JUL 510^ kC y / V .y Cornell University Library HD 9685.U5D4 Descriptions of occupations.Electrical i 3 1924 013 797 927 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING DISTRIBUTION AND MAINTENANCE PREPARED FOR THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS WASHINGTON 1M( Weto ^atk ^tate OPalUge of Agticultuce At a^ocnell Ininecaitg atliaca. JX. f. iCibracy J UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING DISTRIBUTION AND MAINTENANCE PREPARED FOR THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013797927 INDEX A \ Page Armature winder, manufacturing plant. . / 3 Armature winder, repair work 3 B Battery man, storage battery 4 Cable man, chief, underground trolley system 4 Cable man's helper. ' 4 Cable man, street railway underground trolley system 4 Cable puller 4 Cable splicer (light and power) 5 Cable spKcer (telephone, telegraph, fire and poUce signal) 5 Cable tester, power cable 5 Cable tester, telephone, telegraph, or signal cable 6 Crane operator, traveling electric crane 6* E Electrical machine repair man. {See Repair man, electrical machine.) Electric arc welder hand 6 Electric arc welder operator 6 Electric sign frame erector. (See Erector, electric sign frame.) — Electric spot welder hand 7 Electric spot welder operator 7 Electric substation operator. {See Substation operator, electric.) - Emergency man's helper 7 Emergency man, trolley wire, "street railway 7 Erector, electric sign frame 7 Erector foreman or superintendent, radio 31 Erector, tower. {See Tower erector.) F Fixture man, ligljting 8 ForemaQ, installer, telephone, and central station switchboard. {See Installer, foreman, etc.) ' Foreman, interior wireman. {See Wireman, interior, foreman.) Foreman, lead storage battery, auxiliary power plant 8 Foreman, lineman, high-tension light and power. (See Lineman, foreman, etc.) Foreman, lineman, low-tension light and power. {See Lineman, foreman, etc.) - Foreman, lineman, telegraph, telephone, , and signal service. {See ■ Lineman, foreman, etc.) Page Foreman, nickel-iron storage battery, auxiliary pawer plant 9 Foreman, radio station 31 Foreman, storage battery, automobile battery charging. (See Storage battery foreman, automobile battery charging.) Foreman, tower erector. (See Tower erector7 foreman.) Foreman, underground conduit construction r 9 Frame man, telephone circuit distribution 9 G Generator and switchboard tender 10 Ground man 10 H Helper, cabl^ man. {See Cable man's-helper.) Helper, hneman. (See Lineman's helper.) ' Helper,^ radio station 31 Helper, repair man. (See Repair man's helper, street railway motor and truck.) I ' Inspector, electric signs ; . . . . 10 Installer, foreman (telephone, and central station switchboard) .... 11 Installer, foreman (telephone switchboard) 11 Installer, switchboard (central station) 11 Installer, switchboard (private branch exchange) 12 Installer, telephone .....' 12 Instructor, repair man, telephone exchange. {See Repair man in- structor, telephone exchange.) Instructor, telephone operators' school. {See Telephone operator instructor.) ^ L Laborer, electric line construction 12 Leading man, radiq. {See Foreman, radio station.) Lighting and starting man, automobile 12 Lighting fixture man. {See Fixture man, Ughting.) Line construction engineer or superintendent 13 Lineman and wireman, railway signal 13 Lineman, chief, trolley system * 13 Lineman, foreman (high-tension light and power) ^ 14 Lineman, foreman (low-tension light and power) 14 Lineman, foreman (telegraph, telephone, and signal service) 15 Lineman, foreman, trolley system l5 Lineman (high-tension light and power) 15 Lineman (low-tension light and power) 16 Lineman's helper 16 Lineman's, helper, trolley system 16 Lineman, telegraph, telephone and signal 16 Lineman, telegraph, telephone, fire and police signal 17 Lineman, troUey system 17 M Page Maintenance man, light and power ' 17 Moving picture operator 18 O Operator, isolated power plant 18 Operator, telephone. (See Telephone operator.) P Patrolman, high-tension Unes". 18 Patrolman, low-tension lines 19 Patrolman, telegraph, telephone, and signal lines 19 Pole setter 19 Pole setter, foreman : 20 R Radio aid. (See Superintendent, radio station.) Repair and maintenance man, electric crane 20 Repair man, central office telephone exchange 20 Repair man, electrical machine 21 Repair man, general automobile electrical appHances 22 Repair man instructor, telephone exchange 21 Repair man, interlocking and signal service, street railway 22 Repair man, private branch telephone exchange 22 Repair man, radio station 32 Repair man's helper, street railway motor and truck 22 Repair man, street car wiring 22 Repair man, street railway motor and truck 23 Rontgenologist 33 S Searchlight operator 23 Sign wireman. (See Wireman, electric sign.) Skiagrapher (X-ray operator) 33 Stage electrician 23 Storage battery foreman, automobile battery charging 23 Substation operator, electric 24 Substation superintendent. (See Superintendent, substation.) Superintendent or engineer, Une construction. (See Line con- struction engineer or superintendent.) Superintendent, radio station 32 Superintendent, substation. 24 Switchboard installer. (See Installer, switchboard.) Switchboard man, ceintral office, telephone 25 Switchboard operator, substation 25 T Telegrapher, commercial line 25 Telegrapher, radio 32 Telegrapher, railway service 25 VI Page Telephone operator 25 Telephone, operator, chief 26 Telephone operator instructor 26 Telephone operator, junior 26 Tester, telephone switchboard appUances 27 Tower erector 27 Tower erector, foreman 27 Trouble man or trouble shooter (general light and power) 27 Trouble man or trouble shooter (power service) 28 W Winder, armature. {See Armature winder.) ^ , Winder, cylindrical coils 28 Wire chief, district, telephone 28 Wire chief, telephone 29 Wireman and lineman, railway signal. {See Lineman and wire- man, railway signal.) Wireman, electric sign 29 Wireman, house, light 29 Wireman, interior 30 Wireman, interior, foreman 30 X X-ray operator. {See Skiagrapher.) CODE WORDS CODE WORD PAGE _Aisle . . . Ajar.... Akin . . . Alarm . . Allure . . Alter... Bate. . . Cabber. Caddis . Cadent . Calico . . Callus . . Camera Captor. Carbon Carboy Carder . Chess. . Ebb.... Ebony . Echo... Erupt. . Evict.. Evoke. Exact. . Exalt.. Fluid.. Flush. . Flute.. Fob.... Focus . . Fog.... Gloam . Glory, . Haven. Inter. . . Ire 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 7 7 ' 7 31 8 8 9 9 9 31 10 10 31 10 11 CODE WORD Iris .... Irk Iron . . . . Islet.... Legal. . . Lend . . . Lens. . . Level. . , Levy . . . Libel. . . Lieu Life. . . . Light . . Like . . . Lilac . . . Lily.... Lime . . . Limit . . Limp . . , Line . . . Linen . . Lingo. . Link. . . Moist. . Molar.. Organ . . Price . . . Pride . . Prim . . . Print.. Prior. . . Regal. . Relic . . . Remit . Rend . . Renew. Rent . . . PAGE 11 12 11 12 16 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 20 21 21 21 CODE WORD Repay . . . Repel. . . , Reply — Reset Revel ... Rex ■ Rhine ... Rift. . . .^ Spoil Spoke ... Spool — Spoon ... Sport Spot.... Spout . . . Spun .... Stain . . . . Thumb.. Trade... Tree .... .Trend... Trial.... Tribe.... Trice.... Trill...'.. Trim.... Trip..!.. Troop . . . Trump . . Went.... Were Whale... Wharf... Wheat... Wheel... Whey... PAGE 22 22 22 22 23 33 32 22 23 23 24 24 25 25i 33 32 23 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 28 32 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 VII DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS: ELECTRICAL MANU- FACTURING, DISTRIBUTION, AND MAINTENANCE PREPARED FOR THE U. S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE BY THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT These descriptions of occupations are based on investigations, in- cluding private interviews and correspondence, extending over prac- tically the entire United States. The outstanding fact dev>eloped by these investigations is that there are few standard or generally accepted occupational names or definitions. It has been necessary, therefore, for the Bureau of Labor, Statistics to define certain occupational terms and classifications and to assume the acceptance of these definitions by those using the descrip- tions. The bureau is fully aware of the fact that some important occupations have probably been omitted and that in some cases sub- divisions may have been carried too far. These faults can be corrected only by means of suggestions and criticisms arising from the use of the descriptions in filUng positions. The users of these descriptions are urged to send to the Bureau of Labor Statistics all suggestions and criticisms as they arise, so that eventually there may be. developed a national standard of occupational descriptions. Acknowledgment The Bureau of Labor -Statistics wishes to thank all those who have contributed to the compilation of these descriptions. So many indi- viduals and representatives of various organizations have been con- sulted that it is impossible to make special mention of such services. (1) PREFATORY STATEMENT IMPORTANT The objects of these descriptions are to furnish definitions of the various occu- pations, so that specifications for help may be made uniform, and to furnish a means by which the prospective employee may be informed as to the nature of the work he will be expected to do. Each occupation has been described under the most generally accepted title. The descriptions have been carefully prepared with the view of stating clearly and briefly what each occupation requires in the way of performance and quali- fications, so that a foreman or employment manager can readily specify the help wanted and can pick the worker best fitted to fill the position. Without such standard definitions advertisements and appeals from the vari- ous Government departments or from a central employment agency would lose their effectiveness, especially when the recruiting is Nation wide. The statement of actual requirements under the heading of "schooling" does not have reference to those already working, but should be interpreted to mean that no one should enter the specified position at the present time without having the equivalent of the stated schooling. "Common school" signifies the completion of the common school course. Directions for Using Descriptions and Code Words INDEX: In order to find any given occupational description use the index. CODE WORDS: Each description has a code word which, when communicated to any person who has access to these descriptions of occupations, will j|^ble him to ascertain exactly what is called for by referring to the description iifmcated by the code word. (See Code words.) If an employee is wanted who has training sufficient to do work in any two or more occupations described, the code words of these descriptions should be com- bined to indicate the combination of qualifications; for example: The code word designating a GROUND MAN and a POLE SETTER (see pages 10 and 19) would be GLORY-PRINT. (2) DESCRIPTIONS OF OCCUPATIONS ARMATURE WINDER, MANUFACTURING PLANT AISLE Description: The duties of an armature winder in a manufacturing plant are to place formed armature windings into the armature slots and to center terminals to the commutator. Qualifications: He must be thoroughly familiar with the placing of formed coils into the type of armature to which they are to be assigned. He should know the function of insulation, and it is desirable that he know something about the principles of armature and commutators. He should have had experience in armature winding in a large manufacturing plant. Schooling: Common school. Note : It is understood that if a specification calls for an armature winder under the code word for armature winder, manufacturing plant, that the employer is prepared to, and expects to, give the instruction necessary for the winding of the particular type of armature to which the worker is to be assigned. If an armature winder experienced on any particular kind of armature is desired, the name of the type of motor or generator must be added to the code word for armature winder, manufacturing plant. ARMATURE WINDER, MANUFACTURING PLANT (on anna- AJAR tures for motors or generators up to 60 horsepower) ARMATURE WINDER, MANUFACTURING PLANT (on arma- AKIN tures for motors or generators over 50 horsepower) ArSIaTURE WINDER, REPAIR WORK ALARM Description: The duties of the armature winder on repair work are to do all kinds of armature and field coil winding required to rebuild and repair gener- ators and motors. Qualifications : He must be a practical armature and field coil winder, able to make temporary winding forms for any type of armature, field, or rotary coil, either for alternating or direct current anjj for all types of squirrel cage, slip ring, or synchronous motors, and should be thoroughly familiar with wire sizes, insulating materials, varnishes, and other compounds, and should have a good general knowledge of baking and enameling. He should be able to solder all kinds of connections; should be able to make all necessary tests for grounds, short circuits, and for broken wires. He should have had experi- ence equivalent to an apprenticeship with a large general electrical, power, or Ughting service company. Schooling: Common school; preferably some technical training. ARMATURE WINDER, REPAIR WORK (on motors and ALTER generators up to 60 horsepower). (3) ARMATURE WINDER, REPAIR