^i^m f^z(c:' i\ Q.u A. Date Due D^.e«4U;«4886: ALBE y- New Yoi Agriculture Library Bureau Cat. No. 1137 Cornell University a(M Cornell University Library S 419.H16 1906 The date book history of live stock and 3 1924 000 880 603 r'/lO^^A t/vv (_\V ,.j..j.,i.***********+*+*+*"*'*******+**+****'f ****•*"»•++•«•+*•*' **♦+♦♦***■** ^,^07f5r Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000880603 Copyright, 1906, THE' HALE PUBLISHING' CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. ■■"„' The DATE BOOK HISTORY —Of— LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. Fourth Edition — Issued January, 1907. EDITED BY PHILIP H. HALE.— COPYRIGHT BY THE HALE PUBLISHING CO. "If History without Chronology is darlc and confused, Chroftology without History is dry and insipid.". — A. Holmes. THE EARTH AND THE FULLNESS THEREOF." A variety of products from ^an ordinary farm in the center of the United States. Ye^r. 4004 B. C— "And God said: "Let there be light; and there was light." The crea- tion, of the world. 4004 B. C— "And God made the be:;st of the earth after his kind and cattle after kind, and everything that creapeth upon the earth after His kind, and God said that it was good." 4003 B. C. — "Abel was a keeper of sheep, and Cain was a tiller of the ground," Year. 3500 B. C. — According to archaeologists, horses were domesticated in Babylonia and' the country now known as Asia Minor at a very early period. Actual date is uncertain within a few hundred years, and the information is obtained from the characters appearing on the ruins of ancient buildings. 2700 B. C. — At this early day certain cereal and forage grasses now classed as' millets formed one of the chief sources of Tl^IB DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. food in China. The Chinese also claim that wheat was used as food by them at the same period, which was considered by the Chinese as a direct gift from Heaven. 2349 B. C. — According to the Scriptures, Noah entered the ark, talcing with him of clean beasts, by sevens, the male and his female, and of beasts that are un- clean, by two, the male and his female, and of the fowls of the air, by sevens, the male and the female. 2000 B. C. — The Date Palm had already become a well-known fruit tree at this time. 2000 to 1400 B. C. — Hindoos Interested in cattle raising- valued their cows ac- cording to the yield of butter. 1918 B. C. — "And Abraham was very rich in cattle, in silver and in gold." 1898 B. C. — Abimilech gave many valu- able presents to Abraham, such as oxen, sheep, she-asses and he-asses, but no mention is made of horses or swine. FAT-RUMPBD SHEEP.— According to the earliest authentic accounts, the flocks of the patriarchal shepherds were of the fat-rumped breed. This is particularly an Asiatic sheep and found -in . Palestine in larger numbers than any other breed. It is also found in purest strain in the great Tartary of Russia. It Is known as the largest breed of the unimproved sheep. The illustration is from a book entitled "The American Shepherd," edited in 1846 by L. A. Morrell. Several other illustra- tions are from the same volume. 1746 B. C. — Jacob was the first to recog- nize live stock breeding as a possibility. He bred streaked, speckled and spotted cattle and mated the strong with the strong for his own purposes. He also made the first known contract for run- ning stock on shares, which resulted in his getting the best and largest share. 1715 B. C. — Commencement, of the seven years of abundance in Egypt, followed by seven-years' famine, as foretold by Joseph to Pharaoh. "And Joseph gathered com as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number." 1700 B. C — Joseph gave the Egyptians bread in exchange for horses. First men- tion of the horse in the Scriptures. 1450 B. C. — Thothmes, III., greatest of the Egyptian kings, left a papyrus record of his conquest of Mesopotamia, in Asia, and priding himself upon obtaining the racing horse and introducing him into Egypt. 1400 B. C. — Fowls, the oldest recorded of our domestic animals, were introduced into China about this time. An ancient Chinese 'authority says: "Fowls are crea- tures of the West." The common fowl IS supposed to have sprung from the wild jungle cock in the Bast indies. 1020 B. C— King David of Israel was a great ranchman, as evidenced by his own words: "For every beast of the forest is mine and cattle upon a thousand hills." 1015 B. C— King David said: "Take with you the servants of your Lord and cause Solomon, my son, to ride upon mine own mule." 1014 B. C— "And Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots and twelve thousand horsemen; barley also, and straw for their horses, and dromedaries brought they also into the place where the officers were." 1014 B. C. — "And Solomon's provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour and three score measures of fipe meal, ten fat oxen and twenty oxen out of th^ pastures and an hundred sheep, be- sides harts, roebucks, fallow deer and fatted fowl." King Solomon's life re- cords the first stall-fed cattle and fatted poultry. 1000 B. C. — "Better a dinner of herbs where love is than a stalled ox and hatred therewith." From the Proverbs of Sol- omon. 900 B. C. — The poet Homer flourished about this time. In his Odyssey he says: "He next betakes- him to his evening cares. And, sitting down, to milk his ewes pre- pares ; Of half their udders .eases first the dams, •Then to their mothers' teats submits the lambs. Half the white stream to hardening cheese he pressed. And high in wicker baskets heaped; the rest Reserved in bowls, supplied the mighty feast." THE FAT-TAILED SHEEP ered as a Persian production, pure breed found throughout Asia and a part of Africa. They are herded upon the open country. The carpets and rugs for which Persia is famous are manu- factured from the wool of these sheep. 896 B. C— "And Mesha, King of Moab, was a sheepmaster and rendered unto the King of Israel one hundred thousand lambs and an hundred thousand rams with the wool.'-' 708 B. C. — The Grecian colony of Tar- entlne, in Italy, established a breed of fine-wool sheep, Imported there from Asia Minor. 680 B. C. — The horse was introduced Into the arena by the Greeks in the twenty-third Olympiad and the birth of horse racing may be fixed at this time. In the beginning the horses were ridden and the contests were over a distance of four miles; later, in the twenty-fifth Olympiad, chariots were introduced. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 600 B. C. — Angora goats known to exist at Angora,. Asia Minor. 550 B. C. — Clncinnatus, Roman patri- cian, called from his farm to the dictator- ship of Rome in order to save the state; He succeeded in bringing peace to his country, and then returned to his farm. 510 B. C. — Darius, one of the Persian Chiefs, who had succeeded in dethroning the usurper, the false Smerdis, was elected King of Persia. It appeared that the Chiefs agreed to meet early one morning on horseback and to bestow the crown upon the one whose horse neighed first after sunrise. It appears that the groom of Darius apprised of this project, led his master's horse in the night with a mare to the appointed place, and in con- sequence of this stratagem the horse of Darius neighed loud and long when the Chiefs were assembled. Darius was then saluted as King and the people approved their choice. 450 B. C. — Butter used by the Scythians, the people inhabiting the country near the Black and Caspian seas. 400 B. C. — About this year Xenophon, a Greek historian and soldier, wrote a de- scription of a good horse and giving in- structions how one may be the least de- ceived in the purchase of horses. 384 B. C. — Aristotle taught that in man and the higher animals the blood was elaborated from the food in the liver, thence carried to the heart and by this organ through the veins over the body. 340 B. C. — Theophrastus, Greek philos- opher, one of the first to study plant growing. He preserved the writings of Aristotle. He spoke of the productions of old pear trees. 312 B. C. — The Appian Way the "Queen of Roads," extending 350 miles from Rome to i-rundisium, was begun this year by Caesar Appius Claudius. It has borne the traffic of 2,000 years without material injury. 149 B. C. — Cato, the Censor, Roman citi- zen, died in this year. He gave to the world the most minute particulars re- garding the management of the slaves on his large oabine farm, also all the details of husbandry, from the plowing to the reaping and thrashing of the crop. 80 B. C. — ^Fine-wool sheep of Spain spoken of by the historian Strabo. TO B. C. — According to the naturalist, Pliny, the common cherry tree was intro- duced into Italy by the Roman soldier LucuUus from Cerasus, in Pontus, Asia Minor, about this time. 60 B. C. — Butter first used by the Por- tuguese. ' 40 B. C. — Virgil mentions pears vi?hich he received from Cato. 40 B. C. — In the Gecrglos, a poem writ- ten about this time and which is the best known of the ancient works on agricult- ure, Virgil, the poet, advises husbandmen to "bring down the waters of a river upon the sown corn, and when the field is parched and the plants drying, convey it from the brow of a hill In channels." This is the first writing on irrigation. 27 B. C. — In this year the Romans under the Emperor Agripna built the famous Pantheon of concrete. This building is still standing, and the splendid dome, 142 feet in span, is one of the sights of the Imperial City. The modern use of con- crete in the construction of farm build- ings is the reason this item appears in The Date Book. 40 A. D.T-An interesting and valuable item appeared in the "Acta Diurna," a record kept in Rome during the reign of the Emperor Caligula and reproduced later by Petronis Arbiter in his work entitled "The Supper of Trimalchio." It seems that Trimalchio was a farmer near Cumae, in Italy, and it appears that his farm occupied an immense extent of ter- ritory. The work referred to says: "On June 25th, on Trimalchio's farm by Cumae, were born seventy children, of whom thirty-six were or the male sex. The same day fifty thousand modii of wheat (about one thousand gallons measure) were removed from the thrash- ing fioor to the granaries; five hundred young oxen were broken. The same day one of the slaves, named Mithridates, was executed by crucifixion, because he had cursed the sacred name of the em- peror, and lastly ten millions of sesterces about four hundred thousand dollars) were deposited in the safe." 50 A. D. — ^About this time Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella, a Roman citizen, wrote twelve books on agriculture, one of which on gardening, entitled De Re Rus- tica, is in verse. His works are still extant, translations being available. 50 A. D. — A supposed improved variety of cherry was introduced in Britain about the middle of the first century. 51 A. D. — In the reign of Emperor Clau- dius, Columella, a distinguished agricult- urist, introduced many of the Tarentlne breed of sheep from Italy into Spain, which country was under Roman do- minion at that time. He also was a general improver of sheep and became the principal originator of an immense , fine- wool sheep husbandry, which through Spain has enriched three continents — Europe, American and Australia. 64 A. D. — Poppaea Sabina, wife of Nero, Emperor of the Roman?, is reported to have paid a sum equal to American four cents a quart for asses' milk to bathe in. 75 A. D.— In Pompeii, an ancient city of Naples, afterwards destroyed by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius, it is stated that a six-ounce loaf of wheat bread cost a sum equal to three cents of the present day. 77 — Pliny, the Elder, Roman author, born A.D. 23, left a work entitled "Natural History." In his writings there is the first account of a machine for reaping grain. He says: "In the extensive fields in the lowlands of Gaul, vans of large size, with projecting teeth on the edge, are driven on two wheels through the < standing grain by an ox in a reversed position; in this manner the ears are torn off and thrown into the van." 280 A. D. — It is generally believed that about this time Emperor Probus encour- aged the planting of vineyards in' Britain. 325 — Included in the writings which assert that Egypt, Nubia, Assyria and Persia all had horses before Arabia, is the assertion that the Roman Emperor Constantino presented the Arab Sheiks of the tribe called Yemen with 200 well- bred horses from Cappadocia, in Asia Minor. Constantine died in the year 337. 732 — The battle of Tours, in which Charles Martel defeated the Saracens, is considered as contributing to the estab- lishment of horse breeding in La Perche and Normandy. On distribution of the spoils of war many Saracen horses went to these provinces, where they were crossed upon the mares of Brittany, and on the luxuriant pasturage developed a draft horse of great excellence, the Per- cheron horse of France. 835 — King Alfred the Great of England encamped his army near London to pro- tect the harvest reapers while gathering their crops against excursions of the Danes. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 936 — About this time, according to Whyte, in his History of the British Turf, the earliest mention of race horses in England, called running horses in those days, was when Hugh Capet, founder of the royal house-of that name in France, sent horses as a present to King Athels- tane, whose sister, Bthelswitha, he was soliciting in marriage. 1016 — Poitou Jacks of France mentioned in literature. 1040 Cabout) — First windmills erected in Europe. 1066 — Horse shoeing was introduced into England from Normandy by William the Conqueror. llOO^The Japanese court ladies as early as this date prepared a favorite perfume from the Ramanas rose. 1150 (about) — Cotswold sheep imported into England from Spain. This is not quite authentic. A century later Cots- wolds were a well-known breed in Eng- land. 1150 — Smithfield, in the center of Lon- don, first mentioned ,as a lii^e cattle market. 1158 — In the accounts of the British government of- 1158-9 occur mention of payments to the vine dressers of Windsor. It appears also that the gardens at Windsor were enclosed by a ditch. 1165 — The earliest drawing or view of a monastic garden in England was that of Canterbury, and was drawn by the En- gineer Wibert. It is now preserved in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. The plan records the trees and vines, fish ponds, etc. 1175 — ^Barly evidence of the existence of orchards is a Bull of Pope Alexander, III., issued in this year, confiscating the property of the monks of Winchenley, in Gloucestershire, England, with the "town of Swiring and all its orchards." 11S5 — The manufacture of wool first mentioned in England. 1199 — King John of England encouraged horse breeding by importing Flemish stallions — origin of English draft horse. 1236 — At this time a hen in Paris was generally sold for an amount equal to American two cents. 1249 — A Scottish history mentions black fGalloway) cattle as being reared in great numbers. 1259 — Henry III. of England made ex- tensive alterations at the palace of West- minster, and among payments to carpen- ters and other workmen was an item of payment to laborers for "leveling the area of the garden with a roller." 1274 — In this year, in "Venice, it is re- corded that a pig sold for the equivalent of fifty cents in American money. 1290 — The first importation of oranges into England in a cargo of assorted fruit from Spain. 1292 — The onlv kind of apple specially noticed in England at this time was the "Costard." This variety has been pre- served in historv by the word "Coster- monger," the name by which the sellers of this fruit were known. The Costard apple was the most popular for several centuries, The Regul pear and the Cal- luewell pear were also early fruits. 1305 — ^In the time of Edward I., King of England, the "axire" as a land measure was reduced to a standard. 1317 — ^According to the -New Interna- tional Encyclopedia, in August of this year, in England, wheat was twelve times as high in price as in the following Sep- tember. It was a period of alternations of indolence and bustle, of feasting and ,semi- starvation. Bye was the breadstuff of the peasantry. Little manure was used. Oxen, not horses, were used for teams. 1327— Edward JIL, in order to improve th^ breed of horses, prohibited ejiporta- lion. 1340 — First "worsted" manufactured at Worsted, in Norfolk, England. Worsted is spun wool manufactured into cloth. 1346 — First , authorization in England for the erection of toll-gates under King Edward III. 1369 — About the earliest account books of farming operations were kept and pre- served at the Norwich Priory and Abing- don Abbey, in England. These accounts show the receipts and expenses of the garden operations but not the' plants that were grown or the processes of cultiva- tion. ■1380 (about)— Richard II., King of England, compelled horse dealers, to limit their prices to a fixed maximum. 1402 — Sir William Clopton, an English, man, granted to J'homas Smyth a piece of ground, called Dokmedwe, in Hous- tede, for the annual payment of a rose to Sir William and his heirs, the demand for roses being so great in tnose days, that bushels were frequently paid by vasijals to their lords, both in England and France. , 1430— In. this year it is said that Eng- land imported raw cotton from ■ the Levant, which includes Egypt, Asia Minor, islands and countries east of Italy, in or bordering on the Mediter- ranean Sea. It was then named cotton wool. 1449 — ^In England the tenant was for the fii'st time secured in possession, during term of lease, against a buyer ot the land. 1467 — Permission granted by King Henry IV. of England to export a, few Cotswold sheep to Spain. 1469 — In England the tenant farmer was first protected from having his prop- erty carried off for the landlord's debts, beyond the amount of rent due. 1472 — In this year in Venice, Jensen,, a publisher, printed the existing works of Columella on agricultural subjects which w4re written in the first century. 1485 — Previous to the reign of Henry VII., King of England, which began . in this year, there did not grow in that cbuntry any vegetable or eatable root, such as carrot, parsnip, cabbage, etc. 148S — In England a law was passed to E.top laying arable land to pasture and sujiering farm houses to fall to ruin. Owners were required to till a portion of the soil and keep the farm houses in repair. . 1493 — Sheep of' Spanish origin brought tc the United States by Christopher Columbu?. 1493 — First cattle introduced into America by Columbus from the West India Islands. 1193— Hogs brought over by Christoiiher Columbus on his second voyage, landing at Hispanola. 1493 — ^Indian corn (maize) first taken to Europe. 1494 — In this yeSr Henry the Seventh, King of England, passed a la-w that no one should export a horse or mare, or carry it beyond sea except for his own use. With this exception, that any mare of three years old and upwards, , whose price was not above six shillings and eight pence, might be exported; the owner, however, was compelled to sell her at the port to any person who should pay him seven shillings, THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRtCULTtTEE. 7 The BOOK of LIVE STOCK CHAMPIONS. The Most Valuable Live Stock Publication Ever Issued. An Elegant Cloth- bound Book. 240 Pages. Pages Magazine Size. CONTAINS 500 OF THE FINEST ENGRAVINGS OF FAMOUS ANIMALS. DAN PATCH, 1:55% — King of harness horses. One of 500 pictures in The Boole of Live Stock Champions. THE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK CHAM- PIONS. Special Offer of the Complete, Cloth-bound, Cp-to-Date Edition, With Two-years' Sub- scription to The National Farmer and Stock Urower. This great work was first published in March, 1903, a paper-covered vorume of 126 pages, containing 250 pictures. It was enlarged in 1904 to a volume of 190 pages, containing 400 elegant pict- ures. The present enlargement makes it a volume of 240 Pages, weighing 24 ounces, containing 500 Half-tone Pictures. Every picture in The Book of Livfi Stock Champions represents a cham- pion in domestic live stoak. There are flrst-prlze, sweepstake and champion- ship winners at State, National and International Fairs and. Expositions. The pictures include every breed of dairy, beef and general-purpose cattle; running, trotting, pacing, jumping, coach and draft horses and ponies; fat swine and individual champions of every breed of sheep; also famous Angora goats. The photographs bring back recol- Address, The Hale Publishing Co., - lections of the Chicago Columbian and Pan-American Expositions, the Louis- iana Purchase Exposition, the Chicago International and the prliicipal State Fairs on this continent. There is not a second-class animal or inferior picture in the book. Every animal is a record-maker, record- breaker, famous sire; mother of cham- pions, or winner on the turf or in the prize ring. Every picture is placed in the book without any charge whatever. No amount of money would buy a place in the book for an inferior animal, and the pictures of champions have to be worthy of the animals, or they are rejected. This beautiful work is a Souvenir Supplement to The National Farmer and Stock Grower, and cannot be pur- chased in any other way. Anyone who will send In One Dollar to this office by mail will be credited with any arrears now due and with two-years' subscrip- tion to The National Farmer and Stock Grower, and a copy of the complete, cloth-bound, up-to-date Book of Live Stock Champions will be sent by mall, postpaid. 3550 Vista Avenue, - St. Louis, Mq, THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1500 (about) — In reign ol Henry VII., gelding or castrating horses first prac- ticed in England. 1509 — The common garden or. bush bean first cultivated in England. ].')20 — Hops first cultivated in England. 1521 — Cortes, Spanish commander, en- tering Anahuac, the Aztec capital of Mexico, discovered buffalo In the menag- erie of the king, Montezuma. 1522 — Rice culture successful in I.om- bardy. Northern Italy. 1523 — In a letter ?7vitten to friends In Europe, Alejandro Geraldine, then Bishop of Santo IJoraingo. mentions turkeys. He is regarded as the first author who refers to this fowl. 1524 — ^According to C. L. Bonaparte, in his Natural History of Birds, turkeys arrived in England in this year from Spain. Although turkeys were originally from the American islands and continent, the English supposed or were told the birds were originally from Turkey, which gave them a satisfactory name, although they were not entitled to it. At this time all commerce between America and Europe was with Spaii^. 1524 — The apricot introduced into Eng- land by Wbolf, the gardener to King Henry VIII. 1525 (about) — Spaniards exported the first cattle from the West Indies into Old Mexico. 1527 — Florida the first part of the main ^ land of the LTnited States to receive horses from the Spaniards. 1530 (about) — Salads, carrots .and other edible roots first produced in England. 1530^The strawberry introduced, into England from Flanders. 1533 — Richard Harris, an English fruit grower, in service of King Henry VIII., planted many apple orchards in the county of Kent, near London. 1534 — In England, owing to large num- bers of sheep h.aving come into few per- sons' hands, a penalty was imposed on all who kept above 2,000 sheep. 1534 — The Book of Husbandr.v printed. First and best of early English works on Agriculture; ascribed to Fitzherbert, a Judge in the reign of Henry VIII. 153-1 — Extract from Book of Husbandry: "And bycause that shepe In myne opyn- yon is the mooste profytableat cattell that any man can haue, therefore I pourpose to speake fyrst of shepe." 1534 — Quotation from the Book of Hus- bandry published in this year: "A house- bande cannot thryve by his come without cattell, nor by liis cattell without corne." 1535 — In this year, when the French navigator Cartier visited the country which Is now called Montreal, he found the town wp-s situated in the midst of extensive corn fields. 1535 — Captain Jacques Cartier, French navigator and explorer, in his visit to the St. Lawrence river, saw and admired the wild plum trees of North America. 1535 — King Henry Till, of England had laws passed for selection and mating for the Improvement of horses and to elimi- nate scrubs. 1C40 — Beginning In April, Ffancisco Vasquez de Coronado, the Spanish ex- plorer, penetrated to the country adjacent to the Little Colorado, where he found maize, Guinea cocks and peas in posses- sion of the natives. 1541 — In the record of the travels of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in the territory now comprised in the state of Kansas, he said: "All that way the plains are as full of crooked-back oxen (buffalo) as the Mountain of Serena in Spain is of sheep." 1542— At Barcelona, Spain, in this year, a recorded price for eggs was equal to twelve (Jents a hundred. 1542— A plant named Shorghi (modern sorghum) described by Fuchius. of Bel- gium, author of History of Plants. 1547_In reign of Edward VI., King of England, exportation of horses to Scot- land was prohibited. 1548 — The common jasmine (J. offi- cinale) introduced into England from the East. 1550 (about) — The origin of the Damask rose is unknown, but it was In- troduced into Europe from Asia Minor some time in the sixteenth century, and about this year. 1550— The peach, which is a native of Persia, was considerably cultivated in Britain about this time. 1550 'about) — De Re Ruatica, first work on Agriculture, published by Conradus Heresbachius, being translation of ancient work by Columella. 1550— In this year Evliya Eftendi, a Turk, wrote a description of the Angora goat. 1551 — Konrad von Gessner, an eminent Swiss naturalist, established a garden of fruits and flowers. He published a his- tory of annuals and classification of plants. 1552 — The grapevine first introduced into England from Flanders. First plant- ing in the county of Suffolk. 1553 — The currant shrub was imported into England from the Greek island named Zante. The currant was originally named after the city of Corinth, which was an important Greek mercantile and export- ing center. 1555 — In the great famine in England in this year, wild fitches kept many farmers and others from starving. Fitches are the fennel flower, a coarse kind of pea, hard but nutritious. 1555 — In this year, in reporting his ob- servations. Sir Ralpn Lane, the English Administrator in America, said that the grapes of Virginia were larger than those of Prance, Spain or Italy. Sir Ralph Lane was the first Governor of Virginia. 1562 — Earliest planting of fruit by white men in North America. The Spaniards under Menedez planted orange trees at St. Augustine, Pla. 1562 (about)— rJesuit Fathers planted pears in the region of the Great American Lakes. 1562 — Tusser, in his "Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry," says: "Wife, into the garden, and set me a plot With strawberry roots of the best to be got, Such growing abroad, among thorns in the wood. Well chosen and picked, prove excellent good." 1562— Book, entitled "Five Hundred Points of Husbandry," by Tusser, was recommended to be taught in English schools. It was written in verse. 1562 — Peaches introduced into England from Persia. 1564 — According to an article by Geo. C. Husman, of the Department of Agricult- ure considerable wine was produced from a native grape in Florida as early as 1564. 1565 — Nicolo Monarde? published writ- ings on American plants, probably the earliest separate writings on the subject. Issued in serial form in Spain. 1565 — In this year the Spanish colonies in Florida were visited by John Hawkins, an English captain, who said that twenty hogsheads of wine had been made in a single season from the wild grapes. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTDRE. 1565 — ^In a letter of this date Gessner, the Swiss botanist, mentions the Muslt rose as growing in a garden at Augsburg. 1565 — Large Importations of sheep in Florida from Spain. Supposed to be the Chxirro, or common sheep of Spain. 1565 — ^Menendez founded a settlement at St. Augustine, Fla., the first perma- nent colony on this continent. 1567 — Charles IX., King of France, issued "a decree in regard to Paris slaughter houses and ordering improve- ments in butchering methods. The slaughter houses abutted on the principal thoroughfares, herds of foot-sore animals impeded traffic, the offal was left on thf- streets and was washed by rains into the river Seine. 1570 — Hemp and flax mentioned as being common crops in England. Buck- wheat also mentioned as sown after barley. 1571 — The Festival of the Rose insti- tuted by Pope Plus V., in thanksgiving for the victory gained by the Christians over the Turks at Lepante. 1573 — The hollyhock introduced from Syria into English gardens. 1573— Coffee, a native of Arabia Felijc and Ethiopia, first introduced to the notice of Eurpoeans by Ranraulfus. 1574 — ^Eeynolde Scott in England pub- lished a treatise on the Culture of Hops. 1578 — "Whole Art of Husbandry" printed in England by Barnaby Goo.sjp, mostly translation from the German. 15S0 — Shorthorned cattle existing in Durham and Yorkshire, Kngiand, from which modern Shorthorns are in greater part descended. 1582 — The first record of the Musk rose having been cultivated in England is in Richard Hakluyt's writings, in this year, who states that it was brought from Italy. 1582 — ^In this year, in England, in one of the southwest counties, a capon cost sixpence (12 cents), a calf five shillings ($1.20), a firkin of butter seven shillings and sevenpence ($1.82), a cock (for fight- ing) fourpence (8 cents), a pullet three- pence (6 cents), a milch cow cost thirty shillings ($7.20), a bullock seven shillings ($1.68), a horse twenty-two shillings ($5.28), a porkliflg twenty-eight pence, or 56 cents.- 1584 — Don Antonio de Espejo, sent by the Viceroy of New Spain, explored the Pecos river country and mentioned a great multitude of oxen or kine (buffalo) that fed upon the banks thereof, by which they traveled for the space of 120 leagues, still meeting with "store ojt the said cattell." 1584 — Sir Walter Raleigh fitted out an expedition in England and landed in America. The colony was called Vir- ginia. As they did not cultivate the soil, they were starved out and returned to England the next year, where they intro- duced tobacco. 15S6 — On his return from Virginia, Sir Walter Raleigh introduced potatoes and tobacco in Ireland. He had an estate at Myrtle Lodge, Toughal, county Cork. The potatoes were suitable to the climate and flourished, becoming a great benefit to the island, but the totiacco growing met with poor success in Ireland. 1588 — Thomas Hariot, a returned colon- ist belonging to the Sir Walter Raleigh expedition to Virginia, published in Lon- don the first article ever written on Indian corn in ,North America. It was again published in Frankfort and illus- trated by DeBry, a wood engraver. ^^^^H ■IT ^1 ^ '^^ CHEVIOT EWE.— Grand champion at Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904. 1588 —Origin of Cheviot sheep said to be that sheep swam ashore from the wrecked ships of the Spanish Armada and escaped to the Cheviot hills. 1591 — Coffee scientifically described by Alpinus. - 1594— Sir .Hugh Plat, In a book, en- titled "Jewel House of Art and Nature," makes useful observations on manures. 1594 — In thJH year, in ' Warwickshire, England, a laborer received fourpence (8 cents) a day, "with meat and drink," or eightpenoe to tenpence, finding himself. Mowers got eightpenoe (16 cents) with food, or fourteenpence (28 cents) "without it; reapers, sixpence or twelvepence, ac- cording to whether they boarded them- selves or not. 1596 — Gerarde speaks thus early of the white lily — the lily of the poets and painters — being an old garden plant. 1697 — The cauliflower known in Eng- land, but "very rare. The plant was mentioned by a writer named Gerarde, and was supposed to have come from Italy. 1597 — The common and well-known lilac introduced into European countries by way of Consta'itinople. LEICESTER SHEEP — SANFORD. Weight, 420 pounds; heaviest ram exhib- ited. Fleece record, 26 pounds. -Grand champion of the breed Louisiana Pur- chase Exposition, 1904. Exhibited by Alex W. Smith, of Maple Lodge, Ontario, Canada. Photograph by R. J. Bogerson. 1600 (about)— Robert Bakewell, of Eng- land, commenced the improvement of sheep, establishing a breed of Leicesters, also advocating .grand principles of breeding by selection. He also improved the Longhorn cattle of Leicestershire. 10 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1602 — Oats and barley first cultivated in America in Gosnold's colony. 1602^The first wheat was brought to this country by Bartholomew Gosnold and lanued on an island in Buzzard's Bay, on the southern coast of Massachusetts. 1.602 — 'Beans were cultivated on islands Boiilh of Mas.'=.nchusetts. 1604 — In this year M. L. Escarbot brought horses to Acadia, an island once a 'part' of French territory in America. and from there the French who extended their settlements into Canada in 160S took the horses, which probably laid the foun- dation of what are now known as Canadian ponies. 1605 — Santa-Pe (New Mexico) settled in this'- year by the Spanish. Dpn Juan de Ornate of Zacateoas, in Mexico, was the originator of the colony. It is the second oldest white settlement in . the United States. 1607 — First permanent English settle- ment In America at Jamestown, Va. Captain Christopher Newport comnjander of expedition, his companions being Bar- tholomew Gosnold, John Smith and others. 1B07 — Sir John Norden printed a book called "'Surveyor's Dialogue," in England. Speaking of the faraoua Sali.sbury Mea- dows, he says: "When cattle have fee" their fill, hogs, it is pretended, are made fat with the remnant — namely with the knots and sappe of the grass." 1607 — First recorded effort in this coun- try at introducing foreign fruits by the Jamestown colonists in May of this year. 1607 — L"se of freezing mixtures of ice or snow in combination with salt, saltpeter or other chemical agents in use at this time in a small way. 1607^ — A colony of English attempted to settle where is now Kennebec. Me., but returned to England the following year. 1607 — "Clouer Grasse. or the Grasse Honeysuckle," (white clover), is directed to be sown with other hay seeds. In Surveyor's Dialogue. 160S — The French introduced cattle into Canada. 1608 — The James river settlers learned the cultivation of corn under tuition of the Indians. i 1608 — Captain Newport sailed from Jamestown, Va., for England, carrying with him twenty turkeys, "the first in- troduction of that fowl into Europe." 1609 — First authentic record of a yield of corn produced in America by whitJ men was forty acres in the Jamestown colony in Virginia. 1609 — A pamphlet published In London predicts that cotton would grow as well in Virginia as in Italy, 1609 — Sheep introduced into Virginia from England. Ravages by wolves kept the flocks down to small numbers, 1609 — English horses landed at James- town, Va. There were six mares and one horse. 1609 — A book published in England oy Butler, of Oxford, entitled "Feminine Monarchte; or, the History of Bees." 1609 — The London Company imported swine into Virginia, and they increased so fast that in 1627 the colony was in danger of being overrun with them, while the Indians fattened themselves on pork from the hogs that had become wild from running at large in the woods. 16j0 — Cattle having become extinct in Virsinia on .account of the scarcity of food, another sLjck .was brought from the West Indies, and the penalty of death tor killing them was enacted. 1610 — About this year King James I. of England purchased a celebrated Arabian horse from a merchant named Markham, for which he paid five hundred pounds, 16l0— Lord Delaware, of Maryland, planted a vineyird of native grapes. 1611— First cultivation of wheat in Vir- ginia. 16 L2 — Oil of Roses discovered by acci- dent this yeai, according to Lan.elos. 1614 — Plantings of imported apjJle and pear trees in New York. One pear tree of this planting at Third avenue, and Thirteenth street. New York City, until 1S66. 1616 — First cultivation of tobacco in Virginia^ 1617 — This is mentioned as the remarl£-\ able period of the first introduction of the labor of the plow in Virginia. 1618, January 17th — A patent was granted in England to David Ramsey and Thomas Wildgosse for a machine to "ploughe grounde without horse or oxen, and to enrich and make better and more, tertill as well barren peate, salte, and sea sande, as island and upland grounde, within our Kingdom of England and Ire- land and our Dominyon of Wales, etc, etc." It was the first patent granted in which the great power of steam for the purpose of assisting in the cultivation of tlie soil was applied. 1618 — ^In this year at Epsom Downs, in England, the saying originated: "It is one thing to take a horse to water and another to make him drink." It appears that during a drouth Henry Wicker, a herdsman, discovered water in a small hole on the Epsom Commons. He used a spade to widen the hole and then discov- ered that neither he nor his stock could drink the water. This led to 'the dis- covery of the well-known medicine Epsom Salts. 1619 — Grapes mentioned as growing at .lamestown, Va. 1619 — Negro labor first introduced into Virginia. Twenty purchased by tobacco planters from a Dutch trading vessel, y 1620 — Coaches as means of public con- veyance first used in England and France, and were very slow in coming into gen- eral use. 1620, December 22d — The Mayfiower landed 102 pilgrims at Plymouth Rock. 1620— The- Pilgrim Fathers found ex- tensive plantings of corn in New England on their, arrival. 1621 — Edward Winslow wrote tliat in New England "are grapes, white and red, and very sweet and strong also." 1621. — The Governor of Massachusetts requested the Indian Chief, Mas.sasoot. to exchange seed corn tiiat he might judge which was best. The Indians selected the finest ears Cor seed and taught the settlers how to do the same. 1621 — Earliest known experimental cot- ' ton planting in Virginia. 1621— The Pilgrim Fathers began the cutivation of corn, manuring, as the Indians did, with fish. "According to the manner of the . Indians, we manured our ground with herrings, or rather shads, which we have in great abundance and take with ease at our doors." "An acre thus dressed will produce and yield as much corn as three acres without fish." 1621— In this year The London Company sent "silke worm seede" to Virginia along with grapevines. This was the beginning of many attempts to establish a great silk-growing industry in America. 1621 — Eleven women .emigrated from England to become wives of colonists in Virginia. The passenger tare across the THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGEICULTURE. 11 ocean was paid by 120 pounds of tobacco for each person. 1622 — An observer at Plymouth Colony in this year said: "The chestnut hazle nut, butternut and shagbarlc yielded con- tributions to the store of food laid up for winter." 1623 — A few Devon cattle crossed the Atlantic Ocean on the ship Charity; said to be consigned to a Mr. Winslow, of Massachusetts. 1623 — A Department of Agriculture re- port says that about this time flax was introduced upon the continent of America solely for the fiber. For a period of 150 years thereafter, or until cheaper cotton fabrics, began to supplant linen ones, flax played an important part in the progress of the country, becoming, as it did, the basis of that famous household industry whose home-spun products were neces- saries of life second only to food. 1C"3 — Importation of Dutch horses ar- rived at New York. 1624 — Barl.v settlers introduced sheep into the New England States. 1624 — ^An early importation of cattle to New England, consisting of three heifers ird a bull, having been made in this year, the hferd had increased to twelve by 1627, and in that year was divided into twelve lots. "These lots were drawn for," says RuBsell, in Pilgrim Memorials, "affording the first recorded cattle show in New England. 162b — Buckwheat first cultivated in America on Manhattan Island. 1625 — The Dutch Colony on the Hudson was supplied with all sorts of plows and agricultural implements. 1626 — ^Flax taken to Holland from Man- hattan Island. 1626 — The Dutch bought the island of Manhattan from the Indians for .$24.00. 1627 — ^First Important cattle imports - into New Tork state from Holland. 1637 — In this year only fifty Hackney cabs or coaches were in use in London, England, as public conveyances. 162J — John Speed, agricultural author, mentions the excellent condition of cattle in Herefordshire, England. 1627 — Sir Anthony Ashley, of Wimborne, St: Giles, Dorset, England, died in this year. He first planted (improved) cab- bages in England and at his feet ^ cabbage appears chiseled on his monu- ment. 1629 — In this year six vessels arrived at Boston from England, bringing with their other goods some twenty-five mares and stallions. In the same year a number of Dutch, Swedish, Danish and French horses arrived in the colonies of New Tork, Connecticut, Maryland and New Jersey. ' 1629 — The spiderwort -was one of the first of our native flowers to flnd a home in England, It having been sent there from Virginia before the year mentioned. 1629 — First attempt at hop raising in the United States made in. New Nether- lands, now New Tork state. 1629 — Plymouth Colony cultivated pota- toes. 1629 — Rev. Francis Higginson, writing from Massachusetts Colony in this year, said that excellent vines were there and that the Governor had planted a vineyard with great hopes of "encrease." 1629 — William Wood, writing from New^ England, said: "There is likewise strawberries in abundance, verie large ones, some being two inches about; one may gather halfe a bushell in a fore- noone." 1629 — Captain John Smith, Governor of the Jamestown Colony, wrote, saying: "One Mistress Pearce, of Jamestown, an honest, industrious woman, had gathered from her garden in one year neere an hundred bushels of excellent figges." 1630 — In March of this year the Colonial General Assembly of Virginia determined the cash value of tobacco for the first time in history. The price was , 6 pence, equal to 12 cents, per pound. 1630 — In this year was written a poem by a New Englander, which shows how generally thf- pumpkin was used for the table that early " 'Sted of "oUiga and puddings and cuslardt ---'■ pies, Our pumpl' s and parsnips are common supplies; We have pumpkins at mornings and pumpkins at noon; It It was not for pumpkins we should be undone," 1630 (about I — Swedish immigrants in- troduced shf>ep into New Jersey and Delaware. 1639 — Earliest fecord of pear tree plant- ing in New England was a pear Lit;; !r the garden of Governor Endicott's house, in Boston. 1631 — Cattle importations into New Hampshire from Denmark. 1632 — Governor's Island, in Boston Harbor, was granted to Governor Win- throp on condition that he should plant a vineyard or orchard upon it. 1633 — A list of vegetables grown in New England before this year was given by a Mr. William Wood. He said also: "Whatever grows well in England grows well there." 1633 — In Virginia in this year tobacco inspection warehouses were established to which all tobacco grown for sale was ex- amined by Colonial Inspectors, "who shall cause all the bad and ill-conditioned tobacco instantly to be burnt, and the planter thereof to be disabled further from planting any more of that commodite of tobacco." 1634— Olives Introduced into Southern colonies without much success. 1634 — Cecil, the Second Lord Baltimore, established a settlement near the mouth of the Potomac river. 1634— An act passed In the Irish Legis- lature against the cruel and common practice of plowing by fastening the plow to the tail of an ox or horse. 1635 — "Canadensium Plantarum," an illustrated book issued by Jacques Cor- nutus, is generally supposed to be the first published work on American plants. 1636— Roger Williams settled what Is now the state of Rhode Island. 1636 — ^At this time in the colony of Mas- sachusetts Bay a red calf came to be cheaper than a black one on account of the greater liability to be mistaken for a deer and killed by the wolves. This is from Kettell's Chatter on Agriculture In the United States. 1637 — At this date only thirty-Seven plows were in the colony of Massachu- setts. 1639 — It was reported that one man made 500 barrels of cider in New Tork state, indicating earlier general planting of apple trees in this country. 1640 — Pork packing In barrels as an mdustry .said to have begun in this year at Salem, Mass. 1640 — ^William Kelft, Governor of New Netherlands, erected a private establish- ment on .Staten Island, "which produced the first beer made in this country " says an authority. 12 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1640 (about) — Tobacco first grown in New Engrland colonies. 1645 — Sir Richard Weston, Ambassador from England to Bohemia, credited with first introducing "the great clover" in England, and turnips also. He was a useful writer on agricultural subjects. 1646 — ^In this year Joseph Jenclces, ot Lynn, Mass., a native of Hammersmith, in England, was granted a state patent privilege for inventions, making mills for the manufacture of "sithes and other edge tools for ye more speedy cutting of grasse." 1647 — The apple recorded as grafted on the wild stoclcs of Virginia. 1647 — ^Rice culture in the United States began with half bushel of the grain sent over from England to the Virginia Colony in this year, from which a yield of six- teen bushels was obtained. The industry afterwards gave way to tobacco growing. 1647 — Exportation of wool first prohib- ited from Great Britain; also in 1660 and 1S68. 1648 (about) — An apple tree planted by Peregrine White, the first white child j!_nni..J;iJlJsw England. Says the author "of Pilgrim Memorials," written in 1655: "It still produces apples, and the orchard in which it grows is now owned by his descendants, near the lot which he occu- pied in Marshfleld." 1648— rHops first raised in Virginia. 1648 — Rye as a field crop first grown in America in New England. 1649 — "The Improver Improved," an agricultural work by BIythe in England, recommends that turnip cultivation should be extended from the kitclien garden to the field as food for stock. 1650 — Hartleb, an English writer, men- tions the practice of steeping and liming seed corn (wheat) as a preventive of smut. 1650 (about) — French work on Agri- culture published by Oliver de Serres'. 1650— The "White Turk," Turkish stal- lion, owned by Mr. Place, stud groom to Lord Protector Cromwell, credited with being one of the originators of the thor- oughbred horse. 1650 — ^A pearl barley mill invented in Germany 1653 — Van der Donck, the traveler, wrote that by this year tiie Dutch settlers of New York had already blooming in their gardens white and red roses, eglan- tine, different varieties of tulips, violets, white lilies, anemones and marigolds. 