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 "'*'Sia^,N,f?,f,. iteMfnaw ...County^ Michigan 
 
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 3 1924 028 870 520 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis bool< is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028870520 
 
HISTORY 
 
 Washtenaw County, 
 
 MICHIGAN; 
 
 TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF ITS CITIES, TILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDU- 
 CATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, CIVIL, MILITARY, AND POLITICAL HISTORY; 
 PORTRAITS OP PROMINENT PERSONS, AND BIOGRAPHIES 
 OP REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS. 
 
 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN, 
 
 EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PRE-HISTORIC RACES, ABORIGINES, FRENCH, 
 
 ENGLISH AND AMERICAN CONQUESTS, AND A GENERAL REVIEW 
 
 OP ITS CIVIL, POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 CHAS. C. CHAPMAN & CO., 
 1881. 
 
 
a. 
 
 F 
 
 57a 
 
 .- ,,. nou DONOHUE i- HENNEBERRV, 
 
 BLAKELT, BROWN S, MARSH, BOOKBINDERS, 
 
 raiNTERS, ,OS * 109 MADISON STREET., CHICAGO. 
 
 155 & 157 DEARBORN ST., CHICA&O. 3 
 
 i 1'! ) . I ' ■• 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In presenting this volume to the public, we wish to sketch briefly the history 
 of its compilation. This we believe due to the many who so earnestly co-operated 
 with us in the work. 
 
 The Pioneer Society appointed a Historical Committee to confer with 
 publishers, relative to compiling and publishing the History of Washtenaw County. 
 This committee consisted of three members. Dr. Thomas Holmes, Horace Car- 
 penter and Samuel G. Ives, all gentlemen of undoubted ability, and in whom the 
 people of the county have the greatest confidence. During the early part of 1880 
 several conferences were held by this committee with publishers, but no definite 
 arrangements made. In the month of September of that year, after an exam- 
 ination of our style and plan of historical publications, as well as of numerous 
 testimonials, by the committee, we made a satisfactory agreement with it, and imme- 
 diately entered upon the labor of writing and compiling the History of Washtenaw 
 County'. 
 
 To insure as great accuracy as possible in the work, the President of the 
 Pioneer Society, according to instructions from the society, appointed three 
 additional members to the Historical Committee, for the revision and correction of 
 the manuscript of the general history ; and a committee was appointed for each 
 township, to revise and correct the histories of their respective townships. A sim- 
 ilar committee was also appointed for the cities of Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti. 
 Thus there were twenty-three committees, consisting of seventy-two men, to 
 insure, so far as was practical, to the people a full and correct vvork. Great care 
 was taken in the appointment of these committees, and the wisdom of the selections 
 made proved itself; for, with but few exceptions, each committeeman came forward 
 and did his duty nobly. They were men of ability, who earnestly desired a true 
 and faithful record of their county to be made; and for this labor of love posterity 
 will owe them a debt of gratitude which it can never repay. 
 
 When these committees were appointed, we promised to submit the manuscript 
 to them, giving them liberty to make all changes, additions and corrections they 
 deemed necessary. Thus the great responsibility of having the work full and accu- 
 rate was taken from our shoulders and vested in them. Asevidence that we faith- 
 fully fulfilled the promise made to the Pioneer Society, that we would submit 
 the manuscript, and that each of the committees performed its duty, we publish 
 on the following pages certificates signed by the various committees, which were 
 signed by each of the committee, to that effect. The labor of revision, although 
 tedious, was pleasant, the gf^eatest harmony prevailing between the committees and 
 ourselves. Not once did we ever hesitate to make the change ordered or follow 
 their suggestions. 
 
 We extend to the members of these committees the thanks of grateful hearts 
 for the material aid received from them in our labor of compilation, and for the 
 studious care with which they examined the prepared manuscript. 
 
 While we believe there never was a local history published where such a 
 united effort was inade to insure accuracy, as with the present volume, yet errors 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 will be found in its pages. It is a physical impossibility to write a book of such 
 magnitude, where so many thousands of facts are related, and tens of thousands of 
 names and dates given, and have it free from mistakes. We believe, however, that 
 this book is practically correct, even in detail. 
 
 We cannot lay down our pen without returning deep thanks to the Pioneer 
 Society, as well as making personal reference to some of these, who aided us so 
 materially in the preparation of this work-men whose kindness we can never for- 
 get. First among them we will mention Lorenzo Davis, Horace Carpenter, 
 Dr. Thomas Holmes, Gen. Edward Clark, Judge Chauncey Joslin, John 
 Q. A. Sessions, John Geddes, F. S. Finley, J. W. Wing, William M. Greg- 
 ory, the County Clerk, Everett B. Clark, and the Register of Deeds, Erastus 
 N. Gilbert. There are hundreds to whom we feel grateful, and who deserve per- 
 sonal mention for the kind assistance given us, but want of space alone prevents 
 this offering. 
 
 We desire to tender our thanks to Prof. Alexander Winchell for the very 
 able chapter on Geology, and Gov. Alpheus Felch for the article on the Courts 
 of the County, and Prof. Adams for the history of the University of Michigan. 
 To Prof. Adolph Covert, who prepared the chapter on Ornithology, and Miss 
 E. C. Allmendinger, who wrote that on Botany, we beg to offer our acknowl- 
 edgments. 
 
 The newspaper Press, realizing the importance of local history, displayed a 
 rare unanimity in supporting the work. During the period of our stay in the 
 county the editors of the various journals were always ready to co-operate with us, 
 and to the aid thus afforded is due much of the completeness which marks the 
 chapters of this volume. Therefore to them we desire to tender thanks. 
 
 We will not forget the hundreds who made the publication of this book a pos- 
 sibility. To these, who so liberally subscribed for it, and for whom this work was 
 compiled, we shall ever feel grateful ; nor can we close this preface without an 
 expression of thanks to our historians for the assiduity and faithfulness with which 
 they labored. Especially does S. J. Clarke deserve our thanks for the very great 
 care manifested in preparing the general history of the county, as also does M. A. 
 Leeson for editing the histories of the townships and cities. 
 
 We feel that our duties have been fully, faithfully and impartially discharged 
 all our promises fulfilled, and the laborer's pay earned. With a full consciousness 
 of all this we present the History of Washtenaw County to our subscribers. 
 
 CHAS. C. CHAPMAN i: CO. 
 Chicago, May, 1881. 
 
CERTIFICATES. 
 
 The Pioneer Societj-, at their December meeting, 1880, passed a resolution 
 instructing tlie President of the society to appoint three additional members to the 
 Historical Committee, to form a committee to revise and correct the general his- 
 tory of the county; and revisory committees, from each township, to revise and 
 correct the histories of their respective townships. 
 
 Below we give a copy of the certificate signed by this committee, showing 
 that we complied with our promises to submit the manuscript, and also that its 
 meinbers performed their duties. We also give a copy of the certificates signed by 
 the township committees. These certificates are all worded alike. We therefore 
 deem it unnecessary to subscribe each of them in full, but give the names of the 
 signatory meinbers. These certificates will also show to those who examine this 
 work that great care was taken to have it authentic and reliable. 
 
 We, the undersigned, members of the General Committee appointed by the 
 
 President of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw county, to correct and revise the 
 
 manuscript of the History of Washtenaw countj-, written and compiled by Chas. 
 
 C. Chapman & Co. of Chicago, 111., do hereby certify that we had free access to 
 
 said manuscript, at any and all times, and that we did to the best of our ability 
 
 follow the instructions given us. We examined said manuscript, and made all the 
 
 changes and additions that w-e, in our judgment, deemed necessary. 
 
 Thomas Holmes, Chairman, | 
 
 Lorenzo Davis, \ ,-. ■,, 
 
 . „ ,, ' • Committee. 
 
 Jason C. Gillett, [ 
 
 Horace Carpenter. J 
 
 Washtenaw County, Mich., February, 1881. 
 
 Following is the certificate of the committees for the respective cities and 
 townships : 
 
 We, the committee appointed by the President of the Pioneer Society of 
 Washtenaw County, to correct and revise the history of [our respective townships] 
 for the History of Washtenaw County, written and compiled by Chas. C. Chapman 
 & Co. of Chicago, 111., do hereby certify that said manuscript was submitted to us, 
 and that we did make all the changes and additions we deemed necessary. 
 
 Salem Totvtishi^ . 
 Calvin Wheeler, 
 T. D. Lane, 
 E.T.Walker. 
 
 Webster To-wnshif. 
 J. D. Williams, 
 Russell C. Reeve. 
 
 Dexter Toxvnsliip . 
 Wm. H. Glenn, 
 Wm. D. Smith, 
 William Wood. 
 
 Lyndon Townshif. 
 John K. Yocum, 
 D. M. Joslin, 
 Elnathan Skidmore. 
 
 Sylvan I'ownshif. 
 Chas. H. Wines, 
 S. J. Chase, 
 W. F. Hatch, 
 J. B. Frisbie.- 
 
 Lima ToTxinshif. 
 Morrell Goodrich, 
 William Warner, 
 Chas. H. Lemmon. 
 Scio Toiv7is/iip. 
 A. D. Crane, 
 Geo. A. Peters, 
 J. W. Wing. 
 
 Ann Arbor Tozvnshif. 
 John Geddes, 
 Isaac N. S. Foster. 
 
 Ann Arbor City. 
 John Q. A. Sessions, 
 Lorrin Mills, 
 Rice A. Beal. 
 
 Superior Toivnshif. 
 Ira Crippen, 
 F. P. Galpin, 
 L. L. Kimmel. 
 
 Ypsilanli ToTunship. 
 F. S. Finley, 
 
 B. Emericic, 
 F. A. Reeves. 
 
 Tpsilanti City, 
 
 C. Joslin, 
 
 Benj. Thompson, 
 Wm. Watling. 
 
 Pittsjield Totvnship. 
 " Horace Carpenter, 
 David Depue, 
 Randall Boss. 
 
 Lodi l^oivnship. 
 
 E. L. Brainard, 
 H. W. Bassett, 
 
 F. A. Fellows. 
 
 Sharon Toivnshif. 
 James H. Fellows, 
 John J. Robison. 
 
 Manchester Totvnshtf. 
 J. D. Corey, 
 A. Conklin, 
 Arthur Case. 
 
 Bridge-vaier Township. 
 M. McDougall, 
 George Lazell, 
 N. L. Conklin, 
 David Conklin, 
 R. S. King. 
 
 Saline Township . 
 L. H . Reynolds, 
 VVm. M. Gregory, 
 Myron Webb. 
 
 York Township. 
 A. H. Hotchkin, 
 R. Shaw, 
 S. H. Reynolds. 
 
 .Augusta Township. 
 J. Webster Childs, 
 George Bennett, 
 Aaron Childs. 
 
 Nortiifield Township. 
 Geo. Sutton, 
 Hanson Sessions. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 HISTOKY Of DIICHIGAX. 
 
