, surface llnee 
 
 
 2 
 
 191S 1 
 1917 1 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 III 
 
 Detroit 
 
 
 1912 1 
 1917 1 
 
 1912 1 
 1917 1 
 
 
 
 26 
 19 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 Butte, UOEt. 
 
 
 
 ^^^1 
 
 
 
 
 ^BBBHl 
 
 San Francisco {municipal} 
 
 
 1912 1 
 1917 1 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 17 
 
 
 IBH 
 
 Average (120 rallwajs) 
 
 
 1912 1 
 
 ^H^H^^^HI 
 
 
 
 1917 1 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
64 STREET RAILWAY EMPLOYEES. 
 
 MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS. HOURLY RATE OF PAY IN VARIOUS CITIES. 
 
 City. 
 
 Number 
 of years 
 to reach 
 maximum 
 rate in 
 1917 
 
 Maximum hourly rate 
 (in cents). 
 
 1912 
 
 1914 
 
 Dec. 1917 
 
 Per cent of increase 
 Dec. 1917 over 
 
 1912 
 
 1914 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 Elevated Railway Co., 
 
 Surface lines 
 
 Elevated lines: 
 
 Motormen 
 
 Conductors 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y 
 
 Lowell, Mass 
 
 New Haven, Conn 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 Brooklyn Rapid Transit Co. 
 
 Surface lines 
 
 Elevated lines: 
 
 Motormen 
 
 Conductors 
 
 Philadelphia, Penn. 
 
 Rapid Transit Company. 
 
 Surface lines 
 
 Elevated lines: 
 
 Motormen 
 
 Conductors 
 
 Pittsburgh, Penn 
 
 Providence, R. I 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y 
 
 Trenton, N. J 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Charleston, S. C 
 
 Galveston, Tex 
 
 Lexington, Ky 
 
 Little Rock, Ark 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Surface lines 
 
 Elevated lines: 
 
 Motormen (all except 
 northwestern divi- 
 sion) 
 
 Conductors 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa 
 
 Detroit, Mich 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 Madison, Wis 
 
 Butte, Mont 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 San Francisco, Calif 
 
 Municipal Railways 
 
 United Railroads 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Average (120 railways 
 listed in Part II) . . .. 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 Flat rate 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 S 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 Flat rate 
 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Flat rate 
 10 
 4 
 
 4J^ 
 
 28.9 
 
 29.0 
 28.0 
 27.5 
 
 35.0 
 24.0 
 
 30.0 
 
 24.0 
 24.0 
 30.0 
 28.5 
 26.5 
 26.0 
 23.0 
 21.0 
 25.0 
 20.0 
 25.0 
 24.0 
 
 32.0 
 
 34.0 
 
 27.0 
 
 27.0 
 
 30.0 
 
 28.0 
 
 32.0 
 
 25.0 
 
 24.0 
 
 45.0- 
 
 33.0 
 
 37.5 
 
 '32.0' 
 
 31.3 
 
 33.0 
 28.0 
 30.0 
 28.0 
 27.5 
 
 28.0 
 
 37.5 
 25.0 
 
 30.0 
 
 33.0 
 30.0 
 30.0 
 28.5 
 28.5 
 26.0 
 25.0 
 21.0 
 25.0 
 20.0 
 25.0 
 24.0 
 
 32.0 
 
 34.0 
 27.0 
 27.0 
 30.0 
 29.0 
 32^0 
 27.0 
 24.0 
 45.0 
 33.0 
 
 37.5 
 35.0 
 32.0 
 
 34.8 
 
 36.8 
 31.3 
 33.0 
 33.0 
 32.0 
 
 42.5 
 28.0 
 
 35.0 
 
 38.0 
 35.0 
 37.5 
 34.0 
 30.0 
 29.0 
 27.0 
 28.0 
 30.0 
 22.5 
 32.0 
 24.5 
 
 39.0 
 
 41.0 
 34.0 
 30.0 
 35.0 
 32.0 
 40.0 
 30.0 
 28.0 
 53.5 
 37.0 
 
 43.8 
 42.0 
 32.0 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 18 
 16 
 
 21 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 58 
 46 
 25 
 19 
 13 
 12 
 17 
 33 
 20 
 13 
 28 
 2 
 
 21 
 26 
 11 
 17 
 14 
 25 
 20 
 17 
 19 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 12 
 10 
 18 
 16 
 
 13 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 17 
 25 
 19 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 8 
 33 
 20 
 13 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 21 
 26 
 11 
 17 
 10 
 25 
 11 
 17 
 19 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 WAGE RATES OF LONGSHOREMEN AT THE PORT OF 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 The union rates of pay per hour of longshoremen engaged in foreign 
 trade at the Port of New York advanced from 33 cents to 50 cents per 
 hour between 1911 and the latter part of 1917. This represents an 
 increase of approximately 50 per cent. During the same period, maxi- 
 mum hours per day were reduced from 10 to 9 hours. 
 
 The number of longshoremen in New York City and vicinity has been 
 variously estimated at from 40,000 to 60,000, o which number perhaps 
 half are engaged in handling foreign commerce. Because of the impor- 
 tance of New York harbor as a port of entry, the number of longshoremen 
 employed there is probably as great as the total number employed at 
 all other American ports. 
 
 The following table shows the detailed union wage scales of the group 
 of New York longshoremen referred to, as in force in 1912, 1916 and 
 December 1917. The rates given are for New York harbor alone, but 
 the existing union rates at other Atlantic ports are reported as being 
 identical with those for New York. Wage rates on the Pacific coast 
 tend to be slightly higher than those for the Atlantic coast. 
 
 LONGSHOREMEN, NEW YORK, UNION WAGE RATES. 
 
 Rates per hour. 
 
 1912 
 
 1916 
 
 Per cent of increase 
 Dec. 1917 over 
 
 Day 
 
 Night... 
 Sundays 
 
 $0.33 
 .50 
 .60 
 
 $0.40 
 .60 
 .80 
 
 $0.50 
 
 .75 
 
 1.00 
 
 52 
 50 
 67 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 
 65 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 TREND OF EARNINGS IN VARIOUS MANUFACTURING 
 
 INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Statistics regarding amount of payroll and number of persons em- 
 ployed in certain important manufacturing industries are compiled 
 monthly by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and published 
 in its Monthly Review. For seven industries such information is com- 
 plete from January 1, 1915, to December 1917. These industries are: 
 boots and shoes, cotton manufacturing, cotton finishing, hosiery and 
 underwear, woolen, silk, and iron and steel. 
 
 The number of persons employed means, in each case, the number of 
 persons on the payroll during the payroll period reported upon. It is 
 thus not a true measure of actual employment and the amount of the 
 payroll divided by the number of persons on the payroll does not give 
 true per capita earnings. Nevertheless, per capita earnings so derived 
 do show in a rough way the general trend of earnings. This is particu- 
 larly so for a period such as the one here covered when the changes have 
 been so violent as to render minor errors relatively unimportant. More- 
 over, this compilation constitutes the only available source of iaforma- 
 tion regarding the trend of wages or earnings during recent years in 
 most of these very important industries. 
 
 Below are shown, for each of the industries mentioned, by six month 
 intervals, the index numbers of employment, total payroll and per 
 capita earnings compiled in- the manner described above, with January 
 1, 1915, as the base (100.) The index numbers for per capita earnings, to 
 repeat, are obtained by dividing the index number for total payroll by 
 the index number for employment. The accompanying diagram shows 
 graphically the trend of per capita earnings for four of these industries. 
 
 (1) IRON AND STEEL 
 
 Per capita earnings, as well as amount of employment and amount 
 of payroll, show a more rapid advance in the iron and steel industry 
 than in any of the other industries covered by the compilations in the 
 Monthly Review of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Between January, 
 1915, and December, 1917 employment increased 82 per cent, payroll 
 235 per cent and per capita earnings 84 per cent. The rapid upward 
 movement began about the middle of 1915 and continued almost 
 steadily. The increases in per capita earnings are partly the result of 
 increased working hours but are largely due to the series of wage advances 
 in 1916 and 1917, which are described in another section. 
 
 IRON AND STEEL: EMPLOYMENT, PAYROLL AND PER CAPITA EARNINGS. 
 
 Index numbers. 
 [January, 1915=100] 
 
 Number of 
 
 employees on 
 
 payroll. 
 
 Amount of 
 
 Per capita 
 
 payroll. 
 
 earmngs. 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 121 
 
 103 
 
 162 
 
 120 
 
 181 
 
 12J 
 
 246 
 
 150 
 
 267 
 
 153 
 
 335 
 
 184 
 
 January, 1915. . 
 
 July, 191S 
 
 January, 1916. . 
 
 July, 1916 
 
 January, 1917.. 
 
 July, 1917 
 
 December, 1917 
 
 66 
 
 100 
 117 
 135 
 149 
 
 164 
 175 
 182 
 
EARNINGS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 
 
 67 
 
68 
 
 EARNINGS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 
 
 (2) BOOTS AND SHOES. 
 
 Between January 1915 and December, 1917, per capita earnings in 
 the boot and shoe industry increased some 77 per cent, but the marked 
 advances occurred only during the last 14 months of the period. 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES: EMPLOYMENT, PAYROLL AND PER CAPITA EARNINGS. 
 
 Index numbers. 
 [January, 1915 = 100.1 
 
 Number of 
 
 employees on 
 
 payroll. 
 
 Amount of 
 payroll. 
 
 Per capita 
 earnings. 
 
 January, 1915. . 
 
 July, 1915 
 
 January, 1916. . 
 
 July, 1916 
 
 January, 1917. . 
 
 July, 1917 
 
 December, 1917 
 
 100 
 93 
 lU 
 114 
 123 
 117 
 
 lis 
 
 100 
 91 
 125 
 125 
 157 
 153 
 203 
 
 100 
 98 
 110 
 110 
 128 
 131 
 177 
 
 (3) COTTON INDUSTRY. 
 
 During 1915 the per capita earnings of employees in both cotton 
 manufacturing and cotton finishing showed little change. With 1916, 
 there appears an upward tendency which continued throughout the 
 period covered by the compilation here dealt with. In December, 1917, 
 per capita earnings were 65 per cent higher in cotton manufacturing 
 than they were in January, 1915, and, in cotton finishing, the percentage 
 increase for the same period was 53 per cent. 
 
 COTTON INDUSTRY: EMPLOYMENT, PAYROLL AND PER CAPITA EARNINGS. 
 
 
 Index numbers. [January 1915 = 100.] 
 
 Cotton manufacturing. 
 
 Cotton finishing. 
 
 Number of 
 employees 
 on payroll. 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 payroll. 
 
 Per 
 
 capita 
 earnings. 
 
 Number of 
 employees 
 on payroll. 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 payroll. 
 
 Per 
 
 capita 
 
 earnings . 
 
 January, 1915 
 
 July, 1915 
 
 100 
 101 
 99 
 100 
 100 
 99 
 99 
 
 100 
 101 
 102 
 114 
 123 
 137 
 163 
 
 100 
 100 
 103 
 114 
 123 
 138 
 165 
 
 100 
 109 
 118 
 113 
 117 
 111 
 118 
 
 100 
 105 
 124 
 133 
 152 
 153 
 181 
 
 100 
 96 
 105 
 118 
 130 
 138 
 153 
 
 January, 1916 
 
 July, 1916 
 
 January, 1917 
 
 July, 1917 
 
 December, 1917 
 
I£ARXIXC;S I.\ VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 
 
 69 
 
 (4) WOOLEN MANUFACTURING AND KNIT GOODS 
 
 Per capita earnings in woolen manufacturing followed almost the 
 same course as in the cotton industry. After a period of depressed 
 earnings in 1915, an advance began which continued, with fluctuations, 
 until in December, 1917, per capita earnings were 70 per cent higher 
 than in January, 1915. 
 
 In the hosiery and underwear industry, the increase in per capita 
 earnings from January, 1915, to December, 1917, was more regular 
 than in the woolen industry but the maximum increase was somewhat 
 less, 57 per cent. 
 
 WOOLEN MANUFACTURING AND KNIT GOODS: EMPLOYMENT, PAYROLL AND PER 
 
 CAPITA EARNINGS. 
 
 
 Index numbers. [January, 1915 =100.] 
 
 Woolen manufacturing. 
 
 Hosiery and underwear. 
 
 Number of 
 employees 
 on payroll. 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 payroll. 
 
 Per 
 
 capita 
 
 earnings. 
 
 Number of 
 employees 
 on payroll. 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 payroll. 
 
 Per 
 
 capita 
 
 earnings. 
 
 January, 1915 
 
 July 1915 
 
 100 
 105 
 114 
 llfl 
 122 
 119 
 127 
 
 100 
 98 
 124 
 136 
 163 
 173 
 216 
 
 100 
 93 
 109 
 117 
 134 
 145 
 170 
 
 100 
 110 
 115 
 119 
 123 
 121 
 125 
 
 100 
 118 
 132 
 135 
 160 
 166 
 196 
 
 100 
 107 
 
 lis 
 
 113 
 130 
 137 
 157 
 
 January, 1916 
 
 July, 1916 
 
 January, 1917 
 
 July, 1917 
 
 December, 1917 
 
 (5) SILK 
 
 The silk industry, probably because the war made no special demand 
 for its products, shows the least advances in per capita earnings of any 
 of the industries covered by this compilation. Nevertheless, per capita 
 earnings of silk employees in December, 1917, were 40 per cent higher 
 than in January, 1915. 
 
 SILK INDUSTRY: EMPLOYMENT, PAYROLL AND PER CAPITA EARNINGS. 
 
 January, 1915.. 
 
 July, 1915 
 
 January, 1916 . . 
 
 July, 1916 
 
 January, 1917. . 
 
 July, 1917 
 
 December, 1917 
 
 Index numbers. 
 [January, 1915 = 100.) 
 
 Number of 
 
 employees on 
 
 payroll. 
 
 100 
 97 
 109 
 110 
 109 
 102 
 96 
 
 Amount of 
 
 Per capita 
 
 payroll. 
 
 earnings. 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 103 
 
 106 
 
 120 
 
 110. 
 
 120 
 
 109 
 
 134 
 
 123 
 
 128 
 
 125 
 
 134 
 
 140 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 TREND OF EARNINGS IN NEW YORK AND 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 (1) AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN NEW YORK STATE. 
 
 The average weekly earnings of employees in the manufacturing 
 industries of New York State are published monthly by the Bulletin 
 of the Bureau of Statistics of the State Industrial Commission. These 
 figures are based upon returns from a large number of employers giving 
 total employment and total payroll in their establishments. The 
 returns cover more than one-third of the factory workers in the State. 
 
 The figures as compiled show that the average weekly earnings, 
 for the State as a whole, were $12.70 in June, 1914, and $17.69 in Novem- 
 ber, 1917, an advance of 39 per cent. By semi-annual periods, the 
 average earnings were as shown in the following table. The same data 
 are charted in the accompanying diagram. 
 
 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN FACTORIES IN NEW YORK STATE. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Average weekly 
 earnings. 
 
 Index numbers. 
 [June 1914 = 100] 
 
 June, 1914 
 
 $12.70 
 12.56 
 12.81 
 13.49 
 14.43 
 15.53 
 16.20 
 17.69 
 
 100 
 99 
 101 
 106 
 114 
 122 
 128 
 139 
 
 December, 1914 
 
 June, 1915 
 
 December, 1915 
 
 June, 1916 
 
 December, 1916 
 
 June, 1917 
 
 November, 1917 
 
 INFLUENCE OF INCREASED WORKING HOURS ON 
 EARNINGS. 
 
 The earnings of an employee are, of course, dependent upon the amount 
 of time worked. With the increased activity in many lines of industry 
 during the past two years, the average earnings per worker would tend 
 to increase because of longer hours worked. The influence of this factor, 
 however, is apparently much less than has usually been supposed. 
 Mr. Leonard W. Hatch, chief statistician of the New York Bureau of 
 Statistics, estimates that the hours of labor for the employees covered 
 in the table below increased, for certain trades at least, less than 2 per 
 cent between 1915 and 1917. This estimate was made after a special 
 study of the working hours in certain plants. 
 
 70 
 
IiARNINC;s IN MCW YORK AND MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 71 
 
 
 •»»o 
 
 ■d.S 
 •Sot 
 •t"f 
 
 •3.1 
 
 •"« 
 
 -*30 
 
 •1.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 N 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 •mf 
 
 *«H 
 ■jdT 
 
 ■inn 
 
 •H"J 
 
 >mr 
 
 •OBO 
 •AOP 
 
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 •JdT 
 •I8W 
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 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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72 
 
 EARNINGS IN NEW YORK AND MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 (2) AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Interesting aitd valuable data regarding wages and earnings are 
 furnished in the accident reports made under the various state com- 
 pensation laws. As the amount of compensation is almost always based 
 upon the wage of the injured person, each accident report must give a 
 statement of the wages received. The' only state for which these records 
 were readily available over a period of years is Massachusetts, for which 
 data exist for a five-year period, from June 30, 1913, to June 30, 1917. 
 The following table gives the average weekly wage or earnings of all the 
 injured persons reported upon for each of these five years. The figures 
 for 1916 and 19^17 were furnished by the Massachusetts Industrial 
 Accident Board from tabulations not yet published. The method of 
 computing the averages here used is explained in a later chapter. 
 
 AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGE (MEDIAN) IN MASSACHUSETTS AS SHOWN ON ACCIDENT 
 REPORTS TO INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT BOARD. 
 
 Year ending June 30. 
 
 Number of 
 accidents. 
 
 Average 
 weelcJy wage. 
 
 Relative 
 
 (year ending 
 
 June 30, 1913 
 
 = 100.) 
 
 Percentage of 
 
 increase, 1917 
 
 over 1913. 
 
 1913 
 
 1914 
 
 89,694 
 96,382 
 94,597 
 67,717 
 60,283 
 
 $11.70 
 11.81 
 11.89 
 12.09 
 14.00 
 
 100.0 
 100.9 
 101.6 
 103.3 
 119.7 
 
 
 .9 
 
 1.6 
 
 3.3 
 
 19.7 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 .T :.....-.. 
 
 1917 
 
 
PART 11. 
 
 DOCUMENTARY AND OTHER AUTHORITATIVE 
 DATA REGARDING WAGES AND EARN- 
 INGS OF LABOR. 
 
 73 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 
 The data contained in this Chapter have been collected from the 
 records of the Navy Department at Washington. The}' consist of a 
 comparison of rates paid to all classes of employees in the Navy Yards 
 of the United States for the three years 1911, 1914, and 1917. The 
 comparison is shown for thirteen Yards located in all sections of the 
 country. Because of this geographical distribution, and also because 
 of the fact of the great number of different classes of workers employed 
 in the Navy Yards, no better insight into the prevailing trend of wages 
 could probably be found. In the following pages the variations in rates of 
 pay during the period under consideration are shown by separate Yards 
 and by occupations. 
 
 75 
 
76 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 '' • '^ Occupations ' ' 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys 
 
 ■Cabinet makers ■ 
 
 Cement finishers ...;. 
 
 Chain makers 
 
 Dispensary attendants 
 
 Pasteners ■. . 
 
 Heatersmiths 
 
 Helpers, chain makers 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Stable keepers ..... 1 ... ." 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Varnishers and polishers 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Dredgers , 
 
 Hammer runners 
 
 Helpers, blacksmiths' '. . . . 
 
 " boatbuilders' 
 
 " brass finishers' 
 
 ** boiler makers' 
 
 "- chain makers' ......... 
 
 *' coppersmiths' 
 
 " electricians' 
 
 " galvanizers' 
 
 " general . . . 
 
 " house carpenters' 
 
 " joiners' 
 
 " laboratory 
 
 " machinists' 
 
 " molders' 
 
 " ordnance 
 
 " painters' 
 
 " plumbers' 
 
 riggers' 
 
 " ropemakers' 
 
 *' sawmill 
 
 " sheet metal workers' . . . 
 
 '^ smiths' 
 
 " shipsmiths' 
 
 " shipfitters' 
 
 " shipwrights' 
 
 " tinners' 
 
 " woodworkers' 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 3.84 
 4.00 
 4.08 
 ■2.24 
 3.36 
 2.40 
 
 2^32 
 2.32 
 2.24 
 2.40 
 2.48 
 3.68 
 
 3.12 
 
 24 
 ,24 
 24 
 24 
 40 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 
 2.40 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 
 2!24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 
 2.24 
 
 1914 
 
 $1.60 
 3.84 
 4.00 
 4.08 
 2.24 
 3.36 
 
 2140 
 2.80 
 2.32 
 2.24 
 2.40 
 2.48 
 3.68 
 
 3.12 
 
 2.40 
 
 2.24 
 2.48 
 
 2.48 
 2.40 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 
 2.40 
 2'. 24 
 
 2.24 
 2.40 
 1.60 
 
 1917 
 
 $1.76 
 
 2.72 
 2.72 
 2.72 
 2.96 
 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 
 2.96 
 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 
 2!96 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 
 3.04 
 2.96 
 
 2.96 
 3.04 
 2.24 
 
RATES 01=' PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 BOSTON, MASa.— Continued 
 
 77 
 
 Occupations^ 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 Acetylene welders '. . . . . . 
 
 Anchor makers \[\\ 
 
 Angle smiths [[[] 
 
 Blacksmiths , 
 
 Block makers 
 
 Boat builders ; * 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Box makers 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Calkers and chipp«rs, iron 
 
 Catchers 
 
 Carpenters 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Chauffeurs 
 
 Concrete workers 
 
 Core makers 
 
 Coopers 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Crane men 
 
 Die sinkers 
 
 Divers 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Electricians, radio 
 
 Electricians, storage battery 
 
 Electroplaters 
 
 Engineers • 
 
 Engine tenders 
 
 Engine tenders, crane and locomotive 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive 
 
 Engine tenders, stationary 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Finishers, brass , -. 
 
 Flange turners ^ 
 
 Forgers, drop ', 
 
 Forgers, heavy 
 
 Galvanizers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Heaters, furnace 
 
 Hammer men 
 
 Hampier runners 
 
 Joiners, house ". 
 
 Joiners, ship , j 
 
 Leather workers I 
 
 Levelers 
 
 Loftsmen 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Masons, brick i 
 
 Masons, cement work j 
 
 Ma-Jons, stone 
 
 Melters 
 
 Millmen i 
 
 Millwrights | 
 
 Molders 
 
 Molders, green sand, iron or brass ' 
 
 Molders, loam , 
 
 Molders, steel 
 
 Oakum spinners 
 
 Ordnancemen 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 pavers 
 
 Filers, scrap 
 
78 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 BOSTON, MASS.— Contimicd 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Group III — Continued. 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers, house 
 
 Plumbers, ship ; 
 
 Pressmen 
 
 Punchers and shearers 
 
 Reamers 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Rollers, iron 
 
 Roofers 
 
 Rope makers 
 
 Rope makers, all around 
 
 Rope makers, wire 
 
 Rope backler 
 
 Rope hand spinner . . . . 
 Rope macnine spinner . 
 Rope machine layer . . . 
 
 Rope prep, hand 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Sand blasters 
 
 Saw filers 
 
 Sawyers 
 
 Sheet metal workers . . . 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Ship keepers 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Spar makers 
 
 Stonecutters 
 
 Switchmen 
 
 Tool Dressers 
 
 Toolmakers 
 
 Toolmakers, machine . . 
 
 Toolmakers, smith 
 
 Tool sharpeners 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Turners 
 
 TTnholsterers 
 
 Wharf builders 
 
 Wheelwrights 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 Wireworkers .• 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 .60 
 .80 
 .40 
 .40 
 .12 
 88 
 .64 
 52 
 12 
 ,64 
 
 '.U 
 12 
 12 
 
 3.36 
 
 .76 
 12 
 .12 
 
 '28 
 .52 
 .64 
 
 66 
 04 
 
 1914 
 
 4.00 
 5.20 
 4.40 
 4.40 
 4.00 
 2.88 
 
 3. '52 
 3.36 
 
 iioo 
 
 3.12 
 3. '12 
 
 3.52 
 2.80 
 3.52 
 
 4.'66 
 3.76 
 2.24 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 
 3.36 
 3!S2 
 4!66 
 
 2. '46 
 
 3.76 
 3.52 
 
 4. '46 
 
 1917 
 
 4.80 
 4.96 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 
 3!68 
 
 4. '46 
 4.80 
 
 4.B0 
 
 3. '76 
 
 4.40 
 3.44 
 5.04 
 
 4. 'so 
 4.80 
 
 ■iiso 
 
 4.64 
 
 4.16 
 2.96 
 4.08 
 4.80 
 
 2.96 
 
 4.66 
 4.32 
 3.92 
 4.80 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 79 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys 
 
 Boys, boiler scalers 
 
 Boat builders 
 
 Cabinet makers 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Core makers 
 
 Flagmakers 
 
 Harness makers 
 
 Helpers, chainmakers' . . . . 
 
 Helpers, plumbers' 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Horse shoers 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Teams, double 
 
 Teams, single 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Turners 
 
 Varnishers and polishers 
 Wheelwrights 
 
 Group II 
 
 Cupola men 
 
 Cupola tenders 
 
 Dredgers 
 
 Helpers, blacksmiths' 
 
 " boatbuilders' 
 
 " boilermakers' 
 
 *' brass finishers' .... 
 
 " coppersmiths' 
 
 " divers' 
 
 " electricians* 
 
 *' galvanizers' 
 
 " general 
 
 " house carpenters* . . 
 
 " iron finishers' 
 
 light metal workers' 
 
 " machinists' 
 
 " joiners 
 
 " molders' 
 
 " painters* 
 
 " pattern makers' .... 
 
 " pipefitters* 
 
 " riggers' 
 
 " ropemakers' 
 
 " sawmill -. 
 
 " sheet metal workers' 
 
 " steel workers' 
 
 " ship fitters' 
 
 *' shipsmiths* 
 
 " shipwrights' 
 
 " tinners' 
 
 woodworkers' 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Weighers 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators . 
 
 Angle smiths 
 
 Armature winders ... 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 BlacksmithF, machine 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 2.00 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 
 1914 
 
 
 $1.80 
 
 $1.28 
 
 1.04 
 
 
 3.44 
 
 
 3.44 
 
 3.44 
 
 3.04 
 
 
 2.24 
 
 
 1.28 
 
 
 2.48 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.24 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 1.76 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.28 
 
 1.52 
 
 1.28 
 
 
 3.60 
 
 3.60 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.24 
 
 4.96 
 
 4.96 
 
 2.96 
 
 2.96 
 
 1.44 
 
 1.60 
 
 3.04 
 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 2.66 
 
 J. 24 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.00 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 2.00 
 
 3.24 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 2.66 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 2.66 
 
 1.76 
 
 , 1.76 
 
 i'.76 
 
 i:76 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 .... 
 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 
 1.76 
 2.56 
 
 3.44 
 3.76 
 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 
 1917 
 
 $1.44 
 
 4.46 
 4.40 
 
 2.00 
 1.84 
 
 2.24 
 2!68 
 3.84 
 
 2.48 
 
 i!48 
 2.64 
 
 2!64 
 
 2 '.48 
 
 2!48 
 
 2.48 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 2 
 
 64 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 ii4 
 
 3 
 
 .84 
 
 4 
 
 72 
 
 4 
 
 .72 
 
80 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS^ 1911-1917. 
 CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.— Continued 
 
 . — Gcctipatmns- 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Group III. — Continued 
 
 Block makers 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Bolters up ■ 
 
 Buffers and polishers 
 
 Cable splicers ■ 
 
 Cable splicers, electric 
 
 Calkers, wood ■ 
 
 Calkers and chippers, iron 
 
 Calkers and chippers, iron, machine and hand. 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Chauffeurs 
 
 Concrete workers 
 
 Coopers 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Crane men ; 
 
 Divers 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Electricians, radio ■ : 
 
 Electric dredge operators 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Engine tenders, electrical 
 
 Engine tenders, stationary 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive 
 
 Engine tenders, pile driver 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Finishers, brass 
 
 i-'lange turners 
 
 Forgers, heavy 
 
 Frame bender 
 
 Furnacemen ; . . . . 
 
 GalvanJzers 
 
 Galvanized iron workers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Joiners, house 
 
 Joiners, ship 
 
 Lead burners 
 
 Letterers and grainers 
 
 Linemen 
 
 T^ight metal workers i 
 
 Lof csmen 
 
 Machine operators 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Machinists, all around 
 
 Machinists, electrical 
 
 Machinists, tool hand 
 
 Machinists, floor or vise hand 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Masons, stone 
 
 Mechanics, electrical 
 
 Millmen 
 
 Millwrights 
 
 Molders 
 
 Molders, green sand, iron or brass 
 
 Molders, loam 
 
 Operatives ■ 
 
 Ordnaneemen 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers . . . . , 
 
 Pavers 
 
 Pile drivers ; . . ., 
 
 Pipe coverers ...... ^ .'.'... 
 
 Pipefitters ■ 
 
 3.28 
 
 
 3.60 
 
 3.60 
 
 2.80 
 
 2.80 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.44 
 
 3.44 
 
 3.12 
 
 3.44 
 
 3.28 
 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 
 
 3.60 
 
 3.20 
 
 
 3.60 
 
 3.84 
 
 8.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.40 
 
 3.52 
 2.56 
 3.76 
 3.28 
 2.24 
 3.04 
 3.84 
 4.00 
 
 2 '.24 
 •2.56 
 3.60 
 2.00 
 ■3.20 ■ 
 3.52 
 5.28 
 3.04 
 3.04 
 
 3.60 
 4.00 
 3.36 
 
 3.28 
 
 V.'2ii 
 3.52 
 
 3. '64 
 2.48 
 3.04 
 3.60 
 3.52 
 3.28 
 2.56 
 2.80 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.52 
 
 '3. 76 
 3.28 
 2.24 
 3.04 
 3.84 
 4.00 
 
 2.56 
 3.60 
 ^.24 
 
 3!52 
 
 3.04 
 3.04 
 4.32 
 3.52 
 3.60 
 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 4.24 
 
 3.60 
 3.76 
 1.68 
 3.04 
 2.80 
 3.04 
 3.76 
 3.52 
 3.28 
 3.04 
 2.80 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.— Continued 
 
 81 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 Plumbers, house 
 
 Plumbers, ship 
 
 Pressmen 
 
 Punchers and shearers . 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Riveters, machine 
 
 Roofers 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Saw filers 
 
 Sawyers 
 
 Sheet metal workers . 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Spar makers 
 
 Steam fitters 
 
 Stonecutters 
 
 Structural iron workers 
 
 Switchmen 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Tin roofers 
 
 Tool dressers 
 
 Toolmakers 
 
 Tool sharpeners 
 
 Turners 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Tracklayers 
 
 Turbine bladers 
 
 Upholsterers 
 
 Water tenders 
 
 Whari builders 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 Wireworkers 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1914 
 
 4.00 
 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 3.44 
 
 3!44 
 
 3!44 
 4.00 
 
 3.52 
 3.44 
 
 i'.'eo 
 
 3.60 
 3.52 
 2.72 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.76 
 
 2.80 
 4.00 
 3.52 
 2.80 
 3.52 
 3.04 
 3.28 
 
 1917 
 
 4.80 
 
 4! 72 
 4.72 
 
 sijio 
 
 4.16 
 4.72 
 4.32 
 3.68 
 4.16 
 4.40 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.28 
 
 4.08 
 4.72 
 2.96 
 
 3.26 
 
 4!72 
 3.76 
 3.04 
 4.00 
 3.68 
 3.52 
 
82 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 MARE ISLAND, CALIFORNIA." 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1514- 
 
 -1947- 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys 
 
 JrJarness makers 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Hostters 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Dredgers 
 
 Helpers, boatbuilders' 
 
 " boiler makers' 
 
 " coppersmiths' 
 
 " electricians' , 
 
 " galvanizers' 
 
 " general 
 
 '* blacksmiths' , 
 
 " house carpenters* . 
 
 " joiners' 
 
 " machinists' 
 
 " molders' 
 
 *' ordnance 
 
 '* painters' 
 
 " pipefitters* 
 
 '* plumbers' 
 
 " riggers' 
 
 " saw mill 
 
 *'. sheet metal workers' 
 
 " ship fitt-ers' 
 
 " shipsmiths' 
 
 " shipwrights' , 
 
 '' tinners' 
 
 " woodworkers' , 
 
 -Holders on ■, .-. . .-r. 
 
 Oilers 
 
 Weighers 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 Armature winders 
 
 Armorers , 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Blacksmiths, machine 
 
 Block makers 
 
 Boat builders , 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Buffers and polishers 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Calkers, chippers, iron 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Chauffeurs 
 
 Concrete workers 
 
 Coopers 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Coremakers ... * 
 
 Die sinkers 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Electricians, radio 
 
 Electroplaters 
 
 Electrical instrument workers 
 Engine tenders 
 
 1.68 
 
 3.20 
 3.52 
 2.64 
 2.48 
 2.40 
 1.68 
 3.52 
 2.64 
 
 2.96 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 ' 
 
 2.88 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2!64 
 
 2^64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.88 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 
 2 '.80 
 
 1.68 
 
 3^52 
 
 2.64 
 2.48 
 2.40 
 1.68 
 3.52 
 2.72 
 
 2.96 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.80 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.80 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.80 
 
 2.64 
 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 
 2^64 
 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.96 
 
 2.64 
 3.04 
 
 1.68 
 
 3!52 
 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 
 3.52 
 2.72 
 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 
 2.' 80 
 
 2!86 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 3.04 
 
 ' 2.80 
 3.04 
 1.68 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.92 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.32 
 
 
 
 4.16 
 
 
 
 4.24 
 
 
 
 4.24 
 
 
 
 4.16 
 
 
 
 4.56 
 
 4.56 
 
 4.56 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.40 
 
 3.52 
 
 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 3.92 
 
 3.92 
 
 4.08 
 
 4,24 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.32 
 
 4.56 
 
 
 3". 04 
 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.20 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.08 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.40 
 
 4.64 
 
 4.00 
 
 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 3.20 
 
 3.20 
 
 3.36 
 
 
 4.08 
 
 4.24 
 5.28 
 
 4.16 
 
 4.16 
 
 4.32 
 
 4.80 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.40 
 
IL\TES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 MARE ISLAi^D, CALIFORNIA.— Continued. 
 
 83 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Group III. — Continued 
 
 Engine tenders, fire 
 
 Engine tenders, i)ile driver . . . 
 
 Fasteners, pile driver 
 
 Finishers, brass 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Flagmakers 
 
 Flag cutter and finisher 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 r orgers, drop 
 
 Forgers, heavy 
 
 Frame benders 
 
 Furnacemen 
 
 Furnacemen, foundry 
 
 Galvanizers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Instrument makers - 
 
 Joiners, house 
 
 Joiners, ship 
 
 Leather workers 
 
 Locomotive crane tender 
 
 Loftsmen 
 
 Machine operatots ." 
 
 Machinists .... 1 
 
 Machinists, floor or vise hand 
 
 Machinists, electrical 
 
 Machinists, tool hand 
 
 Masons 
 Masons, stone 
 Mechanics, electrical 
 MUlmen 
 
 Molders 
 
 Molders, green sand or iron or brass. 
 
 Oakum spinners 
 
 Ordnance men 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 
 4.32 
 
 4.32 
 
 4.48 
 
 2.96 
 
 
 
 2.96 
 
 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.24 
 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 
 
 4.08 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.24 
 
 
 2.40 
 
 2.40 
 
 
 4.64 
 
 4.64 
 
 4.80 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.20 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.20 
 
 
 4.88 
 
 5.04 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.44 
 
 3.60 
 
 2,80 
 
 2.80 
 
 2.88 
 4.32 
 
 4.48 
 
 
 
 4.56 
 
 4.56 
 
 4,56 
 
 3.36 
 
 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 
 3.60 
 
 i'.SS 
 3.52 
 
 4.16 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.40 
 
 4.16 
 
 
 
 4.32 
 
 4.32 
 
 4.40 
 
 4.16 
 
 
 
 5,60 
 
 5.60 
 
 5.60 
 
 4,48 
 
 
 
 4.00 
 
 
 
 4.40 
 
 
 iiio 
 
 4.16 
 
 4.16 
 
 
 2.64 
 
 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 1 3,92 
 
 ! 3.92 
 
 4.00 
 
 j 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 5,04 
 
84 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 MARE ISLANTD, GALIF-OR-MA.— Continued 
 
 Occuoations 
 
 Rates- of "Pay " 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Geoup III. — Continued 
 
 Pavers '..;.. 
 
 Pipe coverers 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers, house 
 
 Plumbers, ship 
 
 Punchers and shearers 
 
 Reamers 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Riveters, machine 
 
 Riveters, pneumatic hammer 
 
 Rodmen 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Saw filers 
 
 Sawyers, band 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Shipkeepers 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Spar makers 
 
 Stonecutters 
 
 Switchmen 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Toolmakers 
 
 Tool sharpeners 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Upholsterers 
 
 Wharf builders 
 
 Wheelwrights 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.' 16 
 
 4.24 
 4.72 
 4.16 
 3.20 
 2.96 
 4.48 
 3.92 
 
 4.08 
 
 4!48 
 4.24 
 4.48 
 2.24 
 4.48 
 4.16 
 2.80 
 4.24 
 4.56 
 4.00 
 4.56 
 
 00 
 
 28 
 
 52 
 
 32 
 
 00 
 
 64 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.16 
 4.16 
 4.24 
 4.72 
 4.16 
 3.20 
 
 4. '48 
 4.08 
 
 i'.h's 
 
 4.32 
 
 2!24 
 4.72 
 4.24 
 2.80 
 4.24 
 4.56 
 
 3.28 
 3.52 
 4.48 
 
 2. '64 
 4.00 
 4.24 
 3.84 
 
 4.16 
 4.32 
 4.24 
 4.72 
 4.24 
 3.28 
 
 4!48 
 4.56 
 4.08 
 
 3!i2 
 4.48 
 4.40 
 
 2!32 
 4.80 
 4.72 
 
 4!32 
 4.56 
 
 3.44 
 3.52 
 4.64 
 
 2. 'so 
 4.08 
 4.24 
 4.00 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS. 1911-1917. 
 
 85 
 
 NAVAL PROVING GROUND, 
 . -Indiana Head, Md. 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys 
 
 Battery attendants 
 
 Battery attendants, powder factory 
 
 Dispensary attendants 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Teams, double 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Helpers, blacksmiths' 
 
 " electricians* 
 
 " general 
 
 " house carpenters* 
 
 " laboratory 
 
 " molders 
 
 " plumbers' 
 
 " tinners' 
 
 " pipefitters' 
 
 " sheet metal workers* . . . . 
 
 " wood workers' 
 
 Oilers 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Box makers 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Crane tenders, locomotive 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Engineers, marine 
 
 Eugine tenders 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive crane . 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Iron workers 
 
 Lead burners 
 
 Machinists, floor or vise hand . . . . 
 
 Machinists, all around 
 
 Machinists, electrical 
 
 Machinists, tool hand 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Masons, stone 
 
 Motormen 
 
 Ordnancemen 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers, house 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Rodmen 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Water tenders 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 $1.20 
 2.72 
 2.96 
 
 2!24 
 2.08 
 1.S4 
 2.08 
 
 4.00 
 
 ,52 
 36 
 .48 
 
 1914 
 
 4.00 
 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.32 
 
 2[68 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 
 3.52 
 3.36 
 
 3.68 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 2.24 
 2.08 
 
 7.52 
 
 7.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.80 
 
 4.80 
 
 4.48 
 
 
 3.60 
 
 2.48 
 3.44 
 3.44 
 3.28 
 3.60 
 4.80 
 3.84 
 3.04 
 
 3.60 
 2.96 
 
 3.68 
 
 1917 
 
 $1.44 
 
 5.20 
 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 
 3 '.52 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 
 2'. 88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.96 
 
 4.96 
 4.96 
 
 4.72 
 4.24 
 
 3.04 
 2.80 
 4.96 
 6.88 
 4.96 
 4.96 
 4.96 
 
 5. '36 
 
 20 
 08 
 16 
 96 
 .96 
 
 4.96 
 4.40 
 3.44 
 4.72 
 
 3^92 
 3.20 
 4.96 
 
86 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN XAVV YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates -&f-Pay 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys 
 
 Dispensary attendants 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Hostlers 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Teams, double and driver . . . 
 Teams, single and driver . . . 
 Teamsters 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Dredgers 
 
 Helpers, boatbuilders' 
 
 " blacksmiths' 
 
 " boilermakers' 
 
 " electricians' 
 
 " geneial 
 
 " house carpenters' . 
 
 " machinists' 
 
 ' molders' 
 
 " painters' 
 
 " patternmakers' .... 
 
 " plumbers' 
 
 " sheet metal workers' 
 
 " ship fitters' 
 
 " smiths' 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 Angle smiths 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Boat builders 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Calkers and chippers, iron . . 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Concrete workers _. . . 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Coremakers 
 
 Die sinkers 
 
 Divers 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Electricians, radio 
 
 Electroplaters 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Engine tenders 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive . 
 Engine tenders, stationary 
 
 Finishers, cement 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Forgers, drop 
 
 Frame and plate bender . . . 
 
 Furnaceraen 
 
 Galvanizers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Hammer men 
 
 Joiners, house 
 
 Joiners, ship 
 
 Lathers 
 
 Linemen 
 
 Machinists 
 
 $1.04 
 
 i!84 
 2.00 
 1.76 
 2.O0 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 5.04 
 3. 52 
 1.76 
 
 4.00 
 1.84 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 
 1.76 
 2. '66 
 2!66 
 
 00 
 76 
 52 
 ,52 
 52 
 52 
 52 
 
 $1.44 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 
 2.'24 
 2.24 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.64 
 
 2. '48 
 
 2!64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 
 3.84 
 
 4.40 
 4.72 
 4.16 
 4.72 
 4.40 
 3.20 
 4.72 
 2.72 
 5.44 
 10.00 
 3.44 
 4.72 
 5.28 
 4.40 
 4.72 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.12 
 
 3!60 
 3.04 
 ,2.80 
 4.40 
 
 4.72 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVV YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 
 87 
 
 NEW ORLEANS. LOUISIANA.— Continued 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group III. — Continued 
 
 Machinists, electrical 
 
 Machinists, tool hand 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Masons, stone 
 
 Mechanics, electrical 
 
 Molders 
 
 Molders, green sand, iron or brass 
 
 Molders, steel casting 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pavers •. 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 Pipe coverers 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers, hoxise 
 
 Plumbers, ship 
 
 Punchers and shearers 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Rodmen 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Shipiitters 
 
 Shipkeepers 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Toolmakers 
 
 Wharf builders 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 4.00 
 3.52 
 5.04 
 5.04 
 
 3.52 
 
 3. '64 
 3.76 
 2.40 
 2.80 
 
 3!52 
 3.20 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 
 3.04 
 3.52 
 
 3!64 
 1.76 
 3.52 
 3.76 
 2.00 
 3.76 
 3.52 
 3.20 
 4.00 
 
 3^52 
 
 5.20 
 
 4.72 
 4,72 
 
 4.08 
 4.72 
 
 4. '66 
 3.44 
 4.72 
 4.80 
 
 4.72 
 3.20 
 4.08 
 4.72 
 3.44 
 3.84 
 
 4!72 
 4.80 
 
 4. '72 
 4.40 
 
 4'. 72 
 4.00 
 4.16 
 
HATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 
 Occupations;, 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911. 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys .■ 
 
 Deckhands 
 
 Deckhands, ferry boat . . 
 Dispensary attendants . . . 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Helpers, blacksmiths' . . . . 
 
 ** electricians' 
 
 " general 
 
 " laboratory 
 
 ** machinists' . . . . 
 
 " molders' 
 
 ** plumbers' 
 
 Prime workers (female) 
 
 Group III. 
 
 ^utomatic machine hands 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Boat builders 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Butchers 
 
 .Cabinet makers 
 
 Calkers, pipe 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Chauffeurs 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Core makers 
 
 Divers 
 
 Dynamo tenders 
 
 Electroplaters 
 
 Engineers 
 
 $1.60 
 2.24 
 
 2.56 
 2.24 
 2.16 
 2.32 
 2.16 
 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 
 2.bi) 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 
 2.96 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 3.44 
 3.04 
 3.28 
 2.40 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 
 3 '.60 
 3.28 
 5.04 
 2.56 
 
 $1.60 
 2.24 
 
 2.56 
 2.2i 
 2.16 
 2.32 
 2.32 
 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 ,2.24 
 
 2!66 
 2.24 
 ■2.00 
 
 2.96 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 3.44 
 3.04 
 3.28 
 2.40 
 
 3.76 
 
 3'. 60 
 
 5. "64 
 2.56 
 
 $1.76 
 2.80 
 2.88 
 2.64 
 3.20 
 2.72 
 2.72 
 2.72 
 2.80 
 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.96 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.80 
 3.04 
 
 4.64 
 3.20 
 4.80 
 
 6.72 
 
 4.24 
 4.72 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 NEWPORT, RBODE IStATSD— Cohtinuied 
 
 89 
 
 Occupations . 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 .1911. 
 
 191.4__ 
 
 .1917 
 
 Group III. — Continued. 
 
 Engine tenders 
 
 Engineer machine 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Finishers, brass 
 
 , Forgers, heavy 
 
 i Foundry chippers 
 
 Furnacemen, foundry 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 ; Joiners, house 
 
 Joiners, ship 
 
 Letterers and grainers 
 
 : Machinists, all around 
 
 Machinists, electrical 
 
 Machinists, floor and vise hand. 
 
 Machinists, torpedo 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Masons, stone 
 
 Molders 
 
 Ordnancemen '. 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Paper-hangers 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 -Pilot, ferry boat • . . 
 
 .Pilot, engineer ferry boat 
 
 Pipefitters • . ■ . 
 
 ■plasterers 
 
 IPlumbers, house 
 
 Printers ' 
 
 Riggers 
 
 ■Rodmen 
 
 Steam fitters 
 
 Tinners 
 
 ■Turners 
 
 iWharf builders 
 
 2.48 
 2.48 
 4.00 
 
 3.04 
 3.76 
 2.96 
 3.36 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 3.68 
 3.36 
 3.04 
 3.20 
 3.92 
 3.04 
 2.64 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 2.56 
 4.00 
 3.76 
 3.04 
 3.44 
 
 3. '28 
 3.44 
 3.28 
 
 2.80 
 2.52 
 2.48 
 2.48 
 4.00 
 
 3.04 
 
 .52 
 .60 
 .52 
 .04 
 .00 
 .80 
 .80 
 
 3. 
 
 3. 
 
 3. 
 
 3. 
 
 4. 
 
 4. 
 
 4. 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.20 
 
 4.08 
 
 2!64 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 2.56 
 4.00 
 3.76 
 
 3^44 
 
 3'.' 28 
 3.44 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 
 3.04 
 
 4.' 80 
 2.88 
 3.68 
 3.12 
 
 3.04 
 5.36 
 5.12 
 
 4.08 
 3.12 
 4.16 
 4.80 
 
 4.80 
 4.96 
 4.80 
 
 3.76 
 4^24 
 
90 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 
 NEW VORK 
 
 \-- 
 
 
 
 Occupations 
 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 - 
 
 I9ia 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 ] ■ ' ' 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys 
 
 Boys, boiler scalers 
 
 Bladers 
 
 $1.52 
 2.00 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 4.00 
 2.00 
 3.28 
 3.04 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 2.48 
 3.04 
 2.24 
 3.04 
 3.76 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 1.76 
 2.24 
 2.48 
 2.48 
 3.52 
 2.88 
 3.28 
 3.28 
 
 2.48 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 
 2!24 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.48 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.48 
 
 z.bb 
 2.'66 
 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 2.48 
 2.24 
 
 2!24 
 2.64 
 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 3.52 
 3.76 
 2.72 
 
 $1.52 
 
 3!76 
 3.76 
 
 3. '28 
 
 2. '24 
 2.24 
 
 2!48 
 
 4!66 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 
 i."76 
 2.24 
 2.64 
 
 4!66 
 3.52 
 
 2. '24 
 
 2!24 
 
 2! 24 
 2.24 
 
 2'. 48 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.48 
 
 k'.ii 
 
 2. "48 
 
 2. '24 
 2'.64 
 
 3.28 
 4.00 
 
 $.168 
 
 2.' 64 
 
 3120 
 
 2! 72 
 2.72 
 
 2. '54 
 
 2!96 
 2.72 
 
 2. '96 
 
 2'.96 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 
 ■ 2'.96 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 
 2".96 
 
 3!04 
 
 3)28 
 2.96 
 
 3! 52 
 
 4.24 
 4.88 
 
 4*. 88 
 
 Boat builders 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Dispensary attendants 
 
 
 Harness makers 
 
 Hostlers , 
 
 
 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 
 Teamsters , 
 
 
 Testers 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ** coppersmiths* 
 
 
 
 " general , ^ 
 
 
 
 " laboratory 
 
 
 " molders' 
 
 
 " metal workers* i • • * • • 
 
 
 *' pipefitters* 
 
 
 
 
 " sheet metal workers' , , 
 
 *' ehipsmiths' 
 
 
 
 
 " tinners' , . , 
 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 
 
 
 Blockmakers 
 
 
 
 
RATES OF PAY IX XAVV YARDS^ 1911-1917. 
 J - . - - . 
 
 NEW. WRK.rT!Cpa,tin.««.d 
 
 91 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group III. — Continued 
 
 Buffers and polisliers 
 
 Buffers and polishers, silverware 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Calkers and chippers, iron 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 C anff urs 
 
 Coopers 
 
 Copp.:rsmiths 
 
 Coremakers 
 
 Cranemen 
 
 Die sinlcers 
 
 Divers 
 
 Divers, tenders 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Electricians, storage battery 
 
 Elecir platers 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Engine tenders 
 
 Engine tenders, marine 
 
 Engineers, marine 
 
 Engine tenders, electrical and steam 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive crane . . . 
 
 Engine tenders, pile driver 
 
 Farriers 
 
 Finishers, brass and iron 
 
 Finishers, iron 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Forgers, drop 
 
 Forgers, heavy 
 
 Foundry chippers 
 
 Fumacemen, forge 
 
 Furnacemen, foundry and tending slab. 
 
 Galvanizers 
 
 Galvanized iron workers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Instrument makers 
 
 Joiners 
 
 Letterers and grainers 
 
 Machine riveters 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Machinists, all around 
 
 Machinists, tool hand ^ 
 
 Machinists, floor or vise hand 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Masons, stone 
 
 Melters 
 
 Millmen 
 
 Model makers, wood 
 
 Molders 
 
 Molders, green sand, iron or brass 
 
 Molders, loam 
 
 Molders, steel 
 
 Motor vehicle operators 
 
 Oakum spinners 
 
 Ordnance men 
 
 Packers ■ 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pavers 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 Pipe calkers 
 
 Pipe coverers 
 
 2.64 
 3.04 
 3.76 
 3.28 
 4.00 
 
 3."S2 
 4.00 
 3.20 
 2.72 
 4.24 
 9.60 
 2.80 
 2.56 
 4.48 
 
 4!66 
 
 4!66 
 4.48 
 
 4. '66 
 4.00 
 
 4!66 
 
 2. '88 
 2.88 
 2.48 
 4.96 
 3.76 
 4.96 
 
 3.64 
 3.04 
 2.56 
 
 i'.ii 
 
 4.48 
 4.00 
 4.48 
 3.28 
 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 5.20 
 4.56 
 
 3'. 76 
 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 
 2!66 
 3.76 
 2.64 
 3.28 
 4.24 
 4.48 
 4.00 
 3. 52 
 4.48 
 
 3.04 
 3.76 
 3.28 
 4.00 
 
 3. '52 
 4.00 
 
 2)72 
 4.48 
 9.60 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 4.48 
 
 4!66 
 
 4;66 
 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 
 2.48 
 4.96 
 4.24 
 4.96 
 3.04 
 
 2.80 
 4.80 
 2.64 
 
 4". 66 
 
 4.48 
 3.28 
 4.00 
 
 5.20 
 4.56 
 3.04 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 2.96 
 
 3.76 
 
 2.64 
 3.28 
 
 4.48 
 4.48 
 
 3.68 
 
 4. '72 
 4.88 
 4.88 
 3.20 
 3.60 
 4.88 
 
 y.'2'o 
 5.52 
 9.60 
 
 3!84 
 4.88 
 6.00 
 4.40 
 4.72 
 
 4.48 
 
 4.24 
 4.00 
 
 3.04 
 5.12 
 5.12 
 6.12 
 3.04 
 
 3.60 
 
 3.12 
 
 6.00 
 4.88 
 4.48 
 
 4.8 
 
 5.20 
 4.80 
 3.52 
 4.88 
 4.88 
 
 4.08 
 3.04 
 4.16 
 4.88 
 4.48 
 4.24 
 
92 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS^ 19ll'19l7| 
 
 - - - . Occupations -■ - - - -- 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 . 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 3.52 
 4.48 
 4.00 
 
 2!76 
 3.04 
 3.52 
 
 3.76 
 4.80 
 
 iioo 
 
 2.80 
 3.28 
 
 3. '76 
 3.28 
 
 3.' 52 
 3.04 
 
 5.44 
 
 3. '76 
 
 4.00 
 3.76 
 
 3 '.04 
 
 2AS 
 4.80 
 3.76 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 3.04 
 
 4!48 
 2.96 
 4.00 
 3.28 
 4.00 
 3.28 
 
 4.88 
 4.96 
 4.88 
 
 3 '.04 
 4.00 
 
 4.'56 
 4.88 
 3.76 
 4.88 
 4.40 
 
 s!44 
 
 2.'46 
 4.88 
 4.88 
 4.88 
 4.88 
 
 s'.'zh 
 
 2 '.96 
 3'. 12 
 
 4 '.66 
 3.12 
 4.16 
 3.76 
 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 
 
 
 Riggers 
 
 3.76 
 3.28 
 
 3. '28 
 3.04 
 5.44 
 3.12 
 1.76 
 4.56 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.76 
 3.04 
 4.48 
 2.72 
 2.24 
 4.56 
 3.76 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 3.04 
 5.04 
 
 2.' 88 
 4.00 
 
 3. '52 
 
 3.28 
 3.28 
 3.04 
 
 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Saw filers 
 
 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 
 SMpsmiths 
 
 
 
 
 Stevedores 
 
 Stoker attendants, .mechanical 
 
 Switch.men 
 
 Tin roofers 
 
 
 
 Tool makers 
 
 Tool sharpeners 
 
 Tile setters 
 
 
 
 
 Wharf builders -. 
 
 
 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917-. 
 
 93 
 
 r NOitFOMC, ^rmGINIA. 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 Occupations 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Attendants, battery 
 
 Attendants, powder factory 
 
 Buffers and polishers, silverware . 
 
 Boys . 
 
 Boys, boiler scalers 
 
 Boys, rivet heaters 
 
 Bladers 
 
 Boat builders 
 
 Cabinet makers - . . 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Cement finishers 
 
 Chain makers 
 
 Charwomen 
 
 Clothing examiner 
 
 Coal handlers 
 
 Coal passers 
 
 Coal trimmers, (actual work only) 
 
 Coffee roasters 
 
 Compass fitters 
 
 Core makers 
 
 Deckhands 
 
 PerVhands, ferry boat 
 
 Dispensary -attendants 
 
 Fasteners 
 
 File sharpeners 
 
 Flag makers 
 
 Gas producer men 
 
 Hammer men ■ 
 
 Harness makers 
 
 Heatersmiths 
 
 H^^lpers, chainmakers' 
 
 Helpers, plumbers' 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Horseshoers 
 
 Hostlers 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Teamsters . .— 
 
 Wheelwrights 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Cupola tenders 
 
 Dredgers 
 
 Helpers, blacksmiths' 
 
 " boatbuilders' 
 
 " boilermakers' 
 
 " hrassfinishers 
 
 '* Coppersmiths' 
 
 " divers' 
 
 " electricians' 
 
 " galvanizers' 
 
 " galvanized iron workers' 
 
 *' general 
 
 " house carpenters' 
 
 " joiners' 
 
 " light metal workers' . . . 
 
 " machinists' 
 
 " molders' 
 
 " ordnance 
 
 " painters' 
 
 " pipe fitters' 
 
 " riggers' 
 
 *' sawmill 
 
 .04 
 
 .'64 
 
 '.44 
 .04 
 .76 
 
 2.4S 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 
 i'.ib 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 
 1.04 
 
 3 '.44 
 4.06 
 
 1.76 
 
 ,76 
 00 
 
 2.48 
 
 2.00 
 1.76 
 
 1.76 
 3.28 
 
 2.00 
 2.06 
 2.06 
 
 2.66 
 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 
 1.28 
 
 4 '.64 
 4. '46 
 
 2.48 
 
 2.00 
 2.08 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 
 2. '16 
 3.84 
 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.72 
 
 2. '64 
 2.64 
 
94 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 NORFOLK, ' VlRGratA— Continued 
 
 Occupations. 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911. 
 
 1914 
 
 Geouf II. — Continued 
 
 sheet metal workers' . . . 
 
 " ship fitters' 
 
 " ship smiths' 
 
 " shipwrights' 
 
 " smiths' 
 
 " structural steel workers' . 
 
 '* tinners' 
 
 " woodworkers' 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Oilers 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Block makers 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Buffers and polishers 
 
 Butchers 
 
 Cabinet makers ■ . 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Calkers and chippers, iron 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Chauffeurs ' 
 
 Checkers 
 
 Coopers 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Crane men 
 
 Die sinkers 
 
 Divers 
 
 Divers, tenders 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Drivers, fire engine 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Engine tenders 
 
 Engine tenders, electric 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive 
 
 Finishers, brass 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Flask makers 
 
 Forgers, drop 
 
 Forgers, heavy ; 
 
 Furnacemen 
 
 Furnacemen, forge 
 
 Furnacemen, foundry 
 
 Galvanizers and platers 
 
 Galvanizers and iron workers . . . . 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Harness makers 
 
 Instrument makers 
 
 Joiners 
 
 Joiners, ship 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Machinists, all around 
 
 Machinists, tool hand 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Masons, stone 
 
 Mechanics, electrical 
 
 Afl'^ltpr^ 
 
 Millmen • . . 
 