1657 — The exportation of horses from Virginia was prohibited in this year. 1660 — Earliest record of the use of mineral salts for increasing the yield of crops appears in a work erititled: "A Dis- course Concerning the Vegetation of Plants." It was read before Gresham College, in England, by Sir Keneim Digby. 1660 — Ray, a, writer, made a tour of the southeastern counties of Scotland. He said: "We observed little or no fallow ground in Scotland; some ley ground we saw, which they manured with sea wreck." 1661 — The Dutch East India Company sent two pounds two ounces of Chinese tea to the King of England as a rare and valuable offering. The first known tea to arrive in England. 1662 — First statute for levying tolls at turnpikes to make or repair roads. 1663 — In this year, when the second charter was granted to Rhode Island by Charles II., King of England, it contained an inducement to anyone who would plant a vineyard. 1665— Minister Colbert established gov- ernment studs in France. 1669— The "Byerly Turk," a Turkish stallion ridden by Captain Byerly of the English Army, at this time, is credited with being one of the foundation stock of the English Thoroughbred. 1670— Permanent settlements in the tract of land south of Virginia, called Carolina, in honor of Charles II., of England. 1 1672 — John Josselyn published a book entitled "New England's Rarities," dis- covered in birds, beasts, fishes, serpents and plants of that country. 1674 — Malplghi publishes a paper on the structure of plants. 1676 — Tax derived from tobacco exports this year amounted to £120,000 English money, or, in round figures, $700,000 in American money of the present day. 1680 — It is said that peaches were in- troduced about this time into America by the ea,rly settlers. 1681^— In Houghton's "Collections on Husbandry and Trade" appears the first notice of turnips being eaten by sheep. 1682— William Penn established the first settlement in what is called Penn- sylvania. 1682 — The Imperial stud of Russia re- ceived importations of Arab stallions, which caused a decided improvement in the horses of that country. It was .by direction of Peter the Great. 1683 (about) — Sheep raising in Penn- sylvania dates from about this year. 1686— William Fitzhugh in Virginia de- scribed his own plantation and mentions a large orchard of about 2,500 apple trees, mostly grafted, well fenced with a locust fence. 1688 — An English writer, Ray, mentions seventy-eight varieties of apples. 1688- St. Marys, the oldest settlement In Michigan, established by the Jesuit missionaries. 1690 — The first work treating of roses with any degree of method published. It was that by LaQuintyne, and issued in Paris. 1690 — Potatoes were beginning to at- tract notice in Scotland. "The potato is a bacciferous herb, with esculent roots, bearing winged leaves and a bell flower." 1690— The Mango introduced into hot- house cultivation in England from the Bast Indies. 1690 — At this early date Boston, Mass., was doing quite a trade in packing ana curing pork. 1691 — The Phlox, an American genus of plants, mentioned in a work published in London by Plukenet, a writer living before the time of Linnaeus. 1691 — Experimental proof of the sex- uality of plants published for the first time by Camerarius, a German botanist He was in charge of the gardens at Tucbingen. 1694— A ship captain, seeking shelter m the harbor of Charleston, S. C, pre- sented Thomas Smith, Governor of the province, with a sack of rice. From this the rice industry of the present was established. 1695--In this year John Houghton, an Englishman, writing of dairy subjects speaks of the Irish, as rotting their butter and burying it in bogs. This burying of butter may have been for the purpose of storing against time of need, or to hide it from invaders or to ripen it for the pur- pose of developing flavor. 1697— First agricultural work in Scot- land printed under the title of "Hus bandry Anatomized; or. An Inquiry Into THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 13 the Present Manner of Telling and Man- uring the Ground In Scotland," by Don- aldson. 1700 (about) — The Musk rose began to be cultivated in England. 1701 — Jethro TuU, a gentleman of Berk- shire, in England, adopted the system of sowing his crops in rows or drills so wide apart as to admit of tillage of the inter- vals both by plowing and hoeing. 1704 — The "peppermint" plant men- tioned and named by Ray in his book, "Historia Plantarium." 1706 — Practice of cutting clover green and giving it to cattle, now called soiling, mentioned as being a common practice at this time. 1710 — Fig trees first grown in California. 1712 — Maraldi, of Nice, invented glass bee-hives, enabling naturalists to study the in-door proceedings of bees. 1714 — ^Father Jartoux, a missionary among the Chinese, published a descrip- tion of a Tartarian plant called Ginseng. 1716 — In this year, through efforts of Father Lafitau, a missionary amongst the Canadian Indians, the plant now known as American Ginseng was discov- ered near Montreal. 1719 — A hundred families from Ireland having settled at Londonderry, N. H., they introduced the foot spinning wheel, the manufacture of linen and the culture of potatoes. 1719 — Thomas Falrchild, an English gardener, crossed the Carnation with the sweet William. This is the record of the first hybrid (mixture of the species) in flowers. 1720 — Joseph Foljambre, of Rotherham, England, took out a patent for a plow with moldboard and landside of wood sheathed with iron plates, the share and coulter being made of wrought iron with steel edges. 1720 — In this year a Galloway horse was foaled at a village near Haddington, in Scotland, which lived to be 69 years old. Wilkes' Spirit of the Times, authority for this statement, mentioned him in later years as being 11 hands high, and that he trotted cleverly right up to a few weeks of his death. 1721 — First efforts to grow cotton in Virginia. 1723 — ^Lord Bellhaven, of Scotland, pub- lished a book which he described as a "good, easy method of husbandry." 1723 — ^Mr. Alstroemer, an enterprising Swedish farmer, introduced Merino sheep into his own country. He enoourgaed the government to ■ establish an agricultural school, which offered premiums for Spanish Merinos and the best wool. 1723 — "Society of Improvers in the Knowledge of Agriculture in Scotland" organized. First of its kind In the United Kingdom. 1724 — The horticulturist Dudley said that Indian corn is of several colors, as blue, red and yellow; and if they are planted separately by themselves they will keep their own color; but if they are planted one color near another they will valx and interchange their colors. 1724 — Godolphin Arabian, the most noted of all the Eastern thoroughbred sires, foaled in this year. He was im- ported into England from France by a Mr. Coke. This great stallion was said to have actually been a cart horse on the streets of Paris. Colonel S. D. Bruce, authority on the thoroughbred horse, said of him: "He unquestionably contributed more to the breed of thoroughbreds than any stallion either before or since his time." GODQLPHIN AKABIAN.— The thorough- bred horse that worked as a cart horse in Paris and was discovered In time to be the most valuable foundation sire of the breed. 1726^A village near feoston reported making 10,000 barrels of cider. 1726 — The horticultural writer Dudley, in a paper in the Philosot)hioal Transac- tions, said: "Our apples are without doubt as good as those of Bngland and much fairer to look to, and so are the pears; but we' have not all the sorts." 1727 — The Moss rose was introduced into England from Holland in the six- teenth century, and is first mentioned by Miller In the year given. Miller sup- posed it to be a sprout of the Provence rose, which opinion has been confirmed by modern botanists. 1727 — Hale's work published on respira- tion of plants and formation of sap. 1728 — The first botanical garden in the United States founded by John Bartram on the banks of the Schuylkill, not far from Philadelphia. 1728 — In this year mention is made of "little machines which, being played by the motion of a wheel, the cotton falls on one side and the seed on the other, and thus they are separated;" a primitive cotton gin. 1730 — ^In this year the first English cotton-oil mill was erected in (Gloucester. The city of Gloucester is one of the im- portant centers of enterprise in the west of England, not far from the seaport of Bristol, which is in the same county. 1Y30— The plain -gaited saddle horse, without education, developing at this time into the five-gaited saddle horse. 1731— Speaking of the tomato, Philip Miller, in his Gardeners' Dictionary, says: "The Italians and Spaniards eat these apples (love apples) as we do cucumbers — with pepper, oil and salt — and some eat them stewed in sauces." 1731 — Horse-hoeing Husbandry pub- lished by Jethro TuU, of Berkshire, Eng- land. 1732— Poor Richard's Almanac first published by Benjamin Franklin at Philadelphia. 1732 — John Kirby, traveler in England, writing of the Suffolk Red Polled cattle district, said that the butter "was justly esteemed and the pleasantest In Eng- land." 1732 — In Maryland, tobacco was made legal tender at the rate of one English penny (2 cents) per pound for all debts, including customs dues, the salaries of state officers and ministers of the gospel. 1733— Justice Dudley, of Massachusetts, writing in this year, says: "An onion set out for seed would rise to four feet nine inches, and a parsnip would reach eight feet." 14 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1735 — The Pompone roses found grow- ing wild by a gardener of Dijon, In B'rance, while cutting wood on a moun- tain near the city. 1735 — A stallion named Old Traveler, owned by Mr. Osbaldeston, of North Englai^d, ancestor of Cleveland Bays. 1737— The Studley bull dropped in this year became one of the first great stock getters of the Shorthorn breed. 1737— Hugh Orr, a Scotchman by birth, arrived in Massachusetts and erected a trip hammer at Bridgewater for the manufacture of scythes and axes and acquired a wide reputation. , 1741 — Jolly Roger, a thoroughbred stal- lion, was foaled in this year. He was known on the English turf as "Roger of the Vale." He was the first horse that gave distinction to the ra;cing stock of Virginia, where he was imported and commenced service as a sire in 1748. He was by Rxjundhead, who was by Flying Childers, who was by Darley Arabian. The dam of Jolly Roger was got by the famous horse Partner, the best race horse in his day. 1742 — The Baldwin apple, a chancr- seedling, sprang up this year on the' farm of Mr. John Ball, in Eastern Massachu- setts, and brought into general notice by a Colonel Baldwin, who named It. 1742 — Hereford cattle Improvement be- gan by Benjamin Tompkins, the elder, of Canon Pyon, Herefordshire, England. 1742 — ^M. Dubreuil, a planter of New Orleans, I.a.., invented a cotton gin which was so far successful as to give quits an impulse to cotton raising. 1744 — ^William Ellis, agricultural writer, commended Holderness cattle of York- shire for wide bags, short horns and large bodies. 1745 — Suffolk Punch horses famous for draft qualities. Norman stallions on Suffolk mares credited with the produc- tion of the breed. 1745 — Beet-root sugar discovered by Marggraf. 1747 — James Elliott, a clergyman of Connecticut, published a series of valu- able essays on "Field Husbandry." 1717 — ^Agricultural seeds first sold com- mercially in the United States about this time. 1747 — "Memoirs on Wool," first publi- cation of its class in Great Britain. 1748 — Rev. Jared Eliot, in a book on farm husbandry, urges the growth of clover for the reason that an acre of it would produce two bushels of seed, worth thirty- five pounds in the currency of that period. 1750 — First act of Parliament for col- lectlngJ;olls on the highway of Scotland. 1750 (about)— James the Vlth, Duke of Hamilton, introduced a Flemish stallion for use of his tenantry in Clyde Valley. Scotland. This is said tb be the origin of Clydesdale horses, but is disputed. 1750 (about) — The commercial history of the peppermint plant began at Mitch- am, in Surrey, England. 1750 — Red clover known to be grown In Rhode Island as early as this year. 1156 — About this time the Earl of Marchmont purchased from the Bishop of Durham and carried to his estates in Ber- wickshire, Scotland, several brown cows spotted with white. These were the foundation cows of the Ayrshire breed of cattle. 1761 — Jesuit Fathers brought to Louisi- ana samples of sugar cane for the pur- pose of adding to the resources of the colony. This is now called "Creole" eane. 1752 — The Frfnch government offered to purchase all the tobacco raised in the province of Louisiana at a price equiva- lent to seven cents per pound. 1753 — The .year usually taken as the beginning of botany. Linnaeus grouped all the tulips, which he named under the classification of Tulipa Gesheriana. 1754 — ^In this year a Galloway horse owned by a Mr. Crocker went a hundred miles a day for three days over the New- market Course in England and showed no distress. The Galloway was a hardy cob horse, the breed originating in Scot- land, but is now extinct. 1754 — The best known of the Cape jas- mines (which are not related to the true jasmines) is the Gardena florida, and was introduced into England from China in this year 1755 — From silk manufactured near Charleston, S. C, in this year, three dresses were made in England — one pre- sented to the Princess Dowager of Wales, another to Lord Chesterfield, and the third to a person, name not given. ir56 — Marggraf, a German chemist, found the sugar beet contained only 1.5 per cent, of sugar, which is Increased lo- an average of 13 per cent, by selection and improved methods of cultivation. 1759 — First sugar house equipped with machinery erected at New Orleans by Dutreull. 1759— The Blrd's-foot violet was sent to the Apothecaries' (Sarden, at Chelsea, near London, as early as this year — prob- ably by John Bartram, of Philadelphia, an eminent botanist, who sent many plants to England. 1760 — Commencement of memorable improvement In British agriculture. 1760 — The cow "Tripes," Shorthorn cow bought by Thomas Hall in England, earliest recorded cow of the Shorthorn breed. 1760 (about)— First known commercial nursery In this counti-y established bj' William Prince, of Flushing, Long Island. Pioneer of the industry, and published a catalogue of fruits. 1760— McCuUoch's Statistics of the British Empire records that In this year William Dawson Introduced the custom of plowing two horses abreast with lines. 1760 — In the list of flower seeds pub- lished In a Boston newspaper advertise- ment this year are those of the marigold, sensitive, plant, branching larkspur, white and yellow chrysanthemum, sweet peas, tall hollyhock, pink, sweet William and French honeysuckle. 1761 — The first known veterinary school astablished at Lyons, France. 1761— First exact knowledge of hybrids obtained from a work by Koelreuter, a scientist. 1762— Fahrenheit used ice and salt mix- lure In fixing -scale for the thermometer which bears his name. 1763T-Bartrara in his "Travels" men- tioned having seen in this year near Mosquito Inlet, Florida, a ridge a half mile wide and forty miles long, which was one dense orange grove. 1763— Nathaniel Bird, a book dealer, advertised in the Newport CR. I.) Mer- cury that he had garden seeds for sale Just arrived from England. This is one of the earliest records of seeds being for sale. 1763— In this year Laclede, Maxon & Co. established the first fur- trading depot at St. Louis, Mo. The brothers Auguste and Pierre Chouteau were connected with it. In those days the farmers tributary to St. Louis were hunters and trappers. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 16 PROFITABLE STOCK FEEDING. THE MOST VALl/ABLE, PRACTICAL AND INSTRUCTIVE BOOK OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. Profitable Stock Feeding is the title of the new book by H. R. Smith, Pro- fessor of Animal Husbandry at the University of Nebraska. The book is written especially for practical feeders of stock and for farmers and students of animal husbandry. It is written with the purpose of presenting in the very simplest possible language an accurate account of the best ways and means of making stock feeding profitable and successful from every point of view. Professor Smith had an admirable training for the task of preparing such a book. No Experiment Station investigator of feeding problems has had the opportunity that the author of this book has had as a practical stock feeder previous to engaging in college and station work. His father, the late F. H. Smith, was one of the well-known feeders of the Middle West The Director of the Michigan Experiment Station has spoken of him as the most successful feeder in that state.. Engaging in the business with practically nothing in 1862, he left as a heritage at the time of his death, five years ago, a beautiful stock farm, comprising 640 acres of highly-fertile land in Southern Michigan. He was a keen observer, always watchful of results, striving kt all times for economical production. Professor Smith had the advantage of practical feeding at home as a busi- ness, besides the scientific experience which fitted him as a teacher in agricult- ural colleges. It has been his work as teacher and investigator at the University of Nebraska that has given him a national reputation. His selection of the steer Challenger, the grand champion of 1903, from a farmer's feed lot six months previous to the International Show has also given him recognition At the World's Fair he was chosen as the lecturer upon stock feeding in connection with the Farmers' Congress there. He is also well known in the West as an expert judge in the show ring. It is an all-around, up-to-date, practical book which Professor Smith has placed upon the market. Part 1 is devoted to general principles in stock feeding Part 2 contains six chapters on milk production. Part 3 has seven chapters, 88 pages, on beef cattle. Sheep feeding occupies seven chapters. Swine feeding' six chapters. Farm poultry five chapters, 48 pages; and horses require 24 pages In all, including index, there are 412 pages. It is a library in itself, and the book weighs 26 ounces. Relying upon the assurance that all stock raisers ought to have this book we will 'furnish one copy of Profitable Stock Feeding by mail, postpaid, and The National Farmer and Stock Grower for one year for one dollar and fifty cents Address and make money orders payable to THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 16 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1763— In his book entitled "The History of the Jersey Cow in America," by Va- lancey B. Fuller, he said: "From the evi- dence I thinlc it may be claimed that as early as 1763 the purity of the Jersey cattle breed was a subject of great care, and it has been scrupulously guarded till this day, with the possible exception of an isolated cross of the Guernsey." 1765 — Saxon Merino sheep originated hy flock of 300 Spanish ."Merinos sent by King Louis XV. of Franct at the request of his brother-in-law, Prii Xavier. JERSEY COW— MARY ANNE OF ST. LAMBERT. 36 pounds 12 ounces of -butter in one week; 836 pounds in one year. Owned at that time hy Valancey B. Fuller, of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. From Schreiber photo, 1882. 1764 — Alexander Garden, Scotch scien- tist, of Charleston, S. C, published an account of pink-root, the use of which as a vermifuge he had introduced. The botanical genus Gardenia was named in honor of Mr. Garden. 1764 — Gideon Welles announced in the Newport I^R.-I.) Mercury that he had some choice Connecticut onion seed for sale. 1764 — Mr. Dawson, of Frogden, believed to be first in Scotland to grow turnips for stock to a large extent. A. SAXONY MSRINO, RAM.— A picture representing this fine-wool Merino breed, which at one time was a rival of the Spanish Merino in America. The picture represents a ram of the early Importations from Saxony. ECLIPSE— The Thoroughbred. 1764 — Eclipse foaled, during the eclipse of that year; the most wonderful horse ever produced on the English turf; bred by the Duke of Cumberland; got by Marske, a grandson of Bartlett's Childers out of Spiletta. "He puffed and blowed like an otter and galloped as wide as a barn door." — Lawrence. 1764 — Improved cotton-spinning ma- chinery invented in England by Har- greaves. 1764 — First greenhouse on modern plans in this country constructed in New York 1765— The London (England) Society of Arts awarded a gold medal to Benjamin Gale, of Killingworth, Conn., for a drill plow, the invention of which was claimed by Benoni Hilliard, of the same place. 1765 — Merino sheep introduced into Germany by grant of the King of Spain to the Elector of Saxony. 1765 — George Washington received a pair of blooded pigs from the Duke of Bedford: called Bedford breed. 1766 — In this year samples of home- made scythes, shovels, spades, hoes, etc., were laid before the Society of Arts in New York and approved. 1766 — Field seeds first advertised in the New England Gazette. 1767 — William Dunbar, a New England gardener, advertised seeds for sale as follows: Peas and beans, 30 shillings per quart; Strasburg onions and orange car- rots, 25 shillings per ounce; early cab- bage, 40 shillings per ounce; and "Colll- flower," 6 pounds per ounce. He also sold flower seeds. 1767 — M. Buring, a Berlin merchant, laid a plan before the King of Prussia which led to the organization of Land Mortgage Associations in Germany, the first organized in Brandenburg In 1780. 1767— In the Boston Gazette of this year, six out of twenty-six advertisers! were dealers in seeds. 1767 — Discovery by Sprengel of fertili- zation of 'plants. ENGLISH MAMBRINO— Thoroughbred 1768 — English Mambrino, a grey horse sire of Messenger, was foaled in this year' Mambrino was a thoroughbred, and is the fountain head of the American trotter His son. Messenger, was reputed as being the best horse ever brought to America. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 17 1768 — Messrs. CuUey settled on the Northumbrian side of the river Tweed. Great improvers of agriculture in border counties of England and Scotland. 1769 — Edward Antill, of Monmouth, N. J., wrote the first American treatise on the grapevine. 1769 — The French settlersof Kaskaskla. Soiithern Illinois, made 110 hogsheads of wine from wild grapes. 1769 — "Eclipse first, the rest nowhere." Eclipse first on turf this year and for seventeen months won every race, clos- ing his career by wallcing over the New- mfa.rket course for the King's plate. His full speed was never tested, no horse ever having put It to the proof. 1769 — Olive trees planted at San Blego. Cal., still In bearing. 1769 — First investigation of pleuro-pneu- monia in cattle by Bourgelat, the founder of veterinary schools, brought about by prevalence of the disease in Europe. 1770 — First plantings of grape at the Mission of San Gabriel, in California. 1''70 — The popular Bartlett pear orig- inated in England, it being propagated by a nurseryman named Williams; but having been disseminated in this country by Enoch Bartlett, it thus acquired Its new name. 1771 — The great fringed orchis first made known to botanists through Dr. Pitoairn, who introduced it into the Kew gardens from Newfoundland. 1771— Silk culture begun In Pennsyl- vania and New Jersey. It was inter- rupted by the Revolutionary War, and only revived in a small way after the treaty of peace, 1771 — Baron William Stiegel, who came to America twenty-one years before, gave the land for a church at Manheim, Pa., this clause being in the indenture. "Yielding and paying therefor unto the said Henry Willam Stiegel, his heirs and assigns, at the said town of Manheim, in -the month of June, yearly, forever here- after the rent of one red rose, if the same shall be lawfully demanded." 1772 — Priestley's treatise on breathing of plants. 1772^To Mrs. Martha Logan, daughter of Robert Dani^, a Governor of North Carolina, is accorded the credit of pub- lishing the first American treatise on gardening, which was written in her seventieth year. 1772 — In Philadelphia, this year, Pete- liah Webster sold clover and duck grats seed, being one of the earliest in the seed business In that city. 1773 — James Vaux, of Pennsylvania, im- ported clover seed from England because it was difficult to obtain in America. 1773 — One of the early veterinary ocl- legos established at Copenhagen, in Den- mark. 1773 — Spanish sheep introduced on the Pacific coast of the United States; same kind as in Florida. 1773 — An iron plow was presented to the Society of Arts in London, England, by a Mr. Brand. 1774 (about) — During the Revolutionary War, Kinsey Borden, of St. Paul's Parish, South Carolina, invented a roller gin for the cleaning of long-staple and silky cotton, of which he was a large grower. 1775 — ^Empress Maria Theresa of Aus- tria Imported several hundred Saxony Merino sheep and placed them in Hungary at JJereopail. where an agricultural school was established. 1775 — The Cherokee rose, a Chinese species. Icnown to have been cultivated at this time in the Southern States. 1775 — Improvements in cotton-aplnning machinery by Dr. Cartwrlght in England. 1775 — Bertram's tree orchis, the first of its kind found in the Middle States, in- troduced into FoihergiU's gardens, in London, It having been discovered In Florida a year or two before. 1775 — James Longhead advertised seeds In Philadelphia, saying that he kept "a quantity of the largest kind of colly- flower seed, found on trial to be extraor- dinary good." 1775— Count Orloff Tschlsmensky, ' a lover of horses, imported the grey Arabian stallion Smetanxa, and, crossing on Dan- ish, Dutch and English mares, originated the breed of Russian trotters. 1775 (about) — Improvement in South- down sheep began about this time. 1775 — The first Austrian veterinary col- lege established at Vienna. 1776 — The first artificial road in America was built in this year, from Philadelphia to New York. 1776 — In New York City, Samuel Deall, a dealer in merchandise on Broad street, kept a general assortment of seeds. In- cluding;, rod clover, grass and "Saint- foine," for Improvement of land. 1776 — M. de Trudaine introduced Me- rino sheep in France. 1777 — Poll tax levied for Baltimore county and city fixed at 172 pounds of tobacco. One of the latest payments of taxes In produce. 1777 — Highland (Agricultural) Society of Scotland instituted. 1777— Bath and West of England (Agri- cultural) Society established. 1777— Large importation of Spanish Merino sheep by the people of Saxony. 1777 — John Bartram, born In 1699, died in this year. He was called the "Father of American Botany." He founded at Kingessing the first American Botanical Garden and published many valuable writings on botanical subjects. 1779 — The inhabitants of New England obtained their first sweet corn from the Indians in this year. 1779 — In this year the expedition of General Sullivan agaijist the Six Nations in the Genessee country, New York, ascertained that the Indians had fields of corn, and gardens of beans, peas, tur- nips, cabbages, melons, carrots, parsnips and potatoes. 1779~Tom."toes first used In catsup In New Orleans about this time. 1779 — An early sweet corn introduced Into Connecticut by an officer of the army returning from an expeditlcn against the Indians in the Genessee country. 1779— Improvements in cotton-spinnln.; machinery in England by Crompton. 1779— J. H. Campbell, of Charlton, Kent. England, fed and exhibited a famous Hereford ox at Greenwich. Live weight, 3,360 pounds; fore quarters. 1,016 pounds; hind quarters.89o pounds; dressed weight. 1,912 pounds.' 1780, May 4th— This was the first Derby Day in England. The race was won by Diomed, the property or Blr Charles Bun- bury. All the competitors were colts. The distance was one mile. 1780 — Imported Messenger (a thorough- bred), foaled in I'lSO, imported to the LTnited States in 1788 and died in 1808. He was of Arabian descent. First In list of original sources of American trot- ting blood. Great-grandsire of Rysdiok's Hamblotonian. 1780— Practice of drilling and horse- hoeing ciopii introduced into Northum- berland. IS THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1780— Mr. John Ellman, of Glynde Farm, near Lewis, in Sussex, England, com- menced breeding and improvement or Soutiidown sheep. Continued fifty-two years. 1782 — The Mango reached the West Indies from Brazil and soon became naturalized. 1783 — London Society for the Encour- agement of Arts, Manufactures and Corii- merce called public attention to the exist- epce and value of cotton-seed oil. A Clydesdale stallion. 17S3 — ^Exhibition of stallions at Edin- burg, Scotland. Highest prize won by "Blaze," first horse causing marked im- provement in Clydesdales. 1783— First Gough & Miller Shorthorn cattle importation via , Baltimore to Vir- ginia. 17S3, September 3d — Peace in America after eight years of war for independ- ence. 1783 — "Hubback," a great foundation bull of Shorthorn family, bought by Robert Colling and Mr. Waistell of Mr. Faucett, near Darlington, England. This bull was the greatest factor in Shorthorn cattle improvement. Had been used before the discovery of his merits for service at one shilling per cow. 1784 — Plow with cast iron mold board and wrought and cast iron shares in- vented -by James Small, of Scotland. 1784— David T.,andreth established him- self near Philadelphia in market garden- ing, nursery and seed-growing business. 1784, August 2d — The first mail coach in history started from London to Bristol, in England. 1784 — Charles Colling, of Ketton Hall, England, bought a cow at Darlington market of Thomas Appleby for $85, which he afterwards named Duchess — original stock cow of the famous Shorthorn Duchesses. 1784 — First exportation of cotton; eight bags, weighing In all 1,200 pounds. 1785 — Power loom added to inventions for manufacturing cotton goods by Dr. Ca!rtwright, of England, greatly increas- ing the demand for raw cotton. 1785 — First organization of American agricultural socie!ties at Phijadelphia,then the National, Capital. George Washington Benjamin Franklin and Timothy Picker- ing, prominent members. 1785 — Robert Ransome, of Ipswich, England, introduced plows with cast-iron shares. 1786 — Before this year cotton was a domestic manufacture amongst Southern planters. A letter from Thomas Jeffer- son said: "The four southernmost states make a great dea.l of cotton. Their poor are almost entirely clothed with It in winter and summer." 1786 (about) — Franz Karl Aohard. German chemist, discovered the true method of separating the sugar from the sugar beet plant. 1786 — Sea Island cotton Introduced In Georgia from the West Indies. 1786— Mrs. Colling, wife of Mr. Charles Colling, of Shorthorn breeding fame, first known and recognized as cattle breeder, or, in modern term, a Cattle Queen. "T.786 — Fr^Kch government purchased 300 sheep from Spain, the foundation of the French (Rambouillet)' Merino. 1787 — The King of Spain presented a jack and jennet to General George Wash- ington. The jack was called the Royal Gift. ■ 1787 — A mill for the manufacture of cotton erected at 3everly, Mass. 1787 — A mill for the manufacture of cotton was erected on James Island. Soiith Carolina. 1788 — In this year a Mr. Bisset, of Georgia, contrived a cotton gin having two rollers revolving in opposite direc- tions by which five pounds of cleaned cotton were made per day. 1788 — President Stiles, of Tale, wore al the commencement exercises, this year, p silk gown from material made and woven in Connecticut. 1788 — ^As early as this date the Amer- ican scarlet rose-mallow, said by Meehan to be "the most gorgeous of all the plants Indigenous to the United States," was mentioned in Walter's "Flora Caro- llniana." 1788— First extensive production of Sea Island cotton. Thomas Proctor raised 5,000 pounds upon a plantation near Savannah. Ga. 1788 — Swedish turnip and potato oat added to farm crops in England and Scotland. 1788— King George III. introduced Me- rino sheep In England. They did not thrive in that country. A modern Jersey bull. 1789 — First authentic notice /of Jersey cattle by the Legislature of the Jersey Island passing an act to keep out fraud- ulent cows from France. 17S9— On the Island of Jersey an act of the local legislature prohibited the impor- tation of any foreign breed of cattle. 1789 — George Washington, President of the United States, and served eight years, to 1797. 1789 — Jussieu founds the Natural Sys- tem of Plants.' V 1789 — Eclipse, the peerless thorough- bred, died at the age of 25. He was sire of 334 winners at tlie race course. Owned by Mr, O. Kelly, - - THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK . AND AGRICULTURE. 19 1789 — Commodore Gardner sent orchid plants of Bpidendrum fragrant from the woods of Jamaica. One flowered two years after and was the first orchid figured In the Botanical Magazine^ 1789 — General Lafayette presented a line Maltese jack to General Washington, named the Knight of Malta. The sire of the Morgan breed. 1789 — Justin Morgan, famous horse, parent sire of Morgan horses, foaled this year at Springfield, Mass.;-died In 1S21: was moved to Randolph, Vt. Justin Morgan was descended from the English thoroughbred, also from Arabians and Turks. No Morgan horse can be regis- tered without one sixty-fourth of his blood in the male line. 1790 — A cotton mill, driven by water, with ginning, carding and other ma- chines, also spinning machines with 84 spindles each, put in operation at States- burg, S. C. 1790 — Great improvement in the treadle cotton gin made by Joseph Eve, of Prov- idence, R. I., then residing in the Bahamas. 1790 — ^Almy & Brown established .1 cotton mill at Pawtucket, R. .1. In the same year a mill was erected In Soutli Carolina. 1790— Successful attempt to grow Sea Island cotton in the United States by Mr. Wm. Elliott, near Beaufort, S. C. Seed procured from the Bahama Islands. 1790 (about)— Small's swing plow and -Meikle's thrashing machine brought into general use. 1790 — When Alexander Hamilton was Secretary -of State under George Wash- ington as President, the exports of tobacco constituted 21.6 per cent, of all exports, and only second in Importance to flour. 1790 — Goethe writes on the metamor- phosis of plants. 1790 — Thomas Booth, founder of a Shorthorn cattle family, commenced breeding at Klllerby, in Yorkshire. ' 1790 — The New England Farmer, a volume of over 30O pages, published at Worcester, Mass. 1790 — The first Prussian veterinary col- lege established in Berlin. 1791, February 26th— New York Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts and Manufactures organized on this date. 1791 — Agricultural society formed at Kennebec. Mass., (now Kennebec, Me.) 1791 (about) — ^Four Spanish Merino rams received into the United States, one ram supposed to have been used In the vicinity of Delaware until 1808. 1791 — According to Dr. Elwood Harvey in an essay on the American trotting horse, trotting as a sport began in Eng- land in this year. He mentions an account of a brown mare, eighteen years old, that trotted sixteen miles on the Essex Road, in fifty-eight minutes. 1791 — The first English veterinary col- lege established in London. 1791 — Otter sheep, with a long body and short, crooked legs, originated from a malformed twin ram. Efforts were made to preserve this sporadic variety on account of its inability to run and jump and thus escape from an enclosure. In the Eastern States it promised to become a distinct species, but it has disappeared. Imagining that the ewe had been fright- ened by an otter (then occasionally .senr. in the vicinity) people called it the Otter sheep. This statement Is from HarpoVs Book of Facts. 1792, March 7th — Western Society of Middlesex Husbandmen formed in Massa- chusetts, 1792 (about) — Pierre Legaux, a French- man, together with a number of Phila- delphia people, set out a vineyard at SpringmiU, on the Schuylkill river. 1792, April 11th— The New York Legis- lature appropriated a sum for the Columbia College to endow an agricult- ural professorship. 1792 — ^As an experiment Mr. Charles Colling, Shorthorn cattle breeder, used a bull which was halt Shorthorn and half Galloway. This was called the "alloy" strain and was afterwards bred out. 1792— Arthur Young, of West Suffolk, in England, mentions "universally Polled cattle, red, brindle, or yellowish- cream color, famous for their quailtity of milk;" the original Red Polled cattle. 1792— British Wool Society of England mentions sheep of Morfe common near Bridgnorth, spotted-faced Polled breed, origin of Shropshlres. YOUNG ALICE'S PRINCE— A World's Fair champion Shorthorn bull. 1793 — "Favorite," Shorthorn bull calved this year, was an inbred bull and was used to inbreed to an extraordinary ex- tent. His son by his own dam, the bull "Comet," was the first of the Shorthorn breed to sell at $5,000. 1793 — The Macartney rose brought to England from China by Lord Macartney. 1793 — Vineyards planted in Jessamine county, Kentucky, by a colony of Swiss grape growers. 20 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1793, February 27th — By act of Con- gress, breeding and useful animals were admitted into this country free of import duty. 1793 — Ell Whitney's cotton gin in- vented; greatest stimulus to cotton pro- duction in this country. 1793^It appears that the invention of the cotton-gin not only stimulated cotton production, but it also made cotton a competitor to flax, checking the produc- tion of flax for fiber and indirectly caus- ing more attention to be paid to flax seed as a commercial product. 1793 — National Board of Agriculture of Great Britain organized. Sir John Sin- clair principal advocate. 1793 — Hon. Wm. Foster, of Boston, im- ported two Merino ewes and one ram from Cadiz. He presented them to a friend, who killed and ate them. 1794— According to the 1860 United States Census, a French traveler named Volney went to see all the American vine- yards he could hear of in this year, even so far as Kaskaskia, on the Mississippi river, where he was informed that the Jesuits had planted a vineyard, but that the French government had ordered or influenced Its destruction to prevent French grapes growing in America. 1794 — Society for Promoting Agriculture In the State of Connecticut organized. 1794 — Arthur Young published a book entitled "A Survey of Suffolk," in Eng- land, and mentions the hornless cattle of that country, saying: "There Is hardly a dairy of any consideration In this district which does not contain cows which give in the height of the season eight gallons of milk a day and six are common among many for a large part of the season. For two or three months a whole dairy will give five gallons a day on the average." 1794— In this year a writer named Rawlin in speaking of the cattle of Ayr- shire, said: "They have another breed, called the Dunlop, which are allowed to to be the best race for giving milk of any cows in Great Britain or Ireland, not only for large quantity, but for richness and quality." The Dunlops are a family of the Ayrshire breed of cattle. 1794 — ^Matthew Patten removed from Hardy county, Virginia, to Kentucky and carried with hiri some English cattle wh^h he had bought of a Mr. GofC, of Maryland. . 17fl4 — The Shaker Community at Mount Lebanon, N. Y., began growing farm seeds and developed a large trade In them. 1795— One of the earliest seed farms was established at Enfield, N. H., In this year. 1795 — Sieur Etienne De Bore, of Louisi- ana, announced that he had discovered a process necessary to obtain grained sugar. He demonstrated it on his plan- tation. 1795 — In this year Nicholas Appert, a ' Frenchman,, discovered the art of her- metical sealing of food, now well known under the title of canning. Fourteen years later he was awarded a prize by the government, which had been offered, long before, for a method that would preserve alimentary substances without robbing them of their natural qualities and juices. 1796 — Owing to deficient harvest and foreign wars, English wheat rose from orjainiry price of 50 shillings per quarter to 1)6 shillings per quarter. 1796 — (pharles Colling, breeder of Short- horn cattle, exhibited a steer In England and Scotland known as the "Durham Ox;" weighed 3,024 pounds at six years old. 1796 — In Lancaster county, Pennsyl- vania, an outbreak of cattle fever was caused by South Carolina cattle being brought in and sold there. First report of splenic cattle fever, afterwards attrib- uted to the ticls on Southern cattle. 1796 — In this year, according to the American Shepherd by L. A. Morrell, an exhibit of wool was made at Rambouillet, in France, in order to boom the Ram- bouillet breed of sheep, of which the French government had a monopoly. A large number of manufacturers and dealers in wool attended the exhibit and unanimously agreed that the wool on sale there was the finest, longest, softest and strongest they had ever seen, but they promptly got together and formed a com- bination to keep down the price. 1793 — The latest form of foot or treadle gin for cotton was introduced In Georgia from the Bahamas. 1796, December 7th — In his message to Congress President Washington recom- mended pecuniary encouragement for the establishment of institutions to promote agricultural interests. 1797 — John Adams, President of the United States, and served four years. 1'.'97 — Trustees of Massachusetts Agri- cultural Society commenced issuing tracts or bulletins. 1797 — Letters patent, signed by John Adtims. President, were issued in June of this year to Charles Newbold, of New Jersey, who invented the first cast-Iron plow ever made in America. Strange to say, the farmers had an idea that the cast-iron plow poisoned the land and promoted the growth of rocks! 1798 (about)— Robert Colling, breeder and improver of Shorthorn cattle, exhib- .ted a beautiful pure-bred heifer, known as "the white heifer that traveled." Esti- mated live weight, 2,300 pounds. 1798 — In this year Thomas Jefferson wrote an essay in which he discussed the best form and curvature of the mold board of plows, this being as far as known the first attempt in this country to apply scientific principles to such a prob- lem,- 1798— The tomato first brought to Philadelphia from Santo Domingo, but not regarded as a marketable product. 1798— The Shaker Community at Water- vliet, N. Y., made brooms of broom com. 1798 — ^In this year, in Kentucky, was begun the Dufours vineyard, where the first great American grape, the Cape — an offshoot of the fox-grape — was propa- gated. This grape was popular ki the early half of the nineteenth century. 1798— Smithfleld (London) Club organ- iezd. Duke of Bedford, President; Arthur Young, Secretary. Object, to promote improvement In cattle. Annual cattle show Instituted; first exhibition the fol- lowing year. 1798 — The Mcintosh apple, a winter variety of Northern origin, discovered by John Mcintosh, at Dundela, Ontario, Canada. 1799, July 4th— The first patjnt for a reaping machine in England was granted to Joseph Boyce, of Pine Apple Place, at Mary-le-bone, a northwestern suburb of London. 1799— On the 13th day of October a trot- ting match was decided on Sunbury Com- mon, England, between Mr. Dixon's brown gelding and Mr. Bishop's gray gelding, each carrying 168 pounds. The race was won in 27 minutes 10 seconds The distance Is not stated,' but the time shows that it was a trial of endurance as K?'} ^® ,^P^®J3- ^^is 'tem is from the book by Dr. Elwood Harvey. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 21 THE DOMESTIC SHEEP. Its Culture and Management. Henry Stew^art's New Book. BEATRICE — A Famous Cheviot Ewe. A twentieth century book. Up to date in every particular. A profoundly scientific and practical treatise on sheep, embracing the history, character, merits and demerits of all known breeds. It treats In a practical and exhaustive manner the Science of Breeding: What crosses are admissible and desirable; the development of type; the formation and management of flocks, large and small. Sheep diseases and how to treat them. Sheep dipping and dips — their uses and abuses. The successful breeding and feeding of mutton sheep and lambs. The growth of special summer and winter crops for sheep and their relative value. The nature, fiber, growth, grades, preparation and marketing of wool. Sheep barns, sheds, feeding devices, hurdles, etc., illustrated. The influence of climate, soils and environment on the development of sheep. Illustrations of the different breeds in rich half-tones of typical sheep, and every other subject germane to the sheep, wool and mutton industry. This book of 384 pages is an invaluable guide to the new beginner and a wise counsellor to the older sheepman. It is the crowning work of an eminent, life- long and enthusiastic student of sheep life ir> all sheep countries. We will send one copy of THE DOMESTIC SHEEP by mail, postpaid, and The National Farmer and Stock Grower forgone year, for One Dollar and Fifty Cents. Address, THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 22 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1799 — First Tunis slieep Imported into this country from Africa by Gen. Wm. Eaton, United States Consul. He sent ten Head on the ship Sophia, bound for the United States. One ram and one ewe only survived the voyage. This pair was bred under care of Judge Richard Pfeters, of Belniont, near Philadelphia, until he had a fine flock. The imported pair were finally killed by dogs, the owe raising her last lamb at the age oi six- teen years. 1799 — Old Diomede, a thoroughbred, the first Derby winner In England, iirl- ported into Virginia at age of 20 years. Father of the American saddle horse. 1799 — In this year Louis Lesson estab- lished a trading post at Montrose, in Lee county, Iowa, and planted near his cabin a small orchard of about 100 trees that he brought from St. Charles, Missouri. This is the first authentic record of fruit cult- ure in Iowa. 1799 — One of the earliest works on horticultural subjects published in North America was an American edition of "Marshall's Introduction to the Knowl- edge and Practice of Gardening," issued in Boston in this year. 1800 — John Patten removed from Ken- tucky to Chillicothe, O., taking with him some cattle of the English breed which his father had moved from Virginia to Kentucky. ISOO — The Northern Spy, a famous apple, was originated in New York state about this year. 1800 — In this year Leicester sheep were imported into Canada by Rev. Mr. Toofy, of Quebec. 1800 — In this year Mr. Ben Davis bSgan the cultivation of the orchard in which was originated the apple bearing his Tiame. He was born in Prince Edwards county, Virginia, in 1776, and in 1800 removed to Butler county, Kentucky, where he acquired a large tract of land, and up to the outbreak of the Civil War owned about twenty slaves. He was the pioneer apple grower and nurseryman of that section of the country, and his long experience in propagating finally pro- duced the Ben Davis apple. 1800 — Bernard McMahon, gardener, seedsman and author, opened a seed store in Philadelphia. 1800 — Thomas Bates, of Kirklevington appears as breeder of Shorthorn cattle. This herd was bred and held together fifty years. 