 Mouna-Bullders 17 
 
 Large Cities 20 
 
 Inaians 21 
 
 Manners and Customs 22 
 
 European Possession 24 
 
 Detroit 27 
 
 National Policies so 
 
 Ordinance ot 1787 84 
 
 Prencli and Indian War 3!i 
 
 Massacre at Mlclilllmacklnac 41 
 
 Siege 01 Detroit 44 
 
 American Revolution 46 
 
 Tecumseh -^jO 
 
 Okemos ■''!; 
 
 Hull's Surrender 57 
 
 Perry's Victory js 
 
 Close ot the War 60 
 
 Political 62 
 
 Administration o£ Gen. Cass 65 
 
 " " Geo. B. Porter 74 
 
 The " Toledo War." 70 
 
 Administration ol Gov. Horner 7:1 
 
 Michigan as a State so 
 
 Administrations ol the State Governors. . 82 
 
 War 01 theEehelllon 88 
 
 Public School System 88 
 
 State University 89 
 
 State Normal School 00 
 
 Agrtcultural College 90 
 
 Other Colleges ^i 
 
 Charltahle Institutions 84 
 
 State PubUc School M 
 
 State Eelorm School sr, 
 
 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and 
 
 the Blind 96 
 
 Asylum for the Insane, at Kalamazoo — 96 
 
 '■ " " ■' " Pontlae 'iT 
 
 Penal Institutions 97 
 
 State Agricultural Society 98 
 
 Pomological Society 98 
 
 State Fisheries 9« 
 
 State Firemen's Association 99 
 
 State Board of Public Health 99 
 
 State Land Oflice lOO 
 
 State Library 100 
 
 Banlcs 101 
 
 Geology 107 
 
 Newspapers 108 
 
 Population 108 
 
 State Officers 109 
 
 Topography ill 
 
 A Retrospect ill 
 
 HISTOKY OF IVASHTESIAW COIJKTY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 IN THE BEGINNING 115 
 
 First White Men in Washtenaw County 116 
 
 Washtenaw: its Meaning 119 
 
 Rivers of the County 120 
 
 Area and Position 122 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 ORGANIZATION AND POLITICAL DI- 
 VISION 123 
 
 Organization ot the Connty 123 
 
 Political Divisions 124 
 
 First Roads 125 
 
 The Territorial Road 125 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 INDIAN INCIDENTS AND PIONEER 
 
 LIFE 129 
 
 An Indian Legend 129 
 
 Indian Antiquities 133 
 
 Black Hawk War 135 
 
 Pioneer Life 137 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 GEOLOGY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 141 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY 173 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 FLORA OP WASHTENAW COUNTY.... 195 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE TOLEDO WAR 207 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 COURTS AND BAR 22;, 
 
 County Court 220 
 
 Curcuit Court 224 
 
 Supreme Court 225 
 
 Chancery Court 225 
 
 District Court 225 
 
 Probate Court 226 
 
 The Bar of the Past 226 
 
 The PresentBar 229 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 DARK DEEDS 231 
 
 Murder ot Patriclc Dunn 231 
 
 Murder of Simon M. Holden 231 
 
 Murder of Henry Clay 231 
 
 A Diabolical Deed 232 
 
 Murder of Mrs. Lucy Washburne 233 
 
 Probable Murder 234 
 
 Murder ot Henry Feldman 231 
 
 Murder ot John C. Depew 234 
 
 Murder of Wm. S. Bentley 234 
 
 Murder of Mr. Sherman 235 
 
 Murder ot Martin Breitenbach 235 
 
 Murder ot Bryan 235 
 
 KiUlng of George Coieman 236 
 
 KUUng of Hiram B. Warren 231, 
 
 Murder ot Richard Fiannary 231; 
 
 Murder of Ludwlg MlUer 237 
 
 Murder of Mr. Eumsey 2:'.8 
 
 Shooting ot wm. Batey i.'M 
 
 Hori-iOle Murder 241 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 POLITICAL 
 
 Election Returns. 
 
 243 
 
 i;50 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 WOME OP THE ILLUSTRIOITS DEAD. . , 262 
 
 John Allen 262 
 
 Hon. James Klngsley 263 
 
 Hon. Samuel W. De.xter 267 
 
 Munnis Kenney 269 
 
 Hon. Wm. S. Maynard 27o 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Joshua G. Leland 271 
 
 Eev. Charles G. Clark 272 
 
 Rev. I. M. Weed ■. 272 
 
 Prol. James C . Watson '. . 2S2 
 
 Volney Chapln 2S4 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL 2S7 
 
 Public Schools 2s7 
 
 University o£ Michigan 201 
 
 Graduates 320 
 
 State Normal School 332 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 VARIOUS THINGS 333 
 
 The Patriot War 3:J3 
 
 Wild-Cat Banks 337 
 
 Temperance 3:i8 
 
 Railroads 3lo 
 
 PubUc Buildings 343 
 
 The Old Court-House 344 
 
 The New Court-House 345 
 
 The Second Jail Building 350 
 
 Legislative Council S5i:i 
 
 Constitutional Conventions 350 
 
 First Convention ol Assent 35h 
 
 Second " •' " 351 
 
 Convention oJ 1850 35i 
 
 " " 1867 351 
 
 Legislature 352 
 
 Supreme Couit - 353 
 
 National Representatives in Congress.. 3.54 
 
 county Officers 354 
 
 The Gei-man Elemfent 356 
 
 First Entry 357 
 
 Peep into Washtenaw County 35s 
 
 Statistics 01 Olden Time 868-867 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 WASHTENAW COUNTY IN THE WAR. 308 
 
 Roll Of Honor 422 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 REMINISCENCES 431 
 
 By Mrs. Harriet L. Noble 431 
 
 By '• N.H.Pierce 436 
 
 By " Timothy W . Hunt 443 
 
 By Samuel Pettlbone 446 
 
 By MI'S. Alvin Cross 44'j 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 AUTHORS AND ARTISTS 458 
 
 Prot. James C. Watson 45s 
 
 " Alex Winchell, LL. D 45!i 
 
 Randolph Rogers 4ij0 
 
 Miss Kittle J. Rogei-s 403 
 
 Ezra D. Seaman 404 
 
 Thos. M. Cooiey, LL. D 404 
 
 B. P. Cocker, D.D , LL. D 405 
 
 Edward Oiney, LL. D 405 
 
 Donald MacLean, M. D 406 
 
 Alonzo B. Palmer, ,\. M., M. D 406 
 
 Edward C. Franklin, M. D 467 
 
 Prol. C. L. Ford 467 
 
 Clara Doty Bates 468 
 
 Rev. Martin L. D'Ooga, Ph. D 471 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte Finley 471 
 
 Prof. Gabriel Campbell 471 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 PIONEER ASSOCIATION 472 
 
 The Celebration 477 
 
 First Annual Meeting 470 
 
 Second " " - 4S0 
 
 The Re-organized Pioneer Society 481 
 
 Constitution 481 
 
 Third Annual Meeting 484 
 
 Fourth " " 484 
 
 Fifth " " 485 
 
 Sixth " " 486 
 
 Seventh Annual Meeting 4S6 
 
 In Memoi-lam 487 
 
 Members of the Society 493 
 
 State Pioneer society 614 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 Fourth ol July 51s 
 
 50th Anniversary of the Settlement of 
 Washtenaw County 518 
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS OF HON. L. D. 
 NORRIS 521 
 
 The Fli-st Map of Michigan 
 
 Iron ore and Salt Springs 
 
 The MeetlQg .50 Years Ago 
 
 Whisky and Politics 
 
 An Early Temperance Crusade ... 
 
 The Situation In 1824 
 
 Settlement of the County 
 
 Roads and Trails 
 
 Alpha Washtenaw 
 
 Prom 1830 to 1840 
 
 Early Railroading 
 
 Turnpike Travel 
 
 Woman's Work 
 
 Pioneer Trading and Prices 
 
 Social Life 
 
 The Educational System 
 
 523 
 523 
 624 
 524 
 525 
 527 
 
 .528 
 528 
 531 
 632 
 533 
 533 
 534 
 535 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 630 
 
 The Agrlc. and Pom. Society 530 
 
 The Pomologlcal Society 541 
 
 Agricultural Statistics .546 
 
 Value of Real Estate 551 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 THE PRESS 652 
 
 ANN ARBOE PAPEES : 
 
 Ann Arbor Argus 550 
 
 Ann Arbor Courier 550 
 
 Ann Arbor, Register 564 
 
 Ann Arbor Democrat 568 
 
 The Washtenaw Post 570 
 
 The Daily News 570 
 
 YPSILANTI PAPEES : 
 
 The sentinel 572 
 
 The Commercial 573 
 
 The Ypsilantian 576 
 
 DEXTBE PAPER: 
 Dexter Leader 576 
 
 CHELSEA PAPBE: 
 
 Chelsea Herald 577 
 
 M.VNOHESTEIl PAPBE: 
 
 JUinchester Enterprise 578 
 
 SALINE paper: 
 
 Saline Observer 680 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS 581 
 
 Tremendous Tornado 581 
 
 Rain Storm 681 
 
 Miraculous Escape 682 
 
 Boiler Explosion at Ypsilanti 585 
 
 Washtenaw Co. Bible Society 685 
 
 Clime , .580 
 
 Marriage Record 580 
 
 Births 588 
 
 Over the River .' 589 
 
 Divorce Record 593 
 
 Cholera War ,594 
 
 Washtenaw County Census 595 
 
 A Retrospect 595 
 
 Washtenaw County oJ To-Day, ........ 698 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 TOWIVSIIH" HIHTOKIKS AXI> ltIO<iillAI>IIlKN. 
 
 Ann Arhor, S7l 
 
 Augusta 1437 
 
 Brldgewater i lir.i 
 
 Doxter 717 
 
 l*'r(!fi(loiji l^ijl 
 
 Lima «()(( 
 
 Lodl ^■i^ry 
 
 Lyndon 7:i« 
 
 Manchfistcr liiia 
 
 Northneld i;:!(;— ] 1 1;] 
 
 I'llXslicId iiill 
 
 Hiilnni fM) 
 
 Mallm; i:!f.ii 
 
 Hclo Kai 
 
 Hhai-on Tl'M 
 
 Siipcildr- loiiii 
 
 Svlvjin 7''l 
 
 VV'ohstci- llliK 
 
 Yurk i412 
 
 Ypsllantl ion:; 
 
 lI>riU»TltATI«>A>S. 
 
 Map of WaMlitonaw Omnly U * ir, 
 
 IIlRroglyphlra of Itn- Mounil-lsullilns ... 1!J 
 LaMallo LanillriK at the Moiitli or St. 
 
 Josc])ii JUvcr 'J.'j 
 
 Indians Attncklng i^'rontlorsnii^n :-il 
 
 ccn. (if'.oi'friMJoKi'i-s Clark ;i7 
 
 Ci'n. Artliiir SI,. Clair -V.', 
 
 'I'rapiiliii,' 'Ill 
 
 Tot^urnsoh 5.'. 
 
