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 State College of Agriculture 
 
 At Cornell University 
 
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 Library 
 
Cornell University Library 
 Z 695.A51S21 
 
 List of sub ect headings ... 
 
 3 1924 014 563 278 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014563278 
 
LIST OF 
 
 SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 POR USE IN 
 
 DICTIONARY CATALOGS 
 
 Prepared by a Committee 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN Library association 
 
 SECOND EDITION, REVISED 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX 
 
 CONTAINING HINTS ON SUBJECT CATALOGING AND SCHEMES FOR SUBHEADS 
 UNDER COUNTRIES AND OTHER SUBJECTS 
 
 AMEEICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 
 
 PUBLISHING BOARD 
 
 CHICAGO 
 
 1905 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THIS List of subject headings has been prepared for the cataloger and is 
 to De considered as an appendix to Cutter's Rules for a dictionary 
 catalog, ed. 3, sections 99 to 120. 
 
 Every compiler of a dictionary catalog finds two great difliculties : ist, the 
 choice between synonymous or related headings ; 2d, the making of the neces- 
 sar}' cross-references. The best catalogs show great diversity of usage and 
 it has often been suggested that, by a collation of these catalogs, a list of 
 subject headings might be made which would simplify the work of the cataloger 
 and lead to more uniformity. At the Lakewood conference of the American 
 Library Association a committee for this purpose was appointed. At the 
 Chicago conference the committee reported progress and the Publishing Sec- 
 tion was instructed to proceed with publication as soon as possible. At the 
 Lake Placid conference the committee reported completion of the work, and it 
 is now submitted to the members of the A. L. A and other librarians for 
 approval. The catalogs on which the list is based are those of the Boston 
 Athenaeum, Peabody Institute and Cleveland Public Library, the American 
 catalog, and the Harvard Subject index. 
 
 Of course no such list can be complete, nor is this intended to be so. It 
 is limited to the headings most often needed in the small or medium sized public 
 library. The following classes of headings have been omitted : 
 
 1. Personal names. 
 
 2. Geographical headings, such as names of countries, places, languages, 
 literatures, etc. [See Library journal, i8:C79-So, for treatment of these.*] 
 
 3. Technical and scientific names, unless there are equivalent common 
 names and for purposes of cross-reference. 
 
 4. Animals and plants and chemical and medicinal substances. 
 
 5. Books and other parts of the Bible. These should be entered as sub- 
 heads under Bible, with reference from their names. 
 
 6. The following special classes : Names of months, days, processes in 
 arithmetic, parts of speech, virtues and vices, diseases, headings beginning with 
 numbers (as Eighteenth century). 
 
 7. Other specific headings where there seemed to be no doubt as to name 
 or references, as most games, foods, etc. 
 
 It is thought that the list is sufficiently full for ordinary use. The head- 
 ings for any new subject can be settled by the application of the rules given 
 
 *See also Appendix G. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 below and by the analogies of headings aheady in the list. For full discus- 
 sion of principles the cataloger is referred to Cutter's Rules. Any cataloger 
 having to deal with unusual books will consult special catalogs or reference 
 books, such as the Surgeon -General's Catalog, Soule's Lawyers' reference 
 manual, Bouvier's Law dictionary, M'Clintock and Strong's Cyclopadia, etc. 
 
 The general principle of decision is that the heading shall be that under 
 which it is supposed that the majority of educated Americans will look, 
 with cross-references from other forms of heading. 
 
 In carrying out this principle the following rules have been followed so 
 far as possible : 
 
 1. Use common names instead of technical, English instead of foreign ; 
 but not if the common or English name is ambiguous or of ill-defined extent. 
 
 2. Use singular rather than plural except where subjects are only 
 thought of under the plural. 
 
 3. Use headings most generally found in the leading catalogs. Usage, 
 however, is changing; Moral philosophy, for example, is now almost universally 
 called Ethics. 
 
 4. Put compound names under the first word unless some other is more 
 significant (Agricultural botany, rather than Botany, agricultural ; but History, 
 ancient, rather than Ancient history).* 
 
 In order that all the books on a subject may be brought together in the 
 catalog, cross-references must be liberally supplied. For this reason the list 
 of " see-alsos " is especially full. 
 
 Particular attention is called to the " refer-froms." These are the " see- 
 alsos " reversed and group under each heading the references that should be 
 made from other subjects. Of course these references are not to be made 
 unless the book cataloged actually illustrates the subject from which reference 
 is made. They are suggestions rather than directions, and do not relieve the 
 cataloger from using his judgment. 
 
 It has not always been thought necessary to include in the list obvious 
 " refer-from " references where the headings stand side-by-side in the alphabeti- 
 cal arrangement. For example, from Agriculture to Agricultural botany, pests, 
 etc. 
 
 It will of course be understood that where the reference is simply '• See," 
 no subject entries are to be made under the heading referred from. 
 
 One column is left blank for additions. The cataloger is advised to check 
 headings and references as used and to add new headings required. If he wishes 
 to use a diflerenl form of heading, it will be necessary to make the change 
 wherever the heading occurs in the list, otherwise discrepancies will creep into 
 the catalog. By this method a complete list of all the subject headings and 
 references in the catalog will be at hand without reference to the catalog itself. 
 
 * Minority report. C. A. Cutter prefers Ancient art, Ancient geography, Ancient history ; Classi- 
 cal antiquities, Classical art. Classical biography, Classical geography. Classical history; as he would prefer 
 Medieval antiquities, Medieval art, Medieval geography, and Medieval history, if in that case the substan- 
 tive Middle ages were not better. 
 
 In this he follows the principle of concrete cataloging, which brings together what relates to a 
 thing, a country, a period, rather than all works belonging to a class or form, such as Geography, History. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Unless the library is quite small, personal and geographical headings should be 
 kept on slips as a supplementary list. 
 
 When there is a great accumulation of entries under a heading, it is well to 
 subdivide. The Boston Athenseum and Peabody Institute catalogs furnish good 
 models for such subdivision. \^See also Appendix.] 
 
 We do not expect that this List of subject headings will be considered final 
 or escape criticism. If, however, the general scheme of the work receives the 
 approval of librarians, it forms a basis upon which a revised edition can more 
 easily be prepa^-ed. We shall be satisfied with our labors if the result is founc" 
 useful to catalogers, especially to beginners. 
 
 GARDNER M. JONES, 
 G. E. WIRE, M.D., LL.B., 
 C. A. CUTTER, 
 
 Committee. 
 Salem, Mass.j July 22, 1895 
 
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 
 
 IN the present edition a few errors have been corrected, and changes and addi- 
 tions have been made in accordance v*rith suggestions of catalogers. The small 
 number of criticisms, either of the general plan or of particular headings, indicates 
 that the work has met the approval of its users. The number of changes in head- 
 ings is 192, many of which are merely alterations in spelling or compounding of 
 words to conform to the Century dictionai-y, the standard adopted by the Publishing 
 Section. The work having now been stereotyped, further changes are not to be 
 expected for many years. Special thanks for suggestions are due to Miss Esther 
 Crawford, head cataloger of the Dayton (Ohio) Public Library, and J. C. Hansen, 
 head cataloger of the Library of Congress. Dr. G. E. Wire, formerly in charge 
 of the medical department of the Newberry Library, and a member of the original 
 committee, has revised the medical headings. 
 
 The special feature of this edition is the appendix, which contains hints on 
 subject cataloging, and schemes for subdivision of countries, cities, the Bible, 
 Shakespeare, and languages, these being headings under w^hich many entries are 
 likely to accumulate. The more extended schemes are needed only by large 
 libraries. Most libraries should begin with the briefer schemes, making additional 
 subheads as the library increases in size. Thanks are due the Boston Public 
 Library and the New York State Library School for permission to reprint those 
 to which their names are attached. 
 
 GARDNER M. JONES, 
 C. A. CUTTER, 
 EDITH D. FULLER, 
 Salem, Mass., May 24, 1898. Committee. 
 
LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 FOR USE IN 
 
 DICTIONARY CATALOGS 
 
 Abbeys. See also Cathedrals; Convents; 
 Monasticism. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church 
 architecture ; Church history ; Convents ; 
 Monasteries ; Nunneries. 
 Abbreviations. i>^ a/j-o Cipher ; Shor.hsna. 
 Refer from Manuscripts ; Shorthand ; 
 Writing. 
 Abdomen. See also Intestines ; Kidneys ; 
 Liver ; Stomach ; Viscera. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Viscera. 
 Abolition of slavery. See Abolitionists ; 
 
 Slavery. 
 AboHtionists. 
 
 Refer frotn Abolition of slavery ; Biogra- 
 phy ; Slavery. 
 Abscess. See also Suppuration. 
 
 Refer from Pathology ; Suppuration. 
 Absolution. See also Confession ; Penance. 
 Refer from Church polity ; Confession ; 
 Penance ; Sin. 
 Abstinence. ^«£ Fasting; Starvation; Tem- 
 perance. 
 Academies (learned societies). See Societies 
 Academies (schools). 
 Refer from Schools. 
 Accent. See also Prosody. 
 
 Refer from Language ; Prosody. 
 Accidence. See Grammar. 
 Accident insurance. See Insurance. 
 Accidents. See also Bruises ; Burns and 
 scalds ; Collisions ; Drowning ; Explo- 
 sions ; Life-saving ; Poisons ; Ship- 
 wrecks ; Surgery. 
 Refer from Disasters ; Drowning ; Emer- 
 gencies ; Injuries ; Life-saving ; Medi- 
 cine ; Nurses and nursing; Surgery. 
 Accou nts. See Arithmetic ; Bookkeeping. 
 Accumulators. See Storage batteries. 
 
Aci-Adv] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Acids. 
 
 Refer from Chemistry. 
 Acknowledgments . 
 Refer from Law. 
 Acoustics. See Sound. 
 Acrobats. 
 
 Refer from Sports. 
 Acrostics. 
 
 Refer front Puzzles. 
 Acting. See also Actors ; Actresses ; Ama- 
 teur theatricals ; Drama ; Expression ; 
 Pantomime ; Theatre. 
 Refer from Actors ; Actresses ; Amateur 
 theatricals; Amusements; Drama; His- 
 trionics ; Stage ; Theatre. 
 Actions at law. See also Costs ; Equity ; 
 Evidence; Forms (inlaw) ; Injunctions; 
 Pleading; Trials. 
 Refer from Equity ; Forms (in law) ; Law ; 
 Pleading ; Procedure ; Suits at law ; 
 Trials. 
 Actors. See also Acting; Actresses; 
 Theatre. 
 Refer from Acting ; Actresses ; Biography ; 
 Drama ; Players ; Theatre. 
 <Vctresses. See- also Acting ; Actors ; 
 Theatre. 
 Refer from Acting ; Actors ; Biography ; 
 Drama ; Players ; Theatre ; Woman. 
 Adages. See Maxims ; Proverbs. 
 Addresses. See Orations. 
 Administration. See Political science. 
 Administrators and executors. See also 
 Wills. 
 Refer from Guardians ; Law ; Property ; 
 Wills. 
 Admirals. See also Naval biography. 
 
 Refer from Biography; Naval biography. 
 Admiralty. See also Commercial law ; IVIari- 
 time law. 
 Refer from Commercial law ; Law ; Mari- 
 time law. 
 Adoption. See also Guardians. 
 
 Refer from Children ; Foundlings ; Guar- 
 dians ; Law ; Orphans. 
 Adulterations. See also Drugs ; Food. 
 Refer from Analysis of food ; Chemistry ; 
 Commerce; Drugs; Food; Hygiene, 
 public. 
 Adultery. 
 
 Refer from Crimini! law ; Marriage. 
 Advent. See also Second advent. 
 Refer from Fasts and feasts. 
 
Adv-Agr] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Adventure. See also T)iscovtnes ; Escapes; 
 Explorers ; Heroes ; Shipwrecks ; Voy- 
 ages and travels. 
 Refer from Escapes ; Heroes. 
 Adventurers. See Imposture. 
 Adversity. See Affliction. 
 Advertising. See also Signboards. 
 
 Refer from Business; Commerce; Period- 
 icals. 
 Aerial navigation. See also Flight. 
 
 Refer from Aeronautics ; Air ; Air-ships ; 
 Balloons ; Engineering ; Flight ; Flying- 
 ' machines ; Locomotion ; Mechanics ; 
 Navigation. 
 ' Aerolites. See Meteors. 
 Aeronautics. See Aerial navigation. 
 Aesthetics. See Esthetics. 
 Affidavits. 
 
 Refer from Forms (in law) ; Law. 
 Affliction. See also Consolation. 
 
 Refer from Adversity ; Ethics ; Suffer- 
 ing. 
 African colonization. See also Liberia, and 
 the names of African colonization 
 societies. 
 Refer from Colonization ; Negroes ; 
 Slavery. 
 Age. See also Longevity ; Old age. 
 
 Refer from Old age. 
 Agents. See also Attorneys. 
 
 Refer from Attorneys ; Brokers ; Com- 
 mercial law ; Factors ; Partnership. 
 Agnosticism . See also Atheism ; Positivism ; 
 Skepticism. 
 Refer from Atheism ; Faith ; Free thought ; 
 Philosophy ; Skepticism ; Theology. 
 Agreements. See Contracts. 
 Agricultural botany. 
 
 Refer from Botany. 
 Agricultural chemistry . See also Fertilizers ; 
 Manures ; Soils. 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Fertilizers ; 
 Manures ; Soils. 
 Agricultural colleges. See also Agricultural 
 education. 
 Refer from Agricultural education ; Col- 
 leges and universities. 
 Agricultural education. See also Agricult- 
 ural colleges. 
 Refer fro7n Agricultural colleges ; Edu 
 cation. 
 Agricultural exhibitions. 
 Refer from Exhibitions. 
 
Agr-Alcl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINC.S 
 
 Agricultural machinery. See also Agricult- 
 ural tools. 
 Refer from Agricultural tools ; Machinery. 
 Agricultural pests. See also Caterpillars ; 
 Fungi ; Insects ; Weeds. 
 /?£/i^r yrf);// Gardening ; Insects; Pests. 
 Agricultural societies. 
 
 Refer from Societies. 
 Agricultural tools. See also Agricultural 
 machinery. 
 Refer from Agricultural machinery ; 
 Tools. 
 * Aa;ri culture. See also Barns ; Bees ; Botany ; 
 Butter ; Cattle ; Cheese ; Coffee ; Corn 
 laws ; Cotton ; Cow ; Dairy ; Domestic 
 animals ; Domestic economy ; Drainage ; 
 Ensilage ; Fertilizers ; Flax ; Floricult- 
 ure ; Forestry ; Fruit ; Gardening ; 
 Grain ; Grangers ; Grape ; Grass ; Green- 
 houses ; Hog ; Horse ; Irrigation ; 
 Land ; Landscape gardening ; Maize ; 
 Manures ; Milk ; Ox ; Peasantry ; Poul- 
 try ; Sheep ; Soils ; Stables ; Sugar ; 
 Tobacco ; Trees ; Vegetables ; Wheat ; 
 Wool ; and headings beginning Agri- 
 cultural. 
 Refer from Arts, useful; Botany; Country 
 life; Farming; Fruit; Gardening; Hus- 
 bandry ; Land ; Market gardening ; 
 Planting ; Plants ; Rural economy. 
 Ague. See Malarial fever. 
 Air. See also Aerial navigation ; Barom- 
 eter ; Compressed air ; Meteorology ; 
 Ventilation. 
 Refer from Atmosphere ; Chemistry ; 
 Meteorology ; Physics. 
 Air-engine. 
 
 Refer from Engines. 
 Air-pump. 
 
 Refer from Philosophical instruments ; 
 Pumps. 
 Air-ships. See Aerial navigation. 
 Albigenses. See also Waldenses. 
 
 Refer from Church history ; Waldenses. 
 Alchemy. See also Chemistry. 
 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Gold ; Hermetic 
 art ; Metals ; Occult sciences ; Super- 
 stition ; Transmutation of metals. 
 Alcohol. See also Brewing ; Distillation ; 
 Liquors ; Temperance. 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Distillation ; Food ; 
 Liquors ; Stimulants and narcotics ; 
 Temperance ; Wine. 
 Alcoran. See Koran. 
 
Aie-AIp] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Ale. See also Beer ; Brewing. 
 
 Refer from Beer; Liquors. 
 Algae. 
 
 Refer from Botany ; Cryptogams ; Marine 
 plants ; Mosses ; Ocean ; Sea mosses ; 
 Seashore ; Seaweeds. 
 Algebra. See also Equations ; Mathematics ; 
 Numbers. 
 Refer from Analysis, mathematical ; 
 Equations ; Mathematics. 
 Aliens. See also Allegiance ; Citizenship ; 
 Naturalization. 
 Refer from Allegiance; International law; 
 Law. 
 Alkalifs. 
 
 Refer from Chemistry. 
 Allegiance. See also Aliens ; Citizenship ; 
 Naturalization. 
 Refer from Aliens ; Citizenship ; Inter- 
 national law ; Law. 
 Allegories. See also Parables. 
 
 Refer from Fiction ; Parables ; Religion. 
 Allegory. 
 
 Refer from Rhetoric. 
 Allopathy. [For polemical treatises only.] 
 See also Homeopathy. 
 Refer from Homeopathy; Medicine. 
 Alloys. See also Amalgamation. 
 
 Refer from Amalgamation ; Metals. 
 Almanacs. See also Chronology ; Nautical 
 almanacs ; Year-books. 
 Refer from Annuals ; Astronomy ; Cal- 
 endars ; Registers ; Statistics ; Time ; 
 Year-books. 
 Almsgiving. See Charity ; Poor. 
 Almshouses. See also Charities ; Poor. 
 Refer from Charities ; Poor ; Poorhouses , 
 Workhouses. 
 Alphabet. See also Alphabets ; Cuneiform 
 writing ; Hieroglyphics ; Inscriptions ; 
 Printing; Writing. 
 Refer from Inscriptions ; Language ; 
 Letters (of the alphabet) ; Phonetics ; 
 Writing. 
 .A.lphabets. See also Illumination ; Mono- 
 grams. 
 Refer from Alphabet ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Illumination (of mss. and 
 books) ; Lettering ; Monograms ; Orna- 
 mental alphabets ; Painting, mechanical ; 
 Penmanship ; Sign painting. 
 
Alr-AmpJ LIST OF SUBJECr HEADINGS 
 
 Alpine clubs. See also Geographical 
 societies ; Mountaineering. 
 Refer front Geographical societies ; 
 Mountaineering ; Mountains. 
 Alpine plants. 
 
 Refer from Botany ; Mountains. 
 Alpine zoology. 
 
 Refer from Mountains ; Zoology. 
 Altars. See also Lord's supper ; Mass. 
 
 Refer from Church furniture. 
 Alternating currents. See Electric cur- 
 rents. 
 Amalgamation. See also Alloys ; Mercury. 
 
 Refer from Alloys; Metals. 
 Amateur operas. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Opera. 
 Amateur theatricals. See also Acting; 
 Charades ; Pantomime ; Shadow panto- 
 mimes ; Tableaux. 
 Refer from Acting ; Amusements ; 
 Charades ; Drama ; Private theatricals ; 
 Tableaux ; Theatre. 
 Amazons. 
 
 Refer from Woman. 
 Ambassadors. See also Diplomacy. 
 
 Refer from Diplomacy; International law; 
 Ministers (of state). 
 Ambulances. 
 
 Refer from Carriages ; Military surgery ; 
 Vehicles. 
 American aborigines. See Indians. 
 American loyalists. See also U. S., History, 
 Revolutioti . 
 Refer from Biography; Loyalists, Ameri- 
 can; Tories, American; U. S., History, 
 Revolution. 
 American party. 
 
 Refer from Know-nothings ; Parties ; U. 
 S., Politics. 
 American revolution. See U. S., History, 
 
 Revolution. 
 Americanisms. 
 
 Refer from Dialects ; English language ; 
 Slang. 
 Ammunition. See also Firearms ; Gun- 
 powder; Projectiles. 
 Refer from Firearms ; Gun ; Military art 
 and science ; Ordnance. 
 Amphibia. See Batrachia. 
 Amphitheatres. See also Gladiators. 
 
 Refer from Architecture. 
 Amphorae. See Vases. 
 
 6 
 
Amp-Anc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Amputation. 
 
 Refer from Military surgery ; Naval 
 surgery ; Surgery. 
 Amulets. 
 
 Refer frotn Archaeology ; Charms ; Super- 
 stition ; Talismans. 
 Amusements. See also Acting ; Amateur 
 operas ; Amateur theatricals ; Ballet ; 
 Balls ; Camping ; Cards ; Charades ; 
 Circus ; Coaching ; Concerts ; Conjuring ; 
 Dancing ; Dolls ; Enigmas ; Fairs ; Fenc- 
 ing ; Festivals ; Fortune telling ; Games ; 
 Masquerades ; Music ; Opera ; Palmistry ; 
 Pantomime ; Puzzles ; Riddles ; Sports ; 
 Tableaux ; Theatre ; Toys ; Ventrilo- 
 quism. 
 Refer from Entertainments ; Ethics ; 
 Games ; Recreation ; Sports. 
 Ana. See Anecdotes. 
 Anabaptists. See Baptists. 
 Anagrams. 
 
 Refer frotn Literature. 
 Analysis. See Assaying ; Blowpipe ; Chem- 
 istry ; Spectrum ; also name of substance 
 analyzed. 
 Analysis, mathematical. See Algebra ; Cal- 
 culus. 
 Analysis of food. See Adulterations ; Food. 
 Analytical geometry. See Geometry. 
 Anarchy. See also. Nihilism. 
 
 Refer from Nihilism; Political science. 
 Anataj^. See also Abdomen ; Anatomy 
 for artists ; Anthropometry ; Arteries ; 
 Autopsy ; Bones ; Brain ; Breast ; Dis- 
 section ; Ear ; Eye ; Foot ; Hand ; Head ; 
 Heart; Histology; Intestines; Joints; 
 Liver ; Lungs ; Mouth ; Nerves ; Ner- 
 vous system ; Nose ; Physiology ; Skull ; 
 Spine ; Stomach ; Surgery ; Teeth ; 
 Throat; Veins; Vivisection. 
 Refer from Biology ; Body, human ; Dis- 
 section ; Histology ; Human body : Man ; 
 Medicine ; Morphology ; Physiology ; 
 Surgery; Zoology. 
 Anatomy for artists. See also Expression ; 
 Figure painting. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Artistic anatomy ; 
 Artists ; Arts, fine ; Drawing ; Expres- 
 sion ; Figure painting ; Human figure ; 
 Painting; Sculpture. 
 Ancestor-worship. See also Confucianism. 
 
 Refer from Parents ; Worship. 
 Ancestry. See Genealogy ; Heredity. 
 
 7 
 
Anc-Ani] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Anchors. 
 
 Refer from Ships. 
 Ancien regime. See France, History. 
 Ancient art, geography, history, etc. See 
 Art, Geography, History, etc., under 
 which subdivisions may be made if 
 necessary. 
 Anecdotes. See also Table-tailc. 
 
 Refer from Ana ; Biography ; Literature ; 
 Table-talk ; Wit and humor. 
 Aneroid barometer. See also Barometer. 
 
 Refer from Barometer. 
 Anesthetics. See also Chloroform ; Ether. 
 Refer from ChXoroiorm; Ether; Medicine; 
 Pain; Surgery; Therapeutics. 
 Angels. See also Demonology. 
 
 Refer from Bible ; Heaven ; Theology. 
 Angling. See Fishing. 
 Aniline colors. See also Dyeing. 
 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Coal ; Coal tar 
 colors ; Color ; Dyeing. 
 Animal coloration. See Color of animals. 
 Animal electricity. 
 
 Refer from Electricity; Zoology. 
 Animal food. See also Cannibalism ; Meat ; 
 Vegetarianism. 
 Refer from Food \ Meat; Vegetarianism. 
 Animal heat. 
 
 Refer from Heat ; Temperature ; Zoology. 
 Animal kingdom. See Zoology. 
 Animal locomotion. See also Birds ; Flight ; 
 Running; Walking; Wings. 
 Refer from Birds ; Flight ; Locomotion ; 
 Zoology 
 Animal magnetism. See also Clairvoyance; 
 Hypnotism; Mind-reading; Second 
 sight. 
 Refer from Clairvoyance ; Hypnotism ; 
 Magnetism ; Medicine ; Mental sugges- 
 tion ; Mesmerism; Mind and body; 
 Mind-cure; Mind-reading; Physiology; 
 Psychology ; Sleep ; Spiritualism ; Sug- 
 gestion, mental ; Therapeutics. 
 Animal psychology. See also Instinct. 
 Refer from Instinct; Intellect; Intelli- 
 gence of animals ; Psychology ; Reason ; 
 Soul ; Zoology. 
 Animalcules. See also Microscope. 
 
 Refer from Zoology. 
 Animals. &^ Domestic animals ; Hunting; 
 Zoology; also headings beginning with 
 Animal. 
 
Ani-Anf, LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Animals, legends and stories of. See also 
 Bestiaries ; Fables. 
 Refer from Legends ; Mythology ; Zoo- 
 logical mythology. 
 \nimals, training of. See also Domestica- 
 tion. 
 Refer from Domestication ; Training. 
 Animals, treatment of. See also Vivi- 
 section. 
 Refer from Brutes ; Cruelty ; Ethics ; 
 Kindness to animals. 
 Animals, worship of. See also Serpent- 
 worship. 
 Refer from Mythology ; Worship ; Zoo- 
 logical mythology. 
 Annals. See Chronology ; History. 
 Annealing. See also Gla.ss ; Iron. 
 
 Refer from Metals. 
 A.nnihilation. See also Future life 
 
 Refer from '?\\i\ixi.\\ie.\ Theology. 
 Annuals. [Enter here only the old-fashioned 
 gift-books.] See also Almanacs ; Year- 
 books. 
 Refer from Year-books. 
 Annuals (plants). 
 
 Refer from Floriculture. 
 Annuities. 
 
 Refer from In.surance ; Investments; 
 Probabilities. 
 Anonyms. 
 
 Refer from Authors ; Bibliography. 
 Antarctic regions. 
 
 Refer from Arctic regions ; Earth ; Polar 
 regions ; Voyages and travels. 
 Anthems. See also Chants ; Church music ; 
 Hymns. 
 Refer from Chants ; Church music ; 
 Music ; Songs. 
 Anthropology. See Civilization ; Ethnology ; 
 
 Language ; Man ; Woman. 
 Anthropometry. 
 
 Refer from K-a.3X.oxaY \ Man. 
 Antichrist. 
 
 Refer from Jesus Christ ; Theology. 
 Antinomianism. 
 
 Refer from Calvinism ; Congregational- 
 ism ; Massachusetts, Church history; 
 Theology. 
 Antiquarian societies. 
 
 liefer from Historical societies. 
 Antiquities. See Archaeology; also under 
 names of countries, etc. 
 
Ant-App] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Antiseptics. See also Disinfection. 
 Refer from Disinfection ; Medicine ; 
 Surgery ; Therapeutics. 
 Antislavery. See Slavery. 
 Apartment liouses. 
 Refer from Architecture, domestic ; Flats ; 
 Hotels. 
 Apes. 6>£ fl/jo Gorilla ; Monkeys. 
 
 Refer from 'yi2txara?\%\ Monkeys; Zoology. 
 Aphorisms. See Epigrams ; Maxims ; Prov- 
 erbs ; Quotations ; Table-talk. 
 Apiculture. See Bees. 
 Apocalypse. See Bible. 
 Apocrypha. See Bible. 
 
 Apocryphal gospels, etc. See also Apostles' 
 creed; Apostolic constitutions. 
 Refer fro7ii Apostles' creed ; Bible ; 
 Fathers of the church. 
 Apologetics. See Christianity. 
 Apoplexy. 
 
 Refer from Brain; Medicine, practice of; 
 Paralysis. 
 Apostles. See also Bible. 
 
 Refer from Bible ; Christian biography ; 
 Church history ; Evangelists ; Jesus 
 Christ ; Theology. 
 Apostles' creed. See also Apocryphal gos- 
 pels. 
 Refer from Apocryphal gospels ; Church 
 of England ; Creeds ; Protestant 
 episcopal church in the U. S. 
 Apostolic church. See Church history. 
 Apostolic constitutions. 
 
 Refer from Apocryphal gospels, etc. ; 
 Church law ; Fathers of the church ; 
 Theology. 
 Apostolic fathers. See also Fathers of the 
 church. 
 Refer from Christian biography ; Church 
 history; Fathers of the church. 
 Apostolic succession. See also Bishops ; 
 Episcopacy ; Popes. 
 Refer from Bishops; Church history; 
 Church of England ; Church polity ; 
 Episcopacy; Popes; Protestant episco- 
 pal church in the U. S. ; Theology. 
 Apothecaries. See also Pharmacy. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Pharmacy. 
 Apothegms. See Epigrams ; Maxims ; 
 
 Proverbs ; Quotations ; Table-talk. 
 Apparatus. See Instruments. 
 Apparitions. See also Demonology ; Ghosts ; 
 Spiritualism. 
 Refer from Delusions; Demonology; 
 
 lO 
 
App-Arc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Dreams ; Ghosts ; Hallucinations ; Illu- 
 sions ; Phantoms ; Psychology ; Spec- 
 tres ; Spirits ; Spiritualism ; Super- 
 natural ; Sui^erstition ; Visions. 
 
 Appeal. 
 
 Refer from i^aw. 
 
 Apprentices. 
 
 Refer from Boys ; Economics ; Labor ; 
 Master and servant. 
 
 Aquarium. 
 
 Refer from Fish ; Marine zoology ; Nat- 
 ural history ; Zoology. 
 
 Aquatic animals. See Marine zoology. 
 
 Aqueducts. 
 
 Refer from Canals; Engineering; Hy- 
 draulic engineering ; Water-supply. 
 
 Arabesque. 
 
 Refer from Decoration and ornament. 
 
 Arbitration, industrial. 
 Refer from Commercial law ; Labor ; 
 Strikes and lockouts. 
 
 Arbitration, international. 
 Refer from International law. 
 
 Arbor-day. See also Forestry. 
 
 Refer from Forestry ; Holidays ; Trees. 
 
 Arboriculture . See Forestry ; Fruit. 
 
 Arc lamps. See Electric lamps. 
 
 Archaeology. See also Amulets ; .Archi- 
 tecture ; Arms and armor ; Arrow-heads ; 
 Alts, fine ; Baths and bathing ; Bells ; 
 Bible ; Brasses ; Bronze age ; Bronzes ; 
 Burial ; Castles ; Catacombs ; Caves ; 
 Cemeteries ; Chariots ; Christian art ; 
 Church antiquities ;, Civilization ; Classi- 
 cal antiquities ; ClifF-dwellings ; Coffins ; 
 Coins and medals ; Costume ; Epitaphs ; 
 Ethnology ; Folk-lore ; Fountains ; 
 Gems ; Glass ; Heraldry ; History ; 
 Indians ; Inscriptions ; Lake-dwellings ; 
 Man ; Manners and customs ; Marriage ; 
 Middle ages ; Monuments ; Mound-build- 
 ers ; Mounds j Mummies ; Mythology ; 
 Obelisks ; Pageants ; Painting ; Pot- 
 tery ; Pyramids ; Sculpture ; Seals ; Shell- 
 mounds ; Signboards ; Stone age ; Sun- 
 dials ; Temples ; Tombs ; also names 
 of countries, sub-head Antiquities. 
 Refer from Antiquities ; Architecture ; 
 Arts, fine ; Civilization ; Classical an- 
 tiquities ; Ethnology ; Excavations ; His- 
 tory ; History, ancient ; Man ; Manners 
 and customs ; Monuments ; Mythology ; 
 Prehistoric archaeology ; Ruins. 
 
 II 
 
Arc-ArcJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Archbishops See also Bishops ; Christian 
 biography. 
 Refer from Bishops ; CathoHc church ; 
 Christian biography ; Church of Eng- 
 land ; Episcopacy. 
 Archery. 
 
 Refer from Arrows ; Games ; Shooting ; 
 Sports. 
 Arches. See also Arches of tri'imph ; 
 Vaulting. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Bridges ; Engi- 
 neering ; Masonry ; Roofs ; Vaulting ; 
 Voussoir arches. 
 Arches of triumph. 
 
 Refer fro7>i Arches ; Architecture ; Monu- 
 ments ; Triumphal arches. 
 Architects. 
 
 Refer from Architecture ; Artists ; Biog- 
 raphy. 
 Architectural drawing. 
 
 Refer from Architecture ; Drawing ; 
 Mechanical drawing. 
 Architecture . See also Amphitheatres ; 
 Archaeology ; Arches ; Arches of tri- 
 umph ; Architects ; Architectural draw- 
 ing ; Arts, fine ; Baptisteries ; Barns ; 
 Basilicas ; Baths and bathing ; Bridges ; 
 Building associations ; Building mate- 
 rials ; Carpentry ; Castles ; Cathedrals ; 
 Chimneys ; Christian art ; Church archi- 
 tecture ; ClifF-dwellings ; Columns ; Deco- 
 ration and ornament ; Domes ; Doors ; 
 Fences ; Floors ; Foundations ; Foun- 
 tains ; Gates ; Girders ; Gothic architect- 
 ure ; Greenhouses ; Handrailing ; Hard- 
 ware ; Heating ; Hospitals ; Hotels ; 
 House painting ; Lake-dwellings ; Libra- 
 ries ; Masonry ; Metal-work ; Obelisks ; 
 Orders (architectural) ; Palaces ; Plas- 
 tering ; Plumbing ; Pyramids ; Roofs ; 
 Sanitary engineering ; School-houses ; 
 Sound ; Spires ; Stables ; Stair-build- 
 ing ; Strength of materials ; Temples ; 
 Theatre ; Tombs ; Towers ; Trusses ; 
 Vaulting; Ventilation; Walls; Win- 
 dows. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; 
 Arts, useful ; Building ; Carpentry ; Dec- 
 oration and ornament ; Engineering ; 
 Rural architecture ; Strength of 
 materials. 
 A rchitecture, domestic. See also Apart- 
 ment houses ; Cottages ; House decora- 
 
Arc-Arm] LIST OF SUBJECT HEAljiKoS 
 
 tion ; House painting ; Tenement- 
 houses. 
 Refer from Cottages ; Domestic arciiitect- 
 ure ; Dwellings ; Houses ; Residences ; 
 Tenement-houses ; Villas. 
 
 Architecture, military. See Fortification ; 
 Military architecture. 
 
 Architecture, naval. See Ship-building. 
 
 Arctic regions. See also Antarctic regions ; 
 North pole : Northeast passage ; North- 
 west passage. 
 Refer from Earth ; Geography ; Ice ; 
 North pole ; Northeast passage ; North- 
 west passage ; Polar Regions ; Voyages 
 and travels. 
 
 Argonauts. 
 
 Refer from Golden fleece; Mythology. 
 
 Argot. See Slang. 
 
 Arianism. See also Socinianism ; Trinity; 
 Unitarianism. 
 Refer from Church history ; Jesus 
 Christ ; Socinianism ; Trinity ; Unita- 
 rianism. 
 
 Arithmetic. See also Arithmetical instru- 
 ments ; Bookkeeping ; Decimal system ; 
 Interest ; Mensuration ; Metric system ; 
 Numbers ; Numerals. 
 Refer from Accounts ; Mathematics ; Men- 
 tal arithmetic; Numbers (theory of); 
 Weights and measures. 
 
 Arithmetical instruments. See also Calcu- 
 lating machines. 
 Refer from Arithmetic; Instruments; 
 Mathematical instruments. 
 
 Armatures . 
 
 Refer frotn Electric engineering ; Elec- 
 tricity ; Electromagnets. 
 
 Arminianism. 
 
 Refer from Predestination ; Theology. 
 
 Armor. See Arms and armor. 
 
 Armored vessels. 
 
 Refer from Iron-clad vessels ; Naval art 
 and science; Ship-building; Ships. 
 
 Arms, coats of. See Heraldry. 
 
 Arms and armor. See also Artillery ; 
 Bayonet ; Firearms ; Gun ; Gunnery ; 
 Helmets ; Ordnance ; Pistol ; Rifle ; 
 Sword. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Armor ; Cos- 
 tume ; Firearms ; Heraldry ; Military art 
 and science ; Weapons. 
 
 Army. See Military art and science; also 
 names of countries. 
 
 13 
 
Ass-Asyj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Blowpipe; Chemistry; Metals; Min- 
 eralogy. 
 Assessment. See Taxation. 
 Assignments. See aU.t Bankruptcy. 
 
 Refer from Bankruptcy; Commercial law; 
 Contracts; Debt; Law. 
 Association. See Cooperation. 
 Associations. See Corporations ; Guilds ; 
 
 Societies ; Trade-unions. 
 Assurance. See Insurance. 
 Asteroids. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Planets ; Solar 
 system ; Stars. 
 Asthma. 
 
 Refer from Breathing; Medicine, practice 
 of. 
 Astrology. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Fortune-telling : 
 Hermetic art ; Occult sciences ; Omens ; 
 Planets ; Stars ; Superstition. 
 Astronomers. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Biography ; 
 Scientists. 
 Astronomical instruments. See also Tele- 
 scope. 
 Refer from A.stronomy ; Instruments ; 
 Optical instruments ; Philosophical in- 
 struments. 
 Astronomical photography. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy; Photography. 
 Astronomy. See also Almanacs ; Asteroids ; 
 Astrology ; Astronomers ; Astronomical 
 instruments ; Astronomical photog- 
 raphy ; Chronology ; Comets ; Earth ; 
 Eclipses ; Equinoxes ; Globes ; Gravi- 
 tation ; Latitude ; Longitude ; Meteors ; 
 Moon ; Nautical almanacs ; Nautical as- 
 tronomy ; Navigation ; Nebulae ; Pen- 
 dulum ; Planets [and their names] ; Plu- 
 rality of worlds ; Seasons ; Solar system ; 
 Space ; Spectrum ; Stars ; Sun ; Tele- 
 scope ; Tides ; Time ; Transits ; Uni- 
 verse ; Zodiac ; Zodiacal light. 
 Refer from Atlases ; Constellations ; Earth ; 
 Eclipses ; Globes ; Gravitation ; Heav- 
 ens ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Planets ; 
 Science ; Sky ; Solar system ; Stars ; 
 Time ; Universe. 
 Asylum, right of. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Sanctuary. 
 Asylums. See also HospitaU : Insane hos- 
 pitals. 
 Refer from Chant r , Hospitals ; Medicine. 
 
 I6 
 
Af- Aut] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADIN(iS 
 
 Athanasian creed. 
 
 Refer from Church of England ; Creeds ; 
 Trinity. 
 Atheism. See also Agnoticism ; Deism ; 
 God ; Materialism ; Natural religion ; 
 Skepticism ; Theism. 
 Refer from Agnosticism ; Deism ; God ; 
 Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Religion ; 
 Skepticism ; Theism ; Theology. 
 Athletics. See Gymnastics ; Physical educa- 
 tion ; Sports. 
 Atlases. See also Astronomy ; Geography ; 
 Historical atlases ; Maps. 
 Refer fro7n Geography ; Maps. 
 :fc^tmosphere. SeeKxx; Meteorology, 
 "•moms: See also , Chemistry j Molecules; 
 Physics. 
 Refer frojn Chemistry ; Matter ; Molecules ; 
 Physics. 
 Atcnement. See also Jesus Christ. 
 
 Rjfer from Jesus Christ ; Sacrifice ; 
 Theology. 
 Attachment. 
 
 Refer from Commercial law ; Lav^. 
 Attorneys. See also Agents. 
 Refer from Agents ; Law. 
 Auctions. 
 
 Refer from Business ; Commerce ; Sale 
 Augury. See Divination. 
 Auricular confession. See Confession. 
 Aurora. 
 
 Refer frovi Meteorology ; Northern lights. 
 Authors. See also Anonyms ; Authorship ; 
 Bibliography ; Copyright ; Dramatists ; 
 Historians ; Literature ; Musicians ; 
 Naturalists ; Novelists ; Poets ; Pseu- 
 donyms ; Scientists. 
 Refer from Biography ; Literary men ; 
 Literature ; Writers. 
 Authorship. See also Journalism ; Versifi- 
 cation. 
 Refer fro7n Authors; Journalism; Litera- 
 ture ; Writing. 
 Autographs. 
 
 Refer fro7ii Biography; Handwriting; 
 Signatures. 
 Autopsy. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy; Death; Dissection; 
 Medical jurisprudence ; Medicine ; 
 Pathology; Post-mortem examinations; 
 Surgery. 
 Autumn. 
 Refer from Fall ; Season-s. 
 
 17 
 
Ass-Asyj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Blowpipe; Chemistry; Metals; Min- 
 eralogy. 
 Assessment. See Taxation. 
 Assignments. See alsj bankruptcy. 
 
 Refer from Bankrup'cy ; Commercial law; 
 Contracts; Debt; Law. 
 Association. See Cooperation. 
 Associations. See Corporations ; Guilds ; 
 
 Societies ; Trade-unions. 
 Assurance. See Insurance. 
 Asteroids. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Planets ; Solar 
 system ; Stars. 
 A.sthma. 
 
 Refer from Breathing; Medicine, practice 
 of. 
 Astrology. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy; Fortune-telling: 
 Hermetic art ; Occult sciences ; Omens ; 
 Planets ; Stars ; Superstition. 
 Astronomers. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Biography ; 
 Scientists. 
 Astronomical instruments. See also Tele- 
 scope. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Instruments ; 
 Optical instruments ; Philosophical in- 
 struments. 
 Astronomical photography. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Photography. 
 Astronomy. See also Almanacs ; Asteroids ; 
 Astrology ; Astronomers ; Astronomical 
 instruments ; Astronomical photog- 
 raphy ; Chronology ; Comets ; Earth ; 
 Eclipses ; Equinoxes ; Globes ; Gravi- 
 tation ; Latitude ; Longitude ; Meteors ; 
 Moon ; Nautical almanacs ; Nautical as- 
 tronomy ; Navigation ; Nebulas ; Pen- 
 dulum ; Planets [and their names] ; Plu- 
 rality of worlds ; Seasons ; Solar system ; 
 Space ; Spectrum ; Stars ; Sun ; Tele- 
 scope ; Tides ; Time ; Transits ; Uni- 
 verse ; Zodiac ; Zodiacal light. 
 Refer from Atlases ; Constellations ; Earth ; 
 Eclipses ; Globes ; Gravitation ; Heav- 
 ens ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Planets ; 
 Science ; Sky ; Solar system ; Stars ; 
 Time ; Universe. 
 Asylum, right of. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Sanctuary. 
 Asylums. See also HospitaU : Insane hos- 
 pitals. 
 Refer from Chant r , Hospitals ; Medicine. 
 
 I6 
 
At- -Aut] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADIN(iS 
 
 Athanasian creed. 
 
 Refer from Church of England ; Creeds ; 
 Trinity. 
 Atheism. See also Agnoticism ; Deism ; 
 God ; Materialism ; Natural religion ; 
 Skepticism ; Theism. 
 Refer from Agnosticism ; Deism ; God ; 
 Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Religion ; 
 Skepticism ; Theism ; Theology. 
 Atlilctics. See Gymnastics ; Physical educa- 
 tion ; Sports. 
 Atlases. See also Astronomy ; Geography ; 
 Historical atlases ; Maps. 
 Refer from Geography ; Maps. 
 i» •Atmosphere. See K\x\ Meteorology. 
 
 Atoms: See also Chemistry j Molecules ; 
 Physics. 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Matter ; Molecules ; 
 Physics. 
 Atonement. See also Jesus Christ. 
 
 Refer from Jesus Christ ; Sacrifice ; 
 Theology. 
 Attachment. 
 
 Refer from Commercial law; Lave. 
 Attorneys. See also Agents. 
 Refer from Agents ; Law. 
 Auctions. 
 
 Refer from Business ; Commerce ; Sale. 
 Augury. See Divination. 
 Auricular confession. See Confession. 
 Aurora. 
 
 Refer from Meteorology ; Northern lights. 
 Authors. See also Anonyms ; Authorship ; 
 Bibliography ; Copyright ; Dramatists ; 
 Historians ; Literature ; Musicians ; 
 Naturalists ; Novelists ; Poets ; Pseu- 
 donyms ; Scientists. 
 Refer from Biography ; Literary men ; 
 Literature ; Writers. 
 Authorship. See also Journalism ; Versifi- 
 cation. 
 Refer from Authors; Journalism; Litera- 
 ture ; Writing. 
 Autographs. 
 
 Refer from Biography; Handwriting; 
 Signatures. 
 Autopsy. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy; Death; Dissection; 
 Medical jurisprudence ; Medicine ; 
 Pathology; Post-mortem examinations; 
 Surgery. 
 Autumn. 
 
 Refer from Fall ; Seasoiw. 
 
 17 
 
Aut-Ban] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Autumnal catarrh. See Hay-fever. 
 Avalanches. 
 
 Refer from Mountains ; Snov^. 
 Avesta. See also Parsees. 
 
 Refer from Parsees. 
 Awards. 
 
 Refer from Law. 
 Axioms. 
 
 Refer from Geometry ; Mathematics • 
 Philosophy; Truth. 
 Backgammon. 
 
 Refer from Games. 
 Bacteria . See also Fermentation ; Germ 
 theory. 
 Refer from Botany ; Contagion ; Fermen- 
 tation ; Fungi ; Germ theory ; Medicine ; 
 Microbes ; Parasites ; Pathology. 
 Bail. 
 
 Refer from Criminal law; Law. 
 Bailments. 
 
 Refer from Contracts ; Guaranties and 
 sureties ; Law. 
 Baking. See also Bread ; Cookery. 
 
 Refer from Cookery. 
 Baldness. See also Hair. 
 
 Refer from Hair; Head. 
 Ball. See Baseball ; Cricket ; Football. 
 Ballads. See also Chap-books ; Folk-songs ; 
 Legends ; Lyric poetry ; Poetry ; Songs ; 
 also English, etc., ballads. 
 Refer from Carols ; Chap-books ; Folk- 
 songs ; Legends ; Literature ; Lyric 
 poetry ; Poetry ; Songs. 
 Ballet. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Dancing ; 
 Theatre. 
 Ballistics. See Projectiles. 
 Balloons. See Aerial navigation. 
 Ballot. See also Election ; Suffrage. 
 
 Refer from Election ; Political science ; 
 Suffrage ; Voting. 
 Balls (parties). See also Dancing; Mas- 
 querades. 
 Refer from Amusements ; Dancing ; 
 Parties. 
 Banditti. See Brigands. 
 Bank notes. See also Counterfeits; Paper 
 money. 
 y?^«r/ro;« Banks; Counterfeits; Engrav- 
 ing ; Money ; Paper money. 
 Bankers 
 
 Refer from Banks; Biography. 
 Banking. See Banks and Banking. 
 
 i8 
 
Baa-Basl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Bankruptcy. See also Assignments ; Debt ; 
 Receivers. 
 Refer from Assignments ; Commerce ; 
 Commercial law ; Corporations ; Debt ; 
 Insolvency ; Law. 
 Banks and banking. See also Bank notes ; 
 Bankers ; Building associations ; Credit ; 
 Exchange ; Finance ; Interest ; Money ; 
 Pawnbroking ; Savings-banks ; Stock 
 exchange ; Stocks. 
 Refer from Banking ; Bills of credit ; Bills 
 of exchange ; Bimetallism ; Commerce ; 
 Credit ; Economics ; Finance ; Invest- 
 ments ; Money ; National banks ; Paper 
 money ; Stock exchange ; Wealth. 
 Baniiers. See Flags. 
 
 Bajjiism. See also Baptismal fonts ; Bap- 
 tisteries ; Baptists ; Close communion ; 
 Regeneration ; Sacraments. 
 Refer from Baptists ; Church antiquities ; 
 Church membership ; Church polity ; 
 Regeneration ; Rites and ceremonies ; 
 Sacraments ; Theology. 
 Baptismal fonts. 
 
 Refer from Baptism ; Church furniture ; 
 Fonts. 
 Baptisteries. 
 
 Refer from Architecture ; Baptism ; 
 Church architecture. 
 Baptists. See also Baptism ; Close com- 
 munion. 
 Refer from Anabaptists ; Baptism ; Close 
 communion ; Congregationalism ; Sects. 
 Bar. See Lawyers. 
 
 Bards. See also Minnesingers ; Minstrels ; 
 Troubadours ; Trouv^res. 
 Refer from Minstrels ; Poetry. 
 Bark. 
 
 Refer from Botany; Trees. 
 Barns. See also Stables. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Architecture ; Cat- 
 tle ; Domestic animals; Horse; Stables. 
 Barometer. See also Aneroid barometer. 
 Refer from Air ; Aneroid barometer ; 
 Meteorology; Physics; Surveying. 
 Baronage. See Peerage. 
 Baronetage. See Peerage. 
 Barrows. See Mounds. 
 Baseball. 
 
 Refer from Ball ; Games ; Sports. 
 Basilicas. See also Church architecture. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Church archi- 
 tecture. 
 
 '9 
 
Bas-Behl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADING? 
 
 Bas-relief. See a/so Carving; Sculpture. 
 Refer from Carving; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Sculpture. 
 Baths and bathing. See also Diving; 
 Hydropathy ; Swimming. 
 Refer from Archaeology; Architecture; 
 Cleanliness ; Hydropathy ; Hygiene ; Sea 
 bathing ; Seashore ; Sports ; Swimming ; 
 Therapeutics ; Toilet ; Water. 
 Batrachia. 
 
 Refer from Amphibia; Reptiles; Verte- 
 brates ; Zoology. 
 Batteries. See Artillery ; Electric batteries ; 
 
 Storage battej-ies. 
 Battlj, wager of. See Wager of battle. 
 Battles. See also Massacres; Siegjs; also 
 nanes of battles, countries, generals, 
 wars, etc. 
 Refer from History ; Military art and 
 science ; Military history ; Naval history ; 
 Sieges ; War. 
 Bayonet. 
 
 Refer from Kxxa^ ■asiA armor; Gun; Mili- 
 tary art and science. 
 Beaches. See also Seashore. 
 
 Refer from Physical geography ; Sea- 
 shore. 
 Beacons. See also Lighthouses. 
 
 Refer from Life-saving; Navigation. 
 Beads. See also Rosary 
 
 Refer from Jewelry. 
 Beasts See Bestiaries ; Domestic animals ; 
 
 Zoology. 
 Beatitudes. See also Bible; Sermon on the 
 Mount. 
 Refer from Bible ; Sermon on the Mount. 
 Beautiful, the. See Esthetics. 
 Beauty, personal. See also Cosmetics ; 
 Costume. 
 Refer from Woman. 
 Beds. 
 
 Refer from Furniture. 
 Beer See also Ale ; Brewing. 
 
 Refer from Ale ; Brewing ; Liquors ; Malt ; 
 Temperance. 
 Bees.. See also Wax. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Apiculture ; 
 Honey; Insects. 
 Beetles. 
 
 y?«/«r/r<;OT Coleoptera; Insects. 
 Begging. See also Charity ; Poor. 
 
 Refer from h\znX\cAy \ Poor. 
 Behavior. See Etiquette. 
 
Bei-Bib] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Being. 
 
 Refer fro?n Ontology; Philosophy. 
 Belief See also Certainty ; Creeds ; Faith ; 
 Religions ; Sects ; Truth. 
 Refer from Ce:X\.a.\n\.y\ Doubt; Faith; In- 
 tellect ; Philosophy ; Psychology ; Re- 
 ligion; Theology; Truth. 
 Belles-lettres. See Literature. 
 Bells. See also Electric bells. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Chiming ; 
 Church antiquities. 
 Belting. 
 
 Refer from Machinery. 
 Benedictines. 
 
 Refer from Monasticism. 
 Benefit of clergy. 
 
 Refer from Q\aixQ!a law; Church polity; 
 Clergy; Law. 
 Benefit societies. See Friendly societies. 
 Benevolence. See Charity ; Poor. 
 Benevolent societies. See Charitable socie- 
 ties. 
 Bestiaries. 
 
 Refer from Animals, legends and stories 
 of; Beasts; Literature. 
 Betting. See also Gambling; Probabilities. 
 Refer from Gambling ; Sports ; Wagers. 
 Beverages. See also Qo^&s. \ Food; Liquors 
 [and names of liquors] ; Milk ; Stimu- 
 lants and narcotics ; Tea ; Temperance ; 
 Water. 
 Refer from Diet ; Drinks ; Food ; Manu- 
 factures ; Stimulants and narcotics ; 
 Temperance . 
 Bezique. 
 
 Refer from Cards. 
 Bible. See also Angels; Apocryphal gos- 
 pels ; Apostles ; Beatitudes ; Christianity 
 Church history ; Commandments, ten 
 Creation ; Deluge ; Fall of man ; God 
 Jesus Christ ; Jews ; Lord's prayer 
 Miracles ; Parables ; Patriarchs ; Prophe- 
 cies ; Prophets ; Religion and science ; 
 Revelation ; Saints ; Sermon on the 
 Mount ; Talmud ; Theology. 
 \See appendix for a scheme of subdivision 
 
 of this heading.] 
 Refer from Apocalypse ; Apocrypha ; 
 Apostles ; Archaeology ; Beatitudes ; 
 Christianity ; Church history ; Com- 
 mentaries ; Concordance ; Creation ; Del- 
 uge, the ; Evangelists ; Evidences of 
 • the Bible ; God ; Hermeneutics ; Jesus 
 
Bil;.BloJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Christ ; Jews ; Parables ; Prophecies ; 
 Prophets ; Psalmody ; Religion ; Reve- 
 lation ; Sacred history ; Scriptures ; 
 Theology ; also frotn names of books 
 and other divisions of the Bible. [It is 
 better to enter all such here.] 
 Bible classes. See also Sunday schools. 
 Refer from Religious education ; Sunday 
 schools. 
 Bible in the schools. 
 
 Refer from Education ; Public schools ; 
 Religious education. 
 Bible societies. 
 
 Refer from Societies. 
 Bibliography. See also Anonyms ; Book 
 collecting ; Bookbinding ; Bookplates ; 
 Books and reading ; Cataloging ; Classi- 
 fication ; Indexes ; Indexing ; Libraries : 
 Library catalogs ; Literature ; Manu- 
 scripts ; Pseudonyms ; also, names of 
 literatures as English, American, etc.; 
 also, names of persons, places, and sub- 
 jects for lists of books relating to them. 
 Refer from AuXhors \ Books and reading; 
 Catalogs ; Libraries ; Library catalogs ; 
 Literary history ; Literature. 
 Bibliomania. See Book collecting. 
 Bicycling. See Cycling. 
 Bilious fever. See also Liver. 
 
 Refer from Fever; Liver. 
 Billiards. 
 
 Refer from Games. 
 Bills of credit. See Banks and banking; 
 
 Credit ; Money ; Paper money. 
 Bills of exchange. &« Banks and banking; 
 Credit ; Exchange ; Money ; Paper 
 money. 
 Bimetallism. See also Banks ; Finance ; 
 Free coinage ; Gold ; Money ; Silver. 
 Refer from Finance ; Free coinage ; Gold ; 
 Money ; Silver. 
 Binding. See Bookbinding. 
 Biography. See also Abolitionists ; Actors ; 
 Actresses ; Admirals ; American loyalists ; 
 Anecdotes ; Apothecaries ; Architects ; 
 Artists ; Astronomers ; Authors ; Auto- 
 graphs ; Bankers ; Bishops ; Booksellers ; 
 Botanists ; Brigands ; Cardinals ; Chan- 
 cellors ; Chief justices ; Christian biog- 
 raphy ; Classical biography ; Contemp- 
 oraries ; Criminals ; Dramatists ; Elec- 
 tricians ; Emperors ; Engineers ; En- 
 gravers ; Epitaphs ; Explorers ; Fathers 
 
«o-Bla] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGb 
 
 of the church ; Genealogy ; Generals ; 
 Governors ; Heraldry ; Heroes ; Hist- 
 orians ; History ; Judges ; Justices of the 
 peace ; Kings ; Lawyers ; Librarians ; 
 Mechanics ; Merchants ; Military biog- 
 raphy ; Ministers ; Missionaries ; Musi- 
 cians ; Naturalists ; Naval biography ; 
 Orators ; Painters ; Patriarchs ; Peerage ; 
 Philanthropists ; Philosophers ; Physi- 
 cians ; Pilgrim fathers ; Poets ; Portraits ; 
 Presidents ; Prime ministers ; Prophets ; 
 Queens ; Reformers ; Saints ; Scientists ; 
 Sculptors ; Shoemakers ; Singers ; Sol- 
 diers ; Statesmen ; Surgeons ; Table-talk ; 
 Teachers ; Travelers ; Woman. 
 Refer from Genealogy ; History ; Lives ; 
 Memoirs. 
 
 Biology. See also Anatomy ; Botany ; Cells ; 
 Death ; Embryology ; Evolution ; Hered- 
 ity ; Hygiene ; Longevity ; Natural 
 history ; Physiology ; Protoplasm ; Sex ; 
 Species ; Zoology. 
 Refer from Botany ; Cells ; Death ; Embry- 
 ology ; Evolution ; Heredity ; Life ; Natural 
 history ; Philosophy ; Physiology ; Proto- 
 plasm ; Psychology ; Science ; Zoology. 
 
 Bioplasm. See Protoplasm. 
 
 Birds. See also Animal locomotion ; Cage 
 birds ; Eggs ; Falconry ; Flight ; Game ; 
 Nests ; Pigeons ; Poultry ; Taxidermy ; 
 Wings. 
 Refer from Animal locomotion ; Eggs ; 
 Flight; Nests; Oology; Ornithology; 
 Vertebrates ; Zoology. 
 
 Birthday books. 
 
 Refer from Birthdays ; Days. 
 
 Birthdays. See also Birthday books. 
 Refer from Days. 
 
 Bishops. See also Apostolic succession ; 
 Archbishops ; Episcopacy ; Ordination. 
 Refer from Apostolic succession ; Arch- 
 bishops ; Biography ; Catholic church ; 
 Christian biography ; Church of Eng- 
 land ; Episcopacy ; Protestant episcopal 
 church in the U. S. 
 
 Black art. See Witchcraft. 
 
 Black death. 
 Refer from Qan\3.^0'a.\ Epidemics; Medi- 
 cine, practice of. 
 
 Blacksmithing. See also Horseshoeing ; 
 Ironwork. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Horseshoeing ; 
 Ironwork. 
 
 23 
 
Bla-3oo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Blasting. See also Explosives ; Quarrying. 
 Refer from Engineering; Explosives; 
 iVIines and mining; Quarrying; Stone; 
 Tunnels. 
 Bleaching. i"«^ ^/s-^ Cleaning ; Dyeing. 
 Refer from Cleaning; Dyeing; Textile 
 fabrics. 
 Bleeding. See Bloodletting. 
 Blind. See also Color-blindness. 
 Refer front Education ; Eye ; Light ; 
 Senses; Sight. 
 Block-booUs. See also Printing. 
 Refer from Books and reading; Printing; 
 Xylography. 
 Blockade. See also International law; 
 Neutrality. 
 Refer from International law ; Nav.al art 
 and science ; Neutrality. 
 Blood. See also Arteries; Bloodletting; 
 Heart; Hemorrhage; Veins. 
 Refer from Arteries ; Circulation of the 
 blood ; Heart : Pathology ; Physiology. 
 Bloodletting. See also Cupping. 
 
 Refer from Bleeding ; Blood ; Cupping ; 
 .Surgery ; Therapeutics ; Venesection. 
 Blowpipe. See also Assaying ; Chemistry ; 
 .VTineralogy. 
 Refer from Analysis; Assaying; Chem- 
 istry ; Metals ; Mineralogy. 
 Blunders. 
 