1800 (about)— The frigate Constitution brought a Maltese jack to the United States from her first cruise in the Medi- terranean. 1800 — Farmers' Magazine established. Edited by Robert Brown, of Markle; con- tinued until 1827. Great help to British agriculture. 1800 (about) — Richard England, of Bingham, and Jonas Reeve, of Wighton of Norfolk, England, commenced the im- provement of Red Polled cattle. 1801 — Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, and served eight years. to 1809. 1801 — Edwin Hammond born; died 1870: great improver of Atwood Merino sheep. 1801 — ^A communication to the Massa- chusetts Agricultural Society contained the germ of a movement In behalf of agriculture, resulting in the holding of Fairs. It was recommended that ' small bounties be given for certain articles." 1801— In this year M. Delessert, a 'French banker, owning a farm near Kingston, N. T.; made an attempt to im- port some sheep of the French Rambouil- let Merinos. Unfortunately three out of four perished during the voyage, and the survivor, a ram, was, placed on his farm. According to A. L. Morrell, author of the American Shepherd, this was the first Individual of the breed introduced into this country. SPANISH MEKINO RAM — Picture rep- resenting this breed when they were -first impol'ted a hundred years ago. The im- provement by the American breeder repre- sents three for one in fleece-bearing capacity. 1801 — In October of this year Mr. Seth Adams, of Massachusetts, imported a Merino ram and ewe ftom France. He received an award of $50 from the Agri- cultural Society of Massachusetts for the importation of a pair of sheep of superior breed. ISOl^Straw or chafC-cuttlng machine invented by Lester. A tribute to Johnri> AiMib'seed. 1801 — It was about this time that an eccentric man, known as "Johnny Apple- seed," began planting apple seed throughout Indiana and adjacent terri- tory. His method was to scatter them broadcast, and he lived to see 100,000 acres in orchards of his planting. 1802— John Biddis, of Pennsylvania, secured in this co'untry a patent for making potato starch. 1802 — Tomatoes introduced at Salem Mass., by Michelo Corne, an Italian painter, but he had considerable difficulty in persuading people to eat them. 1802 — ^A Pennsylvanian named Murray emigrated to Buncombe county j N. C. ten miles southeast of Ashevllle, and in this year found the tjatawba grapes growing wild. This grape was brought THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 23 Into general notice by Major John Adlum, of Qeorgetown, D. C. 1S02 — Mr. Livingston, of New York state, Minister to France, imported two pairs of Merino sheep. 1802 — Colonel David Humphreys, United States Minister to the Court of Spain, being succeeded by Hon. Chas. Pinckney, was tendered by the King of Spain a cus- tomary present to retiring Ministers of ten bars of gold, weighing one pound each, but as the law forbids a TJnited States Minister receiving presents from a foreign court. Colonel Humphreys de- clined it, but requested the privilege of buying and taking 200 Merino she^p out of the country. The Spanish Court did not formally grant permission but allowed the exportation to be made. The sheep were pure Transhumantes or herded sheep, and represent the importation which established the Spanish Merino sheep in America. 1803 — Levi Thurston employed the first tilt hammer at Orange, Mass., for the purpose of making scythes. 1S03 (about) — A Shorthorn cow re- turned to England from America; the owner also returning to his native country. , 1803 — Steam engine first used as thrashing power by Mr. Aitcbison, of Drumore, BnglaTid. 1803 (about) — American cranberry first grown at Cape Cod, Mass. 1S03, April 30th — I-ouisiana Territory purchased from the French. 1803, November 19th — ^Jedediah Turner, of Cazenovia, N. T., took but a pateijt on a threshing machine, to be operated by horse, ox or wind power, and warranted to thresh 150 bushels of wheat per day. 1804 — Bananas were first imported into the United States in 1804 by Captain John N. Chester, of the schooner Reynard, and consisted of thirty bunches. 1804 — Dr. James Mease, in Willich's Domestlck Encyclopedia, describes the Wiiiesap apple as follows-: "Winesap— An autumn fruit of deep red colour, and sweet, sprightly taste; makes excellent cyder. * * * cultivated by Samuel Coles, of Moore's-town, New Jersey." 1804 — Horticultural Society of London founded by Sir Jos. Banks and associates. 1S04— Mr. John Price, of Ryall, Here- fordshire, first bought Hereford cattle, breeding continuously until 1841. 1804 — "The Pennsylvania Farmer," pub- lished in Philadelphia, describes broom corn; "A useful plant, the cheapest and best for making brooms, velvet whisks, etc." 1S04— Dr. Thornton, first United States Commissioner of Patents, proposed that Fairs be held on market days at Wash- ington, after the English fashion. First Fair held in October of this year. 1804 — Humboldt writes on distribution of plants. 1805 — Ice, now so much used in keeping meats and fruit, began to be exported, the pioneer being Frederick Tudor, of Boston. The first cargo was sent to Martinique. 1805 (about)^Ground bones began to be used in England as manure for turnips. 1806— In the fall of this year Grant Thorburn began to sell seeds in New York and built up a substantial business. 1805 — In this year record was made of a perry pear tree in Holme Lacy, Here- fordshire, England. It covered more than half an acre of ground, the branches bending down and taking root, and in turn producing others in the same way. From this tree fifteen hogsheads of perry was made in a single year. 1806 — Publication of Bernard Mc- Mahon's American Gardeners' Calendar, first recorded history of American horti- culture. 1S06 — In France, Napoleon restored government stud establishments de- stroyed by the revolution. 1806— Wm. R. Dickerson, of Steuben- ville, O., commenced sheep raising by a purchase of Spanish Merinos from Mr. James Caldwell, of Pennsylvania. 1806 — What is generally accepted, as being the first authentic fast record of American trotters is' spoken of. This was 2:51) for a mile trotting made by the horse "Yankee" (breeding unknown), at Harlem, N. Y. 1806- Velocity, dam of Bellfounder, trotted on the NorWich road, in England, sixteen miles, in one hour, and thougji she broke fifteen times into a gallop a.nd as often turned round, she won her match. Two years later she trotted twenty-eighf miles in one hour and forty-seven m.inutes. 1807 — In this year Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike, of the United States Army, who had previt)usly explored the West and discovered Pike's Peak, was arrested in Spanish territory as a trespasser and escorted back by way of New and Old Mexico to the sea coast, thence to the United States. In passing through the Mexican province of Durango he found a stock ranch on which 100,000 sheep, cattle and horses were owned by one ranchman. 1807 — In this year Mr. George Culley, of England, published a book entitled ''Ob- servations on Live Stock," in which it was stated that Alderney cows were kept by the Nobility for the rich milk which they gave to support the luxury of the tea table. 1S07 — The double white Banksian rose introduced into England from China, and named in honor of Lady Banks. I!i07 — The Beurre Bose pear raised by Dr. Von Mons and named Calebosse Bose in honor of a distinguished Belgian cul- tivator. 1807 — Count Rumford observed that plants deprived of carbonic acid die, and about this time Ingenhousz, another in- vestigator, proved that they absorbed carbonic acid only under the infiuenco of sunlight. This led to the general basi5 of agricultural chemistry, that plants live mainly on inorganic matter. 1807— Martyn's edition of Miller's? "Gardeners' Dictionary," published this year, enumerated 124 orchids. The orchids now number about 10,000 species. 1807 — In this year it was reported that a Bates Shorthorn cow (Duchess) gave 14 quarts of milk twice a day on grass alone, making 42 ounces (2 pounds 10 ounces) of butter per day. 1807— Mr. Basse Muller imported six Morino sheep at Philadelphia from the fiock of the Prince of Hesse-Cassel. 1807- Elkanah Watson, of Massachu- setts, beginning with an exhibition of two Merino sheep on the public square at Pittsfleld. Mass., soon developed an in- terest in live stock shows. 1807 — Eleazer Carver, of Bridgewater, Mass., commenced the manufacture of roller gins and saw mills in Mississippi and Louisiana. 1808— At show of East Norfolk Agri- cultural Society, Mr. Jonas Reeve, of Wighton, exhibited a Polled bull combin- ing the merits of the Norfolk and Suffolk varieties. First decided movement on improvement of Red Polled cattle. 24 THE DATE BOOK OF LIYI STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1S08 — Coram encement of public sheej) shearings- by George Washington Parke Custis at Arlington, Va., near Washing- ton, D. C. 1808 (about) — First jack stock Im- ported into the New England States from Cape de Verde Islands, 1X08 — Hugh Watson, of Forfarshire, Scotland, commences breeding Aberdeen- Angus cattle, he being 19 years of age. 1808, December — Four of the best flocks of Merino sheep in Spain being confis- cated by the Junta, were sold at Badajos to buyers from the United States and England. This was after the second in- vasion of the French into Spain. 1808 — In this year Hon. Wm. Jarvis im- ported Merino sheep from Spain. They were Paulars, Aiguerras, Negrettis, Bscu- rials and Mbntarcos. He bred them sep- arately until 1816, when he mixed them all together for the reason that they were very much alike, and he knew of no good reason why they should not be bred to- gether. 1808— The Hereford bull Wellington caU-ed this year, bred by Ben]. Tompkins, Jr., one of the famous sires of this breed; sold for $1,400. 1808 — Mr. Seth Adams moved his Me- rino sheep from Massachusetts to Mus klngum oountv, Ohio. 1809 — ^In this year Albert Gallatin men- tions a cotton mill as being operated by water power at Petersburg, Va. 1809 — Janies Madison, President of the United States, and served eight years. 1809 — Mr. Thomas Rotch migrated from Connecticut to Stark county, Ohio, with a few Merino sheep. 1809 — Twelve sheep of the Spanish Me- rino Esourial flock imported by Mr. Jarvis sold for a total of $15,000. 1809 — The Columbian Agricultural Sc- oiety instituted first organization to hold important Fairs. 1809 — Mr. Wra. Jarvis, of Vermont. Minister to Portugal, sent home 200 Spanish Merino sheep. 1810, August 25th— At Philadelphia. "Boston Horse," a chestnut gelding, 14 years old, trotted one mile in 2:48V4, in :\ sulky, for $600. This record is voubhfd for by J. H. Wallace, trotting authority, and now generally accepted as the first reduction of an established time record by an American trotter. li-10 — A well-known firm, Reitz, Van Breda & Joubert, agriculturists and ex- tended land proprietors in the districts of- Bredasdorp and Swellendam, South Africa, made first successful importation to that covmlry of Spanish Merino sheep, there being two bucks and twenty- five ewes in the importation. During the Napoleonic wars in Europe the wool of these sheep sold for 90 cents per pound. 1810 — Scarcely mere than one variety of the Moss rose was known at this timi'' though now there are more than a hundred. 1810 — The making of cheese as a busi- ness began m Herkeimer county, New York. 1810 — First American cigars made in the United Slates by Mrs. Prout. wife of a farmer of South Windsor, in the Con- necticut Valley. 1810 — The tea plant introduced into Brazil at Rio de Janeiro. 1?10 — By this time the invention of Nicholas Appert was used in England for canning fruits and vegetables. In this year an English patent was granted to one Peter Durand for a can made of tin to be used in hermetically sealing food, the paten*; also covering the use of glass, pottery and other fit- material. 1810— Mr. Seth Adams, of ZanesviUe. O., sold a pair of Merino sheep to Judge Todd, of Kentucky, for $1,500. 1810 (about)— Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, introduced fine jacks into that state from Spain. 1810— Partial sale of Shorthorn cattle by Robert Colling. Sixty-one cattle averaged $617.94 per nead. 1810— Sale of Shorthorn cattle by Charles Colling at Ketton, England; aver- age for forty-seven head, $757; top price for the bull Comet, $5,000. This was the dispersion of one of the greatest herds of cattle in Shorthorn history. The brothers Charles and Robert Colling had separate herds, and this was the first to be dis- persed. The CoUings were the first great improvers of modern Shorthorn cattle and they were first-class advertisers also by show-yard methods. 1810 — Captain . Wm. Smith bought Ji Shorthorn bull and took it to Fayette county, Kentucky. 1810 — The cranberry first cultivated from wild bog fruit in the vicinity of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. 1810 — In this year Albert Gallatin said of American household manufactures: "By far the greater part of the cotton, flax and woolen goods was manufact- ured in private families, mostly for their own use and partly for sale." 1810 — Sorghum recommended as a soil- ing crop under the name of Guinea corn by John Lorain, in memoirs of Phila- deljjhia Agricultural Society. 1810 — In this year 283 linseed-oil mills were enumerated in the United States, of which 171 were in the state of Pennsyl- vania. 1811 — The Merino Society organized in England with Sir John Banks as Presi- dent and fifty-four Vice-Presidents. 1811 — In this year Lord Braybooke, of Audley End, England, established a herd of Alderney cattle with one bull and eight cows which cost $94.70 per head delivered at his estate. 1811 — Spanish Merino sheep introduced into Silesia by Ferdinand Fischer, of Wirchehblatt. They were Nigrette and Infantado Merinos. 1811 — Mr. Abraham Heaton Imported Spanish Merino sheep, forty-two head. 1812— Shorthorn cattle of Virginia Im- portations taken to Ohio. ]*<'2 — Artificial heat first employed In cuiiiig tobacco to produce the piebald or spangled tobacco of Virginia to satisfy tlie foreign demand. 1S12 — A Mr. Cox, of England, arrived with a few Shorthorns, taking them into New York state. 1S12 — English wheat advanced to 126 sliillings and 6 pence per quarter. Hish- est in history. 3 812 — Importations of Leicester .sheep by Christopher Dunn, of Albany, N. Y. 1812 — At this time the factory of S. & A. Waters, of Amsterdam, N. Y., was turning out 6,000 scythes annually. 1313 — Foster & Murray, of Pittsburg, Pa., carried on the manufacture of scythes, sickles, hoes and shovels by .steam power. 1813 — Establishment of the famous .lock of Stephen Atwood, who was the breeder of Merino sheep for fifty-four years. He started with one ewe bred to a neighbor's buck; result, twins — a buck.and ewe lamb. 1814 — The seed of the Miner pl-.ini planted in Knox county, Tenn.. by William Dodd, an officer under Gun. Andrew Jackson. It went by different names for some time, and 'it is not certain how it became known as the Jliner. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 25 1814 — According to DeProrlville, a French writer, In this year there were only 124 varieties of roses, but by the advantage of multiplication by seed there are now more than (i,003 varieties. 1814 — ^Vtiluable purple and striped variety of sugar cane brought to Georsjia from West India Island of St. ^ustatius. 1814 — Richard Booth (son of Thoni;is) commenced breeding Shorthorn cattle at Studley, in Torkshire. 1814— Mr. Bezaleel Wells, of Fort Steu- ben, C, bought large numbers -if Merino sheep from Hon. Wm. Jarvis. 1814 — Texas or Southern cattla fever first mentioned. Dr. James Mease, of Philadelphia, said that cattle from South Carolina so certainly diseased all . others with which they mixed in their progress to the North that they were prohibited by the people of Virginia from passing through tliat state. 1814 — "Let us cultivate the ground, that the poor as well as the rich may be 'filled,' and happiness and peace be estab- lished throughout our borders." — On title page of Third Volume Memoirs of the Philadelphia Society For Promoting Agri- culture, published by Johnson & Warner. 1814 — Mr. Bezaleel Wells, Mr. Patterson, Henry Baldwin and James Ross wected a woolen factory at Steubenville, Ohio. 1814, December 28th — Birth of Sir John Bennett Lawes, of Hertfordshire, England, student of agricultural chemistry, whose field and animal experiments are of great service and value throughout the world. 1814 — Nicholson in the Farmers' As- sistant describes modern grasses and mentions that they seed freely. 1815 — Corn (wheat) laws of England re-enacted. 1815 — ^In this year Joseph Loudon Sla- cadam, a Scottish engineer, became Sur- veyor General of Roads at Bristol, Eng- land, and put into practical use the theo- ries he had thought out. This resulted in the Invention and development of what is now called the macadam road. 1S15 — General failures of American woolen manufacturers had disastrous results on the sheep-raising industry. 1815 — In this year, Louis Downing, of Salem, Mass., moved to Concord, and there began the manufacture of coaches and wagons. 1815— Robert Barclay, of Bury Hill, near Dorking, in England, received two plows, sent him by Judge Peters, Presi- dent of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society of America. When tested again.st the best English plows, they did the work with two horses which English plows did with four. 1815 — First references to th6 cowpea as good for forage and soil renovation. 1815 — ^About this time Ezra Doggett, an Englishman, brought the secret of canning goods to America and engaged in packing of hermetically sealed food and engaged in the business with his son-in-law, Thomas Kensett. 1816 — ^In this year died, on Boone's Creek, 'JVashington county, Tennessee, a farmer who propagated the Hoss apple, sometimes called "horse" apple. He was Jacob Hoss, great-grandfather of Bishop E. B. Hoss, and came there from Penn- sylvania in 1778. 1816 — The Oakes cow, famous in Massa- chusetts this year, gave 44 quarts of milk a day and made 467 pounds of butter in one year. 1816 — The Isabella grape, supposed tu be a native of Dorchester county, S. C, was taken north this year. It was intro- duced into New York by Mrs. Isabella Glbbs, of Brooklyn, and was named tor her. It was the third great American grape, being a shoot of the wild fox-grape. A TYPICAL POLAND-CHINA BOAR. — ROYAL DUDE, as a yearling, weighed 540 pounds. This is one of the champions at the Great St. Louis Pair, which at one time was the greatest Fair of all. 1816 — The "Big Chinas," large, white hogs, with sandy spots, taken to Warren county, Ohio. Berkshires following in 1830; Irish Graziers in 1839; and a breed called Byfields. All had something to do towards establishment of the breed of Poland-China swine. 1816 — This is known as the year with- out a summer. The corn crop failed for want of sunshine throughout the coun- try. At Watertown, N. T., on June 7th, there was ice three- eighths of an inch thick. In Maine, commencing on June 12th, snow fell for three days, and the earth was frozen half an inch deep. 1817 — James Monroe, President of- the United States, and served eight years. 1817 — In Philadelphia appeared "The View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees" by Wm. Coke, credited as being the first American pomologieal booK, 1317 — The Hessian fiy, so called from the supposition that it was brought to this country in some straw by the Hes- sian soldiers during the Revolutionary War, scientifically described by the nat- uralist Thomas Say. 1817 — The "Missouri Intelligencer and Boon's Lick Advertiser," the first news- paper publication in Missouri printed at Old Franklin, in Howard county. It was necessarily somewhat of a farmers' paper. 1817 — First pure-bred Devon cattle im- ported by Mr. Patterson, of Baltimore, from the English herd of the Earl of Leicester. 1817 — First pedigreed Shorthorn bulls imported into the United States by Samuel M. Plopkins, of Moscow, N. T. 1817 — Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, Imported Hereford cattle, four head. 1817 — Colonel Lewis Sanders, of Ken- tucky, imported eight Shorthorn cattle and four Longhorns. 1817 — Felix Reniok, of Kentucky, drove 100 prime fat Shorthorn steers to Phila- delphia, nnd sold them for $134 per head on the beef market. Mr. Reniok was the first man to drive cattle over the Alle- gheny Mountains to the New York market. 1817— In his book, "View of the Culti- vation of Fruit Trees," published in Phil- adelphia by Mr. Coke, he illustrated and described the Winesap apple and charac- terized it as then "becoming the most favorable cider fruit in West Jersey." This book is considered as being the beginning of systematic pomology in America. 1817 — A few Longhorn cattle from Eng- land imported into Kentucky, but soon crossed with other breeds and lost sight of. 26 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOpK AND AGRICULTURE. 1817— The Noisette rose, raised by John Champney, of Charleston, S. C. from seed of the Musk rose, fertilized by a blush China rose. From the seed of this hylirid Philippe Noisette, a florist of Charleston, obtained a rose which was afterwards distributed as Blush Noisette by his brother Louis, of Paris. 1818 — ^In this year Elisha Mills, from the New England States, established himself as a pork packer in Cincinnati. This was the beginning of a great industry in Cin- cinnati, which gave that city prominence for many years and became for a time the great, pork-packing center of the country. 1S18 — Crimson clover introduced into the United States by Bedingfleld Hands, of Chestertown. -Md. 1818 — Importation of Devon cattle from England by Hon.Rufus King, of New York. 1818 — High water on the river Nile, 3i^ feet above proper level, destroying crops. First record of great flood in modern agriculture. 1818 — Dearborn's seedling pear raised this year by H. A. S. Dearborn, of Boston. 1818 — Robert Walker, of Kincardshire, Scotland, commenced breeding Aberdeen- Angus cattle, continuing until his death in 1874. 1818 — ^New York Horticultural Society established; flrst organizfttion of its kind in the United States. 1818 — Mr. James Prentice, of Lexington, Ky., imported bulls of Shorthorn blood. 1818— Sale of Shorthorn cattle by Mr. Robert Colling, of Brampton. Sixty-one head averaged $644.35. 1818 — Steam engines on condensing principle erected at East Lothian, Scot- land, to propel thrashing machinery. One of these was doing good work fifty- Ave years later. 1818 — ^A sea captain, James Jeffries, brought over a pair of white hogs show- ing bluish spots on skin, since known as Bedford hogs, from English county in which they originated. He placed them on his farm at West Chester, Pa. . 1818, September 15th — ^Five great abat- toirs in Paris, France, opened up, where all cattle, hogs and sheep for Parisians wero slaughtered. These were the models of the world -and had no rivals until in recent years American slaughter and packing houses have surpassed them. 1818 — Porter's Spirit of the Times of December 26th, 1866, says: "The first time ever a horse trotted in public for a stake was in 1818, and that was a match against time for $1,000. It was a bet that no horse could trot a mile in three min- utes. It was accepted by Major Wra. Jones, of Long Island, and Colonel Bond, of Maryland. The horse named at the post was Boston Blue, who won cleverly, and gained great renown. Boston Blue was taken to England, where he trotted eight miles in 28 minutes 55 seconds. He was a rat-tailed, iron-gray gelding, 16 hands high, and nothing is known of his pedigree. 1819 — ^In this year Chevalier barley, the best type for malting, was originated in Suffolk, England. 1819 — First American patent for im- provement in farm hoes was registered by C. Bulkley, of Colchester, Conn. 1819 — In April, John Stuart Skinner, r,t Maryland, established The American Farmer at Baltimore, the flrst agricult- ural journal in America. Thomas Jeffer- son and Andrew Jackson were patrons. 1819 — The Bourbon rose was introduced Into France by Jacques, head gardener of the Duke of Orleans, at Neuilly, who re- ceived It in 1819 from Breon, Director of the Royal gardens In the Isle of Bourbon. 1819— Part of the Hereford herd of B. Tompkins, Jr., sold at auction after hia death. Average for twenty-eight cattle, $745 per head; top-price bull, $2,940; highest- priced cow, $1,365. 1820 — Charles Mitchell, a London-born Englishmian arriving from Scotland, en- tered the employment of Wm. Underwood & Compan^', formed for the purpose of engaging in the business of canning food. 1820 — In this year, Colebrook, in Litch- field county, Mass., returned the largest manufacture of scythes of any town in the United States. 1820 — ^Appearance of the midge in Ver- mont, the first insect known to ravage the wheat crop. 1820— At this time the firm of P. F. Farwell & Co., of West Fitsburg, Mass., was making a good reputation as manu- facturers of scythes, which industry was kept up many years. Successful grape growing. 1820 — The United States Department of Agriculture credits Mr. John Adlum with making the first really successful effort at grape growing on the Atlantic Coast. In this year *he planted a vineyard near Georgetown, D. C, consisting of native vines. His introduction of the Catawba variety into general cultivation was the beginning of a new era in grape history. 1820 — Dr. Waring made a good edible oil from cotton seed at Columbia, S. C. 1820 — In this year the price of scythes ranged from $12 to $18 per dozen. 1820 — Alfalfa clover was tried this year in New York state. 1820 — The census of this year enumer- ated a population of 9,637,999, Including 2,070,646 persons engaged in agriculture. 1820— Richard W. Meade. Minister to Spain, imported Merino sheep from Spain at Philadelphia; principal foundation stock of Delaine Merinos. 1820 — "Young Clydesdale" stallion gained highest premiums at Scotch Agri- cultural Shows. Sold at five years old for $600 at zenith of popularity. 1820— Colonel James Ridley, of David- son county, Tennessee, earliest pioneer .lack breeder of that state, bought the jack Compromise in Virginia. 1820— A stallion, "Young Rattler," noted for stylish, high-headed appearance and proud-stepping action. Ancestor of French coach horses. 1820 — Steam In closed circuits intro- duced in greenhouses, followed by hot- water heating. 1820 — Closing out of the Shorthorn herd of Mr. Robert Colling, of Brampton. THE DATE BOOK OF LJVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 27 1820— The great Arabian stallion "Galli- polis." imported into France. Great orig- inal sire of horses of the Peroheron breed. «««. 1 m c^^^i'^^^P^ ''-■■7!i BERKSmRB BOAR— CARLOS VIC- TOR, 2d. A three-year-old, weighing 700 pounds. Took first prize at several State Ffvirs and at St. Louis. Exhibited by Etzler & Moses, of Convoy, Ohio. 1820 — Lord Harrington, great early im- prover of Berkshire swine, commenced selection and breeding. 1821 — Philip Dauncey, of England, father of English Jersey cattle breeders, bought a cow which he called "Pug." She gave 11 quarts of milk per day, from whicii he made 11% pounds of butter a week. 1821 — Lucerne or alfalfa clover men- tioned by a writer in South Carolina as a, most valuable soiling crop. 1821— In this year Thomas Massey, of Delaware, advocated soiling for the dairy, recommending corn as being of great value for the purpose. 1821 — Keen's Seedling, a variety ot strawberry raised by Keene, of Isleworth fnear London), the celebrated English strawberry grower. 1821 — In The American Farmer of this year Caleb Kirk described a mill for cleaning clover seed. 1821 — Wm. Berry, of "Washington county. Pennsylvania, purchased a ram a:nd ewes from W. R. Dickinson's flock and established the Black Top Spanish Merino sheep. 1821 — First steam-driven mill for crush- ing sugar cane erected In Louisiana. 1822 — According to Major Henry E. Al- vord, authority on dairy cattle, the nrst Ayrshlres in America were brought to New York in this year. 1822 — The Baston (Mass.) Spade and Shovel Manufactory commenced by Oliver Ames was making 2,500 dozen shovels annually. 1822 — July 11th of this year records the importation into America of the thor- oughbred stallion Bellfounder, bred in the district of Norfolk, England, and bought by James Boot, of Boston, and imported by him. Bellfounder was a bright, beau- tiful bay, with black legs, fifteen hands high. He was said at the time to be the fastest and best, bred horse sent out of England. At five years old he trotted two miles In six minutes and later trotted nine miles in thirty-two minutes, with twenty-two seconds to spai'e. 1822 — Thomas Green Fessenden founded the New England Farmer at Boston, Mass., and edited it until his death in 1837. This publication is now discon- tinued. 1822 — Peter Hendersoh, market gar- dener, seed grower and horticultural author, born in this year near Edinburgh, Scotland, 1822- The Seven Sisters' Rose Intro- duced into England from Japan by Thun- berg. 1822 — First Shorthorn Herd Book pub- lished Jn England. 1822 — In his American Orcliardist, _ the editor, James Thatcher, gave valuable directions for the selection of seed in at- tempting to produce improved fruits and vegetables. 1822- Henry Kelsey, of Florida, Mont- gomery county, N. Y., imported a pair o( red hogs from England. These hogs were afterwards called Durocs, named for a famous horse he owned. DUROC-JBRSBT SOW— HATTIE SBCK, as a yearling, weighing 500 pounds. Won sweepstakes at St. Louis Fair. Exhibited by N. B. Gutler, of Carthage, 111. 1823, January 1st — Students first re- ceived at Gardiner Lyceum, an Institution tor instruction of mechanics and farmers. Rev. Benjamin Hale, first President. The institution was named in honor of Robert Hallowell Gardiner, who obtained the grant ot $1,'000 per year to put the first agricultural college on its feet. They had twenty regular students ■ the first year, besides others who attended the short course In winter. 1823 — Jean-Le-Blanc, a remarkable Percheron stallion, foaled in this year. To this sire a great portion of the finest, large . Percheron horses trace their origin. He is considered as the great improving agent of his race. He died at thirty-two years of age, the property of M. Miard, of Villiers, Department of Orne. He was- a Percheron of the purest blood, strength- ened by infusion of the Arab. 1823, May 23d — Historic sectional con- test in horse racing between the North and the South. American Eclipse repre- sented the North, and Henry, or, as he was originally named Sir Henry, repre- sented the South. Eclipse won two four- mile heats out of three. Time, 7:37%, 7:49 and 8:24. Average heats. 7:57, or 1 minute 57 seconds to the mile. 1823"— Grant Thorburn's (New York) seed catalogue' at this time was the only one issued in pamphlet form. 1823 — Henry Eckford, famous as im- prover of plants, born in Scotland. "Our gardens owe much of their sweetness and beauty to him, and his work has brought a blessing to many a humble fiower lover who never heard his name." 1823 — Abdallah, son of Mambrino, and sire of Hambletonian, a horse of very remarkable and positive character, was foaled In this year on Long Island, N. Y., and bred by John Treadwell. Abdallah lived until 1854. 1823 — James McDowell, Improver of Dickinson Merinos, commenced herdins sheep in Stark county, Ohio, ending as breeder in 1887. 1823 — Berkshire swine introduced into the United States by Joh-n Brentnall, an English farmer living In New Jersey, 28 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. ' 1823— Hon. Chas. Rich, of Shoreham. Vt.. established a flock of Spanish Mer'no sheop. 1824 — By act of Parliament, the English acre was required to contain 4,840 square yards. 1824 — Thomas Berwick, an English animal artist, said of the zebra: "Such is the beauty of this creature that it seems by nature fitted to satisf-"' the pride and formed for the service of man, and it is most probable that time and assiduity alone are wanting to bring it under sub- jection." 1824 — The Merino buck Bolivar, owned by Wm. R. Dickinson, of Steubenville, O., won first premium in wool sheep classes at Washington, D. C. 1824 — The Acadians in Louisiana intro- duced a new method by which tobacco wa." cured under intense pressure in its own Juice. 1825 — ^Mr. John J. Coiron introduced new seed plants of sugar cane from Georgia, but originally from the island of Eustatius. 1825 — First tobacco warehouse estab- lished in Connecticut at Warehouse Point. 1325 — John Quincy Adams, President of the United States, and served four years. 1825 — Floriculture, originated in Phila- delphia, commenced to be of importance about this time. 1825, March 15th — The following adver- tisement appeared in the Indianapolis Journal: "Seed oats and potatoes. The subscriber has for sale at his residence on Circle street, Indianapolis, a quantity of peed oats, largely Early Blue, White Marino and red potatoes." The adver- tisement was signed by Isaac Coe. 1825 — James Moores, of Steubenville, O., sold the wool clip from one hundred sheep at one dollar per pound. 1825 — ^A.vrshire cattle mentioned by agricultural writer Alton. 1825 — Colonel W. S. Hamilton, son of Alexander Hamilton, made a contract to supply beef to the garrison of Fort Howard at Chicago, 111., and for this pur- pose bought and started a drove of cattle from Springfield, 111. This was the first shipment of Illinois cattle to Chicago. Previously the garrison had been supplied from Cleveland and Buffalo. The cattle referred to cost $10.00 per head, and a young man named John Hamlin accom- panied them as drover. 1825 — ^In this year Luoien B. Maxwell, an American, who had traveled to the Cimarron river, was married to a daugh- ter of Charles Beaubien, a pioneer Frenchman, inheriting an Immense tract of land since known as the "Maxwell Grant." In his later days Mr. Maxwell owned 1,000 horses, 10,000 cattle and 40,000 sheep. He employed 500 men, and was the first American ranchman of prominence in that section of the South- west. 1825 — In this year a large ox was men tioned in the newspapers: "A fat ox in- tended for the Nefv York market was reared at Shaftesbury, Vermont, and was exhibited at Troy, N. Y., March 28. It was seven years old and of the real American breed and said to weigh 2,772 pounds." 1825 — The Daily Advertiser in Sep- tember of this year said: "The Saxon sheep imported by G. & T. Searle were sold at Brighton, near Boston. The highest price given for a single one was $450, and another was sold for $325, and the average price, including lambs, was $160 per head. The -urchasers were nearly all gentlemen experienced in rais- ing sheep. 1825, August 1st — The following adver- tisement appeared in the Indianapolis Journal: "Henderson & Blake will give six cents a pound- in specie for all the fresh- dug Ginseng that is delivered to them. The Ginseng must not be washed but be free from curls and cut roots." 1825— In this year a party started from Franklin, Mo., to New Mexico. They were eighty strong and had with them 200 horses and mules. They reached Santa Je, 931 miles from the place of starting, in due time. In record of this expedition it is said that after reaching New Mexico the first civilized habitation met with was owned by Juan Peno, who, in addition to owning cattle and horses, had flocks amounting to 150,000 sheep. 1825, October — A fat hog news item ap- pearing in this year gives some idea of swine raising at the time. "A hog is feeding in Forks township, Northampton county, Pennsylvania, that weighs more than 800 pounds; is 8 feet 9 inches long and 7 feet in circumference. He is rap- idly increasing in bulk and expected to weigh above 1,000 pounds at Christmas." 1826 — In this year this horticultural item appeared and read as follows: "It has been ascertained by experiment that linseed oil being washed over trees pre- viously to their budding out will render them impervious to frost." 1826' — In this year Hon. Wm., Jarvis, of Weathersfleld, Vermont, said that he began to cross his imported flock of Spanish Merinos with Saxony sheep. At that time his average fleece was 3 pounds 14 ounces to 4 pounds 3 ounces. fiUs buck fleeces ranged from 5% to 6% pounds. 1826 — ^According to a letter written by Hon. Wm. Jarvis, a great importer of sheep, foot rot was brought into this country with the sheep Imported from Saxony in this year. He also said: "Foot rot was totally unknown among Spanish Merinos." 1826 — The Indiana Journal, published at Indianapolis, contained advertisement of John Francis Dufour, Postmaster at Vevay, Indiana. He proposed to publish a weekly agricultural journal under the title of the Western Farmer. The announced subscription price was $3.00 a year. 1826— A horse named Trouble trotted a mile in 2:43. 1826 — "Learning," a deep yellow corn, originated with Mr. J. S. Leaming, of Wilmington, O. This is the earliest ct eight varieties of corn recognized by the Illinois Seed Corn Breeders' Association. 1S26 — First official cotton quotation record. Middling upland cotton. New York market, highe.st price of the year, 14 cents; lowest, 9 cents per pound. 1S26— First mill established for the ex- traction of oil from cotton seed at Columbus, S. C. 1S26 — Agricultural school founded as private institution at Grignon, near Paris. The oldest agricultural institution in France. 1826 — Maryland Agricultural Society offered a special premium to owner of lamb shearing the greatest quantity of picklock wool; won by W. R. Dickinson of Steubenville, O. 1826— The flrst drove of hogs on record as being received at Chicago were driven from the Wabash river during the winter of 1826-7. They were brought In by Gur- dan S. Hubbard, who sold them to the soldiers at Fort Howard and the citizens surrounding the fort. 1S27 — Mr. Parsons Gorham, of Cincin- nati, sold seeds and was one of the early Western merchants carrying a supply of seeds, THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 29 SWINE HUSBANDRY-T^ A Practical Manual For the Breeding, Rearing and Management of Swine, With Suggestions as to the Prevention and Treatment of Their Diseases. By HON. F. D. COBURN, Secretary of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture. Swine Husbandry Is a work which, from the date of its first publication, has had no successful competitor and has maintained, as It still maintains, its place at home and abroad as a standard authority upon the subject which it treats. In fact, it is the only work devoted to what Its author terms hogs and hog raising, as distinguished from pigs in the sense that they are regarded in the Atlantic Coast States and Great Britain. The work was prepared strictly from an American standpoint and especially for those who live in the great corn and swine-producing regions of the United States. "While its author has all his life been identified with the agricultural and live stock husbandry of the regions mentioned, his extensive experience as a breeder has enabled him to give in this work the best information and experience obtainable for hog raisers everywhere. After chapters showing the magnitude and importance of the swine industry of the commercial world, the work takes up all the standard breeds in detail and treats concisely of their origin and history. This is followed by numerous chapters on their breeding, feeding, management, fattening, slaughtering, curing and preserving, covering the many details of the business from mating to mar- keting; from pen to pickling. To these are also added many interesting facts bearing on the causes, symptoms, prevention and cure of the various diseases with which swine are afllicted, based upon the studies and experiences of our most skillful veterinarians and breeders who have had the largest opportunity to stiidy the subject. Contents of the New Revised and Enlarged Edition. Chapter I. — Introductory. Chapter II. — ^Value of the Hog Product. Chapter III.— ^The Poland-Chinas. Chapter IV. — Chester Whites. Chapter V. — The Berkshires^ Chapter VI. — The SufEolks. Chapter VII. — The Essex. Chapter ■ VIII. — The Yorkshires, Cheshire or Jefferson County Swine of New York — Lan- cashires — Victorias — Neapolitans — Jersey Reds — Durocs. Chapter IX. — Relative Merits of the Suffolk, Essex and Berkshire. Chapter X. — The Boar — How to Choose and How to Keep Him. Chapter XI. — The Sow and' Her Pigs. Chapter XII. — Castrating and Spaying. Chapter XIII. — Pasture and Summer Food. Chapter XTV. — ^Fattening. Chapter XV. — Cooking Food For • Swine— Food Cookers. Chapter XVI. — Hogs and Houses and Pens. Chapter XVII. — Slaugh- tering, Curing and Preserving. Chapter XVIII. — Hog Feeding and Pork Making. Chapter XIX. — The Effects of Cold Weather on Fattening Swine. Chapter XX.— Feeding For Fat and Lean. Chapter XXI. — The Gradual Disappearance of White Swine From American Farms. Chapter XXII. — Some General Observations. Chapter XXIII. — ^Diseases of Swine and Their "Treatment. Chapters XXIV and XXV.^^he So-called "Hog Cholera." Chapter XXVI. — ^Various Other Diseases Common to Swine. Illustrated, 5x7 inches, 311 pages. Bound in Cloth. We will send The National Farmer and Stock Grower for one year and a copy of Coburn's Swine Husbandry, postpaid, on receipt of $1.50. Address, THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 30 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1827 — Fli-st slaugfhter house in Chicago built of logs by Archibald Clybourne. Tlie first drove of hogs was received at Chicago this year. 1827, October Sd— "Rattler," (pedigree unknown), placed the trotting record for two miles at 5:24. 1827 — In this year, in England, a Mr. Clark, of Canwick, exhibited two wether Lincoln sheep in the Lincoln market. The fleeces had yielded 12 pounds each. When slaughtered, the carcass of the larger one weighed 261 pounds; each of the fore quarters weighed 73 pounds, and the hind quarters 57Vi pounds. On the top of the rib the solid fat measured 9 inches in thickness. 1827— The earlest recorded apple tree planting in Kansas was in this year by Reverend Thomas Johnson, near Shaw- neetown, Johnson county. 1827 — The idea of condensing milk to make it keep better occurred this year to a French chemist named Appert. Seven years later the method of evaporating the milk in rarefied air to prevent it fronj reaching the boiling point was first used. 1827 — In this year Archibald Clybourne opened a butcher shop in Chicago, and during the winter of 1833 established a slaughter house on North Branch, south of Bloomingdale Road. This is the be- ginning of Chicago's manufacturing and pacldng interests. 1827— Statement by Grant Thorburn: "Besides good seeds good gardeners are necessary in making a garden flourish. ' 1827 — ^As marking the development of the Western country it is recorded that in this year a permanent settlement was made by white men on the west bank ol the Missouri river. It was first protected by a military cantonment afterwards called Fort Leavenworth, in honor of Colonel Henry H. Leavenworth, the commander of the troops. 1827 — The South Carolina Railroad Company organized and operated by horses. 1S28^"A Treatise on Horticulture," the first comprehensive book on the subject in the United States, written by William Prince, of Long Island. 1828 — ^Nicholas Longworth, of Cincin- nati, by introducing native vines or their seedlings, produced from Catawba and Isabella grapes wine of a high mar- ketable value. 1828 — A Mr. Cobbett attempted to raise Indian (American) corn in England. He published a book, entitled "A Treatise on Cobbetfs Corn." 1828 — At East Hartford, Conn., Timothy Deming first undertook the manufacture of horse collars. He invented the short straw collars and the blocks on which to make them. 1828 — An old market report. From the Indianapolis Journal, July Sd: "Market at this place — Flour, J2.50 per 100 pounds; corn meal. 50 cents per bushel; bacon, 8 cents per pound and much in demand. A scarcity of the latter article may be at- tributed to the number of hogs wHich were driven from this section of the country during the last fall to a foreign market." The foreign market in all prob- ability was Cincinnati. 1828, August 3d — Birth of Andrew S. Fuller, farmer, mechanic, horticultural writer and improver of flowers and fruits. He died in 1896. His "Small Fruit Calt- urist" is published in several languages. 1828 — The following item appeared in the newspapers in November of this year: "We are informed that Mr. Israel Cole, of the town of Berkshire, Mass., has made this season 16,000 pounds of cheese from the milk of only twenty-eight cows, being on an average 571 pounds to each cow. His cheese is of the best quality and fetches with his established customers in New York one or two cents per pound more than that of ordinary dairies. The average price of cheesQ at this time was 12% cents per pound." 1828— A treatise on the rearing of silk worms by Dr. DeHazzi, of Munich, was translated from the German by Mr. James Mease, of Washington, D. C, by order of the United States Congress. 1828— In this year Peter Hayden, of Cummington, Mass., commenced the man- ufacture of harness and saddlery at- Au- burn, N. T., this being the foundation of the largest American saddlery house. So great was his success that for the time being the importation of foreign saddleir ceased almost entirely through his efforts. 1829— Topgallant, a son of Coriander, dam by Bishop's Harabletonian, estab- lished the three-mile trotting record of 8:11. 1829 — Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, and served eight years. 1829 — ^An act of Parliament passed in England regulating the package, weight and sale of butter. 1829 — The soy bean flrst grown in America in the botanic garden at Cam- bridge. Mass. 1829, September 7th — The first pacer mentioned in the history of the light harness turf. Bowery Boy (pedigree un- known), established the two-mile pacing record at 5:04V2. 1829 — First locomotive engine tried on American continent to run on rails im- ported by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. It weighed seven tons and was considered tod heavy. The engine was known as the Stourbridge Lion. 1829, September — The first number of the American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine was issued in New York, with John S. Skinner as editor. Ten years , later this paper was absorbed by the Spirit of the Times. 1829 — In this year the first poultry in- cubator constructed was exhibited in London, England. It was a hot-water incubator, and was not at all satisfactory. 1829— The /tomato first sold on the market in Philadelphia. 1829 — The Jonathan apple originated in New York about this year. 1829 — Straw and grass first utilized in the United States for the manufacture of paper by G. A. Schyrock. of Philadelphia. 1829, November 26th— Great inundation of the Nile, in Egypt, begins. About 30,000 people perish by the overflow. 1830 — First practical locomotive engine for every-day work built at West Point Foundry, New York, for the South Caro- lina Railroad. 