 Millwrights 
 
 Molders 
 
 Moldcrs, green sand, iron or brass 
 
 Molders, steel casting 
 
 Motormen . ^ 
 
 2.00 
 
 2!66 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 '2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 
 3.28 
 3.04 
 3.52 
 3.04 
 
 3. '64 
 3.04 
 3.04 
 3.52 
 
 3.04 
 3.52 
 
 4'. 24 
 8.00 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 2. CO 
 
 3.28 
 3. 52 
 
 04 
 .24 
 76 
 48 
 24 
 00 
 
 2.72 
 
 3.04 
 3.44 
 2.80. 
 3.04 
 3.04 
 
 3.52 
 
 44 
 44 
 04 
 .52 
 
 .52 
 
 3.04 
 3.04 
 
 3.28' 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.04 
 3.04 
 3.52 
 
 3.04 
 3.68 
 
 4.24 
 8.00 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 
 3. '52 
 
 3 '.28 
 3.52 
 3.76 
 
 2 '.24 
 3.76 
 
 4 '.24 
 4.00 
 2.72 
 
 .04 
 2 '.80 
 
 .52 
 .52 
 
 5.04 
 3.52 
 
 2 ,'48 
 
 '.04 
 
 .'28 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 NORFOLK. VIRGlNt A— Continued 
 
 95 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Mdlor vehicle operators 
 
 Oakum spinners 
 
 Ordnancemen , 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pavers 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 Pipe coverers 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers > 
 
 Plumbers, house 
 
 Plumbers, ship 
 
 Punchers and shearers . 
 Railroad conductors . . . . 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Riveters, pneumatic .... 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Rodmen 
 
 Roofers 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Saw filers * . . . . 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Sbipfitters 
 
 Ship keeper 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Smiths 
 
 Stonecutters 
 
 Steamfitters 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Tool makers 
 
 Tool sharpeners 
 
 Track mechanics 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Upholsterers 
 
 Water tenders . 
 Wharf builders 
 Wheelwrights . . 
 Wiremen 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 - . 
 
 -191? 
 
 
 2.16 
 
 
 1.76 
 
 1.76 
 
 2.00 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 
 
 4.08 
 
 2.48 
 
 
 2.48 
 
 3.12 
 
 3.12 
 
 4.16 
 
 3.84 
 
 3.84 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.84 
 
 4.00 
 
 2.P0 
 
 2.24 
 
 3.20 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 4.40 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 5.04 
 
 4.O0 
 
 4,24 
 
 4.72 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.22 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.24 
 
 3.20 
 3.60 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 
 
 4.24 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 4 '.72 
 3.44 
 
 
 3.28 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 
 
 4.40 
 
 4.80 
 
 4.80 
 
 S.28 
 
 1.76 
 
 1.76 
 
 2. 56 
 
 
 3.60 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.80 
 
 2.24 
 
 
 
 3.28 
 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 
 4.64 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 4.48 
 
 3.76 
 
 
 
 3.28 
 
 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.72 
 
 ■2.24 
 
 2.48 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 1 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.00 
 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.88 
 
 2.80 
 
 2.80 
 
 4.24 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.84 
 
 3.04 
 
 
 
96 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PENSACOtA, FLORIDA.,.-;,. 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys 
 
 Boys, boiler scalers 
 
 Boys, rivet heaters 
 
 Coal handlers 
 
 Dispensary attendants 
 
 Drivers, artesian wells 
 
 Harness makers . . , 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Rivet beaters 
 
 Teams, double . . . . ; 
 
 Teams, single 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Horseshoers 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Cupola tenders 
 
 Helpers, boatbuilders' 
 
 " blacksmiths' 
 
 '* boilermakers' 
 
 " coppersmiths' 
 
 " electricians' 
 
 " general 
 
 " house carpenters* . 
 
 " joiners' 
 
 " laboratory 
 
 " machinists' 
 
 " molders' 
 
 *' ordnance 
 
 " painters' 
 
 " pipefitters 
 
 *' plumbers' 
 
 " riggers' 
 
 " sawmill 
 
 " sheet metal workers' 
 
 " ■ ship fitters' 
 
 " shipsmiths' 
 
 " shipwrights 
 
 " tinners' 
 
 " ' woodworkers* 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Oilers 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Block makers 
 
 Boatbuilders 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Buffers and polishers 
 
 Cabinet makers 
 
 Cable splicers 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Calkers and chippers, iron . 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Chauffeurs 
 
 Coopers , 
 
 Coppersmfths 
 
 Coremakers 
 
 Divers 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Electricians, radio 
 
 Electroplaters 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Engine tenders, pil« driver 
 Finishers, brass 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.28 
 3.68 
 3.04 
 1.68 
 1.68 
 1.04 
 4.00 
 2.80 
 2.00 
 3.04 
 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 
 2.Wi 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 
 2 '.66 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 
 2.66 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 2.00 
 
 2. '66 
 
 3.68 
 3.68 
 3.68 
 3.68 
 3.04 
 3.44 
 
 3!68 
 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 
 3!44 
 4.00 
 2.40 
 lO'.OO 
 3.20 
 
 3.04 
 2. '66 
 
 $1, 
 
 20 
 
 2.32 
 
 2!64 
 2.64 
 i!.64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 
 2 '.64 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 
 2.64 
 2.00 
 
 4.16 
 4.72 
 
 4 '46 
 4.72 
 3.44 
 
 4!48 
 
 4.00 
 2.56 
 
 4.72 
 
 4.72 
 5.28 
 5.04 
 4.72 
 3.52 
 2.72 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PENSACOLA, FLORIDA— Continued. 
 
 97 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Finishers, cement 
 
 Fahric workers 
 
 Flagmakers 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Forgers, heavy 
 
 Fumacemen 
 
 Galvanizers 
 
 Galvanized iron workers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Instrument makers 
 
 Joiners, house 
 
 Joiners, ship 
 
 Letterers and grainers 
 
 Linemen 
 
 Machinists, all around 
 
 Machinists, electrical 
 
 Machinists, special 
 
 Machinists, tool maker 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Millmen 
 
 Millwrights 
 
 Molders 
 
 Molders, green sand, iron or brass 
 
 Molders, loam 
 
 Oakum, spinners 
 
 Ordnance men 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 Pipe coverers 
 
 Pipe fitters 
 
 Plasterers '• 
 
 Plimibers, house 
 
 Plumbers, ship 
 
 Punchers and shearers 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Roofers 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Shipsmiths ■- 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Sparmakers 
 
 Steamfitters 
 
 Stevedores 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Toolraakers 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Upholsterers 
 
 Varnishers and polishers 
 
 Wharfbuilders 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 Wlreworkers 
 
 Woodworkers and aero 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 3.76 
 
 4.00 
 
 3!64 
 3.68 
 2.00 
 3.84 
 3.28 
 3.68 
 3.28 
 2.80 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 
 5. '64 
 4 '.66 
 
 3.76 
 2.00 
 3.20 
 2.48 
 3.20 
 4.00 
 2.96 
 3.52 
 3.20 
 4.56 
 3.28 
 3.68 
 3.04 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 
 3.68 
 1.52 
 
 3!68 
 3.68 
 3.68 
 3.52 
 3.68 
 3.52 
 2.00 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 
 3^52 
 3.20 
 2.72 
 2.80 
 
 4.00 
 3.52 
 
 2.40 
 5.20 
 4.40 
 
 3.04 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 
 4!72 
 5.04 
 4.U0 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 
 3.84 
 4.08 
 4.72 
 4.00 
 3.44 
 4.72 
 4.80 
 4.72 
 
 3.76 
 3 '.52 
 
 4.72 
 4.80 
 
 5.40 
 2!56 
 
 3. '92 
 
 4.64 
 
98 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Boys 
 
 Cement finishers 
 
 Coal handlers 
 
 Coal passers 
 
 Dispensary attendants 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Cupola tenders 
 
 Female operators 
 
 Hammer runners 
 
 Helpers, boatbuilders' 
 
 " boilermakers' 
 
 '* brass finishers 
 
 " coppersmiths' 
 
 '* electricians' 
 
 " general 
 
 " machinists' 
 
 " molders' 
 
 ' ** ordnance 
 
 " painters* 
 
 " pipe fitters 
 
 " plumbers' 
 
 " riggers' 
 
 " sheet metal workers' 
 
 " shipfitters' 
 
 " shipsmiths' 
 
 " shipwrights' 
 
 " wood workers' 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Oilers 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 Angle smiths 
 
 Boatbuilders 
 
 Boilermakers 
 
 Calkers, wood . . ._ 
 
 Calkers, chippers, iron 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Casting cleaners 
 
 Chauffeurs 
 
 Concrete workers 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Crane men 
 
 Divers 
 
 Drillers 
 
 E^lectricians, radio 
 
 Electroplaters 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Farriers 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Forgers, heavy 
 
 Frame benders 
 
 Furnacemen, foundry 
 
 Galvanizers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Levelers 
 
 Loftsmen 
 
 Machinists ■ 
 
 Machinists, _ electrical 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 $1.04 
 3.52 
 
 2.16 
 3.04 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 2.00 
 
 2.32 
 
 2.'68 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 
 2'. 08 
 2.08 
 
 2!68 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 
 2". 48 
 
 i.'si 
 
 52 
 52 
 44 
 28 
 04 
 44 
 
 3.52 
 
 $1.04 
 3.52 
 
 2!66 
 2.16 
 3.04 
 2.00 
 2.24 
 2.08 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.08 
 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 2.08 
 
 2 '.64 
 2.24 
 1.52 
 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 3.52 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.20 
 3.76 
 
 3.68 
 
 8.00 
 2.64 
 
 3.36 
 
 2.32 
 3.20 
 4.00 
 
 3.04 
 2.24 
 
 4!24 
 3.52 
 3.76 
 5.04 
 
 1917 
 
 $1.62 
 4.40 
 2.88 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 3.20 
 2.64 
 2.64 
 2.96 
 
 3.76 
 2.72 
 3.20 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 
 2'.88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 
 2. '88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 2.88 
 3.04 
 2.96 
 2.08 
 
 4.24 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 4.24 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 2.72 
 2.96 
 2.72 
 4.72 
 3.20 
 8.00 
 3.76 
 5.52 
 4.40 
 4.72 
 4.24 
 2.96 
 4.24 
 5.68 
 5.12 
 3.84 
 3.60 
 3.12 
 4.00 
 5.28 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 5.28 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.— Continued 
 
 99 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 Group III. — Continued 
 
 Masons, stone 
 
 Millmen 
 
 Molders 
 
 Holders, steel casting 
 
 Motormen 
 
 Ordnance men 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pavers 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 Pipe coverers 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers, house 
 
 Plumbers, ship 
 
 Punchers and shearers . . 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Rodmen 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Saw filers 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 Sewing machine operators 
 Sheet metal workers . . . . 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Switchmen 
 
 Tool makers 
 
 Upholsterers 
 
 Water tenders 
 
 Wharf builders 
 
 Wireworkers 
 
 3.60 
 
 3.60 
 
 4.80 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.44 
 
 4.24 
 4.72 
 4.72 
 
 2.32 
 
 2.48 
 
 3.20 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 
 
 4.08 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.36 
 
 4.16 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.20 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.48 
 
 2.80 
 
 3.04 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.12 
 
 4.40 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.44 
 
 4.72 
 
 4.80 
 
 4.80 
 
 5.04 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.52 
 
 
 4.72 
 
 2.48 
 
 2.48 
 
 3.84 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.36 
 
 4.16 
 
 3.04 
 
 
 4.72 
 3.84 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.36 
 
 4.40 
 
 3.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.28 
 3.04 
 3.04 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.44 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.80 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.72 
 
 .... 
 
 2.32 
 
 2.96 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.72 
 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 
 4.00 
 3.12 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 4.16 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.20 
 
 3.76 
 
100 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Attendants, battery 
 
 Attendants, powder factory 
 
 Buffers and polishers, silverware . 
 
 Boys 
 
 Boys, boiler scalers 
 
 Boys, rivet heaters 
 
 Bladers 
 
 Boat builders 
 
 Cabinet makers 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Cement finishers 
 
 Chain makers 
 
 Charwomen 
 
 Clothing examiner 
 
 Coal handlers 
 
 Coal passers 
 
 Coal trimmers, (actual work only) 
 
 Coffee roasters 
 
 Compass fitters 
 
 Core makers 
 
 Deckhands 
 
 Deckhands, ferry boat 
 
 Dispensary attendants 
 
 Fasteners 
 
 File sharpeners 
 
 Flag makers 
 
 Gas producing men 
 
 Hammer men 
 
 Harness makers 
 
 tieatersmiths 
 
 Helpers, chainmakers' 
 
 Helpers, plumbers' 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Horseshoers 
 
 Hostlers 
 
 Janitors 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Laborers, deck hands 
 
 Laborers, track 
 
 Ladlemen 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Shipbuilders 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Steel furnace men and annealers. 
 
 Teams, double 
 
 Teams, double and driver 
 
 Teams, single 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Teamsters with teams 
 
 Testers 
 
 Turners 
 
 Underground cable splicers 
 
 Varnishers and polishers 
 
 Wheelwrights 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Cupola men , 
 
 Cupola men, steel castings 
 
 Cupola tenders 
 
 Dredgers 
 
 Female operators 
 
 Hammer drivers , 
 
 Hammer men 
 
 Hammer runners 
 
 Helpers, blacksmiths 
 
 60 
 
 24 
 
 56 
 
 .24 
 '.72 
 
 .96 
 
 .36 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY Y'ARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE.-Continued 
 
 101 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Group II. — ^Continued 
 
 Helpers, bladers 
 
 boatbuilders* 
 
 " boilermakers' 
 
 brass finishers' 
 
 " carpenters' 
 
 chainmakers' 
 
 ** coopers* 
 
 " coopersmiths' 
 
 divers* 
 
 " electricians' 
 
 " electroplaters' 
 
 flange turners' 
 
 '* forgers' (heavy) 
 
 " galvanizers' 
 
 galvanized iron workers' 
 
 " general 
 
 house carpenters' 
 
 " iron finishers' 
 
 " joiners' 
 
 '* laboratory 
 
 light metal workers' . . . . 
 
 " machinists* 
 
 " masons' 
 
 " metal workers' 
 
 " molders* 
 
 " ordnance 
 
 " painters' 
 
 *' pattern makers' 
 
 " pipe fitters' 
 
 " plumbers' 
 
 " riggers' 
 
 " rope makers' 
 
 ** saw mill 
 
 " sheet metal workers' . . . 
 
 " ship fitters' 
 
 " shipsmiths' 
 
 " shipwrights' 
 
 " smiths' 
 
 " special 
 
 " steel workers' 
 
 " structural steel workers' 
 
 " tinners' 
 
 " wire workers' 
 
 " wood workers' 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Oilers 
 
 Prime workers (female) 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Weighers 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 Acetylene welders 
 
 A.nchor makers 
 
 Angle smiths 
 
 Armature winders 
 
 Automatic machine hand 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Blacksmiths, machine 
 
 Block makers 
 
 Boat builders 
 
 Boat frame bender, and 
 
 Boat special riveter 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Boiler makers, left 
 
 Bolters up 
 
 Box makers 
 
 Buffers and polishers 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 
 2.24 
 3.28 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.40 
 
 3.28 
 3.44 
 3.28 
 3.28 
 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 
 1914 
 
 .24 
 
 2.24 
 3.2S 
 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 
 2.24 
 2." 24 
 
 2.24 
 2.40 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 
 1917 
 
 2.96 
 
 2.96 
 2*96 
 
 2.96 
 4.64 
 
 2.96 
 2.96 
 
 2.96 
 
 2. "96 
 3.04 
 
 2.96 
 3.04 
 
 2.24 
 4.16 
 4.80 
 
 4^64 
 4. 'so 
 
 3.'S2 
 
102 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 POiRTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE.— Continued 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group III.~Continued 
 
 Butchers 
 
 Cabinet makers 
 
 Cable splicers 
 
 Cable splicers, electric 
 
 Calkers, pipe 
 
 Calkers, wood ■ 
 
 Calkers, chippers and rivet 
 
 Calkers and chippers, iron 
 
 Canvas workers 
 
 Carpenters 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Cartridge makers 
 
 Cartridge metallic case makers 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Carvers, wood 
 
 Casting cleaners 
 
 Chauffeurs 
 
 Coopers 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Die sinkers 
 
 Divers, tenders 
 
 Drillers _. 
 
 Drivers, fire engine 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Electricians, radio 
 
 Electric dredge operators 
 
 Electroplaters 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Engine tenders 
 
 Engine tenders, electrical 
 
 Engine tenders, locomotive , 
 
 Farriers 
 
 Fasteners 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Firemen, extra duty 
 
 Flag makers 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Forgers (heavy) 
 
 Foundry chippers 
 
 Frame bender 
 
 Furnacemen 
 
 Galvanizers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Heatersmiths 
 
 Hammer runners 
 
 Harness maker 
 
 Instrument makers 
 
 Joiners 
 
 Leather workers 
 
 Ledffemen 
 
 Levelers 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Machinists, all around 
 
 Machinists, electrical 
 
 Machinists, floor or vise hand . . . . 
 
 Machinists, tool hand 
 
 Masons 
 
 ' Masons, stone 
 
 Mechanics, electrical 
 
 Melters 
 
 MiUmen 
 
 Model makers 
 
 Molders 
 
 Molders, green sand, iron or brass 
 
 Molders, irregular wood work 
 
 Molders, loan 
 
 3.52 
 
 3^28 
 3'. 12 
 
 3*28 
 
 3 '.04 
 
 3.28 
 3.76 
 4.00 
 3.04 
 2.80 
 2.00 
 4.00 
 
 3.52 
 
 3!28 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 
 2. 'so 
 2.56 
 2.80 
 
 4. "66 
 4.24 
 
 2.00 
 2.80 
 2.48 
 2.24 
 
 2'. 56 
 
 3!28 
 2.56 
 3.52 
 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 4.40 
 
 3.* 52 
 3.04 
 2.80 
 3.04 
 
 3^52 
 
 "3.*76 
 
 3.36 
 3!28 
 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.04 
 3.04 
 2.16 
 4.00 
 
 3.52 
 
 3^28 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 
 2.56 
 
 4.00 
 4.24 
 
 2.80 
 2.48 
 
 2.64 
 
 3 
 
 36 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 4 
 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 04 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 3 
 
 .76 
 
 4.56 
 
 3.12 
 3.04 
 
 4.80 
 5.44 
 
 3.76 
 
 4.80 
 5.28 
 
 4.08 
 4.72 
 
 3.60 
 3.64 
 
 5.12 
 5.76 
 
 5.28 
 
 3.60 
 3.04 
 
 4.64 
 3.12 
 
 4.48 
 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 
 3^52 
 
 4. 'so 
 4 '.64 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE.— Continued 
 
 103 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group III. — Continued 
 
 Oakum spinners 
 
 Ordnancemen 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 Plumbers, ship 
 
 Railroad yardmasters . . 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Riveters 
 
 Riveters, left 
 
 Riveters, right 
 
 Reamers 
 
 Rodmen 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Saw filers 
 
 Sawyers 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 Sheet metal workers . . . 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Shipkeepers 
 
 Smiths 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Sparmakers 
 
 Stonecutters 
 
 Stone crusher tenders . . 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Tool dressers 
 
 Tool makers 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Upholsterers 
 
 Varnishers and polishers 
 
 Wharf builders 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 2.00 
 3.04 
 2.48 
 
 4.24 
 '3.04 
 
 3.12 
 3.12 
 2.56 
 
 3!28 
 3.04 
 2.80 
 1.52 
 
 3.52 
 2.00 
 3.44 
 
 s'.ZB 
 3.28 
 3.28 
 3.28 
 
 3.04 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 2.00 
 3.52 
 2.64 
 
 3.28 
 
 3.04 
 2.48 
 3.12 
 4.00 
 3.04 
 3.60 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 
 4^24 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 
 3.28 
 
 3.28 
 3.04 
 
 3.36 
 3.28 
 3.28 
 3.28 
 2.56 
 3.52 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 2.00 
 3.52 
 
 3.84 
 3.04 
 4.08 
 4,80 
 
 4.86 
 4.40 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 
 4.40 
 4,80 
 
 3.76 
 4.40 
 4.16 
 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 
 4.80 
 4.64 
 
 4.64 
 4.16 
 
 ,08 
 ,80 
 
104 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON. 
 
 Occupations 
 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group I, 
 
 Boys 
 
 $1.44 
 2.80 
 3.60 
 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.24 
 2.72 
 6.00 
 2.48 
 
 2.40 
 2.48 
 2.48 
 2.48 
 2.80 
 2.56 
 2.48 
 2.48 
 2.56 
 
 2;46 
 
 2'. 56 
 2.40 
 2.40 
 2.48 
 2.40 
 
 2. '72 
 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.68 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.60 
 3.76 
 5.04 
 3.84 
 
 3 ".76 
 4.24 
 3.84 
 10.00 
 3.12 
 
 4'.48 
 3.36 
 
 3!76 
 
 3. '52 
 
 2.72 
 2.48 
 
 4!88 
 
 $1.44 
 2.80 
 3.60 
 
 2'. 40 
 2.40 
 2.72 
 6.00 
 2.48 
 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.80 
 2.64 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.40 
 2.56 
 
 2! 56 
 
 2.56 
 
 2. '56 
 2.56 
 
 2;72 
 
 3.52 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.68 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.76 
 3.76 
 5.04 
 3.84 
 
 4. '24 
 
 lo.'oo 
 
 3.12 
 4.24 
 
 4'. 64 
 3.36 
 
 4.' 66 
 
 3!52 
 2.80 
 
 $1.60 
 2.88 
 
 2!56 
 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.88 
 
 2'. 72 . 
 6.00 
 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 
 2! 80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 
 2.'86 
 
 2. 'so 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 3.04 
 2.80 
 3.04 
 
 4.24 
 4.48 
 
 3. '92 
 
 4.56 
 4.40 
 ^.00 
 
 i'.bi 
 
 4.08 
 4.32 
 3.04 
 3.44 
 
 4!64 
 
 16. '66 
 
 3.36 
 4.24 
 5.52 
 4.40 
 4.80 
 3.60 
 4.00 
 
 4". 66 
 
 4.00 
 3.04 
 2.32 
 4.80 
 5.28 
 4.96 
 
 Coal handlers 
 
 Coal trimmers, actual work only 
 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 
 
 Teams, double, and driver 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Teamsters with teams 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Helpers, boatbuilders' 
 
 ** boiler makers' 
 
 " coppersmiths' ,.,..,, 
 
 
 
 " blacksmiths' , 
 
 
 ** machinists* 
 
 " molders' 
 
 *' ordnance 
 
 
 
 
 " riggers' 
 
 
 
 
 " shipsmiths' , 
 
 
 
 Oilers 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Angle smiths 
 
 
 Block makers , 
 
 Boatbuilders 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Buffers and polishers 
 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Drillers 
 
 
 
 Klectric welders 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RATES OF PAY IX XAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 PUGET SOU\D, WASHINGTON.— Continued 
 
 105 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Group III. — Continued 
 
 Furnacemen 
 
 Furnacemen, foundry . , . 
 
 Galvanizers 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Instrument makers 
 
 Joiners, house i . . . . 
 
 Toiners, ship 
 
 liocksniiths 
 
 Lof tsmen 
 
 Machine operators 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Machinists, electrical . . . 
 Marine engine erector . . 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Masons, concrete 
 
 Millmen 
 
 Mirror maker 
 
 Molders 
 
 Motor vehicle operators 
 Ordnancemen 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pile dri\-ers 
 
 Pipe coverers 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers, house 
 
 Plumbers, ship 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Ri\-cters 
 
 Rodmen 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Saw filers 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Shipsmiths 
 
 ShipTrrights 
 
 Toolmakers 
 
 Towermen 
 
 Upholsterers 
 
 Vehicle operators 
 
 Wharf builders 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 3.52 
 
 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.36 
 
 3.6S 
 
 3.68 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 
 4.16 
 
 4.16 
 
 4.56 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 5 '.04 
 3.52 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.40 
 
 4.24 
 
 
 S'.M 
 
 6.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.04 
 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.32 
 
 4.48 
 4.00 
 
 3.84 
 4.24 
 
 4 '.24 
 4.00 
 
 4.' 16 
 4.24 
 5.04 
 3.60 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.48 
 4.00 
 
 2.72 
 
 2.88 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.24 
 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 3.76 
 
 6.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 5.04 
 
 5.04 
 
 4.16 
 
 4.16 
 
 3. 84 
 
 3.84 
 
 3.S4 
 
 3.84 
 
 3.84 
 4.48 
 2.48 
 4.24 
 4.00 
 
 4.'i6 
 4.24 
 
 5.04 
 3 . 60 
 
 4.40 
 
 4.' 00 
 2.°6 
 4.00 
 4.96 
 4.08 
 4.16 
 4.32 
 6.00 
 
 4!24 
 4.24 
 4. OS 
 3.44 
 4.48 
 4.64 
 2.56 
 4.80 
 4.72 
 4.32 
 4.56 
 4.64 
 5.04 
 4.00 
 
 4.' 66 
 
106 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 WASHINGTON, D, C. 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Group I. 
 
 Attendants, battery 
 
 Attendants, powder factory 
 
 Buffers and polishers, silverware . 
 
 Boys 
 
 Boys, boiler scalers 
 
 Boys, rivet heaters 
 
 Bladers 
 
 Boat builders 
 
 Cabinet makers 
 
 Carvers 
 
 C«ment finishers 
 
 Chain makers 
 
 Charwomen 
 
 Clothing examiner 
 
 Coal handlers 
 
 Coal passers 
 
 Coal trimmers, (actual work only) 
 
 Coffee roasters 
 
 Compass fitters 
 
 Core makers 
 
 Deckhands 
 
 Deckhands, ferryboat 
 
 Dispensary attendants 
 
 Fasteners 
 
 File sharpeners 
 
 Flag makers 
 
 Gas producer men 
 
 Hammer men 
 
 Harness makers , 
 
 Heatersmiths 
 
 Helpers, chainmakers* 
 
 " plumbers' 
 
 Hod carriers 
 
 Horseshoers 
 
 Hostlers 
 
 Janitors , 
 
 Laborers, common 
 
 Laborers, deckhands 
 
 Laborers, track , 
 
 Ladlemen 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Shipbuilders 
 
 Slaters 
 
 Stable keepers 
 
 Steel furnacemen and annealers . . 
 
 Teams, double 
 
 Teams, double and driver 
 
 Teams, single t. i 
 
 Teamsters 
 
 Teamsters with teams 
 
 Testers 
 
 Turners 
 
 Underground cable splicers 
 
 Varnishers and polishers 
 
 Wheelwrights 
 
 Group II. 
 
 Cupola men 
 
 Cupola men, steel castings 
 
 Cupola tenders 
 
 Dredgers 
 
 Female operators 
 
 Hammer drivers 
 
 Hammer men , 
 
 1911 
 
 44 
 
 24 
 
 3.04 
 3.36 
 
 1914 
 
 6S 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 3.60 
 
 1917 
 
 .00 
 
 .80 
 
 .64 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 \\'ASHINGTON, D. C— Continued. 
 
 107 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates 
 
 of Pay 
 
 
 1911 1 
 
 314 
 
 1917 
 
 Group II. — ^Continued 
 Hammer runners 
 
 2.24 2 
 2'. 24 2 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 40 
 
 40 
 40 
 40 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 08 
 08 
 
 76 
 
 3.44 
 2.88 
 
 2*88 
 2.SS 
 
 2. "88 
 
 2^88 
 2.* 88 
 
 2!88 
 
 2;88 
 2.96 
 
 4.96 
 4.96 
 
 4.96 
 
 3 .'44 
 4.40 
 
 Helpers, blacksmiths' 
 
 bladers* 
 
 boatbuilders' 
 
 " boilermakers' 
 
 " brass finishers' 
 
 " carpenters' 
 
 " coopers* 
 
 " coppersmiths' 
 
 divers' 
 
 
 " electroplaters' 
 
 
 '* forgers' (heavy) 
 
 
 " galvanized iron workers' 
 
 
 
 " iron finishers* 
 
 " joiners* 
 
 
 light metal workers* 
 
 
 " masons' 
 
 " metal workers' 
 
 " molders 
 
 " ordnance 
 
 " painters' 
 
 
 " pipefitters* 
 
 
 " riggers' 
 
 " rope makers' 
 
 
 
 
 
 " shipwrights* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 " wood workers' 
 
 
 Oilers 
 
 
 
 
 Group III. 
 
 Acetylene operators 
 
 Anchor makers 
 
 Armature winders 
 
 Automatic machine hand 
 
 Blacksmiths, machine 
 
 
 Boat frame bender, and 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Boiler makers, left 
 
 Bolters up 
 
 
108 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 
 WASHINGTOiN, D. C— Continued. 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1911 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Butchers 
 
 Cabinet makers 
 
 Cable splicers 
 
 Cable splicers, electric 
 
 Calkers, pipe 
 
 Calkers, wood 
 
 Calkers, chippers and rivet 
 
 Calkers, chippers, iron 
 
 Canvas workers 
 
 Carpenters 
 
 Carpenters, house 
 
 Cartridge makers 
 
 Cartridge metallic case makers 
 
 Carvers 
 
 Carvers, wood 
 
 Casting cleaners 
 
 Catchers 
 
 Chauffeurs 
 
 Checkers 
 
 Concrete workers 
 
 Coopers 
 
 Coppersmiths' 
 
 Cor-e makers 
 
 Cranemen 
 
 Crane tenders, locomotive 
 
 Deckhands 
 
 Die sinkers 
 
 Die sinkers and engravers 
 
 Divers 
 
 Divers (actual work only) 
 
 Divers, tenders 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Drivers, fire engine 
 
 Drivers 
 
 Dynamo tenders 
 
 Electricians 
 
 Electricians, chronagraph 
 
 Electricians, radio 
 
 Electricians, storage battery 
 
 Electric dredge operators 
 
 Electric vehicle operators 
 
 Electric welders 
 
 Electrical instrument workers 
 
 Flectroplaters 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Engine tenders 
 
 " " crane 
 
 " " crane and locomotive 
 
 " " dredge 
 
 " " dynamo 
 
 *' " electric 
 
 " " electric and steam . . 
 
 " ** ferry boat , 
 
 " " fire boat 
 
 '* ** locomotive 
 
 '* " marine 
 
 " " pile driver , 
 
 " " road, roller 
 
 " " stationary 
 
 Fabric workers 
 
 Farriers 
 
 Fasteners 
 
 Finishers, brass 
 
 Finishers, iron 
 
 Finishers, cement 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Firemen, extra duty 
 
 3.60 
 
 2.80 
 3. '44 
 
 3.12 
 3.68 
 3.36 
 
 2.72 
 3.76 
 
 2.24 
 
 .60 
 
 ,68 
 
 3.36 
 4.00 
 3.60 
 
 52 
 
 2.40 
 
 4. ye 
 
 4. "32 
 
 4 ".64 
 
 3.44 
 
 y.2o 
 
 4.96 
 
 3!44 
 
 5.20 
 
 5.28 
 
 4^96 
 4!72 
 
 3.04 
 
RATES OF PAY IN NAVY YARDS, 1911-1917. 
 WASHINGTON, D. C— Continued. 
 
 109 
 
 Occupations 
 
 Flag makers 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Forgers, drop 
 
 Forgers, heavy 
 
 Forgers, not heavy 
 
 Frame and plate bender . . . . 
 
 Furnacemen, forge 
 
 Furancemen, foundry 
 
 Furnacemen, open hearth . . . 
 Furnacemen, steel casting . . 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 Heaters, furnace 
 
 Joiners, house 
 
 Joiners, ship 
 
 Leather workers 
 
 Lens grinders, telescope . . . . 
 
 Letterers and grainers 
 
 Machine operators 
 
 Machinists, all around 
 
 Machinists, electrical 
 
 Machinists, floor or vise hand 
 
 Machinists, tool hands 
 
 Machinists, tool-maker 
 
 Masons, brick 
 
 Masons, stone 
 
 Melters 
 
 Melters, open hearth 
 
 Metallic cartridge case makers 
 
 Millmen 
 
 Model machine operators . . . . 
 
 Model makers, wood 
 
 Model testers 
 
 Molders 
 
 Molders, steel casting 
 
 Ordnanccm^en 
 
 Packers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Patternmakers 
 
 Pavers 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 Pipefitters 
 
 Plasterers 
 
 Plumbers, house 
 
 Riggers 
 
 Rollers, brass or copper 
 
 Rodmen 
 
 Roofers 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Sand blasters operators 
 
 Seamstresses 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Shipwrights 
 
 Steel convertermen 
 
 Steel workers 
 
 Stonecutters 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Upholsterers 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 19U 
 
 ,00 
 ,16 
 76 
 
 96 
 ,96 
 
 !96 
 24 
 
 '.Ye 
 
 76 
 20 
 
 3.68 
 
 ,76 
 ,76 
 .76 
 76 
 
 ,80 
 ,80 
 
 12 
 ,80 
 76 
 
 60 
 60 
 ,36 
 72 
 52 
 00 
 ,68 
 12 
 60 
 80 
 84 
 36 
 04 
 
 Rates of Pay 
 
 1914 
 
 4.32 
 4.48 
 4.08 
 
 3.20 
 2.40 
 
 k'.bk 
 
 4.08 
 
 3.44 
 
 4.08 
 
 4'. 08 
 4.08 
 
 5.26 
 5.20 
 4.32 
 
 3. '64 
 3.36 
 3.04 
 4.08 
 
 3.92 
 5.20 
 4.16 
 3.60 
 3.28 
 
 3.44 
 3.36 
 2.16 
 
 1917 
 
 5.28 
 5.68 
 
 3.68 
 3.68 
 3.68 
 3.68 
 
 i.'so 
 
 3.68 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 4.00 
 4.96 
 4.64 
 3.84 
 4.96 
 4.96 
 
 36 
 36 
 
 48 
 92 
 00 
 
 80 
 92 
 
 4.96 
 4.96 
 4.08 
 
 4.16 
 4.96 
 
 4.96 
 5.36 
 4.96 
 4.40 
 4.40 
 3.44 
 
 3.68 
 2.56 
 4.96 
 4.80 
 
 4!72 
 4.24 
 
 3!92 
 3.52 
 4.96 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 PACIFIC COAST. 
 
 The numiber of employees of shipyards on ithe Pacific Coast have 
 increased to approximately 75,000 since .the beginning of the war. The 
 principal shipbuilding operations are centered about Seattle, Portland, 
 San Francisco and Los Angeles. Both wooden and steel ships are 
 constructed. 
 
 In the San Francisco, Portland and Seattle districts,- eight hours con- 
 stitute a day's work. Overtime is now paid for at a rate one and one- 
 half the regular time. After February first, 1918, overtime will be paid 
 for at double the regular rates. In San Francisco an additional five 
 per cent is added to the day rates for night work. 
 
 RATES OF PAY IN SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 The following statement shows the rates of pay which were in effect 
 on the principal occupations in the San Francisco shipyards from 1907 
 up to November, 1917: 
 
 SCALE OF WAGES IN EFFECT IN SAN FRANCISCO SHIPYARDS, 1907-1917, 
 BY PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS. 
 
 (Prior to Award of Labor Adjustment Board of U. S. Emergency Fleet Corporation.) 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Molders 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Blacksmiths' helpers 
 
 Pattern makers 
 
 Boiler makers 
 
 Steam fitters 
 
 Machine hands . .' 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Flangers 
 
 Layers out 
 
 Caulkers and welders (iron) 
 
 Drillers, reamers, tapers and holders on 
 
 Punch and shear men 
 
 Boiler makers' helpers 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Electrical workers 
 
 Riveters and caulkers 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Heater boys ., 
 
 Painters 
 
 Laborers (shipyard) 
 
 Helpers (general) 
 
 WOODEN CONSTRUCTION 
 Shipwrights, joiners, millmen and boatbuilders 
 Caulkers • 
 
 1907 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 $4.00 
 4.0O 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 5.00 
 4.00 
 3.50 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 3.00 
 
 3.60 
 2.75 
 1.50 
 
 2.40 
 2.40 
 
 $4.00 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.0O 
 5.00 
 4. 25 
 3.50 
 3.00 
 4.50 
 4.50 
 4.50 
 4.25 
 3.25 
 
 .00 
 3.0O 
 4.35 
 4.00 
 3.60 
 2.75 
 2.00 
 4.00 
 2.40 
 2.40 
 
 5.00-6.00 
 6.00 
 
 $4.80 
 4.80 
 4.80 
 3.60 
 5.62i 
 5.10 
 4.20 
 3.60- 
 5.10 
 5.06} 
 5.06i 
 5.10 
 3.95 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 
 6.00 
 6.00 
 
 ill 
 
112 
 
 SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 DECISION OF SHIPBUILDING LABOR ADJUSTMENT BOARD 
 OF U. S. EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION. 
 
 In November, 1917, the Labor Adjustment Board of the U. S. Emer- 
 gency Fleet Corporation increased rates of pay in Pacific Coast shipyards, 
 thirty-one per cent above the pre-war standards. Shortly thereafter an 
 additional bonus of 10 per cent for regularity of work was put in effect 
 by the Emergency Fleet Corporation. These two decisions left the 
 prevailing rates at the beginning of 1918 as follows, by occupations : 
 
 RATES ESTABLISHED IN PACIFIC COAST SHIPYARDS. 
 Minimum Wage Scale for Journeymen, Specialists, Helpers apd Laborers in Specified Crafts. 
 
 STEEL CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Machinists, specialists 
 
 Machinists' helpers 
 
 Molders 
 
 Pattern makers 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Blacksmiths' helpers 
 
 Anglesmiths 
 
 Heaters 
 
 Pipe fitters 
 
 Pipe helpers 
 
 Coppersmiths 
 
 Coppersmiths' helpers 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Sheet metal helpers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Painters, bitumastic 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Angle and frame setters 
 
 Pressmen 
 
 Boilermakers 
 
 Shipfitters 
 
 Stationary and operating engineers 
 Firemen, oilers and water tenders 
 
 Loftsmen 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Shipyard riggers — 
 
 Foremen 
 
 Journeymen 
 
 Locomotive cranes 
 
 Gantry cranes 
 
 Double cable ways 
 
 All double machines 
 
 . Electrical, steam or air operated 
 
 winches and donkeys 
 
 Riveters, chippers and caulkers. . 
 Acetylene welders 
 
 $5.77 
 4.40 
 3.96 
 5.77 
 7.15 
 5.77 
 4.29 
 5.77 
 
 3.96 
 
 5.50 
 
 6.60 
 
 6.60 
 
 5.77 
 
 5.77 ■ 
 
 5.77 
 
 5.77 
 
 5.77 
 
 3.96 
 
 6.60 
 
 3.96 
 
 6.60 
 5.50 
 6.60 
 6.60 
 6.60 
 6.60 
 
 6.60 
 5.77 
 5.77 
 
 Plate hangers 
 
 Punch and shear men 
 
 Planermen 
 
 Countersinkers 
 
 Drillers and reamers 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Slab helpers 
 
 Plate hangers' h elpers ") 
 
 Hook tenders J- 
 
 Flange fire helpers J 
 
 Machine helpers, flange ) 
 
 Boilermakers' helpers J 
 
 Shipfitters' helpers 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 Electrical workers 
 
 Electrical workers' helpers 
 
 Holders' helpers 
 
 Foundry carpenters 
 
 Furnacemen 
 
 Casting Cleaners 
 
 (San Francisco) 
 
 Frost and asbestos workers 
 
 Metal polishers and finishers 
 
 Bridge and structural iron workers 
 (Seattle) 
 
 Storekeepers, watchmen and jani- 
 tors 
 
 Engineers in charge of boilers... 
 
 Firemen with engineer in charge. 
 
 Oilers 
 
 Single aerial cables, ways 
 
 Overhead cranes (in shops) 
 
 Steam and electrical operators in 
 power houses 
 
 Furnacemen 
 
 Single drum steam, elec. or air 
 winches and donkeys not hoist- 
 ing 
 
 5.50 
 4.95 
 
 4.29 
 
 4.29 
 3.96 
 3.46 
 5.77 
 3.96 
 3.96 
 4.95 
 4.95 
 4.29 
 
 5.77 
 5.77 
 5.77 
 
 3.96 
 5.50 
 4.40 
 4.95 
 6.05 
 6.05 
 
 6.05 
 4.95 
 
 w ///////////; 
 
 WOODEN CONSTRUCTION 
 
 Shipwrights, joiners, boatbuilders and millmen 
 
 Caulkers 
 
 Laborers • and helpers 
 
 Fasteners 
 
SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 WOODEN SHIP CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 113 
 
 The following table shows for a wooden shipbuilding employing 436 
 men in the State of Washington, the minimum rates received per day 
 on August 1, 1916, and January 1, 1918: 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Daily Rate 
 
 1916 
 
 1918 
 
 
 $4.00 
 2.50 
 3.00 
 4.50 
 2.50 
 4.00 
 2.50 
 4.50 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 2.14 
 4.50 
 5.00 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 2.50 
 2.50 
 2.50 
 2.50 
 
 $5.77i 
 3.96 
 4.40 
 5.77i 
 4.29 
 5.25 
 3.96 
 6.60 
 4.40 
 5.50 
 3.96 
 6.60 
 7.15 
 5.77i 
 3.96 
 3.57 
 3.57 
 4.95 
 4.95 
 
 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Blacksmiths* helpers 
 
 Pipe fitters 
 
 Pipe fitters* helpers 
 
 
 
 Watchmen 
 
 
 Calkers 
 
 Electricians ; 
 
 Electricians' helpers 
 
 Ship laborers 
 
 Ceiling and planking crow ... 
 
 Ceiling and planking handlers 
 
 1915-1918 were as follows: 
 
 den ship construction, the rates of pay during the period 
 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 1918 
 
 $4.50 
 5.00 
 
 $5.00 
 6.00 
 
 $6.60 
 7.15 
 
 $6.60 
 7.15 
 
 Caulkers 
 
114 
 
 SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 STEEL SHIP CONSTRUCTION ON PACIFIC COAST. 
 
 In the comparative statement which follows are shown the minimum 
 daily rates of pay for workers in the principal occupations in steel ship- 
 yards in the States of Washington and Oregon for the period 1916-1918. 
 
 MINIMUM RATES OF PAY, 1916-1918 FOR STEEL SHIPYARDS IN WASHINGTON 
 AND OREGON, BY PRINCIPAL OiCCUPATIONS. 
 
 Machinists 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 1918 
 
 $4.00 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 4.50 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 2.80 
 5.30 
 2.80 
 4.75 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 5.00 
 4.50 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.60 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 3.O0 
 3.90 
 3.00 
 3.00 
 3.00 
 2.80 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 3.00 
 
 $4.40 
 3.00 
 4.50 
 6.00 
 4.50 
 3.20 
 4.00 
 4.50 
 3.00 
 5.30 
 3.O0 
 5.50 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 5.00 
 4.50 
 4.50 
 4.50 
 4.50 
 4.50 
 4.50 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.20 
 3.20 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 3.00 
 3.00 
 4.50 
 3.00 
 3.00 
 
 $5,774 
 3.96 
 5.774 
 7.15 
 5.774 
 4.29 
 5.774 
 5.774 
 3.96 
 6.60 
 3.96 
 5.774 
 3.96 
 5.50 
 6.60 
 6.60 
 5.774 
 5.77J 
 5.774 
 5.774 
 5.774 
 5.50 
 4.95 
 4.95 
 4.62 
 4.62 
 4.62 
 4.29 
 4.29 
 4.29 
 4.29 
 3.96 
 3.46 
 5.774 
 3.96 
 3.57 
 
 1 
 
 Machinists' helpers 
 
 Pattern makers 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 
 Anglesmiths 
 
 Pipe litters 
 
 Pipe fitters' helpers 
 
 
 
 Sheet metal workers 
 
 Sheet metal workers' helpers 
 
 Painters 
 
 Painters, bitumastic 
 
 Angle and furnace setters 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rivet heaters 
 
 
 
 
 The following table shows for a foundry and machine shop in Seattle, Washington, engaged 
 shipbuilding work which had 206 employes, the average rates paid by departments and 
 
 SHIP FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOP. 
 AVERAGE RATES PER HOUR, 1914-1917. (All employees) 
 
 Departments 
 
 1914 
 Cents 
 
 1915 
 Cents 
 
 1916 
 Cents 
 
 1917 
 Cents 
 
 Increase 
 1917 
 Over 
 1914 
 
 Per Cent 
 
 Machine Shop 
 
 Foundry 
 
 Boiler Shop 
 
 Pattern Shop 
 
 35.5 
 33.9 
 31.3 
 39.9 
 
 35,5 
 34.4 
 34.7 
 40.0 
 
 35.9 
 34.8 
 34.7 
 41.1 
 
 50.0 
 45.1 
 44.6 
 66.2 
 
 41 
 33 
 
 42.5 
 65.9 
 
SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 115 
 
 WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE EAST. 
 
 The Eastern shipyards, unlike those in the West in the beginning- 
 imported the English method of working their forces at piece prices. 
 The standard days basis of pay is eight hours with time and one-half 
 for overtime and double time for Sundays and on legal holidays. 
 
 RATES OF PAY. 
 
 The following rates of pay which were compiled from the records 
 of one of the largesit shipyard companies in the Delaware River district 
 shows the tendency of average earnings per hour for all classes of em- 
 ployees, by months, from July, 1914, to December, 1917. 
 
 Average Earnings per Hour, July, 1914-December, 1917, by Months. 
 
 
 
 
 Per Cent 
 
 
 
 
 Increase 
 
 Year 
 
 Month 
 
 Rates per Hour 
 
 Over 
 March 1. 1916 
 
 1914 
 
 Jnly 
 
 $ .26i 
 
 
 
 August 
 
 .26J 
 
 
 
 
 September 
 
 ,26J 
 
 
 
 
 . October 
 
 .27 
 
 
 
 
 November 
 
 .27 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 December 
 
 .27 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 .21 
 
 .27 
 
 .27 
 
 .27 
 
 .27 
 
 .27 
 
 .26* 
 
 .26i 
 
 .26* 
 
 .26i 
 
 .26* 
 
 .26* 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 January 
 February 
 
 .26 J 
 .26i 
 
 
 
 
 March 
 
 .29 
 
 io 
 
 
 April 
 
 .29* 
 
 12 
 
 
 May 
 
 .32" 
 
 21 
 
 
 June 
 
 .32* 
 
 97 
 
 
 July 
 
 .32 
 
 Y\ 
 
 
 August 
 
 .32* 
 
 21 
 
 
 September 
 
 .32* 
 
 22 
 
 
 October 
 
 .33 
 
 24 
 
 
 November 
 
 .33 
 
 24 
 
 
 December 
 
 .33J 
 
 26 
 
 1917 
 
 January 
 
 .34 
 
 28 
 
 
 February 
 
 .34 
 
 28 
 
 
 March 
 
 .35 
 
 34 
 
 
 April 
 
 .39 
 
 48 
 
 
 May 
 
 .40 
 
 51 
 
 
 June 
 
 .41 
 
 55 
 
 
 July 
 
 .41* 
 
 57 
 
 
 August 
 
 .42 
 
 59 
 
 
 September 
 
 .42 
 
 59 
 
 
 October 
 
 .43* 
 
 64 
 
 
 November 
 
 .47* 
 
 79 
 
 
 December 
 
 
 
116 
 
 SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 MINIMUM RATES OF PAY, BY OCCUPATIONS, 1914-1917. 
 
 In the following table the minimum rates of pay per hours in the 
 Delaware River District shown for the leading occupations in the ship- 
 yards for the two years, 1914 and 1917, together with increase in per 
 cent in 1917 as compared with 1914. The table is based upon the records 
 of one of the leading companies in this section. 
 
 MIKTMUM DAY RATES OF PAY, 1914-1917— DELAWARE RIVER SHIPYARDS 
 
 (PHILADELPHIA). 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Yard gang boss 
 
 Locomotive engineers 
 
 Road crane engineers 
 
 Operators, yard cranes 
 
 Operators, shop and gantry cranes 
 
 Conductors, locomotive 
 
 Conductors, road cranes 
 
 Gantrymen, bosses 
 
 Gantrymen 
 
 Shop men, bosses 
 
 Shop men 
 
 Loftsmen, 1st class 
 
 Loftsmen, 2nd class 
 
 Painters 
 
 Polishers 
 
 Pattern maimers 
 
 Marine leaders 
 
 IVIarine riggers 
 
 Crane leaders 
 
 Cranemen 
 
 Erector leaders 
 
 Erectors 
 
 Rivet testers 
 
 Stage builders 
 
 Hand riveters 
 
 Pneumatic riveters 
 
 Holders on 
 
 Heaters 
 
 Passers 
 
 Ship carpenters, 1st class 
 
 Ship carpenters, 2nd class 
 
 Fasteners 
 
 Wood caulkers 
 
 Wood reamers 
 
 Punchers 
 
 Planer and scraper 
 
 Drillers and countersinkers 
 
 Bending roller 
 
 Mangle roller 
 
 Pressmen, 1st class 
 
 Pressmen, 2nd class 
 
 Sawyers 
 
 T^yer out 
 
 Sheet-metal workers 
 
 Acetylene burners, 1st class 
 
 Acetylene burners, 2nd class 
 
 Acetylene welder 
 
 Anglesmith 
 
 Electric welder 
 
 Placksmith 
 
 Heavy forger 
 
 Drop forger 
 
 Heavy forger 
 
 Drop forger 
 
 Hammer drivers 
 
 Furnacemen 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Per Cent 
 Increase 
 
 22} 
 27} 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 22} 
 20 
 22} 
 20 
 22} 
 17} 
 39 
 30 
 33} 
 30- 
 27} 
 30 
 23 
 35 
 22} 
 25 
 17} 
 29} 
 25 
 20 
 20 
 IS 
 10 
 8 
 33 
 30 
 22} 
 35 
 20 
 22 
 25 
 22 
 27} 
 25 
 33 
 30 
 22 
 46 
 30 
 30 
 25 
 30 
 30 
 40 
 22 
 47} 
 17} 
 47} 
 17} 
 17} 
 29} 
 
 38} 
 48} 
 46} 
 45 
 42 
 38 
 35 
 38* 
 35 
 35 
 33 
 64} 
 45 
 53 
 53 
 42} 
 53 
 42} 
 61 
 42} 
 47 
 35 
 58} 
 44} 
 35 
 35 
 29 
 23 
 22 
 58 
 55 
 44 
 58 
 33 
 38} 
 41 
 41 
 49} 
 44 
 55 
 49} 
 38} 
 67 
 SO 
 48 
 43 
 48 
 35 
 59 
 45 
 104} 
 37* 
 104} 
 37} 
 37} 
 44 
 
 71 
 76 
 86 
 80 
 68 
 69 
 75 
 71 
 75 
 55} 
 19 
 65 
 SO 
 62 
 77 
 54} 
 77 
 85 
 74 
 89 
 88 
 lOO 
 98 
 78 
 75 
 75 
 965 
 120 
 175 
 76 
 83} 
 95} 
 66 
 65 
 75 
 64 
 86 
 80 
 76 
 66S 
 65 
 75 
 46 
 665 
 60 
 72 
 60 
 16J 
 47} 
 104} 
 120 
 114 
 120 
 114 
 114 
 48 
 
SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 117 
 
 MIXIXMUM DAY RATES OF PAY, 1914-1917— DELA\\\YRE RIVER SHIPYARDS 
 (PHILADELPHIA) .—Continued 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Boilermakers 
 
 Drillers, boiler shop 
 
 Flange turners 
 
 Furnacemen, boiler shop 
 
 Crane operators, boiler shop . . 
 
 Bolters 
 
 Linermen-quartermen 
 
 Linermen 
 
 Linerilien helpers 
 
 Cementers 
 
 Cementers' helpers 
 
 Tank testers 
 
 Hand clippers 
 
 Pneumatic clippers and caulkers 
 
 Coppersmitlis 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 Marine erectors 
 
 Drillers — quartermen 
 
 Drillers 
 
 Reamers — quartermen 
 
 Reamers 
 
 Electricians, 1st class 
 
 Electricians, 2nd class 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 Machinists, electricians 
 
 Machinists, 1st class 
 
 Machinists, 2nd class 
 
 Machinists, 3rd class 
 
 Fitters, 1st class 
 
 Fitters, 2nd class 
 
 Coremakers, brass foundry .... 
 Coremakers, iron foundry . . . . 
 
 Moulders 
 
 Cupola tenders, iron foundry . . 
 
 Firemen, furnace dept 
 
 Furnace men, iron foundry . . . 
 
 Mechanics, 1st class 
 
 Mechanics, 2nd class 
 
 Mechanics, 3rd class 
 
 Joiners 
 
 Machine men, joiner dept 
 
 Machine men, lumber dept 
 
 Boss helper, lumber dept 
 
 Helpers, lumber dept 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 Per Cent 
 Increase 
 
 18* 
 
 18i 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 16j 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 17J 
 
 25 
 
 22* 
 
 22i 
 
 36 
 
 33 
 
 27i 
 
 37 
 
 17* 
 
 29i 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 27* 
 
 30 
 
 33 
 
 30J 
 
 27i 
 
 30 
 
 27* 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 33 
 
 30* 
 
 27 i 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 35 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 38 
 
 35 
 
 61J 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 47 
 
 42 
 
 33 
 
 35 
 
 33 
 
 53 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 61J 
 
 55 
 
 44 
 
 73* 
 
 35 
 
 66 
 
 29 
 
 49i 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 49i 
 
 55 
 
 49* 
 
 44 
 
 58* 
 
 52 
 
 61i 
 
 61i 
 
 61i 
 
 501 
 
 40 
 
 33 
 
 55 
 
 49* 
 
 44 
 
 58 
 
 58 
 
 58 
 
 38J 
 
 33 
 
 105 
 
 89 
 146 
 100 
 140 
 
 96i 
 
 74 
 110 
 120 
 
 75 
 
 88i 
 112 
 
 55* 
 
 55i 
 
 71 
 
 665 
 
 60 
 
 90 
 100 
 124 
 
 961 
 
 65 
 
 60 
 100 
 
 65 
 
 661 
 
 62 
 
 60 
 
 95 
 
 90 
 120 
 105 
 105 
 
 715 
 100 
 
 65 
 
 661 
 
 62 
 
 60 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 66 
 
 54 
 120 
 
118 SHIPYARD WORKERS. 
 
 AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS OF PIECE-WORKERS 
 
 The average hourly earnings of the principal classes of piece-workers 
 in the Delaware River District in December, 1917, were as follows: 
 
 PIECE WORK EARNINGS. 
 
 Department 
 
 Earnings 
 Per Hour 
 
 Line 
 
 83.2c 
 92.0c 
 90.0c 
 67.5c 
 45.0c 
 66.2c 
 87.3c 
 54.6c 
 64.9c 
 70.5c 
 74.7c 
 $1.19 
 $1.21 
 73.1c 
 $1.18 
 
 Pneumatic chipper and caulking 
 
 ' ' riveting 
 
 " heating 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Anglesmith 
 
 Acetylene welder 
 
 Shin fitter 
 
 $1.17 
 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 Union rates of wages in the metal trades over a period of years are 
 particularly difficult to obtain owing to the fact that the wage agreements 
 usually apply only to a particular establishment or group of establish- 
 ments and not to a fixed territory, as is customary, for example, in the 
 building and printing trades. This results in a great multitude of agree- 
 ments and wage scaks, subject to irregular changes. 
 
 In making the present compilation, no information for the country as 
 a whole could be obtained later than -the data collected by the United 
 States Bureau of Labor Statistics as of May 15, 1917; and these are 
 probably not of a sufficiently late date to represent the wage advances 
 which have taken place among the metal trades in the past several 
 months. 
 
 For one important group of metal workers, however, wage data are 
 available from 1907 to the end of 1917. This group consists of the 
 Federated Shop Employees of the Southeastern Railways. 
 
 WAGE RATES OF BLACKSMITHS, BOILERMAKERS AND 
 
 MACHINISTS IN SOUTHEASTERN RAILWAY 
 
 DISTRICT, 1907-DECEMBER, 1917. 
 
 On August 23, 1917, a general agreement was entered into between 
 the southeastern railroads and the men employed in their various shops. 
 The roads represented were : Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Central of 
 Georgia Railway, Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, Georgia Southern & 
 Florida Railway, Mobile & Ohio Railroad, Norfolk and Western Rail- 
 way', Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad, Seaboard Air Line 
 Railway, Southern Railway System, Virginian Railway, Alabama & 
 Vicksburg and Vicksburg, Shrevep»ort & Pacific Railways. The trades 
 represented were : Machinists, boilermakers, blacksmiths, sheet metal 
 workers, pipefitters, electricians, car men, and apprentices and helpers. 
 
 The agreement established wage increases, hours of labor, and work- 
 ing conditions for all the trades mentioned in the various shops of the 
 railroad systems listed above. The agreement became effective Septem- 
 ber 1, 1917, and, it is reported, the wage scales therein established were 
 unchanged as late as December, 1917. 
 
 By means of the data in this agreement it is possible to carry existing 
 wage statistics from 1907 down to December, 1917, in the case of black- 
 smiths, boilermakers, and machinists in certain cities in the southeastern 
 railroad district. 
 
 The tabulated results are shown in the following table, which gives, 
 for these trades and cities, the rates of wages and hours of labor, and 
 the increase over the regular rate for overtime. In none of the cases 
 listed was a half-day holiday on Saturdays reported. 
 
 119 
 
120 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 The wage trend indicated is no doubt representative of all the metal 
 trades in the section dealt with, and may probably be taken as fairly 
 representative of the wage movement in these trades for the country 
 as a whole. 
 
 TABLE 1. RATES OF WAGES OF BLACKSMITHS, BOILERMAKERS AND MACHIN- 
 ISTS IN SOUTHEASTERN RAILROAD SHOPS, 1907-DEC. 1917. 
 
 PART 1. BLACKSMITHS. 
 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of 
 
 wages 
 
 
 Hours, 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 For 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 Sundays 
 
 Full day 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Saturdayi 
 Full week 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 1907 
 
 32.5 
 
 $17.55 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1911 
 
 39.0 
 
 21.06 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 J912 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 1^ 
 
 I'A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.68 
 
 i'4 
 
 i>4 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.5 
 
 24.24 
 
 I'A 
 
 1/2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 1907 
 
 34.0 
 
 18.36 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1911 
 
 39.0 
 
 21.06 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1912 
 
 39.0 
 
 21.06 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.68 
 
 i'A 
 
 154 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.5 
 
 24.24 
 
 I'A 
 
 VA 
 
 8-8-48 
 
UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 121 
 
 TABLE 1. Rf\TES OF WAGES OF BLACKSMITHS, BOILERMAKERS AND MACHIN- 
 ISTS IN SOUTHEASTERN RAILROAD SHOPS, 1907-DEC. 1917.— Continued. 
 