 Refer from Delusions ; Errors ; Mistakes. 
 Boating See also Canoeing ; Life-boats ; 
 Navigation ; Rowing ; Sailing ; Yachting. 
 Refer from Navigation ; Rowing ; Sailing ; 
 Ship-building ; Ships ; Sports ; Yachting. 
 Body, human. See Anatomy ; Physiology. 
 Body and mind. See Mind and body. 
 Boilers. See also Fuel ; Steam ; Steam- 
 engine ; Steam navigation. 
 Refer from Explosives ; Steam ; Steam- 
 boilers ; Steam-engine. 
 Bonds. See also Corporations ; Finance ; 
 Investments ; Stocks. 
 Refer from Corporations ; Finance ; Guar- 
 anties and sureties ; Investments ; Ne- 
 gotiable instruments ; Securities ; Stocks. 
 Bones. See also Dislocation ; Fracture ; 
 Joints ; Skull. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Osteology ; Skele- 
 ton ; Surgery- 
 Book clubs. 
 
 Refer fro?ii Clubs ; Libraries. 
 
 24 
 
Boo-Bot] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADiNUS 
 
 Book collecting. 
 
 Refer from Bibliography; Bibliomania', 
 Libraries. 
 Book illustration. See also Arts, fine; En- 
 graving ; Illumination ; Photo-engraving, 
 etc. 
 Refer frotn Arts, fine ; Books and reading ; 
 Decoration and ornament; Engraving; 
 Illustration of books. 
 Book of fate. See Fortune-tellers. 
 Bookbinding. 5>^ a/jo Marbling. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Bibliography ; 
 Binding ; Books and reading ; Libraries. 
 Bookkeeping 
 Refer from Accounts; Arithmetic; Busi-' 
 ness ; Business education ; Commerce. 
 Bookplates. 
 
 Refer from Bibliography ; Ex libris. 
 Books and readiny, See also Bibliography ; 
 Block-books ; Book illustration ; Book- 
 binding ; Cataloging ; Chained books ; 
 Children's literature ; Classification ; 
 Copyright ; Illumination ; Libraries ; 
 Library catalogs ; Literature ; Manu- 
 scripts ; Printing ; Prohibited books ; 
 Text-books ; Writing. 
 Refer from Bibliography ; Libraries ; 
 Literature ; Reading. 
 Booksellers. 
 
 y?^^r_/>-(JOT Biography ; Publishers. 
 Bookselling. 6V« a/jo Copyright ; Printing. 
 Refer frotn Commerce ; Literature ; Pub- 
 lishing. 
 Boots See Shoes. 
 Boring. See also Artesian wells. 
 Refer fr 0711 Artesian wells; Engineering; 
 Wells 
 Boroughs. See also Cities; Representation; 
 Towns. 
 Refer from Cities ; Local government ; 
 Representation ; Towns. 
 Botanical chemistry. 
 
 Refer from Botany ; Chemistry. 
 Botanical gardens. 
 
 Refer from Botany ; Gardens. 
 Botanical museums. 
 
 Refer from Museums. 
 Botanical societies. 
 
 Refer front Societies. 
 Botanists. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Botany ; scientists. 
 
 Botany . See also Agricultural botany; 
 
 Agriculture ; Algse ; Alpine plants ; 
 
 3'! 
 
Boi Hra) LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Bacteria ; Bark ; Biology ; Botanical ; 
 Botanists ; Buds ; Cells ; Climbing plants ; 
 Color of flowers ; Cryptogams ; Evolu- 
 tion ; Ferns ; Fertilization of plants ; 
 Floriculture ; Flowers ; Forestry ; Fruit ; 
 Fungi ; Gardening ; Geographical dis- 
 tribution ; Grass ; Insectivorous plants ; 
 Leaves ; Lichens ; Medical botany ; Mi- 
 croscope ; Mosses ; Natural history ; Or- 
 chids ; Paleontology ; Parasites ; Phan- 
 erogams ; Phosphorescence ; Seedlings ; 
 Seeds ; Shrubs ; Trees ; Vegetables ; 
 Weeds. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Biology ; Flora ; 
 Flowers; Gardening; Natural history; 
 Phanerogams ; Plants ; Science ; Shrubs ; 
 Trees; Vegetables. 
 Boulders. See also Glaciers ; Moraines. 
 Refer from Erratics ; Geology ; Glaciers ; 
 Moraines. 
 Boundaries. See also Northeast boundary ; 
 Northwest boundary ; also names of 
 countries and states. 
 Refer from Geography ; History. 
 Bowling. 
 
 Refer from Games ; Sports. 
 Boxing. 
 Refer from Fighting ; Pugilism ; Sparring ; 
 Sports. 
 Boys. See also Apprentices; Children; 
 Young men. 
 Refer from Children ; Conduct of life ; 
 Young men ; Young people. 
 Bracelets. 
 
 Refer from Costume ; Jewelry. 
 Brahmanism. Seealso Buddhism ; Hinduism. 
 Refer from Buddhism ; Hinduism ; Re- 
 ligions. 
 Brain. See also Apoplexy ; Dreams ; Idiocy ; 
 Insanity; Intellect; Mind and body; 
 Nervous system ; Paralysis ; Phrenology; 
 Psychology. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Head ; Insanity ; 
 Intellect ; Mental diseases ; Mind and 
 body ; Nervous system ; Philosophy ; 
 Physiology ; Psychology; Skull. 
 Brandy. See also Distillation. 
 
 Refer from Distillation ; Liquors. 
 Brass. See also Brasses ; Bronze.. 
 Refer from MtXAi. *n ■* 
 
 Bj-asses. 
 Refer from Archaeology; Arts, fine; 
 
 26 
 
Bra-hroj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Brass ; Epitaphs ; Metal-work ; Monu- 
 ments ; Tombs. 
 t^Bread. See also Cookery ; Flour. 
 
 Refer from Baking ; Cookery ; Food. 
 Breadstuff's. See Grain. 
 Breakwaters. 
 
 Refer from Engineering ; Harbors. 
 Breast. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Cliest. 
 Breatliing. See also Astiima ; Bronchitis ; 
 Catarrh ; Chest ; Consumption ; Croup ; 
 Influenza ; Lungs ; Nose ; Throat ; Voice. 
 Refer from Lungs ; Physiology ; Respi- 
 ration ; Throat. 
 L^-Breeding. 5'Suomestic animals. 
 Brewing. See also Beer ; Distillation. 
 Refer from Alcohol ; Ale ; Arts, useful ; 
 Beer ; Distillation ; Domestic economy ; 
 Liquors ; Malt. 
 Bric-a-brac. See also Decoration ; Pottery. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; House decoration ; Pottery. 
 Bricks. See also Masonry ; Tiles. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Building mater- 
 ials ; Manufactures ; Masonry ; Tiles. 
 Bridges. See also Arches ; Cables ; Girders ; 
 Masonry ; Strength of materials ; Trusses. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Arts, useful ; En- 
 gineering ; Girders ; Masonry ; Military 
 engineering ; Railroads ; Strength of 
 materials ; Trusses ; Viaducts. 
 Brigands. See also Highwaymen ; Robbers. 
 Refer from Banditti ; Biography ; Crime ; 
 Highwaymen ; Robbers. 
 Brokers. See Agents ; Stock exchange. 
 Bronchitis. See also Throat. 
 Refer from Breathing ; Cold (disease) ; 
 Cough; Medicine, practice of ; Throat. 
 Bronze. 
 
 Refer from Brass ; Metals. 
 Bronze age. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology. 
 Bronzes. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; 
 Metal-work ; Sculpture. 
 Bronzing. 
 
 Refer from Decoration and ornament. 
 Brotherhoods. See also Monasticism. 
 Refer from Charities ; Church polity ; 
 .Monasticism ; Religious orders. 
 Brnwnists. See also Congregationalism. 
 fefer from Congregationalism ; Dissen- 
 ter"^ •■ Sects. 
 
 27 
 
Bru-Burj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Bruises. 
 
 Refer from Accidents ; Contusions. 
 Brutes. See Animals, treatment of; Zoology. 
 Bryology. See Mosses. 
 Buccaneers. 6>^ //A'o Pirates. 
 Refer from Filibusters; Naval history; 
 Pirates. 
 Bucolic poetry. See Pastoral poetry. 
 Buddha. See Buddhism. 
 Buddhism. See also Brahmanism ; Hindu- 
 ism. 
 Refer from Brahmanism ; Buddha ; Hindu- 
 ism ; Monasticism ; Religions. 
 Buddhism, esoteric. See Theosophy. 
 Buds. 
 
 Refer from MoXzny ; Flowers. 
 Building. See Architecture; Carpentry; 
 
 Engineering ; Masonry. 
 Building associations. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Banks ; Friendly 
 societies ; Cooperation ; Cooperative 
 building associations ; Investments ; 
 Loan associations ; Savings-banks. 
 Building materials. See also Bricks ; Cement ; 
 Iron ; Stone ; Strength of materials ; 
 Terra-cotta ; Timber; Wood. 
 Refer from Architecture; Engineering; 
 Strength of materials. 
 Bulbs. 
 
 Refer from Floriculture. 
 Bull fights. 
 
 Refer fro7ii Fighting ; Sports. 
 Bullion. See Money. 
 Burglary. 
 
 Refer from Criminal law. 
 Burial. &^ (j/.r^ Burial service ; Catacombii , 
 Cemeteries ; Coffins ; Cremation ; Em- 
 balming; Epitaphs; Funerals; Monu- 
 ments ; Mounds ; Mummies ; Tombs ; 
 Urns. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Burying 
 grounds ; Cemeteries ; Death ; Funerals ; 
 Hygiene, public; Interment; Manners 
 and customs; Sculpture; Tombs. 
 Burial service. 
 Refer from Burial; Church music; 
 Funerals; Liturgies; Rites and cere- 
 monies. 
 Burning the dead. See Cremation. 
 Burns and scalds. 
 
 Refer from Accidents ; Scalds. 
 Burying grounds. See Burial ; Cemeteries. 
 
 28 
 
Bus-Cam] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Busi ness. See also Advertising ; Auctions ; 
 Bookkeeping ; Commerce ; Commercial 
 law ; Commercial travelers ; Credit ; 
 Economics ; Exchange ; Finance ; Man- 
 ufactures ; Merchants ; Money ; Stork 
 exchange; Success. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Commerce ; 
 Merchants ; Money ; Success ; Trade ; 
 Wealth. 
 Business education. See also Bookkeeping ; 
 Commercial correspondence. 
 Refer from Commercial education ; Educa- 
 tion. 
 Butter. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Cow ; 
 Dairy ; Food ; Milk. 
 Butterflies. See also Caterpillars ; Lepidop- 
 tera. 
 Refer' from Insects ; Lepidoptera. 
 Cabinet work. See also Decoration and orna- 
 ment ; Furniture ; Turning. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Carpentry ; Dec- 
 oration and ornament ; Furniture ; Wood- 
 work. 
 Cables. See also Chains ; Electric wires ; 
 Rope ; Telegraph ; Wire. 
 Refer from Bridges ; Manufactures ; Rope ; 
 Wire. 
 Cage birds. 
 
 Refer from Birds ; Domestic animals. /^/yjro^^ 
 
 Calculating machines. 
 Refer from Arithmetical instruments ; 
 Mathematical instruments ; Mathematics. 
 Calculus (mathematics) . 
 
 Refer from Analysis, mathematical ; Flux- 
 ions ; Mathematics. 
 Calendar. See also Chronology ; Year. 
 Refer from Chronology ; Time ; Year. 
 Calendars [containing readings for every 
 day] . See also Almanacs ; Year-books. 
 Refer from Year-books. 
 Calico-printing. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Dyeing ; Print- 
 ing; Textile fabrics. 
 Calisthenics. ^?e Gymnastics. 
 Caloric. See Heat. 
 
 Calvinism. See also Antinomianism ; Con- 
 gregationalism ; Orthodoxy ; Predestina- 
 tion ; Presbyterianism. 
 Refer from Orthodoxy ; Predestination ; 
 Presbyterianism ; Theology. 
 Cambistry. See Exchange ; Weights and 
 measures. 
 
 29 
 
Cam-Car] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Cameos. See also Gems. 
 Refer from Carving (wood, etc.j ; Gems, 
 Jewelry. 
 Camera. See also Photography. 
 
 Refer from Photography. 
 Camp-meetings. 
 
 Refer from Revivals. 
 Camping. See also Tents. 
 Refer from Amusements ; Country life -. 
 Outdoor life ; Sports ; Tents. 
 Camps (military) 
 
 Refer from Military art and science. 
 Canals. See also Aqueducts; Hydraulic en- 
 gineering; Irrigation. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Engineering ; Hy- 
 draulic engineering; Inland navigation; 
 Irrigation ; Locomotion ; Navigation ; 
 Transportation ; Water-supply. 
 Cancer. 
 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Tumors. 
 Candles. 
 
 Refer from Lighting ; Manufactures. 
 Candlesticks. 
 
 Refer from Furniture ; House decoration. 
 Candy. See Confectionery. 
 Cannibalism. 
 
 Refer from Animal food ; Ethnology ; 
 Food ; Man ; Manners and customs. 
 Cannon. See Ordnance. 
 Canoeing. 
 Refer from Boating ; Locomotion ; Navi- 
 gation ; Sailing ; Sports. 
 Canon law. See Church law. 
 Canonization. See also Saints. 
 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- 
 tory ; Rites and ceremonies ; Saints. 
 Cantatas. 
 
 Refer from Music ; Oratorio. 
 Caoutchouc See India-rubber. 
 Capital See also Interest; Labor; Money; 
 Monopolies ; Strikes and lockouts ; 
 Trusts. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Economics ; Labor ; 
 .Money; Monopolies; Trusts; Wealth. 
 Capital punishment. See also Guillotine; 
 Hanging. 
 Refer from Crime; Criminal law; Death 
 penalty ; Ethics ; Hanging ; Punishment. 
 Capuchins. See also Franciscans. 
 
 Refer from Franciscans ; Monasticism. 
 Cardinals. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Catholic church ; 
 Christian biography ; Church polity. 
 
 30 
 
Car-Cas] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADlNti^ 
 
 Cards. See also Bezique ; Cribbage ; Euchre ; 
 Fortune-telling ; Gambling ; Patience ; 
 Whist. 
 Refer from Amusements ; Gambling ; 
 Games; Playing-cards. 
 Caricature. See also Satire ; Wit and humor. 
 Refer frotii Arts, fine; Drawing; Satire; 
 Wit and humor. 
 Carols. See also Ballads ; Songs. 
 Refer from Christmas ; Church music ; 
 Easter ; Music ; Songs. 
 Carpentry. See also Architecture ; Cabinet 
 work ; Cars ; Carving ; Floors ; Hand- 
 railing ; Stair-building ; Tools ; Turning ; 
 Woodwork. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Arts, useful ; 
 Building ; Joinery ; Manual training ; 
 Stair-building ; Tools ; Woodwork. 
 Carpets. See also House decoration ; Sweep- 
 ing ; Weaving. 
 Refer from Floors ; House decoration ; 
 Textile fabrics ; Weaving. 
 Carriage painting. See also Painting, me- 
 chanical. 
 Refer from Painting, mechanical. 
 
 Carriages. See also Ambulances ; Chariots ; 
 Coaching ; Wheels. 
 Refer from Coaches ; Locomotion ; Manu- 
 factures ; Stage-coaches ; Transportation ; 
 Vehicles ; Wagons ; Wheels. 
 Carriers. See also Commerce ; Navigation ; 
 Railroads. 
 Refer from Commercial law ; Common 
 carriers ; Law. 
 Cars. 
 
 Refer from Carpentry ; Manufactures ; Rail- 
 roads ; Vehicles. 
 Cartesian philosophy. See Descartes, R. 
 Carthusians. 
 
 Refer from Monasticism. 
 Cartography. See Maps. 
 Carving (meat, etc. 1 . See also Cookery. 
 Refer from Cookery ; Dining ; Domestic 
 economy ; Table, the. 
 Carving (wood, etc ). See also Bas-relief; 
 Cameos ; Ivory ; Sculpture ; Turning ; 
 Wood-carving. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Bas- 
 relief; Carpentry; Decoration and orna- 
 ment ; Sculpture ; Wood-carving. 
 Cases of conscience. See Conscience. 
 
 31 
 
Css-CatT LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Caste. 
 
 Refer from Manners and customs ; Soci- 
 ology. 
 Casting. See also Pattern-making. 
 
 Refer from Arts, useful; Founding; Iron; 
 Metals; Molding; Moulding; Steel. 
 Castles. See also Military architecture. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Chateaux; Middle ages; Military archi- 
 tecture. 
 Casuistry. See Conscience. 
 Cat. 
 
 Refer frotn Domestic animals ; Mammals. 
 Catacombs. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Burial ; Caves ; 
 Cemeteries ; Christian art and symbol- 
 ism ; Church antiquities ; Church history ; 
 Tombs. 
 Cataloging. See also Classification ; Index- 
 ing; Libraries. 
 Refer from Bibliography ; Books and read- 
 ing; Classification; Indexing; Libraries; 
 Library catalogs. 
 Catalogs. See also Bibliography ; Library 
 catalogs ; also other subjects of which 
 catalogs are made. 
 Cataracts. >S>^ Waterfalls. 
 Catarrh. See also Cold ; Hay-fever. 
 
 Refer from Breathing ; Cold (disease) ; 
 Medicine, practice of; Nose. 
 Catechisms. See also Creeds; Names of 
 churches. 
 Refer from Creeds ; Theology. 
 Caterpillars 
 Refer from Agricultural pests ; Butterflies ; 
 Insects; Lepidoptera ; Moths. 
 Cathedrals. See rt/jo Church architecture 
 Refer from Abbeys; Architecture; Chris- 
 tian art and symbolism ; Church archi- 
 tecture ; Church history ; Church of 
 England ; Gothic architecture. 
 Cathode rays. See X rays. 
 Catholic church. See also Abbeys; Arch- 
 bishops ; Bishops ; C.uionization ; C.irdi- 
 nals ; Celibacy ; Christianity ; Church 
 and state ; Church history ; Church law ; 
 Church music ; Confession ; Convents ; 
 Councils ; Episcopacy ; Excommunica 
 tion ; Fasts and feasts ; Fathers of the 
 church; Greek church; Immaculate 
 conception; Indulgences; Infallibility 
 Inquisition ; Jansenists ; Jesuits ; Lent 
 Liturgies ; Mary, virgin ; Mass ; Miracles 
 
 33 
 
Cat-Cem] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Missiils; Missions; Monasteries; Mon- 
 
 asdcism ; Nunneries ; Oxford movement ; 
 
 Penance ; Persecution ; Pilgrimage ; 
 
 Popes ; Priests ; Protestantism ; Purga- 
 tory ; Reformation ; Religious liberty ; 
 
 Rosary ; Saints ; Sisterhoods ; Transub- 
 
 stantiation ; Ultramontanism ; Vatican 
 
 council. 
 Refer from Christianity ; Church and 
 
 state ; Church history ; Church law ; 
 
 Church of England ; Emancipation ; 
 
 Episcopacy ; Infallibility ; Papacy ; Popes ; 
 
 Priests ; Protestantism ; Reformation ; 
 
 Ritualism ; Roman Catholic church ; 
 
 Romanism ; Sects ; Ultramontanism ; 
 
 Vatican. 
 Cattle. See also Barns ; Butter ; Cheese ; 
 
 Cow ; Dairy ; Domestic animals ; Milk ; 
 
 Ox ; Veterinary medicine. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Cow ; Dairy ; 
 
 Domestic animals ; Live stock ; Ox , 
 
 Stock breeding ; Veterinary medicine. 
 Caucus. See also Election (in politics). 
 Refer from Election (in politics); rolili- 
 
 cal science. 
 Cavalry. See also Horse ; Military art and 
 
 science. 
 Refer from Military art and science ; Tac- 
 tics. 
 Caves. See also Catacombs. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Grottoes ; Physi- 
 cal geography. 
 Celibacy. 
 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Chastity ; 
 
 Church history ; Church polity ; Clergy ; 
 
 Ethics ; Marriage ; Monasticism ; Priests ; 
 
 Theology ; Woman. 
 Cell, voltaic. See also Electric batteries. 
 Refer from Electric batteries ; Electricity ; 
 
 Voltaic cell. 
 Cells. See also Biology ; Embryology ; 
 
 Histology; Protoplasm. 
 Refer from Biology ; Botany ; Embry- 
 ology ; Histology ; Protoplasm ; Zoology. 
 Cement. See also Qoncx^Xe.; Glue. 
 
 Refer from Building materials ; Concrete ; 
 
 Limes ; Masonry ; Mortar. 
 Cemeteries. See also Burial ; Catacombs ; 
 
 Epitaphs ; Landscape gardening ; Tombs. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Burial ; Bury- 
 ing grounds ; Churchyards ; Graveyards ; 
 
 Landscape gardening ; Tombs. 
 
 33 
 
Cen-Cha] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Censorship of the press. See Liberty of the 
 
 press ; Prohibited books. 
 Census. See also Statistics ; also names of 
 cities, countries, states, etc. 
 Refer from Population ; Statistics ; Vital 
 statistics. 
 Ceramics. See Pottery. 
 Cereals . See Grain. 
 Ceremonies. See Etiquette ; Manners and 
 
 customs; Rites and ceremonies. 
 Certainty. See also Vi^Aei \ Faith; Truth. 
 Refer fro7n Belief; Evidence; Faith; In- 
 tellect ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Theology ; 
 Truth. 
 Chained books. 
 
 Refer from Books and reading. 
 Chains. 
 
 Refer from Cables ; Manufactures. 
 Chairs. 
 
 Refer from Furniture. 
 Chance. ^V^a/j'o Probab''ities. 
 
 Refer from Philosophy. 
 Chancellors, lord. 
 Refer from Biography ; Lawyers ; Minis- 
 ters (of state). 
 Chancery. See also Equity. 
 
 Refer from Courts ; Equity ; Law. 
 Chanting. See also Singing. 
 
 Refer from Church music ; Music ; Singing. 
 Chants. See also Anthems; Church music; 
 Hymns. 
 Refer from Anthems ; Church music ; 
 Music. 
 Chap-books. See also Ballads. 
 
 Refer from Ballads ; Literature. 
 Chapels. See also Church architecture. 
 
 Refer from Church architecture. 
 Character. See also Christian life ; Conduct 
 of life ; Ethics ; Phrenology ; Physiog- 
 nomy ; Temperament. 
 Refer from Conduct of life ; Ethics ; 
 Psychology. 
 Charades. See also Amateur theatricals ; 
 Riddles. 
 Refer from Amateur theatricals ; Amuse- 
 ments ; Drama ; Puzzles ; Riddles. 
 Charcoal drawing. 
 
 Refer from Drawing. 
 Chariots. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Carriages ; Mil- 
 itary art and science ; Vehicles. 
 Charitable societies . 
 Refer from Benevolent societies ; Charities. 
 
 34 
 
Cha-Chej LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 \^ Charities . See also Almsliouses ; Asylums ; 
 Brotherhoods ; Charitable societies ; 
 Hospitals ; Poor ; Sisterhoods ; Social 
 settlements. 
 Refer from Almshouses ; Charity ; Eco- 
 • noAics ;' Philantljropy ; Poor'^ Public 
 institutions ; Reform ; Sociology. 
 Charity. See also Charities ; Love. 
 .. Refer frotn Almsgiving ; Begging ; Be- 
 ■ ^ nevolencs j, -Ethics ; Love ; Philanthropy. 
 Charity schools. See also Ragged schools, 
 
 Refer from Education ; Schools. 
 Charms. See also Amulets ; Witchcraft. 
 Refer from Superstition ; Talismans ; 
 Witchcraft. 
 Charts. See Maps. 
 Chase, the. See Hunting. 
 Chastity. See also Celibacy. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Marriage ; Virtue ; 
 Woman. 
 Chateaux. See Castles. 
 Chattels. See Property. 
 Checkers. 
 
 Refer from Draughts ; Games. 
 Cheese. See also Dairy. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Cow ; 
 Dairy; Milk. 
 Cheirosophy. See Palmistry. 
 /^ Chemistry . See also Acids ; Adulterations ; 
 Agricultural chemistry ; Air ; Alchemy ; 
 Alcohol ; Alkalies ; Aniline colors ; Arts, 
 useful ; Assaying ; Atoms ; Blowpipe ; 
 Botanical chemistry ; Color ; Combus- 
 tion ; Cookery ; Crystallography ; Dis- 
 tillation ; Dyeing ; Electrochemistry ; 
 Evaporation ; Explosives ; Fermenta- 
 tion ; Fire ; Gas ; Gases ; Medical chem- 
 istry ; Metals ; Mineralogy ; Molecules ; 
 Paint ; Perfumery ; Pharmacy ; Phos- 
 phates ; Photography ; Physics ; Poi- 
 sons ; Receipts; Spectrum jT^\-^*>^'<i^'^«/»~- 
 Refer from Alchemy ; Analysis ; Arts, 
 useful ; Atoms ; Blowpipe ; Experi- 
 ments ; Metals ; Molecules ; Natural 
 history ; Physics ; Qualitative analysis ; 
 Quantitative analysis ; Science. 
 Chess. 
 
 Refer from Games. 
 Chest. See also Breast ; Consumption ; 
 Heart ; Lungs ; Pneumonia. 
 Refer from Breathing. 
 
 35 
 
Chi-Chll LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Chicken-pox. 
 Refer from Children, Diseases; Medicine, 
 practice of; Skin. 
 Chickens. See Poultry. 
 Chief ju.stices. See also Judges. 
 
 Refer from Biography; Judges; Lawyers. I 
 phild study . See also Kindergarten; Psy- 
 chology. 
 Refer froin Education ; Kindergarten ; 
 Psychology ; Teaching. 
 !-■ Children. See also Adoption ; Boys ; Chil- 
 dren's crusade ; Children's literature ; 
 Consolation ; Education ; Family ; Found- 
 lings ; Girls ; Heredity ; Kindergarten ; 
 Labor ; Mothers ; Orphans ; Parents ; 
 Reformatories ; Sunday schools ; Twins. 
 Refer from Boys ; Domestic education ; 
 Education ; Ethics ; Family ; Girls ; 
 Home ; Infants ; Kindergarten ; Labor ; 
 Mothers : Parents ; Sociology ; Woman ; 
 Young people, 
 t.' Cliildren, Diseases. See also Chicken-pox; 
 Cholera infantum ; Croup ; Scarlatina ; 
 Scarlet fever. 
 Refer from Hygiene ; Medicine, practice of. 
 Children's crusade, 121 2. 
 
 Refer from Children ; Crusades. 
 , Children's literature. 
 
 Refer frotn Books and reading ; Children ; 
 Juvenile literature ; Literature ; Stories. 
 ;. Children's poetry. '* 
 
 «-. Refer fronuV ottry . 
 Chiming. &^ Bells. 
 Chimney sweeping. 
 
 Refer from Sweeping. 
 Chimneys. See also Heating ; Ventilation. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Fires ; Heating ; 
 Ventilation. 
 China. See Pottery. 
 China painting. See also Pottery. 
 
 Refer from Decoration and ornament ; 
 Painting; Pottery. 
 Chiromancy. See Palmistry. 
 Chivalry. See also Crusades ; Feudalism ; 
 Heraldry; Malta, knights of; Middle 
 ages ; Templars ; Tournaments. 
 Refer from Crusades ; Feudalism ; Her- 
 aldry ; Knight-errantry ; Knighthood ; 
 Middle ages ; Orders of knighthood ; 
 Religious orders ; Templars ; Tourna- 
 ments. 
 Chloroform. See also Anesthetics. 
 Refer from Anesthetics. 
 
 36 
 
Cho-Chr] LIST OF SUBJFCT HEADINGS 
 
 Cholera, Asiatic. 
 Refer frovi Contagion ; Epidemics ; Medi- 
 cine, practice of. 
 
 Cholera infantum. 
 Refer from Children, Diseases. 
 
 Cholera morbus. 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of. 
 
 Ciirist. 3"^^ Jesus Christ. 
 
 Caristendom. See Christianity; Church 
 history ; History. 
 
 Christian. See also Church ; Religions. 
 Refer from Ecclesiastical; Theology. 
 
 Christian antiquities. See Church antiqui- 
 ties. 
 
 Christian art and symbolism. See also 
 Arts, fine ; Catacombs ; Cathedrals ; 
 Church architecture ; Church furniture ; 
 Church vestments ; Cross ; Rites and 
 ceremonies ; Saints 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Arts, fine ; Christian symbolism ; Church 
 antiquities ; Church architecture ; Eccle- 
 siastical art ; Emblems ; Iconograph}- ; 
 Jesus Christ ; Mary, virgin ; Religious 
 art ; Sacred art ; Saints ; Symbolism. 
 
 Christian biography. See also Apostles ; 
 Apostolic fathers ; Archbishops ; Bish- 
 ops ; Cardinals ; Fathers of the church ; 
 Hermits ; Martyrs ; Ministers ; Mission- 
 aries ; Monasticism ; Nonconformists ; 
 Pilgrim fathers ; Popes ; Preachers ; 
 Puritans ; Reformers ; Saints. 
 Refer from Archbishops ; Biography- ; 
 Church biography ; Church history ; 
 Church of England ; Ecclesiastical 
 biography ; Martyrs ; Ministers (of the 
 gospel) ; Religion ; Religious biography. 
 
 Christian character. See Christian life. 
 
 Christian doctrine. See Theo'ogy. 
 
 Christian education. See Religious edu- 
 cation. 
 
 Christian life. See also Conduct of life ; Con- 
 version ; Devotional exercises ; Faith ; 
 Monasticism ; Prayer ; Religious educa- 
 tion ; Revivals. 
 ^efer frorn Christian character; Conduct 
 of life ; Conversion ; Ethics ; Life ; Relig- 
 ion. 
 
 Christian science. 
 Refer from Faith-cure ; Mind-cure ; Thera- 
 peutics. 
 
 Christian symbolism. See Christian art. 
 
 37 
 
Chr-Chu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Christian union. 
 
 Refer from Church polity ; Church unity ; 
 Sects ; Theology. 
 Christianity. See also Bible; Catholic 
 church ; Church history ; God ; Miracles ; 
 Missions ; Protestantism ; Religion ; 
 Sects; Theology; also headings begin- 
 ning with Christian and Church, and 
 the references under all the above. 
 Refer from Apologetics ; Bible ; Catholic 
 church ; Christendom ; Church history ; 
 Deism ; Evidences of Christianity ; Jesus 
 Christ ; Natural religion ; Philosophy ; 
 Religion ; Religions ; Revelation ; Soci- 
 ology ; Theism ; Theology. 
 Christmas. See also Carols ; Church deco- 
 ration and ornament. 
 Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Holidays ; 
 Jesus Christ. 
 Chromatics. See Color. 
 
 Chromolithography. See also Color ; Lithog- 
 raphy. 
 Refer from Color ; Lithography. 
 Chronology. See also Calendar ; History ; 
 Time ; Year ; also names of countries 
 and periods. 
 Refer fro7n Almanacs ; Annals ; Astron- 
 omy ; Calendar ; Dates ; History ; Time ; 
 Year. 
 Church, the. See also Church architecture; 
 Church history ; Church polity ; etc. 
 Refer from Christian ; Ecclesiastical ; 
 Theology. 
 Church and state. See also Catholic church ; 
 Church history ; Church of England ; 
 Church polity ; Disestablishment ; Lib- 
 erty of conscience. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- 
 tory ; Church of England ; Church polity ; 
 Disestablishment ; Political science ; 
 Religious liberty ; State church. 
 Church antiquities. See also Baptism ; Bells ; 
 Catacombs ; Christian art and symbol- 
 ism ; Church architecture ; Church furni- 
 ture ; Church vestments ; Fasts and feasts ; 
 Funerals ; Lord's supper ; Marriage ; 
 Relics ; Rites and ceremonies ; Shrines. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Christian an- 
 tiquities ; Church ceremonies ; Church 
 history ; Church polity ; Ecclesiastical 
 antiquities ; Rites and ceremonies. 
 Church architecture. See also Abbeys ; Bap- 
 tisteries ; Basilicas ; Cathedrals ; Chapels ; 
 
Chu-Chu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Christian art and symbolism ; Crypts ; 
 Gothic architecture ; Spires ; Temples ; 
 Towers. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Basilicas ; Cathe- 
 drals ; Chapels ; Christian art and sym- 
 bolism ; Church ; Church antiquities ; 
 Churches ; Ecclesiastical architecture ; 
 Gothic architecture ; Religious art. 
 
 Church benefices. See Church property. 
 
 Church biography. See Christian biography. 
 
 Church ceremonies. See Church antiquities ; 
 Fasts and feasts ; Rites and ceremonies. 
 
 Church costume. See Church vestments. 
 
 Church councils. See Councils. 
 
 Church decoration and ornament. See also 
 Floral decoration. 
 Refer from Christmas ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Floral decoration. 
 
 Church dedication. 
 Refer from Church polity ; Churches ; 
 Consecration ; Dedication of churches ; 
 Rites and ceremonies. 
 
 Church fathers. See Fathers of the church. 
 
 Church festivals. See Fasts and feasts. 
 
 Church furniture. See also Altars ; Bap- 
 tismal fonts ; Pulpits ; Shrines. 
 Refer from. Christian art and symbolism ; 
 Church antiquities ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Ecclesiastical furniture ; 
 Furniture. 
 
 Church government. See Church polity. 
 
 Church history. See also Abbeys ; Albi- 
 genses ; Apostles ; Apostolic fathers ; 
 Apostolic succession ; Arianism ; Bible ; 
 Canonization ; Catacombs ; Cathedrals ; 
 Catholic church ; Celibacy ; Christian 
 biography ; Christianity ; Church and 
 state ; Church antiquities ; Church law ; 
 Church polity ; Confession ; Convents ; 
 Councils ; Covenanters ; Creeds ; Cru- 
 sades ; Dissenters ; Eastern churches ; 
 Episcopacy ; Fathers of the church ; 
 Greek church ; Heresy ; Huguenots ; 
 Inquisition ; Jansenists ; Jesuits ; Jews ; 
 Martyrs ; Middle ages ; Miracles ; Mis- 
 sions ; Monasticism ; Nunneries ; Perse- 
 cution ; Popes ; Protestantism ; Reforma- 
 tion ; Religious liberty ; Revivals ; Sects ; 
 Sisterhoods ; Theology [for history of 
 doctrines] ; Waldenses ; Witchcraft ; 
 also the names of churches, councils, 
 countries, orders, sects, etc. 
 Refer from Apostolic church ; Bible ; 
 
 39 
 
Chu-Chu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Catholic church ; Christendom ; Christi- 
 anity ; Church ; Church and state ; Church 
 law ; Church of England ; Church polity ; 
 Councils ; Ecclesiastical history ; Greek 
 church ; History ; History, modern ; Ref- 
 ormation ; Religion ; Religious history ; 
 Sacred history; Theology. 
 
 Church law. See also Apostolic constitu- 
 tions ; Benefit of clergy ; Catholic church ; 
 Church history ; Church of England ; 
 Church polity ; Councils ; Divorce ; Mar- 
 riage ; Tithes ; also the names of 
 churches. 
 Refer from Canon law ; Catholic Church ; 
 Church of England ; Church polity ; 
 Ecclesiastical law ; Law. 
 
 Church membership. See also Baptism ; 
 Church polity ; Close communion ; Con- 
 firmation ; Creeds ; Lord's supper. 
 Refer frojn Church polity ; Confirmation ; 
 Lord's supper. 
 
 Church music. See also Anthems; Burial 
 service ; Carols ; Chanting ; Chants ; 
 Hymns ; Masses ; Oratorio ; Organ. 
 Refer from Anthems ; Catholic church ; 
 Chants ; Devotional exercises ; Hymns ; 
 Music ; Organ ; Psalmody ; Sacred music ; 
 Songs ; Vocal music; Worship. 
 
 Church of England. See also Apostles' 
 creed : Apostolic succession ; Arch- 
 bishops ; Athanasian creed ; Bishops ; 
 Cathedrals ; Catholic church ; Christian 
 biography ; Church and stale ; Church 
 history; Church law; Church polity; 
 Church property ; Church rates ; Clergy ; 
 Confession ; Confirmation ; Creeds ; Dis- 
 establishment ; Dissenters ; Episcopacy ; 
 Fasts and feasts; Martyrs; Nicene 
 creed ; Nonconformists ; Nonjurors ; 
 Oxford movement; Priests; Protestant 
 episcopal church; Puritans; Ritualism; 
 Sacraments ; Sisterhoods ; Tithes. 
 Refer from Articles, thirty-nine; Church 
 and state; Church law; Disestablish- 
 ment; Dissenters; England, church of; 
 Episcopacy ; Episcopal church ; Noncon- 
 formists ; Protestant episcopal church in 
 the U. S.; Puritans; Ritualism; Sects; 
 Thirty-nine articles. 
 
 Church of Scotland. See also Covenanters ; 
 Presbyterianism ; Reformation. 
 Refer from Covenanters ; Presbyterianism. 
 
 Church polity. See also Absolution ; Apos- 
 
 40 
 
Chu-Cir] LIST OF SUBJKCT HEADING;': 
 
 tolic succession ; Asceticism ; Baptism ; 
 Benefit of clergy ; Bv otlierlioods ; Cardi- 
 nals ; Celibacy ; Christian union ; Church 
 and state ; Church antiquities ; Church 
 dedication ; Church history ; Church law ; 
 Church membership ; Church propert}- ; 
 Church rates ; Clergy ; Confession ; Con- 
 firmation ; Congregationalism ; Councils ; 
 Deaconesses ; Deacons ; Disestablish- 
 ment ; Episcopacy ; Excommunication ; 
 Fasts and feasts ; Free churches ; In- 
 dulgences ; Lord's supper ; Methodism ; 
 Ministers ; Monasticism ; Ordination ; 
 Penance ; Popes ; Preaching ; Presby- 
 terianism ; Priests ; Religious liberty ; 
 Rites and ceremonies ; Ritualism ; Sac- 
 raments ; Sisterhoods ; Tithes ; Worship. 
 Refer from Church ; Church and state ; 
 Church government ; Church history ; 
 Church law ; Church membership ; 
 Church of England ; Congregationalism ; 
 Ecclesiastical polity ; Protestant epis- 
 copal church in the U. S. ; Religion; 
 Theology. 
 
 Church property. 
 
 Refer from Church beneficies ; Church of 
 England ; Church polity ; Property. 
 
 Church rates. See also Tithes. 
 Refer from Church of England ; Church 
 polity ; Dissenters ; Tithes. 
 
 Church services. See Liturgies ; also names 
 of churches and sects. 
 
 Church unity. See Christian union. 
 
 Church vestments. See also Costume. 
 
 Refer from Christian art and symbolism ; 
 Church antiquities ; Church costume ; 
 Costume ; Ecclesiastical costume ; Re- 
 galia ; Vestments. 
 
 Churches. See Church architecture ; Church 
 dedication ; Free churches. 
 
 Churchyards. See Cemeteries. 
 
 Cipher. 
 Refer from Abbreviations ; Cryptography ; 
 Secret writing ; Sign language ; Writ- 
 ing. 
 
 Circle. 
 Refer from Curves ; Geometry. 
 
 Circulation of the blood. See Blood. 
 
 Circumcision. 
 Refer from Jews. 
 
 Circumnavigation. See Voyages around the 
 world. 
 
 Circumstantial evidence. See Evidence, 
 
 41 
 
Cir-CxaJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Circus. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Hippodrome. 
 Cistercians. 
 
 Refer from Monasticisra. 
 Cities. See also Boroughs ; Markets ; Munic- 
 ipal government ; Towns. 
 Refer from Boroughs ; Local govern- 
 ment ; Municipal government ; Soci- 
 ology ; Towns. 
 Citizenship. See also Allegiance ; Civit 
 rights; Naturalization; Patriotism. 
 Refer from Aliens ; Allegiance ; Election 
 (in politics) ; International law ; Natural- 
 ization ; Political science ; Suffrage. 
 Civil engineering. See Engineering ; Sur- 
 
 vej'ing. 
 Civil government. See Political science. 
 Civil law. See also Law, and the references 
 under that subject. 
 Refer from Law ; Roman law. 
 Civil liberty. See Liberty. 
 Civil rights. 
 
 Refer from Citizenship ; Law ; Political 
 science. 
 Civil service. See also Examinations. 
 Refer from Competitive examinations ; 
 Examinations; Office, tenure of; Politi- 
 cal science ; Reform; Spoils system. 
 Civil war. See U. S., History, Civil war; 
 also names of other countries in which 
 civil wars have taken place. 
 Civiliz ation. See also Archaeology ; Culture ; 
 Education ; Ethics ; History ; Man ; 
 Sociology. 
 Refer from Anthropology ; Archaeology ; 
 Culture ; Ethics ; History ; History, 
 philosophy of; Man ; Political science ; 
 Progress ; Social science ; Sociology. 
 Clairvoyance. See also Animal magnetism ; 
 Mind-reading. 
 Refer from Animal magnetism ; Divina- 
 tion ; Fortune-telling ; Mind-reading ; 
 Second sight; Spiritualism. 
 Classical antiquities. See also Archaeology ; 
 Classical dictionaries ; Greece ; Mythol- 
 ogy ; Rome. 
 Refer from Archaeology. 
 Classical biography. See also Greece ; 
 Rome. 
 Refer from Biography. 
 Classical dictionaries. See also Greece ; Rome. 
 Refer from Classical antiquities; Diction- 
 aries ; Mythology. 
 
 43 
 
Cla-CloJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Classical education. See also Colleges. 
 Refer from Colleges and universities ; 
 Education ; Language. 
 Classical geography. See Geography, 
 
 ancient. 
 Classical literature. .5"^^ also Greek litera- 
 ture ; Latin literature. 
 Refer from Literature. 
 Classification. See also Cataloging; 
 Libraries. 
 Refer from Bibliography ; Books and 
 reading ; Cataloging ; Libraries ; Natural 
 history. 
 Cleaning . See also Bleaching; Dyeing; 
 Soap ; Street cleaning ; Sweeping. 
 Refer from Bleaching ; Dyeing ; Scouring. 
 Cleanliness. See also Baths and bathing ; 
 Disinfection. 
 Refer from Domestic economy; Hygiene. 
 Clergy. See also Benefit of clergy ; Celibacy ; 
 Curates ; Deacons ; Ministers ; Ordi- 
 nation ; Preachers ; Preaching ; Priests* 
 Refer from Church of England ; Church 
 polity ; Ministers (of the gospel) ; Pastors ; 
 Preachers ; Priests ; Rectors ; Theology.. 
 ClifT-dwellings. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Indians of North America; Pueblos. 
 Climate. See also Meteorology ; Tempera- 
 ture ; Weather. 
 Refer from Ethnology ; Hygiene ; Mete- 
 orology ; Physical geography ; Tem- 
 perature ; Weather. 
 Climbing plants. 
 
 Refer from ^ot?iny\ Vines. 
 Clinical medicine. See also Diagnosis ; 
 Pathology. 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of. 
 Clocks and watches. See also Pendulum ; 
 Timekeepers. 
 Refer from Horology ; Manufactures ; 
 Timekeepers ; Watches. 
 Close communion. See also Baptists ; 
 Lord's supper. 
 Refer from Baptism ; Baptists ; Church 
 membership ; Communion ; Lord's 
 supper. 
 Cloth. See Textile fabrics. 
 Clothing, See also Costume ; Dressmaking ; 
 Textile fabrics. 
 Refer from Costume ; Dress ; Dry Goods ; 
 Manufactures ; Textile fabrics. 
 
 43 
 
Clo-Col] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Clouds. See also Meteorology. 
 
 Refer from Meteorology. 
 Clubs. See also Book clubs ; Societies. 
 A'lfer from Corporations ; Societies ; 
 Sociology. 
 Coaches. See Carriages ; Coaching. 
 Coaching. See also Driving. 
 Refer from Amusements ; Carriages ; 
 Coaches; Driving; Horsemanship; 
 Locomotion ; Riding ; Stage-coaches ; 
 Vehicles. 
 Coal. See also Aniline colors; Coal gas; 
 Mines and mining. 
 Refer from Fuel ; Geology ; Mineralogy ; 
 Mines and mining. 
 Coal gas. See also Gas. 
 Refer from Coal ; Gas . 
 Coal-tar colors. See Aniline colors. 
 Coast pilots. 
 
 Rejer frojn Navigation. 
 Coast survey. See U. S., Coast Survey. 
 
 Coats of arms. See YieraXAry . C«"'0*~*^ 
 
 Coeducation. .S>« Woman, Educalion. 
 Coffee. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Beverages ; 
 Cookery; Stimulants and narcotics. 
 Coffins. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology; Burial. 
 Cog-wheels. See Gearing. 
 Coinage. See Free coinage ; Money. 
 Coins and medals. See also Money. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; 
 Gold ; History ; Medals ; Money ; Numis- 
 matics ; Silver. 
 Cold. See also Frost ; Heat. 
 
 Refer from Heat ; Meteorology ; Tem- 
 perature. 
 
 Cold (diseas e'). See also Bronchitis; 
 Catarrh. 
 Refer fro7n Catarrh ; Medicine, practice of. 
 
 Coleoptera. See Beetles. 
 
 Collecting. See also article collected. 
 
 Collectivism. .i)>« Socialism. 
 
 College settlements. See Social settlements. 
 
 Colleges and universities. See rt/yo Agricult- 
 ural colleges ; Classical education ; Educ.i- 
 tion ; Medical education ; Students ; Lhii- 
 versity extension ; Woman, Education. 
 Refer from Classical education ; Educa- 
 tion ; Schools ; Students ; Universities. 
 
 Collisions. See also Shipwrecks. 
 Refer from Accidents ; Navigation ; Ship- 
 wrecks 
 
 44 
 
Col-ComJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Colonies. See also names of colonies and 
 names of countries having colonies. 
 Refer from Colonization ; Immigration ; 
 Political science; Sociology. 
 Colonization. See Colonies ; also African 
 
 colonization. 
 Color. See also Aniline colors ; Chromo- 
 lithography ; Dyeing; Light; Painting. 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Chromatics ; 
 Chromolithography ; Dyeing ; Light ; 
 Paint; Painting; Painting, mechanical; 
 Pigments. 
 Color-blindness. 
 
 Refer from Blind ; Eye ; Light ; Sight. 
 Color of animals. 
 lief .r from Animal coloration ; Evolution; 
 Zoology. 
 Color of flowers. See also Fertilization of 
 plants. 
 Refer from Botany ; Evolution ; Fertili- 
 zation of plants; Flowers. 
 Color of man. 
 Refer from Complexion ; Ethnology ; Face ; 
 Man; Negroes; Physiology; Skin. 
 Color-sense. 
 
 Refer from Psychology ; Senses ; Vision. 
 Colored people. See Freedmen ; Negroes; 
 
 Slavery. 
 Columns. 
 
 Refer from Architecture. 
 Cdmbat, trial by. See Wager of battle. 
 Combustion. See also Fire ; Smoke. 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Fire ; Heat. 
 Comedy. See Drama. 
 Comets. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy. 
 Comic literature. See Satire; Wit and 
 
 humor. 
 Commandments, ten. 
 
 Refer from Bible; Decalogue; Ethics; 
 Ten commandments. 
 Commentaries. See Bible, or other subject 
 
 commented on. 
 Commerce. See also Adulterations ; Adver- 
 tising ; Auctions ; Bankruptcy ; Banks ; 
 Bookkeeping ; Bookselling ; Business ; 
 Canals ; Capital ; Commercial corres- 
 pondence ; Commercial law; Commer- 
 cial travelers; Competition; Contracts; 
 Cooperation ; Corporations ; Credit ; 
 Docks ; Dry-goods ; Economics ; Embar- 
 go laws ; Exchange ; Exportation ; Fairs ; 
 Finance ; Grangers ; Groceries ; Har- 
 
 45 
 
Com-Com] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 bors ; Hardware ; Inland navigation ; In- 
 surance ; Interest ; Loans ; Manufactures ; 
 Markets ; Merchants ; Money ; Monopo- 
 lies ; Navigation ; Panics ; Partnership ; 
 Pawn-broking ; Prices ; Profit-sharing ; 
 Railroads; Signboards; Smuggling; 
 Speculation ; Stationery ; Statistics ; 
 Steam navigation ; Stocks ; Tarifif; 
 Trade-marks ; Trade-unions ; Transpor- 
 tation ; Trusts. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Business ; 
 Carriers ; Economics ; Exportation ; 
 Finance ; Imports ; Manufactures ; Mer- 
 chandise ; Merchants ; Money ; Naviga- 
 tion ; Ocean ; Ships ; Trade ; Trans- 
 portation. 
 
 Commercial correspondence. 
 
 Refer from Business education ; Com- 
 merce ; Correspondence ; Letter-writing. 
 
 Commercial crises. See Panics. 
 
 Commercial education. See Business educa- 
 tion. 
 
 Commercial law. See also Admiralty ; 
 Agents ; Arbitration, industrial ; Assign- 
 ments ; Attachment ; Bankruptcy ; Car- 
 riers ; Consuls ; Contracts ; Conveyanc- 
 ing ; Corporations ; Debt ; Exchange ; 
 Insurance ; Maritime law ; Negotiable 
 instruments ; Partnership ; Principal and 
 agent; Sale; Trusts. 
 Refer from Admiralty ; Business ; Com- 
 merce ; Consuls ; Law ; Mercantile law ; 
 Merchants ; Negotiable instruments ; 
 Sale. 
 
 Commercial travelers. 
 
 Refer from Business ; Commerce ; Drum- 
 mers ; Merchants; Salesmen, traveling; 
 Travelers. 
 
 Common carriers. See Carriers. 
 
 Common law. See also Law, and references 
 under that subject. 
 Refer from Law. 
 
 Common schools. See Public schools. 
 
 Commonplace books. 
 Refer from Literature. 
 
 Commons (public grounds) . 
 Refer from 'LznA ; Parks. 
 
 Commons, house of. See England. 
 
 Commonwealth of England. See England, 
 History. 
 
 Commune, Paris. See France ; Paris. 
 
 Communion. See Close communion ; Lord's 
 supper. 
 
 46 
 
Com-Con] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Communism. See also Individualism ; So- 
 cialism. 
 Refer from Coo'ptrdi\xon.\ Economics; In- 
 dividualism ; Labor ; Political science ; 
 Profit-sharing ; Property ; Socialism ; 
 Sociology. 
 
 Commutators. 
 Refer from Electricity; Electromagnets. 
 
 Comparative anatomy, etc. Enter under sub- 
 ject compared, as Anatomy, Language, 
 Theology, Zoology, etc. 
 
 Compass. 
 
 Refer from Magnetic needle ; Magnetism ; 
 Mariner's compass ; Navigation ; Varia- 
 tion of the compass. 
 
 Compensation. See Damages ; Wages. 
 
 Competition. See also Demand and supply ; 
 Monopolies. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Demand and 
 supply ; Economics ; Monopolies. 
 
 Competitive examinations. See Civil ser- 
 vice; Examinations. 
 
 Complexion. See Color of man. 
 
 Composers. See Musicians. 
 
 Composite photography. 
 Refer from Photography. 
 
 Composition . See Arts, fine ; Letter- 
 writing ; Painting ; Printing ; Rhetoric. 
 
 Composition, musical. See also Counter- 
 point ; Harmony ; Music. 
 Refer from Music. 
 
 Compressed air. 
 
 Refer from Air ; Motors ; Pneumatic trans- 
 mission. 
 Compromise. 
 
 Refer from Ethics. 
 Compulsory education. 
 
 Refer fro?n Education. 
 Concerts. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Music. 
 Conchology. See Mollusks. 
 Concordance. See Bible ; also names of 
 authors of whom concordances are made. 
 Concrete. See also Cement. 
 
 Refer from Cement ; Masonry ; Pave- 
 ments. 
 Condemned books. See Prohibited books. 
 Conduct of life. See also Boys ; Character ; 
 Christian life ; Convensation ; Duty ; 
 Ethics ; Etiquette ; Girls ; Habit ; Self- 
 culture ; Success ; Young people. 
 Refer from Character ; Christian life ; 
 Duty ; Ethic=, practical ; Life ; Self- 
 
 47 
 
Coa-Con] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 culture ; Success ; Young men ; Young 
 women. 
 Confectionery . 
 
 Refer from Candy ; Cookery ; Manufact- 
 ures. 
 Confession. See also Absolution ; Creeds ; 
 Penance. 
 liefer from Absolution ; Auricular con- 
 fession ; Catholic church ; Church history ; 
 Church of England ; Church polity ; Pen- 
 ance ; Repentance ; Sin ; Theology. 
 Confirmation. See also Church membership ; 
 Lord's supper. 
 Refer from Church membership ; Church 
 of England ; Church polity ; Protestant 
 episcopal church in the U.S.; Rites and 
 ceremonies ; Sacraments ; Theology. 
 Confiscation. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Property. 
 Conflagrations. See Fires. 
 Confucianism. 
 
 Refer from Ancestor-worship ; Religions. 
 Congregationalism. See also Antinomian- 
 ism ; Baptists ; Brownists ; Church polity ; 
 Dissenters; Friends, society of; Ortho- 
 doxy ; Presbyterianism ; Puritans ; Uni- 
 tarianism ; Universalism. 
 Refer from Brownists ; Calvinism ; Church 
 polity ; Dissenters ; Independents ; Ortho- 
 doxy ; Puritans ; Sects. 
 Congress. See U. S., Congress; a/j-o names 
 of places at which congresses were held 
 or names of bodies holding them. 
 Conic sections. See also Curves ; Geometry ; 
 Mathematics. 
 Refer from Curves ; Geometry ; Mathe- 
 matics. 
 Conjuring. See also Witchcraft. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Juggling ; Leger- 
 demain ; Magic ; Necromancy ; Prestidig- 
 itation ; Sleight of hand. 
 Consanguinity. See also Marriage. 
 
 Refer from Ethnology ; Marriage. 
 Conscience. See also Liberty of conscience. 
 Refer from Cases of conscience ; Casuistry ; 
 Ethics ; Religion ; Theology. 
 Consciousness. See also Subconsciousness. 
 
 Refer from Philosophy ; Psychology. 
 Conscription. 
 
 Refer from Drafting; Military art and 
 science. 
 Consecration. See Church dedication. 
 Conservation of energy. See Force. 
 
 4S 
 
Con-ConJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Conservatories. See Greenhouses. 
 Consolation 
 Jiefer from Affliction ; Children ; Death ; 
 Devotional exercises ; Ethics ; Religion ; 
 Suffering. 
 Conspiracies. 
 
 Refer from Criminal law ; History. 
 Constables. See also Arrest. 
 
 Refer from County officers ; Law ; Police. 
 Constellations. 5'«^ Astronomy ; Stars. 
 Constitutional law. 
 
 Refer from Law; U. S., Constitution. 
 Constitutions. See this subhead under names 
 of countries, states, etc. ; also names of 
 societies, etc. 
 Consuls. See also Commercial law; Diplo- 
 macy. 
 Refer from Commercial Law ; Diplomacy ; 
 International law. 
 Consumption. See also Lungs. 
 Refer from Breathing ; Chest ; Lungs ; 
 Medicine, practice of; Tuberculosis. 
 Contagion. See also Bacteria ; Blaclc death ; 
 Cholera ; Disinfection ; Epidemics ; 
 Fever ; Fumigation ; Germ theory ; 
 Plague ; Putrefaction ; Quarantine ; Scar- 
 let fever; Smallpox; Typhoid fever; 
 Yellow fever. 
 Refer from Epidemics ; Hygiene, public ; 
 Infection ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Putre- 
 faction. 
 Contemporaries. 
 
 Refer from Biography. 
 Contentment. See also Happiness. 
 
 Refer from Ethics; Happiness; Pleasure. 
 Contracts. 5'««a&o Assignments ; Bailments ; 
 Debt; Deeds; Insurance; Mortgages; 
 Partnership ; Principal and agent ; Salq. 
 Refer from Agreements ; Commerce ; Com- 
 mercial law ; Law ; Principal and agent. 
 Contusions. See Bruises. 
 Conundrums. See Riddles. 
 Conventions See names of political parties, 
 
 denominations, societies, etc. 
 Convents. See also Abbeys; Monasteries; 
 Monasticism ; Nunneries. 
 Refer from Abbeys ; Catholic church ; 
 Church history ;' Monasteries ; Monasti- 
 cism ; Nunneries ; Sisterhoods ; Woman. 
 Conversation. See also Table-talk. 
 Refer from Conduct of life ; Language ; 
 Rhetoric ; Self-culture ; Speech ; Talking. 
 Conversion. See also Christian life ; Mis- 
 
 49 
 
Con-Cor] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 sions ; Regeneration ; Repentance ; Re- 
 vivals. 
 Refer from Christian life ; Missions ; Re- 
 generation ; Repentance ; Revivals ; Sal- 
 vation ; Theology. 
 
 Conveyancing. See also Deeds ; Forms (in 
 law) ; Real property. 
 Refer front Commercial law ; Deeds ; Forms 
 (in law) ; Law ; Property ; Real property ; 
 Sale; Titles. 
 
 Convicts. See Criminals. 
 
 Cooker^L See also Baking ; Bread ; Carving ; 
 Coffee ; Confectionery ; Cooking schools ; 
 Desserts; Diet; Dining; Dinners; Do- 
 mestic economy ; Food ; Kitchen ; Pre- 
 serving ; Salads 
 Refer from Arts, useful; Baking; Bread; 
 Carving (meat, etc.) ; Chemistry ; Des- 
 serts ; Diet ; Dining ; Domestic economy ; 
 Eating ; Eggs ; Food ; Gastronomy ; 
 Kitchen ; Pastry ; Preserving ; Receipts ; 
 Salads ; Table, the ; Vegetables. 
 
 Cooking schools. 
 
 Refer from Cookery ; Education. 
 
 Cooperation. See also Building associa- 
 tions; Communism; Profit-sharing; 
 Socialism ; Trade-unions. 
 Refer from Association ; Commerce ; 
 Economics; Labor; Profit-sharing; 
 Socialism; Sociology; Trade-unions. 
 
 Cooperative building associations. See 
 Building associations. 
 
 Copyright. 
 
 Refer from Authors ; Books and reading ; 
 Bookselling ; Intellectual property ; Inter- 
 national copyright ; Law ; Literary 
 property ; Literature ; Playright ; Prop- 
 erty ; Publishing. 
 
 Corn, Indian. See Maize. 
 
 Corn laws. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Economics ; 
 Law ; Tariff. 
 
 Coronations. See also Q.xo^\\%. 
 
 Refer from Crowns ; Monarchy ; Rites 
 and ceremonies. 
 
 Coroners. 
 Refer from County officers ; Death ; 
 Law. 
 
 Corporal punishment. See also Flogging. 
 Refer from Education ; Flogging ; Pun- 
 ishment ; Rod, the ; Teaching ; Whip- 
 ping. 
 
 Corporations. See also Bankruptcy ; Bonds ; 
 
 50 
 
Cor-Cou] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Clubs ; Investments ; Municipal cor- 
 i\\ r . porations ; Receivers ; Stocks ; Trusts. 
 J^efer frdm Associations ; Bonds ; Com- 
 merce ; Commercial law; i Joint-stock 
 companies ; Law ; Partnership ; Societies ; 
 Sociology ; Stock companies ; Stocks. 
 Corpulence. 
 