 I'ontlac Ill 
 
 lluntliin I'lalrlc Wolvi'S In an Early Day 07 
 lOiistrrri Asylum for tli(^ Insane at- I'ontlac 7.1 
 
 State, i'ulille Hrliool, at Coldwiitcr. «l 
 
 The (Japltol, at l/aiislng 1)1 
 
 irnlv(!i'slty of .\lli;hlgan In^ :i 
 
 Old ConrHIulise S47 
 
 I'rc'Scnt " " Ill 
 
 Union Scliool liullding, at YpHilantl,.J. . , ,1115 
 
 Cidon School, .Manchester '. , , .lys:! 
 
 " " Saline I'jHii 
 
 rOKTKAITS. 
 
 Allen, L. C rfi'.i 
 
 Almendlnger, Charles :i3l 
 
 Arms, James II i;:i:i 
 
 Heal, KIce A 5i;r, 
 
 Besole, William A 7(i7 
 
 Hlaess, Leopold 1171 
 
 lil:d(eslee, ,lohn W i:il'.i 
 
 Itoyden, Kdward L C7ii 
 
 r.oyden, Luther lis;; 
 
 Drown, Daniel I! 877 
 
 Burnoit, Calvin T :iri 
 
 Burnett, VVIIIIa.in 7i:i 
 
 Calnpliell, Ujjhert 1041 
 
 (Carpenter, Horace ijin 
 
 Carpenter, M rs. Ann .\ lil 1 
 
 Chamberlain, B. F 7:il 
 
 Chittenden, N K mil 
 
 Conklln, A l'.i!27 
 
 Cornvveli, i;orneUus KRiT 
 
 t'ovvan, .lohn W i:iOI 
 
 Davis, Lorenzo U'.i 
 
 liepnc, liavld liinr, 
 
 Dorr, S. W 4i:i 
 
 Kwln^', Alexander, .\I,D r47 
 
 l''a.rran(l, Bethuel 2'.il 
 
 t'eleli, AlplKiis i:;i 
 
 I'Vddkamri, .'\. L I;i:i7 
 
 Kiisti'i-, ,Mary -j.-,? 
 
 Oarilliier. liavld c 12i;.'i 
 
 ( icddes, John :i,'<ii 
 
 I ;cddes, .Mrs. Julia Ette ;is7 
 
 ficddcs, Kobert inr, 
 
 (;ooilale, Norniiui c K21 
 
 (ioodlnK-, Otiinlel 3K3 
 
 Crecn, Kle.liard i; 121fi 
 
 (irecn,:MiH. AnneE 1247 
 
 (iregory, Wrn. M 4ni 
 
 mil, (Jomstock K Ill K 
 
 Holmes, 'I'homas 475 
 
 James, Luther ■. 27:i 
 
 Kolley, ii4!) 
 
 Klminel, L. L 11)5 
 
 Lowry, John 4S5 
 
 Mills, Lorrln 23!i 
 
 jMoore, Caleb 2ti:i 
 
 .Morgan, !•:. W m-j:', 
 
 .Morton, .1. G 1134 
 
 Morton, Mrs Almira 113.15 
 
 .Murray, I'liUcmon C Ki'.i 
 
 o lirlr^n, .Morgan IJ55 
 
 Owens, T.(' liii.'i 
 
 Palmer, David 121111 
 
 I'arsholl, J. J :;2:i 
 
 I'.'irsoiis, Chester 437 
 
 Pierce, Darius KI13 
 
 I'otlia-, D. I' lliin 
 
 Potter, .Mrs. Liirerni iriil 
 
 I'ray, Usek 203 
 
 K(^:ule, J. Stanhope 7n:; 
 
 itoblnson, Loamml 411 1 
 
 Sears, Solomon V i;;!7 
 
 Suars, Thomas S !iii7 
 
 Skldrnore, Elnathan 74:1 
 
 SwecMand, G. (,'... ., 1153 
 
 Va.n Attn, James 11 rl'.i 
 
 Warner, Dennis s5k 
 
 WarruT, .Mrs. .Martha .M 8511 
 
 U'ehli, Walter .583 
 
 Wesllall, Klhis 785 
 
 White, KbiT 1r;7 
 
 Williams. Jcrenilali ]) Mir, 
 
 Wilson, WlllUam 1078 
 
 Wilson, .Mrs. Sophy 1070 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAi 
 
 Michigan! If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you,in 
 Michigan. Every visitor at St. Paul's church, London, is over- 
 awed with the magnificence of that structure, the work of Sir Chris- 
 topher Wren. He wants to know where the remains of Wren are 
 now; in the crypt of the church they lie, where the following is 
 engraved upon the headstone: /Si monumentum requiris, circum- 
 spice, — If you seek a monument [of Wren], look around [and behold 
 the work of his brain in this mighty building]. The State of Mich- 
 igan has appropriately adopted for her motto this expression, with 
 a slight alteration, thus: Si quosris peninmlam am<Bnam, cir- 
 eumspice, — If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you. And 
 indeed Michigan may as justly feel proud of its resources as Great 
 Britain, of St. Paul's church, — yea, and infinitely more. What 
 with her substantial foundation in agriculture throughout the 
 southern counties, in horticulture throughout the lower peninsula, 
 and especially the fruit belt along her western boundary, in piner- 
 ies in the central portion of the State, and with her crown of iron 
 and copper in the upper peninsula, tipped with silver, she stands 
 the real queen of the utilitarian world. 
 
 It is a pleasure to write the history of such a State. Contrast 
 this pleasant i^sk with writing and studying the histories of States 
 and empires which we have been taught to ponder and revere from 
 our youth up, histories of European countries cobwebbed with 
 intrigue, blackened with iniquity and saturated with blood. What 
 a standing, practical reproof Michigan is to all Europe! and what 
 a happy future she has before her, even as compared with all her 
 sister States! 
 
 Now let's to our chosen task, and say first a few words concern- 
 ing the prehistoric races, observing, by the way, that the name 
 " Michigan " is said to be derived from the Indian Mitchi-sawg- 
 yegan, a great lake. 
 
 MOUND-BUILDEB S. 
 
 The numerous and well-authenticated accounts of antiquities 
 found in various parts of our country clearly demonstrate that a 
 people civilized, and even highly cultivated, occupied the broad sur- 
 face of our continent before its possession by the present Indians; 
 
 2 
 
18 HISTOEY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 but the date of their rule of the "Western World is so remote that 
 all traces of their history, their progress and decay, lie buried in 
 deepest obscurity. Nature, at the time the first Europeans came, 
 had asserted her original dominion over the earth; the forests were 
 all in their full luxuriance, the growth of many centuries; and 
 naught existed to point out who and what they were who formerly 
 lived, and loved, and labored, and died, on the continent of America. 
 This pre-historic race is known as the Mound-Builders, from the 
 numerous large mounds of earth-works left by them. The remains 
 of the works of this people form the most interesting class of 
 antiquities discovered in the United States. Their character can 
 be but partially gleaned from the internal evidences and the 
 peculiarities of the only remains left, — the mounds. They consist 
 of remains of what were apparently villages, altars, temples, idols, 
 cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifications, pleasure grounds, etc., 
 etc. Their habitations must have been tents, structures of wood, 
 or other perishable material; otherwise their remains would be 
 numerous. If the Mound-Builders were not the ancestors of the 
 Indians, who were they? The oblivion which has closed over them 
 is so complete that only conjecture can be given in answer to the 
 question. Those who do not believe in the common parentage of 
 mankind contend that they were an indigenous race of the West- 
 ern hemisphere; others, with more plausibility, think they came 
 from the East, and imagine they can see coincidences in the religion 
 of the Hindoos and Southern Tartars and the supposed theology of 
 the Mound-Builders. They we're, no doubt, idolaters, and it has 
 been conjectured that the sun was the object of their adoration. The 
 mounds were generally built in a situation affording a view of the 
 rising sun; when enclosed in wails their gateways were toward the 
 east; the caves in which their dead were occasionally buried always 
 opened in the same direction; whenever a mound was partially 
 enclosed by a semi-circular pavement, it was on the east side; when 
 bodies were buried in graves, as was frequently the case, they were 
 laid in a direction east and west; and, finally, medals have been 
 found representing the sun and his rays of light. 
 
 At what period they came to this country is likewise a matter of 
 speculation. From the comparatively rude state of the arts among 
 them, it has been inferred that the time was very remote. Their 
 axes were of stone. Their raiment, judging from fragments which 
 have been discovered, consisted of the bark of trees, interwoven 
 with feathers; and their military works were such as a people 
 would erect who had just passed to the pastoral state of society 
 from that dependent alone upon hunting and fishing. 
 
 The mounds and other ancient earth-works constructed by this 
 people are far more abundant than generally supposed, from the fact 
 that while some are quite large, the greater part of them are small 
 and inconspicuous. Along nearly all our water courses that are 
 large enough to be navigated with a canoe, the mounds are almost 
 invariably found, covering the base points and headlands of the 
 
HISTOEy OP MICHIGAN. 
 
 19 
 
 bluffs which border the narrower valleys; so that when one finds 
 himself in such positions as to command the grandest views for river 
 scenery, he may almost always discover that he is standing upon, 
 or in close proximity to, some one or more of these traces of the 
 labors of an ancient people. 
 
 The Mound-Builder was an early pioneer in Michigan. He was 
 the first miner in the upper peninsula. How he worked we do not 
 know, but he went deep down into the copper ore and dug and 
 raised vast quantities, and probably transported it, but just how or 
 where, we cannot say. The ancient mining at Isle Royale, in Lake 
 Superior, has excited amazement. The pits are from 10 to 20 feet 
 in diameter, from 20 to 60 feet in depth, and are scattered through- 
 out the island. They follow the richest veins of ore. Quantities 
 of stoue hammers and mauls weighing from 10 to 30 pounds have 
 
 HIEEOGLYPHICS OF THE MOUND-BUILDEES. 
 
 been found, some broken from use and some in good condition. 
 Copper chisels, knives and arrowheads have been discovered. The 
 copper tools have been hardened by fire. Working out the ore was 
 doubtless done by heating and pouring on water, — a very tedious 
 process; and yet it is said that, although 200 men in their rude way 
 could not accomplish any more work than two skilled miners at the 
 present day, yet at one point alone on Isle Royale the labor per- 
 formed exceeds that of one of the oldest mines on the south shore, 
 operated by a large force for more than 30 years. Since these 
 ancient pits were opened, forests have grown up and fallen, and 
 trees 400 years old stand around them to-day. 
 
 Mounds have been discovered on the Detroit river, at the head 
 of the St. Clair, the Black, the Rouge, on the Grand, at the foot of 
 
20 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 Lake Huron, and in many other portions of the State. Those at 
 the head of the St. Clair were discovered by Mr. Gilman, in 1872, 
 and are said to be very remarkable. 
 
 LARGE CITIES. 
 