 PART 2. BOILERMAKERS. 
 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 full 
 time 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Hours, 
 Full day 
 Saturday 
 Full week 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Richmond, A'a. 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 31.0 
 38.0 
 39.5 
 41.0 
 42.0 
 
 50.5 
 
 38.0 
 39.0 
 41.0 
 42.0 
 
 50.5 
 
 27.5 
 38.0 
 39.0 
 41.0 
 42.0 
 
 50.5 
 
 26.5 
 37.3 
 39.3 
 41.3 
 42.3 
 
 50.8 
 
 35.0 
 39.0 
 40.0 
 41.0 
 43.5 
 
 52.0 
 
 33.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 41.0 
 42.0 
 
 52.0 
 
 $16.74 
 20.52 
 21.33 
 22.14 
 22.68 
 
 24.24 
 
 20.52 
 21.06 
 22.14 
 22.68 
 
 24.24 
 
 16.50 
 20.52 
 21.06 
 22.14 
 22.68 
 
 24.24 
 
 15.90 
 20.12 
 21.20 
 22.28 
 22.82 
 
 24.38 
 
 19.80 
 21.06 
 21.60 
 22.14 
 23.49 
 
 24.96 
 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 22.14 
 22.68 
 
 24.96 
 
 154 
 
 154 
 VA 
 
 I 'A 
 I A 
 
 iA 
 
 lA 
 lA 
 
 VA 
 
 lA 
 lA 
 
 lA 
 
 lA 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
122 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 1. RATES OF WAGES OF BLACKSMITHS, BOILERMAKERS AND MACHIN- 
 ISTS IN SOUTHEASTERN RAILROAD SHOPS, 1907-DBC. 1917.— Continued. 
 
 PART 3. MACHINISTS 
 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of 
 
 wages 
 
 
 Hours, 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 For 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 Sundays 
 
 Full day 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Saturday 
 Full week 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 1907 
 
 30.0 
 
 $18.00 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 1911 
 
 38.0 
 
 20.52 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1912 
 
 38.0 
 
 20.52 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 i'A 
 
 154 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.68 
 
 i'A 
 
 1/2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.5 
 
 24.24 
 
 I'A 
 
 I A 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 1907 
 
 34.5 
 
 18.63 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 1/2 
 
 I A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.68 
 
 i'A 
 
 I A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.5 
 
 24.24 
 
 1/2 
 
 \A 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 Richmond, \'a. 
 
 1907 
 
 29.0 
 
 17.40 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 1911 
 
 36.5 
 
 19.71 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1912 
 
 36.5 
 
 19.71 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1914 
 
 38.6 
 
 22.82 
 
 I'A 
 
 lA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.68 
 
 I'A- 
 
 I A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.5 
 
 24.24 
 
 l/a 
 
 lA 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 1907 
 
 32.0 
 
 17.28 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1911 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1912 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 1914 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 iA 
 
 iA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.5 
 
 22.95 
 
 iA 
 
 ^A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.5 
 
 24.24 
 
 I A 
 
 lA 
 
 8-8-48 
 
UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 123 
 
 WAGE RATES IN METAL TRADES IN VARIOUS CITIES, 
 1907 TO MAY, 1917. 
 
 Below are given the wage rates and hours of labor for blacksmiths, 
 boilermakers, and machinists (except for the cities covered in Table 1), 
 lor selected years from 1907 to May 15, 1917. These data were col- 
 lected by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and, as noted 
 above, can not be brought down to a later date. 
 
 In explanation of terms, it may be said that the union scale is a state- 
 ment, either written or definitely understood, of wages and hours of 
 labor agreed to or accepted by an organization of union men and an 
 employer or group of employers, under which agreement union men 
 actually are working. The union scale usually fixes the limit m only 
 one direction. It sets a minimum wage and a maximum of hours for a 
 regular day's work. This compilation shows such minimum wage and 
 maximum hours as are established by the agreed scale. In certain 
 cities and trades, however, some workmen actually are paid more than 
 the scale, and in some instances, employees work less than the scale 
 hours. As a general rule the union scale represents the prevailing wage 
 of a locality for elBcient labor. 
 
 The tables show the rates of wages and hours of labor, the increase 
 over the regular rate for overtime, Sunday, and holiday work, and 
 the number of months in the year in which there was a Saturday half 
 holiday. When for a period of more than three months of a year the 
 number of hours differed from those shown for May, the difference 
 has been noted in the tables. 
 
124 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 2. RATES OF WAGES OF BLACKSMITHS, 1907-1917. 
 [All entries are for the month of May.l 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 Mos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Hours — 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full time 
 
 tim'e 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 days; 
 Full 
 week 
 
 day 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 1907 
 
 .10.0 
 
 $18.00 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 33.0 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Jobbing shops) 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 154 
 
 IVi 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 * 
 
 1917 
 
 55. 
 
 29.70 
 
 1/. 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 
 27.8 
 
 15.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 30.6 
 
 16.50 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IVz 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 
 27.5 
 
 16.00 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 32.5 
 
 16.25 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 (Locomotive. 
 
 1912 
 
 32.5 
 
 16.25 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 worlcs) 
 
 1914 
 
 32.5 
 
 16.25 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 
 9-5-50 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 32.5 
 
 16.25 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 
 9-5-50 
 
 12 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 1907 
 
 30.0 
 
 16.20 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 20.25 
 
 I'A 
 
 VA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 39.0 
 
 23.40 
 
 1/2 
 
 VA 
 
 10-10-60 
 
 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 1907 
 
 36.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 VA 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 41.7 
 
 22.50 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 1911 
 
 32.5 
 
 17.88 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 32.5 
 
 17.88 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 32.5 
 
 17.88 
 
 VA 
 
 2 
 
 1 0-5-5 S 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 35.0 
 
 19.25 
 
 VA 
 
 2 
 
 10-5-55 
 
 12 
 
 Chicago, III. 
 
 1907 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 
 (Outside men) 
 
 1912 
 
 68.8 
 
 30.25 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 68.8 
 
 =30. 25 
 
 VA 
 
 2 
 
 8-4-»44 
 
 i 
 
 
 1917 
 
 t 75.0 
 
 33.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-4-44 
 
 12 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 34. S 
 
 18.63 
 
 VA 
 
 I A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 38.5 
 
 20.79 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 1912 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 .. 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 VA 
 
 VA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 ^ 48 hours January to April and September to December. 
 2 48 hours and $33.00. September to April inclusive. 
 
UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 125 
 
 TABLE 2. RATES OF WAGES OF BLACKSMITHS, 1907-1917.— Continued. 
 [All entries are for the montli of May.] 
 
 1 
 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Hours — 
 
 Mos. 
 
 City 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full time 
 
 time 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 days: 
 Full 
 week 
 
 day 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 IH 
 
 I'A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 1/. 
 
 lA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 1907 
 
 38.0 
 
 22.80 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1912 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.25 
 
 l!4 
 
 iA 
 
 9-9-' 5 3 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.5 
 
 25.50 
 
 l/a 
 
 I A 
 
 9-8-= 53 
 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 1911 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 I'A 
 
 lA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 1907 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 i'A 
 
 lA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 I'A 
 
 iA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 1907 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 19H 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1/3 
 
 2 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 1907 
 
 39.0 
 
 21.06 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 44.7 
 
 21.46 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 44.7 
 
 21.46 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 44.7 
 
 21.46 
 
 IV2 
 
 lA 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 1^ 
 
 \A 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 1907 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1^ 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 " Work 53 hours, paid for 53 hours and 53 minutes. 
 
126 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 3. RATES OF WAGES OF BOILERMAKERS, 1907-1917. 
 [All entries are for the month of May.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 Mos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Hours — 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full time 
 
 time 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 days; 
 Full 
 week 
 
 day 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 1907 
 
 34.0 
 
 $18.36 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.0 
 
 24.84 
 
 ^VA 
 
 n/. 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 1907 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 41.7 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 
 41.7 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 1/. 
 
 lA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 
 i'A 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 36.7 
 
 19.82 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 2 
 
 "3 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.0 
 
 23.00 
 
 e 
 
 2 
 
 9-5-50 
 
 12 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 *9 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 'i 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 »3 
 
 8-4-44 
 
 3 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 1907 
 
 27.8 
 
 15.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 30.6 
 
 16.50 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 30.6 
 
 16.50 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 30.6 
 
 16.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 48.0 
 
 23.76 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9-4J-49J 
 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 68.8 
 
 33.00 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 1907 
 
 32.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 36.5 
 
 19.71 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 36.5 
 
 19.71 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 i'A • 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 1907 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.56 
 
 
 
 H9i 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 '49i 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 '49i 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42,0 
 
 22.68 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 1907 
 
 50.0 
 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-4-44 
 
 \2 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70.0 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-4-44 
 
 12 
 
 lYi-, after 4 p. 
 
 Saturday, 2. On 
 
 ^ On new work, lyi; on old work, 2. ^ New work, 
 
 repair work, 2; after 4 p. m. Saturday, 2J^. 
 ^ Labor Day, 4. * Labor Day and repair work, 4. 
 ^ On repair work; on new work, regular rate multiplied by 
 
 multiplied by 4. 
 ^ On new work, regular rate multiplied by lYz; after 4 p. m. on Saturday, by 
 
 repair work, regular rate multiplied by 2; after 4 p. m. on Saturday by 2J^. 
 ' 54 hours January to April and October to December'. 
 
 For Labor Day, regular rate 
 On 
 
UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 127 
 
 TABLE 3. RATES OF WAGES OF BOILERMAKERS, 1907-1917.— Continued. 
 [."Ml entries are for the month of May.] 
 
 lAnd on Saturday afternoon. „ . 
 
 • 54 hours January to April and October to December. 
 ' 44 hours per week, June to August inclusive. 
 ' Not reported. , „ ^ , ^ « -i 
 2 54 hours per week, October to April. 
 •Work 53 hours, paid for 54. 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 Mos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Hours — 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full time 
 
 time 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 days; 
 Full 
 week 
 
 day 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Cincinnati, O. 
 
 1907 
 
 35.0 
 
 16.80 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 p 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Cleveland, O. 
 
 1907 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 VA 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 '5 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.75 
 
 1/2 
 
 12 
 
 59_4}-49i 
 
 5 
 
 Cleveland, 0. 
 
 1907 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 -> 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 '5 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 I'A 
 
 12 
 
 8-4-48 
 
 6 
 
 Cleveland, O. 
 
 1907 
 
 30.0 
 
 16.20 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 34.0 
 
 18.36 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1912 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35.5 
 
 19.17 
 
 i/j 
 
 1/2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 75.0 
 
 33.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-4-44 
 
 12 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 1907 
 
 30.0 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 35.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 34.0 
 
 20.40 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 22.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 i'A 
 
 10-5-55 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 
 22.00 
 
 VA 
 
 ' 
 
 10-5-55 
 
 t 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 1907 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 1/2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 1/3 
 
 1/2 
 
 8-8-M8 
 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 1907 
 
 32.0 
 
 15.36 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 32.0 
 
 16.00 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 32,0 
 
 16.00 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 35.0 
 
 17.50 
 
 1/2 
 
 3 
 
 9-5-50 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 9-5-50 
 
 4 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 1911 
 
 60.0 
 
 28.80 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 19.20 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65.0 
 
 31.20 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 
 38.0 
 
 22.80 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 38.0 
 
 20.52 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 38.0 
 
 20.52 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 I'A 
 
 i'A 
 
 9-8-» 53 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
128 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 3. RATES OF WAGES OF BOILERMAKERS, 1907-1917.— Continued. 
 [All entries are for the month of May.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 Mos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Hours — 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full time 
 
 time 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 days; 
 Full 
 week 
 
 day 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 
 38.0 
 
 22.80 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 45. 
 
 24.30 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ^'A 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 ■21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 219.80 
 
 1/. 
 
 ny. 
 
 9-4J-M9i 
 
 '4 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 
 19.80 
 
 n'A 
 
 HA 
 
 9-4J-49J 
 
 4 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 1907 
 
 35.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 I'A 
 
 lA 
 
 10-10-60 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.5 
 
 28.50 
 
 i'4 
 
 2 
 
 10-10-60 
 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 1911 
 
 41.0 ■ 
 
 24.60 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 41.0 
 
 24.60 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 42.5 
 
 25.50 
 
 I'A 
 
 lA 
 
 10-10-60 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 V/z 
 
 I A 
 
 10-10-60 
 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 1907 
 
 25.0 
 
 15.00 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 32.0 
 
 ■ 17.28 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 32.0 
 
 17.28 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 32.0 
 
 17.28 
 
 1'/^ 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 35.0 
 
 17.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9-5-50 
 
 '3 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 38.0 
 41.0 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 41.0 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 22!i4 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 42.5 
 
 22!95 
 
 1^ 
 
 lA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 VA 
 
 i^A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 38.9 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 38.9 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 38.9 
 
 21 .'66 
 
 iA 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 1912 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.68 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 43. S 
 
 23.40 
 
 lA 
 
 2 
 
 9-8^53 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.0 
 
 24.84 
 
 lA 
 
 lA 
 
 9-8^53 
 
 
 Denver, Col. 
 
 1907 
 
 37.0 
 
 19.98 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 37.0 
 
 19.98 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 iA 
 
 ^A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.5 
 
 21.68 
 
 lA 
 
 ik 
 
 8J-8i-51 
 
 
 ^ Work 53 hours, paid for 54. 
 
 2 54 hours and $21.60 per week, September to April inclusive. 
 
 ^ On new work; on repair work, 2. 
 
UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 129 
 
 tABLE 3, RATES ©F WAGES OF BOILERMAKERS, 1907-19l7.=eBhtinuei 
 [All entries are for the month of May.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of 
 
 kVages 
 
 
 ■ ■ 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 
 —7 ^^ 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Hours — 
 
 Mos. 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 . .City 
 
 Year 
 
 h 'ur 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full time 
 
 time 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 days; 
 Full 
 week 
 
 day 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Denver, Col. 
 
 1907 
 
 37.0 
 
 19.98 
 
 
 ' 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 JOll 
 
 41.0 
 
 19.68 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 191^ 
 
 41.0 
 
 19.68 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1ji4 
 
 41.0 
 
 19.68 
 
 VA 
 
 i'A 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.5 
 
 20.88 
 
 1/. 
 
 iVi 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 1907 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 f8 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 lYi 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.0 
 
 25.44 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 1912 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1914 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK. 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1917 
 
 53.0 
 
 25.44 
 
 1^ 
 
 2 
 
 8-«^8 
 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 1907 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 43.0 
 
 23.22 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 43.0 
 
 23.22 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 43.0 
 
 23.22 
 
 1/2 
 
 ly^ 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.6 
 
 27.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 i'A 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 1907 
 
 36.0 
 
 19.44 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 43.0 
 
 20.64 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1912 
 
 43.0 
 
 ?0.64 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.0 
 
 20.64 
 
 1^ 
 
 I'A 
 
 8-8^8. 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.5 
 
 21.84 
 
 1/. 
 
 1/= 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 San Franciseo, Gal. 
 
 1907 
 
 50. p 
 50.5 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 »15^ 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 
 IH 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 SCO 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 ■ 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 MH 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 -27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 ^ Double time after 10 p. m. on new work. 
 
130 
 
 UNIpN RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 4. RATES "OF WAGES OF MACHINISTS,' ■1907-1917." 
 [AH entries are for the month of May;] 
 
 
 
 
 -- — — - 
 
 
 , «— - 
 
 -i-i '- i;,. -. 
 
 ~: „-,T.-.. 
 
 City 
 
 i 
 
 ) 
 Year 
 
 '"" , 
 
 Rates, of Wages! 
 
 i 
 
 Hours — 
 Full days. 
 Satur- 
 days; 
 Full 
 week 
 
 No. of 
 
 Mos. 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 f 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 
 full time 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time 
 
 For 
 
 ,Sun-l ' 
 
 days' 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 j Boston, Mass. 
 
 (Railroad Shops A) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 28.5 . 
 
 28.5 
 
 .32.5 
 
 $15.39 
 15.^9 , 
 17.^5 
 
 1/a 
 1/. 
 
 . \y2 ' 
 
 1/2 
 
 54 ' 
 9-8-J53. 
 
 ■'•- 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 .1917 
 
 25.0 
 32.0 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 
 15.00 
 17.28 
 18.00 
 20.25 
 21.60 ■ 
 
 1/2 
 
 »l/2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 60 
 
 54. 
 
 54- 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-5.4 
 
 :-..•■ ■ 
 
 ' Buffalo, N. Y. 
 (Tool ancj Die 
 Makers) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 
 40.0 
 
 . 50.0 
 
 20.25 
 21.6b 
 27.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 i 
 2 
 
 54 
 9-9-54. 
 9-9-54 
 
 ..;,.,-■ - 
 
 ; N'ewark, N. J. 
 
 ! (Manufacturing 
 j Shop A) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 , 1917 
 
 33.3 
 36.1 
 36.1 
 36.1 
 ,45.0 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 21.60 
 
 
 •2 
 2 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 -'' 
 
 ■ Newark, N. J. 
 ; (Tool and Die 
 Makers) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 42.0 
 45.0 
 
 22.68 
 22.68 
 24. 3P 
 
 ny, 
 
 '1/2 
 
 . 2 
 .2 
 
 54 
 9-9-54. 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 'New York, N.. Y. 
 
 j (Printing Press 
 ' Factories) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 27.8 
 36.1 
 38.2 
 41.0 
 50.0 
 
 15.00 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.68 
 24.00 
 
 1/2 
 1^ 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 54 
 54 
 51 
 
 8-8-48. 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 ;New York, N. Y. 
 
 (Auto Repair 
 Shops). 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 56.3 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 . 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 48.0 
 
 18.00 
 18.0b 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 25.92 
 
 ij^ 
 '\y 
 
 2 
 '2 
 
 54 
 ■ 54' 
 
 54 
 9.-9-54 
 9-9-54 
 
 ■ - 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 (Tool and Die 
 Makers) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 37. S 
 60.0 
 
 20.25 
 20.25 
 32.40 
 
 1/2 
 ny, 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 54' 
 
 9-9-54 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 42.0 
 
 19.25 
 19.25 
 22.68 
 
 1/2 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 W2 
 
 55 
 10.-5^55. 
 9-9-54 
 
 12 
 
 ^ Double lime after midnight. 
 = Double time after midnight. 
 3 Double time after 10 a. m. 
 * Double time after first 4 hours. 
 
UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 131 
 
 TABLE, 4. SATES OF WAGES. OF MACHINISTS, 1907-1917.— Continued. 
 [All entries are for the month of May.l 
 
 City 
 
 ■Year 
 
 I 
 
 - ■ " - - 
 
 Rates of 
 
 Wages 
 
 
 1 Hours — 
 Pull days 
 
 Satur- 
 , days; 
 1 Full 
 [ week 
 
 4 
 
 No. of 
 Mos. 
 with 
 : Satur- 
 day 
 , half- 
 holiday 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 
 full time 
 
 For 
 j over- 
 1 time 
 
 1 For 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 
 holidays 
 
 1 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 '907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 .'0.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 50.0 
 
 ' 6 .'20 
 18.90 
 18.90 
 18.90 
 27.00 
 
 154 
 1^ 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 ?4 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 27.5 
 27.5 
 .27.5 
 27.5 
 30.0 
 
 15.13 
 15.13 
 . 15.13 
 15.13 
 16.50 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 10-5-55 
 
 10-5-55 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 (Tool and Die 
 Makers) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 50.0 
 
 19.25 
 19.25 
 27.50 
 
 1/2 
 . 1/2 
 
 3 
 
 1 " 
 
 55 
 10-5-55 
 10-5-55 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 (Specialists) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 22.0 
 22.0 
 25.0 
 
 12.10 
 12.10 
 13.75 
 
 1!^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 2 
 
 55 
 10-5-55 
 10-5-55 
 
 i2 
 13 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 30.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 40.0 
 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.60 
 
 1)4 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 154 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 10-10-60 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 30.6 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 47.0 
 
 16.50 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 22.56 
 
 '1/2 
 
 2 
 
 i 2 
 
 1 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 .. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 (Outside Men) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 47.0 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 22.56 
 
 '154 
 
 1 
 
 48 
 8-8^8 
 8-8^8 
 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 28.6 
 34.0 
 40.0 
 
 17.16 
 
 18.36 
 
 . 21.60 
 
 154 
 154 
 
 1/2 
 
 60 
 9-9-54 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 32.5 
 36.5 
 36.5 
 36.5 
 40.0 
 
 19.50 
 19.71 
 19.71 
 19.71 
 21.60 
 
 1/5 
 1/2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 (Manufacturing) 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 30.0 
 35.5 
 35.5 
 35.5 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 19.53 
 19.53 
 19.53 
 20.63 
 
 15^ 
 154 
 
 2 1 
 1/2 
 
 55 
 
 55 - 
 
 55 : 
 
 10-5-55 ■ 
 10-5-55 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 50.0 
 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19 50 
 24.00 
 
 154 
 'I54 
 
 2 1 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 . 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 .. .. 
 
 1 Double time after midnight. 
 
132 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL- TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 4. -RATES OF WAGES OF MACHINISTS, 1907-1?1.7.— Continued.' 
 [All entries' are for the "month of May.l 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 Hours — 
 Full days 
 Satur- 
 days; 
 Full 
 week 
 
 No. of 
 Mos.- 
 with 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 full time 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time 
 
 For 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 (Railroad 
 
 Shops A) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 39.5 
 41.0 
 52.0 
 
 " 19.55 
 20.30 
 24.96 
 
 1/2 
 1/2 
 
 1/2 
 1/2 
 
 49i 
 9^i-49J 
 8-8-48 
 
 12 
 
 Cincinnati,, 0. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 1 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 30.0 
 30.0 
 30.0 
 32.5 
 42.0 
 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 17.06 
 20.16 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 9J-5-52J 
 
 8J-5i-48 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■Cincinnati, 0. 
 
 (Tool and Die 
 Makers) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 48.0 
 
 19.25 
 19.25 
 19.25 
 18.38 
 
 23.04 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 9i-5-52i 
 
 8i-5J-48 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 Cleveland, 0. 
 
 (Tool and Die 
 Maimers) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 58.3 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 29.17 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-5-50 
 
 12 
 
 Cleveland, O. 
 ; (Specialists) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 30.6 
 30.6 
 30.6 
 30.6 
 36.1 
 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 18.06 
 
 I'A 
 1154 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-5-50 
 
 12 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 (Die Sinkers) 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 65.0 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 35.75 
 
 1/2 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 10-5-55 
 
 10-5-55 
 
 i2 
 
 12 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 (Jobbing Shops) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 33.3 
 35.0 
 45.0 
 
 18.00 
 18.90 
 24.30 
 
 1/2 
 1K2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 54 
 9-9-54 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 (Outside) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 I'A 
 1^ 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 48 
 8-8-48 
 8-8-48 
 
 '• 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 (Railroad Shops B) 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 34.5 
 35.5 
 35.5 
 
 20.70 
 19.17 
 19.17 
 
 1^ 
 1/2 
 
 IH 
 1/2 
 
 60 
 9-9-54 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 30.5 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 36.0 
 38.5 
 
 18.30 
 18.90 
 18.90 
 19.44 
 20.79 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 .. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 Shops) 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 37.0 
 37.0 
 37.0 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 
 i'A 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 '■' 
 
 ^ Double time after midnight. 
 
UXIOX RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 133 
 
 TABLE 4.- RATES OF WAGES OF MACHINISTS, 190M917.— Continued. 
 [All entries are tor the month of May.] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - . - _- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of 
 
 Wages 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 Mos. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Hours — 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 city 
 
 Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 days 
 and 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full time 
 
 time 
 
 days: 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 week 
 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Tool and Die 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Makers) 
 
 1914 
 
 t 42.5 
 
 22.95 
 
 i'A 
 
 iA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 1 52.5 
 
 25.20 
 
 ny. 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Milwaukee. Wis. 
 
 1911 
 
 33.0 
 
 18.15 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 33.0 
 
 18.15 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 33.0 
 
 18.15 
 
 i'A 
 
 1 
 
 10-5-55 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.05 
 
 VA 
 
 2 
 
 9i-5-55 
 
 
 Omaha, Xeb. 
 
 1907 
 
 35.0 
 
 18.90 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 i"j 
 
 I'A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 IK- 
 
 lA 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Omaha, Xeb. 
 
 1911 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Auto Repair 
 
 1912 
 
 44 4 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 I A 
 
 i'A 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 VA 
 
 1;^ 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 1912 
 
 39.0 
 
 21.06 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (x^ailrcad Shops) 
 
 "1914 
 
 43.0 
 
 23.22 
 
 iA 
 
 IH 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.5 
 
 24.57 
 
 lA 
 
 1/2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 
 30.0 
 
 16.20 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 33.0 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 33.0 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 37.0 
 
 19.98 
 
 VA 
 
 I 
 
 9-9-" 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 44.0 
 
 23.76 
 
 = 1/. 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Sl Louis, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 
 40.0 - 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Tool and Die 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Makers) 
 
 1914 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 l/a 
 
 2 
 
 9-9^54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55.0 
 
 29.70 ; 
 
 lA 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1911 
 
 48.0 
 
 23.04 
 
 
 
 48. 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 i (Breweries) 
 
 1914 
 
 52.5 
 
 25.20 
 
 I A 
 
 o 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 ; 
 
 1917 
 
 55.0 
 
 26.40 
 
 1 
 
 -lA 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 ■ St. Louis, Mo. , 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 ' 
 
 
 (Printing Mach'y 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 nii 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 " 
 
 
 Repair Shops) 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 = !■< 
 
 - 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 1907 
 
 "35.0 ! 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 60 : 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing ! 
 
 1912 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 42.5 
 
 22.95 i 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 ( 
 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 j 
 
 1/2 
 
 - 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 ^ Hours vary but total 54- per week. 
 2 Double time after midnight. 
 
134 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL -TRADES. 
 
 TABLE -4-,— SATES.-'OF-- WAGESTOF-MACHINISTSi 1907n517.r-Coittiiiued.- 
 [All entries are- for the" month -of May;! 
 
 . 
 
 
 . Rates of Wages 
 
 Hours — 
 
 No. of 
 
 Mos. 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 ;Per 
 
 Per 
 
 :For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 ■'•;; City . - 
 
 iv.Year - 
 
 ■ iiour .- 
 
 . week. 
 
 Over- 
 
 •days 
 
 Satur-; 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 - (cents> - 
 
 :-fuUtima. 
 
 -.-time 
 
 and 
 
 days; 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 week 
 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 1907 
 
 27.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 30.0 
 
 16.20 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 30.5 
 
 16.47 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 '1!4 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-5<i 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 ny. 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 1907 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.68 
 
 n'A 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 -24.00 
 
 n-^ 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 1907 
 
 38.0 
 
 20.52 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 41.0 
 
 24.14 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1912 
 
 41.0 
 
 24.14 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 42.5 
 
 22.95 
 
 nj/j 
 
 1/ 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 
 24.30 
 
 1/2 
 
 15^ 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 1907 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 iH 
 
 1/2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8^8 
 
 
 -N>e"W Orteang, La. 
 
 ■- ig-K 
 
 44.4 ' 
 
 '24.00 ■ 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Outside) 
 
 1914 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 i}4 
 
 1/2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 -■ 
 
 2- 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 ■54 
 
 "".. 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 i'A 
 
 1/2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.68 
 
 1/2 
 
 lyi 
 
 9-,9-54 
 
 
 Denver, Col. 
 
 1907 
 
 37.5 
 
 20.25 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 
 20.25 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 ny. 
 
 2 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.5 
 
 21.68 
 
 ny2 
 
 2 
 
 8J-8J-SI 
 
 
 Denver, Col. 
 
 1907 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 41.0 
 
 19.68 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1912 
 
 41.0 
 
 19.68 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 19.68 
 
 iH 
 
 154 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 15^ 
 
 1/2 
 
 , 8-8-48 
 
 
 Denver, Col. 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 (Railroad Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 41.0 
 
 22.14 
 
 1^ 
 
 m 
 
 9-9-54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 1/2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 1907 
 
 47.0 
 
 25.38 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 55.0 
 
 26.40 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 • (Breweries) 
 
 1912 
 
 55.0 
 
 26.40 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 »1H 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 ' DouMe t-me after 10 p. m. 
 2 Double time after midnight. 
 ^ Double time after 3 hours. 
 
UXIOX RATES OF WAGES IN THE METAL TRADES. 
 
 135 
 
 ■KABLE 4.™ RAIES OF WAGES OF MACHINISTS, 1907.1917-.— Continued. 
 CAll entries are for the month of May.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 Mos. 
 
 _. 
 
 -'■■ 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Hours — 
 
 
 --: _ 
 
 Per 
 
 ■ Per 
 
 -For 
 
 Sun- 
 
 Full days 
 
 with 
 
 City- 
 
 :- Year 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 :; " 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full time 
 
 time 
 
 and 
 
 days; 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 week 
 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 1907 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 n/2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 M/^ 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 1907 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (All round men & 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 Tool & Die makers" 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 'I'/z 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 n/a 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 1907 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Specialists) 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 ny. 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 ny. 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 Seattle. Wash. 
 
 1907 
 
 40.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 (Manufacturing 
 
 1912 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 Shops) 
 
 1914 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 = 1/2 
 
 2 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 ' 
 
 8-8-48 
 
 
 '■ Double time after midnight. 
 
 = For first four Jiours; double time thereafter. 
 
 ' Double time after 10 p. m. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 o-:WAQ5iS-IN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY, 1911-1918. 
 
 ,t,X^^ only Qompreheosiye studies of wages in the iron and steel in- 
 duBtry|fe those which have been made periodically by the United 
 Statues Bureau of Labor Statistics, beginning in 1907. The last report 
 Of the Bureau on this subject, however, carries the data only to the 
 spring o± iyi5, which was a period of comparative inactivity in tlie 
 industry. For information regarding the important wage increases 
 subsequent tp that period, reliance must he. placed upon sources which 
 are less_completely accurate but which are sufficiently close to facts to 
 give a fairly true picture of the recent trend of wages in this vitally 
 important war industry, which in December, 1917, employed' probablv 
 as many as 450,000 workers. r j t- j 
 
 These sources are two in number. First : the data regarding payroll 
 and employment, published monthly in the Monthly Review of the 
 United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. These data have been pre^ 
 sented in another chapter. They indicate that, between May, 1915^ 
 and December, 1917, the per capita earnings of all employees in the 
 iron and steel industry increased about 70 per cent. The item of per 
 capita earnings, in this computation, was derived by dividing total 
 payroll by total number of employees on the payroll, and is thus ini^ 
 fluenced by increased hours of labor as well as by increased wage 
 rates. 
 
 A second source of information, apd one dealing speciftcally with 
 wage rates, is found in the aunpuncements of the various steel 'com- 
 panies during the past two years regarding wage advances granted 
 their em.ployees. Thus the United States Steel Corppratipu during 
 the years 1916 and 1917 an^ounQed five wage increases, each pf which 
 was in th^ form, pf a flat IQ per cent advance upon existing wage rates. 
 These five increases tppk eflfect pn the following dates: February, 
 1916; May, 1916; December, 1916; May, 1917; and October, 1917. 
 
 Thes^ percentage advances usually applied to all employees, and in 
 gll casea se«m to have; applied at least to all theioweT-paid-wDrkers^.—A 
 careful- examination pf the newspapers and trade papers indicates that 
 these .adya:fic£5. by. the United States Steel Cprppxatioa.were eith-er. im- 
 mediately fpllpw^d pr immediately preceded by similar advances by 
 the pther large steel companies. 
 
 This series pf wage increases — totalling 61 per cent — seems tp havQ 
 Ijeen the only important wage increases between the Spring- of 1915, 
 Ijhe (fate of the report of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistic^ 
 Beferr^ to, and January, 1918. Other changes^in wages by spedfie 
 »lantsi?pcc«patipns pr individuals no d.Qubt tQok place^ but appear tQ 
 have been erf' vefy"nmiGrinrporta"fflrer'"""'™~'"^ ""'"■ — "^^ 
 
 Therefore, it would seem reaspnably accurate to apply these data 
 
 137 
 
138 
 
 WAGES IN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUbiivi 
 
 of wage increases to the existing statistics of the United States Buteau 
 of Labor Statistics, and thereby bbtain^a fairly true picture of wage 
 trend in the iron and steel industry for a period of years. This method 
 is applied in the tables below. 
 
 The first part of Table 1 shows the index numbgrs of average wages 
 per hour in six important departments of the iron and steel industry, 
 for the years 1911 to 1915, as compiled from data in Bulletin 218 of^he 
 United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. The' second part of the 
 table shows the wage advances tO' January, 1918, aS aiinounced by the 
 United States Steel Corporation, and also put into effect bj most other 
 steel companies at about the same dates: 
 
 TABLE 1. INDEX NUMBERS OF RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN IMPORTANT 
 DEPARTMENTS OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY, 1911-1918 
 
 
 
 Blast 
 
 Bessemer 
 
 Open 
 
 Blooming 
 
 Plate 
 
 Sheet 
 
 
 Years 
 
 Furnaces 
 
 Converters 
 
 Hearth 
 
 Mills 
 
 Mills 
 
 Mills 
 
 Index numbers of 
 wages (1911 = 100) 
 compiled from Bul- 
 letin 218 of U. S. 
 'bureau of Labor 
 Statistics, pp. 15- 
 16.- 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 lOO 
 102 
 111 
 110 
 110 
 
 100 
 111 
 123 
 105 
 109 
 
 100 
 105 
 114 
 112 
 116 
 
 100 
 106 
 118 
 112 
 112 
 
 100 
 107 
 116 
 112 
 118 
 
 100 
 103 
 107 
 109 
 101 
 
 Index numbers af-1 
 ter five 10 per 
 cent wage ad- J- 
 idvances in 1916 
 and 1917. J 
 
 Jan. 
 1918 
 
 177 
 
 175 
 
 187 
 
 180 
 
 190 
 
 163 
 
 Per cent increase, 
 Jartuary, 1918-^ 
 over 1911 
 
 
 77 
 61 
 
 75 
 67 
 
 87 
 67 
 
 80 
 61 
 
 90 
 70 
 
 63 
 49 
 
 over 1914 
 
 Table 2 makes a similar compilation for common laborers as a group, 
 except that actual wage averages are shown instead of index numbers. 
 "The rates of wages paid common laborers," the bulletin referred to 
 points out, "is to a large extent a basic rate from which are determined 
 the rates for other occupations requiring little skill, hence the rat6 for 
 common labor is of importance beyond the limits of the occupation 
 proper." This table combines common laborers from all departments 
 covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics study. 
 
 TABLE 2. AVERAGE RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR OF COMMON LABOR IN ALL 
 " ■ - DEPARTMENTS OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY, 1911-1918 
 
 
 Year - 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Rate 
 
 (cents) 
 
 Data from bulletin 218 of the U. S. Bureau of LaboT 
 
 Statistics p 25 . . .' f 
 
 ISll 
 
 1912 
 
 1913. 
 
 1914 
 
 1915 
 
 Jan. 1918 
 
 16.1 
 16.2 
 18.3 - 
 18:i 
 18.0 
 
 29.0 
 
 8(i 
 60 
 
 Average wages after five 10 per cent wage advances in 1916 
 and 1917 
 
 Per cent increa«e, Jan. 1918 — 
 
 dver 1911 
 
 over 1914 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 WAGE RATE INCREASES IN THE ANTHRACITE COAL 
 INDUSTRY, 1902-1917 
 
 . Practically the entire anthracite coal production of the United States 
 IS confined to. an area of somewhat less than 500 square miles in, five 
 counties of eastern Pennsylvania. It is also highly concentrated iri its 
 business control. 
 
 The number of workers employed in the anthracite mines of this 
 region, in 1914, was 180,899.i As regards wage system and working 
 conditions these employees fall into two general classes. First, the 
 miners proper, who do the actual digging and cutting of the coal, and 
 who, together with the laborers directly assisting them, constitute about 
 40 per cent of the total working force. Second, a large number of acces- 
 sory occupations, such as hoisting and pumping engineers, machinists, 
 repair men, timbermen, and slate pickers. 
 
 The miners are paid on a contract tonnage basis, except when working 
 under special conditions, such as the opening of new veins where no 
 piece-rates have as yet been established. Being piece-workers, the miners 
 themselves decide in considerable degree the precise number of hours 
 they care to work each day, but eight hours is the customary maximum. 
 Formerly it was common for the miner to pay as well as to employ the 
 laborer or laborers who assisted him, the company thus having no direct 
 dealings with the miners' laborers. Now, however, there is-a uniform 
 rate for such labor at each mine and all wage payments are made by 
 the company itself. . , . . . 
 
 The other employees are almost always paid on a time basis— hour, 
 day, or month. Formerly such rnen worked on a 10-hour-day basis^ 
 but now the 8-hour day is almost universal. : j ^. 
 
 ' The existing wage rates for all classes of anthracit:e mine employees 
 are directly l>ased ujxjn the award of tlie anthracite coal commission of 
 1903. This commission was apix)inted by - President - Roosevelt as a 
 result of the strike of 1902. After investigation the commission found 
 that the strikers were justified in most of their demands, and in its 
 award provided' for increased rates of pay to all classes of emproyfees. 
 These increases were in the form of flat percentage advances. No 
 basic- wages were fixed. The existing dififerences between different-min- 
 ing companies were accepted, and the provision made that definite 
 percentage increases should be applied to the existing rates. " ^ 
 
 This system still remains in vogue. Subsequent agreements either 
 continued the e?dstmg agreements or provided for certain fixed increases, 
 usually 'in percentage form, upon the rates fixed in the previous agree- 
 ments. Each of these agreements have involved all of the niining com- 
 panies and employees in the anthracite field. On the one side, the 
 operators Have acted'as a uhif ; and7bn the other, the efnployees'have 
 
 1 Report Pennsylvania Department of Mines, 1915, p. 31. 
 
 139 
 
140 ANTHRACITE COAL. 
 
 acted as a unit through the United Mine"Workers' Association, although 
 the operators have been unwilling to give formal recognition to the 
 union. 
 
 Thus, by tracing the series of agreements entered into, a closely 
 accurate compilation can be made of the trend in wage rates from 1902 
 down to the present time. 
 
 THE AWARDS OF 1903 
 
 The awards of the strike commission, as already noted, made hori- 
 zontal increases in all the wage rates then existing. 
 
 The provisions of these awards, in so far as wages and hours of labor 
 were concerned, may be briefly summarized as follows: 
 
 Wages : 
 
 Immediate increases as follows: 10 per cent increase to all employees, 
 except 5 per cent for material-hoisting engineer, other engineers and 
 pumpmen, the last-named together with firemen to receive 10 per 
 cent increase from November 1, 1902, to April 1, 1903. 
 
 Sliding scale as follows: If the average price of the domestic and 
 lump sizes of anthracite advances above $i.50 per ton at tidewater, 
 wages will rise at the rate of one per cent for each 5 cents per ton; 
 so long as the price is below $4.50 they remain unaffected. 
 
 Hours of Labor: 
 
 Eight-hour shifts for engineers, firemen, and pumpmen, with no. 
 reduction in wages and Sundays off at company's expense; other em- 
 ployees to be paid on basis of 9-hour day the same wages as received for 
 10-hour day, with overtime in excess of nine hours. 
 
 The full text of the awards, in so far as wages and hours of labor were 
 directly affected, is as follows: 
 
 "That an increase of 10 per cent over and above the rates paid in the 
 month of April, 1902, be paid to all contract; miners for cutting coal, 
 yardage, and Other work for which standard rates or allowances existed 
 at that time, from and after November 1, 1902, and during .the life of 
 this award ; and also to the legal representatives of such contract miners 
 as may have died since November 1, 1902. The amount of increase 
 under the award due for work done between November 1, 1902, and 
 April 1, 1903, to be paid on or before June 1, 1903. 
 " "That engineers who. are employed in hoisting water shall have an 
 increase of 10 per cent on their earnings between November 1„ 1902, 
 and April 1, 1903, to be paid on or before June 1, 1903; and a like a,llow- 
 ance shall be paid to the legal representatives of such employees as 
 may have died since November 1, 1902; and from and after April 1, 
 1903, and during the life of the award, they shall have 8-hour shifts, 
 with tjie same pay which was effective in April, 1902; and where they 
 are now working 8-hour shifts, the 8-.hour shifts shall be continued, and. 
 ^esfi engineejrs -shall have an increase of 1,0 per- cent on, the wages whicjt 
 were effective in the several positions in April, 1902. -■ ._^„-™„»-^- 
 
 "Hoisting engineers and other ehgirieeifs aM piiMprttefti,' btftef'^an 
 those em^ployed in hoisting water, who are employed in positions which 
 
ANTHRACITE COAL. 141 
 
 are manned continuously, shall have an increase of 10 per cent on their 
 earnings between November 1, 1902, and April 1, 1903, to be paid on 
 or before June 1, 1903; and a like allowance shall be paid to the legal 
 representatives of such employees as may have died since November 1, 
 1902; and from and after April 1, 1903, and during the life of the award, 
 they shall have an increase of 5 per cent on the rates of wages which 
 were effective in the several positions in April, 1902; and in addition 
 they shall be relieved from duty on Sundays, without loss of pay, by a 
 man provided by the employer to relieve them during the hours of the 
 day shift. 
 
 "That firemen shall have an increase of 10 per cent on their earnings 
 between November 1, 1902, and April 1, 1903, to be paid on or before 
 June 1, 1903; and a like allowance shall be paid to the legal represen- 
 tatives of such employees as may have died since November 1, 1902; 
 and from and after April 1, 1903, and during the life of the award, they 
 shall have 8-hour shifts, with the same wages per day, week, or month 
 as were paid in each position in April, 1902. 
 
 "That all employees or company men, other than those for whom 
 the Commission makes special awards, be paid an increase of 10 per 
 cent on their earnings between November 1, 1902, and April 1, 1903, 
 to be paid on or before June 1, 1903; and a like allowance shall be paid 
 to the legal representatives of such employees as may have died since 
 November 1, 1902; and that from and after April 1, 1903, and during 
 the life of this award, they shall be paid on the basis of a 9-hour day, 
 receiving therefor the same wages as were paid in April, 1902, for a 
 10-hour day. Overtime in excess of 9 hours in any day to be paid at a 
 proportional rate per hour. 
 
 "That the following sliding scale of wages shall become effective April 
 1, 1903, and shall affect all miners and mine workers included in the 
 awards of the Commission: 
 
 "The wages fixed in the awards shall be the basis of, and the mini- 
 mum under, the sliding scale. 
 
 "For each increase of 5 cents in the average price of white-ash coal of 
 sizes above pea coal, sold at or near New York, between Perth Amboy 
 and Edgewater, and reported to the Bureau of Anthracite Coal Statis- 
 tics, above $4.50 per ton f. o. b., the employees shall have an increase of 
 1 per cent in their compensation, which shall continue until a change 
 in the average price of said coal works a reduction or an increase in said 
 additional compensation hereunder; but the rate of compensation shall, 
 in no case be less than that fixed in the award. That is, when the price 
 of said coal reaches $4.55 per ton, the compensation will be increased 
 1 per cent, to continue until the price falls below $4.55 per ton, when 
 the 1 per cent increase will cease, or until the price reaches $4.60 per 
 ton, when an additional 1 per cent will be added, and so on. 
 
 "That all contract miners be required to furnish within a reasonable 
 time before each pay day, a statement of the amount of money due from 
 them to their laborers, and such sums shall be deducted from the amount ; 
 due. the contract miner, and paid directly to each laborer by the com-: 
 pany. -. All employees when paid shall be furnished with an itemized ■ 
 staternent-ef- account. ; ■ • . ', 
 
 "That the awards herein madeshall continue in force until March 
 31, 1906." 
 
142 ANTHRACITP CQAL. 
 
 AGREEMENTS OF 1906 AND 1909. 
 
 ' At the expiration of the three-year period for which the 1903 awards 
 were to continue in force, the awards were extended, without change, 
 by a signed agreement between the operators and mine workers, for a 
 second period of 3 years, i. e., until March 31, 1909. And, again, in 
 1909, the 1903 awards were extended for a still further 3-year period, 
 without any important changes as regards wages or hours of labor. 
 
 AGREEMENT OF MAY 20, 1912. 
 
 On the expiration of the 1909 agreement on March 31, 1912, there 
 was a temporary suspension of work lasting until May 20, when a new 
 4-year agreement, ending March 21, 1916, was signed. This new agree- 
 ment did not affect hours of labor but made several changes in wage 
 rates. Two were of particular importance. The first of these was the 
 provision for a 10 per cent increase in the wages of all mine workers above 
 the wages paid in 1903. The second was the abolition of the sliding 
 scale, which had been in effect since 1903. 
 
 The combined effect of the ten per cent increase and the abolition 
 of the sliding scale was to increase the average wages of all workmen 
 5.6 per cent above the wages paid in 1911.' This figure of increase is 
 arrived at as a result of the following considerations: 
 
 The anthracite miner is paid a contract rate, out of which he pur- 
 chases from the company the necessary tools, powder, and other sup- 
 plies. For the entire force of anthracite miners the cost of supplies 
 averages about 6 per cent of the contract-wage rates. The wage increase 
 of 10 per cent, provided for in the agreement of 1912, applies to the full 
 contract rates. The sliding scale, abolished by this agreement, was 
 also based, for the great majority of miners, upon the full contract 
 rates. In 1911 the operation of the sliding-scale provision had netted 
 the miner 4.5 per cent increase upon regular rates. The agreement of 
 1912 substitutes a flat increase of 10 per cent for the former sliding 
 scale. 
 
 Thus in 1911 a miner receiving a contract rate of $100 (consisting of 
 $6 supply allowance and $94 net wages) received $4.50 through the 
 operation of the sliding scale, a total of $104.50. Under the agreement 
 of 1912 for each $100 received under the contract rate the miner receives 
 $110. This is an increase of $5.50 on each $104.50 received in 1911, 
 and represents an increase of approximately 5.6 per cent in net earnings, 
 net earnings being taken as gross earnings less supply allowance. In 
 those cases where the sliding scale had been based on net wages instead 
 of contract rates this percentage increase in earnings would be slightly 
 larger. 
 
 It should be noted, however, that the 5.6 per cent wage increase of 
 1912, computed above as measuring the increase over the level of 1903 
 after deducting for the loss due to the abolition of the sliding scale, did 
 not mean that those employees whom it affected actually received the 
 5.6 per cent advances. The 1912 increase was based on rates paid in 
 
 ^Increase in prices of Anthracite Coal. House Document 1442, 62d Congress, 3d sess., p. 23. 
 
ANTHRACITE COAL. 143 
 
 1902 plus the 10 per cent added by the award of 1903. Between 1903 
 and 1912 some rates of pay had been increased by various individual 
 operators. Those whose wages had been advanced did not, therefore, 
 participate to the full extent of the 5.6 per cent increase allowed for the 
 entire anthracite region in 1912. Some doubtless did not get any advance 
 at all as- the result of the 1912 agreement, although, so far as known, 
 no employees actually lost anything. This apparent inequality of 
 increase -caused dissatisfaction in some instances.^ 
 
 THE RESULTS OF THE SLIDING SCALE PROVISION 
 
 1903-1912. 
 
 The sliding scale provision, abolished in 1912, was in force from 1903 
 t0:1912. The average per cent of increase in wages received by the mine 
 workers, under its provisions, during the entire nine years of its existence 
 was 4.2 per cent. The detailed data by months are shown in the follow- 
 ing table: 
 
 'U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bui. 191, p. 111. 
 
144 
 
 ANTHRACITE COAL. 
 
 AVEkAGE SELLING PR-lCE {"Eft TON AT NEW YORk HAftfiQft bP A^f HftAettE COAL ' 
 OF SIZES ABOVE PEA GOAL, AND PER CENT OF INCREASE IN WAGES BABEi3 
 THEREON, BY MONTHS. ' ,.,». 
 
 [From Increase in Prices of Antliracite Goal following the Wage Agreeinent 6f May 20, 1912, House Doci 
 No. 1442, 62d Cong., 3d sess., pp. 2?, 28. The sliding scale paid in any given month is that based 6n 
 the average selling price in ths preceding InSdth.] 
 
 Month. 
 
 1903 
 
 1904 
 
 1905 
 
 1906 
 
 1907 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 cent 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 in 
 wages. 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 in 
 wages. 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 cent 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 m 
 wages. 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 
 c^nt 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 in 
 wages. 
 
 Pric« 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 of in- 
 cSase 
 ■■ in 
 wages. 
 
 
 
 
 $4.85 
 4.87 
 4.80 
 4.43 
 4.51 
 4.58 
 4.63 
 4.69 
 4.78 
 4.85 
 4.85 
 4.86 
 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 
 "i " 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 
 $4.83 
 4.84 
 4.76 
 4.44 
 4.50 
 4.58 
 4.64 
 4.71 
 4.76 
 4.82 
 4.84 
 4.82 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 ....... 
 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 14.77 
 4.78 
 4.81 
 4.93 
 4.53 
 4.57 
 4.63 
 4.68 
 4.74 
 4.85 
 4.84 
 4.84 
 
 5 
 ,5 
 "6 
 
 " i" ' 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 
 $4.81 
 4.82 
 4.75 
 4.43 
 4.50 
 4.57 
 4.61 
 4.67 
 4.77 
 4.84 
 4.83 
 4.81 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 "i" ' 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $4.44 
 4.52 
 4.60 
 4.69 
 4.75 
 4.81 
 4.84 
 4.85 
 4.86 
 
 ■■■-■■ 
 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 May 
 
 July 
 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Simjile average 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 4K 
 
 
 i\\ 
 
 
 4A 
 
 
 3S 
 
 January . . . 
 February. . 
 March. . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 AUEUSt.. . . 
 
 September . 
 October . . . 
 November . 
 December . 
 
 Simple average 
 
 1908 
 
 1909 
 
 1910 
 
 1911 
 
 1912 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 in 
 wages. 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 cent 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 in 
 wages. 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 cent 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 in 
 wages. 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 in 
 wages. 
 
 Price 
 of coal. 
 
 Per 
 cent 
 of in- 
 crease 
 
 in 
 waees . 
 
 $4.83 
 4.84 
 
 . 4.71 
 4.44 
 4.50 
 4.56 
 4.63 
 4.69 
 4.80 
 4.83 
 4.86 
 4.85 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 ....... 
 
 2 
 3 
 6 
 6 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 $4.85 
 4.82 
 4.76 
 4.44 
 4.50 
 4.56 
 4.62 
 4.68 
 4.76 
 4.85 
 4.84 
 4.86 
 
 7 
 6 
 5 
 
 "i " 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 7 
 6 
 7 
 
 $4.86 
 4.82 
 4.73 
 4.44 
 4.49 
 4.56 
 4.64 
 4.68 
 4.76 
 4.81 
 4.86 
 4.87 
 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 
 ....... 
 
 2 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 
 $4.84 
 4.81 
 4.74 
 4.50 
 4.55 
 4.59 
 4,65 
 4.70 
 4.84 
 4.91 
 4.92 
 4.89 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 $4.89 
 4.88 
 4.88 
 
 7 
 7 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 \ 
 6 
 8 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 4,^! 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 4K 
 
 
 7 
 
 ' Not paid until the following year on account of suspension of work during April. 
 
ANTHRACITE COAL. 145 
 
 If the sliding scale had been retained in the agreeihent of 1912, large 
 increases in wage rates would have followed the advance in coal prices 
 in the years succeeding. But from the mine workers' point of view the 
 sliding scale was unsatisfactory, because it could not be understood by 
 the great majority of the workers and the increase could not be com- 
 puted by them or checked up. It created a feeling of suspicion against 
 the operators. A 10 per cent flat increase appeared to be much greater 
 and was infinitely simpler. There was no serious objection to the 
 abolition of the old method, especially since it was shown that in 1911 
 the operation of the sliding scale had netted the miner 4.5 per cent 
 upoa regular rates as against a 10 per cent flat increase. 
 
 OTHER WAGE FEATURES OF THE 1912 AGREEMENT. 
 
 A third feature of the new agreement was the provision that all con- 
 tract miners and laborers when working on consideration should be paid 
 not less than the rate paid company miners and laborers at the mine 
 where the work was being performed. In explanation of this clause 
 it may be noted that miners are said to be working "on consideration" 
 when they are on work for which no contract rate has been established 
 and for which they are paid a daily or hourly rate until a proper con- 
 tract rate for the job has been determined. "Company miners and 
 laborers" are workmen employed regularly at a daily or hourly rate, 
 as distinguished from "contract" miners and laborers. 
 
 Finally there was a provision that the "rates paid by any contract 
 miner to his employees shall not be less than the standard rate for that 
 particular work." The rates of compensation of the laborers assisting 
 contract miners are determined by the miners, although the wages are 
 paid by the coal company's office after deducting the amount from the 
 contract miner's earnings The effect of this clause was to standardize 
 the rates of pay in such cases, and thus eliminate the demoralizing 
 effect of different individual bargains for essentially the same work, 
 as well as to raise the minimum wage scale. 
 
 The provision of the agreement of 1912 for an increase of 10 per cent 
 to all employees and the abolition of the sliding scale was the only 
 feature of the agreement which entailed an increase in expenses to the 
 operators. It was, however, a natural consequence of the agreement 
 that the wages of the foremen and a small number of other employees 
 not covered by the agreement should require readjustment. Some 
 increases in wages were granted to such employees, it appears, by all 
 operators, although the rate of increase diff'ered considerably. Their 
 number, however, if relatively so small that the exact rate of increase 
 is a matter of little consequence. 
 
 TEXT OF THE 1912 AGREEMENT. 
 
 The text of those portions of the 1912 agreement relating to wages 
 are as follows: 
 
 1. That the terms and conditions awarded by the Anthracite Coal 
 Strike Comiiiission and supplemented by the agreements subsequent 
 thereto be continued for a further period of four years ending March 
 21, 1916, except in the following particulars, to wit: 
 
,146 ANTHRACITE COAL. 
 
 ' (a) The contr-act- rates and wage scales" for all employees shall be 
 increased 10 per cent over and above the contract rates and wage scales 
 established by the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission as effective 
 April 1, 1903. The provisions of the sliding scale are by mutual consent 
 abolished. 
 
 (b) All contract miners and laborers when working od consideration 
 shall be paid not less than the rate paid company miners ard laborers 
 at the mine where the work is being performed. 
 
 (c) There shall be an equitable division of mine cars as set forth 
 in the award of the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission and the decisions 
 of the conciliation board; and, further, the rates paid by any conract 
 miner to his employees shall not be less than the standard rate for that 
 particular class of work. . 
 
 AGREEMENT OF 1916. 
 
 With the expiration of the 4-year agreement entered into in 1912, 
 a new agreement, also for 4 years, was signed on May 5, 1916. 
 
 Under the terms of the 1916 agreement 8 hours becomes the basic 
 day for time workers (with some few exceptions) instead of the 9 hour 
 day established by the strike commission of 1903 and which had been 
 in general effect since that time. These men were to receive the same 
 rate for an 8-hour day as for the previous 9-hour day, with an additional 
 increase of 3 per cent, thus making a total advance of 15.5 per cent on 
 the hourly pay for such labor. 
 
 Contract miners, men already wqrking an 8-hour day, and those whose 
 hours remained in excess of 8 hours, were given a flat 7 per cent advance 
 in wage rates. 
 
 Finally, the growing use of machine mining is recognized and basic 
 minimum rates established for machine workers— $3.30 per day for 
 machine miners; $2.70 per day for machine runners; and $2.34 per day 
 for machine miners' laborers and machine runners' helpers — subject 
 to a 3 per cent increa-se. 
 
 The text of those portions of the agreement relating to wages and 
 hours of labor are as follows: 
 
 The terms and provisions of the award of the Anthracite Coal Strike 
 Commission, and any subsequent agreement made in modification thereof 
 and supplemental thereto, are hereby continued for a further period 
 of four years ending March 31, 1920, except in the following particulars, 
 to-wit : 
 
 First, (a) The contract rates at each colliery shall be increased 
 seven (7) per cent over and above the contract rates at each colliery, 
 effective in April, 1912, as established by the agreement of May 20, 1912. 
 
 (b) The working day established by the Anthracite Coal Strike 
 Commission shall be changed from nine (9) hours to eight (8) hours. 
 All employees paid by the day or hour and coming within the classi- 
 fication of company men, except as hereinafter more specifically pro- 
 vided, shall be paid for a day of eight (8) hours, the rate established 
 .under the agreement of May 20, 1912, for a day of nine (9) hours. Subject 
 to an increase of three (3) per cent. ' . 
 
ANTHRACITE COAL. - 147 
 
 _(c) All company men working on the basis of an eight-hour day 
 pnor to April 1, 1916, shall receive an increase of seven (7) per cent 
 over and above the daily or hourly rates established for their respective 
 occupations by the agreement of May 20, 1912, except that hoisting 
 engineers who were granted an eight-hour day in March, 1912, shall 
 receive an increase of three (3) per cent over and above the rates estab- 
 lished by the agreement of May 20, 1912; it being understood, how- 
 ever, that where three full shifts were substituted for two shifts in 
 J^arch, 1912, the rate of the three hoisting engineers shall be the same 
 and the shifts shall alternate in the manner customary where con- 
 tinuous employment is required. 
 
 (d) All hoisting engineers working on a nine-hour basis prior to April 
 1, 1916, and whose duties require that they should continue to work 
 nine (9) hours per day, shall receive an increase of seven (7) per cent 
 over and above the nine-hour rate established by the agreement of 
 May 20, 1912. 
 
 (e) All company men working on a daily basis in excess of nine (9) 
 hours per day pn a monthly basis prior to April 1, 1916, shall continue 
 to work on said basis and their wage, whether paid hourly, daily, or 
 monthly, shall be increased seven (7) per cent over and above the rates 
 established for their respective occupations by the agreement of May 
 20, 1912. 
 
 Second. Conditionp having arisen in portions of the anthracite 
 region necessitating the use of mining machines, the right of the ope- 
 rator to use such machines shall be unquestioned and the method em- 
 ployed shall be at the option of the operator. Where work is done 
 by mining machines the following shall govern as the basis of payment 
 to the several classes of labor employed in the undercutting, mining, 
 and loading of coal. 
 
 (a) When machine mining is done on a day basis the rates paid shall 
 not be les? than the established colliery machine rates paid to the several 
 classes of labor employed April 1, 1916; provided, that in no case shall 
 the rate for machine miner be less than $3.30 per day; for machine 
 runner, $2.70 per day; for machine miner's laborer, $2.34 per day; 
 and for machine runner's helper $2.34 per day. It being understood 
 that these rates are agreed to as covering a new requirement and are 
 applicable only to machine mining, subject, nevertheless, to three (3) 
 per cent advance under the terms of this agreement. 
 
 (b) Where machine mining contracts cover the mining of a vein or 
 section of a vein not heretofore mined, the contract rates shall be siich 
 as to enable the men employed in mining work to earn, on the average 
 of all employed in each occupation, a daily wage not less than the rate 
 established for said occupation in paragraph (a). Where mining 
 machines replace contract miners cutting coal from the solid, the aver- 
 age daily earnings of the contract machine miners shall not be less than 
 the average normal earnings of such contract miners in the territory 
 where the mining machines are introduced and where the same vein 
 conditions exist; provided, that where the average normal earnings 
 
I 
 
 148 ANTHRACITE COAL. 
 
 of the contract miners are shown to be less than the day rate estab- 
 lished in paragraph (a) the machine contract rates shall be so adjusted 
 as to enable the machine miner, on average, to earn a daily wage of 
 not less than the day rate established in paragraph (a). 
 