WORK (on motors and ALLURE generators over 60 horsepower) Note: If an armature winder is desired who is to be assigned to work only on motors ranging up to 60 horsepower, or if one is desired who can do work on motors over 60 horsepower, use tiie code word indicating the type of work to which he is to be assigned. BATTERY MAN, STORAGE BATTERY BATE Description: The battery man recharges storage batteries and inspects, renews, and repairs storage battery parts. Qualifications: He should be familiar with the methods of recharging batteries and should have had sufficient experience to know when plates, poles, and chemicals require renewal. Schooling: Common school. CABLEMAN, CHIEF, UNDERGROUND TROLLEY SYSTEM CABBER Description: The chief cableman directs and supervises the operations of cablemen and helpers in looking after feeder connections, conductor bar flared ends, and pick ups at switches on the underground system. He instructs inexperienced helpers and makes a report of all the work done. Qualifications: He must be thoroughly experienced as a cableman and Jdc able to cut cables, make up jumpers, drill holes in the conductor bars and bolt on the jumpers, connect feeders to the conductor bars, wipe lead cable joints, and take care of conductor bar flared ends. He must be physically strong and accustomed^ to work outdoors in all kinds of weather. He must be able to direct and instruct his men and to keep accurate records. Schooling: Common school. CABLEMAN'S HELPER CADDIS Description: The cableman's helper assists the cableman in the installation, maintenance, and repair of feeders, jumpers, and all other cable work. Qualifications: He must have physical strength and endurance, and should have a desire to learn the work of a cableman. Schooling: Common school. CABLEMAN, STREET RAILWAY UNDERGROUND TROLLEY CADENT SYSTEM Description: The cableman installs, maintains, and repairs feeders, feeder connections, junipers and jumper connections, conductor bar flared end.s, and all other cable work on the imdergroimd conduit system, and inspects the equipment that comes within his territory. Qualifications: He should be able to work to drawings, understand line dia- grams, and be familiar with imderground trolley system specifications. He must be able to cut cables, splice cables, put in jumpers, connect in feeders and conductor bars, wipe lead joints, and must be qualified to make a final cable inspection and report. He should have worked as a helper, and should have had considerable experience as s^oumeyman. Schooling: Preferably high school, with some technical training. CABLE PULLER ' CALICO Description: The duty of the cable puller is to pull cable into underground conduits, to attach cable to the sides of buildings, and, if required, to hang heavy cable in interior shafts. Qualifications : He must be able to work to conduit specifications,*! should be able to handle men; should be an expert in the use of tackle and special cable pulling devices; should be able to pull in cable by man power, horsepower, autotruck, or by the use of the windlass; should be able to direct the handling of heavy cable reels, so as to avoid buckling cable. He should have had ex- perience as a cable puller on an extensive underground electric system. Schooling: Common school. CABLE SPLICER (Light and power) CALLUS Description: The duty of the cable spUcer on light and power circuits is to spUce all kinds of cable usually used for power and light circuits. Qualifications: He must be experien/;ed in aU classes of cable work involved in the transmission of electric power and Ught; he must be able to handle light ^ and heavy cables, sohd strand, rubber, cotton or paper insulated, and lead encased cables; he must be able to splice on groimd and. on cable platform; . must be familiar with the u.se of all cable insulating tools and materials, such as clamps, sleeves and tape; must be a good solderer and lead joint wiper; should be able to make connections to terminal boxes; must be able to make any usual installation cable test; should have had experience as a cable Splicer's helper and should have had considerable experience on independent work as a journeyman splicer. Schooling: Common school. CABLE SPLICER (Telephone, telegraph, fire and police signal) CAMERA Description: The duty of the cable spUcer for telephone, telegraph, or signal service is to spUce all kinds of cable used in connection with telephone, tele- graph, and signal systems. Qualifications: He must be able to read drawings and circuit specifications; must be thoroughly familiar with the color systems of designated circuits; must be capable of hanging Ught and heavy cables, solid strand, rubber, cotton, and paper insulated, and armor and lead cables; rriust be able to splice on ground and on cable platform; must be a good solderer, familiar with the kinds of solders and fhixes ased for electric connections; must be able to wipe lead joints; must be skillful in the erection of terminal boxes and connecting cables to same; should be familiar with the methods of cable-line construction employed by the Western Union and the American Telephone and Telegraph systems; should be able to make cable circuit tests; should have had experi- ence on an extensive cable system both as a splicer's helper and as a journey- man splicer. Schooling: Common. school. CABLE TESTER, POWER CABLE CAPTOR Description: It is the duty of the cable tester to determine the safe carr3ring capacity of cable, to measure insulation resistance, to locate high and low resistance faults, to measure copper resistance, and to make continuity tests. Qualifications: He must have a thorough knowledge of electrical measurements and understand cable specifications. He must know how to detect, locate, and correct electrolysis. He should have had considerable experience in testing high-tension cables. Schooling : High school, preferably technical training. CABLE TESTER, POWER CABLE (600 volts and over) CARBON 6 CABLE TESTER, POWER CABLE (Under 600 volts) CARBOY Note. — If a cable tester is desired to test cable carrying both under and over 600 volts, use the code word "Captor." For a tester on cables carrying 600 volts and over, or for one on cable's carrying under 600 volts, use the code word indicating the kind of work to which he is to be assigned. CABLE TESTER, TELEPHONE, TELEGRAPH OR SIGNAL CABLE CARDER Description: The duties of the cable tester on telephone, telegraph, or signal cable are to measure insulation resistance, to detect leaks, to detect, locate, and correct electrolysis, to measure copper resistance, and to make continuity tests. Qualifications: He must have a thorough knowledge of electrical measurements and cable specifications. He must understand the collar system of locating telephone or telegraph circuits. He must be able to test cable and make report of all defects found. He' should have served as a helper and should have had considerable experience as an independent workman. Schooling: High school, preferably some technical training. CRANE OPERATOR, TRAVELING ELECTRIC CRANE CHESS Description: The duties of the traveling electric crane operator are to manipu- late controlling devices of an electric crane in the lifting and shifting of material. Qualifications: The traveling electric crane operator must be able to handle the Ufting devices on the crane and make single or double lifts under the direction of the crane man. In addition he must Icnow how to oil the ma- chinery of the crane and be familiar enough with all the working parts to make reports "when they are not working right. He must be thoroughly familiar with all the signals ased by the crane man. He must be physically fit and alert, must pass an examination for eyesight, color sight, and hearing, and be able to think and act quickly. Schooling: Common school. ELECTRICAL MACHINE REPAIR MAN. {See Repair man, electrical machine.) ELECTRIC ARC WELDER HAND EBB Description: The duties of the electric arc welding hand are the operation of olectric-arc-welding equipment in welding general plate, tank, or frame- work for "building up" and repairs and the clamping and lining up of such work to prepare it for welding. Qualifications: He must be experienced in aU details of arc welding, using either graphite or metal electrodes. He should fully imderstand the use and care of the apparatus and be able to set up and connect to service mains. He should understand cleaning, making r^ady, and clamping to insure cor- rect form and solid work. He should have had experience as an assistant to an electric arc welder and have done considerable independent work. Schooling: Common school. ELECTRIC ARC WELDER OPERATOR ERUPT Description: The electric arc welder rims an arc-welding equipment for the welding of plate, tank, and frames. Qualifications: He must be experienced in the care and use of electric-arc- welding equipment for general plate, tank, and frame work after the parts have been lined up and clamped into position by another workman. He should have had experience as an assistant and considerable experience as an independent'operator. ELECTRIC SIGN FRAME ERECTOR. (See Erector, electric sign frame.) ELECTRIC SPOT WELDER HAND EBONY Description: The duty of the electric spot welder hand is the operation of any standard make or size of electric spot welding machine, on any class of sheet metal or plate work. Qualifications: He must be experienced in the use aild care of electric spot - welders and should have sufficient knowledge of electric wiring and welder construction to keep the equipment in good working order. He should be able to form, set, and adjust contacts, brackets, and supports for any variety of work and fully understand rapid and correct methods of handling to insure - positive welding of simple or intricate pieces. He should have had spot- welding experience in a metal furniture or large sheet-metal-products plant. Schooling: Common school. ELECTRIC SPOT WELDER OPERATOR ECHO Description: The duty of the electric spot welder operator is to operate any standard make or size of electric spot welder on any class of metal or plate work after the work has been lined up and clamped ready for welding. Qualifications: He must be experienced in the use and care of the electric spot welders sufficiently well to know how to complete properly a weld after the set-up of material has been made. He should have had experience as an assistant to a journeyman or expert welder. Schooling: Common school. ELECTRIC SUBSTATION OPERATOR. (See Substation operator, electric.) EMERGENCY MAN'S HELPER EVICT Description: The emergency man's helper does general work in the assistance of the emergency men, for which position he is in training. Qualifications: He must have physical strength and endurance and a desire to learn the work of an emergency man. Schooling: Common school. EMERGENCY MAN, TROLLEY WIRE, STREET RAILWAY EVOKE Description: The duties of the emergency man on trolley wire are to do either permanent or temporary repair work that might be required to keep the car service going. Qualifications: He must be a high tension wireman; must be thoroughly familiar with the hanging and guying of troUey wires, and must thoroughly understand the feeder and booster system. He must understand the methods of splicing trolley wires, be thoroughly familiar with tackle and clamps used in stretching trolley wires, and should have a good general knowledge of electrical measurements. He should have done sufficient high tension work to have become famihar with the danger of high tension circuits. Schooling: Common school. ERECTOR, ELECTRIC SIGN FRAME EXACT Description: The duties of the erector of electric sign frames are to set or h.ang all electric signs made up in the shop and to assemble and erect the larger frames that are put together on the job. Qualifications: He must have a thorough practical knowledge of light steel frame work; must read drawings and be able to use all tools used in Ught steel frame construction, including shears, punches and hand and pneumatic 8 riveters; he should be able to climb and work on scaffolds and should have a thorough knowledge of bracing and staying electric sign frames. He should have had experience as a helper and have done considerable work as a journey- man with a large electric sign company. Schooling: Common school. ERECTOR, TOWER. (See Tower erector.) FIXTURE MAN, LIGHTING * FLUID Description: The duties of the lighting-fixture man are to assemble and install all kinds of interior-lighting fixtures. Qualifications: He must be famiUar with the underwriters' rules and be able to work from fixtures specifications. He must be able to connect all kinds of showers, special lamps, and drop cords, and do all work necessary to install fixtures and place fuses ready for service inspection. He should have had experience as a helper and ^ould have done considerable work as a '- journeyman. Schooling: Common school. FOREMAN, INSTALLER, TELEPHONE, AND CENTRAL STATION SWITCH- BOARD. {See Installer foreman, etc.) FOREMAN, INTERIOR WIREMAN. (See Wireman, interior, foreman.) FOREMAN, LEAD STORAGE BATTERY, AUXILIARY POWER PLANT FLUSH Description: The duties of the foreman in a lead storage battery auxiliary power plant are the operation and upkeep of storage battery equipments of the usual lead ts^pe. Qualifications: He must be an experienced lead battery man, with sufiicient electrical and practical knowledge of