 Mr. Breckenridge, who examined the antiquities of the Western 
 country in 1817, speaking of the mounds in tlie American Bottom, 
 says: " The great number and extremely large size of some of them 
 may be regarded as furnishing, with other circumstances, evidences 
 of their antiquity. I have sometimes been induced to think that at 
 the period when they were constructed there was a population here 
 as numerous as that which once animated the borders of the Nile 
 or Euphrates, or of Mexico. The most numerous, as well as con- 
 siderable, of these remains are found in precisely those parts of the 
 country where the traces of a numerous population might be looked 
 for, namely, from the mouth of the Ohio on the east side of the 
 Mississippi to the Illinois river, and on the west from the St. 
 Francis to the Missouri. I am perfectly satisfied that cities similar 
 to those of ancient Mexico, of several hundred thousand souls, have 
 existed in this country." 
 
 It must be admitted that whatever the uses of these mounds — 
 whether as dwellings or burial places — these silent monuments were 
 built, and the race who built them vanished from the face of the 
 earth, ages before the Indians occupied the land, but their date 
 must probably forever baffle human skill and ingenuity. 
 
 It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the places of sepulture 
 raised by the Mound-Builders from the more modern graves of the 
 Indians. The tombs of the former were in general larger than 
 those of the latter, and were used as receptacles for a greatei- number 
 of bodies, and contained relics of art, evincing a higher degree of 
 civilization than that attained by the Indians. The ancient earth- 
 works of the Mound-Builders have occasionally been appropriated 
 as burial places by the Indians, but the skeletons of the latter may 
 be distinguished from the osteological remains of the former by 
 their greater stature. 
 
 "What finally became of the Mound-Builders is another query 
 which has been extensively discussed. The fact that their works 
 extend into Mexico and Peru has induced the belief that it was their 
 posterity that dwelt in these countries when they were first visited 
 hj the Spaniards. The Mexican and Peruvian works, witli the 
 exception of their greater magnitude, are similar. Eelics common 
 to all of them have been occasionally found, and it is believed that 
 the religious uses which they subserved were the same. If, indeed, 
 the Mexicans and Peruvians were the progeny of the more ancient 
 Mound-Builders, Spanish rapacity for gold was the cause of their 
 overthrow and final extermination. 
 
 A thousand other queries naturally arise respecting these nations 
 which now repose under the ground, but the most searching invest!- 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. • 21 
 
 gation can give us only vague speculations for answers. No histo- 
 rian has preserved the names of their mighty chieftains, or given 
 an account of their exploits, and even tradition is silent respecting 
 them. 
 
 Following the Mound-Builders as inhabitants of North America, 
 were, as it is supposed, the people who reared the magnilicent cities, 
 the ruins of which are found in Central America. This people was 
 far more civilized and advanced in the arts than were the Mound- 
 Builders. The cities built by them, judging from the ruins of 
 broken columns, fallen arches and crumbling walls of temples, 
 palaces and pyramids, which in some places for miles bestrew the 
 ground, must have been of great extent, magnificent and very pop- 
 ulous. Wlien we consider the vast period of time necessary to erect 
 such colossal structures, and, again, the time required to reduce 
 them to their present ruined state, we can conceive something of 
 their antiquity. These cities must have been old when many of 
 the ancient cities of the Orient were being built. 
 
 INDIANS. 
 
 The third race inhabiting North America, distinct from the 
 former two in every particular, is the present Indians. They were, 
 when visited by the early discoverers, without cultivation, refine- 
 ment or literature, and far behind the Mound-Builders in the knowl- 
 edge of the arts. The question of their origin has long interested 
 archseologists, and is the most difficult they have been called upon 
 to answer. Of their predecessors the Indian tribes knew nothing; 
 they even had no traditions respecting them. It is quite certain 
 that they were the successors of a race which had entirely passed 
 away ages before the discovery of the New World. One liypothesis 
 is tliat the American Indians are an original race indigenous to the 
 Western hemisphere. Tiiose who entertain this view think their 
 peculiarities of physical structure preclude the possibility of a com- 
 mon parentage with the rest of mankind. Prominent among tliose 
 distinctive traits is the hair, which in the red man is round, in the 
 white man oval, and in the black man flat. 
 
 A more common supposition, however, is that they are a deriva- 
 tive race, and sprang from one or more of the ancient peoples of 
 Asia. In the absence of all authentic history, and when even 
 tradition is wanting, any attempt to point out the particular location 
 of their origin must prove unsatisfactory. Though the exact place 
 of origin may never be known, yet the striking coincidents of 
 physical organization between the Oriental type of mankind and 
 the Indians point unmistakably to some part of Asia as the place 
 whence they emigrated, which was originally peopled to a great 
 extent by the children of Shem. In this connection it has been 
 claimed that the meeting of the Europeans, Indians and Africans 
 on the continent of America, is the fulfillment of a prophecy as 
 recorded in Genesis ix. 27: "God shall enlarge Japheth, and he 
 shall dwell in the tents of Shem ; and Canaan shall be his servant." 
 
22 niSTOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 Assuming the theory to be true that the Indian tribes are of 
 Shemitic origin, they were met on this continent in the fifteenth 
 century by the Japhetic race, after the two stocks had passed around 
 the globe by directly different routes. A few years afterward the 
 Hamitic branch of the human familj'^ was brought from the coast 
 of Africa. During the occupancy of the continent by the three 
 distinct races, the children of Japheth have grown and prospered, 
 while the called and not voluntary sons of Ham have endured a 
 servitude in the wider stretching valleys of the tents of Shem. 
 
 When Christopher Columbus had finally succeeded in demon- 
 strating the truth of his theory, that by sailing westward from 
 Europe land would be discovered, landing on the Island of Ber- 
 muda he supposed he had reached the East Indies. This was an 
 error, but it led to the adoption of the name of " Indians" for the 
 inhabitants of the island and the main land of America, by which 
 name the red men of America have ever since been known. 
 
 Of the several great branches of North American Indians the 
 , only ones entitled to consideration in Michigan history are the 
 Algonquins and Iroquois. At the time of the discovery of America 
 the former occupied the Atlantic seaboard, while the home of the 
 Iroquois was as an island in this vast area of Algonquin popula- 
 tion. The latter great nation spread over a vast territory, and 
 various tribes of Algonquin lineage sprung up over the country, 
 adopting, in time, distinct tribal customs and laws. An almost 
 continuous warfare was carried on between tribes; but later, on the 
 entrance of the white man into their beloved homes, every foot of 
 territory was fiercely disputed by the confederacy of many neigh- 
 boring tribes. The Algonquins formed the most extensive alliance 
 to resist the encroachment of the whites, especially the English. 
 Such was the nature of King Philip's war. This king, with his 
 Algonquin braves, spread terror and desolation throughout New 
 England. With the Algonquins as the controlling spirit, a con- 
 fedel-acy of continental proportions was the result, embracing in its 
 alliance the tribes of every name and lineage from the Northern 
 lakes to the gulf. Pontiac, having breathed into them his impla- 
 cable hate of the English intruders, ordered the conflict to com- 
 mence, and all the British colonies trembled before the desolating 
 fury of Indian vengeance. '^ 
 
 The " Saghinan " (spelled variously) or Saginaw country com- 
 prised most of the eastern portion of the southern peninsula indef- 
 initely. The village of the " Hurons" was probably near Detroit. 
 The term " Huron " is derived from the French hure, a wild boar 
 and was applied to this tribe of Indians on account of the bristly 
 appearance of their hair. These Indians called themselves " Ouen- 
 dats," as the French spelled the name, or " Wyandots," as is the 
 modern orthography. 
 
 MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 
 
 The art of hunting not only supplied the Indian with food, but, 
 like that of war, was a means of gratifying his love of distinction. 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 23 
 
 The male children, as soon as they acquired sufficient a^e and 
 strength, were furnished with a bow and arrow and taught to shoot 
 birds and other small game. Success in killing large quadrupeds 
 required years of careful study and practice, and the art was as 
 sedulously inculcated In the minds of the rising generation as are 
 the elements of reading, writing and arithmetic in the common 
 schools of civilized communities. The mazes of the forest and the 
 dense, tall grass of the prairies were the best fields for the exercise 
 of the hunter's skill. No feet could be impressed in the yielding 
 soil but that the tracks were the objects of the most searching 
 scrutiny, and revealed at a glance the animal that made them, the 
 direction it was pursuing, and the time that had elapsed since it 
 had passed. In a forest country he selected the valleys, because 
 they were most frequently the resort of game. The most easily 
 taken, perhaps, of all the animals of the chase was the deer. It is 
 endowed with a curiosity which prompts it to stop in its flight and 
 look back at the approacliing hunter, who always avails himself of 
 this opportunity to let fly the fatal arrow. 
 
 Their general councils were composed of the chiefs and old men. 
 When in council, they usually sat in concentric circles around the 
 speaker, and each individual, notwithstanding the flery passions 
 that rankled within, preserved an exterior as immovable as if cast 
 iu bronze. Before commencing business a person appeared with 
 the sacred pipe, and another with fire to kindle it. After being 
 lighted, it was first presented to heaven, secondly to the earth, 
 thirdly to the presiding spirift and lastly to the several councilors, 
 each of whom took a whiff. These formalities were observed with 
 as close exactness as State etiquette in civilized courts. 
 
 The dwellings of the Indians were of the simplest and rudest 
 character. On some pleasant spot by the baTik of a river, or near 
 an ever-running spring, they raised their groups of wigwams, con- 
 structed of the bark of trees, and easily taken down and removed 
 to another spot. The dwelling-places of the chiefs were sometimes 
 more spacious, and constructed with greater care, but of the same 
 materials. Skins taken in the chase served them for repose. 
 Though principally dependent upon hunting and fishing, the un- 
 certain supply from those sources led them to cultivate small 
 patches of corn. Every family did everything necessary within 
 itself, commerce, or an interchange of articles, being almost unknown 
 to them. In cases of dispute and dissension, each Indian relied 
 upon himself for retaliation. Blood for blood was the rule, and 
 the relatives of the slain man were bound to obtain bloody revenge 
 for his death. This principle gave rise, as a matter of course, to in- 
 numerable and bitter feuds, and wars of extermination where such 
 were possible. War, indeed, rather than peace, was the Indian's 
 glory and delight. — war, not conducted as in civilization, but war 
 where individual skill, endurance, gallantry and cruelty were prime 
 requisites. For such a purpose as revenge the Indian would make 
 great sacrifices, and display a patience and perseverance truly heroic ; 
 
24 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 but when the excitement was over, he sank back into a listless, un- 
 occupied, well-nigh useless savage. During the intervals of his 
 more exciting pursuits, the Indian employed his time in decorating 
 his person with all the refinement of paint and feathers, and in the 
 manufacture of his arms and of canoes. These were constructed of 
 bark, and so light that they could easily be carried on the shoulder 
 from stream to stream. His amusements were the war-dance, ath- 
 letic games, the narration of his exploits, and listening to the ora- 
 tory of the chiefs; but during long periods of such existence he 
 remained in a state of torpor, gazing listlessly upon the trees of the 
 forests and the clouds that sailed above them; and this vacancy 
 imprinted a habitual gravity, and even melancholy, upon his gen- 
 eral deportment. 
 