 (c) The operator shall be assured of the full cooperation of the ma- 
 chine miner in the development and maintenance of efficient operation, 
 and the day's earnings shall be based on a work day of eight (8) hours 
 at the face as now provided in section 3 hereof. 
 
 Third. An eight-hour day means eight (8) hours of actual work for 
 all classes of labor, at the usual working place, exclusive of noontime, 
 for six (6) days per week, if the operator desires to work his mines to 
 that extent, excepting only legal holidays. The time required in going 
 to and coming from the place of employment in or about the mine 
 shall not include any part of the day's labor. Drivers shall take their 
 mules from the stables to the usual working place before starting time 
 and shall return them to the stables after quitting time, compensation 
 for such service being included in the day rates established for this class 
 of labor. If, because of breakdowns, repairs, or the requirements of 
 transportation, or other causes essential to efficient operation, it is 
 found necessary to extend the normal workday of any employee, or any 
 class of employees, the operator may do so at his option, paying for 
 overtime a proportional rate per hour as determined from the rates 
 established under section 1 hereof. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT OF MAY, 1917. 
 
 The 1916 agreement was signed for a period of five years, but the rapid 
 increase in cost of living led to a new agreement, in effect May, 1917, 
 providing for a further general advance in wage corrtpensation. 
 
 This advance was a flat 10 per cent on earnings in the case of contract 
 machine and hand miners, consideration miners, and miners' laborers. 
 The lower paid time workers were granted larger increases. These were 
 in the form of lump sum advances on existing rates, and averaged approxi- 
 mately 20 per cent, the lowest paid men benefiting most. 
 
 These new rates were permanent increases and not in the form of 
 bonuses. "^ 
 
 The full text of the agreement is as follows: 
 
 Whereas, on May 5, 1916, an agreement was entered into by the parties 
 hereto covering wages and working conditions in the anthracite field of 
 Pennsylvania for the four year period beginning April 1, 1916, and 
 ending March 31, 1920; and 
 
 Monthly Review of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, June. 1917, p. 983. 
 
ANTHRACITE COAL. 149 
 
 Whereas, by reason of conditions that have arisen as a result of the 
 war, the parties hereto have deemed it advisable and necessary to 
 increase the wage compensation provided in said agreement as here- 
 inafter more specifically set forth : Therefore this agreement witnesseth — 
 
 First. That, for the period May 1, 1917, to March 31, 1918, the com- 
 pensation paid employees in the anthracite field shall be increased as 
 follows : 
 
 (a) Contract machine and hand miners shall be paid an advance of 
 10 per cent on their gross earnings. 
 
 (b) Consideration miners shall be paid an advance of 10 per cent on 
 their earnings, based on the rates now in effect. 
 
 (c) Contract miners' laborers and consideration miners' laborers shall 
 be paid an advance of 10 per cent on their earnings based on the rates 
 now in effect. Day machine miners' laborers receiving not less than 
 $2.72 per day shall be paid an advance of 10 per cent of earnings. 
 
 (d) Company men now receiving $1.54 or more per day shall be paid 
 an advance of 36 cents per day for each day worked. 
 
 (e) All employees paid by the day and now receiving less than $1.54 
 per day shall be paid an advance of 30 cents per day for each day worked. 
 
 (f) Monthly men coming under the agreement of May 5, 1916, shall 
 be paid an advance of 36 cents per day for each day worked. 
 
 (g) The advance of 36 cents per day and 30 cents per day above 
 provided are to be applied to a day, whether eight hours or more, as 
 established under the agreement of May 5, 1916, and proportionate 
 part of a day to be paid a proportionate part of the advances herein 
 provided. 
 
 Second. It is distinctly understood and agreed between the parties 
 hereto that because of the situation that has arisen as a result of the war 
 and the needs of the Nation in the matter of fuel supply there shall be 
 no unnecessary shutdowns and that the employees will give that full 
 cooperation necessary to maintain the production of the mines at their 
 fullest capacity. 
 
 Third. It is further agreed that, except as hereinbefore provided, all 
 of the covenants and conditions of the agreement of May 5, 1916, 
 shall remain in full force and effect up to and including March 31, 1920. 
 
150 
 
 ANTHRACITE COAL. 
 
 EFFECT OF THE VARIOUS WAGE INCREASES UPON THE 
 WAGE RATES OF CONTRACT MINERS. 
 
 The cumulative effect of the various wage increases noted above can 
 be traced most readily in the case of contract miners, inasrhuch as, 
 with the miners, the increases were all in the form of simple percentages. 
 Just what these increases have amounted to can be most easily observed 
 by taking the case of a miner who received $100 in 1902 for a given 
 amount of work and then computing the sum of money he would have 
 received in each succeeding year for the same amount of work. This 
 is done in the following table for each of the years 1903 to 1917. 
 
 1902 
 
 $100.00 
 
 
 1903 
 
 114.40 
 
 
 
 1904 
 
 114.95 
 
 
 
 1905 
 
 114.31 
 
 
 
 1906 
 
 114.58 
 
 
 Increase of 10 per cent by strike commission, 
 
 1907 
 
 114.22 
 
 
 plus the increases under tile operation of 
 
 1908 
 
 114.40 
 
 
 tlie sliding scale provision. 
 
 1909 
 
 114.49 
 
 
 
 1910 
 
 114.40 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 114.95 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 121.00 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 121.00 
 
 
 Increase of 10 per cent upon rates estab- 
 
 1914 
 
 121.00 
 
 
 lished by strike commission of 1903, the 
 
 1915 
 
 121.00 
 
 
 sliding scale being abolished. 
 
 1916 
 
 129.47 
 
 Increase of 7 per cent upon previous rates. 
 
 1917-1918 
 
 142.42 
 
 Increase of 10 per cent upon previous rates. 
 
 The net increases presented in the above table may be expressed in terms of percentage increases in 
 1917 over preceding years. Thus: 
 
 1917 as compared with 1902 42.4 per cent higher. 
 
 1917 as compared with 1903 25 . 2 per cent higher. 
 
 1917 as compared with 1911 23.9 per cent higher. 
 
 1917 as compared with 1912-1915 17.7 per cent higher. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 WAGE RATES IN THE BITUMINOUS COAL MINING 
 INDUSTRY, 1898-1918. 
 
 Although the actual work of bituminous mining differs in many 
 respects from that of anthracite mining, the wage systems and general 
 conditions of employment are similar. As in the anthracite mines, the 
 employees fall into the two general classes: the miners proper, who do 
 the actual digging and cutting, and a group of accessory occupations 
 such as hoisting engineers, machinists and timbermen. 
 
 The miners are paid on a contract tonnage basis, except when working 
 under special conditions. The other employees are almost always paid 
 on a time basts — hour, day, or month. - - 
 
 Bituminous coal occurs and is mined in about one-half of the States 
 of the Union, but the present productive center of the industry lies in 
 the States of Pennsylvania (western part). West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, 
 and Indiana. Of the grand total of almost 600,000 workers -employed 
 in the industry in 1914, almost three-quarters were in the five States 
 mentioned.^ 
 
 With the exception of West Virginia, the mine workers of these States 
 (Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Indiana) are strongly organized, and 
 for a number of years have been working under fixed agreements, usu- 
 ally biennial, with the mine operators. Instead, however, of a single 
 agreement for the whole industry, such as occurs in the anthracite field, 
 there are a number of district agreements. 
 
 These district agreements differ in their wage scales, but the differ- 
 ences are based on supposed differences in the physical difficulties of 
 mining, and the wage changes have usually been more or less uniform in 
 the several districts. Thus, for the four States above mentioned — 
 known as the central competitive field — a single wage agreement, which 
 uses the Hocking Valley District of Ohio as a basing district, consti- 
 tutes the basic agreement for the whole field. Therefore, the wage rate 
 changes in the Hocking Valley District may be taken as representative 
 of the trend of wage rates in this whole field, and, in a general way, for 
 practically all the bituminous mining in the country. 
 
 Table 1 below shows, for this district, the tonnage rates for miners and 
 the daily wage rate of other employees from 1898 to January, 1918, in 
 certain important occupations. 
 
 A corresponding table (Table 2) shows similar data for the Pittsburgh 
 District for the same years. Both tables are compiled from tables 
 published in the Report of the 1916 Joint Conference of Coal Operators 
 and Coal Miners of the Central Competitive Field. Only those occupa- 
 tions are shown which seem clearly comparable over a period of years, 
 but their number is sufficient to be entirely representative. 
 
 iSee Report of Pennsylvania Department of Mines. 1915, Part 1, p. 31. 
 
 - -^ 151 
 
152 
 
 BITUMINOUS COAL. 
 
 Since 1914, partly as a result of an Ohio law, partly as the result of 
 long continued demands of the miners, practically all rates in the cen- 
 tral competitive field have been on the basis of mine-run coal, instead 
 of screened coal. In order to make the rates prior to that date com- 
 parable with those succeeding, it has been necessary to convert some of 
 the earlier rates from a screened to a mine-run basis. In doing so, it 
 has been assumed that screened coal constituted 65 per cent of mine- 
 run coal. This estimate is believed to be sufficiently close to accuracy 
 for the purpose in view. All estimated items are shown in parentheses. 
 
 TABLE 1.— WAGE RATES IN BITUMINOUS COAL MINING IN THE HOCKING VALLEY 
 DISTRICT OF OHIO, 1898-1917. 
 
 1. Mining, in rooms, 
 
 per ton. 
 
 Pick mining: 
 
 Screened 
 
 Mine-run 
 
 (Figures prior to 
 1914 are estimates on 
 basis of screened coal 
 equalling 65 per cent 
 of mine-run.) 
 
 Machine mining — Jeffrey 
 styles. 
 Screened : 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and drilling 
 
 Mine run: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and drilling 
 (Figures for 
 mine-run prior to 
 1914 are estimates 
 on basis of screen- 
 ed coal equalling 
 65 per cent of mine- 
 run.) 
 
 2. Inside day labor. 
 
 Tracklayers 
 
 Tracklayers' helpers . 
 
 Trappers 
 
 Cagers, drivers 
 
 Trip riders. 
 
 Water haulers 
 
 Machine haulers . . . . 
 
 Timbermen 
 
 Pipemen 
 
 Wiremen 
 
 Motormen. .. .; 
 
 3. Outside day labor. 
 
 First blacksmith 
 
 Second blacksmith 
 
 Blacksmith helpers 
 
 Carpenters 
 
 Dumpers and trimmers.. . 
 
 Slack haulers 
 
 Greasers and couplers . . . . 
 
 1898-1900 
 
 1900-1903 
 
 .66 
 
 (.429) 
 
 .081 
 
 (.2860) 
 
 $1.90 
 
 1.75 
 
 .75 
 
 1.75 
 
 1.75 
 
 1.90 
 
 1.85 
 
 1904-1906 
 
 1906-1908 
 
 Screened coal basis. 
 
 .80 
 (.520) 
 
 :?!}■" 
 
 (.3445) 
 
 $2.28 
 2.10 
 1.00 
 2.10 
 
 2.10 
 2.10 
 2.28 
 2.22 
 
 2.10 
 
 .90 
 
 (.585) 
 
 .101 
 
 (.3965) 
 
 t2.56 
 2.36 
 
 2.56 
 
 2.81 
 2.53 
 2.36 
 2.53 
 2.36 
 1.97 
 1.41 
 
 .85 
 (.5525) 
 
 }(.3705) 
 
 $2.42 
 2.23 
 
 065 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 36 
 
 2.42 
 2.42 
 
 2.655 
 
 2.39 
 
 2.23 
 
 2.39 
 
 2.23 
 
 1.86 
 
 1.33 
 
 .90 
 (.5850) 
 
 .09651 ,, 
 .5135/*' 
 
 }(.3965) 
 
 $2.56 
 2.36 
 
 .13 
 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.S6 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.50 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 
 2.81 
 2.53 
 2.36 
 2.53 
 2.36 
 1.97 
 1.41 
 
 1910-1912 
 
 .95 
 (.6175) 
 
 . 10301 
 
 K.4225) 
 
 $2.70 
 2.49 
 1.25 
 2.70 
 2.70 
 2.70 
 2.70 
 2.70 
 2.63 
 2.70 
 2.70 
 
 2.96 
 2.67 
 2.49 
 2.67 
 2.49 
 2.07 
 1.48 
 
BITUMINOUS COAL. 
 
 153 
 
 TABLE i.—WAaS. RATES IN BlTUMlNfaUS COAL MINING IN THE HOCKING VALLEY 
 DISTRICT OF OHIO, 1898-1917— Concluded. 
 
 
 1912-1914 
 
 1914-1916 
 
 1916-1918 
 
 April 17, 
 1917 
 
 Oct. 6, 
 1917 
 
 Screened 
 coal basis. 
 
 
 Mine-run 
 
 basis. 
 
 
 1. Mining, in rooms, per ton. 
 
 Pick mining: 
 
 Screened 
 
 1.00 
 
 (.65) 
 
 . 10501 
 .5850/. 69 
 
 }(.448S) 
 
 $2 84 
 2.62 
 1.32 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.78 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 
 3.12 
 2.81 
 2.62 
 2.81 
 2.62 
 2.18 
 1.56 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mine-run 
 
 .676 
 
 .6764 
 
 .7764 
 
 .8764 
 
 (Figures prior to 1914 are 
 estimates on basis of screened 
 coal equalling 65 per cent of 
 mine-run.) 
 
 Machine mining — Jeffrey styles. 
 Screened: 
 
 Loading and drilling 
 
 Mine-run: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 $2.84 
 2.62 
 1.32 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.78 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 
 3.12 
 2.81 
 2.62 
 2.81 
 2.62 
 2.18 
 1.56 
 
 $2.98 
 2.75 
 1.40 
 2.98 
 2.98 
 2.98 
 2.98 
 2.98 
 2.92 
 2.98 
 2.98 
 
 3.27 
 2.95 
 2.75 
 2.95 
 2.75 
 2.28 
 1.64 
 
 } 60 
 
 $3.60 
 3.35 
 1.90 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.52 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 
 3.87 
 3.55 
 3.35 
 3.55 
 3.35 
 3.88 
 2.24 
 
 }.70 
 
 $5.00 
 4.75 
 2.65 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 4.92 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 
 S.27 
 4.99 
 4.75 
 4.95 
 4.75 
 5.28 
 3.64 
 
 Loading and drilling 
 
 (Figures for mine-run 
 prior to 1914 are estimates 
 on basis of screened coal 
 equalling 65 per cent of 
 mine-run.) 
 
 2. Inside day labor. 
 
 
 
 
 Trip riders 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Outside day labor. 
 
 
 
 
 Dumpers and Trimmers 
 
 
 
154 
 
 BITUMINOUS COAL. 
 
 t A9iB. 2-.-MVA!5S HATES IN BITUMINOUS COAL MINING IN THE PITTSBORGH- 
 PISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1898-1917. 
 
 1898-1900 
 
 1900-1903 
 
 1903-1904 
 
 1906-1908 
 
 1908-1910 
 
 ].- Mining, in rooms, 
 per ton. 
 Pick mining: 
 Thin vein — 
 
 Screened 
 
 Mine-run 
 
 Ttiick vein — 
 
 Screened 
 
 Mine-run 
 
 Macliine mining. Jeff- 
 rey or other chain 
 machine. 
 Thin vein — 
 Screened: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and 
 drilling 
 
 .66 
 .4266 
 
 .5208 
 .3413 
 
 .80 
 (.520 ) 
 
 .668 
 (.4342) 
 
 Thin vein — 
 Mine-run: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and 
 drilling .... 
 
 Thick vein — 
 Screened: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and 
 drilling 
 
 Thick vein — 
 Mine- run: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and 
 drilling .... 
 
 ,0517 
 ,2327 
 
 2844 
 
 .064 
 .288 
 
 ,0413 
 , 1860 
 
 1 
 L2273 
 
 'J 
 
 .095 
 .435 
 
 ,2812 
 
 ,0740 
 ,3680 
 
 ,0478 
 
 .530 
 
 .90 
 (.585 ) 
 
 .768 
 (.4992) 
 
 .50 
 
 .85 
 (.5525) 
 
 .718 
 (.4667) 
 
 .90 
 (.5850) 
 
 768 
 (.4992) 
 
 .90 
 (.5850) 
 
 .708 
 (.4602) 
 
 07111 
 
 M 
 
 3232J 
 
 2856 
 
 0875 
 
 0565 
 2809 
 
 5220 
 
 .3374 
 
 10251 
 4675] 
 
 06621 
 3022] 
 
 08071 
 4012] 
 
 .5700 
 
 .111 
 .50j 
 
 61 
 
 ,11 
 .50l 
 
 .61 
 
 3684 
 
 4819 
 
 07111 
 3232J 
 
 .3943 
 
 08751 
 4345J 
 
 .5220 
 
 .07111 
 .3232} 
 
 0875 
 4345 
 
 05211 
 2593)' 
 
 2. Inside men. Day 
 wages. 
 
 Tracklayers 
 
 Tracklayers' helpers . . 
 
 Drivers 
 
 Trappers 
 
 Cagers 
 
 Trip rope riders 
 
 Water haulers 
 
 Timber men 
 
 Pipe men 
 
 SI. 90 
 1.75 
 1.75 
 .75 
 1.75 
 1.75 
 1.75 
 1.90 
 1.85 
 
 $2.28 
 2.10 
 
 $2.56 
 2.36 
 2.56 
 
 13 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 
 $2.42 
 2.23 
 2.42 
 
 05651 
 2809J' 
 
 $2.56 
 2.36 
 
 .05651 
 .2809) 
 
 .3374 
 
 2.50 
 
 ,065 
 
 ,42 
 
 ,42 
 
 ,42 
 
 ,42 
 
 ,36 
 
 56 
 13 
 56 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.50 
 
 $2.56 
 2.36 
 2.56 
 1.13 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.56 
 2.50 
 
BITUMINOUS COAL. 
 
 155 
 
 TABLE 2.— WAGE RATES IN BITUMINOUS COAL MINING IN THE PITTSfiOIWSiS'-'': 
 DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1898-1917— Concluded. 
 
 
 1910-1912 
 
 1912-1914 
 
 1914-1916 
 
 1916-1918 
 
 April 17 
 1917 
 
 Oct. 6. 
 1917 
 
 1. Mining, in rooms, 
 
 per ton. 
 Pick mining: 
 Thin vein — 
 
 Screened 
 
 Mine-run 
 
 Thick vein — 
 
 Screened 
 
 Mine-run 
 
 Machine mining. Jeff- 
 rey or other chain 
 machine. 
 Thin vein- 
 Screened: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and 
 drilling 
 
 Thin vein — 
 Mine-run: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and 
 drillinf^ 
 
 Tliick vein — 
 Screened: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and 
 drillinp; 
 
 Thick vein — 
 Mine-run: 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Loading and 
 drilling 
 
 2. Inaide men. Day 
 
 wages. 
 Tracklayers 
 
 .95 
 .614 
 
 .818 
 .5287 
 
 .1172 
 
 .65 
 .5328 
 
 .0758 
 
 .4202 
 .3444) 
 
 .0947 
 
 .5620 
 .4673 
 
 .0612 
 
 .3633 
 .3021) 
 
 $2.70 
 2.49 
 2.70 
 1.19 
 2.70 
 2.70 
 2.70 
 2.70 
 2.64 
 
 1.00 
 .6464 
 
 .868 
 .5611 
 
 .1244 
 
 .69 
 .5656) 
 
 .0805] 
 
 .4461 
 .3656) 
 
 .1019] 
 
 .6020 
 .5001) 
 
 .0659 
 
 .3892 
 .3233) 
 
 $2.84 
 2.62 
 2.84 
 1.25 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.78 
 
 1.00 
 .6464 
 
 .868 
 .5611 
 
 .1244 
 
 .69 
 .5656 
 
 .0805 
 
 .4461 
 .3656 
 
 .1019 
 
 .6020 
 .5001 
 
 .0659 
 
 .3892 
 .3233 
 
 $2.84 
 2.62 
 2.84 
 1.25 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.84 
 2.78 
 
 
 
 
 .6764 
 
 .7764 
 
 .8764 
 
 .5911 
 
 .6911 
 
 .7911 
 
 .09 
 
 .50 
 .41 
 
 .60 
 
 .70 
 
 .0750 
 
 .4431 
 .3681 
 
 $2.98 
 2.75 
 2.98 
 1.31 
 2.98 
 2.98 
 2.98 
 2.98 
 2.92 
 
 .5431 
 
 $3.60 
 3.35 
 3.60 
 1.90 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.60 
 3.52 
 
 .6431 
 
 $5.00 
 4.75 
 5.00 
 2.65 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 SCO 
 4.92 
 
 Tracklayers' helpers.. . . 
 Drivers .■ 
 
 
 
 Trip rope riders 
 
 Timijer men 
 
 
 
156 BITUMINOUS COAL. 
 
 As indicative of the character of the bituminous coal agreements 
 there is presented below the text of the interstate agreement of 1916 and 
 the supplementary agreements of April 17 and October 6, 1917. 
 
 INTERSTATE AGREEMENT OF MARCH 9, 1916. 
 
 The following agreement made and entered into this 9th day of March, 
 1916, covering prices and conditions of mining in Western Pennsylvania, 
 Ohio, Indiana and Illinois for the two years beginning April 1, 1916, 
 and ending March 31, 1918, to-wit: 
 
 First — All coal shall be weighed and paid for on a mine-run basis, ex- 
 cept that the Block Coal District of Indiana shall continue upon the 
 present screen coal basis, and that the pick-mining rate therein be 
 advanced 5 cents per ton and machine mining 4 cents per ton. 
 
 Second — The pick-mining rate in the thin vein district of Western 
 Pennsylvania shall be 67.64 cents per ton and in the Eastern Ohio, 
 Hocking, Cambridge, and Amsterdam-Bergholz districts of Ohio the 
 mining rate shall be 67.64 cents per ton, and throughout the balance of 
 Ohio the pick-mining rate shall be advanced 3 cents per ton unless 
 otherwise agreed to in joint conference by operators and miners in any. 
 of the sub-districts or scale districts within the State; in the bituminous 
 district of Indiana, 64 cents per ton; and in the Danville District of 
 Illinois, 64 cents per ton. 
 
 Third — Machine mining in the thin vein district of Western Penn- 
 sylvania, 50 cents per ton; in Ohio, 50 cents per ton; in the bituminous 
 district of Indiana, chain machine mining, 52 cents per ton and punch- 
 ing machines, 54 cents per ton; in the Danville District of Illinois, 54 
 cents per ton. 
 
 Fourth — All day labor, dead work, yardage and room turning advanced 
 5 per cent on existing prices. 
 
 Fifth — An eight-hour day means eight hours' work in the mines at 
 usual working places for all classes of inside day labor. This shall be 
 exclusive of the time required in reaching such working places in the 
 morning and departing from the same at night. 
 
 Drivers shall take their mules to and from stables, and the time re- 
 quired in so doing shall not include any part of the day's labor, their 
 work beginning when they reach the change at which they receive empty 
 cars, but in no case shall the driver's time be docked while he is waiting 
 for such cars at the point named. 
 
 When the men go into the mine in the morning they shall be entitled 
 to two hours' pay, whether or not the mine works the full two hours. 
 But after the first two hours the men shall be paid for every hour there- 
 after by the hour, for each hour's work or fractional part thereof. If 
 for any reason the regular routine work can not be furnished the inside 
 labor for a portion of the first two hours the operators may furnish other 
 than the regular labor for the unexpired time. 
 
 Sixth — All internal differences are hereby referred to the various dis- 
 tricts for settlement with the understanding that only by mutual consent 
 shall anything be done in sub-district, district or wage scale conventions 
 that will increase the cost of production or decrease the earning capacity 
 of the men. All rules now incorporated in existing contracts shall 
 remain in force until changed by agreement between operators' and 
 miners' representatives. 
 
BITUMINOUS COAL. 157 
 
 Seventh — All district organizations herein represented shall take up 
 the question of preparation of coal and adopt such rules and regulations 
 with proper penalties as will best suit the conditions of each district 
 herein represented. 
 
 Eighth — A joint commission of three miners and three operators shall 
 be appointed by the two organizations (Illinois miners' and operators' 
 associations) who are hereby given authority to establish the proper 
 machine mining rates in the long wall mines of Northern Illinois without 
 regard to existing machine differentials. 
 
 NEW YORK AGREEMENT OF APRIL 17, 1917. 
 
 First — That pick and machine mining be advanced 10 cents per ton 
 in the states and districts comprising the Central Competitive Field; 
 and that the screen coal mining prices in the Block Coal Field of Indiana 
 be advanced in proportion to the mine-run prices herein agreed to. 
 
 Second — That all day labor now receiving $2.98 and S3. 00 per day, 
 be advanced to S3. 60 per day. 
 
 Third — That monthly men and all other classes of labor employed in 
 and around the mine be advanced 60 cents per day, except as follows: 
 
 Trappers shall receive $1.90 per day, and all boys now receiving $1.57 
 per day or less shall be advanced to $1.90 per day. 
 
 No advance shall be paid on dead work or yardage. 
 
 This advance shall become effective April 16, 1917, and continue until 
 March 31, 1918. 
 
 WASHINGTON AGREEMENT OF OCTOBER 6, 1Q17. 
 
 The following agreement, supplemental to the existing Interstate and 
 District Agreements, is entered into with the hope and belief that the 
 advance in wages will result in an increased production of coal and the 
 abolition of local strikes. 
 
 It is agreed — 
 
 First — That the mining prices for mining mine-run coal, pick and 
 machine, in the present contract, be advanced 10 cents per ton. 
 
 In the Block Coal Field of Indiana the screen coal price to be advanced 
 12>^ cents per ton. 
 
 Second — That all day labor and monthly men, except trappers and 
 other boys, be advanced $1.40 per day. Trappers to be advanced 75 
 cents per day. Boys now being paid more than $1.90 per day and less 
 than men's wages shall be advanced $1.00 per day. 
 
 Third — That all yardage, dead work and room turning be advanced 
 15 per cent. 
 
 Fourth — Subject to the next biennial convention of the United Mine 
 Workers of America, the Mine Workers' representatives agree that the 
 present contract be extended during the continuation of the war, and not 
 to exceed two years from April 1, 1918. 
 
158 BITUMINOUS COAL. 
 
 Whereas, Stoppage of work in violation of the agreement has become 
 so serious as to menace the success and perpetuity of the U. M. W. of A. 
 and our joint relations, this conference instructs the respective district 
 executive boards to meet the operators in their various districts for the 
 purpose of agreeing on a penalty clause where none now exists, and if 
 necessary meet to amend and strengthen existing clauses so as to make 
 the penalty more effective in preventing strikes and violations of agree- 
 ments. 
 
 All fines provided for in all agreements shall be automatically collected, 
 and any operator failing to collect and forward to proper parties such 
 fine shall pay a penalty of $2.00 for each employee subject to be fined, the 
 same to be collected and retained in the miners' district organization. 
 And in no case shall any fine be refunded except by mutual agreement of 
 the accredited representatives of the operators and miners. 
 
 It is further agreed that where any employee enters suit in the civil 
 courts to recover any fine collected in accordance herewith, the dis- 
 trict organization shall reimburse the operator for expense incurred on 
 account of such suit. 
 
 This Agreement is subject to and will become effective only on the 
 condition that the selling price of coal shall be advanced by the United 
 States Government sufficient to cover the increased cost in the different 
 districts affected, and will take effect on the first day of the pay period 
 following the order advancing such increased prices. 
 
CHAPTER Vn 
 
 UNION RATES OF PAY IN THE BUILDING TRADES IN LARGE 
 CITIES 1907 TO 1917. 
 
 The tables below present a compilation of union wage rates and hours 
 of labor in 11 important building trades for selected years from 1907 to 
 1917. In every case data are shown as late as May, 1917, and with 
 many of the trades as late as December, 1917. 
 
 A total of 39 cities are covered, although it has not been possible to 
 obtain information for all 11 trades in each of the cities. The cities 
 used are those for which the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 
 has collected union wage data since 1907. They are all important in- 
 dustrial centers representing 32 States, and containing, in total, approxi- 
 mately one-third of the total industrial population of the country. 
 
 The wage data are shown for the years 1907, 1911, 1912, 1914, and 
 1917. Both 1911 and 1912 are included in o der to permit of compari- 
 son with wages in certain other industries included in this volume, for 
 some of which information could be obtained only for 1911, and for 
 others only for 1912. 
 
 The material from which the tables were compiled was derived from 
 (1) published bulletins of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 
 on union wages, 1907-1916; (2) data for May, 1917, tabulated by the 
 Bureau and in course of publication; (3) trade-union journals; and 
 (4) personal interviews and correspondence with trade-union officials. 
 Through the aid of the two latter sources — trade publications and 
 union officials — data have been obtained for December, 1917, for 5 of 
 the 11 trades; for October, 1917, for 2 of the trades, and for August, 
 1917, for one trade. December, 1917, data were supplied by the national 
 unions in the following cases: Inside wiremen, plumbers and gas- 
 fitters, sheet metal workers, and steam fitters. For the structural iron 
 workers such data were obtained from the December issue of the " Bridge- 
 men's Magazine." For plasterers and cement workers' finishers, the 
 late wage scales published in the October, 1917, issue of the "Plasterer" 
 were accepted as representing the union rates in effect in that month. 
 Similar use was made of the August, 1917, issue of the "Carpenter." 
 In certain doubtful instances the data from journals were supplemented 
 by correspondence. 
 
 It is recognized that the information for dates subsequent to May 15, 
 1917, may not include all scale changes, but it is believed to be suffi- 
 ciently complete to show, with reasonable accuracy, the recent trend of 
 union rates in the trades concerned. 
 
 The union scale is a statement, either written or definitely understood, 
 of wages and hours of labor agreed to or accepted by an organization of 
 union men and an employer or group of employers, under which agree- 
 ment union men actually are working. The union scale usually fixes 
 the limit in only one direction. It sets a minimum wage and a maximum 
 of hours for a regular day's work. This compilation shows such mini- 
 mum wage and maximum hours as are established by the agreed scale. 
 In certain cities and trades, however, some workmen, and, in some few 
 instances, all or nearly all workmen, actually are paid more than the 
 scale, and_in_some instances employees work less than the scale hours. 
 As a general rule the union scale represents the prevailing wage of a 
 locality for efficient labor. 159 
 
160 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 The tables show the rates of wages and hours of labor, the increase 
 over the regular rate for overtime, Sunday, and holiday work, and the 
 number of months in the year in which there was a Saturday half holi- 
 day. When for a period of more than three months of a year the num- 
 bar of hours differed from those shown for May, the difference has 
 been noted in the tables. 
 
 TABLE 1.— INSIDE WIREMEN. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.) 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rate of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 FuU 
 week. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 
 47.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.8 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 50.0 
 
 55.5 
 
 31.3 
 
 34.8 
 42.5 
 
 50 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 56.3 
 
 70.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 57.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 $21.60 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 28.60 
 
 30.80 
 
 18.00 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 22.80 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 15.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 22.00 
 
 24.40 
 
 15.00 
 16.50 
 18.70 
 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 19.80 
 24.75 
 
 30.80 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27 60 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 
 21 K 
 
 'IK 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 4S 
 48 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 2 Until midnight; double time thereafter. - 
 
 s 44 hours per week, June to August, inclusive. 
 
 ' Double time after 10 p. m. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 161 
 
 TABLE 1.— INSIDE WIREMEN— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May. except in 1917. when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur 
 days. 
 
 - full 
 week. 
 
 
 Providence. R. I. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Baltimore. Md. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Richmond. Va. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 41.0 
 41.0 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 31.3 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 
 62.5 
 
 34.8 
 37.5 
 31.3 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 30.6 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 62,5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 77.5 
 
 40.7 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 $18.04 
 18.04 
 19.25 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 26.40 
 
 15.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 16.50 
 18.00 
 15.00 
 20.25' 
 21.60 
 
 31.20 
 
 16.50 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 
 30.80 
 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 34.10 
 
 19.50 
 20.03 
 20.03 
 
 22.25 
 27.81 
 
 27.81 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 45 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44K 
 
 44K 
 
 44M 
 
 44K 
 
 44M 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■ ■ -jj- • • 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \'2 
 
 IK 
 
 IK' 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK' 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 "s" 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK' 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4K 
 4K 
 
 i'A 
 
162 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 1.— INSIDE WIREMEN— Continued. 
 fAU entries are for May, except in 1917, wlien data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 weelc 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 Minneapolis. Minn. 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 St, Louis, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 55.0 
 57.0 
 60.0 
 75.0 
 
 78.1 
 
 40.0 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 ■ 66.9 
 
 71.3 
 
 32.5 
 41.5 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 57.0 
 
 57.0 
 
 40.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 31.3 
 42.5 
 45. 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 37.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 57.5 
 
 57.5 
 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 $21.60 
 26.40 
 27.36 
 26.40 
 33.00 
 
 34.36 
 
 19.20 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 29.43 
 
 31.40 
 
 17.55 
 19.92 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 25.08 
 
 25.08 
 
 19.20 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 15.00 
 18.70 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 
 24.75 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 27.50 
 
 16.50 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 25.30 
 
 25.30 
 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 148 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 148 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 4' ■ 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 " "e" 
 
 6 
 
 ""4"' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ""12" 
 12 
 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 '"n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 '"h". 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IH 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ IK 
 "IK 
 
 «1K 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «1K 
 «1K 
 
 •iK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 «1K 
 
 •IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 1 44 hours. June to September, inclusive. 
 
 2 Double time after 10. p, m. 
 * Double time after 8 p. m. 
 
 ' Double time after midnight. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 163 
 
 TABLE 1.— INSIDE WIREMEN— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May. except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Dallas. Tex. 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Denver. Colo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 .1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 34.4 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 65.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 37.5 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 53.1 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 $16.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.75 
 28.60 
 
 30.80 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 26.40 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 19.20 
 21.60 
 
 24.00 
 
 18.00 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 24.75 
 
 21.60 
 21,60 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 23.38 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 1 Until midnight, double time thereafter. 
 
 « 44 hours per week, July to December, inclusive. 
 
 1!4 
 
 'IK 
 
 1J= 
 iji 
 
 IK 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 g 
 <8 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
164 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 1.— INSIDE WIREMEN— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 SO.O 
 
 50.0 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 40.6 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 70.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 $21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 
 24.75 
 
 17.88 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 
 30.80 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 l>i 
 
 ny. 
 
 'iM 
 'iM 
 
 IK 
 ny 
 
 ny 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 43 
 '48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 1 Until 10 p. m., double time thereafter. 
 
 2 Double time after midnight. 
 •> 44 hours, July to September. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 165 
 
 TABLE 2.— PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown,] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half, 
 holiday. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 Plumbers. 
 
 Gasfitters. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 
 Manchester, X. H. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 37.5 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 
 56.3 
 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 47.7 
 
 50.0 
 
 55.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 $24.00 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 30.23 
 
 30.25 
 
 18.00 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 24 20 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 22.50 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.25 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 21.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 24.20 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 IK 
 1,'i 
 
 IM 
 
 l'-< 
 IK 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 1 44 hours per week, June to August, inclusive. 
 
166 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 2.— PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS— Continued. 
 [AH entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of 
 
 wages. 
 
 Hours 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 lolidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 (Man., Bronx and 
 Brooklyn.) 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 65.0 
 
 40.6 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 
 68.8 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 $27.50 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 
 33.00 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 
 27.50 
 
 24.00' 
 
 24.75 
 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 
 28.60 
 
 19.50 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 25.50 
 23.38 
 
 30.25 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 24.75 
 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ""\2" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 "12 ' 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ■ ■ io" 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 l.'< 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 '^ Until 11 p. m., double time thereafter. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 167 
 
 TABLE 2.— PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are tor May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Richmond, Vs.. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 37.5 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 SCO 
 50.0 
 
 56.3 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62. S 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 81.3 
 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 68.8 
 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 67.5 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 
 87.5 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 S18.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 24.75 
 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 35.80 
 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 30.25 
 
 33.00 
 
 23.50 
 26.44 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 29.70 
 
 33.00 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 
 38.50 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 2 
 32 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 8 
 
 Satur. 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 47 
 47 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 • For first hour, time and one half. 
 
168 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 2.— PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 I For 
 For Sundays 
 over- and 
 
 time, holidays 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Plumbers. 
 
 Gasfitters. 
 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 .se.s 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 56.3 
 68.3 
 68.3 
 68.3 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 66.3 
 66.3 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 66.3 
 66.3 
 66.3 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 81.3 
 
 $24.75 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 24.75 
 30,03 
 30.03 
 30.03 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.50 
 29.15 
 29.15 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.50 
 29.15 
 29.15 
 29.15 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 
 35.80 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 'IK 
 IK 
 
 =1K 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ' Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 2 Not reported. 
 
 3 Until 10 p. m., double time thereafter. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 169 
 
 TABLE 2.— PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 191 7, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 Months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 Xew Orleans, La. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Los Angeles, Caltf. 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 $24.00 
 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.50 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 36.00 
 36.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 4 ■ ■ 
 
 6 
 12 
 
 "12" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■jj- ■ 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 "k" 
 <8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1,'i 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 IJi 
 
 'i;.< 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 * 48 hours per week November to April, inclusive. 
 s Double time after midnight. 
 
170 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 2.— PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS— Concluded. 
 [Ail entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 full 
 week. 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 Plumbers. 
 
 Gasfitters. 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 ■ 70.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 81.3 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 81.3 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 81.3 
 
 62.5 
 81.3 
 81.3 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 81.3 
 
 $28.60 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 35.80 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 
 35.80 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 
 35.80 
 
 27.50 
 35.80 
 35.80 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 
 35.80 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 171 
 
 TABLE 3.— SHEET METAL WORKERS. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown. 1 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates ofWages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur. 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Buffalo. N. V. 
 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 (Man., Bronx and 
 Brooklyn.) 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 56.3 
 
 25.0 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 
 34.4 
 34.4 
 
 34.4 
 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 
 70.0 
 
 37.5 
 40.9 
 
 47.7 
 47.7 
 54.5 
 
 54.5 
 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 59.4 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 70.0 
 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 19.20 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 12.00 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 
 16.50 
 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 
 30.80 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 24.75 
 26.13 
 26.13 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 30.80 
 
 19.36 
 19.36 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 
 27.50 
 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 
 30.80 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 <1K 
 
 IK 
 <1K 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 =8 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 2 44 hours per week, June to August. 
 ' Double time after 9 p. m. 
 * Double time after midnight 
 
172 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 3.— SHEET METAL WORKERS— Continued. 
 [All entiles are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 ' with 
 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Providence, R. L 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 (Building work.) 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 41.0 
 41.0 
 48.0 
 52.0 
 
 52.0 
 
 34.4 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 
 53.1 
 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 
 52.5 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 SCO 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 62. S 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68,8 
 70.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 35.0 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 
 52.5 
 
 .'18 04 
 18.04 
 21.12 
 22.88 
 
 22.88 
 
 16.51 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 22.00 
 
 23.36 
 
 18.00 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 21.60 
 
 25.20 
 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 25.03 
 
 27.81 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 30 80 
 
 33.00 
 
 15.40 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 19.80 
 24.00 
 
 25.20 
 
 IH 
 
 nyi 
 
 IH 
 iM 
 
 iM 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 4 
 
 4K 
 
 4K 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 148 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44K 
 
 44K 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 48 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 4 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 144 hours per week, June to September, inclusive. 
 ^Double time after 9 p.m. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 173 
 
 TABLE 3.— SHEET METAL WORKERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 Citv. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit. Mich. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 (Building work.) 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Milwaulcee, Wis. 
 (Building work.) 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Omaha, Xeb. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 42.5 
 42.5 
 45.0 
 60.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 32. S 
 42.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 
 57.5 
 
 57.5 
 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 
 65.0 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 42.5 
 45.0 
 52.5 
 
 52.5 
 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 56.3 
 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 42.5 
 42.5 
 50.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 $18.00 
 20.40 
 20.40 
 21.60 
 24.60 
 
 30.80 
 
 20.25 
 19.20 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 15.60 
 20.16 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 25.30 
 
 25.30 
 
 19.20 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 
 28.60 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 20.40 
 21.60 
 25.20 
 
 25.20 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 16.50 
 19.36 
 18.70 
 18.70 
 22.00 
 
 26.40 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 "u 
 
 12 
 
 .... . 
 11 
 
 ^.. . 
 12 
 12 
 
 "'12' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■■■■y 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 '. i 
 '1,'i 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 i;-2 
 
 IJs' 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i;, 
 
 1,'i 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I'j 
 
 'IK' 
 
 •■IK' 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 1 ■ , 
 
 <1K 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 R 
 
 »8 
 
 «8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *1K 
 «1K 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IM 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 ^Double time after midnight. 
 
 ^44 hours per week, June 15 to September 15. 
 
174 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 3.— SHEET METAL WORKERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 191d 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 
 6S.0 
 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 68.5 
 
 68.5 
 
 30.0 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 52.5 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 28.1 
 35.0 
 37.5 
 42.5 
 47.5 
 
 50.0 
 
 40.6 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 
 56.3 
 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 
 28.60 
 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.75 
 30.14 
 
 30.14 
 
 16.20 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 25.20 
 28.80 
 
 28.80 
 
 13.50 
 16.80 
 18.00 
 20.40 
 20.90 
 
 22.00 
 
 19.50 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 • •■ -J- ■ ■ 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ;;;;;;;; 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 'Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 175 
 
 TABLE 3.— SHEET METAL WORKERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur, 
 days. 
 
 FuU 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 halt- 
 holiday. 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 (Shopmen.) 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 J-907 
 19U 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 46.9 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 70.0 
 
 51.1 
 51.1 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 65.6 
 
 65.6 
 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 56.3 
 SO.O 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 $18.00 
 18.00 
 19.20 
 19.80 
 
 22.00 
 
 22.50 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 
 30.80 
 
 24.02 
 24.02 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 
 24.75 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 24.75 
 28.88 
 
 28.88 
 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 24.75 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 IK 
 
 HH 
 
 IK 
 
 ny. 
 
 IK 
 
 21 K 
 
 IK 
 ny 
 
 nK 
 
 »1K 
 nK 
 
 nK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 47 
 47 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ^Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
176 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 4.— STEAM FITTERS. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62,5 
 
 68.8 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 47.7 
 
 50.0 
 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 
 75.0 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 121.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.25 
 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 21.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 
 33.00 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 19.25 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 
 27.50 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 IK 
 
 \y^ 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 2 44 hours per week June to August. 
 
 3 Double time after midnight. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 177 
 
 TABLE 4.— STEAM FITTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December aer also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 55.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 46.9 
 56.3 
 
 68.8 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 37.5 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 56.3 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 59.4 
 68.8 
 71.9 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 $16.50 
 19.25 
 24.20 
 
 28.60 
 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 22.50 
 
 24.75 
 
 30.25 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 27,00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 18.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.20 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 26.13 
 30.25 
 31.64 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 '1 K 
 2 
 
 IK 
 
 l,'-i 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 iK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 •11,- 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8K 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 1 Until 11 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 ' Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
178 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 4.— STEAM FITTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 weeic 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 full 
 week. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 81.3 
 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 68.8 
 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 67.5 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 
 62.5 
 
 45.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 56.3 
 68.3 
 68.3 
 68.3 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 $24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 35.80 
 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 30.25 
 
 33.00 
 
 23.50 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 29.70 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 26.13 
 
 27.50 
 
 21.60 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 24.75 
 30.03 
 30.03 
 30.03 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 47 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 43 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 •jj-- 
 12 
 
 ■ ij'' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■"12" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ""n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ""n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ■■42" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3.K 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 = For first three hours; double time thereafter. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 179 
 
 TABLE 4.— STEAM FITTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Dallas, Texas. 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 New Orleans, La. 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 81.3 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 43.8 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 75,0 
 
 $30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 
 35.75 
 
 35.80 
 
 24.00 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 30.00 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 18.00 
 21,00 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 26.40 
 
 21.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27,50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 144 
 144 
 248 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ■ ' ii' ■ ■ 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 "ii' ' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 '"12"' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 "12 " 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 •8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 ' 48 hours October to March. 
 
 2 44 hours per week June to September, inclusive. 
 
 3 Until midnight, double time thereafter. 
 
 * Double time after 6 p. m. 
 
 * 44 hours per week June IS to Sept. 15, inclusive. 
 
180 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 4.— STEAM FITTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 Portland, Ore. 
 Salt Lalce City, Utah. 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 81.3 
 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 81.3 
 
 62.5 
 81.3 
 81.3 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 81.3 
 
 $27.50 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 36.00 
 36.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 35.80 
 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 
 35.80 
 
 27.50 
 35.80 
 35.80 
 33.00 
 35.80 
 
 35.80 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 . ..^... 
 12 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 •4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 181 
 
 TABLE 5.— STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 weelc 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday. 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 .Wwark. N. J. 
 
 Ne%v Haven, Conn. 
 
 New Yorlc. N. Y. 
 
 (Brooiclyn and 
 
 Queens.) 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 SO.O 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 70.0 
 
 56.3 
 62. S 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 72.5 
 
 75.0 
 
 45.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62. S 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 66.3 
 
 75.0 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 70.0 
 
 80.0 
 
 SO.O 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 SM.60 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.80 
 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 31.90 
 
 33.00 
 
 21.60 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 29.15 
 
 33.00 
 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 30.80 
 
 35.20 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 . • • -•• 
 12 
 12 
 
 ■ ■ '4' ' 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 • • jj • • 
 12 
 12 
 
 "12' ' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 "ii ' 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 •■■jj- ■ 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 "12." 
 12 
 
 . ■ ■ -•• 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 l.'< 
 
 1,''2 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK' 
 '2 
 
 <2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 »2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 First hour 1>^; thereafter, double time. 
 
 6 7 to 8 a. m. and 5 to 6 p. ra., time and one-half. 
 
182 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE S.— STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, lil. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 40.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 70.0 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 60.0 
 66.0 
 68.0 
 68.0 
 69.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 45.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 80.0 
 
 80.0 
 
 $24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.25 
 
 21.60 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27 50 
 
 30.80 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 26.40 
 29.04 
 29.92 
 29.92 
 30.36 
 
 30.80 
 
 21.60 
 26.70 
 26.70 
 27.81 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 28.80 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 35.20 
 
 35.20 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 444 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44K 
 
 44K 
 
 44K 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 !44 
 244 
 544 
 44 
 
 2 48 hours January to March and October to December. 
 
 ^ 48 hours per week December to March, inclusive. 
 
 6 48 hours per week October to April, inclusive. 
 
 fi 44 hours per week June to September. 
 ^ Double time after 7 p. m. 
 ' I Work 7 hours, paid for 8 hours, when working 3 shifts. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 183- 
 
 TABLE S.— STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown. ] 
 
 City. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Minneapolis , Minn. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 19,J7 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 68.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 50.0 
 56. 3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 40.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 $24.00 
 24.00 
 28.80 
 31.20 
 28.60 
 
 30.80 
 
 24.00 
 28.80 
 28.60 
 29.92 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 28.60 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 19.20 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 <27.50 
 •27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 IM 
 
 nii 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 »iK 
 
 2 
 
 •2 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 » 44 hours per week June to September, inclusive. 
 
 < 48 hours per week November to April, inclusive. 
 
 ' Work on Labor Day and Saturday afternoon prohibited. 
 
 ' 48 hours per week November to April, inclusive. 
 
 • Double time after 7 p. m. 
 
 s 48 hours per week September to April, inclusive. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 444 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 444 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 4 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
184 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 5.— STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS— Continued. 
 lAll entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 67.5 
 
 67.5 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 56.3 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 43.7 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 62.5 
 
 Per 
 
 weelc 
 
 full time. 
 
 $27.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 30.25 
 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 29.70 
 
 29.70 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 24.75 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 20.96 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 IK 
 
 I'A 
 
 ny 
 ny, 
 
 ny. 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 ny 
 ny 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 ny 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 2 
 12 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 4 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 2 Until 7 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 3 Double time after 7 p. m. 
 
 * Triple time for Labor Day. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 185 
 
 TABLE 5.— STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS— Continued. 
 [AU entries are for May, except in 1917, wlien data for December are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 33.4 
 56.3 
 61.4 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 81.3 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 56.3 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 S27.00 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 18.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 35.75 
 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 "48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 . 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 " '12' ' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 . ••-••• 
 12 
 12 
 
 ""12" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 . ..^^. 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,'< 
 
 1.'2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i'A 
 IK 
 
 2 
 22 
 
 n 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 1 Until 7 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 2 And on Saturday afternoon. 
 
 3 44 hours, June to September. 
 
186 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 6.— CEMENT WORKERS: FINISHERS. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when tlie data for October are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 70.0 
 
 50.0 
 62,5 
 62,5 
 62,5 
 75,0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62,5 
 70,0 
 
 70,0 
 
 45,0 
 45,0 
 45,0 
 47,5 
 55,0 
 
 55,0 
 
 56,3 
 62,5 
 62,5 
 65,0 
 67.5 
 
 67.5 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 50,0 
 50,0 
 55,0 
 65,0 
 
 70.0 
 
 40.0 
 50,0 
 55.0 
 
 60,0 
 
 $20.00 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 30.80 
 
 22.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33,00 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30,80 
 
 30,80 
 
 24,30 
 22,28 
 22.28 
 22.80 
 24.20 
 
 24.20 
 
 24.75 
 27,50 
 27.50 
 28.60 
 29,70 
 
 29.70 
 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 30.80 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 26.40 
 
 28.80 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 
 49K 
 
 49K 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 It 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 50 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 60 
 54 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 "ii " 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 '"12"' 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ""3"' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 "u" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 '"12"' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■•■ 
 
 
 IM 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 2 Until 11:30 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 3 Double time after 10 p. m. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 187 
 
 TABLE 6.— CEMENT WORKERS; FINISHERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for October are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 Months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 45.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 30.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 57.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 55.6 
 55.6 
 55.6 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 $27.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 19.80 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 
 33.00 
 
 18.00 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 
 26.40 
 
 25.30 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 40.50 
 
 40.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 54 
 50 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 60 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 l>i 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,'i 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I'i 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 1K< 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 6.— CEMENT WORKERS: FINISHERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for October are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 full 
 week. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 Portland, Ore. 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 44.4 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 $30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 24.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 36.00 
 33.00 
 33,00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 "ii " 
 11 
 
 "12"' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 I'A 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 i;i 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 189 
 
 TABLE 7.— PLASTERERS. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for October are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo. X. Y. 
 
 Fall River. JMass. 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 191) 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43 8 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 59.4 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 S26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.00 
 
 28.00 
 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 30.80 
 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 26.14 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 28.00 
 
 28.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 ■■J2 ■ 
 
 . . .^. .. 
 12 
 12 
 
 ■ {2" 
 12 
 
 ■ ■ jj- 
 
 12 
 
 . .^^.. . 
 12 
 12 
 
 ■"i2" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 .. . .^.. . 
 12 
 12 
 
 ■ ■ J2'' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 ■ ■ 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 I'j 
 IK 
 
 l.'i 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 =1K 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ ■4" 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 '2 
 
 72 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 I'j 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 '2 
 
 '2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 Double time after midnight. 
 
 * Double time after 11 p. m. 
 
 ' Work on certain holidays prohibited. 
 
190 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 7.— PLASTERERS— Continued. 
 (All entries are for May, except in 1917, wlien data tor October are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68,8 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 80.0 
 
 $24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 23.85 
 23.85 
 23.85 
 23.85 
 23.85 
 
 26.50 
 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 27.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 36.20 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IH 
 
 2 
 
 n 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 2 Double time after 8 p. m. 
 
 9 Work prohibited on certain holidays. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 191 
 
 TABLE 7.— PLASTERERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for October are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 weelc 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- Full 
 days. week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 1907 
 19U 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 53.1 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 55.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 72.0 
 
 72.0 
 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 
 70.8 
 
 62.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 55.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 80.0 
 
 $27.81 
 27.81 
 27.81 
 33.38 
 33.38 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 23.38 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 24.48 
 27.81 
 27.81 
 28.93 
 32.04 
 
 32.04 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28,60 
 
 30.80 
 
 27.28 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 24.20 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 35.20 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 ■2 
 
 4 
 
 4K 
 
 44K 
 44;- 
 44K 
 44M 
 44K 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 ii'A 
 44K 
 44M 
 ii'A 
 44M 
 
 44J 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ' Work on certain holidays prohibited. 
 
192 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 7.— PLASTERERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for October are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 halt- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 New Orleans, La. 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 81,3 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 
 87.5 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 
 87.5 
 
 $33.00 
 33.00 
 ■W.OO 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 35.75 
 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 36.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 
 38.50 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 28.60 
 28,60 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 28.13 
 
 28.13 
 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 
 38.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ••■Jj'" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 5 
 
 '"n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 '2 
 
 >2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 1 Work on certain holidays prohibited. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 193 
 
 TABLE 7.— PLASTERERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for October are also sUown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 Portland, Ore. 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Oct. 
 1917 
 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 62. S 
 
 62.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 
 87.5 
 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 
 87.5 
 
 81.3 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 
 87.5 
 
 S36.00 
 30.00 
 30.25 
 33.00 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 36.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 
 38.30 
 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 35.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 35.75 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 35.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 "12' ' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 •jj- ■ 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■■-■ ■ 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 " 12 " 
 
 ........ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
194 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 8.— CARPENTERS. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for August are also shown.] 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 . — 
 
 Rates 
 
 
 
 
 Hour 
 
 
 
 
 of Wages. 
 
 
 s. 
 
 No. of 
 . Monthc 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 " Per ' 
 
 week 
 full time 
 
 ■""■"For" 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For.., 
 
 Sundays 
 
 and Full 
 holidays, days. 
 
 Satur 
 days. 
 
 - Full 
 week 
 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 New York. N. Y, 
 
 (Manhattan out- 
 ,» side.) 
 
 ^Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Auet. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 
 62. S 
 
 37.5 
 42.0 
 42.0 
 42.0 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 22.2 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 40.7 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 SO.O 
 55.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 $21.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 
 28.60 
 
 19.20 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 18.00 
 20.16 
 20.16 
 20.16 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 12.00 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 19.20 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 19.50 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 24.20 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 . ■■^-■^ 
 12 
 12 
 
 3" 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 ■••jj' • 
 12 
 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 
 '"u" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 '"12"' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 "12 " 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■'12'" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 i'A 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny, 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ny 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 3 Until 10 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 195 
 
 TABLE 8.— CARPENTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for August are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Providence, R. L 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1907 
 19U 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 71.0 
 
 71.0 
 
 41.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 35.0 
 42.5 
 42.5 
 47.5 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 30.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 
 40.0 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 28.3 
 34.0 
 34.0 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 
 44.4 
 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 45.0 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 $21.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 31.24 
 
 31.24 
 
 18.04 
 19,80 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 26.40 
 
 16.80 
 20.40 
 20.40 
 22.80 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 16.20 
 18.90 
 18.90 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 19.25 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 15.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 21.60 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 Full half- 
 week, holiday. 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 50 
 50 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 
 =53 
 ■•53 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 ' Work S3 hours, paid for 54. 
 ' Double time after midnight. 
 
196 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 8.— CARPENTERS— Coutinuwi. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for August are alao sbbwn.] 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 montha 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 weelc 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, III. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 56.3 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 55.0 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 35.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 57.5 
 
 57.5 
 
 45.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 
 32.5 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 $22.25 
 22.25 
 22.25 
 22.25 
 27.81 
 
 27.81 
 
 24.75 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 20.03 
 22.25 
 22.25 
 22.25 
 27.80 
 
 27.80 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 24.20 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 16.80 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 17.80 
 20.03 
 22.25 
 25.30 
 
 25.30 
 
 21.60 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 
 15.60 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 
 24.75 
 
 
 
 
 
 44K 
 44K 
 44K 
 44K 
 44K 
 
 44K 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44K 
 44K 
 44^< 
 44K 
 H% 
 
 44K 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44K 
 44K 
 44K 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 .. ..^... 
 12 
 12 
 
 '"12 " 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■■•jj--- 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 '"n" 
 
 12 
 
 ""n" 
 
 12 
 
 ■■'12'" 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 '"u" 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ""u" 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4K 
 
 4K 
 
 4K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4K 
 
 4K 
 
 4K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nyi 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 • 2 
 
 S 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 »1K 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4K 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 8 Until 8 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 6 Double time after first two hours. 
 
BUTLDING TRADES. 
 
 197 
 
 TABLE 8,— CARPTENTEJRS— Continued. 
 [All entJ-ies are for May, except in 1917, wlien data for August are also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 weet 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week 
 
 No of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 19U 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 42.0 
 50.0 
 SCO 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50,0 
 57.5 
 
 60.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 37.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 37.5 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 $20.16 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 17.60 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 25.30 
 
 26.40 
 
 24.20 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 28.60 
 
 30,80 
 
 19.20 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 
 26.40 
 
 18.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 18.00 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 
 26.40 
 
 18.00 
 19,20 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 1 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 • 44 hours and $24.20 per week. July and August. 
 
 * Double time after 10 p. m. 
 
 1 '-i 
 l>i 
 
 IK 
 1>^ 
 
 ivj 
 
 1,'i 
 
 ilK 
 
 nyi 
 
 IK 
 iK 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44- 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
198 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 8.— CARPENTERS— Contiaufed. 
 [All entries are for May. except in 1917, -when data lor August at* also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 No. of ; 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- ; 
 holiday. ' 
 
 Per 
 
 hour- 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Los Angjles, Calif. 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Salt Lalce City, Utaii. 
 
 San Francises, Calif. 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Aug. 
 1917 
 
 45. 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 55.0 
 
 45.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 
 45.0 
 
 50,0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56,3 
 
 56,3 
 
 50,0 
 62,5 
 62,5 
 62,5 
 75,0 
 
 75,0 
 
 62,5 
 62,5 
 62,5 
 62,5 
 68,8 
 
 68,8 
 
 62,5 
 56,3 
 56.3 
 56,3 
 65.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 $19.80 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 24.20 
 
 21.60 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 
 21.60 
 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 24.75 
 
 24.75 
 
 24.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27,50 
 30,25 
 
 30,25 
 
 27,50 
 24,75 
 24,75 
 24.75 
 28,60 
 
 30,80 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 "12"' 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ,., .^,,, 
 12 
 12 
 
 "12" 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■"4" 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 1 Double time after midnight. 
 
BUILDING TR.MJKS. 
 
 199 
 
 TABLE 9.— BRICKLAYERS:- 
 [All entries are for May). 
 
 Cit.v. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 , months 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur 
 days. 
 
 - Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo. N. Y. 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 Newark. N. J. 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 N w York, N. Y. 
 Philadelphia, Pa! 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 52.5 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 70,0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 $26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 31.20 
 30.80 
 
 25.20 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 28.60 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 33.00 
 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 27.50" 
 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 28.60 
 
 30.80 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44- 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 ^^44" 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 ■ jj- ■ 
 12 
 
 ■■■■-■■ 
 5 
 
 "u" 
 
 12' ' 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 ■ jj- • 
 12 
 
 "12" 
 12 
 
 "12 " 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 ' 
 
 2 
 
 ■ j ■ 
 2 
 
 8' 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 '8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 . ,"■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 ^ 48 hours per week, November 16 to March IS, inclusive. 
 ' Double time ^ter midnight. 
 
200 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE- .9.— BRICKLAYERS— Continued. 
 [All entries ate for May.) 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Pittsburgh. Pa. 
 Providence, R. I. 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 70.0 
 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 60.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 $26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 30.80 
 
 21.20 
 23.85 
 23.85 
 23.85 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 28.13 
 28.13 
 128.13 
 33.00 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 S3 
 50 
 
 48 
 45 
 45 
 <45 
 44 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 =53 
 53 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 "ii"' 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 9 
 99 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 69 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 1 44 hours and $27.50 per week, November to March, inclusive. 
 
 = Work 53 hours, paid for 54. 
 
 " 54 hours per week, October to April, inclusive. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 201 
 
 TABLE 9.^BRICKLAYERS^Continued. 
 [All entries are for May.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Waiies. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 -Week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 Months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 SO.O 
 62. S 
 65. 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 66.7 
 70.0 
 
 62.5 
 67.5 
 72.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 
 57.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 S24.00 
 30.00 
 31.20 
 29.25 
 33.75 
 
 30.00 
 27.81 
 27.81 
 30.00 
 31.50 
 
 30.00 
 29.70 
 31.90 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 27.00 
 28,13 
 29.25 
 29.25 
 33.75 
 
 28.80 
 27.50 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 
 27.60 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 31.20 
 33.00 
 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 s 44K hours per week, October to April, 
 s 44 hours per week, October to April, inclusive. 
 » Until 7 p. m., double time thereafter. 
 1 1 44K hours December to February, inclusive. 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 ni4 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 48' 
 48 
 45 
 45 
 
 48 
 
 44K 
 44K 
 •45 
 45 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 45 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 »48 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
202 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 9.— BRICKLAYERS— Coptiniied- 
 lAll entries are for May.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 half- 1 
 holiday. \ 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday. 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur 
 days. 
 
 full 
 ■week. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 Milwaulcee, Wis. 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Omalia, Neb. 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 Birmingiiam, Ala. 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 67.5 
 72.5 
 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 
 $33.60 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 26.40 
 31.20 
 28.60 
 29.70 
 31.90 
 
 28.80 
 31.20 
 31.20 
 33.60 
 33.00 
 
 27.50 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 
 36.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 
 33.00 
 36.00 
 36.00 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 ■••jj'" 
 12 
 
 ■ " {2" ' 
 12 
 
 "'5"' 
 
 '"12' " 
 12 
 
 " u" 
 
 12 
 
 ""9"' 
 12 
 
 .. ..^... 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 9.— BRICKLAYERS— Continued. 
 
 lAIl «ntries are for MayJ 
 
 203 
 
 City. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Los Angeles. Calif. 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 82.5 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 62.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 68.8 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 80.0 
 87.5 
 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 81.3 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 $24.00 
 30.00 
 31.20 
 31.20 
 30.80 
 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 36.30 
 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 27.50 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 35.20 
 38.50 
 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 35.75 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ' Double time after midnight. 
 
204 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 10,— PAINTERS. 
 [All entries are' for May.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages, 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 half- ' 
 h,:>liday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 New Yorlc, N. Y. 
 (Bronx, Kings, 
 Manhattan and 
 Richmond.) 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 41.0 
 
 41.0 
 44.0 
 44.0 
 44.0 
 50.0 
 
 31.3 
 40.9 
 40.9 
 40.9 
 45.5 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 
 40.0 
 42.5 
 42.5 
 42.5 
 45.0 
 
 42. S 
 50.0 
 52.5 
 56.3 
 65.0 
 
 31.3 
 40.9 
 40.9 
 45.5 
 50.0 
 
 S18.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 18.04 
 
 18.04 
 19.36 
 19.36 
 19.36 
 22.00 
 
 15.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 27.50 
 
 17.60 
 18.70 
 18.70 
 18.70 
 19.80 
 
 20.40 
 22.00 
 23.10 
 24.75 
 28.60 
 
 15.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 20.02 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 ""3" 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 "n" 
 12 
 
 . ■•■^•■■ 
 12 
 
 ■ jj" 
 12 
 
 ""n" 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 «8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 •1.43 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n'A 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 2 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 6 44 hours per week. June to August, inclusive. 
 
 " Actual rate in dollars and cents per hour. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 205 
 
 TABLE 10.— PAINTERS— Contlnusd. 
 [AH entries are for May.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Atlanta. Ga. 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 
 28.3 
 31.1 
 34.0 
 33.3 
 36.1 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 
 22.3 
 25.0 
 25.0 
 25.0 
 25.0 
 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 45.0 
 
 27.8 
 27.8 
 30.6 
 37.5 
 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 70.0 
 72.5 
 
 $19.20 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 22.00 
 
 15.00 
 16.50 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 
 12.02 
 12.00 
 12.00 
 12.00 
 12.00 
 
 15.00 
 IS. 00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 21.60 
 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 16.50 
 18.00 
 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 22.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 30.80 
 31.90 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 153 
 S3 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 "n" 
 
 
 
 '.'.'.'.'.'.v. 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 
 "u" 
 
 .12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 9 
 '9 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 1 K 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 9 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 IJ2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 1 Work 53 houra; paid for 54. 
 
206 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 10.— PAINTERS— Coatinued. 
 [All entries are for MayJ 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 40.0 
 42.5 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 35.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 60.0 
 
 37.5 
 42.5 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 45.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 50.0- 
 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 47.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 40.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 
 $19.20 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 19.20 
 20.40 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 16.80 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 21.60 
 26.40 
 
 18.00 
 20.40 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 
 22.80 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 19.20 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 17.60 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 27.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 . 48 
 
 '"u" 
 
 12 
 
 "h" 
 
 12 
 
 "n" 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 " "u" 
 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 n ■ 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 >2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 - For holidays; for Sundays, hourly rate multiplied by 2. 
 
 < Double time after midnight. 
 
 s Work on certain holidays prohibited. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 207 
 
 TABLE 10.— PAINTERS— Continued. 
 [All ei^tries are for May.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days, 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 55. 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 
 35.0 
 40.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 
 35.0 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 
 35.6 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 
 35.0 
 40.0 
 42.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 42.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 52.5 
 60.0 
 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 
 $22.00 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 
 16.80 
 19.20 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 22.00 
 
 16.80 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 26.40 
 
 17.10 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.20 
 
 16.80 
 19.20 
 20.40 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 20.40 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 23.10 
 26.40 
 
 18.00 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 
 1 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 2 Until 1a.m.; do.uble time thereafter. 
 
 l>i 
 1^ 
 
 'IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK' 
 'IK' 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
208 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 10.— PAINTERS— Continued. 
 [All entries are tor May.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 Portland, Ore. 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 SO.O 
 62.5 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 
 37.5 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 SO.O 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 62.5 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 65.0 
 
 $22,00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 27.50 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 
 18.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 26.13 
 27.50 
 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 24.75 
 28.60 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■■■-■•■ 
 12 
 
 . ■■-■■■ 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 UK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 1 Double time after midnight. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 209 
 
 TABLE IL— STONEMASONS. 
 [All entries are for May.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 (Manhattan and 
 Bronx.) 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 '60.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 
 50.0 
 55. a 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 
 52.5 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 
 52.5 
 57.5 
 57.5 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 ^ Rough foundation work, 55 cents. 
 2 44 hours, June to August. 
 
 $26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 25,20 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 26.40 
 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 33.00 
 
 24.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 
 23.10 
 25.30 
 25.30 
 26.40 
 27.50 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 26.40 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 1^ 
 IM 
 
 IK 
 IM 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 =48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12. 
 
 12 
 12 
 
210 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE U.T-STONEMASONS-^Continued. 
 [All entries are for May.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 Months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. ; 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 
 39.5 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 
 45.9 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 60.0 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 66.7 
 70.0 
 
 62.8 
 67.5 
 72.5 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 S26.40 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 28.60 
 
 18.96 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 28.80 
 
 24.30 
 21.15 
 22.50 
 30.00 
 
 25.31 
 25.31 
 25.31 
 27.50 
 
 30.00 
 27.81 
 27.81 
 30.00 
 31.50 
 
 30.12 
 29.70 
 31.90 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 53 
 53 
 50 
 50 
 
 45 
 45 
 =45 
 44 
 
 48 
 44K 
 44K 
 »45 
 
 '45 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 ""s"' 
 
 ■ ■12'" 
 12 
 
 "12"' 
 12 
 
 '"12"' 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 i 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 ' 44 hours per week, November to March, inclusive. 
 = 44K hours per week, November to April, inclusive. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 211 
 
 TABLE n.^-^TONEMASONS— Continued. 
 [A 1 entries are for May.] 
 
 2 44 hours per week, September to April, inclusive. 
 
 • 44 hours per week. October to April, inclusive. 
 
 * Until 7 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 " 48 hours, December to February, inclusive. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 half- 
 holiday. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Cincinnati, Oliio. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 (Laying dressed 
 stone.) 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 54.0 
 54.0 
 54.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 75.0 
 
 50.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 
 60.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 67.5 
 72.5 
 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 75.0 
 
 $24.30 
 24.30 
 24.30 
 27.00 
 29.25 
 
 31.20 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 31.20 
 33.00 
 
 22.00 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 
 28.80 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 26.40 
 31.20 
 28.60 
 29.70 
 31.90 
 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 33.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 45 
 
 48 
 Hi 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 =48 
 H4 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 ■ ■ ■ jj' ■ ■ 
 12 
 
 4' ■ ■ 
 
 12 
 
 '7" 
 9 
 
 . . .^. 
 12 
 
 . . .^. .. 
 12 
 
 • jj- 
 12 
 
 ■ ■ jj' 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 IM 
 l>i 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 IM 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «1K 
 <1K 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
212 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 TABLE 11.— STONEMASONS— Continued. 
 [All entries are for May.J 
 
 
 City. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 
 with 
 Saturday 
 
 halt- 
 holiday. 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sundays 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 
 55.0 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 
 75.0 
 87.5 
 87.5 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 87.5 
 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 62,5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 75.0 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 
 $26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 
 26.40 
 31.20 
 31.20 
 
 33.00 
 38.50 
 38.50 
 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 27.50 
 38.50 
 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 
 30.00 
 
 27.50 
 27 50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 33.00 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 144 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 "n " 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 ■'"s" 
 
 5 
 
 ■■■-■■■ 
 12 
 
 ""n" 
 
 12 
 
 ........ 
 
 12 
 
 "n" 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 ' 48 hours per week, October to April, inclusive. 
 
BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 213 
 
 WAGES IN THE BUILDING TRADES IN NEW YORK CITY, 
 
 1911-1918. 
 
 The New York Building Trades Council issues a statement periodically 
 of the prevailing rates of wages in the building trades of that city. The 
 following table shows the rates as given for the years 1911, 1914, and 
 1917-18. All rates are based on 8 hours work per day, from 8 a. m. to 
 5 p. m., except on Saturday, when work in the building trades ceases 
 at noon. All recognized legal holidays and Sundays are figured at double 
 time. 
 
 The table is compiled from the printed statements referred to, supple- 
 mented for 1917-18 by information supplied by the secretary of the 
 Council. 
 
 BUILDING TRADE WAGES IN NEW YORK CITY, 1911-1918. 
 Rates per day. 
 
 Occupation. 
 
 Asbestos workers, boiler fitters, pipe coverers, insulators . . . 
 
 Asbestos workers' helpers 
 
 Blue stone cutters, floggers, bridge and curb setters 
 
 Blue stone cutters' helpers 
 
 Boiler makers and iron ship builders 
 
 Boiler makers' helpers 
 
 Bricklayers 
 
 Bricklayers' helpers 
 
 Carpenters and framers 
 
 Cabinet makers 
 
 Cement and concrete masons 
 
 Cement, concrete and asphalt laborers 
 
 Derrickmen and riggers 
 
 Decorators and gilders 
 
 Decorative art glass workers 
 
 Elevator constructors 
 
 Elevator constructors' helpers 
 
 Electrical workers 
 
 Electricians' helpers 
 
 Electrical fixture workers 
 
 Engineers, stationary 
 
 Engineers, portable hoisting 
 
 Engineers on boilers, pumps or pile driving machines 
 
 Engineers on all excavating 
 
 Engineers on all steam shovels and dredging 
 
 Framers 
 
 Granite cutters {yarf .^.' '''.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'■'■'■ 
 
 Glaziers 
 
 House shorers, movers and sheath pilers 
 
 House shorers' helpers 
 
 Housesmiths, bridgemen and structural iron workers 
 
 Ironworkers, bronze, metal furniture and metal trim workers 
 
 Ironworkers' helpers.^ 
 
 Ironworkers' apprentices 
 
 Metallic lathers 
 
 Marble cutters and setters 
 
 Marble carvers 
 
 Marble polishers 
 
 Marble sawyers 
 
 Marble bed rubbers 
 
 $4.50 
 2.80 
 4.50 
 3.00 
 4.25 
 3.50 
 
 5.00 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 75 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 20 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 
 4.50 
 
 4.50 
 
 5.50 
 
 5.00 
 4.50 
 
 3.50 
 2.65 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 3.50 
 3.00 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 4.00 
 4.25 
 4.50 
 
 S4.75 
 3.00 
 4.50 
 
 .00 
 .00 
 .50 
 .00 
 .00 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 4.50 
 5.00 
 5.28 
 3.40 
 4.80 
 2.20 
 4.80 
 4.50 
 6.00 
 130.00 
 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 5.00 
 
 3.75 
 2.65 
 5.00 
 5.00 
 3.50 
 3.00 
 5.00 
 5.50 
 6.00 
 4.40 
 4.65 
 4.90 
 
 $5.00 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 52 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 m 
 
 00 
 
 133 
 
 00 
 
 '!200 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 50 
 
 5.50 
 4.00 
 4.50 
 3.00 
 5.80 
 5.80 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 6.50 
 5.50 
 6.00 
 4.40 
 4.68 
 4.95 
 
 1 Weekly. 
 
 2 Per month. 
 
214 
 
 BUILDING TRADES. 
 
 BUILDING TRADE WAGES IN NEW YORK CITY, 1911-lSl«--C6lltittUed. 
 Rates per day. 
 
 Occupation. 
 
 1917-18 
 
 Marble cutters' helpers 
 
 Marble cutters' helpers, derrick work 
 
 Mosaic workers 
 
 Mosiac workers' helpers 
 
 Machine stone workers 
 
 Machinists of all description 
 
 Paper hangers (Price list) 
 
 Plate and sheet glass glaziers 
 
 Plasterers, plain and ornamental 
 
 Plasterer modelers 
 
 Plasterers' helpers 
 
 Plumbers and gas fitters 
 
 Painters 
 
 Painters, decorators — painter-striper, painter-gilder 
 
 Painter, letterer, painter grainer 
 
 Riggers on machinery, dynamos, boilers, etc 
 
 Roofers, tar, felt, composition, damp and water proofers. .,. 
 
 Rockraen and excavators 
 
 Rock drillers and tool sharpeners, open work 
 
 Rock drillers and tool sharpeners, tunnel 
 
 Sheet metal workers, coppersmiths, tinsmiths, metal roofers. 
 
 Slate and tile roofers 
 
 Steam, hot water and general pipe fitters 
 
 Steam fitters' helpers 
 
 Tile layers 
 
 Tile layers' helpers 
 
 Tunnel and subway constructors 
 
 Upholsterers of all description 
 
 Varnishers 
 
 Wood lathers 
 
 Wood lathers, on new work 
 
 Wood lathers, overhauling 
 
 Wood carvers and modelers 
 
 $3.00 
 3.75 
 
 3.50 
 5.50 
 
 3.25 
 5.50 
 4.00 
 4.50 
 
 4.00 
 4.00 
 2. SO 
 
 4.50 
 
 $3.25 
 3.75 
 4.50 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 5.00 
 
 3.50 
 5.50 
 
 2 
 
 3.25 
 5.50 
 4.00 
 4.50 
 4.50 
 4.00 
 4.25 
 
 50 
 
 68 
 
 75 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 
 50 
 
 3.25 
 
 3.75 
 
 4.50 
 
 4.00 
 
 13.50 
 5.00 
 
 $3.25 
 3.75 
 5.00 
 3.00 
 4.50 
 5.50 
 
 3.50 
 7.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 00 
 00 
 2.80 
 3.68 
 3.75 
 5.60 
 6.50 
 6.00 
 3.50 
 6.00 
 3.50 
 4.00 
 S.OO 
 5.00 
 6.40 
 
 S.OO 
 
 1 Per M on new work. 
 
 ! $30.00 to $100.00 weekly. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 WAGE RATES OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND 
 COMMON LABORERS, 1912 TO 1917 
 
 The first of the two tables presented below shows the union wage 
 rates of hod carriers, building and common labor in 63 cities for the 
 year 1912 (in some cases 1913) to 1917. In every case the rates quoted 
 for 1917 are those provided for in the scale of October and still in force 
 in December of that year. 
 
 The data were compiled from the scales of the International Hod 
 Carriers, Building and Common Laborers' Union of America, which, 
 it is reported, includes from one-half to one-third of this class of labor 
 in the country. The scales are in published form from 1914 to 1917. 
 The unpublished scales for 1912 and 1913 were furnished through the 
 courtesy of the union. 
 
 Four occupations, often with different rates of pay, are recognized 
 by the union and are shown in the table — mason tending, plaster tend- 
 ing, concrete work, and excavating work. 
 
 All rates are quoted in terms of cents per hour. In most of the 
 cities an 8-hour day prevails. Some, however, work 9 hours and a few 
 10 hours. During the two years ending October, 1917, 13 locals re- 
 ported a reduction in their regular working hours, the reduction in 11 
 cities being 1 hour and in 2 cities, 2 hours. Time and one-half for 
 overtime work is the general rule. 
 
 Table 2 gives the hourly rates, weekly earnings, and hours of labor 
 of structural and building labor for 1916 and 1917, for 65 cities, as com- 
 piled by Engineering and Contracting, and published in the August 
 29, 1917, issue of that magazine. Although these figures are rather 
 fragmentary and cover only two years they form an interesting sup- 
 plement to the union rates presented in Table 1. 
 
 215 
 
216 WAGE RATES OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON LABORERS 
 
 TABLE I. 
 
 HOURLY RATES OF PAY OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON 
 ■ LABORERS, 1912 TO DECEMBER, 1917 
 
 
 
 Mason 
 
 Plaster 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Tending 
 
 Tending 
 
 Concrete 
 
 Excavating 
 
 
 
 c. 
 
 r- c. 
 
 c. 
 
 u. 
 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
 1912 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 28 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 3354 
 
 3354 
 
 Asbury Park, N. J. 
 
 1912 
 
 34J4 
 
 345i 
 
 3454 
 
 3454 
 
 
 1914 
 
 34Ji 
 
 3454 
 
 3454 
 
 3454 
 
 
 1915 
 
 343^ 
 
 MH 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 34j^ 
 
 34f^ 
 
 34^ 
 
 25 
 
 
 1917 
 
 srvz 
 
 3751 
 
 3154 
 
 31^54 
 
 Augusta, M?. 
 
 1912 
 
 2&yi 
 
 285^ 
 
 2854 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 2854 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 3154 
 
 3154 
 
 28 5« 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 3154 
 
 3154 
 
 285i 
 
 25 
 
 
 1917 
 
 37 R 
 
 375^ 
 
 3754 
 
 37}4 
 
 Binghamton, N. Y 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 
 315^ 
 3154 
 
 315^ 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1915 
 
 315^ 
 
 315^ 
 
 22" 2/9 
 
 22 '2/9 
 
 
 1916 
 
 3154 
 
 3154 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 1912 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35 
 
 425^ 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1915 
 
 35 
 
 45 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 
 1917 
 
 425^ 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 Braddock, Pa. 
 
 1913 
 
 375^ 
 
 35 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 
 40 
 
 2S" 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 4S" 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 
 « 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 Lawrence, Mass. 
 
 1912 
 
 30 
 
 3754 
 
 2S54 
 
 25 
 
 (Union B) 
 
 1914 
 
 30 
 
 3754 
 
 2854 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 30 
 
 3754 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 Geneva, N. Y. 
 
 1912 
 
 285^ 
 
 285^ 
 
 
 
 2854 
 
 
 1914 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 36" 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 3154 
 375I 
 
 3154 
 
 3154 
 37}4 
 
 3154 
 3754 
 
 
 1917 
 
 375I 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 1912 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 28 
 
 28" 
 
 28" 
 
 28" 
 
 
 1915 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28" 
 
 28" 
 
 28" 
 
 28" 
 
 • 
 
 1917 
 
 375^ 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 Mamaroneck, N. Y. 
 
 1913 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 375^ 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 .... 
 
 Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 
 
 1912 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 375^ 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 W' 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 1917 
 
 425^ 
 
 4254 
 
 4254 
 
 
 Newburgh, N. Y. 
 
 1912 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 Oneida, N. Y. 
 
 1912 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 275^ 
 
 2754 
 
 2754 
 
 2754 
 
 
 1915 
 
 2754 
 
 2754 
 
 2754 
 
 27 54 
 
 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 3154 
 375? 
 
 3154 
 3754 
 
 3154 
 3754 
 
 3154 
 3754 
 
WAGE RATES OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON LABORERS 217 
 
 TABLE 1. 
 
 HOURLY RATES OF PAY OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON 
 LABORERS, 1912 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued 
 
 Year 
 
 Mason 
 Tending 
 
 Plaster 
 Tending 
 
 Concrete 
 
 Excavating 
 
 Port Chester, N. Y. 
 
 Portland, Me. 
 (Union A) 
 
 Quincy, Mass. 
 
 Salem, Mass. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Tarrytown, N. Y. 
 
 Utica, N. Y. 
 (Union A) 
 
 Utica, N. Y. 
 (Union B) 
 
 White Plains, N. Y. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Anderson, Ind. 
 
 Aurora, 111. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 3154 
 31 
 31 
 31 
 41 !4 
 
 35 
 35 
 35 
 35 
 40 
 
 35 
 38 
 35 
 38 
 
 50 
 
 37 Vi 
 37^ 
 
 45 
 50 
 
 25 
 30 
 30 
 30 
 35 
 35 
 
 31-4 
 
 37!^ 
 3754 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 3454 
 
 3454 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 34^ 
 
 3754 
 
 3354 
 35 
 35 
 35 
 35 
 ■42 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 31'A 
 
 • 3454 
 375^ 
 4254 
 4254 
 4254 
 
 3754 
 3754 
 4054 
 40J4 
 
 3VA 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 4154 
 
 40^ 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 45 
 
 38 
 30 
 44 
 44 
 50 
 
 3754 
 3754 
 45 
 50 
 
 25 
 30 
 30 
 30 
 35 
 35 
 
 3154 
 3154 
 3754 
 3754 
 
 32 
 
 3454 
 
 3454 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 3454 
 
 3754 
 
 35 
 35 
 35 
 35 
 42 
 
 3154 
 3154 
 3154 
 3154 
 
 3454 
 3754 
 4254 
 4254 
 4254 
 
 3754 
 3754 
 4054 
 4054 
 
 3154 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 4154 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 " 
 
 35 
 
 50 
 
 45 
 50 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 30 
 30 
 
 3154 
 3154 
 3754 
 3754 
 
 32 
 
 3454 
 
 3454 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 34!^ 
 
 3754 
 
 35 
 35 
 42 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 
 30 
 30 
 
 34H 
 3754 
 3754 
 3754 
 
 25 
 22 
 
 25" 
 4154 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 
 25 
 
 25" 
 25 
 
 3754 
 3754 
 
 45 
 50 
 
 20 
 
 2254 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 2754 
 
 2754 
 
 25 
 25 
 3754 
 3754 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 3454 
 
 3454 
 
 2754 
 
 2754 
 
 2754 
 
 32 
 
 3454 
 
 35 
 35 
 42 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 
 30 
 30 
 
 34^ 
 34H 
 3754 
 37J4 
 
218 WAGE RATES OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON LABORERS 
 
 TABLE- 1. 
 
 HOtJRLV RATES OF t'AV.Of HOD CARRIERS, BUlLtJING AND COMMON' 
 laborers; 1512 TO DECEMBER, igi7—Cctntinued 
 
 
 
 '■ Mason 
 
 Plaster 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Tending 
 
 Tending 
 
 _ Concrete^ 
 
 Excavating 
 
 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 Bay City, Mich. 
 
 1912 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1914 
 
 30 
 
 36" 
 
 36" 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 1916 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 1917 
 
 37!^ 
 
 37J^ 
 
 3754 
 
 375^ 
 
 Cape Girardeaii, Mo. 
 
 1912 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 1914 
 
 325^ 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 30 
 
 ' izyi 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 30 
 
 
 2754 
 
 20 
 
 
 1917 
 
 Z2V2 
 
 au 
 
 35 
 
 25 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 1913 
 
 31'4 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 (Union A) 
 
 1914 
 
 31-4 
 
 35 
 
 36" 
 
 • • • * 
 
 
 1915 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 3154 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 Cofifejrville, Kan. 
 
 1912 
 
 375^ 
 
 3754 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37J4 
 
 371/4 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 nVi 
 
 37J4 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 ZVA 
 
 37H 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 Dayton, O. 
 
 1912 
 
 ZlVz 
 
 3754 
 
 • tit 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40 
 
 42J4 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40 
 
 42 J4 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 42^ 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 Decatur, 111. 
 
 1912 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 . . t t 
 
 ■ ■ • • 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 E. St. Louis, 111. 
 
 1912 
 
 42 J^ 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 SO 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 
 5654 
 
 . • . • 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 si'A 
 
 625? 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 Elmhurst, 111. 
 
 1912 
 
 ZlVi 
 
 37'A 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 Hamnlond, Ind. 
 
 1913 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40 
 
 SO 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 55 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 55 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 1912 
 
 37^ 
 
 3754 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 •45 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 Lafayette, Ind. 
 
 1912 
 
 30 
 
 315^ 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 nVi 
 
 375^ 
 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37'A 
 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37j4 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40 
 
 46" 
 
 
 .... 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 1912 
 
 
 405^ 
 
 
 
 
 lSl5 
 
 45" 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 
 SO 
 
 
 
 Lockland, Ohio 
 
 1913 
 
 42J4 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 4254 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 A2'A 
 
 45 
 
 an 
 
 siji 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42 J^ 
 
 45 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
WAGE RATES OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON LABORERS 219 
 
 TABLE 1. aoUSLY RATES 01^ PAY OF HOD CASRlEftS, BUlLBlNG AMD COMMON- 
 LABORERS, 1912 TO DECEMBER, 1917-^onUnued 
 
 
 
 Mason 
 
 Plaster 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Tending 
 
 Tending 
 
 Concrete 
 
 Excavating 
 
 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 0. 
 
 Oshkosh, Wis. 
 
 1912 
 
 25 
 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 2S' ' 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25" 
 
 Ottawa, 111. 
 
 1912 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1914 
 
 32-^ 
 
 32'A 
 
 32/ 
 
 32/ 
 
 
 1915 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 Pana, 111. 
 
 1913 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 Racine, Wis. 
 
 1912 
 
 37-^ 
 
 37H 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 425^ 
 
 425^ 
 
 35 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1917 
 
 425^ 
 
 45 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 Sheboygan, Wis. 
 
 1912 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 Streator, 111. 
 
 1912 
 
 33^ 
 
 3754 
 
 31/ 
 
 31/ 
 
 
 1914 
 
 345^ 
 
 37y2 
 
 34H 
 
 31/ 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37/. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 3754 
 
 Wa 
 
 34^ 
 
 34^ 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43J4 
 
 43Ji 
 
 40H 
 
 40^ 
 
 Youngstown, Ohio 
 
 1912 
 
 25 
 
 31K 
 
 22/ 
 
 25 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43H 
 
 4394 
 
 37/ 
 
 37/ 
 
 Zanesville, Ohio 
 
 1912 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 1917 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 25 
 25 
 
 25 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25" 
 
 
 1917 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 Covington, Ky. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 37'4 
 
 40 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 42'A 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 42J^ 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 425^ 
 
 45 
 
 
 .... 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 
 36" 
 
 3254 
 3TA 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37^ 
 
 31V, 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1917 
 
 
 31Yi 
 
 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 1912 
 
 
 32/ 
 32/ 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22J^ 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1915 
 
 
 32/ 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1916 
 
 32y2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 
 28/ . 
 
 
 
 Oklahoma City, Okla. 
 
 1912 
 1916 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 35 
 
 30 
 30 
 
 30 
 30 
 
 
 1917 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 San Antonio, Tex. 
 
 1912 
 
 2m 
 
 2\% 
 
 18Ji 
 
 18Ji 
 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 vU 
 
 25 
 22 
 
 i2/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 
 1916 
 
 lyyi 
 
 22 
 
 12/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28/8 
 
 28/ 
 
 
 213!^ 
 
220 WAGE RATES OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON LABOREiRS 
 
 TABLE I. HOURLY RATES OF PAY OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON- 
 LABORERS, 1912 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued 
 
 — 
 
 
 Mason 
 
 Plaster 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Tending 
 
 Tending 
 
 Concrete 
 
 Excavating 
 
 
 
 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 Bakersfield, Cal. 
 
 1912 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 • 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 56 
 
 375^ 
 
 375^ 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 56 
 
 37}4 
 
 3754 
 
 
 1917 
 
 se'A 
 
 6254 
 
 4354 
 
 4354 
 
 Everett, Wash. 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 SO 
 
 3754 
 
 3154 
 
 
 1914 
 
 SO 
 
 50 
 
 3754 
 
 3154 
 
 
 1915 
 
 3754 
 
 50 
 
 3754 
 
 3154 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37'A 
 
 50 
 
 3755 
 
 3154 
 
 
 1917 
 
 *m 
 
 5654 
 
 50 
 
 
 Grand Junction, Colo. 
 
 1912 
 
 47 
 
 SO 
 
 37/2 
 
 3754 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 37/. 
 
 375^ 
 
 
 1915 
 
 43 H 
 
 4354 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 
 1916 
 
 4354 
 
 4354 
 
 3754 
 
 3754 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 56 54 
 
 4354 
 
 4354 
 
 Helena, Mont. 
 
 1912 
 
 62 J4 
 
 6254 
 
 5654 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62/2 
 
 6254 
 
 5654 
 
 5654 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62^ 
 
 6254 
 
 5654 
 
 43k 
 4354 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62^ 
 
 6254 
 
 5654 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62}4 
 
 6254 
 
 62g 
 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 1912 
 
 3754 
 
 5654 
 
 3154 
 
 3154 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37y2 
 
 5654 
 
 3154 
 
 3152 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35 
 
 SOi 
 
 3154 
 
 3154 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43 
 
 SO 
 
 3154 
 
 3154 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 1912 
 
 37 J4 
 
 SO 
 
 
 285^ 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37}4 
 
 SO 
 
 3754 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37yi 
 
 SO 
 
 3754 
 
 3154 
 3754 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37 J4 
 
 50 
 
 37/3 
 
 
 1917 
 
 4354 
 
 5654 
 
 4354 
 
 4354 
 
 Reno, Nev. 
 
 1912 
 
 43 K 
 43 J? 
 
 5654 
 
 3154 
 
 3154 
 
 
 1914 
 
 5654 
 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 43U 
 4354 
 
 5654 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 5-0 
 
 6254 
 
 
 
 San Jose, Cal. 
 
 1912 
 
 SO 
 
 5654 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 5654 
 56j2 
 
 6254 
 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 6254 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SCVi 
 
 62/. 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56'A 
 
 6254 
 
 
 — 
 
 San Rafael, Cal. 
 
 1912 
 
 56'4 
 
 6254 
 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56'A 
 
 6254 
 
 so" 
 
 3154 
 3754 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62yi 
 
 6254 
 
 SO 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62y2 
 
 6254 
 
 so 
 
 37k 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62 yi 
 
 6254 
 
 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1913 
 
 3754 
 
 SO 
 
 3754 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 375^ 
 
 SO 
 
 3754 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1916 
 
 6254 
 
 6254 
 
 43 k 
 4354 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 4354 
 
 62yi 
 
 3754 
 
 Stockton, Cal. 
 
 1912 
 
 56 >4 
 
 50 
 
 so 
 
 50 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 5654 
 
 • • • • 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 SO 
 
 56 
 
 50 
 
 .... 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SO' 
 
 S6 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 5654 
 
 6254 
 
 5654 
 
 
WAGE-RATES OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON LABORERS 221 
 
 TABLE 2. PREVAIUNG RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS FOR COMMON LABORERS 
 
 1916 AND 1917 
 
 Cities 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 Rate per Hour 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 Rates per Day 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 Hours of Labor 
 
 1916 
 
 1917. 
 
 Bangor, Me 
 
 Lewiston, Me 
 
 Portland, Me 
 
 Concord, N. H 
 
 Manchester, N. H . 
 
 Fall River, Mass . . 
 Fitchburg, Mass. . . 
 Haverhill, Mass. . . 
 Worcester, Mass. . 
 Bridgeport, Conn. . 
 
 Albany, N. Y 
 
 Gloversville, N. Y 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 
 East Orange. N. J.... 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Durham, N. C 
 
 Greensboro, N. C. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 
 
 Macon, Ga 
 
 Mobile, Ala 
 
 Montgomery, Ala. . 
 
 Paducab, Ky 
 
 Ft. Smith, Ark 
 
 Hattiesburg, Miss. 
 Vicksburg, Miss. . . 
 
 Columbus, O. . . 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 E. Liverpool, O. 
 
 Joliet. Ill 
 
 Oak Park, III. . . 
 
 Peoria, 111 
 
 Quinty, 111 
 
 Ft. Wayne, Ind . . . 
 Richmond, Ind. . . 
 Terra Haute, Ind. 
 
 Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 Kalamazoo, Mich. 
 
 Red Wing, Minn . 
 St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Burlington, la. . . . 
 
 Wichita, Kans 
 
 Grand Island, Neb. 
 
 Hannibal, Mo 
 
 Kansas City, Mo . . 
 
 St. Joseph, Mo . 
 St. Louis, Mo . . 
 Austin, Tex. . . . 
 Beaumont, Tex. 
 Galveston, Tex. 
 
 » $2.25 to $2.S0 per day. 
 ^ 28 to 30 cents per hour. 
 ' 34 to 38 cents per hour. 
 • 15 and 20 cents per hour. 
 " $1.75 to $1.90 per day. 
 " $1.35 to $1.50 per day. 
 ' 40 to 45 cents per hour. 
 
 cents 
 25.0 
 22.2 
 31.3 
 25.0 
 26.5 
 
 30.0 
 ='30.0 
 29.1 
 25.0 
 28.1 
 
 28.0 
 28.1 
 27.0' 
 31.3 
 25.0 
 
 14.0 
 15.6 
 18.8 
 12.5 
 18.8 
 
 12.5 
 15.0 
 15.0 
 11.0 
 18.8 
 
 25.0 
 34.4 
 27.5 
 30.0 
 37.5 
 
 25.0 
 28.1 
 27.5 
 20.0 
 
 21.9 
 
 30.0 
 28.0 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn 31.3 
 
 22.5 
 25.0 
 
 22.3 
 21.9 
 25.0 
 20.0 
 25.0 
 
 20.0 
 25.0 
 21.9 
 21.9 
 25.0 
 
 certs 
 27.8 
 31.3 
 40.6 
 27.8 
 30.0 
 
 32.0 
 '38.0 
 34.4 
 30.0 
 37.5 
 
 33.3 
 31.3 
 32.0 
 34.4 
 28.1 
 
 17.5 
 21.9 
 20.0 
 •15.0 
 25.0 
 
 18.8 
 20.0 
 20.0 . 
 15.0 
 25.0 
 
 30.0 
 37.5 
 30.0 
 '40.0 
 37.5 
 
 35.0 
 37.5 
 30.0 
 25.0 
 28.1 
 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 35.0 
 29.1 
 30.0 
 
 30.0 
 31.3 
 30.0 
 25.0 
 31.3 
 
 25.0 
 37.5 
 21.9 
 24.0 
 30.0 
 
 $2.25 
 2.00 
 2.50 
 2.25 
 2.12 
 
 2.40 
 2.40 
 2.33 
 2.00 
 2.25 
 
 2.52 
 2.25 
 2.16 
 2.50 
 2.00 
 
 1.40 
 1.25 
 1.50 
 1.00 
 1.50 
 
 l.OO 
 1.20 
 1.50 
 1.10 
 "1.50 
 
 2.00 
 2.75 
 2.20 
 2.40 
 3.00 
 
 2.00 
 2.25 
 2.20 
 1.60 
 1.75 
 
 2.40 
 2.24 
 2.50 
 2.25 
 2.00 
 
 1.78 
 1.75 
 2.00 
 1.60 
 »2.00 
 
 1.60 
 2.00 
 1.75 
 1.75 
 2.00 
 
 $2.50 
 '2.50 
 3.25 
 2.50 
 2.40 
 
 2.60 
 3.04 
 2.75 
 2.40 
 3.00 
 
 =1.75 
 1.75 
 1.80 
 1.20 
 2.00 
 
 1.50 
 1.60 
 2.00 
 1.50 
 2.00 
 
 2.40 
 3.00 
 2.40 
 3.20 
 3.00 
 
 «2.80 
 3.00 
 
 2.40 
 2.00 
 2.25 
 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.80 
 2.62 
 2.40 
 
 2.40 
 2.50 
 2.40 
 2.00 
 "2.50 
 
 2.00 
 3.00 
 1.75 
 1.92 
 2.40 
 
 » $2.80 to $3.00 per day. 
 
 " $2.00 to $2.50 per day. 
 " $2.50 to $3.00 per day. 
 " $2.75 to $3.00 per day. 
 "$2.50 to $2.75 per day. 
 13 $3.00 to $3.50 per day. 
 
 10" 
 8 
 
 8 
 10 
 10 
 
 " 10 " 
 8 
 9 
 
 8 
 10 
 10 
 
222 WAGE RATES OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON LABOREiRS 
 
 lABLE 2. 
 
 PREVAIUNG RATE.S OF WAGES AND HOyRS FOR COMMON ■ LABORERS 
 1916 ANP 19J7-,Cpntinued 
 
 Cities 
 
 Colorado Springs, Colo 
 
 Denver, Colo 
 
 Pocatello, Idaho 
 
 Great Falls, Mont 
 
 Logan, Utah 
 
 Ogden, Utah 
 
 Provo, Utah 
 
 Alejneda, Cal 
 
 Berkeley, Cal 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal 
 
 Eugene, Ore 
 
 Portland, Ore 
 
 Everett, Wash 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Taqoma, Wash 
 
 Rates of Wages 
 
 Rate per Hour 
 
 1916 
 
 cents 
 
 28.1 
 
 31.3 
 
 31.3 
 
 37.5 
 
 28.1 
 
 31.3 
 25.0 
 37.5 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 
 28.1 
 34.4 
 33.1 
 34.4 
 31.3 
 
 1917 
 
 cents 
 34.4 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 46.9 
 35.0 
 
 37.5 
 34.4 
 37.5 
 34.4 
 31.3 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 37.5 
 
 Rates per Day 
 
 1916 
 
 12.25 
 2.50 
 
 1^2.50 
 3.00 
 2.25 
 
 2.50- 
 2.00 
 3.00 
 2.50 
 2.50 
 
 2.25 
 2.75 
 2.65 
 2.75 
 2.50 
 
 1917 
 
 "2.75 
 3.00 
 
 M3.00 
 3.75 
 2.80 
 
 3.00 
 2.75 
 3.00 
 2.75 
 2.50 
 
 3.00 
 3.00 
 3.25 
 3.25 
 3.00 
 
 Hours of Labor 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 > $2.25 to $2.50 per day. 
 - 28 to 30' cents per hour. 
 3 34 to 38 cents per hour. 
 * 15 and 20 cents per hour. 
 = $1.75 to $1.90 per day. 
 "$1.35 to $1.50 per day. 
 ' 40 to 45 cents per hour. 
 
 " $2.80 to $3.00 per day. 
 
 "$2.00 to $2.50 per day. 
 " $2.50 to $3.00 per day. 
 " $2.75 to $3.00 per day. 
 " $2.50 to $2.75 per day. 
 1= $3.00 to $3.50 per day. 
 
CHAPTER DC. 
 
 UNION RATES OF PAY OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 OPERATORS IN LARGE CITIES. 
 
 The tables below give, for selected dates from 1907 to 1917, and for 
 39 large cities, the union wage rates and hours of labor of hand com- 
 positors and linotype operators in both the newspaper and book and job 
 branches of the industry. 
 
 The material used was obtained from three sources: (1) Bulletins of 
 the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics on union wages, covering 
 the period from May, 1907, to May, 1916;' (2) data collected by the 
 same bureau for May, 1917, but not yet published; and (3) the Journals 
 and Bulletins of the International Typographical Union. From the 
 latter source information was obtained regarding changes in wage scales 
 from May, 1917, to the end of the year, and inasmuch as the Typo- 
 graphical Union has long made a practice of collecting and publishing 
 scale changes among its various locals, such information may be relied 
 upon as substantially accurate. 
 
 The 39 cities used are those for which the United States Bureau of 
 Labor Statistics has published union wage rates as early as 1907. These 
 cities are important industrial centers representing 32 States. 
 
 For each of these cities data are presented, to the full extent that they 
 are comparable by years, for May 15 of the years 1907, 1911, 1912, 1914, 
 and 1917, and also for December, 1917. As noted above, the data for 
 December, 1917, were obtained from current journals and thus certain 
 changes late in the year may have been omitted. But it is believed 
 that any inaccuracies or omissions in the very recent information are 
 not sufficient to affect the general trend of wage rates as here indicated. 
 
 In a number of cities there are different scales for typesetting in 
 different languages. The scales here shown are for the English language 
 only, except in one case where the scale for the English union could not 
 be traced through the period of years and the scale for a German union 
 was substituted. 
 
 The form of presentation used in the tables here given is identical 
 with that used by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics in its 
 bulletins on union wages. The terms used and system followed may be 
 briefly explained as follows:^ 
 
 The union scale is a statement, either written or definitely understood, 
 of wages and hours of labor agreed to or accepted by an organization of 
 union men and an employer or group of employers, under which agree- 
 ment union men actually are working. The union scale usually fixes 
 the limit in only one direction. It sets a minimum wage and a maximum 
 of hours for a regular day's work. But in the printing trades of com- 
 positor and linotype operator contracts are found in certain cities in 
 which there are maximum hours stated that may not be exceeded except 
 by payment of an overtime rate, and a minimum of hours for which work 
 must be provided or payment made when a man undertakes a day's 
 
 •Bulletins of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Nos. 131, 143, 171, 194 and 214. 
 'Bulletin of the U. S. Bureau of Labor' Statistics No. 214, September, 1917. pp. 10-12. 
 
 223 
 
224 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 work. When such contract exists there may be further a commonly 
 accepted working time within the limits provided so well established 
 that such time is in effect the standard working day. In such instances 
 the tabulation shows such actual working hours, and notes state the 
 maximum and minimum hours. 
 
 In certain cities some workmen actually are paid more than the scale, 
 and, in some instances, employes work less than the scale hours. As a 
 general rule, however, the union scale represents the prevailing wage of 
 a locality for efficient labor. That this is so, is indicated by a special 
 study of the Bureau of Labor Statistics as to the number of newspaper 
 compositors receiving the scale, or more or less than the scale, in 1916. 
 This study showed that, in total, 89.6 per cent of the compositors were 
 working at the regular scale. 
 
 Compositors and linotype operators are usually paid on a time basis. 
 But in a few cities piece rates are used and these have been here included, 
 when the same system has prevailed over the whole period covered. 
 Also, it may be noted that, while the time unit in these trades is the week 
 or day, all rates have here been computed on an hourly and weekly 
 basis, in order to make comparison easy with other trades. 
 
 The table shows the rates of wages and hours of labor and the increase 
 over the regular rate for overtime, Sunday, and holiday work. This 
 table differs from similar tables for other trades, presented in other 
 chapters of this report, in not having a special column showing the 
 number of months with Saturday half- holiday. This omission is due 
 to the fact that the half-holiday system was very infrequent among the 
 compositors and linotype operators in the cities covered by this study. 
 No such item was reported among the newspaper workers, and among 
 book and job a half-day holiday was reported in only three cities — Bos- 
 ton, for 12 months; and Little Rock and Salt Lake City, for three 
 months. 
 
 Finally, it is to be noted, that all entries are for the month of May, 
 except that in 1917, both May and December are shown. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 225 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December Is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 1 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per . 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Buffalo: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Fall River: 
 Day work. 
 
 Manchester, N. H.: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 19U 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 61.0 
 61.0 
 63.0 
 63.0 
 68.0 
 
 68.0 
 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 67.0 
 67.0 
 72.0 
 
 72.0 
 
 42 7 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 
 53.1 
 
 49.0 
 54.2 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 $25.62 
 25.62 
 26.46 
 26.46 
 28.56 
 
 28.56 
 
 27.30 
 27.30 
 28.14 
 28.14 
 30.24 
 
 30.24 
 
 20.50 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 23.50 
 26.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 242 
 242 
 
 =42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 242 
 242 
 
 '42 
 
 4S 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •82c 
 <87c 
 
 <87c 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '87c 
 <92c 
 
 492 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 I'A 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 33.3 
 40.7 
 44.8 
 
 44.8 
 
 28.1 
 31.3 
 33.3 
 35.4 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 16.00 
 19.50 
 21.50 
 
 21.50 
 
 13.50 
 15.00 
 16.00 
 17,00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 21 00 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 IK 
 
 •IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 'Actual hours worked; minimum 6 per day, 36 per week; maximum 8 per day, 48 per week. 
 
 < Per hour. 
 
 ' Double time after 6 hours. 
 
226 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Newark : 
 Day woik. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 New Haven: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 New York; 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Philadelphia: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 50.0 
 56.2 
 60.9 
 60.9 
 6.S.0 
 
 65 2 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 67,4 
 67.4 
 67.4 
 
 71.8 
 
 4.3.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 46.9 
 47.9 
 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 53.1 
 54.2 
 
 54.2 
 
 62.2 
 6,4.4 
 64.4 
 66.7 
 66.7 
 
 71.1 
 
 68.9 
 71.1 
 71.1 
 73,3 
 73.8 
 
 77,8 
 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 
 45.8 
 
 47.3 
 47.3 
 47.3 
 47.8 
 47.8 
 
 52.2 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 $24.00 
 27.00 
 28,00 
 28.00 
 29.00 
 
 30,00 
 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 31.00 
 31.00 
 31.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 21 00 
 22,00 
 22,00 
 22,50 
 23.00 
 
 23.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 25.. SO 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 28.00 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 32.00 
 
 31.00 
 32.00 
 32,00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 35,00 
 
 20,00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 22,00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IM 
 iK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 1% 
 1% 
 
 7X 
 
 7K 
 
 T% 
 
 TA 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7X 
 7% 
 
 1% 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 7% 
 7% 
 
 m 
 
 1% 
 7% 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 m 
 
 7H 
 1% 
 
 iFor Sundays; on 6-day newspapers double time. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 227 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour. 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Pittsburgh: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Providence: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Scranton : 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 5.S.0 
 60.0 
 61.0 
 
 61.0 
 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 66.0 
 
 66.0 
 
 43.8 
 47.9 
 47.9 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 
 52.1 
 
 50.0 
 55.6 
 55.6 
 55.6 
 57.8 
 
 60.0 
 
 39.6 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 47.9 
 52.1 
 
 52.1 
 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 54.2 
 58.3 
 
 58 . 3 
 
 S24.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 27.00 
 27.45 
 
 27.45 
 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 29.25 
 29.70 
 
 29.70 
 
 21.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 26.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 19.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 23.00 
 25.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 28.00 
 
 28.00 
 
 ■ Minimum; maximum 8 per day, 48 per week. 
 
 3 Per hour. 
 
 s For Sundays; holidays time and one-half. 
 
 IM 
 IK 
 
 
 365c 
 '70c 
 
 =65c 
 '70c 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 52 
 
 IK 
 
 n 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 145 
 45 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 145 
 145 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
228 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Atlanta: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Baltimore: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Charleston, S. C: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 SO.O 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 SO.O 
 
 50.0 
 50 
 50.0 
 57.1 
 61.9 
 
 61.9 
 
 51.4 
 51.4 
 51.4 
 59.5 
 64.3 
 
 64.3 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 42.9 
 
 42.9 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 59.5 
 
 59.5 
 
 $18.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 25.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 25.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 ■ 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 48 
 «42 
 
 142 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IM 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 180c 
 180c 
 
 180c 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 180c 
 180c 
 
 180c 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 1 Per hour. 
 
 * Minimum; maximum 8 hours per day, 48 per week. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 229 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART I.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Richmond ; 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Washington": 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Chicago: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33 3 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 
 41.7 
 
 56.4 
 57.9 
 57.9 
 60.7 
 60.7 
 
 60.7 
 
 62.0 
 «3.4 
 63.4 
 66.7 
 66.7 
 
 66.7 
 
 55.0 
 62.0 
 62.0 
 62.0 
 62.0 
 
 66.0 
 
 60.0 
 67.0 
 67.0 
 67.0 
 67.0 
 
 71.0 
 
 $16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 23.70 
 24.30 
 24.30 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 26.00 
 26.64 
 26.64 
 27.96 
 27.96 
 
 27.96 
 
 24.75 
 27.90 
 27.90 
 27.90 
 27.90 
 
 29.70 
 
 27.00 
 30.15 
 30.15 
 30.15 
 30.15 
 
 31.95 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 '45 
 H5 
 
 >45 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 !45 
 '45 
 
 545 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i'A 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 186c 
 186c 
 
 186c 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i94Kc 
 i94Kc 
 
 i94>ic 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 <i 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 1 Per hour. . « j *„ i 
 
 'Actual hours worked; minimum 7 per day, 42 per week; maximum 8 per day, 48 per week. 
 < For Sunday on 6-day newspapers double time. 
 
 ' Minimum; maximum 8 hours per day, 48 per week. . ,, , „ .„,, 
 
 •Washington nspapers increased wages 10%. Typographical Journal, Dec, 1917. 
 
230 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART L— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [AH entries are for tlie month of May, except for 1917, wlien December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Cincinnati *: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Cleveland: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Detroit: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Indianapolis: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 52.4 
 52.4 
 54.2 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 58.3 
 58.3 
 60.4 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 48.4 
 48.4 
 53.8 
 53.8 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 54.7 
 54.7 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.5 
 
 60.5 
 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 66.0 
 
 66.0 
 
 45.8 
 49.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 
 54.2 
 54.2 
 60.4 
 
 60.4 
 
 $24.00 
 24.83 
 24.68 
 26.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 28.00 
 28.00 
 29.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 23.25 
 23.25 
 25.80 
 25.80 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 26.25 
 26.25 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 29.04 
 
 29.04 
 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 31.68 
 
 31.68 
 
 22.00 
 23.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 26.00 
 26.00 
 29.00 
 
 29.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 47% 
 47 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I'A 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IH 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 nyi 
 
 MK 
 
 1 
 
 nK 
 
 nK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 nyi 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 2 For Sundays on 7-day papers regular rate. 
 
 3 Double time after midnight. 
 
 ■* In November, 1917, the Cincinnati Post increased wages in composing room $3 per week. Typograph- 
 ical Journal, December, 1917. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 231 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Kansas City: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Milwaukee: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Minneapolis: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Omaha: 
 Day work. 
 
 JNight work. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56. 3 
 59.4 
 59.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 SO.O 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 44.8 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 
 56.3 
 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 54.2 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 45.8 
 47.9 
 47.9 
 54.0 
 54.0 
 
 54.0 
 
 52.1 
 54.2 
 54.2 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 
 53.1 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56. 3 
 59.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 S24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 21.50 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 26.00 
 27.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 22.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 25.92 
 25.92 
 
 25.92 
 
 25.00 
 26.00 
 26.00 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 
 28.80 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 Adages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 IK 
 
 n'A 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 43 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 1 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 nK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 HK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ig 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 ' On 6-day newspapers; on 7-day newspapers no increase in rate. 
 ' Sundays on 7-day newspapers regular rate. 
 ' Double time after midnight. 
 
232 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917. when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 St. Louis: 
 Day worlc. 
 
 Night woric. 
 
 Birmingham: 
 Day worlc. 
 
 Night work 
 
 Dallas: 
 Day worlc. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Little Rock: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.5 
 50.5 
 58.7 
 58.7 
 63.4 
 
 63.4 
 
 58.0 
 58.0 
 66.7 
 66.7 
 72.0 
 
 72.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 52.5 
 52.5 
 53.0 
 56.5 
 
 56.5 
 
 55.0 
 57.5 
 57.5 
 58.0 
 61.5 
 
 61.5 
 
 41.7 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 59.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 55.0 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 65.6 
 
 65.6 
 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 52.1 
 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 54.2 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 $23.25 
 23.25 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 29.16 
 
 29.16 
 
 26.00 
 26.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 32.40 
 
 32.40 
 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.26 
 23.73 
 
 23.73 
 
 23.10 
 24.15 
 24.15 
 24.36 
 25.83 
 
 25.83 
 
 20.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 26.40 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 31.50 
 
 31.50 
 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 46 
 46 
 46 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 ■42 
 
 H2 
 
 »42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 342 
 342 
 
 142 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 170c 
 <76c 
 
 <76c 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7?i 
 7K 
 
 7% 
 
 7% 
 1% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 280c 
 •86c 
 
 «86c 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 TA 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 1 90 cents per hour after 6 p. m. 
 
 2 $1.00 per hour after 5 a. m. 
 
 3 Minimum; maximum 8 per day, 48 per week. 
 * After 6 p. m. 97 cents per hour. 
 
 ^ For Sundays on 6-day newspapers time and one-half. 
 3 After 5 a. m. $1.08 per hour. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 233 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour. 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Louisville: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Memphis: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 New Orleans: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Denver: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 45.0 
 47.0 
 47.0 
 50.0 
 
 54.2 
 
 54.0 
 
 50.0 
 52.0 
 52.0 
 55. 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 57.8 
 57.8 
 
 57.8 
 
 52.5 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 57.0 
 63.3 
 
 63.3 
 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 55.0 
 56.0 
 57.0 
 
 57.0 
 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 61.0 
 62.0 
 
 62.0 
 
 50.0 
 63.3 
 63.3 
 63.3 
 63.3 
 
 63.3 
 
 56.5 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 $21.60 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 
 28.80 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 25.20 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.36 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 23.38 
 23.38 
 23.38 
 23.80 
 24.23 
 
 24.23 
 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 28.67 
 28.52 
 
 28.52 
 
 23.00 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 26.00 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 
 31.50 
 
 1 With overtime after 8 hours. 
 
 2 With overtime after SO>i hours. 
 = Double time after 3 hours 
 
 ' Minimum; maximum 8 hours per day, 48 per week. 
 
 
 >iM 
 
 ny. 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 '7K 
 
 <7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 19 K 
 8K 
 
 8K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
234 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is al;o shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Los Angeles: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Portland: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Salt Lake City: 
 Day work 
 
 Night work. 
 
 San Francisco: 
 Day work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour. 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 62.2 
 64.4 
 66.7 
 
 66.7 
 
 66.7 
 66.7 
 68.9 
 71.1 
 73.3 
 
 73.3 
 
 59.4 
 59.4 
 68.3 
 68.3 
 68.3 
 
 72.7 
 
 65.6 
 65. 6 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 79.3 
 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 65.6 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 60.0 
 64.4 
 64.4 
 64.4 
 69.0 
 
 69.0 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 $27.00 
 27.00 
 28,00 
 29.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 31.00 
 32.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 30.75 
 30.75 
 30.75 
 
 32.70 
 
 31,50 
 31.50 
 33.75 
 33.75 
 33.75 
 
 35.70 
 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 31.50 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.00 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 
 31.00 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IH 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 81.12 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hour.s. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7 
 
 7K 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7 
 
 7K 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 235 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 1.— COMPOSITORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.) 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour. 
 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 San Francisco: 
 Night work. 
 
 Seattle: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 66.7 
 71.1 
 71.1 
 71.1 
 76.2 
 
 75.5 
 
 64.3 
 71.4 
 71.4 
 75.0 
 78.6 
 
 78.6 
 
 71.4 
 78.6 
 78.6 
 82.1 
 85.7 
 
 85.7 
 
 S30.00 
 32.00 
 32.00 
 32.00 
 32.00 
 
 34.00 
 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 31.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 34.. 50 
 36.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 TA 
 7 
 
 TA 
 
 7K 
 7 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i$1.15 
 1 1.20 
 
 1 1.20 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1.20 
 1.20 
 
 1 1.20 
 
 1 
 n 
 
 <i 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 ^ Per hour. 
 
 * For Sundays; 5 hours holidays paid for full day. 
 
236 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 "hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Boston: 
 Day work: 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Buffalo: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Fall River: 
 Day work. 
 
 Manchester: 
 Day work. 
 
 Manchester: 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 61.0 
 61.0 
 63.0 
 63.0 
 68.0 
 
 68.0 
 
 65.0 
 65.0 
 67.0 
 67.0 
 72.0 
 
 72.0 
 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 
 53.1 
 
 54.2 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 28.1 
 31.2 
 33.3 
 35.4 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 $25.62 
 25.62 
 26.46 
 26.46 
 28.56 
 
 28.56 
 
 27.30 
 27.30 
 28.14 
 28.14 
 30.24 
 
 30.24 
 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 26.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 13.50 
 15.00 
 16.00 
 17.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 82c 
 180c 
 
 >80c 
 
 187c 
 192c 
 
 192c 
 No 
 
 Data 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 Per hour. 
 
 2 Actual hours worked; minimum 6 per day, 36 per week; maximum 8 per day, 48 per week. 
 * Double time after 6 hours. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 237 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Newark: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 New Haven: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 New York: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 60.9 
 60.9 
 63.0 
 
 65.2 
 
 56.3 
 62.0 
 67.4 
 67.4 
 67.4 
 
 71.8 
 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 45,8 
 46.9 
 47.1 
 
 47.1 
 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 53,1 
 54.2 
 
 54.2 
 
 62.2 
 64.4 
 64.4 
 66.7 
 66.7 
 
 71.1 
 
 68.9 
 71,1 
 71.1 
 73.3 
 73.3 
 
 77.8 
 
 $24.00 
 27.00 
 28.00 
 28.00 
 29.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 31.00 
 31.00 
 31.00 
 
 33,00 
 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 22,00 
 22.50 
 23,00 
 
 23,00 
 
 24.00 
 25,00 
 25.00 
 25.50 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 28.00 
 29.00 
 29,00 
 30.00 
 30,00 
 
 32.00 
 
 31.00 
 32.00 
 32.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 »1K 
 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 TA 
 
 m 
 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 1% 
 1% 
 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 48 
 48 
 46 
 46 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 48 
 48 
 46 
 46 
 46 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 ' $2.00 extra for beginning work at or before 5 a. m.; $1.00 extra for beginning at or before 7 a. m. 
 2 Double time for Sundays on 6-day newspapers. 
 