1S30 — ^In the early part of this year the B. & O. Railway was finished from Bal- timore to EUicott Mills, a distance of thirteen miles. It was operated by horses. ' 1830 — ^Prince, in his "Treatise on the Vine," published this year, described 81 native grapes of America. Two or three thousand varieties have been dissemi- nated since, which are the offspring of our native species. 1830 (about)— Oxford Down sheep orig- mated by a cross of Cotswolds, Hamp- ,3hires and probably Southdowns. 1830 — Jersey cattle first imported into the United States. 1830 — Johnson grass Introduced into this country from Turkey. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 31 1.S30 — Jonathan Curran, of Murfrees- boro, Tenn., started breeding Jacks and jennets. 1830 — Light one-horse wagons fii'st ap- peared in Connecticut. 18S0— Wra. McComWe, of Tillifour, Scotland, founded a herd of Aberdeen- Angus cattle. 1830— Wm. Ensign, of Wilbur's Basin, town of Saratoga county, N. Y., com- menced breeding red hogs. 1830, June — ^In the American Turf Reg- ister and Sporting Magazine a contrib- utor suggests that trotting matches at regular periods would be as useful as the running races by thoroughbreds. 1830~MaJor Knox, of Danville, Ky., gi'eat breeder and prize winner, com- menced breeding jacks and jennets. 1830 — The vacuum pan erected in sugar house by Mr. Thomas Morgan in Louisi- ana, the pioneer of these appliances. 1830 — Japan clover first coming into notice In this country. It was an acci- dental Introduction, from Japan. CHESTER WHITE BOAR— EXPORT, as a two-year-old, weighing 700 pounds; was sweepstakes winner at St. Louis Fair. Exhibited by J. W. Dorsey & Sons, of Perry, 111. The St. Louis Fair referred to is the Great St. Louis Fair, first opened in 1856. 1830 — First appearance of the Chester White hog in Ohio. Keeland and Isaac Todd brought a pair with them from East Haven, Conn., to the vicinity of Wakeman. Three years later Joseph Raskins also brought a pair from Massa- chusetts. 1830 — ^In this year, in his "Treaty on the Vine," Mr. W. H. Prince enumerates eighty-eight varieties of American grapes. 1831, January 1st — The Genessoe Farmer founded by Mr. Luther Tucker at Rochester, N. Y., and was the forerunner of The Country Gentleman, the oldest agricultural periodical in the world, having been published continuously and without interruption. 1831 — In this year superior steel hoes made at Pittsburg were sold at $4.50 per dozen. Iron and steel were low In price at that time. 1831 — The steel spring (prong) pitch- fork Introduced and patented in the United States In this year by Charles Goodyear, of Philadelphia. 1831 — Benjamin Warfleld, of Lexington, Ky., purchased the first pure-bred Short- horn cow owned by him. Foundation of Grasmere Shorthorns, oldest herd of Shorthorns now in America. 1831 — Prince, the naturalist, gave the first native raspberry to come into culti- vation Its proper name — Common Red. It had been called English Red. 1831 — Redfield, investigator of weather conditions, publlfjhed his first essay, de- scribing action of storms and hurricanes. 1831- Silk Culture Manual published by J. ' H. Cobb distributed by Common- wealth of Boston and the United States Senate. 1831- S. C. Parkhurst opened a seed store in Cincinnati, O., and did a large trade in grass and clover seeds. 1831— In this year The American Farmer described a machine Invented by Thomas D. Burrall, of Geneva, N. Y., for the purpose of cleaning clover seed. 18:U— Youatt, eminent writer on live stock subjects, mentions Normandy, In France, as noted for its horses. 1831, December 10 — The Spirit of the Times, great sporting paper, started as a weekly, with Wm. T. Porter as editor. In New York City. The last issue of this paper was in December, 1902, when it was consolidated with the Chicago Horseman. 1832 — Alexander Riley, of New South Wales, imported thirteen pure-bred An- gora goats from France, receiving them at the port of Sydney. On account of death in the family, these goats were afterwards dispersed. They were the first New South Wales Angoras. 1S32 — Messrs. Heathecote & Parker, of England, employed traction steam en- gines in clearing a large tract of marshv ground lying between Manchester and Liverpool, which had been considered un- reclaimable by any other means at hand. 1832— Late in this year Charles Cist, of Cincinnati, instituted the first definite statement of pork packing In the West. 1832 — The first lot of cattle was packed and barreled In Chicago by Geo. W. Dole tor Oliver Newberry, of Detroit, Mich., the number being 160 head. They were driven from Wabash and cost $2.75 per 100 pounds for the net beef, the hides, tallow, etc., being thrown In by the seller. These cattle were slaughtered at what Is now the corner of Madison street and Michigan avenue, then the high prairie. In December of the same year Mr. Dole also bought and slaughtered the first hogs ever packed in the West, there being 338 head, average unknown, but cost 3 cents per pound on foot. The 150 head of cattle referred to In this Item were purchased of Mr. Charles Reed, of Hickory Creek, 111. It must be remembered that It was salt- beef packing, largely for the supply of sea-going vessels. This salt-beef packing industry was displaced to a large extent later by dressed beef transported In re- frigerator cars, although , salt-beef pack- ing is not a lost art by any means. 1832— Mr. Jonas Webb, of Suffolk, Eng- land, regarded as successor of John BUman in Improvement of Southdown ShC6T3 1832 — Mr. Hawes, of England, iraporte.1 Berkshire swine at Albany, N. Y. 1832— In this year Mr. David Bradley, famous as manufacturer of agricultural implements, commenced work In plow making at Syracuse, N. Y. Three years later he removed to Chicago to help erect the first foundry there and was the first man to bring pig iron into that city. The establishment soon began the manufact- ure of plows. He worked at the bench wooding "Garden City Clipper" plows, whose name and fame have become world-wide. Leaving the employment of, others, he soon had a plow shop of his own, and for fifty years saw it growing to larger and larger proportions, right in the heart of Chicago, until it became one of the largest manufacturing establish- ments of agricultural implements and compelled him to get larger ground space, which he finally did in the town which saw fit to honor his coming by taking upon itself his name. Mr. Bradley died at the age of 87 years, the oldest plow maker In the United States. 32 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1832 — ^A pair of Jersey red pigs im- ported from Spain to Salem, N. J. 1832— Mr. Thomas Hogg devised a system representing important principles of hot-water heating for greenhouses. 1833 — Sylvester Marsh arrived from the Bast in Chicago, and after working in the new town three years projected a packing house on Kinzie street, near Rush street. They packed 6,000 hogs in 1836. He used to go 150 miles to the Wabash river driving cattle, hogs and sheep and what- ever he could pick up on the way. The canal became his best source of supply before railroads were running Into Chicago. 1833 — Kendrick, in the "New American Orehardist," suggested the blackberry as being worthy of cultivation. 1833 — Ohio Importing Company organ- ized by Allen Trimble, Duncan MoAj.-thur, Felix Renick and others to Import cattle, principally Shorthorns. 1833 — ^Flrst patent for reaper ls.sued to Hussey in this year. 1833 — Product of wheat on Island of Jersey. FlVo-years' average ending this year was 40 bushels per acre. 1833 — In this year a royal decree In Frande established the Government Stud Book, which has had considerable influ- ence in the improvement of French horses. 1833 — In this year, in the New American Orehardist, William Kenrlck mentions twenty-three varieties of figs. 1833 — ^Isaac Hosklns moved from New Bedford, Mass., to Wakeman, O., carry- ing with him white hogs that helped to establish the Todd Improved Chester Whites. 1833, November 19th — A patent for a method of cultivating or working land by steam power was first issued in the United States to E. C. Bellinger, of South Carolina, but the Invention never went into general use. 1S33 — The Maine Farmer established at Augusta. Me. 1833 — ^Daniel Pratt, a native of New Hampshire, commenced the manufacture of cotton gins in Autauga county, Ala- bama. 1833— Antoine LeClaire established an orchard at Davenport, in Scott county, Iowa. This orchard contained about 400 trees, whlcn were brought by boat from Cincinnati, Ohio, and was the second orchard started in that state. 1S33 — ^In this year four tons of silk cocoons were produced in Windham county, Connecticut. The interest In silk culture had been advanced by boom methods until it partook of the nature of a craze instead of a legitimate industry. ,— .«^ 1833 — Charles Mason Hovey began a / series of experiments and Anally pro- duced Hovey's Seedling strawberry, which became the leading berry for thirty years and actually caused straw- bei-ry culture to become a popular and profitable industry. It was the first strawljerry suited to climate and condi- tions of America. It is now extinct. 1833 — Boston, the phenomenon, a thor- oughbred horse, foaled in this year. He was bred by Judge John Wickham, of Tuckahoe, Virginia. He was "a horse with a backbone like a fence rail and a stifle like a Durham bull." He ran a mile in the first heat of a longer race In 1:46, which was three-fourths of a second faster than the record at that time. At the height of his career his owner adver- tised to match Boston against any two horses in the world, to run four-mile heats for no less a sura than $45,000, taking one horse In one heat and the other in the next. The challenge stood in the advertising columns o£ the Spirit of the Times without takers. 1834— The Royal Jersey Agricultural Society held its first meeting on January 18th. This society played a very im- portant part In the early development ot Jersey cattle and continued to do so. 1834 — First breeding of Berkshire swine on farm of Richard Gentry In Pettis county, Missouri. He was uncle and stepfather of N. H. Gentry, the famous improver of Berkshlres. 1834— Old Grannie, calved on the farm of Hugh Watson, of Keillor, Scotland. First cow recorded In Aberdeen-Angus Herd Book. This famous cow lived to be thirty-five years of age. 1834 — Edwin Forrest, black gelding of unknown breeding, reduced the trotting record to 2:311/2. 1834 — A cotton-seed oil mill erected at Natchez, Miss. 1834 — A "Howard" vacuum pan estab- lished in the sugar house of Mr. Valcour Alme, planter, of St. James Parish, La. 1834, March — The Cultivator, an early agricultural paper, was founded by Jesse Buel under the auspices of the New York State Agricultural Society. Edited by Judge Buel, who afterwards became pro- prietor. 1834 — Shorthorn cow Princess sold by H. Clay, Jr., of Kentucky, for ?2,000. 1834— Tyler Stickney flock of Spanish Merino sheep established at Shoreham,Vt. 1834 — Importation of heifers Rose of Sharon and Young Mary, famous for Shorthorn excellence. 1834 — Wra. FuUertoii, of Ardovie, Scot- land, started a breeding herd of Aber- deen-Angus cattle. 1834 — A vessel from Leghorn arrived in America, and a part of the cargo was a small shipment of fowls, which were at once named "Leghorns." They became popular on account of their good laying and non-sitting qualities. 1835— The Bloodgood pear brought into notice by James Bloodgood, of Flushing. Long Island. 1835 (about)— A. C. Moore and D. M. Magie, in Ohio, two of the originators, br.?eders and principal Improvers ot Poland-China swine. 1835 — Norton's Virginia grape — an off- spring of the wild summer grape of +he Southern and Middle States — found on Cedar Island, in the James river, near Richmond, V.a. 1835 — Fifty miles were trotted in three hours and fifty-seven seconds by a hor-je of unknown pedigree called Black Joko. 1835 — N.T. Thomas Ferguson, of ICinoc- try, Scotland, founded a herd of Aber- deen-Angus cattle. 1835— In Warren and BufJer counties, Ohio, a local breed of swine known at this time as the Warren County Hog and the "Big Spotted," were afterwards in- eluded as Poland-Chinas. 1835 — James Smith, of Deanston, Eng- land, promulgated his system of thorough draining and deep plowing. ,, '^^^p—^^^ Gardens in England founded by Sir W. Hooker. =,-^,^^^T;:'^^P'^'"^ James Knight, of Nash- ville, Tenn., bought a fine Jack in Vir- Sima named John Bull, third descendant of Royal Gift. 1835 (about)— Lord Western of England introduced Neapolitan swine from Italy to improve the Essex pigs. 1835 — ^A new variety of potato, called Perkins' Seedling, was originated at this time by planting a seed ball a year or two before. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 33 1835 — The Magazine of Hortibulture established at Boston, Mass., by C. M, Hovey. 1835 — In England, Sir Robert Peel pre- sented a farmers' club with two Iron plows, went back afterwards to see the work done with them, and found the plows with wooden moldboards again at work. "Sir," said a member, "we tried the iron and be all of one mind that they made the weeds grow." 1835 — In September of this year the first Agricultural Fair in Missouri was held at Columbia, Boone county. 1835 — Baling presses known to be made In the state of Maine about this time. 1835 — By this time extensive green- houses had been erected in the vicinity of New York, Boston and Philadelphia. One establishment at Long Island had houses aggregating 400 feet in length. 1835 — It was announced in December of this year that a Mr. Bailey, of Hartford, Conn., had invented a cast iron grist mill, which had been tested by grinding wheat, rye and corn as well as most kinds of provender, corn in the ear. oil cake, etc., and its work was pronounced by experi- enced millers to be equal to that produced by the common millstones. One horse could grind ten bushels of rye or wheat per hour sufficiently fine for fiour. The cost of a mill with the machinery for a horse to work it was mentioned at $250 to $300. 1836 — James Jackson, of Alabama, sent to England for the best thoroughbred there, and the horse imported waS Glen- coe^ He was sire of Pocahontas, the great thoroughbred matron. Glencoe died at the age of 26 years; owned by A. Keene Richards, of Kentucky.- 1836 — Daniel "Webster, the statesman, invented a plow for work twelve and fourteen inches deep, cutting a furrow twenty-four inches wide. It is still in existence — twelve feet long, the beam twenty-eight inches from the ground, and the landside four feet long. It was de- signed for a field which was full of roots. 1S3G — Tomatoes began to be cultivated In this country as food; had been raised principally for ornament under the name of "love apples." 1836 — The Western Province Agricult- ural Society of South Africa offered a silver cup, value fifty pounds sterling, to be awarded for the best 100 pounds of Merino wool, and had to be won three times in succession hefore becoming the properly of an individual owner. Won In 1846 by Reitz, Van Breda & Joubert, original importers of Merinos into that country. 1836 — The Baltimore Belle and the Queen of the Prairies Roses named this year by a Baltimore florist. They came from the Michigan Rose. 1836 — Erastus Corning, of Albany, N.T., Imported Shorthorn cattle. 1836 — Joel Nourse & Co., of Worcester, Mass., commenced the manufacture of agricultural implements and made im- portant improvements on the cast-iron plow. 1836— On July 4th of this year the United States Patent Office was made a separate bureau, and Hon. Henry L, Ellsworth, of Connecticut, was Commis- sioner. He had been a practical farmer, and he considered it within the proper scope of his office to help farmers by dis- tributing seeds and plants. 1836 — Captain James Knight, General A. Wilson and General I. M. Knight, of Marshall county, Texas, bought the Ken- tucky jack Maringo Mammoth. Sold at nine years old to L. W. Knight for $2,160. This jack. won many premiums. 1836 — Templemoyle Agricultural Sem- inary established In county of Londoii- derry. Ireland. 1836 — Devon cattle Imported by Mr. "Vernon, of New York state. 1836 — Charles Mason Hovey, an Amer- ican horticulturist, called attention to the change in color produced in the flower caloeolarius by the introduction of a different colored species. An evidence of distinct results in plant breeding. 1836, October 29th— At Felix Renlck's farm, Ross county, Ohio, impqrted Short- horns sold at an average of $803.25 for forty-nine head. Seven bulls and seven heifers each sold for upwards of $1,000 1836— Mr. H. Clay, Jr., of Fayette county, Kentucky, began importing Short- horns. 1836, November — The French War De- partment, after three-years' experiment, could not determine whether or not glanders in horses was a contagious disease. 1837 — Martin Van Buren, President of the United States, and served four years. 1837 — Ross' Phoenix strawberry raised by Alexander Ross, of Hudson, N. T., from Keen's Seedling. 1837, October 24th— Final sale of Ohio Importing Company Shorthorns. Fifteen head averaged $1,071.65. 1837 — Lewis F. Allen, in his "American Cattle," mentions appearance of a fine Galloway cow in Philadelphia. 1837 — Amos Cruickshank, of Sittyton, near Aberdeen, Scotland, first began breeding Shorthorns, foundation of what are now called Scotch or "Cruickshanks." SBELBY'S AMERICAN STAR. 1837 — Seeley's American Star, recorded as American Star, 14, foaled in this year, bred by Henry H. Berry, of Pompton Plains, N. J. He is noted as sire of speed-producing brood mares. 1837 — Legislation in North Carolina to prevent the driving of cattle from South Carolina or Georgia through that state on account of the cattle disease caused by them. 1837 — Three steel plows made by hand this year by John Deere, said to be the first steel plows made. 1837 — Henderson Lewelling started a nursery near Salem, Henry county, Iowa, which was continued by his brother John until 1850, when he closed out the stock and went to Oregon. 1838 — First Chicago grain elevator established this year and made the first shipment of wheat. 1838— Royal Agricultural Society of England established with 466 members. 34 THK DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1838 — First direct importation of Short- horn cattle trom England to Indiana ay Mr. Chris. Whitehead.of Franklin count.v. 1S38 — Berkshire hogs introduced into Canada. , 1838 — Glasncvin Training Farm estab- lished in Ireland by Commissioners ot National Education. DT'ICH BE! TKD rATTLI->-Br .1 tin.i owned by G. G. Gibbs, of Vail, N. J. 1838— Dutch Belted cattle first imported into the United States by D. H. Haight, of Goshen, N. Y. 1838 — In this year Shorthorn cattle were first introduced into France. 1S3S — The method of imbedding glass in putty in construction of greenhouse.^ known to be in use in England at this time. 1839 — In this year the horse Dutchman obtained a mile trotting record in 2:32. 1839 — In this vear the first cargo ot flax seed imported in America arrived from Russia. The United States had already -exported as high as 292,460 bushels of flax ^eed in one year. * 1839 — Bay, a pacer ot unknown Jiedi- gree, paced two miles under saddle in 5:04%. 1839 — In the summer of this year R. H. Schomburgk, a German explorer, returned from British Guiana to London wiLli col- lections of the magnificent water lilies known as the Victoria Regia and tl'.o Elizabetha Regia, and several ne>v- species of orchids — one of which has been named for him the Schomburgkia orchida. 1839 — Dutchman, by Tippoo Saib, Ji., and whose dam was by a son of Mes- senger, trotted three miles against time under saddle in 7:32%. 1839 — Edward Harris, of Moorestown, N. T., earliest importer of high-class •draft horses, imported 'two .draft mates and the stallion "Diligence." They were French horses. 1839 — Messrs. Bagg & "Wait, of Orange county. New York, made large importa- tions of Berkshire swine from England. 1S39 — Royal Agricultural Society organ- ized in England. 1S39, March 3d — During the closing hours of the Twenty-fifth Congress, Hon. Henry L. Ellsworth, then Commissioner of Patents, secured an appropriation of 41,000 for "the collection of agricultural statistics, investigating and promoting rural economy and the procurement of cuttings and seeds for gratuitous distri- "bution amongst farmers." This is the origin of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1839 — N. Leonard, of Cooper county, Missouri, founded- the Ravenswood herd of Shorthorns, first pedigreed Jierd west of the Mississippi. 1839— Oxford Royal, the first English National Show. Thomas Bates' Short- horns v/on great honors. 1839 — Fayette county (Kentucky; Im- porting Company sold twenty-six Short- horns at an average of $6'il.35 per head. 1839— The Boston Cultivator estab- lished at Boston, Mass. 1839, June — Hereford cattle imported into this country by W. H. Sotham. 1839, October 3d— The first mile below 2:30 was by Drover, who in this year paced at 2:28 at Beacon Course, N. J. 1840 — About this year Plymouth Rook fowls were originated near Woodstock, Vt. Messrs. Giles, Clark, Thayer, Spauld- ing and Rev. H. S. Ramsdell being the originators. The Plymouth Rock was the result of a cross of American Dominiaue males -nith single comb black Java females. 1840 — The group of carnations now most cultivated in America, known as Ijerpetual flowering, tree, or monthly car- nations, originated in France about th'a year us the result of crossing and selection. 1S40 — Ir this year the subsoil plow, adapted to teams up to six horses, was introduced from Scotland Into the Unite4 States. 1840 — Dr. Perrine at Indian Key, Fla.. introduced the Mango plant from the West Indies. 1840, January — Mr. I^uther Tucker, of Rochester, N. Y., purchased The Cultiva- tor upon the death ot the owner. Judge Buel consolij.iling it with his paper. The Genessce Farmer, using the name The Gultivntor. 1840 — Twenty ewes and two rams se- lected from the Rambouillet Merinos of France were imported into the United States by D. C. Collins, of Hartford, Conn. 1840 — About this year Mr. Ephraim Bull, of Concord. Mass., discovered a wild gr.ipcvine. from which he grew, developed, cultivated and improved the grape- now called the "Conoord." It i3_ consid-^red the greatest advance in grape growing in this country. CHAMPION CHEVIOT EWE at the In- diana and Illinois State Fairs of 1906. Exhibited by J. Kiolin, ot Brooklyn, Wis. 1840 — First Cheviot sheep imported into the United States of America. 1840 — Justus von Liebig published a famous work, entitled "Organic Chem- istry, in Its Relation to Agriculture." He established in the popular mind the theory of the plants' almost entire de- pendence on mineral food. He founded artificial fertilization; demonstrated the value of potash as plant food; and many other valuable discoveries are attributed to him. PROFITABLE DAIRYING. An Elegant Cloth-bound Book — A Practical Guide to Successful Dairy Management — By C. L. PECK. The introductory chapter of this boolc consists of a minute description of the far-famed model dairy farm of Rev. J. D. Detrich, near Philadelphia, Pa. Never perhaps has the description of any farm caused a more profound sensation in the agricultural world. On this farm of fifteen acres which twenty years ago could not maintain one horse and two cows, there were kept "twenty-seven dairy cattle, in addition to two horses. All the roughage, litter, bedding, etc., necessary for these animals was grown on these fifteen acres, more than most farmers could accomplish on 100 acres. A description of this plain, unpretentious little farm sounds almost like a fairy tale, and yet it is nothing but plain, clear facts of the truth, of which anyone can convince himself. The author of this .volume is a well-known, practical dairyman, who has made dairying a marked success, and who, in this volume, gives such practical hints on dairying as will enable the reader to improve his methods, better his conditions and more nearly attain that point in business known as success. The treatment of the entire subject is thoroughly, practical in every detail, being ' principally a description of the methods practiced by the author, and which after a lifetime of experience and study he has found most advantageous. Tet the scientific bearing on the subject has not been neglected, as the author has availed himself of all the most recent discoveries and advancements in science, thus making the work authoritative, practically as well as scientifically. Separate chapters are devoted to the importance of the dairy, physiology and secretion of milk, future of dairying, dairy breeds, selection of a breed, the dairy cow and the dairy sire, dairy standard, care and feed of the dairy cow, care of the calf, milking, when to have cows come fresh, feeds and their value, care of fhe milk, device for ripening cream, churning, marketing dairy butter, the dairy barn, silo and silage, miscellaneous topics, necessary appliances, gen- eral hints, dairy remedies. Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 174 Pages. Bound in Cloth. Send One Dollar for a copy of Profitable Dairying and one-year's subscrip- tion to The National Farmer and Stock Grower. Address, THE HALE PUBLISHINiS CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, ST. LOUIS, MO. 36 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. •1840 (about)— Imported jack Knight Brrand Drought to Maury county, Ten- nessee; owned by Mr. Thomas; after- wards sold to General Gideon J. Piilow. 1840— P. T. Barnum and W. R. Coleman imported Dutch Belted cattle Into the United States 1840 fabout^— Mr. Fisher Hobbs, tenant of Lord Western in England, established accepted type of Essex hogs. 1840 — Mowing machine improved by McCormi;k. 1840 — Cheese exportations from the United States began to be of importance. mainly from New Yorlc, Vermont and Massachusetts. 1840 Cabout;— A. C. Clark, of Jefferson county. New York, originated breed of swine called Cheshires. Sires were large white Yorksliires and bred on the best sows of his section. 1840 — Colonel Wm. Johnson, plantation owner near Marion Junction, Alabama, first sowed the grass which now bears his name 1841- — In this year a few bushels of clover seed were sent from Cleveland, C, to Canada. The first record of this character. 1841 — William Henry Harrison inaug- urated President of the United State.^, March 4th, and died April 4th of the same year. 1841— John Tyler elected Vice-Presi- dent, succeeds to the Presidency of the United States, April 4th, and serves nearly four years. 1841— ^The Murrain, or "vesicular epi- zootic," appeared in England, supposabiy Introduced by foreign cattle; affected all live stock except horses. 1841 — First commercial record of dispo- ' sition of American cotton crop, season of 1841-2. Crop, 1,684,000 bales, disposed of as follows: To" Great Britain, 936,000 bales; to Europe and Mexico, 480,000 bales; home consumption. 268.000 bales. 1841 — Guano fertilizer introduced into Great Britain. 1841 — Grade Hereford ox exhibited by Mr. Rust at the first New York Stale Fair, weighing 3,700 pounds. J 842 — First important importation of wool into England from Australia, about thirteen million pounds during the year. 1842 — Professor Low said: "The Dorsots are the most productive of milk of any of our races of sheep." 1842 — In this year the Brie Railroad first became engaged in the transporta- tion of milk and established a freight rate of one-half cent per quart. • 1842— Gray Clyde, 78, Clydesdale stal- lion, imported by Archibald Ward, of Markham. Ontario, Canada. 1842, April 11th — French experiments finally determined glanders in horses to be a contagious disease. 1842 — Professor Low mentions improved Ayrshire cattle as owing superior char- acter to mixture of races from the conti- nent of -Europe and the dairy breed of Alderney. 1842 — It was not until after this date that Robert Fortune, naturalist, went to China and sent back many specimens of flowers, that the White Chinese Wis- taria and Fortune's Yellow Rose became known here. 1842 — Tobacco warehouse established at Clarksville, Tenn. 1 842 — Agricultural Chemistry Associa- tion (first of its kind), organized by Mid Lothian, Scotland, tenant farmers, at suggestion of Mr. John Finnic, of Swan- stone. 1842 — Professor Low classes all tho Channel Islands cattle under the name of one of the islands, "Alderney." 1842— Highest price of upland middling cotton for the year on New York market below 10 cents per pound for the first time in history. Highest price of the year, 9 cents; lowest, 7 cents. 1342 — Professor Low, in his book, en- titled "Domestic Animals of Great Britain," attributes superior condition of Norman horses to abundance of grass and food in that province. 1842 — Duke of Northumberland, famous Bates Shorthorn bull, at three years and eight months weighed 2.520 pounds. 1842 — ^American Agriculturist, great ag- ricultural paper, founded by A. B. Allen, assisted by Richard L. Allen. 1842— Meeting of Booth and Bates Shorthorn cows at York, England. The ten-year-old Bates Duchess, 34th, took the premium over the Booth cow Neck- lace. I!i43 — The Southern Cultivator estab- lished at Augusta, Ga., by J. W. & W. S. Jones. 1843 — In this year, according to the United States Department of Agriculture Year Book of 1904, Reuben Ragan, of Putnam county, Indiana, purchased a part of the stock of Josiah Lindley, who had conducted a nursery at Monrovia, Ind. Among it was a long-bodied seedling pear tree in which was a dormant bud of the Aremberg pear. This was a rare and high-priced variety at the time, and was given special attention. After being at- tacked by the pear blight and killed down to the seedling stock, it finally produced a delicious late fall pear of medium size. It was afterwards called the Philopena by the originator. 1843 — In this year George Funk, a well- known stockman of McLean county, Illi- nois, drove his first cattle to Chicago, - then being sixteen years of age. He drove from Funk's Grove, McLean county, to Chicago in twelve days. In an address before the McLean County Historical Society of Illinois, sixty years later, speaking of the cattle sold and delivered in early days, he said: "We sold by the dressed weight, the packer getting the hide and tallow." 1843 — ^According to the book entitled "Industrial Chicago," the packing house of Dyer, Chapin & Wadswcrth was estab- lished on South Branch,near North street During that winter Archibald Clybourhe killed 3,000 cattle, which were shipped to New York early in the spring. Others followed Clybourne's example, for beef could be bought for 1% to 2 cents per pound, according to the grade of the cattle. The packers cleaned out the Western country of its live stock and made hay while they could, regardless of to-morrow's demands. This is about the first item which mentions the prices paid for cattle at Chicago. The beef packing relates to salt beef. 1843 — In this year, at Chicago, corn soM for 18 cents per bushel, and wheat at 38 cents. Lowest prices on record. 1843 — The new Diana grape, a seedling of the Pat.awha, first exliibited before tl.B Massachusetts Horticultural Society of Bost(m by Mrs. Diana Crehore, of Miltoi, Mass. It was named for her. 1843 — First Agricultural Experiment Station established on his own estate about forty miles north of London, Eng- land, by Mr. John Lawes. 1843 — ^A pear tree planted by Mr. Ockle- tree in -1805 in Illinois, about ten miles north of Vincennes, produced 184 bushels of pears. The girth of the tree one foot from the ground was twelve feet, and nine feet from the ground it was 6% feet. THE BATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 37 1843 — Pleuro-pneumonla In cattle first introduced into the United States in the vicinity of New Yorlc City. 1844 — "Old Jack," a famous Aberdeen- Angus bull, bred and raised by Hugh Watson, of Keillor, Scotland, sold for a hundred guineas ($508 in American money) — a big price at that time. 1S44 — In January of this year the Price Current, famous statistical paper in re- gard to paolcing-house interests and products, was started by A. Peabody. 1844 — It was reported to the editor of the American Agriculturist by Mr. Wm. H. Sot ham, of Black Rock, N. T., that in 1844 a Hereford cow weighed on the scales at Albany 2,313 pounds alive. Mr. Bennett,, of Brighton, Mass., sold this cow to a Boston butcher for $150. She was exhibted in Boston for a month at a shilling a head. Her beef was of the finest quality, and the owner exhibited the quarters round the city on a warm, sunny day, and spoiled the whole of it. 1844 — Towards the close of this year Wadsworth, Chapin & Dyer, Chicago pork packers, packed a tierce of beet for the English market, the tierce being made by Hugh Maher. IDuring the winter of 1845- 46 they killed no less than 2,000 cattle brought in from Central Illinois and Northern Indiana. The price on foot was then about $2.50 per 100 pounds. This is the beginning of salt-beef packing for export, the business upon which stock- men had to rely to dispose of their surplus before the better methods of canning and refrigerating of beet were inaugurated. 1844 — Boussingault, an eminent. French chemist, published a work, entitled "Rural Economy," one of the first great books upon agricultural chemistry. 1844 — Tenants on New York "patroon" estates refused longer to comply with old feudal customs of paying a few bushels of wheat, or a day or two service per year, in order to hold land under them. This led to the alloidal system, which enabled them to pay cash rents or obtain clear titles without acknowledgment of sub- servience to estate owners. 1844 — Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland organized. 1844 — At Southampton, in this year, tlie Agricultural Society of England offered prizes for Channel Island and Crumpled Horn cattle. 1844 — ^William W. Plant began the sale of farm tools and seeds in St. Louis, Mo. 1844 — The Louisville (Ky.) Journal men- tions a large pork-packing establishment established in this year on Pearl street, of that city. 1844 — First cotton mill erected in Mis- sissippi, at Natchez, in this year. 1844 — First cotton mill in Arkansas erected at Cave Hill. Washington county 1844 — Dr. Brinckle, of Philadelphia, grower of raspberries, produced an im- portant variety called Brinokle's Orange, from an English sort known as Dyark'.s Seedling. 1845 — Newtown Pippins from the or- chard of Robert L. Pell, of Ulster county. New York, sold in London, England, at $21 per barrel. 1S45 — James K. Polk, President of the United States, and served four years. 1845 — In this year a Cincinnati journal- ist published the following: "Our pork business is the largest in the world, not even excepting Cork or Belfast in Ireland, which country puts up and exports im- mense amounts in that line; and the stranger who visits Cincinnati during the season of cutting and packing hogs should on no account neglect to visit one or more pork-packing establishments." 1845 — Houghton's Seedling, an Im- proved gooseberry, produced about this time from the wild gooseberry near Lynn, Mass. 1845 — Sovereign, 181, Clydesdale stallion imported by R. Johnson, of Scarboro, Ontario. Canada. 1845 — An agricultural school at Cream Hill, Conh., established in May of this year by Dr. S. W. Gold and his son, T. S. Gold, continued in successful operation twenty-four years. 1845 — French Bros, established a busi- ness in Cincinnati for the puropse of sup- plying fresh milk to consumers, which developed successfully, leading to the building of a creamery at Lebanon, Ohio, in 1898. 1845 — Potato blight first appeared in England and Ireland. 1845— Mr. Norbert Rillieux, of Louisi- ana, conceived the idea that the hot vapor arising from a vessel of boiling sugar cane .1uice could be used to evap- orate the water contained in a second vessel of cane juice, foundation of the present system of evaporation in making sugar. 1845 — Dr. James B. Davis, of Columbia. S. C, went to Turkey to experiment for the Sultan in cotton raising. 1845, October 13th — Lady Suffolk, first 2:30 trotter, appeared, making the mile over the Hoboken, N. J., track in 2:29%. She was a gray mare, sired by Engineer, dam by Don Quixote, and was driven by David Bryan 1846 — The Bleeding-heart Rose first introduced into the gardens of English- speaking people, the London Horticult- ural Society having received from China a single plant. A modern exhibit of yellow corn at the Illinois State Fair. 1846— Reid's Yellow Dent Corn, a light yellow variety-, originated this year with j. L. Reid, of Delavan, 111. 1846 — The summer of this year was un- precedentedlv hot throughout England, and all the horticultural journals united in pronouncing the bloom of roses that season unsurpassed by the bloom of any previous year. 1846 — First American Shorthorn Hevd Book issued by Lewis F. Allen, of Black Rock, N. Y. 1846 — English corn (wheat) laws abol- ished. 38 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1846— The Horticulturist, an influential farm paper, established by Mr. Liither Tu'clcer, edited by Mr. Andrew Jackson Downing, and discontinued at his death. 1846 — In the early part of this year a Mr. H. R. Smith reached Chicago from New Jersey. He went down into the state of Illinois and bought 225 -head of good, fat, old-fashioned cattle at $16.50 per head. He drove them to New York and they were the first cattle driven from Illinois to that city of which there is record. In 100-days' driving over public roads and swimming streams the cattle reached their destination, the expenses being $5.50 per head, making a total cost of $22.00. The cattle brought $40.00 per head in New York, netting the enterpris- ing drover more clear, profit than the cattle raiser obtained altogether for breeding and raising these good three and four-year-old steers. No truer example can be shown of old-time conditions. 184'6 — Experiments begun in New York towards preserving (canning) milk. 1846— Mr. J. Boydell, of England, con- structed an engine that laid its own track as it traveled over the ground. 1846 — The Genessee Parmer for March of this year speaks of the unexpecte.l success of the Cortland County Agricult- ural School, Mr. Woolworth, the lecturer, addressing twenty-five to thirty farmers once a week. 1847 (about) — Fir.st systematic irriga- tion in the arid West by the Mormons on the land where Salt Lake City now stands. 1847 — In three years (ending 18471 average wheat crop of Island of Guernsey was 76 bushels per acre. 1847 — A Mr. Martin erected a cotton- seed oil mill at New Orleans. 1847 — Extract, from book entitled "The Farmers' Companion," by Hon. Jesse Buel, of Danbury, Conn.: "The new system of husbandry is based upon the belief that our lands will not wear out, or become exhausted of their fertility, if they are judiciously managed; but, on the con- trary, that they may be made progress- ively to increase in product, in rewards to the husbandman and in benefits to society, at least for some time to come. It regards the soil as a gift of the benef- icent Creator, in which we hold but a life estate, and which, like our free institu- tions, we are bound to transmit unim- paired to posterity." 1847 — Two patents issued by the United States on artificial method of hatching chickens. 1S47 — Millet recommended as a soiling crop in Patent Office Report. 1847 — James K. Polk, a pacer, whose pedigree has been lost sight of, covered .i distance of three miles in harness in 7:44. 1848— Todd Bros. & Haskins, ne^tr Wakeman, O., bought a boar of what was called the Large Grass Breed from Joel Mead, of Norwalk, O., for the improve- ment of the Chester White hogs. 1848, March 31st— Mr. Wiliam Saunders. a Scotch gardener, arrived at New Haven. Conn., to serve as gardener for Mr. Bost- wick. He was a great writer on agricult- ural siibjects. He introduced fixed roofs for greenhouses in this country, and for thirty-eight years was in the service of the government, doing the most import- ant work as a landscape artist. He is largely responsible for the beautiflcation of the National Capital. He died in 1900. 1848— Manual ' of the Botany of the United States issued by Asa Gray. 1848— In this year Mr. John T. Alex- ander, a Virginian by birth, but raised in Ohio, bought land in -Morgan county, Illi- nois, at $3.00 per acre. Mr. Alexander I was a great pioneer cattle feeder ana dealer, he with Christian Hays being a large buyer and drover of Texas cattle. He used to ship to the Bast by drivmg to Toledo, Ohio, thence to Dunkirk by lake steamer, then by cars to New York, a part being afterwards sent to Boston. 1848— Bull's Head Stock Yards, Madison street and Ogden avenue, Chicago, estab- lished by John B. Sherman. 1S48, December— First live stock shipped to Chicago by rail. Millican Hunt, haul- ing a sled -load of hogs to market, found no snow beyond the Des Plaines river on which to draw his pigs, but found the construction train of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, then called the Galena Road. His porkers rode ten miles to Chicago behind the "Pioneer," the famous little engine which also hauled the first load of wheat to Chicago in the same year. 1849 — About this tinie a few Guernsey cattle were owned in the vicinity of Phil- adelphia, Pa. 1849 — In this year Moyamensing Pine, a strawberry produced from Hovey's Seedling, was awarded the prize offered by the Philadelphia Horticultural Society tor the best new berry. 1849 — At this time the scythe and cast- steel fork manufactory of D. G. Millard, near Clayville, N. Y., was manufacturing 13,000 dozen of scythes, and forks annu- ally by water power. 1849 — In this year the factory of R. B. Dunn in North Wayne, in Maine, turned out 12,000 dozen scythes. 1849^The Valley Farmer, afterwards Colfflan's Rural World, of St. Louis, Mo., established as a monthly by Norman J. Colman, assisted by Wm. Muir and C. W. Murtfeldt, Associate Editors. 1849 — Zaohary Taylor, President of the United States, and served one year until Ins death. 1849 — Reaping machines first made in the Champion factory at Springfield, Ohio. 1849 — James Vick began to grow fiower seeds in New York state. - 1849, July 2d — Pelham trots a mile in 2:28 at Centerville, N. Y., making a world's record. 1849^Crown Prince culved. He was one of the greatest stoclc bulls of the celebrated Booth Shorthorns. RYSDICK'S HAMBLBTONIAN— Sire of trotters. Picture taken in his old age Prom copyright photograph by permis- sion of Sehreiber & Sons, of Philadelphia. 1S49— Rysdick's Hambletonian foaled 'n this year in Orange county, Nc w York- died in 1876. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 39 1S49— Dr. James B. Davis', of Columbia, S. C, importecl nine Angora goats, a present from the Sultan of Turlcey. The.v were two buclcs and seven does. ETHAN ALLEN, 2: 251/2 —The first stallion to beat 2:30. From a copyright photograph by permission of Schreiber & SonS, of Philadelphia. This is one of the earliest high-class, untouched animal photographs in existence. Although it is forty-six years old, Messrs. Schreiber & Sons are still the leading photographers of domestic animals. 1850— Ethan Allen, 2:251/2, famous trot- ting sire, foaled in this year. 1850— In this year a Shorthorn cow named Grace was killed in New York state. Her live weight was 1,795 pounds. She was found to be with calf. Her calf and appendages weighed 60 pounds. Her dressed carcass weighed 1,210 pounds, her hide 101 pounds, and tallow 153 pounds. Total weight, 1,464 pounds; shrinkage, 271 pounds. This is a yield of 84 pounds 6 ounces of dead weight to every 100 pounds of live weight, making her shrink- age less than 16 per cent. Her tongue, liver, heart and tripe, if weighed, would have reduced her shrinkage to 14 per cent. Grace was fed by Colonel Sher- wood, of Auburn, N. Y. 1850— Moore's Rural New Yorker estab- lished at Rochester, N. Y., by D. T. Moore, Editor. Hon. Henry S. Randall, L.L. D., was Editor of the Sheep Depart- ment, and Dr. Daniel Lee Southern, Cor- responding Editor, ' 1850 — John Johnston, a Scotch farmer near Geneva, N. Y., introduced and advo- cated a system of farm drainage by tiling. 1850 — The Dorchester, the first named tame blackberry, introduced by Mr. LoVett, of Massachusetts. 1850 — Dr. Hand, of Baltimore county, Maryland, began his work which finally produced the "Trophy," the variety which made the tomato a - profitable garden vegetable. 1850 — About this time a Mr. Goodrich introduced, new Wild strains of potatoes from South America and growing them for fifteen years produced the Garnet. 1850 — The amount of butter made this year on the farms of the United States was 313,348,306 pounds, 1850 — The Wild Goose plum was first brought to notice by James Harvey, of Columbia,, Tenn. Some time before 1850 a man shot a wild goose near Columbia, and on the spot where the carcass was thrown the plum came up the following spring. It is. our most popular plum, and was introduced by J. S. Downer, of Fair- view, Ky., in the year mentioned. 1 850— Dr. John Gorrie, of Florida, the original investor of the artificial pro- duction of loe, patented his ice-making machine. ,' 1850 — The Ingram apple, famous for productiveness and long keeping qualities, originated from planting seeds of "Ralls" by Mr. Martin Ingram, six miles east of Springfield, Mo. 1S50— Previous to this year praotinally all t'he cheese made in this country was a farm and not a factory product. I85O— The Delaware — the fourth great American grape — found in a New Jersey garden. It enjoys the distinction of beinp: the onl.v one of the four which gives sirong evidence of "foreign blood," being considered a cross between the fox-grape and a European vine. • 1850 — Cattle bred in Texas being driven through Arkansas, Missouri and Kansa.s. for distribution and sale to feeders.caused a mysterious and fatal disease amongst the native cattle. First mention of fever i-ausod by Texas cattle. 1850, May 9th — Dispersion sale of Short- horn cattle bred by Thomas Bates, de- ceased, at Kirklevington, Sixty-eight head averaged .$324.28. 1860, July 16th — Millard Fillmore elected Vice-President, succeeds to the Presi- dency of the United States, and servos nearly three years. 1850 — Aquilla Young & Everette, of Mount Sterling, Ky., owned Imp. Mam- moth, the largest jack imported up to that time. 1850 — Abel , Houghton, of Massachu- setts, produced the Houghton gooseberry from seed of the wild berry. 1850 (about) — First steam engine for purpose of tillage placed on the market by John Fowler & Son, of Covnhill, London. 1850 — Importation of Spanish red hogs by Hon. James B. Clay, of Kentucky. 1850 (about) — Wm. Chamberlin, of Duchess county. New York, imported 250 head of Silesian Merino sheep. 1S50 — Oxford Down sheep conving into notice, principally in Oxfordshire, Eng- land. 1850 — First recorded Galloway cattle - imported into Canada by Graham. Bros., of Vaughn, Ontario. 1850 — United States Census reported 1,449,073 farms in the United States. 