the principles and construction of lead tjfpe of storage batteries to set up, connect, mix solutions, fill and empty cells. He must also be a competent lead burner, able to connect up or cut out defective cells with jumper. He must thoroughly understand charging and be able to maintain batteries in permanent operation at maximum efiSciency. He should have a general knowledge of charging apparatus, such as motor generators, rotary converters, mercury arc rectifiers, voltage regu- lators and usual instruments and auxiUary charging apparatus. He should have ability to handle men and should have had an extensive experience as a battery room attendant. Schooling: Conunon school. Note : If a foreman is needed who can take charge of either lead or nickel- iron storage battery outfit, combine the code words for "Foreman, lead storage battery, auxiliary power plant" and "Foreman, nickel-iron storage battery, auxiliary power plant." '*" FOREMAN, LINEMAN, HIGH-TENSION LIGHT AND POWER. (See Line- man, foreman, etc.) FOREMAN, LINEMAN, LOW-TENSION LIGHT AND POWER. (See Lineman, foreman, etc.) FOREMAN, LINEMAN, TELEGRAPH, TELEPHONE, AND SIGNAL SERVICE. (See Lineman, foreman, etc.) FOREMAN, NICKEL-IRON STORAGE BATTERY, AUXILIARY FLUTE POWER PLANT Description: The duties~of^the foreman in'a'mckel-iron storage battery auxil- iary power plant are the operation and upkeep of a large storage battery equipment of the usual nickel-iron type. Qualifications: He must be an experienced nickel-iron battery man, with sufficient electrical and practical knowledge of the principles and construc- tion of nickel-iron type of storage batteries to set up, connect, mix solutions, fill and empty cells. He must also understand connecting up and cutting out defective cells with clamp jumpers. He must thoroughly understand charging and be able to maintain batteries in permanent operation at maxi- mum efficiency. He should have a general knowledge of charging apparatus, such as motor generators, rotary converters, mercury arc rectifiers, voltage regulators and usual instruments and auxiliary charging apparatus. He should have ability to handle men. He should have had extensive experience as a battery room attendant. x, Schooling: Common school; preferably a thorough technical knowledge of storage batteries. Note: If a foreman is desired who can. take charge of either nickel-iion or lead storage battery outfit, combine the code words for "Foreman, lead storage battery, auxiliary power plant" and "Foreman, nickel-iron storage battery, auxiliary power plant." FOREMAN, STORAGE BATTERY, AUTOMOBILE BATTERY CHARGING. (See Storage battery foreman, automobile battery charging.) FOREMAN, TOWER ERECTOR. {See Tower erector, foreman.) FOREMAN, UITOERGROUND CONDUIT CONSTRUCTION FOB Description : The duties of the foreman in the underground conduit construction crew are to supervise the laying of all sizes and kinds of vitrified and fiber con- duit tile, putting in and connecting up manholes, and preparing lines ready to receive the cable. Qualifications: He must be a physically strong man,- able to endure outside work, and must be able to work from drawings; must understand conduit specifications; must be able to make orders for materials, be able to see that material is distributed properly along the line of the underground conduit, and to inspect all work to make sure that the Une is ready to receive the cable. He must be able to direct the work of bricklayers, tile layers, and cement workers. He should have been a worker or helper in an underground con- duit crew for a large telephone or power company and should have done con- siderable work as a foreman. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school. FRAME MAN, TELEPHONE CIRCUIT DISTRIBUTION FOCUS Description: The duties of the frame man on the distribution of telephone circuits consist of connecting the cable terminals with the distributing frame and in disconnecting or rearranging circuits, whether for new lines or in the repair of old cables. He also assists the test-desk operator in making tests and locating trouble on subscribers' lines within the central office. Qualifications: He must be thoroughly famihar with distributing-board con- nections, must understand the color system of locating telephone circuits and must be famihar with the operation of relays, ringing and listening keys 10 and with operators' tests. He must be keen to detect trouble arising from loose connections and grounds, both on the line, in relay contacts, and in telephone transmitter and receiver contacts. Schooling: High school. GENERATOR AND SWITCHBOARD TENDER GLOAM Description: The duties of the generator and switchboard tender are the opera- tion and care of generators, switchboards, switches, and all auxiliary electrical apparatus of a central power or lighting station. Qualifications: He should have had a thoroughly practical experience as a dynamo and switchboard tender in a central power station or power plant or a large manufacturing plant. He must be thoroughly familiar with general mechanical and electric operating details of a large direct or alternating current generator, two or three phase, for low or moderately high tension circuits. He should be able to adjust brushes, operate all the switches and controlling devices on a switchboard, and make minor repairs and adjustments to panel equipment and circuits. He must be particularly familiar with the con- struction of the various kinds of knife and oil switches, circuit breakers, and switchboard instruments; also be able to care for power and distributing switches. He should have had a general experience as an emergency switch- board repair man and should be able to read and understand wiring diagrams. He must be able to locate grounds and short circuits; must have a thorough knowledge of electric wire sizes and insulation and should have had .some general experience as a wire man. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school. GROUND MAN GLORY Description: The duties of the ground man are to handle poles, distribute material along the Une, assist in raising poles, handle cable and wire reels, and assist in erecting poles. Qualifications: He must be an able-bodied man, willing to work in almost any capacity required in a telephone line crew that does not require pole climbing. He is usually promoted from the better laborers. Schooling: He should be able to read and write English; preferably a common school education. HELPER, CABLEMAN. (See Cable man's helper.) HELPER, LINEMAN. {See Lineman's helper.) HELPER, REPAIR MAN. (5ee Repair man's helper, street railway motor and truck.) INSPECTOR, ELECTRIC SIGI*S INTER Description: The duties of the inspector on electric sign work are to inspect electric signs in a prescribed district and report necessary repairs and altera- tions to the proper authorities. Qualifications: He must be a thoroughly practical journeyman lineman; must be thoroughly famiUar with rotary intermittent switches, driving motors, and the make-up of special sign circuits. He should be able to climb and should have had experience as a journeyman electric sign lineman. Schooling: Preferably high school. 11 INSTALLER, FOREMAN (Telephone, and central station switchboard) IRE Description: The duties of the foreman installer of telephones and switch- boards are to install and to supervise the installation of telephones and switch- boards and to inspect and approve the final installation. Qualifications: He must be able to work from drawings and line diagrams; must be thoroughly famiUar with wire specifications, have a thorough knowl- edge of underwriters' rules, be able to supervise the work of connecting the Une cable terminal, spUcing in cable with connecting frame. He must have a thorough knowledge of switchboard construction, including cords, jacks, plugs, keys, switchboard signals, and the various methods of circuit wiring. He should be able to handle men, and to order and check all necessary stock and materials. He should be neat in personal appearance and courteous and tactful in meeting the company's patrons. He should have had an extensive experience as an installer of telephone switchboards with a large telephone company. Schooling: Preferably technical training. INSTALLER FOREMAN (Telephone switchboard) IRIS Descriptions: The duty of a telephone switchboard installer foreman is to super- vise the installation of all central and private branch exchange switchboards within a prescribed district. Qualifications: He must be a thorough, practical switchboard installer; must be able to work from drawings and wiling diagrams. He must thoroughly understand switchboard and wiring specifications, and be thoroughly famiUar with underwriters' rules. He must be able to supervise spUcing in of cables and distributing cable connections over the distributing board. He must be thoroughly familiar with trunk-Une connections between the various panels of a large board. He must be able to inspect and adjust all parts of the system from the pole terminal to the cords, plugs, jacks, relays, keys, and signal devices. He should have had experience as a journeyman installer with a large telephone company. He should be able to handle men. Schooling: Preferably technical training. INSTALLER, SWITCHBOARD (Centi-al station) IRON Description: The duties of the central telephone switchboard installer are to install the various panels of a central station switchboard that has been assembled in the factory. Qualifications: He must be able to work from drawings and wiring diagrams and have a thorough knowledge of switchboard specifications. He must be thoroughly acquainted with underwriters' rules. He must understand placing and joining panels; must be able to connect outside cable terminals. He should be able to splice in the cable terminal, or connect it to the distributing board. He must understand the color system of locating telephone currents; must be able to test out cable for short circuit or for broken wire. He must be thoroughly famiUar with switchboard wiring and apparatus, including cords, plugs, jacks, keys, switches, and relays, and must be famihar with trunk systems of connecting the various panels. He should be able to install bat- teries and bell systems; should have had an extensive experience as a private branch exchangp switchboard installer and as a cable sphcer as well as general experience as a large switchboard installer. Schooling: Preferably high school with some technical training. 12 INSTALLER, SWITCHBOARD (Private branch exchange) IRK Description: The duty of the switchboard installer for the private branch ex- change is to install a telephone switchboard that has previously been assembled in the factory. Qualifications : He must be able to work from drawings and to Une diagrams and must thoroughly understand switchboard specifications. He must under- stand setting panels, making connections with outside terminal boxes, splicing in a terminal cable, and should be able to connect cable to distributing board. He must be able to test all relays, jacks, plugs, cords, switches, keys, and all protecting devices. He should have a thorough knowledge of the s-nitchboard wiring systems. He should have an equivalent of an apprenticeship and should have done considerable work as a journeyman with a large telephone company. Schooling : Common school ; preferably high school with some technical training. INSTALLER, TELEPHONE ISLET Description: The duty of the telephone installer Ls to install telephones com- plete, including outside cable connections. Qualifications: He must be a competent knob and cleat wireman; must know the underwriters' rules; be able to work from drawings and wiring diagrams and to do all exterior and interior wiring necessary to connect the telephone ready for use. He must be able to test out bell circuits; must be thoroughly famiUar with the telephone construction so that he can make all adjustments necessary to leave the telephone ready for service. He should be neat and courteous and be able to enter liomes and business houses and represent the company. lie should have had experience as a helper or as an apprentice and should have had considerable work as a journeyman installer in a large telephone system. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school. INSTRUCTOR, REPAIR MAN, TELEPHONE EXCHANGE. (See Repair man instructor, telephone exchange.) INSTRUCTOR, TELEPHONE OPERATORS' SCHOOL. (See Telephone op- erator instructor.) LABORER, ELECTRIC LINE CONSTRUCTION LEND Description: A man employed as a laborer in outdoor electric line construction maj' be assigned to any one of the following jobs: Posthole digging; dis- tribution of poles; assisting in the erecting of polos; digging trenchos for underground conduit lines; tending masons engaged in building manholes or lajdng conduit tile. Qualifications : He should be a strong man capable of doing heavy outside work. Schooling: He should be able to read and write English. LIGHTING AND STARTING MAN, AUTOMOBILE LENS Description: The duties of the Ughting and starting man are the supervising of installation and repair of aU types of starting and lighting equipments for automobiles. Qualifications: He must be thoroughly experienced with all standard types and makes of starting motors and Ughting generators, and have expert detail knowl- edge of small motor and generator construction. He must be able to install such equipment on new cars, and be able to overhaul damaged cars and test 13 for broken wires, short circuits, and loose commutator bars; must be able to dress commutators, set brushes, and make all necessary adjustments and repairs to the electrical starting and lighting equipment of any type of auto- mobile. He must have had thorough general experience of this sort in a large automobile plant, with manufacturer of small motors and generators, or with a large service station. LIGHTING FIXTURE MAN. {See Fixture man, Ughting.) LINE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER OR SUPERINTENDENT LEVEL Description: It is the duty of the Une construction engineer or superintendent to design and lay out all phases of the electric-Hne construction, both over- head lines and underground conduit lines. Qualifications: He should be a draftsman and should be a specification writer; should be thoroughly famUiar with the requirements of all kinds of outdoor electrical distribution for light, power, telephone, telegraph, and signal cir- cuits; must be thoroughly familiar with the interference of electric circuits and with the methods of overcoming same; must understand electric line and thoroughfare crossovers; must be able to supervise the placing of all materials and electrical devices including pole Une, conduit and manhole construction, setting and connecting transformers, switches, cut-outs, dLstributing boxes, on single phase, two phase, and three phase circuits. He must have a thor- ough knowledge of direct and alternating current requirements; should have a good general knowledge of electrical engineering and electrical service re- quirements; should have had experience equivalent to an apprenticeship, and should have worked as a journeyman and as foreman on extensive electrical- Une construction. Schooling: He should be a graduate electrical engineer who has specialized in line construction work. LINEMAN AND WIREMAN, RAILWAY SIGNAL LEVY Description: The signal Uneman and wireman does electric light wiring and connects up motors which operate signals and automatic switch throwing devices used in connection with the maintenance and operation of block sig- nals in electric interlocking plants. Qualifications: The electric lineman and wireman of a railway signal system, switch throwing automatic block signals and electrical interlocking plants, must be a journeyman electric Uneman and interior wireman who has special- ized on the electrical requirements of railway systems. He must read plans and must work to wire dimensions; he should have a general laiowledge of electric signals and railway signal specifications. He must be an able pole- top worker; must be able to do interior wiring in conduit or with knob and tube work; must be able to connect up motors, batteries, and electric inter- locking switches. Should have had experience equivalent to an apprentice- ship and should have had considerable experience as a journeyman signal man on a large trunk line railway. Schooling: High school; preferably some technical training. . LINEMAN, CHIEF, TROLLEY SYSTEM LIBEL Description: The duties of the chief lineman on an electrical street railway system are to supervise the work of linemen and helpers on installation work in a prescribed district. 14 Qualifications: He must be able to work to drawings and should be able to make a layout for guy wires and electric wires, including trolley feeders, cross- overs and branch connections. He must understand the interference of cir- . cuits and how to correct them ; should know how to make crossovers of electric lines and thoroughfares and have a thorough knowledge of high tension insu- lation. He should have had experience as a lineman and as a foreman. He should have had considerable experience in handling men. Schooling: Preferably technical school graduate. LINEMAN, FOREMAN (High-tension light and power) LIEU Description: It is the duty of the lineman foreman on high-tension light and power circuits to put in place and supervise the placing of all wires, light- ning arresters, transformers, terminals, and all other appliances for circuits above 240 volts and to make the line ready for service connections. Qualifications: He should be able to read drawings and work to drawings and specifications; should imderstand the i Cringing and placing of wires and cables carrying circuits up to 60,000 '^olts; should understand ground wir- ing, cut outs, shunts, and jump overs; should be an able chmber and tower top worker; should have a thorough knowledge of cable and wire stretching devices; should be able to direct the work of splicing and stringing stepl cables; should understand the placing of terminals, distributing boxes, cut outs, lightning arresters, transformers, and all other appUances located on poles; should be thoroughly familiar with the interference of circuits and with the methods of avoiding the same. He should have a thorough knowl- edge of insulation requirements of high-tension circuits; should know how to make aU electric line and thoroughfare crossovers; should be able to handle men and should have a general knowledge of all service requirements and connections; should have had experience on extensive line construction equivalent to an apprenticeship and coiLsiderable experience as a journeyman. Schooling: High school; preferably technical training. LINEMAN, FOREMAN (Low-tension light and power) LIFE Description: It is the duty of the lineman foreman on low-tension light and power circuits to put in place and supervise the placing of wires, Ughtning arresters, transformers, terminals, and other appUances required on circuits up to and including 240 volts. Qualifications: He must be able to work from drawings and specifications and wire layouts. He must be able to order aU materials and direct their dis- tribution along the Une; must be an able pole climber and pole top worker and must understand all wire and cable stretching devices. He should be able to spUce or supervise the spUcing of steel cable; must understand the placing of terminals, distributing boxes, Ughtning arresters, transformers, and other devices located on poles and which are necessary to place the Une in readiness to receive service connections. He should have a general knowl- edge of the interference of high and low tension circuits with signal service, telephone or telegraph lines; should be famiUar with crossovers with other electric Unes and thoroughfares. He should have a general knowledge of the requirements of service connections with the Une and should have had experience equivalent to an apprenticeship and considerable experience as a journeyman and foreman on line construction work. Schooling: High school; preferably some technical training. 15 LINEMAN, FOREMAN (Telegraph, telephone and signal service) LIGHT Description: The duties of the foreman of line construction on telegraph, telephone, or signal system are to erect and superintend the erection of pole lines for any sort of telegraph, telephone, or signal service. Qualifications: He should be able to read drawings and specifications suffi- ciently well to order all tools, electrical appliances, and materials necessary for the erection of any line; he must understand distributing materials so that he can order quickly and accurately all supplies delivered to any part of the construction line; he must be famiUar with pole setting and guying, placing of cross arms and insulators, making of crossovers for other electric lines and for highways; should be thoroughly familiar with the placing of all lightning arresters, cut-outs, transformers, and all other terminals mounted on poles; must be able to check all work and turn the line over to the service division completely ready for making final service connections; should be able to handle men; should be an able, skillful pole cUmber and worker on pole top. He should have had considerable experience as a lineman and should have had'some experience in handling Uien. Schooling: Preferably high school with technical training. LINEMAN, FOREMAN, TROLLEY SYSTEM LIKE Description: The duty of the foreman lineman is to supervise the installation of the trolley lines from the setting of the poles to the final service inspection. Qualifications: He must be able to work to drawings and line diagrams, be thoroughly famiUar with trolley Une specifications, and must be able to direct the setting of poles so as to stand straight or side pull. He must be thoroughly famiUar with the placing of guy wires, both for poles and for sustaining the trolley wire on curves and at switches, crossovers, and branch lines, and must be thoroughly familiar with all methods of attaching the wire to the sustaining cables and with the method of insulating same. He must be able to make splices on trolley wire and make the final service -in- spection of the line. He should have worked as a Uneman with an exten- sive trolley line system and should have had considerable experience in direct- ing the work. Schooling: High schoat; preferably technical training. LINEMAN (High-tension light and power) LILY Description: It is the duty of the lineman on high-tension light and power circuits to put into place all wires, Ughtning arresters, transformers, terminals, and all other pole Une appUances for circuits up to 60,000 volts and to do all the work necessary to make the Une ready for service coimections. •Qualifications: He should be able to work to drawings, wire diagrams, and elec- trical specifications. He should imderstand the stringing and placing of aU wires; be thoroughly famiUar with the insulating requirements of high-ten- sion circuits; be an able climber and scaffold worker; and understand the names, care, and use of aU cable wire stringing tackles and stretching devices. He should be able to spUce steel cable; understand the placing of terminals, and the connecting in of distributing boxes, Ughtning arresters, cut-outs, trans- formers, and such other equipment located on towers or poles as are necessary to place the Une in readiness to receive service connections. He should be able to work on Uve circuits; understand the use of shimts and jumpers' and be thor- oughly aware of the dangers of high tension circuits both to himself and others. He should have had experience on extensive high tension line construction 16 equivalent to an apprenticeship and should have had considerable experience as a journeyman. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school with some technical training. LINEMAN (Low tension light and power) LIME Description: It is the duty of the lineman on low-tension power and light cir- cuits to put into place all wires, lightning arresters, transformers, terminals, and other appliances on circuits up to and including 240 volts and to make the line ready for service connections. Qualifications: He should be able to read drawings and specifications; should understand stringing and placing of wires; should be an able pole climber and worker on pole tops; should understand all wire and cable stretching devices; should be able to spUce steel cable; should imderstand the placing of terminals, distributing boxes, lightning arresters, transformers ai^ all other devices usually located on poles, which are necessary to place the line in readiness to receive service connections. He should have had experience on extensive line construction equivalent to an apprenticeship and considerable experience as a journeyman. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school with some technical train- ing. . LINEMAN'S HELPER LIMIT Description: The duties of the lineman's helper are to carry tools and materials and assist the lineman as directed. Qualifications: He should be a young man physically able to endure outside work; should have a desire to become a lineman; and should be willing to pursue a, course of study along the hne of electrical specifications and materials generally used in line construction and the reading of wire diagrams. Schooling: Common school; preferably trade school or technical high school. LINEMAN'S HELPER, TROLLEY SYSTEM LILAC Description: The duty of the lineman's helper on a street railway troUey system is to assist the lineman as directed. Qualifications: He should be physically able to endure outdoor work; should have some knowledge of electrical measurements; and should be taught the dangers in high tension circuits when they are allowed to become grounded or short circuited in any way. He should be willing to pursue a course of study in electricity. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school. LINEMAN, TELEGRAPH, TELEPHONE, AND SIGNAL LEGAL Description: The lineman on railway telegraph, telephone, and signal work must be able to string all kinds of signal, telephone and telegraph lines, and be able to make all terminal connections. Qualifications: He must be able to read electrical wiring drawings and speci- fications, must understand the proper methods of insulating telephone, 'telegraph, and signal wires; must know the functions of transformers, light- ning arresters and terminal boxes, and must have a thorough knowledge of connecting the same. He should have had considerable experifence as a Uneman, particularly on railway work. Schooling: Common school; preferably trade school or technical high school. 