 Refer from Fat ; Food ; Obesity. 
 Correlation of forces. See Force. 
 Correspondence. See Commercial corre- 
 spondence ; Letter-writing ; Letters. 
 Corsairs. See Pirates. 
 Cosmetics. See also Perfumery ; Toilet. 
 Refer from Beauty, personal ; Costume ; 
 Toilet. 
 Cosmogony. See Universe. 
 Cosmography. See Universe. 
 Cosmology. See Universe. 
 Cost. See also Prices ; Value. 
 
 Rifer from Economics ; Value. 
 Costs. 
 
 Refer from Actions at law ; Law. 
 Costume. See also Arms and armor ; 
 Bracelets ; Church vestments ; Clothing ; 
 Cosmetics ; Dressmaking ; Fan ; Fash- 
 ion ; Gloves ; Hats ; Head-gear ; Hosiery ; 
 Jewelry ; Masks ; Millinery ; Perfumery ; 
 Regalia; Shoes; Toilet; Umbrella. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; 
 Beauty, personal ; Church vestments ; 
 Clothing ; Dress ; Fashion ; History ; 
 Manners and customs ; Millinery ; 
 Regalia ; Style ; Toilet ; Woman. 
 ^Cottages, .y^^fl/jo Architecture, domestic. 
 Refer from Architecture, domestic ; 
 Rural architecture; Villas. 
 Cotton . See also Dyeing ; Textile fabrics ; 
 Weaving. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Fibres ; Textile 
 fabrics ; Yarn. 
 Cough. See Bronchitis. 
 
 Councils. See also Church history ; also 
 names of places at which councils were 
 held. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church 
 councils ; Church history ; Church law ; 
 Church polity ; Fathers of the church ; 
 Synods. 
 Counterfeits. See also Bank notes ; Im- 
 posture ; Money ; Paper money. 
 Refer from Bank notes ; Imposture ; 
 Money. 
 
 SI 
 
Cou-Cre] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Counterpoint. 
 Refer from Composition, musical ; Har- 
 mony ; Music. 
 Country life.. See also Agriculture ; Camp- 
 ing ; Gardening ; Hunting ; Outdoor life ; 
 Pastoral poetry ; Peasantry; Sports. 
 Refer from Outdoor life ; Rural life. 
 County officers. See also Constables ; 
 Coroners ; Sheriffs. 
 Refer from Law ; Local government. 
 Coup d'6tat. See France, History. 
 Courage. See also Heroes. 
 
 Refer from Ethics. 
 Court fools. See Fools. 
 Courtesy. See Etiquette. 
 Courts. See also dryicery ; Jurisdiction ; 
 
 Law ; Moot courts. 
 ' Refer from Law^ ^ 
 
 ^Courts martial:* '•>S'*fl/j» 'Milit^y laX- ^ ^ - 
 
 Refer frojn Law ; Military Urf. 
 Courtship. See also Love ; Marriage. 
 
 Refer from Love ; Marriage. 
 Covenanters. See also Church of Scotland. 
 Refer from Church history ; Church of 
 Scotland; Presbyterianism. 
 Cow. See also Butter ; Cattle ; Cheese ; 
 Dairy ; Milk. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Dairy ; 
 Domestic animals ; Milk. 
 Cranes. 
 
 Refer frotn Machinery. 
 Craniology. See Skull. 
 Crayon drawing. 
 
 Refer from Drawing. 
 Creation. See also Bible ; Earth ; Evolutioh , 
 Geology ; God ; Man ; Religion and 
 science ; Universe. 
 Refer from Bible ; Earth ; Evolution ; 
 Geology ; God ; Man ; Natural religion ; 
 Philosophy ; Religion and science ; 
 Theology ; Universe. 
 Credit. See also Banks ; Money. 
 Refer from Banks ; Bills of credit ; Bills of 
 exchange ; Business ; Commerce ; Debt ; 
 Economics ; Finance ; Money ; Specula- 
 tion. 
 Creeds. See also Apostles' creed ; Athanasian 
 creed ; Catechisms ; Nicene creed ; also 
 names of sects. 
 Refer from Belief; Catechisms; Church 
 history ; Church membership ; Church ot 
 England ; Confession ; Faith ; Symbolics ; 
 Symbolism (in theology) ; Theology. 
 
 S2 
 
Cre-Cru] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Cremation. 
 Refer from Burial ; Burning the dead ; 
 Death ; Hygiene, public. 
 Crests. See Heraldry. 
 Cribbage. 
 
 Refer from Cards. 
 Cricket. 
 
 Refer from Ball ; Games ; Sports. 
 Crime. See also Brigands ; Capital punish- 
 ment ; Criminal law ; Criminals ; Police ; 
 Prisons ; Punishment ; Reformatories ; 
 Robbers ; Tramps ; Trials ; Woman, 
 Law. 
 Refer from Criminal law ; Criminology ; 
 Dangerous classes ; Ethics ; Felony ; Im- 
 morality ; Law ; Police ; Political science ; 
 Prisons ; Punishment ; Sin ; Sociology ; 
 Vice. 
 Crimean war. See also Russia ; Turkey, etc. 
 Refer from Eastern question ; Russia ; 
 Turkey. 
 Criminal law. See also Adultery ; Arrest ; 
 Assassination ; Assault ; Bail ; Burglary ; 
 Capital punishment ; Conspiracies ; 
 Crime ; Criminals ; Evidence ; Infanti- 
 cide ; Jury; Kidnapping; Law, and 
 references under that subject ; Murder ; 
 Mutiny ; Pirates ; Prisons ; Prostitution ; 
 Punishment ; Smuggling ; Suicide ; Trea- 
 son ; Trials ; Woman, Law. 
 Refer from Crime ; Law ; Punishment. 
 Criminals. 
 Refer from Biography ; Convicts ; Crime ; 
 Criminal law ; Law. 
 Criminology. See Crime. , 
 Crises. See Panics. 
 
 Criticism. See also Arts, fine ; Esthetics ; 
 Literature ; Music ; Rhetoric ; also the 
 names of arts and literatures. 
 Refer from Esthetics ; Literature ; Rhetoric. 
 Croquet. 
 
 Refer from Games. 
 Cross. See also Crucifixion. 
 Refer from Christian art and symbolism ; 
 Crucifixion ; Jesus Christ ; . Legends ; 
 Theology. 
 Croup. 
 Refer from Breathing ; Children, Diseases ; 
 Medicine, practice of. 
 Crowns. See also Coronatiojis. ^ 
 
 Refer from Coronations ; Regalia. 
 Crucifixion. See also Cross ; Jesus Christ. 
 Refer from Cross ; Punishment. 
 
 53 
 
Cm-Dai] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Cruelty. See also Animals, treatment of. 
 
 Refer from Ettiics. 
 Crusades. See also Children's crusade; 
 Chivalry; Middle ages. 
 Refer from Chivalry; Church history; 
 History ; History, modern ; Middle ages. 
 Crustacea. 
 Refer from Invertebrates ; Marine zoology ; 
 ► * '*^Zoology:' -" % 'V .. . -" , 
 
 Cryptogams. See also Algae ; Ferns ; Fungi ; 
 Lichens ; Mosses. 
 Refer from Botany. 
 Cryptography. See Cipher. 
 Crypts. See also Tombs. 
 
 Refer from Church architecture ; Tombs. 
 Crystallography. See also Mineralogy. 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Mineralogy. 
 Culture. See also Civilization ; Education ; 
 Self-culture. 
 Refer fromC\v\X\i-3X\ov^ ; Education ; Ethics. 
 Cuneiform writing. 
 Refer from Alphabet ; Inscriptions ; 
 Writing. 
 Cupping. See also Bloodletting. 
 
 Refer from Bloodletting ; Therapeutics. 
 Curates. 
 
 Refer from Clergy ; Ministers (of the gos- 
 pel) ; Priests. 
 Curling. 
 
 Refer from Games ; Sports. 
 Currency. See Money. 
 Currents. See Electric currents ; Ocean ; 
 
 Winds. 
 Curves. See also Circle ; Conic sections. 
 Refer from Conic sections; Engineering; 
 Geometry. 
 Customs. See Manners and customs ; Tariff. 
 Cutaneous diseases. See Skin. 
 Cutlery. See also Knives. 
 Refer from Hardware ; Knives ; Manu- 
 factures ; Metal-work. 
 Cycling. 
 Refer from Bicycling ; Locomotion ; Sports ; 
 Tricyling ; Velocipedes ; Wheeling. 
 Cyclones. See Storms. 
 Cyclopedias. 
 
 Refer from Dictionaries ; Encyclopaedias. 
 Daguerreotype. See also Photography. 
 
 Refer from Photography. 
 Dairy. See also. Butter; Cattle; Cheese; 
 Cow ; Domestic animals ; Milk. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Cheese ; 
 Cow ; Domestic economy ; Milk. 
 
 54 
 
Dam-Dec] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Damages. 
 J^e/er from Compensation; Injuries; Law; 
 Property. 
 Dancing. See also Ballet ; Balls. 
 Refer frotn Amusements ; Balls (parties) ; 
 Ethics ; Etiquette. 
 Dangerous classes. See Crime ; Poor. 
 Dark ages. See IVlidcUe ages. 
 Darwinism. See Evolution ; Darwin, C. 
 Dates. See Chronology. 
 Day of judgment. See Judgment, day of. 
 Days. See also Birthdays ; Fasts and feasts ; 
 Holidays ; Night. 
 Refer from Time. 
 Deaconesses. 
 
 Refer from Church polity ; Sisterhoods ; 
 Woman. 
 Deacons. 
 
 Refer from Church polity ; Clergy. 
 Dead. »SV« Death. 
 
 Deaf and dumb. See also Deafness; Sign 
 language. 
 Refer from. Deafness ; Dumb ; Ear ; 
 Education ; Senses ; Sign language ; 
 Speech. 
 Deafness. See also Deaf and dumb ; Ear. 
 Refer from Deaf and dumb ; Ear ; Hear- 
 ing; Medicine, practice of; Senses. 
 Death. See also Autopsy; Biology; Burial; 
 Consolation ; Coroners ; Cremation ; Em- 
 balming ; Funerals ; Future life ; Future 
 punishment ; Heaven ; Hell ; Murder ; 
 Purgatory ; Resurrection ; Suicide. 
 Refer from Biology ; Dead ; Ethics ; Future 
 life ; Life ; Theology. 
 Death penalty. See Capital punishment. 
 Death rate. See Mortality ; Vital statistics. 
 Debates. See names of legislative bodies, 
 
 etc., such as\5. S., Congress. 
 Debating. See also Elocution ; Oratory ; 
 Parliamentary practice. 
 Refer from Elocution ; Oratory. 
 Debt. See also Assignments ; Bankruptcy ; 
 Credit. 
 Refer from Bankruptcy ; Commercial law ; 
 Contracts ; Law. 
 Debts, public. See also the division Finance 
 under the names of countries ; Repudi- 
 ation. 
 Refer from. Economics ; Finance ; Repudi- 
 ation. 
 Decalogue. See Commandments, ten. 
 
 is 
 
0ec-Dem] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Deciinal system. See also iMetric system ; 
 Weights and measures. 
 Refer from Arithmetic ; IVIetric system ; 
 Money ; Weights and measures. 
 Declamation. See Elocution; Readers and 
 
 spealiers. 
 Decoration and ornament. See also Alpha- 
 ~ bets ; Arabesque ; Architecture ; Arts, 
 fine; Bas-relief; Boole illustration; Bric- 
 a-brac; Bronzing; Cabinet work; Carv- 
 ing ; China painting ; Church decoration 
 and ornament ; Church furniture ; Em- 
 broidery ; Enamel ; Fan ; Fancy work ; 
 Floral decoration ; Frescoes ; Furniture ; 
 Gems ; Glass-painting ; House decora- 
 tion ; Illumination ; Jewelry ; Metal work ; 
 Monograms ; Mosaics ; Painting ; Pot- 
 tery ; Sculpture ; Tapestry ; Terra-cotta ; 
 Vases ; Wall decoration ; Wood-carvina;. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Arts, fine ; Arts, 
 useful : Bric-a-brac ; Cabinet work ; De- 
 sign ; Drawing ; Fancy work ; House 
 decoration ; Ornament ; Painting ; Wood- 
 carving. 
 Decoration day. See Memorial day. 
 Dedication of churches. See Church dedica- 
 tion. 
 Deeds. See also Conveyancing. 
 Refer from Contracts ; Conveyancing ; 
 Land ; Law ; Real property. 
 Deformities. See also Monsters. 
 
 Refer from Orthopedics ; Physiology ; 
 Surgery . 
 Degeneration. See also Evolution. 
 
 Refer from Evolution ; Physiology. 
 Deism. See also Atheism ; Christianity ; 
 God ; Theism. 
 Refer from Atheism ; God ; Natural re- 
 ligion ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Skepti- 
 cism ; Theism ; Theology. 
 Deluge, the. See also Bible. 
 
 Refer from Bible ; Earth ; Flood, the ; 
 Geology. 
 Delusions. See also Apparitions ; Blunders ; 
 Illusions ; Imposture ; Superstition ; 
 Witchcraft. 
 Refer from Errors ; Hallucinations ; Hum- 
 bug ; Illusions ; Insanity ; Superstition. 
 Demand and supply. See also Competition : 
 Exchange. 
 Refer from Competition ; Economics ; 
 Exchange ; Supply and demand. 
 Democracy. See also Despotism ; Federal 
 government ; Liberty ; Monarchy ; Politi- 
 
 56 
 
Dem-Dia] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 cal science ; Referendum ; Represen- 
 tation ; Republics ; Suffrage ; Town- 
 meeting, 
 Refer from Despotism ; Federal govern- 
 ment ; Free institutions ; Liberty ; Mon- 
 archy ; People ; Political science ; Presi- 
 dential government ; Republics. 
 Demonology. See also Apparitions ; Devil ; 
 Witchcraft. 
 Refer from Angels ; Apparitions ; Devil ; 
 Evil spirits ; Ghosts ; Spirits ; Super- 
 stition ; Witchcraft. 
 Denominations. See Sects. 
 Dentistry. See Teeth. * 
 Depravity. See also Sin. 
 
 Refer from Sin ; Theology ; Total de- 
 pravity. 
 Dervishes. 
 
 Refer from Mohammedanism" ; Religions. 
 Pescent. See Genealogy ; Heredity ; Primo- 
 geniture. 
 Deserts. 
 
 Refer from Physical geography. 
 Design. See Arts, fine ; Decoration ; Draw- 
 
 Despotism. See also Democracy ; Liberty ; 
 Tyranny. 
 Refer from Democracy ; Monarchy ; 
 Political science ; Tyranny. 
 Desserts. See also Cookery. 
 
 Refer from Cookery. 
 Detectives. See also Vo\\ce:. 
 
 Refer from Police. 
 Development. See Embryology ; Evolution. 
 Devices. See also Emblems; Heraldry; 
 Mottoes. 
 Refer from Emblems ; Heraldry ; Mottoes. 
 Devil. See also Demonology. 
 
 Refer from Demonology ; Satan ; Super- 
 stition ; Theology. 
 Devotion. See Devotional exercises ; 
 
 Prayer ; Worship. 
 Devotional exercises. See also Church 
 music ; Consolation ; Hymns ; Liturgies ; 
 Lord's prayer ; Lord's supper ; Prayers ; 
 Responsive worship ; Worship. 
 Refer from Christian life ; Devotion ; 
 Meditations ; Prayers ; Religion ; Wor- 
 ship. 
 Dew. 
 
 Refer from Meteorology ; Night ; Water. 
 Diagnosis. 
 Refer from Clinical medicine ; Medicine ; 
 Pathology ; Surgery ; Symptoms. 
 
 57 
 
Dia-Dis] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Dialects. See also Americanisms ; Slang. 
 
 Refer from Language. 
 Dialing. See Sun-dials. 
 Dialogues. See also Readers and speakers. 
 Refer from Drama ; Literature ; Readers 
 and speakers. 
 Diamonds. See also Gems ; Mineralogy ; 
 Precious stones. 
 Refer from Gems ; Mineralogy ; Precious 
 stones. 
 Dictionaries. For dictionaries of any lan- 
 uage or subject see that subject ; also 
 Classical dictionaries ; Cyclopedias. 
 // Diel . See also Beverages ; Cookery ; Di- 
 gestion ; Food ; Hygiene ; Starvation ; 
 Stimulants and narcotics ; Vegetarian- 
 ism. 
 Refer from Cookery ; Digestion ; Food ; 
 Hygiene ; Invalids ; Nurses and nurs- 
 ing ; Therapeutics. 
 Di gestion. See also Diet ; Dyspepsia ; 
 Stomach . 
 Refer from Diet ; Dyspepsia ; Food ; In- 
 digestion ; Physiology ; Stomach. 
 Dikes (engineering). 5V« Earthwork ; Em- 
 bankments. 
 Dikes (geology) . 
 
 Refer from Dykes ; Geology. 
 Dining. See also Carving ; Cookery ; Din- 
 ners ; Drinking customs ; Eating ; Food ; 
 Toasts . 
 Refer from Cookery ; Dinners ; Domestic 
 economy ; Drinking customs ; Eating ; 
 Etiquette ; Food ; Gastronomy ; Meals ; 
 Table, the. 
 Dinners. See also Dining. 
 
 Refer from Cookery ; Dining. 
 Diplomacy. See also Ambassadors ; Con- 
 suls ; International law ; Treaties. 
 Refer from Ambassadors ; Consuls ; Inter- 
 national law ; Ministers (of state) ; Po- 
 litical science ; Statesmanship ; Treaties. 
 Diplomatics. See Inscriptions ; Manuscripts ; 
 
 Writing. 
 Directories. See names of cities, countries, 
 
 etc.; also of trades, professions, etc. 
 Directory, French. See France, History. 
 Disasters. See Accidents ; Fires ; Floods ; 
 
 Shipwrecks. 
 Discoverers. See Discoveries ; Explorers. 
 Discoveries (in geography). See also Ex- 
 plorers; Geography; Voyages. 
 Refer from Adventure ; Discoverers ; Ex- 
 
 5S 
 
Dis-Doc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 plorers ; Geography ; Heroes ; Voyages 
 and travels. 
 Discoveries (in science) . See Arts, useful ; 
 
 Inventions ; Patents ; Science. 
 Disease,. See Patliology. 
 Disestablishment. See also Church and 
 state; Church of England. 
 Refer from Church and state ; Church of 
 England; Church polity; State church. 
 Disinfection. See also Antiseptics ; Fumi- 
 gation. 
 Refer from Antiseptics ; Cleanliness ; 
 Contagion ; Fumigation ; Hygiene, pub 
 lie ; Putrefaction. 
 Dislocation. See also Fracture. 
 
 Refer from Bones ; Fracture ; Joints ; 
 Surgery. 
 Dispensaries. See also Hospitals. 
 
 Refer from Hospitals. 
 Dissection. See also Anatomy ; Autopsy ; 
 Vivisection. 
 Refer from Anatomy. 
 Dissenters. See also Brownists ; Church of 
 England ; Church rates ; Congregation- 
 alism ; Friends, society of; Noncon- 
 formists ; Nonjurors ; Presbyterianism ; 
 Puritans. 
 Refer from Church history ; Church of 
 England ; Congregationalism ; Liberty 
 of conscience ; Nonconformists ; Puri- 
 tans ; Sects. 
 Distillation. See also Alcohol ; Brandy ; 
 Brewing ; Liquors. 
 Refer from Alcohol ; Arts, useful ; Brandy ; 
 Brewing ; Chemistry ; Evaporation ; 
 Liquors ; Temperance. 
 Distribution of animals and plants. See 
 
 Geographical distribution. 
 Divination. See also Clairvoyance ; 
 Dreams ; Fortune-telling ; Omens ; Palm- 
 istry ; Prophecies; Second sight. 
 Refer from Augury ; Fortune-telling ; 
 Occult sciences ; Omens ; Prophecies ; 
 Superstition. 
 Diving. See also Pearls ; Swimming. 
 
 Refer from Baths and bathing ; Swim- 
 ming. 
 Divinity. See Jesus Christ ; Theology. 
 Divinity schools. See Theological schools. 
 Divorce. See also Marriage. 
 
 Refer frovi Church law ; Ethics ; Law ; 
 Marriage ; Sociologv ; Woman, Law. 
 Docks. See also Harbors ; Wharves. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Dry docks ; 
 
 59 
 
Doc-Domj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Engineering; Harbors; Hydraulic engi- 
 neering ; Wharves. 
 
 Doctors. See Pliysicians. 
 
 Doctrines. See Tlieology. ^ 
 
 Documents. See under name of body issu- 
 ing, as U. S., Congress; Massachusetts, 
 Labor bureau, etc. 
 
 Dog. See also Hydrophobia ; also names 
 of varieties of dogs. 
 Refer from Domestic animals ; Hunting ; 
 Hydrophobia ; Mammals. 
 
 Dogmatic theology. See Theology. 
 
 Dolls. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Toys. 
 
 Domes. 
 
 Refer from Architecture ; Roofs ; Vaulting. 
 
 Domestic animals. See also Barns ; Cage 
 birds ; Cat ; Cattle ; Cow ; Dog ; Domesti- 
 cation ; Hog ; Horse ; Ox ; Pigeons ; 
 Poultry ; Sheep ; Stables ; Veterinary 
 medicine ; Zoology. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Animals ; Beasts ; 
 Breeding ; Cattle ; Dairy ; Domestication ; 
 Horse ; Live Stock ; Mammals ; Pets ; 
 Quadrupeds ; Stock breeding ; Veteri- 
 nary medicine ; Zoology. 
 
 Domestic architecture. See Architecture, 
 domestic. 
 
 Domestic economy.. See mi»e Arts, useful ; 
 Brewmg ; Carving ; Cleanlmess ; 
 Cookery ; Dairy ; Dining ; Dressmaking ; 
 Family ; Fancy work ; Food : Fuel ; Fur- 
 niture ; Gardening ; Guests ; Heating ; 
 Home ; House decoration ; Household 
 pests ; Kitchen ; Laundry ; Needlework ; 
 Receipts ; Servants ; Sweeping ; Venti- 
 lation. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Arts, useful ; 
 Cookery ; Domestic science ; Family ; 
 Home ; Household science ; Housekeep- 
 ing ; Kitchen ; Sweeping ; Woman. 
 
 Domestic education. See also Children ; 
 Education ; Family. 
 Refer from Education ; Family ; Home 
 education ; Parents. 
 
 Domestic relations. See Family ; Marriage ; 
 Master and servant. 
 
 Domestic science. See Domestic economy. 
 
 Domestication. See also Animals, training 
 of; Domestic animals. 
 Refer from Animals, training of; Do- 
 mestic animals ; Zoology. 
 
 Domestics. See Servants. 
 
 60 
 
Dom-Die] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Dominicans. 
 
 AV/(V from iMonasticism. 
 
 Dominoes. 
 
 Refer from Games. 
 
 Doors., Sec also (rates. 
 Refer from Architecture . 
 
 Doubt. Sec Belief; Faitli ; Skepticism. 
 
 Drafting. See Conscription ; Drawing. 
 
 Drainage. See also Irrigation. For tlic 
 drainage of towns and buildings, see 
 Sewerage. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Engineering ; 
 Hydraulic engineering ; Irrigation ; Land- 
 drainage ; Sewerage. 
 
 Drama. See also Acting ; Actors ; Act- 
 resses ; Amateur theatricals ; Charades ; 
 Dialogues ; Dramatists ; Masks ; Miracle- 
 plays ; Opera ; Pantomime ; Tableaux ; 
 Theatre. 
 Refer from Acting ; Comedy ; Literature ; 
 Miracle-plays ; Plays ; Poetry ; Rhetoric ; 
 Stage ; Theatre ; Tragedy. 
 
 Dramatists. 
 
 Refer from h.w'CtiOX%\ Biography; Drama; 
 Poets. 
 
 Draughting. See Drawing. 
 
 Draughts. Su Checkers. 
 
 Drawing. See also Anatomy for artists ; 
 Architectural drawing ; Caricature ; 
 Charcoal drawing ; ^Crayon drawing ; 
 Decoration and ornament ; Geometrical * 
 drawing ; Graphics ; Map drawing ; Me- 
 chanical drawing ; Perspective ; Projec- 
 tion ; Shadows ; Topographical drawing. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Design ; Drafting ; 
 Draughting ; Graphic arts ; Manual 
 training ; Painting ; Perspective ; Sculp- 
 ture ; Sketching. 
 
 Drawings . 
 
 Refer from Pictures. 
 
 Dreams. See also Apparitions ; Fortune- 
 telling ; Nightmare ; Sleep. 
 Refer from Brain ; Divination ; Fortune- 
 tellers ; Fortune-telling ; Mind and body ; 
 Night ; Nightmare ; Psychology ; Sleep ; 
 Somnambulism ; Superstition ; Visions. 
 
 Dredging. See also Marine zoology ; Ocean. 
 Refer from Engineering ; Marine zoology ; 
 Ocean. 
 
 Dress. . See Clothing ; Costume ; Dressmak- 
 
 ing. 
 Dressmaking. ^V^a/j-o Needlework. 
 
 Refer from Clothing ; Costume ; Domestic 
 
 economy ; Dress ; Needlework. 
 
 6i 
 
Dri-Dys] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Drill. See Military art and science ; Tactics. 
 Drinking customs. See also Dining ; Eat- 
 ing ; Temperance; Toasts. 
 Refer from Dining ; Drunkenness ; Eat- 
 ing ; Manners and customs ; Temperance. 
 Drinks. See Beverages ; Liquors. 
 Driving. See also Coaching ; Horseman- 
 ship- ^ ^ 
 Refer from Coaching ; Horse.; Horseman- 
 ship ; Riding ; Sports. 
 Drowning. See also Accidents ; Life-saving. 
 
 Refer from Accidents ; Life-saving. 
 Drugs. See also Adulterations ; Materia 
 raedica ; Pharmacy. 
 Refer from Adulterations ; Materia 
 medica ; Pharmacy ; Therapeutics. 
 Drummers. See Commercial travelers. 
 Drunkenness. See Drinking customs ; 
 
 Temperance. 
 Dry docks. See Docks. 
 Dry-goods, See also Clothing ; Hosiery ; 
 Textile fabrics. 
 Refer fro7ii Commerce ; Textile fabrics. 
 Dueling. See also Wager of battle. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Fencing ; Manners 
 and customs. 
 Duets. 
 
 Refer from Music. 
 Dumb. .Se« Deaf and dumb. 
 Dungeons. See Prisons. 
 Duties. See Tariff. 
 Duty. See also Conduct of life ; Ethics. 
 
 Refer from Conduct of life ; Ethics. 
 Dwarfs. 
 
 Refer fro7n Man ; Monsters ; Pigmies ; 
 Pygmies. 
 Dwglhfloj. See Architecture, domestic. 
 Dyeing, ^^c' ^/.s-o Aniline colors ; Bleaching; 
 Calico-printing ; Cleaning ; Color. 
 Refer from Aniline colors ; Arts, useful ; 
 Bleaching ; Chemistry ; Cleaning ; Color ; 
 Cotton ; Pigments ; Scouring ; Textile 
 fabrics ; Wool. 
 Dykes. See Dikes (geology) ; Earthwork ; 
 
 Embankments. 
 Dynamics. See Force ; Matter ; Mechanics ; 
 
 Motion ; Statics. 
 Dynamos. See also Electric motors. 
 
 Refer from Electric motors ; Electricity ; 
 Motors. 
 Dyspepsia. See also Digestion. 
 Refer from Digestion ; Medicine, prac- 
 tice of. 
 
 62 
 
Ear-Ecc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Ear. See also Deaf and dumb ; Deafness ; 
 Hearing ; Sound. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Deafness ; Head ; 
 Hearing; Senses; Sound. 
 
 Earth. See also Antarctic regions ; Arctic 
 regions ; Astronomy ; Creation ; Deluge ; 
 Earthquakes ; Geodesy ; Geography ; 
 Geology ; Latitude ; Longitude ; Meteo- 
 rology ; Mines and mining ; North pole ; 
 Physical geography ; Tropics ; Vol- 
 canoes. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Creation ; Figure 
 of the earth ; Geodesy ; Geography ; 
 Geology ; Nature ; Physical geography ; 
 Planets ; Universe ; World. 
 
 Earthquakes. See also Geology ; Volcanoes. 
 Refer from Earth ; Geology ; Physical 
 geography ; Seismology ; Volcanoes. 
 
 Earthwork. See also Embankments ; Forti- 
 fication ; Foundations. 
 Refer from Dikes (engineering) ; Dykes ; 
 Embankments ; Engineering ; Excava- 
 tions ; Fortification ; Foundations ; Rail- 
 roads. 
 
 Easements. 
 
 Refer from Land ; Law ; Real property. 
 
 Easter. See also Carols. 
 
 Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Holy week ; 
 Jesus Christ ; Lent. 
 
 Eastern churches. See also Greek church ; 
 Nestorians. 
 Refer from Church history. 
 
 Eastern question. See also Asia ; Crimean 
 war ; Russia ; Turkey ; and other eastern 
 countries. 
 Refer from History. 
 
 Eating (customs) . See also Cookery ; Din- 
 ing ; Drinking customs ; Food. 
 Refer from Dining ; Drinking customs ; 
 Food ; Gastronomy ; Manners and cus- 
 toms ; Meals ; Table, the. 
 
 Ecclesiastical. 5>^ Christian ; Church. 
 
 Ecclesiastical antiquities. See Church an- 
 tiquities. 
 
 Ecclesiastical architecture. See Church 
 architecture. 
 
 Ecclesiastical art. See Christian art. 
 
 Ecclesiastical biography. See Christian 
 biography. 
 
 Ecclesiastical ceremonies. See Rites and 
 ceremonies. 
 
 Ecclesiastical costume. See Church vest- 
 ments. 
 
 6^ 
 
Ecc-Edu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Ecclesiastical fasts and feasts. See Fasts 
 and feasts. 
 
 Ecclesiastical furniture. See Church furni- 
 ture. 
 
 Ecclesiastical history. See Church history. 
 
 Ecclesiastical law. See Church law. 
 
 Ecclesiastical polity. See Church polity. 
 
 Eclipses. See also Astronomy ; Moon ; Sun. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Moon ; Sun. 
 
 Eclogues. See Pastoral poetry. 
 
 Economics. See also Apprentices ; Banks 
 and banking ; Capital ; Charities ; Com- 
 merce ; Communism ; Competition ; Co- 
 operation ; Corn laws ; Cost ; Credit ; 
 Debts, public ; Demand and supply ; 
 Exchange ; Factory system ; Finance ; 
 Gilds ; Individualism ; Interest ; Invest- 
 ments ; Labor ; Land ; Manufactures ; 
 Money ; Monopolies ; Panics ; Poor ; 
 Population ; Precious metals ; Prices ; 
 Profit-sharing ; Property ; Rent ; Social- 
 ism ; Speculation ; Statistics ; Stock ex- 
 change ; Stocks ; Strikes and lockouts ; 
 Tariff ; Taxation ; Trade-unions ; Tnists ; 
 Value ; Wages ; Wealth . 
 Refer from Business ; Commerce ; Labor ; 
 Political economy ; Political science ; 
 Prices ; Science ; Social science ; So- 
 cialism ; Sociology; Tariff; Taxation; 
 Wealth. 
 
 Educa tion. See also Agricultural education ; 
 Art education ; Bible in the schools ; 
 Blind ; Business education ; Charity 
 schools ; Child study ; Children ; Clas- 
 sical education ; Colleges and univer- 
 sities ; Compulsory education ; Cooking 
 schools ; Corporal punishment ; Culture ; 
 Deaf and dumb ; Domestic educa- 
 tion ; Ethics ; Examinations ; Grammar 
 schools ; Gymnastics ; High schools ; 
 Kindergarten ; Knowledge ; Libraries ; 
 Lyceums ; Manual training ; Medical 
 education ; Memory ; Military educa- 
 tion ; Moral education ; Musical educa- 
 tion ; Nature study ; Normal schools ; 
 Object-teaching ; Physical education ; 
 Psychology ; Public schools ; Ragged 
 schools ; Reformatories ; Religious edu- 
 cation ; School-houses ; School hygiene ; 
 School music ; Schools ; Scientific edu- 
 cation ; Self-culture ; Students ; Sunday 
 schools ; Teachers ; Teaching ; Tech- 
 nical education ; Text-books ; Theo- 
 logical education ; University extension ; 
 
 64 
 
Edu-£ie) LIST OF SUBJECT HEADlNGs 
 
 Woman ; Young people ; also names of 
 studies. 
 Refer from Children ; Civilization ; Col- 
 leges and universities ; Culture ; Domes- 
 tic education ; Ethics ; Girls ; Knowl- 
 edge ; Learning ; Mental discipline ; 
 Psychology ; Public schools ; Schools ; 
 Self-culture ; Sociology ; Students ; 
 Teachers ; Teaching ; Training ; Young 
 people. 
 Eggs. See also Birds ; Cookery ; Embryol- 
 ogy ; Poultry. 
 Refer from Birds ; Nests ; Oology ; 
 Poultry. 
 Eight hour day. See Hours of labor. 
 Elasticity. See also Strength of materials. 
 
 Refer frojn Strength of materials. 
 Election (in politics) . See also Ballot ; 
 Caucus ; Citizenship ; Minorities ; Repre- 
 sentation ; Suffrage. 
 Refer from Ballot ; Caucus ; Political 
 science ; Suffrage ; Voting. 
 Election (in theology) . See Predestination. 
 Electric batteries. See also Cell, voltaic; 
 Storage batteries. 
 Refer from Batteries ; Cell, voltaic ; Pri- 
 mary batteries. 
 Electric bells. 
 
 Refer from Bells. 
 Electric currents. See also Electric meas- 
 urement ; Electric potential ; Electric 
 testing ; Electric transformers. 
 Refer from Alternating currents ; Currents ; 
 Electric potential ; Electric transformers. 
 Electric engineering. See also Armatures ; 
 Electricity ; Telegraph ; also headings 
 beginning with Electric. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Engineering ; 
 Machinery. 
 Electric lamps. See also Electric light. 
 Refer from Arc lamps ; Electric light ; 
 Incandescent lamps ; Lamps. 
 Electric light. See also Electric lamps; 
 Electric wires. 
 ./?£/»ry7'0OT Electric lamps ; Light; Light- 
 ing. 
 Electric measurement. See also Electric 
 testing ; Galvanometer. 
 Refer from Electric currents ; Electric 
 testing ; Galvanometer ; Units ; Weights 
 and measures. 
 Electric motors. See also Dynamos. 
 Refer from Dynamos ; Motors. 
 
 6S 
 
Ele-FJol LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Electric potential. See also Electric cur- 
 rents. 
 Refer from Electric currents ; Potential. 
 Electric railroads. Sea also Storage 
 batteries. 
 Refer from Railroads ; Street-railroads. 
 Electric telegraph. See Telegraph, 
 l^ectric testing. See also Electric measure- 
 
 \Refer .froiii^ Electric currents; Electric 
 
 ■ *ttie'feutLellteht ;sTestii)g^.V ^ '■-, I'M < 
 Electric transformers. See also Electric 
 currents. 
 Refer from Electric currents ; Trans- 
 formers . 
 Electric waves. 
 
 Refer from Waves. 
 Electric wires. 
 
 Refer from Cables ; Electric light ; Tele- 
 graph ; Wire. 
 Electrical. See Electric. 
 Eleqjricians. , ;,■ > - 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Scientists. 
 Electricity. See also Animal electricity ; 
 Armatures ; Cell, voltaic ; Commutators ; 
 Dynamos ; Electrotherapeutics ; In- 
 duction coils ; Lightning ; Magnetism ; 
 Medical electricity ; Phonograph ; Tele- 
 graph ; Telephone ; X rays ; also head- 
 ings beginning with Electric, Electro. 
 Refer from Electric engineering ; Galvan- 
 ism ; Lightning ; Magnetism ; Meteorol- 
 ogy ; Physics ; Voltaic electricity. 
 Electrochemistry. See also Electrometal- 
 lurgy. 
 Refer from Chemistry. 
 Electromagnets. See also Armatures ; 
 Commutators. 
 Refer from Magnetism. 
 Electrometallurgy. 
 
 Refer from Electrochemistry ; Galvano. 
 plasty ; Metals. 
 Electroplating. 
 
 Refer from Plating ; Silverplating. 
 Electrotherapeutics. 
 
 See Medical electricity. 
 Electrotyping. 
 
 Refer from Printing. 
 Elegiac poetry. 
 
 Refer from Poetry. 
 Elocution. See also Debating ; Eloquence ; 
 Expression ; Gesture ; Orations ; Orators ; 
 Oratory ; Preaching ; Pronunciation r 
 
 66 
 
EIo-Eng] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Readers and speakers ; Rhetoric ; Ven- 
 triloquism ; Voice. 
 Refer from Debating ; Declamation ; Elo- 
 quence ; Expression ; Gesture ; Lan- 
 guage ; Oratory ; Reading ; Rhetoric ; 
 Speaking; Speech; Voice. 
 Eloquence. See also Elocution ; Oratory. 
 
 Refer from Elocution; Oratory; Rhetoric. 
 Elves See Fairies. 
 Emancipation. See Catholic church ; 
 
 Slavery ; Woman, etc. 
 Embalming. See also Mummies. 
 
 Refer from Burial ; Death ; Mummies. 
 Embankments. See also Earthwork. 
 
 Refer from Dikes (engineering) ; Dykes ; 
 Earthwork ; Engineering ; Hydraulic 
 engineering; Rivers. 
 Embargo laws. 
 
 Refer from Commerce ; International law. 
 Emblems. See also Christian art and sym- 
 bolism ; Devices ; Symbolism. 
 Refer from Devices ; Literature ; Symbol- 
 ism. 
 Embroidery. See also Needlework. 
 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Fancy work ; Needlework ; 
 Textile fabrics. 
 Embryology. See also Biology ; Cells. 
 Refer from Biology ; Cells ; Development ; 
 Eggs ; Evolution ; Morphology ; Physiol- 
 ogy ; Protoplasm ; Zoology. 
 Emergencies. See Accidents. 
 Emigration. See Immigration. 
 Emotions. See also Ethics ; Pain ; Passions ; 
 Pleasure ; Psychology. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Feelings ; Passions ; 
 Philosophy ; Psychology. 
 Emperors. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Kings ; Monarchy ; 
 Rulers; Sovereigns. 
 Enamel. 
 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and 
 ornament. 
 Encyclopaedias. 5>e Cyclopedias ; a/jo name 
 
 of subject treated. 
 Endless punishment. See Future punish- 
 ment. 
 Energy. See Force. 
 
 Engineering. See also Aerial navigation ; 
 Aqueducts ; Arches ; Architecture ; Arts, 
 useful ; Blasting ; Boring ; Breakwaters ; 
 Bridges ; Building materials ; Canals ; 
 Curves ; Docks ; Drainage ; Dredging ; 
 Earthwork ; Electric engineering ; Em- 
 
 67 
 
Eng-Epi] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 bankments ; Engineers ; Engines ; 
 Foundations ; Geometrical drawing ; 
 Girders ; Harbors ; Hydraulic engineer- 
 ing ; Irrigation ; Macliinery ; Masonry ; 
 Mechanical drawing ; Mechanics ; Men- 
 suration ; Military engineering ; Mines 
 and mining ; Railroads ; Roads ; Sanitary 
 engineering ; Statics ; Steam-engine ; 
 Strength of materials ; Subways ; Sur- 
 veying ; Tunnels ; Walk ; Water-supply ; 
 Wells. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Building ; Civil 
 engineering ; Hydraulic engineering ; 
 Machinery; Mathematics-; Mechanical 
 engineering ; Mechanics ; Military en- 
 gineering ; Mines and mining ; Rail- 
 roads ; Surveying. 
 Engineers. 
 
 Refer fro?n Biography ; Engineering. 
 Engines. See also Air-engine ; Fire-engine ; 
 Fuel ; Gas-engine ; Locomotives ; 
 Pumps ; Steam-engine. 
 Refer from Engineering ; Machinery ; 
 Motors. 
 England, church of. See Church of Eng- 
 land. 
 Engravers. See also Artists. 
 
 Refer from Artxsis \ Biography. 
 Engraving. See also Arts, fine ; Bank notes ; 
 Book illustration ; Engravings ; Esthet- 
 ics ; Etching ; Gems ; Lithography ; 
 Photo-engraving ; Woodrengraving. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Book 
 illustration ; Etching ; Graphic arts. 
 Engravings. See also Etchings. 
 
 Refer from Engraving ; Pictures ; Prints. 
 Enigmas. See also Riddles. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Puzzles ; Rid- 
 dles. 
 Ensilage. 
 
 ^i?/^«r/ro/« Agriculture ; Silos. 
 Enteric fever. See Typhoid fever. 
 E ntertainments. See Amusements. 
 Entomology. See Insects. 
 Environment. See also Evolution. 
 
 Refer from Evolution. 
 Ephemerides. See Nautical almanacs. 
 Epic poetry. 
 
 Refer from Poetry. 
 Epicureans. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Philosophy. 
 Epidemics. See also Black death ; Cholera ; 
 
 68 
 
Epi-Est] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Contagion ; Fever ; Plague ; Smallpox ; 
 Yellow fever. 
 Refer from Contagion ; Hygiene, public ; 
 Pathology; Plague. 
 Epigrams. See also Maxims ; Proverbs ; 
 Quotations; Table-talk; Toasts. 
 Refer from Aphorisms ; Apothegms ; Lit- 
 erature ; Maxims ; Poetry ; Proverbs ; 
 Quotations ; Sayings ; Wit and humor. 
 Epigraphy. See Inscriptions ; Writing. 
 Episcopacy. See also Apostolic succession ; 
 Archbishops ; Bishops ; Catholic church ; 
 Church of England ; Methodism ; Ordi- 
 nation ; Protestant episcopal church. 
 Refer from Apostolic succession ; Bishops ; 
 Catholic church ; Church history ; 
 Church of England ; Church polity ; 
 Methodism ; Protestant episcopal church. 
 Episcopal church. See Church of England ; 
 Methodist episcopal church ; Protestant 
 episcopal church. 
 Epitaphs. See also Brasses. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Biography ; 
 Burial ; Cemeteries ; Inscriptions ; Lit- 
 erature ; Tombs ; Tombstones. 
 Equations. See also Algebra. 
 
 Refer from AXgthrs. ; Mathematics. 
 Equilibrium. See Statics. 
 Equinoxes. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy. 
 Equity. See also Actions at law ; Chan- 
 cery. 
 Refer from Actions at law ; Chancery ; 
 Law. 
 Erosion. See also Glaciers ; Valleys. 
 
 Refer from Geology ; Glaciers ; Physical 
 geography ; Rivers ; Valleys ; Water. 
 Erratics. See Boulders. 
 Errors. See Blunders ; Delusions ; Proba- 
 bilities. 
 Escapes. See also Adventure. 
 
 Refer from Adventure. 
 Eschatology. .SV« Future life . 
 Esoteric Buddhism. See Theosophy. 
 Essays. 
 
 Refer from Literature. 
 Essenes. 
 
 Refer from Jews ; Religions. 
 Esthetics. See also Art ; Arts, fine ; Criti- 
 cism ; Grotesque ; Landscape ; Music ; 
 Picturesque. 
 Refer from Aesthetics ; Art ; Arts, fine ; 
 Beautifiil, the; Criticism; Engraving; 
 Painting ; Philosophy ; Picturesque ; 
 
 69 
 
Est-Eth] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Psychology ; Rhetoric ; Sculpture ; 
 Taste. 
 
 Etching. See also Engraving ; Etchings. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Engraving. 
 
 Etchings. 
 
 Refer from Engravings ; Etching ; Pict- 
 ures. 
 
 Eternal life. See Future life. 
 
 Eternity. See also Future life. 
 
 Refer fro7n Future life ; Philosophy ; 
 Time. 
 
 Ether. See also Anesthetics. 
 Refer from Anesthetics. 
 
 Ethics. See also Affliction ; Amusements ; 
 Animals, treatment of ; Capital punish- 
 ment ; Celibacy ; Character ; Charity ; 
 Chastity ; Children ; Christian life ; 
 Civilization ; Commandments, ten ; Com- 
 promise ; Conscience ; Consolation ; Con- 
 tentment ; Courage ; Crime : Cruelty ; 
 Culture ; Dancing ; Death ; Divorce ; 
 Dueling ; Duty ; Education ; Emotions ; 
 Epicureans ; Etiquette ; Evil ; Family ; 
 Fiction ; Friendship ; Gambling ; Girls ; 
 Habit ; Happiness ; Heredity ; Home ; 
 Interest ; Law ; Liberty ; Liberty of 
 conscience ; Liberty of the will ; Lotter- 
 ies ; Love ; Lying ; Manners and cus- 
 toms ; Marriage ; Moral education ; 
 Oaths ; Parents ; Passions ; Patience ; 
 Patriotism ; Peace ; Philosophy ; Pleas- 
 ure ; Political science : Poor ; Progress ; 
 Religion ; Repentance ; Self-culture ; 
 Sin ; Slave-trade ; Slavery ; Sociology ; 
 Solitude ; Soul ; Stoics ; Success ; Sui- 
 cide ; Sunday ; Swearing ; Temperance ; 
 Temptation ; Theatre ; Truth ; Utili- 
 tarianism ; Virtue ; Vivisection ; Will ; 
 Woman ; Young men ; Young people ; 
 Young women. 
 Refer from Character ; Civilization ; Con- 
 duct of life ; Duty ; Education ; Emo- 
 tions ; Family ; Immorality ; Life ; Man ; 
 Moral philosophy ; Natural religion ; 
 Philosophy ; Philosophy, moral ; Psy- 
 chology ; Religion ; Right and wrong ; 
 Science ; Sociology ; Theology ; Vice ; 
 Virtue; Will. 
 
 Ethics, practical. See Conduct of life. 
 
 Ethnography . See Ethnology. 
 
 Ethnology. See also Archaeology ; Aryans ; 
 
 ''"~CarinIbalism ; Climate ; Color of man ; 
 Consanguinity ; Evolution ; Folk-lore : 
 Gipsies ; Indians ; Lake-dwellings ; Lan- 
 
 70 
 
Eth-Exa] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 guage ; Man ; Mound-builders ; Mythol- 
 ogy ; Negroes. 
 Refer from Anthropology ; Archaeology ; 
 Ethnography ; Geography ; History ; 
 Man ; Races of man ; Science. 
 Etiquette. See also Dancing ; Dining ; 
 Letter-writing ; Marriage. 
 Refer from Behavior ; Ceremonies ; Con- 
 duct of life ; Courtesy ; Ethics ; Ladies ; 
 Manners ; Manners and customs ; Polite- 
 ness ; Self-culture ; Society ; Sociology ; 
 Usages ; Woman. 
 Etymology. See also Names ; Words ; also 
 names of languages. 
 Refer from Grammar ; Language ; Words. 
 Eucharist. See Lord's supper. 
 Euchre. 
 
 Refer from Cards. 
 Evangelists. See Apostles ; Bible ; Mission- 
 aries. 
 Evaporation. See also Distillation. 
 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Meteorology ; 
 Vapor. 
 Evergreens. See also Forestry ; Trees. 
 Refer from Forestry ; Landscape garden- 
 ing ; Trees. 
 Evidence. See also Certainty ; Logic. 
 
 Refer from Actions at law ; Circum- 
 stantial evidence ; Criminal law ; Faith ; 
 Law ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Proof ; Testi- 
 mony ; Trials ; Witnesses. 
 Evidences of Christianity. See Christianity. 
 Evidences of the Bible. 5i?« Bible. 
 Evil. See also Sin ; Temptation. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Religion ; Temptation ; 
 Theology. 
 Evil spirits. See Demonology. 
 Evolution . See also Biology ; Color of 
 animals ; Color of flowers ; Creation ; 
 Degeneration ; Embryology ; Environ- 
 ment ; Heredity ; Man ; Religion and 
 science ; Species. 
 Refer fro7n Biology ; Botany ; Creation ; 
 Darwinism ; Degeneration ; Develop- 
 ment ; Environment ; Ethnology ; Ge- 
 ology ; Heredity ; Man ; Materialism ; 
 Natural history ; Natural selection ; 
 Origin of species ; Philosophy ; Religion 
 and science ; Science ; Species ; Varia- 
 tion of species ; Zoology. 
 Ex libris. See Bookplates. 
 Examinations. See also Civil service. 
 
 Refer from Civil service ; Competitive 
 examinations ; Education ; Teaching. 
 
 71 
 
Exc-Jtyej LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Excavations. See Archaeology ; Earthwork. 
 Exchange. See also Demand and supply ; 
 Money ; Stocks. 
 Refer from Banks ; Bills of exchange ; 
 Business ; Cambistry ; Commerce ; Com- 
 mercial law ; Demand and supply ; 
 Economics ; Finance ; Foreign ex- 
 change ; Money ; Negotiable instru- 
 ments. 
 Excommunication. 
 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church polity. 
 Executive power. See also Monarchy ; 
 Presidents. 
 Refer from Political science ; Presidents. 
 Executors. See Administrators and ex- 
 ecutors. 
 Exercise. See also Gymnastics; Physical 
 education ; Training. 
 Refer from Hygiene ; Physical education ; 
 Therapeutics. 
 Exhibitions. See also Agricultural exhi- 
 bitions ; Art galleries ; Museums. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Ex- 
 positions ; Industrial exhibitions ; Inter- 
 national exhibitions ; Museums ; World's 
 fairs. 
 Exorcism. See Witchcraft. 
 Experiments. See Chemistry ; Physics, etc. 
 Explorers. See also Discoveries ; Geog- 
 raphy ; Travelers ; Voyages. 
 Refer from Adventure ; Biography ; Dis- 
 coverers ; Discoveries (in geography) ; 
 Geography ; Heroes ; Travelers ; Voy- 
 ages and travels. 
 Explosions. See also Boilers. 
 
 Refer from Accidents. 
 Explosives. See also Blasting ; Guncotton ; 
 Gunpowder ; Torpedoes. 
 Refer from Blasting ; Chemistry ; Gun- 
 nery ; Military art and science ; Mines 
 and mining. 
 Exportation. See also Commerce; Tariff; 
 Transportation (of criminals) . 
 Refer from Commerce ; Tariflf. 
 Expositions. See Exhibitions. 
 Expression. See also Anatomy for artists ; 
 Elocution ; Physiognomy ; Rhetoric. 
 Refer from Acting ; Anatomy for artists ; 
 Elocution ; Face. 
 Eye. See also Blind ; Color-blindness ; 
 Light ; Sight ; Spectacles. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Face ; Head ; 
 Light ; Ophthalmia ; Senses ; Sight ; 
 Vision. 
 
 72 
 
Fat).rair.] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Fables. 
 Refer from Animals, legends and stories 
 of; Fiction; Literature; Parables. 
 Face. See also Color of man ; Expression ; 
 Eye ; Mouth ; Nose ; Physiognomy. 
 Refer from Head. 
 Facetiae. See Wit and humor. 
 Factories. See also Factory system ; Mills. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Manufactures ; 
 Mills. 
 Factors. See Agents. 
 Factory system. 
 
 Refer from Economics ; Factories ; Labor ; 
 Manufactures. 
 Faience. See Pottery. 
 Fairies. See also Fairy tales. 
 
 Refer from Elves ; Fairy tales ; Goblins ; 
 Superstition. 
 Fairs. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Commerce. 
 Fairy tales. See also Fairies ; Folk-lore. 
 Refer from Fairies ; Fiction ; Folk-lore ; 
 Legends ; Literature ; Mythology ; 
 Stories. 
 Faith. See also Agnosticism; Belief; Cer- 
 tainty ; Creeds ; Evidence ; Justification ; 
 Religion ; Sects ; Skepticism ; Theology ; 
 Truth. 
 Refer from Belief; Certainty; Christian 
 life ; Doubt ; Justification ; Religion ; 
 Theology. 
 Faith-cure. &« aA'o Christian science ; Mind 
 and body ; Subconsciousness. 
 Refer from Mind-cure ; Subconsciousness ; 
 Therapeutics. 
 Falconry. 
 
 Refer from Birds ; Fowling ; Hawking ; 
 Hunting; Sports. 
 Fall. See Autumn. 
 Fall of man. See also Sin. 
 
 Refer from Bible ; Paradise ; Sin ; Temp- 
 tation ; Theology. 
 Fallacies. See also Logic. 
 
 Refer from Logic. 
 Falling stars. See Meteors. 
 Falls. See Waterfalls. 
 Families. See Genealogy. 
 Family. See also Children ; Domestic econ- 
 omy ; Domestic education ; Ethics ; 
 Fathers ; Home ; Husbands ; Marriage ; 
 Mothers ; Parents ; Widows ; Wives ; 
 Woman. 
 Refer from Children ; Domestic economy ; 
 Domestic education; Domestic rela- 
 
 73 
 
Fam-Faul LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 tions ; Ethics ; Family ; Home ; Hus- 
 bands ; Man ; Parents ; Sociology ; 
 Wives ; Woman. 
 Family prayer. See Prayer ; Prayers. 
 Famines. See also Starvation. 
 
 Refer fro?n Yiistory \ Starvation. 
 Fan. 
 
 Refer from Costume ; Decoration and 
 ornament. 
 Fanaticism. See also Persecution. 
 Refer front Religion ; Theology. 
 Fancy work. See also Artificial flowers ; 
 Decoration and ornament ; Embroidery ; 
 Knitting ; Lace ; Leather work ; Needle- 
 work, 
 Refer from Decoration and ornament ; 
 Domestic economy ; House decoration ; 
 Knitting ; Needlework ; Woman. 
 ' Farming' ■ See Agriculture. 
 Farriery. See Horse. 
 Fashion. See also Costume. 
 
 Refer from Costume ; Style. 
 Fasting. See also Asceticism ; Lent ; Starva- 
 tion. 
 Refer from Abstinence ; Asceticism ; 
 Theology. 
 Fasts and feasts. See also Advent ; Ash 
 Wednesday ; Christmas ; Easter ; Festi- 
 vals ; Good Friday ; Holidays ; Holy 
 week ; Lent ; Sunday ; Thanksgiving day. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church an- 
 tiquities ; Church ceremonies ; Church 
 festivals ; Church of England ; Church 
 polity ; Days ; Ecclesiastical fasts and 
 feasts ; Feasts ; Festivals ; Holidays ; 
 Protestant episcopal church in the U. S. ; 
 Religion ; Religious festivals ; Rites and 
 ceremonies. 
 Fat. See Corpulence ; Oil. 
 Fate. See also Fortune-telling. 
 
 Refer from Philosophy. 
 Fathers. See also Children ; Parents. 
 
 Refer from Children ; Family ; Husbands ; 
 Parents. 
 Fathers of the church. See also Apocryphal 
 gospels ; Apostolic constitutions ; Apos- 
 tolic fathers ; Councils; Saints. 
 Refer from Apostolic fathers ; Biography ; 
 Catholic church ; Christian biography ; 
 Church fathers ; Church history ; Patris- 
 tics ; Saints ; Theology. 
 Fauna. See Zoology. 
 Fauns. 
 
 Refer from Mythology . 
 
 74 
 
Fay-Fic] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Fayence. See Pottery. 
 Feasts. See Fasts and feasts. 
 Federal government. See also Democracy; 
 Republics ; Secession. 
 Refer from Democracy ; Free institutions ; 
 Political science ; Republics. 
 Feeble-minded. See Idiocy. 
 Feeling. See Touch. 
 Feelings. See Emotion. 
 Feet. See Foot. 
 Felony. See Crime. 
 Female. See Woman. 
 Fences. See also Gates. 
 
 Refer from Architecture. 
 Fencing. See also 'Q-a€Cva.g\ Sword. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Military art and 
 science ; Sports ; Sword. 
 Fenians. See also Ireland, History 
 
 Refer from Secret societies. 
 Fermentation. See also Bacteria. 
 
 Refer from Bacteria ; Chemistry ; Liquors. 
 Ferns. 
 
 Refer from "Bot^i-ay \ Cryptogams; Filices. 
 Ferries. 
 
 Refer from Inland navigation ; Transpor- 
 tation. 
 Fertilization of plants. See also Color of 
 flowers. 
 Refer from Botany ; Color of flowers ; Flow- 
 ers ; Insects. 
 Fertilizers. See also Agricultural chemistry ; 
 Manures ; Phosphates. 
 Refer from Agricultural chemistry ; Ag- 
 riculture ; Manures. 
 Festivals. See also Fasts and feasts ; Holi- 
 days ; Pageants; Processions. 
 Refer from Amusements ; Fasts and 
 feasts ; Religious festivals. 
 Fetishism. See also Idolatry. 
 
 Refer from Idolatry; Superstition; Wor- 
 ship. 
 Feudalism. See also Chivalry ; Middle ages. 
 Refer from Chivalry ; Knighthood ; Land ; 
 Law ; Middle ages ; Political science ; 
 Sociology ; Vassals. 
 Fever. See also Bilious fever ; Ha)-fever ; 
 Malarial fever ; Scarlet fever ; Typhoid 
 fever; Typhus fever; Yellow fever. 
 Refer from' Contagion ; Epidemics ; 
 Pathology. -■ * ^ > ' 
 
 Fibres. See also Cotton; Flax; Hemp; 
 Silk; Textile fabrics; Wool. 
 Refer from Hemp ; Linen ; Textile fabrics. 
 Fiction. See also Allegories ; Fables ; Fairy 
 
 11 
 
Fic-Firl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 tales ; Historical fiction ; Legends ; 
 Novelists ; Romances. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Literature ; Novels ; 
 Romance ; Romances ; Stories. 
 
 Fictitious names. See Pseudonyms. 
 
 Fiddle. See Violin. 
 
 Field-sports. See Hunting; Sports. 
 
 Fighting. See Boxing ; Bull fights ; Gladi- 
 ators ; Military art and science ; Naval 
 art and science ; Tournaments. 
 
 Figure of the earth. See Earth ; Geodesy. 
 
 Figure painting. See also Anatomy for artists. 
 Refer from Anatomy for artists ; Human 
 figure ; Painting. 
 
 Filibusters. See Buccaneers. 
 
 Filices. See Ferns. 
 
 Finance . See also Banks ; Bimetallism ; 
 Bonds ; Commerce ; Credit ; Debts, 
 public ; Exchange ; Interest ; Invest- 
 ments ; Loans ; Money ; Panics ; Prices ; 
 Repudiation ; Stocks ; Tariif ; Taxation ; 
 Wealth. 
 Refer from Banks ; Bimetallism ; Bonds ; 
 Business ; Commerce ; Economics ; 
 Funds ; History ; Income, public ; 
 Loans ; Money ; Paper money ; Political 
 science ; Revenue ; Taxation ; Wealth. 
 
 Finding lists. See Library catalogs. 
 
 Fine arts. See Arts, fine. 
 
 Finger rings. See Rings. 
 
 Finite. See Infinite. 
 
 Fire. See also Combustion ; Fires ; Fuel ; 
 Heat ; Heating ; Smoke. 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Combustion ; 
 Heat. 
 
 Fire-engine. 
 
 Refer from Engines ; Fires ; Steam- 
 engine. 
 
 Fire-insurance. See Insurance. 
 
 Fire-worshipers. See also Parsees. 
 Refer from Worship. 
 
 Firearms. See also Ammunition ; Arms and 
 armor ; Arsenals ; Artillery ; Gun ; Gun- 
 cotton ; Gunnery ; Gunpowder ; Ord- 
 nance ; Pistol ; Projectiles ; Rifle ; 
 Shooting. 
 Refer from Ammunition ; Arms and 
 armor ; Gun ; Gunnery ; Military art and 
 science ; Ordnance ; Projectiles ; Rifle 
 Weapons. 
 
 Fires. See also Chimneys; Fire-engine 
 Insurance. 
 Refer from Conflagrations ; Disasters 
 Fire ; Life-saving. 
 