1850 — The peppermint plant industry assumed its greatest proportions Li Eng- land, declining since that year. 1S50 — Only three states reported over 20.000,000 acres of farm land. Virginia, 26,152,311 acres; Georgia, 22,821,279 acres; and North Carolina,, 20,996,983 acres.i 1850 — Center of number of farms in the United States, 10 miles south of west of Parkersburg, W. Va., in A,thens county, Ohio. 1850 — Center of United States popula- tion, 23 miles southeast of Parkersburg, W, Va. 1850, December 29th — Commissioner J. R. Bartlett, appointed to run the boundary line between the United States and Mexico, visited the hacienda of Senor Don Manuel Gandera in the province of Senora. This ranch had , 16,000 sheep,- 700 mules, 108 stud horses, 1,620 breeding mares and 6,600 calves. The farm pro- duced 26,000 bushels of grain a year. 1851 — First public Agricultural Experi- ment Station established at Mookern, Germany, under the auspices of the University of Leipzig. 1851 — Mr. Lorillard Spencer, of New York, imported the Bates Duchess Short- horn bull Duke of Athol, first bull of this family to arrive in the United States. 40 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 18S1, January — Here are" a few items from an old New York market report In the American Agriculturist: White beans, 75c. to $1.50 per bushel; table butter. 15 to 25c. per pound; shipping butter, 9 to 15c.; cheese, 6 to 10c. per pound; cotton, 12 to 16c. per pound; wheat, Western, $1.00 to $1.25 per bushel; red and mixed wheat, 90c. to $1.10 per bushel; rye, 75 to 80c.; corn, Northern, 69 to 74c.; corn. Southern, 68 to 72c.; barley, 88 to 93c.; oats, 48 to 53c.; hay in bales, per 100 pounds, 70 to 75c.; mess beef, per barrel, $7.00 to $10.00; beef, prime, per barrel, $3.75 to $5.25; smoked beef, 6 to 12c. per pound; rounds in pickle, 4 to 6c. per pound; mess pork, per barrel, $10.00 to $12.50; prime, per barrel, $6.50 to $9.50; bacon sides, smoked, 3 to 4%o. per pound; bacon In pickle, 3 to 4c.; hams, smoked, 5 to 9c. ; hams, pickled, 4 to 7c. ; shoulders, smoked, 4 lo 6c.; shoulders, pickled, 3 to 5o.; tallow, 7 to 8c. per pound; tobacco, 4 to 15c.; Eastern seed leaf, 15 to 20c.; Florida wrappers, 15 to 60c.; whiskey, American, 25 to 26 cents per gallon; wools. Saxony, 50 to 60c. per pound; Merino, 40 to 50c.; grade Merino, 30 to 40c.; common, 20 to 30c. 1851 — Charles Fullington, of Union county, Ohio, imported the famous French draft stallion Louis Napoleon, a short- legged, closely-ribbed, blocky and com- pact gray, three years old. He was after- wards sold to A. P. Cushman, of DeWitt county, Illinois. 1851 — In this year Jacob Fussell, a milk dealer delivering on four routes at Balti- more, Md., engaged in the wholesale ice cream business. In those days the little ice cream which was sold was by confec- tioners. They bought cream of him in an irregular way, and as sweet cream was hard to keep on hand, he began using up his surplus by manufacturing ice cream. He also did business in Washington, D.C., and in 1863 established the first wholesale ice cream establishment in New York City. Mr. Fussell was in active business for forty-five years, when .his sons suc- ceeded him. 1851 — Captain J. T. Davy began the publication of a Devon Herd Book, re- cording American pedigrees ten years farther than the oldest published for English herds. 1851 — In the American Agriculturist of February, 1851, an article appears en- titled "Large Cattle in Kentucky," by James G. Kinnaird, of Solitude, Payette county. The fat cattle belonged to Mv C. W. Innes, of Fayette, and won prizes for beef cattle. On exhibit, these steers weighed 2,710 and 2,740 pounds at five years old. The same exhibitor had thirty- nine head, averaging in weight from 2,000 to 2,435 pounds. Mr. Innes also had a Shorthorn bull which weighed 1,763 pounds. This was at the first Kentucky Fair, held at Lexington, October, 1850. 1851 — At Mount Pordham, New York, state, in the year 1851, and the 24th of June, a public sale was held by Mr.Morris, a Shorthorn cattle breeder. Colonel James M. Miller was the auctioneer, "who con- ducted the sale with his usual ability and dispatch." The sale included bulls at $50 to $175, and females at $30 to $175. The top-price bull was Logan, twenty-three months old, sold to Oliver Slate, Jr., of Throgs Neck, N. Y. The top-price female was the four-year-old Red Lady, sold to General Cadwallader, of Philadelphia- The sale was reported originally by the American Agriculturist. 1851 — A Mr. Wolfskin planted eighty acres of apricots and peaches and 9,000 grapes In the town of Winters, in Yolo county. California, in 1851. In 1855 the first apricots from these trees were sold. First commercial orchard of record on the Pacific Coast. 1851— Reaping machines (McCormick .s and Hussey's) first Introduced in England from the United States. 1851— Fire in Edinburgh, Scotland, de- stroyed all pedigrees and papers relating to Galloway cattle. , . ., 1851— Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations at London; great help to agri- culture. 1851— In this year racing was inaugu- rated' in California. A small schooner arrived at San Francisco from Sydney, Australia, called the Sea Witch. Among her passengers was an Englishman named J. Cooper'^ Turner, who had with him two bay stallions, a black mare and a gray gelding. The mare was called Black Swan, and she afterwards won a great race of six miles, ridden by Alex- ander Marshall, for a wager of ten thou- sand head of Spanish cattle (then worth about $4.00 per head) between Don Pio Pico and Don Jose Sepulveda, the former of whom owned Saroo, who started favorite in the race. Black Swan led by seventy yards to the three-mile stake, where David K. Tidwell held a bucket of water and sponged her mouth out. She was at' least two hundred yards behind Sarco when her rider got her going again, but she won by over thirty lengths. The stallions of the importation were named Chloroform and Muley. 1851 — First cheese factory in the United States established in Oneida county. New York. 1851 — At the first International Exposi- tion held at Hyde Park, London, in this year, four prize medals were awarded to American sheep. 1851 — A European grape successfully cultivated around Missions, in California, now known as the "Mission Grape." 1851 — Messrs. Calloway & Purkis, of England, with a view to improvement in steam culture, constructed a neat loco- motive with two main traction wheels of eighteen inches tread with a truck for- ward for a steering apparatus. 1851 — ^American plows demonstrated their superiority over English plows at Hounslow, England, during the first International Exposition. 1852— Mr. John Delafield, of Oaklands. near Geneva, N. Y., imported the first tile-making machine for farm drainage. . 1852 — In January of this year the Ohio Farmer was established at Cleveland, O., by Thonias Brown. 1852 — First crop of "lemon yellow" to- bacco produced on Sandy Ridge, in Cas- well county. North Carolina. 1852 — General trial of mowers and reap- ers at Geneva, N. Y. 1852— Large importation of Andalusian jacks by Leonard Bros., of Mount Leonard, Mo. 1852 — In the early summer of this year Tom C. Pouting, of Moweaqua, 111., went to Texas on horseback and bought 800 steers there which he drove home and fed, the drive occupying one year. He afterwards shipped them from Muncie, Ind.. to New York. 1852 — At this period, at the site of the present city of El Paso, Texas, there were ranches of Mr. Coon and Mr. Hugh Stevenson, and a small group of buildings called Magoffinsville, owned by James W. McGoifin, a pioneer ranchman. 1852, September 9th — At Union Course, Long Island, an early pacer named Pet establishes a mile record of 2:18%. 1852 — Reaping machine of home pro- duction invented by Rev. Patrick Bell, of Forfarshire, awarded premium by High- land Society. Had been in use fourteen years. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 41 The Book on ALFALFA, DESCRIBING ITS GROWTH, USES AND FEEDING VALUE, TOGETHER WITH NOTES ON. ITS HISTORY, BOTANY, ETC. By HON. F. D. COBURN, Secretary Kansas State Board of Agriculture. No other agricultural product, and plants known, makes reliable informa- certainly no other forage crop, has tion upon its production and uses of ever attained the same degree of unusual interest. favorable prominence in the United Secretary 'F. D. Coburn, of the Kan- States within a single decade as that sas Board of Agriculture, who has been acquired by alfalfa in the last ten very actively and helpfully identifled- as an official with the development of this and several of the more recent valuable agricultural plants, in this practical treatise has presented all the best that is known up to the present time, on ihe growth, uses and feeding value of alfalfa, thoroughly discussing the subjects in all their bearings, in language so plain as to be clearly understood even by those who were before entirely unfamiliar with this remarkable plant. Although in the main treating the matter in a general way, it is dealt with as well from the standpoint of each state where it has been experi- mented with, and gives the observa- tions of both farmers and scientists who have paid it closest attention. No such fund of fact and experience has before been made available to the public upon this subject, which is sure to be of interest to every farmer in the country. The table of contents includes chap- ters devoted to history, description, botanical position, varieties, length of life, habits of growth, penetrating power of alfalfa roots, climate and soil, plenty of food for alfalfa, the seed bed and its preparation, time of seeding, quan- tity and quality of seed, method of seeding, no nurse crop, treatment of the young alfalfa, alfalfa for soiling, harvesting, comparison of yields, scien- tific feeding, feeding alfalfa hay, alfalfa vs. corn, alfalfa for dairy cows, alfalfa for swine, alfalfa for horses, alfalfa for sheep, alfalfa as a honey plant, making a balanced ration, alfalfa in rotation, Turkestan alfalfa, alfalfa culture and Insect life, the alfalfa benefited, alfalfa honey, disking and harrowing, enemies and friends of alfalfa, alfalfa In the different states. Hon. F. D. Coburn. years. Farmers are discovering in it one of the most valuable and produc- tive crops to which their land can be devoted. The fact of its thriving in almost any soil ; that without reseeding it goes on yielding two, three, four and some- times five cuttings annually, for five, ten, or perhaps a hundred years, and that either green or cured is one of the most nutritious and wholesome forage Illustrated, 5x7 Inches, 160 pages. Bound in cloth. The Following Offer is Made: We will send COBURN'S BOOK ON ALFALFA, THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER for one year, And a SAMPLE POUND OF ALFALFA SEED, ALL FOR ONE DOLLAR. ADDRESS, THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, ST. LOUIS, MO. 42 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1852 — The prairie, dog was mentioned in John Russell Bartlett's Explorations and Incidents in Texas: "One of the most in- teresting animals met with on the prairies and high table-lands is the prairie dog, which is in fact no other than a marmot, having no character in common with dogs. The first community was in Texas, near Brady's Creeli, a branch of the Colorado of the East. This was the largest we ever saw, nor have we heard of one as extensive. The extent was ten miles in one direction and fifty in another. Estimate was made of 30,000 habitations to the square mile, or 15,000,000 in all— a population of 30,000,- 000 prairie dogs when figured at one pair to each habitation or hillock, 1852. December 30th— A herd of wild mustangs stampeded the wagon train of United States Boundary Commissioner Bartlett in' the vicinity of Loma Blanca', on the. route to Corpus Christi, Texas. A few hours after leaving camo the prairie near the horizon seemed to be moving with long undulations like the waves of the ocean. The whole prairie' was alive with mustangs. The mules in the train became restive and the teamsters hast- ened to parii the wagons, but one of the mule teams started the stampede by springing from the train and dashed oft at ^..-. speed towards the wild horses. The avalanche of Wdld horses swept on like a tornado. 1853.' April :5th— Through the action and energy of Mr. John Delafield, of Geneva. N. Y., an act was passed by the. New York Legislature, establishing i. State Agricultural College, which wa.-; opened seven years later and then closea down again. 1853 — Prince, a horse of unknowi. breeding, trotted ten miles in 28:08'^ minutes. 1853 — In the 'winter of this year a Mr Renick bought 1,200 cattle in Northerr. Texas and sold them in Illinois. This trade continued until it was exploded by the Texas cattle fever. 1853 — Belmont, a thoroughbred stallion bred by Garrett Williamson, of Spring- dale, near Cincinnati, and three m.ares were imported into California and left a lasting mark on the thoroughbred horse of California. 1853 — Franklin Pierce elected President of the United States, and served four years. 1853 — Though the Soupperning grape, a direct offspring of the Muscadine, was discovered on Roanoke Islands, Sidney Wa'Uer, of Brinkleyville, N. C, began ex- tolling it in 1853 to the Commissioner of Patents as "the grape of grapes for the South." 1S53 — The record for trotting one hun- dred miles was broken by Conqueror, a bay gelding by La Tourette's Belle- founder, dam Lady MoLain by imported Belief ounder. The time was eight hours, fifty-flve minutes and five seconds. 1853, June 15th — Highland Maid, a con- verted pacer, by Soltram, dam Roxana, reduced tl>e mile trotting record to 2-27 She was piloted by F. J. Nodine, of Cen- terville, N. Y. 1853, July— R. A. Alexander established a Shorthorn breeding cattle herd at Woodburn, Ky., by generous importations of the best of the breed. 1853, July 14— Tacony trots in 2:27 on Union Course, L. I. 1853 — In this year a writer in the New York Herald said that four- fifths of the horses hauling the cars on the Sixth Avenue Railroad, New York, were from Vermont and New Hampshire, and nearly all of the celebrated Morgan breed. 1S53. September 27th — Shorthorn cattle sale at London, O., by Madison County Importing Company. Average for twen- ty-four cattle, $1,003 per head, includins eight which sold for $1,000 to $3,000 each. 1853 — Kentucky sale of Shorthorns at the farm of B. J. Clay, in Bourbon county. Twenty-five head sold for an average of $1,941.40 each. Ten bulls sold from $1,000 to $6,000 each. 1853^Mr. Davis, of South Carolina, purchased two head of Brahmin cattle from the English Earl of Derby, and brought them to the United- States. 1S53 — Importation of pure-bred cattio by Mr. L. G. Morris, of New Yorli. 1853 — Captain Richard King established himself as a ranchman in Southern Texas and purchased 75,000 acres of land there • by starting the Santa Gertrudes Ranch in Nueces county. A champion Shropshire ram, exhibited m 1906 by Chandler Eros., of Kellerton, Iowa. 1853 — At Royal Show Yard, Gloucester- shire, England, Shropshire sheep were recognized as superior. Considered the turning point of the breed. 1854 — The Tappahannock found in Vir- ginia, the first variety of American wheat. 1854— The Lawton, or New Hochelle, blackberry was found on the roadside bv Lawton at New Rochelle, N. Y., and was valuable and popular for many years. 1S54, January 6th— The Country Gen- tleman established by Mr. Luther Tucker, of Albany, N. Y., under the eduorship of Luther Tucker and John Jacob Thomas. 1S54— The first authentic hybrid, grape- vine was exhibited by John Fisk Allen- a hybrid between the Golden Chasselas and the Isabella. 1854— First importation of Scotch-bred Shorthorns by the Shakers of Union City, warren county, O. 1854 — Michigan Southern Railway opened stock yards at corner of State and Twenty-second streets, Chicago, 111. 1854 — First importation of Shorthorn cattle into Wisconsin by Mr. ' John I'. Roe, of Waukesha countv. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 43 1854 — Royal Agricultural Society of Enaland awarded silver medal to Mr. John Jr^owler for steam draining appara- tus called Fowler's Draining Plow. 1S54 — Dillon Bros., of Normal, 111., pur- chased ore of the horses of the French importation of 1851 and won many prizes under the name of "Norman." 1855 — Mr. Wm. Smith, of 'Woolston, Bedforflshire, England, used steam power in plowing; also a subsoiler of his own invention. 1855 (about) — Hampshire Down sheep introduced into the United States, mainly In the South; scattered and practically exterminated during the war. THOROUGHBRED HORSE — LEX- INGTON. From copyright photograph by Schreiber, dated 1872. He was the greatest race horse of his day and famous sire. He was then twenty-two years old, and died three years later. 1855, April 2d — A great race between the thoroughbreds, four miles. Lexington re- -duces Lecompte's time of 7:26, establish- ing a record for the time of 7:19%, which was unbeaten for many years. 1855 — A combined clover huUer exhib- ited at the New York State Fair at Buffalo. 1855 — A few Shropshire sheep imported from England into the state of Virginia. 1855 — Lewis F. Allen, of Black Rock, N. Y., issued second volume of the Short- horn Herd Book. 1855 — Obed Hussey, of Baltimore, In- vented and put into operation a steam •plowl 1855-T-Acoording to A. C. Landry, "the two successful pioneer oil mills of New Orleans were the Bienville, built and -operated by Messrs. Pierre Paul Martin and Paul Aldige, and the Magazine Oil Mill, owned and operated by Ambrose Maginnis, Sr. Both of these mills were built and began operations in the fall of 1855. There is a rivalry between these mills as to which was the actual pioneer, and the question was never settled to the mutual satisfaction of the contending parties." By other authorities the Martin .Mill was credited with having started in 1847. 1855 — In a review of the Chicago live stock history by .the Drovers' Journal, Mr. -Jno. T. Alexander is mentioned as one of the greatest cattle buyers ever on the ■Chicago market. In this year he shipped 5,000 head; in 1856, 10,000 head; In 1857, 'he shipped 15,000 head. He was a cattle raiser in Illinois and a speculator also. During that time he practically monopo- lized the buying of cattle suitable from Eastern markets. With the principal rall- - . -.-:;.;ng to New York Mr. Alex- ander made a contract to ship 1,000 cattle a week, thereby securing a greatly re- duced freight rate, which cattle raisers and other dealers could not touch. Mr. Alexander did not own a packing house, but he made larger amounts of money in rebates thai) are now considered to be fair packing-house profits. 1855, June 11 — Smithfield, in London, used for the last time as a live cattle market. 1855, June 21st — At Union Course, Long Island, the mare Pocahontas established the pacing record to wagon at 2:17%. She was bred by John C. Diiie, of Butler county, Ohio, by Irons Cadmus, he by Cadmus, son of American Eclipse. 1855 — Colonel C. L. Carter, pioneer Texas ranchman, settled In Palo Pinto county. He was afterwards one of the original organizers of ' the "round-up" system of gathering cattle, and President of the Northwest Texas Cattle Raisers' Association. . 1855 (about) — Col. Agoston Haraszthy introduced French grapevines into Cali- fornia after an extended European inves- tigation, 1855, October — At the Florence, Ken- tucky, Fair, Black Hawk, a Morgan stal- lion, exhibited by P. & L. Melendy, of Hatnilton county, Ohio, won the first prize in class for harness stallions four years old and upward. 1855 — It was in 1855 when cattle first began to arrive it Chicago from Texas in droves. J. G. Law & Co. packed 3,000 head' of them in 1859, and other packers salted large numbers of them. The Civil "War temporarily stopped this trade. 1S55 — In this year Mr. Peter M. Gideon, of Minnesota, began a series of discour- aging experiments in order to discover an apple tree able to withstand the severe winters of his section. In twelve years he grew one seedling of the Cherry Crab, which proved hard. This was named "Wealthy," and upon this foundation the apple culture of the Northern Minne- sota region has been built. 1856— ^Charles Goodnight, Texas pioneer cattle raiser, arrived at the San Saba river with his partner and W. J. Sheek, and came from Illinois. 1856— Richard Ten Broeck sailed for England with a stable of thoroughbreds — ^the first American to Invade the English turf. 1856 — In this year the seed of tho Chinese sugar cane, or sugar variety of the sorghum, was introduced into ' the United States. 185i;— The process of condensing milk . invented by Gail Bcrden, of Galveston, Tex. He was born at Norwich, N. Y., in 1802, and was the fii-st white settler at Galveston, Tex. 1856 — In this year J. P. Anderson en- gaged In cattle raising In California, being one of the pioneers of the Pacific Coast- in that occupation. Forty-nine years later he shipped train consignments of his own cattle from Nevada to the Kansas City market. 1856 — First Parisian live stock exhibi- tion under the patronage of the Emperor Napoleon III. Large and important ex- hibit of English, Scotch and Irish cattle. 1856— A fig tree planted in this year is now one of the great horticultural curi- osities of California. On Bidwell Ranoli, 130 miles north of San Francisco. 1856 — Eev.Benjamin M. Nyce, "preacher teacher and chemist," of Decatur county! Indiana, through Insulation of buildings, developed an ice-storage house, which Is the origin of the modern refrigerator. He stored fruits successfully for a rise in market prices. 44 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1856 — This year was noted for failure of crops in France. HIRAM WOODRUFF— Born, 1817; died, 1867. Famous as trainer and driver of trotters. He liad the slcill of the master, the affection of animals and the confi- dence of men. Picture from his book, "The Trotting Horse in America." 1X56, September 2d — Flora Temple, by Bogus Hunter, dam by Terry Horse, trotted the Union Course, East New York, in 2:24%, She was driven by the renowned horseman, Hirain Woodruff. 1856 — The CoUynie herd of Shorthorns established by Mr. Wm. Duthie, Sr., of Aberdeen, Scotland. 1856 — Lear Bros., of Kentucky, owned the large jack Buena Vista by Imported Mammoth. 1856 — Colonel Richard Peters, of At- lanta, Ga., commenced breeding Englisli Berkshire swine. 1856 — The United States Agricultural Society at Philadelphia awarded Colonel Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Ga., a special premium of $1,000 on the Angora goats of the Davis importation. 1856 — American Agriculturist, monthly farm paper, purchased by Mr. Orange Judd. Associate editors. Rev. W. Cllft, M. C. Weld, Dr. Geo. Thurber, Joseph Harris, Henry Stewart and Dr. B. T>. Halsted. 1856 — In this year the first Angora goats received into Victoria, Australia, consisted of seven head, brought from Turkey by Mr. Sichel, a Melbourne mer- chant. These goats averaged a fleece of two pounds nine ounces when the flock had increased to 108 head. 1856 — First grafting of the prune at San Jose. Cal. 1856, October 16 — Opening of the Great St. I.ouis Fair. Original Directors: A. Harper, T. Grimsley, J. M. Chambers, J. R. Barret, H. T. Blow, H, C, Hart, J. Withnell. T. T. January, C. L. Hunt, H. S. Turner, F. Dings and Norman J. Col- man. Officers were: J. R. Barret, Pres- ident; A. Harper, T. Grimsley and H. T. Hart, Vice-Presidents; Norman J. Col- man, Recording Secretary; Oscar Collet, Corresponding Secretary; and H. S. Turner, Treasurer. 1856 — In his "Fruit and Fruit Trees of America," published this year, A. J. Downing claimed that the American or Newtown Pippin, propagated in Rhode Island, was admittedly the flnest apple in the world. 1857 — Jams.'? Buchanan, President of the United States, and served four years. 1857 — In the -'American Journal of Science" Dr Gray showed that, although the pumpkin's origin was popularly sup- posed to be In the Levant, there is good reason for believing it to have been cul- tivated in America by the Indians betora the coming of the whites. 1S57— The United States War Depart- ment introduced camels into the country for use in the dry territories. Seventy- live were bought in Egypt and Asia Minor by Major Charles Wayne. The naval transport Supply brought the cargo of camels. They were landed on the Texas coast, and under the care of Captain J. N. Palmer hall of the herd was driven overland to Camp Verde, Ariz., and the others left at Indianola, Tex. The camels did not thrive under treatment by Amer-^ lean teamsters, and, being neglected during the war, the experiment was a failure. 1857 — A gray horse named General Taylor, by Morse Horse, dam Flora, un • traced, trotted thirty miles in 147:59. 1857T^Between this year and 1862 Mr. Winthrop W. Chenery made three impor- tations of pure-bred Holstein-'Friesian cattle. 1857 — Samuel William Johnson appoint- ed Agricultural Chemist at Yale College. Author of famous popular works: "How Plants Grow," "How Plants Feed." 1857 — The trotting record for three miles to wagon in a race was placed at 7:53% by Prince, a chestnut gelding, whose pedigree is unknown. 1857, April— Hereford Journal estab- lished at Owego, N. Y., by W. H. Sotham. 1857, May 13th — At Lansing, Mich., the State Agricultural College was formally opened with sixty-one students and five professors. This is the first of the states to put in actual operation a true agricult- ural college. 1857, August 27th — Shorthorn cattle sale at Springfield, 111. Average for twenty- seven animals, $1,165 per head. 1S57 — ^Mr. B. F. Harris, of Champaign, 111., marketed a load of cattle at Chicago averaging 2,7.86 pounds, and the heaviest load ever sold on that market. These cattle were picked out of 100 head which Mr. Harris had fed to the remarkable average of 2,377 pounds. Mr. Harris at this writing is alive and well. He is the champion feeder of heavy cattle. 1857, December 14th — ^Mr. Morrell intro- duced a bill in Congress providing for donations of land to states and territories which may provide agricultural colleges. 1857 — In this year the Globe Sickle Fac- tory of Pittsburg, Pa., was turning out sickles to greater value than all other factories in the United States. 1858— In this year Thomas H. Burridge. of St. Louis, Mo.,' Invented and built a traction steam engine intended chiefly for field culture. 1858 (about) — Messrs. Gundlach & Dressel, of Sonoma, Cal., imported choice varieties of French grapevines espe- cially from the Rhine provinces. 1858 — Nelson Morris commenced slaugh- tering operations at Twenty-first street, Chicago — origin of the one of the greatest packing houses in this country. 1S58 — The first Argentine (South America) Rural Society organized through the efforts and advice of Don Eduardo Olivera, a student in London. The first President was Geil. Gervasio A. Posadas. A more effective organiza- tion followed in 1866^ ^ 1858 — J. S. Rarey, an American, first exhibited in London, England, taming vicious horses. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 45 185S — Clydesdale stallion Imported Into Ohio by FuUington & Co. 1S58 (about) — Colonel Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Ga., Imported Brahmin cattle. 1859 — In the month of April of this year the first issue of the Nebraska Parmer was published by Mr. R. W. Furnas. It was a monthly, sixteen-page, three- column paper, the columns being nine inches long. Mr. Furnas continued pub- lication until April, 1862, when he ex- changed the pen for the sword and went to the war. He was afterwards Governor of Nebraska, and at the time of his death was Secretary of the State Board of Agri- culture. 1859— Mr. J. H. Pickrell, of Harristown, 111., first actively identified with Short- horn cattle interests. Afterwards Secre- tary of the American Shorthorn Herd Book. 1859 — Hampshire Down sheep men- tioned as probably a cross breed of Cots- wolds and Leioesters by Royal Agridult- ural Society. 1859 — Shropshire sheep awarded a place on prize sheet of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 1859 — Cotton shipments from Bombay. East Indies, to Europe and England, 622,319 bales. American crop same year, 4,861,000 bales; total exports, 3,774,000 bales. 1859 — Pleuro-pneumonia in cattle ap- peared in this country, being imported from Holland. 1859, July 20th — Fawkes' American Steam Plow, a gang of fourteen-inch prairie plows, was tried at Philadelphia in this year. The mean rate of speed was four miles an hour, and the united fur- rows were nine feet four inches wide. It plowed 4.3 acres an hour, and was satis- factory to the committee and spectators. 1859 — In September of this year the Maryland Agricultural College was form- ally opened. 1859— The Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania (now the Pennsylvania State College) opened for students in this year. Dr. Evan Pugh was the first President. FLORA TEMPLE— In her old age. From photo by Schreiber. 1859, October 15th — Flora Temple re- duced the trotting record to 2:19% at Kalamazoo, Mich. ^ She beat her own record three times in two months during this year under the guidance of James D. McManus. 1860— Goodenough's horseshoes, made by machinery, put on cold, patented in this year. 1860, September 27th— Visit of the Prince of Wales, then heir to the British Th rone, to the St. Louis Fair. 1860 (about) — The Chautauqua grape industry began. In 1900 the Chautauqua grape belt contained 25,000 acres of vint-s. of which 85 per cent, were of the Concord variety. 1860 (about) — Great deposits of potash salts found near Strassfurt, Germany, which are now largely used for fertilizers. 1S60 — Census of this year the first to report in detail the quantity and value of commercial fertilizers manufactured In the United States. 1860 — Lincoln sheep first given a class in English Agricultural Society. 1560— Hon. W. H. Stiles imported An- goras^eight head. 1860 — Small Yorkshire swine introduced into the United States — a pure hog of English York and Cumberland breeds. 1860 — Paris green first used in Eastern States to kill potato bugs. 1860 — A grower of Garnet Chili pota- toes preserved a seed ball of this variety, pinning it against his window until it was old and dry, when he gave it to Mr. Albert Breese, of Vermont, who planted the seeds and produced a number of good, bad and indifferent tubers and in- cluding one plant which surpassed all others. This was named the Early Rose, which became the leading variety in America. 1860 — In this harvest season four thou- sand McCormick reapers were reported to have been sold to farmers around Chicago. 1860 — Ground broken at Kansas City for the "Western Pacific Railroad. 1860— Flora Temple trotted three miles in harness, against time, in 7:33%. She was by Bogus Hunter, dam Madam Temple, by Terry Horse, and was one of the greatest trotters of her time. 1860— First cotton mill in Texas built at Huntsvllle by the State Government. 1860— In the fall of this year the first ,New York Agricultural College was opened at Ovid under Presidency of Major M. R. Patrick, but was closed again, owing to the breaking out of the Civil War, and was not opened again as a college. 1860 — In the year 1860 Illinois was seventh in the number of states as a pork and beef-packing center. California was first, with 199 houses; . Pennsylvania second with 106; New York third, with 91; Ohio fourth, with 55; New Hampshire fifth, with 46; New Jersey sixth, with 28; and Illinois seventh, with 22. Ten years later Chicago alone had 31 packing houses. In 1880 Chicago had 70 packing houses. 1860 — At the beginning of the year 1860 the book entitled "Industrial Chicago" enumerates the beef packers as follows: R. M. & O. S. Hough established in 1850; ' Cragin & Co. in 1854; Van Brunt & Wa- trous in 1858; Gurdon S. Hubbard In 1834; Hayward, Bloomfield & Co. in 1858; A. S. Brown & Co. in 1853; and Clybourne & Co. in 1827. The hog packers were Jones & Culbertson in 1858; Tobey & Booth in 1852; Leland & Mixer in 1859; George Steel in 1843; G. & J. Stewart in 1857; Thomas Nash in 1857; J. G. Law, succeed- ing Moore & Seaverns, In 1858; Patrick Curtiss in 1858; Burt & Higgins in 1858; Holder & Priest in 1858; Louis Richberg in 1858; Smith & Son in 1858; Reynolds & Lunt in 1857; Noyes & Co. in 1858; Charles Silver in 1858; and E. A. Kent & Co. in 1860. The first summer meat packing is credited to Tobey, Booth & Co., and Van Brunt and Watrous. I860 (about) — Bone black as clarifying or refining agent no longer used in sugar refining, being substituted by a sulphur- ous gas. 46 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1860 — In. this year five bushels of corn were raised in the United States for every single bushel of wheat. Illinois led the corn with 115,174,777 bushels; also the wheat with 23,837,023 bushels. 1860— Allen's Red "Prolific and Allen's Antwerp raspberries introduced to the public, being Improved sorts of the English red raspberry. Improved by L. F. Allen, of Black Rock, N. Y. 1860 — The census of this year says that the premium on gold Increased the price of farmers' wheat three to eight-fold. The large margin was in favor of the Western wheat grower. 1S60 — No. 2 cash wheat ranged from 66 cents per bushel in December to $1.13 in April. 1860 — The Department of Agriculture Introduced the Italian bee into this country- 1860 — Truck growers in Norfolk, Va., first to demonstrate that strawberries could be grown and ripened long in ad- vance of the Northern crop. The industry failed because the crop spoiled in transit, there being no refrigerator cars at that time. 1860 — ^United States Census reported 2,044,077 farms in the United States, an increase of 595,004 in ten years. 1860 — Center of number of farms in^the United States,- 42 miles northeast of Cin- cinnati, in Clinton county, Ohio. 1860 — Center of United States popula- tion, 20 miles south of Chilllcothe, O. 1861 — ^Touatt (on the Horse) said: "The English (Shire) draft horse sprung from Flemish blood." 1861 — Duchess Shorthorns exported to England by Mr. Samuel ThOrne, of New York state. 1861 — ^Early war prices of cotton: Highest price middling upland cotton, 38 cents: lowest of the year. 11% cents. 1S61 — Low price of wheat: June and July, 55 cents; highest, in May, $1.25. 1861 — Mr. Alfred I. Smith. Improver of Suffolk horses, established a stud at Woodbrldge, SufColkshire, England. 1861 — ^Roya! Agricultural Society of England awarded Mr. John Fowler $100 for the most economical application of steam power to the cultivation of the soil. 1S61 — First creamery or butter factory In the United States started in Orange county. New York. 1861 — In the season of 1861-2 the dis- tinction of being the leading P3,cking point in the country passed from Clincln- nati to Chicago. 1861 — In this year J. D. Ulrey and his partner, "Wm. Veach, were conducting a live stock commission business and stock yards at the corner of Irvin and North avenues, Allegheny, Pa., and practically represented all there was of the Pitts- burg live stock market. 1861 — L. Prevost, a Frenchman, began silk culture of the Pacific Coast near San Jose, Cal., an industry which did not succeed and was almost extinct by 1877. 1861 — Thomas McCrae, of Guelph, On- tario, began breeding Galloway cattle, and started successfully to prove the great merits and high value of the breed. 1861 — Modern herd of Aberdeen- Angus cattle established at Ballindallooh, Soot- land, by Sir George Macpherson Grant. ANGORA GOAT— KING CROMWELL. Prize winner and sire of winners. Owned by R. C. Johnston, of Lawrence, Kansas. Of the small fruits the strawberry crop is more than all the rest. Average of the United States, i,70l quarts per acre on 150,000 acres. 1861 — Jerry Burnett, from Bates county, Missouri, pioneer ranchman, settled in Denton county, Texas. 1861 — Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, /and served until April 14th, 1866, when he was assassinated. 1861 — Mr. Wm. Landrum was awarded a silver goblet and $25 in cash for the Introduction of the first Angoras (called Cashmeres at the time) into California. 1861 — ^Atwood Merino sheep introduced into Ohio by Mr. Mlnortone, of Lewis Center. 1862— Mr. Abram Fultz, of Pennsyl- vania, found some beautiful heads of smooth wheat In his field and originated a new variety which is known by Iiis name. 1862— On April 8th of this year I. Win- low, of Philadelphia, obtained a patent for a new method of preserving green corn, which he assigned to J. W. Jones, of Portland, Me. This was the French process invented by Nicholas Appert, In 1795. J862, May 15th— President Lincoln ap- proved the bill establishing a Department of Agriculture, the Department being organized on July 1st of the same year. Hon. Isaac Newton, of Pennsylvania, was the first Commissioner. 1862— In England, attention first drawn to the probabilities and possibilities of wheat breeding. 1862 — Lowest wheat, in January, 64 cents; highest, in August, 92% cents. 1862— First volume of Polled Herd Book, compiled by Mr. Edward Ravenscroft, of Edinburgh, Scotland, contained pedigrees of Galloways and Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 1862— Norfolk and Suffolk Red Polled cattle formally recognized In classes at International Show, Battersea Park, London. 1862— Royal Agricultural Society of Mgland Introduced special classes for Galloway cattle at InternaUonal Show at Battersea, near London. THE DATE BOOK OF" LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 47 THE GREATEST, CHEAPEST AND BEST POULTRY BOOK, THE NEW EGG FARM. The Most Valuable and Reliable Handbook Upon Producing Eggs arid Poultry For Market as a Profitable Enterprise, Either by Itself or Connected With Other Branches of Agriculture. By H. H. STODDARD, For Many Years Editor Poultry World and American Poultry Yard, Author of An Egg Farm, Etc., Etc. This is a practical, reliable manual upon producing- eggs and poultry for marlfet as a profitable business enter- prise, either by itself or connected with other branches of agriculture. The author has conducted great poultry farms both. East and West and is familiar with conditions in all parts of the country. He compar.es the best locations for the businesii. Tells how to build the houses for layers, breeders, sitters or chicks, adapted to the colony system, the yard system and other methods. How to feed and manage. How to breed and select. Choice of breeds and crosses. Management for mild or severe climates. How to feed fowls and keep them at exercise without hard work. How to manage hundreds of sitters with little labor, how to raise brooder chicks and keep them alive and growing. Essentials of duck rais- ing, and how to insure growth and fer- tility. Various styles of incubators and brooders are described and their merits compared. Directions for an incubator cellar. Best methods of heating and ventilating brooders. This is an entirely new work containing the author's ripest experience. The re- markable new labor-saving devices alone render it an epoch-making book. TABLE OF CONTENTS— Over 150 Illustrations. Page. Introductory Location 8 The Colony System 17 Supplying Their Needs 26 Houses for Layers 3B Houses for Breeders 51 Houses for Sitters 62 Houses for Sitters in Mild Climate 74 Management in Mild Climate. ... 92 Coops for Chickens 97 Fowls for Layers and Sitters. . . . 102 The Kinds of Food 112 Breeding and Incubation 113 Management of Sitters 125 Management of Young Chickens. 130 Additional Buildings 139 The Intensive System 146 The Exerciser The Tilt Box .^ Outdoor Exerciser Success with Ducks. Perfecting the Details For Soft Feed Alternate and Parallel Systems. Healthy, Vigorous Birds Business Poultry Farming. ; . . . , Artificial Incubation , Requisites of a Good Incubator. . Care of the Eggs , The Incubatpr Room , Brooders Method of Heating and Ventila- ting Brooders The Brooders of the Future. ... Page. 152 158 178 186 190 206 212 235 245 261 266 281 298 304 312 322 SPECIFICATIONS— Size, 12mo, or 5 x 8 Inches; 331 pages; 150 origipal illustrations; bound in cloth and boards illuminated with gold. THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER for one year and one copy of THE NEW EGG FARM will be sent postpaid on receipt of ONE DOLLAR. ADDRESS, THE HALE PUBLISHING CO,, 3550 Vista Avenue, ST. LOUIS, MO. 48 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1862 — Gail Borden, of Texas, patented a process by means of which the juice of fruit, such as apples, currants and grapes, could be reduced to one-seventh of its original bulk, 1862 — The Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture held the first Farmers' Institute. 1S63— In this year C. Aultman & Co., of Canton. O., made 3,100 "Buckeye" mow- ing and reaping machines. 1862, March 5th — Formation of the Kansas State Agricultural Society at Topeka. Officers — President,, Lyman Scott, of Leavenworth; Secretary, F. G. Adams, of Shawnee; Treasurer, Isaac Garrison, of Shawnee. 1862, July 2d — Passage of an act by the United States, apportioning lands for the establishment of State Agricultural Col - leges. 1863— A. W. Hall, of St. Louis, Mo., took out a patent for a steam plow. 1S63 — George M. Patchen, trotting under saddle, made the record of two miles in 4:56. 1863 — In this year at the International Exhibition at Hamburg, Germany, where all the finest flocks of Europe were rep- resented, two first-class prizes were awarded to Merino sheep from Vermont. 1863 — In this year Barbour Bros, estab- lished the first factory for making har- ness threads in this country. Previously all this product was imported from Ireland. 1863— New York Central Stock Yards at Buffalo, N. Y., opened this year. 1863, January — Isaac Newton, United States Commissioner of Agriculture, com- menced analysis of wines, soils and grapes with a view to assisting the culture of the vine. 1863 — Lowest wheat, in August, 80 cents; highest, December, $1.12i/i. 1863 — In this year the Grand Prix de Paris was instituted, the horse Rangei being the first winner. Head of prize-winning Ayrshire bull. 1863— Ayrshire cattle breeders in Amer- ica organized and begun the publication of a new herd book. 1863, February— List of agricultural papers in the United States published by Norman J. Colman in his Valley Parmer of this date: Rural New Yorker, Maine Farmer, New England Farmer, Boston Cultivator, Massachusetts Plowman, Hov- eys Magazine of Horticulture, N. H Journal of Agriculture, American Agri- culturist. Working Farmer, Horticult- urist, Farmer and Gardener, The Garden- ers' Monthly, Country Gentleman, Genes- see Parmer, Ohio Farmer, Michigan Parmer, Prairie Parmer, Illinois Parmer, Wisconsin Parmer, Iowa Homestead, California Parmer. Canadian Agriculturist. 1863 — The American Devon Herd Book, the first volume of a new series, published in this year. 1864— About this time in Warren coun- ty, Mississippi, Peeler cotton, the first long-staple upland variety, was intro- duced, by whom not known. The most widely-grown of long-stapled cotton in Mississippi and Louisiana. 1864 — Smallest crop of cotton grown any time in the United States after it became a crop. The crop of 1864-5 was about 250,000 bales. The Civil War was responsible for the shortage. ' 1S64 — Highest wheat, in June, J2.26 per bushel; lowest, in March, $1.07. 1864— High war prices of cotton: High- est price of the year, $1.90 per pound: lowest, 72 cents. This for upland mid- dling on the New York market. 1864— Year of the birth of the "cigar- ette" made from Perlque tobacco of Louisiana and the bright yellow types of North Carolina and Virginia. 1864 — White Burely tobacco originated in Brown county, Ohio, from a sprout of the red . Burley. Well adapted to plug fillers and plug and twist wrappers. 1865— Dexter, by Hambletonian, 10, dam by American Star, trotted two miles to wagon in a race,in 4:56i4,. 1865, February— Act passed in Kan.ias to prevent Texas stock being driven into the state on account of Southern fever. 1865— Beginning of the spread of the peanut industry.. Soldiers campaigning in Eastern Virginia acquired knowledge of the plants and carried the seed over the South. 1865, February 13th— Special charter granted by Legislature of Illinois to Union Stock Yard and Transit Company of Chicago, 111. Incorporators: John I . Hancock, Virginius A. Turpin, Roselle M. Hough, Sidney A. Kent, Charles M. Cul- bertson, Lyman Blair, Martin L. Sykes, Jr., George W. Cass, James P. Joy, John P. Tracy,, Timothy B. Blackstone, John H. Moore, John S. Barry, Homer E. Saigenl, Burton C. CoOk, John B, Drake, William D. Judson, David Kreigh, Jxiseph Sherwin. and John B. Sherman. 1865 — About this time vegetable grow- ing under glass began to attract wide- spread attention. 1865 — National Wool Growers' Associa- tion organized. 1865 — Captain MoGowan, a roan horse of unknown breeding, established the twonty-mile trotting record of 58:25. 1865 — L. B. Silver, of Cleveland, O,, bought the foundation of his Ohio Im- proved Chester hogs and commenced to build a strain or family according to hi.s idea. 1865- Auction of Shorthorn Grand Duchess cattle by catalogue at Willis' Rooms, London, no animals being in sight. Thirteen cattle averaged $2,177.28 per head. 1865 — The rinderpest, originating in Russia, reached London by importation of foreign cattle. 1865 — Extract of meat, invention by Liebig. 1865, April 14th — Andrew Johnson elected Vice-President, succeeds to the Presidency of the United States, and serves nearly four years. 1865 — Lowest wheat, in December, 85 cents; highest, in January, $1.55. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 49 1SS5, December 25th — Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., thrown open for business. 1865— "Gardening For Profit," by Peter Henderson, issued in this year — the first important work devoted exclusively to marlcet gardening. 1865— In this year the Turf, Field and Farm was founded by S. D. Bruce, B. G. Bruce and Hamilton Busbey. ■1865 — The territorial government of Montana passed an act concerning marks and brands at the request of cattle raisers then engaged in the business. 1865 — J. M. Daugherty, famous driver of trail herds, engaged as cowboy for James Adams at San Antonio, Texas. He afterwards delivered 4'0,000 Texas cattle in one year at government Indian agencies in the Northwest. 1865 — In this year the total recorded live stock receipts at St. Louis amounted to 94,370 cattle, 99,663 hogs and 52,133 sheep. 1865 — About this time Paris green was first applied for the destruction of the potato bug and other leaf-destroying insects. 1866 — In this year a Colorado Cattle Growers' Association was partly organ- ized; was completed in November of the year following with John Lilly, President; and J. S. "Wheeler, Secretary. It was the year 1875 before Colorado had an impor- tant cattle-growing interest. 1S66 — Practical Floriculture by Peter Henderson appeared this year; first im- portant volume on the subject. . 1866 — Henry L. DeVilmorin, a French plant breeder, found that 1,000 to 1,300 feet apart was suffioient to prevent spon- taneous intercrossing by wind-blown pollen. Pie was experimenting with In- dian corn. 1866 — Anconas fowls first brought to public notice in the United States by the late Francis A. Mortimer. 1866, January — Mr. Luther Tucker, ol Albany. N. Y., publishing two farm papers. The Culti'vator, by consolidation with The Genessee Farmer, dating back to 1831, arid The Country Gentleman, founded In 1840, combined the papers under the name of The Cultivator and Country Gentleman, the title being abbre- viated to "The Country Gentleman" in 1S98. 