 The main labor and drudgery of Indian communities fell upon 
 the women. The planting, tending and gathering of the crops, 
 making mats and baskets, carrying burdens, — in fact, all things of 
 the kind were performed by them, thus making their condition but 
 little better than that of slaves. Marriage was merely a matter of 
 bargain and sale, the husband giving presents to the father of the 
 bride. In general they had but few cliildren. They were subjected 
 to many and severe attacks of sickness, and at times, famine and 
 pestilence swept away whole tribes. 
 
 The Indians had not only their good " manitous," but also their 
 evil spirits; and the wild features of the lake scenery appears to 
 have impressed their savage minds with superstition. They believed 
 that all the prominent points of this wide region were created and 
 guarded by monsters; and the images of these they sculptured on 
 stone, painted upon the rocks, or carved upon the trees. Those who 
 "obeyed " these supernatural beings , they thought, wonld after death 
 range among flowery fields filled with the choicest game, while 
 those who neglected their counsels would wander amid dreary soli- 
 tudes, stung by gnats as large as pigeons. 
 
 EUEOPEAN POSSESSION. 
 
 It is not necessary to dwell on the details of history from the 
 discovery of America in 1492 to the settlement of Michigan in 
 1668, as some historians do under the head of " the history of 
 Michigan;" for the transaction of men and councils at Quebec 
 New Y"ork, Boston, or London, or Paris, concerning the European 
 possessions in America prior to 1668 did not in the least affect 
 either man, beast or inanimate object within the present limits of 
 the State of Michigan. Nor do we see the necessity of goino- back 
 to the foundations of American institutions, simply because thev 
 are the origin of the present features of Michigan institutions and 
 society, any more than to Greek, Latin, Christian or mediaeval civ- 
 ilization, although all the latter also affect Michigan society. 
 
 Jacques Marquette was the first white man, according to history 
 to set foot upon ground within what is now the State of Michigan. 
 

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 111 
 
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 <1 
 
26 HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 He was born of an honorable familv at Laon, in the north of 
 France, in 1637, the montli not known. He was educated for the 
 Catholic priesthood; in 1654 he joined the Jesuits, and in 1666 he 
 was sent as a missionary to Canada; after the river St. Lawrence 
 and the Great Lakes had been mapped out, the all-absorbing object 
 of interest with Gov. Frontenac Talch, the "intendent," and Mar- 
 quette himself was to discover and trace from the north the won- 
 derful Mississippi that De Soto, the Spaniard, had first seen at the 
 South in 16'11. In 1668, according to Bancroft, he repaired to the 
 Chippewa, at the Sault, to establish the mission of the St. Mary, 
 the oldest settlement begun by Europeans within the present limits 
 of Michigan. This was under Louis XIV., of France. 
 
 In 1669 Father Marquette established a mission at Mackinaw, 
 then called "Michilimackinac," frorti an Indian word signifying 
 " a great turtle," or from the Chippewa " michine-maukinonk," 
 " a place of giant fairies." Here Marquette built a chapel in 16T1, 
 and continued to teach the Indians until his death. 
 
 In 1673, in company with Louis Joliet, Father Marquette received 
 orders from Gov. Frontenac to proceed west and explore the Mis- 
 sissippi, which they did, as far south as the Arkansas river. 
 
 Marquette was a scholar and a polite Chi'istian, enthusiastic, 
 shrewd and persevering. He won the affections of all parties, 
 French, English and Indian. He was even a man of science, with 
 a strong element of romance and love of natural beauty in his 
 character. Parkman speaks of him, in characteristic epithet, as 
 " the humble Marquette who, with clasped hands and upturned 
 eyes, seems a figure evoked from some dim legend of mediaeval 
 saintship." In life he seems to have been looked up to with rever- 
 ence by the wildest savage, by the rude frontiersman, and by the 
 polished officer of government. Most of all the States, his 
 name and his fame should be dear to Michigan. He died in June, 
 1675, and was buried with great solemnity and deep sorrow near 
 the mouth of Pere Marquette river. The remains were afterward 
 deposited in a vault in the middle of the chapel of St. Ignace near 
 by; but on the breaking up of the mission at this place the Jesuits 
 burned the chapel, and the exact site was forgotten until Sept. 3, 
 1877, when the vault, consisting of birch bark, was found; but the 
 remains of the great missionary were probably stolen away by his 
 Indian admirers soon after the abandonment of the mission. 
 
 The next settlement in point of time was made in 1679, by 
 Robert Cavalier de La Salle, at tlie mouth of the St. Joseph river. 
 He had constructed a vessel, the " Griflin," just above Niagara falls, 
 and sailed around by the lakes to Green Bay, Wis., whence he 
 traversed " Lac des lilinois," now Lake Michigan, by canoe to the 
 mouth of the St. Joseph river. The " Griffin " was the first sailing 
 vessel that ever came west of Niagara falls. La Salle erected a fort 
 at the mouth of the St. Joseph river, which afterward was moved 
 about 60 miles up the river, where it was still seen in Charlevoix's 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAIT. 27 
 
 time, 1721. La Salle also built a fort on the Illinois river just 
 beluw Peoria, and explored the region of the Illinois and Missis- 
 sippi rivers. 
 
 The next, and third, Michia;an post erected by authority was a 
 second fort on the St. Joseph river, established by Du Luth, near 
 the present Fort Gratiot, in 1686. The object of this was to inter- 
 cept emissaries of the English, who were anxious to open traffic with 
 the Mackinaw and Lake Superior nations. 
 
 The French posts in Michigan and westward left very little to be 
 gathered by the New York traders, and they determined, as there 
 was peace between France and England, to push forward their 
 agencies and endeavor to deal with the western and northern 
 Indians in their own country. The French governors not only 
 plainly asserted the title of France, but as plainly threatened to 
 use all requisite force to expel intruders. Anticipating correctly 
 that the English would attempt to reach Lake Huron from the 
 East without passing up Detroit river, Du Luth built a fort at the 
 outlet of the lake into the St. Clair. About the same time an 
 expedition was planned against the Senecas, and the Chevalier 
 Tonti, commanding La Salle's forts, of St. Louis and St. Joseph of 
 Lake Michigan, and La Durantaye, the veteran commander of 
 Mackinaw, were employed to bring down the French and Indian 
 auxiliaries to take part in the war. These men intercepted 
 English expeditions into the interior to establish trade with the 
 Northern Indians, and succeeded in cutting them oif for many years. 
 
 Religious zeal for the Catholic Church and the national aggrand- 
 izement were almost or quite equally the primary and all-ruling 
 motive of western explorations. For these two purposes expedi- 
 tions were sent out and missions and military posts were established. 
 In these enterprises Marquette, Joliet, La Salle, St. Lusson and 
 others did all that we find credited to them in history. 
 
 In 1669 or 1670, Talon, then " Intendant of New France," sent 
 out two parties to discover a passage to the South Sea, St. Lusson 
 to Hudson's Bay and La Salle southwestward. On his return in 
 1671, St. Lusson held a council of all the northern tribes at the 
 Sault Ste. Marie, where they formed an alliance with the French. 
 
 " It is a curious fact," says Campbell, " that the public docu- 
 ments are usually made to exhibit the local authorities as originat- 
 ing everything, when the facts brought to light from other sources 
 show that they were compelled to permit what they ostensibly 
 directed." The expeditions sent out by Talon were at least sug- 
 gested from France. The local authorities were sometimes made 
 to do things which were not, in their judgment, the wisest. 
 
 DETEOIT. 
 
 July 19, 1701, the Iroquois conveyed to King "William III all 
 their claims to land, describing their territory as " that vast tract 
 of land or colony called Canagariarchio, beginning on the north- 
 
28 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 west side of Cadarachqni lake [Ontario], and includes all that vast 
 tract of land lying between the great lake of Ottawawa [Huron], 
 and the lake called by the natives Sahiquage, and by the Christians 
 the Lake of Sweege [Oswego, for Lake Erie], and runs till it 
 butts upon the Twichtwichs, and i? bounded on the westward by 
 the Twichtwichs by a place called Quadoge, containing in length 
 about 800 miles and breadth 400 miles, including the country where 
 beavers and all sorts of wild game keeps, and the place 
 called Tjeughsaghrondie alias Fort De Tret or Wawyachtenock 
 [Detroit], and so runs round the lake of Sweege till you come to a 
 place called Oniadarundaquat," etc. 
 
 It was chiefly to prevent any further mischief, and to secure 
 more effectually the French supremacy tliat La Motte Cadillac, who 
 had great influence over the savages, succeeded, in 1701, after 
 various plans urged by him had been shelved by hostile colonial 
 intrigues, in getting permission from Count Pontchartrain to begin 
 a settlement in Detroit. His purpose was from the beginning to 
 make not only a military post, but also a civil establishment, for 
 trade and agriculture. He was more or less threatened and opposed 
 by the monopolists and by the Mackinaw missionaries, and was 
 subjected to severe persecutions. He finally triumphed and 
 obtained valuable privileges and the right of seigneury. Crafts- 
 men of all kinds were induced to settle in the town, and trade 
 flourished. He succeeded in getting the Hurons and many of the 
 Ottawas to leave Mackinaw and settle about " Fort Pontchartrain." 
 This fort stood on what was formerly called the first terrace, being 
 on the ground lying between Lamed street and the river, and 
 between Griswold and Wayne streets. Cadillac's success was so 
 great, in spite of all opposition, that he was appointed governor of 
 the new province of Louisiana, which had been granted to Crozat 
 and his associates. This appointment removed him from Detroit, 
 and immediately afterward the place was exposed to an Indian 
 siege, instigated by Englisli emissaries and conducted by the Mas- 
 coutins and Ontagamies, the same people who made the last war on 
 the whites in the territory of Michigan under Black Hawk a cen- 
 tury and a quarter later. The tribes allied to the French came in 
 with alacrity and defeated and almost annihilated the assailants, of 
 whom a thousand were put to death. 
 
 Unfortunately for the country, the commanders who succeeded 
 Cadillac for many years were narrow-minded and selfish and not 
 disposed to advance any interests beyond the lucrative traffic with 
 the Indians in peltries. It was not until 1734 that any new grants 
 were made to farmers. This was done by Governor-General Beau- 
 harnois, who made the grants on the very easiest terms. Skilled 
 artisans became numerous in Detroit, and prosperity set in all 
 around. The buildings were not of the rudest kind, but built of 
 oak or cedar, and of smooth finish. The cedar was brought from 
 a great distance. Before 1742 the pineries were known, and at a 
 very early day a saw-mill was erected on St. Clair river, near Lake 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 29 
 
 Huron. Before 1749 quarries were worked, especially at Stony 
 Island. In 1763 there were several lime kilns within the present 
 limits of Detroit, and not only stone foundations but also stone 
 buildings, existed in the settlement. Several grist-mills existed 
 along the river near Detroit. Agriculture was carried on profitably, 
 and supplies were exported quite early, consisting chiefly of corn 
 and wheat, and possibly beans and peas. Cattle, horses and swine 
 were raised in considerable numbers; but as salt was very expens- 
 ive, but little meat, if any, was packed for exportation. The salt 
 springs near Lake St. Clair, it is true, were known, and utilized to 
 some extent, but not to an appreciable extent. Gardening and fruit- 
 raising were carried on more thoroughly than general farming. 
 Apples and pears were good and abundant. 
 