 76 
 
Fi---Flo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Fireworks. 
 
 Refer from Pyrotechnics. 
 Fish. See also Aquarium; Fish-culture; 
 Fisheries ; Fishing. 
 Refer from Fisheries; Ichthyology; 
 Marine zoology ; Vertebrates ; Zoology. 
 Fish-culture. 
 
 Refer from Fish ; Pisciculture. 
 Fisheries. See also Fish ; Fishing ; Seal. 
 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Fish. 
 Fishing. See also Game laws. 
 
 Refer frotn Angling ; Fish ; Fisheries ; 
 Hunting ; Outdoor life ; Sports. 
 Flagellation. See Flogging. 
 Flags. 
 
 Refer from Banners ; Heraldry ; Military 
 art and science ; Signals ; Standards. 
 Flats. See Apartment houses. 
 F'la.x. See also 'Lm&n. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Fibres ; Linen ; 
 Textile fabrics ; Yarn. 
 Flight. See also Aerial navigation ; Ani- 
 mal locomotion ; Birds ; Wings. 
 Refer from Aerial navigation ; Animal 
 locomotion ; Birds ; Flying ; Locomo- 
 tion ; Wings. 
 Flogging. See'also Corporal punishment. 
 Refer from Cor.pora], (punishment ; Flagel- 
 lation ; Punishment; Rod, the; 'Whip- 
 ping- ' » 
 Flood, the. See Deluge. 
 Floods. 
 
 Refer fro7n Disasters ; History ; Inunda- 
 tions ; Rivers. 
 Floors . See also Carpets ; Mosaics ; Pave- 
 ments ; Sweeping. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Carpentry. 
 Flora. See Botany. 
 
 Floral decoration. See also Church decora- 
 tion and ornament. 
 Refer frotn Church decoration and orna- 
 ment ; Decoration and ornament ; 
 Flowers. 
 Floriculture . See also Annuals ; Bulbs ; 
 Flowers ; Gardening ; Greenhouses ; 
 Orchids ; Window-gardening. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Arts, useful ; 
 Botany ; Flowers ; Gardening ; Horti- 
 culture ; Plants ; Window-gardening. 
 Flour. 
 
 Refer from Bread ; Food ; Manufactures ; 
 Wheat. 
 Flowers. &£ a/ro Artificial flowers ; Botany; 
 Buds ; Color of flowers ; Fertilization of 
 
 -77 
 
Flu-i-orJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 plants ; Floral decoration ; Floriculture ; 
 Gardening ; Odors ; Orchids ; Wax 
 flowers ; Window-gardening. 
 Refer from Botany ; Floriculture ; Plants. 
 Fluids. See also Gases ; Hydraulic engineer- 
 ing; Liquids; Mechanics. 
 Refer from Hydraulic engineering ; Hy- 
 draulics ; Hydrodynamics ; Hydro- 
 mechanics ; Hydrostatics ; Liquids ; 
 Mechanics; Physics. 
 Fluxions. See Calculus. 
 Flying. See Flight. 
 
 Flying-machines. See Aerial navigation. 
 Fog. 
 
 Refer from Meteorology ; Water. 
 Folk-lore. See also Fairy tales ; Folk-songs; 
 Legends ; Manners and customs ; My- 
 thology; Sagas; Superstition. 
 Refer from Archaeology; Ethnology; 
 Fairy tales ; Folk-songs ; Legends ; Lit- 
 erature ; Man ; Manners and customs ; 
 Mythology ; People ; Sagas ; Supersti- 
 tion ; Traditions. 
 Folk-songs. See also Ballads ; Folk-lore ; 
 National songs ; Songs. 
 Refer frotn Ballads ; Folk-lore ; National 
 songs ; Songs. 
 Fonts. See Baptismal fonts. 
 Food. See also Adulterations ; Alcohol ; 
 Animal food ; Beverages ; Bread ; Butter ; 
 Cannibalism ; Cookery ; Corpulence ; 
 Diet ; Digestion ; Dining ; Eating ; Flour ; 
 Fruit ; Grain ; Groceries ; Hygiene ; 
 Liquors ; Markets ; Meat ; Milk ; Mush- 
 rooms ; Oyste*- ; Stimulants and nar- 
 cotics ; Sugar ; Temperance ; Vegetables ; 
 Vegetarianism. 
 Refer from Adulterations ; Analysis of 
 food ; Beverages ; Cookery ; Diet ; Din- 
 ing ; Domestic economy ; Eating ; Gas- 
 tronomy ; Meals ; Table, the. 
 Fools. See also Idiocy. 
 
 Refer from Court fools ; Jesters ; Wit and 
 humor. 
 Foot. See also Hosiery; Shoes. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Feet. 
 Football. 
 
 Refer from Ball ; Games ; Sports. 
 Footprints, fossil. 
 
 Refer from Fossil footprints ; Ichnology; 
 Paleontology. 
 Force. See also Mechanics. 
 
 Refer from Conservation of energy ; 
 Correlation of forces ; Dynamics ; 
 
 7S 
 
fof-Vrei LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Energy ; Kinematics ; Kinetics ; Me- 
 chanics ; Moiion ; Philgsophy ; Physics ; 
 Power. 
 Foreign exchange. See Exchange. 
 Foreign missions. See Missions. 
 Fore.stry. See also Arbor-day ; Evergreens ; 
 Grafting; Landscape gardening; Lum- 
 bering; Pruning; Timber; Trees. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Arbor-day ; 
 Arboriculture ; Botany ; Evergreens ; 
 Forests ; Gardening ; Landscape garden- 
 ing; Lumbering;- Planting; Timber; 
 Trees ; Wood ; Woods. 
 Forests. See Forestry. 
 
 Forms (in law) . See also Actions at law ; 
 Affidavits ; Conveyancing ; Pleading. 
 Refer from Actions at law ; Conveyancing ; 
 Law ; Pleading. 
 Fortification. See also Earthwork ; Gunnery ; 
 Military architecture. 
 Refer from ArchiXtoAuYQ, military; Earth- 
 work ; Military architecture ; Military 
 art and science ; Military engineering ; 
 Sieges. 
 Fortune-tellers. See also Dreams. 
 
 Refer from Book of fate. 
 Fortune-telling. See also Astrology ; Clair- 
 voyance ; Divination ; Dreams ; Palm- 
 istry. 
 Refer from Amusements ; Cards ; Divi- 
 nation ; Dreams ; Fate ; Prophecies ; 
 Superstition. 
 Fossil footprints. See Footprints, fossil. 
 Fossils. See Paleontology. 
 Foundations. See also Earthwork ; Ma- 
 sonry ; Walls. 
 Refer frotn Architecture ; Earthwork ; 
 Engineering; Masonry; Walls. 
 Founding. See Casting. 
 Foundlings. See also Adoption. 
 Refer fro?n Children; Orphans. 
 Fountains. See also Springs. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Hydraulic engineering ; Water-supply. 
 Fourth of July. 
 
 Refer from Holidays ; Independence day. 
 Fowl. See Poultry. 
 Fowling. See Falconry. 
 Fracture. See also Dislocation. 
 
 Refer from Bones ; Dislocation ; Surgery- 
 Franciscans. See also Capuchins. 
 
 Refer from Capuchins ; Monasdcism. 
 Free agency. See Liberty of the will. 
 
 79 
 
fre-fn, LIST OF SUBJECT HEADiNG<J 
 
 Free churches. 
 
 Refer from Church polity ; Churches. 
 Free coinage. See also Bimetallism ; Money ; 
 Silver. 
 Refer from Bimetallism ; Coinage ; Money ; 
 Silver. 
 Free institutions. See also Democracy ; 
 Federal government ; Liberty ; Repre- 
 sentation ; Republics. 
 Refer from Liberty ; Political science. 
 Free religion. See also Free thought ; Lib- 
 erty of conscience ; Rationalism. 
 Refer from Free thought ; Rationalism ; 
 Religion ; Religious liberty ; Theology ; 
 Unitarianism. 
 Free schools. See Public schools. 
 Free speech. See Liberty of speech. 
 Free thought. See also Agnosticism ; Free 
 religion ; Rationalism ; Religious liberty ; 
 Skepticism. 
 Refer from Free religion ; Rationalism ; 
 Religious liberty ; Skepticism. 
 Free trade. See Tariff. 
 Free will. See Liberty of the will. 
 Freedmen. See also Negroes ; Slavery. 
 Refer from Colored people ; Negroes ; 
 Slavery. 
 Freedom. See Liberty ; Slavery. 
 Freedom of the press. See Liberty of the 
 
 press. . 
 Freedom of the will. See Liberty of the 
 
 will. 
 Freemasonry. 
 
 Refer from Knights templars ; Masons ; 
 Secret societies ; Templars. 
 Fresco painting. See Frescoes. 
 Frescoes. See also Wall decoration. 
 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Fresco painting ; House 
 painting; Painting; Wall decoration. 
 Fiet cutting. See Wood-carving. 
 Friars. See Monasticism. 
 Friction. 
 
 Refer from Machinery ; Mechanics ; Phys- 
 ics. 
 Friendly societies. See also Building asso- 
 ciations ; Insurance; Odd-fellows. 
 Refer from Benefit societies ; Insurance ; 
 Labor ; Mutual benefit societies ; Poor ; 
 Societies ; Sociology. 
 Friends, society of. 
 
 Refer from Congregationalism ; Dissent- 
 ers ; Persecution ; Puritans ; Quakers ; 
 Sects. 
 
 So 
 
Fri-Futl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Friendship. See also Love. 
 
 Refer from 'E.Xh.ics; Love. 
 Frost. 
 
 Refer from Cold ; Geology ; Meteorology ; 
 Water. 
 Fruit. See also Agriculture ; Gardening ; 
 Grafting ; Grape ; Preserving ; Pruning. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Arboriculture ; 
 Botany ; Food ; Gardening ; Horticult- 
 ure ; Orchards; Pomology; Trees. 
 Fuel . See also Coal ; Gas ; Peat ; Petroleum. 
 Refer from Boilers ; Domestic economy ; 
 Engines; Fire; Heating; Manufactures. 
 Fumigation See also Disinfection. 
 
 Refer from Contagion ; Disinfection ; 
 Smoke. 
 Funds. See Finance. 
 Funerals. See also Burial ; Burial service. 
 Refer from Burial ; Church antiquities ; 
 Death ; Manners and customs ; Rites 
 and ceremonies. 
 Fungi. See also Bacteria ; Mould ; Mush- 
 rooms. 
 Refer from Agricultural pests ; Botany ; 
 Cryptogams ; Microbes ; Mould ; Mush- 
 rooms ; Mycology ; Parasites ; Pests. 
 '^ 1^ Furniture. See also Beds ; Cabinet work ; 
 Candlesticks ; Chairs ; Church furni- 
 ture ; House decoration ; Lamps ; Mir- 
 rors ; Upholstery ; Wood-carving. 
 Refer from Arts, fine; Arts, useful; Cabi- 
 net work ; Decoration and ornament ; 
 Domestic economy ; House decoration ; 
 Interior decoration ; Manufactures ; Up- 
 holstery ; Wood-carving. 
 Future life. See also Annihilation ; Death ; 
 Eternity ; Future punishment ; Heaven ; 
 Hell; Judgment, day of; Millennium; 
 Purgatory ; Resurrection ; Salvation ; 
 Soul ; Spiritualism ; Transmigration. 
 ^^irr/rwM Annihilation; Death; Escha- 
 tology ; Eternal life ; Eternity ; Future 
 punishment ; Hades ; Heaven ; Hell ; 
 Immortality; Intermediate state ; Judg- 
 ment, day of ; Life; Man; Millennium; 
 Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Proba- 
 tion ; Psychology ; Purgatory ; Religion ; 
 Resurrection ; Retribution ; Salvation ; 
 Soul; Theology; Universalism. 
 Future punishment. See also Future life ; 
 Hell ; Purgatory ; Universalism. 
 Refer from Death ; landless punishment ; 
 Future life ; Hell ; Punishment ; Purga- 
 
 8i 
 
Gag-Gas/ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 tory ; Retribution ; Sin ; Theology ; Uni- 
 versalism. 
 Gaging. 
 
 Refer from Gauging ; Mensuration ; 
 Weights and measures. 
 Galleys. 
 
 Refer from Punishment ; Ships ; Slavery. 
 Galvanism. See Electricity. 
 Galvanometer. See also Electric measure- 
 ment. 
 Refer from Electric measurement. 
 Galvanoplasty. See Electrometallurgy. 
 Gambling. See also Betting ; Cards ; Lot- 
 teries ; Probabilities. 
 Refer from Betting ,- Cards ; Ethics ; 
 Games; Gaming; Passions; Sports. 
 Game. See also Game laws ; Hunting ; 
 Sports. 
 Refer from Birds ; Hunting ; Shooting ; 
 Zoology. 
 Game laws. See also Poaching. 
 
 Refer from Fishing ; Game ; Hunting ; 
 Law ; Poaching. 
 Ga mes . See also Amusements ; Archery ; 
 Backgammon ; Baseball ; Billiards ; 
 Bowling ; Cards ; Checkers ; Chess ; 
 Cricket ; Croquet ; Curling ; Dominoes ; 
 Football; Gambling; Golf; Kinder- 
 garten ; Patience ; Solitaire ; Sports ; 
 Tennis ; Toys ; Whist. 
 Refer frovi Amusements ; Plays ; Recre- 
 ation ; Sports. 
 Gaming. See Gambling. 
 Gardening. See also Agricultural pests ; 
 Agriculture ; Botany ; Floriculture ; 
 Forestry ; Fruit ; Gardens ; Green- 
 houses ; Landscape gardening ; Shrubs ; 
 Vegetables ; Weeds ;Window-gardening. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Arts, useful ; 
 Botany ; Country life ; Domestic econ- 
 omy ; Floriculture ; Flowers ; Fruit ; 
 . Horticulture ; Landscape gardening ; 
 Market gardening; Planting; Plants; 
 Shrubs ; Vegetables ; Vines. 
 Gardens. See also Botanical gardens. 
 
 Refer from Gardening. 
 Gas. See also Coal gas. 
 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Coal gas ; Fuel ; 
 Gases ; Lighting ; Manufactures. 
 Gas-engine. 
 
 Refer from Engines. 
 Gases. See also Gas. 
 
 Refer frotn Chemistry ; Fluids ; Mechanics ; 
 Physics ; Pneumatics ; Vapor. 
 
 82 
 
Gas-Geo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Gastronomy- .SV« Cookery ; Dining ; Eating; 
 
 Food. 
 Gates. 
 
 Refer from Arcliitecture ; Doors ; Fences. 
 Gauging. See Gaging. 
 Gazetteers. See Geography, Dictionaries. 
 Gearing. 
 
 Refer from Cog-wheels ; Machinery. 
 Gems. See also Cameos ; Diamonds ; 
 Jewelry ; Precious stones. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; 
 Cameos ; Decoration and ornament ; 
 Diamonds ; Engraving ; Jewelry ; Min- 
 eralogy; Precious stones. 
 Genealogy. See also Biography ; Heraldry. 
 Refer from Ancestry ; Biography ; De- 
 scent ; Families ; Heraldry ; Pedigrees. 
 Generals. See also Military biography. 
 Refer from Biography; Military biog- 
 raphy. 
 Genius. 
 
 Refer from Intellect ; Philosophy ; Psy- 
 chology. 
 Geodesy. See also Earth ; Pendulum ; Sur- 
 veying. 
 Refer from Earth ; Figure of the earth ; 
 Mathematics ; Mensuration ; Surveying ; 
 Trigonometry. 
 Geographical distribution of animals and 
 plants. 
 Refer from Botany ; Distribution of 
 animals and plants ; Zoology. 
 Geographical names. See Names (geo- 
 graphical). 
 Geographical societies. See also Alpine 
 clubs. 
 Refer from Alpine clubs ; Societies. 
 Geography. See also Arctic regions ; At- 
 lases ; Boundaries ; Discoveries ; Earth ; 
 Ethnology ; Explorers ; Globes ; Islands ; 
 Latitude ; Longitude ; Map drawing ; 
 Maps ; Names (geographical) ; Physical 
 geography ; Surveying ; Tropics ; Voy- 
 ages and travels. 
 Refer from Ancient geography ; Atlases ; 
 Discoveries (in geography) ; Earth ; 
 Explorers ; History ; Physical geog- 
 raphy ; Science ; Topography ; Voyages 
 and travels. 
 Geography, Dictionaries. 
 
 Refer from Gazetteers. 
 Geology . See also Boulders ; Coal ; Creation ; 
 Deluge; Dikes; Earth; Earthquakes; 
 Erosion ; Evolution ; Frost ; Glaciers ; 
 
 83 
 
Geo-Gir] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Man; Metals; Mineralogy; Mines and 
 mining ; Moraines ; Mountains ; Paleon- 
 tology ; Peat ; Petroleum ; Physical 
 geography ; Rocks ; Soils ; Stone ; Vol- 
 canoes. 
 Refer from Creation ; Earth ; Earth- 
 quakes ; Mineralogy ; Mountains ; Nat- 
 ural history; Paleontology; Physical 
 geography ; Physical geology ; Phys- 
 iography ; Rocks ; Science. 
 Geometrical drawing. See also Graphics ; 
 Mechanical drawing ; Perspective ; Pro- 
 jection. 
 Refer from Drawing ; Engineering ; Ge- 
 ometry ; Graphics ; Mathematical draw- 
 ing ; Mechanical drawing ; Projection. 
 Geometry. See also Axioms ; Circle ; Conic 
 sections ; Curves ; Geometrical drawing ; 
 Mathematics ; Mensuration ; Perspective ; 
 Quaternions ; Trigonometry. 
 Refer from Analytical geometry; Conic 
 sections ; Mathematics ; Stereography ; 
 Trigonometry. 
 Germ theory. See also Bacteria. 
 
 Refer from Bacteria ; Contagion ; Medi- 
 cine ; Pathology. 
 Gesture. See also Elocution ; Pantomime ; 
 Sign language. 
 Refer from^ Elocution ; Oratory ; Panto- 
 mime. 
 Geysers. See also Springs. 
 
 Refer from Physical geography; Springs. 
 Ghosts. See also Apparitions ; Demonology. 
 Refer from Apparitions ; Hallucinations ; 
 Illusions ; Spectres ; Spirits ; Super- 
 stition. 
 Giants. 
 
 Refer from Man ; Monsters. 
 Gilding. 
 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Goldsmithing ; 
 Painting, mechanical ; Plating. 
 Gilds. See also Trade-unions. 
 
 Refer from Associations ; Economics ; 
 Guilds ; Labor ; Local government ; So- 
 cieties ; Sociology ; Trade-unions. 
 Gipsies. 
 
 Refer from Ethnology ; Gypsies. 
 Girders. See also Bridges ; Roofs ; Trusses. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Bridges ; Engi- 
 neering ; Roofs ; Strength of materials ; 
 Trusses. 
 Girls. See also Children ; Education ; 
 Woman ; Young women. 
 Refer from Children ; Conduct of life ; 
 
 84 
 
Gia-Goo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Ethics ; Woman ; Young people ; Young 
 women. 
 Glaciers. See also Boulders ; Erosion ; Ice ; 
 Moraines. 
 Refer from Boulders ; Erosion ; Geology ; 
 Ice ; Moraines ; Physical geography ; 
 Water. 
 Gladiators. 
 
 Refer from Amphitheatres ; Fighting. 
 Glass. 
 
 Refer from Annealing ; Archaeology ; 
 Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Manufactures ; 
 Windows. 
 Glass-painting. 
 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Painted glass ; Painting ; 
 Stained glass ; Windows. 
 Glees. See also Songs. 
 
 Refer from Music; Songs. 
 Globes. See also Astronomy. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Geography ; 
 Maps. 
 Gloves. 
 
 Refer from Costume ; Hand. 
 Glue. 
 
 Refer from. Cement ; Manufactures. 
 Goblins. See Fairies. 
 
 God. See also Atheism ; Bible ; Creation ; 
 Deism ; Holy spirit ; Idolatry ; Jesus 
 Christ ; Monotheism ; Mythology ; Nat- 
 ural religion ; Pantheism ; Polytheism ; 
 Religion ; Theism ; Theology ; Trinity. 
 Refer from Atheism ; Bible ; Christianity ; 
 Creation ; Deism ; Natural religion ; 
 Pantheism ; Philosophy ; Religion ; The- 
 ism ; Theodicy ; Theology ; Trinity. 
 Gold. See also Alchemy ; Bimetallism ; 
 Coins and medals ; Goldsmithing ; 
 Jewelry ; Mines and mining ; Money ; 
 Precious metals. 
 Refer from Bimetallism ; Metals ; Mines 
 and mining ; Money ; Precious metals ; 
 Specie. 
 Golden fleece. See Argonauts. 
 Goldsmithing. See also Gilding; Jewelry; 
 Plate. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Gold ; Jewelry ; 
 Metal- work ; Plate. 
 Golf. 
 
 Refer from Games ; Sports. 
 Good Friday. 
 
 Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Holy week ; 
 Lent. 
 
 8S 
 
Gor-Gri] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Gorilla. 
 
 Refer from Apes ; Mammals ; Monkeys ; 
 Zoology. 
 Gothic architecture. See also Cathedrals ; 
 Church architecture. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Church archi- 
 tecture. 
 Government. See Political science. 
 Governors. 
 
 Refer from Biography. 
 Grafting. 
 
 Refer from Forestry ; Fruit ; Trees. 
 Grain. See also Wheat. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; BreadstufFs ; Ce 
 reals ; Food ; Wheat. 
 Graining. See also Painting, mechanical. 
 
 Refer from Painting, mechanical. 
 Grammar. See also Etymology ; Prosody. 
 For the Grammar of any language see 
 its name. 
 Refer from Accidence ; Language ; Words. 
 Grammar schools. 
 
 Refer from Education ; Schools. 
 Grangers. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Commerce ; Mo- 
 nopolies ; Patrons of husbandry. 
 Grape. See also Wine. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Fruit ; Vine ; 
 Vines ; Wine. 
 Graphic arts. See Arts, fine ; Drawing ; 
 
 Engraving ; Painting. 
 Graphics. See also Geometrical drawing; 
 Mechanical drawing. 
 Refer from Drawing ; Geometrical draw- 
 ing ; Mechanical drawing. 
 Grass. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Botany. 
 Graveyards. See Cemeteries. 
 Gravitation. See also Astronomy ; Physics ; 
 Specific gravity ; Weights and measures. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Physics ; Specific 
 gravity ; Weights and measures. 
 Greek church. See also Church history. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church 
 history ; Eastern churches ; Russian 
 church. 
 Greenbacks. See also Paper money; U. S., 
 Finance. 
 Refer from Money ; Paper money. 
 Greenhouses. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Architecture ; 
 Conservatories ; Floriculture ; Garden- 
 ing ; Hothouses. 
 Grippe, la. See Influenza. 
 
 86 
 
Gro-Hab] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 Refer from Commexct \ Food. 
 Grotesque. 
 
 Refer from Esthetics. 
 Grottoes. See Caves. 
 
 Guaranties and sureties. See also Bail- 
 ments ; Bonds. 
 Refer frotn Law ; Sureties. 
 Gu.irdians. See also Administrators and 
 executors ; Adoption. 
 Refer from Adoption ; Law ; Wards ; 
 Wills. 
 Guests. 
 
 Refer from Domestic economy. 
 Guide-books. See names of countries and 
 
 places. 
 Guilds. See Gilds. 
 Guillotine. 
 
 Refer from Capital punishment ; Punish- 
 ment. 
 Gun. See also Ammunition ; Artillery ; 
 Bayonet ; Firearms ; Gunnery ; Ord- 
 nance ; Rifle. 
 Refer from Arms and armor ; Firearms ; 
 Gunnery ; Hunting ; Rifle ; Shooting. 
 Guncotton. 
 
 Refer from Explosives ; Firearms. 
 Gunnery. See also Ammunition ; Artillery ; 
 Explosives ; Firearms ; Gun ; Gun- 
 powder ; Ordnance ; Projectiles ; Shoot- 
 ing. 
 Refer from Arms and armor ; Artillery ; 
 Firearms ; Fortification ; Gun ; Military 
 art and science ; Ordnance ; Projectiles ; 
 Shooting. 
 Gunpowder. 
 
 Refer from Ammunition ; Explosives ; 
 Firearms ; Gunnery ; Ordnance ; Powder. 
 Gutta-percha. See also India-rubber. 
 
 Refer from India-rubber; Manufactures. 
 Gymnastics. See also Physical education ; 
 ""■"^Sports ; also the references under these 
 headings. 
 Refer from Athletics ; Calisthenics ; Edu- 
 cation ; Exercise ; Hygiene ; Manly ex- 
 ercise ; Physical education ; Recreation ; 
 Sports ; Training. 
 Gynecology. See Woman, Diseases. 
 Gypsies. See Gipsies. 
 Habeas corpus. See also Martial law. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Martial law. 
 Habit. See also Instinct ; Lefthandedness. 
 Refer from Conduct of life ; Ethics ; 
 Philosophy. 
 
 87 
 
Had-Hea] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Hades. See Future life ; Hell. 
 Hail. 
 
 Refer from Meteorology ; Water. 
 Hair. See also Baldness. 
 
 Refer from Baldness ; Head ; Pathology. 
 Hallucinations. See Apparitions ; Delusions ; 
 
 Ghosts ; Illusions ; Insanity. 
 Hand. See also Gloves ; Lefthandedness ; 
 Palmistry. 
 Refer from Anatomy. 
 Handrailing. 
 
 Refer from Architecture ; Carpentry ; 
 Stair-building. 
 Handwriting. See Autographs ; Penman- 
 ship. 
 Hanging. See also Capital punishment. 
 Refer from Capital punishment ; Punish- 
 ment. 
 Happiness. See also Contentment ; Pleasure. 
 Refer from Contentment ; Ethics ; Pleas- 
 ure. 
 Harbors. See also Breakwaters ; Docks ; 
 Wharves. 
 Refer from Commerce; Docks; Engineer- 
 ing ; Hydraulic engineering ; Navigation ; 
 Ports. 
 Hardware. See also Cutlery ; Keys ; Knives ; 
 Locks ; Metal-work. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Commerce ; 
 Iron ; Manufactures ; Metal-work ; 
 Metals. 
 Harmony. See also Counterpoint ; Music. 
 Refer from Composition, musical ; Music ; 
 Thorough-bass. 
 Harness. 
 Refer from Horse ; Leather ; Manufact- 
 ures ; Saddlery. 
 Hats. See also Head-gear ; Millinery. 
 Refer from Costume ; Head-gear ; Manu- 
 factures ; Millinery. 
 Hawking. See Falconry. 
 Hay-fever. 
 
 Refer from Autumnal catarrh ; Catarrh ; 
 Fever ; Medicine, practice of. 
 Head. See also Baldness ; Brain ; Ear ; Eye ; 
 Face ; Hair ; Headache ; Mouth ; Nose ; 
 Phrenology; Physiognomy; Skull. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Skull. 
 Headache. 
 
 Refer from Head; Medicine, practice of; 
 Nervous system. 
 Head-gear. See also Hats ; Helmets ; Mil- 
 linery. 
 Refer from Costume ; Hats ; Millinery. 
 
Hea-Her] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Health. See Hygiene. 
 Heahh resorts. 
 
 Refer from Hygiene ; Invalids. 
 Hearing. See also Deafness ; Ear. 
 
 Refer from Ear ; Senses. 
 Heart. See also Blood. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Blood ; Chest. 
 Heat. See also Animal heat; Cold; Com- 
 bustion ; Fire ; Heating ; Radiation ; 
 Steam ; Sun ; Temperature ; Thermom- 
 eter. 
 Refer from Caloric ; Cold ; Fire ; Heating ; 
 iWeteorology ; Physics ; Radiation ; Steam- 
 engine ; Temperature ; Thermody- 
 namics. 
 Heating . See also Chimneys ; Fuel ; Heat ; 
 Steam heating ; Stqves ; Ventilation. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Chimneys ; 
 Domestic economy ; Fire ; Heat ; 
 Sanitary engineering ; Steam heating ; 
 Stoves ; Ventilation ; Warming ; Water. 
 Heatstroke. 
 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Sun- 
 stroke. 
 Heaven. See also Angels ; Future life. 
 Refer from Death ; Future life ; Retri- 
 bution ; Theology. 
 Heavens. See Astronomy. 
 Heliotypes. See also Photo-engraving, etc. 
 Refer frovi Photo-engraving, etc. ; Pho- 
 tography ; Pictures . 
 Hell. See also Future life ; Future punish- 
 ment. 
 Refer from Death ; Future life ; Future 
 punishment ; Hades ; Retribution ; 
 Theology. 
 Helmets. 
 
 Refer from Arms and armor ; Head-gear. 
 Hemorrhage. 
 
 Refer from Blood ; Pathology. 
 Hemp. See also Fibres ; Rope. 
 
 Refer from Fibres ; Linen ; Rope ; Yarn. 
 Hens. See Poultry. 
 
 Heraldry. See also Arms and armor ; 
 Chivalry ; Devices ; Flags ; Genealogy ; 
 Peerage. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Arms, coats of; 
 Biography ; Chivalry ; Coats of arms : 
 Crests ; Devices ; Genealogy ; History ; 
 Knighthood ; Nobility ; Pedigrees ; Peer- 
 age. 
 Heredity. See also Biology ; Evolution. 
 Refer from Ancestry ; Biology ; Children ; 
 Descent ; Ethics ; Evolution ; Inheritance 
 
 89 
 
Her-His] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 (biology) ; Man ; Medicine ; Parents ; 
 Physiology ; Psychology ; Zoology. 
 Heresy. See also Inquisition ; Liberty of 
 conscience ; Martyrs ; Persecution. 
 Refer from Church history ; Liberty of 
 conscience ; Theology. 
 Hermeneutics. See Bible. 
 Hermetic art. See Alchemy ; Astrology. 
 Hermits. See also Asceticism. 
 
 Refer from Asceticism ; Christian biog- 
 raphy ; Monks ; Solitude. 
 Heroes. See also Adventure ; Discoveries ; 
 Explorers ; Martyrs ; Missionaries ; My- 
 thology; Saints. 
 Refer from Adventure ; Biography ; 
 Courage. 
 Herpetology. See Reptiles. 
 Hieroglyphics. 
 Refer from Alphabet ; Inscriptions ; 
 Language ; Writing. 
 High schools. 
 Refer from Education ; Secondary 
 schools. 
 Highwaymen. See also Brigands. 
 
 Refer from Brigands. 
 Highways. See Roads. 
 
 Hinduism. See also Brahmanism ; Bud- 
 dhism. 
 Refer from Brahmanism ; Buddhism ; 
 Religions. 
 Hippodrome. See Circus. 
 Histology. See also Anatomy ; Cells ; Mi- 
 croscope. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Cells ; Medicine ; 
 Morphology ; Pathology ; Tissues. 
 Historians. 
 
 Refer fro7H Authors ; Biography ; History. 
 Historical atlases. 
 
 Refer fro)n Atlases ; History. 
 Historical dictionaries. See History, Dic- 
 tionaries. 
 Historical fiction. 
 
 Refer from Fiction ; History. 
 Historical societies. See also Antiquarian 
 societies. 
 Refer from Societies. 
 History. See also Archaeology ; Battles ; 
 Biography ; Boundaries ; Chronology ; 
 Church history ; Civilization ; Coins and 
 medals ; Conspiracies ; Costume ; Cru- 
 sades ; Eastern question ; Ethnology ; 
 Famines ; Finance ; Floods ; Geography ; 
 Heraldry ; Historians ; Historical atlases ; 
 Historical fiction ; History, ancient ; 
 
 90 
 
His-Hor] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 History, modern ; Massacres ; Middle 
 ages ; Military history ; Naval history ; 
 Political science ; Revolutions ; Riots ; 
 Sieges ; Slavery ; Sociology ; Statistics ; 
 Treaties ; also names of countries, places, 
 and persons. For the history of a 
 special subject see its name. 
 Refer from Annals ; Archaeology : Biog- 
 raphy ; Christendom ; Chronology ; Civil- 
 ization ; Man ; Science. 
 History, ancient. See also Archaeology. 
 Refer from Ancient history ; History. 
 History, medieval. See Middle' ages. 
 History, modern. See also Church history ; 
 Crusades ; Middle ages ; Reformation ; 
 Renaissance. 
 Refer from History; Modern history. 
 History, natural. See Natural history. 
 History, philosophy of. See also Civiliza- 
 tion. 
 Refer from Philosophy ; Philosophy of 
 history. 
 Histrionics. See Acting ; Theatre. 
 Hog. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Domestic ani- 
 mals ; Live stock ; Pig ; Swine. 
 Holidays. See also Arbor day ; Christmas ; 
 Fasts and feasts ; Fourth of July ; Me- 
 morial day ; New-year ; Thanksgiving 
 day ; Vacations. 
 Refer frotn Days ; Fasts and feasts ; 
 Festivals ; Vacations. 
 Holy ghost. See Holy spirit. 
 Holy spirit. See also Trinity. 
 
 Refer from God ; Holy ghost ; Spirit ; 
 Theology ; Trinity. 
 Holy week. See also Easter; Good Friday. 
 
 Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Lent. 
 Home. See also Children ; Domestic 
 economy ; Family ; Woman. 
 Refer from Domestic economy ; Ethics ; 
 Family ; Woman. 
 Home decoration. See House decoration. 
 Home education. See Domestic education. 
 Home missions. See Missions. 
 Homeopathy. ^««a:/jo Allopathy ; Medicine, 
 and references under Medicine. 
 Refer frojn Allopathy ; Medicine ; Phar- 
 macy. 
 Homicide. See Murder. 
 Homiletics. See Preaching ; Sermons. 
 Honey. See Bees. 
 
 Horology. See Clocks and watches ; Time- 
 keepers. 
 
Hor-Hou] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Horse. See also Barns ; Domestic animals ; 
 Driving ; Harness ; Horse-racing ; Horse- 
 railroads ; Horseslioeing ; Horseman- 
 ship ; Stables ; Veterinary medicine. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Cavalry ; Do- 
 mestic animals ; Farriery ; Live stock ; 
 Mammals ; Pedigrees ; Stables ; Train- 
 ing; Trotting; Veterinary medicine. 
 Horse-racing. 
 
 Refer from Horse ; Racing ; Sports ; 
 Trotting. 
 Horse-railroads. 
 Refer from Horse ; Railroads ; Street 
 railroads. 
 Horsemanship. See also Coaching ; Driv- 
 ing ; Hunting. 
 Refer from Driving ; Horse ; Locomotion ; 
 Riding; Sports. 
 Horseshoeing. See also Blacksmithing. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Blacksmithing ; 
 Horse. 
 Horticulture. See Floriculture ; Fruit ; 
 
 Gardening. 
 Hosiery. 
 
 Refer from Costume ; Dry goods ; Foot ; 
 Manufactures ; Stockings ; Textile 
 fabrics. 
 Hospitallers. See Malta, knights of. 
 Hospitals. See also Asylums ; Dispensaries ; 
 Insane hospitals ; Nurses and nursing. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Asylums ; 
 Charities ; Dispensaries ; Hygiene, 
 public ; Infirmaries ; Medicine ; Military 
 art and science ; Nurses and nursing. 
 Hotels. See also Apartment houses ; Inns. 
 Refer from Architecture; Inns; Taverns. 
 Hothouses. See Greenhouses. 
 Hours of labor. 
 
 Refer from Eight-hour day ; Labor. 
 House decoration. See also Bric-a-brac ; 
 Candlesticks ; Carpets ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Fancy work ; Furniture ; 
 Paper-hanging ; Upholstery ; Wall dec- 
 oratiofc. . - 
 Refer from Architecture, domestic ; Arts, 
 ♦ S fifle ; Carpets ; Decoration and orna- 
 ment ; Domestic economy ; Furniture ; 
 Home decoration ; Household decora- 
 tion ; Houses ; Interior decoration ; Up- 
 holstery. 
 House drainage. See Plumbing; Sewerage., 
 House painting. See also Frescoes ; Paint- 
 ing, mechanical. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Architecture, 
 
 93 
 
H'--u-Hyd] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 domestic ; Painting, meclianical ; Wall 
 decoration. 
 /.---Household decoration. See House decora- 
 tion. 
 , 'Household pests. 
 
 Refer from Domestic economy ; Insects ; 
 Pests. 
 "'Tlousehold science. See Domestic economy. 
 J^Tiousekeeping. See Domestic economy. 
 ^--Houses. See Architecture, domestic ; House 
 decoration. 
 Huguenots. See also France, Chtirch 
 history; Waldenses. 
 Refer from Church history ; Persecution ; 
 Reformation ; Sects ; Waldenses. 
 Human body. See Anatomy ; Physiology. 
 Human faculties. See Psychology. 
 Human figure. See Anatomy for artists ; 
 
 Figure painting. 
 Human race. See Man. 
 Humbug. See Delusions ; Imposture. 
 Humor, ^ee Wit and humor. 
 Hunting. *.Sfe! -te/j'o Dog; falconry; Fish- 
 ing ; Game ; Game laws ; Gun ; Shoot- 
 ing ; Sports ; Trapping. 
 Refer from Animals ; Chase, the ; 
 Country life ; Field-sports ; Game ; 
 Horsemanship ; Natural history ; Out- 
 door life ; Shooting ; Sports ; Trapping. 
 Hurricanes. See Storms. 
 Husband and wife. See Marriage. 
 Husbandry. See Agriculture. 
 Husbands. See also Family ; Fathers ; 
 Marriage ; Wives. 
 Refer from Family ; Marriage ; Wives. 
 Hussites. 
 
 Refer from Reformation ; Sects. 
 Hydraulic engineering. See also Aqueducts ; 
 Artesian wells ; Canals ; Docks ; Drain- 
 age ; Embankments ; Engineering ; 
 Fluids ; Fountains ; Harbors ; Irrigation ; 
 Mines and mining ; Pumps ; Rivers ; 
 Turbines ; Water ; Water-supply ; 
 Water-wheels ; Wells. 
 Refer fro7n C3.na\& ; Engineering; Fluids; 
 Hydraulics ;4* HydroiBynami^; gydio- 
 mechanics ; _ Hydrostatics ; Liquids ; 
 Machinery ; Mechanics ; Physics ; Rivers ; 
 Water; Water-power; Water-supply. 
 Hydraulics. See Fluids; Hydraulic engi- 
 neering; Mechanics 
 Hydrodynamics. See Fluids ; Hydraulic 
 
 engineering ; Mechanics. 
 Hydrography. See Nautical surveying. 
 
 93 
 
Hvd-lcoJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Hydromechanics. See Fluids ; Hydraulic 
 
 engineering; Mechanics. 
 Hydropathy. See also Baths and bathing. 
 Refer from Baths and bathing; Medicine; 
 Therapeutics ; Water-cure. 
 Hydrophobia. See also Dog 
 
 Refer from Dog. 
 Hydrostatics See Fluids ; Hydraulic engi- 
 neering ; Mechanics 
 ^ Hygiene. Sfe also Baths and bathing; 
 Children ; Cleanliness ; Climate ; Diet ; 
 Exercise ; Gymnastics ; Health resorts ; 
 Invalids ; Longevity ; Medicine ; Mili- 
 tary hygiene ; Mind and body ; Naval 
 hygiene ; Nurses and nursing ; Pathol- 
 ogy; Physical education; Physiology; 
 Rest ; Sleep ; Stimulants and narcotics ; 
 Temperance ; Therapeutics ; Training ; 
 Vacations ; Ventilation ; Voice ; Woman, 
 Diseases. 
 Refer from Biology ; Diet ; Food ; Health ; 
 Life ; Man ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Phys- 
 iology ; Sanitary science. 
 , Hypjiene.. pub lic See also Adulterations ; 
 Burial ; Contagion ; Cremation ; Disin- 
 fection ; Epidemics ; Hospitals ; Inocula- 
 tion ; Quarantine ; Sanitary engineering ; 
 School hygiene. 
 RSfer from Medicine; Public health. 
 Hymns. See also Church music ; Religious 
 poetry. 
 Refer from Anthems ; Chants ; Church 
 music ; Devotional exercises ; Literature ; 
 Liturgies ; Lyric poetry ; Music ; Poetry ; 
 Psalmody ; Religion ; Religious poetry ; 
 Rites and ceremonies ; Sacred poetry ; 
 Songs ; Worship. 
 Hypnotism. See also Animal magnetism ; 
 S ubconsciousness . 
 Refer from Animal magnetism ; Mental 
 suggestion ; Mesmerism ; Mindandbody ; 
 Mind-reading ; Psychology ; Sleep ; Sub- 
 consciousness ; Suggestion, mental. 
 Hysteria. 
 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Ner- 
 vous system ; Woman, Diseases. 
 Ice. See also Alps ; Arctic regions ; Glaciers ; 
 Skating ; Water. 
 Refer from Glaciers ; Meteorology ; Phys- 
 ical geography ; Snow ; Water. 
 Ichnology. See Footprints, fossil. 
 Ichthyology. See Fish. 
 
 Iconography. See Christian art ; Idolatry ; 
 Saints. 
 
 94 
 
Ide-inc-j LIST OF SUBJECT HEADlN'.iS 
 
 Idealism. See also Realism. 
 
 Refer from Philosophy ; Realism. 
 Idiocy. See also Insanity. 
 
 Refer from Brain ; Feeble-minded ; Foolij , 
 Imbecility ; Insanity ; Medicine, practice 
 of; Mental diseases; Mind and body. 
 Idolatry. See also Fetishism. 
 
 Refer from Fetishism ; God ; Iconography ; 
 Image worship ; Religion ; Religions ; 
 Worship. 
 Illumination. See Lighting. 
 Illumination (of mss. and books). See also 
 Alphabets. 
 Refer from Alphabets ; Arts, fine ; Book 
 illustration ; Books and reading ; Deco- 
 ration and ornament ; Manuscripts ; 
 Ornamental alphabets ; Painting. 
 Illusions. See also Apparitions ; Delusions ; 
 Ghosts. 
 Refer from Delusions ; Hallucinations ; 
 Insanity ; Mental diseases ; Psychology ; 
 Visions. 
 Illustration of books. See Book illustration. 
 Image worship. See Idolatry. 
 Imagination. 
 
 Refer from Intellect ; Philosophy ; Psy- 
 chology. 
 Imbecility. See Idiocy. 
 
 Immaculate conception. See also Mary, 
 virgin. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Incarnation ; 
 Jesus Christ ; Mariolatry ; Mary, virgin ; 
 Vatican council. 
 Immigration. See also Colonies ; Naturaliza- 
 tion. 
 Refer from Emigration ; Political science ; 
 Sociology. 
 Immorality. See Crime ; Ethics. 
 Immortality. See Future life. 
 Imperial federation. See also England, 
 Colonies. 
 Refer from Political science. 
 Imports. See Commerce ; Tariff. 
 Imposture. ~^See also Counterfeits; Quacks 
 
 •"•""an(f qu^lSj- '.» 2't - V- 
 
 Referp-om Aavenlurers ; Counterfeits ; De- 
 lusions ; Humbug f' Quacks and quack- 
 ery. 
 
 Imprisonment. See Arrest ; Prisons. 
 
 Incandescent lamps. See Electric lamps. 
 
 Incarnation. See also Immaculate concep- 
 tion ; Jesus Christ. 
 Refer from Jesus Christ. 
 
 Income, public. See Finance. 
 
 95 
 
ln,,-iDt.i LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Income tax. Sfe ahn Taxation. 
 
 Refer from Taxation. 
 Incubation. Sec Poultry. 
 Incubus. See Ni^litm;"'e. 
 Incunabula -SV^ Printing. 
 Independence day. See Fourth of July. 
 Independent order of odd-fellow.s. See Odd- 
 fellows. 
 Independents. See Congregationalism. 
 Indexes. [5^^ subjects indexed, a.f Essays; 
 Periodicals ; or enter here a list of all 
 indexes in the library.] 
 Refer from Bibliography. 
 Indexing. See also Cataloging. 
 
 Refer from Bibliography ; Cataloging. 
 India-rubber. See also Gutta-percha. 
 Refer from Caoutchouc ; Gutta-percha ; 
 Manufactures ; Rubber. 
 Indian corn. See Maize. 
 Indians of North America. See also Cliff- 
 dwellings ; Mound-builders ; Pueblos ; 
 Totems. 
 Refer from American aborigines ; Archae- 
 ology ; Ethnology ; Mound-builders ; 
 Mythology ; Religions ; North American 
 Indians. 
 Indians of South America. 
 Indigestion. See Digestion. 
 Individualism. &(? a/fo Communism ; Social- 
 ism. 
 Refer from Communism ; Economics ; 
 Political science ; Socialism. 
 Induction coils. 
 
 Refer from Electricity. 
 Indulgences. 
 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church 
 polity ; Purgatory. 
 Industrial arts. See Arts, useful ; Manufact- 
 ures . 
 Industrial drawing. See Mechanical draw- 
 ing. 
 Industrial education. See Manual training; 
 
 Technical education. 
 Industrial exhibitions. See Exhibitions. 
 Inebriates. .Ss^ Temperance. 
 Infallibility. See also Catholic church; 
 Popes ; Vatican council. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Popes ; The- 
 ology ; Vatican council. 
 Infanticide. 
 
 Refer from Criminal law; Medical juris- 
 prudence; Murder; Woman; Woman, 
 Law. 
 
 96 
 
Int-insj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Infantry. See also Military art and science. 
 Refer from M\\\tnr J art and science; Tac- 
 tics. Q , / 
 - 'Infants. See Children. r, ,"; i i ' . \' 
 Infection. See Contagion. 
 Infidelity. See Skepticism. 
 Infinite. 
 
 Refer from Finite ; Philosophy. 
 Infirmaries. See Hospitals. 
 Inflammation. 
 
 Refer from Pathology. 
 Influenza. 
 Refer from Breathing; Grippe, la; Medi- 
 cine, practice of. 
 Inheritance. See also Primogeniture ; Wills. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Property ; Wills. 
 Inheritance (biology). See Heredity. 
 Injunctions. 
 
 Refer from Actions at law ; Law. 
 Injuries. See Accidents ; Damages. 
 Ink. 
 Refer fro?n Printing ; Stationery ; Writ- 
 ing. 
 Inland navigation. See also Canals ; Fer- 
 ries ; Rivers ; Steam navigation. 
 Refer from Commen'.e , Navl^diion ; 
 Transportation. 
 Inns. See also Hotels. 
 
 Refer from Hotels ; T^">'rns 
 Inoculation. See also Smallpox; Vaccina- 
 tion. 
 Refer from Hygiene, public; Medicine; 
 Smallpox; Therapeutics; Vaccination. 
 Inquisition. 5«« s/yo Martyrs. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church 
 history ; Heresy ; Martyrs ; Middle ages ; 
 Persecution ; Torture. 
 Insane hospitals. 
 
 Refer from Asylums ; Hospitals ; Insanity. 
 Insanity. See also Brain ; Delusions ; Idiocy ; 
 Illusions ; Insane hospitals ; Medical 
 jurisprudence ; Mind and body ; Nervous 
 system. 
 Refer from Brain ; Hallucinations ; Idiocy ; 
 Intellect ; Lunacy ; Madness ; Medical 
 jurisprudence ; Medicine, practice of; 
 Mental diseases ; Mind and body ; Ner- 
 vous system ; Philosophy ; Psychology. 
 Inscriptions. See also Alphabet ; Cunei- 
 form ; Epitaphs ; Hieroglyphics ; Manu- 
 scripts ; Writing. 
 Refer from Alphabet ; Archaeology ; 
 Diplomatics ; Epigraphy ; Literature ; 
 
 97 
 
Ins-Int] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Manuscripts ; Monuments ; Paleog- 
 raphy ; Writing. 
 Insectivorous plants. 
 
 Refer from Botany. 
 Insects. See also Agricultural pests ; Bees ; 
 Beetles ; Butterflies ; Caterpillars ; Fer- 
 tilization of plants ; Household pests ; 
 Lepidoptera ; Moths ; Parasites. 
 Refer from Agricultural pests ; Ento- 
 mology ; Invertebrates ; Pests ; Zoology. 
 Insolvency. See Bankruptcy. 
 Insomnia. See also Sleep. 
 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Sleep. 
 Instinct. See also Animal psychology. 
 
 Refer from Animal psychology ; Habit ; 
 Intelligence of animals ; Psychology ; 
 Reason ; Zoology. 
 Instrumental music. See also Music ; Musi- 
 cal instruments ; Orchestral music. 
 Refer from Music ; Musical instruments ; 
 Orchestral music. 
 Instrumentation. 
 
 Refer from Music ; Musical Instruments. 
 Instruments. See also Machinery ; Scien- 
 tific apparatus ; Tools ; a/w Arithmetical ; 
 Astronomical; Mathematical; Musicsl;' 
 Optical; Philosophical; Surgical, etc., 
 instruments. 
 Refer from Apparatus ; Science ; Scientific 
 apparatus. 
 Insurance. See also Annuities ; Friendly 
 societies. 
 Refer from Accident insurance ; Assur- 
 ance ; Commerce ; Commercial law ; Con- 
 tracts ; Fire-insurance ; Fires ; Friendly 
 societies ; Investments ; Law ; Life-insur- 
 ance ; Marine insurance; Maritime law; 
 Probabilities ; Property ; Sociology. 
 Intellect. See also Animal psychology ; 
 Belief; Brain; Certainty; Genius; Imag- 
 ination ; Insanity ; Knowledge ; Logic ; 
 Memory ; Psychology ; Reason ; Senses. 
 Refer from Brain ; Intelligence ; Mind ; 
 Philosophy ; Psychology ; Understand- 
 ing. 
 Intellectual property. See Copyright. 
 Intelligence. See Intellect. 
 Intelligence of animals. See Animal psy- 
 chology ; Instinct. 
 Intemperance. See Temperance. 
 Interest. 
 Refer from Arithmetic ; Banks ; Capital ; 
 Commerce ; Economics ; Ethics ; Fi- 
 
 98 
 
Int-Iro] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 nance ; Investments ; Money ; Negotiable 
 instruments ; Tables ; Usury. 
 
 Interior decoration. See Furniture ; House 
 decoration. 
 
 Intermediate state. See Future life ; Purga- 
 tory. 
 
 Interment. See Burial. 
 
 Internal revenue. See Taxation; U. S., 
 Finance. 
 
 International copyright. See Copyright. 
 
 International exhibitions. See Exhibitions. 
 
 International law. See also Aliens ; Alle- 
 giance ; Ambassadors ; Arbitration, in- 
 ternational ; Blockade ; Citizenship ; 
 Consuls ; Diplomacy ; Embargo laws ; 
 Maritime law ; Monroe doctrine ; Natu- 
 ralization ; Neutrality ; Peace ; Privateer- 
 ing ; Prizes ; Treaties. 
 Refer from Blockade ; Diplomacy ; Law ; 
 Law of nations ; Maritime law j Minis- 
 ters (of state) ; Nations, law of; Neutral- 
 ity ; Treaties ; War. 
 
 Intestines. 
 Refer, from Abdomen ; Anatomy ; Viscera. 
 
 Intolerance. See Liberty of conscience ; Re- 
 ligious liberty. 
 
 Intoxication. See Temperance. 
 
 Inundations. See Floods. 
 
 Invalids. See also Diet ; Health resorts ; 
 Nurses and nursing. 
 Refer from Hygiene ; Medicine ; Sick, the. 
 
 Inventions. See also Patents. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Discoveries (in 
 science) ; Machinery ; Patents ; Science. 
 
 Invertebrates. See also Crustacea; Insects; 
 Mollusks ; Worms ; Zoology. 
 Refer from Zoology. 
 
 Investments. See also Annuities ; Banks ; 
 Bonds ; Building associations ; Insur- 
 ance ; Interest ; Loans ; Mortgages ; 
 Speculation ; Stocks. 
 Refer from Bonds ; Corporations ; Eco- 
 nomics ; Finance ; Loans ; Money ; Nego- 
 tiable instruments ; Securities ; Specula- 
 tion; Stocks. 
 
 Iron. See also Casting ; Hardware ; Ironwork ; 
 Mines and mining ; Steel. 
 Refer from Annealing ; Building materials ; 
 Metals ; Mines and mining ; Steel. 
 
 Iron-clad vessels. See Armored vessels. 
 
 Ironwork. See also Blacksmithing. 
 Refer from Arts, fine; Blacksmithing; 
 Iron ; Metal-work. 
 
 99 
 
Irr-Joi] 
 
 LIST OF SUBTECT HEADINGS 
 
 Irrigation. See also Canals ; Drainage. 
 Refer frotn Agriculture ; Canals ; Drain- 
 age ; Engineering ; Hydraulic engineer- 
 ing ; Water-supply. 
 
 Islam. See Mohammedanism. 
 
 Islands. 
 Refer from Geography ; Physical geog- 
 raphy. 
 
 Ivory. 
 ^«/«r/ro»z Carving (wood, etc.) ; Sculpture. 
 
 Jails. See Prisons. 
 
 Jansenists. 
 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- 
 tory ; Jesuits. 
 
 Japanning. See also Varnishing. 
 Refer from Varnishing. 
 
 Jesters. See Fools. 
 
 Jests. See Wit and humor. 
 
 Jesuits. See also Jansenists. 
 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- 
 tory ; Jesus, society of; Monasticism ; 
 Religious orders; Society of Jesus. 
 
 Jesus, society of. See Jesuits. 
 
 Jesus Christ. See also Antichrist ; Apostles ; 
 Arianism ; Atonement ; Bible ; Christian 
 art ; Christianity ; Christmas ; Cross ; 
 Easter ; Immaculate conception ; Inca;-- 
 nation ; Lord's supper ; Mary, virgm ; 
 Millennium ; Miracles ; Parables ; Salva- 
 tion ; Second advent ; Socinianism ; Traa- 
 ^bstantiation ; Trinity ; U,nitarianism . 
 Refer from Atonement; Bible; Christ'; 
 Crucifixion ; Divinity ; God ; Incarnation 
 Jews ; Lord's supper ; Mary, virgin 
 Messiah ; Millennium ; Miracles ; Para- 
 bles ; Prophecies ; Religion ; Resurrec- 
 tion ; Second advent ; Temptation ; The- 
 ology ; Trinity ; Unitarianism. 
 
 Jewelry. See also Beads ; Bracelets ; Cameos ; 
 Gems ; Goldsmithing ; Pearls ; Plate ; 
 Precious stones ; Rings ; Silversmithing. 
 Refer fro7n Arts, fine ; Costume ; Decora- 
 tion and ornament ; Gems ; Gold ; Gold- 
 smithing ; Metal-work ; Precious stones ; 
 Rings ; Silversmithing. 
 
 Jews. See also Bible ; Circumcision ; Es- 
 senes ; Jesus Christ ; Messiah ; Passover ; 
 Patriarchs ; Prophets ; Talmud. 
 Refer from Bible ; Church history ; Juda- 
 ism ; Persecution ; Religions ; Ten tribes 
 of Israel. 
 
 Joinery. See Carpentry. 
 
 Joint-stock companies. See Corporations. 
 
Joi-Kin] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Joints. See also Dislocation. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Bones. 
 Jokes. See Wit and humor. 
 Journalism. See also Authorship ; Libel and 
 slander ; Liberty of the press ; News- 
 papers ; Periodicals ; Reporting. 
 liefer frotn Authorship ; Liberty of the 
 press ; Literature ; Newspapers ; Periodi- 
 cals ; Press ; Reporting. 
 Journeys. See Voyages and travels ; also 
 
 names of countries, etc. 
 Judaism. &^Jews. 
 Judges. See also Chief justices. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Chief justices ; 
 Law ; Lawyers ; Magistrates. 
 Judgment, day of. See also Future life. 
 Refer from Day of judgment ; Future life ; 
 Second advent ; Theology. 
 Juggling. See Conjuring. 
 Jurisdiction. 
 
 Refer from Courts ; 7," v.'. 
 Jurisprudence. See Law. 
 Jury. See also Trials. 
 
 Refer from Criminal law ; Law ; Trial by 
 jury ; Trials. 
 Justices of the peace. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Law ; Magistrates. 
 Justification. See also Faith. 
 
 Refer from Faith ; Theology. 
 luvenile literature. See Children's literature. 
 Kaleidoscope. 
 
 Refer from Light ; Optical instruments. 
 Keramics. See Pottery. 
 Keys. See also Locks. 
 
 Refer frotn Hardware ; Locks. 
 Kidnapping. 
 
 Refer from Criminal law. 
 Kidneys. 
 
 Refer from Abdomen ; Viscera. 
 Kindergarten. See also Child study ; Chil- 
 dren ; Nature study ; Object-teaching. 
 Refer fro7H Child study ; Children ; Educa- 
 tion ; Games ; Object-teaching ; Schools ; 
 Teaching. 
 Kindness to animals. See Animals, treat- 
 ment of. 
 Kinematics. See Force ; Mechanics ; Motion. 
 Kinetics. See Force ; Mechanics ; Motion. 
 Kings. See also Emperors. For works on 
 the duties, rights, etc., of kings, see 
 Monarchy. 
 Refer from Biography ; Monarchy ; Rulers ; 
 Sovereigns. 
 
Kis-Lam] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Kissing. 
 
 Refer from iVlanners and customs. 
 Kitchen. See also Cookery ; Domestic econ- 
 omy. 
 Refer from Cookery ; Domestic economy. 
 Kniglit-errantry. See Chivalry. 
 Knighthood. See Chivalry ; Feudalism ; Her- 
 aldry. 
 Knights hospitallers. See Malta, knights of. 
 Knights of Malta. See Malta, knights of. 
 Knights of St. John. See Malta, knights of. 
 Knights templars. See Freemasonry ; 
 
 Templars. 
 Knitting. See also Fancy work. 
 
 Refer from Fancy work. 
 Knives. See also Cutlery. 
 
 Refer from Cutlery ; Hardware. 
 Knots. 
 
 Refer from Navigation ; Rope. 
 Know-nothings. See American party. 
 Knowledge. See also Education ; PhiluSD 
 phy ; Science. 
 Refer from Education ; Intellect ; Learn- 
 ing ; Philosophy ; Psychology. 
 Koran. See also Mohammedanism. 
 
 Refer from A\cora.n; Mohammedanism. 
 Labor. See also Apprentices ; Arbitration, 
 industrial ; Capital ; Children ; Commur,- 
 ism ; Cooperation ; Economics ; Factory 
 system ; Friendly societies ; Gilds ; 
 Hours of labor ; Machinery ; Peasantry ; 
 Poor ; Profit-sharing ; Servants ; Slavery ; 
 Sociology; Strikes and lockouts ; Trade 
 unions ; Wages ; Woman. 
 Refer from Capital ; Children ; Economics ; 
 Manufactures ; People ; Poor ; Profit- 
 sharing ; Sociology ; Strikes and lock- 
 outs ; Trade-unions ; Wages ; Wealth ; 
 Work ; Working-classes. 
 Lace. &« a/w Needlework . 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Fancy work ; 
 Manufactures ; Needlework ; Weaving. 
 Laconics. See Maxims. 
 Lacquer. 
 
 Refer from Varnishing. 
 Ladies. See Etiquette ; Woman. 
 Lake-dwellings. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Ethnology ; Lakes. 
 Lakes. See also Lake-dwellings ; Ponds 
 Refer from Physical geography ; Ponds ; 
 Water. 
 Lampoons. See Satire. 
 
Lam-Law] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADING? 
 
 Lamps. See also Electric lamps. 
 