238 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when Djcember is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Philadelphia: 
 Day woik. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Pittsburgh; 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Providence: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Scranton: 
 Day woik. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 45,8 
 45.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 53.8 
 53.8 
 53.8 
 54.3 
 54,3 
 
 58.7 
 
 50,0 
 55.0 
 55,0 
 60,0 
 61,0 
 
 61.0 
 
 55.0 
 60,0 
 60.0 
 65.0 
 66.0 
 
 66.0 
 
 43.8 
 47,9 
 47,9 
 47.9 
 50,0 
 
 52.1 
 
 55,6 
 55,6 
 57.8 
 
 60.0 
 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 47.9 
 52.1 
 
 52.1 
 
 47.9 
 52,1 
 52.1 
 54,2 
 58,3 
 
 58,3 
 
 $22,00 
 22,00 
 22.00 
 22 00 
 22,00 
 
 22 00 
 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 25,00 
 25,00 
 25.00 
 
 27,00 
 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 27,00 
 27.45 
 
 27.45 
 
 26.40 
 28,80 
 28.80 
 29,25 
 29.70 
 
 29,70 
 
 21,00 
 23,00 
 23,00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 25,00 
 25,00 
 26.00 
 
 27,00 
 
 20,00 
 22.00 
 22,00 
 23,00 
 25,00 
 
 25,00 
 
 23,00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 26.00 
 28.00 
 
 28,00 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 »65c 
 370c 
 
 370c 
 
 >65c 
 370c 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 75i 
 7K 
 
 7M 
 
 ■7K 
 '7K 
 
 ■7K 
 
 7K 
 '7K 
 
 ■7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7% 
 
 ■7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 =7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 1 Minimum; maximum 8 per day, 48 per week. 
 
 = Minimum; maximum 8. 
 
 ' Rate per hour. 
 
 ' After 8 hours a day. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 239 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Atlanta: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Baltimore: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Richmond : 
 Day work. 
 
 Richmond: 
 Night work. 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 '8.5 
 '8.5 
 '8.5 
 
 '8.5 
 
 '10.0 
 '10.0 
 '10.0 
 
 '10.0 
 
 53.6 
 53.6 
 53.6 
 57.1 
 61.9 
 
 61.9 
 
 57. 2 
 57.2 
 57.2 
 59.5 
 64.3 
 
 64.3 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 $22.50 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '75c 
 !75c 
 
 275c 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !80c 
 2S0c 
 
 280c 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 1 Per 1000 ems, nonpareil. 
 
 2 Per hour. 
 
240 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Washington: ^ 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Cincinnati: * 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Cleveland: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 56.4 
 57.9 
 57.9 
 60.7 
 60.7 
 
 60.7 
 
 62.0 
 63.4 
 63,4 
 66.6 
 66.6 
 
 66.6 
 
 50.0 
 
 52.4 
 52.4 
 54.2 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 58.3 
 58.3 
 60.4 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 48.4 ■ 
 
 48.4 
 
 53.8 
 
 53.8 
 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 54.7 
 54.7 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 $23.70 
 24.30 
 24.30 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 26.00 
 26.64 
 26.64 
 27.96 
 27.96 
 
 27.96 
 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 26.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 28.00 
 28.00 
 29.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 23.25 
 23.25 
 25.80 
 25.80 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 26.25 
 26.25 
 28.00 
 28.80 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 ■86c 
 ■86c 
 
 ■86c 
 
 i94Kc 
 '94Kc 
 
 ■94j4c 
 
 IK 
 
 IH 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 
 47^ 
 
 47% 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 46 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 1 Per hour. 
 
 3 After 8 hours per day. 
 
 4 In November, 1917, Cincinnati Post increased wages in composing room $3 per week. Typographical 
 Journal, December, 1917. 
 
 6 Washington newspapers increased wages 10%. Typographical Journal, December, 1917. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 241 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Indianapolis: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Kansas City: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Milwaukee; 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 45.8 
 49.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 54.2 
 54.2 
 60.4 
 
 60.4 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 59.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 50.0 
 56.0 
 56.0 
 59.4 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 44.8 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 
 56.3 
 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 54.2 
 56.3 
 
 62.5 
 
 $22.00 
 23.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 26.00 
 26.00 
 29.00 
 
 29.00 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 • 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 21,50 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 26.00 
 27.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 "IK 
 
 1 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 1 On 6-day newspapers; on 7-day newspapers no increase in rate. 
 ' Double time after midnight. 
 
242 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the montli of May, except for 1917, wlien December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Minneapolis: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night worlc. 
 
 Omaha: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 St. Louis: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 ■10.0 
 ■10.0 
 ■10.0 
 
 ■10.0 
 
 ■11.0 
 ■11.0 
 ■11.0 
 
 ■11.0 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 
 53.1 
 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 59.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 ■11.00 
 ■11.00 
 811.00 
 
 811.00 
 
 ■13.00 
 ■13.00 
 813.00 
 
 813.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 42 
 36 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 S39 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 '39 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 26 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 $21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 S6K 
 S7 
 
 57 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 G 
 9 
 
 e 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 '6K 
 '7 
 
 '7 
 
 ........ 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 1 Per 1000 ems, nonpareil. 
 
 2 Minimum; maximum, 8 per day, 48 per week. 
 
 * 70 cents per hour until 6 p.m.; 90 cents per hour thereafter. 
 
 ^ Minimum; maximum 1% per day. 46 per week. 
 
 fl 80 cents per hour until 5 a.m.; ®1.00 per hour thereafter. 
 
 ' Minimum; maximum 7K per day, 45 per week. 
 
 " Per 1000 ems agate or nonpareil. 
 
 " ISK cents per 1000 ems until 5 a.m.; $1.08 per hour thereafter. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 243 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued . 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Birmingham: 
 Day work. 
 
 Dallas: 
 
 Day Work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Little Rock: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Louisville : 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 52. 5 
 52.5 
 53.0 
 56.5 
 
 56.5 
 
 '12.5 
 112.5 
 '12.0 
 
 ■13.5 
 >13.5 
 113.0 
 
 113.0 
 
 1 9.5 
 1 9.5 
 110.0 
 
 110.0 
 '10.0 
 110.5 
 
 110.5 
 
 47.0 
 49.0 
 49.0 
 50.0 
 54.2 
 
 54.2 
 
 54.0 
 54.0 
 55.0 
 60.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 $21.00 
 22.05 
 22.05 
 22.26 
 23.73 
 
 23.73 
 
 22.50 
 23.50 
 23.50 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 25.90 
 25.90 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 
 28.80 
 
 i;< 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 l'< 
 
 UK 
 
 nK 
 
 IK 
 <1K 
 
 1 
 
 i>i 
 
 IK 
 
 1 Per 1000 ems nonpareil. 
 
 ' Maximum; minimum SK hours per day, 33 per week. 
 
 * Double time after 3 hours. 
 
 ' Minimum; maximum 8 per day, 48 per week. 
 
 6'i 
 
 6! J 
 "6; J 
 
 6K' 
 6K 
 
 6'i 
 
 6)2 
 
 6>-2 
 
 6K 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 '42 
 42 
 
 48 
 39 
 39 
 
 48 
 39 
 39 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
244 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917. when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Memphis: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 New Orleans: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 '9.5 
 >9.S 
 '9.5 
 
 '9.5 
 
 '10.5 
 '10.5 
 '10.5 
 
 '10.5 
 
 '10.0 
 '10.0 
 MO.O 
 
 '10.0 
 
 '12.0 
 '12.0 
 312.0 
 
 312.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 '45 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 48 
 45 
 
 ■ 45 
 
 48 
 42 
 .42 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 
 43 K 
 42K 
 
 42 K 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 =7K 
 =7K 
 
 =7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 8 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 ^ Per 1000 ems nonpareil. 
 
 2 Minimum; maximum, 8 per day. 48 per week. 
 
 ^ Per 1000 ems agate or nonpareil. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 245 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Denver: 
 Day worlc. 
 
 Night worl£. 
 
 Los Angeles: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Portland: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 63.3 
 63.3 
 63.3 
 63.3 
 
 63.3 
 
 56.5 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 70.0 
 
 70.0 
 
 60.0 
 60.0 
 62.2 
 64.4 
 66.7 
 
 66.7 
 
 66.7 
 66.7 
 68.9 
 71.2 
 73.3 
 
 73.3 
 
 59.4 
 59.4 
 68.3 
 68.3 
 68.3 
 
 72.7 
 
 65.6 
 65.6 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 75.0 
 
 79.3 
 
 110.0 
 ■10.0 
 '10.0 
 
 "10.0 
 
 111.0 
 •11.0 
 
 ni.o 
 
 '11.0 
 
 $23.00 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 
 28.50 
 
 26.00 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 
 31.50 
 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.00 
 29.00 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 31.00 
 32.00 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 28.50 
 28.50 
 30.75 
 30.75 
 30.75 
 
 32.70 
 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 33 . 75 
 33.75 
 33.75 
 
 35.70 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 48 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 48 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7K 
 TA 
 
 7K 
 
 Ti 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 TA 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 TA 
 7K 
 
 T.'i 
 T/i 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 TA 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 TA 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 IK 
 2?1.02S 
 
 !$1.025 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 TA 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Salt Lake City: 
 Day work 
 
 IK 
 2S1.125 
 
 2$1.125 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 <8 
 
 <8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 •8 
 
 <8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ Per 1000 ems, nonpareil. 
 
 2 Rate per hour. 
 
 ' Per 1000 ems, agate or nonpareil. 
 
 * Maximum; minimum dyi hours, 39 per week. 
 
246 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 2.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: NEWSPAPERS. 
 fAU entries are for the montli of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 San Francisco: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 Seattle: 
 Day work. 
 
 Night work. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 19 4 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 60.0 
 64.4 
 64.4 
 64.4 
 69.0 
 
 68.9 
 
 66.7 
 71.1 
 71.1 
 71.1 
 76.2 
 
 75.5 
 
 64.3 
 71.4 
 71.4 
 75.0 
 78.6 
 
 78.6 
 
 71.4 
 78.6 
 78.6 
 82.1 
 85.7 
 
 85.7 
 
 $27.00 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 
 31.00 
 
 30.00 
 32.00 
 32.00 
 32.00 
 32.00 
 
 34.00 
 
 27.00 
 30.00 
 30.00 
 31.50 
 33.00 
 
 33.00 
 
 30.00 
 33.00 
 33.00 
 34.50 
 36.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 l>i 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7K 
 7 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7 
 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7K 
 7 
 
 7K 
 
 ■■•■7K- 
 
 7 
 7K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IS1.15 
 '$1.20 
 
 1J1.20 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 n 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■S1.20 
 '$1.20 
 
 '$1.20 
 
 1 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 ^ Rate per hour. 
 
 2 On holidays work 5 hours, paid for full day. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 247 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 3.— COMPOSITORS: BOOK AND JOB. 
 [AH entries are for tire montli of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.) 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 Newark, N. J. 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 New York. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 
 47.9 
 
 37.5 
 39.6 
 39.6 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 27.1 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 28.1 
 31.3 
 33.3 
 35 4 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 39.6 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 
 52.0 
 
 34.4 
 38.5 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 
 40.6 
 
 43.8 
 45.9 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 56.3 
 
 S18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 
 23.00 
 
 18.00 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 13.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 13.50 
 15.00 
 16.00 
 17.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 19.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 16.50 
 18. SO 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 
 19.50 
 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 ■ 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 ■ 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 '48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8J 
 
 8K 
 
 8K 
 
 4 
 SK 
 
 5K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 l>i 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 n'A 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 1K< 
 'l.'i 
 
 'IK 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 ^ Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 2 Double time after 6 hours. 
 
 3 Sundays from midnight to 7:30 a. m, and other days 5:30 p. m. to midnight, triple time. 
 * Hours vary but total 48 per week. 
 
248 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 3.— COMPOSITORS: BOOK AND JOB 
 fAll entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 Per 
 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Providence. 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 Atlanta. 
 Baltimore. 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 Jaclcsonville, Fla. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 39.6 
 41.7 
 . 43.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 33.3 
 
 35.4 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 39.6 
 
 37.5 
 39.6 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 47.9 
 
 47.9 
 
 31.3 
 
 34.4 
 34.4 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 32.1 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 
 46.9 
 
 $18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 16.00 
 18.00 
 19.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 16.00 
 17.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 19.00 
 
 18.00 
 19.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 23.00 
 
 23.00 
 
 15.00 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 15.40 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 '48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 H8 
 '48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 '48 
 «48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 '48 
 '48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nK 
 'IK 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 n'A 
 
 '2 
 '2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 '2 
 <2 
 
 '2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 »50c 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 «50c 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 2 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 ' For holidays; for Sunday, hourly rate multiplied by 2. 
 
 * For Sunday; for holidays hourly rate multiplied by 1}^. 
 
 > Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 
 
 ^ Per hour. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 249 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 3.— COMPOSITORS: BOOK AND JOB. 
 [AH entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.! 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Richmond, \'a. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 47.9 
 
 50.0 
 
 40.6 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 
 46.9 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 39.6 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 35.4 
 35.4 
 38.5 
 39.6 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 39.6 
 39.6 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 35.4 
 39.6 
 39.6 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 $16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 23.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 19.50 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 
 22.50 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 19.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 17.00 
 17.00 
 18.50 
 19.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 17.00 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 IJ^ 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 1> 
 
 ny. 
 
 nK 
 
 n;< 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 31K 
 siK 
 
 »i> 
 
 
 H'A 
 
 iK 
 iK 
 
 iK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 8 
 
 2 Until 8 p. m., double time thereafter, and on Saturday after completion of 48 hour week. 
 
 > Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 « 44 hours per week, June to September, mclusive. 
 
250 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 3.— COMPOSITORS: BOOK AND JOB. 
 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 Minneapolis. 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 St. Louis. 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 35. 4 
 39.6 
 39.6 
 43.8 
 47.9 
 
 47.9 
 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 46.9 
 
 46.9 
 
 38.0 
 42.7 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 47.9 
 
 47.9 
 
 37.5 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 44.8 
 
 44.8 
 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 
 52.1 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 34.4 
 34.4 
 34.4 
 39.6 
 39.6 
 
 43.8 
 
 S17.00 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 21.00 
 23.00 
 
 23.00 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 22.50 
 
 22.50 
 
 18.24 
 20.50 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 23.00 
 
 23.00 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 21.50 
 
 21.50 
 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 '48 
 148 
 
 '48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 43 
 4S 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 ■48 
 '48 
 
 •48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 ■48 
 148 
 
 '48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IM 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ IK 
 'IK 
 
 »1K 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n'A 
 "IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 960c 
 »60c 
 
 'IK 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 > Hours vary but total 48 per week. 
 3 Until 11 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 * After 8 hours and before 6 p. m., SO cents per hour; after 6 p. m., 60 cents per hour. 
 5 For holidays; for Sunday, hourly rate multiplied by 2. 
 ' Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 8 Double time after first 4 hours. 
 » Per hour. 
 1 " Overtime charge plus 50 cents per day. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 251 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 3.— COMPOSITORS: BOOK AND JOB. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917. when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 weelt 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Memphis. 
 
 New Orleans. 
 
 Denver. 
 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Portland. Ore. 
 
 Salt Lake City. 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Seattle. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 36.3 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 
 47.1 
 
 47.1 
 
 39.6 
 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 45.8 
 52.1 
 53.1 
 54.2 
 54.2 
 
 59.4 
 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 52.1 
 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 53.5 
 
 59.4 
 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 54.2 
 
 58.3 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 ,54.2 
 
 54.2 
 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 56.3 
 
 59.4 
 
 $17.44 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 19.20 
 22.60 
 
 22.60 
 
 19.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 22.00 
 25.00 
 25.50 
 26.00 
 26.00 
 
 28.50 
 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 25.68 
 
 28.50 
 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 
 28.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 27.00 
 
 28.50 
 
 '55c 
 '60c 
 
 =1K 
 
 n'A 
 
 'i> 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 I'-j 
 I'A 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 HK 
 
 nK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 '2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 IK 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 948 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 ' Per hour. , , . ,. j l ^ 
 
 2 For holidays; for Sunday, hourly rate multiplied by 2. 
 ' Until 10:30 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 ' Until 10:00 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 » Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
252 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS^-Continued. 
 
 PART 4.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: BOOK AND JOB. 
 [.'Vll entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Manchester. 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 New York. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 
 52.1 
 
 42.7 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 
 53.1 
 
 33.3 
 35.4 
 37.5 
 
 37.5 
 
 39.6 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 
 54.2 
 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 54.2 
 54.2 
 
 58.3 
 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 47.9 
 
 47.9 
 
 $20.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 20.50 
 23.00 
 24,00 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 16.00 
 17.00 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 19.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 26.00 
 26.00 
 
 28.00 
 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20,00 
 22.00 
 23.00 
 
 23.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 4S 
 '48 
 
 '48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 H8 
 
 '48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8J 
 8K 
 
 8K 
 
 4 
 5K 
 
 5K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 32 
 
 n 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 .'IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 1 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 3 Sunday from midnight to 7:30 a. m. and other days from 5:30 to midnight. 
 
 * Hours vary but total 48 per week. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 253 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 4.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: BOOK AND JOB. 
 {All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Atlanta. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Richmond. Va. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 45. 8 
 45.8 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 54.2 
 
 50.0 
 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 
 46.9 
 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 37.5 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 52.1 
 53.1 
 
 53.1 
 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 45.8 
 
 45.8. 
 
 $22.00 
 22.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 16.00 
 17.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 
 22.50 
 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 25.00 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 
 22,00 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 ■ Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 = For holidays; for Sunday, hourly rate multiplied by 2. 
 ' For Sunday; for holidays, hourly rate multiplied by IK. 
 * Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 
 
 '2 
 
 82 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
254 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 4.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: BOOK AND JOB. 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Detroit. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 ,50.0 
 50.0 
 ,50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 52.1 
 54.2 
 
 54.2 
 
 48.4 
 48.4 
 53.8 
 53.8 
 62.5 
 
 62.5 
 
 SO.O 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 55.0 
 60.5 
 
 60.5 
 
 45.8 
 48.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 SO.O 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 
 55.2 
 57.3 
 
 57.3 
 
 41.7 
 45.4 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 54.2 
 
 54.2 
 
 $24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 25.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 23.25 
 23.25 
 25.80 
 25.80 
 30.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 29.04 
 
 29.04 
 
 22.00 
 23.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 24.00 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 26.50 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 *48 
 
 '48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 43 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 348 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 H8 
 548 
 
 H8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 n'A 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IM 
 IM 
 
 i'A 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nyi 
 n'A 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nA 
 'IK 
 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 nA 
 
 nA 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 
 21 K 
 
 =iK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 2 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 3 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 
 
 * 44 hours per week, June to September, inclusive. 
 5 Double time after 9 p. m. 
 
COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 255 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS — Continued. 
 
 PART 4.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: BOOK AND JOB. 
 
 [All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917. when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour. 
 Icents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 Omaha. 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Birmingham. Ala. 
 
 Dallas. 
 
 Little Rock. 
 
 Louisville, Ky, 
 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 47.9 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 52.1 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 53.1 
 
 53.1 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 54.2 
 
 54.2 
 
 50.0 
 52.5 
 52.5 
 52.5 
 57.3 
 
 57.3 
 
 '12.5 
 '12.5 
 '12.5 
 
 •12.5 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 45.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 52.1 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 62.5 
 56.3 
 
 56.3 
 
 $25.00 
 25.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24,00 
 25.50 
 
 25.50 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 21.00 
 25.20 
 25.20 
 25.20 
 27.50 
 
 27.50 
 
 IK 
 '°1K 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 
 ny. 
 
 I '75c 
 i'75c 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 30.00 
 27.00 
 
 27,00 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 1155c 
 l>i 
 
 IK 
 
 ! Until 11 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 3 After 8 hours and before 6 p. m., 50 cents per hour; after 6 p. m., 60 cents per hour. 
 5 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 
 ' Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 9 Per 1000 ems, nonpareil, 
 ■i » Double time after 4 hours. 
 
 1 1 Rate per hour. 
 
 1 2 Overtime plus 50 cents per day. 
 
256 
 
 COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS. 
 
 UNION RATES OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE 
 
 OPERATORS— Continued. 
 
 PART 4.— LINOTYPE OPERATORS: BOOK AND JOB 
 (All entries are for the month of May, except for 1917, when December is also shown.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of Wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour, 
 (cents.) 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 full time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 For 
 Sunday 
 
 and 
 holidays. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 New Orleans. 
 
 Denver. 
 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Salt Lake City. 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 48.0 
 53,3 
 53.3 
 53.3 
 53.3 
 
 53.3 
 
 52.7 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 54.2 
 54.2 
 
 59.4 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 58.3 
 60.4 
 60.4 
 
 62.5 
 
 59.4 
 65.6 
 65.6 
 65.6 
 65.6 
 
 68.8 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 
 60.4 
 
 65.0 
 
 821.60 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 24.00 
 
 25.25 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 26.00 
 26.00 
 
 28.50 
 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 28.00 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 28.50 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 31.50 
 
 33.00 
 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 
 29.00 
 
 29.00 
 29.00 
 31.20 
 
 '1}4 
 
 ■IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 iK 
 
 '$1.00 
 <$1.00 
 
 IK 
 =iK 
 
 nK 
 =iK 
 
 21K 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 <$1.00 
 <$1.00 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 
 7K 
 8 
 
 7K 
 8 
 
 45 
 45 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 548 
 
 48 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 1 Until 10 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 2 Until midnight; double time thereafter. 
 
 3 After 10:30 p. m., double time. 
 * Rate per hour. 
 
 6 45 hours per week, June to August, inclusive. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 UNION RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND 
 ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 The union wage rates and hours of labor of stereotypers on news- 
 paper work and of electrotypers on book job work are shown in the 
 following tables, for selected years from 1907 to 1917. The data are 
 for the month of May in each case, except that in 1917 the scales in 
 effect in December, 1917, are also given. 
 
 In the selection of cities the effort was made to include the 39 cities 
 for which the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics has collected 
 union wage data since 1907, but 6 of these had to be omitted as it was 
 not possible to obtain the desired data over the period 1907 to 1917. 
 
 The wage data are shown for the years 1907, 1911, 1912, 1914, and 
 1917. Both 1911 and 1912 are included in order to permit of compari- 
 son with wages in certain other industries included in this volume, for 
 some of which information could be obtained only for 1911 and, for 
 others, only for 1912. 
 
 The material from which the tables were compiled were ( 1 ) the bulle- 
 tins of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics on union wages 
 from 1907 to 1916; (2) data for May, 1917, tabulated by the Bureau and 
 in course of publication; and (3) information for December, 1917, fur- 
 nished by the Stereotypers' and Electrotypers' Union. 
 
 The union scale is a statement, either written or definitely understood, 
 of wages and hours of labor agreed to or accepted by an organization of 
 union men and an employer or group of employers, under which agree- 
 ment union men actually are working. The union scale usually fixes the 
 limit in only one direction. It sets a minimum wage and a maximum of 
 bours for a regular day's work. This compilation shows such minimum 
 wage and maximum hours as are established by the agreed scale. In 
 certain cities and trades, however, some workmen actually are paid more 
 than the scale, and in some instances, employees work less than the scale 
 hours. As a general rule the union scale represents the prevailing wage 
 of a locality for efficient labor. 
 
 The tables show the rates of wages and hours of labor, the increase 
 over the regular rate for overtime, Sunday, and holiday work, and the 
 number of months in the year in which there was a Saturday half hoHday. 
 When for a period of more than three months of a year the number of 
 hours differed from those shown for May, the diiiference has been noted 
 in the tables. 
 
 isl 
 
258 UNION RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 TABLE 1. STEREOTYPERS. NEWSPAPERS. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also shown] 
 
 
 
 Rates of w 
 
 iges 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 1907 
 
 57.1 
 
 .".1 
 
 $24.00 
 
 4.''') 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 42 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 57.1 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 
 -t r 
 
 ,^9.5 
 
 2 1.00 
 
 SOc' 
 
 i" 
 
 7' 
 
 7' 
 
 42 
 
 
 1917 
 
 64.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 85c= 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 64.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 85c^ 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 66.7 
 66.7 
 66.7 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 36 
 36 
 
 
 1914 
 
 69.4 
 
 25.00 
 
 SOc" 
 
 i" 
 
 e' 
 
 e' 
 
 36 
 
 
 1917 
 
 75.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 85c'' 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 75.0 ; 27.00 
 
 SSc-'' 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 i" 
 
 i" 
 
 s' 
 
 s 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 li 
 
 n 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 40.0 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.3 
 
 19.50 
 
 l" 
 
 i" 
 
 74 
 
 ri 
 
 45 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.6 
 
 22.50 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.1 
 
 24.00 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 
 27. -00 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 »90c 
 
 96c 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 '90c 
 
 90c 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 '90c 
 
 90c 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 72.4 
 72.4 
 72.4 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 
 ... 
 ... 1 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 38 
 38 
 
 1 
 
 1914 
 
 79.0 
 
 30.00 
 
 >96c 
 
 96c 
 
 6' 
 
 8 
 
 38 
 
 
 1917 
 
 79.0 
 
 30.00 
 
 '90c 
 
 90c 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 38 
 
 i 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 79^.0 
 
 30.00 
 
 '90c 
 
 90o 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 38 
 
 ^Rate in cents per hour. 
 ' Rate per hour. 
 
UNION RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 259 
 
 TABLE 1. STEREOTYPERS. NEWSPAPERS.— Continued 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of 
 
 wages 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 40.6 
 
 20.25 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 ', 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii" 
 
 2" 
 
 8' 
 
 B 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 u 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 u 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 ' 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 
 20.25 
 19,50 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 ■ 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 2" 
 
 8 
 
 s' 
 
 48 , 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 ■ 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 Ii 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 42.5 
 43.8 
 
 20.40 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 48 ; 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 45.0 
 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 ii' 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1} 
 
 •^2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 '2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 ! 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 42.5 
 43.8 
 45.0 
 
 20.40 
 21.00 
 21.60 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 ii' 
 
 &' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 1 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 , 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 31.3 
 35.4 
 
 15.00 
 17.00 
 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 39.6 
 
 19.00 
 
 
 
 • * 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 39.6 
 
 19.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 ii' 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 35.7 
 40.5 
 45.2 
 
 15.00 
 17.00 
 19.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 : 
 42 ; 
 42 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.2 
 
 19.00 
 
 ii 
 
 ii' 
 
 7' 
 
 7' 
 
 42 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0" 
 
 21.00 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 -For Sundays; for holidays regular rate. 
 
260 UNION RATES OF PAY FOR STEltEOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 TABLE 1. STEREOTYPERS. NEWISBASBRS.— Contuiued 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are «l»e ahswS.,] 
 
 
 
 Rates c 
 
 f wajes 
 
 
 Hours j 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 ■week 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 .■\tlanta, Ga. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 H 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 H 
 
 
 8 
 
 . 8 
 
 43 
 
 Night work 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ij' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 14 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 H 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 40.6 
 43.8 
 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 14 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 14 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 43.3 
 46.7 
 46.7 
 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 22.50 
 
 14 ■ 
 
 
 7' 
 
 16" 
 
 45 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 22.50 
 
 14 
 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 45 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55.6 
 
 25.00 
 
 14 
 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 45 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 14' 
 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 14 
 
 jj 
 
 8 
 
 g 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 46.4 
 
 19.50 
 
 14' 
 
 
 7' 
 
 7' 
 
 42 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 14 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 14 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 31.3 
 35.4 
 
 15.00 
 17.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 14' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00. 
 
 14 
 
 n 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 Double time for Svuidays on 6 day newspapers. 
 - 1 54 for Sundays on 6 day newspapers. 
 
T'.MOX RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTVPEES .-\ND ICI.IX rROTVPERS. 261 
 
 TABLE 1. STERBOTYPERS.. NEWSPAPERS.— Continued 
 [All entries sre for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates 
 
 of wages 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 48.4 
 58.1 
 
 22.50 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 46i 
 46J 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 58. 1 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 46J 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ni' 
 
 i*' 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 "^Sc 
 
 1^2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ■"650 
 
 11 -) 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 48.9 
 58.1 
 58.1 
 
 22.75 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 
 46J 
 46J 
 46J 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ij' 
 
 ij' 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 "65c 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 »65c 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 37.9 
 43.5 
 
 21.60 
 
 22.20 
 
 
 
 :: 
 
 
 57 
 51 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 44.1 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 U' 
 
 2 ' 
 
 s 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 51.0 
 
 24.50 
 
 li 
 
 i»75c 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 51.0 
 
 24.50 
 
 H 
 
 "75c 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 41.1 
 47.7 
 48.4 
 
 21.60 
 22.20 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 524 
 464 
 464 
 
 
 1914 
 
 51.6 
 
 24.00 
 
 ij' 
 
 2 
 
 =7' 
 
 9* 
 
 464 
 
 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 52.7 
 
 24.50 
 
 u 
 
 1 
 
 "7 
 
 9i 
 
 464 
 
 
 53.7 
 
 24.50 
 
 1* 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 9* 
 
 464 
 
 Cle\'eland, Ohio 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 40.6 
 46.9 
 
 $19.50 
 22.50 
 
 
 ■ ' ■ 
 
 . 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 ii' 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 58.1 
 
 27.90 
 
 ij 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 58.1 
 
 27.90 
 
 u 
 
 1* 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1913 
 
 43.3 
 50.0 
 53.3 
 
 19.50 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 
 
 1914 
 
 55.3 
 
 24.90 
 
 H' 
 
 ii' 
 
 ri 
 
 Ji 
 
 45 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65.3 
 
 29.40 
 
 1* 
 
 1 
 
 H 
 
 7i 
 
 45 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65.3 
 
 29.40 
 
 u 
 
 1 
 
 7* 
 
 n 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • Until 10 P. M., double time thereafter. 
 
 'Friday 9 hours, Saturday 9J^. 
 " Rate per hour. 
 
 "■For Sundays, for holidays regnilar r«te. 
 " 9y, hours on Friday. 
 
262 UNIOX RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPEES AND ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 TABLE 1. STEREOTYPERS. NEWSPAPJplRS.— Continuecl 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 43.8 
 46.3 
 
 21.00 
 22.20 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 ii' 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 i 
 
 1917 
 
 57.8 
 
 27.75 
 
 li 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 57.8 
 
 27.75 
 
 H 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 52.9 
 57.1 
 
 21.00 
 22.20 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 
 1914 
 
 57.0 
 
 24.50 
 
 ii 
 
 ii' 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 66.0 
 
 28.40 
 
 n 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 43 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 66.0 
 
 28.40 
 
 n 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 43 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 49.0 
 
 23.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 46.9 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 51.0 
 
 24.48 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 i" 
 
 
 8 
 
 i' 
 
 48 ■ 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.4 
 
 28.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.4 
 
 28.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 56.3 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 i " 
 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.4 
 
 28.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.4 
 
 28.50 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
rxioN RATES IH- PAY FOR STEREOTYl-'ERS AND ELECTROTVPERS. 263 
 
 TABLE 1. STEREOTYPERS. NEWSPAPERS.— Continued 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also sliown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates 
 
 1 — 
 
 of wages 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 {■or 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 Milwaukee, ^^'is- 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 41.9 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 41.9 
 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 n 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1012 
 
 33.3 
 40.6 
 "1.9 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 ■■ 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 1* 
 
 " ij 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 1* 
 
 ij 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 40.6 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.3 
 
 21.75 
 
 IJ 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 *S.3 
 
 21.75 
 
 IJ 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 46.9 
 
 18.00 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 IJ 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1} 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 46.9 
 46.9 
 
 18.00 
 22.50 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 
 u 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 53.8 
 
 25.80 
 
 ' ii' 
 
 
 s' 
 
 a' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 57.5 
 
 27.60 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 57.5 
 
 27.60 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 51.1 
 54.6 
 54.6 
 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60.0 
 
 25.80 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 y 
 
 s' 
 
 43 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60.0 
 
 25.80 
 
 1* 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 43 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65.7 
 
 27.60 
 
 IJ 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 1 Double time before 6:30 P. M. 
 
264 UNION RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 TABLE 1. SIEREOTYPERS. NEWSPAPEKS.— Co*tinned 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are llso shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates c 
 
 f wages 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 . Per 
 
 week 
 
 . For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and: 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 Eirftiingham, Ala. 
 
 1912 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 S 
 
 8' 
 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1912 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 ni 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 •• 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ij' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 U 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1911 
 1913 
 
 44.8 
 44.8 
 
 21.50 
 21.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 40.6 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 ■■ 
 
 ■• 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 H 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 40.6 
 43.8 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 48.1 
 
 23.10 
 
 li 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 48.1 
 
 23.10 
 
 li 
 
 n 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 ^ Sundays; 
 ' Sundays; 
 
 holidays single time, 
 holidays 1J4. 
 
UXIOX RATES (It PAV FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 265 
 
 TABtE 1. SrEREOTYPEES. NEWSPAPERS.— Continued 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 40.6 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ij' 
 
 i" 
 
 8 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 DfC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 40.6 
 43.8 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ij' 
 
 i" 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 1* 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 IJ 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Xew Orleans, La. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 31.3 
 32.1 
 
 15.00 
 15.40 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 32.1 
 
 15.40 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.9 
 
 18.42 
 
 ij' 
 
 ii' 
 
 y 
 
 Y 
 
 42 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 1* 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 '42 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 IJ 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 242 
 
 Night work 
 
 1912 
 
 40.0 
 
 19.20 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 n 
 
 ii' 
 
 Y 
 
 Y 
 
 42 
 
 
 1917 
 
 57.1 
 
 24.00 
 
 u 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 =42 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 57.1 
 
 24.00 
 
 1* 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 46.9 
 53.1 
 
 22.50 
 25.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 li 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 58.7 
 
 28.25 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 . 53.1 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 
 
 
 ■• 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 58.7 
 
 28.25 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 
 1907 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 •■ 
 
 48 
 
 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 Day work ' 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 1= 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ij' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ■ iJ 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.3 
 
 28.50 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 li 
 
 ii 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1917 
 
 59.3 
 
 28.50 
 
 H 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 = Minimum; maximum 8 hours per day, 48 per week. 
 
266 UNION KATES OF P.VY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 TABLE r. StERBO'XYPSRS. ' NEWSPAPERS.— Continued' 
 [Ail entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates 
 
 ■ I 
 
 1 
 
 of wag^is 
 
 ' 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 Year ■ 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 1 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 i days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 Portland, Oreg. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 46.9 
 53.1 
 
 22.50 
 25.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 53.1 
 
 25.50 
 
 
 
 '. . 
 
 1 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.3 
 
 28.50 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 46.9 
 53.1 
 53.1 
 
 22.50 
 25.50 
 25.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 ' 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 & 
 
 8 
 
 48 : 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.3 
 
 28.50 
 
 u 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 ' 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 'ii' 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 1* 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 u 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 21.00 
 24.00 ■ 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ii' 
 
 ni' 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 li 
 
 
 S 
 
 S 
 
 48 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 1 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 'On 6 day newspapers; on 7 day newspapers no increase in rate. 
 
I.XION RATES OF P.W FOR STEREOTVPERS AND ELEGTROTYPERS. 267 
 
 TABLE 1. "^TEREOTYPBRS. NEWSPAPERS— Continued 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917 when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 53.3 
 60.0 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 45 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 60.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 1914 
 
 66.7 
 
 30.00 
 
 n' 
 
 
 H 
 
 7* 
 
 45 
 
 
 1917 
 
 66.7 
 
 30.00 
 
 1* 
 
 
 7J 
 
 7} 
 
 45 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 66.7 
 
 30.00 
 
 H 
 
 
 7J 
 
 7} 
 
 43 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 53.3 
 60.0 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 45 
 
 Night work 
 
 1912 
 
 60.0 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 1914 
 
 66.7 
 
 30.00 
 
 ii 
 
 
 7* 
 
 H 
 
 45 
 
 
 1917 
 
 66.7 
 
 30.00 
 
 u 
 
 
 7i 
 
 7i 
 
 43 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 66.7 
 
 30.00 
 
 1* 
 
 
 7* 
 
 7i 
 
 45 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 64.3 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 42 
 
 Day work 
 
 1912 
 
 64.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 
 1914 
 
 67.9 
 
 28.50 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 y 
 
 y 
 
 42 
 
 
 1917 
 
 76.4 
 
 32.10 
 
 'l."l5 
 
 -1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 76.4 
 
 32.10 
 
 '1.15 
 
 -1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 Night work 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 64.3 
 64.3 
 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 42 
 42 
 
 
 1914 
 
 67.9 1 
 
 28.50 
 
 U' 
 
 
 y 
 
 y 
 
 42 
 
 
 1917 
 
 75.0 
 
 31.50 
 
 '1.15 
 
 3J 
 
 *7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 75. 
 
 31.50 
 
 n.i5 
 
 n 
 
 *7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 ^ Rate per hour. 
 
 ^ For Sundays; for holidays work 5 hours paid for day. 
 
 ^ Holidays work 5 hours paid for full day*. 
 
 * Work 7^/2 hours 2 days each week. 
 
268 UNION RATES OF PAY FOB &TEREOTYPERS AND ELECTKOTYPEBS. 
 
 TABLE i. ELECTROTYPERS, 'FINISHERS AND IVfOLDERS. BOOK AND JOB. 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates c 
 
 f wages 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 mos. 
 
 with 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 Satur. 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week. 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 holi- 
 day 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 41.7 
 46.9 
 
 $22.50 
 22.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 l| 
 
 2 
 
 8i 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.5 
 
 25.20 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8i 
 
 4J 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 44.4 
 50.0 
 50. 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8J 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.5 
 
 25.20 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 81 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Buifalo, N. Y. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii 
 
 2 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 H 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 1 
 
 48 
 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 20.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 H 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 New Haven,, Ct. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 
 18. 00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 54 
 
 
 Fitiishers 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54- 
 
 .■,— 
 
 
 1914 
 
 39.6 
 
 21.00 
 
 ii 
 
 2 
 
 9' 
 
 8 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 1* 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 ■ '54 
 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 39.6 
 
 21.00 
 
 \\ 
 
 9 
 
 9' 
 
 8 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 H 
 
 .2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
CNIOX KATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 269 
 
 TAjftLS .'. EU:CTKOTYPERS, FINISHERS AND MOIDESS. BOOK AND JOB. 
 
 ContlniMd 
 
 [All entries are for May, except ^ 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per I 
 weelc, 1 For 
 full i over- 
 time ! time 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 Hours 
 
 Full 
 days 
 
 Satur- 
 days 
 
 Full 
 week 
 
 X. York, X. Y. 
 Finishers 
 
 Moldc. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Finishers 
 
 Molders 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 
 Finishers 
 
 Molders 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 Finishers 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 1914 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 
 i 1917 
 
 I 
 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 68.8 
 
 68.8 
 
 33.3 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 47.9 
 52.1 
 
 54.2 
 37.0 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 52.1 
 56.3 
 
 58.4 
 
 33.3 
 41.2 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 
 45.8 
 38.9 
 47.6 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 52.1 
 
 52.1 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 
 43.8 
 
 24 
 
 75 
 
 27 
 
 50 
 
 27 
 
 50 
 
 27 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 30.25 
 24.75 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 30.25 
 
 30.25 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 23.00 
 25.00 
 
 •2-6.00 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 25.00 
 27.00 
 
 28.00 
 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 
 22.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 25.00 
 
 25.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 31.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 ''li 
 =1* 
 
 =li 
 
 =1J 
 °li 
 
 »U 
 
 Hi 
 "IJ 
 
 =ii 
 =ii 
 
 =ii 
 "li 
 
 •li 
 
 u 
 
 li 
 14 
 
 .81 
 
 8 
 8} 
 
 8} 
 
 4i 
 4i 
 
 4i 
 4i 
 
 ^ 43 hours January — -April and September- 
 = Until 9 r. M.; double time thereafter. 
 'Hours \aiy but totel 48 per week. 
 'Until 10 P. M.; double time thereafter. 
 '$3.00 per week- more for night work. 
 
 -December. 
 
 144 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 144 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 M8 
 
 48 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 M8 
 48 
 
 54 
 51 
 48 
 48 
 M8 
 
 «48 
 54 
 51 
 48 
 48 
 
 «48 
 
 »48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
270 UNION HATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 TAaLE-2. EI,ECTROq'YPERSi FINISHERS AND MO£,DERS. - BOOK AND JOB. 
 
 
 - .- ■ 
 
 
 Continued 
 
 
 
 
 ■^ ■ - 
 
 
 
 [All tiilries 
 
 ire for 
 
 Hay, except in 1917, when 
 
 data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates. of wage. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 - Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 - — - - 
 
 
 
 mog. 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 Per .. 
 
 week. 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 : (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 Holi- 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 holi- 
 day 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 1911 
 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 1912 
 
 1 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1914 
 
 [ 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii 
 
 2 18} 
 
 4} 
 
 48 
 
 . .12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 . 24.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 j 8J 
 
 4i 
 
 48- ■ 
 
 ' 1-2 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 1 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1* 
 
 i 2 ' 8J 
 
 4i i 48 
 
 12 
 
 Molciers 
 
 1911 
 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 
 1 
 
 .. i 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 1 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 .. ' 48 
 
 
 
 k 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 a 
 
 i' \ .si 
 
 4} 1 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 H 
 
 2 ; 8i 
 
 4i 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 IJ 
 
 2 
 
 SI 
 
 43: 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 1912, 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.7 
 
 21.00 
 
 'ij 
 
 2 , si 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 'li 
 
 
 8i 
 
 4i 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 'U 
 
 2 
 
 8i 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Holders 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 'ii 
 
 2 
 
 si 
 
 ii 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 •li 
 
 2 
 
 8J 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 'H 
 
 2 
 
 8i 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Jacks'nville, Fla. ' 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 .. ! 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 ij 
 
 2 
 
 8' 
 
 8 1 M8 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 1 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 IJ 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 8 ' 48 
 
 
 Holders 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 ^ 
 
 2 S \ 
 
 8 , =48 
 
 1 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 Ij 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 1 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 • 46.9 
 
 ■ 22.50 
 
 IJ 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 48 
 
 
 Wash'ton, D. C. 
 
 1907 
 1911. 
 
 50.0 
 54.6 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 .. 1 48 
 
 1 44 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912' 
 
 54.6 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 22.00 
 
 i* 
 
 2' 
 
 8' 
 
 4 44 
 
 12 ; 
 
 
 1917 
 
 ■ 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 li 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 1 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 58.2 
 
 28.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 ! 48 
 
 
 Holders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 50.0 
 54.6 
 
 24.00 
 24100 - 
 
 
 . . < 
 
 1 
 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 54.6 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 .: 1 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50. P 
 
 22.00 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4' 
 
 44 
 
 12 '■■ 
 
 
 1917 
 
 ■56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 58.2 ■ 
 
 28.00 
 
 li . 
 
 ■ 2 
 
 S 
 
 8 48 
 
 
 ^ Until 10. P. M.; double time thereafter ,^nd after S P. M. on Saturday. 
 -Hours vary, but total 48 hours per week. 
 
UXlu.X RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS -VXD ELECTROTVPEKS. 271 
 
 TABLE .'. ELECTROTYPERS, FINISHEItS AND HOLDERS. BOOK AXD JOB. 
 
 Continued 
 
 [All entries are for ilay, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 J No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mus. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 with 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 ; Satur- 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week. 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 i half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 ! holi- 
 i day 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 
 ;; 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 'ii 
 
 2 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 "* 
 
 2 
 
 H 
 
 •'i 
 
 ■"8 
 
 i'z 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 58.2 
 
 28.00 
 
 '1* 
 
 9 
 
 8i 
 
 4 J 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 ■ij 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60.4 
 
 29.00 
 
 '14 
 
 -> 
 
 Si 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60.4 
 
 29.00 
 
 'li 
 
 2 
 
 8} 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Cincinnati, O. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 ^ii 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 =1} 
 
 t 
 
 8i 
 
 41 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 20.00 
 
 =ii 
 
 2 
 
 8i 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 47.9 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 23.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ni 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ^14 
 
 2 
 
 8} 
 
 41 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 191" 
 
 52.5 
 
 25.20 
 
 n* 
 
 2 
 
 8} 
 
 M 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Cleveland, O. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 41.7 
 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 44.8 
 
 21.50 
 
 i* 
 
 2 
 
 =8' 
 
 38' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 Mi 
 
 2 
 
 84 
 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 ii 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 '14 
 
 2 
 
 84 
 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 is" 
 
 'S' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 *14 
 
 — 
 
 84 
 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1-917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 M4 
 
 2 
 
 84 
 
 5» 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 * Until 9 P. M. ; double time thereafter and after 4 P. M. on §aturday3. 
 
 = Until 10 P. M.; double time thereafter and after 5 P. M. on Saturdays. 
 ^ Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 
 
 * Double time after midnight and after 5 P. M. on Saturdays. 
 
272 UNION RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 TABLE 2. EUECTRDTSTERS, FINISHERS ANP MOilDEBS.- BOOK ANt) J.OS- 
 
 Continued 
 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data ioi December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 Satur- 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 holi- 
 day 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 35.3 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 48 
 
 
 Fishishers 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 ni 
 
 2 
 
 si 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 ni 
 
 2 
 
 8J 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 ^i 
 
 2 
 
 8J 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 35.3 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 51 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 "ii 
 
 2 
 
 8* 
 
 ii 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 Dec. 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 nj 
 
 2 
 
 8i 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 =1* 
 
 2 
 
 H 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Indianapls., Ind. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 36.1 
 43.8 
 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 n'i 
 
 2 
 
 k' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 22.00 
 
 ni 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 22.00 
 
 ij 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Molders' 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 36.1 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 
 19.50 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 *ii 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.3 
 
 23.00 
 
 ni 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1017 
 
 .';2.3 
 
 23.00 
 
 »'i 
 
 2 
 
 ? 
 
 * 
 
 "4 
 
 )2 
 
 Kan. City, Mo 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 43.8 
 
 18.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ij 
 
 H 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 1} . 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 ; 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 18.00 
 21.00 , 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ij 
 
 ij 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 •50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ij 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 ^. Hours vary but total 48 per week. 
 
 ' Until 9 P. M. ; double time thereafter. 
 
 s Until 10 P. M.; double time thereafter and after 5 P. M, on Saturday. 
 ' Double time after midnight and after 5 PM. on Saturday. 
 
UNION RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPBRS. 273 
 
 TABLE 2. ELECTRQTYPERS, FINISHERS AND HOLDERS. BOOK AND J013. 
 
 Continued 
 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data for December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 Hours 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 Satur- 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 Per 
 
 week. 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 holi- 
 day 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 40.6 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 ^s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO.O 
 
 24.00 
 
 H 
 
 2 
 
 '8 
 
 S 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 H 
 
 2 
 
 '8 
 
 S 
 
 4S 
 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 40.6 
 43.8 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 
 '■'■ 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 
 is' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 s 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO.O 
 
 24.00 
 
 n 
 
 ~ 
 
 >8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Minnpls., Minn. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 30.0 
 36.1 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 =14 
 
 2 
 
 "s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO.O 
 
 24.00 
 
 *ii 
 
 2 
 
 '8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ni 
 
 2 
 
 >8 
 
 S 
 
 48 
 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 30.0 
 36.1 
 36.1 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 
 
 60 
 54 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ni 
 
 i' 
 
 is' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 'U 
 
 2 
 
 ■8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 S6.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 ■ • 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 i| 
 
 2 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 U 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 38.9 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 fo 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 39.0 
 42.0 
 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 42.0 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 =ii 
 
 2 
 
 si 
 
 H 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 =li 
 
 2 
 
 Si 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 Dpc. 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 =14 
 
 2 
 
 8i 
 
 4i 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 1 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 
 = Until 10 P. M.; double time thereafter. 
 * Double time after 9 P. M. and after 4 P. M. on Saturday. 
 
274 UNION RATES OF PAY FOR STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS. 
 
 TABLE 2. ELECTROTYPERS, FINISHERS AND MOiLDERS. BOOK AND JOB. 
 
 Continued 
 
 [All entries are for May, except in 1917, when data £or December are also shown.] 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 Hours 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mos. 
 with 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 Satur- 
 
 City 
 
 Year 
 
 Pel- 
 
 week. 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time 
 
 time 
 
 holi- 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 days 
 
 week 
 
 holi- 
 day 
 
 Dallas, Tex. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 ij 
 
 2 
 
 8' 
 
 % 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 1» 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 •■ 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ij 
 
 2 
 
 8* 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 'H 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.9 
 
 23.00 
 
 'li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Moldcrs 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 25.00 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 lit 
 
 2 
 
 s' 
 
 8' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 54.2 
 
 26.00 
 
 iji 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 54.2 
 
 26.00 
 
 'li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 u 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.3 
 
 28.50 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Jlolders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 46.9 
 50.0 
 50.0 
 
 22.50 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 ■ 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50.0 
 
 24.00 
 
 ii 
 
 2 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 59.3 
 
 28.50 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 1 
 
 48 
 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 
 46.9 
 52.1 
 
 22.50 
 25.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 Finishers 
 
 1912 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 ii 
 
 li 
 
 s' 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 li 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 1* 
 
 li 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Molders 
 
 1907 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 46.9 
 52.1 
 52.1 
 
 22.50 
 25.00 
 25.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 ii 
 
 ii 
 
 s' 
 
 s' 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 H 
 
 1* 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 Dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 li 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Double time after 10 P. M. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES OF PAPERMAKERS. 
 
 This chapter presents the union wage rates of papermakers, in the 
 newspaper branch of the industry, under the wage scales of 1914 and 
 1916, with supplementary data regarding voluntary increases made in 
 1917 by certain paper manufacturers. 
 
 There are four union occupations concerned in the making of what 
 is known as "news, bag, and hanging papers." These are machine ten- 
 ders, back tenders, third hands, and beater engineers. For wage pur- 
 poses each of these is divided into several classes, with hourly pay 
 rates varying according to size, etc., of paper made. 
 
 For the purpose of indicating the trend of wage rates, an average of 
 the several classes in each occupation would seem to offer a fair al- 
 though somewhat crude measure. Such averages are given in the fol- 
 lowing table, under the scales of 1914 and 1916. The 1916 scale was 
 drawn to run for two years — i. e., to June 30, 1918. But, with the 
 great increase in cost of living in 1917, most manufacturers seem to 
 have granted important wage advances to their employees, although 
 such advances have not been incorporated in a scale. The table shows 
 the effect of such supplementary' advances for three groups of mills 
 down to January 1, 1918. This information was furnished by union 
 officials, checked with statements in trade papers, and is believed to be 
 sufficiently accurate for the purpose of showing wage trend. 
 
 ''^ ■' RATES OF PAY OF PAPERilAKERS 
 
 
 Hourly Rate 
 
 Per Cent Increase Over 1914 
 
 Ma- 
 
 
 
 
 Ma- 
 
 
 
 
 
 chine 
 
 Rack 
 
 Third 
 
 Beater 
 
 chine 
 
 Back 
 
 Third 
 
 Beater 
 
 
 Ten- 
 
 Ten- 
 
 Hands 
 
 Engi- 
 
 Ten- 
 
 Ten- 
 
 Hands 
 
 Engi- 
 
 
 ders 
 
 ders 
 
 
 neers 
 
 ders 
 
 ders 
 
 
 neers 
 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 c. 
 
 i:. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average rate of the several 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 classes, Scale 1914 
 
 55.7 
 
 42.8 
 
 31.0 
 
 43.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average rate of the several 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 classes. Scale 1916 
 
 60'. 2 
 
 47.2 
 
 34.5 
 
 47.9 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 Average rates on Jan. 1, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1918, after advances 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 made, by three groups 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of mines: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A— Flat 10 per cent 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 advance 
 
 66.2 
 
 51.9 
 
 37.9 
 
 53.7 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 B — Flat 8 per cent 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 advance 
 
 68.2 
 
 55.2 
 
 42.5 
 
 55.9 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 37 
 
 29 
 
 C — Advance of 6 cents 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 plus 10 per cent 
 
 72.8 
 
 58.5 
 
 44.6 
 
 59.3 
 
 31 
 
 36 
 
 44 
 
 36 
 
 275 
 
276 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES OF PAPERMAKERS 
 
 The following table shows the detailed hourly and daily rates for the 
 several classes of the four occupations above mentioned, under the 
 scales of 1914 and 1916, and the class averages used in the preceding 
 table. 
 
 RATES OF WAGES FOR NEWS, BAG AND HANGING PAPERS 
 Machine Tender 
 
 Class 
 
 Rate per Hour 
 
 Hours 
 
 per Day 
 
 Rate per Day 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 1 
 
 c. 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60' 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 66 
 67 
 69 
 71 
 73 
 55.7 
 
 c. 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 55 
 
 If"' 
 
 62}^ 
 64 
 
 67 
 
 68 VS 
 
 70 
 
 715^ 
 
 73 
 
 74H 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 60.2 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 $3.28 
 3.36 
 3.44 
 3.52 
 3.60 
 3.68 
 3.76 
 3.84 
 3.92 
 4.00 
 4.08 
 4.16 
 4.24 
 4.32 
 4.40 
 4.48 
 4.56 
 4.64 
 4.72 
 4.80 
 4.88 
 4.96 
 5.04 
 5.12 
 5.20 
 5.28 
 5.36 
 5.52 
 5.-68 
 5.84 
 
 $3.44 
 3.52 
 3.60 
 3.68 
 3.76 
 3.84 
 3.92 
 4.00 
 4.08 
 4.16 
 4.24 
 4.32 
 4.40 
 4.52 
 4.64 
 4.76 
 4.88 
 5.-00 
 5.12 
 5.24 
 5.36 
 5.48 
 5.60 
 5.72 
 5.84 
 5.96 
 6.08 
 6.24 
 6.40 
 6.56 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 Average all classes. 
 
UNION WAGE RATES OF PAPERMAKERS 
 BACK TENDERS 
 
 277 
 
 CTass 
 
 Rate perHour 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 ..:... 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 Average all classes 
 
 1914-16 
 
 c. 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41}^ 
 
 43 
 
 44 J^ 
 
 46 
 
 47J^ 
 
 49 
 
 soy2 
 
 52 
 
 53^ 
 
 55 
 
 57 
 
 59 
 
 61 
 
 63 
 
 65 
 
 42.8 
 
 1916-18 
 
 c. 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41i/< 
 
 43 
 
 45 
 
 47 
 
 49 
 
 51 
 
 53 
 
 55 
 
 57 
 
 59 
 
 61 
 
 63 
 
 68 
 70 
 72 
 74 
 47.2 
 
 Hours per Day 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 Rate per Day 
 
 1914-16 
 
 $2.08 
 2.16 
 2.24 
 2.32 
 2.40 
 2.48 
 2.56 
 2.64 
 2.72 
 2.80 
 2.88 
 2.96 
 3.04 
 3.12 
 3.20 
 3.32 
 3.44 
 3.56 
 3.68 
 3.80 
 3.92 
 4.04 
 4.16 
 4.28 
 4.40 
 4.56 
 4.72 
 4.88 
 5.04 
 5.20 
 
 1916-18 
 
 $2.24 
 2.32 
 2.40 
 2.48 
 2.56 
 2.64 
 2.72 
 2.80 
 2.88 
 2.96 
 3.04 
 3.12 
 3.20 
 3.32 
 3.44 
 3.60 
 3.76 
 3.92 
 4.08 
 4.24 
 4.40 
 4.56 
 4.72 
 4.88 
 5.04 
 5.24 
 5.44 
 5.60 
 5.76 
 5.92 
 
 THIRD HANDS 
 
 Class 
 
 Rate per Hour 
 
 Hours per Day 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 Rate per Day 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 c. 
 
 1 and 2 ' 24 
 
 3 and 4 I 25 
 
 5 and 6 26 
 
 7 and 8 i 27 
 
 9 and 10 | 28 
 
 11 and 12 ^ 29 
 
 13 and 14 30 
 
 15 and 16 31 
 
 17 and 18 32 
 
 19 and 20 33 
 
 21 and 22 34 
 
 23 and 24 ' 35 
 
 25 and 26 ! 36 
 
 27 and 28 i 37 
 
 29 and 30 I 38 
 
 Average all classes, i 31. 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 J^ 
 
 34 
 
 35^ 
 
 37 
 
 38^ 
 
 40 
 
 Aiyi 
 
 43 
 
 44^ 
 
 34.5 
 
 $1.92 
 
 $2.08 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.16 
 
 2.08 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.16 
 
 2.32 
 
 2.24 
 
 2.40 
 
 2.32 
 
 2.48 
 
 2.40 
 
 2.60 
 
 2.48 
 
 2.72 
 
 2.56 
 
 2.84 
 
 2.64 
 
 2.96 
 
 2.72 
 
 3.08 
 
 2.80 
 
 3.20 
 
 2.88 
 
 3.32 
 
 2.96 
 
 3.44 
 
 3.04 
 
 3.56 
 
278 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES OF PAPERMAKERS 
 
 BEATER ENGINEERS 
 
 Class 
 
 Eate per Hiur 
 
 Hours per Day 
 
 Rate per 'Day | 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 19i4-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 1914-16 
 
 1916-18 
 
 1 
 
 c. 
 
 38 
 39 
 
 40 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 43.5 
 
 c. 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 
 52 
 53K 
 55 
 47.9 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 S 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 $3.04 
 
 a. 12 
 
 3.20 
 3.28 
 3.36 
 3.44 
 3.52 
 3.60 
 3.68 
 3.76 
 3.84 
 3.92 
 
 $3.36 
 3.44 
 3. 52 
 3.60 
 3.68 
 3.76 
 3.84 
 3.92 
 4.04 
 4.16 
 4.28 
 4.40 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 Average all classes . 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE CITIES 
 AND TOWNS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Beginning in 1910, the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics has gathered 
 annually statistics regarding the time rates of wages and hours of labor 
 prevailing in the organized industries and trades of that State. The 
 last published report is that of 1916, but through the courtesy of the 
 Bureau the compilers of this report were permitted to use the unpublished 
 data obtained for June 30, 1917. This makes it possible to trace tlie 
 course of wages in many trades from 1911 down to as late a date as 
 July 1,1917.' 
 