 Daring the French and English war Detroit was the principal 
 source of supplies to the French troops west of Lake Ontario, and 
 it also furnished a large number of fighting men. The upper posts 
 were not much involved in this war. 
 
 " Teuchsa Grondie," one of the many ways of spelling an old 
 Indian name of Detroit, is rendered famous by a large and splen- 
 did poem of Levi Bishop, Esq., of that city. 
 
 During the whole of the 18th century the history of Michigan 
 was little else than the history of Detroit, as the genius of French 
 government was to centralize power instead of building up locali- 
 ties for self-government. 
 
 About 1704, or three years after the founding of Detroit, this 
 place was attacked by the Ottawa Indians, but unsuccessfully; and 
 again, in 1712, the Ottagaraies, or Fox Indians, who were in secret 
 alliance with the old enemies of the French, the Iroquois, attacked 
 the village and laid siege to it. They were severely repulsed, and 
 their chief offered a capitulation, which was refused. Considering 
 this an insult, they became enraged and endeavored to burn up the 
 town. Their method of firing the place was to shoot large arrows, 
 mounted with combustible material in flame, in a track through 
 the sky rainbow-form. The bows and arrows being very large and 
 stout, the Indians lay with their backs on the ground, put both feet 
 against the central portion of the inner side of the bow and pulled 
 the strings with all the might of their hands. A ball of. blazing 
 material would thus be sent arching over nearly a quarter of a 
 mile, which would come down perpendicularly upon the dry shingle 
 roofs of the houses and set them on fire. But this scheme was 
 soon checkmated by the French, who covered the remaining houses 
 with wet skins. The Foxes were considerably disappointed at this 
 and discouraged, but they made one more desperate attempt, failed, 
 and retreated toward Lake St. Clair, where they again entrenched 
 themselves. From this place, however, they were soon dislodged. 
 After this period these Indians occupied Wisconsin for a time and 
 made it dangerous for travelers passing through from the lakes to 
 the Mississippi. They were the Ishmaelites of the wilderness. 
 
30 HISTOEY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 In 1749 there was afresh accession of immigrants to all the points 
 upon the lakes, but the history of this part of the world during 
 the most of this century is rather monotonous, business and gov- 
 ernment remaining about the same, without much improvement. 
 The records nearly all concern Canada east of the lake region. It 
 is true, there was almost a constant change of commandants at the 
 posts, and there were many slight changes of administrative policy; 
 but as no great enterprises were successfully put in operation, the 
 events of the period have but little prominence. The northwest- 
 ern territory during French rule was simply a vast ranging ground 
 for the numerous Indian tribes, who had no ambition higher than 
 obtaining an immediate subsistence of the crudest kind, buying 
 arms, whisky, tobacco,. blankets and jewelry by bartering for them 
 the peltries of the chase. Like a drop in the ocean was the mis- 
 sionary work of the few Jesuits at the half dozen posts on the 
 great waters. The forests were full of otter, beaver, bear, deer, 
 grouse, quails, etc., and on the few prairies the grouse, or "prairie 
 chickens," were abundant. Not much work was required to obtain 
 a bare subsistence, and human nature generally is not disposed to 
 lay up much for the future. The present material prosperity of 
 America is really an exception to the general law of the world. 
 
 In the latter part of 1796 Winthrop Sargent went to Detroit and 
 organized the county of Wayne, forming a part of the Indiana Ter- 
 ritory until its division in 1805, when the Territory of Michigan 
 was organized. 
 
 NATIONAL POLICIES. THE GEEAT FEENCH SCHEME. 
 
 Soon after the discovery of the mouth of the Mississippi by 
 La Salle in 1682, the government of France began to encourage the 
 policy of establishing a line of trading posts and missionary stations 
 extending througli the West from Canada to Louisiana, and this 
 policy was maintained, witJi partial success, for about 75 years. 
 
 The river St. Joseph of Lake Michigan was called " the river 
 Miamis " in 1679, in which year La Salle built a small fort on its 
 bank, near the lake shore. The principal station of the mission for 
 the instruction of the Miamis was established on the borders of this 
 river. The first French post within the territory of the Miamis 
 was at the mouth of the river Miamis, on an eminence naturally 
 fortified on two sides bj- the river, and on one side by a deep ditch 
 made by a fall of water. It was of triangular form. The mission- 
 ary Hennepin gives a good description of it, as he was one of the 
 company who built it, in 1679. Says he: " We felled the trees that 
 were on the top of the hill; and having cleared the same from 
 bushes for about two musket shot, we began to build a redoubt of 
 80 feet long and 40 feet broad, with great square pieces of timber 
 laid one upon another, and prepared a great number of stakes of 
 about 25 feet long to drive into the ground, to make our fort more 
 
INDIANS ATTACKING FEONTIEKSilEN. 
 
32 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 inaccessible on the river side. We employed the whole month of 
 November about that work, which was very hard, though we had 
 no other food but the bears' flesh our savage killed. These beasts 
 are very common in that place because of the great quantity of 
 grapes they find there; but their flesh being too fat and luscious, 
 our men began to be weary of it and desired leave to go a hunting 
 to kill some wild goats. M. La Salle denied them that liberty, which 
 caused some murmurs among them; and it was but unwillingly 
 that they continued their work. This, together with the approach 
 of winter and the apprehension that M. La Salle had that his vessel 
 (the Griffin) was lost, made him very melancholy, though he con- 
 cealed it as much as he could. We made a cabin wherein we per- 
 formed divine service every Sunday, and Father Gabriel and I, who 
 preached alternately, took care to take such texts as were suitable 
 to our present circumstances and fit to inspire us with courage, 
 concord and brotherly love. * * * The fort was at last per- 
 fected, and called Fort Miamis." 
 
 In 1765 the Miami nation, or confederacy, was composed of four 
 tribes, whose total number of warriors was estimated at only 1,050 
 men. Of these about 250 wei-e Twightwees, or Miamis proper, 300 
 Weas, or Ouiatenons, 300 Piankeshaws and 260 Shockeys; and at 
 this time the principal villages of the Twightwees were situated 
 about the head of the Maumee river at and near the place where 
 Fort Wayne now is. The larger Wea villages were near the banks 
 of the Wabash river, in the vicinity of the Post Ouiatenon; and 
 the Shockeys and Piankeshaws dwelt on the banks of the Vermillion, 
 and on the borders of the Wabash between Vincennes and Ouiate- 
 non. Branches of the Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Delaware and Kicka- 
 poo tribes were permitted at difierent times to enter within the 
 boundaries of the Miamis and reside for a while. 
 
 The wars in which France and England were engaged, from 1688 
 to 1697, retarded the growth of the colonies of those nations in 
 North America, and the efforts made by France to connect Canada 
 and the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of trading posts and colonies 
 naturally excited the jealousy of England and gradually laid the 
 foundation for a struggle at arms. After several stations were estab- 
 lished elsewhere in the West, trading posts were started at the 
 Miami villages, which stood at the head of the Maumee, at the Wea 
 villages about Ouiatenon on the Wabash, and at the Piankeshaw vil- 
 lages about the present sight of Vincennes. It is probable that before 
 the close of the year 1719 temporary trading posts were erected at 
 the sites of Fort Wayne, Ouiatenon and Vincennes. These points 
 were probably often visited by French fur traders prior to 1700. 
 In the meanwhile the English people in this country commenced 
 also to establish military posts west of the Alleghanies, and thus 
 matters went on until they naturally culminated in a general war, 
 which, being waged by the French and Indians combined on one 
 side, was called " the French and Indian war." This war was ter- 
 minated in 1763 by a treaty at Paris, by which France ceded to 
 
HISTOKY or MICHIGAN. 33 
 
 Great Britain all of North America east of the Mississippi except 
 New Orleans and the island on which it is situated; and indeed, 
 France had the preceding autumn, by a secret convention, ceded to 
 Spain all the country west of that river. 
 
 In 1762, after Canada and its dependencies had been surrendered 
 to the English, Pontiac and his partisans secretly organized a pow- 
 erful confederacy in order to crush at one blow all English power 
 in the West. This great scheme was skillfully projected and cau- 
 tiously matured. 
 
 The principal act in the programme was to gain admittance into 
 the fort at Detroit, on pretense of a friendly visit, with shortened 
 muskets concealed under their blankets, and on a given signal sud- 
 denly break forth upon the garrison; but an inadvertent remark of 
 an Indian woman led to a discovery of the plot, which was conse- 
 quently averted. Pontiac and his warriors afterward made many 
 attacks upon the English, some of which were successful, but the 
 Indians were finally defeated in the general war. 
 
 BRITISH POLICY. 
 
 In 1765 the total number of French families within the limits of 
 the Northwestern Territory did not probably exceed 600. These 
 were in settlements about Detroit, along the river Wabash and the 
 neighborhood of Fort Chartres on the Mississippi. Of these fami- 
 lies, about 80 or 90 resided at Post Yincennes, 14 at Fort Ouiate- 
 non, on the Wabash, and nine or ten at the confluence of the St. 
 Mary and St. Joseph rivers. 
 
 The colonial policy of the British government opposed any meas- 
 ures which might strengthen settlements in the interior of this 
 country, lest they become self-supporting and independent of the 
 mother country; hence the early and rapid settlement of the North- 
 western Territory was still further retarded by the short-sighted 
 selfishness of England. That fatal policy consisted mainly in hold- 
 ing the land in the hands of the government and not allowing it to 
 be subdivided and sold to settlers. But in spite of all her efforts 
 in this direction,' she constantly made just such efforts as provoked 
 the American people to rebel, and to rebel successfully, which was 
 within 15 years after the perfect close of the French and Indian 
 war. 
 
 AMERICAN POLICY. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson, the shrewd statesman and wise Governor of 
 Virginia, saw from the first that actual occupation of Western lands 
 was the only way to keep them out of the hands of foreigners and 
 Indians. Therefore, directly after the conquest of Yincennes by 
 Clark, he engaged a scientific corps to proceed under an escort to 
 
 3 
 
34 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 the Mississippi, and ascertain by celestial observations the point on 
 tliat river intersected by latitude 36" 30', the southern limit of the 
 State, and to measure its distance to the Ohio. To Gen. Clark was 
 entrusted the conduct of the military operations in that quarter. 
 He was instructed to select a strong position near that point and 
 establish there a fort and garrison; thence to extend his conquest 
 northward to the lakes, erecting forts at different points, which 
 might serve as monuments of actual possession, besides affording 
 protection to that portion of the country. Fort " Jefferson " was 
 erected and garrisoned on the Mississippi a few miles above the 
 southern limit. 
 
 The result of these operations was the addition, to the chartered 
 limits of Virginia, of that immense region known as the " North- 
 western Territory." The simple fact that such and such forts were 
 established by the Americans in this vast region convinced the Brit- 
 ish. Commissioners that we had entitled ourselves to the land. But 
 where are those " monuments " of our power now? 
 