 Refer from Furniture ; Lighting ; Oil. 
 Land. See also Agriculture ; Commons ; 
 Deeds ; Easements ; Feudalism ; Land- 
 lord and tenant ; Parks ; Real property ; 
 Rents; Surveying; Taxation; Titles. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Economics ; Land- 
 lord and tenant; Law; Property; Real 
 property; Rent; Tenure of land. 
 Land-drainage. See Drainage. 
 Landlord and tenant. See also Land; Rent. 
 Refer from Land ; Law ; Real property ; 
 Rent ; Tenant. 
 Landscape. 
 
 Refer from Esthetics ; Picturesque. 
 Landscape, gardening. See also Cemeter- 
 ies ; Evergreens ; Forestry ; Gardening ; 
 Parks; Shrubs. 
 Refer frojn Agriculture ; Arts, fine ; Ceme- 
 teries ; Forestry ; Gardenin ; Parks ; 
 Planting ; Rural architecture ; Shrubs ; 
 Trees. 
 Landscape painting. 
 
 Referfrotn Painting. 
 Language . See also Accent ; Alphabet ; 
 Classical education ; Conversation ; 
 Dialects ; Elocution ; Etymology ; Gram- 
 mar ; Hieroglyphics ; Literature ; Names ; 
 Phonetics ; Pronanciation ; Prosody ; 
 Punctuation ; Rhetoric ; Sign language ; 
 Slang ; Speech ; Spelling ; Synonyms'; 
 Translation ; Words ; Writing. 
 Refer from Anthropology ; Ethnology ; 
 Linguistics ; Literature ; Philology ; 
 Science ; Speech ; Words. 
 Lathe. See Turning. 
 Latitude. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Earth ; Geog- 
 raphy ; Nautical astronomy ; Navigation. 
 Latter-day saints. See Mormonism. 
 Laughter. See also Wit and humor. 
 
 Refer from Wit and humor. 
 Laundry. 
 
 Refer from Domestic economy ; Washing. 
 Law. See also Acknowledgments ; Actions 
 at law ; Administrators and executors ; 
 Admiralty ; Adoption ; Affidavits ; Aliens ; 
 Allegiance ; Appeal ; Arrest ; Assault ; 
 Assignments; Asylum, right of ; Attach- 
 ment ; Attorneys ; Awards ; Bail ; Bail- 
 ments ; Bankruptcy ; Benefit of clergy ; 
 Carriers ; Chancery ; Church law ; Civil 
 law ; Civil rights ; Commercial law ; 
 
 103 
 
Law- Lac] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Common law ; Confiscation ; Constables ; 
 Constitutional law ; Contracts ; Con- 
 veyancing ; Copyright ; Corn laws ; 
 Coroners ; Corporations ; Costs ; County 
 officers ; Courts ; Courts martial ; Crime ; 
 Criminal law ; Criminals ; Damages ; 
 Debt ; Deeds ; Divorce ; Easements ; 
 Equity ; Evidence ; Feudalism ; Forms ; 
 Game laws ; Guaranties and sureties ; 
 Guardians ; Habeas corpus ; Inheritance ; 
 Injunctions; Insurance; International 
 law ; Judges ; Jurisdiction ; Jury ; Justices 
 of the peace ; Land ; Landlord and ten- 
 ant ; Lawyers ; Legacies ; Legislation ; 
 Libel and slander ; Liens ; Limitations ; 
 Lynch law ; Magistrates ; Mandamus ; 
 Maritime law ; Marriage ; Martial law ; 
 Master and servant ; Medical jurispru- 
 dence ; Military law ; Moot courts ; Mort- 
 gages ; Municipal corporations ; -Murder ; 
 Mutiny ; Negligence ; Negotiable instru- 
 ments ; Neutrality ; Nuisance ; Parlia- 
 mentary practice ; Partnership ; Patents ; 
 Personal property ; Pleading ; Police ; 
 Poor laws ; Possession ; Powers ; Primo- 
 geniture ; Principal and agent ; Property ; 
 Prostitution ; Punishment ; Real prop- 
 erty ; Receivers ; Rent ; Sale ; Sheriffs ; 
 Titles ; Torts ; Trade-marks ; Treason ; 
 Trespass ; Trials ; Trustees ; Wager of 
 battle ; Wills ; Witnesses ; Woman, Law. 
 Refer from Civil law ; Common law ; Courts ; 
 Criminal law ; Ethics ; Jurisprudence ; 
 Legislation ; Maritime law ; Municipal 
 law ; Pleading ; Political science ; Science ; 
 Sociology. 
 
 Law of nations. See International law. 
 
 Lawn-tennis. See Tennis. 
 
 Lawyers. See also Chancellors, lord; Chief 
 justices ; Judges. 
 Refer from Bar ; Biography ; Law. 
 
 Lead. See also Plumbing. 
 Refer from Metals ; Mines and mining. 
 
 Learning. See Education ; Knowledge. 
 
 Leather. See also Harness ; Shoes ; Tan- 
 ning. 
 Refer from Manufactures ; Tanning. 
 
 Leather work. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Fancy work. 
 
 Leaves. 
 Refer from Botany. 
 
 Lecturing. See also Lyceums. 
 Refer from Lyceums ; Oratory. 
 
 104 
 
Lei-Libj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Lefthandedness. 
 
 Refer from Habit ; Hand. 
 Legacies. 
 
 Refer front Law ; Wills. 
 Legal tender. See also Money. 
 
 Refer from Money ; Paper money. 
 Legends, See also Animals, legends and 
 stories of; Ballads; Cross; Fairytales; 
 Folk-lore ; Mary, virgin ; Mythology ; 
 Romances ; Saints. 
 Refer from Ballads ; Fiction ; Folk-lore ; 
 Literature ; Mythology ; Romances : 
 Stories ; Superstition ; Traditions. 
 Legerdemain. See Conjuring. 
 Legislation. See also Law ; Parliamentary 
 practice ; Political science. 
 Refer from Law. 
 Lent. See also Ash Wednesday ; Easter ; 
 Good Friday ; Holy week. 
 Refer froTn Ash Wednesday ; Catholic 
 church ; Fasting ; Fasts and feasts. 
 Lepidoptera. See also Butterflies ; Cater- 
 pillars ; Moths. 
 Refer from Butterflies ; Insects ; Moths. 
 Letter-writing. See al?o Commercial cor- 
 respondence ; Rhetoric. 
 Refer from Composition ; Correspondence ; 
 Etiquette ; Rhetoric ; Writing. 
 Lettering. See Alphabets. 
 Letters. 
 
 Refer from Correspondence; Literature. 
 Letters (of the alphabet) . See Alphabet. 
 Letters of marque. See Privateering. 
 Levelling. See Surveying. 
 Lexicons. See names of languages, subjects, 
 
 etc. 
 Libel and slander. See also Liberty of 
 speech ; Liberty of the press. 
 Refer from Journalism ; Law ; Liberty of 
 speech ; Liberty of the press ; SIan4er. ^ , 
 Liberty. See also Democracy ; Free institu- 
 tions ; Religious liberty ; Slavery. 
 Refer from Civil liberty ; Democracy ; 
 Despotism ; Ethics ; Free institutions ; 
 Freedom ; People ; Personal liberty ; 
 Philosophy ; Political science ; Religious 
 liberty. 
 Liberty of conscience. See also Dissenters ; 
 Heresy ; Persecution ; Private judgment ; 
 Religious liberty. 
 Refer from Church and state ; Conscience ; 
 Ethics ; Free religion ; Heresy ; Intoler- 
 ance ; Persecution ; Private judgment ; 
 
Lib-Lig] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 ation. 
 Liberty of speech. See also Libel and slan- 
 der ; Liberty of the press. 
 Refer from Free speech ; Libel and slander ; 
 Liberty of the press ; Speech. 
 Liberty of the press. See also Journalism ; 
 Libel and slander ; Liberty of speech ; 
 Prohibited books. 
 Refer from Censorship of the press ; 
 Freedom of the press ; Journalism ; 
 Libel and slander ; Liberty of speech ; 
 Newspapers ; Periodicals ; Press ; Pro- 
 hibited books. 
 Liberty of the will. See also Necessity; Pre- 
 destination ; Will. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Free agency ; Free 
 will ; Freedom of the will ; Necessity ; 
 Predestination ; Psychology ; Theology ; 
 Will. 
 Librarians. 
 
 Refer from Biography. 
 Libraries. See also Bibliography ; Book clubs ; 
 Book collecting ; Bookbinding ; Books 
 and reading; Cataloging; Classification. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Bibliograph) ; 
 Books and reading ; Cataloging ; Classi- 
 fication ; Education ; Library economy ; 
 Literature ; Public libraries. 
 Library catalogs. See also Bibliography ; 
 Cataloging. 
 Refer from Bibliography ; Books and read- 
 ing ; Catalogs ; Finding lists. 
 Library economy. See Libraries. 
 License system. See Temperance. 
 Lichens. 
 
 Refer from Botany ; Cryptogams ; Mosses. 
 Liens. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Property. 
 Life . See Biology ; Christian life ; Conduct 
 of life ; Death ; Ethics ; Future life ; 
 Hygiene; Longevity; Man; Philosophy. 
 Life-boats. 
 Refer from Boating ; Life-saving ; Navi- 
 gation ; Shipwrecks. 
 Life insurance. .SV^ Insurance. 
 Life-saving. See also Accidents ; Beacons ; 
 Drowning; Fires; Life-boats; Light- 
 houses ; Lightning conductors ; Ship- 
 wrecks. 
 Refer from Accidents ; Drowning ; Ship- 
 wrecks. 
 Light. See also Blind; Color; Color-blind- 
 
 to6 
 
Lig-Litj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 ness ; Electric light ; Eye ; Kaleidoscope ; 
 Lighting ; Magic lantern ; Microscope ; 
 Optical instruments ; Perspective ; Phos- 
 phorescence ; Photography ; Polariscope ; 
 Radiation ; Rainbow ; Sight ; Spectacles ; 
 Spectrum ; Stereoscope ; Sun ; Telescope ; 
 X rays ; Zodiacal light. 
 Refer from Color ; Eye ; Optics ; Physics ; 
 Radiation ; Senses. 
 Lighthouses. 
 
 Refer from Beacons ; Life-saving ; Navi- 
 gation. 
 Lighting . See also Candles ; Electric light ; 
 Gas; Lamps ; Oil. 
 Refer from Illumination ; Light. 
 Lightning. See also Electricity ; Lightning 
 conductors ; Thunder-storms. 
 Refer from Electricity ; Meteorology ; 
 Thunder-storms. 
 Lightning conductors. 
 
 Refer fro!7i Life-saving ; Lightning. 
 Limes. See Cement. 
 Limitations (in law). 
 
 Refer from Law. 
 Linen. See also Fibres ; Flax ; Hemp ; Tex- 
 tile fabrics. 
 Refer from Flax ; Textile fabrics. 
 Linguistics. See Language. 
 Liquids. See also Fluids; Hydraulic engi- 
 neering. 
 Refer from Fluids ; Mechanics ; Physics. 
 Liquors. See also Alcohol ; Ale ; Beer ; 
 Brandy ; Brewing ; Distillation ; Fer- 
 mentation ; Temperance ; Wine. 
 Refer from Alcohol ; Beverages ; Distil- 
 lation ; Drinks ; Food ; Manufactures ; 
 Spirituous liquors ; Stimulants and nar- 
 cotics; Temperance; Wine. 
 Litanies. See also Liturgies. 
 
 Refer from Liturgies ; Prayers ; Worship. 
 Literary history. See Bibliography ; Litera- 
 ture. 
 Literary men. See Authors ; Students. 
 Literary property. See Copyright. 
 Literary societies. [Here state method of 
 
 entry of societies.] 
 Literature. See also Anagrams ; Anecdotes ; 
 Authors ; Authorship ; Ballads ; Bestia- 
 ries ; Bibliography ; Books and reading ; 
 Bookselling ; Chap-books ; Children's 
 literature ; Classical literature ; Common- 
 place books; Copyright; Criticism; 
 Dialogues ; Drama ; Emblems ; Epi- 
 
 107 
 
Lit-Loc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 grams ; Epitaphs ; Essays ; Fables ; Fairy 
 tales ; Fiction ; Folk-lore ; Hymns ; 
 Inscriptions ; Journalism ; Language ; 
 Legends ; Letters ; Libraries ; Manu- 
 scripts ; Maxims ; Mottoes ; Newspapers ; 
 Orations ; Parody ; Periodicals ; Poetry ; 
 Printing ; Prose ; Proverbs ; Quotations ; 
 Readers and speakers ; Renaissance ; 
 Rhetoric ; Riddles ; Romances ; Roman- 
 ticism ; Sagas ; Satire ; Sermons ; Tracts ; 
 Wit and humor. {See also the report of 
 the Committee on an index to subject 
 headings at the Chicago conference, L.j. 
 i8: C79 ; also Appendix G.] 
 Refer from Authors ; Belles-lettres ; Bibli- 
 ography ; Books and reading ; Criticism ; 
 Language ; Literary history ; Poetry ; 
 Prose. 
 
 Lithography. See also Chromolithography. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Chromolithog- 
 raphy ; Engraving. 
 
 Lithology. Se: Rocks. 
 
 Liturgies. See also Burial service ; Hymns ; 
 Litanies ; Missals ; Prayers ; Responsive 
 worship ; Rites and ceremonies ; Ritual- 
 ism ; also names of churches. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church ser- 
 vices ; Devotional exercises ; Litanies ; 
 Prayers ; Religious services ; Responsive 
 worship ; Rites and ceremonies ; Service- 
 books ; Worship. 
 
 Live stock. See Cattle; Domestic animals; 
 Hog ; Horse ; Poultry ; Sheep. 
 
 Liver. See also Bilious fever. 
 Refer from Abdomen ; Anatomy ; Bilious 
 fever ; Viscera. 
 
 Lives. See Biography ; also names of indi- 
 viduals and classes of persons. 
 
 Loan associations. See Building associations. 
 
 Loans. See also Finance ; Investments ; 
 Repudiation. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Finance ; Invest- 
 ments. 
 
 Local government. See also Boroughs ; 
 County officers ; Gilds ; Municipal gov- 
 ernment Towns ; Villag^omn*nities ; 
 " ViHjTg^s". '-^ %* vV,» fr,-? A J. lid 
 
 Refer- from Cities ; Municipal govern- 
 ment ; Political science ; Town-meeting ; 
 Towns ; Village communities. 
 
 Lockjaw. 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Mouth ; 
 Tetanus. 
 
 108 
 
Loc-Lov] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Lockouts. See Strikes and lockouts. 
 Locks. See also Keys. 
 
 Refer from Hardware ; Keys. 
 Locomotion. See also Aerial navigation ; 
 Animal locomotion ; Canals ; Canoeing ; 
 Carriages ; Coaching ; Cycling ; Flight ; 
 Horsemanship ; Navigation ; Railroads ; 
 Roads ; Rowing ; Running ; Skating ; 
 Transportation ; Travel ; Walking ; 
 Yachting. 
 Refer from Motion. 
 Locomotives. See also Railroads ; Steam- 
 engine. 
 Refer from Engines ; Machinery ; Motors ; 
 Railroads ; Steam-engine. 
 Logarithms. See also Trigonometry. 
 
 Refer from Mathematics ; Tables ; Trigo- 
 nometry. 
 Logic. See also Certainty ; Evidence ; Fal- 
 lacies ; Probabilities. 
 Refer from Evidence ; Fallacies ; Intellect ; 
 Philosophy; Probabilities; Proof; Psy- 
 chology ; Reason ; Science ; Thinking ; 
 Thought. 
 Longevity. See also Old age ; Vital 
 statistics. 
 Refer from Age ; Biology ; Hygiene ; Life ; 
 Man ; Old age ; Pathology ; Physiology. 
 Longitude. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Earth ; Geog- 
 raphy ; Nautical astronomy ; Naviga- 
 tion. 
 Looking-glasses. .S>« Mirrors. 
 Lord's prayer. 
 Refer from Bible ; Devotional exercises ; 
 Prayer ; Prayers ; Theology. 
 Lord's supper. See also Church member- 
 ship ; Close communion ; Jesus Christ ; 
 Mass ; Passover ; Sacraments ; Transub- 
 stantiation. 
 Refer from Altars ; Church antiquities ; 
 Church membership ; Church polity ; 
 Close communion ; Communion ; Con- 
 firmation ; Devotional exercises ; Eucha- 
 rist ; Jesus Christ ; Mass ; Passover ; 
 Protestant episcopal church in the U. 
 S. ; Real presence ; Sacraments; Theol- 
 ogy ; Transubstantiation. 
 Lotteries. See also Probabilities. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Gambling. 
 Love. See also C\xiX\\N \ Courtship; Friend- 
 ship ; Marriage ; Mothers. 
 Refer from Charity ; Courtship ; Ethics ; 
 
 109 
 
Lov-Mag] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Friendship ; Marriage ; Passions ; Theol- 
 ogy ; Woman. 
 Loyalists, American. See American loyal- 
 ists. 
 Lumbering. See also Forestry ; Timber. 
 
 Refer from Forestry ; Timber ; Trees. 
 Lunacy, See Insanity. 
 
 Lungs. See also Breathing ; Consumption ; 
 Pneumonia. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Breathing ; Chest ; 
 Consumption ; Pneumonia. 
 Luxury. See also Wealth. 
 
 Refer fro??i Wealth. 
 Lycanthropy. See Werwolves. 
 Lyceums. See also Lecturing. 
 
 Refer from Education ; Lecturing. 
 Lying. See also Truth. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Truth. 
 Lynch law. 
 
 Refer fro7ii h2,\\ \ Mobs. 
 Lyric poetry. See also Ballads ; Hymns ; 
 Minnesingers; Odes. 
 Refer from Ballads ; Odes ; Poetry ; Songs. 
 Machinery. See also Agricultural machinery ; 
 Belting ; Cranes ; Electric engineering ; 
 Engineering ; Engines ; Friction ; Gear- 
 ing ; Hydraulic engineering ; Inventions ; 
 Locomotives ; Manufactures ; Mechanical 
 drawing ; Mechanics ; Mills ; Mines and 
 mining ; Motors ; Patents ; Pumps ; Rail- 
 roads ; Steam-engine ; Technical educa- 
 tion ; Timekeepers ; Tools ; Turning ; 
 Water-wheels ; Wheels ; Windmills. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Engineering ; 
 Instruments; Labor; Manual training; 
 Manufactures ; Mechanical engineering ; 
 Mechanics ; Mills ; Motors ; Power ; 
 Steam-engine ; Tools ; Wheels. 
 Madness. See Insanity. 
 Madonna. See Mary, virgin. 
 Magazines. See Periodicals. 
 Magic. See Conjuring; Occult sciences; 
 
 Witchcraft. 
 Magic lantern. 
 Refer from Light ; Optical instruments ; 
 Projecting ; Stereopticon. 
 Magistrates. See also Judges ; Justices of 
 the peace ; Monarchy. 
 Refer from Law ; Political science. 
 Magnetic needle. See Compass. 
 Magnetism. See also Animal magnetism ; 
 Compass ; Electricity ; Electromagnets. 
 Refer from Electricity ; Physics. 
 
 no 
 
Man-Man! 
 
 LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Mahommedanism. See Mohammedanism. 
 
 Mail. See Post-office. 
 
 Maize. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Corn, Indian ; 
 Indian corn. 
 
 Majolica. See also Pottery. 
 Refer from Pottery. 
 
 Malacology. See MoUusks. 
 
 Malaria. See also Malarial fever. 
 Refer front Medicine ; Pathology. 
 
 Malarial fever. 
 Refer from Ague ; Fever ; Malaria. 
 
 Malpractice. 
 Refer from Medical jurisprudence ; Medi- 
 cine, practice of. 
 
 Malt. See Beer ; Brewing. 
 
 Malta, knights of. 
 
 Refer from Chivalry ; Hospitallers ; Knights 
 hospitallers ; Knights of Malta ; Knights 
 of St John ; Secret societies. 
 
 Mammals. See also Apes ; Cat ; Dog ; Do- 
 mestic animals ; Gorilla ; Horse ; Man 
 Menageries ; Monkeys ; Quadrupeds 
 Seal ; Vertebrates ; Zoology. 
 Refer from Quadrupeds ; Vertebrates 
 Zoology. 
 
 Man. See also Anatomy ; Anthropometry 
 Archaeology ; Cannibalism ; Civilization 
 Color of man ; Creation ; Dwarfs ; Ethic; 
 Ethnology ; Evolution ; Family ; Folk- 
 lore ; Future life ; Giants ; Heredity 
 History ; Hygiene ; Longevity ; Manners 
 and customs ; Monsters ; Paleontology 
 Phrenology ; Physiognomy ; Physiology 
 Psychology ; Religion ; Salvation ; Sex 
 Sociology ; Soul ; Vital statistics 
 Woman ; also names of races. 
 Refer from Anthropology ; Archaeology 
 Civilization ; Creation ; Ethnology ; Evo 
 lution ; Geology ; Human race ; Life 
 Mammals ; Natural history ; Philosophy 
 Physiology ; Science ; Sociology ; Zool- 
 ogy- 
 Mandamus. 
 
 Refer from Law. 
 
 Manly exercises. See Gymnastics ; Physical 
 education ; Sports. 
 
 Manners. See Etiquette. 
 
 Manners and customs. See also Archaeol- 
 ogy ; Burial ; Cannibalism ; Caste ; Cos- 
 tume ; Drinking customs ; Dueling ; Eat- 
 ing ; Etiquette ; Folk-lore ; Funerals ; 
 
Man-Mar] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGb 
 
 Kissing ; Marriage ; Punishment ; Rites 
 and ceremonies ; Tattooing ; Toasts. 
 Refer froin Archaeology ; Ceremonies ; 
 Customs ; Ethics ; Folk-lore ; Man ; Soci- 
 ology ; Usages. 
 
 Manual training. See also Carpentry ; Draw- 
 
 ""Tng; Machinery; Sloyd ; Technical edu- 
 cation ; Wood-carving. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Education ; In- 
 dustrial education ; Technical education. 
 
 Manufactures. See also Arts, useful ; Bev- 
 erages ; Bricks ; Cables ; Candles ; Car- 
 riages ; Cars ; Chains ; Clocks and 
 watches ; Clothing ; Commerce ; Con- 
 fectionery ; Cutlery ; Factories ; Factory 
 system ; Flour ; Fuel ; Furniture ; Gas ; 
 Glass ; Glue ; Gutta-percha ; Hardware ; 
 Harness ; Hats ; Hosiery ; India-rubber ; 
 Labor ; Lace ; Leather ; Liquors ; Machin- 
 ery ; Metal-work ; Metals ; Mills ; Needle- 
 work ; Paper ; Patents ; Perfumery ; Pot- 
 tery ; Prices ; Receipts ; Rope ; Soap ; 
 Shoes ; Stationery ; Textile fabrics ; 
 Timekeepers ; Trade-marks ; Woodwork. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Business ; Com- 
 merce ; Economics ; Industrial arts ; 
 Machinery ; Mills ; Technology ; Useful 
 arts. 
 
 Manures. See also Agricultural chemistry ; 
 Fertilizers ; Peat ; Phosphates. 
 Refer from Agricultural chemistry ; Agri- 
 culture ; Fertilizers. 
 
 Manuscripts. 3V^ a/y<7 Abbreviations ; Illumi- 
 nation ; Inscriptions ; Writing. 
 Refer from Bibliography ; Books and read- 
 ing; Diplomatics; Inscriptions; Litera- 
 ture ; Paleography ; Writing. 
 
 Map drawing. See also Topographical draw- 
 ing. 
 Refer from Drawing ; Geography ; Maps ; 
 Topographical drawing. 
 
 Maps. See also Atlases ; Globes ; Map draw- 
 ing ; also names of countries, etc. 
 Refer from Atlases ; Cartography ; Charts ; 
 Geography. 
 
 Marbling. 
 
 Refer from Bookbinding; Painting, me- 
 chanical ; Paper. 
 
 Marine architecture. See Ship-building. 
 
 Marine insurance. See Insurance. 
 
 Marine plants. See Algae. 
 
 Marine surveying. See Nautical surveying. 
 
 Marine zoology. See also Aquarium ; Crus- 
 
Mar-Masj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 tacea ; Dredging ; Fish ; Mollusks ; Ocean ; 
 Seal ; Seashore. 
 Refer from Aquatic animals ; Dredging ; 
 Ocean ; Seashore ; Zoology. 
 Mariner's compass. See Compass. 
 Mariolatry. See Immaculate conception ; 
 
 Mary, virgin. 
 Maritime law. See also Admiralty ; Insur- 
 ance ; International law ; Law, and the 
 references under that subject ; Mutiny ; 
 Prizes. 
 Refer fro7n Admiralty ; Commercial law ; 
 International law ; Law. 
 Maritime surveying. See Nautical survey- 
 ing. 
 Market gardening. See Agriculture ; Gar- 
 dening; Vegetables. 
 Markets. 
 
 Refer from Cities ; Commerce ; Food. 
 Marriage. See also Adultery; Celibacy; 
 Chastity ; Consanguinity ; Courtship ; 
 Divorce ; Family ; Husbands ; Love ; 
 Polygamy ; Wives ; Woman. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Church antiqu'- 
 ties ; Church law ; Consanguinity ; Court- 
 ship ; Divorce ; Domestic relations ; 
 Ethics ; Etiquette ; Family ; Husband 
 and wife ; Husbands ; Law ; Love ; 
 Manners and customs ; Matrimony ; 
 Polygamy ; Rites and ceremonies ; Sac- 
 raments ; Sociology ; Weddings ; Wives ; 
 Woman ; Woman, Law. 
 Martial law. See also Habeas corpus ; Mili- 
 tary law. 
 Refer from Habeas corpus ; Law ; Military 
 art and science ; Military law ; War. 
 Martyrs. See also Christian biography; In- 
 quisition ; Persecution ; Saints. 
 Refer from Christian biography ; Church 
 history ; Church of England ; Heresy ; 
 Heroes ; Inquisition ; Persecution. 
 Mary, virgin. See also Christian art ; Im- 
 maculate conception ; Jesus Christ. 
 Refer fro7n Catholic church ; Immaculate 
 conception ; Jesus Christ ; Legends ; 
 Madonna ; Mariolatry ; Miracles ; Virgin 
 Mary. 
 Masks (for the face) . 
 
 Refer from Costume. 
 Masks (plays). 
 
 Refer from Drama ; Masques ; Theatre. 
 Masonry. See alfo Arches ; Bricks ; Bridges ; 
 Cement ; Concrete ; Foundations ; Plas- 
 
Mas-Mat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 tering ; Stone ; Strength of materials ; 
 Vaulting; Walls. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Arts, useful ; 
 Bricks ; Bridges ; Building ; Engineer- 
 ing; Foundations; Stone; Strength of 
 materials ; Walls. 
 Masons. See Freemasonry. 
 Masquerades. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Balls (parties) . 
 Masques. See Masks. 
 
 Mass. See also Lord's supper; Masses; 
 Transubstantiation. 
 Refer from Altars ; Catholic church ; Lord's 
 supper ; Rites and ceremonies ; The- 
 ology ; Transubstantiation. 
 Massacres. 
 
 Refer from Battles ; History ; Persecution. 
 Massage. 
 
 Refer from Therapeutics. 
 Masses (music). 
 
 Refer from Church music ; Mass ; Music. 
 Master and servant. See also Apprentices ; 
 Servants. 
 Refer from Domestic relations ; Law ; 
 Servants. 
 Materia medica. See also Drugs ; Pharmacy ; 
 Therapeutics. 
 Refer from Drugs ; Medicine ; Pharmacy ; 
 Therapeutics. 
 Materialism. See also Evolution ; Rational- 
 ism ; Soul. 
 Refer from Atheism ; Matter ; Philosophy ; 
 Skepticism ; Theology. 
 Materials, strength of. See Strength of ma- 
 terials. 
 Maternity. See Mothers. 
 Mathematical drawing. See Geometrical 
 
 drawing ; Mechanical drawing. 
 Mathematical instruments. See also Arith- 
 metical instruments ; Calculating ma- 
 chines. 
 Refer from Instruments ; Mathematics. 
 Mathematics. See also Algebra ; Arithme- 
 tic ; Astronomy ; Axioms ; Calculating 
 machines ; Calculus ; Conic sections ; 
 Engineering ; Equations ; Geodesy ; 
 Geometry ; Logarithms ; Mathematical 
 instruments ; Mechanics ; Mensuration ; 
 Metric system ; Navigation ; Numbers ; 
 Numerals ; Physics ; Probabilities ; 
 Quaternions ; Surveying ; Trigonometry. 
 Refer from Algebra ; Conic sections ; 
 Geometry ; Science ; Trigonometry. 
 
 "4 
 
Mat-Med] , LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Matrimony. See Marriage. 
 
 Matter. See also Atoms ; Materialism ; 
 Molecules ; Physics. 
 Refer from Dynamics ; Mechanics ; Phi- 
 losophy; Physics. 
 
 Maxims. See also Epigrams ; Proverbs ; 
 Quotatiotis.^, ., 
 Refer from , Adages ; Aphorisms ; Apo- 
 thegms ; Epigrams ; Laconics ; Litera- 
 ture ; Proverbs ; Quotations ; Sayings. 
 
 Meals. See Dining; Eating; Food. 
 
 Measures. See Mensuration; Weights and 
 measures. 
 
 Meat. See also Animal food. 
 Refer from Animal food ; Food. 
 
 Mechanic arts. See Arts, useful. 
 
 Mechanical drawing. See also Architect- 
 ural drawing; Geometrical drawing; 
 Graphics ; Projection. 
 Refer from Drawing ; Engineering ; Geo- 
 metrical drawing; Graphics; Industrial 
 drawing ; Machinery ; Mathematical draw- 
 ing; Pattern-making. 
 
 Mechanical engineering. See Engineering; 
 Machinery; Mechanics. 
 
 Mechanics. See also Aerial navigation ; 
 Engineering ; Fluids ; Force ; Friction ; 
 Gases ; Hydraulic engineering ; Liquids ; 
 Machinery; Matter; Motion; Motors; 
 Perpetual motion ; Physics ; Power ; 
 Statics ; Steam-engine ; Strength of 
 materials. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Dynamics ; 
 Engineering ; Fluids ; Force ; Hydrau- 
 lics ; Hydrodynamics ; Hydromechanics ; 
 Hydrostatics ; Kinematics ; Kinetics ; 
 Machinery ; Mathematics ; • Mechanical 
 engineering ; Motion ; Physics ; Power ; 
 Statics 
 
 Mechanics (persons). 
 Refer from Biography. 
 
 Medals. See Coins and medals. 
 
 Medical botany. 
 Refer from Botany. 
 
 Medical chemistry. 
 Refer from Chemistry. 
 
 Medical education. 
 Refir from Colleges and universities; 
 Education ; Medical schools. 
 
 Medical electricity. 
 Refer from Electricity ; Electrotherapeu- 
 tics ; Therapeutics. 
 
 Medical jurisprudence. See also Autopsy ; 
 
Med-Mem] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Infanticide ; Insanity ; Malpractice ; Poi- 
 sons ; Suicide. 
 Refer from Insanity ; Law ; Poisons. 
 
 Medical scliools. See Medical education. 
 
 Medicine. See also Accidents; Allopathy; 
 Anatomy ; Anesthetics ; Animal mag- 
 netism ; Antiseptics ; Asylums ; Autopsy ; 
 Bacteria ; Contagion ; Diagnosis ; Germ 
 theory ; Heredity ; Histology ; Home- 
 opathy ; Hospitals ; Hydropathy ; Hy- 
 giene ; Hygiene, public ; Inoculation ; 
 Invalids ; Malaria ; Materia medica ; 
 Medical ; Microscope ; Military hygiene ; 
 Mind and body ; Naval hygiene ; Nurses 
 and nursing ; Pathology ; Pharmacy ; 
 Physicians ; Physiology ; Poisons ; Quacks 
 and quackery ; Stimulants and narcotics ; 
 Surgery ; Therapeutics ; Vaccination ; 
 Veterinary medicine ; Woman, Dis- 
 eases. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Homeopathy ; 
 Hygiene ; Pathology ; Physiology ; Sci- 
 ence ; Surgery ; Therapeutics ; Woman, 
 Diseases. 
 
 Medicine, practice of. See also Apoplexy; 
 Asthma ; Black death ; Bronchitis ; Can- 
 cer ; Catarrh ; Chicken pox ; Children, 
 Diseases ; Cholera ; Clinical medicine ; 
 Cold ; Consumption ; Croup ; Deafness ; 
 Dyspepsia ; Hay-fever ; Headache ; Heat- 
 stroke ; Hysteria ; Idiocy ; Influenza ; In- 
 sanity ; Insomnia ; Lockjaw ; Malpractice ; 
 Nervous system ; Neuralgia ; Nurses and 
 nursing ; Paralysis ; Parasites ; Plague ; 
 Pneumonia ; Rheumatism ; Scarlatina ; 
 Scarlet fever ; Seasickness ; Smallpox ; 
 Somnambulism ; Sore throat ; Surgery ; 
 Teeth ; Therapeutics ; Tumors ; Vario- 
 loid ; Voice ; Woman, Diseases. 
 
 Medieval art, geography, eic. See Art, 
 Geography, elc, under which subdivi- 
 sions may be made if necessary. 
 
 Medieval history. See Middle ages. 
 
 Meditations. See Devotional exercises. 
 
 Memoirs. See Biography ; also names of 
 individuals. 
 
 Memorial day. 
 Refer from Decoration day ; Holidays. 
 
 Memory. 
 Refer from Education ; Intellect ; Mental 
 discipline ; Mnemonics ; Philosophy ; 
 Psychology ; Teaching. 
 
 ii6 
 
Men-Met] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Menageries. 
 Refer from Mammals ; Zoological gardens ; 
 Zoology. 
 
 Mendicity. See Begging. 
 
 Mensuration. See also Gaging; Geodesy; 
 Metric system ; Surveying ; Weights 
 and measures. 
 Refer from Arithmetic ; Engineering ; 
 Geometry ; Mathematics ; Measures ; 
 Metrology ; Trigonometry ; Weights and 
 measures. 
 
 Mental arithmetic. See Arithmetic. 
 
 Mental discipline. See Education ; Memory. 
 
 Mental diseases. See Brain ; Idiocy ; Illu- 
 sions ; Insanity. 
 
 Mental philosophy. See Philosophy ; Psy- 
 chology. 
 
 Mental physiology. See Mind and body. 
 
 Mental suggestion. See Animal magnetism ; 
 Hypnotism. 
 
 Mercantile law. See Commercial law. 
 
 Merchandise. See Commerce. 
 
 Merchants. See also Business; Commerce; 
 Commercial law; Commercial travelers. 
 Refer from Biography ; Business ; Com- 
 merce. 
 
 Mercury. 
 
 Refer from Amalgamation ; Metals ; Mines 
 and mining ; Quicksilver. 
 
 Mesmerism. See Animal magnetism; Hyp- 
 notism. 
 
 Messiah. See also Jesus Christ. 
 Refer from Jews. 
 
 Metal-work. See also Brasses ; Bronzes ; 
 Cutlery ; Goldsmithing ; Hardware ; 
 Ironwork ; Jewelry ; Plate ; Plating ; 
 Silversmithing ; Soldering. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Arts, fine ; 
 Arts, useful ; Decoration and ornament ; 
 Hardware ; Manufactures ; Metals. 
 
 Metallurgy. See Metals. 
 
 Metals. See also Alchemy ; Alloys ; Amalga- 
 mation ; Annealing ; Assaying ; Blowpipe ; 
 Brass; Bronze; Casting; Chemistry; 
 Electrometallurgy ; Gold ; Hardware ; 
 Iron ; Lead ; Mercury ; Metal-work ; 
 Mineralogy ; Mines and mining ; Pattern- 
 making ; Precious metals ; Silver ; Steel ; 
 Wire. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Assaying ; Chem- 
 istry ; Geology ; Manufactures ; Metal- 
 lurgy ; Mineralogy; Mines and mining; 
 Ores ; Smelting. 
 
 117 
 
Met-.Mil] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Metaphor. See also Rhetoric. 
 
 Refer from Rhetoric. 
 Metaphysics. See Philosophy; Psychology. 
 Metempsychosis. See Transmigration. 
 Meteorites. See Meteors. 
 Meteorology. See also Air ; Aurora ; Barom- 
 eter ; Climate; Clouds; Cold; Dew; 
 Electricity ; Evaporation ; Fog ; Frost ; 
 Hail; Heat; Ice; Lightning; Meteors; 
 Ocean ; Physical geography ; Rain ; 
 Rainbow ; Seasons ; Snow ; Storms ; 
 Temperature ; Thermometer ; Thunder- 
 storms ; Waterspouts ; Weather; Winds. 
 Refer from Air ; Atmosphere ; Climate ; 
 Clouds; Earth; Physical geography; 
 Physics ; Rain ; Science ; Sky ; Water ; 
 Weather; Winds. 
 Meteors. 
 
 Refer from Aerolites ; Astronomy ; Fall- 
 ing stars ; Meteorites^ Meteorology ; 
 Shooting-stars ; Stars. 
 Methodism. See also Episcopacy. 
 
 Refer from Church polity ; Episcopacy. 
 Methodist episcopal church. 
 
 Refer from Episcopal church ; Sects ; 
 Wesleyans. 
 Metre. See also Poetry ; Prosody ; Versifi- 
 cation. 
 Refer from Poetry ; Prosody ; Versification. 
 Metric system. See also Decimal system ; 
 Weights and measures. 
 Refer from Arithmetic ; Decimal system ; 
 Mathematics ; Mensuration ; Weights 
 and measures. 
 Metrology. See Mensuration ; Weights and 
 
 measures. 
 Microbes. See Bacteria ; Fungi. 
 Microphotography. See Photomicrography. 
 Microscope. See also Photomicrography. 
 Refer from Animalcules ; Botany ; Histol- 
 ogy ; Light ; Medicine ; Natural history ; 
 Optical instruments ; Science ; Zoology. 
 Middle ages. See also Castles ; Chivalry ; 
 Crusades ; Feudalism ; Inquisition ; Mo- 
 nasticism ; Renaissance. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Chivalry ; 
 Church history ; Crusades ; Dark ages ; 
 Feudalism ; History ; History, medieval ; 
 History, modern ; Medieval history ; 
 Renaissance. 
 Military architecture. See also Arsenals; 
 Castles ; Fortification. 
 Refer from Architecture, military ; Cas- 
 
 ii8 
 
Mil-Mil] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 ties ; Fortification ; Military art and 
 science ; Military engineering. 
 
 Military art and science. See also Ammu- 
 nition ; Arms and armor ; Artillery ; 
 Battles ; Bayonet ; Camps ; Cavalry ; 
 Chariots ; Conscription ; Explosives ; 
 Fencing ; Firearms ; Flags ; Fortifica- 
 tion ; Gunnery ; Hospitals ; Infantry ; 
 Martial law ; Military architecture : Mili- 
 tary biography; Military education; 
 Military engineering ; Military history ; 
 Military hygiene ; Military law ; Military 
 surgery ; Militia ; Mutiny ; Naval art and 
 science ; Ordnance ; Peace ; Projectiles ; 
 Sieges ; Signals ; Soldiers ; Sword ; Tac- 
 tics ; Tents ; Torpedoes. 
 Refer from Army ; Artillery ; Cavalry ; 
 Drill ; Fighting ; Infantry ; Ordnance ; 
 Science ; Sieges ; Soldiers ; Strategy ; 
 Tactics ; War. 
 
 Military biography. See also Generals; 
 Soldiers. 
 Refer from Biography ; Generals ; Military 
 art and science ; Military history ; 
 Soldiers. 
 
 Military education. 
 
 Refer from Education ; Military art and 
 science ; Military schools. 
 
 Military engineering. See also Bridges ; En- 
 gineering ; Fortification ; Military archi- 
 tecture. 
 Refer from Engineering ; Military art and 
 science. 
 
 Military history. See also Battles ; Military 
 biography ; Naval history ; Sieges ; also 
 names of countries, wars, battles, places 
 besieged, generals, etc. 
 Refer from History ; Military art and 
 science. 
 
 Military hygiene. See also Military surgery ; 
 Naval hygiene. 
 Refer from Hygiene ; Medicine ; Military 
 art and science. 
 
 Military law. See also Courts martial ; Martial 
 law. 
 Refer from Courts martial ; Law ; Martial 
 . law ; Military art and science. 
 
 Military schools. See Military education. 
 
 Military surgery. See also Ambulances ; 
 Amputation ; Naval surgery ; Wounds. 
 Refer from Military art and science ; 
 Military hygiene ; Naval surgery ; Sur- 
 gery. 
 
 "9 
 
Mil-Min] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Militia. i>ee also names of states and 
 countries. 
 Refer from Military art and science. 
 
 Milk. See also Butter ; Cheese ; Cow ; Dairy. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Beverages ; Cat- 
 tle ; Cow ; Dairy ; Food. 
 
 Millennium. See also Future life; Jesus 
 Christ ; Second advent. 
 Refer from Future life ; Jesus Christ ; 
 Second advent ; Theology. 
 
 Millerites. See Second adventists. 
 
 Millinery. See also Costume ; Hats ; Head- 
 gear. 
 Refer from Costume ; Hats ; Head-gear. 
 
 Mills. See also Factories ; Machinery ; Manu- 
 factures. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Factories ; Ma- 
 chinery ; Manufactures. 
 
 Mind. .5V£ Intellect; Psychology. 
 
 Mind and body. See also Animal magnetism ; 
 Brain ; Dreams ; Hypnotism ; Idiocy ; 
 Insanity ; Nervous system ; Psychology ; 
 Subconsciousness. 
 Refer from Body and mind ; Brain ; Faith- 
 cure ; Hygiene ; Insanity ; Medicine ; 
 Mental physiology ; Mind-cure ; Nervous 
 system ; Philosophy ; Physiology ; Psy- 
 chology. 
 
 Mind-cure. See Animal magnetism ; Chris- 
 tian science; Faith-cure; Mind and 
 body. 
 
 Mind-reading. See also Animal magnetism ; 
 Clairvoyance ; Hypnotism. 
 Refer from. Animal magnetism ; Clairvoy- 
 ance ; Psychology ; Spiritualism ; Telep- 
 athy ; Thought-transference. 
 
 Mineralogy. See also Assaying; Blowpipe; 
 Coal ; Crystallography ; Diamonds ; 
 Gems ; Geology ; Metals ; Mines and 
 mining ; Precious stones ; Rocks ; Stone. 
 Refer from Blowpipe ; Chemistry ; Crys- 
 tallography ; Diamonds ; Geology ; 
 Metals ; Mines and mining ; Natural 
 history ; Ores ; Rocks ; Science. 
 
 Mines and mining. See also Blasting ; Coal ; 
 Engineering ; Explosives ; Gold ; Iron ; 
 Lead ; Mercury ; Metals ; Mineralogy ; 
 Silver; Tunnels; Ventilation. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Coal ; Earth ; 
 Engineering ; Geology ; Gold ; Hydraulic 
 engineering ; Iron ; Machinery ; Metals ; 
 Mineralogy; Mining; Ores; Quarrying; 
 Silver. 
 
Min-Mod] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Miniature painting. 
 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Painting ; Portrait 
 painting. 
 Mining. See Mines and mining. 
 Ministers (of tlie gospel). See also Christian 
 biography; Clergy; Curates; Mission- 
 aries ; Ordination ; Preachers ; Preach- 
 ing; Priests. 
 Refer from Biography ; Christian biog- 
 raphy ; Church polity ; -Clergy ; Parsons ; 
 Pastors ; Preachers ; Priests ; Rectors. 
 Ministers (of state) . See also Ambassadors ; 
 Chancellors ; Diplomacy ; International 
 law ; Prime ministers ; Treaties. 
 Refer from Biography. 
 Minnesingers. 
 Refer from Bards ; Lyric poetry ; Min- 
 strels ; Poetry ; Poets. 
 Minorities. 
 Refer from Election (in politics) ; Political 
 science ; Representation. 
 Minstrels. See also Bards ; Minnesingers ; 
 Troubadours ; Trouvferes. 
 Refer from Bards ; Poets. 
 Mint. See U. S., Mint; also names of other 
 
 countries. 
 Miracle-plays. See also Drama. 
 Refer from Drama ; Morality-plays ; Mys- 
 teries (dramatic) ; Passion-play ; Theatre. 
 Miracles. See also Jesus Christ ; Mary, 
 virgin ; Relics ; Saints ; Spiritualism. 
 Refer from Bible ; Catholic church ; Chris- 
 tianity ; Church history ; Jesus Christ ; 
 Relics ; Religion ; Supernatural ; The- 
 ology. 
 Mirrors. 
 
 Refer from Furniture ; Looking-glasses. 
 Missals. 
 
 Refer front Catholic church ; Liturgies. 
 Missionaries. 
 Refer from Biography; Christian biog- 
 raphy ; Evangelists ; Heroes ; Ministers 
 (of the gospel) . 
 Missions. See also Conversion ; Revivals ; 
 Tract societies. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Christianity ; 
 Church history ; Conversion ; Foreign 
 missions ; Home missions ; Religion ; 
 Theology. 
 Mistakes. See Blunders. 
 Mnemonics. See Memory. 
 Mobs. See Lynch law ; Riots. 
 Modern art, geography, history, etc. See 
 
Mod-Mon] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Art, Geography, History, etc., under 
 which subdivisions maybe made if neces- 
 sary. 
 
 Mohammedanism. See also Dervishes; 
 Koran. 
 Refer from Islam ; Koran ; Mahommedan- 
 ism ; Polygamy ; Religions. 
 
 Molding. See Casting. 
 
 Molecules. See also Atoms; Chemistry; 
 Physics. 
 Refer from Atoms ; Chemistry ; Matter ; 
 Physics. 
 
 Mollusks. See also Oys,\.e.r \ Pearls. 
 
 Refer from Conchology ; Invertebrates ; 
 Malacology ; Marine zoology ; Shells ; 
 Zoology. 
 
 Monarchy. See also Coronations ; Democ- 
 racy ; Despotism ; Emperors ; Kings ; 
 Queens ; Tyranny. 
 Refer from Democracy ; Executive power ; 
 Kings ; Magistrates ; Political science ; 
 Princes ; Queens ; Royalty ; Rulers ; 
 Sovereigns. 
 
 Monasteries. See also Abbeys; Convents; 
 Monasticism ; Nunneries. 
 Refer from Catholic church; Convents; 
 Monasticism. 
 
 Monasticism. See also Asceticism; Bene- 
 dictines ; Brotherhoods ; Buddhism ; 
 Capuchins ; Carthusians ; Celibacy ; Cis- 
 tercians ; Convents ; Dominicans ; Fran- 
 ciscans ; Jesuits ; Monasteries ; Nun- 
 neries ; Nuns ; Sisterhoods. 
 Refer from Abbeys ; Asceticism ; Brother- 
 hoods ; Catholic church ; Christian biog- 
 raphy ; Christian life ; Church history ; 
 Church polity ; Convents ; Friars ; Middle 
 ages ; Monasteries ; Monks ; Nunneries ; 
 Orders, monastic ; Religion ; Religious 
 orders ; Sisterhoods. 
 
 Money. See also Bank notes ; Banks and 
 banking ; Bimetallism ; Business ; Capi- 
 tal ; Coins and medals ; Commerce ; 
 Counterfeits ; Credit ; Decimal system ; 
 Exchange ; Finance ; Free coinage ; 
 Gold; Greenbacks; Interest; Invest- 
 ments ; Legal tender ; Paper money ; 
 Prices ; Silver ; Stock exchange ; Wealth. 
 Refer from Banks and banking ; Bills of 
 credit ; Bills of exchange ; Bimetallism ; 
 Bullion ; Business ; Capital ; Coinage ; 
 Coins and medals ; Commerce ; Counter- 
 feits ; Credit ; Currency ; Economics ; 
 
Mon-Mor] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Exchange ; Finance ; Free coinage ; 
 Gold ; Legal tender ; Paper money ; Pre- 
 cious metals ; Silver ; Specie ; Stock ex- 
 change ; Value ; Wealth. 
 Monkeys. See also Apes ; Gorilla. 
 
 Refer from Apes ; Mammals ; Zoology. 
 Monks. ^J^* Hermits ; Monasticism. 
 Monograms. See also Alphabets. 
 Refer from Alphabets ; Decoration and 
 ornament. 
 Monopolies. See also Capital ; Competition ; 
 Grangers ; Trusts. 
 Refer from Capital ; Commerce ; Compe- 
 tition ; Economics ; Trusts. 
 Monotheism. 
 
 Refer from God ; Theology. 
 Monroe doctrine. 
 
 Refer from International law. 
 Monsters. See also Dwarfs ; Giants. 
 Refer from Deformities ; Man ; Monstros- 
 ities ; Physiology ; Zoology. 
 Monstrosities. See Monsters. 
 Months. See also Seasons ; Year ; also names 
 of months. 
 Refer from Year. 
 Monuments. See also Archaeology; Arches 
 of triumph ; Brasses ; Inscriptions ; 
 Obelisks ; Pyramids ; Sculpture ; Tombs ; 
 Tombstones. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Burial ; Sculpt- 
 ure. 
 Moon. See also Eclipses ; Tides. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Eclipses ; Planets. 
 Moot courts. 
 
 Refer from Courts ; Law. 
 Moraines. See also Boulders ; Glaciers. 
 liefer from Boulders ; Geology ; Glaciers ; 
 Physical geography. 
 Moral education . See also Religious educa- 
 tion. 
 Refer from Education ; Ethics ; Religious 
 education. 
 Moral philosophy. See Ethics. 
 Morality-plays. See Miracle-plays. 
 Moravians. 
 
 Refer from S&c^s ; United brethren. 
 Mormonism. 
 Refer from Latter-day saints ; Polygamy ; 
 Religions ; Sects. 
 Morphia. See also Opium. 
 Refer from Opium ; Stimulants and nar- 
 cotics. 
 
 123 
 
Mcr-Mou] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Morphology. See also Anatomy ; Embry- 
 ology ; Histology. 
 Refer from Physiology. 
 Mortality. 
 
 Refer from Death rate ; Vital statistics. 
 Mortar. See Cement. 
 Mortgages. 
 
 Refer from Contracts ; Investments ; Law ; 
 Negotiable instruments ; Property ; Real 
 property ; Securities. 
 Mosaics. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Floors ; Pavements ; Wall 
 decoration. 
 Mosses. See also Algas ; Lichens. 
 Refer from Botany ; Bryology ; Crypto- 
 gams. 
 Mothers. See also Children. 
 Refer from Children ; Family ; Love ; 
 Maternity; Parents; Wives; Woman. 
 Moths. See also Caterpillars ; Lepidoptera. 
 
 Refer from Insects ; Lepidoptera. 
 Motion. See also Force ; Locomotion ; Me- 
 chanics ; Motors ; Perpetual motion. 
 Refer fr07n Dynamics ; Kinematics ; Ki- 
 netics ; Mechanics ; Physics. 
 Motors. i"(;^ flA-o Compressed air; Dynamos; 
 Electric motors ; Engines ; Locomo- 
 tives ; Machinery ; Steam-engine ; Water- 
 wheels ; Windmills. 
 Refer from Machinery; Mechanics; Mo- 
 tion ; Physics ; Power. 
 Mottoes. See also Devices. 
 
 Refer from Devices ; Literature. 
 Mould. See also Fungi. 
 
 Refer from Fungi. 
 Moulding. See Casting. 
 Mound-builders. See also Indians; U. .S., 
 Antiquities. 
 Refer from Archaeology; Ethnology; In- 
 dians of North America. 
 Mounds. See also Shell mounds. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Barrows ; Burial ; 
 Tombs; Tumuli. 
 Mountaineering. See also Alpine clubs. 
 Refer from Alpine clubs ; Mountains ; 
 Sports. 
 Mountains. See also Alpine clubs ; Alpine 
 plants ; Alpine zoology ; Avalanches ; 
 Geology ; Mountaineering ; Physical 
 geography ; Volcanoes ; also names of 
 mountains. 
 Refer from Geology; Physical geograph)'. 
 
 124 
 
Mr;u-Mus] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINCxS 
 
 Mouth. See also Lockjaw ; Teeth. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Face ; Head. 
 Mummies. See also Embahning. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Burial ; Em- 
 balming. 
 Municipal corporations. See also Municipal 
 government; Towns. 
 Refer from Corporations ; Law ; Municipal 
 government ; Municipal law. 
 Municipal government. See also Cities ; 
 Local government ; Municipal corpora- 
 tions. 
 Refer from Cities ; Local government ; 
 Municipal corporations ; Political science ; 
 Towns. 
 Municipal law. See Law ; Municipal cor- 
 porations. 
 Mural decoration. See Wall decoration. 
 Murder. See also Assassination; Infanti- 
 cide ; Poisons ; Suicide ; Treason ; Trials. 
 Refer from Assassination ; Criminal law ; 
 Death ; Homicide ; Law. 
 Museums. See also Art galleries ; Botanical 
 museums ; Exhibitions ; also names of 
 museums. 
 Refer from Exhibitions. 
 Mushrooms. See also Fungi. 
 
 Refer frojn Food ; Fungi ; Toadstools. 
 Music. See also Anthems ; Cantatas ; Car- 
 ols ; Chanting ; Chants ; Church music ; 
 Composition ; Concerts ; Counterpoint ; 
 Duets ; Glees ; Harmony ; Hymns ; In- 
 strumental music ; Instrumentation ; 
 Masses ; Musical education ; Musical 
 instruments ; Musicians ; National songs ; 
 Opera ; Oratorio ; School music ; Sing- 
 ing ; Songs ; Sound ; Symphonies ; 
 Voice. 
 Refer from Amusements ; Arts, fine ; Com- 
 position, musical ; Criticism ; Esthetics ; 
 Harmony ; Instrumental music ; Singing ; 
 Sound ; Vocal music ; Voice . 
 Musical education. See also Voice. 
 
 Refer fro7n'E-dci3LQsX\oxy\ Music. 
 Musical instruments. See also Instrumental 
 music ; Instrumentation ; Orchestral 
 music ; Organ ; Pianoforte ; Tuning ; 
 Violin. 
 Refer from Instrumental music ; Instru- 
 ments ; Music. 
 Musiiians. .5"^^ a/jo Pianists ; Singers. 
 Refer from Artists ; Authors ; Biography ; 
 Composers ; Music. 
 
 I2S 
 
Mut-NatJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Mutiny. 
 Refer frotn Criminal law ; Law ; Maritime 
 law ; Military art and science. 
 
 Mutual benefit societies. See Friendly 
 societies. 
 
 Mycology. See Fungi. 
 
 Mysteries (dramatic), i'^;; Miracle-plays. 
 
 Mysteries (religious) . See also Mythology. 
 Refer from yi'j'CtvcAogy \ Religion. 
 
 Mysticism. See also Rosicrucians. 
 Refer from Philosophy ; Religion ; The- 
 ology. 
 
 Mythology. See also Animals, legends and 
 stories of; Animals, worship of; Ar- 
 chaeology ; Argonauts ; Aryans ; Classical 
 dictionaries ; Fairy tales ; Fauns ; Folk- 
 lore ; Indians ; Legends ; Mysteries ; Re- 
 ligions ; Sagas ; Superstition ; Totems. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Classical an- 
 tiquities ; Ethnology ; Folk-lore ; God ; 
 Heroes ; Legends ; Mysteries (religious) ; 
 Religion ; Religions ; Superstition. 
 
 Names (geographical). 
 
 Refer from Etymology ; Geographical 
 names ; Geography ; Language. 
 
 Names (personal) . See also Nicknames ; 
 Pseudonyms. 
 Refer from Etymology; Language; Proper 
 names ; Surnames. 
 
 Narcotics. See Stimulants and narcotics. 
 
 Nasal passages. See Nose. 
 
 National banks. See Banks. 
 
 National songs. See also Folk-songs. 
 Refer from Ya\k.-&o-a^^%\ Music; Songs. 
 
 Nationalism. See Socialism. 
 
 Nations, law of. See International law. 
 
 Natural history. See also Aquarium ; Biol- 
 ogy ; Botany ; Chemistry ; Classification ; 
 Evolution ; Geology ; Hunting ; Man ; 
 Microscope ; Mineralogy ; Naturalists ; 
 Nature ; Nature study ; Ocean ; Paleon- 
 tology ; Physical geography; Physics; 
 Science ; Taxidermy ; Zoology. 
 Refer from Biology; Botany; History, 
 natural ; Natural science ; Nature ; Out- 
 door life ; Science ; Zoology. 
 
 Natural philosophy. See Physics. 
 
 Natural religion. See also Atheism; Chris- 
 tianity ; Creation ; Deism ; Ethics ; Fut- 
 ure life; God; Religion; Religion and 
 science ; Theology. 
 Refer from Atheism ; God ; Natural the- 
 
 126 
 
Nar-Wavl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 ology ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Religion 
 and science ; Theology. 
 Natural science. See Natural history; 
 
 Physics ; Science. 
 Natural selection. See Evolution. 
 Natural theology. See Natural religion. 
 Naturalists. See also Scientists. 
 Refer from Authors ; Biography ; Natural 
 history ; Scientists. 
 Naturalization. See also Citizenship. 
 
 Refer from Aliens ; Allegiance ; Citizen- 
 ship ; Immigration ; International law ; 
 Suffrage. 
 Nature. See also Earth ; Natural history ; 
 Science. 
 Refer from Natural history ; Philosophy ; 
 Physical geography ; Science. 
 Nature study. See also Object-teaching. 
 Refer frotn Education ; Kindergarten ; 
 Natural history; Object-teaching; Sci- 
 ence ; Teaching. 
 Nautical almanacs. 
 
 Refer from Almanacs ; Astronbmy ; 
 Ephemerides ; Navigation. 
 Nautical astronomy. See also Latitude ; 
 Longitude; Navigation. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Navigation. 
 Nautical surveying. See also Navigation ; 
 Surveying. 
 Refer from Hydrography ; Marine sur- 
 veying ; Maritime surveying ; Naviga- 
 tion ; Surveying. 
 Naval architecture. See Ship-building. 
 Naval art and science. See also Armored 
 vessels ; Blockade ; Naval artillery ; 
 Naval biography ; Naval history ; Naval 
 hygiene ; Naval tactics ; Navigation ; 
 Privateering ; Ship-building ; Submarine 
 warfare; Torpedoes. 
 Refer from Fighting; Military art and 
 science ; Naval warfare ; Navy ; Science ; 
 Sea power ; Ships ; Strategy ; War. 
 Naval artillery. 
 Refer from Artillery ; Naval art and 
 science ; Ordnance. 
 Naval battles. See Naval history. 
 Naval biography. See also Admirals ; Sailors. 
 Refer from Admirals ; Biography ; Naval 
 art and science ; Naval history ; Sailors. 
 Naval history. See also Battles ; Buc- 
 caneers ; Naval biography ; Navigation ; 
 Pirates ; Privateering. 
 Refer from History ; Military history ; 
 
 127 
 
Nav-Neg] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Naval art and science ; Naval battles ; 
 Navigation ; Sea power. 
 
 Naval hygiene. See also Quarantine ; Sea- 
 sickness. 
 Refer from Hygiene ; Medicine ; Military 
 hygiene ; Naval art and science. 
 
 Naval surgery. See also Amputation ; 
 Military surgery ; Wounds. 
 Refrr from Military surgery ; Surgery. 
 
 Naval tactics. 
 
 Refrr fr-om Naval art and science ; Tactics. 
 
 Naval warfare. See Naval art and science. 
 