17 LINEMAN, TELEGRAPH, TELEPHONE, FIRE AND POLICE SIGNAL LINE DescripBon: Th6 duties of the lineman on telegraph, telephone, fire and police signal lines are to string wires and adjust insulators, put in ground wires, set up pole terminals and lightning arresters, and, under the direction of a foreman, to do all other work necessary to prepare a Une for service. Qualifications: He must be skilled in the use of wire stringing equipment, such as tackle and special stretching devices; he must know how to hang and splice steel cables for supporting electric cables; and be familiar with the installation of all terminals, lightning arresters, line cut-outs, and distributing boxes lo- cated on poles. He should be an able cUmber and pole top worker and should have had experience equivalent to an apprenticeship or as a journeyman working on an extensive wiring system for a large telegraph or telephone company, or on a municipal fire and pohce signal system. Schooling: Common school; preferably some technical training. LINEMAN, FlRE AND POLICE SIGNAL LINGO LINEMAN, TELEGRAPH LINEN LINEMAN, TELEPHONE LINK Note. — If a lineman is desired who is to be assigned to telephone or tele- graph or fire and police signal lines exclusively, use the code word indicating the type of work to which he is to be assigned. LINEMAN, TROLLEY SYSTEM LIMP Description: The duties of the Uneman on a street railway trolley line are to hang trolley wires, cut in feeders, and do all work necessary to make the line ready for service. Qualifications: He must be able to work to wire diagrams and should have a thorough knowledge of guying and hanging trolley wire, making turns, putting in junctions, connecting transformers, Ughtning arresters and feeders. He must be skilled in the use of a street railway electric line equipment; must be able to do climbing or work from an elevated scaffold; must do trolley wire splicing and any other work required to make the line ready for service. He should have worked as a helper and should have had con- siderable experience as a journeyman. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school. MAINTENANCE MAN, LIGHT AND POWER MOIST Description: The duties of the electrical maintenance man are to inspect, adjust, and make minor repairs in lighting and power circuits and equipment for a factory, hotel, office building, or other large building. Qualifications: He must be able to read drawings and work from wiring dia- grams and should have a good general knowledge of underwriters' rules. He must have a thorough knowledge of direct and alternating current equipment for plant or factory. He must understand the operating and upkeep of generators, motors, switchboards, switches, and cut-outs, and must be es- pecially proficient with the replacing of time and hne fuses for single, two- phase, and three-phase circuits. He must be able to adjust motor and generator brushes and to make all minor repairs and adjustments. He must keep all power and hght equipment in good working order. He should be able to detect trouble and report same to the general repair department. He should have had experience as a maintenance man in a plant with a large general electrical equipment. Schooling: Preferably high school with some technical training. 18 MOVING PICTURE OPERATOR MOLAR Description: The duties of the moving picture operator are the operation and care of all apparatus used for projection of moving pictures. Qualifications: He must be thoroughly experienced and capable of operating and maintaining in good order the various commercial types of moving picture machines and auxiliary apparatus. He must be capable of handling winding machines and joining positive fihns. He must have a thorough kncwledge of condensing and lens system. He must be thoroughly familiar with the operation of the electric arc, replacing carbons and fuses, handling small motors and generators, and wiring moving picture transformers, converters, rectifiers, and gas lamps. He must be capable of setting up projection machines and sheets for showing pictures. He must have had similar experience in a theater or with a portable show or circus or a moving picture outfit, OPERATOR, ISOLATED POWER PLANT ORGAN Description: The duties of the operator in an isolated power plant are the operation of small and moderate sized steam, gasoline or oil engine driven electric generating outfits up to 200 kilowatt output, either portable or sta- tionary. Qualifications: He must be an experienced small plant operating engineman, capable of taking entire charge of a small power or lighting plant. Must have a thorough knowledge of small portable or semiportable boilers, feed pumps, piping, boiler firing, upkeep and repair. Must be familiar with small steam engines, gasoline and oil engines, direct connected or belted, their operation and upkeep, including valve and bearing adjustments, and opera- tion and repair of auxiliary apparatus. Must be able to operate small direct current and alternating current generators and motors, able to dress com- mutators and have sufficient general electrical knowledge to keep them in thorough working condition. Must understand small switchboards, starters, and controllers and have had some practical experience in wiring to connect up motors and other operating electrical equipments. Should also have some knowledge of storage batteries, their charging, operation and maintenance. OPERATOR, TELEPHONE. {See Telephone operator.) PATROLMAN, HIGH-TENSION LINES PRICE Description: The duties of the patrolman on high-tension lines are the inspec- tion and maintenance of high-tension light and power transmission pole and tower line circuits ranging up to 60,000 volts. Qualifications: He must be able to work to drawings and to line^ specifications; must be skilled in the details of erection of high-tension pole and tower lines on single, two, or three phase circuits up to and including 60,000 volts; must be able to work independently and be able to locate grounds, short circuits, breaks and defects in any part of the cable or wire line. He must understand putting in shunts and jumpers, and be able to repair minor de- fects on live circuits without interrupting the service. He should have a thorough knowledge of high-tension pole construction, such as brackets, insulators, guy wires, Ughtning arresters and groimd wires. He should be familiar with the interference of circuits and should understand the making of crossovers both for electric lines and thoroughfares. He must be thor- oughly familiar with all service connections, transformers, cut-outs, terminals ahd safety appliances. He must have a thorough understanding of the 19 danger of highrtension circuits, both to himself and to others; should be able to direct the work of helpers; should have had extensive experience as a jour- neyman lineman, and should have worked as a' patrolman helper. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school with some technical training. PATROLMAN, LOW-TENSION LINES PRIDE Description : The duties of the low-tension electric line patrolman are the inspection and maintenance of all light or power transmission pole lines carrying up to 240 volts. Qualifications: He must be a thoroughly experienced lineman, skilled in the use of tools in the erection of all classes of low-tension lines for single, two or three phase circuits up to 240 volts. He must be able to work independ- ently, to locate and detect breaks, and to check all cables and insulators so as to prevent breaks. He should have a thorough knowledge of 6,11 service requirements, including transformers, distributing boxes, lightning ar- resters, cut-outs and switches. He must know how to run in jumpers and shunts, be able to work on Uve circuits without interrupting the service, and should know how to use magnetos, Wheatstone bridge, and other testing sets to locate grounds, short or broken circuits, and must make reports to special departments concerning any line condition that needs attention. He should have had experience as a lineman and have done considerable line repair work as a patrolman. He should be able to direct the work of helpers. Schooling: Preferably trade school or technical training. PATROLMAN, TELEGRAPH, TELEPHONE AND SIGNAL LINES PRIM Description: The duty of the patrolman on telegraph, telephone and signal lines is to inspect and maintain in good working condition any line of service for telegraph, telephone or signal system. Qualifications: He must be a thoroughly experienced telegraph, telephone, and signal lineman; must be able to work from drawings and from hne specifica- tions; must have a thorough knowledge of Western Union and American Telephone and Telegraph standard line practices; must be thoroughly familiar with general pole hne construction, such as setting poles, anchoring and guying poles, setting and bracing cross-arms and placing of insulators; must be thoroughly experienced in the interference of light and power circuits with telegraph, telephone, and signal circuits; must be able to put in branch lines, connect lightning arresters, terminal boxes, and cut-outs; and should have a good knowledge of faultfinding and trouble rectifying; should be able to use standard line tests; should have had experience as a journeyman lineman on telegrap^j, telephone or signal work, and should have worked as a patrolman's helper. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school with some technical training. POLE SETTER PRINT Description : The duties of the pole setter are to erect poles, under the direc- tion of a foreman, for electric hues for any purpose; to place cross-arms and insulators, and to do all work necessary to make the pole line ready for the stringing of the wires. Qualifications: The pole setter must be able to upend poles and to set them so as to sustain straight and side pull. He must be thoroughly familiar with all methods of pole guying, tamping with earth and rock, or setting in cement, 20 either wood or metal poles. He should be familiar with pole erecting tools and with the various clamps used on guy wires and cables and with the method of setting guy-wire anchors; should be able to climb poles and work on pole top and should have had experience in a pole erecting crew for a large telephone, telegraph, light, or power company. Schooling: Common school. POLE SETTER, FOREMAN PRIOR Description: The duties of the pole setter foreman are to erect and supervise the erection of wood or metal poles, the placing of cross-arms and insulators, and to do all other work necessary to make a pole Une ready for the stringing of electric wires for any kind of an electric circuit. Qualifications : The pole setter foreman must be able to upend poles and set poles so that they will sustain straight or side pull. He must thoroughly , understand tamping poles with earth and rock and understand setting in cement. He should be thoroughly famiUar with all pole erecting and hole digging tools and with all wire and cable stretching tackle and devices. He must understand the methods of guying poles with wire and cable, including the setting of anchors for same. He must be able to set and brace cross-arms so that they will stand straight or side pull, and must understand the use and setting of insulators. He should have abiUty to handle men, should be able to climb poles and to work on pole tops, and should have had experience as an assistant in a pole erecting crew on extensive outdoor distribution work, such as large telephone, telegraph, electric light, or power system. He should have also had some experience as foreman. Schooling: Common school; preferably trade or technical high school. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE MAN, ELECTRIC CRANE REGAL Description : The duties of the repair and maintenance man on an electric crane are the supervision of repairs and maintenance of traveUng overhead, shop, yard and dock gantry traveling or boom electrically operated cranes. Qualifications: He must be a thoroughly experienced and practical installing electrician and machinist, famiUar with the mechanical and electrical con- struction of electric cranes in general, and able to rig and erect completely large overhead or gantry types of cranes, derricks and monorail systems. Must be able to work to drawings, and be a competent rigger; able to erect and assemble machine and electrical portions, including carriages, drums, roping, gearing motors, starters, controllers, rheostat sets, trolleys and wiring for either direct or alternating current types. Must be able to operate and maintain completely the crane equipment of a large shop or yard, dock or ship unloading system. Should have had wide, general experience as crane electrician or erector with a crane manufacturer, or as maintenance man with a large machine shop, shipyard or freight terminal. REPAIR MAN, CENTRAL OFFICE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE REMIT Description: The duties of the repair man in a central office exchange consist of locating and clearing trouble in connection with subscribers' stations and central office exchange apparatus. He must also make changes in the sub- scribers' line wires at cable terminals in connection with cable rearrangements and in replacing defective conductors. Qualifications: He must be able to read drawings, follow Une diagrams, and should be familiar with the switchboard specifications. He must have a thorough practical knowledge and should have a technical knowledge of 21 switchboard assembly and maintenance. and should be able to test, detect, and overcome trouble in cords, plugs, jacks, switches, ringing and listening keys, interior wire circuits, distributing boards, relays, transmitters, and re- ceivers. He should be expert in locating trouble through subscribers' fault- finding and should have worked as a telephone wireman, as a switchboard man in a private branch exchange, and should have had an extensive ex- perience in a large central exchange. Schooling: Preferably technical graduate. REPAIR MAN, ELECTRICAL MACfflNE REND Description: The duties of the electrical machine repair man are to do general repair work on electrical machinery, not including armature and coil winding. Qualifications: He must be a lathe hand and machine fitter who has speciahzed on electrical repair work. He should be able to work to drawings; should have a working knowledge of general electrical appliances. He must be able to take down and repair, and assemble all mechanical parts "of motors and generators. He must be able to babbitt boxes, line up armature shafts, turn down comm.utators and do all other work necessary to put motors or gen- erators in good working condition. He must be able to direct the work of helpers and also direct the use of hand or power cranes. He should have had an all-round experience as an electrical repair man with a concern having a large electrical installation. Schooling: High school; preferably some technical training. REPAIR MAN INSTRUCTOR, TELEPHONE EXCHANGE RELIC Description : The duties of the repair man instructor consist of instructing new and old employees of the maintenance division in new and improved practices of the business. He has full charge of the maintenance school and teaches a class of from 8 to 10 employees continuously. Qualifications: He should have been a thoroughly competent central office switchboard and private branch exchange repair man. He should be able to read drawings and wire diagrams, be thoroughly familiar with electrical speci- fications and have a detailed practical and technical knowledge of switchboard maintenance and repairs, including such details as cords, plugs, jacks, ringing and listening keys, relays, single and trunk line panel connections, distributing boards, lightning arresters and all other controlling and operating devices. He must be an expert in subscribers' line tests and a thorough student of telephone affairs in general, and be a competent teacher. He should have had extensive experience as a private branch and central oflSce switchboard . man. Schooling: Preferably an electrical .engineer who has specialized on telephone operation and maintenance work. REPAIR MAN ON MOTORS AND GENERATORS UP TO RENEW 50 HORSEPOWER REPAIR MAN ON MOTORS AND GENERATORS OVER RENT 60 HORSEPOWER Note. — If an electrical machine repair man is desired who is to be assigned to work on motors and generators ranging up to 60 horsepower, or if one is desired who can do work on motors over 60 horsepower, use the code word indicating the type of work to which he is to be assigned. 22 REPAIR MAN, GENERAL AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICAL APPLUNCES REPAY Description: The duties of the general automobile repair man are the installa- tion and repair of all electrical apparatus employed on automobiles. Qualifications: He inust be thoroughly experienced with all standard forms of- magnetos, generators, ignition systems, electric starting and hghting systems, storage batteries, and car wiring. He must have a thorough knowledge of distributors, on high and low tension systems, and must be able to test, locate troubles, and completely overhaul and repair. Must be able to install or repair various types of generators and starting motors, and be able to detect broken wires, short circuits, and imperfect commutators; should under- stand car lighting and be able to replace defective parts, or make adjustments and repairs. Should have knowledge of all kinds of small motor or generator repairs and wiring. Should have had some experience with the use and repair of storage batteries. REPAIR MAN, INTERLOCKING AND SIGNAL SERVICE, REPLY STREET RAILWAY Description: The duties of the interlocking and signal repair man on street rail- way service are to keep switches, mechanical and electrical signals, and inter- locking machines in repair, properly adjusted and greased. Qualifications: He should have a thorough knowledge of signal and interlocking devices and should be thoroughly familiar with electrically operated switches and with ihterlocking devices and machines. He must be able to take out and replace parts and keep the system in operating order. He should have worked as an assistant to a repair man and should have done considerable independent work. Schooling: Common school. REPAIR MAN, PRIVATE BRANCH TELEPHONE EXCHANGE RESET Description : The duties of the repair man, private branch exohange,'are to locate and clear trouble In all private branch exchanges in the district to which he is assigned. He must also shift lines and rearrange cables both in connection with new lines and replacing of defective conductors. Qualifications: He should be thoroughly famiUar with switchboard specifica- tions; mast have a thorough practical knowledge and should have a technical knowledge of transmitters and receivers, cords, plugs, jacks, distributing boards, relays, cable connections, and general telephone and switchboard wiring systems. He should have worked as a wireman and should have graduated from an exchange instructor's class. Schooling: High school; preferably technical training. REPAIR MAN'S HELPER, STREET RAILWAY MOTOR AND REPEL TRUCK Description: The duties of the repair man's helper on street railway motors and trucks are to assist the repair man in removing car bodies, dismantling, repair- ing, and reassembUng trucks and motors. Qualifications : He must be physically strong and should have a desire to become a journeyman repair man. He should understand the general principles of motor construction and have some knowledge of electrical measurements and insulation, or should be wilhng to pursue a course of study along these lines. Schooling: Common school; preferably trade or technical school. REPAIR MAN, STREET CAR WIRING MFT Description: The repair man on a .street car wiring system connects in and repairs motors, knock-out switches, hghting and bell circuits, and controller circuits. 23 Qualifications: He must be an experienced wireman who has specialized on street car wiring and must be familiar with fuse boxes, knook-out switches, light switches, controller and rheostats so that he can take out and replace any part necessary to keep the electrical appliances in good working condition. He must have had experience equivalent to an apprenticeship and should have served some time as a journeyman. Schooling: Common school. REPAIR MAN, STREET RAILWAY MOTOR AND TRUCK REVEL Description: The duties of the motor and truck repairman on a street railway car are to assist in removing the car bodies from trucks b}' means of hydraulic jacks and to take down, repair, and replace the motors and trucks. Qualifications: He must be able to work to drawings; mast be thoroughly familiar with truck and motor construction; must be able to rebabbitt boxes, line up armature shafts, adjust the housings, turn down commutators and place the motor in every way ready for service. He should be able to direct , the work of helper.*! and be able to handle hydraulic, electric, and hand power cranes. He should have had experience equivalent to an apprenticeship and should have done considerable work as a journeyman. Schooling: Preferably some technical training. SEARCHLIGHT OPERATOR SPOIL Description: The duties of the searchhght operator are the operation and care of various types of electrically operated searchlights, portable on truck, or fixed. Qualifications: He must be an experienced general electrician, familiar with wiring switches and small direct connected gasoline or oil engine driven gen- erating units, and able to operate and maintaiu same»» He must be able to make minor engine and generator working adjustments and field repairs. He should have had experience with searchlights or moving picture apparatus. He should have a practical knowledge of auto truck construction, operation, and repair. SIGN WIREMAN. (See Wireman, electric sign.) STAGE ELECTRICIAN SPOKE Description : The duty of the stage electrician is to take the full operating charge of the electrical equipment of a theater, moving picture show, or any other place of entertainment. Qualifications : He must be an experienced, practical, general wireman, capable of doing safe, permanent, or temporary wiring, in flexible or iron pipe conduit, or on porcelain knobs, or using extension cables. He must be capable of putting up incandescent and arc lamps and fixtures, extension pockets, plugs, and outlet boxes. He should understand the operation and repair of small switchboards, resistance coils and spothghts, and should know how to produce color effects. He should be able to install small motors and starters, or other special electrical apparatus. He should have had experience as a stage elec- trician for a theater or large motion picture show. Schooling: Common school. STORAGE BATTERY FOREMAN, AUTOMOBILE BATTERY STAIN CHARGING Description: The duties of the foreman of an automobile charging plant are to recharge, attach, and renew plates and make necessary repairs to all tyi)es 24 of storage batteries generally used in lighting, starting, or for ignition pur- poses, on automobiles, boats, and all kinds of gas engine work. Qualifications: The foreman of a storage battery recharging plant should be thoroughly familiar with all types of storage batteries, such as lead and nickel-iron batteries; must have a thorough practical knowledge of all charg- ing apparatus, such as motor generators, rotary converters, mercury arc rectifiers, voltage regulators and all types of voltmeters and ammeters gen- erally used in testing storage batteries. Must have a thorough practical knowledge of all battery solutions and of making up battery plates. It is desirable that he have a thorough practical knowledge of all standard wiring systems used in automobile starting, lighting, and ignition equipment. Should have had an extensive experience in a storage battery charging plant. Should be able to handle men and should be qualified to meet customers and represent the company. Schooling: Common school. SUBSTATION OPERATOR, ELECTRIC SPOOL Description: The duties of the electric substation operator are the operation and care of an electrical distributing station or substation of a general power or lighting system. Qualifications: He must be a thoroughly experienced and practical electrician capable of taking entire operating charge of a substation supplied from a central power plant. He should understand fully the construction and practical bandhng of transformers, blower cooUng apparatus, feeder panels, switchboards, circuit breakers, switches, both oil and knife types, storage batteries, lightning arresters, choke coils, rotary converters, motor generators, testing instruments, and the auxiliary apparatus necessary for a complete substation for high-tensioa alternating current, two or three phase, step up or step down transformers, and alternating or direct current, low-tension distribution for power or lighting. Schooling: High school with some technical training. SUBSTATION SUPERINTENDENT. {See Superintendent, substation.) SUPERINTENDENT OR ENGINEER, LINE CONSTRUCTION. {See Line con- struction engineer or superintendent.) SUPERINTENDENT, SUBSTATION SPOON Description: The substation superintendent has complete charge of the switch- boards, generators, exciters, and converters in electric substations. Qualifications: He must be thoroughly familiar with substation specifications, be able to trace out circuits and diagrams, and be a thorough switchboard operator, familiar with the operation of knife and oil switches, knock out switches, the care and maintenance of generators, exciters, and converters. He must be familiar with recording instruments and must be able to connect lip generators to the leads going to other outlying stations or directly to the line. He must maintain the lequired voltage on all leads, watch the trouble signals, synchronize turbines, and supervise the making of the necessary repairs. He should have a full knowledge of storage battery operation; be able to handle men; should have worked in a substation as a helper and as a journeyman and should have done considerable work as an independent substation superintendent. Schooling: Preferably technical training. 25 SWITCHBOARD INSTALLER. {See Installer, switchboard.) SWITCHBOARD MAN, CENTRAL OFFICE, TELEPHONE SPORT Description: The duties of the switchboard man in a central telephone oflHce are the clearing of all trouble reported on subscribers' lines and all other switchboard circuits located within the central office. He must make routine tests and inspection of the central ofSce apparatus and maintain a high stand- ard of service. Qualifications: He must be able to work to wire diagrams and drawings; must have a thorough knowledge of switchboard specifications and must know how to conduct operating tests of cords, plugs, relays, transmitters, receivers aijd wiring connections. He must be an expert in detecting central office trouble through subscribers' fault finding. He must be able to direct the work of testers; should have had considerable experience as a' test man and switchboard wire man. Schooling: High school; preferably some technical training. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR, SUBSTATION SPOT Description: The switchboard operator on a substation switchboard manipu- lates the controlling devices on a switchboard under the direction of the su- perintendent and has the general care of all auxiliary apparatus. Qualifications: He must have a good working knowledge of knife and oil switches; must be able to read and interpret recording instruments and be able to maintain the proper voltage of current on the variou.s lines. He should be famiUar with trouble signals and trouble reporting; should be able to syn- chronize turbines and should be able to make reports of necessary adjustments and repairs. He should have worked as a helper and have had some ex- perience as a journeyman and should be in training for a substation superin- tendent. Schooling: Common school; preferably high school. TELEGRAPHER, COMMERCIAL LINE THUMB Description: The telegrapher receives and sends messages over one or more private wires. Qualifications: Should be able to receive and send not less than 2.5 words per minute. Should be a good penman and should be able to operate a typewriter. Should have had previous experience in a large office, or with a telegraph company. Mental alertness; accuracy. Schooling: Common school; special training in telegraphy. TELEGRAPHER, RAttWAY SERVICE TRADE Description: The telegrapher receives and transmits messages, receives and delivers train orders, blocks trains, must keep a full set of signals and use the same as required by the rules. Qualifications: He must be a skilled telegrapher, capable of receiving and sending not less than 25 words per minute. He must understand the use of the telephone and the rules prescribed by the railway for the operation of both the telegraph and the telephone. He must knovV all the rules con- cerning train orders and operating trains in the yards and on the main Une. He must have good hearing and good color sight. TELEPHONE OPERATOR TREE Description: The duties of the telephone operator are to take full charge of the subscribers' service on any assigned section of a large central station. 26 Qualifications: She must be a graduate of an operators' school, be able to render full service on a subscribers' section or other central exchange, toll-line sta- tion, or any private branch exchange. She must be quick and accurate in giving subscribers information and in making subscribers' connections. She should understand fully all switchboard connections and be able to report promptly any trouble that may arise. She shoidd be courteous and have a good clear voice. She should have had experience in a small central station or on a large private branch exchange, or should have worked as a junior operator long enough to become thoroughly expert in handling a large ex- change panel. Schooling : Preferably high school. TELEPHONE OPERATOR, CHIEF TREND Description: The duties of the chief telephone operator are to make position assignments for operators and maintain the quaUty of service given by the operating force; to give general instructions to the operating force, main- tain discipline, secure prompt and regular attendance, make requisitions for additions to the operating force, and to make absentee and tardiness reports. Qualifications : The chief telephone operator should be a graduate of the oper- ators' school; should have had experience both in private branch exchange and central oflSce exchange; should be able to direct the work of operators and should have had experience in reporting trouble. She should be familiar with the make-up of the telephone directory and with toll line, private branch exchange, and with the regular subscriber service. She should have a good personahty and be qualified to give prompt and courteous attention to subscribers. Schooling: Preferably high school. TELEPHONE OPERATOR INSTRUCTOR TRIAL Description: The duties of the instructor of the telephone operators' school are to interview applicants for positions as operators; to select employees; give lectures on operating niethods; conduct class discussions of operating practice; and to train operators in operating at a practice switchboard. She must also assist in developing training courses. Qualifications: The instructor of a telephone operators' training school must be a thoroughly experienced operator, having had a large variety of experi- ence in central station subscribers' work, toU station, and in private branch exchange. She should be a person of, tact; should have ability as a teacher and should be able to impress upon beginning operators the necessity for care and judgrrient in their work. She must give expUcit directions as to the handling of calls; answers to be made; methods of operating; fault finding; and the general conduct of the telephone operator. Schooling: Preferably high school. TELEPHONE OPERATOR, JUNIOR TRIBE Description: The duties of the junior operator are to take charge of a private branch exchange, small toll Une, or small central station. Qualifications: She should be a graduate of the operators' school, be familiar with making subscribers' hne connections, give subscribers information and do toll-line operating. She must be courteous, have a good clear voice, and be quick and accurate in making service connections. Schooling: Preferably high school. Note. The junior telephone operator is a recent graduate of the opera- tors' school, but who has not had sufficient experience to take charge of the more important stations. 27 TESTER, TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD APPLIANCES TRICE Description: The duties of the tester of telephone switchboard appliances are to operate the testing apparatus with which the subscribers' lines and other central office circuits are tested in connection with trouble or the improper operation of these circuits. He assigns work to and directs the outside trouble man and makes necessary tests when trouble is rectified. He also makes acceptance tests of new installations, cable changes, and rearrange- ments. Qualifications : He should have a thorough knowledge of switchboard and line specifications; must be able to work to drawings and diagrams; must have a thorough practical knowledge, and should have a technical knowledge of all appliances that make up a' subscriber's circuit, both in the office and on the Une. He must be able to operate, test, and make proper reports on plugs, cords, jacks, relays, switches, keys, wire and cable connections in telephone boxes as well as on transmitters and receivers. He must be able to direct the work of assistants. He must be thoroughly familiar with mag- neto, galvanometer, and Wheatstone bridge testing apparatus. Schooling: High school; preferably some technical training. TOWER ERECTOR TRILL Description: It is the duty of the tower erector to put in tower bases and erect towers for the carrying of any kind of high-tension electric line wires. Qualifications: He should know how to read drawings;' how to set tower bases and anchtjrs; and be thoroughly skilled in the use of all tools necessary to erect light-steel frames such as are used in electric-line towers. He must understand the placing of cross arms, and the hanging of insulators, and be able to do all work necessary to put the tower line in shape for electric service. He should be able to climb and to work on scaffolds. He should have had experience in tower erecting with a power or light company. Schooling: Common school. TOWER ERECTOR, FOREMAN TRIM Description: The duties of the tower erecting foreman are to supervise the erection of steel towers for the carrying of- any kind of electric circuit wires. Qualifications : , He must be able to read drawings and specifications sufficiently well to order all materials, erecting tools, and supplies in such a way that they can be delivered quickly and accurately to the various points along the Une. He must be thoroughly skilled in the use of all tools used in erecting light- steel frames; and understand setting bases and anchors, placing of cross arms and insulators, putting in mountings for pole terminals, transformers, and cut-outs. He must be able to do or supervise all work necessary for placing tower lines in shape to receive electric wires for any kind of a circuit. He should have had experience as an erector of steel towers used for electrical lines; should be thoroughly familiar with the wiring requirements; and should have had experience as a foreman in extensive electric line construc- tion for a high-tension light or power line. Schooling: Common school; preferably technical training. TROUBLE MAN OR TROUBLE SHOOTER (General light and power) TRIP Description: The duties of the trouble man or trouble shooter are to locate and correct all trouble arising in the general operation of electrical light and power equipment. 28 Qualifications: The trouble man or trouble shooter should be able to read drawings, work from wire layouts, and understand electrical specifications. He must be thoroughly famihar with the underwriters' rules; must under- stand the renewing of fuses, the use of junction boxes, line cut-outs, traps- formers, and safety devices, and must be able to make test for grounds, short circuits, or broken wires. He must understand the operation and upkeep of generators, motors, switchboards, and electrical measuring instru- ments. He should imderstand starting and speed-conti-olling devices and should be able to test motors and generators and make minor repairs and be able to make proper report when extensive wiring repairs are needed. He should have had experience as a journeyman wireman and should have done considerable work as a trouble shooter for a large company using exten- sive electrical equipment. Schooling: Common school; preferably. some technical education. TROUBLE MAN OR TROUBLE SHOOTER (Power service) TROOP Description: The duties of the trouble man or trouble shooter in power service are to locate and correct all troubles arising in the operation of generators and motors. Qualifications: He must understand the operation and upkeep of generators, motors, switchboards and electrical measuring instruments, understand starting and controlling devices, should be able to test motors and generators and make minor repairs, and be able to make a report when extensive repairs are required. He should have done ccwisiderable work as a trouble shooter for a large service company. Schooling: Common school; preferably some technical training. WINDER, ARMATURE. {See Armature winder.) WINDER, CYLINDRICAL COILS WENT Description: The duties of the winder of cylindrical coils are to wind such coils as bell coil, magneto coil, telephonp transmitter coil, and relay coil. Qualifications : He should have a knowledge of wire sizes and know the difference between single and double, cotton and silk covered wire. He should under- stand how to make and insulate wire connections and be expert in the opera- tion of a cylindrical coil winding machine. Schooling : Common school . WIRE CHIEF, DISTRICT, TELEPHONE VERE Description: The duties of the district wire chief in telephone service are to supervise the work of the wire chiefs and assist them in the proper handling of their organization. He is responsible for the supervision of the central office maintenance division, outside plant and substation equipment in the central office districts assigned to him. He supervises the trouble and expense, re- ports and makes recommendations for the betterment of the service. Qualifications: He must read drawings, be able to make wire diagrams and be an expert specification writer. He must have a thorough technical and prac- tical knowledge of the telephone switchboard installation and operation and maintenance. He must also have a thorough knowledge of line construction, both underground and overhead. He must understand the handling of men and be a good organizer. He must be proficient in cost accounting for 29 telephone service and should have worked as a switchboard man in both cen- tral and private branch exchanges, and should have had experience as a wire chief on a large central exchange. Schooling: Preferably a graduate electrical engineer who has specialized on telephone work. WIRE CHIEF, TELEPHONE WHALE Description: The duties of the wire chief consist of supervising the work of the central ofiBce and outside repair forces in a designated district. He works under the direction of the district wire chief and is responsible for the proper maintenance of the central office, outsicje plant, and subscribers' stations ■nithin his district. He also makes out routine reports of maintenance work. Qualifications: He must read drawings and wire diagrams and have a thorough knowledge of electrical specifications. He must be an expert in installing, operating, and maintaining central switchboards and private branch ex- changes. He must be especially competent to check up and overcome trouble nnd should be able to develop and maintain a thorough working organization. He should be thoroughly familiar with telephone cost accounting. He should have had experience as a lineman and switchboard man both in a private branch exchange and in the central office. Schooling: Preferably an electrical engineer who has specialized on telephone