1866 — The fastest mile record trotting under saddle up to this period was made by Dexter, the great son of Hamble- tonian, 10, the time being 2:18. 1866— In this year 262,000 head of Texas cattle were driven across the Red river into the Indian territory and started for Sedalia, Mo., then the western terminus of the Missouri Pacific Railway; but local organizations of settlers barred the way and the drive ended in disaster and ruin to the drovers. 1-'C6 — After-the-war cotton prices: Up- land middling, highest of the year at New York, 52 cents per pound; lowest, 32 cents. 1866 — First Belgian draft horse impor- tation to this country by Dr. A. G. Van Hoorebeke, of Monmouth, 111. Horses were called Boulonnals. 1866 — ^In this year Charles Goodnight, famous Texas ranchman, together with Oliver Loving, a native Texan, drove a herd of cattle from Southern Texas up the Pecos river valley to Fort Sumner in order to fill a government contract. At this period the trail was not established and no cattle were ranging between Horsehead Crossing and Fort Sumner. In one of these trips Oliver Loving was killed by Indians. 1866— J. O. Sheldon, of Geneva, N. Y., bought up all the available pure Duchess Shorthorns in America. 1866 — Dr. J. Stayman, of Leavenworth, Kas., grew a lot of apple seedlings, the seed being selected from a choice lot of Winesap apples grown in. the county. He originated what is now known as the Stayman "Winesap apple. IDA OF ST. LAMBERT— Jersey cow. 1866 — The Island Herd Book of Jersey Cattle was started in this year. The first examination for qualification was held on the 4th of April. Forty-two bulls"" were registered as foundation stock. Later 182 cows were examined and approved, and by the end of 1868 altogether 92 bulls and 381 cows and heifers had been exam- ined. All these were Qualified as founda- tion cows. Col. Le Cornu was the Hon- orary Secretary and Treasurer. 1866 — "Prinoe of Wales" foaled; most prominent Clydesdale sire, bred bv James Nicol Fleming, of Ayrshire, Scotland; was sold at five years old for $7,500; sire of Albion, 3,000-guinea colt. 1866 — Lowest wheat, in February, 77 cents; highest, $2.03. 1S67— The first United States patent for a disc plow granted to M. A. & I. M. Cravath, of Bloomington, 111. 1867 — Bailey's Annals of Horticulture -says that in this year the experiment of shipping green fruit by express from Cali- fornia was tried with no very flattering results, as the excessive express rates, in connection with the fact that the fruit did not arrive in very good condition, made the experiment a losing one on the part of the shippers. 1867 — The "Willett peach originated about this time from a peach stone brought by Cornelius O'Brien, of Bryant's Minstrels, from South America, and by him sown in his garden at 110 "West Fortieth street. New York City. The property came into possession ,of Mr. "Wallace P. "Willett when the tree was in full bearing. Twelve selected specimens of the fruit of the original tree weighed twelve ounces each and measured twelve inches in circumference. It is described in Department of Agriculture Year Book, 1902. 1867— Mr. Andrew Albright, of New Jersey, patented a process for the intro- duction of hard rubber covered harness trimmings, a purely American invention, which has figured conspicuously as a mounting for fine harness. 1867 — Gerrit S. and Dudley MUler, of New York, imported Holstein-Friesian cattle from the best herds in Holland. 1867— First selection of Griffin cotton produced by John Griffin, Refuge Plan- tation, Greenville, Miss. One of the best long-staple upland cottons. 50 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1867— At the Paris Exposition, a Poitou jack sold for $3,200, to go to South America. 18g7_The Bn.sjlish Derby was won by Hermit, a horse owned by Mr. H. Chati • lin. There were thirty starters, and thi-' time was 2:52. A horse called Marksman was second. 1S67 — A pear tree, planted by Governor Peter Stuyvesant at the corner of Thir- teenth street and Third avenue. New York, was destroyed in this year, attPr having attained to more than 200 years of age. 1867, July 30th — Dexter, the first great son of.Hambletonian, 10th, dam Clara, by American Star, made his famous trotting record of 2:19 at Riverside Park, Boston, Mass. The track was a half-mile one. and he was driven by the celebrated Budd Doble. liST, November 26th— First patent for refrigerator car taken out by -J. B. Suth- erland, of Detroit, Mich. 1867 — American Shorthorn cattle sold at the Queen's farm, Windsor, consigned by Mr. Sheldon, of New York. Nine cattle sold at an average of $2,615.50 per head. These cattle were sold by candle light. 1867 — C. W. Chenery, of Massachusetts, Imported Angora goats. Igij7 — s, H. Todd, son of the originator of the Todd hog. began crossing with pure Chester Whites; origin of the O.I.C. Improved Hog. 18C7 — Mr. Israel S. Diehl, commissioned by the United States Agricultural Depart- ment, visited the Province of Angora to investigate the mohair industry. 1867 — In this year a cattle trail was established, extending 1,200 miles from Corpus Christl, Texas, to Abilene, Kansas, mainly through the exertions of James G. McCoy. This trail lasted with- out change for four years and the north- ern terminus was afterwards changed several times, notably to Wichita and Dodge City. In twenty years 9,999,970 head of cattle passed over the trail, which finally extended by way of Ogallala, Ne- braska, to the British possessions. 1867 — ^A. C. Franklin and Major Tul Craig, of Sumner county, Tennessee, made large importation of Catalon'an jacks, first importation after the war. 1867, August 14th— The famous Dexter reduces the mile trotting record to 2:17% at Buffalo, N. Y. 1867 — First of many Shorthorn cattle importations by Hon. M. H. Cochrane, of Hillhurst, Quebec, Canada. 1867 — Lowest wheat, in August, $1.55; highest. $2.85, in May. 1867 — "Practical Floriculture" issued by Peter Henderson — the first work of im- portance on the subject in America. 1867 — Brahmin cattle introduced into Mexico. P. McManus & Sons shipped twenty head (from the Davis importa- tion) to a farm near the City of Mexico. 1868 — Mr. James Duncan, sugar refiner, of Mincing Lane, London, erected first beet sugar factory in England at Laven- ham, in Suffolk. 1868 — ^Mr. Parker Earle, of Cobden, 111., successfully transported strawberries to Chicago, New York and New Orleans in refrigerator cars. 1S68 — John H. Potts &-. Son, of Jackson- ville, 111., commenced breeding Shorthorn cattle which developed Into a great show herd. 1868 — Beef cattle were driven out of Montana Territory by D. Hogan, of Augusta, in the interest of a firm named Orenstein & Popper, of Salt Lake City, and bought from a range cattle owner named P. Largey. A Percheron horse at the Fair. 1868 — The first Percheron horse impor- tatior. west of the Wabash riiade ijy W. J. Edwards, of Chirago. He imported two gloat stallions called Success and French Emperor. / 1868 — The seedless apple reported to the New York Farmers' Club as having been found in West Virginia. 18G8 — Longfellow, a chestnut gelding by Red Bill, paced three miles to wago.i in a race in 7:53. 1S68 — 'Lowest wheat, in November, $1,041/2; highest, in July, $2.20. 1868— On the 11th of July, 1868, Major Wm. Noble Davis, of Kendall county, Illi- nois, bought 181 head of Texas cattle at the Chicago Union Stock Yards as feeders for $20 per head. He paid $550 damages for introdubing Texas fever to the cattle of Laureston Walker, who was one of his neighbors. 1868 — In the siring of this year, A. C. and W. D. Cassidy, together with JD. Sam Irons and John T. Berry, formed a part- nership in the live stock commission business at the Broadwav Stock Yards, St. Louis, Mo. Others engaging in the business about the same time were J. L. ' & R. F. McCormack Buchanan & Hurley and Tom Gregory. All were pioneers in the live stock commission business. 1868 — Sir J. Hawley's Blue Gown, sired bj- Beadman. won the English Derby in the remarkably fast time for that period of 2:43 V!!. Eighteen horses started. King Alfred being the second. 1868 — 'The first person who engaged in packing pork at Kansas City was Thomas J. Bigger, in the fall of 1868. Mr. Bigger engaged exclusively in preparing meats for shipment to Belfast; Ireland. 1868— Tlie twelfth census of the United States says that the most Important step in the development of American beef as an article of commerce was the invention of the refrigerator car by William Davis, of Detroit. The patents were issued in 1868, and in September, 1869, the first cargo of fresh beef was shipped from Chicago to Boston. This was the com- mencement of a great industry in the United States and the initial step toward the foreign trade. The cars now used by the great meat packers of the West are founded on the Davis patent of 1868. 1868 — The Chicago house of Armour & Co. began packing hogs in 1868. The beef packing was of later origin. Armour, Plankington & Co. had previously organ- ized in 1863 at Milwaukee. In 1870 they absorbed a large portion of the pork- packing interests of Chicago.. The Kansas City house was established In; 1871. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 51 1868 — Annals of Horticulture by Bailey says that in the month of November, 1868, N. B. Doe, at that time located on Vesey Pier, New York, received one car of Cal- ifornia grapes and three cars of pears. The grapes consisted of several varieties, but mostly Tokays, and arrived in good condition, selling from $10 to $15 per crate of forty pounds net. These grapes came through by passenger train in a ventilated car, with freight charges of $1,200. The pears were winter Nells and Easter Buerre and arrived in very good condi- tion. They realized from $3.50 to $5.00 per box. The pears came by freight train in ventilated cars and were in transit twenty days, freight on same being $600 per car. - The result of the shipment aJEorded sufficient encouragement for shippers to continue with increased con- signments. 1868— In the year 1868 Mr. B. P. Hutch- ins -.n bought ground adjoining the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, and immediately proceeded to build a large packing house upon it. This is the leading item in con- nection with the concentration of packing houses in the. vicinity of the stock yards. 186S — The perpetual flowering carnations first imported into America, and growing them under glass was commenced. 1868 — D. Hogan drove a herd of beef cattle from Montana for the purpose of filling contracts along the Union Pacific Railroad. The contractors were Oren- stein & Popper, of Salt Lake City, and the cattle were purchased by P. Largey. 1868 — Cheese making reported as being an important industry at Centralia, Nemaha county, Kansas. 1869 — The English Derby was won by Pretender, a horse owned by Mr. ' J. Johnstone. The time was 2:52%, and Pero Gomez was second. 1869 — Experiments^ of E. A. Carriere with the wild radish form a classical example of plant breeding. In five years by means of cultivation and selection alone he produced from a troublesome weed practically all the type forms of radish In cultivation. 18R9 — In this year only four varieties of sweet corn were to be found in the seed catalogues. l.;f;9^LongfeIlow made the record for four miles paced in harness in a race, the time being 10:34%. Longfellow was sired by Red Bill, but his dam is un known. ' 1869 — The fastest record for four miles trotted in harness in a race was made by Lady Dooley, a brown mare by BlacJc Hawk. The time for the distance was 11:05. 18C9— Ulj-sses S. Grant elected Presi- dent of the United States, and served eiglit years. 1869 — Downing's "Fruits and Fruit Trees of America," published this year, mentions more than 130 varie'ties of peaches in this country, also 970 varieties of pears. The Smithfleld beef champion. 1868 — In this year a four-year-old Hereford ox was winner of the gold medal as the best ox or steer of any breed. This at the show of the Smith- fleld Club in Lqndon. 1869— Dr. P. Nobbe, In Tharand, Saxony, began testing seeds, and was . the begin- ning of extensive seed central work in Europe. McALPINB. — Champion Brown Swiss cow at the Illinois State Fair, 1906. Owned and exhibited by B._ M. Barton, of Hinsdale, 111. 1869 — In the autumn of this year one bull and seven heifers received in Massa- chusetts of the Brown Swiss herd repre- sent the earliest American arrivals of these cattle. 1869 — A writer in the Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope says: "A feature worthy of note is that Bre- dasdorp opened the new industry of ostrich farming, as in the spring of 1869 the first lot of chicks were domesticated witn remarkable success on the farm Zoetendal's Vallei, where the wild ostrich was to be seen stalking the downs in large flocks. It was of these birds, twenty-one in all, of which one of the Duke of -Edinburgh's party shot one by mistake near the yard, taking them for wild birds after the Duke had bagged a fine wild cock not far off." 1869 — The first commercial orchard in the Southwest planted five tniles west of Springfield, Mo., by Hon. Ira S. Haseltine. It consisted then of 90 acres, and In- creased until 2,000 acres or more of apple orchards were planted by this family. 1869— The disease first called dikkop, later known as wire worm, developed to an alarming extent amongst sheep and goats in South Africa, killing eighty to ninety per cent, of lambs and kids. 1869— A count of cheese factories showed 1,000 or more to be operated in the United States. 1869— James T. Worthlngton published a "Manual of Fig Culture in the Northern and Middle States." It was issued at Chillicothe, Ohio. 1869— A native of Angora, in Asia Minor, A. Butyohides, brought 175 Angora goats to this country. 1869— On Decembec 15 the Kansas City Pomologlcal Society was incorporated, the first President being William Tanner, of Leavenworth. This was changed later to the Kansas State Horticultural Society. 1869, May— Mr. J. H. Sanders began the publication of the monthly Western Stock Journal, issued at Slgourney, la., after- wards consolidated with the National Live Stock Journal. 1369- Dlehl & Brown, of Ohio, Imported 135 Angora goats. 52 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1869 — Extensive markets and abattoirs OL La Vilette, concentrating tlie seven live stock markets near Paris, France, were opened in this year. 1869— London Sraithfield Club beef cattle champions for previous thirty- three years were as follows: Shorthorns, 14 times; Aberdeen- Angus, 9; Crosses, 4; Devons, 3; and Herefords. 3. 1S69 — Highest wheat, in August, $1.46: lowest, in December, 16% cents. 1S69, September — A successful shipment of dressed beef to Boston in a refriger- ator car made by D. W. Davis, of Detroit, Mich.; said to be the beginning of the dressed-beef industry. 1870 — In this year was the first recorded export of cotton-seed oil, amounting to $14,946 in value. This increased to $2,514,300 in 1878. 1870 — In this year a large cargo of live cattle was • exported from a Southern Texas port to Glasgow, Scotland, and only 15 per cent, arrived. These ship- ments became more regular afterwards, but the shipping expenses were advanced to $48.66 per head and the trade was closed on that account. 1870 — Mr. Emerson, of Mountain View, Santa Clara county, introduced pure-bred Holstein cattle into the state of Cali- fornia. 1870 — Lord Falmouth won the Englisli Derby, with Kingcraft, by King Tom, in 2:45. Palmerton was second in a field of fifteen starters. 1870 — In this year olemargarine was in- vented by a Frenchman named Mege- mouries. 1870 — The first Japanese plum to grow in this country, the Kelsey, was intro- duced in this year. 1870 — John Reber, of Lancaster, O., be- gan the work of importing Clydesdale horses into the United States. 1870 — The census of this year shows the sweet potato crop of the United States to be 21,709,824 bushels — Vermont producing only 96 bushels. 1870 — George Waring, farmer and sani- tary engineer, introduced the Trophy tomato, tlie result of twenty-three years' careful selection. 1870— Clark & Green, of Jefferson county. New York, made an exhibit of Cheshire .swine at the St. Louis Fair, and won. $500 offered by pork packers for the best herd for packers' use. 1870 — Belgian draft horses imported by Massion & Son, Of Minonk. 111. 1S70— Brown Swiss cattle first imported by H. M. Clarke, of Belmont, Mass. 1870— More than 80 per cent, of the sheep In the United States were of Merino blood. 1870. June 8th— Daniel McMillan sale of Shorthorns at Xenia, O. Seventy-four cattle averaged $864.60 per head. 1870— First large prune orchard planted at San Josu, Cal. 1870— One of the greatest show yard contests m hjstory— Shorthorns at the St. Louis Fair. Colonel Wm. S. King, of Minneapolis, Minn., winner of the herd prize, defeating lUinois, Missouri and Kentucky. 1870— United States Censtis reported 2,659,985 farms in the United States, an increase of 615.908 farms in ten years. ti}IlT~P^I'iV P^ tj.® number of farms in the United States, 31 miles east-northeast ot Cincinnati, in Brown county, Ohio. 1870 (about)— Introduction of "new process of reducing wheat to flour at Minneapolis, Minn. Large Influence in opening up spring- wheat section of the Northw estern States to settlement 1S70— The Union Colony settled s Greeley. Colo., begun irrigating. 1870, November 1st — First systematize weather bulletin issued by United Stat< Signal Service. Twenty-four stations rt ported. 1870 — General Charles P. Stone, a American serving in the army of tk Khedive of Egypt, sent shoots of tli Date Palm to Southern California. 1870 — In this year Nutwood, 2:18%, wa foaled at Wodburn Farm, Ky. He was noted sire of standard speed and greatl distinguished as a brood mare sire. B January, 1906, his daughters had produce 268 performers with records in standar time, of which number 200 were trotters No other stallion has nearly so good record. 1870— Center of United States popula tion, 48 miles east of north of Cincin nati. O. 1870, November 17th — First beet-suga factory In California opened on the f^i of B. F. Dyer, of Alvarado, Alamedi county, by the California Beet Suga Company. The stockholders were: C ] Hutchinson, Flint, Bixby & Co T G Phelps, E. H. Dyer, E. R. Carpenter, E F. Dyer, W. B. Carr, W. T. Garratt, E G Rolins, all of California, and A. D. Bone steel, A. Otto and Ewald Kllnean, o Wisconsin. 1870 — JiOwest wheat, in April, 73;! cents; highest. In July, $1.31%. 1871 — Baron Rothschild's horse. Favor lus, captured the English Derby, Alber Victor and King of the Forest running ; dead heat for second place. Time, 2:50. 1871— Great year of the Texas cattl( dryes to Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska Wyoming and Montana. About 600 00( cattle went north on the various trails. 1871— The National Live Stock Journa of January, 1871, contains a write-up froir Duchess Farmer of the largest emporiun for live stock but one In the Unitec States. This emporium was owned bj the New York Central and Hudson Rivei Railroad at West Albany, N. Y. The yards were constructed to accommodate 8,000 cattle and 10,200 sheep. The pens for hogs contained 1,144,000 square feet The article concludes by saying that 3,000 cattle are often sold, weighed, paid for and shipped within' the space of three and one-half hours. 1871— At the Weehawken (N. J.) Stock Yards, way back in ,the past, they charged 40 cents yardage on Texas cattle. A newspaper called the Globe said in Jan- uary, 1871: "Those cattle from Texas have wide-spreading horns and look lean and lank. It would, be Impossible to fatten such creatures or out a tender steak from them. This Item was discovered in an investigation of the cattle trade of the United States and Is an example of old- time conditions. Texas cattle were shioped all the way from the range country to Weehawken, N. J., and were shrunk of their fat irt transit and eaten up by expenses. This acounts for the imrnense number of beef cattle that net their owners but $10 per head on the home ranges. 1871— The American Trotting Register started by J. H. Wallace In New York, 1871— Golden Eagle, one of the eight races of corn recognized by the Illinoi.'i Corn Breeders' Association, originated this year with H. B. Perry, of Toulon, III. 1871, June 1st— The first opening of the Kansas City Stock Yards as a live stock market. First President, James F. Joy; Superintendent, J. G. Smith; Secretary and Treasurer, Geo. N. Altman. Receipts for seven months of 1871 were 120,827 cattle, 41,036 hogs, 4,527 Sheep and 809 horses and mules. _-£t THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 53 Valuable Catalogues CONTAINING NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF PROMINENT FARMERS WHO EXHIBITED LIVE STOCK OR PRODUCE OF THEIR OWN FARMS AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. Festival Hall at the World's Fair. At the close of the World's Fair the office of this paper purchased the entire remaining supply of official catalogues of the Agriculture, Horticulture and Live Stock exhibits at the World's Fair. They are the complete edition and only a few hundred copies remain. One set of catalogues consists of two books, which contain the complete list of all agricultural exhibitors at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. There are 336 pages in all, of which 136 pages contain the names and postoffice addresses of 14,000 American farmers who had exhibits of their own productions at the Fair. The lists are arranged alphabetically by states. This set, consisting of the Agricultural and Horticultural catalogues, will be sent postpaid on receipt of One Dollar. Another set of catalogues consists of five -different books, which contain 560 pages in all. These catalogues represent the World's Fair horse, cattle, swine, sheep, goat, poultry, pet stock and dog exhibits. They are not arranged by states, but give the names and pedigrees of every animal entered with the name and address of the exhibitor in each case. A very valuable list of high-class stock raisers, several thousand in number, can be selected from these catalogues. We will furnish the entire set of live stock catalogues on receipt of One Dollar. In a few months not a single copy of these catalogues will be available. The sets will not be broken, but we have a few extra copies of the poultry catalogue. This was issued after the show was well started, and in addition to a perfect classification of all exhibits contains the complete list of prize winners. These extra copies will be sent by mail prepaid on receipt of 50 cents per copy. Address orders for catalogues and make money orders payable to THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., - 3550 Vista Avenue, - St. Louis. Mc. 54 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1871 — In April of this year the National Live Stock Journal of Chicago contained an item whch commences by saying that Texas has 500,000 inhabitants and 2,000,- 000 head of cattle. It mentions the ranch of Col. Richard King, who owned 65,111 cattle, 10,000 horses, etc. The article concludes by saying: "A steer is worth about $10 in Texas." 1871 — "Billy Atlanta," famous Angora male, killed by accident, at ten years old was sire of 2,000 kids, and was sweep- stakes winner during his entire life. Owned by Wm. Landrum, of San Joaquin countj', California. 1871 — Lowest wheat, in August, 92% cents; highest, in February, April and September, $1.32. 1871, September — National Live Stock Journal established at Chicago by John P. Reynolds and George W. Rust. GOLDSMITH'S MAID. 1871, September -6th — Goldsmith's Maid placed the trotting record at 2:17 at Mil- waukee, Wis., driven by Budd Doble. She was sired by Abdallah, 15, her dam Ab, by Abdallah, 1. 1872 — In a book entitled "One Hundred Tears of American Commerce," by Hon. Chaunccey M. Depew, a chapter by Philip D. Armour mentions this year as the first of consequence in summer pork packing, there being 505,000 hogs packed in the summer season of that year. 1872 — In this year the first commercial organization of packers of canned goods met in convention at Philadelphia. 1872, June 9th — In a race against time. Goldsmith's Maid reduced the world's trotting record to 2:16%. 1872 — ^In November of this year the first north-bound shipments of Texas beef cat- tle were shipped from Denison to the Chi- cago market. The route was by the M., K. & T. Railway to Hanibal, thence to Chicago. The. first shipment consisted of fifty-five cars, the principal shipper being Jerry Ellis, of San Antonio. Mr. John G. Taylor represented the railroad interest as live stock agent of the M., K. & T. and C, B. & Q. Systems. 1872 — From this year dates the cattle- ranching period In what is called the Pecos river country in Texas. John Chisum, a- pioneer ranchman, and the only one distinguished by having a trail named after him, was the one cowman known to ranching on the Pecos at that time. 1872 — The National Swine Breeders' Convention .mentions one family of pigs, known as Victorias, originated with Col- onel Frank T>. Curtis, of Kirby Home- stead, Charlton, Saratoga cbunty, N. T.. referred to as Curtis Victorias. De- scended from a sow called Queen Victoria. 1872— Olive oil first riiade In California at Santa Barbara. 1872 — Poland-China swine officially adopted by the National Swine Breeders' Convention. 1872 — For the second successive time a. horse sired by Parmesan won the English Derby. This year it was Cremorne, the property of a Mr. Savile. The time was 2:45%7 Pell Mell came in second. ^ 1872 — National Swine Breeders' Con- vention mentioned description of Neapoli- tan hog, a few being in this country. 1872, September 5th — Earl Dunmore's cattle, forty-eight Shorthorns, sold at an average of $1,250 per head. 1872 — National Swine Breeders' Con- vention mentions description of American Suffolk swine. 1872, November 17th — Permanent Na- tional organization of American Short- horn Breeders. First officials elected: President, Dr. A. C. Stevenson, of Green- castle, Ind.; Vice-Presidents, Wm. War- field, of Lexington, Ky., and Hon. David Christy, of Paris, Canada; Treasurer, John G. Dunn, of London, O.; Secretary, B. H. Campbell, of Batavia, 111. 1872 — Elgin Board of Trade organized. Establishes weekly butter quotations in the Elgin district and has great infiuence in regulating the price of butter produc- tion in the United States. 1872 — Mr. P. M. LaPrice Introduced a valuable greenish-yellow sugar cane into Louisiana from the Eastern hemisphere. 1872 — ^Lowest wheat, in November, $1.01; highest, in August, $1.61. 1873, January — Daily Drovers' Journal founded at the Chicago Union Stock Yards by Harvey D. Goodall. 1873 — In this year Florida oranges began to arrive at the New York Produ'ce Market, some of the earliest arrivals being consigned to Waiter Carr- & Co. For several years the price of these fine oranges was $6.00 per box. In the be- ginning it is said that a large number of irresponsible dealers obtained consign- ments of oranges for which they made no returns. A book entitled "Annals of Hor- ticulture" says: "It is undoubtedly true that the fruit growers were swindled right and left, so that it is no wonder they looked about for a remedy, and soon after the Florida Fruit Exchange (now the greatest fruit organization in the world) entered the field, and to-day stands at the head. 1873 — ^In this year a shipment of dressed beef was made from Denison, Texas, to New York City. The parties to the ex- periment were John G. Taylor, Live Stock Agent M., K. & T. Railway; John Bates, & Bro., bankers, 52 Wall street, New York; George H. Rankin, owner of an ice machine at Denison, Texas; and Geo. H. Hammond, beef packer of Hammond, Ind. Four loads of cattle bought by Mr. Taylor were slaughtered by a butcher named Qulnn and placed In refrigerator cars which were Imperfect in construc- tion. Although the train was delayed and behind a wreck at Parsons, Kas., and went to New York via Chicago, the meat arrived in good condition. Defective cars and poor icing communications interfered with later shipments and the /death of Mr. John Bates put an end to the experi- ment. 1873 — In this year the St. Louis Slaugh- tering and Rendering Company opened up for business. It was located opposite the Pacific Stock Yards, on the Man- chester Road. Mr. Joseph Mulhall was President, and the capital stock was $500,000. Before the days of cold storage and refrigeration this was one of the greatest Western slaughtering plants. ■THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 55 1S73 — In this year M. GofEart success- fully kept maize as ensilage. He is gen- erally credited with being the originator of the silo. 1873 — ^Mendel's collection of orchids, offered in the spring of this year, sold in England as high as £20, £40, and one plant £59 17s.. the returns for the whole collection being £4.361. 1873 — Henry Evans, Jr., of Baltimore, fitted up a cannery for canning sweet corn which afterwards was sold to Mr. E. E. Sears and successfully run to be the largest sugar corn factory in the Bast In the hands of his widow. Mrs. Sears. 1873 — On March ,3d Congress passed an act to regulate the shipping of live stock, familiarly called the 28-hour law. It re- quired all stock in transit to be unloaded, fed and watered every 28 hours unless transported in cars, boats or other ves- sels, where they could be properly fed, watered and rested. 1873 — Doncaster, owned by Mr. Merry, took the English Derby in a small field of twelve starters, the time being 2 :50, Doncaster was sired by Stookwell. A dead heat for second place resulted be- tween Gang Forward and Kaiser. 1S73 — George Grant, of Victoria, Kas., imported three Aberdeen-Angus bulls. "1873 — First importation' of Red Polled cattle Into .the United States by G. F. Taber, of Patterson, N. J. 1873 — Dr. Wm. McMurtrie, Chemist of Department of A.griculture, commenced investigation to determine suitable loca- tions for production of the sugar beet. 1873 — Aberdeen-Angus cattle imported from Scotland by Mr. Grant, of Victoria, Kas. 1873, August 9th — Hubbard, the great race horse, established the two and three- quarter mile record ot 4:58%, which stands to-day as the greatest perform- ance of its kind. Hubbard was by Planet. 1873, September 10th — Shorthorn cattlo sale at New York Mills. 110 head sold for $383,000, or an average of a trifle 6ver $3,482 per head. 1873, September 10th — Three-year-old Shorthorn bull, 2d Duke of Oneida, sold by Walcott & Campbell, of New York Mills, to T. J. Megibben for $12,000. 1S73, September 10th — Seven-year-old Shorthorn cow, 8th Duchess ot Geneva, sold at NeV York Mills to R. Pavin Davis, of England, foi $40,600. 1873, September 10th — Seven-year-old Shorthorn cow, 10th Duchess of Geneva, sold at New York Mills by Valcott & Campbell to Earl Bective for $35,000. 1873. September 10th — Two-year-old Shorthorn heifer, 1st Duchess of Oneida, sold at New York Mills by Walcott & Campbell to Lord Skelmersdale fov $30,600. 1873, September 17th — At Sacramento, Cal., Occident establishes a world's trot- ting record in 2:16%. 1873. November 19— The St. Louis Na- tional Stock Yards were officially opened as a live stock market, although some stock had been received and handled as early during the year as the latter part of June. The first officers were: A. M. AUerton, President; and Ri M. Moore Secretary ana Treasurer. The first Board of Directors was composed of A. M. AUerton, T. C. Eastman, John B. Dmtcher, Alexander M. White, Andrev Pierce, Augustus Schell, Azariah Bood.v. Oscar Townsend, John B. Bowman, E. W. Woodward and William g. McKeen. 1873— At the close of this year 397 places were enumerated as containing one or more pork-packing establishments. 1873— A herd of fat beef cattle from the range of Montana driven by a Mr. Forbes to Ogden, Utah, and shipped to Chicago. The cattle were ranged by Conrad Kohrs in the Sun River country. .1873 — Paris green first used as a spray for fruit trees about this time. 1873 — ^At Luenburg, Mass., Luther Bur- bank originated the famous Burbank potato, his first important success in plant improvement. 1873 — Lowest wheat, in September, 89 cents; highest, in July, $1.46. 1874 — In this year the Wyoming Cattle Growers' Association was organized. 1874 — Mr. Cartwright's horse George Frederick captured the English Derby in the time of 2:46. George Frederick was sired by Marsyas. The winner of second was Couronfie de Fer. 1874 — In February, the National Live Stock Journal, reported pure-blood Short- horn b.ulls sold to Texas cattle raisers whose names are mentioned here; Capt. E. R. Stiff, of McKinney, Collin county; Capt. Richard Carr, also of Collin county; Capt. A. H. Shoemaker, of Decatur, Wise county; Capt. Wm. A. Rhea, ot Collin county; John D. Merchant and Elijah Emberson, of Denton county; Giiles, Flip- pin, Samuel Skinner, Geo. Herndon and H. M. Porvin, all of Denton county; and D. C. Jordan, qf Montague county. The importation was by W. R. Duncan, of McKinney, Teaxs. 1S74 — M. W. Dunham established an importing and breeding farm for Per- cheron horses in DuPage county, Illinois. 1874 — First - cotton-seed oil mill in Louisiana established at New Orleans. 1874— Mr. H. F. Euren, of Norfolk, established the English Red Polled Herd Book. 1874, July 16th— Three-quarters ot a second were taken off the world's trotting record, which had stood for two years, by Goldsmith's Maid at East Saginaw, Mich. This was in a race. The same year, against time, she further reduced it twice, the first time to 2:15y2 at Buffalo, N. Y., August 7th, and later at Mystic Park, Boston. September 2d, to 2:14. Two full seconds were clipped off during this year, and all by the great daughter of Abdal- lah, 15. 1S74— Colonel Wm. S. King Shorthorns at Dexter Park, Chicago, May 21st. Seventy-nine animals sold for an average of $1,628 per head. 1S74 — Lowest wheat, in October, 81% cents; highest, in April, $1.28. 1874- Herd Book of South Wales cattle issued. The "Castle Martins," or Black Cattle of South Wales. 1874— The Buffalo cattle market re- ceived 504,594 cattle in 1874 and shipped out 468,921 of them. At that time Buffalo was the second largest live stock market, receiving 504,594 cattle, 1,431,800 hogs,^ 783,800 sheep and 21,936 horses. In 1866 Chicago passed Buffalo in cattle and hog receipts but not in sheep and horse re- ceipts until much later. 1374 — First American Galloway Herd Book issued in Canada, bought in 18S3 by American Galloway Breeders' Associa- tion, and brought to United States. 1874— The Cultivator and Country Gbht tleman, issue of October 29th, said: "English papers mention the arrival at Liverpool of 270 head of cattle from America, by steamer, to be disposed of in the Liverpool market. The appearance of the cattle is spoken of as excellent. They weighed 1,800 to 2,000 pounds, and realized from seventeen to twenty-nine pounds in English money. They sold for $82.28 to $140.36 per head in American money." 56 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1874, August 13th— Mambrino Gift be- comes the first 2:20 stallion by trotting the mile in that time at Rochester, N. Y. 1874 — English Christmas beef was men- tioned in English papers of December, 1874, as being the highest in thirty years. The figures mentioned were from 14% to 22% cents per pound. 1874— F. B. Redfleld, of Batavia, N. Y. imported Aberdeen-Angus cattle. WALK OVBB — POLAND-CHINA YEAR- LING BOAR. Champion Indiana State Fair, 19 05. Exhibited by Pumphrey Bros., of Burney, Ind, 1874 — Alex No. 1, a Poland-China boar and one of theearliest high-bred animals of the breed, sold by W. W. Greer, ot Oxford O., to Klever Bros., of Bloom- ing3burg, O. ■ 1875 — The Butman, originated by Mr. Clarendon Butman, ot Maine, was the result of crossing the Hubbard squash Willi a Japanese race. It was the first American squash. 1875-r-Prince Batthyany won the Eng- lish Derby with the horse Galopin, a son of Vedette, the time being 2:48. Clare- mont was second. 1875 — Southern-grown vegetables ap- pearing in Northern ma.rkets began to ha:ve important effect about this time, causing Northern growers to use more torcin_g houses in competition with them. 1875 — First shipment of American fresh beef to England by Timothy C. Eastman, of New York, in October of this year. 1875, February 25th — American Berk- shire Association organized at Springfield'. 111. First organization to systematically record pedigrees of this breed. 1875 — In the Cultivator and Country Gentleman of February, 1875, Hon. George Geddes, writing in regard to the cost of beef, said: "Within a mile of my own house lives a man who kills about fifty beef cattle every week. He buys them in Buffalo and brings them by rail to Syracuse, then drives them to his own farm, there slaughters them and sells their meat in Syracuse. Most of these cattle have long, wide horns and are called Cherokee cattle. They averaged in live weight from 1,000 to 1,100 pounds and kill remarkably well, having lost in their long Journey much of the fluids that helped to make up their weight where they were i-aised." The average cost to the buyer was 4 cents per pound at Buf- falo. He sold the beef at 9 cents per pound, the hide and tallow at current prices. Speaking of the New York farmers Mr. Geddes said: "Our farmers have found that to raise a steer to be three years old and more and sell his meat at 9 or 10 cents per pound is losing money, and they leave the production of beef for our own markets to Texas, the Cherokee Indians, or whoever may like to do that kind of business." 1&75 — Dr. Manley Miles built the first American silo for the storage of green fodder. 1875 — Professor Carle Linde invented the ammonia compression machine, the basis of successful modern refrigeration. 1875 — An era of specialization in flower growing assumed considerable import- ance at this time, 1875— On January 20th of this year, John B. Sherman, Superintendent of the Chicago Union Stock Yards, offered' the use of Dexter Park pavilion, when not otherwise occupied, for the purpose of holding public sales of pure-bred stock. In order to prevent confusion in the matter of dates, such sales were to be under the management of Geo. W. Rust & Co., proprietors of the National Live Stock Journal, which was the leading live stock paper in the United States during that period. 1875— In this year Mr. 'J. Moon, of Pey-.. tonville. Ark., selected seed from a single, plant now called the Moon variety of long-staple upland cottons. 1875 — First American Agricultural Ex- periment Station begun by "Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. 1875 (about) — Preparing ensilage begun in this country, though the Roman writers show that the process is a very old one. 1875— R. W. Wilson, of California, planted fifty acres in beets, onions, let- tuce and carrots for seed purposes. First systematic development of the seed- growing indsutry on the Pacific Coast. 1875, April 14th— Sale of Shorthorns first held at West Liberty, la., by Mr. W. S. Jacobs. Eighty-three cattle averaged $Bi4. 1875, April 27th— J. H. Pickrell sale of Shorthorn cattle. Twenty-three sold at an average of $1,265 per head. 1875, July — The famous Poland-China boar Perfection, 447, bought by Oliver Paddock, of Indiana, from W. C. Hankin- son, of Mjddletown, O. 1876 (about) — Dairy farmers began to skim their milk and sell only the cream to the creameries. CHAMPION HEREFORD COW at the Live Stock Show, Buenos Ayres, South America, 1906. Exhibited by Senor Pa- riera. This picture was obtained by Mr. C. R. Thomas, Secretary of the American Hereford Association, during a visit to Argentine. 1875 — First Important agricultural and live stock show at Palermo, near Buenos Ayres, in South America, given under the auspices of the Rural Society. 1875, August— At New Yo.'k Mills. Al- mou W. Griswold sold thirty-three Short- horns for an average of $1,697 per head. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 57 1S75, August 25th^Two-year-oia Short- horn bull, Duke , of Connaught, sold at Dunmore Scotland, by Earl Dunmore to Lord 4-itzhardinge for $26,904. 1875 — Bailey's Shorthorn Reporter is- sued from ofHce of Mr. Allen, proprietor of the Shorthorn Herd Book. 1875 — Dispersion sale of Shorthorn herd of Wm. Torr, deceased, tenant farmer, of Aylesby, England. Mr. Torr once said: "It takes thirty years to make a herd and bring it to one's notion of perfectfon." His eighty-five animals sold for $243, ■ 144.57, an average of $2,860.52 per head. 1875, August 25th — Earl IDunmore, of Stirling, Scotland, sold thirty-nine head of Shorthorns for $3,829 per head, in- cludihg- a hull, the Duke of Connaught, for $26,904. Highest prices were for cattle descended from American Short- horns. 1S75, October 14th— B. B. Groom & Son. of Winchester. Ky , imported Bates-brcad Shorthorn cattle and held sale of these and others. Seventy-three head aver- aged $1,691 per head. 1875 — First regularly organized experi- ment station in the United States estab- lished by the state of Connecticut. l'(75 — Lowe.=f wheat, 83% cents, in Feb- ruary; highest, in August, $1.30%. 1876— In this year L. B. Harris, of Tom Green county, Texas, drove 75,000 cattle from Texas to Abilene, Kas., said to be the largest number driven by one outfit during the great days of the cattle trail. They were ^riven in different herds c>r bands. 1876 — ^Boone County White Corn, one ol eight recognized varieties, originated with Ja.raes Riley, of Thorntown, Ind. 1876, January 12th — The Philadelphiii Stock Yards Company started in business this date and went out of existence De- cember 31st, 1896. succeeded by the West Philadelphia Stock Yards Company. 1876 — Kisber, a son of Buccaneer, won the English Derby, the principal con- tenijer being the horse Forerunner. Tlio time, 2:44. was fairly fast. Kisber was owned by Mr. A. Baltazzi. 1876, August 26th — Smuggler raduces the world's trotting stallion record for one miie to 2:15% at Hartford, Conn. 1876 — It was about the year 1876 when the cattle raisers obtained the benefits of the beef-canning business. The salt-beef trade had been very unsatisfactory for years. The immense number of inferior to fair grade cattle required some new outlet or would be practically unsalable. In this emergency George Brougham, an Australian, arrived in Chicago, bringing With him a practical knowledge of the beef-canning business, which had not been previously known or followed in Chicago. Mr. A. A. Libby, of the firm of Llbby, McWeil & Libby, employed Brough- am and placed a fine article of canned beef on the market, and by the year 1877 the firm had furnished a market for 100,- 000 cattle a year. The Fairbank Canning Company and Armour & Co. soon became large operators in the canned-beef trade. 1876 — The Agronomic Institute of Paris, the highest institution giving agricultural instruction in France, first opened to students. 187?, August 10th — The eight-year-old Shorthorn bull, 14th Duke of Thorndale, sold at Paris, Ky., by George M. Bedford to Levi GofE. 1876 — Percheron-Norman Stud Book issued, aftervi'ards called the Percheron Stud Book. 1876 — The germ theory of disease set- tled and accepted by veterinarians about this time. 1876— Herd of Shorthorns established at Linwood, Kas., by Colonel W. A. Harris. 1876 — Charles Goodnight and John G. Adair, pioneer cattle raisers in the Texas Panhandle, moved there from Colorado. Mr. Goodnight had previously ranged in Palo Pinto county, Texas. 1876 — National Norman Horse Associa- tion organized. 1876 — In the winter of this year the outfit of Causey rae of 2:42, St. Frusquiil run- ning second. 1896— Lowest wheat, In June, 58% cents; highest, In November, 94% cents. 1897, January 1st— The West Phila- delphia Stock Yard Company succeeded the old Stock Yard Company, which had been in business since 1876. Officers of the new company: Thos. B. Shriver, Pres- ident; and Joseph M. Harlan, Secretary and Treasurer. Board of Directors — Thos. B. Shriver, S. W. AUerton. D. H. Sherman, D. B. Martin, A. M. Fuller, W. M. FuU^ir and Joseph M. Harlan, 1897 — At meeting of Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations a committee was appointed, consisting of Professors Jenkins, Card, Lazenby, McCarthy and Mr. Gilbert H. Hicks, to draw- up rules and regulations for set>d testing. BROWN HAL, 2:121/2— Son of old Tom Hal. Sire of Star Pointer, l:59iy4, and many other great pacers. From photo- graph by Schreiber. BROWN HAL was foaled in 1879 and bred by R. H. Moore, of CuUeoka, Tenn. 1897 — Galtep mare, owned by J. Gub- bins captured the English Derby in 2:44, Velasquez being second. The winner was sired by Kendal, a horse of no great prominence. 1897 — Wm. McKlnley, President of the United States, serving four years and until re-elected, when he died at the hands of the assassin. 1897 — New era in rice culture. "Provi- dence" rice dependent upon rainfall and hand plowing sucbeeded by irrigation and thorough machinery methods. 1897 — James Wilson, of Iowa, Secretary of Agriculture, appointed by President McKinley. 1897 — First commercial seed testing laboratory in the United States estab- lished by Mr. Frank Serapers at Blythe- dale, Md. 1897 — At the American Fat Stock Show the Hereford steer "Jack" was champion; a two-year-old, weighing 1,830 pounds. 1897— Seed and plant introduction first undertaken by the Department of Agri- culture on systemat'c scale. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRlCtrLTuRE. 75 National Farmer #«^ ^and Stock Growcr. »-*-* Published Monthly at ST. LOUIS, MO. •-♦-• THE PRICE OF THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER WITHOUT PREMIUMS IS FIFTY CENTS A YEAR, OR ONE DOLLAR FOR THREE YEARS. During the year 1907, to anyone who will send us fifty cents for one single year's subscription to THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER we will also send as a free supplement one copy of THE DATE BOOK HISTORY OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. It will be necessary to claim The Date Book when sending in the subscription; otherwise it may be overlooked. The NATIONAL PARMER and STOCK GROWER is a practical publication and is devoted to: AGRICULTURE In general; LIVE STOCK RAISING In all classes and features; FRUIT GROWING: VEGETABLE GARDENING; HOME STUDIES; and GOOD LITERATURE. There are many good monthly farm papers published in this country, but The National Farmer ^ ^ and Stock Growor Is the Neatest, Most Instructive, Most Comprehensive, Most Readable, Most Entertaining, ' Most Popular of All . MR. PHILIP H. HAXB, Editor National Farmer and Stock Grower. ■ ♦ » The. NATIONAL FARMER and STOCK GROWER also has Clubbing Arrangements and Premiums to offer, which. will be found mentioned in the other pages of this edition., Address, THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, ST. LOUIS, MO. 76 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURS. 1897, May 26th— Handpress, the re- markable son of Hanover, in his two- year-old form, with 100 pounds up, set the tour-and-one-half furlong record at 0:52 at the New York Jockey CIuIj meeting. A pair of Texas Angoras. 1897 — Rex N. Blaxland imported pure- bred Angora goats into New South "Wales, Australia, from the island of Tas- mania — the pioneer flock of the modern Angora industry in New South Wales. 