 Navigation. See also Aerial navigation ; 
 Beacons ; Boating ; Canals ; Canoeing ; 
 Coast pilots ; Collisions ; Commerce ; 
 Compass ; Harbors ; Inland navigation ; 
 Knots; Latitude; Life-boats; Liglit- 
 houses ; Longitude; Nautical almanacs; 
 Nautical astronomy; Nautical surveying; 
 Naval history ; Ocean ; Pirates ; Row- 
 ing ; Sailing ; Sailors ; Ship-building ; 
 Ships ; Shipwrecks ; Signals ; Steam 
 navigation ; Voyages and travels ; 
 Yachting. 
 Refrr from Arts, useful ; Astronomy ; 
 Boating ; Carriers ; Commerce ; Loco- 
 motion ; Mathematics ; Nautical astron- 
 omy ; Nautical surveying ; Naval art 
 and science ; Naval history ; Ocean ; 
 Sailing ; Seaman.ship ; Ships ; Steam 
 navigation; Trigonometry; Vessels; 
 Yachting. 
 
 Navy. See Naval art and science ; also 
 names of countries, subhead Navy. 
 
 Nebulas. 
 
 Refrr from Astronomy. 
 
 Necessity. See also Liberty of the will ; 
 Predestination. 
 Refrr from Liberty of the will ; Phi- 
 losophy. 
 
 Necromancy. See Conjuring ; Witchcraft. 
 
 Needlework. See also Dressmaking ; Em- 
 broidery ; Fancy work ; Lace ; Sewing 
 schools ; Tapestry. 
 Refrr from Arts, fine ; Domestic economy ; 
 Dressmaking ; Embroidery ; Fancy work ; 
 Lace; Manufactures; Sewing; Woman. 
 
 Negligence. 
 Refrr from Law. 
 
 Negotiable instruments. See also Bonds; 
 Commercial law ; Exchange ; Interest ; 
 Investments ; Mortgages ; Stocks. 
 Refrr from Commercial law ; Law. 
 
 12S 
 
Neg-Nob] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Negroes. See also African colonization; 
 Color of man ; Freedmen ; Slave-trade ; 
 Slavery. 
 Refer from Colored people ; Ethnology ; 
 Freedmen ; Slavery. 
 Nerves. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Nervous system. 
 Nervous .system (including diseases). See 
 also Brain ; Headache ; Hysteria ; In- 
 sanity ; Mind and body ; Nerves ; Neu- 
 ralgia ; Spine ; Temperament. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Brain ; Insanity ; 
 Medicine, practice of ; Mind and body; 
 Neurology ; Physiology ; Spine ; Tem- 
 perament. 
 Nestorians. 
 
 Refer fro7n Eastern churches ; Sects. 
 Nests. See also ^^vcds\ Eggs. 
 Refer from Birds ; Zoology. 
 Neuralgia. 
 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Nervous 
 system. 
 Neurology. 6V« Nervous system . 
 Neutrality. See also Blockade; Inter- 
 national law. 
 Refer from Blockade; International law; 
 Law. 
 New church. See New Jerusalem, church 
 
 of the. 
 New Jerusalem, church of the. 
 
 Refer from New church ; Sects ; Sweden- 
 borgianism . 
 New-year. 
 
 Refer fro-ii HoHdays. 
 Newspapers. See also Journalism ; Liberty 
 of the press ; Periodicals. 
 Refer from Journalism ; Literature : 
 Periodicals ; Press. 
 Nicene creed. 
 
 Refer from Church of England ; Creeds. 
 Nicknames. See also Pseudonyms. 
 
 Refer from Names (personal) ; Pseudo- 
 nyms ; Sobriquets ; Soubriquets. 
 Night. See also Dew ; Dreams ; Nightmare ; 
 Sleep ; Somnambulism. 
 Refer from Days . 
 Nightmare. See also Dreams. 
 
 Refer from Dreams ; Incubus ; Night ; 
 Sleep. 
 Nihilism. See also Anarchy ; Russia. 
 
 Refer from Anarchy ; Philosophy ; Politi- 
 cal science ; Secret societies. 
 Nobility. See Heraldry ; Peerage. 
 
 129 
 
Nai-Nun] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Noise. See also Sound. 
 
 Refer from Sound . 
 Noms de plume. See Pseudonyms. 
 Nonconformists. See also Church of Eng- 
 land ; Dissenters ; Nonjurors; Puritans. 
 Refer from Christian biography ; Church 
 of England ; Dissenters ; Puritans. 
 Nonjurors. 
 
 Refer from Church of England ; Dissenters ; 
 Nonconformists ; Puritans. 
 Nonresistance. See Peace. 
 Normal schools. 
 
 Refer from Education ; Schools ; Teachers. 
 North American Indians. See Indians of 
 
 North America. 
 North pole. See also Arctic regions. 
 
 Refer from Arctic regions ; Earth ; Polar 
 regions. 
 Northeast boundary of the U. S. 
 
 Refer from Boundaries. 
 Northeast passage. See also Arctic regions. 
 
 Refer from Arctic regions. 
 Northern lights. See Aurora. 
 Northmen. See also America, Discovery; 
 Scandinavia. 
 Refer from Vikings. 
 Northwest boundary of the U. S. 
 
 Refer from Boundaries. 
 Northwest passage. See also Arctic regions. 
 
 Refer from Arctic regions. 
 Nose. See also Catarrh ; Smell. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Breathing ; Face ; 
 Head ; Nasal passages ; Smell. 
 Novelists. 
 
 Refer from Authors ; Fiction. 
 Novels. See Fiction. 
 Nuisance (law). 
 
 Refer from Law. 
 Nullification. See also State rights. 
 
 Refer from Political science ; State rights. 
 Numbers [theory of] . ' See also Arithmetic ; 
 Numerals. 
 Refer from Algebra ; Arithmetic ; Mathe- 
 matics ; Numerals. 
 Numerals [the signs and words] . See also 
 Numbers. 
 Refer from Arithmetic ; Mathematics ; 
 Numbers. 
 Numismatics. See Coins and medals. 
 Nunneries. See also Abbeys; Convents; 
 Monasticism ; Nuns. 
 Refer from Catholic church : Cliurch 
 history ; Convents ; Monasteries ; Monas- 
 ticism ; Nuns ; Sisterhoods. 
 
 130 
 
Nun-Ome] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Nuns. See also Nunneries. 
 
 Refer from Monasticism ; Nunneries ; 
 Sisterhoods ; Woman. 
 - Nurses and nursing . See also Accidents ; 
 Diet ; Hospitals. 
 Refer froi i Hospitals ; Hygiene ; Invalids ; 
 Medicine ; Medicine, practice of; Thera- 
 peutics ; Woman. 
 Oaths. See also Swearing. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Political science ; 
 Swearing. 
 Obelisks. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Monuments. 
 Obesity. See Corpulence. 
 Object-teaching. See also Kindergarten ; 
 Nature study. 
 Refer from Education ; Kindergarten ; 
 Nature study ; Teaching. 
 Occult sciences. See also Alchemy; Astrol- 
 ogy ; Divination ; Second sight ; Spirit- 
 ualism ; Theosophy ; Witchcraft. 
 Refer from Magic ; Superstition ; Witch- 
 craft. 
 Ocean. See also Algse ; Commerce ; Dredg- 
 ing ; Marine zoology ; Naval ; Naviga- 
 tion ; Phosphorescence ; Physical geog- 
 raphy ; Seashore ; Seasickness ; Ships ; 
 Shipwrecks ; Tides ; Voyages and 
 travels; Water; Waves. 
 Refer from Currents ; Dredging ; Marine 
 zoology ; Meteorology ; Natural history ; 
 Navigation ; Physical geography ; Sea ; 
 Seashore ; Tides ; Water. 
 Odd-fellows. 
 
 Refer fro7n Friendly societies ; Independ- 
 ent order of odd-fellows ; Secret societies. 
 Odes. 6V« fl/jo Lyric poetry. 
 
 Refer from Lyric poetry ; Poetry. 
 Odontology. See Teeth. 
 Odors. See a/ro Perfumery ; Smell. 
 
 Refer from Flowers ; Perfumes. 
 Office, tenure of. See Civil service. 
 Oil. See also Lamps ; Petroleum. 
 
 Refer from Fat ; Lighting. 
 Oil-painting. See also Painting. 
 
 Refer from Painting. 
 Old age. See also Age ; Longevity ; Pen- 
 sions. 
 Refer from Age ; Longevity, 
 Omens. See also Astrology; Divination; 
 Oracles. 
 Refer from Divination ; Presages ; Signs ; 
 Superstition ; Warnings. 
 
 131 
 
Ont-Ord] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Ontology. See Being ; Philosophy. 
 Oology. See Birds; Eggs. 
 Opera. See also Amateur operas. 
 
 Ri-fe?- from Amusements ; Drama ; Music ; 
 Theatre. • 
 
 Ophthalmia. See Eye. '\ V 
 
 Opium. See also Morphfa?* '^ ■. ^ . > • " 
 Refer from Morphia ; Stimulants and 
 narcotics ; Temperance. 
 Optical instruments. See also Astronomi- 
 cal instruments ; Kaleidoscope ; Magic 
 lantern ; Microscope ; Polariscope ; Spec- 
 tacles ; Spectrum ; Stereoscope ; Tele- 
 scope. 
 Refer from Instruments; Light; Optics; 
 Philosophical instruments. 
 Optics. See Light ; Optical instruments. 
 Oracles. 
 
 Refer from Omens ; Prophecies ; Religion ; 
 Superstition. 
 Orations. See also Oratory. 
 
 Refer from Addresses ; Elocution ; Liter- 
 ature ; Oratory ; Readers and speakers ; 
 Speeches. 
 Oratorio. See also Cantatas. 
 
 Refer from Church music ; Music. 
 Orators. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Elocution ; Speak- 
 ers. 
 Oratory. See also Debating ; Elocution ; 
 Eloquence ; Gesture ; Lecturing ; Ora- 
 tions ; Preaching ; Rhetoric ; Voice. 
 Refer from Debating ; Elocution ; Elo- 
 quence ; Orations ; Rhetoric ; Speaking ; 
 Speeches ; Voice. 
 Orchards. See Fruit. 
 
 Orchestral music. See also Instrumental 
 music. 
 Refer from Instrumental music ; Musical 
 instruments. 
 Orchids. 
 
 Refer from Botany ; Floriculture ; Flowers. 
 Orders (architectural) . 
 
 Refer from Architecture. 
 Orders, monastic. See Monasticism. 
 Orders of knighthood. See Chivalry. 
 Ordination. 
 
 Refer from Bishops ; Church polity ; 
 Clergy ; Episcopacy ; Ministers (of the 
 gospel) ; Priests ; Rites and ceremonies ; 
 Sacraments. 
 Ordnance. See also Ammunition ; Arsenals; 
 Artillery ; Firearms ; Gunnery ; Gun- 
 
 ■32 
 
Ord-Pai] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 powder ; Military art and science ; Naval 
 artillery; Projectiles. 
 Refer from Arras and armor ; Artillery ; 
 Cannon ; Firearms ; Gun ; Gunnery ; 
 Military art and science ; Projectiles. 
 Ores. See Metals ; Mineralogy ; Mines and 
 
 mining. 
 Organ. See also Church music. 
 
 Refer from Church music ; Musical instru- 
 ments. 
 Origin of species. See Evolution; Species. 
 Original sin. See Sin. 
 Ornament. See Decoration and ornament. 
 Ornamental alphabets. See Alphabets ; Illu- 
 mination. 
 Ornithology. See Birds. 
 Orphans. • See also Adoption ; Foundlings. 
 
 Refer from Children. 
 Orthodoxy. See also Calvinism ; Congre- 
 gationalism. 
 Refer from Calvinism ; Congregationalism ; 
 Theology. 
 Orthoepy. See Phonetics ; Pronunciation. 
 Orthographic projection. See Projection. 
 Orthography. See Spelling. 
 Orthopedics. See Deformities. 
 Osteology. See Bones. 
 
 Qutdoor life. See also Camping ; Country 
 life ; Fishing ; Hunting ; Natural history ; 
 Sports. 
 Refer from Country life ; Rural life. 
 Ox. See also Cattle. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Domestic 
 animals. 
 Oxford movement. 
 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church of 
 England ; Puseyism ; Tractarianisra . 
 Oyster. See also Pearls. 
 
 Refer from Food ; Mollusks. 
 Pageants. See also Processions. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Festivals ; Pro- 
 cessions. 
 Pain. See also Anesthetics ; Pleasure ; 
 Suffering ; Vivisection. 
 Refer from Emotions; Pleasure ; Psychol- 
 ogy ; Suffering. 
 Paint. See also Color ; Painting. 
 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Painting ; Paint- 
 ing, mechanical ; Pigments. 
 Painted glass. See Glass-painting. 
 Painters. See also Artists. 
 
 Refer from Artists ; Biography ; Painting. 
 
 Painting. See also Anatomy for artists ; 
 
 Artists ; Arts, fine ; China painting ; 
 
 133 
 
Pai-Pap] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Color ; Decoration ; Drawing ; Esthet- 
 ics ; Figure painting ; Frescoes ; Glass- 
 painting ; Illumination ; Landscape paint- 
 ing ; Miniature painting; Oil-painting; 
 Paint ; Painters ; Painting, mechanical ; 
 Paintings ; Perspective ; Portrait paint- 
 ing ; Wall decoration ; Water-color 
 painting. 
 Refer frotn Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; 
 Color ; Composition ; Decoration and or- 
 nament ; Graphic arts ; Oil-painting ; 
 Paint ; Paintings ; Sketching ; Water- 
 color painting. 
 Painting, mechanical. See also Alphabets ; 
 Carriage painting ; Color ; Gilding ; 
 Graining; House painting; Marbling; 
 Paint ; Sign painting ; Varnishing. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Carriage paint- 
 ing ; Graining ; House painting ; Paint- 
 ing ; Sign painting ; Varnishing. 
 Paintings. See also Art galleries ; Paint- 
 ing ; Portraits. 
 Refer from Painting ; Pictures. 
 Palaces . 
 
 Refer from Architecture. 
 Paleography. See Inscriptions ; Manu- 
 scripts ; Writing. 
 Paleontology. See also Footprints ; Geol- 
 ogy- 
 Refer from Botany ; Fossils ; Geology ; 
 Man ; Natural history ; Petrifaction ; 
 Science ; Zoology. 
 Palmistry. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Cheirosophy ; 
 Chiromancy ; Divination ; Fortune-tell- 
 ing ; Hand; Superstition. 
 Palsy. See Paralysis. 
 Panics. See also Speculation. 
 
 Refer from Commerce ; Commercial crises ; 
 Crises ; Economics ; Finance ; Specula- 
 tion ; Stock exchange. 
 Pantheism. See also God. 
 
 Refer from God ; Philosophy ; Religion ; 
 Skepticism ; Theology. 
 Pantomime. See also Gesture ; Shadow 
 pantomimes. 
 Refer from Acting ; Amateur theatricals ; 
 Amusements ; Drama ; Gesture ; Sign 
 language ; Theatre. 
 Papacy. See Catholic church ; Popes. 
 Paper. See also Marbling. 
 
 Refer from Manufactures ; Printing ; 
 Stationery ; Writing. 
 
 134 
 
tap-Pas] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Paper-hanging. 
 
 Refer from House decoration ; Wall deco- 
 ration. 
 Paper money. See also Bank notes ; Banks ; 
 Finance ; Greenbacks ; Legal tender ; 
 Money. 
 Refer from Bank notes ; Bills of credit ; 
 Bills of exchange ; Counterfeits ; Green- 
 backs ; Money. 
 Parables. See also Allegories ; Bible ; 
 Fables ; Jesus Christ. 
 Refer from Allegories ; Bible ; Jesus Christ. 
 Paradise. See also Fall of man. 
 
 Refer from Bible. 
 Paralysis. See also Apoplexy. 
 
 Refer from Brain ; Medicine, practice of ; 
 Palsy. 
 Parasites. See also Bacteria ; Fungi. 
 
 Refer from Botany ; Insects ; Medicine, 
 practice of; Skin ; Worms ; Zoology. 
 Parents. See also Ancestor-worship ; Chil- 
 dren ; Domestic education ; Family ; 
 Fathers; Heredity; Mothers. 
 Refer from Children ; Ethics ; Family. 
 Parks. See also Commons ; Landscape 
 gardening. 
 Refer froin Land ; Landscape gardening. 
 Parliament. See England, Parliament ; 
 
 also names of other countries. 
 Parliamentary practice. 
 
 Refer from Debating ; Law ; Legislation ; 
 Rules of order. 
 Parody. 
 
 Refer from Literature ; Poetry ; Satire ; 
 Wit and humor. 
 Parsees. See also Avesta. 
 
 Refer frovi Avesta ; Fire-worshipers ; 
 Religions. 
 Parsons. See Ministers (of the gospel). 
 Parties. See Balls. 
 
 Parties, political. See also names of parties. 
 Refer from Political parties ; Political 
 science. 
 Partnership. See also Agents ; Corpora- 
 tions. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Commercial law ; 
 Contracts ; Law. 
 Passion-play. See Miracle-plays. 
 Passions. See also Emotions ; Gambling ; 
 Love. 
 Refer from Emotions ; Ethics ; Philoso- 
 phy ; Psychology. 
 Passover. 6V^ affo Lord's supper. •' , v 
 
 Refer from Jews ; Lord's supper. 
 
 '35 
 
J?as-x°ed] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Pastoral poetry. 
 
 Refer from Bucolic poetry ; Country life ; 
 Eclogues ; Poetry ; Rural poetry. 
 Pastors. 5>^ Clergy ; Ministers ; Preaching. 
 Pastry. See Cookery. 
 
 Patents. See also Inventions ; Trade-marks. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Discoveries (in 
 science) ; Inventions ; Law ; Machinery ; 
 Manufactures ; Trade-marks. 
 Pathology. See also Abscess ; Autopsy ; 
 Bacteria ; Blood ; Contagion ; Diagno- 
 sis ; Epidemics ; Fever ; Germ theory ; 
 Hair ; Hemorrhage ; Histology ; Hy- 
 giene ; Inflammation ; Longevity ; Ma- 
 laria ; Medicine. 
 Refer from Clinical medicine ; Disease ; 
 Hygiene ; Medicine ; Physiology ; Sur- 
 gery ; Therapeutics. 
 Patience. 
 
 Refer from Ethics. 
 Patience (game) . 
 
 Refer from Cards ; Games ; Solitaire. 
 Patriarchs. 
 
 Refer from Bible ; Biography ; Jews. 
 Patriotism. 
 
 Refer from Citizenship ; Ethics ; Political 
 science. 
 Patristics. See Fathers of the church. 
 Patrons of husbandry. See Grangers. 
 Pattern-making. 
 
 Refer frotn Casting ; Mechanical drawing ; 
 Metals. 
 Pauperism. See Poor. 
 
 Pavements. See also Concrete ; Mosaics ; 
 Roads. 
 Refer from Floors ; Roads. 
 Pawnbroking. 
 
 Refer from Banks and Banking; Com- 
 merce. 
 Peace.. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; International law ; 
 Military art and science ; Nonresistance ; 
 Sociology ; War. 
 Pearls. 
 
 Refer from Diving ; Jewelry ; MoUusks ; 
 Oyster; Precious stones. 
 Peasantry. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Country life ; 
 Labor. 
 Peat. 
 
 Refer from Fuel ; Geology ; Manures ; Phys- 
 ical geography. 
 Pedagogics. See Teaching. 
 Pedestrianism. See Walking. 
 
 136 
 
Peri-Per] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Pedigrees. See Genealogy ; Heraldry ; 
 
 Horse. 
 Peerage. See also Heraldry. 
 
 Refer from Baronage ; Baronetage ; Biog- 
 raphy ; Heraldry ; Nobility. 
 Penal institutions. See Prisons ; Reforma- 
 tories. 
 Penance. See also Absolution ; Confession ; 
 Pilgrimage ; Repentance. 
 Refer from Absolution ; Catholic church ; 
 Church polity ; Confession ; Repent- 
 ance ; Sacraments ; Theology. 
 Pendulum. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Clocks and 
 watches ; Geodesy ; Physics ; Time- 
 keepers. 
 Penitence. See Repentance. 
 Penitentiaries. See Prisons. 
 Penmanship. See also Alphabets ; Writing. 
 
 j'?«/^r /row? Handwriting ; Writing. 
 Penology. See Punishment. 
 Pensions. 
 
 Refer from Old age ; Poor ; Soldiers. 
 People. See also Democracy ; Folk-lore ; 
 Labor ; Liberty ; Poor ; Sociology. 
 Refer from Sociology. 
 Perfumery. 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Cosmetics ; Cos- 
 tume ; Manufactures ; Odors ; Perfumes ; 
 Toilet. 
 Perfumes. See Odors ; Perfumery. 
 Periodicals. [All special periodicals should 
 be entered under their subject. They 
 may also be entered here alphabetically 
 under title.] See also Advertising ; 
 Journalism ; Liberty of the press ; News- 
 papers. 
 Refer from Journalism ; Literature ; 
 Magazines ; Newspapers ; Press. 
 Perpetual motion. 
 
 Refer from Mechanics ; Motion. 
 Persecution. See also Friends ; Huguenots ; 
 Inquisition ; Jews ; Liberty of con- 
 science ; Martyrs ; Massacres ; Religious 
 liberty ; Witchcraft. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church 
 history ; Fanaticism ; Heresy ; Liberty 
 of conscience ; Martyrs ; Religious lib- 
 erty. 
 Personal liberty. See Liberty. 
 Personal property. See also Property ; 
 Sale ; Taxation. . 
 Refer from Law ; Property. 
 
 137 
 
Pe.'.Phi] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Perspective. See also Drawing ; Projection ; 
 Shadows. 
 Refer from Drawing ; Geometrical draw- 
 ing ; Geometry ; Liglit ; Painting ; Pro- 
 jection. 
 
 Pessimism. 
 
 Refer fro7n Philosophy. 
 
 Pests. 5i?£ Agricultural pests ; Fungi ; House- 
 hold pests ; Insects. 
 
 Petrifaction. See Paleontology. 
 
 Petrography. See Rocks. 
 
 Petroleum . 
 
 Refer from Fuel ; Geology ; Oil. 
 
 Petrology. See Rocks. 
 
 Pets. See Domestic animals. 
 
 Phanerogams. See also Botany, and refer- 
 ences under that heading. 
 Refer from Botany. 
 
 Phantoms. See Apparitions. 
 
 Pharmacy. See also Apothecaries ; Drugs ; 
 Homeopathy ; Materia medica ; Pre- 
 scriptions. 
 Refer from Apothecaries ; Chemistry ; 
 Drugs ; Materia medica ; Medicine ; 
 Prescriptions ; Therapeutics. 
 
 Philanthropists. 
 
 Refer from Biography; Philanthropy. 
 
 Philanthrophy. See Charities ; Charity ; Phi- 
 lanthropists ; Social settlements. 
 
 Philology. See Language. 
 
 Philosophers. 
 
 Refer from Biography. 
 
 Philosophical instruments. See also Air- 
 pump ; Astronomical instruments ; Op- 
 tical instruments. 
 Refer from Instruments. 
 
 Philosophical societies. See names of 
 societies. 
 
 Philosophy. See also Agnosticism ; Atheism ; 
 Axioms ; Being ; Belief; Biology ; Brain ; 
 Certainty ; Chance ; Christianity ; Con- 
 sciousness ; Creation ; Deism ; Emo- 
 tions ; Epicureans ; Esthetics ; Eternity ; 
 Ethics ; Evidence ; Evolution ; Fate ; 
 Force ; Future life ; Genius ; God ; Habit ; 
 History, philosophy of; Idealism ; 
 Imagination ; Infinite ; Insanity ; In- 
 tellect ; Knowledge ; Liberty ; Logic ; 
 Man ; Materialism ; Matter ; Memory ; 
 Mind and body ; Mysticism ; Natural 
 religion ; Nature ; Necessity ; Nihilism ; 
 Pantheism ; Passions ; Pessimism ; 
 Physics ;Platonists ; Positivism ; Psychol- 
 ogy ; Rationalism ; Realism ; Reason ; 
 
 138 
 
Phi-Phy] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Religion ; Religion and science ; Scho- 
 lastic philosophy ; Science ; Senses ; 
 Skepticism ; Soul ; Space ; Spiritualism ; 
 Stoics ; Supernatural ; Theism ; Theol- 
 ogy ; 1 ime ; Transcendentalism ; Trin- 
 ity ; Truth ; Universe ; Utilitarianism ; 
 Will. 
 /iefer from Ethics ; Knowledge ; Life ; 
 Mental philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Ontol- 
 ogy ; Psychology ; Reason ; Religion ; 
 Science ; Theology ; Thinking ; Thought. 
 Philosophy, moral. See Ethics. 
 Philosophy, natural. See Physics. 
 Philosophy of history. See History, phi- 
 losophy of. 
 Phonetics. See also Alphabet ; Pronuncia- 
 tion ; Spelling. 
 J?e/er from Language ; Orthoepy ; Pho- 
 nology ; Pronunciation ; Sound. 
 Phonograph. 
 
 Refer from Electricity ; Sound. 
 Phonography. See Shorthand. 
 Phonology. See Phonetics. 
 Phosphates. 
 
 Refer from Chemistry ; Fertilizers ; 
 Manures . 
 Phosphorescence- 
 
 Refer from Botany ; Light ; Ocean ; Zool- 
 ogy- 
 Photo-engraving, etc. See also Heliotypes. 
 Refer from Book illustration ; Engraving ; 
 Heliotypes ; Photography ; Process work. 
 Photography. See also Astronomical photog- 
 raphy ; Camera ; Composite photog- 
 raphy ; Daguerreotype ; Heliotypes ; 
 Photo-engraving, etc. ; Photomicrogra- 
 phy ; X rays. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; 
 Camera ; Chemistry ; Daguerreotype ; 
 ^ - Light ; Printing. 
 •Photc^nisrography., , 
 
 Refer from Microphotography ; Micro- 
 scope ; ^photography. 
 Phrase-books. See names of langW^s. 
 Phrenology. See also Physiognomy. 
 
 Refer from Brain ; Character ; Head ; 
 Man ; Physiognomy ; Physiology ; Psy- 
 chology. 
 Physical culture. See Physical education. 
 Physical education. See also Exercise ; 
 Gymnastics ; Running ; Sports ; Train- 
 ing ; Walking. 
 Refer fro7n Athletics ; Education ; Exer- 
 cise • Gymnastics | Hygiene ; Manly ex- 
 
 139 
 
Phy.Phyj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 ercise ; Physical culture ; Physical train- 
 ing ; Recreation ; Sports ; Training. 
 
 Physical geography. See also Beaches ; 
 Caves ; Climate ; Deserts ; Earth ; Earth- 
 quakes ; Erosion ; Geography ; Geology ; 
 Geysers ; Glaciers ; Ice ; Islands ; Lakes ; 
 Meteorology ; Moraines ; Mountains ; 
 Nature ; Ocean ; Peat ; Ponds ; Rivers ; 
 Seashore ; Springs ; Tides ; Tropics ; 
 Valleys ; Volcanoes ; Water ; Waterfalls ; 
 Waterspouts ; Waves. 
 Refer froin Earth ; Geography ; Geology ; 
 Meteorology ; Mountains ; Natural his- 
 tory ; Ocean ; Physics ; Physiography ; 
 Science ; Water. 
 
 Physical geology. See Geology. 
 
 Physical training. See Physical education. 
 
 Physicians. See also Surgeons. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Doctors ; Medicine. 
 
 Physics. See also Air ; Astronomy ; Atoms ; 
 Barometer ; Chemistry ; Electricity ; 
 Fluids ; Force ; Friction ; Gases ; Gravi- 
 tation ; Heat ; Hydraulic engineering 
 Light ; Liquids ; Magnetism ; Matter 
 Mechanics ; Meteorology ; Molecules 
 Motion ; Motors ; Pendulum ; Physical 
 geography ; Radiation ; Solids ; Sound ; 
 Statics ; Steam ; Thermometer ; Units ; 
 Water. 
 Refer from Atoms ; Chemistry ; Experi- 
 ments ; Gravitation ; Mathematics ; Mat- 
 ter ; Mechanics ; Molecules ; Natural 
 history ; Natural philosophy ; Natural 
 science ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, nat- 
 ural ; Science. 
 
 Physiognomy. See also Phrenology. 
 
 Refer from Character ; Expression ; Face ; 
 Head ; Man ; Phrenology ; Physiology ; 
 Psychology. 
 
 Physiography. See Geology ; Physical 
 geography. ^ 
 
 Physiology. See also Anatomy ; Animal 
 magnetism ; Biology ; Blood ; Brain ; 
 Breathing ; Color of man ; Deformities ; 
 Degeneration ; Digestion ; Embryology ; 
 Heredity ; Hygiene ; Longevity ; Man ; 
 Medicine ; Mind and body ; Monsters ; 
 Morphology ; Nervous system ; Pathol- 
 ogy ; Phrenology ; Physiognomy ; Proto- 
 plasm ; Senses ; Sex ; Sleep ; Voice ; 
 Woman, Diseases. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Biology ; Body, 
 human ; Human body ; Hygiene ; Man ; 
 Medicine ; Zoology. 
 
 140 
 
Pi.'.-Plal LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Pianists. 
 
 Refer from Musicians ; Pianoforte. 
 Pianoforte. See also Pianists. 
 
 Refer from Musical instruments. 
 Pictures. See Art galleries; Drawings; 
 Engravings ; Etchings ; Heliotypes ; 
 Paintings ; Portraits. 
 Picturesque. See also Esthetics ; Land- 
 scape. 
 Refer from Esthetics. 
 Pig. See Hog. 
 Pigeons. 
 
 Refer from Birds ; Domestic animals. 
 Pigments . See Color ; Dyeing ; Paint . 
 Pigmies. See Dwarfs. 
 
 Pilgrim fathers. See also Massachusetts; 
 Plymouth. 
 Refer from Biography ; Christian biog- 
 raphy. 
 Pilgrimage. 
 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Penance ; 
 Travel . 
 Pillory. 
 
 Refer from Punishment. 
 Piracy. See Pirates. 
 Pirates. &« a/jo Buccaneers. 
 
 Refer from Buccaneers ; Corsairs ; Crim- 
 inal law ; Naval history ; Navigation ; 
 Piracy. 
 Pisciculture. See Fish-culture. 
 Pistol. 
 
 Refer from Arms and armor ; Firearms . 
 Plague. See also Epidemics. 
 
 Refer from Contagion ; Epidemics ; 
 Medicine, practice of. 
 Planets. See also Asteroids; Astrology; 
 Astronomy ; Earth ; Moon ; Plurality of 
 worlds ; Solar system ; Transits. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Solar system ; 
 Stars. 
 Planting. See Agriculture ; Forestry ; Gar- 
 dening ; Landscape gardening. 
 -- Plants^ See Agriculture ; Botany ; Flori- 
 culture ; Flowers ; Gardening. 
 Plastering. 
 
 Refer from Architecture ; Masonry ; Wal' 
 decoration. 
 Plate. See also Goldsmithing ; Silversmith- 
 ing. 
 Refer from Goldsmithing ; Jewelry ; Metal- 
 work ; Silver ; Silversmithing. 
 t'lating. See also Electroplating ; Gilding. 
 Refer from Metal-work ; Silverplating. 
 
 141 
 
Pla-Pol] LIST Ob SUBJECT HKAlJiivUb 
 
 Platonists. 
 
 Refer from Philosophy. 
 Players. See Actors ; Actresses. 
 Playing-cards. See Cards. 
 Playright. See Copyright. 
 Plays. 5«£ Drama ; Games; Sports. 
 Pleading. See also Actions at law ; Forms ; 
 Law; Trials. 
 Refer from Actions at law ; Forms (in 
 law) ; Law ; Trials. 
 Pleasure. See also Contentment ; Happi- 
 ness ; Pain. 
 Refer from Emotions ; Ethics ; Happiness ; 
 Pain ; Psychology. 
 Plumbing . See also Sanitary engineering ; 
 Soldering. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Arts, useful ; 
 House drainage ; Lead ; Sanitary engi- 
 neering ; Water-supply. 
 Plurality of worlds. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Planets ; Theol- 
 ogy ; Universe ; Worlds, plurality of. 
 Pneumatic transmission. See Compressed 
 
 air. 
 Pneumatics. See Gases. 
 Pneumonia. See also Lungs. 
 
 Refer from Chest ; Lungs ; Medicine, 
 practice of. 
 Poaching. See also Game laws. 
 
 Refer from Game laws ; Sports. 
 Poetry. See also Ballads ; Bards ; Children's 
 poetry ; Drama ; Elegiac poetry ; Epic 
 poetry ; Epigrams ; Hymns ; Literature ; 
 Lyric poetry ; Metre ; Minnesingers ; 
 Odes ; Parody ; Pastoral poetry ; Poets ; 
 Prosody ; Quotations ; Readers and 
 speakers ; Religious poetry ; Rhyme ; 
 Satire ; Songs ; Sonnets ; Troubadours : 
 Trouv^res ; Versification ; War poetry ; 
 Wit and humor. 
 Refer fro7ti Ballads ; Literature ; Metre ; 
 Prosody ; Readers and speakers ; 
 Rhetoric ; Romances ; Versification. 
 Poets. See also Dramatists ; Minnesingers ; 
 Minstrels ; Troubadours ; Trouvferes. 
 Refer from Authors ; Biography ; Poetry. 
 Poisons. See also Medical jurisprudence. 
 Refer from Accidents ; Chemistry ; Med- 
 ical jurisprudence ; Medicine ; Murder ; 
 Therapeutics ; Toxicology. 
 Polar regions. See Antarctic ; Arctic ; North 
 
 pole. 
 Polari scope. 
 Refer from Light ; Optical instruments. 
 
 143 
 
Poi-Poo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Police. See also Constables ; Crime; Detec- 
 tives ; Prisons. 
 /ie/er from Crime ; Detectives ; Law ; Po- 
 litical science ; Prisons ; Town olificers. 
 
 Politeness. See Etiquette. 
 Political economy. See Economics. 
 
 Political parties. See Parties. 
 
 Political scienc e. See also Anarchy ; Ballot ; 
 Caucus ; Church and state ; Citizenship ; 
 Civil rights ; Civil service ; Civilization ; 
 Colonies ; Communism ; Crime ; De- 
 mocracy ; Despotism ; Diplomacy ; Eco- 
 nomics ; Election ; Executive power ; Fed- 
 eral government ; Feudalism ; Finance ; 
 Free institutions ; Immigration ; Im- 
 perial federation ; Individualism ; Law ; 
 Legislation ; Liberty ; Local government ; 
 Magistrates ; Minorities ; Monarchy ; 
 Municipal government ; Nihilism ; Nul- 
 lification ; Oaths ; Parties ; Patriotism ; 
 Police ; Prisons ; Property ; Punishment ; 
 Rebellion ; Reciprocity ; Referendum ; 
 Religious liberty ; Representation ; Re- 
 publics ; Revolutions ; Riots ; Secession ; 
 Serfdom ; Slavery ; Socialism ; Sociol- 
 ogy ; State rights ; Statesmen ; Statistics ; 
 Suffrage ; Taxation ; Town-meeting ; 
 Town officers ; Towns ; Treaties ; Tyr- 
 anny ; Utopia ; Veto ; Village communi- 
 ties ; Villages. 
 Refer from Adminstration ; Civil gov- 
 ernment ; Democracy ; Ethics ; Govern- 
 ment ; History ; Legislation ; Republics ; 
 Science ; Social science ; Sociology ; 
 State, the ; Statesmanship. 
 
 Polygamy. See also Marriage ; Moham- 
 medanism ; Mormonism. 
 Refer from Marriage . 
 
 Polytechnic schools. See Technical educa- 
 tion. 
 
 Poiytheism. See also Religions. 
 Refer from God; Religions. 
 
 Pomology. See Fruit. 
 
 Ponds. See also Lakes. 
 
 Refer from Lakes ; Physical geography ; 
 Water. 
 
 Poor. See also Almshouses ; Begging ; 
 Charities ; Friendly societies ; Labor ; 
 Pensions ; Poor laws ; Social settle- 
 ments ; Tenement-houses ; Tramps. 
 Refer from Almsgiving ; Almshouses ; 
 Begging ; Benevoience ; Lhanties ; Dan- 
 gerous classes ; Economics ; Ethics ; 
 Labor ■, Pauperism ; People ; Poverty ; 
 
 H3 
 
Poo-i-owj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Social settlements ; Sociology ; Tene- 
 ment-houses ; Vagrancy. 
 Poor laws. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Poor ; Vagrancy. 
 Poorhouses. See Almshouses. 
 Popes. See also Apostolic succession ; Cath- 
 olic church ; InfalHbility ; Vatican council. 
 Refer from Apostolic succession ; Catholic 
 church ; Christian biography ; Church 
 history ; Church polity ; Infallibility ; 
 Papacy ; Rulers ; Temporal power ; 
 Ultramontanism ; Vatican ; Vatican 
 council. 
 Population. See also Census ; Statistics. 
 Refer froin Economics ; Sociology ; Statis- 
 tics ; Vital statistics. 
 Porcelain. See Pottery. 
 Portrait painting. See also Miniature paint- 
 ing. 
 Refer from Painting. 
 Portraits. 
 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Biography ; Paint- 
 ings ; Pictures. 
 Ports. See Harbors. 
 Positivism. 
 
 Refer from Agnosticism ; Philosophy ; 
 Religion ; Religion of humanity. 
 Posology. See Prescriptions. 
 Possession (in law). 
 Refer from Law . 
 Post-mortem examinations. See Autopsy. 
 Post-ofBce. See also Postage-stamps. 
 
 Refer from Mail. 
 Postage-stamps. 
 
 Refer from Post-office ; Stamps. 
 Potential. See Electric potential. 
 Pottery. See also Bric-a-brac ; China paint- 
 ing ; Majolica ; Terra-cotta ; Tiles ; Urns ; 
 Vases . 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; Arts, 
 useful ; Bric-a-brac ; Ceramics ; China ; 
 China painting; Decoration and orna- 
 ment ; Faience ; Fayence ; Keramics ; 
 Majolica ; Manufactures ; Porcelain ; 
 Terra-cotta; Tiles; Vases. 
 Poultry. See also Eggs. 
 
 Refer frofn Agriculture ; Birds ; Chickens ; 
 Domestic animals ; Eggs ; Fowl ; Hens ; 
 Incubatioa; Live stock. 
 Povertv. S ee Poor. 
 Powder. See Gunpowder. 
 Power. See also Force ; Machinery ; Me- 
 chanics ; Motors. 
 Refer from Mechanics. 
 
 144 
 
i^cw-PreJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Powers (law^. 
 
 Refer from Law. 
 Prayer. See also Lord's prayer ; Prayer- 
 meetings ; Prayers ; Responsive worship ; 
 Ritualism ; Worsliip. 
 Refer from Christian life ; Devotion ; 
 Family prayer ; Religion ; Theology ; 
 Worship. 
 Prayer- meetings . 
 
 Refer from Prayer ; Revivals. 
 Prayers. See also Devotional exercises ; 
 Litanies ; Liturgies ; Lord's prayer ; 
 Rosary. 
 Refer from Devotional exercises ; Family 
 prayer ; Liturgies ; Prayer ; Rites and 
 ceremonies ; Worship. 
 Preachers. See also Clergy ; Ministers (of 
 the gospel) . 
 Refer from Christian biography ; Clergy ; 
 Ministers (of the gospel) ; Preaching. 
 Preaching. See also Preachers ; Sermons. 
 Refer from Church polity ; Clergy ; Elo- 
 cution ; Homiletics ; Ministers (of the 
 gospel) ; Oratory ; Pastors ; Rhetoric ; 
 Sermons ; Speaking. 
 Precious metals. See also Gold ; Money ; 
 Silver. 
 Refer from Economics ; Gold ; Metals ; 
 Silver. 
 Precious stones. See also Diamonds ; Gems ; 
 Jewelry ; Pearls. 
 Refer from Diamonds ; Gems ; Jewelry ; 
 Mineralogy ; Stone. 
 Predestination. See also Arminianism ; 
 Calvinism ; Liberty of the will ; Salva- 
 tion. 
 Refer from Calvinism ; Election (in the- 
 ology) ; Liberty of the will ; Necessity ; 
 Salvation ; Sin ; Theology. 
 Predictions. See Prophecies. 
 Preexistence. See also Soul ; Transmigration. 
 Refer from Reincarnation ; Soul ; Trans- 
 migration. 
 Prehistoric archaeology. See Archaeology. 
 Presages. See Omens. 
 
 Presbyterianism. See also Calvinism ; 
 
 Church of Scotland ; Covenanters. 
 Refer from Calvinism ; Church of Scot- 
 land ; Church polity ; Congregational- 
 ism ; Dissenters ; Puritans ; Sects. 
 Prescriptions. See also Pharmacy. 
 Refer from Pharmacy; Posology. 
 Preserving. See also Cookery. 
 Refer from Cookery ; Fruit. 
 
Pre-Pril LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Presidential government. See Democracy ; 
 Republics. 
 
 Presidents. See also Executive power; 
 U. S., President ; Veto. 
 Refer from Biography ; Executive power ; 
 Rulers. 
 
 Press. 5«« Journalism ; Liberty of the press ; 
 Newspapers ; Periodicals. 
 
 Prestidigitation. See Conjuring. 
 
 Prices. See also Economics ; Value ; Wages. 
 
 Refer from Commerce ; Cost ; Economics ; 
 
 Finance ; Manufactures ; Money ; Value. 
 
 Priesthood. See Priests. 
 
 Priests. 6V« a/jc Catholic church ; Celibacy; 
 Clergy; Curates; Ministers; Ordination. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church of 
 England ; Church polity ; Clergy ; Minis- 
 ters (of the gospel) ; Priesthood ; Protest- 
 ant episcopal church in the U. S. 
 
 Primary batteries. See Electric batteries. 
 
 Prime ministers. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Ministers (of 
 state) . 
 
 Primers. See also Readers and speakers. 
 Refer from Readers and speakers ; Spellers ; 
 Text-books. 
 
 Primogeniture. 
 
 Refer from Descent ; Inheritance ; Law. 
 
 Princes. See Monarchy. 
 
 Principal and agent. See also Contracts. 
 Refer from Commercial law ; Contracts ; 
 Law. 
 
 Printing. See also Block-books ; Calico- 
 printing; Electrotyping ; Ink; Paper; 
 Photography ; Proof-reading ; Stereo- 
 typing. 
 Refer from Alphabet ; Arts, useful ; Block- 
 books ; Books and reading ; Booksell- 
 ing ; Composition ; Incunabula ; Liter- 
 ature ; Publishing ; Stereotyping ; Type ; 
 Typography. 
 
 Prints. See Engravings. 
 
 Prisons. See also Crime ; Police ; Punish- 
 ment ; Reformatories. 
 Refer from Crime ; Criminal law ; Dun- 
 geons ; Imprisonment ; Jails ; Penal 
 institutions ; Penitentiaries ; Police ; 
 Political science ; Public institutions ; 
 Punishment ; Reform ; Reformatories ; 
 Sociology. 
 
 Private judgment. See also Liberty of 
 conscience ; Religious liberty. 
 Refer from Liberty of conscience ; The- 
 ology. 
 
 146 
 
Pri-Pro] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Private schools. 
 
 Refer from Schools. 
 Private theatricals. See Amateur theatri- 
 cals. 
 Privateering. See also Prizes. 
 
 Refer from International law ; Letters of 
 marque ; Naval art and science ; Naval 
 history ; Prizes. 
 Prizes. See also Privateering. 
 
 Refer from International law ; Maritime 
 law ; Privateering. 
 Probabilities. See also Annuities ; Insur- 
 ance ; Logic. 
 Refer from Betting ; Chance ; Errors ; 
 Gambling ; Logic ; Lotteries ; Mathemat- 
 ics. 
 Probate. See Wills. 
 Probation. See Future life ; Purgatory. 
 Procedure. See Actions at law. 
 Process work. See Photo-engraving, etc. 
 Processions. See also Pageants. 
 
 Refer from Festivals ; Pageants. 
 Profanity. See Swearing. 
 Profit-sharing. See also Communism ; Co- 
 operation ; Labor. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Cooperation ; Eco- 
 nomics ; Labor ; Wages. 
 Progress. 5V^ a/jo Civilization ; Reform. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Sociology. 
 Prohibited books. See also Liberty of the 
 press. 
 Refer fro7n Books and reading ; Censor- 
 ship of the press ; Condemned books ; 
 Liberty of the press. 
 Prohibition. See Temperance. 
 Projectiles. See also Firearms; Gunnery; 
 Ordnance. 
 Refer fro7n Ammunition ; Artillery ; Bal- 
 listics ; Firearms ; Gunnery ; Military 
 art and science ; Ordnance ; Shells. 
 Projecting. See Magic lantern. 
 Projection. See also Geometrical drawing ; 
 Perspective. 
 Refer fro77i Drawing ; Geometrical draw- 
 ing; Mechanical drawing; Orthographic 
 projection ; Perspective. 
 Pronunciation. See also Phonetics. 
 
 Refer from Elocution ; Language ; Ortho- 
 epy ; Phonetics ; Words. 
 Proof. See Evidence ; Logic. 
 Proof-reading. 
 
 Refer from Printing. 
 Proper names. See Names. 
 Property. See also Administrators and 
 
 147 
 
Pro-Pro] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 executors ; Church property ; Commun- 
 ism ; Confiscation ; Conveyancing ; 
 Copyright ; Damages ; Inheritance ; In- 
 surance ; Land ; Liens ; Mortgages ; Per- 
 sonal property ; Real property ; Rent ; 
 Sale ; Socialism ; Taxation ; Titles ; 
 Trespass ; Wealth ; Wills. 
 Refer from Chattels ; Economics ; Law ; 
 Personal property ; Political science ; 
 Real property ; Sociology. 
 
 Prophecies. See also Bible; Divination; 
 Fortune-telling ; Jesus ; Oracles ; Sec- 
 ond advent. 
 Refer from Bible ; Divination ; Predic- 
 tions ; Prophets ; Second advent ; The- 
 ology. 
 
 Prophets. See also Bible ; Prophecies. 
 Refer from '&Lti\& \ Biography; Jews. 
 
 Prose. See also Literature ; Rhetoric ; and 
 the references under these heads. 
 Refer from Literature. 
 
 Prosody. See also Accent ; Metre ; Poetry ; 
 Rhyme ; Versification. 
 Refer from Accent ; Grammar ; Language ; 
 Metre ; Poetry ; Rhyme ; Versification. 
 
 Prostitution. 
 
 Refer from Oc'vcmxizS-X-^-vi \ Law; Woman; 
 Woman, Law. 
 
 Protection. See Tariff. 
 
 Protestant churches. See Protestantism. 
 
 Protestant episcopal church in the U. S. 
 See also Apostles' creed ; Apostolic suc- 
 cession ; Bishops ; Church of England ; 
 Church polity ; Confirmation ; Episco- 
 pacy ; Fasts and feasts ; Lord's supper ; 
 Priests ; Ritualism ; Sacraments ; Sister- 
 hoods. 
 Refer from Church of England ; Episco- 
 pacy ; Episcopal church ; Sects. 
 
 Protestantism. See also Catholic church ; 
 Reformation ; Sects. 
 Refer fro7n Catholic church ; Christianity ; 
 Church history ; Protestant churches ; 
 Reformation ; Theology. 
 
 Protoplasm. See also Biology ; Cells ; Em- 
 bryology. 
 Refer from Biology ; Bioplasm ; Cells ; 
 Physiology. 
 
 Proverbs. See also Epigrams ; Maxims ; 
 Quotations. 
 Refer from Adages ; Aphorisms ; Apo- 
 thegms ; Epigrams ; Literature ; Max- 
 ims ; Quotations ; Sayings. 
 
Pru-Punl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADING? 
 
 Pruning. 
 
 Refer from Yoxes,\xy\ Fruit; Trees. 
 
 Psalmody. See Bible ; Church music ; 
 Hymns. 
 
 Pseudonyms. See also Nicknames. 
 
 Refer fro7n Authors ; Bibliography ; Ficti- 
 tious names ; Names (personal) ; Nick- 
 names ; Noms de plume ; Sobriquets ; 
 Soubriquets. 
 
 Psychology. See also Animal magnetism ; 
 Animal psychology ; Apparitions ; Be- 
 lief; Biology; Brain; Character ; Child 
 study ; Color-sense ; Consciousness ; 
 Dreams ; Education ; Emotions ; Esthet- 
 ics ; Ethics ; Future life ; Genius ; He- 
 redity ; Hypnotism ; Illusions ; Imag- 
 ination ; Insanity ; Instinct ; Intellect ; 
 Knowledge ; Liberty of the will ; Logic ; 
 Memory ; Mind and body ; Mind-read- 
 ing ; Pain ; Passions ; Philosophy ; 
 Phrenology ; Physiognomy ; Pleasure ; 
 Reason ; Senses ; Sleep ; Somnam- 
 bulism ; Soul ; Subconsciousness ; Will. 
 Refer from Brain ; Child study ; Educa- 
 tion ; Emotions ; Human faculties ; In- 
 tellect ; Man ; Mental philosophy 
 Metaphysics ; Mind ; Mind and body 
 Philosophy ; Science ; Soul ; Thinking 
 Thought ; Understanding ; Will. 
 
 Public health. See Hygiene, public. 
 
 Public institutions. See Charities ; Prisons ; 
 Public schools. 
 
 Public libraries. See Libraries. 
 
 Public schools. See also Bible in the schools ; 
 Education. 
 Refer from Common schools ; Education ; 
 Free schools ; Public institutions ; 
 Schools. 
 
 Publishers. See Booksellers. 
 
 Publishing. See Bookselling ; Copyright ; 
 Printing. 
 
 Pueblos. See also Cliff-dwellings. 
 Refer from Indians of North America. 
 
 Pugilism. See Boxing. 
 
 Paipits. 
 
 Refer from Church furniture. 
 
 Pumps. See also Air-pump. 
 Refer from Engines ; Hydraulic engineer- 
 ing; Machinery; Water-supply. 
 
 Punctuation. 
 
 Refer from Language ; Rhetoric. 
 
 Punishment. See also Capital punishment ; 
 Corporal punishment ; Crime ; Criminal 
 law; Crucifixion; Flogging; Future 
 
 149 
 
Pu.-.-Que] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADjNGS 
 
 punishment ; Galleys ; Guillotine ; Hang- 
 ing ; Pillory ; Prisons ; Torture ; Trans- 
 portation (of criminals) 
 Refer from Crime ; Criminal law ; Law ; 
 Manners and customs ; Penology ; Po- 
 litical science ; Prisons ; Sociology ; 
 Torture. 
 Purgatives. 
 
 Refer frot7i Therapeutics. 
 Purgatory. See also Indulgences; Future 
 life ; Future punishment. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Death ; Future 
 life; Future punishment; Intermediate 
 state ; Probation ; Retribution ; Theology. 
 Puritans. See also Church of England ; Con- 
 gregationalism ; Dissenters ; Friends ; 
 Nonconformists ; Nonjurors ; Presby- 
 terianism. 
 Refer from Christian biography ; Church 
 of England ; Congregationalism ; Dis- 
 senters ; Nonconformists. 
 Pus. See Suppuration. 
 Puseyism. See Oxford movement ; Pusey, 
 
 E. B. 
 Putrefaction. See also Contagion ; Disin- 
 fection. 
 Refer from Contagion. 
 Puzzles. See also Acrostics; Charades; 
 Enigmas ; Riddles. 
 Refer from Amusements ; Riddles. 
 Pygmies. See Dwarfs. 
 Pyramids. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Monuments. 
 Pyrotechnics. See Fireworks. 
 Quacks and quackery. See also Imposture. 
 
 Refer from Imposture ; Medicine. 
 Quadrupeds. See also Domestic animals ; 
 Mammals ; Zoology. 
 Refer from Mammals ; Zoology. 
 Quakers. See Friends, society of. 
 ■Qualitative analysis. See Chemistry. 
 Quantitative analysis. See Chemistry. 
 Quarantine. 
 
 Refer from Contagion ; Hygiene, public ; 
 Naval hygiene. 
 Quarrying. See also Blasting ; Mines and 
 mining. 
 Refer from Blasting ; Stone. 
 Quarternions. 
 
 Refer from Geometry ; Mathematics. 
 Queens. See also Monarchy. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Monarchy ; Rulers ; 
 Sovereigns ; Woman. 
 
 150 
 
Qui-Rea] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Quicksilver. See Mercury. 
 Quotations. See also Epigrams ; Maxims ; 
 Proverbs. 
 Refer from Aphorisms; Apotliegms ; Epi- 
 grams ; Literature ; Maxims ; Poetry ; 
 Proverbs ; Sayings. 
 Races of man. See Ethnology. 
 Racing. See Horse-racing ; Rowing, etc. 
 Radiation. See also Heat; Light ; Sound. 
 
 Refer from Heat ; Light ; Physics ; Sound. 
 Ragged schools. 
 
 Refer from Charity schools ; Education ; 
 Schools. 
 Railroads. See also Bridges; Cars; Earth- 
 work ; Electric railroads ; Engineering ; 
 Horse-railroads ; Locomotives ; Steam- 
 engine ; Street-railroads ; Subways ; Sur- 
 veying ; Tunnels. 
 Refer from Carriers ; Commerce ; Engi- 
 neering ; Locomotion ; Locomotives ; 
 Machinery ; Roads ; Steam-engine ; 
 Surveying ; Transportation. 
 Rain. See also Meteorology. 
 
 Refer from. Meteorology ; Water. 
 Rainbow. 
 
 Refer from W^t; Meteorology. 
 Rationalism. See also Free religion; Free 
 thought; Reason; Transcendentahsm. 
 Refer from Free religion ; Free thought ; 
 Materialism ; Philosophy ; Reason (in 
 religion) ; Religion ; Skepticism ; The- 
 ology. 
 Readers and speakers. See also Dialogues ; 
 Orations ; Poetry ; Primers. 
 Refer from Declamation ; Dialogues ; Elo- 
 cution ; Literature ; Poetry ; Primers ; 
 Reading ; Recitations ; Speakers ; Text- 
 books. 
 Reading. See Books and reading ; Elocution . 
 Real presence. See Lord's supper ; Tran- 
 
 substantiation. 
 Real property. See also Conveyancing; 
 Deeds ; Easements ; Land ; Landlord 
 and tenant ; Mortgages ; Property ; 
 Sale ; Taxation ; Titles. 
 Refer from Conveyancing ; Land ; Law ; 
 Property ; Titles. 
 Realism. See also Idealism. 
 
 Refer from Idealism ; Philosophy ; Scho- 
 lastic philosophy. 
 Reason. See also Animal psychology; In- 
 stinct ; Logic ; Philosophy. 
 Refer from Intellect ; Philosophy ; Psy- 
 chology; Rationalism. 
 
 151 
 
Rea-Reg] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Reason (in religion). 5^« Rationalism. 
 Rebellion. See also Revolutions; also 
 names of countries in which rebellions 
 have taken place, as U. S., History, 
 Civil War, England, Scotland, etc. 
 Refer from Political science ; Revolutions. 
 Receipts. See also CooV^ry . V - -■ • " • - ^^l>. 
 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Chemistry ; Do- 
 mestic economy ; Manufactures. 
 Receivers. 
 
 Refer from Bankruptcy ; Corporations ; 
 Law. 
 Reciprocity. 
 
 Refer from Political science; Tarifi. 
 Recitations. See Readers and speakers. 
 Recreation. See Amusements; Games; 
 Gymnastics ; Physical education ; Sports, 
 etc. 
 Rectors. See Clergy ; Ministers. 
 Redemption. See Salvation. 
 Referendum. 
 
 Refer from Democracy; Political science. 
 Reform. See also Charities; Civil service; 
 England, House of Commons; Prisons; 
 and other subjects of reform. 
 Refer frotn Progress. 
 Reform schools. See Reformatories. 
 Reformation. See also Catholic church; 
 Church history ; Huguenots ; Hussites ; 
 Protestantism ; Thirty years' war ; Wal- 
 denses ; also names of countries and 
 churches. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- 
 tory ; Church of Scotland ; History, mod- 
 ern ; Protestantism; Reformers. 
 Reformatories. &£a/jo Prisons. 
 
 Refer from Children ; Crime ; Education ; 
 Penal institutions ; Prisons ; Reform 
 schools. 
 Reformers. See also Reformation. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Christian biog- 
 raphy. 
 Regalia. See also Church vestments ; Cos- 
 tume ; Crowns. 
 Refer from Costume. 
 Regattas. &« Rowing; Sailing. 
 Regeneration. See also Baptism ; Conver- 
 sion ; Salvation. 
 Refer from Baptism ; Conversion ; Salva- 
 tion ; Theology. 
 Registers [not annual] . See also Almanacs ; 
 Year-books [for annual registers] ; also 
 names of places, religious denomina- 
 tions, etc. 
 
 153 
 
Re'.-Rell LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Reincarnation. See Preexistence ; Trans- 
 migration. 
 
 Relics. See also Miracles ; Shrines. 
 
 Refer from Church antiquities ; Miracles ; 
 -Shrines ; Superstition. 
 
 Religion. [Including comparative theology 
 and history of religion. For the Chris- 
 tian doctrines see Theology. For evi- 
 dences see Christianity.] See also 
 Allegories; Atheism; Belief; Bible; 
 Christian biography ; Christian life ; 
 Christianity ; Church history ; Church 
 poHty ; Consclcince ; Consolation ; Deism ; 
 Devotional exercises ; Ethics ; Evil ; 
 Faith ; Fanaticism ; Fasts and feasts ; 
 Free rehgion ; Future life ; God ; Hymns ; 
 Idolatry ; Jesus Christ ; Miracles ; Mis- 
 sions ; Monasticism ; Mysteries ; Mysti- 
 cism ; Mythology ; Natural religion ; 
 Oracles ; Pantheism ; Philosophy ; Posi- 
 tivism ; Prayer ; Rationalism ; Religion 
 and science ; Religions ; Religious edu- 
 cation ; Religious liberty ; Religious 
 poetry ; Revelation ; Revivals ; Ritual- 
 ism ; .Sacraments ; Sacrifice ; Saints ; 
 Sects ; Sermons ; Serpent-worship ; Sin ; 
 Skepticism ; Sunday ; Supernatural ; 
 Superstition ; Symbolism ; Theism ; The- 
 osophy ; Totems ; Worship. 
 Refer from Christianity ; Ethics ; Faith ; 
 God ; Man ; Natural religion ; Philos- 
 ophy ; Revelation ; Sociology ; Super- 
 natural ; Theology. 
 
 Religion and science. See also Creation ; 
 Evolution ; Natural religion. 
 Refer from Bible ; Creation ; Evolution ; 
 Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Religion ; 
 Science ; Science and religion ; The- 
 ology. 
 
 Religion of humanity. See Positivism. 
 
 Religions. See also Aryans ; Brahmanism'; 
 Buddhism ; Christianity ; Confucianism ; 
 Dervishes ; Essenes ; Hinduism ; Idol- 
 atry ; Indians ; Jews ; Mohammedanism ; 
 MormonTsm ; Mythology ; Parsees ; Poly- 
 theism ; Rosicrufciffli^ ;' Setts' ; Serpent- 
 worship ; Spiritualism ; Taouism ; The- 
 osophy. 
 Refer from Belief; Mythology; Polythe- 
 ism ; Religion ; Superstition. 
 
 Religious art. See Christian art ; Church 
 architecture ; Temples. 
 
 Religious biography. See Christian biog- 
 raphy. 
 
 1.53 
 
Rel-Rep"j LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Religious ceremonies. See Rites and cere- 
 monies. 
 
 Religious education. See also Bible classes ; 
 Bible in the schools ; Moral education ; 
 Sunday schools ; Theological education. 
 Refer from Christian education ; Christian 
 life ; Education ; Moral education ; Re- 
 ligion ; Sunday schools ; Theological 
 education. 
 