 ORDINANCE OF 1787. 
 
 This ordinance has a marvelous and interesting history. Con- 
 siderable controversy has been indulged in as to who is entitled to 
 the credit for framing it. Tliis belongs, undoubtedly, to T^athan 
 Dane; and to Rufus King and Timothy Pickering belong the ci'edit 
 for suggesting the proviso contained in it against slavery, and also 
 for aids to religion and knowledge, and for assuring forever the 
 common use, without charge, of the great national highways of the 
 Mississippi, the St. Lawrence and their tributaries to all the citi- 
 zens of the United States. To Thomas Jefferson is also due much 
 credit, as some features of this ordinance were embraced in liis or- 
 dinance of 1784. But the part taken by eacii in the long, laborious 
 and eventful struggle which had so glorious a consummation in 
 the ordinance, consecrating forever, by one imprescriptible and un- 
 changeable monument, the ver}' heart of our country to freedom, 
 knowledge and union, will forever honor the names of those illustri- 
 ous statesmen. 
 
 Mr. Jefferson had vainly tried to secure a system of government 
 for the JSTorthwestern Territory. He was an emancipationist and 
 favored the exclusion of slavery from the Territory, but the South 
 voted him down every time he proposed a measure of this nature. 
 In 1787, as late as July 10, an organizing act without the anti- 
 slavery clause was pending. This concession to the South was 
 expected to carry it. Congress was in session in New York. On 
 July 6, Rev. Manasseh Cutler, of Massachusetts, came into New 
 York to lobby on the Northwestern Territory. Everything seemed 
 to fall into his hands. Events were ripe. The state of the public 
 credit, the growing of Southern prejudice, the basis of his mission, 
 his personal character, all combined to complete one of those sudden 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 35 
 
 and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that once in five or 
 ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the breath of the 
 Almighty. 
 
 Cutler was a graduate of Tale. He had studied and taken de- 
 grees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. 
 He had published a scientific examination of the plants of New 
 England. As a scientist in America his name stood second only to 
 that of Franklin. He was a courtly gentleman of the old style, a 
 man of commanding presence and of inviting face. The Southern 
 members said they had never seen such a gentleman in the North. 
 He came representing a Massachusetts company that desired to 
 purchase a tract of land, now included in Ohio, for the purpose of 
 planting a colony. It was a speculation. Government money was 
 worth eighteen cents on the dollar. This company had collected 
 enough to purchase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in 
 New York made Dr. Cutler their agent, which enabled him to 
 represent a demand for 5,500,000 acres. As this would reduce the 
 national debt, and Jefferson's policy was to provide for the public 
 credit, it presented a good opportunity to do something. 
 
 Massachusetts then owned the territory of Maine, which she was 
 crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the North- 
 western region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught 
 the inspiration, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The entire South ral. 
 lied around him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, be- 
 cause many of the constuitents of her members were interested 
 personally in the Western speculation. Thus Cutler, making 
 friends in the South, and doubtless using all the arts of the lobby, 
 was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convic- 
 tions, he dictated one of the most compact and finished documents 
 of wise statesmanship that has ever adorned any human law book. 
 He borrowed from Jefferson the term "Articles of Compact," which, 
 preceding the federal constitution, rose into the most sacred char- 
 acter. He then followed very closely the constitution of Massa- 
 chusetts, adopted three years before. Its most prominent points 
 were: 
 
 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 
 
 2. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a semi- 
 nary and every section numbered 16 in each township; that is, one 
 thirty-sixth of all the land for public schools. 
 
 3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or 
 the enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. 
 
36 HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that " re- 
 ligion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good govern- 
 ment and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of edu- 
 cation shall always be encouraged." Dr. Cutler planted himself 
 on this platform and would not yield. Giving his unqualified dec- 
 laration that it was that or nothing,— that unless they could make 
 the land desirable they did not want it, — he took his horse and buggy 
 and started for the constitutional convention at Philadelphia. On 
 July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unani- 
 mously adopted. Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
 Michigan and Wisconsin, a vast empire, were consecrated to free 
 dom, intelligence, and morality. Thus the great heart of the nation 
 was prepared to save the union of States, for it was this act that was 
 the salvation of the republic and the destruction of slavery. Soon 
 the South saw their great blunder and tried to have the compact 
 repealed. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee, of which 
 John Randolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance 
 was a compact and opposed repeal. Thus it stood, a rock in the 
 way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. 
 
 The " Northwestern Territory " included of course what is now 
 the State of Indiana; and Oct 5, 1787, Maj. Gen. Arthur St. Clair 
 was elected by Congress Governor of this territory. Upon 
 commencing the duties of his office he was instructed to ascertain 
 the real temper of the Indians and do all in his power to remove 
 the causes for controversy between them and the United States, 
 and to efiect the extinguishment of Indian titles to all the land 
 possible. The Governor took up quarters in the new settlement of 
 Marietta,. Ohio, where he immediately began the organization of 
 the government of the territory. The first session of the General 
 Court of the new territory was held at that place in 1788, the 
 Judges being Samuel H. Parsons, James M. Varnum and John C. 
 Symmes, but under the ordinance Gov. St. Clair was President of 
 the Court. After the first session, and after the necessary laws for 
 government were adopted. Gov. St. Clair, accompanied by the 
 Judges, visited Kaskaskia for the purpose of organizing a civil gov- 
 ernment there. Full instructions had been sent to Maj. Hamtramck, 
 commandant at Vincennes, to ascertain the exact feeling and temper 
 of tLa Indian tribes of the "Wabash. These instructions were ac- 
 companied by speeches to each of the tribes. A Frenchman named 
 Antoine Gamelin was dispatched with these messages April 5, 1790, 
 who visited nearly all the tribes on the "Wabash, St. Joseph and St. 
 
GEN. GEOEGE KOGEES GLAKK. 
 
38 HISTOKT OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 Mary's rivers, but was coldly received ; most of the chiefs being 
 dissatisfied with the policy of the Americans toward them, and 
 prejudiced through English misrepresentation. Full accounts of 
 his adventures among the tribes reached Gov. St. Clair at Kaskas- 
 kia in June, 1790. Being satisfied that there was no prospect of 
 efiecting a general peace with the Indians of Indiana, he resolved 
 to visit Gen. Harmar at his headquarters at Fort Washington and 
 consult with him on the means of carrying an expedition against 
 the hostile Indians; but before leaving he intrusted Winthrop 
 Sargent, the Secretary of the Territory, with the execution of the 
 resolutions of Congress regarding the lands and settlers on the 
 Wabash. He directed that officer to proceed to Vincennes, lay 
 out a county there, establish the militia and appoint the necessary 
 civil and military officers. Accordingly Mr. Sargent went to Yin- 
 cennes and organized Camp Knox, appointed the officers, and noti- 
 fied the inhabitants to present their claims to lands. In establish- 
 ing these claims the settlers found great difficulty, and concerning 
 this matter the Secretary in his report to the President wrote as 
 follows : 
 
 " Although the lands and lots which were awarded to the inhabi- 
 tants appeared from very good oral testimony to belong to those 
 persons to whom they were awarded, either by original grants, pur- 
 chase or inheritance, yet there was scarcely one case in twenty 
 where the title was complete, owing to the desultory manner in 
 which public business had been transacted and some other unfor- 
 tunate causes. The original concessions by the French and British 
 commandants were generally made upon a small scrap of paper, 
 which it has been customary to lodge in the notary's office, who 
 has seldom kept any book of record, but committed the most im- 
 portant land concerns to loose sheets, which in process of time 
 have come into possession of persons that have fraudulently de- 
 stroyed them; or, unacquainted with their consequence, innocently 
 lost or trifled them away. By French usage they are considered 
 family inheritances, and often descend to women and children. In 
 one instance, and during the government of St. Ange here, a royal 
 notary ran off with all the public papers in his possession, as by a 
 certificate produced to me. And I am very sorry further to observe 
 that in the office of Mr. Le Grand, which continued from 1777 to 
 1787, and where should have been the vouchers for important land 
 transactions, the records have been so falsified, and there is such 
 gross fraud and forgery, as to invalidate all evidence and informa- 
 tion which I might have otherwise acquired from his papers." 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 39 
 
 Mr. Sargent says there were about 150 French families at Vin- 
 cennes in 1T90. The heads of all these families had been at one time 
 vested with certain titles to a portion of the soil; and while the 
 Secretary was busy in straightening out these claims, he received 
 a petition signed by 80 Americans, asking for the confirmation of 
 grants of land ceded by the Court organized by Col. John Todd 
 under the authority of Yirginia. "With reference to this cause, 
 Congress, March 3, 1791, empowered the Territorial Governor, in 
 cases where land had been actually improved and cultivated under 
 a supposed grant for the same, to confirm to the persons who made 
 such improvements the lands supposed to have been granted, not, 
 however, exceeding the quantity of 400 acres to any one person. 
 
 THE FKENCH AND INDIAN WAE. 
 
 Soon after the discovery of the mouth of the Mississippi in 1682, 
 the government of France began to encourage the policy of estab- 
 lishing a line of trading posts and missionary stations extending 
 through the "West from Canada and the great lakes to Louisiana; 
 and this policy was maintained, with partial success, for about 75 
 years. British power was the rival upon which the French con- 
 tinually kept their eye. Of course a collision of arms would re- 
 sult in a short time, and this commenced about 1755. In 1760 
 Canada, including the lake region, fell into the hands of the British. 
 During the war occurred Braddock's defeat, the battles of Niagara, 
 Crown Point and Lake George, and the death of brave Wolfe and 
 Montcalm. Sept. 12, this year. Major Robert Rogers, a native of 
 New Hampshire, a provincial officer and then at the height of his 
 reputation, received orders from Sir Jeffrey Amherst to ascend the 
 lakes with a detachment of rangers, and take possession, in the 
 name of his Britannic Majesty, of Detroit, Michilimackinac, and 
 other Western posts included in the capitulation of Montreal. He left 
 the latter place on the following day with 200 rangers in 15 whale 
 boats. 'Eov. 7 they reached the mouth of a river (" Chogage ") on 
 the southern coast of lake Erie, where they were met by Pontiac, 
 the Indian chief, who now appears for the first time upon the pages 
 of Michigan history. He haughtily demanded of Rogers why he 
 shonld appear in his realm with his forces without his permission. 
 The Major informed him that the English had obtained permission 
 of Canada, and that he was on his way to Detroit to publish the 
 fact and to restore a general peace to white men and Indians alike. 
 The next day Pontiac signified his willingness to live at peace with 
 the English, allowing them to remain in his country, provided they 
 paid him due respect. He knew that French power was on the 
 wane, and that it was to the interest of his tribes to establish an 
 early peace with the new power. The Indians, who had collected 
 at the month of Detroit, reported 400 strong, to resist the coming 
 of the British forces, were easily influenced by Pontiac to yield the 
 situation to Rogers. Even the French commandant at Detroit, 
 
40 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 Capt. Beletre, was in a situation similar to that of the Indians, 
 and received the news of the defeat of the French from Major 
 Eo^ers. He was indignant and incredulous, and tried to rouse the 
 fury of his old-time friends, the Indians, but found them "faith- 
 less " in this hour of his need. He surrendered with an ill grace, 
 amid the yells of several hundred Indian warriors. It was a source 
 of great amazement to the Indians to see so many men surrender 
 to so few. Nothing is more effective in gaining the respect of In- 
 dians than a display of power, and the above proceedings led them 
 to be overawed by English prowess. They were astonished also at 
 the forbearance of the conquerors in not killing their vanquished 
 enemies on the spot. 
 