1897, June — Experiments in pasteuriza- tion of cream for the purpose of improv- ing the keeping qualities of butter were conducted at Hesston Creamery, Newton, Kansas, by J. H. Monrad, Special Agent Dairy Division ' United States Bureau of Animal Industry. Results favorable to pasteurization, but not clearly and dis- tinctly so. 1897, July— At this time the United States Department of Agriculture first began to distribute vaccine virus for the prevention of blackleg in cattle. . Age for inoculation, six to twenty-four months. . STAR POINTER, 1:59^. 1897 — Star Pointer, bay horse, by Brown Hal, dam Sweepstakes, by Snow Heels, reduced the pacing mark to 1:59%- This at Readville, Mass., August 28th. 1897 — Lowest wheat, in April, 64 H cents; highest of the year, in December, $1.09. 1897, October 8th— At Glen Falls, N. T., John R. Gentry and Robert J., pacing as a team, against time, set the mark at 2:03. 1897, December 1st — First auction sale of pure-bred hogs (Berkshires) at St. Louis National Stock Yards. 1897, December 27th — First meeting of American Tamworth Swine Record Asso- (nation. President, E. F. Miller, of Flint. Mich.; Secretary and Treasurer, E. O. Wood, also of Flint, Mich.; Directors, F. P. Smith, F. H. Rankin and J. J. Carton. 1898, January 26th— The National Live Stock Association organized In Denver, Colo. Officers: John W. Springer, of Denver, Colo., President; Hon. John M. Holt, of Milts City, Mont., Vice-Presi- dent; George L. Goulding, of Denver. Colo., Treasurer; and C; F, Martin, of Denver, Colo., Secretary. 1898, February 12th— Judge Denny, the five-year-old son of Fonso,' placed the lurf record for two miles, running, at 1:26%. This was done at Oakland, Cal.. Ihe horse having 105 pounds up. 1898, March — Organization of Conti- nental Dorset Club with J. Fremont Hickman, President; Joseph E. Wing, Secretary. Purpose, registration and ad- vancement of Dorset sheep. 1898, April 1st — Opening of the modem and enlarged market for live stock at St. Joseph, Mo. President, G. P. Swift; Vice-President and General Manager, J. T. Donovan. Other Directors: Ernest Lindsey, O. M. Spencer, A. H. Veeder. Edward Morris and B. G. Vaugh. 1898, April 30th — The steamship Waes- land, of the International Navigation Company, left Philadelphia, carrying With other freights an experimental shipment of American eggs for sale In England. The eggs were sold in Manchester. The average price was 15 cents per dozen. Although the market was low at this time and the shipment was a financial failure. it was a pioneer movement, which led to good results. The shipment was made under the direction of the Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 1898, July 2d — Macy, the popular son of Hindoo, equaled the mark of 1:40 for a mile and twenty yards made five year.^ before by Maid Marian. Both were made at Washington Park, Chicago. 1898, July 6th — Floronzo, by Fonzo. stepped a mile and fifty yards at Wash- ington Park, Chicago, in 1:42%, breaking all records for that distance. 1898, July 16th — The running record for a mile and a half was made by Goodrich, a son of Patron, at Washington Park, Chicago, the time being 2:30%. Ii98, August 30th— The fastest authen- tic record made in the sale of range horses was establ'shed at the St. Louis National Stock Yards, where W. F. Calli- cott sold 1,200 head in 91 minutes. They were told in car-load lots; but even so the performance was phenomenal. The horses sold belonged to the Crow Indian Agency. Montana. 1S98, August 31st — The two-mile record for a horse race over hurdles was taken by Forget, the then excellent daughter of Exile at Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., the- time being 3:45 2-r>. The race was run with 158 pounds up. 189?— Lowest wheat. In October, 62 cents; highest of the year, $1.85, caused by the Leiter Corner, in May. 1S98, December — ^Enumeration of cold .storage of apples at this time indicated 800 barrels in commercial warehouses. In- creasing by the year 1902 to 2,978,050 barrels held in winter storage. 1898— J. W. Larnack's horse Jeddah proved the winner of the English Derby in the slow time of 2:47. A horse named Batt was second. 1S9S— Cotton crop of season 1898-9 largest up to this time, being 11,275,000 commercial bales. 1898— Public attention was first called to the utility of crude petroleum oil in road betterment through experiments made by the county of Los Angeles, in California, where six miles were oiled In that year under the direction of the Supervisors. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 77 1898 — This was the biggest year in hog receipts at any market, Chicago receiving 8,817.114 head. 1899, May 2i>th— In a trial against time at Oakland, Cal., the mare Luoretia Bor- gia, by Imported Brutus, galloped four miles in 7:11. The next best time for tlie distance Is l-.lBVi, made by The Bachelor, at Oaklanfl. 1899 — Flying Fox, the great son of Orme, owned by the Duke of Westmin- ster, captured the English Derby, making the distance in 2:42 4-5. Damocles ran second. 1899— Mr. C. P. Bailey, of California, imported one Angora ram from Cape Town. 1899, October Sd — The three-fourths of y mile running record was broken by Firearm, a son of Raymond d'Or, over the straight course at Morris Park, the time being set at 1:08%. 1899, November 18th— Kyrat, a three- year-old. by Teuton, ran two and one- half miles at Newport, Ky., In 4:24V4- .jfi^a^aq TheNATIONAL FARMER ua«i STOCK6ROWER. for*^f^U 1899 — The National Farmer and Stock Grower, a monthly farm paper, estab- lished at the St. Louis National Stock Yards by Philip H. Hale. The paper is published in connection with this book. Anyone who will send in 50 cents for one-year's subscription to The National Farmer and Stock Grower can call for a copy of The Date Book History of Live Stock and Agriculture as a free premium, and it will be sent promptly, providing this advertisement is mentioned. This offer is limited to the year 1907. l'!99, December — ^Home butter-fat tests of Guernsey cows: First prize, Lily Ella, 7,240, 912.5 pounds butter; second priz'i, Lilyita. 7,241. 828.95 pounds butter- third prize. Countess Bishop, 7,869, 521.71 pounds batter in one year. '1.899 — Dunois, the five-year-old son of Florist ran his record-breaking seven and one-half furlongs at Oakland, Cal., in 1:32%. 18')9 — Lowest wheat, in December. 64 cents; highest of the year, in May, 79% cents. ■ 1900 — A valuable variety of long-staple upland cotton called Sunflower is the off- spring of seeds shipped to an oil mill at Yazoo City, Miss., in this year and pur- chased for planting by Marx Schaefer. 1900 — A bi-centenary exhibition of sweet peas held in London in July. 1900 — The Prince of Wales again won the English Derby, this time with Dia- mond Jubilee', a son of St. Simon. Tho time was 2:42, and Simon Dale . was sgeond. 1900 — ^Fourteen incubator patents grant- ed In this year. 1900 — Split-wing distributing shaft Im- provement in gear of cream separators, mvented b.v John Joseph Berigan, of Orange, N. J. 1900 — The United States" Census re- ported 6,739,657 farms in the United States, an Increase of 1,175,016 in ten years. 1900— Center of United States popula- tion, 20 miles east of Columbus, Ind. 1900 — Coney, black gelding, by McKin- ney, dam Grace Kaiser, by Kaiser, paced a mile to wagon In a race in 2:05%, re- ducing the mark of 2:10% made in 1890 by Arlington. 1900— Pride of the North, a standard variety of corn, originated about this time by F. A. Warner, of Sibley, Til. .,.18??— Center of the number of farms in ^'JI.P'V^®'^. states, 110 miles eaSt by south or bt. Louis, in Wayne county, Illinois. 19O0— The fastest mile trotting record A°i ^"i^"^!^ against time was made by The Abbot, by Chimes, dam Nettie King, bv Marabrino King. It was 2:05%, and re- duced the record of 2:07 formerly held by Lucille. 1500— In a pacing race for team.s, Charley B. and Bobby Hal broke all former records by going a mile In 2:13. foot ^^^^ previous record was made in 1892 by Belle Button and Thomas Ryder. Charley B. was by Octoroon, dam un- traced, and Bobby Hal by the same sire, dam by Royal George, Jr. 1900, February 27th— At New Orleans. La, Juhus Caesar, a five-year-old, ran a mile and seven-eighths in 3:19, the great- est record for the distance. 1900, June— Organization of tho Illinois Seed Corn Breeders' Association. 1900, July 21st— Ovimar, a six-year-old carrying 109 pounds, covered the mile track at Washington Park, Chicago, In 1300- First American Royal Show at Kansas City. Grand sweepstakes steer. Old Times, 94,034, pure-bred Hereford, exhibited by T. F. B. Sotham. of Chilli - cothe. Mo. 1900, August— W. D. Flatt, Canadian breeder of Shorthorns.sold fifty-nine head at Chicago, 111., for an average of J793.40, the top price being $2,600. • 1900, August 4th— At Brighton Beach. N. Y., Ethelbert established a record of 3:49 for two miles and a quarter. She carried 124 pounds. 1900 — After six years of uninterrupted supremacy for Allx, The Abbot broke the trotting record, establishing a mark of 2:03y4 at Terre Haute, Ind., September 25th. He was sired by Chimes, and his dam was Nettie King,by Mambrlno King. 1900— Paris Horse Exposition, Septem- ber 1st to 10th. Grand champion carriage horse Sir Walter Gilbey's Hackney stal- lion Hedon Squire. Champion Percheron stallion, Dunham, Fletcher & Coleman's Castelar, bred by M. Edward Perriott. 1900, October 13th— The famous mare Ethelbert negotiated a mile and three- quarters at Morris Park, N. Y., In 2:58%. This record Is held jointly with Latson, who established the same time a year later; but the performance of Ethelbert is the more meritorious In that she carried 126 pounds against Latson's 95 pounds. 1900 — At the Paris Universal Exposi- tion, Samuel Haugdahl, of New Sweden, Minn., U. S. A., won the grand prix d'honneur for a tub of butter exhibited at the Special Show held in May. This was the only instance during the entire Expo- sition in which the highest honor was awarded to an individual exhibitor for a dairy product. 1900, November— The Hapgood Plow Company, of Alton, 111., commenced the manufacture of the (M. T.) Hancock Adjustable Revolving Disc Plow. 1900, December 1st — Permanent Inter- collegiate Live Stock Judging Contest in- stituted, the reward being a memorial called The Spoor Trophy, to be kept by winning teams from year to year, but not to become property of any college. The trophy was offered by Mr. J. A. Spoor, President of the Chicago Union Stock Yards, and is a great Incentive to students In studies of stock judging. 1900 — Lowest wheat, in January, 61% cents; highest, in June, 87% cents. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. ADVANCE — Grand champion steer. 1900, December — Aberdeen-Angus steer Advance, champion of International Ex- position, sold at $1.50 per pound on foot. 1900, December — Champion load of cattle at Chicago International Exposi- tion sold at $15.50 per 100 pounds, the highest car-load price on record. 1900, December 1st to 8th— First Clii- cago International Live Stock Exhibition. W. E. Skinner, General Manager. 1900, December 4th — At Chicago, the famous Hereford bull March On, 13th. sold at auction by Van Natta & Son, of Fowler, III., bought by Moffat Bros, at $3,500. 1900 — The heaviest total of horses and mules ever attracted to any one point un to this time were marketed at St. Louis the total for the year being 1-.,921 head. DOLLY, Eth — Famous Hereford covf. 1900. December 5th — At Chicago, the Hereford cow, Dolly, 5th, 71,988, and calf, bred by John Hooker, of New London. O., and owned by Clem Graves, of Banker Hill, Ind., sold to C. A. Jamison, of Peoria, 111., at auction, for $3,150, being the lecord price for any Hereford cow to that date. 1900, December 11th and 12th— K. B. Armour and James A. Funkhouser sold lOB Herefords at auction at Kansas City for an average of $351.60. 1900 — Sir John Bennett Lawes, great agricultural experimenter, died at Roth- aiTiSted, England, at the age of 86 years. 1901, January 25th — At Kansas City, Clem Graves, of Bunker Hill., Ind., sold the three-year-old Hereford heifer Carna- tion, 77,704, sire Acrobat, for $3,700, to J. C. Adams, of Moweaqua, 111. Average of aOO Herefords at this sale nearly $380 per head. 1901, January — ^In an official test the Holstein-Friesian cow Lilith Pauline Da Kol. 43,434, owned by H. D. Roe, of Au- gusta, N. J., made 28.236 pounds of butter, 80 per cent, fat, in seven days. She gave in this time, 653.4 pounds of milk which averaged 3.48 per cent. fat. This cow made the largest official' record of any Holstein-Friesian <:ow tested to date. 1901, February 12th — Sale of Berkshire swine at Biltmore, N. C. Fifty-one head averaged $102, the top price being $250. 1901, March — William Harris, of West Smithfield, Essex, England, killed a two- and-one-half-year-old Jersey red boar. Live weight, 1,§10 pounds; dressing 1,337 pounds; 2^ feet across loin; 2% feet across, hams; 9 feet in girth; 9 feet tip of nose to end of tail. 1901, March 6th to 8th — Dispersion sale of Aberdeen-Angus cattle,herd of Charles Escher & Son, of Botna, la., at Chicago. 117 COWS- averaged $483.05; twenty-six hulls averaged $465.95; and 143 head aver- aged $479.95. Top sales: Female, Imp. Krivina., 23,475, $1,700; bull, Orin of Long Branch, $1,300. 1901, March 12th and 13th— At South Omaha, Ngb., T. R. Westrope & Son sold eighty-one Shorthorns for an average of $454.85 per head. The sale Included Sweet Violet, 2d, by Lavender King, and female calf, sold to G. M. Casey, of Clinton, Mo., for $3,705, the record price for a Scotch ; Shorthorn female. -1901, April 5th — Combination sale of Shorthorns at Chicago, 111. Forty-six head averaged $719.13. Victoria of Hill Farm, 6th, and female calf, consigned by C. B. Dustin & Son, of Summer Hill, 111., sold to Frank Bellows, of Maryville, Mo., for $2,100. 1901, April 12th — Jepsey cow. Miss Thankful, 2d, 131,969; test seven days, April 6th to 12th, 24 pounds 4% ounces butter; milk, 276 pounds. Owned by John A. Skannal, of Sligo, Da. 1901, April 18th and 19th— Sale of Hol- stein cattle at Syracuse, N. T., by Clar ence F. & W'lU C. Hunt. Average of 128 cattle, big, little, old and young, $101.60. The twenty-three official record cows averaged $179. 1901, May — Imp. Missie, 165, Shorthorn heifer, sold at $2,200 at the auction of C. L. Gerlaugh, of Osborn, O. 1901, May 15th— At Greenville, O., Polled Durham sale of Stewart & Martz in- cluded the bull Cambridge Lad, sold at $1,000, and the cow. Bracelet of Still- water, sold at $1,005, both to F. Hines, of Indianapolis, Ind. 1901, May 22d— At Chicago, the Here- ford cow Dolly, 2d, 61,799, John Hooker, breeder and owner, sold at auction with heifer calf, for $5,000 to N. T. Bowen, of Delphi, Ind. 1901, May 23d— Blue Girl, as a two- year-old, took the record for a mile and a sixteenth in 1:44% at Morris Park, N.T. 1901, May 30th — At Coopersburg, Pa., T. S. Cooper sold 108 head Jersey cattle at an average of $451.75. The bull Golden Mon Plasir, 59,936, son of Golden Lad, sold to H. N. Higginbotham at $3,500. The cow. Golden Rosebay, 157,333, sold to Biltmore Farms for $2,775. 1901, June 4th— At the combination sale George E. Ward, of Hawarden, , la., sold the Shorthorn Duchess of Gloucester.with bull calf at side, for $2,500 to Brown & Randolph, of Indianola, la. Average of sixty Shorthorns at this sale, $748.33. 1901, June 18th— Sale of Red Polled cattle at Fairfield, Neb., by S. McKelvie & Sons. The t;ow, Prairie Blossom, 12,803, sold to Gi W. Coleman, of Webster City, la., for $1,005. Average for thirty- seven head, $257.03. ' THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 79 Farmers' Cyclopedia of Agriculture. Would you pay $3.50 for a farm book handsomely bound in cloth, or $4.50 for one bound In half Morocco in a very sumptuous binding? We have sold many agricultural books in our day, but we are not at all certain that many farmers will pay the prices we have mentioned in' order to buy one book, notwithstanding it is worth consider- ably more money. The book we refer to i's a compendium of science and practice on farm, orchard and garden crops, feed and diseases of farm ani- mals, dairy farming and poultry in -the United States and Canada. The advantage of what is called a cyclopedia Is, that the arrangement is in alphabetical order; in other words, the book is an index of itself. If you want to look up articles on the subject of potatoes, you look under the proper letter to find it; and if you wish to see the -articles on the subject of cabbage, you look- under the letter C in order to find it. The great difficulty with books as a rule is, that so much time is occupied in order to find what you want, and a cyclopedia overcomes all that. . The National Farmer and Stock Grower has just paid $7.50 per volume for a new encyclopedia on general subjects which are very good and useful, though if we wish to have an encyclopedia on the subject of agri- culture, we must have the book spe- ■ cially written for the purpose. The book we refer to has only been issued lately, and it is undoubtedly a great work and very valuable. Over 6,000 topics are indexed; that is to say, are alphabetically arranged in the Volume. There are 700 royal octavo pages, the size being 9% by 7 inches, and there are 500 superb half-tone and other original illustrations. Many times in the past we have almost come to the conclusion that if a farmer has papers on agricultural subjects he has no need of books; but recently we have changed our view on that subject and begin to believe that the more papers the farmer reads the better will he appreciate the same matter bound in book form. We could say a good deal more about this Farmers' Cyclopedia of Agriculture, but have not the space to devote to it. Anyone desiring to obtain a copy can address this office and remit the amount, either $3.50 or $4.50, accord- ing to the binding which may be desired. The editor of The National Farmer and Stock Grower will cheer- fully refund the money to any of our friends and patrons who may receive this book and not be satisfied to keep it at the price. Address and make money orders payable to The Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista avenue, St. Louis, Mo. A TURNIP PREMIUM. In an experimental contest the Cow Horn turnip made 1,333 bushels per acre and beat the next largest by 480 bushels to the acre. In the country where they know all about turnips • they consider turnips the first crop and the best crop, and if they were allowed to raise but one field crop, that would be the only crop. We are anxious to see our friends and patrons start in the profitable business of raising turnips "Nearly an acre of ground can be sown with a pound of seed, and we are willing to furnish the pound of seed and pay the postage on It out of our sub- scription money. The National Farmer and Stock Grower costs 50 cents per year; therefore, one dollar will pay one subscription for two years, or one dollar will pay two subscriptions for one year. Whosoever will send us one dollar on subscription account can select and receive a pound of Cow Horn turnip seed as a free premium. We will pay the postage on the seed. The Cow Horn turnip can be sown in August and September. It can also be "sown in spring. Last year when this offer was made some of our friends and patrons asked for seed of a round turnip. We there- fore offer the large Red Top White Globe as the other variety. This is a variety of decided merit. It is of globular shape, very handsome, of superior quality either for table or stock. It is a heavy producer, early, of rapid growth and an excellent keeper. We will send a pound of whichever seed 'is asked for. This offer ought to be jumped at by every young man on the farm. Address, without delay. The Hale' Publishing Co., 3550 Vista avenue, St. Louis, Mo. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1901 — The English Derby was won by an American, Wra. C. Whitney, with the sensational horse, Volodyovski, a son of Florizel 11. All records for time were broken, the distance being covered in 2:40 4-5. IDOl, June 22d— The mile running record over a circular track was broken by Brigadier -at Sheepshead Bay, N. T., the distance being negotiated in 1:37 4-5. it PH m '^'*V" „ " H ^^ IL - ^S A CHESCEUS, 2:02%. 1901 — On July 26th. Cresceus took the trotting record of 2:02% at Cleveland, O., and on August 22d further reduced this mark to 2:02^. This was at Columbus, O. The first quarter was in 29%, the half 59%, three-quarters in 1:30%. This was at the time the world's trotting record; at this time — in 1906 — It is the stallion record. Cresceus Is a chestnut horse by the great Robert McGregor, dam by Mam- brino Howard, and In all his record- breaking performances was driven by his owner, Geo. H. Ketcham. 1901, August 7th — At Chicago, Geo. Harding & Sons, of Waukesha, Wis., sold forty-three Shorthorns at an average of $65U.S5. 1901, August 15th — Cresceus defeats The Abbot in a famous trotting contest at Brighton Beach. The time was 2:03%, making world's mile trotting record in a race. 1901, August 22d— At Columbus, Ohio, Cresceus lowered the trotting record to 2:02%. 1901, September 5 — The best record ever made for a mile and seventy yards was established by Jiminez, a three-year-oid, carrying 101 pounds. It was 1:42%, ani was made at the Harlem track, Chicago. 1901, October 2d — ^McChesney, in his two-year-old form, established the six and one-half furlong running record of 1:18 4-5 at Harlem Park, Chicago. 1901, October 3d— At Newton, la., B. S. Donahey sold fifty-four Shorthorn cattle for an average of $646.35, including the cow. Early Bud, 3d, at $1,560, and nine other females upward of $1,000. 1901, October 25th— At Memphis, Tenn., Little Boy, by Kenton, dam Jenny, by Longfellow, broke the mile pacing record to wagon, against time, putting the mark at 2:01%. The former record, 2:03%, was made by Bumps in 1889. 1901 — ^In this year Hon. F. D. Coburn, Secretary of the State Board of Agri- culture of Kansas, Issued a book entitled "Alfalfa," containing directions for plant- ing, growing and harvesting this excellent forage crop, resulting In immense Increase in alfalfa acreage in the United States. 1901, November 3d — ^Mary Marshall. 5.604. winning cow in butter production in Fan-American model dairy herd. Record for six months, 6,611.0 pounds milk, 5.36 per cent, butter-fat, 303.13 pounds butter-fat, equal to 354.26 pounds churned butten Profit in production of butter-fat, $59.43 In six months. 1901. November 3d — ^Awards In tha Breed Test in Pan-American model dairy. Prize for net profit in butter-fat won by Guernseys by a net profit of $4.66, The prize for net profit in churned butter won by Guernseys by net profit of $5.86. The prize for net profit in total solids won by Holsteins by a net profit of $26.44. The profit in total solids and gain in live weight won bj? Holsteins by net profit of 531.63. 1901, November 7th — ^At Chicago, III., W. D. Flatt, of Hamilton, Canada, sold forty-five Shorthorn cattle for an average of $1,123.22. Imported Cicely, the Queen of England heifer, sold to J. G. Robblns & Son, of Horace, Ind., for $5,000. The bull. Lord Banff, sold to Geo. B. Ward, of Hawarden, la., for $5,100. 1901. November 14th and 15th— Breed- ers' sale of Holsteln cattle at Syracuse, N. T. Average for the eighty-five head, $121.35. W. C. Hunt, of Liverpool, N. T.. manager. 1901, November 20th and 21st — ^First Hereford cattle sale at Bast St. Louis by T. F. B. Sotham, of Chillicothe, Mo. 1901, December 2d — The Holsteln cow. Mercedes Jullps Pietertje, completes seven-day record of 29 pounds 5.7 ounces of butter at South Side Farm, White Bear Lake, Minn. 1901, December — Home butter-fat tests of Guernsey cows: First prize, Glenwood Girl, 6th. 9,113, 667.5 pounds butter; second prize. Primrose Tricksey, 7,236, 592.6 pounds butter; third prize, Gipsy of Racine, 9,639, 504.9 pounds butter in one year. 1901, December 6th — Galloway cattle sold at Chicago, 111., thirty-three head, average $285. Sale included Imp. Mc- Dougall, 4th, of Tarbreoch, champion Scottish bull, sold to O. N. Moody, of Atlanta, Mo., for $2,000. 1901, December 9th — ^Grand champion at International Live Stock Show, The Woods Principal, Hereford steer, 1,645 pounds at twenty-five months. Fed by John Letham for Geo. P. Henry, of Good- enow, 111. 1901 — Great wheat crop in the United States, 748,460,000 bushels; harvested while the corn crop was drying up. BLAISDON PLUTO— Shire stallion. Owned and exhibited by Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm, Bushnell, 111. Cham- pion Shire stallion, any age, at the Chicago International Exposition, 1901. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND 'agRICULTURE. 81 1901— Short corn crop in the United States; yield, 16.7 bushels per acre Total, l,6a2,520,000 bushels; smallest crop since 1894. 1901— Lowest whciat, in July, 63% cents; highest of the year, in December, 79% cents. Rhode Island homp of Bishop Berkeley, who died in 1753, the apple trees of his day are yet standing. 1902 — Ard. Patrick, a son of St. Plor- lan, owned by John Gubbins, won the EnglL-gh Derby, Rising Glass being second. The time was 2:42%. 1902, January 7th — Record price foi Hereford bulls broken by sale of bull "Perfection" for $9,000 by Thomas Clark, of Beecher, 111., to G. H. Hoxle, of Thorn- ton. HI. 1902, January 9th— A. P. Nave, of Attica, Ind., sold Pereherons at auction. The top price was $1,630. paid by A. B. Puterbaugh, of Milledgeville, 111., for the stallion Abo, 22,686. The average wax $469.25 for forty-one head. 1902, January 28th to 30th— A sale of Herefords under management of T. F. B. Sotham, held at Kansas City, resulted in an average of $373 for 113 females and $29:^ for 71 bulls. The top price, $3,995, was paid by the Wabash Stock Farm Company for the Improver bull Good Cross, 120,180. The average of 184 head was $341.70. 1902, January 30th and 31st — Sale of Poland-China swine by Winn & Mastin. of Iilastin, Kas. 105 head sold for an average of $124.27. 1902, February 4th and 5th — During Aberdeen-Angus cattle sale at Chicago, m., the average for twenty years was broken, eightv-two head selling for an .average of $674.45. This included bulls and females. 1902, February 5th — "Blackcap Judy." the famous Aberdeen-Angus yearling heifer, was sold for the record price of $6,500. C. H. Gardner, of Blandinsville, 111., was her owner, and M. A. Judy & Son, of Williamsport, Ind., her purchasers. 1902. February 5th — ^New high mark in prices of Aberdeen -Angus bulls estab- lished. "Prince Ito," sold by M. A. Judy & Son, of Williamsport, Ind.. to B. R Pierce, of Creston, 111., for $9,100. 1902— February 15th— Sale of Percheron horses by J. W. & J. C. Robinson, of Wichita, Kas. Twenty-three head made an average of $468.70. 1902, February 25th to 27th — Combina- tion sale of Hereford cattle at Kansas City. Top price of sale, Mrs. Cross' bull. Royalty's Java, sold for $650. The bull average, thirty-nine head, was $208.45. The female average was $318.15 for ninety -six head. Average for 135 head, $286.45. 1902 — ^In Mrs. Alice Morse Earle's vol- ume on Colonial Gardens, published this .vear, she says that the largest apple tree in New England is at Cheshire, Conn., its trunk measuring, one foot above all root enlargements, thirteen feet eight inches in circiimference. Its age is traced back 150 years. She also says that at the old I PAT RYAN OF RED CLOUD— Cham- pion Galloway bull at the Chicago Inter- national Show, 1906. 1902, February 28th and March 1st— Dispersion sale of Hugh Paul Galloway cattle at South Omaha. The twenty-four bulls averaged $208.10, and eighty-nine females $178.60. The 113 head made a general average of $184.85. 1902, March 6th and 7th— Imp. Spicy Clara, Shorthorn yearling heifer. Inter- national prize winner, sold to Geo. Har- ding & Son, of Waukesha, Wis., for $1,500. At a Chicago sale of Shorthorns the general average was $499.80 for eighty-nine head. 1902, March 8th— At Chicago, Red Polled cattle sale by A. F. & J. F. Dobler of Girard. Pa. Top price, $600, for the cow Mayflower, 2d. Average for fifty- seven head, $189.20. 1902, March 18th— Dispersion sale of Shorthorn cattle at Kansas City by Col. W. R. Nelson— flfty-six head— average $340.35 Top price for Imp. Lavender Lilly, sold to D. R. Hanna for $1,600, next price being $1,500 for Imp. Miranda and cow calf by same buyer. 1902, March 18th and 19th— Combination Aberdeen-Angus cattle sale at Omaha by Chas Bscher, Jr, Average for 111 head $213. Top price, $1,110 for Isabella, 4th. of Millsland, 21,891, and female calf, paid by E. Reynolds & Son, of Prophetstown 111., to E. T. Davis, of Iowa City, la. 1902, March 25th— Shorthorn cattle sale by H. F. Brown, of Minneapolis, Minn. Average of thirty-five head, $750. Top sales: Imp. Juno and bull calf, $1,550, paid by W. H. Dunwoody, of Minneapolis, Minn.; bull Royal Banner, 150,993, bought by W. O. Carpenter, of Pukwana, S. D.. at $1,505. 1902, March 25th and 26th— Hereford cattle sold by T. F. B. Sotham and others. Average for 148 head, $323.25. Top price, $1,650, for Corrector cow Galatea, 107,723, bought by G. B. Rlcker, of Ashland. Neb. 1902, March 26th— Sale of forty-one Shorthorns by E. R. Stangland, of Mara- thon, la. Average, $485 per head. Top price, $1,775. for 20th Linwood Victoria and cow calf, paid by C. C. Bigler & Son, of Hartwick, la. 1902, March 27th— Hector Cowan. Jr., of PauUiana, la., sold forty-nine Short- horns, averaging $512.05. Top price paid by John Rasmus, of Lake City, la., for the cow Dalmeny Princess, 9th. S2 THE DATE GOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1902— Cattle in Ireland, 4,782,221 head, the largest number known in that country. 1902, April 1st — Farmers' and Stock- men's Business Directory issued by Philip H. Hale, St. Louis, Mo. 1902, April 3d— Geo. M. "Woody sold fifty-four Shorthorn cattle for an average of $399 10. Top price, $1,750, paid by F.A. SchafEer & West Bros., of Estherville, la., for Imp. Lily of the Valley, 17th. 1902, AprQ 14th — Shorthorn sale at Chicago bv George Bothwell, of Nettleton, Mo., and fifty-four head averaged $479.50. Notable sales included the bull Nonpareil of Clover Blossom, 153,672, at $1,710, paid by Geo. Harding & Son, and bull Nonpa- reil Hero, 170,793, at $1,610, bought by H. Hagenfeldt, of Storm Lake, la. 1902, April 17th— Sale of Shorthorns bv G. W. Brown & Randolph Bros., of Indi- anola, la. The average for forty-nine head was $584.30. Notable sales included Victoria of Village Park, 3d, and bull calf. bought by N. A. Lind, of Rolfe, la., for $S.b00, and Imp. Gazelle, sired by Royal Star, for $2,105, paid by Bigler & Son, of Hartwick, la. 1902, April 29th and 30th— At Syracuse, N. T., W. C. Hunt's second semi-annual sale of Holstein cattle. Average of ninety-nine head, $103. 1902, May 1st and 2d— At Sioux City, la.. Initial combination sale of Herefords. The 113 head averaged $229.40. 1902, May 3d— At Sioux City, la., com- bination sale of Shorthorns. Average. $366.80 per head. Notable sales included Imp. Dalmeny Regina, 5th, sold by C. C. Bigler & Son to Henry Weiss, of West- phalia, Kas., for $1,375, and May Queen, with cow calf, bought by John Rasmus, of Lake City, la., for $1,825. fe. • ' •■ • te,- # ^fe^, ~>- w^ ^^^ i^'- ,'' ^2 w^ ^^ i GENTRY LARS — A famous Hereford bull. Prize winner at many shows. Stock bull at Grandview Herefords. Owned by C. G. Comstock & Son, Albany, Mo. 1902. May 13th and 14th— Combination sale at Indianapolis, Ind. Herefords, sixty-two head, sold for an average of $392.35. including Miss Java, 2d, 94,200, and cow calf, consigned by Mr. Daugh- erty, of Wabash,' Ind., and sold to Ed. Hawkins, of Earl Park, for $3,500. Short- horns, sixty-four head, averaged $422, in • eluding 55th Duchess of Gloster.consigned by E. E. Souers, of Waren, Ind., and bought by Geo. Harding & Son, of Wau- kesha, Wis., for $2,105. 1902, May 17th to 21st— Ohio Shorthorn sales: H. G. Walker, of New Madison, thirty head; average, $107.70; E. S. Kelly, of Yellow Springs, thirty-six head; aver- age. $590.40; top price, $1,625, paid by W. I. Wood, of Willlamsport, O., for Imp. Missie, 158th; C. L. Gerlaugh, of Osborn. thirty-three head; average, $610; top price, the bull Master of the Ring, 171,- pric 3?6, 376, sold to J. T. Ryan & Son, of Irwin, la., for $1,705; W. 1. Wood, of Williams- port, O., forty- tour head; average, $353 lop price, female Imp. Proud Fancy, sold at $2,0r,0 to W. T. Miller & Sons, of Win- chester, Ind.: top-prjced bult Choice of the Ring sold to Brown & Randolph Bros., of Indianola, la., for $1,550. 1902, May 22d and 23d— Combination sale of Herefords by C. A. Jamison, of Quiney. 111., and others at Chicago. Eighty-three head averaged $323. Top price was $2,100, bid for Lady Wiltona, a daughter of Dale by Ed. Hawkins, of Earl Park, Ind. 1^02, May 28th— Shorthorn cattle sale at Morning Svin, la. ^R G. Robb & Son's average $38'>.40 for twenty-eight head; A. Alexander's average for twenty-five head $52C. including the cow Mary of Bluff View, sold to Korns & Lee, of Hart- wick, la., for $1,230. 1902. May 30th and 31st — Linden, Grove sale of imported Jerseys by-T. S. Cooper, of Coopersburg, Pa. The 168 head aver- aged $340.60. The sale included the c'nampion bull Flying Fox, sold to T. W. ' Lawson, of Boston, Mass., for $7,500. The highest price for a female was $3,100, for the cow Lady Fontaine's Rosette, 162,120. for $3,100. 1902. June — Straight Texas steers sold en the Chicago market at $7.65 per 100 pounds, record price. Shipped ■ by Ed. Farmer, of Fort Worth, Tex. 1902, June 3d — N. A. Lind, of Rolfe, In., sold fifty-five Shorthorns for an average of $766.30. Top price, $3,800, paid by tfte cow Red Crest, sire Imp. Scottish Chief, sold to C.C.Bigler & Son, of Hartwlck.la. 1902, June 5th and 6th — Shorthorn cattle sale by C. C. Bigler & Son, of Hartwick, la. The 115 head sold for $94,715, an average of $823.60 per head. Sale included thirty-one head at $1,000 to $2,500, not including the cow Wild Eyes, 61st, sired by Aiidrie Duke of Hazelhurst, bought- for $3,040 by G. W. Brown & -Randolph Bros., of Ind'anola, la., for $3,040. " _ 1902, June 10th and 11th— At Chicago, combination Angus cattle sale. 101 head averaged $312.10. Top prices: $2,000 paid- by Silas Igo, of Palmyra. la., for the cow Belle Bloomer, 2d, 23,218, and Edgewood Belle, 32,260, both consigned by Cantine Bros. & Stevenson, of Holstein, la. 1002, June 18th — Indianapolis combina- tion sale of Polled Durham cattle. Aver- age of flfty-two head, $424.70. Top price, cow Golden Heather, sold to J. F. Jen- nings, of Streator, 111., for $2,525. 1902.Jul.v 4th — Major Daingerfleld broke the record for a mile and five-eighths over the track at Sheepshead Bay, N. 1., in 2:47 3-5. He had 123 pounds up. 1902, July 5th— At Brighton Beach, 'N, Y., Gold Heels established a new Derby record of- 2:03 4-5, the fastest over a cir- cular track. 1902, July 30th— Bonnibert captured th«j mile and one-eighth running record by going the distance in 1:51 at Brighton Beach, N Y. The record of 1:51 1-5 was formerly held by Watercure. 1902, July 30th— Sale of Shorthorns by A. Chrystal at Marshall, Mich. Top price. .$1,500, for Imp. Lady Bell, 3d, and female calf, bought by E. G. Stevenson, of De- troit, Mich. Average for sixty-seven head, $266.95. 1902, August— Native beef cattle sold at Chicago up to $9 per 100 pounds. 1902, August 3d— Pueblo (Colo.) Stock Yards opened for business. The officers ii,re as follows: C. G. Warner, President, of St. Louis, Mo.; N. Douthitt, Vice- President and General Manager, of Kansas City, Mo.; G. P. Robinson, TrafBc Manager; W. H. Burnett, Superintendent, of Pueblo, Colo. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STCOK AND AGRICULTURE. Our Great Dictionary Offer. New Census Edition Full Sheep Binding Thumb indexed Never Sold in Book Stores For Less Than $5.00 In the ofHoe of The National Farn-:er and Stock Grower we are using a Webster's Dictionary which cost ten dollars in cash, and is well Worth the money. It appears, however, that a new edition of the original work has been revised and enlarged by Chauncey A. Goodrich, Professor of Tale University. It contains every word that Noah Webster ever defined, also an appendix of 10,000 difficult words, pronouncing vocabulary of Scriptural names, Greek and Latin proper names, modern geographical names, synonyms and antonyms, com- pendium of biography, heroes and heroines of prose and poetry, dictionary of noms de plume, mythology, musical terms, familiar allusions, lexicon of foreign phrases, dictionary of abbreviations, and beautiful plates, showing in their actual colors the flags of various nations. 1,700 pages in all. The Book is Sold at Retail For $5.00 in many of the book stores in this country, but by contracting a car-load we are able to send a copy To Readers of The National Parmer and Stock Grower, Carriage Paid, For . including one-year's subscription. It is bound in sheep, lettered in gold, with patent thumb index. Hefl-e is a chance to get a great bargain at one-half the usual price. ADDRESS. The Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Avenue, ST. LOUIS, MO. $2.50, S4 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1902, August 5th— Brady Union Stock Yards at Atlanta, Ga., organized. Presi- dent, T. B. Brady; Vice-President, John Oli/er; Secretary, J. M. Brady. Opened for business November 10th. 1902. . 1902, August 13th — Shorthorn sale at Hamilton Stock Yards, Canada. The fifty- eight head averaged $425.43. Top sale, the Imp. Wanderer's Last, consigned by Captain T. B. Robson, of Ilderton. On- tario, and sold to Geo. Bothwell, of Net- tleton. Mo., for $2,005. 1902, August 16th — Lord Derby, bay gelding, by Mambrlno King, dam Clarlbel, by Almant, Jr., established the mile trot- ting record to wagon In a race of 2:05%. beating the previous record of 2:10, held jointly by John A. MoKerron and The Monk. 1902, August ISth-^The Musketeer nego- tiated .seven-eighths of a mile at the Sar- atoga, N. Y., track In 1:25. This was the best running record over a circular course. 1902. August 21st — At a sale of Poland- China swine by Shallenburger & Cox, of Ohio, Mr. L. Lukens, of Disco, 111., bought the flve-year-old boar. Big Chief Tecuni- seh, 2d. for $2,100. 1902, August 27th and 28th— Hereford cattle sale at Des Moines, la. The sev- enty-two head averaged $218. Top price of the sale, $540. 1902, September 1st — The fastest run- ning time for a mile and three-sixteenths was made at Chicago by ScintlUant, II., the mark being 1:57 2-5. 1H02. September 2d and 3d— Sale of Hereford cattle at Hamline. Minn. The sixty-one head sold for an average of $225. 1902, September 4th — Sale of Shorthorns at Hamline, Minn. Forty-eight head Jiveraged $450.50. Top price, $1,600, tor N. A. Llnd's bull Fearless Victor, 174,014, bought by John Lister, of Conrad, la. 1902, September 4th — First public sale of Berkshires at Ohio State Fair. Aver- age of forty-four head, $28.75; top price for boar, $70; for sow, $100. 1902, September 9th — Shorthorn sale by Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith and J. G. Rob- bins & Sons at Cambridge City, Ind. Average of thirty head, $419.65. Top price, $1,200, for Imp. cow Maggie, 12th, sold to E. B. Souers, of Warren, Ind. 1902 — Great corn crop of the United States; officially, 2,523,648,312 bushels, from 93,043,613 acres. 1902, September 16th — Extraordinary sale at Indianapolis, Ind., of Hereforcls owned by Clem Graves, of Bunker Hill, Ind. The forty-three head averaged $1,007. Top prices include the bull Cru- sader, 86,596, bought by Ed. Hawkins for $12,000. The cow Dolly, 2d, 61,799, also bought-by Ed. Hawkins for $7,000. 1902— On September 29th, the sheep re- ceipts at the Chicago Union Stock Yards were .'>9,362 head, breaking all previous records for a single day's run at any market. 1902, October 7th and 8th— At Chilli- cothe. Mo., T. F. B. Sotham inaugurated a series of high-class stock cattle auction sales by selling 2,000 head of young cattle from the Panhandle of Texas. 1902, October — Western grass range cattle sold at $7.40 per 100 pounds; record price. 1902, October 9th — Shorthorn sale by Charles B. Ladd, of North Yamhill, Ore., at Spokane, Wash. Average for thirty- nine head, $330.25. Top price, $1,000. 1902, October 14th to 16th— Shorthorn combination sale at Victor, la. Average for 105 head, $379.20. Top price, $1,140, for cow Victoria of Hill Farm, 8th, con- signed by C. C. Bigler & Sons, and sold to B. S. Kelly, of Yellow Springs, O. 1902, October 15th— Sale of Polled Dur- hams at Indianapolis, Ind. Average for forty head, $128.90. 1902, October 16th and 17th— Combina- tion sale of Hereford cattle at Indianap- olis, Ind. Average for 104 head, $407.05. Top price, $1,500, paid by S. H. Godman. of Wabash, Ind., for the cow Beryl, 103,- 641, consigned by P. A. Nave, of Attica, Ind. 1902 — During the week ending October 18th, 162,459 head of sheep arrived at the Chicago Union Stock Yards, the largest on record for a similar period. 1902, October 20th to 25th— Berkshire swine at auction at Kansas City. Aver- age of sows, $58.60; average of boars, $48.60; average of eighty-seven head $53.70. 1902, October 21st— At Memphis, Tenn., Cresoeus placed two-mile trotting record at 4:17 in his trial against Onward Silver's mark of 4:28%. 1902, October 21st and 22d — Combina- tion sale of Herefords at Kansas City Mo. The average Qf ninety-six head was $301.40. Top price, $1,005, for Columbus 29th. consigned by Benton Gabbert, of Dearborn, Mb., and bought by H. McBl- downey. of Chicago Heights, 111. 1902, October 21st and 22d— Aberdeen- Angus cattle sale at Kansas City, Mo. Average of ninety-eight head, $176.10. ■ 1902, October 31st— The stallion Cres- ceus trots two miles in 4:17, establishing a world's record. 1902 — All leading live stock markets broke the one-day cattle receipt record. Chicago's total on December 1st was 36,553 head. The big day at Kansas City was September 16th, when 29,216 head were received. Omaha's largest total was on September 29th, when 13,228 head arrived; while the St. Louis record was 12,193 head, made September 23d: 1902, October 23d— Sale of Galloway cattle at Kansas City, Mo. Average for forty-seven head, $153.60. Top prlop, $1,115, paid by O. H. Swlgart, of Cham- paign, 111., for the cow Dorothea, 18,673, consigned by C. N. Moody, of Atlanta,Mo. 1902, October 23d and 24th— Shorthorn cattle sale at Kansas City, Mo. Average of sixty-six head, $247.50. 1902, October 2Sth— At Memphis, Tenn., Direct Hal and Prince Direct, both sons of Direct, 24,113, paced a mile -as a team against time and set a new mark of 2:05%. The record prior to this was 2:0S. made by John R. Gentry and Robert J. in 1897. 1902, October 2Sth and 29th— Red Polled cattle sold at Chicago by Captain V. T. Hills, of Delaware, O. Average for ninety-two head, $283.30. Top-price fe- male, Popsey, 3d, sold for $1,125 to C. S. Carr, of Elm Grove, W. Va. Top-price bull Popular, 856, sold to J. H. Smith, of ChiUioothe. O., for $1,200. 1902, October 21st to 25th— Sale of Poland- China swine at Kansas City, Mp. The boar average was $58.70; sows, $61.50; avtrage of 161 head, $60.50. 1902, October 31st— At Los Angeles, Cal., Zambra, bay gelding by McKinney. dam by Fairmount, broke the flve-mlle trotting record In a race against four other horses. He brought the time down to 12::'4. It formerly was 12:30%, the record of Bishop Hero. 1902. November — Fort Worth Stock Yards formally opened for business with support of modern packing houses. Pres- ident, J. Ogden Armour; Vice-President, E. P. Swift; Secretary, O. W. Matthews; General Manager, W. B. King. TttS DAtS teOOK OP live! stock aND AGRiCULftffeEi. 1902, November 6th and 6th — ^Aberdeen- Angus combination sale. Average of seventy-nine head, $387.40. Top price, $1,050, for Imp. cow Pride of Aberdeen, lfi7th. ' 1902, November 12th — Sale of Shorthorn cattle by J. W. Smith & Son, at AUerton. la. Average for fifty-seven head, $504. Top price paid by Randolph Bros. & Igo, of Indianola, la., for the cow Missie May. 2d, was $2,000. Five females sold above $1,000 per head. 1902 — Twenty-six auctions of pure-breu cattle held at Chicago, 111., embodying the six leading beef breeds and embracing 1,789 head, sold for a total of $611,876, or an average of $342 each. 1902, November 20th — Sale of Percheron horses by H. G. McMillan, of Rock Rapids, la. Mare average, $267.40; stallion aver- age, $630.70; average of forty-two head, $452. Top price for a stallion, $1,175. 1902, December Sth and , 9th— Combined sale of Herefords at Kansas City, Mo. Average for seventy-six head, $227.05. Top price, $1,000, for the bull Hesiod's Best, 120,056, consigned by Benton Gab- bert, of Dearborn, Mo., and bought by G. B. Reynolds, of Kansas City, Mo. 1902, December 18th — Hereford sale at Wabash, Ind. Average for sixty-three head, $225.70. Top price, $1,300, for the cow Clotho, 18th, 117,714, consigned by Wabash Stock Farm Company, and sold, to Ed. Hawkins, of Earl Park, Ind. 1902, December 19th— Sale of Percheron horses at Kan.9as City, Mo., by D. R. Hanna. Mares, twenty-one head, aver- aged $313.80; nine stallions averaged $570; average of sale, $392. 1902 — Calf receipts at Chicago, 111., were phenomenal, the total for the year, viz.: 251.747 head, establishing a new record. 1902 — The year's sheep record of all markets was broken at Chicago, 111. During the year the total aggregated 4,515,716 head. 1902 — Lowest wheat, in August, 68 Vi cents; highest, in September, 95 cents. 1902. December 13 — Largest receipts of cars in one week at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 8,474. 1902, December — Chicago International Exposition. Grand champion beef animal, the Polled Angus steer, Shamrock; weight, 1,805 pounds as a tWo-year-old. Fed by the Iowa Agricultural College. 1903, April 18th — Holstein-Prieslan champion cow Sadie Vale Concordia, A.R O., 1,124, produced under offlcial test 694.3 pounds of milk in seven days, containing 30 pounds 10.16 ounces of butter; also produced in thirty days 2,754.6 pounds of milk containing 123 pounds 10 ounces of butter. Owned at time of test by Messrs. McAdam & Von Heyne, of Brothertown Stock Farms, Deansboro, Oneida county, N. Y. 1903, June 9th — New York spot cotton, 12.40 cents per pound; highest in fifteen years. 1003, June 11th — At Chicago Shorthorn sale, average $371.25 for forty-eight head. Imp. Lord Banff sold by George B. Ward of Sioux City, la., for $2,105 to M. B. Jones, of Wllliarasvllle. 111. 1903, June 12th — New York auction sale of working coach horses realized an avei - age of $707 per head. The horses had been used in working the coa-ch Pioneer betwen New York and Ardsley. Among the buyers were Harry Payne Whitney, G. G. Haven, Jr., and other well-known whips. The former paid the top price. $4,750 for one pair. Several others were sold singly at $1,000 to $1,800. 1903— At Chicago, June 13th and 14th Canadian Shorthorn sale. W, C. Edwards, of Rockland, Ontario, forty- Bve head; average, $448.90; John Dryden, of Brook- lin, Ontario, nineteen head; average, $565; M. H. Cochrane, of Hillhurst, Quebec, eighteen head; average, $6S3; top price, $2,010, paid by W, H. Dun- woody, of Minneapolis, Minn., for the bull Imp. Golden Mist, 182,753. Including fifteen females by Geo. Harding & Son, of Waukesha, Wis., averaging $602, the grand average for ninety-eight head was $536.40. 