 Religious festivals , See Fasts and feasts ; 
 Festivals. 
 
 Religious history. See Church history. 
 
 Religious liberty. See also Church and 
 state ; Free religion ; Free thought ; 
 Liberty ; Liberty of conscience ; Perse- 
 cution. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- 
 tory ; Church polity ; Free thought ; In- 
 tolerance ; Liberty ; Liberty of con- 
 science ; Persecution ; Political science ; 
 Private judgment ; Religion ; Tolera- 
 tion. 
 
 Religious orders. See Brotherhoods ; Chiv- 
 alry ; Jesuits ; Monasticism ; Sisterhoods. 
 
 Religious poetry. See also Hymns. 
 
 Refer from Hymns ; Poetry ; Religion ; 
 Sacred poetry. 
 
 Religious services. See Liturgies ; Worship. 
 
 Remedies (in medicine). See Therapeutics. 
 
 Renaissance. See also France ; Italy ; Mid- 
 dle ages. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; History, modern ; 
 Literature ; Middle ages ; Revival of 
 letters. 
 
 Rent. See also Land; Landlord and tenant. 
 Refer from Economics ; Land ; Landlord 
 and tenant ; Law ; Property. 
 
 Repentance. See also Confession ; Conver- 
 sion ; Penance. 
 Refer from Conversion ; Ethics ; Penance ; 
 Penitence ; Sin ; Theology. 
 
 Reporting. See also Journalism ; Short- 
 hand. 
 Refer from Journalism. 
 
 Representation. See also Boroughs ; Mi- 
 norities ; Suffrage. 
 Refer from Boroughs ; Democracy ; Elec- 
 tion (in politics) ; Free institutions ; 
 Political science ; Republics ; Suffrage ; 
 Voting. 
 
 Reptiles. See also Batrachia ; Serpents. 
 Refer from Herpetology ; Serpents ; 
 Snakes ; Vertebrates ; Zoology. 
 
 Republics. See also Democracy; Federal 
 
 '54 
 
Rtp-Rid] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 government ; Political science ; Repre- 
 sentation ; also names of republics. 
 Refer from Democracy ; Federal govern- 
 ment ; Free institutions ; Political sci- 
 ence ; Presidential government. 
 Repudiation. See also Debts, public. 
 
 Refer from Debts, public ; Finance ; Loans. 
 Reservoirs. See also Water-supply. 
 
 Refer fr 0771 Water-supply. 
 Residences. See Architecture, domestic. 
 Respiration. See Breathing. 
 Responsive worship. See also Liturgies ; 
 Ritualism. 
 Refer fro//i Devotional exercises ; Litur- 
 gies ; Prayer ; Worship. 
 Rest. 
 
 Refer fro77z 'Hygiene ; Therapeutics. 
 Resurrection. See also Future life ; Jesus 
 Christ. 
 Refer from Death ; Future life ; Theology. 
 Retribution. See Future life ; Future pun- 
 ishment ; Heaven ; Hell ; Purgatory. 
 Revelation. See also Bible ; Christianity ; 
 Religion ; Theology. 
 Refer frot/t Bible ; Religion ; Theology. 
 Revenue, i'g^ Finance ; Tariff; Taxation. 
 Revival of letters. See Renaissance. 
 Revivals. See also Camp-meetings ; Con- 
 version ; Prayer-meetings. 
 Refer fro7/i Christian life ; Church his- 
 tory ; Conversion ; Missions ; Religion ; 
 Theology. 
 Revolutions. • See also Rebellion ; also 
 , names of countries. 
 Refer from History ; Political science ; 
 Rebellion. 
 Rhetoric. &,? a/j'o Allegory ; Conversation; 
 Criticism ; Drama ; Elocution ; Elo- 
 quence ; Esthetics ; Letter-writing ; Met- 
 aphor ; Oratory ; Poetry ; Preaching ; 
 Punctuation ; Satire ; Translation. 
 Refer fr 0771 Composition ; Criticism ; Elo- 
 cution ; Expression ; Language ; Letter- 
 writing ; Literature ; Metaphor ; Ora- 
 tory ; Prose ; Speaking ; Style ; Words ; 
 Writing. 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 Refer fro77t Medicine, practice of. 
 Rhyme. See also Prosody. 
 
 Refer fro77t Poetry ; Prosody ; Versification. 
 Riches. .5V^ Wealth. 
 
 Riddles. See also Charades ; Enigmas ; 
 Puzzles. 
 Refer fro77i Amusements ; Charades ; 
 
 15s 
 
Rid-kod] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Conundrums ; Enigmas ; Literature ; 
 Puzzles. 
 Riding. See Coaching ; Driving ; Horse- 
 manship. 
 Rifle. See also Firearms ; Gun ; Shooting. 
 Refer from Arms and armor; Firearm?; 
 Gun ; Shooting. 
 Right and wrong. See Ethics. 
 Rights of woman. See Woman. 
 Rings. See also Jewelry. 
 
 j^^/'^r /rw« Finger rings ; Jewelry. 
 Riots. 
 
 Refer from History ; Mobs ; Political 
 science. 
 Rites and ceremonies. See also Baptism ; 
 Burial service ; Canonization ; Church 
 antiquities ; Church dedication ; Con- 
 firmation ; Coronations ; Fasts and 
 feasts ; Funerals ; Hymns ; Liturgies ; 
 Marriage ; Mass ; Ordination ; Prayers : 
 Ritualism ; Sacraments ; Worship. 
 Refer from Ceremonies ; Christian art 
 and symbolism ; Church antiquities ; 
 Church ceremonies ; Church polity ; 
 Ecclesiastical ceremonies ; Liturgies ; 
 Manners and customs ; Religious cere- 
 monies ; Ritualism ; Worship. 
 Ritualism. See also Catholic church ; Church 
 of England ; Rites and ceremonies ; 
 Worship. 
 Refer from Church of England ; Church 
 polity ; Liturgies ; Prayer ; Protestant 
 episcopal church in the U. S. ; Religion ; 
 Responsive worship ; Rites and cere- 
 monies ; Worship. 
 Rivers. See also Embankments ; Erosion ; 
 Floods ; Hydraulic engineering ; Valleys. 
 Refer from Hydraulic engineering; Inland 
 navigation ; Physical geography ; Val- 
 leys ; Water. 
 Roads See also Pavements ; Railroads : 
 Street cleaning ; Street-railroads. 
 Refer from Engineering ; Highways ; Loco- 
 motion ; Pavements; Streets; Transpor 
 tation. 
 Robbers. See also Brigands. 
 
 Refer from Brigands ; Crime ; Thiexes , 
 Vagabonds. 
 Rocks. See also Geology ; Mineralojjy ; 
 Stone. 
 Refer from Geology; Lithology ; Mineral- 
 ogy ; Petrography ; Petrology ; Stone. 
 Rod, the. See Corporal punishment ; Flog- 
 ging- 
 
 ■S6 
 
Roe-Sac 1 LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Roentgen rays. See X ravs. 
 
 Roman Catholic church. See Catholic 
 
 church. 
 Roman law. See Civil law. 
 Romance. See Fiction ; Romances. 
 Romances. See also Fiction ; Legends ; 
 Poetry. 
 Refer from Fiction ; Legends ; Literature ; 
 Romance; Stories. 
 Romanism. See Catholic church. 
 Romanticism. 
 
 Refer from Literature. 
 Roofs. See also Arches ; Domes ; Girders ; 
 Trusses ; Vaulting. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Girders ; 
 Strength of materials ; Trusses. 
 Rope. See also Cables; Hemp; Knots; 
 Wire. 
 Refer from Cables; Hemp; Manufactures. 
 Rosary. 
 
 Refer from Beads ; Catholic church ; 
 Prayers . 
 Rosicrucians. 
 
 Refer from Mysticism ; Religions ; Secret 
 societies. 
 Rowing. See also Boating. 
 
 Refer from Boating ; Locomotion ; Navi- 
 gation ; Racing; Regattas; Sports. 
 Royalty. See Monarchy. 
 Rubber. See India-rubbsr. 
 Ruins. See Archaeology. 
 Rulers. &« Emperors ; Kings; Monarchy; 
 
 Popes ; Presidents ; Queens. 
 Rules of order. See Parliamentary practice. 
 Running. See also Walking. 
 
 Refer from Animal locomotion ; Locomo- 
 tion ; Physical education ; Sports ; Walk- 
 ing. 
 i^^xyc'H architecture. See Architecture ; Cot- 
 tages ; Landscape gardening. 
 it-'Rural economy. See Agriculture. 
 l^^ural life. See Country liie : Outdoor life. 
 Rural poetry. See Pas^^^^eLr\ 
 Russian church. See Greekchurch."" 
 ■^usSo-Turkifeh %ar. See also Russia ; .TurkeyJ" 
 Sabbath. See Sunday. 
 Sacraments. See also Baptism ; Confirma- 
 tion ; Lord's supper ; Marriage ; Ordina- 
 tion ; Penance. 
 Refer from Baptism ; Church of England ; 
 Church polity ; Lord's supper ; Protest- 
 ant episcopal church in the U. S. ; Re- 
 ligion ; Rites and ceremonies ; Theology ; 
 Worship. 
 
 IS7 
 
Sac-Sat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEAUlNlife 
 
 Sacred art. See Christian art. 
 
 Sacred history. See Bible ; Church history. 
 
 Sacred music. See Church music. 
 
 Sacred poetry. See Hymns; Religious 
 poetry. 
 
 Sacrifice. See also Atonement. 
 
 Refer fro7n Religion ; Theology ; Worship. 
 
 Saddlery. See Harness. 
 
 Sagas. See also Folk-lore ; Scandinavian 
 literature [and its subdivisions] . 
 Refer from Folk-lore ; Literature ; Myth- 
 ology. 
 
 Sailing. See also Boating ; Canoeing ; Navi- 
 gation ; Yachting. 
 Refer from Boating ; Navigation ; Re- 
 gattas ; Ships ; Sports ; Yachting. 
 
 Sailors. See also Naval biography. 
 
 Refer from Naval biography ; Navigation ; 
 Seamen ; Ships. 
 
 Sails. 
 
 Refer from Ships, 
 saints. See also Canonization ; Christian art 
 and symbolism ; Fathers of the church. 
 Refer from Bible ; Biography ; Canoniza- 
 tion ; Catholic church ; Christian art 
 and symbohsm ; Christian biography ; 
 Fathers of the church ; Heroes ; Iconog- 
 raphy; Legends; Martyrs; Miracles; 
 Religion. 
 
 Salads. See also Rookery. ^ 
 
 . Refeii from''Coa'^i^. ^' fkjiflC* 
 
 Sale. See also Auctions ; Commercial law ; 
 Conveyancing ; Titles. 
 Refer from Commercial law ; Contracts ; 
 Law ; Personal property ; Property ; Real 
 property ; Titles ; Vendors. 
 
 Salesmen, traveling. See Commercial trav- 
 elers. 
 
 Salvation. See also Conversion ; Future life ; 
 Predestination ; Regeneration ; Soul ; 
 UflWrsall^hi. 
 Refer from Future life ; Jesus Christ ; 
 Man ; Predestination ; Redemption ; Re- 
 generation ; Sin ; Theology. 
 
 Sanctuary. See Asylum, right of. 
 
 Sanitary engineering . See also Heating ; 
 Plumbing ; Sewerage ; Street cleaning ; 
 Ventilation ; Water-supply. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Engineering ; 
 Hygiene, public ; Plumbing ; Sanitary 
 science ; Sewerage. 
 
 Sanitary science . See Hj-giene ; Sanitary 
 engineermg. 
 
 Satan. See Devil. 
 
Sai.ricil LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Satire. See also Caricature; Parody; Wit 
 and liumor. 
 Refer from Caricature ; Comic literature ; 
 Lampoons ; Literature ; Poetry ; Rheto- 
 ric ; Wit and humor. 
 Savings-banks. See also Building associa- 
 tions. 
 Refer from Banks and banking. 
 Sayings. See Epigrams ; Maxims ; Proverbs ; 
 
 Quotations ; Table-talk. 
 Scalds. See Burns and scalds. 
 Scarlatina. See also Scarlet fever. 
 
 Refer from Children, Diseases; Medicine, 
 practice of; Scarlet fever. 
 Scarlet fever. See also Scarlatina, 
 
 Refer from Children, Diseases; Contagion ; 
 Fever; Medicine, practice of; Scar- 
 latina. 
 Scepticism. See Skepticism. 
 Scholastic philosophy. See also Realism. 
 
 Refer from Philosophy. 
 School-books. See Text-books. 
 School-houses. See also School hygiene. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Education ; 
 Schools. 
 t^ School hvgiene . 
 
 Refer from Education ; Hygiene, public ; 
 School-houses ; Schools-. 
 School music. 
 
 Refer from Education ; Music ; Songs. 
 Schoolmasters. See Teachers. 
 Schools. See also Academies ; Charity 
 schools ; Colleges ; Education : Grammar 
 schools ; Kindergarten ; Normal schools ; 
 Private schools ; Public schools ; Ragged 
 schools ; School-houses ; School hygiene ; 
 Sewing schools ; Sunday schools. 
 Refer frotn Education. 
 Science. See also Arts, useful ; Astronomy ; 
 Biology ; Botany ; Chemistry ; Econom- 
 ics ; Ethics ; Ethnology ; Evolution ; 
 Geography ; Geology ; History ; Instru- 
 ments ; Inventions ; Language ; Law ; 
 Logic ; Man ; Mathematics ; Medicine ; 
 Meteorology ; Microscope ; Military art 
 and science ; Mineralogy ; Natural his- 
 tory ; Nature ; Nature study ; Naval art 
 and science ; Paleontology ; Philosophy ; 
 Physical geography ; Physics ; Political 
 science ; Psychology ; Religion and 
 science ; Scientists ; Sociology ; The- 
 ology ; Weights and measures ; Zoology. 
 Refer from Discoveries (in science) ; 
 
 '59 
 
ifxi-aeaj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADiNfJii 
 
 Knowledge ; Natural history ; Natural 
 science ; Nature ; Philosophy. 
 Science and religion. See Religion and 
 
 science. 
 Scientific apparatus. See also Instruments. 
 
 Refer from Instruments. 
 Scientific a'ssociations. See Scientific socie- 
 ties. 
 Scientific education. 
 
 Refer from Education. 
 Scientific men. See Scientists. 
 Scientific societies. 
 
 Refer from Scientific associations ; Soci- 
 ■ eties. 
 Scientists. A^a/.fo Astronomers ; Botanists; 
 Electricians ; Naturalists. 
 Refer ' from Authors ; Biography ; Natu- 
 ralists ; Science ; Scientific men. 
 Scouring. See Cleaning ; Dyeing. 
 Scriptures. See Bible. 
 Sculotgra^^-tSg^ also Artists'. ^ , 
 
 Referjfo'm Artretl*- BiograpBy^'SOTpt- 
 ure. 
 Sculpture. See also Anatomy for artists; 
 Arts, fine; Bas-relief; Bronzes; Carv- 
 ing; Drawing; Esthetics; Ivory; Monu- 
 ments ; Sculptors. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; Bas- 
 relief; Carving (wood, etc.') ; Decora- 
 tion and ornament ; Monuments ; Stat- 
 . ues ; 3'one-cutting. 
 Sea. V&^Oc&n. ^J;. .' ,^%i «, .^ '■ ,. ' 
 Sea bathing. See Baths and bathing. 
 Sea mosses. See Algae. 
 Sea power. See Naval art and science ; 
 
 Naval history. 
 Seal (animal). 
 
 Refer from Fisheries ; Mammals ; Marine 
 zoology ; Zoplogy. 
 Seals (numismatics). 
 
 Refer from ?Vrchae61ogy ; Signets. 
 Seamanship. See Navigation. 
 Seamen. See Sailors. 
 
 Seashore. See also Algae ; Baths and bath- 
 ing; Beaches; Marine zoology; Ocean. 
 Refer from Beaches ; Marine zoology ; 
 Ocean ; Physical geography ; Shore. 
 Seasickness. 
 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Naval 
 hygiene ; Ocean. 
 Seasons. See also Autumn; Spring; Sum- 
 mer; Winter. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Meteorology ; 
 Months ; Year 
 
 i6o 
 
Sea-Senl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Seaweeds. See Algas. 
 
 Secession. See also Confederate states ; 
 State rights; U. S., History, Civil -war. 
 Refer from Federal government ; Political 
 science ; State rights. 
 
 Second advent. See also Jesus Christ; 
 Judgment, day of; Millennium; Prophe- 
 cies ; Second adventists. 
 Refer from Advent ; Jesus Christ ; Mil- 
 lennium ; Prophecies ; Theology. 
 
 Second adventists. 
 
 Refer from Millerites ; Second advent ; 
 Sects. 
 
 Second sight. See also Clairvoyance. 
 
 Refer from Animal magnetism ; Divina- 
 tion ; Occult sciences ; Superstition. 
 
 Secondary batteries. See Storage batteries. 
 
 Secondary schools. See High schools 
 
 Secret societies. See also Fenians ; Free- 
 masonry ; Malta, knights of; Nihilism; 
 Odd-fellows ; Rosicrucians ; Templars. 
 Refer from Societies. 
 
 Secret writing. See Cipher. 
 
 Sects. See also Baptists ; Brownists ; Cath- 
 olic church ; Christian union ; Church of 
 England ; Congregationalisrri : D-ssent- 
 ers ; Friends, society of ; Huguenots ; 
 Hussites ; Methodist episcopal church ; 
 Moravians ; Mormonism : Nestorians ; 
 New Jerusalem ; Presbyterianism ; 
 Protestant episcopal church ; Second 
 adventists ; Shakers ; Unitarianism ; 
 Universalism ; Waldenses. 
 Refer from Belief; Christianity; Church 
 history ; Denominations ; Faith ; Protest- 
 antism ; Religion ; Jleligions.; Theology. 
 
 Securities. See Bonds' ; 'IilveStminits-; • ]lttont» 
 gages ; Stocks. » 
 
 Seedlings. 
 Refer fro?n Botany. 
 
 Seeds. 
 Refer from Botany. 
 
 Seismology. See Earthquakes ; Volcanoes. 
 
 Self-culture . See also Conduct of life ; Con- 
 versation ; Education ; Etiquette. 
 Refer from Conduct of life ; Culture ; 
 Education ; Ethics ; Self-education ; 
 Young men ; Young women. 
 
 Self-education. See Self-culture. 
 
 Senate. See names of countries and states, 
 as U.S. ; France ; Rome ; Massachusetts. 
 
 Sensation. See Senses. 
 
 Senses See also Blind ; Color-sense ; Deaf 
 and dumb ; Deafness ; Ear ; Eye ; Hear- 
 
 l6i 
 
Sen-She] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 ing ; Light ; Sight ; Smell ; Sound ; Taste ; • 
 Touch. 
 Refer from Intellect ; Philosophy ; Physi- 
 ology ; Psychology ; Sensations. 
 Sepoy war. See India, History. 
 Sepulchres. See Tombs. 
 Sepulture. See Burial. 
 Serfdom. See also Russia ; Slavery. 
 
 Refer from Political science; Slavery. 
 Sermon on the Mount. See also Beati- 
 tudes. 
 Refer from Beatitudes ; Bible. 
 Sermons. See also Preaching. 
 
 Refer from Homiletics ; Literature ; 
 Preaching ; Religion ; Theology. 
 Serpent-worship. 
 
 Refer from Animals, worship of; Relig- 
 ion ; Religions ; Serpents ; Worship. 
 Serpents. See also Reptiles ; Serpent-wor- 
 ship. 
 Refer from Reptiles ; Snakes. 
 Servants. See also Master and servant. 
 Refer from Domestic economy ; Domes- 
 tics ; Labor ; Master and servaru. 
 Service-books. See Liturgies. 
 Settlements. See Sociai setiivimenis. 
 Sewage. 
 
 Refer from Sewerage, 
 Sewerage. See also Drainage; Samtaiy 
 engineering ; Sewage. 
 Refer from Drainage ; House drainage , 
 Sanitary engineering. 
 Sewing. See Needlework. 
 Sewing schools. 
 
 Refer from 'i^^i.^e.^ (A; Schools. 
 Sex. 
 
 Refer from Biology ; Man ; Physiology ; 
 Woman. 
 Shadow pantomimes. 
 
 Refer frojn Amateur theatricals ; Panto- 
 mime. 
 Shadows. 
 
 Refer from Drawing ; Perspective. 
 Shakers. 
 
 Refer from Sects ; Socialism. 
 Sheep. See also Wool. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Domestic , ani- 
 mals ; Live stock ; Wool ; Worsted. 
 Shell-mounds. 
 
 y?«/«r/ro;« Archaeology ; Mounds. 
 Shells. See Mollusks ; Projectiles. 
 Sheriffs. 
 Refer from QoiyaVj o^zix%\ Law. 
 
 1 6a 
 
Shi-Sig] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Ship-building. See also Armored vessels ; 
 Boating ; Ships ; Yachting. 
 Jiefer from Architecture, naval ; Arts, 
 useful ; Marine architecture ; Naval 
 architecture ; Naval art and science ; 
 Navigation ; Ships ; Steam navigation ; 
 Vessels. 
 Ship-fever. See Typhus fever. 
 Ships. See also Anchors ; Armored vessels ; 
 Boating ; Commerce ; Galleys ; Naval art 
 and science ; Navigation ; Sailing ; Sail- 
 ors ; Sails ; Ship-building ; Shipwrecks ; 
 Steam navigation ; Yachting. 
 Refer from Navigation ; Ocean ; Ship- 
 building; Vessels. 
 Shipwrecks. 5^« a/jo Collisions ; Life-boats; 
 Life-saving. 
 Refer from Accidents ; Adventure ; Col- 
 lisions ; Disasters ; Life-saving ; Naviga- 
 tion ; Ocean ; Ships ; Wrecks. 
 Shoemakers. 
 
 Refer from Biography. 
 Shoes. 
 
 Refer from Boots ; Costume ; Foot ; 
 Leather; Manufactures. 
 Shooting. See also Archery ; Game ; Gun ; 
 Gunnery ; Hunting ; Rifle ; Sports. 
 Refer from Firearms; Gunnery; Hunting; 
 Rifle ; Sports. 
 Shooting-stars. See Meteors. 
 Shore. See Seashore. 
 
 Shorthand. See also Abbreviations ; Writing. 
 Refer from Abbreviations ; Phonography ; 
 Reporting ; Signs ; Stenography ; Ta- 
 chygraphy ; Writing. 
 Shrines. See also Relics. 
 Refer from Church antiquities ; Church 
 furniture ; Relics. 
 Shrubs. See also Botany : Gardening ; Land- 
 scape gardening ; Trees. 
 Refer from Botany ; Gardening ; Land- 
 scape gardening. 
 Sick, the. See Invalids. 
 Sieges. See also Battles ; Fortifications ; 
 Military art and science. 
 Refer from Battles ; History ; Military 
 art and science ; Military history. 
 Sight. See also Blind ; Color-blindness ; 
 Eye ; Spectacles. 
 Refer from Eye; Light; Senses; Vision. 
 Sign language. See also Cipher ; Deaf and 
 dumb ; Pantomime. 
 Refer from Deaf and Dumb ; Gesture ; 
 Language ; Signs. 
 
 163 
 
Sig-Ske] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Sign painting. See also Alphabets ; Paint- 
 ing, mechanical. 
 Refer from Painting, mechanical ; Sign- 
 boards ; Signs. 
 Signals. See also Flags ; Telegraph. 
 Refer from Military art and science ; Navi- 
 gation ; Signs. 
 Signatures. See Autographs. 
 Signboards. See also Sign painting. 
 
 Refer from Advertising ; Archaeology ; 
 Commerce ; Signs. 
 Signets. See Seals. 
 
 Signs. See Omens ; Shorthand ; Sign lan- 
 guage ; Sign painting ; Signals ; Sign- 
 boards. 
 Silhouettes. 
 
 Refer from Arts, fine. 
 Silk. 
 
 Refer from Fibres; Textile fabrics; Yarn. 
 Silos. See Ensilage. 
 
 Silver. See also Bimetallism ; Coins and 
 medals ; Free coinage ; Mines ; Money ; 
 Plate ; Precious metals. 
 Refer from Bimetallism ; Free coinage ; 
 Metals ; Mines and mining ; Money ; 
 Precious metals ; Specie. 
 Silverplating. See Electroplating ; Plating. 
 Silversmithing. See also Jewelry ; Plate. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Jewelry ; Metal- 
 work ; Plate. 
 Sin. See also Absolution ; Confession ; 
 Crime ; Depravity ; Fall of man ; Future 
 punishment ; Predestination ; Repent- 
 ance ; Salvation; Temptation. 
 Refer from He^n.vity; Ethics; Evil; Fall 
 of man ; Original sin ; Religion ; Temp- 
 tation ; Theology ; Total depravity. 
 Singers. 
 
 Refer from Biography ; Musicians ; Sing- 
 ing ; VocaUsts ; Woman. 
 Singing. See also Chanting ; Music ; Sing- 
 ers ; Songs ; Voice. 
 ./?^(?r yro;« Chanting ; Music; Voice. 
 Sisterhoods. See also Convents ; Deacon- 
 esses ; Monasticism ; Nunneries ; Nuns. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Charities ; 
 Church history ; Church of England ; 
 Church polity ; Monasticism ; Protestant 
 episcopal church in the U. S ; Religious 
 orders ; Woman. 
 Skating. 
 
 Refer from \qs. \ Locomotion; Sports. 
 Skeleton. See Bones. 
 Skepticism. See also Agnosticism ; Athe- 
 
 164 
 
iael- 
 
 Ske-Smu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 ism ; Deism ; Free thought ; Material- 
 ism ; Pantheism ; Rationalism. 
 - Refer » from Agnostisism ; Athei 
 •■D'Bibf';*Fkith ; Free* 'thought <* Infi' 
 ity ; Philos(^v: Religions Sceptic 
 Thefto-|f*fsra'ef.^ * 
 
 Sketching. See Drawing ; Painting. 
 Skin. See also Chicken-pox ; Color of man ; 
 Parasites ; Smallpox. 
 Refer from Cutaneous diseases. 
 Skull. See also Brain ; Head 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Bones ; Craniology ; 
 Head. 
 Sky. See Astronomy ; Meteorology 
 Slander. See Libel and slander. 
 Slang. See also Americanisms. 
 
 Refer from Argot \ Dialects; Language. 
 Slave-trade. See also Africa ; Slavery. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Negroes ; Slavery. 
 Slavery. See also Abolitionists ; Africa ; 
 African colonization ; Freedmen ; Gal- 
 leys ; Negroes ; Serfdom ; Slave-trade ; 
 South ; United States. 
 Refer from Abolition of slavery ; Anti- 
 slavery ; Colored people ; Emancipation ; 
 Ethics ; Freedmen ; Freedom ; History ; 
 Labor ; Liberty ; Negroes ; Political sci- 
 ence ; Serfdom ; Slave-trade ; Sociology. 
 Sleep. See also Animal magnetism ; Dreams ; 
 Hypnotism ; Insomnia ; Nightmare ; 
 Somnambulism. 
 Refer from Dreams ; Hygiene ; Insomnia ; 
 Night ; Physiology ; Psychology ; Som- 
 nambuHsm ; Subconsciousness. 
 Sleep-walking. See Somnambulism. 
 Sleight of hand. See Conjuring. 
 Slojd. See Sloyd. 
 Sloyd. See also Wood-carving. 
 
 Refer from Manual training ; Slojd ; 
 Wood-carving. 
 Smallpox. See also Inoculation ; Vaccina- 
 tion ; Varioloid. 
 Refer from Contagion ; Epidemics ; Inocu- 
 lation; Medicine, practice of; Skin; 
 Vaccination ; Variola ; Varioloid. 
 Smell. See also Nose. 
 
 Refer from Nose ; Odors ; Senses. 
 Smelting. See Metals. 
 Smoke. See also Fumigation. 
 
 Refer from Combustion ; Fire. 
 Smoking. See Tobacco. 
 Smuggling. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Criminal law ; 
 Tariff. 
 
 i6s 
 
Sna-Soil LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Snakes. See Reptiles ; Serpents. 
 
 Snow. See also Avalanches ; Ice ; Water. 
 Refer from Meteorology; Water. 
 
 Soap. 
 
 Refer from Cleaning ; Manufactures. 
 
 Sobriquets. .SV^ Nicknames ; Pseudonyms. 
 
 Social science. See Civilization ; Economics ; 
 Political science ; Sociology. 
 
 Social settlements.. See also Poor. 
 
 Refer from Charities ; College settlements ; 
 Philanthrophy ; Poor ; Settlements ; 
 Sociology ; University settlements. 
 
 Soc ialism. See also Communism ; Co- 
 operation ; Economics ; Individualism ; 
 Shakers. 
 Refer from Collectivism ; Communism ; 
 Cooperation ; Economics ; Individual- 
 ism ; Nationalism ; Political science ; 
 Property ; Sociology ; Utopia. 
 
 Societies. See also Agricultural societies ; 
 Bible societies ; Clubs ; Corporations ; 
 Friendly societies ; Geographical socie- 
 ties ; Gilds ; Historical societies ; Scien- 
 tific societies ; Secret societies ; Tract 
 societies ; Trade-unions. 
 Refer from Academies ; Associations ; 
 Clubs ; Sociology. 
 
 Society. Sec Etiquette ; Sociology ; Solitude. 
 
 Society of Jesus. See Jesuits. 
 
 Socinianism. See also Arianism ; Trinity 
 Unitarianism. 
 Refer from Arianism ; Jesus Christ ; The 
 ology ; Trinity; Unitarianism. 
 
 Sociology . See also Caste ; Charities ; Chil- 
 dren ; Christianity ; Cities ; Civilization ; 
 Clubs ; Colonies ; Communism ; Coopera- 
 tion ; Corporations ; Crime ; Divorce ; 
 Economics ; Education ; Ethics ; Eti- 
 quette ; Family ; Feudalism ; Friendly 
 societies; Gilds; Immigration; Insur- 
 ance ; Labor ; Law ; Man ; Manners and 
 customs ; Marriage ; Peace ; People ; 
 Political science ; Poor ; Population ; 
 Prisons ; Progress ; Property ; Punish- 
 ment ; Religion ; Slavery ; Social settle- 
 ments ; Socialism ; Societies ; Statis- 
 tics ; Temperance ; Theology ; Utopia ; 
 Woman. 
 Refer from Civilization ; Ethics ; History ; 
 Labor ; Man ; People ; Political science ; 
 Science ; Social science ; Society. 
 
 Soils. See also Agricultural chemistry. 
 Refer from Agricultural chemistry ; Agri- 
 culture ; Geology. 
 
 i66 
 
Sol-Spe] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Solar system. See also Asteroids ; Astron- 
 omy ; Planets [and their names] ; 
 Sun. 
 Refer from Astronomy; Planets; Sun. 
 Soldering. 
 
 Refer from Metal-work ; Plumbing. 
 Soldiers. See also Military art and science ; 
 Military biography ; Pensions. 
 Refer from Biography ; Military art and 
 science ; Military biography. 
 Solids. 
 
 Refer from Physics. 
 Solitaire. See also Patience (game). 
 
 Refer from Games. 
 Solitude. See also Hermits. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Society. 
 Somnambulism. See also Dreams ; Sleep. 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Night; 
 Psychology ; Sleep ; Sleep-walking. 
 Songs. See also Anthems ; Ballads ; Carols ; 
 Church music ; Folk-songs ; Glees ; 
 Hymns ; Lyric poetry ; National songs ; 
 School music ; Voice. [Songs without 
 music go with Ballads.] 
 Refer from Ballads ; Carols ; Folk-songs ; 
 Glees ; Music ; Poetry ; Singing ; Vocal 
 music. 
 Sonnets. 
 
 Refer from Poetry. 
 Sorcery. See Witchcraft. 
 Sore throat. 
 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Throat. 
 Soubriquets. See Nicknames ; Pseudonyms. 
 Soul. See also Animal psychology; Future 
 life ; Preexistence ; Psychology ; Trans- 
 migration. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Future life ; Man ; . 
 Materialism ; Philosophy ; Preexistence ; 
 Psychology ; Salvation ; Spirit ; Theol- 
 ogy ; Transmigration. 
 Sound. See also Ear ; Music ; Noise ; Pho- 
 netics ; Phonograph ; Radiation ; Tele- 
 phone ; Voice. 
 Refer from Acoustics ; Architecture ; Ear ; 
 Music ; Noise ; Physics ; Radiation ; 
 Senses ; Voice. 
 Sovereigns. See Emperors ; Kings ; Mon- 
 archy; Queens. 
 Space. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Philosophy. 
 Sparring. See Boxing. 
 Speakers. See Orators ; Readers and speak- 
 ers. 
 
 167 
 
Spe-Spi] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Speaking. See Elocution ; Oratory ; Preach- 
 ing ; Rhetoric ; Voice. 
 Specie. See Gold ; Money ; Silver. 
 Species. See also Evolution. 
 Refer from Biology ; Evolution ; Origin of 
 species; Variation of species ; Zoology. 
 Specific gravity. See also Gravitation ; 
 Weights and measures. 
 Refer from Gravitation ; Weights and 
 measures. 
 Spectacles. 
 Refer from Eye ; Light ; Optical instru- 
 ments ; Sight. 
 Spectres. See Apparitions ; Ghosts. 
 Spectroscope. See Spectrum. 
 Spectrum. 
 Refer from Analysis ; Astronomy ; Chem- 
 istry ; Light ; Optical instruments ; Spec- 
 troscope ; Sun. 
 Speculation. See also Q.xe.d\t\ Investments; 
 Panic ; Stocks. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Economics ; Invest- 
 ments ; Panics. 
 Speech. See also Conversation; Deaf and 
 dumb ; Elocution ; Language ; Liberty 
 of speech; Stammering; Voice. 
 Refer from Language ; Voice. 
 Speeches. See Orations ; Oratory. 
 Spellers. See also Primers. 
 
 Refer from Text-books. 
 Spelling. 
 Refer from Language ; Orthography ; 
 Phonetics ; Words. 
 Spine. See also Nervous system. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Nervous system. 
 Spinning. See also Yarn. 
 
 Refer from Textile fabrics ; Yarn. 
 Spires. See also Towers. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Church archi- 
 tecture ; Steeples ; Towers. 
 Spirit. 6V« Holy spirit ; Soul. 
 Spiritism. See Spiritualism. 
 Spirits. See Apparitions ; Demonology ; 
 
 Ghosts ; Spiritualism ; Witchcraft. 
 Spiritualism. See also Animal magnetism ; 
 Apparitions ; Clairvoyance ; Mind-read- 
 ing. 
 Refer from Apparitions ; Future life ; 
 Miracles ; Occult sciences ; Philosophy ; 
 Religions ; Spiritism ; Spirits ; Super- 
 natural ; Superstition; Table-moving; 
 Theology. 
 Spirituous liquors. See Liquors ; Temperance. 
 
 168 
 
Spo-Sta] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Spoils system. See Civil service. 
 
 Sports. See also Acrobats; Amusements; 
 Archery ; Baseball ; Baths and bathing ; 
 Betting ; Boating ; Bowling ; Boxing ; 
 Bull fights ; Camping ; Canoeing ; Cricket ; 
 Curling ; Cycling ; Driving ; Falconry ; 
 Fencing ; Fishing ; Football ; Gambling ; 
 Games; Golf; Gymnastics; Horse-rac- 
 ing ; Horsemanship ; Hunting ; Moun- 
 taineering ; Physical education ; Poach- 
 ing ; Rowing ; Running ; Sailing ; Shoot- 
 ing ; Skating ; Swimming ; Tournaments ; 
 Training ; Trapping ; Walking ; Yacht- 
 ing. 
 liefer from Amusements ; Athletics ; 
 Country life ; Field-sports ; Game ; 
 Games ; Gymnastics ; Hunting ; Manly 
 exercise ; Outdoor life ; Physical educa- 
 tion ; Plays ; Recreation ; Shooting. 
 
 Spring. 
 Refer from Seasons. 
 
 Springs. See also Geysers. 
 Refer from Fountains ; Geysers ; Physical 
 geography ; Water. 
 
 Stables. See also Barns ; Horse. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Architecture ; 
 Barns; Domestic animals ; Horse. 
 
 Stage. See Acting ; Drama ; Theatre. 
 
 Stage-coaches. See Carriages ; Coaching. 
 
 Stained glass. See Glass-painting. 
 
 Stair-building. See also Carpentry; Hand- 
 railing. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Carpentry. 
 
 Stammering. 
 Refer from Speech ; Stuttering ; Voice. 
 
 Stamps. See Postage-stamps. 
 
 Standards. See Flags ; Units ; Weights and 
 measures. 
 
 Stars. See also Asteroids ; Astrology ; As- 
 stronomy ; Meteors ; Planets ; Zodiac. 
 Refer from Astronomy; Constellations. 
 
 Starvation . See also Famines. 
 Refer from Abstinence ; Diet ; Famines ; 
 Fasting. 
 
 State, the. See Political science. 
 
 State church. See Church and state; Dis- 
 establishment. 
 
 State rights. See also Nullification ; Seces- 
 sion. 
 Refer from. Nullification ; Political sci- 
 ence ; Secession. 
 
 Statesmanship. See Diplomacy ; Political 
 science. 
 
 i6g 
 
Sta-Sti] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Statesmen. 
 
 Refer from Biography; Political science. 
 Statics. See also Meclianics. 
 Refer from Dynamics ; Engineering ; 
 Equlibrium ; Mechanics ; Physics. 
 Stationery. See also Ink ; Paper. 
 
 Refer from Commerce ; Manufactures. 
 Statistics. See also Almanacs ; Census ; 
 Population ; Vital statistics ; Year-books. 
 For statistics of a special subject, 
 country, or place, j-^^ its name. 
 Refer from Census ; Commerce ; Econom- 
 ics ; History ; Political science ; Popula- 
 tion ; Sociology. 
 Statues. See Sculpture. 
 Statutes. For the statutes of any country 
 
 or state see its name. 
 Steam. See also Boilers ; Steam-engine ; 
 Steam heating; Steam navigation. 
 Refer from Boilers ; Heat ; Physics ; 
 Steam-engine ; Vapor ; Water. 
 Steam-boilers. See Boilers ; Steam-engine, 
 Steam-engine. See also Boilers ; Fire- 
 engine ; Heat ; Locomotives ; Machinery ; 
 Railroads ; Steam ; Steam navigation. 
 Refer from Boilers ; Engineering ; En- 
 gines ; Locomotives ; Machinery ; Me- 
 chanics ; Motors ; Railroads ; Steam ; 
 Steam-boilers ; Steam navigation. 
 Steam heating. See also Heating. 
 
 Refer from. Heating ; Steam. 
 Steam navigation. See also Navigation ; 
 Ship-building ; Steam-engine. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Inland navigation ; 
 Navigation ; Ships ; Steam ; Steam- 
 engine ; Steamboats ; Steamships ; Trans- 
 portation. 
 Steamboats. See Steam navigation. 
 Steamships. See Steam navigation. 
 Steel. ii>^ a/j-(7 Casting ; Iron. 
 
 Refer from Iron ; Metals. 
 Steeples. See Spires. 
 Stenography. See Shorthand. 
 Stereography. See Geometry. 
 Stereopticon. See Magic lantern. 
 Stereoscope. 
 
 Refer from Light ; Optical instruments. 
 Stereotomy. See Stone-cutting. 
 Stereotyping. See also Printing. 
 
 Refer from Printing. 
 Stimulants and narcotics. See also Alcohol ; 
 
 170 
 
tJti-StrJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Beverages ; Coffee ; Liquors ; Morphia ; 
 Opium ; Tea ; Temperance ; Tobacco. 
 Refer from Beverages ; Diet ; Food ; Hy- 
 giene ; Medicine ; Narcotics ; Temper- 
 ance ; Therapeutics. 
 Stock breeding. See Cattle ; Domestic ani- 
 mals. 
 Stock companies. See Corporations 
 Stock exchange. See also Banks and bank- 
 ing ; Money ; Panics ; Stocks. 
 Refer from Banks and banking ; Brokers ; 
 Business ; Economics ; Money ; Stocks. 
 Stockings. See Hosiery. 
 Stocks. See also Bonds ; Corporations ; In- 
 vestments ; Stock exchange. 
 Refer from Banks ; Bonds ; Commerce ; 
 Corporations ; Economics ; Exchange ; 
 Finance ; Investments ; Negotiable in- 
 struments ; Securities ; Speculation ; 
 Stock exchange. 
 Stoics. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Philosophy. 
 Stomach. .S>« a/jo Digestion. 
 Refer from Abdomen ; Anatomy ; Diges- 
 tion. 
 Stone. See also Blasting ; Masonry ; Pre- 
 cious stones ; Quarrying ; Rocks ; Stone- 
 cutting. 
 Refer from Building materials ; Geology ; 
 Masonry ; Mineralogy ; Rocks. 
 Stone age. 
 
 Refer from Archaeology. 
 Stone-cutting. See also Sculpture. 
 Refer from Stereotomy ; Stone. 
 Storage batteries. 
 Refer from Accumulators ; Batteries ; 
 Electric batteries ; Electric railroads ; 
 Secondary batteries. 
 Stories. See Children's literature ; Fairy 
 
 tales ; Fiction ; Legends ; Romances. 
 Storms. See also Thunder-storms ; Winds. 
 Refer from Cyclones ; Hurricanes ; Me- 
 teorology ; Thunder-storms ; Tornadoes ; 
 Weather ; Whirlwinds ; Winds. 
 Stoves. See also Heating. 
 
 Refer from Heating. 
 Strains. See Strength of materials. 
 Strategy. See Military art and science ; 
 
 Naval art and science. 
 Street cleaning. 
 Refer from Cleaning ; Roads ; Sanitary 
 engineering; Sweeping. 
 
 171 
 
Str-Sui] LIST. OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Street-railroads. See also Electric railroads ; 
 Horse-railroads. 
 Refer from Railroads ; Roads ; Tram- 
 ways. 
 Streets. See Roads. 
 
 Strength of materials. See also Archi- 
 tecture ; Bridges ; Building materials ; 
 Elasticity ; Girders ; Masonry ; Roofs ; 
 Trusses. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Bridges ; Build- 
 ing materials ; Elasticity ; Engineering ; 
 Masonry; Materials, strength of; Me- 
 chanics ; Strains ; Testing ; Timber ; 
 Trusses . 
 Strikes and lockouts. See also Arbitration, 
 industrial ; Labor ; Trade-unions. 
 Refer from Capital ; Economics ; Labor ; 
 Lockouts ; Trade-unions. 
 Students. A« a/jo Colleges ; Education. 
 Refer from Colleges and universities ; 
 Education; Literary men. 
 Stuttering. See Stammering. 
 Style. See Costume ; Fashion ; Rhetoric. 
 Subconsciousness. See also Faith-cure ; Hyp- 
 notism. 
 Refer from Consciousness ; Faith-cure ; 
 Hypnotism ; Mind and body ; Psy- 
 chology ; Sleep. 
 Submarine warfare. See also Torpedoes. 
 
 Refer from Naval art and science. 
 Subways. See also Tunnels. 
 Refer fro?n Engineering ; Railroads ; Tun- 
 nels. 
 Success. See also Business ; Conduct of 
 life. 
 Refer from Business ; Conduct of life ; 
 Ethics ; Wealth ; Young men. 
 Suffering. See also Affliction : Consolation ; 
 Pain. 
 Refer from Pain. 
 Suffrage. See also Ballot ; Citizenship ; 
 Election ; Naturalization ; Representa- 
 tion ; Woman suffrage. 
 Refer from Ballot ; Democracy ; Election 
 (in poUtics) ; Political science ; Repre- 
 sentation ; Voting. 
 Sugar. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Food. 
 Suggestion, mental. See Animal magnetism ; 
 
 Hypnotism. 
 Suicide. 
 Refr from Criminal law ; Death ; Ethics ; 
 Medical jurisprudence ; Murder. 
 
 \T'. 
 
Sui-Sur] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Suits at law. See Actions at law. 
 Summer. 
 
 Refer from Seasons. 
 Sun. See also Eclipses ; Solar system ; 
 Spectrum. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Eclipses ; Heat ; 
 Light ; Solar system. 
 Sun-dials. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Dialing ; Time- 
 keepers. 
 Sunday. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Fasts and feasts ; 
 Religion ; Sabbath ; Theology. 
 Sunday schools. See also Bible classes; 
 Religious education. 
 Refer from Bible classes ; Children ; 
 Education ; Religious education ; Schools. 
 Sunstroke. See Heatstroke. 
 Supernatural. See also Apparitions; Mira- 
 cles ; Religion ; Spiritualism ; Supersti- 
 tion ; Theology. 
 Refer from Philosophy ; Religion ; Super- 
 stition. 
 Superstition. See also Alchemy ; Amulets ; 
 Apparitions ; Astrology ; Charms ; De- 
 lusions ; Demonology ; Devil ; Divina- 
 tion ; Dreams ; Fairies ; Fetishism ; 
 Folk-lore ; Fortune-telling ; Ghosts ; Le- 
 gends ; iVtythology ; Occult sciences ; 
 Omens ; Oracles ; Ealmistry ; Relics ; 
 Religions ; Second sight ; Spiritualism ; 
 Supernatural ; Theosophy ; Totems ; 
 Werwolves ; Witchcraft. 
 Refer from Delusions ; Folk-lore ; Mythol- 
 ogy ; Religion ; Supernatural ; Witchcraft. 
 Supply and demand. See Demand and 
 
 supply. 
 Suppuration. See also Abscess ; Ulcers. 
 
 Refer from Abscess ; Pus ; Ulcers. 
 Sureties. See Guaranties and sureties. 
 Surgeons. 
 Refer from Biography ; Physicians ; Sur- 
 gery. 
 Surgery. See also Accidents ; Amputation ; 
 Anatomy ; Anesthetics ; Antiseptics ; 
 Autopsy ; Bloodletting ; Bones ; De- 
 formities ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; 
 Fractures ; Medicine ; Military surgery ; 
 Naval surgery ; Surgeons ; Surgical in- 
 struments ; Wounds. 
 Refer from Accidents ; Anatomy ; Medi- 
 cine ; Medicine, practice of ; Pathology; 
 Wounds. 
 
 •73 
 
Sur-Tab] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Surgical instruments. 
 Refer from Instruments ; Surgery. 
 
 Surnames. See Names. 
 
 Surrogate law. See Wills. 
 
 Surveying. See also Barometer; Engineer- 
 ing ; Geodesy ; Nautical surveying ; Rail- 
 roads ; Topographical drawing ; Trigo- 
 nometry. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Civil engineer- 
 ing ; Engineering ; Geodesy ; Geography ; 
 Land ; Leveling ; Mathematics ; Mensur- 
 ation ; Nautical surveying ; Railroads ; 
 Topography ; Trigonometry. 
 
 Swearing. See also Oaths. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Oaths ; Profanity. 
 
 Swedenborgianism. See New Jerusalem, 
 church of the. 
 
 Sweeping. See also Chimney sweeping; 
 Domestic economy ; Street cleaning. 
 Refer from Carpets ; Cleaning ; Domestic 
 economy ; Floors. 
 
 Swimming. See also Baths and bathing ; 
 Diving. 
 Refer from Baths and bathing; Diving; 
 Sports ; Water. 
 Swine. See Hog. 
 Sword. See also Fencing. 
 Refer from Arms and armor ; Fencing ; 
 Military art and science ; Weapons. 
 Symbolics. See Creeds. 
 Symbolism. See also Christian art and 
 symbolism ; Emblems. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Emblems ; Relig- 
 ion. 
 Symbolism (in theology). &^ Creeds. 
 Symphonies. 
 
 Refer from Music. 
 Symptoms. See Diagnosis. 
 Synods. See Councils ; also names of places 
 
 at which synods were held. 
 Synon yms. 
 
 Refer from Language ; Words. 
 Table, the. 5>« Carving ; Cookery ; Dining; 
 
 Eating; Food. 
 Table-moving. See Spiritualism. 
 Table-talk. See also Anecdotes. 
 Refer fro?n Anecdotes ; Aphorisms ; 
 Apothegms; Biography; Conversation; 
 Epigrams ; Sayings ; Talking ; Wit and 
 humor. 
 Tableaux. See also Amateur theatricals. 
 Refer from Amateur theatricals ; Amuse- 
 ments ; Drama. 
 
 174 
 
Tab-Tea1 LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINO^ 
 
 Tables. &^ Interest; Logarithms, <?/c. 
 Tachygraphy. 6V« Shorthand. 
 Tactics. See also Artillery; Cavalry; In- 
 fantry ; Military art and science ; Naval 
 tactics. 
 Refer from Drill; Military art and 
 science. 
 Talismans. 5;;^ Amulets; Charms. 
 Talking. See Conversation ; Table-talk. 
 Talmud. 
 
 Refer from Bible ; Jews. 
 T'anning. See also Leather. 
 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Leather. 
 Taouism. 
 
 Refer from Religions. 
 Tapestry. 
 Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Deco- 
 ration and ornament ; Needlework ; Tex- 
 tile fabrics ; Wall decoration 
 Tariff. See also Corn laws ; Economics ; 
 England, Finance ; Exportation ; Rec- 
 iprocity; Smuggling; Taxation; U.S., 
 finance. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Customs ; Duties ; 
 Economics ; Exportation ; Finance ; Free 
 trade; Imports; Protection; Revenue; 
 Taxation ; Trade. 
 Taste. See Esthetics. 
 Taste, sense of. 
 
 Refer from Senses. 
 Tattooing. 
 
 Refer from Manners and customs. 
 Taverns. See Hotels ; Inns. 
 Taxation. See also Economics ; Finance ; 
 Income tax ; Tariff. 
 Refer from Assessment ; Economics ; Fi- 
 nance ; Income tax; Internal revenue; 
 Land; Personal property; Political sci- 
 ence ; Property ; Real property ; Rev- 
 enue ; Tariff. 
 Taxidermy. 
 Refer from Birds ; Natural history ; Zool- 
 ogy- 
 Tea. 
 Refer from Beverages ; Stimulants and 
 narcotics. 
 Teachers. See also Education ; Normal 
 schools. 
 Refer from Biography ; Education ; School- 
 masters ; Teaching. 
 Teaching. See also Child study ; Corporal 
 punishment ; Education ; Examinations ; 
 
 1 75 
 
Tea-tenj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADING;-: 
 
 Kindergarten ; Memory ; Nature study ; 
 Object-teaching; Teachers. 
 Refer from Education ; Pedagogics ; Train- 
 ing. 
 Technical education . See also IVIanual train- 
 ing. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Education ; In- 
 dustrial education ; Machinery ; Manual 
 training; Polytechnic schools. 
 Technology. &« Arts, useful ; Manufactures. 
 Teeth. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Dentistry ; Medicine, 
 practice of; Mouth; Odontology. 
 Telegraph. .S>^ a/jo Electric wires. 
 
 Refer from \r\.%, useful; Cables ; Electric 
 engineering ; Electric telegraph ; Elec- 
 tricity ; Signals. 
 Telepathy. See Mind-reading. 
 Telephone. 
 
 Refer from Electricity; Sound. 
 Telescope. 
 
 Refer from Astronomical instruments ; 
 Astronomy; Light; Optical instruments. 
 Temperament. See also Nervous system. 
 Refer from Character ; Nervous system . 
 Temperance. See also Alcohol; Beer; Bev- 
 erages ; Distillation ; Drinking customs ; 
 Liquors ; Opium ; Stimulants and nar- 
 cotics ; Tobacco ; Wine. 
 Refer from Abstinence ; Alcohol ; Bev- 
 erages ; Drinking customs ; Drunken- 
 ness ; Ethics; Food; Hygiene: In- 
 ebriates; Intemperance; Intoxication; 
 License system ; Liquors ; Prohibition ; 
 Sociology ; -Spirituous liquors ; Stimulants 
 and narcotics ; Total abstinence ; Wine. 
 Temperature. See also Animal heat; Cli- 
 mate ; Cold ; Heat. 
 Refer fro?n Climate ; Heat ; Meteorology. 
 Templars. .SV^ rt/fo Chivalry ; Freemasonry. 
 Refer frotn Chivalry ; Knights templars ; 
 Secret societies. 
 Temples. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Church architecture ; Religious art. 
 Temporal power. See Popes. 
 Temptation. See also Evil; Fall of man; 
 Jesus Christ; Sin. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Evil ; Sin ; Theology. 
 Ten commandments. See Commandments, 
 
 ten. 
 Ten tribes of Israel. See Jews. 
 Tenant. See Landlord and tenant. 
 
 176 
 
Ten-The] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADJ'^Ge 
 
 Tenement-houses. See also Architecture, 
 domestic ; Poor. 
 Refer from Architecture, domestic ; Poor. 
 Tennis. 
 
 Refer from Games ; Lawn-tennis. 
 Tents. See also Camping. 
 Refer from Camping ; Military art and 
 science. 
 Tenure of land. See Land. 
 Terra-cotta. See also Pottery. 
 Refer from Building materials ; Decoration 
 and ornament ; Pottery. 
 Testimony. See Evidence. 
 Testing. See Strength of materials ; also 
 object tested, such as Electric testing, 
 etc. 
 Tetanus. See Lockjaw. 
 
 Text-books. See also Primers ; Readers and 
 speakers ; Spellers. 
 Refer from Books and reading ; Education ; 
 School-books. 
 Textile fab rics. See also Bleaching; Calico- 
 printing ; Carpets ; Clothing ; Cotton ; 
 Dry goods ; Dyeing ; Embroidery ; Fi- 
 bres ; Flax ; Hosiery ; Linen ; Silk ; Spin- 
 ning ; Tapestry ; Weaving ; Wool ; 
 Worsted ; Yarn. 
 Refer from Arts, useful; Cloth ; Clothing; 
 Cotton ; Dry goods ; Fibres ; Linen ; 
 Manufactures ; Weaving ; Wool ; Wor- 
 sted ; Yarn. 
 Thanksgiving day. 
 
 Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Holidays. 
 Theatre. See also Acting ; Actors ; Act- 
 resses ; Amateur theatricals ; Ballet ; 
 Drama ; Masks ; Miracle-plays ; Opera ; 
 Pantomime. 
 Refer from Acting ; Actors ; Actresses ; 
 Amusements ; Architecture ; Drama ; 
 Ethics ; Histrionics ; Stage. 
 Theism. See also Atheism; Christianity; 
 Deism ; God ; Theology. 
 Refer from Atheism ; Deism ; God ; Phi- 
 losophy ; Religion ; Theology. 
 Theodicy. See God. 
 
 Theological education. See also Religious 
 education ; Theological schools. 
 Refer from Education ; Religious educa- 
 tion ; Theology. 
 Theological schools. 
 Refer from Divinity schools ; Theological 
 education. 
 Theology. [Including the Christian doc- 
 
 177 
 
The tnej LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 trines. For comparative theology and 
 history of religion see Religion. For 
 Christian evidences see Christianity.] 
 See also Agnosticism ; Angels ; Anni- 
 hilation ; Antichrist ; Antinomianism ; 
 Apostles ; Apostolic constitutions ; Apos- 
 tolic succession ; Arminianism ; Asceti- 
 cism ; Atheism ; Atonement ; Baptism ; 
 Belief; Bible; Calvinism; Catechisms; 
 Celibacy ; Certainty ; Christian ; Christ- 
 ian union ; Christianity ; Church ; Church 
 history ; Church polity ; Clergy ; Confes- 
 sion ; Confirmation ; Conscience ; Con- 
 version ; Creation ; Creeds ; Cross ; 
 Death ; Deism ; Depravity ; Devil ; Ethics ; 
 Evil ; Faith ; Fall of man ; Fanaticism ; 
 Fasting ; Fathers of the church ; Free 
 religion ; Future life ; Future punish- 
 ment ; God ; Heaven ; Hell ; Heresy ; 
 Holy spirit ; Infallibility ; Jesus Christ ; 
 Judgment, day of; Justification; Lib- 
 erty of conscience ; Liberty of the will ; 
 Lord's prayer ; Lord's supper ; Love ; 
 Mass ; Materialism ; Millennium ; Mira- 
 cles ; Missions ; Monotheism ; Mysticism ; 
 Natural religion ; Orthodoxy ; Panthe- 
 ism ; Penance ; Philosophy ; Plurality of 
 worlds ; Prayer ; Predestination ; Private 
 judgment ; Prophecies ; Protestantism ; 
 Purgatory ; Rationalism ; Regeneration ; 
 Religion ; Religion and science ; Re- 
 pentance ; Resurrection ; Revelation ; 
 Revivals ; Sacraments ; Sacrifice ; Salva- 
 tion ; Second advent ; Sects ; Sermons ; 
 Sin ; Skepticism ; Socinianism ; Soul ; 
 Spiritualism ; Sunday ; Temptation ; The- 
 ism ; Theological education ; Transcen- 
 dentalism ; Transubstantiation ; Trinity ; 
 Worship. 
 Refer from Bible ; Cliristian doctrine ; 
 Christianity ; Church history ; Divinity ; 
 Doctrines ; Dogmatic theology ; Faith ; 
 God ; Natural religion ; Philosophy ; 
 Revelation ; Science ; Sociology ; Super- 
 natural ; Theism. 
 
 Theosophy. 
 
 Refer from Buddhism, esoteric; Esoteric 
 Buddhism ; Occult sciences ; Religion ; 
 Religions ; Superstition. 
 
 Therapeutics. .5V<? a&o Anesthetics ; Animal 
 magnetism ; Antiseptics ; Baths and 
 bathing ; Bloodletting ; Christian sci- 
 ence ; Cupping ; Diet ; Drugs ; Exercise ; 
 
 178 
 
The-'tit] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Faith-cure ; Hydropathy ; Inoculation ; 
 Massage ; IVIateria medica ; Medical 
 electricity ; Medicine ; Nurses and nurs- 
 ing ; Pathology ; Pharmacy ; Poisons ; 
 Purgatives ; Rest ; Stimulants and nar- 
 cotics. 
 Refer from Hygiene ; Materia medica ; 
 Medicine; Medicine, practice of; Reme- 
 dies (in medicine). 
 Thermodynamics. See Heat. 
 Thermometer. 
 
 Refer from Heat ; Meteorology ; Physics. 
 Thieves. See Robbers. 
 Thinking. See Logic ; Philosophy ; Psy- 
 chology. 
 Thirty-nine articles. See Church of England. 
 Thirty years' war, 1618-48. See also Ger- 
 many, History. 
 Refer from Germany, History; Reformation. 
 Thorough-bass. See Harmony. 
 Thought. See Logic ; Philosophy ; Psy- 
 chology. 
 Thought-transference. See Mind-reading. 
 Throat. See also Breathing ; Bronchitis ; 
 Sore throat; Voice, 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Breathing ; Bron- 
 chitis ; Voice. 
 Thunder-storms. .SV«(j/.y(? Lightning ; Storms. 
 Refer from Lightning ; Meteorology ; 
 Storms. 
 Tides. See also Ocean. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Moon ; Ocean ; 
 Physical geography. 
 Tiles. See also Bricks ; Pottery. 
 
 Refer from Bricks ; Pottery. 
 Timber. See also Forestry; Lumbering; 
 Strength of materials ; Trees; Wjod. 
 Refer from Building materials ; Forestry ; 
 Lumbering ; Trees ; Wood 
 Time. See' also Almanacs; Astronomy; 
 Calendar ; Chronology ; Days ; Eternity ; 
 Timekeepers. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Chronology ; 
 Philosophy. 
 Timekeepers. See also Clocks and watches ; 
 Pendulums ; Sun-dials. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Clocks and 
 watches ; Horology ; Machinery ; Manu- 
 factures ; Time. 
 Tissues. See Histology. 
 Tithes. See also Church rates. 
 Refer from Church law ; Church of Eng- 
 land ; Church polity ; Church rates. 
 