 A particular interest attaches to these compilations of union wage 
 data for Massachusetts in that they cover a number of small towns as 
 well as Boston and a few large cities. It thus supplements, as illus- 
 trating the course of wages in a representative group of small towns, 
 the compilations of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, which 
 are limited to the larger cities of the country. 
 
 The Massachusetts reports give for each year only the data for that 
 year. In the tables presented below the effort has been made to bring 
 together the data for the several years in a form easily comparable. 
 This has necessitated omitting a large number of occupations and cities 
 because of the fact that comparable information was not reported for a 
 series of years. Also, some occupations, which seemed of lesser inter- 
 est, have been omitted, for reasons of time and space. 
 
 The form of presentation used is the same as that followed in the 
 original reports, except that all rates are here shown both by the hour 
 and week, whereas the original reports, in many cases, give only the 
 rate reported by the union as being the one in use. The conversion of, 
 say, weekly rates into hourly rates can not always be made with absolute 
 accuracy, but such conversions have here been made in order that com- 
 parisons may readily be drawn between different groups of data. Any 
 resulting errors would be negligible in the great majority of cases. 
 
 The statistics gathered by the Massachusetts Bureau are exclusively 
 for time-workers. Certain important industries in that State, notably 
 textiles and boots and shoes, use, almost exclusively, the piece-rate 
 system of payment, and the piece rates quoted are so numerous and the 
 units of payments so diverse, that the Bureau does not consider it ad- 
 visable to include them. Nevertheless, a very large proportion of the 
 union members of the State are included in the returns. The report 
 for 1916 makes the following statement on this point: 
 
 "Of the 1,427 local unions known to be in existence in Massachusetts 
 on October 1, 1916, 943, or 66.1 per cent, are represented in these re- 
 turns. The aggregate membership of these 943 local unions was 152,- 
 988, or 58.2 per cent of the aggregate membership (262,682) of the 
 
 1 Reports of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics on union scale of wages and hours of labor, 1910- 
 1916. The 1917 data were furnished by the Bureau, subject to later verification, so that any errors in the 
 figures here given are not to be attributed to the Bureau. 
 
 279 
 
280 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 1,427 local unions in the State on that date. Of certain local unions 
 represented a portion only of the membership was reported as working 
 on a time-rate basis, yet the total number of members not so working 
 was relatively so small that it seems fair to conclude that at least 50 
 per cent of the aggregate number of trade-union members in the State 
 were working on a standard time-rate basis." 
 
 In the following table, the data referred to are given, where com- 
 parable, for the years 1911 to 1917, but in many cases data for 1912 
 were the earliest that could be used. In no case is any occupation or 
 city included where the information was not available for 1917. The 
 statistics for 1910, the first report of the Bureau on the subject of union 
 wages, were comparable in such few instances with those for later years 
 that they have been omitted entirely. 
 
 The table shows the rates of wages and hours of labor, the increase 
 over the regular rate for overtime, Sunday, and holiday work, and the 
 number of months in the year in which there was a Saturday half holi- 
 day. All entries are representative of October 1, except in 1914 and 
 1917, when the rates returned are those in force on July 1. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 281 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUfS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 BRICKLAYERS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 Fltchburg. 
 
 Framingham. 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 Great Barrington. 
 
 Haverhill. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 Rate" of wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 h".i- 
 (cents.) 
 
 60 
 60 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 70 
 >70 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 65' 
 
 70 
 
 55 
 55 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 65 
 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 65 
 65 
 
 60 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 70 
 
 SO 
 50 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 56.3 
 62.5 
 
 60 
 60 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 70 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 $26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 30.80 
 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 31.20 
 31.20 
 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.00 
 27.50 
 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 'IK 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 »1K 
 
 nK 
 »1K 
 nK 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 iRcDalrinz boilers on Saturday afternoon, double time. 
 sRe^iring old boilers, double time; other work, time and one haU. 
 •Scale became 75c Aug. 1. 
 
282 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES. 1911-1917. 
 
 BRICKLAYERS— Continued. 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Holyoke 
 
 1911 
 
 60 
 
 $26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 1.3 
 
 1.3 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 '"12" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 ' 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 1911 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 1911 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 1911 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 New Bedford. 
 
 19U 
 1912 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "eo" 
 
 ■26!46' 
 
 ■"Ik' 
 
 "i" 
 
 '"s" 
 
 '"4" 
 
 "44" 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Newton. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 60 
 65 
 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 •■•j--- 
 
 ■"2" 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 North Adams. 
 
 1912 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 g 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62. S 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 68.3 
 
 30.03 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12:' 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 283 
 
 UNION WAGE JIATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHU^TTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES. 1911-1917. 
 
 BRICKLAYERS— Concluded. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Pittsfield. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 Salem. 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 Westfield. 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 62.5 
 65 
 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 70 
 
 65 
 65 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 65 
 65 
 
 60 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 70 
 
 55 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 65 
 
 55 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 65 
 
 60 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 65 
 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 27.50 
 28.60 
 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 31.20 
 31.20 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 28.60 
 30.80 
 
 2S.40 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 28.80 
 28.60 
 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 VA 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 28.80 
 
 I'A 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 28.60 
 
 \'A 
 
 28.60 
 
 \% 
 
 28.60 
 
 VA 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 5 
 5 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 5 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
284 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNI«N WA®E RATES ANO HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOtffl 
 
 TRADES, 1^11-1917. 
 
 BUILDING LABORERS AND HOD CARRIERS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1911 
 
 35 
 
 $15.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 38 
 
 16.72 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40 
 
 17.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40 
 
 17.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 191S 
 
 40 
 
 17.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 42.5 
 
 18.70 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Cambridge. 
 
 1912 
 
 35 
 
 15.40 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 35 
 
 15.40 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35 
 
 15.40 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 35 
 
 42.5 
 
 40 
 
 15.40 
 18.70 
 17.60 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 '"i" 
 
 Newton. 
 
 1912 
 
 35 
 
 15.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 35 
 
 15.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40 
 
 17.60 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40 
 
 17.60 
 
 ■IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 17.60 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 18.00 
 
 21K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 1913 
 
 38 
 
 16.72 
 
 
 ■■■-■■ 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 44 
 
 19.36 
 
 '"in 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 44 
 
 19.36 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 44 
 
 19.36 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Springfield 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40.6 
 
 17.88 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ After 10 p. m., double time. 
 ! After 9 p. m., double time. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 285 
 
 tf^f^<^N waob ratbs and hours op labor in Massachusetts in various 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 CARPENTERS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 S22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1013 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 57 
 
 25.08 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 '8 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 26.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1911 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 'IK 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 »1K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 'i'A 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 •4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 1912 
 
 42 
 
 20.16 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 42 
 
 20.16 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 44 
 
 21.12 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4' ■ 
 
 
 1915 
 
 44 
 
 19.36 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 4X 
 
 21.12 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Fitchburg. 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 19,68 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 43.8 
 
 21,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 43.8 
 
 21,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47 
 
 22,50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 1911 
 
 45 
 
 21.60 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1912 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.01 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 22,00 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 22,00 
 
 2 
 
 <2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22,00 
 
 2 
 
 '2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 >2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 <2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Great Harrington. 
 
 1912 
 
 42 
 
 20.16 
 
 i;< 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 1 K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 ,,,..,, 
 
 
 1916 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22,00 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 ^ Double time from 10 p. m. to 7 a. m. In some cases double time for all overtime- 
 2 Double time, holidays; triple time on Sundays. 
 ' After 10 p. m. and on Saturday afternoon. 
 
 * Sunday and Labor Day. triple time. 
 5 4 months no work an Saturday. 
 
 * Only emergency work on Saturday p. m. and then double time. 
 
286 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 CARPENTERS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of waees. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 and - 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Haverhill. 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 $19.68 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 19.68 
 
 i'A 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 47.8 
 
 21 01 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "ii" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 48 
 
 21.12 
 
 =1K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 57 
 
 25.08 
 
 »2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 19U 
 
 47.5 
 
 20.90 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 1912 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 1911 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.5 
 
 20.90 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 47.5 
 
 20.90 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 47.5 
 
 20.90 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.5 
 
 23.10 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 New Bedford. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 19.68 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 42 
 
 20.16 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 19.68 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 .45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Newton. 
 
 1911 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 North Adams. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 42 
 43.8 
 
 20.16 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 "'Ik' 
 
 ...^... 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 43. S 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 ' After 9 p. m., double time 
 
 ' After 10 p. m. and Saturday afternoons, double time. 
 
 3 No overtime Saturday p. m., except in emergency. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 287 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 CARPENTERS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mon-th 
 with 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 Satur- 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 
 full 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 
 
 
 
 time. 
 
 
 days. 
 
 
 
 
 days. 
 
 Pittsfidd. 
 
 1912 
 
 44.3 
 
 S19.50 
 
 IM 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 44.3 
 
 19.50 
 
 IM 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 44.3 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 44.3 
 
 19.50 
 
 IM 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 1911 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.01 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26,40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Somerville. 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 57 
 
 25.08 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 28 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 26.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 iy> 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 "'ik' 
 
 .. .^. .. 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 ...^. .. 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 46 
 
 20.24 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Westfield. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 19.68 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 19.68 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45 - 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 H months no work on Saturday. 
 
288 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS- 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 DECORATORS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour, 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 Framingham. 
 Great Barrington. 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1913 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 42.5 
 
 45 
 
 42 
 
 44.5 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 41 
 40 
 45.5 
 50 
 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 50 
 
 41 
 
 45.5 
 
 45.5 
 
 45.5 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 $18.70 
 19.80 
 18.48 
 19.58 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 18.04 
 17.60 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 22.00 
 
 18.04 
 20.02 
 20.02 
 20.02 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 IH 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 nK 
 nn 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 . 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 R 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 8 
 8 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 ""n" 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 2 After 10 p. m., double time. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 289 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 DECORATORS— Continued. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 
 weelc. 
 
 full 
 
 time 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 fioli- 
 days. 
 
 Hours 
 
 Full 
 time 
 
 Satur- 
 days 
 
 Full 
 week 
 
 No. of ) 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 hoU- 
 day. 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 New Bedford. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Pittsfield. 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 41 
 41 
 45.5 
 
 43.8 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 $18.00 
 18.04 
 18.04 
 20.02 
 
 19.25 
 16.50 
 18.00 
 
 41 
 
 45.5 
 
 37.5 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 20.02 
 
 18.00 
 18.04 
 
 SO 
 50 
 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 
 44.5 
 
 44.5 
 
 SO 
 
 SO 
 
 55 
 
 41 
 
 45.5 
 
 45.5 
 
 45.5 
 
 50 
 
 37. 
 38. 
 41. 
 41. 
 45 
 45 
 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.58 
 19.58 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 
 18.04 
 20.02 
 20.02 
 20.02 
 22.00 
 
 18.00 
 16.94 
 18.15 
 18.15 
 19.80 
 19.80 
 
 1% 
 >1K 
 
 IK 
 
 45c 
 
 IK 
 
 82 
 
 2 
 •2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 2 
 
 IK 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 After midnight, double time. 
 
 2 No work on Saturday between noon and 5 p. m. ... 
 ' After midnight, double time; work on Saturday p. m. prohibited. 
 * No work on L^bor Day. 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 48 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
290 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 INSIDE (ELECTRICAL) WIREMEN. 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 months 
 with 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 Satur- 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 
 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 $18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 '2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 ■"12" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Haverhill. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 ♦ 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 18,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40.9 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19,80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 44,5 
 
 18.00 
 19,58 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 "12' ' 
 
 ""iH 
 
 . , ,^,.. 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 19,25 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 44.5 
 
 19,58 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lynn. , 
 
 1911 
 
 43.7 
 
 19.21 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 19.47 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4K 
 
 44K 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43.8 
 
 19,47 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4K 
 
 44K 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22,00 
 
 =1K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 55 
 
 24,20 
 
 HK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 • 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24,20 
 
 =1K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Springfield .- 
 
 1911 
 
 43 
 
 18.92 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 43 
 
 18,92 
 
 *VA 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 SO 
 
 22,00 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 SO 
 
 22,00 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 53.5 
 
 23,54 
 
 «1K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 57 
 
 25,08 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Wbrcester. 
 
 1912 
 
 42.5 
 
 20.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45 
 
 19,80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45 
 
 19,80 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 47.5 
 
 20,90 
 
 «1K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22,00 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 Regular rate paid for work on, Saturday p. m. until 5 p. m. 
 
 2 On Saturday afternoons, time and half. 
 
 ^ After 6 p. m. and on Saturday, p. m., double time. 
 * Double time after 9 p. m. 
 
 s Double time after 9 p. m. and on Saturday afternoon. 
 8 Double time after 7 p. m. and on Saturday afternoon. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 291 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 19U-1917. 
 
 LATHERS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 day 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 week 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 
 55 
 
 $24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 26.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 26.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 72.5 
 
 29.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 
 50 
 55 
 55 
 
 22.00 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 ....... 
 
 ....... 
 
 
 1915 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 55 
 65 
 
 24.20 
 28.60 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 ■■■-■■ 
 
 •■•j-- 
 
 Lawrence, 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 47 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 ■20.63 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 6 
 12 
 
 "2" 
 
 '" 2" 
 
 
 1915 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 50 
 43.8 
 
 24.00 
 19.25 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 " 12" 
 
 '"'ih' 
 
 • ■ -j-- ■ 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 1'^ 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 13 
 
 
 1915 
 
 SO 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 1911 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56.5 
 
 24.86 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 
 R 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 66.3 
 
 29.15 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 72.5 
 
 31.90 
 
 =1K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 ^ 40 hours per week. 2 Double time on Saturday p. m. 
 
292 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PAINTERS, HOUSE 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 months 
 with 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 Satur- 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 
 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 $18.04 
 
 i'A 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 47 
 
 20.68 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 . 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 57.5 
 
 23,00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 191S 
 
 . 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 nn 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Framingham. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40 
 
 17.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 64c 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 '"12" 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18. 04- 
 
 'IK 
 
 n 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 191S 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 =1K 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 siK 
 
 <2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Great Barrington. 
 
 1912 
 
 40.6 
 
 19,50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45.5 
 
 20,02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 No work Labor Day or on Saturday between noon and -5 p. m. 
 ! Saturday p. m., time and one-half; other overtime, double time. 
 ' No work on Saturday between noon and 5 p. m. 
 * No work on Labor Day. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 293 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PAINTERS HOUSE— Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 1911 
 
 38.3 
 
 $16.83 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 38.3 
 
 16.83 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 •2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 191.'i 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 1912 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 ' 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 191S 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 • 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "ll" 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 21 K 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 nyi 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 ny. 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 ny. 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 New Bedford. 
 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 35 
 
 16.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 45c 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Newton. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 North Adams. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 37 5 
 
 18 00 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 37^5 
 
 16.50 
 
 "iy 
 
 "2" 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 ■"i2" 
 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 ly 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37. S 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43,8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Pittsfield. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 40.6 
 44.5 
 
 19.50 
 19.. 58 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 "'12' ' 
 
 ....... 
 
 ...^... 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 "ly 
 
 ■■■2"' 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 ' No work on Saturday between noon and 5 p. m. 
 2 After midnight, double time. 
 
 No work on Labor Day. 
 
294 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PAINTERS, HOUSE— Concluded. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 week 
 
 For . 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 $18.04 
 
 1J4 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18,04 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45.6 
 
 20.02 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 2 
 
 n 
 
 8. 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Salem. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 * 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Somerville. 
 
 1912 
 
 41 . 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 ■ 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 41 
 
 45.5 
 
 50 
 
 18.04 
 20.02 
 22.00 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 "2" 
 
 ■"2 " 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 nH 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 1911 
 
 35 
 
 16.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 35 
 
 16.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 38.5 
 
 16.94 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 ""\i" 
 
 
 1914 
 
 38.2 
 
 16.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 38.2 
 
 16.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Westfield. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 ' n 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.00 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 1912 
 
 43.6 
 
 19.20 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 '2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 =2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 >2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 iK 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 No work on Saturday afternoon. 
 
 2 After midnight, double time. 
 
 * No work on Labor Day. 
 
 * After 9 p. m., double time. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 295 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PAPER HANGERS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1911 
 
 50 
 
 $22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56 
 
 24.64 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 '2 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 64 
 
 30.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 I'A 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 191.1 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 n'A 
 
 '2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 n'A 
 
 S2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 ny. 
 
 n 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Great Harrington. 
 
 1912 
 
 ■ 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK' 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "u" 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43.5 
 
 19.14 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.5 
 
 19.14 
 
 n'A 
 
 32 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 43.5 
 
 19.14 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 48 
 
 21.12 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.3 
 
 23.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 No work on Labor Day or on Saturday between noon and 5 p. m. Other overtime double time. 
 ' No work on Saturday between noon and 5 p. m. Other overtime, time and one-half. 
 3 No work on Labor Day. 
 
296 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PAPER HANGERS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 weelc, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Nortii Adams. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 $16.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45.5 
 
 20.02 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 ■ 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 ■IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 34.4 
 38.5 
 
 16.50 
 16.94 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 ""12" 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41.3 
 
 18.15 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 41.3 
 
 18.15 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 PLASTERERS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 
 65 
 
 $28.60 
 
 
 1.20 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 70 
 
 28.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 70 
 
 28.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 28.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 ■ 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 1911 
 
 55 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 55 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 g 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 ' i2 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Fitchburg. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 55 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 28.80 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 "'ik' 
 
 ■•■j" ■ 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4" 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 31.20 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 31.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 Framingham. 
 
 1912 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 28.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1911 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "ii 
 
 
 1912 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 1.3 
 
 1.3 
 
 g 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 I^wrence. 
 
 1917 
 1912 
 
 70 
 60 
 
 30.80 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 67.5 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 67.5 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 ' After midnight, double time. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 297 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PLASTERERS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 1911 
 
 60 
 
 $26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 ^% 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 New Bedford. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 191? 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Newton. 
 
 1911 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 70 
 
 28.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 75 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 North Adams. 
 
 1912 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 68.3 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 ""ii" 
 
 Pittsfield. 
 
 1912 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Salem. 
 
 1911 
 
 65 
 
 31.20 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 
 1912 
 
 65 
 
 31.20 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 "l" 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 1? - 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Somerville. 
 
 1911 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 70 
 
 28.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 70 
 
 28.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 28.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
298 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 PLASTERERS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 $26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 1012 
 
 55 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 ■ 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 PLUMBERS 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 $26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 "2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 68.8 
 
 30.25 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 68.8 
 
 30.25 
 
 !2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1912 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 57.5 
 
 25.30 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 58.8 
 
 25,85 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Fall River 
 
 1911 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21,00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 " ii" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Fitchburg. 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 i2 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 1911 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1912 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Haverhill. 
 
 1911 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 21.04 
 
 ■■-■■■ 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 
 ■"i"" 
 
 
 1915 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.5 
 
 23.10 
 
 ■IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1912 
 
 44 
 
 19.36 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 51.1 
 
 22.50 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 51.1 
 
 22.50 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 51.1 
 
 22.50 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 But regular rate is paid on Saturday p. m. until 5. 
 
 2 Except on Saturday afternoon, when regular rate is paid for emergency Work. 
 ' Double time after 6 p. m. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 299 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PLUMBERS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 nonths 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 $21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8?i 
 
 4% 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1913 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 1911 
 
 46.9 
 
 20.63 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 47 
 
 20.68 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 68.8 
 
 30.25 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 New Bedford. 
 
 1912 
 
 45.5 
 
 21.84 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 52.5 
 
 23.10 
 
 n% 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 n% 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Newton. 
 
 1911 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65.6 
 
 28.88 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 1911 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 "2"' 
 
 ■■'i'" 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 1911 
 
 51 
 
 22.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 54.5 
 
 23.98 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 54. S 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 54.5 
 
 23.98 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 54.5 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 59.1 
 
 26.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 61.4 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Worcester 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 50 
 56.3 
 
 24.00 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 56.5 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 » Time and half until 9 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 2 Except on Saturday p. m., when regular rate is paid for emergency work. 
 
 ' Until 9 p. m.; double time thereafter. On Saturday p. m. regular rate for emergency work. 
 
300 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 SHEET METAL WORKERS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 52.5 
 55 
 
 $23.10 
 24.20 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 "i" 
 
 "i" 
 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 55 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 24.20 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 •j--- 
 
 "i" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1911 
 
 44 
 
 19.36 
 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 44 
 
 19.36 
 
 "i " 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 44 
 
 19.36 
 
 l>i 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.7 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 "'iy.' 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 1911 
 
 46.9 
 
 22.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 8 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 24,00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 1911 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.01 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 " 12 " 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 Regular rate until 9 p. m.; double time thereafter. 
 
 2 Double time after 9 p. m, 
 
 » Regular rate until 9 p. m.; time and one-half to 12; double time thereafter. 
 
 * On contract work, 5 p. m. to 9 p. m., time and one-half; thereafter, double time. Double time on day 
 work. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 301 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 STEAMFITTERS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of 
 
 wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun-. 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 
 SO 
 
 $22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8. 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1912 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.3 
 
 24.75 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 1911 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1912 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Haverhill. 
 
 1911 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.04 
 
 "i" 
 
 ...^... 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 52.5 
 
 23.10 
 
 nH 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8K 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41 
 
 18.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 68.8 
 
 30.25 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 1911 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1912 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 "2" 
 
 ...^... 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 ' Double time after 6 p. m. 
 
302. 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 STEAMFITTERS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Yeai. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 liour 
 
 weeic, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 ■ 1911 
 
 47.8 
 
 $21.01 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 '1914 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 '2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 54.5 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 56.8 
 
 25.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 1912 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 54.5 
 
 24.00 
 
 '" 2" 
 
 ""2" 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 " Vl" 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 '915 
 
 47.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 51 
 
 22.50 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 54.5 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 Except on Saturday afternoon, when regular rate is paid. 
 
 2 On Saturday afternoon until 5 p. m., regular rate. 
 
 3 Except on Saturday afternoon, when regular rate is paid for emergency work. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 303 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 STONEMASONS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 $26.40 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 "2"' 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 170 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 1912 
 
 55 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 ■ 
 
 .. . .^. 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Ftamingham. 
 
 1912 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Great Barrington. 
 
 1912 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "12" 
 
 Haverhill. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 1914 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12- 
 
 
 1915 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 nH 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 nyi 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1912 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 SO 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 SS 
 
 24.20 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "n" 
 
 
 1916 
 
 55 
 
 24.20 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 ' Scale became 7Sc. Aug. 1. 1917. 
 
 * Repairing old boilers, double time. 
 
 • Double time after first hour. 
 
304 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 STONEMASONS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 full 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 ■week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 1911 
 
 55 
 
 $26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 55 
 
 26.40 
 
 \% 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 55 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "ii" 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Marlborougii. 
 
 1911 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1912 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 SO 
 
 22,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Newton. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 60 
 65 
 
 26.40 
 28.60 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 44 
 44 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 "i" 
 
 "2 " ■ 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Nortli Adams. 
 
 1912 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 56.3 
 
 27.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 30.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 68.3 
 
 30.03 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "ii" 
 
 Pittsfield. 
 
 1912 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914. 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 62.5 
 
 27.50 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Salem. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 50 
 60 
 
 24.00 
 26.40 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 \1 
 
 ■ "2" ' 
 
 "2 '" 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 1912 
 
 60 
 
 26,40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 70 
 
 30.80 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 1912 
 
 55 
 
 26.40 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 60 
 
 28.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 60 
 
 28,80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 65 
 
 28.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "i2" 
 
 ' Double time Saturday afternoon. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 305 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 BUFFERS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston. 
 Taunton. 
 
 Westfield. 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 39 
 39 
 39 
 39 
 46.9 
 
 30.6 
 29.4 
 31.7 
 31.7 
 36.1 
 ■40 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 40 
 
 $19.50 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 22.50 
 
 16.50 
 15.90 
 17.10 
 17.10 
 19.50 
 ■21.60 
 
 20.25 
 20.25 
 21.60 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 ■ -J ■ ■ 
 
 2 
 
 ■ j- ■ • 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 8J^ 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 *H 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 48 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 i" 
 
 
 
 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 ....... 
 
 2 
 
 IH 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 40 
 46 
 '46 
 
 21.60 
 24.84 
 24.84 
 
 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 '9 
 '9 
 
 54 
 >54 
 '54 
 
 ■ ■■-■■ 
 'i 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 Prevailing wage, no agreement establishing a minimum. 
 
 2 Scale incresised 5%, October 1. 
 
 3 During 3 months work 5 hours on Saturday, 50 hours a week. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 COPPERSMITHS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 ^^7. 
 
 
 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45 
 
 21.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 SVs 
 
 iH 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 47.1 
 
 22.60 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 s% 
 
 i% 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 50 
 
 24.00 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 s% 
 
 4M 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 
 1916 
 
 55 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 s% 
 
 iH 
 
 48 
 
 7 
 
 
 1917 
 
 ■55 
 
 26.40 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2S^ 
 
 'm 
 
 48 
 
 27 
 
 ' Scale became 62K cents, August 1. . . ■_ 
 
 ' In one establishment, work 8% hours on 5 days, 4% hours on Saturday durmg entire year; m other 
 establishments, during 7 months. 
 
306 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES. AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 COREMAKERS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 
 full 
 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston. 
 Holyoke. 
 Lawrence. 
 Springfield. 
 
 Westfield. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 38.9 
 38.9 
 38.9 
 
 44.4 
 50 
 
 35 
 36.1 
 36.1 
 40 
 
 H4.4 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 41.7 
 47.3 
 
 34.4 
 34.4 
 36.1 
 36.1 
 40 
 ■44.4 
 
 31 
 
 32.5 
 
 32.5 
 
 36 
 
 47.2 
 
 $21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 24.00 
 27.00 
 
 18.90 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 22.50 
 25.57 
 
 18.60 
 18.60 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 21.60 
 24.00 
 
 18.60 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 21.60 
 25.50 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IM 
 IM 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 9K 
 9K 
 9K 
 9K 
 9K 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 6K 
 6K 
 6K 
 6K 
 6K 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 9 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 ■■■-■■ 
 
 =3 
 33 
 
 1 Scale became S4.2S per day (47.2 cents per hour) August 1. 
 
 2 On holidays, time and one-half; on Sundays, double time. 
 
 3 Every other Saturday off. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 307 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 19U-1917. 
 
 MOLDERS (IRON). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi 
 day. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 36.1 
 38.9 
 
 S19.50 
 21.00 
 
 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 54 
 
 3" 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 
 1914 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 27.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 1911 
 
 25 
 
 15.00 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 27.5 
 
 16.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 1 '^ 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Fitchburg. 
 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 1 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1913 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 21.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 44.4 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 1912 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 35.7 
 
 19.25 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 21.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 244. 4 
 
 24.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Westfield. 
 
 1913 
 
 32.5 
 
 19.50 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 32.5 
 
 19.50 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 =3 
 
 
 1915 
 
 32.5 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 '3 
 
 
 1916 
 
 36 
 
 21.60 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 '3 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.2 
 
 25.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 1911 
 1913 
 
 33.3 
 36.1 
 
 18.00 
 19.50 
 
 
 
 9' 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 54 
 54 
 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 
 1914 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 36.1 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 41.7 
 
 22.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 47.2 
 
 25.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1 On holidays, time and one-half; on Sundays, double time. 
 
 2 Scale became $4.25 per day (47.2 cents per hour) July 31. 
 
 3 Three months alternate Saturdays off. 
 
308 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 COMPOSITORS— BOOK AND JOB— DAY WORK. 
 
 City. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 Fitchburg. 
 
 Framingham. 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 North Adams. 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 191.^ 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1913 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 41.7 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 45.8 
 45.8 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 39.6 
 39.6 
 
 33.3 
 33.3 
 35.4 
 35 . 4 
 37.5 
 39.6 
 
 32.3 
 31.8 
 32.3 
 37.1 
 40.3 
 
 33.3 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 39.6 
 
 35.4 
 35.4 
 43.2 
 39.6 
 39.6 
 39.6 
 41.7 
 
 31.3 
 29.2 
 ■ 29.2 
 33.3 
 35.4 
 35.4 
 
 31 
 41, 
 41, 
 41 
 41 
 
 34 
 34, 
 34, 
 34, 
 34, 
 34.4 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 $20.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 22.00 
 22.00 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.50 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 17.00 
 17.00 
 18.00 
 19.00 
 
 15.50 
 15.00 
 16.50 
 19.00 
 19.35 
 
 16.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 19.00 
 
 17.00 
 17.00 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 19.00 
 20.00 
 
 15.00 
 14.00 
 14.00 
 16.00 
 17.00 
 17.00 
 
 15.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 16.50 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 >1K 
 >1M 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 iK 
 IK 
 'IK 
 ■iK 
 'IK 
 
 iK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 iK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 'IK 
 ■IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 671/6C 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 MK 
 
 »1K 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 Hours 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 8 
 
 8K 
 
 8M 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 8K 
 
 8K 
 8K 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 88 
 8K 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 8K 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 m 
 
 9 
 
 8K 
 
 8J< 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 8 
 5K 
 
 4K 
 4M 
 
 8 
 
 'i 
 5K 
 8 
 
 7K 
 7K 
 7K 
 4K 
 
 3 
 8 
 
 3S 
 38 
 38 
 38 
 
 4K 
 
 4K 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4K 
 
 4K 
 
 8 
 
 4K 
 
 3 
 
 4K 
 
 4K 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 , 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 47K 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 44 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 ' After midnight, double time. 
 
 2 One day, eight hours. 
 
 ' Double time in certain cases. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 309 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 COMPOSITORS— NEWSPAPERS— DAY 
 
 WORK 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 63 
 63 
 
 $26.46 
 26.46 
 
 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 42 
 
 
 82c 
 
 82 
 
 
 1914 
 
 63 
 
 26.46 
 
 82c 
 
 82 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 63 
 
 26.46 
 
 82c 
 
 '82 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 63 
 
 26.46 
 
 82c 
 
 >82 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 68 
 
 28.56 
 
 87c 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 i'A 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 41.7 
 
 20.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 COMPOSITORS— NEWSPAPERS— NIGHT WORK. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston. 
 Lowell. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 67 
 67 
 67 
 67 
 67 
 72 
 
 43.8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 SO 
 
 50 
 
 $28.14 
 28.14 
 28.14 
 28.14 
 28.14 
 30.24 
 
 21.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 24.00 
 24.00 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 . 8 
 8 
 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 42 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 87c 
 87c 
 87c 
 87c 
 92c 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 87 
 187 
 '87 
 >87 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 Double time on Sunday when preceded or followed by a night's work. 
 
310 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PRINTING PRESSMEN— CYLINDER. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 (Commercial work 
 and one color.) 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 45.8 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 40.6 
 41.7 
 41.7 
 42.7 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 40,6 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 43.8 
 43.8 
 
 $22.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 23.00 
 
 19.50 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.50 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 19.50 
 19. .50 
 19.50 
 19.50 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 
 nyi 
 nn 
 ny, 
 
 ny 
 ny 
 ny 
 ny 
 ny 
 
 ny 
 
 IK 
 
 ly 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 ny 
 ny 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 ■ 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8K 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 4K 
 8 
 8 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 4 
 12 
 '3 
 '3 
 "3 
 '3 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 8^ 
 8J< 
 8X 
 8K 
 
 f-H 
 
 8K 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 4K 
 4K 
 4K 
 4K 
 4K 
 4K 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PRINTING PRESSMEN— WEB. 
 
 1 After 10 p. m., double time. 
 
 2 After midnight, double time. 
 
 3 In some cases, during the entire year. 
 
 ' Except on Saturday night, until 12;30, and on Sunday runs, when hourly rate is 70 cents. 
 ' On night work, fi-6-36 hours. 
 ' $24.00 for night work. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days, 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1912 
 
 59.3 
 
 $24.90 
 
 87c 
 
 SI. 15? 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 59.3 
 
 24.90 
 
 70c 
 
 1.15J 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 59.3 
 
 24.90 
 
 *1K 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 59.3 
 
 24.90 
 
 'IK 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 - 
 
 
 ' 1916 
 
 63.4 
 
 26.64 
 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 63.4 
 
 26.64 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 '7 
 
 '7 
 
 '42 
 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 1912 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8K 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8K 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8M 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 43.8 
 
 21,00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8J< 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 43.8 
 
 21.00 
 
 ny 
 
 2 
 
 8K 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 43.8 
 
 •21.00 
 
 ny 
 
 2 
 
 8K 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 311 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 PRINTING PRESSMEN— JOB. 
 
 ' After midnight, double time. 
 
 * After 10 p. m., double time. 
 
 3 In some cases, during entire year. 
 
 * In offices when Saturday half holiday is granted, time is made up during the first 5 days. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Boston, 
 
 1912 
 
 35.4 
 
 17,00 
 
 ^'A 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 1913 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8K 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 HK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 n 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 ■IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 '3 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 37.5 
 
 34.4 
 
 18.00 
 18.00 
 
 16.50 
 
 'IK 
 ■IK 
 
 n'A 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 1913 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 nK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 35,4 
 36.2 
 37.5 
 
 17.00 
 17.50 
 18.00 
 
 ^IK 
 n'A 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 ' 8 " 
 
 ■■■-■■ 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 1917 
 1912 
 
 37.5 
 34.4 
 
 18.00 
 16.50 
 
 n'A 
 IK 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 1913 
 
 33.3 
 
 16.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 37.5 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 1912 
 
 31.3 
 
 15.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8K 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1913 
 
 31.3 
 
 15.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 SH 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1914 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 m 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1915 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8H 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1916 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 ■IK 
 
 2 
 
 SH 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 
 1917 
 
 35.4 
 
 17.00 
 
 ■IK 
 
 2 
 
 m 
 
 4K 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
312 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 19H-1917. 
 
 GRANITE CUTTERS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages 
 
 
 
 Hours 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ with 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 Satur- 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 
 (cents 
 
 ) full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 
 Boston. 
 
 1911 
 
 45 
 
 $19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 45. 
 
 i 20.08 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45. < 
 
 S 20.08 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 45. ( 
 
 ) 20.08 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 1912 
 
 40. ( 
 
 ) 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43 
 
 19.35 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 "12" 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43 
 
 19.35 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 43 
 
 19.35 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Fitchburg. 
 
 1912 
 
 37.; 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40. C 
 
 17.88 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 "'12" 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40. C 
 
 18.28 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40. « 
 
 18.28 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Gloucestei'. 
 
 1911 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 40.6 
 
 19.50 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40.6 
 
 17.88 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 ■"12" 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40.6 
 
 18.28 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Lawrence. 
 
 1911 
 
 42 
 
 18,48 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 18.04 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 42 
 
 18.48 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 42 
 
 18.48 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 42 
 
 18.48 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 1911 
 
 41 
 
 19.68 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 41 
 
 19.68 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 48 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 41 
 
 18.45 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 43 
 
 19.35 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 44 
 
 19.80 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 50 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 1912 
 
 40 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 43 
 
 18.92 
 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 45 
 
 19.80 
 
 "'iK' 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 46 
 
 20.24 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 New Bedford. 
 
 1913 
 
 42 
 
 18.48 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 42 
 
 18.48 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 42 
 
 18.48 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 40.6 
 40.6 
 
 18.28 
 18.28 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "s"" 
 
 "s"' 
 
 '"45" 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 40.6 
 
 18.28 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 40.6 
 
 18.28 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 40.6 
 
 18.28 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 1912 
 
 42 
 
 18.90 
 
 ■IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 42 
 
 18.90 
 
 iK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 42 
 
 18.90 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 42 
 
 18.90 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1916 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1917 
 
 SO 
 
 22.00 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 1 After darkness sets in. 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 313 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 BAKERS— FOREMAN. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 1 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week. 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1912 
 
 31.7 
 
 $19.00 
 
 I'A 
 
 IK 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 35.2 
 
 19.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 37 
 37 
 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 
 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 54 
 54 
 
 
 IK 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.6 
 
 23.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Salem. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 35c 
 
 35c 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 3Sc 
 
 3Sc 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 35c 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 4 
 
 
 1915 
 
 33,3 
 
 18.00 
 
 35c 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37 
 
 20.00 
 
 35c 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 40c 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 20.00 
 
 35c 
 
 35c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 (Union A) 
 
 1913 
 
 35 
 
 20.00 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 9K 
 
 9K 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 37 
 
 20.00 
 
 1 
 
 '2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37 
 
 20.00 
 
 45c 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 38.9 
 
 21.00 
 
 45c 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 42.6 
 
 23.00 
 
 55c 
 
 5Sc 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 1911 
 
 33.3 
 
 20.00 
 
 60c 
 
 60c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 33.3 
 
 20.00 
 
 60c 
 
 !60c 
 
 '10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 33.3 
 
 20.00 
 
 40c 
 
 s 
 
 '10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 33.3 
 
 20.00 
 
 60c 
 
 !60c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 33.3 
 
 20.00 
 
 60c 
 
 260c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 33.3 
 
 20.00 
 
 60c 
 
 SfiOc 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 40.8 
 
 22.00 
 
 60c 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 * Day work. 
 
 2 No holiday work. 
 
 * No work. 
 
 * In some cases, Saturday half holidays for 3 months. 
 
 6 Double time on seventh day if working Sunday as a regular day. 
 
 * Double time on Sunday or on seventh day if working Sunday as a regular day; on holidays, same rate 
 as for evenings. 
 
 ' Double time on Sundays or on seventh day if working Sunday as a regular day; on holidays, time 
 and one-half. 
 
 * Hourly rate for working on Sundays. No work on holidays. 
 
314 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 BAKERS— SECOND HAND. 
 
 ' Day work. 
 
 = No holiday work. 
 
 ' No work. 
 
 * In some cases, Saturday half holiday for 3 months. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Brockton. 
 Holyoke. 
 Salem. 
 Taunton. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 29.6 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 40.8 
 
 29.6 
 29.6 
 31.5 
 31.5 
 33.3 
 37 
 
 29.6 
 31.5 
 31.5 
 31.5 
 33.3 
 37 
 
 26.7 
 26.7 
 26.7 
 26.7 
 26.7 
 26.7 
 31.5 
 
 $16.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 20.00 
 22.00 
 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 17.00 
 17.00 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 
 16,00 
 17.00 
 17.00 
 17.00 
 18.00 
 20.00 
 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16.00 
 16,00 
 17,00 
 
 40c 
 50c 
 SOc 
 SOc 
 50c 
 50c 
 
 40c 
 
 ""I" 
 SOc 
 SOc 
 SOc 
 
 40c 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 10 
 9 
 
 I 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 I- 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 '10 
 >10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 10 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 9 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 9 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 54 
 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 54 
 
 4 
 
 i'A 
 IK 
 I'A 
 
 35c 
 3Sc 
 35c 
 35c 
 3Sc 
 40c 
 
 50c 
 50c 
 40c 
 50c 
 SOc 
 50c 
 SOc 
 
 3Sc 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 SOc 
 !SOc 
 
 3 
 
 !50c 
 !50c 
 ^SOc 
 
 3 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 315 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 BAKERS— THIRD HAND. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour. 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Brockton. 
 
 1912 
 
 27.8 
 
 $15.00 
 
 40c 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 37 
 
 20.00 
 
 50c 
 
 50c 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Holyoke. 
 
 1911 
 
 21.7 
 
 13.00 
 
 30c 
 
 30c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23.3 
 
 14.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 26 
 
 14.00 
 
 iK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 27.8 
 
 15.00 
 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 27.8 
 
 15.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 29.6 
 
 16.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 33.3 
 
 18.00 
 
 IK 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Salem. 
 
 1912 
 
 27.8 
 
 15.00 
 
 35c 
 
 3Sc 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 29.6 
 
 16.00 
 
 35c 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 29.6 
 
 16.00 
 
 35c 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 8 
 
 
 1915 
 
 29.6 
 
 16.00 
 
 35c 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 31.5 
 
 17.00 
 
 3Sc 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 35.2 
 
 19.00 
 
 40c 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 1911 
 
 25 
 
 15.00 
 
 40c 
 
 40c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 25 
 
 15.00 
 
 40c 
 
 140c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 25 
 
 15.00 
 
 40c 
 
 
 no 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 15.00 
 
 40c 
 
 140c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 15.00 
 
 40c 
 
 140c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 15.00 
 
 40c 
 
 140c 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 29.6 
 
 16.00 
 
 40c 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 
 1 No holiday work. 
 
 2 Day work. 
 
 3 In some cases, Saturday half holiday for 3 months. 
 * No work on Sundays or holidays. 
 
316 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 FISH HANDLERS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 
 
 Hours. 
 
 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 
 
 
 
 Sun- 
 
 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 For 
 
 days 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 
 
 hour 
 
 week, 
 
 over- 
 
 and 
 
 Full 
 
 Satur- 
 
 Full 
 
 half 
 
 
 
 (cents) 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 days. 
 
 week. 
 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 1913 
 
 30 
 
 $16.20 
 
 1 
 
 VA 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 54 
 
 3 
 
 
 1914 
 
 30 
 
 16.20 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 >9 
 
 >9 
 
 '54 
 
 3 
 
 
 1915 
 
 30 
 
 16.20 
 
 1 
 
 ly. 
 
 «9 
 
 ig 
 
 •54 
 
 4 
 
 
 1916 
 
 30 
 
 16.20 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 
 »9 
 
 >9 
 
 •54 
 
 4 
 
 
 1917 
 
 33 
 
 17.82 
 
 
 
 •9 
 
 ■9 
 
 »54 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 FISH SPLITTERS. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 35 
 35 
 35 
 35 
 38 
 
 $18.90 
 21.00 
 21.00 
 18.90 
 20.52 
 
 ....... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 IK 
 
 9 
 
 no 
 no 
 
 "9 
 
 9 
 
 no 
 
 •10 
 ■9 
 '9 
 
 54 
 260 
 <60 
 '54 
 •54 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 S 
 
 
 
 1 5 hours on Saturday; 50 hours a week during 3 tuontha 
 
 2 5 hours on Saturday; 55 hours a week during 3 monthsi 
 » 5 hours on Saturday; 50 hours a week during 4 months. 
 * 5 hours on Saturday; 55 hours a week during 4 months 
 
UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 317 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 LABORERS— MUNICIPAL. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 
 months 
 
 with 
 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 week, 
 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 (Highway Dept.) 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 '28.1 
 28.1 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 37.5 
 
 $13.50 
 13.50 
 13.75 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 18.00 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 .. . . _, 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 39i 
 2 
 
 1 
 IK 
 
 IK 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 '28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 30 
 30 
 30 
 32.5 
 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 14.40 
 14.40 
 14.40 
 15.60 
 
 
 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 
 5H 
 
 5'A 
 
 sy, 
 
 5K 
 5K 
 5K 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 "12" 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 New Bedford. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 '28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 32.5 
 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 15.60 
 
 
 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 8K 
 
 5K 
 5K 
 
 sy 
 sy 
 sy 
 sy 
 sy 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 "n" 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Somerville. 
 Worcester. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 26.9 
 26.9 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 29.4 
 34.4 
 
 '23.1 
 20 
 25 
 25 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 
 12.90 
 12.90 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 14.10 
 16.50 
 
 11.10 
 9.60 
 12.00 
 12.00 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 
 "i " 
 
 1 
 
 1 - 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 8 
 g 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 . . . .^^. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 Predominant rate. 
 
 * During 4 months, work 4 hours on Saturday and 9 hours on 4 days of the week. 
 
318 
 
 UNION WAGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS IN VARIOUS 
 
 TRADES, 1911-1917. 
 
 TEAMSTERS— MUNICIPAL. 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Rates of wages. 
 
 Hours. 
 
 No. of 
 months 
 with 
 Satur- 
 day 
 half 
 holi- 
 day. 
 
 Per 
 hour 
 (cents) 
 
 Per 
 
 week, 
 full 
 time. 
 
 For 
 over- 
 time. 
 
 Sun- 
 days 
 and 
 holi- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 days. 
 
 Satur- 
 days. 
 
 Full 
 week. 
 
 Lowell. 
 (Union A.) 
 
 New Bedford. 
 Somerville. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 31.3 
 34.4 
 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 31.3 
 32.5 
 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.1 
 28.9 
 36.3 
 
 $13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 15.00 
 16.50 
 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 15.00 
 IS. 00 
 15.00 
 15.00 
 15.60 
 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 13.50 
 14.10 
 17.40 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 '9 
 '9 
 19 
 
 9 
 
 8H 
 8K 
 8M 
 8K 
 8K 
 8M 
 8M 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 5H 
 5H 
 S'A 
 
 5K 
 5% 
 S'A 
 SA 
 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 ■■■■-■ 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 ....... 
 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 6" 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 IM 
 
 2 
 
 VA 
 iM 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 One day, 8 hours. 
 
CHAPTER XIII 
 WAGES OF STREET RAILWAY EMPLOYEES. 
 
 The wage data presented in this chapter show the hourly rates of pay 
 for motormen and conductors in 109 cities during a period of several 
 years. For most cities the information is shown for successive years 
 from 1911 to 1917, but in a few instances data were not available prior 
 to 1912 or 1913. In every case the wage rates given for 1917 are believed 
 to have been those in force in the latter part of that year and usually as 
 late as December." 
 
 The material for the compilation was derived from the wage scales 
 currently published in the Motorman and Conductor, which is the offi- 
 cial journal of the Amalgamated Association of Street and Electric 
 Railway Employees, and in the Electric Railway Journal. In addition, 
 a valuable check was offered in the recent report of the United States 
 Bureau of Labor Statistics upon Street Railway Employees in the United 
 States.' This report covers in a very comprehensive manner the wages 
 and conditions of labor of street railway employees in 1914-1915. It was 
 found that in almost every case the data given in the journals referred 
 to agreed, for the corresponding period, with the data of the Bureau of 
 Labor Statistics' report. This would indicate that the data of the jour- 
 nals may be accepted as substantially accurate. 
 
 The cities covered include most of the larger cities and also a number 
 of smaller towns in all sections of the United States. Taken as a whole, 
 the places covered would seem to be sufficient in number and widely 
 enough distributed to be thoroughly representative of wage rates of 
 street car motormen and conductors as a class. 
 
 According to the United States Census Reports there were 282,461 
 persons employed by electric and other street railways, urban and sub- 
 urban, in the United States, in 1912. 
 
 The largest group of street railway employees peculiarly distinctive of 
 the industry is the one which comprises the men operating the cars. 
 This group includes motormen and conductors, and, as noted above, the 
 present compilation of wage data is limited to these occupations. It is 
 also limited to what are known as regular men and does not cover 
 "extra" men. The extra man fills in odd runs and acts as a substitute 
 when regular men are absent, until a change in personnel permits his 
 getting a regular run. His pay is generally proportioned to that of the 
 regular men. 
 
 SYSTEMS OF "WAGE PAYMENT. 
 
 The unit of wage payment is almost invariably the hour. Nearly all 
 companies pay a wage scale that is increased automatically from time 
 to time, according to length of service. A few companies, however, 
 pay a flat rate, irrespective of length of service. In companies havmg 
 
 1 Bulletin of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 204. 
 
320 STREET RAILWAY EMPLOYEES. 
 
 an increasing wage rate, the advance for each year of service is usually 
 about 1 cent per hour, the rate advancing year by year up to a maximum 
 which is reached sometimes in three years, sometimes not until ten 
 years or more. 
 
 In the table presented below there are shown, for each city and each 
 year, the hourly wage rate received at the beginning of service, the num- 
 ber of years of service necessary to obtain the maximum rate, and the 
 amount of the maximum rate. In the few cases where a single flat rate 
 is paid to all motormen and conductors, the minimum and maximum 
 are, of course, the same. 
 
 Motormen and conductors, in most cities, receive identical rates of 
 pay. In those cases where different rates exist for the two occupations, 
 the two scales are shown separately. Also, when information was 
 obtained for more than one company operating in a single city, separate 
 tabulation is made for each company. 
 
 Extra payment for overtime work is not customary in the operation 
 of street cars. But in a limited number of cities some provision for 
 overtime is made, and these, when they could be ascertained, are noted 
 in the table for the latest year covered. 
 
 HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 Information was not available regarding the hours of labor of motor- 
 men and conductors. The system of hours followed in street car opera- 
 tion everywhere is one of immense complication, owing to the adjust- 
 ment of working hours to traffic conditions. As hours are not avail- 
 able, of course no precise deductions can be made regarding the earnings 
 of these occupations. The only general statement that can be made is 
 that, in 1915, the average hours of labor for all cities were between 9>^ 
 and 10 per day.^ On the other hand, it is probably accurate to say that 
 in most of the cities here presented no important changes in hours of 
 service occurred between 1911 and 1917, so that, for each city, the 
 changes in wage rates are roughly indicative of changes in actual earn- 
 ings. 
 
 > Bulletin of U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 204, p. 110. 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 321 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 . 27 
 27 
 28 
 28 
 28 
 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 2 
 
 
 
 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 
 
 .30 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Boston Elevated Ry. Co. 
 
 1912 
 
 25S 
 
 16 
 
 28.9 
 
 Surface lines. 
 
 1913 
 
 26K 
 
 6 
 
 30K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 26'A 
 
 6 
 
 31K 
 
 
 1915 
 
 26H 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1916 
 
 2SH 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 
 1917 > 
 
 29K 
 
 6 
 
 34J< 
 
 Boston Elevated Ry. Co. 
 
 1913 
 
 28K 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 Elevated lines. 
 
 1914 
 
 29X 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Motormen. 
 
 1915 
 
 30 J< 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 
 1916 
 
 32K 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 
 1917! 
 
 33 
 
 6 
 
 36K 
 
 Conductors. 
 
 1913 
 
 24J4- 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25K 
 
 6 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1916 
 
 27K 
 
 6 
 
 30 K 
 
 
 19173 
 
 28K 
 
 6 
 
 31X 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27H 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22K 
 
 6 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22K 
 
 6 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 Brockton, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 23M 
 
 8 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24K 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26K 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 2iy^ 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Bu£[alo, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Butler, Pa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 
 1912 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 
 1917 « 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 ■Rate for 1918, 30J<; 6 years, iS'A maximum. Paid 25 per cent additional for overtime. 
 
 2Time and half for overtime. Rate for 1918, 33K; 6 years, maximum 37>J. 
 
 'Rate for 1918, 29; 6 years, maximum 32. .■ , u 
 
 <20 per cent for overtime not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent for overtime exceeding 1 hour. 
 
 'Time and half for overtime. 
 
 Overtime: 4 cents per hour additional. 
 
322 
 
 STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917 — Continued. 
 
 The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Chelsea, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 1911 
 
 23>i 
 
 8 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24M 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26'A 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 19171 
 
 27K 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Easton, Pa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 1914 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917 = 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 32 
 
 Erie, Pa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 29 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 
 1917 = 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 23'A 
 
 8 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24>f 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26M 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917* 
 
 27K 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Framingham, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23K 
 
 6 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23M 
 
 6 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 
 1915 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 32 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 32 
 
 Franklin, Pa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 
 1917 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 Glens Falls, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 27 
 27 
 28 
 28 
 28 
 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917S 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 •20 per cent for overtime not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent for overtime exce'ding 1 hour 
 
 •Overtime: 6 cents per hour additional. 
 
 ^Overtime: 5 cents extra per hour. 
 
 ^Overtime: 25 per cent for overtime not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent when exceeding 1 hour 
 
 ^Overtime: time and half. 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 323 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES. 1911 TO DECEMBER. 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Gloucester, Mass, 
 
 Hartford, Conn, 
 
 Haverhill, Mass. 
 
 Lansford, Pa. 
 
 Lawrence, Mass. 
 
 Lowell, Mass. 
 
 Lynn. Mass. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917' 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 19172 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917' 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917" 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917' 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917' 
 
 Hourly 
 
 rate at 
 
 start. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 23," i 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24' 3 
 
 26', 
 
 27', 
 
 22' 
 22' 
 26 
 26 
 
 23; 
 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 24' 
 26' 
 27' 
 
 22 
 22 
 25 
 26 
 28 
 
 23 '2 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24;., 
 
 26", 
 
 2 7J-, 
 
 23' . 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24," J 
 
 26's 
 
 27,' J 
 
 2.5;.. 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24'2 
 
 26; i 
 
 27;-! 
 
 Number of 
 
 years to 
 reach maxi- 
 mum rate. 
 
 'Overtime: 25 per cent additional not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent in excess of 1 hour. 
 'Overtime: 10 cents extra per hour. r , u „„ 
 
 "Overtime: 20 per cent additional not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent m excess of 1 hour. 
 «25 per cent additional for overtime not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent additional when exceeding 1 hour. 
 
324 
 
 STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 25 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 26 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 26 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 26 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 2i'A 
 
 6 
 
 3\'A 
 
 
 19171 
 
 25H 
 
 5 
 
 i2yi 
 
 Meriden, Conn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22K 
 
 6 
 
 28 J^ 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22 J^ 
 
 6 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917! 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 Middletown, Conn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 2iy, 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22^ 
 
 6 
 
 2SH 
 
 
 1915 
 
 2214, 
 
 6 
 
 2S'A 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917! 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 Montpelier, Vt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 
 1913 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 22 
 
 
 1914 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 
 1917 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 Nashua, N. H. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 23K 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24K 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26M 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 = 
 
 27K 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Newark, N. J. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 32 
 
 Newburgh, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 21 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 23 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 23 
 
 
 1914. 
 
 23 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 23 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 23 
 
 
 1916 
 
 24K 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 24K 
 
 New Castle, Pa. 
 
 1917 
 
 26 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 26 
 
 
 1911 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 
 1912 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 1913 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 1914 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 
 1915 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 33A 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 New agreement December 31: 26}4 cents at start, 4 years to reach maxi- 
 
 ^Time and half for overtime, 
 mum 33K cents per hour. 
 
 210 cents additional per hour for overtime. 
 
 =20 per cent additional for overtime not exceeding Ihour; 35 per cent additional when exgeedine 1 hour 
 
 'Time and half for overtime. vx..i » » .uu.. 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 325 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 New Haven. Conn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22K 
 
 6 
 
 28H 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 New London, Conn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22K 
 
 7 
 
 28^ 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 19171 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Brooklyn Rapid Transit Co. 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 
 1917* 
 
 26 
 
 15 
 
 3*. 
 
 New York Ry. Co. 
 
 
 
 
 
 All lines except horse and storage bat- 
 
 1911 
 
 S2.40! 
 
 6 
 
 $2 .70 2 
 
 tery car lines. 
 
 1912 
 
 2.40 = 
 
 6 
 
 2.70 2 
 
 Motormen. 
 
 1913 
 
 2. 50 2 
 
 5 
 
 2.852 
 
 
 1914 
 
 2.50' 
 
 5 
 
 2.85 3 
 
 
 1915 
 
 2.50 = 
 
 5 
 
 2.853 
 
 
 1916 
 
 2.60» 
 
 15 
 
 3.403 
 
 
 1917 
 
 2.70" 
 
 IS 
 
 3.403 
 
 Conductors. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 2.302 
 2.302 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 2.602 
 2.602 
 
 
 1913 
 
 2.. 40 2 
 
 5 
 
 2.702 
 
 
 1914 
 
 2.403 
 
 5 
 
 2.703 
 
 
 1915 
 
 2.403 
 
 5 
 
 2.70 3 
 
 
 1916 
 
 2.60 = 
 
 IS 
 
 3.403 
 
 
 1917 
 
 2.703 
 
 15 
 
 3.40 3 
 
 Interboroueh Rapid Transit Co. 
 Elevated lines. 
 Motormen. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 
 3.00 2 
 3.00' 
 3.002 
 3.002 
 
 5 
 S 
 6 
 6 
 
 3.502 
 3.752 
 3.752 
 3.752 
 
 
 1915 
 
 3.002 
 
 6 
 
 3.752 
 
 
 1916 
 
 3.252 
 
 9 
 
 4.002 
 
 
 1917* 
 
 3.50' 
 
 11 
 
 4.50' 
 
 Conductors. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 2.252 
 2.352 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 2.502 
 2.602 
 
 
 1913 
 
 2.352 
 
 5 
 
 2.60 2 
 
 
 1914 
 
 2.352 
 
 5 
 
 2.602 
 
 
 1915 
 
 2.352 
 
 5 
 
 2.60 2 
 
 
 1916 
 
 2.452 
 
 5 
 
 2.70 2 
 
 
 1917 < 
 
 2.80 = 
 
 3 
 
 3.00' 
 
 Subway lines. 
 Motormen. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 3.002 
 3.002 
 3.00 2 
 
 2 
 6 
 6 
 
 3.502 
 3. 752 
 3.752 
 
 
 1914 
 
 3,002 
 
 6 
 
 3.752 
 
 
 1915 
 
 3.00 2 
 
 6 
 
 3.752 
 
 
 1916 
 
 3.252 
 
 9 
 
 4.002 
 
 
 1917 < 
 
 3.50' 
 
 11 
 
 4.50' 
 
 '10 cents additional per hour for overtime. 
 
 2Per day: hours not reported. 
 
 3Per day of 10 hours. „ r. . j. ^ • ,. 
 
 <Data furnished by New York Public Service Commission, first district. 
 
 'For a nine hour day. 
 
235 
 
 STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER. 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are tho52 in effect ths latter part of tlie year, and usually as 
 late as December.! 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 ."tart. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents. 1 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interborough Rapid Transit Co. 
 
 1911 
 
 S2 25 I 
 
 4 
 
 $2.50" 
 
 Subway lines. 
 
 1912 
 
 2.35' 
 
 5 
 
 2.60' 
 
 Conductor'^. 
 
 191.3 
 
 2.351 
 
 5 
 
 2.60' 
 
 
 1914 
 
 2. .15' 
 
 S 
 
 2.60' 
 
 
 191.5 
 
 2.35 1 
 
 5 
 
 2.60' 
 
 
 1916 
 
 2.45 > 
 
 5 
 
 2.701 
 
 
 1917 = 
 
 2.80< 
 
 3 
 
 3.0G« 
 
 Brooklyn Rapid Transit Co. 
 
 1911 
 
 26 
 
 11 
 
 35 
 
 Elevated lines. 
 
 1912 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 Motormen. 
 
 1913 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 
 1914 
 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 37H 
 
 
 1915 
 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 37K 
 
 
 1916 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 
 1917S 
 
 34 
 
 11 
 
 42 K 
 
 Conductors. 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 . 
 
 1917" 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 Norwalk, Conn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22K 
 
 6 
 
 28M 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22H 
 
 6 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 19172 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 Norwich, Conn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 IIH 
 
 
 1914 
 
 21'A 
 
 6 
 
 2&A 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 19172 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 3? 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Philadelphia Rapid Transit Co. 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 23J-2 
 
 Elevated lines. 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 Motormen. 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 28 
 
 / 
 
 1914 
 
 28 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 33 
 
 6 
 
 38 
 
 Conductors 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 23K 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 Surface lines. 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 
 1912 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1913 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 31 
 
 
 1917 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 ■Per day: hours not reported. 
 
 =10 Cents additional per hour for overtime. 
 