1903, June 14th— One thousand dollars paid for a peony called the Jenny Lind, named after the Swedish Nightingale. Sold by C. Betschler, of Canal Dover, O., to C. W. Ward, of Queens, N. Y. This oeony blossoms early and is about eight inches in diameter. 1903 — In this year the United States and Canada made a record by canning 10,679,809 cases of tomatoes, each case containing two dozen standard cans. 1903, June 15th— St. Joseph Stock Yards received 10.028 fresh cattle, the largest cattle receipts for one day on that market. 1903, July— Date Book History of Live Stock and Agriculture established by Philip H. Hale, St. Louis, Mo. LOU DILLON, l:58y2. 1903, July 11th— At Cleveland, O., Lou Dillon broke the world's record for trot- ting mares by one-fourth of a second, going the mile in 2:03%. It was the second fastest mile ever trotted, Cresceus alone having a better mark. Millard Saunders was in the sulky, and two run- ners accompanied the little mare around the track. She reached the first quarter in 0:31%, and the half in 1:01%. 1903, July ISth— The first bale of new crop Texas cotton was S(jld this day at the Galveston Cotton Exchange for $l;^6. and bought by C. Elsenburg. It weighed 170 pounds, and the price was a little less than 29 cents per pound. The bale was raised in Zapata county, one of the southern Rio Grande counties, wheie cotton was not raised before this year. 1903, August ITth — Record run of cattle on the Chicago market. 36,727 head re- ceived this day. 1903, August 19th— At New York, Dan Patch broke the world's pacing record at Brighton Bench by going a mile in l:b9. flat. The fractional times were: Quarter, 0:29%; half, 0:58%; three-quarters. 1:2!IV4. The best previous record was 1:59*4, held jointly by Dan Patch and Star Pointer. 1903, August 24th— Lou Dillon trots the first mile in 2:00 at Readville, Mass, *Hfi DAta B06K op LlVfi STO6K AMD AfiRiCULTURE. 1903, September 9th — At Syracuse, N. Y., the world's record for trotting geld- ings was broken by Major Delmar, Its holder clipping a second from his own mark and three-quarters of a second from the former world's record estab- lished by Creseeus. Alta P. McDonald drove ■ the gelding. Time by quijrters — 0:31%, 1:01%, 1:31%, 2:01%. 1903. Monday, September 28— Cattle re- ceipts at Chicago largest on record for one day — 44,445 iiead. MAJOR DBLMAJR, 1:5 1903, October 10th— At Lexington, Ky., Major Delmar reduced trotting record, exhibition mile to wagon, to 2:03%. Im- mediately after the performance of Major Delmar, Lou Dillon, driven by her owner, C. K. G. Billings, reduced thf record to 2:01%. Time — Quarter, 0:01; half, 1:01; three-quarters, 1:30%; mile, 2:01%. 1903, October 10th — Charmante of the Gron, 14.442, Guernsey cow owned by H. McK. Twombley, flnisbed year's test. maJcing a year's record of 11,874% pounds of milk, which contained 676.46 pounds of butter-fat, which, being churned and salted, would make 789.2 pounds of merchantable butter for the year. 1903, October 24th — At Memphis, Tenn., I.OU Dillon, the peerless trotter, owned by C. K. G. Billings, of Chicago, and driven by Millard Saunders, again proved her right to the proud title of Queen of the Turf by trotting a mile under adverse conditions in the remarkable time ol l:58y2. The daughter of Sidney Dillon was pared by a runner, and another fol- lowed closely to urge the mare to a supreme effort. A strong wind from the north swept down the back stretch, and it was not expected that she could cut anything from her former wonderful record. The quarter was reached in 30 seconds; the half in 0:59%; the third quarter was passed in 1:28%; and the gallant little mare passed under the wire in 1:58%. The timers were Bud Doyle. Fred Hartwell and John Dlckerson, and the watches all agreed to a fraction. 1903— Segis Inka, 36,617, Holstein- Frlesian cow, sold at Averill & Gregory sale to Dr. Wra. N. Landon, of Syracuse, N. Y., for $1,600; highest-priced female of this breed at auction since 1888. 1903, October 2'lLh— -At Narraijansett Park, Prince Alert clipped a quarter of a second from the world's pacing record for a half mile. The Prince was driven by Mart V)omarust. 190S. October 24th — At Memphis, Tenn.. Dariel, a bay mare, by Alcander, driven by A. McDonald, paced a mile in 2:00^. The former pacing record for a mare was held by B'anny Dillard, ^:03%. 1903, October 24th— At Memphis, Tenn. Equity and The Monk, from the stable of Mr. C. K G. Billings, of Chicago, were sent armile against 2:121^, trotting to pole I'ecord. The two horses were driven bv Mr. Billing.s in faultless style, and passed under the wire iij-2:09%. 1903, October 27th — Major D61mar trots in 1:59%, establishing world's gelding record. 1903 — "Country Life in America" for this year says that the annual sale of cut roses in the United States amounts, to about $6,000,000; carnations, $4,000,000- violets, $750,000; and chrysanthemums— a short-season crop— $700,000. The annual production is estimated at $100,000,000 each for roses and carnations and $50,- 000,000 for violets. - 1903, December 31st— D. Rankin, ot Tarkio, Mo., concluded a purchase of 3,500 stock cattle and feeders on the Kansas City market, shipping them out in 126 cars. Considered a record purchase of this character by one man. 1903, December — Chicago International Live Stock Exposition. Champion beef steer the grade Hereford steer Challenger. Weight, 1,750 pounds. Fed and exhibited by .-.e Agricultural Experiment Stattion, Lincoln, Neb. 1904, January 11 — Largest receipt of cars in one day at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 3,228. ]'j0r, March 1— Auction sale of jacks and jennets by L. M. Monsees & Sons at Smithton, Mo. Top price for a jack, $1,500; average for iwenty-nine head, $581. 1904, March 24th— In the op6n market at Chicago a roan Shire draft gelding was sold for the record price of $660. Accord- ing to the Drovers' Journal, this cham- pion roan drafter was consigned by Wil- liam Gray, of Mechanicsville, Iowa, and purchased by Armour & Co. at the highest price paid in the open market for a drafter for commercial use. The gelding was four years old and weighed 2,210 pounds. This champion drafter was bred' by Perry Terrill, ot Oxford Mills, Jones county, Iowa, and was sired by the im- ported Shire stallion Ringmaster, and whose dam was sired by the imported' Shire stallion Ringleader. This gelding fulfllled the promise of his high quality by winning the blue ribbon in his class at the International Live Stock Show. 1904. April 1st— Geo. H. Northrup. of Raceville, Washington county. New York, reported having sold nineteen. Rose Comb Black Minorca fowls for $3,400, breaking the world's records in poultry sales. Victor, the first-prize cock p,t Chicago, brought $1,000, and Pleadlight, 3d. the second-prize cock at Chicago, brought $500. The buyer was Henry Sohultz von Schultzenstein, of Berlin, Germany. 1904 — Louisiana Purchase Exposition opened April 30. closed December 1. Live stock exhibit the greatest ever recorded in history. CATTI>E GRAND CHAMPIONS. Aberdeen-Angus bull — Prince Ito, 2d, exhibited by C. J. Martin, of Churdan, la. Cow— Blackb.rd, 26 C. J. Martin, Chur- dan, la. Ayrshire bull — Lucinda's Boy. Wm. Lindsay, Plainfleld, N. J. Cow — Maud, 1st of Hillhouse J. E. Clark, Ottawa, Canada. Brown Swiss bull- Upland Hobby. F. R. Hazard. Syracuse, N. Y. Cow — Florine. F. R. Hazard, Syracuse, N. Y. Devon bull — Julius. W. J. Winn, Utica, 111. Ci.w— Mermage. W. H. Davis, Men- dota, 111. A Magnificent Newspaper Combination The Twice ■ a -Week GLOBE -DEMOCRAT TS a magnificent newspaper, containing all the latest home, foreign and political news. It is undoubtedly the best newspaper in the United States. It is published nt $1.00 per year, and is worth the price. THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER is a nice, clean, general farm monthly publication, full of practical, interesting and instructive information. It contains good reading for all the family. It is very useful to general farmers, to vegetable and fruit growers, and especially so to cattle, hog and sheep raisers and feeders, to horse and mule raisers and dealers, and it contains more good poultry facts than most of the poultry papers. It is published at 50 cents a year. In This Combination We Also Furnish 24 Fine, High Art Post Cards. These cards make up the grandest subscription premium ever known. They are elegantly colored and absolutely perfect and beau- tiful. These cards would cost 46 cents if purchased sepalrately. Send Us OneDoltar and we will mail to your address The St. Louis Globe-Democrat Twice-a-Week Edition for one year. The National Farmer and Stock Grower for one year ; and will also send the Post Cards as a Free Premium. Address The Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Avenue, ST. LOUIS, MO. 88 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. Galloway bull— Worthy, 3d. C. E. Clarke, St. Cloud, Minn. Cow— Bvalme, 2d, of Avondale. C. N. Moody, Atlanta, Guernsey bull — Guernsey Champion. H McK. Twombley, Madison, N. J. Cow— Pride of Home. H. McK. Twom- bley, Madison, N. J. Hereford bull— Prime Lad. Van Natta & Son, Fowler, Ind. Cow— Lorna Doone. Van Natta & Son, Fowler, Ind. Jersey bull— Merry Maiden's 3d Son. H C. Taylor, Orfordville, Wis. Cow- Figgis. Thomas W. Lawson, Scituate, Hoistein bull— Sarcastic Lad. World's Fair Holstein-Frieslan Association. Cow — JoUie Johanna. World's Fair Holstem- Friesian Association. Polled Durham bull— Golden Hero. A. C Wood & Son Pendleton, Ind. Cow — Ruby of Buttonwood. Fletcher S. Hmes, Malott Park, Ind. Snorthorn bull— Choice Goods. Tebo Land and Cattle Company. Clinton, Mo. Cow — Fair Queen. E. W. Bowen, Delphi, BEEF STEER CHAMPIONS. Grade steer — The Hereford Little Joe. S. L. Brock, Macon, Mo. Pure-bred Hereford steer — Fluck's Ex-' pectation. H. J. Fluck, Goodenow, 111. Pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus steer — Deuce of Meadowbrook. D. Bradfute & Son, Cedarville, O. , „ , Pure-bred Galloway steer — Glen Rose s King. O. H. Swigart, Champaign, 111. SWINE GRAND CHAMPIONS. Berkshire boar — Premier Longfellow. N. H. Gentry. Sedalia, Mo. Sow — Duchess, 279. N. H. Gentry, Sedalia, Mo. Chester White boar — Jackson Chief. L. L. Frost, Mirabile, Mo. Sow — Cor- delia. T.. P. and J. J. Hardin, Lima, O. Duroc-Jersey boar — Tip Top Notcher. Geo. W. Sackman. Ripley, III. Sow— Dotie. McFarland Bros., Sedalia, Mo. Essex boar — Chief Bearer. W. Canz- ler. Pleasant Dale, Neb. Sow — Lilian. M. A. Miller, Belleville, 111. Poland-China boar — The Meddler. Winn & Mastin, Mastin, Kas. Sow — Lady Lu- cile. B. L. Gosick, Fairfield, la. Tamworth boar — Bnglewood's Fireman. W. W. Morton, Russellville, Ky. Sow — Lady Amhurst. D. Douglas & Sons, Mitchell, Ontario, Canada. Yorkshire boar — Colston Eclipse. W. B. Rockhill, Etna Green, Ind. Sow — S. H. Bottesford Empress. Thos. H. Canfleld, Lake Park, Minn. A MODERN SPANISH MERINO RAM — Grand champion at Louisiana Pur chase Exposition, 1904. SHEEP GRAND CHAMPIONS. Cheviot ram — Victor. Howard H. Keim, Ladoga, Ind. Ewe — Curry's, 3,973. Wm. Curry & Son, Hartwick, N. T. Cotswold ram — Houlton's 454. Lewis Bros., Camp Point, 111. Ewe — Game's, 100. Lewis Bros., Camp Point, 111. Dorset ram — Merson's Best Yearling. John A. MoGlUivray, North Ontario, Canada. Ewe — ^Hambro's Pet. John A. McGilllvray, North Ontario, Canada. Hampshire ram^ — The Earl. John Mil- ton, Marshall, Mich. Ewe — ^Lady Salis- bury. John Milton, Marshall, Mich. Leicester ram — Sanford. A. W. Smith, Maple Lodge, Ontario, Canada. Ewe — Ruby Douglas, No. 3. A. W. Smith, Maple Lodge, Ontario, Canada. Lincoln ram — Gibson's, 155. J. T. Gib- son, Denfleld, Ontario, Canada. Ewe — Gibson's, 162. J. T. Gibson, Denfleld, Ontario, Canada. Oxford ram — ^Bryan's, No. 9. R. J. Stone, Stonington, 111. Ewe — Our Lassie, 22. W. A. MoKerrow, Pewaukee, Wis. Southdown ram — Knowlton Hero. Geo. McKerrow & Son, Pewaukee, Wis. Ewe — Cul(ord Ewe. Geo. McKerrow & Son, Pewaukee, Wis. Shropshire ram — Shenstone Star. J. Campbell, Woodville, Ontario. Canada. Ewe — ^Rudington Pride. L. D. Rumsey, Lewiston, N. Y. HORSE GRAND CHAMPIONS. Belgian stallion — Trappiste. J. Crouch & Son, Lafayette, Ind. Mare — Panette. Henr" Lefebure, Fairfax, la. French Coach stallion — Torrent. Mc- Laughlin Bros., Columbus, Ohio. Mare — Esmeralda. E. M. Barton, Hinsdale, 111. French Draft stallion — Attilla. Bur- gess & Soh, Wenona, 111. Mare — Buzetta. Ed Hodgson, El Paso, 111. German Coach stallion — Hannibal. Crouch & Son, Lafayette, Ind. Mare — Palette. Oldenburg Coach Horse Society of Rodenkirchen, Germany. Hackney stallion — Saxon. Robert Beith, Ontario. Canada. Mare — Priscilla. Robert Beith, Ontario, Canada. Morgan stallion — Shakespeare. Joseph Batten, Ripton, Vt. Mare — Senata. J. C. Brunk, Cotton Hill, 111. Percheron stallion — Fronton. McLaugh- lin Bros., Columbus, Ohio. Mare:r-Zaza. J. W. & J. C. Robison, Towanda, Kas. Saddle stallion — Montgomery Chief. Ball Bros., Versailles, Ky. Mare — Gypsy Queen. Ball Bros., Versailles, Ky. Shetland pony stallion — Grandee. C. E. Bunn, Peoria, 111. Mare— Frolic. C. E. Bunn. Peoria. 111. Shire stallion — Cottered Prince. Bur- gess & Sons, Wenona, 111. Mare- Rings- end Lass. Truman's Pioneer Stud Farm, Bushnell. 111. Standard-bred stallion — Kentucky Peak. J. R. Peak & Son, Winchester, ni. Mare —Alice Steele. J. R. Peak & Son, Win- chester, 111. Thoroughbred stallion — Ornament. H. P, Headley, Lexington, Ky. Mare — Day- tona. Geo. C. Graddy, Versailles, Ky. JACK and MULE GRAND CHAMPIONS. Jack— Orphan Boy. L. M. Monsees & Sons. Smithton, Mo. Jennet — Belle of Limestone. L. M. Monsees & Sons, Smithton, Mo. Mule— MoUie. W. A. Elgin, Platte City, Mo. 1904, June 15— The St. Louis National Stock Yards received 318 cars, 8,857 head, Texas and Southern cattle — a record day in quarantine cattle. 1904. October 13 — End of dairy cow demonstration at World's Fair, St. Louis. Loretta D., 141,708, owned by estate of W. S. Ladd, Portland, Oregon, winner in contest. In 187 days Loretta D. pro- duced 9,214.7 pounds of milk, a daily average of 49.3 pounds, giving 416.64 pounds of butter-fat, equal to 490.12 pounds commercial butter, an average of 2.62 pounds butter per day. Loretta D. is a hlgh-brtd Jersey cow. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 89 1904, June ISth— At Chicago, without feeling the touch of the whip or spur and running entirely on his own courage, Highball, the three- year-old colt which W. M. Scheftel brought to Chicago from the Bast, won the American Derby at Washington Park. The time, 2.33, equals the best time ever made for this event. 1904, June 18th— At Cleveland, O., before a crowd of 10,000 horse lovers at the Glenville track, Lou Dillon, the trot- ting queen, driven by her owner, G. K. G. >3illings, was sent a mile to wagon to beat the .amateur record of 2:10. The mare made the distance in 2:06y2. The last quarter was made in thirty seconds. 1904, June 18th-^At Cleveland, O., Mr. C. K. G. Bilings rode Charlie Mac a mile to saddle in an effort to break the ama- teur world's record of 2:19%. The record was lowered to 2:17%. 1904, September 12 — Largest one-day's receipts of horses and mules at the St. Louis National Stock Yards, 4,242 head. •<904, October 21st — The Monk . and Tilquity trot a mile In 2:07% at Memphis, _enn., establishing world's team record. 1904, October 24 — At the Chicago Union Stock Yards, Mr. L. M. Newgass made a record by selling a matched pair of bay draft geldings, the team weighing 4,480 pounds. The sale was made to Mr. H. K. Bloodgood, of Boston, and the price was $1,000 for the pair. 1904, October 25th — ^At Memphis, Tenn., Prince Direct and Morning Star pace in 2:06, making world's amateur team record, driven by C. K. G. Billings. 1904, October 26th — Dan Patch estab- lishes world's pacing record at Memphis, Tenn., reducing the mark to 1:56. 1904. December — Chicago International Live Stock Exposition. Grand champion beef animal the Aberdeen-Angus steer Clear Lake Jute, fed and exhibited by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion Live weight at 38 months, 1,895 pounds. 1904 — Largest receipts of horses and mules at any market in one year, 181,341 head, received in this year at the St. Louis National Stock Yards. Grand champion ear of corn. 1905 — ^At the meeting of the Iowa Corn Growers' Association held at 'Ames, Iowa, in January, an ear of corn grown by Mr. H. J. Ross, of Farragut, Iowa, was de- clared the grand champion of the show. It was sold at auction and was bought by Jno. T. Alexander, of Chicago, for eleven dollars. 1905, March 6 — Largest receipts of horses in one day at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 2,177 head. 1905. March 11 — Largest receipts of horses in one week at the Union Stock Yards, Ch.cago, 4,768 head. 1905, March — Largest receipts of horses in one month at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 18,448 head. 1905, April— M. H. Tlchenor & Co., of Chicago, sold May Morning, a golden chestnut saddle horse, five years old, 15 hands high, to J. H. Moore, for $3,650.00. This was at a New York auction and re- ported to be the highest price paid for a saddle horse on the auction block. 1905 — ^In a three-mile running race at Oakland, Cal., Saturday, April 8th, the American record for that distance was lowered by Blie, a four-year-old son of St. Carlo, owned by C. Stubenford. Carry- ing 99 pounds. Bile defeated Dr. Leggo, the favorite, Veterano, Orchan, Barney Dreyfus, Flying Tornado and Grafter, and covered the three miles in 5:22, the best previous time having been Drake Carter's record of 5:24 made at Sheepshead Bay in September, 1884. 1905, April 17th— C. M. Rand, a horse dealer, sold the highest-priced car-load of draft horses on the Kansas City market to this time. The car-load contained six- teen head that weighed 1,600 to 2,150 pounds, and brought $230 to $275, or an average price of $251.51. The horses were shipped Jn from Iowa. 1905, April 27th — A pair of' big mules sold for $540 at the St. Louis National Stock Yards by Campbell & Reid and Western Sale Stables ' Company, reported as being the highest-priced pair sold in the open market. 1905, May 21 — Largest receipts of calves in one week at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 15,910 head. 1905, July — An arbitration award by the King of Italy respecting the Anglo- Portuguese frontier In Africa, apportions the last piece of vacant or unappropriated land on that continent. It also awarded the last piece of land available for coloni- zation In the known world, Africa being the last continent to come wholly under government control. 1905, May — Two of the best mules ever seen at St. Louis were marketed by Prank Platter, of Chillicothe, Mo. They were a ripping big pair, weighing over 3,iu0 "ounds, and were good all over. The best evidence of this was that they brought $540. One of these mules was what was properly designated "a cracker- Jack." She was said by every dealer to be the best mule they had ever seen, not In a month, or a year, but their whole experience. She weighed 1,690 pounds, and had the shape, the quality, the style, bone, foot and everything to make her a remarkable mule. Several dealers bid $325 and $330 for her alone. The mules were bought by Mr. Platter from Ben Broyles, of Chula, Mo. 1905, May — Largest receipts of calves in one month at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 62,742 head. JOE PATCHEN, 2:01%— Black horse, by Patchen Wilkes. Holder of pacing record for fastest two-heat race by a stallion, 2:03, 2:02%. Sire of Dan Patch, champion harness horse, whose picture is on page 7. 90 THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1905, August 17th— At Decatur,^ 111., The Broncho paces in 2:03%, making a world's record for mares. 1905, September 30 — During the year ending on this day, the Guernsey cow Yeska Sunbeam gave 14,920.8 pounds of milk, averaging 5.74 per cent, fat, equal to 857.15 pounds of pure butter-fat and equivalent to 1,000 pounds, of merchant- able butter, this being the world's official butter-fat record made under public supervision. 1905, October 7th — ^In a contest against time the famous champion harness horse, the stallion Dan Patch, established a world's record by pacing in l:55i4. This at Lexington, Ky. 1905, October— Largest receipts of sheep in one month at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 690,956 head. 1905, November — The Easterp stable of show horses belonging to Mrs. J. B. M. Grosvenor being sold at auction, brought a total of $54,250 for twenty-eight head, which is an average of .'}i,»oT.50 per head. The carriage team. The Baron and The President, sold to Dr. J. G. 'Lyman for $8,0j)0. Pow Wow and Tomahawk, an- other pair, sold for $8,500 to J. E. Denny, of Pittsburg, Pa. The high price for a single animal was $2,800, paid for . Petroleum, a 15 Va black gelding, bought in for Mrs. Grosvenor. 1905 — At Springfielfi, 111., on November 2d, a sale ot Shire horses was held by J. S. Wright and Storey & Son. The five stallions averaged $417, and the top price was $975, paid by Wm. Spears, of Tallula, III., for Lord ±!ob, a six-year-old stallion, sired by Dandy Dick. The best price for a female was *410, paid by E. G. Spence, of Assumption, 111., for Forest Belle, a four-year-old, sired by Rampton. ' 1905 — At New York, on November 22, Cresceus, the famous trotter, was sold in Madison Square Garden for $21,000 to M. W. Savage, of Minneapolis, who also owns Dan Patch, Arion, and other famous horses. The . only other bidder was P. H. McGuire, of New York, who offered $20,000. Nearly 5,000 people were present to see the sale. 1905 — During the year the pure-bred stock sales at the Chicago Union Stock Yards amounted to thirty-five, at which 584 head of cattle were sold at an aver- age of $161.90 per head. The Shorthorns were 120; average, $215.25; Herefords, 142; average, $137.20; Aberdeen-Angus average, $156.08; and Galloways, 56 head; average, $155.70. WHITEHALL MARSHALL - Shorthorn bull. ■ Champion 1905; December — International Live Stock Exposition at Chicago. Champion beef steer, Blackrock, Aberdeen-Angus, two year old, weighing 1,650 pounds. He was fed at the Iowa Agricultural College and was sold at 25 cents a pound. 1905 — Largest receipts of horses in one year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 127,250 head. 1905 — ^^The canning of corn in the United States and Canada reached a total of 13,418,665 cases, each case containing two dozen standard cans. Iowa led the list, with 2j557,104 cans. ■ 1906, January— Ohio Chief, 8,727, a Duroc-Jersey boar, was sold by S. E. Morton, of Camden, Ohio, for $2,000 to Mr. B. J. Harding, of Macedonia, Wis., this representing the record price for . a Duroc-Jersey boar. , Ohio Chief was bred and raised by Mr. Morton and was first- prize boar, two years old and over, and reserve senior champion at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 1906 — The draft-horse sale held at Bloomington, 111., January. 4th and 5th, under the management of C. W. Hurt, resulted in a general average of $363.95 for fifty-three head. Tfie eighty-nine stallions averaged $42.25, and sixty-five mares averaged $311.55. The Percheron stallion Prudent, sired by Hercules, sold at $1,650 to J. C, Good, of Flannagan, 111.; Germain, sired by Udeon, sold for $1,040 to Emanuel CrSss, of Adrian, Minn.; and Pedroe, sired by Sansonnett, 2d, sold to' Wm. Rumney & Sons, of Somonauk, 111., for $1,005. The top-price mare. Colly P., sired by Powerful, sold to Wm. Zumdahl, of Forrest, 111., for $635. 1906, January — In this month the St. Louis National Stock Yards received 29,831 horses and mules — a world's record. 1906, February 2d— At a public sale of Duroc-Jersey swine, Helen Blazes, III., a daughter of Tip Top Notdher, out of Helen Blazes, bred by H. E. Browning, of Ripley, 111., Was sold for the record price ot $1,000 to J. Coy Roach, of Girard, 111. 1906— On February 5th, at Omaha, Mark M. Coad, of Fremont, Neb., sold American-bred Percheron horses under the management of John S. Cooper. At the sale seventeen two and three-year- old stallions sold for $10,100, averaging $594^.5, and eleven mares brought $3,860, an average of $351, while the twenty- eight head averaged nearly $500. The top price was $1,000, paid by M. B. James, of Aurora, Neb., for the stallion Albion, and E. K. Miller, of Hampton, Neb., iiaid $600 for Lady Beatrice, the top-priced mare.' 1906— At Vandalia, 111., February 25th, G. G. Council sold forty-two head of hogs at a public sale at an average of $258 per head. The hogs were -Berkshires. This was said to be the world's record. An- other high price was set in the sale of Baron Duke, Fiftieth, which brought $1,600. This hog was sold to W. S. Corsa, of Whitehall, 111. 1906, February — The grand champion fat steer at the Western Live Stock Show, a yearling Shorthorn weighing 1,150 pounds, was sold to J. D. Miller at 33 cents a pound, the highest price ever paid for a steer in Colorado. The steer waS" €ed and exhibited by the Colorado Agri- cultural College. 1906 — In March some public sales of Poland-China swine were at strong prices. E. H. Ware, at Douglas, 111., sold fifty-four head at an average of $119.33, with a top price of $380. B. L. Jimison, at Oneida, Ifl., sold fifty head at $116 per head, with $910 the top price, paid by Frank Walgemuth, of Elgin, 111., for Keep Sake, a Keep On boar; J. C. Hanna. of Middleton, Iowa, sold forty-four head at an average of $110.60, with a top price of $320. Line Lukens, of Dlsko, 111., sold sixty head at $10*.23 per head, the top price at the sale being $600. THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 91 The Book of Live Stock Champions. THE MOST VALUABLE BOOK EVER PUBLISHED IN THE INTEREST OF HIGH-CLASS STOCK RAISING. The Book Contains Five Hundred Half-tone Pictures of the Most Famous Horses, Cattle, Hogs and Sheep, All Handsomely Printed on Elegant Paper and Finely Bound in Cloth With Gilt Title. Obtaining The Book of Live Stock Champions and Two-years' Subscription to The National Farmer and Stock Grower is Like Getting Ten For One. GUERNSEY BULL— LORD STRANFORD. One of the most Illustrious of his breed. LORD STRANFORD was sired by Chronicler, and his dam was Miss Maggie. He was calved May 31st, 1888, and imported July 17th, 1889. LORD STRANFORD began his career by winning first prize at the Royal Guernsey Agricultural Society, Island of Guernsey, In 1889. In 1890 he was first lit two-year-old class and head of first-prize herd at New York State Fair, also at New York and New England Fair, at Albany. From 1891 to 1894 he was twelve times head of first-prize herd and as many times individually first-prize winner. His record at the Columbian World's Fair was first prize in aged bull class, winner of sweepstakes prize and head of prize herd. LORD STRANFORD was owned and exhibited by d. Howard Davidson, of Altamont Stock Farm, Milbrook, Duchess county. New York. The Book of Live Stock Champions, cloth-bound, up-to-date edition, is being sent out to thousands of breeders, ranchmen and stock farmers all over the country. This extraordinary book was built up in three years. It was first issued in March, 1903, a paper-covered volume of 126 pages, containing 250 pictures. The present enlargement makes it a volume of 240 Pages, weighing 24 ounces, con- taining Five Hundred Half-tone Pictures. Every picture in The Book of Live Stock Champions represents a champion in domestic live stock. There are first-prize, sweepstake and championship winners at State, National and International Fairs and Expositions. The pictures include every breed of dairy, beef and general-purpose cattle; running, trotting, pacing, jumping, coach and draft horses and ponies; fat swine and individual champions of every breed of sheep; also famous Angora goats. Anyone who will send in One Dollar to pay for two-years' subscription to The National Farmer and Stock Grower can select one copy of The Book of Live Stock Champions as a premium, and it will be sent at once postpaid. Address, THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 92 THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 1906, March— A notable sale of mules was effected at Atlanta, Ga., by Herren, Bradbury & Co. There were twenty head, averaging $432.50. One pair of show mules included in the lot brought $1,150 and were Topsy and Molly, World's Fair champions. It was the record price for mules. OKJt-HAN BOY— Grand champion jack at Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904. Exhibited by L. M. Monsees & Sons, of Smithton, Mo. 1906, March 6th — At the sale of jacks and- jennets held by L. M. Monsees & Sons, of Smithton, Mo., several records, were broken, as follows: Highest-priced jack at auction, Good Nature, two years old, sold to Wm. Van Sweringen, of Holton, Kas!, for- $1 600. Highest average for jacks, $856.30 per head for -thirty head, and largest total amount of sale, $31,990. The jennet average was $169.72 for twenty-seven head. High Style, a four-year-old Jack, sold to the Goodrick Stock Farm, of Eldon, Mo., for $1,510; and Beston, a three-year-old, sold for $1,425 to J. W. Stokey, of Gansing, Kas., for $1,425. The best price for a jennet was $565 for Toddie, bought by R. B. Deere, of Buffalo, Mo. 1906, March 7 — At Green Bay, Wis., the Hagemeister Stock Farm sold fifty head of PercheroA horses for an average of $501.50. The sixteen stallions included three at $1,000 and upward, and the aver- age was $612.50; and thirty-four mares averaged $501.50. The top-price stallion was $1,250, paid for Bclaireur, a six-year- old, sold to Con. Keef, of Depere, Wis. The best price for a mare was $900, paid by Fred Pabst, of Milwaukee, Wis. 1906, March 19th — A. J. Lovejoy & Sons, of Roscoe, 111., sold the Berkshire boar Masterpiece, 77,000, for $2,500 at private sale, the purchaser being W. S. Corsa, of Whitehall, lU. 1906, April — At a combination sale of trotting horses held by Blair-Baker Horse Company of Indianapolis. Ind., Grace A., 2:12%, by Anderson Wilkes, topped the market for trotters at $5,000, while the grand voung mare. Alfalfa. 2:11%, by Argot Wilkes, brought $3,800, the top price for pacers. Numerous sales were made between $1,000 and $2,000. 1906, April 3d— At the St. Louis Na- tional Stock Yards the McParlane Com- mission Company sold twenty-one head of mules for Ratz Bros., of Red Bud, 111., for an average of $237.50, the record price for a load of mules sold on consignment in the market. 1906, May 1 — Largest receipts of calves in one day at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 9,284 head. 1906, May 17th — At the annual Spring Show held on the Island of Jersey, the cow Karank, the winner of the English Jersey Cattle Society gold medal, estab- lished a butter record for the island. She made 3 pounds 6^4 ounces of butter In 24 hours, the best ever reached in a public test on the island. Karank is owned by Mr. G. L. Gruohy; was seven years old and 123 days in milk. There were eighty-one entries in the contest. 1906, May 15th — Close of official year in testing Holstein-Friesian cows for ad- vanced registry. During this official year 1,545 Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers of all ages were officially tested for a period of seven consecutive days or longer, producing for the seven consecu- tive days 581,959.5 pounds milk, contain- ing 19,701.3 pounds butter-fat, and show- ing an average of 3.39 per cent. tat. The average weekly production for each animal so tested was 376.7 pounds milk, containing 12.75 pounds butter-fat, equiv- alent to 53.8 pounds milk, or over twenty- six quarts daily, and nearly fifteen pounds of the best quality of butter per week for each cow. 1906, June 19th-21st — The dispersion sale of the herd of Shorthorn cattle estab- lished by G. M. Casey, of Clinton, Mo., and later known as the Tebo Land and Cattle Company herd, took place at Kansas Ciy, Mo. The result was an aver- age of $308.60 for 166 females, an average of $1,101.35 for eleven bulls, and a general average of $377.75 for 177 head. The bulls included the grand champion Choice Goods, 186,802, sold, at $5,500 to Howell Reese, of Pilger, Neb. Two sons of Choice Goods sold at $1,500 each. The top price for females was the Imported cow Ma- rengo's Lavendar Countess with heifer calf by Choice Goods at foot and sold for $2,150 to C. E. Leonard & Son, of Bell Air, Mo. The grand champion cow Ruberta also sold to Howell Reese at $1,325. Thirty-one of the get of Choice Goods sold at the sale for $18,734.85. The total amount realized at the sale, was $63,337. 1906. June — De KoUe Creamelle, 59,158. Holstein cow. owned by D. W. Field, of Dutchland Farms, Montello, Mass., fin- ished a hundred-day milking test, giving 10,017 pounds of milk, 2.84 per cent, fat, or 284 pounds of butter-fat, equivalent to 335 pounds of merchantable butter. This cow is claimed to hold the largest official single-day milk record, 119.4 pounds of milk; the largest seven-day record, '780.3 pounds of milk; the largest thirty-day record. 3,200.3 pounils of milk; the largest sixty-day record. 6,251 pounds of milk; the largest ninetv-day record, 9,454 Dounds of milk; and the largest hundred- day record, 10.017 pounds of milk. The hundred-day milk record was nearly equal to twelve gallons of milk per day. 1906. June 29th — The President signed the bill passed by Congress and intro- duced by Hon. ^. A. Rodenberg, of Illi- nois, which extends the time of live stock in transit without unloading from a limit of twenty-eight hours to a maximum of thirty-six hours. This is to be done upon written request of the owner or person in charge of the particular shipment. 1906. June 29th — Congress passed a law providing for an appropriation of $3,000,- 000 to defray the expense of enlarged in- spection of -o-merican live stock and live stock products,the same to be as. formerly under the control of the United- States Department of Agriculture. For a long time the bill was delayed through a de- termined effort to change existing methods and saddle the salaries of the government inspectors unon the stock raisers of the country by first charging it un to the packers, who would simply buy all stock subject to inspection and clear- ance certificate, thereby shifting a direct THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 93 PROFITABLE DAIRYING. An Elegant Cloth-bound Book — A Practical Guide to Successful Dairy Management — By C. L. PECK. GUERNSEY COW— LILLY ELLA, 7,240. Owned by Mrs. Marlon G. Hathaway, of Trenton Junction, N. J. This cow Is a wonder In beauty as In useful capacity. Record at five years old under public supervision, 12,282.68 pounds of milk, 6.4 per cent, fat, 782.16 pounds butter-fat, equivalent to" 912.5 pounds of butter. In one year. The Introductory chapter of this book consists of a minute description of the far-famed model dairy farm of Rev. J. D. Detrich, near Philadelphia, Pa. Never perhaps has the description of any farm caused a more profound sensation In the agricultural world. On this farm of fifteen acres which twenty years ago could not maintain one horse and two cows, there were kept twenty-seven dairy cattle, in addition to two horses. All the roughage, litter, bedding, etc., necessary for these animals was grown on these fifteen acres, more than most farmers could accomplish on 100 acres. A description of this plain, unpretentious little farm sounds almost like a fairy tale, and yet it is nothing but plain, clear facts of the truth, of which anyone can convince himself. The author of this volume is a well-known, practical dairyman, who has made dairying a marked success, and who, in this volume, gives such practical hints on dairying as will enable the reader to improve his methods, better his conditions and more nearly attain 'that point in business known as success. The treatment of the entire subject Is thoroughly practical in every detail, being principally a description of the methods practiced by the author, and which after a lifetime of experience and study he has found most advantageous. Yet the scientific bearing on the subject has not been neglected, as the author has availed himself of all the most recent discoveries and advancements in science, thus making the work authoritative, practically as well as scientifically. Separate chapters are devoted to the importance of the dairy, physiology and secretion of milk, future of dairying, dairy breeds, selection of a breed, the dairy cow and the dairy sire,- dairy standard, care and feed of the dairy cow, care of the calf, milking, when to have cows come fresh, feeds and their value, care of the milk, device for ripening cream, churning, marketing dairy butter, the dairy barn, sllo and silage, miscellaneous topics, necessary appliances, gen- eral hints, dairy remedies. Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 174 Pages. Bound in Cloth. Send One Dollar for a copy of Profitable Dairying and one-year's subscrip- tion to The National Farmer and Stock Grower. Address, THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Avenue, ST. LOUIS, MO. H THE DATE BOOK OP LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. tax of so much per head upon all live stock sold In market to be paid by the owner thereof. The happy result , where- by eighty millions of people pay the tax and- the government pays and controls its own inspectors was largely due to the House Committee of Agriculture and more especially to Hon. James W. "Wads- worth, of New York state, to whom the farmers and stock raisers are under great obligation. 1906, August— In England the American eleven-year-old mare Grace Greenlander, 2:18%, reduced the trotting record for three miles in a race and over a half-mile track to 7:15§i. The fractional time was: Half, 1:11; mile, 2:23; one and one-half miles, 2:36; two miles, 4:50; two and one-half miles, 6:04; three miles, 7:15%; making the second mile in 2:37 and the third in 2:25%; Three other horses started, two of which did not finish, -while the third came in about 200 yards behind. 1906 — At Readville, Mass., August 31st, the s?ven-year-old mare Ecjgtatio paced a mile in 2:01^, reducing the record for a pacing mare m a race. 1806, August 26 — at Galesburg, 111., the bay mare The Broncho distinguished herself by pacing the mile in 2:^)0%, establishing the one-mile pacing record tor ^ mare against time. 1906, August 25— At Readville, Mass., the pacing gelding Bolivar, by Wayland W., 2:12V2, dam Belle W., by Conn's Harry Wilkes, negotiated a mile In a race in 2:00%, equaling the performance of Prince Alert in 1901. 1906, August 29— At Readville, Mass., the ch. gelding My Star reduced the geld- ing pacing record for a new performer to 2:03%. 1906— At Libertyville, 111., September 7th, the brown stallion Solon Grattan trotted a mile in 2:10% on a half-mile track, thereby establishing a record. 1906, September 12— At Syralcuse, N. T., the bay mare Sweet Marie trotted a mile in a race in 2:03%, establishing a world's record. .1906 — ^At Columbus, Ohio, September 17th, the brown mare Italia established a record for a new performer by pacing a mile in '2:04%. 1906, September IS— At Columbus, Ohio, the bay Ally Brenda York, by Moko, paced a mile in 2:08%, thereby establish- ing a record for three-year-old fillies. test against time, negotiated the trotting mile in 2:02. She went the first quarter in :30-; the half in :59%; and three quar- ters in 1:30. Sweet Marie was driven by Atta McDonald. 1906 — At Columbus, Ohio, September 21st, The Abbe, bl. colt, by , Chimes trotted a mile in 2:10%, giving him the Joint claim to record made by Arion in 1902. 1906, September 26 — The First Cow Test Association organized in Newago county, Michigan. The plan is that fifteen or twenty dairymen form an association and pay $1.00 per cow' per year to help defray the expenses of the test. A competent person is hired to make the tests.. By : this means records are kept and the good dairy cows become known and bred from and the unprofitable cows are sent to the butcher. 1906, October 6 — Largest receipts of , sheep in one week at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 179,490 head. 1906, October 8th — Educational poultry exhibit car started on Missouri Pacific Railroad. "Was on road twelve days; stopped fifteen times and held eighteen meetings; forty-nine lectures were deliv- ered; 4,080 persons attended meeting and 15,25.0 people visited the car. It was in charge of John T. Stinson, Agricultural Agent; C. M. Lewelling, poultry Speaker;, Henry Steinmesch, Expert' PoUItryman and Judge. R. M. "Washburn, State Dairy Commissioner, delivered addresses on dairy subjects. 1906, October 9th — At a sale of Western range horses held by Campbell & Reid' ana Western Sale Stables Company at the St. Louis National Stock Yards, 3,442 horses were sold at auction in six hours, establishing a world's record. J. Tobe , Ward and P. M. Gross officiated as auc- tioneers. These horses brought $172,000. A load of these Western range, horses sold . for $111.00 around, the highest price ever paid for a load of range horses at public auction. SWEET MARIE, 2:02. 1906, September 21 — At Columbus, Ohio, Sweet Marie, in her ninth year, in a con- Always remembfer Apple Day. 1906, October 16th— "First Apple Day" set apart to be celebrated every year so long as time shall last. This was by- the American Apple Growers'" Congress at their annual meeting held at St. Louis. The officers: President, Henry M. Dunlap, of Savoy, 111.; Vice-President, W. R. Wil- kinson, of St. Louis; Secretary, T. C. Walsh, of Hannibal, Mo.; Treasurer, Wesley Greene, of Des Moines, la.; Stat- istician, John A. Stinson, of Springfield, Mo. Apple Day is the third Tuesday in October. THE DATE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK AND AGRICULTURE. 95 1906. October — The Joseph A. Maxwell Mule Co. of St. Louis consigned twenty- seven mules to the opening of the Piss, Doerr & Carroll Grand Pavilion in New York City, where they sold at a.uction by electric light on October 24th at 8 p. m., following the sale of a lot of Percheron horses. They were sold by the pair at a range of $525 to $750, two pairs of them- bringing $750 each. These mules stood 16 to 17.1 hands, and the average weight was 1,500 pounds, which is 300 pounds more than the average weight of a 16- hand mule. 1906, October 2— At Lima, Ohio, George G., bay gelding, trotted a mile against time on a half-mile track in 2:08%. thereby establishing a world's gelding half-mile track record. 1906, November 7th — Near Lawton, Okla., a negro girl from Hill county, Texas, picked 705 pounds of cotton in one day. She was but fifteen years old, and this was claimed to be a world's record for' cotton picking, considering age, size and sex. 1906— On November 29th, Sweet Marie, the famous trotting mare, with the record of 2:02, was sold at Madison Square Garden for $14,000 to B. T. Stotesbury, a Philadelphia banker. Sweet Marie was bred by Frank C. Schumaker, of Los An- geles, Cal. by him to Atlanta, Ga., where they were resold for -$1,000. MR. J. OGDEN ARMOUR. 1906, Noveml?er — Mr. J. Ogden Armour bestowed $5,000 annually to be distributed at the International Live Stock Exposi- tion of Chicago and be competed for by the State Agricultural Colleges. This provides for twenty scholarships to be known in his name. In making the pres- entation Mr. Armour said: "It is my desire that the recipients of the scholar- ships be limited to boys whose parents are unable to give them the advantage of an agricultural education." 1906, November — Jos. A. Maxwell Mule Company, of the St. Louis National Stock Yards, sold a pair of flve-year-old, seal- brown mules. 17 hands high, the team weighing 3,710 pounds. These were bought by Robert Harrington and shipped DRAGON — First-prize Percheron stallion. 1906, December — International Live Stock Exposition. The two-year-old Per- cheron stallion Dragon first-prize win- ner, sold by McLaughlin Bros, to Mr. H. G. Spohr for the record price of $5,000. 1906, December — International Live Stock Show. Grand champion, Aberdeen- Angus bull Vala's Rosegay. Grand champion female, Eileen Lass. Grand champion Shorthorn bull, Whitehall Mar- shall; female, "Welcome of Meadow Lawn. Galloways — Senior champion, Pat Ryan; female. Myrtle of Avondale. Herefords — Senior champion bull, Princeps, 4th; female. Heliotrope. Polled Durhams — Senior champion bull, Grover Abbots- burn; female. Lady Abbotsburn. Red Polls — Senior champion bull, Water Boy; female, Jessie. •• 1906, December — International Live Stock Exposition. Grand champion beef steer of the show the pure-bred Hereford calf Peerless Wilton, 39th's Defender, eleven months old; weight, 975 pounds. The first calf awarded this high honor. A great example of babv beef. Bred and fed by F. A. Nave Attica, Ind. 1906, December 24 — From London, Eng- land, the first consignment of English aoples was sent to the Red Sea by G- Hodges, of the Covent Garden Market to Port Sudan. The apples were packed carefully in barrels, containing 120 each, all of the same quality and size. The sorts selected were as follows: Welling- tons, Blenheims, Queenings and Green- ings. 1906 — Largest receipts of calves in one year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 413,269 head. 1906 — Largest receipts of sheep in one, year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 4,805,449 head. Memorandum by the Editor. — It is the intention to publish The Date Book His- tory of Live Stock and Agriculture once a year, improving, correcting and adding to the book every year until it is a. very large volume. The price of this edition is 25 cents for single copies. Five copies for one dollar, or one hundred copies for $15.00. Address and make money orders payable to The Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista avenue. St. Louis, Mo. ■> 4■*^t■^t■^^^^♦♦ ♦^ ^^■■^4^♦♦»»^^^^»»^^♦»»*^^^■♦♦4■»^■♦♦^^♦^■^■^■■^^^^4■^^^^^^^^^^*^^ ^■ ^^^^^^*^^^^^*^^*^^^^^'^^^ The DATE BOOK HISTORY of LIVE STOCK and AGRICULTURE is the enlargement and multiplication of brief items relating to development of the Live Stock and Agricultural History of the World. The intention was to make a short but interesting list of items without publishing a volume of any size. It was first published as a little pocket edition without illustration, and very few of the items occupied more than three lines. In the attempt to grow a little unimportant shrubbery we accidentally planted a Tree of Knowledge, which, having lived and borne fruit for three successive editions, is destined to become the great and lasting record of the Peaceful Industries of Humanity. We have no apology to offer for the scraps of information which are presented in the book. Two-thirds of the items appearing in The Date Book History occurred during the lifetime of the editor and were recorded in the current news and literature of the day. The earlier items we find in so many different compilations that the original source of many facts of history contained in this book is unknown. , This is the edition of 1907. Ic is not com- plete, but IS a useful and interesting book of reference. Use it freely. A better edition v/ill be issued in 1 908. Respectfully submitted by EDITOR AND MANAGER. ?4'4'4'4'*++++++*+*+++***+******* *+**+++***+*****♦****'*•***'**•*'*+++'