 179 
 
Tit-Tot] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Titles. See also Conveyancing ; Real prop- 
 erty ; Sale. 
 Refer from Land ; Law ; Property ; Real 
 property ; Sale, 
 Toadstools. See Mushrooms. 
 Toasts. 
 Refer from Dining ; Drinking customs ; 
 Epigrams ; Manners and customs. 
 Tobacco. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture; Smoking; Stim- 
 ulants and narcotics ; Temperance. 
 Toilet. See also Baths and bathing ; Cos- 
 metics ; Costume ; Perfumery. 
 Refer from Cosmetics ; Costume. 
 Toleration. See Liberty of conscience ; Re- 
 ligious liberty. 
 Tombs. See also Brasses ; Burial ; Cata- 
 combs ; Cemeteries ; Crypts ; Epitaphs ; 
 Mounds ; Tombstones. 
 Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; 
 Burial ; Cemeteries ; Crypts ; Monuments ; 
 Sepulchres ; Vaults. 
 Tombstones. See also Epitaphs. 
 
 Refer from Monuments ; Tombs. 
 Tools. See also Agricultural tools ; Car- 
 pentry ; Machinery. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Carpentry ; In- 
 struments ; Machinery. 
 Topographical drawing. See also Map draw- 
 ing. 
 Refer from Drawing ; Map drawing ; Sur- 
 veying ; Topography. 
 Topography. See Geography ; Surveying ; 
 
 Topographical drawing. 
 Tories, American. See American loyal- 
 ists. 
 Tories, English. See also England, His- 
 tory; England, Politics. 
 Refer from Parties, political. 
 Tornadoes. See Storms. 
 Torpedoes. 
 Refer from Explosives ; Military art and 
 science ; Naval art and science ; Subma- 
 rine warfare. 
 Torts. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Wrongs. 
 Torture. See also Inquisition ; Punishment. 
 
 Refer from Punishment. 
 Total abstinence. See Temperance. 
 Total depravity. See Depravity ; Sin. 
 Totems. 
 Refer from Indians of N. A. ; Mythology; 
 Religion ; Superstition ; Worship. 
 
 180 
 
Tou-Tra] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Touch. 
 
 Refer from Feeling ; Senses. 
 Tournaments. See also Chivalry. 
 
 Refer fr 0711 Chivalry ; Fighting ; Sports. 
 Towers. See also Spires. 
 
 Refer from Architecture ; Church archi- 
 tecture ; Spires. 
 Town-meeting. See also Local government ; 
 Towns. 
 Refer from Democracy ; Political science ; 
 Towns. 
 Town officers. See also Police. 
 
 Refer from Polifical science ; Towns. 
 Towns. See also Boroughs ; Cities ; Local 
 government ; Municipal government ; 
 Town-meeting ; Town officers ; Vil- 
 lages. 
 Refer from Boroughs ; Cities ; Local gov- 
 ernment ; Municipal corporations ; Politi- 
 cal science ; Town-meeting ; Villages. 
 Toxicology. See Poisons. 
 Toys. See also Dolls. 
 
 Refer from Amusements ; Games. 
 Tract societies. See also Tracts. 
 
 Refer from Missions ; Societies ; Tracts. 
 Tractarianism. See Oxford movement. 
 Tracts. See also Tract societies. 
 
 Refer from Literature ; Tract societies. 
 Trade. See Business ; Commerce ; Tariff. 
 Trade-marks. See also Patents. 
 Refer frotn Commerce ; Law ; Manufact- 
 ures ; Patents. 
 Trade-unions. See also Cooperation ; Gilds ; 
 Labor ; Strikes and lockouts. 
 Refer from Associations ; Commerce ; Co- 
 operation ; Economics ; Gilds ; Labor ; 
 Societies ; Strikes and lockouts ; Wages. 
 Traditions. See Folk-lore ; Legends. 
 Tragedy. See Drama. 
 
 Training. See also Animals, training of; 
 Education ; Gymnastics ; Physical educa- 
 tion ; Teaching. 
 Refer frotn Exercise ; Hygiene ; Physical 
 education ; Sports. 
 Tramps. 
 Refer from Crime ; Poor ; Vagabonds ; 
 Vagrancy. 
 Tramways. See Street-railroads. 
 Transcendentalism. 
 Refer frotn Philosophy ; Rationalism ; 
 Theology. 
 Transformers. See Electric transformers. 
 Transit. See Transportation. 
 
 i8i 
 
Tra-Tri] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Transits. &« a/w name of planet. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Planets. 
 Translation. 
 
 Refer fro7n Language ; Rhetoric. 
 Transmigration. See also Preexistence ; 
 Soul. 
 Refer from Future life ; Metempsychosis ; 
 Preexistence ; Reincarnation ; Soul. 
 Transmutation of metals. See Alchemy. 
 Transportation. See also Canals ; Carriages ; 
 Commerce ; Ferries ; Inland navigation ; 
 Railroads ; Roads ; Steam navigation ; 
 Vehicles. 
 Refer from Commerce ; Locomotion ; 
 Transit ; Vehicles. 
 Transportation (of criminals). 
 
 Refer from Exportation ; Punishment. 
 Transubstantiation. See also Lord's supper ; 
 Mass. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Jesus Christ ; 
 Lord's supper ; Mass ; Real presence ; 
 Theology. 
 Trapping. See also Hunting. 
 
 Refer from Hunting ; Sports. 
 Travel. [Put here books on the art of 
 travel.] See also Pilgrimage ; Voyages 
 and travels. 
 Refer from Locomotion ; Voyages and 
 travels . 
 Travelers. See also Commercial travelers; 
 Explorers ; Voyages and travels. 
 Refer from Biography ; Explorers. 
 Travels. See Voyages and travels. 
 Treason. 
 
 Refer fr 0711 Criminal law ; Law ; Murder. 
 Treaties. .^^^ a/ro Diplomacy ; International 
 law ; also names of countries, places at 
 which treaties were made, etc. 
 Refer from TA^Xova-SiC'j \ History; Interna- 
 tional law ; Ministers (of state) ; Politi- 
 cal science. 
 Tree-worship. 
 
 Refer from Trees ; Worship. 
 T rees. See also Arbor-day ; Bark ; Botany ; 
 Evergreens ; Forestry ; Fruit ; Grafting ; 
 Landscape gardening ; Lumbering ; Prun- 
 ing; Timber; Tree-worship. 
 Refer from Agriculture; Botany; Evei- 
 greens ; Forestry ; Shrubs ; Timber ; 
 Wood. 
 Trespass. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Property. 
 Trial by combat. See Wager of battle. 
 
 1S2 
 
Tri-TunJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Trial by jury. See Jury. 
 Trials. [See the Boston Athenaeum cata- 
 logue for- a subdivision of Trials by sub- 
 ject.] See also Actions at law ; Evi- 
 dence ; Jury ; Pleading ; Witnesses. 
 Refer from Actions at law; Crime ; Crimi- 
 nal law ; Jury ; Law ; Murder ; Pleading. 
 Tricycling. See Cycling. 
 Trigonometry. See also Geodesy ; Geome- 
 try ; Logarithms ; Mathematics ; Mensu- 
 ration ; Navigation ; Surveying. 
 Refer from Geometry ; Logarithms ; Math- 
 ematics ; Surveying. 
 Trinity. See also Arianism ; Athanasian 
 creed ; God ; Holy spirit ; Jesus Christ ; 
 Socinianism; Unitarianism. 
 Refer from Arianism ; God ; Holy spirit ; 
 Jesus Christ ; Philosophy ; Socinianism ; 
 Theology; Unitarianism. 
 Triumphal arches. See Arches of triumph. 
 Tropics. 
 
 Refer from Earth ; Geography ; Physical 
 geography. 
 Trotting. See Horse ; Horse-racing. 
 Troubadours. See also Proven9al literature. 
 Refer from Bards ; Minstrels ; Poetry ; 
 Poets. 
 Trouvferes. 
 
 Refer from Bards ; Minstrels ; Poetry ; 
 Poets. 
 Trusses . See also Bridges ; Girders ; Roofs ; 
 Strength of materials. 
 Refer from Architecture ; Bridges ; Gird- 
 ers ; Roofs; Strength of materials. 
 Trustees. 
 
 Refer from Law. 
 Trusts. $ee also Capital ; Monopolies. 
 Refer' from Capital ; Commerce ; Commer- 
 cial law ; Corporations ; Economics ; 
 Monopolies. 
 Truth . See also Axioms ; Belief ; Certainty ; 
 Lying. 
 Refer from Belief; Certainty; Ethics; 
 Faith ; Lying ; Philosophy. 
 Tuberculosis. See Consumption. 
 Tumors. See also Cancer. 
 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of. 
 Tumuli. See Mounds. 
 Tuning. 
 
 Refer from Musical instruments. 
 Tunnels. See also Blasting ; Subways. 
 Refer from Engineering ; Mines and min- 
 ing; Railroads; Subways. 
 
 183 
 
Tur-Uni] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Turbines. See also Water-wheels. 
 Refer from Hydraulic engineering ; Wa- 
 ter-wlieels ; Wiieels. 
 Turning. &«a/jo Woodworlc. 
 Refer from Arts, useful; Cabinet work; 
 Carpentry ; Carving (wood, etc.) ; Lathe ; 
 Machinery ; Woodwork. 
 Twins. 
 
 Refet from Children. 
 Type. See Printing. 
 Typewriting. 
 
 Refer from Writing. 
 Typhoid fever. See also Typhus fever. 
 Refer from Contagion ; Enteric fever ; 
 Fever ; Typhus fever. 
 Typhus fever. See also Typhoid fever. 
 
 Refer from Fever ; Ship-fever ; Typhoid 
 fever. 
 Typography. See Printing. 
 Tyranny. See also Despotism. 
 Refer from Despotism ; Monarchy ; Politi- 
 cal science. 
 Ulcers. See also Suppuration. 
 
 Refer from Suppuration. 
 Ultramontanism. See also Catholic church; 
 Popes ; Vatican council. 
 Refer from Catholic church. 
 Umbrella. 
 
 Refer from Costume. 
 Unbelief. See Skepticism. 
 Understanding. See Intellect ; Psychology. 
 Unitarianism. See also Arianism ; Free re- 
 ligion ; Jesus Christ ; Socinianism ; Trin- 
 ity- 
 Refer from Arianism ; Congregational- 
 ism ; Jesus Christ ; Sects ; Socinianism ; 
 Trinity. 
 United brethren. See Moravians. 
 Units. See also Electric measurement; 
 Weights and measures. 
 Refer from Physics ; Standards ; Weights 
 and measures. 
 Universalism. See also Future life; Future 
 punishment. 
 Refer from Congregationalism ; Future 
 punishment ; .Salvation ; Sects. 
 Universe. See also Astronomy ; Creation ; 
 Earth; Plurality of worlds. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Cosmogony ; Cos- 
 mography ; Cosmology ; Creation ; Phi- 
 losophy ; World. 
 Universities. See Colleges and universities. 
 
 .84 
 
Uni-Vat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 University extension. 
 Refer from Colleges and universities ; Edu- 
 cation. 
 University settlements. See Social settle- 
 ments. 
 Upholstery. See also Furniture ; House deco- 
 ration. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Furniture ; House 
 decoration. 
 Urns. See also Vases. 
 
 Refer from Burial ; Pottery ; Vases. 
 Usages. See Etiquette ; Manners and cus- 
 toms. 
 Useful arts. See Arts, useful; Manufact- 
 ures. 
 Usury. See Interest. 
 Utilitarianism. 
 
 Refer from Ethics ; Philosophy. 
 Utopia. 
 Refer from Political science ; Socialism ; 
 Sociology. 
 Vacations. See also Holidays. 
 
 Refer from. Hfilidays ; 'Hygiene. 
 Vaccination. .?«£ a/w Inoculation ; Smallpox; 
 Varioloid. 
 Refer from Inoculation ; Medicine ; Small- 
 pox ; Varioloid . 
 Vagabonds. See Robbers ; Tramps. 
 Vagrancy. See Poor ; Poor laws ; Tramps. 
 Valdenses. See Waldenses. 
 Valleys. See also Erosion ; Rivers. 
 Refer from Erosion ; Physical geography ; 
 Rivers. 
 Value. See also Cost; Money; Prices. 
 
 Refer from Cost ; Economics ; Prices. 
 Vapor. See Evaporation ; Gases ; Steam. 
 Variation of species. See Evolution ; Species. 
 Variation of the compass. See Compass. 
 Variola. See Smallpox. 
 Varioloid. See also Smallpox; Vaccination. 
 Refer from Medicine, practice of; Small- 
 pox ; Vaccination. 
 Varnishing. See also Japanning; Lacquer; 
 Painting, mechanical. 
 Refer from Japanning ; Painting, mechan- 
 ical. 
 Vases. See also Pottery; Urns. 
 Refer from Amphorae ; Decoration and 
 ornament ; Pottery ; Urns. 
 Vassals. See Feudalism. 
 Vatican. See also Catholic church ; Popes ; 
 Rome. 
 
 i8s 
 
Vat-Vill LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Vatican council. See also Immaculate con- 
 ception; Infallibility; Popes. 
 Refer from Catholic church ; Infallibility; 
 Popes ; Ultramontanism. 
 Vaudois. See Waldenses. 
 Vaulting. See also KxQ!a^%\ Domes. 
 Refer from Arches ; Architecture ; Ma- 
 sonry ; Roofs. 
 Vaults. See Tombs. 
 
 Vegetables. See also Botany ; Cookery ; Gar- 
 dening. 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Botany ; Food ; 
 Gardening ; Market gardening. 
 Vegetarianism. See also Animal food. 
 
 y?^/£r />'<)/'« Animal food ; Diet; Food. 
 Vehicles. See also Ambulances; Carriages; 
 Cars ; Chariots ; Coaching ; Transporta- 
 tion ; Wagons ; Wheels. 
 Refer from Transportation; Wagons. 
 Veins. See also Arteries. 
 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Arteries ; Blood. 
 Velocipedes. See Cycling. 
 Vendors. See Sale. 
 Venesection. See Bloodletting. 
 Ventilation . See also Chimneys ; Heating. 
 Refer from Air ; Architecture ; Chimneys; 
 Domestic economy; Heating; Hygiene; 
 Mines and mining ; Sanitary engineering. 
 Ventriloquism. 
 
 /^«/"^r/>-owz Amusements ; Elocution ;Voice. 
 Versification. See also Metre; Poetry; 
 Prosody; Rhyme. 
 Refer from Authorship ; Metre ; Poetry ; 
 Prosody. 
 Vertebrates. See also Batrachia ; Birds ; 
 Fish ; Mammals ; Reptiles ; Zoology. 
 Refer from Mammals ; Zoology. 
 Vessels. See Navigation ; Ship-building ; 
 
 Ships. 
 Vestments. See Church vestments. 
 Veterinary medicine. See also Cattle ; Do- 
 mestic animals ; Horse. 
 Refer from Cattle ; Domestic animals ; 
 Horse; Medicine. 
 Veto. 
 
 Refer from Political science ; Presidents. 
 Viaducts. See Bridges. 
 Vice. See Crime ; Ethics. 
 Vikings, ^i?^ Northmen. 
 Village communities. See also Local gov- 
 ernment. 
 Refer from Local government ; Political 
 science. 
 
 i86 
 
Vil-Voy] LIST OF' SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Villages. See also Towns. 
 liefer from Local government ; Political 
 science ; Towns. 
 Villas . See Archi lecture , domestic ; Cottages. 
 Vine. See Grape ; Wine. 
 Vines. See Climbing plants ; Gardening ; 
 
 Grape. 
 Violin. 
 
 Refer from Fiddle ; Musical instruments. 
 Virgin Mary. See Mary, virgin. 
 Virtue. See also Chastity ; Ethics. 
 
 Refer from Ethics. 
 Viscera. See also Abdomen ; Intestines ; 
 Kidneys ; Liver. 
 Refer from Abdomen. 
 Vision. See Color sense ; Eye ; Sight. 
 Visions. See Apparitions ; Dreams ; Illu- 
 sions. 
 Vital statistics. See also Census ; Mortality ; 
 Population. 
 Refer from Death rate ; Longevity ; Man ; 
 Statistics. 
 Vivisection. 
 Refer from Anatomy ; Animals, treatment 
 of; Dissection ; Ethics ; Pain. 
 Vocal culture. See Voice. 
 Vocal music. See Church music ; Music ; 
 
 Songs ; Voice. 
 Vocal organs. See Voice. 
 Vocalists. See Singers. 
 Voice. See also Elocution ; Music ; Oratory ; 
 Singing ; Sound ; Speech ; Stammering ; 
 Throat ; Ventriloquism . 
 Refer from Breathing ; Elocution ; Hy- 
 giene; Medicine, practice of; Music; 
 Musical education ; Oratory ; Physiol- 
 ogy ; Singing ; Songs ; Sound ; Speak- 
 ing ; Speech ; Throat ; Vocal culture ; 
 Vocal music ; Vocal organs. 
 Volcanoes. See also Earthquakes. 
 Refer from Earth ; Earthquakes ; Geology ; 
 Mountains ; Physical geography ; Seis- 
 mology. 
 Voltaic cell. See Cell, voltaic. 
 Voltaic electricity. See Electricity. 
 Voting. See Ballot ; Election ; Representa- 
 tion ; Suffrage. 
 Voussoir arches. See Arches. 
 Voyages "and travels. See also Antarctic 
 regions ; Arctic regions ; Discoveries (in 
 geography) ; Explorers ; Geography ; 
 Travel ; Voyages around the world. 
 Refer from Adventure ; Discoveries (in 
 
 187 
 
Voy-Wat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADI?^GS 
 
 geography) ; Explorers ; Geography ; 
 Journeys ; Navigation ; Ocean ; Travel ; 
 Travelers ; Travels. 
 
 Voyages around the world. 
 
 Refer from Circumnavigation ; Voyages 
 and travels. 
 
 Wager of battle. 
 Refer from Battle, wager of; Combat, 
 trial by ; Dueling ; Law ; Trial by com- 
 bat. 
 
 Wagers. See Betting. 
 
 Wages. See also Labor ; Profit-sharing ; 
 Trade-unions. 
 Refer from Compensation ; Economics ; 
 Labor ; Prices. 
 
 Wagons. 5>^ a&o Carriages ; Vehicles. 
 Refer from Vehicles. 
 
 Waldenses. See also Albigenses ; Hugue- 
 nots. 
 Refer from Albigenses ; Church history ; 
 Huguenots ; Reformation ; Sects ; Val- 
 denses ; Vaudois. 
 
 Walking. See also Running. 
 
 Refer from Animal locomotion ; Locomo- 
 tion ; Pedestrianism ; Physical educa- 
 tion ; Running ; Sports. 
 
 Wall decoration. See also Frescoes ; House 
 painting ; Mosaics ; Paper-hanging ; 
 Plastering ; Tapestry. 
 Refer from Decoration and ornament ; 
 Frescoes ; House decoration ; Mural dec- 
 oration ; Painting; Walls. 
 
 Walls. See also Foundations; Masonry; 
 Wall decoration. 
 Refer from Architecture; Engineering; 
 Foundations ; Masonry. 
 
 War. See Battles ; International law ; Mar- 
 tial law ; Military art and science ; Naval 
 art and science ; Peace. 
 
 War poetry. 
 
 Refer from Poetry. 
 
 Wards. See Guardians. 
 
 Warming. See Heating. 
 
 Warnings. See Omens. 
 
 Washing. See Laundry. 
 
 Watches. See Clocks and watches. 
 
 Water . See also Baths and bathing; Dew; 
 Erosion ; Fog ; Frost ; Glaciers ; Hail ; 
 Heating ; Hydraulic engineering ; Ice ; 
 Lakes ; Meteorology ; Ocean ; Physical 
 geography ; Ponds ; Rain ; Rivers ; Snow ; 
 Springs ; Steam ; Swimming ; Water- 
 
 i88 
 
Wat-Wei] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 supply ; Waterfalls ; Waterspouts ; 
 Waves. 
 Refer from Beverages; Hydraulic en- 
 gineering ; Ice ; Ocean ; Physical geogra- 
 phy ; Physics ; Snow ; Water-supply. 
 Water-color painting. See also Painting. 
 
 Refer from Painting. 
 Water-cure. See Hydropathy. 
 Water-power. See Hydraulic engineering. 
 Water-supply. See also Aqueducts ; Arte- 
 sian wells ; Canals ; Fountains ; Hy- 
 draulic engineering ; Irrigation ; Plumb- 
 ing ; Pumps ; Reservoirs ; Water ; Wells. 
 liefer from Engineering ; Hydraulic en- 
 gineering; Reservoirs; Sanitary en- 
 gineering ; Water ; Waterworks. 
 Water-wheels. See also Turbines. 
 
 Refer from Hydraulic engineering; Ma- 
 chinery; Motors; Turbines; Wheels. 
 Waterfalls. 
 Refer from Cataracts ; Falls ; Physical 
 geography ; Water. 
 Waterspouts. 
 Refer from Meteorology ; Physical geog- 
 raphy ; Water. 
 Waterworks . See Water-supply. 
 Waves. See also Electric waves. 
 
 Refer from Ocean ; Physical geography ; 
 Water. 
 Wax. 
 
 Refer from Bees. 
 Wax flowers. 
 
 Refer from Artificial flowers ; Flowers. 
 Wealth. See also Banks and banking; 
 Business ; Capital ; Economics ; Finance ; 
 Labor ; Luxury ; Money ; Success. 
 Refer frojn Economics ; Finance ; Luxury ; 
 Money; Property; Riches. 
 Weapons. See Arms and armor ; Firearms ; 
 
 Sword. 
 Weather. See also Climate ; Meteorology ; 
 Storms ; Winds. 
 Refer from Climate ; Meteorology. 
 Weaving. See also Carpe^s ; Lace ; Textile 
 fabrics . 
 Refer fro;n Arts, useful ; Carpets ; Cot- 
 ton ; Textile fabrics. 
 Weddings. See Marriage. 
 Weeds. 
 Refer from Agricultural pests ; Botany ; 
 Gardening. 
 Weights and measures. See also Arithme- 
 tic ; Decimal system ; Electric measure- 
 
 I So 
 
Wei-Win] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 ment ; Gaging ; Gravitation ; Mensura- 
 tion ; Metric system ; Specific gravity ; 
 Units. 
 Refer from Cambistry ; Decimal system ; 
 Gravitation ; Measures ; Mensuration ; 
 Metric system ; Metrology ; Science ; 
 Specific gravity ; Standards ; Units. 
 iVells. See also Artesian wells ; Boring. 
 Refer from Artesian wells ; Engineering ; 
 Hydraulic engineering ; Water-supply. 
 Werwolves. 
 
 Refer from Lycanthropy ; Superstition. 
 Wesleyans. .S^g Methodist episcopal church. 
 Wharves. See also Docks. 
 
 Refer from Docks ; Harbors. 
 Wheat. See also Flour ; Grain. 
 
 Refer from Agriculture ; Grain. 
 Wheeling. See Cycling. 
 Wheels. See also Carriages ; Machinery ; 
 Turbines; Water-wheels. 
 Refer from Carriages ; Machinery ; Vehi- 
 cles. 
 Whigs. See also England, Politics; U. S., 
 Politics. 
 Refer from Parties. 
 Whipping. See Corporal punishment ; Flog- 
 ging- 
 Whirlwinds. See Storms. 
 Whist. 
 
 Refer from Cards ; Games. 
 Widows. See also Wives. 
 
 Refer from Family ; Wives ; Woman. 
 Wife. See Wives. 
 
 Will. See also Ethics ; Liberty of the 
 will ; Psychology. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Liberty of the will ; 
 Philosophy ; Psychology. 
 Wills. See also Administrators and execu 
 tors; Guardians; Inheritance; Legacies 
 Refer from Administrators and execu- 
 tors ; Inheritance ; Law ; Probate ; Prop- 
 erty ; Surrogate law. 
 Wind. 5« Winds. 
 Windmills. 
 
 Refer from Machinery ; Motors. 
 Window-gardening. See also Floriculture. 
 Refer from Floriculture ; Flowers ; Gar- 
 dening ; Windows. 
 Windows. See also Glass; Glass-painting; 
 Window-gardening. 
 Refer from Architecture 
 
 190 
 
Vi.:n-Wora] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Winds. See also Meteorology ; Storms. 
 Refer from Currents ; Meteorology ; 
 Storms ; Weather ; Wind. 
 Wine. See also Alcohol ; Grape ; Liquors ; 
 Temperance. 
 Refer from '.GrK^t; Liquors'; -Temper- 
 ance ; Vine. 
 Wings. See also Flight. 
 
 Refer from Animal locomotion ; Birds ; 
 Flight ; Zoology. 
 Winter. 
 
 Refer from Seasons. 
 Wire. See also Cables ; Electric wires. 
 
 Refer from Cables ; Metals ; Rope. 
 Wit and humor. See also Anecdotes ; Cari- 
 cature ; Epigrams ; Fools ; Laughter ; 
 Parody ;■ Satire ; Table-talk. 
 Refer frotn Caricature ; Comic litera- 
 ture ; Facetize ; Humor ; Jests ; Jokes ; 
 Laughter; Literature; Poetry; Satire. 
 Witchcraft. See also Charms ; Demonol- 
 ogy ; Occult sciences ; Superstition. 
 Refer from Black art ; Charms ; Church 
 history ; Conjuring ; Delusions ; Demon- 
 ology ; Exorcism ; Magic ; Necromancy ; 
 Occult sciences ; Persecution ; Sorcery ; 
 Spirits; Superstition. 
 Witnesses. See also Evidence. 
 
 Refer from Law ; Trials. 
 Wives. See also Family ; Husbands ; Mar- 
 riage ; Mothers ; Widows ; Woman. 
 Refer from Family ; Husbands ; Mar- 
 riage ; Widows ; Wife ; Woman. 
 ,,-- Woman. See also Actresses ; Amazons ; 
 Beauty, personal; Celibacy; Chastity; 
 Children ; Convents ; Costume ; Deacon- 
 esses ; Domestic economy ; Etiquette ; 
 Family ; Fancy work ; Girls ; Home ; 
 Love ; Marriage ; Mothers ; Needlework ; 
 Nuns ; Nurses and nursing ; Prosti- 
 tution ; Queens; Sex; Singers; Sister- 
 hoods ; Widows ; Wives ; Woman suf- 
 rage ; Young women. 
 Refer from Anthropology; Biography; 
 Emancipation ; Ethics ; Family ; Fe- 
 male ; Girls ; Home ; Labor ; Ladies ; 
 Man ; Marriage ; Rights of women ; 
 Sociology ; Wives ; Young women. 
 Woman, Diseases. See also Hysteria ; 
 Medicine ; and the references under that 
 head. 
 Refer from Gynecology ; Hygiene ; Medi- 
 cine ; Medicine, practice of; Physiology. 
 
 191 
 
Wom-Wor| LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Woman, Education. 
 
 Refer from Coeducation ; Colleges and 
 universities ; Education. 
 Woman, Law. See also Divorce; Infanti- 
 cide ; Marriage ; Prostitution ; Woman 
 suffrage. 
 Refer from Crime ; Criminal law ; Law. 
 Woman suffrage. 
 Refer from Suffrage ; Woman ; Woman, 
 Law. 
 Wood. See also Forestry; Timber; Trees. 
 Refer from Building materials ; Timber ; 
 Woods. 
 Wood-carving. See also Carving ; Decora- 
 tion and ornament ; Furniture ; Sloyd. 
 Refer from Carving (wood, etc.) ; Deco- 
 ration and ornament ; Fret cutting ; 
 Furniture ; Manual training ; Sloyd ; 
 Woodwork. 
 Wood-engraving. 
 
 Refer from Engraving; Woodcuts. 
 Woodcuts. See Wood-engraving. 
 Woods. See Forestry ; Wood. 
 Woodwork. See also Cabinet work ; Car- 
 pentry ; Turning ; Wood-carving. 
 Refer from Arts, useful ; Carpentry ; 
 Manufactures ; Turning. 
 Wool. See also Dyeing; Sheep; Textile 
 fabrics ; Worsted ; Yarn. 
 Refer frotn Agriculture; Fibres; Sheep; 
 Textile fabrics; Worsted; Yarn. 
 Word§. See also Etymology; Grammar; 
 Language ; Pronunciation ; Rhetoric ; 
 Spelling'; Synonym* also 'nkmes of 
 languages. • * "* 
 
 Refer from Etymology^ Language; ' 
 Work. See Labor. 
 Workhou.ses. See Almshouses. 
 Working-classes. See Labor. 
 World. See Earth ; Universe. 
 Worlds, plurality of. See Plurality of worlds. 
 World's fairs. See Exhibitions. 
 Worms. See also Parasites. 
 
 Refer from Invertebrates ; Zoology. 
 Worship. See also Ancestor-worship ; Ani- 
 mals, worship of; Church music; Devo- 
 tional exercises ; Fetishism ; Fire-wor- 
 shipers ; Hymns ; Idolatry ; Litanies ; 
 Liturgies ; Prayer ; Prayers ; Responsive 
 worship ; Rites and ceremonies ; Ritual- 
 ism ; Sacraments ; Sacrifice ; Serpent- 
 worship ; Totems ; Tree-worship. 
 Refer from Church polity ; Devotion ; De- 
 
 19;^ 
 
W^or-You] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 votional exercises ; Prayer ; Religion ; 
 Religious services : Rites and cere- 
 monies ; Ritualism ; T!ieoloo;y. 
 
 Worsted. See also Sheep ; Textile fabrics ; 
 Wool ; Yarn. 
 Refer from Textile fabrics ; Wool ; Yarn. 
 
 Wounds. See also Surgery. 
 
 Refer from Military surgery ; Naval sur- 
 gery ; Surgery. 
 
 Wrecks. See Shipwrecks. 
 
 Writers, i"^^ Authors. 
 
 Writing. See also Abbreviations ; Alpha- 
 bet ; Authorship ; Cipher ; Cuneiform 
 writing; Hieroglyphics; Ink; Inscrip- 
 tions; Letter-writing; Manuscripts; Pa-' 
 per ; Penmanship ; Rhetoric ; Shorthand ; 
 Typewriting. 
 Refer from Alphabet ; Books and reading ; 
 Diplomatics ; Epigraphy ; Inscriptions -, 
 Language ; Manuscripts ; Paleography ; 
 Penmanship ; Shorthand. 
 
 Wrongs. See Torts. 
 
 X rays. Refer from Cathode rays ; Electric- 
 ity ; Light ; Photography ; Roentgen 
 rays. 
 
 Xylography. See Block-books. 
 
 yachting. See also Boating; Navigation; 
 Sailing. 
 Refer from Boating ; Locomotion ; Navi- 
 gation ; Sailing ; Ship-building ; Ships ; 
 Sports. 
 
 Farn. See also Cotton ; Flax ; Hemp ; Silk ; 
 Spinning; Textile fabrics; Wool; 
 Worsted. 
 Refer from Spinning ; Textile fabrics ; 
 Wool ; Worsted. 
 
 Year. See also Calendar; Chronology; 
 Months ; Seasons. 
 Refer from Calendar ; Chronology j 
 Months. 
 
 Year-books. See also Almanacs ; Annuals ; 
 Calendars. 
 Refer from Almanacs ; Annuals ; Calen- 
 dars ; Registers ; Statistics. 
 
 Yellow fever. 
 Refer from Contagion ; Epidemics ; Fe- 
 ver. 
 
 Young men. See also Boys ; Conduct of 
 life ; Self-culture ; Success ; Young peo- 
 ple. 
 Refer from Boys ; Ethics ; Y'oung people. 
 
 Young people. See also Boys ; Children ■ 
 
 '93 
 
Von-Zoo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 Education ; Girls ; Young men ; Young 
 women. 
 Refer from Conduct of life ; Education ; 
 Ethics ; Young men ; Young women. 
 
 Young women. See also Conduct of life •, 
 • Girls ; Self-culture ; Woman ; Young 
 people. 
 Refer from Ethics ; Girls ; Woman ; 
 Young people. 
 
 Zodiac. 
 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Stars. 
 
 Zodiacal light. 
 Refer from Astronomy ; Light. 
 
 Zoological gardens. See Menageries. 
 
 Zoological mythology. See Animals, legends 
 and stories of; Animals, worship of. 
 
 Zoology. See also Alpine zoology ; Anat- 
 omy ; Animal electricity ; Animal heat ; 
 Animal locomotion ; Animal psychology ; 
 Animalcules ; Apes ; Aquarium ; Batra- 
 chia ; Biology ; Birds ; Cells ; Color of 
 animals ; Crustacea ; Domestic animals ; 
 Domestication ; Embryology ; Evolution ; 
 Fish ; Game ; Geographical distribution ; 
 Gorilla; Heredity; Insects; Instinct; 
 Invertebrates ; Mammals ; Man ; Marine 
 zoology ; Menageries ; Microscope ; Mol- 
 lusks ; Monkeys ; Monsters ; Natural his- 
 tory ; Nests ; Paleontology ; Parasites ; 
 Phosphorescence ; Physiology ; Quad- 
 rupeds ; Reptiles ; Seal ; Species ; Taxi- 
 dermy ; Vertebrates ; Wings ; Worms. 
 Refer from Animal kingdom ; Animals ; 
 Beasts ; Biology ; Brutes ; Domestic ani- 
 mals ; Fauna; Invertebrates; Mammals; 
 Natural history; Quadrupeds; Science ,- 
 Vertebrates. 
 
 194 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 A. Some hints on subject cataloging in dictionary style, by C. A. Cutter- 
 
 B. Subheads under Countries and States. 
 
 C. Subheads under Cities. 
 
 D. Subheads under Bible. 
 
 E. Subheads under Shakespeare. 
 
 F. Subheads under Languages. 
 
 G. Country and language divisions of the forms of Literature. 
 
 I9S 
 
SOME HINTS ON SUBJECT CATALOGING IN 
 DICTIONARY STYLE. 
 
 By C. a. Cutter. 
 
 EVERY hook should be entered under the word that most closely expresses its 
 main subject. This designation should he as exact as possible, neitlier too 
 restricted, for then part of the book's contents will be wasted, nor too general, 
 because it is not the purpose to make a classed catalog. 
 
 Do not enter under the specific subject and under the including class also. 
 Tnis will only make of the dictionary catalog an incomplete and unsatisfactory 
 classed catalog. [Cutter's Rules, § 93. J 
 
 If a book has two, three, or more subjects it must be put under as many head- 
 ings. But before making more than one entry one should always consider whether 
 there is not some word that includes all of them ; if there is, that word is the proper 
 heading. Thus instead of putting "Gesture and expression; suggestions for 
 speakers" under both Expression and Gesture it should be entered under Elocution. 
 Green's " Plants and animals" should not be entered under both Botany and Zool- 
 ogy but under Natural history. Sometimes only part of the subjects can be thus 
 combined. In such cases the others must receive their individual entry. [Cutter's 
 Rules, §§ 109, 1 10. J 
 
 Some books are polytopical which do not appear to be so at first glance. 
 "Travels in Armenia and China" every one would put under each country; 
 " Plato's doctrine of painting," by Sartorius, has equally two subjects, Plato and 
 Painting, and should be entered under each. [Cutter's Rules, §§ 109, no. J 
 
 If two subjects are frequently conjoined in books so that the same titles would 
 appear under both headings, a saving mav be made when one comes to print, by 
 substituting a reference in one of the pi.ices. Many books, for example, treat of 
 the United States and Canada. A C madian library would put all of these under 
 Canada, a United States library under United States, with a general I'eference 
 imder the other heading. But in a card catalog, where it is irksome to turn from 
 one part to another, one ventures on such saving much less often. 
 
 Not infrequently it is worth while to enter under a separate heading a subject 
 which fills only a volume, a chapter, or an appendix. But the cataloger must be 
 careful not to push this analytical work too far. He is not making an index but 
 a catalog. A library with few books needs to bring out its hidden treasures in this 
 way more than one which has whole works on the various subjects. But it must 
 
 197 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 be remembered that a reference in Mr. Fletcher's "A. L. A. index" will often 
 serve about as well as an entry in one's own catalog, just as Poole's "Index to 
 periodical literature " makes it wrong to write analyticals for any of the magazines 
 indexed therein. [Cutter's Rules, §§ 125-128. j 
 
 Do not, at first, make very minute subdivisions under countries, but as the 
 number of titles increases break them up more and more into groups. Other com- 
 prehensive subjects, such as Law, Philosophy, Religion, may have subdivisions if 
 made necessary by a large number of cards. The subheads appropriate under every 
 subject are Bibliography, Dictionaries, History, Periodicals. [Cutter's Rules, 
 § 255, last three paragraphs of fine print. See also Appendixes B-F.] 
 
 It will not do to trust the title-page alone in assigning subject headings. Titles 
 are often misleading. Examine the table of contents and turn over the pages; in 
 many cases one must read a part of the work before one knows just what its subject is. 
 
 For fuller discussion see Cutter's Rules for a dictionary catalog, third edition, 
 pages 45-59. 
 
 B. 
 
 COUNTRIES AND STATES. 
 
 I. A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 BASED ON THE 1 893 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON AN INDEX TO SUBJECT HEADINGS, 
 
 LIBRARY JOURNAL, l8:C8o. 
 
 Publications of the Government. 
 
 1 hese may be arranged before books about 
 
 the country, as in the fuller scheme below, 
 
 or the different departments, etc., may be 
 
 arranged in the same alphabet as the subjects. 
 
 ' Example : 
 
 Education. 
 Education bureau. 
 Finance. 
 
 Geological survey. 
 Geology. 
 A full list of departments, bureaus, etc., of 
 the United States government is given at the 
 end of the Catalog of the public documents 
 of the 53d Congress, Washington, 1896. 
 
 Works about a Country or State. 
 
 General and miscellaneous. [This heading 
 
 need not be written on the cards.] 
 * Agriculture. 
 Antiquities. 
 
 Army and navy [under states use Militia] . 
 Bibliography. 
 
 * Many catalogers prefer to enter books on an art or science under the art or science, subdivided by country 
 Sf necessary. 
 
 Biography. 
 
 Church history. 
 
 Colonies. 
 
 Commerce and industries. 
 
 Constitution. 
 
 Description and travel. 
 
 Directories. 
 
 * Education. 
 Finance. 
 *Fine arts. 
 
 Foreign relations, Treaties. 
 
 * Geology [including physical geography and 
 
 paleontology] . 
 
 * Heraldry. 
 
 History [subdivided by periods when neces- 
 sary] . 
 
 Laboring classes. 
 
 Law. 
 
 Literature. See adjective form of literature 
 name ; i.e. (under France) See French 
 literature. [Consult Appendix G.] 
 
 Manners and customs. 
 
 * Natural history. 
 
 198 
 
COUNTRIES AND STATES 
 
 Politics and government. 
 
 Religion. 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 Surveys. 
 
 If a book cannot properly be entered un- 
 
 der either of the above subheads the proper 
 heading may be selected from the fuller 
 scheme given below. Small libraries are ad- 
 vised not to multiply subdivisions until needed , 
 as too many subheads are confusing. 
 
 2. A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 AS USED IN THE CARD CATALOG OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 [Printed by permission of the library.] 
 
 Publications of the Government in its Dif- 
 ferent Departments. 
 
 Constitution. 
 
 Constitution, works about. 
 
 Executive government (as President, Gov- 
 ernor, etc.). 
 
 Legislative government (as Congress, Gen- 
 eral court, Assembly, etc., with divi- 
 sions : Acts, laws ; Journals ; Reports^ 
 etc.). 
 
 Ministers or departments (arranged alpha- 
 betically) . 
 
 Works about a Country or 
 
 State. 
 
 ious. 
 
 Agriculture. 
 
 
 Ecclesiastical institutions. See I 
 
 Annexations. 
 
 
 institutions. 
 
 Antiquities. 
 
 
 Education. 
 
 Architecture. See Fine arts. 
 
 
 Elections. 
 
 Archives. 
 
 
 Emigration and immigration. 
 
 Army and navy. 
 
 
 Entomology. 
 
 Asylums. See Hospitals. 
 
 
 Epidemics. 
 
 Banks. 
 
 
 Ethnology. 
 
 Bibliography. See also Literature, division 
 
 Exhibitions of industry and art. 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 
 Finance. 
 
 Biography and genealogy. 
 
 
 Currency question. 
 
 Botany. 
 
 
 Fine arts. 
 
 Boundaries. 
 
 
 General works. Painting. 
 
 Business associations. 
 
 
 Architecture. Sculpture 
 
 Canals. See Railroads. 
 
 
 Music. 
 
 Capital and capitol. 
 
 
 Fisheries. 
 
 Census. 
 
 
 Folk-lore. 
 
 Charities. 
 
 
 Folk-songs. 
 
 Chronology. 
 
 
 Foreign relations. 
 
 Civil and political institutions. 
 
 etc. See 
 
 Treaties. 
 
 Political history and aftairs. 
 
 
 Forestry. 
 
 Civil service. 
 
 
 Fortifications. 
 
 Civilization. 
 
 
 Galleries and museums. 
 
 Climate. See Meteorology. 
 
 
 Gazetteers. See Geography. 
 
 Coats of arms and seals. 
 Coinage. See Numismatics. 
 Colonies. 
 Commerce. 
 
 Conchology. See Malacolog}'. 
 Conventions and public meetings. 
 Costume. 
 
 Crime. See Prisons. 
 Customs. See Manners and custom. , 
 Description, travel. See Geography- 
 Dialects. See Language. 
 Dictionaries. See Language. 
 Directories (including registers of pubslo 
 
 officials). 
 Drama (including stage) . 
 Ecclesiastical history. See History, relig- 
 
 Religious 
 
 199 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 G;:nealogy. See Biography. 
 
 Geodesy. 
 
 Geography, description and travel. 
 
 General works. Maps. 
 
 Gazetteers. Views. 
 
 Guide boolis. 
 Geology, physical geography and jDaleontol- 
 
 ogy- 
 Gramnnar. See Language. 
 Harbors. 
 Health resorts. 
 
 Heraldic and social distinctions. 
 Herpetology. 
 History. 
 
 General works. 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 By reigns, administrations, etc. 
 
 Comprehensive works. 
 
 Early periods. 
 
 Historical fiction. 
 
 Local history. 
 
 Military history. See also Militia 
 (under states). 
 
 Naval history. 
 
 Personal narratives (in histories of the 
 American civil war). 
 
 Political history. See Political history 
 (below). 
 
 Religious and ecclesiastical history. 
 Hospitals and asylums. 
 Ichthyology. 
 
 Immigration. See Emigration. 
 Indians. (For states.) 
 Indians of the U. S. See Indians of 
 
 America. 
 Internal improvements. See Public works. 
 Internal revenue. See Revenue. 
 Jurisprudence. 
 Laboring classes. 
 Land question. 
 Language. 
 
 General works. 
 
 Conversation and phrase books. 
 
 Dialects. 
 
 Dictionaries. 
 
 Grammar. 
 
 General works. 
 Pronunciation. 
 Prosody. 
 Syntax. 
 
 Reading books. 
 
 Rhymes. 
 
 Spelling. 
 
 Works in the language. 
 
 Libraries. 
 
 Literary and scientific institutions. 
 
 Literature. 
 
 General works. 
 
 Bibliography. See also Bibiiography. 
 
 Collections. 
 
 Criticism. 
 
 History. 
 
 Poetry. 
 
 Poetry, coUectioas. 
 Malacology. 
 Manners and customs. 
 Manufactures. 
 
 Medicine (including diseases). 
 Meteorology and climatology. 
 Military history. See History, military ; for 
 
 states, see also Militia. 
 Militia. (For states.) 
 Mineralogy. 
 Mines and mining. 
 Missions. 
 
 Music. See Fine arts. 
 Mythology. 
 Natural history. 
 
 Naval history. See History, navai. 
 Navy. See Army and navy. 
 Newspapers. 
 Numismatics. 
 Ornithology. 
 Painting. See Fine arts. 
 Paleontology. See Geolog" 
 Patents. 
 Periodicals. 
 Philosophy. 
 
 Physical geography. See Geology. 
 Poetry. See Literature. 
 Police. 
 
 Political economy. 
 Political history and affairs. 
 Pomology. 
 Poor, the. 
 
 Population. See also Census. 
 Printing. 
 
 Prisons (including Crime). 
 Public lands. 
 Public works. 
 Railroads, canals, e'; 
 Reading books. See Language. 
 Reformatory institutions. Sec Prisons. 
 Registers of public officials. Sec Directories 
 Religious and ecclesiastical institutions. 
 Revenue. 
 
 Revenue, internai. 
 Revenue, surplus. 
 
CITIES 
 
 Rhymes., See Language. 
 Rivers. 
 Roads. 
 
 Sanitary affairs. 
 
 Scientific institutions. See Literary and sci- 
 entific institutions. 
 Sculpture. See Fine arts. 
 Slavery question. 
 Social science. 
 Sports and sporting. 
 Statistics. 
 
 Surplus. See Revenue. 
 
 Surveys. 
 
 Tariff. 
 
 Taxation. 
 
 Towns. 
 
 Travel. See Ge-ngraphy. 
 
 Treaties. See Foreign relations. 
 
 Water power. 
 
 Water supply. 
 
 Weights and measures. 
 
 Zoology. 
 
 c. 
 
 CITIES. 
 
 I. A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 BASED ON THE 1 893 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON AN INDEX TO SUBJECT HEADINGS, 
 
 LIBRARY JOURNAL, l8:C8o. 
 
 Publications of a City. 
 
 These may be arranged before books about 
 the city as in the fiiUer scheme below, or the 
 different departments may be arranged in the 
 same alphabet as the subj'ects. 
 Example : 
 
 Finance. 
 
 Fire department. 
 
 Health board. 
 
 History. 
 
 Manners and customs. 
 
 Mayor. 
 
 Works about a City. 
 
 General and miscellaneous. [This heading 
 need not be written on the cards.] 
 
 Antiquities. 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 Biography. 
 
 Charitable institutions. 
 
 .Churches and religious instituiions. 
 
 Description. 
 
 Directories. 
 
 Education. 
 
 Finance. 
 
 Fine arts. 
 
 History. 
 
 Manners and customs. 
 
 Politics and government. 
 
 Public works. 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 2. A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 AS USED IN THE CARD CATALOG OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 [Printed by permission of the library.] 
 
 There are two divisions and two alphabets 
 in the card catalog under Cities : 
 
 I . The publications of a city, arranged 
 alphabetically by the names of the depart- 
 ments. 2. Books, etc., about a city, ar- 
 ranged alphabetically by subjects, as Antiq- 
 uities, Description, History, Parks. 
 
 Charters. 
 Mayor. 
 City council. 
 Board of aldermen. 
 Common council. 
 
 Departments, arranged alphabetically, and 
 varying with each city. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 2. 
 
 Annexations. 
 
 Antiquities. 
 
 Banks. 
 
 Benevolent institutions. See Cliaritable in- 
 stitutions. 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 Biography and genealogy. 
 
 Botany. 
 
 Boundaries. 
 
 Bridges. 
 
 Business associations, etc. 
 
 Cemeteries. 
 
 Census. 
 
 Centennial celebrations, etc. 
 
 Charitable institutions and affairs. 
 
 Churches. See also Religious institutions. 
 
 Clubs. 
 
 Commerce. See Business. 
 
 Commercial institutions. See Business asso- 
 ciations. 
 
 Conventions and public meetings. 
 
 Courts. 
 
 Custom-house. 
 
 Description, topography, etc. 
 General works. 
 Guide books. 
 Manners and customs. 
 Maps. 
 Views. 
 
 Directories (including Registers of public 
 officials) . 
 
 Ecclesiastical institutions. See Churches ; 
 Religious institutions . 
 
 Education. 
 
 (General works on the educational insti- 
 tutions and advantages of a city. 
 Official publications, as those by the 
 School committee, etc., are placed in 
 division one. Departments — Public 
 schools, and School committee.) 
 
 Elections. 
 
 Epidemics. 
 
 Exhibitions of industry and art. 
 
 Fairs. 
 
 Ferries. 
 
 Finance. 
 
 Financial institutions. See Banks ; Busi- 
 ness associations. 
 
 Fine arts. 
 
 Fires. 
 
 Fortifications. 
 
 Fourth of July celebrations and orations. 
 
 Galleries, museums, etc. 
 
 See Biography. 
 
 Description, division 
 
 Genealogy. 
 
 Geology. 
 
 Guide books. See 
 Guide books. 
 
 Guilds. 
 
 Harbor. 
 
 History. 
 
 Hospitals. 
 
 Hotels, taverns, etc. 
 
 Labor and laboring classes. 
 
 Libraries . 
 
 (Works about the libraries of a city. 
 Libraries belonging to a city are in- 
 cluded in the first division, as a depart- 
 ment of the city.) 
 
 Literary and scientific institutions, etc. 
 
 Manners and customs. See Description. 
 
 Manufactures. 
 
 Maps. See Description. 
 
 Markets. 
 
 Monuments. 
 
 Museums. See Galleries. 
 
 Musical organizations. (To be found 
 under their corporate names, as Apollo 
 club.) 
 
 Parks. 
 
 Paving. See Streets. 
 
 Police. 
 
 Political organizations and affairs. 
 
 Poor, the. 
 
 Post-office. 
 
 Printing. 
 
 Prisons and reformatory institutions. 
 
 Public buildings. 
 
 Public meetings. See Conventions. 
 
 Public schools. See references under Edu- 
 cation. 
 
 Railroads. 
 
 Registers of public officials. See Direc- 
 tories. 
 
 Religious institutions and affairs. 
 
 Riots. 
 
 Sanitary affairs. 
 
 Schools. See Education. 
 
 Scientific institutions. See Literary insti- 
 tutions. 
 
 Sewerage. 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 Streets. 
 
 Suits at law, plaintiff or defendant. 
 
 Taxation. 
 
 Theatres. 
 
 Topography. See Description. 
 
 Views. See Description. 
 
BIBLE 
 
 Vital statistics. See Statistics. 
 
 Voters. 
 
 Voting precincts. 
 
 Wards. 
 
 Water supply. 
 
 Wharves. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 D. 
 
 BIBLE. 
 
 A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 Whole Bible. 
 
 Text of the whole Bible. 
 Works about the whole Bible. 
 
 General and miscellaneous. [This head- 
 ing need not be written on the cards.] 
 
 Concordances. 
 
 Dictionaries. 
 
 Old Testament. 
 Text. 
 
 Works about the Old Testament. 
 Collections of books, such as 
 
 Pentateuch, 
 
 Historical books, etc. 
 
 Single books [arranged in the same order as 
 in the Bible. Works about a book fol- 
 low its text] . 
 
 Apocrypha. 
 
 New Testament. 
 
 Text. 
 
 Works about the New Testament. 
 
 Collections of books, such as 
 Gospels, 
 Epistles, etc. 
 
 Single books [arranged in the same order as 
 in the Bible. Works about a book fol- 
 low its text] . 
 
 Apocryphal New Testament. 
 
 2. A FULLER SCHE.ME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 [Printed, with additions, by permission of the New York State Library School.] 
 
 Whole Bible. 
 
 Bible treated as an author, i. e., original text. 
 Polyglots. 
 
 English, with and without commen- 
 taries, chronologically arranged. 
 
 In other languages, alphabetically as to 
 names of languages. 
 
 Selections. 
 
 Bible treated as a subject, i. e., works about 
 the Bible. 
 Antiquities. 
 
 Bibliography and literary history. 
 Biography. 
 Canon. 
 Chronology. 
 
 Commentaries without text. 
 Concordances. 
 
 Criticism, interpretation, etc. 
 Dictionaries. 
 Evidences, authority, etc. 
 
 See Criticism, interpre- 
 
 Geography. 
 Hermeneutics. 
 
 tation, etc. 
 History of biblical events. 
 Illustrative works. See Miscellaneous. 
 Inspiration. 
 Introductions. 
 Language, style. 
 Paraphrases. 
 Questions. See Sunday School question 
 
 books (under Sunday) . 
 Revision. 
 Science. 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Old Testament. 
 Text. 
 
 Works about the Old Testament. 
 Collections of books, such as 
 
 Octateuch, 
 
 Pentateuch, etc. 
 
 203 
 
Ai'PENDIX 
 
 Single books. [Arrange text of each book 
 alphabetically by language. Works 
 about a book follow its text.] 
 
 Genesis. 
 
 Exodus. 
 
 Leviticus. 
 
 Numbers. 
 
 Deuteronomy. 
 
 Joshua. 
 
 Judges. 
 
 Ruth. 
 
 Samuel, 1,2. 
 
 Kings, 1,2. 
 
 Chronicles, i, 
 
 Ezra. 
 
 Nehemiah. 
 
 Esther. 
 
 Job. 
 
 Psalms. 
 
 Proverbs. 
 
 Ecclesiastes. 
 
 Apocrypha 
 
 Song of Solomon. 
 
 Isaiah. 
 
 Jeremiah. 
 
 Lamentations. 
 
 Ezekiel. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 Hosea. 
 
 Joel. 
 
 Amos. 
 
 Obadiah. 
 , 2, Jonah. 
 
 Micah. 
 
 Nahum. 
 
 Habakkuk. 
 
 Zephaniah. 
 
 Haggai. 
 
 Zechariah. 
 
 Malachi. 
 collections of books. 
 
 Single books. 
 Esdras. 
 Tobit. 
 Judith. 
 
 Wisdom of Solo- 
 mon. 
 
 Ecclesiasticus. 
 
 Baruch. 
 
 Song of the three 
 
 children. 
 Susanna. 
 
 Bel and the Dragon. 
 
 Prayer of Manasses . Maccabees, 1,2,3,4. 
 Other Apocryphal books in alphabetic order, 
 as: Adam, Enoch, Jasher. 
 
 New Testament. 
 Text. 
 
 Works about the New Testament. 
 Collections of books, such as : 
 Gospels, 
 
 Epistles, 
 Single books. 
 Matthew. 
 Mark. 
 Luke. 
 John. 
 Acts. 
 Romans. 
 Corinthians, i , 2 
 Galatians. 
 Ephesians. 
 Philippians. 
 Colossians. 
 
 Harmonies , 
 etc. 
 \_See note under O. T.] 
 
 Thessalonians, i, 2. 
 
 Timothy, 1,2. 
 
 Titus. 
 
 Philemon. 
 
 Hebrews. 
 
 James. 
 
 Peter, 1,2. 
 
 John, I, 2, 3. 
 
 Jude. 
 
 Revelation. 
 
 Apocryphal New Testament. 
 Collections. 
 Single books. 
 
 E. 
 
 SHAKESPEARE. 
 
 A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 Shakespeare's Works. 
 
 Collected works. 
 
 Poetic works. 
 
 Selections. 
 
 Quotations. 
 
 Single plays. [Arrange alphabetically by title, 
 
 with illustrative works following each.] 
 Single poems. [Arrange alphabetically, etc.] 
 
 Works about Shakespeare. 
 
 General and miscellaneous. [This heading 
 
 need not be written on the cards.] 
 Authorship. 
 Bibliography. 
 Biography. 
 Concordances- 
 Dictionaries. 
 
LANGUAGES 
 
 2. A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 Prcpaicd for the New Yorlc State Library School, by Edith Davenport Fuller.] 
 
 [Biography includes Portraits, and various 
 
 Shakespeare's Works. 
 
 Collected works and collected plays. [Ar- 
 range chronologically by imprint.] 
 
 Single plays. [Arrange plays alphabetically 
 by title, with their illustrative works fol- 
 lowing each. Editions of each play are 
 arranged chronologically by imprint, fol- 
 lowed by their illustrative works arranged 
 alphabetically by author.] 
 
 Poetic works. [Arrange chronologically by 
 imprint, with criticisms, etc., following.] 
 
 Single poems. \_See note under Single plays.] 
 
 Selections. [Arrange alphabetically by com- 
 piler.] 
 
 Quotations. 
 
 Shakespeare's will. 
 
 Spurious and doubtful works. 
 
 Translations. [These are better arranged 
 with the Enghsh editions. If by them- 
 selves they will come after Spurious and 
 doubtful works.] 
 
 Works about Shakespeare. 
 
 Authorship. 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 Biography and general criticism. 
 
 personal questions as Autograph, House, 
 Name, etc. Criticism includes Com- 
 mentaries without text. The criticism 
 on a single play follows its text.] 
 
 Celebrations. 
 
 Characters. 
 
 Chronology. 
 
 Commentaries. See Biography. 
 
 Concordances. 
 
 Cyclopedias. See Dictionaries. 
 
 Dictionaries. 
 
 Forgeries. 
 
 Indexes. See Concordances. 
 
 Language, pronunciation and versification. 
 
 Shakespeare-Bacon controversy. See Author- 
 ship. 
 
 Sources, Stories, Imitations, etc. . 
 
 Textual criticism. 
 
 General. [The textual criticism of a 
 single play follows its text.] 
 
 Periodicals. 
 
 Societies. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Titles, etc., beginning with the word Shake- 
 speare . 
 
 F. 
 
 LANGUAGES. 
 
 I. A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 General and miscellaneous. [This heading 
 
 need not be written on the cards.] 
 Dialects. 
 Dictionaries. 
 
 Etymology [meaning derivation] . 
 Grammar. 
 
 History. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Prosody. 
 
 Readers. 
 
 Spelling. 
 
 Synonyms. 
 
 A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. 
 
 General and miscellaneous. [This heading 
 
 need not be written on the cards.] 
 Accents. 
 Alphabet. 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 Composition. 
 
 Conversation and phrase books. 
 
 Dialects. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Dictionaries. 
 
 Etymology [meaning derivation] . 
 
 Grammar. 
 
 History. 
 
 Idioms. 
 
 IVIetre. See Prosody. 
 
 Orthography. See Spelling. 
 
 Periodicals. 
 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 Prosody. 
 
 Readers. 
 
 Rhymes. 
 
 Spelling. 
 
 Study and teaching. 
 
 Synonyms. 
 
 Syntax. See Grammar. 
 
 Q. 
 
 COUNTRY AND LANGUAGE DIVISIONS OF THE 
 FORMS OF LITERATURE. 
 
 For these the adjective form of the country 
 or language name may be used : French 
 literature and French poetry, not France, 
 Literature, and France, Poetry. 
 
 The following are the principal forms of 
 literature which may be placed under the 
 local adjective prefix : 
 
 Ballads. 
 
 Orations. 
 
 Drama. 
 
 Parodies. 
 
 Essays. 
 
 Periodicals. 
 
 Fiction. 
 
 Poetry, 
 
 Language. 
 
 Satire. 
 
 Letters. 
 
 Songs. 
 
 Literature. 
 
 Sonnets. 
 
 Newspapers. 
 
 Wit and humor 
 
 Other forms of literature should be kept 
 together under the form heading instead of 
 
 being scattered through the alphabet under 
 the country adjective. Such are : 
 
 Allegories. 
 
 Anecdotes. 
 
 Dialogues. 
 
 Emblems. 
 
 Epigrams. 
 
 Epitaphs. 
 
 Fables. 
 
 Fairy tales. 
 
 Folk-lore. 
 
 Hymns. 
 
 Inscriptions. 
 
 Legends. 
 
 Maxims. 
 
 Mottoes. 
 
 Proverbs. 
 
 Quotations. 
 
 Riddles. 
 
 Sermons. 
 
 The smaller libraries may prefer to enter 
 English ballads, drama, etc., with the gen- 
 eral works under the headings Ballads, 
 Drama, etc. 
 
 [Modified from the Report of the Com- 
 mittee on an index to subject headings, 
 Chicago, 1893 (Library journal, l8:C8o)]. 
 
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