 ^Data furnished by New York Public Service Commission, First District. 
 
 *For a nine hour day. 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 327 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES. 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Hourly 
 
 rate at 
 
 start. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Number of 
 
 years to 
 reach maxi- 
 mum rate. 
 
 Maximum 
 
 hourly 
 
 rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Pittsfield and North Adams, Mass. 
 
 Pottsville, Pa. 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 Quincy, Mas') 
 
 Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Salem, Mass. 
 
 Schenectady, N. Y. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 191,5 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917' 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917' 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 2 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 = 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917' 
 
 23>i 
 
 23K 
 
 23K 
 
 23K 
 
 27 
 
 29K 
 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 
 24^; 
 
 26 
 
 22 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 
 21H 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 23'i 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24K 
 
 26K 
 
 27K 
 
 22>- 
 
 22>- 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 13'A 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 2i'A 
 
 26'A 
 
 27M 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 24'A 
 
 2i'A 
 
 26'A 
 
 27 
 
 30 
 30 
 30 
 30 
 35 
 37," 
 
 28K 
 
 28K 
 
 28K 
 
 28K 
 
 30 
 
 3lK 
 
 25 
 27 
 27 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 28K 
 
 28!4 
 
 28)2 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 34 
 
 21A 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 26A 
 
 26A 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 27K 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 28K 
 
 28M 
 
 30M 
 
 31 
 
 'iS^^^cLtfiiSlon:U^t.eriir.. not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent additional for overtime exceeding 
 1 hour. 
 
328 
 
 STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 191-7— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Scranton, Pa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 26>^ 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 26'A 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 26A 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 26'A 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 
 1917 3 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 Sharon, Pa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 25'A 
 
 2 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1912 
 
 2TA 
 
 2 
 
 29% 
 
 
 1913 
 
 nyi 
 
 2 
 
 29'A 
 
 
 1914 
 
 2iy. 
 
 2 
 
 30'A 
 
 
 1915 
 
 27K 
 
 2 
 
 3i'A 
 
 
 1916 
 
 21% 
 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 2iyi 
 
 3 
 
 .34^ 
 
 Springfield, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 $2.30< 
 
 4 
 
 $2.85* 
 
 
 1913 
 
 2.30« 
 
 4 
 
 2.8S< 
 
 
 1914 
 
 2.305 
 
 4 
 
 2.856 
 
 
 1915 
 
 2.30 5 
 
 4 
 
 2.85« 
 
 
 1916 
 
 2.55J<s 
 
 4 
 
 3.10J^« 
 
 
 1917 « 
 
 2.55K' 
 
 4 
 
 3.10K' 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 22K 
 
 2 
 
 26>i 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22K 
 
 2 
 
 26J^ 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 2i% 
 
 2 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1915 
 
 2i'A 
 
 2 
 
 28 J4 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 Taunton, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 23^ 
 
 8 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24>i 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26K 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 27K 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Trenton, N. J. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 24 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 24 
 
 
 1912 
 
 26 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 
 25 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 26 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 26 
 
 
 1915 
 
 27 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 27 
 
 
 1916 
 
 29 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 29 
 
 
 1917 
 
 29 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 29 
 
 Troy, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 1912 
 
 27 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 27 
 
 
 1913 
 
 27 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 28 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 28 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 28 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 ^Time and half for overtime. 
 ^'Time and quarter for overtime. 
 3Per day: hours not reported. 
 *Per day of 9 hours. 
 ^Overtime paid for at least 2 hours. 
 
 ^Time and half for overtime. 1918 — ^Wages at start, 27 cents; 2 years to reach maximum, 31 cents. 
 '20 per cent additional for overtime not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent additional when exceeding 
 1 hour. 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 329 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 19U TO DECEMBER. 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 UUca, N. Y. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19)2 
 
 22K 
 
 3 
 
 26K 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24^ 
 
 2 
 
 2&'A 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24^ 
 
 2 
 
 2S'A 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917 2 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 WakeBeld. Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 2i'A 
 
 8 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24K 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26K 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 2TA 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22K 
 
 6 
 
 2&'A 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22K 
 
 6 
 
 28 Ji 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917» 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 Westerly, R. I. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •1911 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22K 
 
 6 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917" 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 Wobum, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 2i'A 
 
 8 
 
 2TA 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24K 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 26K 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917* 
 
 2TA 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 2&A 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 2SA 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 28K 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 31 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28K 
 
 4 
 
 34A 
 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 
 17 
 18 
 18 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 23 
 25 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 IS 
 18 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 25 
 25 
 
 
 1917 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 .20 per cent additional for overtimenot exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent additional when exceeding 1 hour. 
 'AgfSnent for 1918: wages at start, 27 cents per hour; 2 years to reach maximum, 31 cents. 
 »10 cents per hour additional for overtime. „ „.„f „,i,on PvecpHine 1 hour. 
 
 <20 per cent additional for overtime not exceeding 1 hour; 35 per cent when exceeding i nour. 
 
330 
 
 STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES. 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.! 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Augusta, Ga. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 
 1913 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 
 1914 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 22 
 
 
 191.^ 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 1916 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 1917" 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 
 1913 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 
 1914 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 21 
 
 
 1915 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 1916 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 1917 = 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 Columbia, S. C. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 15K 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 
 1913 
 
 IS'A 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 
 1914 
 
 ISK 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 
 1915 
 
 15K 
 
 2 
 
 21 
 
 
 1916 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 23X 
 
 
 1917 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 Asheville, N. C. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 21>i 
 
 
 1912 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1917 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 Birmingham', Ala. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 
 1915 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 
 19173! 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 Covington, Ky. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 22 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 
 1916 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917S6 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 Galveston. Tex. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 21 
 
 S 
 
 26 
 
 
 1917 
 
 25 
 
 S 
 
 30 
 
 Lexington, Ky. 
 
 
 
 
 
 City lines. 
 
 1912 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 
 1913 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 
 1914 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 
 1915 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 
 1916 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 18K 
 
 5 
 
 22K 
 
 'Rate for 1918: 20 cents per hour at start; 6 years to reach maximum, 26 cents. 
 
 2Time and half for overtime. 
 
 "Rate for 1918: 21 cents per hour at start; 7 years to reach maximum, 28 cents. 
 
 'Rate for 1918: 24 cents per hour at start; 5 years to reach maximum, 30 cents. 
 
 •Time and third for overtime. 
 
 'Rate for 1918: 20 cents per hour at start; 5 years to reach maximum, 24 cents. 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 331 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES. 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Lexington. Ky., — Continued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interurban. 
 
 1912 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 
 1913 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 
 1914 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 
 1915 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 
 1916 
 
 20 
 
 .s 
 
 23 
 
 
 1917 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 Little Roclc, Ark. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 
 1917 
 
 25 
 
 8 
 
 32 
 
 McAlister, Okla. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1917 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 23.' 4 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 23X 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 24 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 24 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 24 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 24 
 
 
 1916 
 
 24;< 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 24K 
 
 
 1917 
 
 24;i 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 24K 
 
 San Antonio, Te.x. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 
 1915 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 1917 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 Shreveport, La. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 21 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 
 21 
 
 5 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 
 1915 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 
 1916 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 Alton, in. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Double track. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 26K 
 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 
 26K 
 26K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 26K 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 26K 
 
 
 1915 
 
 26K 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 26K 
 
 
 1916 
 
 27 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 27 
 
 
 1917 
 
 31 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 31 
 
 Single track. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 27K 
 27H 
 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 
 27K 
 27K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 27K 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1915 
 
 27K 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 27K 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 28 
 
 
 1917 
 
 33 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 33 
 
 iTime and half for overtime. 
 
332 
 
 STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.! 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Akron, Ohio 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interurban. 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 
 1913 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 
 1914 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 31 
 
 
 1915 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 
 31 
 
 
 1916 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 
 34 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 35 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 City. 
 
 1911 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 19^ 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 29 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 29 
 
 
 1916 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 
 19171 
 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 38 
 
 Battle Creek, Mich 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28 
 
 3 — 
 
 32 
 
 Burlington, la. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 
 1912 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 
 1913 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 
 1914 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 
 1915 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 
 1916 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 
 1917 = 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Motormen on all except northwestern 
 
 1911 
 
 28K 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 division. 
 
 1912 
 
 30K 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 
 1913 
 
 30K 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 
 1914 
 
 30K 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 
 19lS 
 
 30K 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 
 1916 
 
 38 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 38 
 
 
 1917 
 
 41 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 41 
 
 Conductors. 
 
 1911 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 25K 
 
 
 1912 
 
 25K 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1913 
 
 25K 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25}^ 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25K 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 Surface lines. 
 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1911 
 
 31 
 34 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1912 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1913 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 
 
 1915 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 
 1916 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 
 1917 
 
 32 
 
 S 
 
 39 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 23 
 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 
 1913 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 27 
 
 
 1915 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 
 1916 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 nn effect. November 1, 1917. 
 
 H Cents per hour additional for overtime. 
 
 ^Agreement for 1918: wages at start, 24 cents; S years to reach maximum, 30 cents. 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 333 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of jMiy for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 City. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Columbus. Ohio. 
 Motormen. 
 
 Conductors. 
 
 Davenport, Iowa. 
 
 Des Moines, la. 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Dubuque, la- 
 
 East Liverpool, Ohio. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 191S 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 19171 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 19171 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917! 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 = 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917< 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917* 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 Hourly 
 
 rate at 
 
 start. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 27 
 27 
 27 
 29 
 31 
 32 
 
 20 K 
 20K 
 23K 
 26 
 
 22 
 
 20K 
 20'A 
 23H 
 26 
 
 21 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 26 
 28 
 
 23 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 27K 
 
 35 
 
 15 
 17 
 17 
 17 
 20 
 20 
 
 23 
 23 
 24 
 24 
 26 
 26 
 
 Number of 
 
 years to 
 reach maxi- 
 mum rate. 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 iln effect, August 29, 1917. 
 '7 cents per hour additional for overtime. 
 '5 cents per hour additional for overtime. 
 •10 cents per hour additional for overtime. 
 
334 
 
 STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 19U TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 fThe rates of pay for 1917 are those in effec* the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Galesburg, HI. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 l.S 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 191.1 
 
 20 
 
 .5 
 
 24 
 
 
 1914 
 
 20 
 
 S 
 
 24 
 
 
 191,'; 
 
 20 
 
 .5 
 
 24 
 
 
 1916 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 
 1917J 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 Gary, Ind. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 
 1913 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 
 1914 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 
 191.5 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 t 
 
 1916 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 
 1917 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 
 1915 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 
 1916 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 
 1917 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 Jackson, Mich. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 191.5 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 Joliet, 111. 
 
 
 
 
 
 City lines. 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 191.5 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 
 19171 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 Interurban lines. 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 
 1912 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1913 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1914 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 Kalamazoo, Mich. 
 
 191,5 
 1916 
 19172 
 
 30 
 33 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 City lines. 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 191.5 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 12 cents additional per hour for overtime. 
 
 ^Time and half for overtime. 
 
 '10 cents per hour additional for overtime. 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 335 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 City. 
 
 La Crosse, Wis. 
 
 Lansing, Mich. 
 
 Madison, Wis. 
 
 Mansfield, Ohio. 
 
 Niles, Ohio. 
 
 Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Portsmouth, Ohio. 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 
 1911 
 
 19 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 
 1912 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1914 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 
 1912 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 
 1913 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 
 1914 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 
 1915 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 
 1916 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 
 1917 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 
 1912 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 
 1913 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 
 1914 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 
 1915 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 
 1916 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 
 1917 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 
 1911 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 
 1912 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 1913 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 1914 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 
 1915 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 32 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 33 H 
 
 
 1917" 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 
 1911 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 io 
 
 29 
 
 
 1914 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 
 1915 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917=. 
 
 26>, 
 
 6 
 
 31,'o 
 
 
 1912 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 
 1913 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 
 1914 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1915 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 1916 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 
 1917 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 iTime and half for overtime. 
 
 ^Not reported. 
 
 ^Six per cent bonus on previous year. 
 
336 
 
 STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER, 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 City. 
 
 Rock Island, 
 
 111. 
 
 Steubenville, 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Toledo, Ohio 
 
 
 Wheeling, W 
 
 Va. 
 
 Youngstown 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Butte, Mont. 
 
 Colorado Springs, Colo. 
 
 Hourly 
 
 rate at 
 
 start. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 19)3 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 19171 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 1911 
 
 21 
 
 5 
 
 1912 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 1914 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 1915 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 1917 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 1913 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 1914 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 1915 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 1916 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 19171 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 1911 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 1913 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 1914 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 
 1915 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 1916 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 1917 
 
 29 
 
 • 
 
 9 
 
 1911 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 1912 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 1913 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 1914 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 1915 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 1917" 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 1912 
 
 38>^ 
 
 5 
 
 1913 
 
 38K 
 
 5 
 
 1914 
 
 38 J4 
 
 5 
 
 1915 
 
 38 K 
 
 5 
 
 1916 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 1917 3 
 
 47K 
 
 3 
 
 1912 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 1913 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 1917 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 Number of 
 
 years to 
 reach maxi- 
 mum rate. 
 
 iTime and half for overtime. Two weeks leave per year, with pay. 
 hour at start; 5 years to maximum, 32 cents. 
 3Time and half for overtime. 
 *In effect, October, 1917. 
 
 Wages for 1918: 28 cents per 
 
STREET CAR EMPLOYEES. 
 
 337 
 
 RATES OF PAY OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN 
 VARIOUS CITIES, 1911 TO DECEMBER. 1917— Continued. 
 
 [The rates of pay for 1917 are those in effect the latter part of the year, and usually as 
 late as December.] 
 
 
 
 Hourly 
 
 Number of 
 
 Maximum 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 rate at 
 
 years to 
 
 hourly 
 
 
 
 start. 
 
 reach maxi- 
 
 rate. 
 
 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 mum rate. 
 
 (in cents.) 
 
 Oakland. Calif. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 
 1913 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 
 1914 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 
 1915 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 
 1916 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 Ogden, Utah. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 22K 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 
 1912 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 
 1913 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 Portland, Oreg. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1912 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 ' 30 
 
 
 1913 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 31 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 31 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 31 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 31 
 
 
 1917' 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 Sacramento, Calif. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 
 1913 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 
 1914 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 
 1915 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 
 1916 
 1917» 
 
 
 
 
 3i 
 
 * 
 
 34 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 
 1912 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 
 1913 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 
 1914 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 
 1915 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 
 1916 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 
 1917 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 37 
 
 San Francisco, Calif. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Municipal Railways. 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 
 37K 
 37K 
 
 Flat rate 
 Flat rate 
 
 37J^ 
 37K 
 
 
 1914 
 
 3TA 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 3TA 
 
 
 1915 
 
 37K 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 3TA 
 
 
 1916 
 
 37K 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 3TA 
 
 
 1917 
 
 ilH 
 
 Flat rate 
 
 i3H 
 
 United Railroads. 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 25 
 25 
 
 9 
 9 
 
 35 
 35 
 
 
 1916 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 35 
 
 
 1917 i 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 42 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 Benton & Southern Ry. Co. 
 
 1911 
 1912 
 
 24 
 25 
 
 
 1913 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 
 1914 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 
 1915 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 
 1917 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 Stockton, Calif. 
 
 1911 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 
 27K 
 
 3 
 
 27K 
 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 1917 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 'Time and half for overtime. . 
 
 *Ten cents per hour additional for overtime. 
 
 •Scale in effect, November 12. 1917. 
 
CHAPTER XIV 
 
 WAGE RATES OF LONGSHOREMEN ENGAGED IN FOREIGN 
 TRADE, AT THE PORT OF NEW YORK, 1912-1917 
 
 The table below shows the union wage scales of longshoremen en- 
 gaged in foreign commerce at the port of New York and vicinity for 
 the years 1912, 1916, and 1917 The wage scale for 1917 became effec- 
 tive on October 1 of that year and was still in force on January 1, 1918. 
 
 The number of longshoremen in New York City has been variously 
 estimated at from 40,000 to 60,000, of which number about half per- 
 haps are engaged in handling trans-Atlantic commerce. Because of 
 the importance of New York harbor as a port of entry, the number of 
 longshoremen employed there is probably as great as the total number 
 employed at all other American ports. 
 
 The rates given are for New York harbor alone, but the existing 
 union rates at other Atlantic ports are reported as being identical with 
 those for New York. Longshoremen's wage rates on the Pacific coast 
 tend to be slightly higher than those for the Atlantic coast. 
 
 WAGE R.-\TES AND HOURS OF L.VBOR OF LONGSHOREMEN, NEW YORK CITY 
 
 1912 TO 1917 
 
 
 1912 
 (Agreement 
 
 of 
 September) 
 
 1916 
 (Agreement 
 
 Effective 
 September) 
 
 1917-1918 
 
 (Agreement 
 
 Effective 
 
 Oct. 1917) 
 
 Per Cent Increase 
 1917 Over 
 
 1912 1 1916 
 
 Hourly wage rates^ 
 
 $0.33 
 .50 
 .60 
 
 *D. T. 
 .50 
 .60 
 
 10 
 
 $0.40 
 .60 
 .SO 
 
 .80 
 
 .60 
 
 .80 
 10 
 
 $0.50 
 
 .75 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.00 
 T .75 
 
 1 
 
 52 25 
 50 I .25 
 67 1 .25 
 
 50 i .23 
 
 Night work 
 
 Sundays . 
 
 Holidays — ChristmaF, 
 July 4, Good Friday 
 
 Other 
 
 During meal hours.... 
 
 D. T. i 
 
 9 —10 ! —10 
 
 
 
 — -' 
 
 * Christmas and July 4 only. 
 
 t Only baggage and mail on Labor Day at $1.00 per hour. 
 — Decrease. 
 
 339 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 
 WAGE RATES IN THE GLASS BOTTLE BLOWING 
 INDUSTRY. 
 
 Until very recent years the blowing of glass bottles, as of all glassware, 
 was entirely a hand industry and had been done in much the same way 
 for several centuries. Then, about ten years ago, automatic bottle 
 blowing machines began to be developed to such a degree of perfection 
 as almost to monopolize certain kinds of ware, particularly large wide- 
 mouth bottles, and to offer competition with hand blowing in almost all 
 kinds of bottles. In the face of this competition the hand workers and 
 the operators of semi-automatic machines could rarely get their wage 
 rates advanced and, in many cases, had to submit to a marked reduc- 
 tion in piece rates. As a result, the present wage scales of these workers, 
 in spite of some recent increases, are about on the same level as they 
 were ten years ago. 
 
 The following tables show the piece rates paid to blowers for certain 
 representative types of bottles over the period 1907 to 1918. The 
 data are taken from Bulletin 214 of the United States Bureau of Labor 
 Statistics, supplemented by the addition of the rates from the scale 
 books for the season of 1917-1918. Also the text description of the tables 
 is taken largely from the Bulletin referred to. 
 
 The Glass Bottle Blowers' Association (workmen's union) and the 
 various glass manufacturers' associations representing their employers 
 have had wage-scale agreements for considerably over a quarter of a 
 century. There had been but little change in piece rates in the hand- 
 blowing prescription ware department for years prior to 1912. The 
 machine-blowing establishments had succeeded in breaking the price 
 on fruit jars, milk jars, and the larger wide-mouth ware generally, 
 and had forced the establishment of machine wage scales, which, 
 while leaving the old flint prescription rates in the printed book of 
 rates, nevertheless transferred the work to the machines. As an 
 instance of what is here meant, it will be noted that "milk jars" are 
 listed in the following table showing hand -blowers' rates at $1.72 per 
 gross for quart jars. This is the hand rate, but as a matter of fact 
 few or none are now hand blown, and the same articles are found in 
 the next table, or machine operators' rates, at 38 cents per 100 bottles. 
 
 The machine was not, however, at first a brilliant success in the 
 production of narrow-mouth druggist prescription bottles of the smaller 
 sizes; and while the competition was severe, the workmen were able 
 
 341 
 
342 
 
 GLASS BOTTLE BLOWING. 
 
 to force the manufacturers to stand the brunt of it without its being 
 reflected in the wage scale. In 1912, however, the workmen accepted 
 a reduction on 3-ounce bottles and above, but still insisted that on sizes 
 under 3-ounce the competition of the machine was not serious and 
 must be met and borne by the manufacturers. In the 1914-15 scale a 
 reduction was accepted on the smaller-sized bottles. There was, how- 
 ever, a slight increase in the rates in 1916-17 over 1914-15. And again in 
 the scale of 1917-18 there were further slight advances in the hand 
 rates and a flat ten per cent increase in machine rates. 
 
 HAND RATES. 
 
 The following table shows for the hand -blown prescription ware 
 division of the industry the piece rates per gross paid to blowers from 
 1907 to 1917. The selection of articles to be included in this table 
 was made with a view to giving a few basic articles, from the rate upon 
 which anyone familiar with the trade could know the general level of 
 rates and be able to determine very closely what the rate on any specific 
 article would be. Generally speaking, blowing is done in the United 
 States by "shops" — a shop consists of three blowers and the necessary 
 "boy labor" to take care of the production of these three. Two blow 
 and one finishes, these interchanging work occasionally. Finishing 
 means shaping the "neck" and putting the "lip" on the bottle. On 
 all small ware the blower gathers his own glass. 
 

 
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 343 
 
344 
 
 GLASS BOTTLE BLOWING. 
 
 TABLE 1.— Continued. 
 
 GLASS BOTTLES (HAND BLOWING)— PIECE RATES PER GROSS PAID TO BLOWERS, 
 1907-8 TO 1916-17— Concluded. 
 
 Kind of bottle. 
 
 Size. 
 
 Capacity. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Rate per gross paid blowers for the season. 
 
 1907-8 
 
 1909-10 
 
 to 
 1911-12 
 
 1912-13 
 
 •and 
 1913-14 
 
 1914-15 
 
 1916-17 
 
 Pickle jars: 
 
 Baltimore style. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Olive list 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Demijohns and carboys 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Bulb-neck or export 
 
 beers. 
 Lager beers, cham- 
 pagne shape. 
 Appollinaris and select 
 
 beers. 
 Mineral waters and 
 ginger ales. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Milk jars 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Prescription, miscel- 
 laneous ovals, and 
 French squares: Half 
 oval, one side fiat. 
 Round castor oils and 
 lemon sirups. 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Oval castor oils . 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 Do 
 Do 
 Do 
 
 Panels and cod-liver oils 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Nursing bottles . 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Baking powder.. 
 
 Do 
 
 Catsup 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 1 gallon. 
 
 2 gallons, 
 4 gallons. 
 8 gallons. 
 
 16 gallons. 
 . 1 pint... 
 
 1 quart. . . . 
 16 ounces. 
 
 32 ounces. , 
 
 i pint.. 
 
 1 pint . . 
 
 2 pints. 
 
 J ounce. . 
 
 1 ounce . . 
 
 2 ounces. . 
 
 3 ounces. . 
 
 4 ounces. . 
 8 ounces. . 
 
 16 ounces.. 
 32 ounces.. 
 
 1 ounce. . 
 
 2 ounces. . 
 
 3 ounces.. 
 
 4 ounces. . 
 8 ounces. . 
 
 16 ounces., 
 
 1 ounce, , 
 
 2 ounces. , 
 
 3 ounces. . 
 
 4 ounces. , 
 8 ounces. . 
 
 16 ounces.. 
 32 ounces. . 
 
 6 ounces. , 
 
 8 ounces. , 
 12 ounces.. 
 
 i pound . . 
 
 1 pound . . 
 
 4 ounces. . 
 
 8 ounces. , 
 12 ounces., 
 16 ounces. , 
 32 ounces.. 
 
 6 ounces. , 
 
 8 ounces. . 
 12 ounces.. 
 16 ounces. . 
 
 4 ounces. . 
 
 8 ounces. . 
 12 ounces.. 
 16 ounces.. 
 
 14 to 16 oz. 
 22 to 24 oz. 
 
 6 ounces., 
 
 12 ounces., 
 16 ounces.. 
 12 ounces.. 
 16 ounces.. 
 21 ounces.. 
 
 J ounce. . 
 li ounces. 
 
 2J ounces. 
 
 3 ounces. . 
 
 4 ounces. . 
 6i ounces. 
 
 11 ounces.. 
 20 ounces. . 
 
 IJ ounces. 
 2J ounces. 
 
 3 ounces. . 
 
 4 ounces. , 
 7J ounces. 
 
 12 ounces.. 
 
 2 ounces. , 
 
 3 ounces. , 
 
 4 ounces. . 
 
 5 ounces. . , 
 10 ounces. . 
 16 ounces.. . 
 26 ounces. . . 
 
 5 ounces. . , 
 
 7 ounces. . , 
 10 ounces. . . 
 
 6 ounces. . , 
 
 8 ounces. . . 
 4 ounces. . . 
 
 7 ounces. . . 
 10 ounces.. . 
 14 ounces.. . 
 23 ounces.. . 
 
 $0.86 
 .98 
 ].18 
 1.42 
 .72 
 1.02 
 1.24 
 1.46 
 1.26 
 1.42 
 1.78 
 2.08J 
 2.14J 
 1,32 
 1,59 
 1.38 
 
 2.11 
 
 .83 
 
 1,18} 
 
 1,41 
 
 1.24 
 
 1,38 
 
 1,72 
 
 ,54 
 .60 
 
 .65 
 
 .70 
 
 .76 
 
 .92 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.62 
 
 58 
 
 62 
 
 69 
 
 77 
 
 96 
 
 19 
 
 59 
 
 .65 
 
 .73 
 
 .80 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.44 
 
 2,04 
 
 8,76 
 
 »,90 
 
 n,08 
 
 .72 
 
 .85 
 
 .70 
 
 .90 
 
 1.08 
 
 1,30 
 
 1.82 
 
 1. 
 
 $0,86 
 .98 
 1.18 
 1.42 
 .72 
 1.02 
 1,24 
 
 1.46 
 
 1.26 
 
 '.42 
 
 '.78 
 
 !,08J 
 
 M4i 
 
 1.06 
 
 1.27 
 
 1,10 
 
 1.6? 
 
 .83 
 
 .95 
 
 1.13 
 
 1,24 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.72 
 
 .54 
 
 .60 
 
 ,65 
 
 .70 
 
 .76 
 
 .92 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.62 
 
 .58 
 
 .62 
 
 .69 
 
 ,77 
 
 .96 
 
 1.19 
 
 ,59 
 
 ,65 
 
 .73 
 
 .80 
 
 1,14 
 
 1,44 
 
 2,04 
 
 ',76 
 
 '.90 
 
 »1.08 
 
 .72 
 
 .85 
 
 .70 
 
 .72 
 
 ,86 
 
 1,04 
 
 1,46 
 
 $0,69 
 
 .78 
 
 .94 
 
 1.14 
 
 .58 
 
 .82 
 
 .99 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.42 
 
 1.78 
 
 2. 08 J 
 
 2,14i 
 
 ,85 
 
 1,02 
 
 .88 
 
 1.35 
 
 .83 
 
 .76 
 
 .90 
 
 1,24 
 
 1.38 
 
 1,72 
 
 ,54 
 .60 
 
 .65 
 .70 
 .76 
 .92 
 1.14 
 1.62 
 .58 
 .62 
 .69 
 .77 
 .96 
 
 19 
 
 .59 
 
 .65 
 
 .73 
 
 .80 
 
 .91 
 
 1.15 
 
 1.63 
 
 ».61 
 
 >.72 
 
 «.86 
 
 .58 
 
 .68 
 
 .70 
 
 .72 
 
 .86 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.46 
 
 $0.69 
 
 .78 
 
 .94 
 
 1.14 
 
 .58 
 
 .82 
 
 .99 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.42 
 
 1.78 
 
 !,08i 
 
 2,14} 
 
 .85 
 
 1.02 
 
 .88 
 
 1.35 
 
 .66 
 
 .76 
 
 .90 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.38 
 
 1,72 
 
 .43 
 .48 
 
 .52 
 
 .56 
 
 .61 
 
 .74 
 
 .91 
 
 1.30 
 
 .46 
 
 .50 
 
 .55 
 
 .62 
 
 .77 
 
 .95 
 
 .47 
 
 .52 
 
 .58 
 
 .64 
 
 .91 
 
 1.15 
 
 1,63 
 
 s,61 
 
 S.72 
 
 5.86 
 
 .58 
 
 .68 
 
 .70 
 
 .72 
 
 .86 
 
 1.04 
 
 1.46 
 
 $0.69 
 
 .78 
 
 .94 
 
 1.14 
 
 .58 
 
 .82 
 
 .99 
 
 1.17 
 
 1.26 
 
 1,42 
 
 1.78 
 
 !,08J 
 
 2.14} 
 
 .85 
 
 1.02 
 
 .88 
 
 1.35 
 
 .66 
 
 .76 
 
 .90 
 
 1.24 
 
 1.38 
 
 1.72 
 
 .47 
 .53 
 
 .57 
 
 .62 
 
 .67 
 
 .81 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.43 
 
 .51 
 
 .55 
 
 .60 
 
 .68 
 
 .85 
 
 1.05 
 
 .52 
 
 .57 
 
 .64 
 
 .70 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.26 
 
 1.79 
 
 '.67 
 
 >.79 
 
 >.9S 
 
 .58 
 
 .68 
 
 .70 
 
 .79 
 
 .95 
 
 1.14 
 
 1.61 
 
 ' Per dozen. 
 
 2 Per bottle. 
 
 ' Straight neck. 
 
GLASS BOTTLE BLOWING. 345 
 
 MACHINE RATES. 
 
 The rates here shown are those agreed upon between the Glass Bottle 
 Blowers' Association and the Machine Glass Bottle and Jar Manu- 
 facturers' Association. There are but two machines with the users 
 of which the union has wage-rate agreements. These are the United 
 Bottle Machine Co. of New York (a machine originating in England) 
 and the O'Neill narrow-mouth machine. The "United" is a "three-man 
 machine," i. e., requires three men to operate it. These machines now 
 for the most part make beer bottles, "minerals and sodas," and "Brandy 
 4's" and "Brandy 5's" with long necks. 
 
 The O'Neill, which was originally a "two-man machine," has now 
 an automatic cut-ofT, which makes it a one-man machine. The Owens 
 Automatic macjiines are not covered by any union scale of wages. 
 
 The following table shows the rate per 100 pieces paid to machine 
 operators from 1908 to 1917 on articles selected to show to one ac- 
 quainted with the trade the general level of rates in the industry. The 
 increases in 1917-1918 were in the form of flat 10 per cent advances in 
 all items. 
 
346 
 
 GLASS BOTTLE BLOWING. 
 
 TABLE 2. 
 
 GLASS BOTTLES AND JARS (MACHINE)— RATES PER 100 PIECES PAID TO MACHINE 
 OPERATORS, 1908-9 TO 1916-17. 
 
 Kind of bottle. 
 
 Size. 
 
 Capacity. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Rate per 100 paid hand- 
 machine operators for 
 the season. 
 
 1908-9 
 to 1916-17 
 
 Jars, fruit: 
 
 Improved Mason 
 
 Jam jar 
 
 Improved top, Mason 
 
 Do 
 
 Milk; 
 
 i pint 
 
 i pmt 
 
 1 pint 
 
 1 quart 
 
 Cherries and olives: 
 
 Round 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Jellies and tumblers: 
 
 J-pint jelly glasses 
 
 Vaselines, pomades, mucilages 
 and pastes: 
 
 Round, wide-mouth, vase- 
 line 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Jams, preserves: 
 
 Round, preserves 
 
 Round, jam 
 
 Round, preserves 
 
 Round, jam 
 
 Round, preserves 
 
 Prescriptions, bromos, and mor- 
 phines: 
 
 Square, morphine 
 
 Round , bromo 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Sponge, varnishes, blackings, 
 glues: 
 
 Round, polish 
 
 Square, polish 
 
 Round, blacking 
 
 Do 
 
 Horse - radishes, pickles and 
 chows : 
 
 Round, horse-radish 
 
 Round, pickle 
 
 Fluted, pickle 
 
 Fluted, chow 
 
 Oblong, pickle 
 
 Flat, pickle ., 
 
 Do 
 
 Oblong, pickle 
 
 Octagon, pickle 
 
 Square, pickle 
 
 Hexagon, pickle 
 
 Oblong, pickle 
 
 Mustards: 
 
 Round pot, mustard 
 
 Do 
 
 Fluted pot, mustard 
 
 Do 
 
 Octagon pot, mustard 
 
 1 pint. . . 
 1 pint... 
 1 quart . . 
 J gallon. 
 
 3i ounces. 
 
 8 ounces . . 
 16 ounces. . 
 32 ounces. . 
 
 12 ounces. 
 16 Dunces. 
 18 ounces. 
 27 ounces. 
 
 8 ounces. 
 
 1 ounce. . 
 
 2 ounces. 
 4 ounces . 
 8 ounces. 
 
 8 ounces . 
 
 7 ounces . 
 12 ounces. 
 16 ounces. 
 16 ounces. 
 
 1 ounce. . . 
 J ounce. . . 
 2 1 ounces. 
 5 ounces. . 
 
 4 ounces. 
 4 ounces. 
 6 ounces . 
 8 ounces . 
 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 ounces . 
 
 4 ounces . 
 6 ounces . 
 6 ounces . 
 8 ounces . 
 8 ounces , 
 
 7 ounces. 
 11 ounces. 
 15 ounces. 
 26 ounces . 
 
 11 ounces. 
 13 ounces. 
 15 ounces. 
 22 ounces. 
 
 6 ounces . 
 
 2 ounces. 
 2 ounces. 
 5 ounces . 
 7 ounces. 
 
 8 ounces. . 
 
 8 J ounces. 
 10 ounces. . 
 Ill ounces. 
 1 4 ounces . . 
 
 2 ounces. . 
 H ounces. 
 3i ounces. 
 6 ounces . . 
 
 5 J ounces. 
 6 ounces . . 
 5 1 ounces. 
 7i ounces. 
 
 4i ounces. 
 
 7 ounces. . 
 9 ounces . . 
 
 10 ounces . . 
 
 8 ounces . . 
 7i ounces. 
 
 9 ounces. . 
 12 ounces. . 
 
 15 ounces. . 
 12i ounces. 
 12 ounces . . 
 
 16 ounces. . 
 
 4i ounces. 
 
 8 ounces. . 
 6 ounces. . 
 
 9 ounces . . 
 9 ounces . . 
 
 $0.15 
 .15 
 .18 
 
 .24i 
 
 .17 
 .21 
 .25 
 .38 
 
 .20 
 •■21 
 .26 - 
 .30 
 
 .13 
 
 .12 
 
 .12 
 .14 
 
 .15 
 
 .15 
 .16 
 .18 
 .18 
 
 .23 J 
 
 .12i 
 .13^ 
 .14i 
 .17 
 
 .15 
 .16^ 
 .16| 
 .18 
 
 14J 
 
 16i 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 2H 
 
 22 
 
 22i 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 28 
 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 18 
 18 
 
 1 The piece rate in this item was reduced from 13^ to 12^ cents in 1913-14- 
 Items here given between 1907-8 and 1916-17. 
 
 otherwise no changes in 
 
CHAPTER XVI 
 
 TREND OF EARNINGS IN VARIOUS MANUFACTURING 
 
 INDUSTRIES IN THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 JANUARY, 1915, TO DECEMBER, 1917 
 
 For a considerable period the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 
 has collected and published monthly, in its Monthly Review, statistics as to 
 the number of persons employed and total amount of pay roll in certain 
 important manufacturing industries. Index numbers showing the varia- 
 tion in employment and pay roll totals in seven of these industries, by 
 months, from January, 1915, to August, 1917, were presented in the 
 October, 1917, number of the Review. These index numbers are repro- 
 duced in the table below, supplemented by similar index numbers for the 
 succeeding months to December, 1917, computed from data presented 
 in later numbers of the Review. 
 
 The seven industries for which data are given are boots and shoes, 
 cotton manufacturing, cotton finishing, woolen manufacturing, hosiery 
 and underwear, silk, and iron and steel. 
 
 The representative character of the data obtained by the Bureau from 
 these industries is indicated by the following statement of the number 
 of establishments, the number of employees, and total amount of pay 
 roll, for which information was secured in August, 1917 : 
 
 iNr-VSTFY 
 
 Establishments 
 reporting 
 
 Period of 
 pay yj'>\ 
 
 Number on 
 pay roll 
 
 Amount of 
 yay roll 
 
 
 68 
 52 
 13 
 56 
 4^ 
 34 
 109 
 
 1 week 
 1 week 
 1 week 
 1 week 
 
 1 week 
 
 2 weeks 
 ^ montli 
 
 55,062 
 40,542 
 10,165 
 29.448 
 39,754 
 9.727 
 206,604 
 
 $806,981 
 470,225 
 148,483 
 322,532 
 585,3 62 
 229,207 
 
 9 503,260 
 
 Cotton manufacturing 
 
 Cotton finishing 
 
 Hosiery and underwear 
 
 Silk 
 
 Iron and steel 
 
 The number of persons employed means, in each case, the number of 
 persons on the pay roll during the pay roll period reported upon. It is 
 thus not a true measure of actual employment, and the amount of the 
 pay roll divided by the number of persons on the pay roll does not repre- 
 sent true average earnings per indivdual. At the same time, the relation- 
 ship between these two items does show, in a rough way, the general 
 trend of earnings. 
 
 In the following table January, 1915, is taken as the starting point. 
 Employment and pay roll totals for that month are valued at 100 and 
 the data for succeeding months are shown in the form of percentage 
 increases or decreases upon this base. The third column of figures in 
 each industry group gives the per cent increase or decrease in per capita 
 earnings in that month over January, 1915. "Per capita earnings" is 
 determined by dividing the index for the amount of pay roll by the index 
 for the number of persons on the pay roll. 
 
 347 
 
348 
 
 EARNINGS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 
 
 INDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLL, 
 JANUARY, 1915, TO DECEMBER, 1917 
 
 (January, 1915 = 100) 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES 
 
 No. em- 
 ployees 
 
 on 
 pay roll 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 pay roll 
 
 Per cent 
 increase or de- 
 crease in per 
 capita earnings 
 over Jan. 1915 
 
 COTTON MANUFACTURING 
 
 No. em- 
 ployees 
 
 on 
 pay roll 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 pay roll 
 
 Per cent 
 
 increase or de- 
 crease in per 
 capita earnings 
 over Jan. 1915 
 
 1915 
 January. . . 
 February , 
 March . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June .... 
 
 July 
 
 August . . 
 September 
 October .. 
 November 
 December 
 
 1916 
 January. . . 
 February 
 March . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June .... 
 
 July 
 
 August . . 
 September 
 October . . 
 N'ovember 
 December 
 
 1917 
 January. . . 
 •February 
 March , . . 
 
 April 
 
 Itfay 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August . . 
 September 
 October . . 
 November 
 Decetnber 
 
 100 
 99 
 95 
 89 
 91 
 92 
 93 
 94 
 94 
 103 
 107 
 125 
 
 114 
 115 
 
 lis 
 
 113 
 111 
 113 
 114 
 113 
 112 
 112 
 117 
 122 
 
 123 
 123 
 122 
 119 
 118 
 120 
 U7 
 110 
 104 
 106 
 
 lis 
 
 115 
 
 300 
 96 
 88 
 76 
 82 
 89 
 91 
 95 
 95 
 111 
 120 
 129 
 
 125 
 123 
 125 
 120 
 123 
 127 
 125 
 123 
 122 
 123 
 ■ 141 
 156 
 
 157 
 159 
 1S6 
 145 
 152 
 165 
 153 
 153 
 151 
 152 
 171 
 203 
 
 - 3 
 
 - 7 
 -15 
 -10 
 
 - 3 
 
 - 2 
 1 
 1 
 8 
 
 12 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 29 
 28 
 22 
 29 
 38 
 31 
 39 
 45 
 43 
 49 
 77 
 
 100 
 100 
 101 
 101 
 102 
 101 
 101 
 100 
 99 
 100 
 101 
 101 
 
 99 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 98 
 
 98 
 
 98 
 
 99 
 
 101 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 99 
 99 
 99 
 99 
 97 
 96 
 96 
 98 
 99 
 
 100 
 104 
 107 
 105 
 106 
 101 
 101 
 102 
 103 
 96 
 101 
 100 
 
 102 
 110 
 111 
 113 
 118 
 117 
 114 
 114 
 116 
 111 
 117 
 125 
 
 123 
 125 
 127 
 124 
 129 
 137 
 137 
 131 
 135 
 137 
 155 
 163 
 
 3 
 10 
 11 
 13 
 18 
 17 
 14 
 16 
 18 
 13 
 18 
 24 
 
 23 
 25 
 27 
 25 
 30 
 38 
 38 
 35 
 41 
 43 
 58 
 65 
 
EARNINGS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 
 
 349 
 
 INDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLL, 
 JANUARY, 1915, TO DECEMBER, 1917 
 
 (January, 1915 = 100) 
 
 COTTON FINISHING 
 
 WOOLEN MANUFACTURING 
 
 No. em- 
 ployees 
 
 on 
 pay roll 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 pay roll 
 
 Per cent 
 increase or de- 
 crease in per 
 capita earnings 
 over Jan. 1915 
 
 No. em- 
 ployees 
 
 on 
 pay roll 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 pay roll 
 
 Per cent 
 increase or de- 
 crease in per 
 capita earnings 
 over Jan. 1915 
 
 1915 
 January. . . 
 February . 
 March . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August . . . 
 September 
 October .. 
 November 
 December 
 
 1916 
 January. . . 
 February 
 March . . . 
 April .... 
 
 May 
 
 June .... 
 
 July 
 
 August . . 
 September 
 October .. 
 November 
 December 
 
 1917 
 January. ., 
 February 
 March . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 .\ugust . . 
 September 
 October .. 
 November 
 December 
 
 100 
 111 
 
 108 
 110 
 110 
 102 
 109 
 106 
 106 
 111 
 122 
 
 lis 
 
 118 
 119 
 121 
 115 
 112 
 113 
 113 
 114 
 113 
 113 
 116 
 119 
 
 117 
 116 
 116 
 113 
 115 
 116 
 111 
 111 
 113 
 113 
 116 
 118 
 
 100 
 112 
 110 
 113 
 115 
 107 
 105 
 109 
 107 
 114 
 116 
 124 
 
 124 
 129 
 132 
 127 
 136 
 137 
 133 
 132 
 134 
 136 
 141 
 156 
 
 152 
 151 
 154 
 150 
 163 
 166 
 153 
 152 
 155 
 159 
 174 
 181 
 
 9 
 10 
 21 
 21 
 18 
 16 
 19 
 20 
 22 
 31 
 
 30 
 30 
 33 
 33 
 42 
 43 
 38 
 37 
 37 
 41 
 50 
 53 
 
 100 
 101 
 104 
 107 
 107 
 102 
 105 
 103 
 ,113 
 113 
 117 
 117 
 
 114 
 117 
 117 
 119 
 120 
 117 
 116 
 111 
 115 
 117 
 117 
 119 
 
 122 
 122 
 123 
 120 
 120 
 119 
 119 
 116 
 119 
 122 
 125 
 127 
 
 100 
 
 99 
 
 104 
 
 108 
 
 107 
 
 97 
 
 98 
 
 96 
 
 111 
 
 102 
 
 117 
 
 121 
 
 124 
 133 
 134 
 136 
 145 
 139 
 136 
 129 
 138 
 134 
 144 
 158 
 
 163 
 161 
 162 
 154 
 173 
 172 
 173 
 168 
 176 
 192 
 207 
 216 
 
 - 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 - 5 
 
 - 7 
 
 - 7 
 
 - 2 
 -10 
 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 14 
 15 
 14 
 21 
 19 
 17 
 16 
 20 
 15 
 23 
 33 
 
 34 
 32 
 33 
 28 
 44 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 48 
 57 
 66 
 70 
 
350 
 
 EARNINGS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 
 
 IXDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLL, 
 / JANUARY, 1915, TO DECEMBER, 1917 
 
 (January, 1915 = 100) 
 
 HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR 
 
 SILK 
 
 Xo. em- 
 ployees 
 
 on 
 pay roll 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 pay roll 
 
 Per cent 
 increase or de- 
 crease in per 
 capita earnings 
 over Jan. 1915 
 
 No. em- 
 ployees 
 
 on 
 pay roll 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 pay roll 
 
 Per cent 
 increase or de- 
 crease in per 
 capita earnings 
 over Jan. 1915 
 
 1915 
 January. . . 
 February . 
 March . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June . . . . , 
 
 July 
 
 August . . , 
 September 
 October . . 
 November 
 December 
 
 1916 
 January. . . 
 February 
 March . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June . . . . , 
 July .... 
 August . . 
 Septf^mber 
 October . . 
 November 
 December 
 
 1917 
 January. . . 
 February 
 March . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 Tune .... 
 
 July 
 
 August . . 
 Spptember 
 October . . 
 November 
 Decemher 
 
 100 
 105 
 105 
 108 
 110 
 112 
 110 
 108 
 113 
 114 
 116 
 119 
 
 115 
 116 
 118 
 120 
 121 
 120 
 119 
 117 
 119 
 121 
 123 
 124 
 
 123 
 124 
 125 
 122 
 124 
 123 
 121 
 119 
 120 
 122 
 1^2 
 125 
 
 100 
 106 
 111 
 112 
 118 
 122 
 118 
 118 
 117 
 129 
 132 
 138 
 
 132 
 138 
 142 
 142 
 146 
 144 
 135 
 134 
 142 
 147 
 ]':6 
 164 
 
 160 
 158 
 164 
 154 
 166 
 169 
 166 
 161 
 166 
 176 
 190 
 196 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 19 
 20 
 IS 
 21 
 20 
 13 
 15 
 19 
 21 
 77 
 32 
 
 30 
 37 
 31 
 26 
 34 
 37 
 37 
 3 5 
 38 
 44 
 56 
 57 
 
 100 
 
 102 
 
 102 
 
 99 
 
 99 
 
 98 
 
 97 
 
 100 
 
 101 
 
 103 
 
 106 
 
 108 
 
 109 
 107 
 109 
 110 
 109 
 110 
 110 
 109 
 ino 
 109 
 107 
 109 
 
 109 
 
 108 
 
 107 
 
 106 
 
 104 
 
 102 
 
 102 
 
 100 
 
 98 
 
 96 
 
 97 
 
 96 
 
 100 
 108 
 110 
 102 
 105 
 102 
 103 
 104 
 104 
 113 
 121 
 121 
 
 120 
 126 
 131 
 130 
 130 
 133 
 120 
 124 
 125 
 131 
 129 
 135 
 
 134 
 137 
 142 
 138 
 141 
 136 
 1?8 
 128 
 128 
 134 
 134 
 134 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 ,18 
 20 
 18 
 19 
 21 
 9 
 14 
 15 
 20 
 21 
 24 
 
 23 
 27 
 33 
 30 
 36 
 33 
 c"; 
 28 
 31 
 40 
 
EARNINGS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 
 
 351 
 
 INDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOVMEXT AND PAY ROLL, 
 JANUARY. 1915, TO DECEMBER, 1917 
 
 (January, 1915 = 100) 
 
 1915 
 January. . . 
 February . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August . . . 
 September 
 October . . , 
 November 
 December 
 
 1916 
 January. . . 
 February 
 March . . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August . . . 
 September 
 October . . . 
 N'ov ember 
 December 
 
 1917 
 January. . . 
 February . 
 March . . . . 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June . . . . 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 September 
 October . . . 
 November 
 December 
 
 IRON AND STEEL 
 
 No. em- 
 ployees 
 on 
 j pay roll 
 
 100 
 96 
 104 
 108 
 111 
 115 
 117 
 121 
 125 
 130 
 131 
 130 
 
 164 
 165 
 168 
 167 
 172 
 173 
 175 
 180 
 179 
 182 
 182 
 182 
 
 Amount 
 
 of 
 pay roll 
 
 100 
 106 
 116 
 122 
 120 
 132 
 121 
 135 
 140 
 147 
 159 
 164 
 
 Per cent 
 increase or de- 
 crease in per 
 capita earnings 
 over Jan. 1915 
 
 135 
 
 162 
 
 20 
 
 138 
 
 184 
 
 33 
 
 141 
 
 186 
 
 32 
 
 141 
 
 186 
 
 32 
 
 146 
 
 204 
 
 40 
 
 147 
 
 207 
 
 41 
 
 149 
 
 181 
 
 21 
 
 152 
 
 203 
 
 34 
 
 155 
 
 211 
 
 36 
 
 155 
 
 219 
 
 41 
 
 158 
 
 224 
 
 43 
 
 160 
 
 234 
 
 46 
 
 246 
 242 
 257 
 241 
 286 
 286 
 267 
 296 
 290 
 342 
 346 
 335 
 
 10 
 12 
 13 
 
 S 
 15 
 
 3 
 12 
 12 
 13 
 21 
 26 
 
 50 
 47 
 53 
 44 
 66 
 65 
 53 
 64 
 62 
 88 
 90 
 84 
 
CHAPTER XVII 
 
 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING 
 INDUSTRIES IN NEW YORK STATE, 1914-1917 
 
 The Bureau of Statistics and Information of the New York Indus- 
 trial Commission publishes monthly in its Bulletin statistics showing 
 the average weckl}- earnings of employees in the manufacturing indus- 
 tries of that State. These figures are based upon returns from em- 
 ployers giving total employment and total payrolls in their respective 
 establishments. As indicating the comprehensive character of the data 
 shown, the Bulletin states that returns were made by 1,648 representa- 
 tive firms with over 600,000 employees, or more than one-third of the 
 factory workers in the State, and a weekly payroll of over $10,000,000. 
 
 These data regarding average weekly earnings are available from 
 June, 1914, to November, 1917. They are reproduced in the table be- 
 low, together with percentage figures showing the increase or decrease of 
 average weekly earnings for each month as compared with June, 1914. 
 
 The earnings of an employee are, of course, dependent upon the 
 amount of time worked. With the increased activity in many lines of 
 industry during the past two years, the average ' earnings per worker 
 would lend to increase because of longer hours worked. The influence 
 of this factor, however, is apparently much less than has usually been 
 supposed. Mr. Leonard W. Hatch, chief statistician of the New York 
 Bureau of Statistics and Information, estimates that the hours of labor 
 for the employees covered in the table below increased, for certain 
 trades at least, less than 2 per cent between 1915 and 1917. This esti- 
 mate was made after a special study of the working hours in certain 
 plants. The method used and the results obtained are described by 
 Mr. Hatch as follows : 
 
 "We took 249 firms in the metals industry group for which we could 
 secure data in the inspection records and tabulated the hours as re- 
 ported at various periods in the year ended September 30, 1915, and in 
 the calendar year 1917. These firms were all outside of New York 
 City. They had 106,274 employees in November, 1914, and 189,085 in 
 November, 1917. The average weekly hours in the 1915 year were 
 53.57 and in 1917 they were 54.33 or an increase of 1.4 per cent. 
 
 "The average weekly earnings in these firms in November, 1914, 
 were $14.01 and in November, 1917, were $21.39, an increase of 52.68 
 per cent. Using the weekly hours as above for divisors, the average 
 earnings per hour in those two months figure out at $0.2614 and 
 $0.3937, an increase of 50.6 per cent. 
 
 "You will see that this tabulation indicates that changes m hours 
 schedules were but a very small element in the increase of weekly earn- 
 ings, surprisingly small in fact. We do not feel sure that the records 
 of hours made by the factory inspectors (such records being only inci- 
 
 353 
 
354 
 
 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN NEW YORK STATE 
 
 dental to their principal work) show exactly the whole effect of the 
 time element. But they are believed to be close enough to warrant the 
 conclusion that change in working time has been a very minor element 
 in the increase in average weekly earnings." 
 
 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN 
 NEW FORK STATE 
 
 Average Weekly 
 
 or Decrease ( — ) 
 
 Earnings 
 
 Over June, 1914 
 
 $12.70 
 
 
 12.54 
 
 — i.3 
 
 12.53 
 
 — 1.3 
 
 12.48 
 
 — 1.7 
 
 12.26 
 
 — 3.5 
 
 12.32 
 
 — 3.0 
 
 12.56 
 
 — 1.1 
 
 12.44 
 
 — 2.0 
 
 12.41 
 
 — 2.3 
 
 12.65 
 
 — .4 
 
 12.54 
 
 — 1.3 
 
 12.74 
 
 .3 
 
 12.81 
 
 .9 
 
 12.66 
 
 — .3 
 
 12.89 
 
 1.5 
 
 12.86 
 
 1.3 
 
 13.30 
 
 4.7 
 
 13.45 
 
 5.9 
 
 13.49 
 
 6.2 
 
 13.49 
 
 6.2 
 
 13.64 
 
 7.4 
 
 13.89 
 
 9.4 
 
 14.12 
 
 11.2 
 
 14.29 
 
 12.5 
 
 14.43 
 
 13.6 
 
 14.07 
 
 10.8 
 
 14.46 
 
 13.9 
 
 14.86 
 
 17.0 
 
 14.93 
 
 17.6 
 
 15.17 
 
 19.4 
 
 15.53 
 
 22.3 
 
 15.28 
 
 20.3 
 
 15.31 
 
 20.6 
 
 15.79 
 
 24.3 
 
 15.50 
 
 22.0 
 
 16.15 
 
 27.2 
 
 16.20 
 
 27.6 
 
 16.17 
 
 27.3 
 
 16.44 
 
 -29.4 
 
 16.97 
 
 33.6 
 
 17.33 
 
 36.5 
 
 17.69 
 
 39.3 
 
 1914— 
 
 June . . . . 
 
 July . ... 
 August . . 
 September 
 October . 
 November 
 December 
 
 1915— 
 
 January . 
 February 
 March . . 
 April 
 
 May . . . . 
 June . . . . 
 July . ... 
 August . . 
 September 
 October . 
 November 
 December 
 
 1916— 
 
 January . 
 February 
 March . . 
 April . ,. . 
 May 
 
 June . . . . 
 July . ... 
 August . . 
 September 
 October . 
 November 
 December 
 
 1917— 
 
 January . 
 February . 
 March . . 
 April . .. . 
 May . ... 
 June . . . . 
 July . ... 
 August . . 
 September 
 October . 
 November 
 
CHAPTER XVIII 
 
 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS OF INJURED PERSONS 
 IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913-1917 
 
 In each accident report received by the Massachusetts Industrial Acci- 
 dent Board, under the workmen's compensation law of that State, there 
 is required a statement of the weekly wage of the person injured. Accu- 
 racy in this matter is insisted on, as the amount of compensation is based 
 upon the wage received. 
 
 The following table gives the average (median) weekly wage of all 
 the injured persons thus reported upon for the 5 years ( ending June 30 
 in each case) from 1913 to 1917. The data for 1912 to 1915 appear in 
 the published reports of the Board; those for 1916 and 1917 were fur- 
 nished through the courtesy of the Board from data not yet published. 
 The method of computing the averages here used is explained in a later 
 paragraph. 
 
 .V\'ER.VGE WEEKLY W .\r,K (MlCniAX) IX MA.SS.\CHfSETTS .\S SlIOWX OX 
 .\CCII1EXT REPORTS TO INDUSTRIAL ACCTDEXT BOARD 
 
 Year ending 
 June 30 
 
 Number of , Average 
 accidents ' we' kly wage 
 
 Relative 
 (year ending Percentage of 
 June 30, 1913 increase, 1917 
 =100) over 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 89,694 $11.70 
 96,382 11.81 
 94,597 11.89 
 67.717 12.09 
 60,283 14.00 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.9 .9 
 101.6 1.6 
 103.3 3.3 
 
 1914 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 
 
 The weekly wage used in the above table could not be determined 
 with complete accuracy, as the data are tabulated in the reports of the 
 Board by classified wage groups and not by averages. Thus the last 
 published report (1916) presents these data in the following form: 
 
 355 
 
356 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS ACCIDENT RECORDS. 
 
 UJSTKinUTION OF NON-FATAL ACCIDENTS BY WAGE GROUPS 
 (From Third Annual Report of Massachusetts Industrial Accident Board, 1916, p. 57) 
 
 Wage Groups 
 
 $C.OO and 1 ss . . 
 
 6.01 10 $7.00..., 
 
 7.01 to 8.00 
 
 8.01 to 9.00... 
 
 9.01 to 10.00 
 
 10.01 to 11.00 
 
 11.01 to 12.00 
 
 12.01 to 13.00 
 
 13.01 to 14.00.... 
 
 14.01 to 15.00 
 
 15.01 to 16«00 
 
 16.01 to 17.00 
 
 17.01 to 18.00'.... 
 
 18.01 to 19.00 
 
 19.01 to 20.00 
 
 20.01 to 21.00 
 
 21.01 to 22.00 
 
 22.01 to 23.00 
 
 23.01 10 24.0ff7... 
 
 24.01 to 25.00 
 
 Over $25.00 . . . . 
 
 Total 
 
 First Year 
 
 Second Year 
 
 Third Year 
 
 )• 16,620 
 
 ^53,377 
 
 ^3,627 
 
 6,070 
 
 89,694 
 
 5,1711 
 
 3,268 ;• 13,911; 
 S,468J 
 
 7,941 
 7,569 
 8,471 
 12,668 ;-57,176 
 
 -17,712 
 
 1,8071 
 1,022 
 496 [ 7,587 
 
 -"842- 
 
 1,272 I 
 2,148J 
 
 4,579'! 
 
 3,1)40 ,UJ,S17 
 5,228J 
 
 7,809"! 
 7,283 I 
 8,072 
 
 12,748 S-56,078 
 4,410 
 7,843 
 7,913 
 
 3,490"! 
 
 3,932 
 
 5,28S y 17,212 
 
 1,556 
 
 2,949J 
 
 1,833"! 
 1,139 
 523 
 - 856' 
 1,438 
 2,671 J 
 
 8,460 
 
 96,382 
 
 94,597 
 
 In deriving an average or median wage from the above figures, the 
 s\stem used was that of finding in which classified wage group the 
 median falls and then estimating its approximate location within the 
 limits of the group. Thus in the "third year" column of the above table 
 there is a total of 94,597 cases. The median case would thus be one-half 
 of this, or 47,299. As the sum of all the cases preceding the 
 "$11.01-$12.00" group is 36,011, and the $11.01-$12.00 wage group in- 
 cludes 12,748 cases, the median would thus occur in this group. Assuming 
 that the 12,748 cases in this group are equally distributed between its 
 
 11 288 
 limits of $11.01 and $12.00, then the median would fall at a point ~ 
 
 r , ,• , 12,748 
 
 of the distance between $11.01 and $12.00. This would be $11.89. 
 
 An average or median computed in such a way is of course no more 
 than an approximation, but when the same method of computation is 
 used for the different years, the results are sufiSciently accurate for the 
 purposes in view. 
 
Cornell University Library 
 HD 4975.H3 
 
 Wages and the war; a summary of recent wa 
 
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