work. WIREMAN AND LINEMAN, RAILWAY SIGNAL. {Sec Lineman and wireman, railway signal.) WIREMAN, ELECTRIC SIGN WHARF Description: The duties of a wireman on electric-sign work are to put in all lines, connect up motors, and make all lamp connections for electric signs for any purpose. Qualifications: The electric-sign wireman must be able to do either conduit or knob and cleat work; must thoroughly understand the connecting up of electric signs, either for continuous or intermittent lighting; must have a thorough knowledge of rotary intermittent-control switches and driving motors. He should be a good general wireman, able to make all electrical connections, do soldering, and make all tests necessary to complete the job ready for service. He should be able to cUmb and work on scaffolds. He should have had ex- perience as a linem-in and as a helper on sign work and. should have done considerable work as a journeyman sign man. Schooling: Preferably high school, with some technical training. WIREMAN, HOUSE, LIGHT WHEAT Description: The duties of the house wireman are to do all kinds of dwelling- house wiring and to install all devices necessary to make ready for the in- stallation of lighting fixtures. Qualifications: The house wireman must be able to work from drawings and from wiring diagrams; must be thoroughly familiar with underwriters' rules and with building codes. He must be an expert in knob and tube wiring, able to select and use the ordinary wireman 's tooLs, and understand the use of loom, and should be able to do minor installations, using flexible or armored cable or conduit pipe. He must imderstand the placing of junction boxes, lamp switches, fuse blocks, outlets for Ught and power service such as are used on washing machiries, flat irons, and vacuum cle.aners. He should be able 30 to fish in wires on installatiofi in old buildings; should have sufficient skill in the use of the ordinary carpentry tools so as to be able to do any necessary cutting into walls and floors; and should have had experience as an apprentice or helper of a house wireman and considerable experience as a journeyman. Schooling: Common school. WIREMAN, INTERIOR WHEEL Descriptiou: The duties of the interior wireman are to install under the direction of a foreman all power and light wiring for office buildings, factories, hotels or other large buildings where wiring is usually done'in^netal conduits. Qualifications: He must bo thoroughly familiar with standard under^triters' rules for wiring; must be able to work from drawing and wiring diagrams; and must have had a thorough e.xperience in all kinds of interior wiring for single, two and three phase alternating and direct current circuits. He must be expert in, putting in all sizes of concealed conduits and especially skillful in drawing in wires. He must be able to install cut-outs, terminal boxes, fuse boxes, line and clamp switche.s, and be able td put up exposed work with knobs and cleats. He must understand placing fuse panels and outlet boxes and should be able to set up lighting or power switchboards. He must be able to install tutors and generators and all kinds of arc, incandescent and mer- cury vapor lamps and to do all other work necessary to make the line ready for service connections. He should have had experience equal to an ap- prenticeship and should have done considerable work as a journeyman. Schooling: Common school; preferably some technical training. WIREMAN, INTERIOR, FOREMAN ' , WHEY Description: The duties of the interior wireman foreman are to install and supervise the inftaUation of all classes of interior lighting and power wiring for office buildings, factories, hotels and other large buildings where the work is usually done in metal conduits. Qualifications : He must be a thorough practical wireman, with a full knowledge of ubderwriters' rules; must be able to work from drawings and wiring dia- grams, and must thoroughly understand interior wiring specifications for single phase or for two and three phase circuits for both direct and alternating currents. He must be thoroughly skilled in bending and installing all kinds and sizes of concealed conduit work; must be able to handle armored or flexible cable, must be thoroughly familiar with the putting in of wires and must understand the placing and connecting of junction boxes, fuse panels, line and lamp switches; must be able to connect up transformers, motors and generators and should be competent to supervise and pass upon all work. He must be able to handle men; able to make out stock orders and attend to the distributing of materials on the job. He should have a thorough ^owledge of switchboard installation, including the placing of buss bar, the^tting of % instrusaents and special switchboard devices. He should have a general knowledge of power and lighting requirements of large power and Ughting systems. He should have had experience as a journeyman wireman and should have had considerable experience as foreman. Schooling: Common school and high school; preferably some technical training. RADIO GROUP ERECTOR FOREMAN OR SUPERINTENDENT, RADIO EXALT Description : The duties of the radio erector foreman or superintendent are to supervise the installation of a complete radio outfit, not including towers. Qualifications: He must be able to work to drawings and wire diagrams and have a thorough knowledge of radio specifications. He must be able to take - complete charge of the installation and must be capable of installing, either on ship or land station, a spark transmitting set, complete in all respects, including adjustment and timing. He must be familiar with the methods of protecting motor generator circuits from induction of radio transmitter. He must also be capable of making proper earth connections on ships. He must be thoroughly familiar with radio receiving and transmitting apparatus of all tjTJes, including arc transmitters, and with the theory of the reception of radio signals. He must be able to make measurements of capacity, induct- ance, natural period and resistance, and be capable of detecting electrical oscillations at the receiving stations. He should be an electrical engineer who has specialized on wireless telegraphy and shoiUd have worked as a mainte- nance man and repair man and should have had ^considerable experience on radio installation, and in addition must be famiUar with all shop processes involved in the manufacture and repair of radio apparatus. Schooling: Graduate electrical engineer. FOREMAN, RADIO STATION FOG Description: The radio station foreman assigns work to the radio electricians and helpers and directly supervises the work. ' Qualifications: He must be able to work to drawings and wire diagrams and have a thorough knowledge of radio specifications. He must understand the installation and repair of standard and special apparatus and be qualified to inspect the new equipment. He must have a thorough knowledge of the operation of radio outfits either on land or at sea and must have a practical and technical knowledge of the influence of induction on electric circuits. In general he must thoroughly understand the care and operation of motor and generating sets, arc transmitters, step-up and step-down transformers, and have a working knowledge of transmitting and receiving devices. He should have worked as a helper and as a student electrician and should have had extensive expferience as a radio electrician under the direction of a foreman and superintendent. Schooling: Graduate electrical engineer. HELPER, RADIO STATION ^ HAVEN Description: The duties of the helper in a radio station are to help the repair man or the maintenance man as directed. Qualifications: He "should be a young man chosen with reference to his -ability and incUnation to become an expert in radio installation and maintenance. He should have a general knowledge of electrical measurements and electrical properties and should have had some experience as a machine fitter, and in ' general electric wiring repair work. Schooling: High school; preferably technical high school. (31) 32 LEADING MAN, RADIO. (See Foreman, radio station.) RADIO AID. (See Superintendent, radio station.) REPAIR MAN, RADIO STATION RHINE Description: The duties of the repair man at a radio station are to take charge of all repairs that are required, removing and placing extensive adjustments "of any part 6{ the radio outfit. Qualifications: He must be able to work to mechanical drawings and wire diagrams and have a working knowledge of radio specifications. He must be an experienced machine fitter and machine hand who has specialized on radio apparatus. He must also have a practical knowledge of the electrical requirements of a radio outfit and should" have a general knowledge of induc- tion, interference of circuits, and the principles of radio telegraphy. He should have had experience as a machinist in a radio outfit manufacturing plant. - He should have worked as a helper at a radio station and have had considerable experience in the installation and repair of radio equipment. Schooling: High school; preferably technical training in electricity. SUPERINTENDENT, RADIO STATION SPUN Description: The radio station kiperintendent has general supervision over a radio station. Qualifications: The radio station superintendent should be qualified to take complete charge of an advanced radio station; to make laboratory tests of all circuits, instruments, and apparatus pertaining to and used in radio signaUng; to supervise the installation, repair and adjustment of radio apparatus, both in shore stations and on ships, the development and design of special apparatus and methods of radio signaling suited to special conditions, and of new forms of sending and receiving circuits; to analyze the data which may accrue from observations of the operation of different radio installations and to plan and execute experimental investigations as indicated; to inspect the various radio stations when called upon and to make the necessary measurements of their electrical contents; and, in general, to carry out advanced technical work in radio research, design, and development, and practical work in construction and repair of radio apparatus. He may be required to prepare technical reports of inspection tests and research work. Schooling: Graduate of recognized technical school in electrical engineering or equivalent education. TELEGRAPHER, RADIO TRUMP Description: The duties of the radio telegrapher are to receive and transmit radiograms and to keep the transihitting and receiving appUances in working condition. ^ Qualifications: He must be an experienced radio telegrapher, with abiUty to receive and transmit not less thair -fifteen words per minute. He must be thoroughly familiar with the principles of receiving and transmitting appa- ratus; must know the name, care and use of the principal parts and must have a good general understanding of all electrical and mechanical devices. It is desirable that he should have a thorough electrical knowledge of the entire radio plant. He should have worked- as a student and as a helper and should have had considerable experience as a radio telegrapher. X-RAY GROUP RONTGENOLOGIST REX Description: The duties of the rontgenologist are to direct the taking of Rontgen ray photographs and to make medical and surgical diagnoses from photographs and with fluoroscope. Qualifications : He should be a graduate medical doctor who has specialized on Rontgen ray diagnosis. He must be able to set the Rontgen ray tube prop- erly, prepare the patient, and place the sensitized plate so as to get the best resulfc. He must be able to direct the work of helpers. He should have had an extended hospital experience in taking and interpreting Rontgen ray photographs and in making fluoroscope examinations. SKIAGRAPHER (X-ray operator) . SPOUT Description: The duties of the skiagrapher or X-ray operator are to operate Rontgen ray apparatus .and make exposures, radiographs,^ or skiagraphs on a sensitized photographic plate in connection with surgical or physiological , work of any kind. Qualifications: He must have a thoroughly practical knowledge of the opera- tion and care of X-ray apparatus, such as motor-generator sets, high potential transformers, spark gaps, regulating devices and tubes, and be capable of arranging the apparatus for making photographic exposures of various sizes and under variouf conditions. He must have sufficieM knowledge of the principles and construction of X-ray tubes that the very best care will be taken of them under aU conditions in order to insure their maximum Ufe. He must have a thorough knowledge of handling photographic plates and pre- paring all developing solutions and seciu-ing the best and clearest results on the plate. He must be thoroughly familiar with the destructive effects to the bod^, due to over exposure to X rays, and all the necessary precautions to be taken, such as providing suitable lead-glass screens. He must have a general knowledge of the fimdamental laws of alternating current electricity as apphed to X-ray apparatus and its transformation to high voltage, the character and action hi electricity at high potential and methods of insulation and protection. He must have had experience in operating X-ray apparatus in a hospital, or physics laboratory. Schooling: High school, with special electrical training. ' X-RAY OPERATOR. (See Skiagrapher.)