 This surrender of Detroit was on the 29th of November, 1760. 
 The posts elsewhere in the lake region north and west were not 
 reached until some time afterward. The English now thought they 
 had the country perfectly in their own hands and that there was 
 but little trouble ahead; but in this respect they were mistaken. 
 The French renewed their efforts to circulate reports among the 
 Indians that the English intended to take all their land from them, 
 etc. The slaughter of the Monongahela, the massacre at Fort 
 William Henry and the horrible devastation of the Western fron- 
 tier, all bore witness to the fact that the French were successful in 
 prejudicing the Indians against the British, and the latter began to 
 liave trouble at various points. The French had always been in 
 the habit of making presents to the Indians, keeping them supplied 
 with arms, ammunition, etc., and it was not their policy to settle 
 upon their lands. The British, on the other hand, now supplied 
 them with nothing, frequently insulting them when they appeared 
 around the forts. Everything conspired to fix the Indian popula- 
 tion in their prejudices against the British Government. Even the 
 seeds of the American Eevolution were scattered into the West and 
 besran to grow. 
 
 The first Indian chief to raise the war-whoop was probably Kia- 
 sliuta, of the Senecas, but Pontiac, of the Ottawas, was the great 
 George Washington of all the tribes to systemize and render effect- 
 ual the initial movements of the approaching storm. His home 
 was about eight miles above Detroit, on Pechee Island, wliich looks 
 ont upon the waters of Lake St. Clair. He was a well-formed man, 
 with a countenance indicating a high degree of intelligence. In 
 1746 he had successfully defended Detroit against the northern 
 tribes, and it is probable he was present and assisted in the defeat 
 of Braddock. 
 
 About the close of 1762 he called a general council of the tribes 
 sending out embassadors in all directions, who with the war-belt of 
 wampum and the tomahawk went from village to village and camp 
 to camp, informing the sachems everywhere that war was impend- 
 ing, and delivering to them the message of Pontiac. They all 
 approved the message, and April 27, 1763, a grand council was held 
 near Detroit, when Pontiac stood forth in war paint and delivered 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 41 
 
 " the great speech of the campaign." The English were slow to 
 perceive any dangerous conspiracy in progress, and when the blow 
 was struck, nine out of twelve of the British posts were surprised 
 and destroyed! Three of these were within the bounds of this 
 State. 
 The first prominent event of the war was the 
 
 MASSACRE AT FORT MIOHILIMACKINAC, 
 
 on the northernmost point of the southern peninsula, the site of the 
 present city of Mackinaw. This Indian outrage was one of the most 
 ingeniously devised and resolutely executed schemes in American 
 history. The Ohippewas (or Ojibways) appointed one of their big 
 ball plays in the vicinity of the post, and invited and inveigled as 
 many of the occupants as they could to the scene of play, then fell 
 upon the unsuspecting and unguarded English in the most brutal 
 manner. For the details of this horrible scene we are indebted to 
 Alexander Henry, a trader at that point, who experienced several 
 most blood-cnrdling escapes from death and scalping at the hands of 
 the savages. The result of the massacre was the death of about 70 
 out of 90 persons. The Ottawa Indians, who occupied mainly the 
 eastern portion of the lower peninsula, were not consulted by the 
 Ohippewas with reference to attacking Michilimackinac, and were 
 consequently so enraged that they espoused the cause of the English, 
 through spite; and it was through their instrumentality that Mr, 
 Henry and some of his comrades were saved from death and con- 
 veyed east to the regions of civilization. 
 
 Of Mr. Henry's narrow escapes we give the following succinct 
 account. Instead of attending the ball play of the Indians he spent 
 the day writing letters to his friends, as a canoe was to leave for the 
 East the following day. While thus engaged, he heard an Indian 
 war cry and a noise of general confusion. Looking out of the win- 
 dow, he saw a crowd of Indians within the fort, that is, within the 
 village palisade, who were cutting down and scalping every English- 
 man they found . He seized a fowling-piece which he had at hand, 
 and waited a moment for the signal, the drum beat to arms. In 
 that dreadful interval he saw several of his countrymen fall under 
 the tomahawk and struggle between the knees of an Indian who 
 held him in this manner to scalp him while still alive. Mr. Henry 
 heard no signal to arms; and seeing that it was useless to under- 
 take to resist 400 Indians, he thought only of shelter for himself 
 He saw many of the Canadian inhabitants of the fort calmly look- 
 ing on, neither opposing the Indians nor suffering injury, and ho 
 therefore concluded he might find safety in some of their houses. 
 He stealthily ran to one occupied by Mr. Langlade and family, who 
 were at their windows beholding the bloody scene. Mr. L. scarcely 
 dared to harbor him, but a Pawnee slave of the former concealed 
 him in the garret, locked the stairway door and took away the key. 
 In this situation Mr. Henry obtained through an aperture a view 
 
43 HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 of what was going on without. He saw the dead scalped and raaii- 
 o-led, the dying in writhing agony under the insatiate knife and 
 tomahawk, and^the savages drinking human blood from the hollow 
 of their joined hands! Mr. Henry almost felt as if he were a vic- 
 tim himself, so intense were his sufferings. Soon the Indian fiends 
 began to halloo, " All is finished!" At this instjant Henry heard 
 some of the Indians enter the house in which he had taken shelter. 
 The garret was separated from the room below by only a layer of 
 single boards, and Mr. Henry heard all that was said. As soon as 
 the^Indians entered they inquired whether there were any English- 
 men in the house. Mr. ].,anglade replied that he could not say; 
 they might examine for themselves. He then conducted them to 
 the garret door. As the door was locked, a moment of time was 
 snatched by Mr. Henry to crawl into a heap of birch-bark vessels 
 in a dark corner; and although several Indians searched around tlie 
 garret, one of them coming within arm's length of the sweating 
 prisoner, they went out satisfied that no Englishman was there. 
 
 As Mr. Henry was passing the succeeding night in this room he 
 could think of no possible chance of escape from the country. He 
 was out of provisions, the nearest post was Detroit, 400 miles away, 
 and the route thither lay through the enemy's country. The next 
 morning he heard Indian voices below informing Mr. Langlade that 
 they had not found an Englishman named Henry among the dead, 
 and that they believed him to be somewhere concealed. Mrs. L., 
 believing that the safety of the household depended on giving up 
 the refugee to his pursuers, prevailed on her husband to lead the 
 Indians up stairs, to the room of Mr. H. The latter was saved from 
 instant death by one of the savages adopting him as a " brother," 
 in the place of one lost. The Indians were all mad with liquor, 
 however, and Mr. H. again very narrowly escaped death. An hour 
 afterward he was taken out of the fort by an Indian indebted to him 
 for goods, and was under the uplifted knife of the savage when he 
 suddenly broke away from him and made back to Mr. Langlade's 
 house, barely escaping the knife of the Indian the whole distance. 
 The next day he, with three other prisoners, were taken in a canoe 
 toward Lake Michigan, and at Fox Point, 18 miles distant, the 
 Ottawas rescued the whites, through spite at the Chippewas, say- 
 ing that the latter contemplated killing and eating them; but the 
 next day they were returned to the Chippewas, as the result of some 
 kind of agreement about the conduct of the war. He was rescued 
 again by an old friendly Indian claiming him as a brother. The 
 next morning he saw the dead bodies of seven whites dragged forth 
 from the prison lodge he had just occupied. The fattest of these 
 dead bodies was actually served up and feasted on, directly before 
 the eyes of Mr. Henry. 
 
 Through the partiality of the Ottawas and complications of mili- 
 tary affairs among the Indians, Mr. Henry, after severe exposures 
 and many more thrilling escapes, was finally landed within terri- 
 tory occupied by whites. 
 
GEN. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR. 
 
44 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 For more than a year after the massacre, Michilimackinac was 
 occupied only by wood rangers and Indians; tlien, after the treaty, 
 Capt. Howard was sent with troops to take possession. 
 
 SIEGE OF DETROIT. 
 
 In the spring of 1763 Pontiac determined to take Detroit by an 
 ingenious assault. He had his men file off their guns so that they 
 would be short enough to conceal under their blanket clothing as 
 they entered the fortification. A Canadian woman who went over 
 to their village on the east side of the river to obtain some venison, 
 saw them thus at work on their guns, and suspected they were pre- 
 paring for an attack on the whites. She told her neighbors what 
 she had seen, and one of them informed the commandant, Ma,]or 
 Gladwvn, who at first slighted the advice, but before another day 
 passed'he had full knowledge of the plot. There is a legeijd that a 
 beautiful Chippewa girl, well known to Gladwyn, divulged to him 
 the scheme which the Indians had in view, namely, that the next 
 day Pontiac would come to the fort with 60 of his chiefs, each 
 armed with a gun cut short and hidden under his blanket; that 
 Pontiac would demand a council, deliver a speech, offer a peace-belt 
 of wampum, holding it in a reversed position as the signal for 
 attack; that the chiefs, sitting upon the ground, would then sjjring 
 up and fire upon the officers, and the Indians out in the streets 
 would next fall upon the garrison, and kill every Englishman, but 
 sparing all the French. 
 
 Gladwyn accordingly put the place in a state of defense as well as 
 he could, and arranged for a quiet reception ^of the Indians and a 
 sudden attack upon them when he should give a signal. At 10 
 o'clock, May 7, according to the girl's prediction, the Indians came, 
 entered the fort and proceeded with the programme, but with some 
 hesitation, as they saw their plot had been discovered. Pontiac 
 made his speech, professing friendship for the English, etc., and 
 without giving his signal for attack, sat down, and heard Major 
 Gladwyn's reply, who suffered him and his men to retire unmo- 
 lested. He probably feared to take them as prisoners, as war was 
 not actually commenced. The next day Pontiac determined to try 
 again, but was refused entrance at the gate unless he should come 
 in alone. He turned away in a rage, and in a few minutes some of 
 his men commenced the peculiarly Indian work of attackino- an 
 innocent household and murdering them, just beyond the raiige of 
 British guns. Another squad murdered an Englishman on an 
 island at a little distance. Pontiac did not authorize these pro- 
 ceedings, but retired across the river and ordered preparations to 
 be made for taking the fort by direct assault, the headquarters of 
 the camp to be on " Bloody run" west of the river. Meanwhile 
 the garrison was kept in readiness for any outbreak. The very next 
 day Pontiac, having received reinforcements from the Chippewas 
 of Saginaw Bay, commenced the attack, but was repulsed; no deaths 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 45 
 
 upon eitKer side. Gladwyn sent embassadors to arrange for peace, 
 but Pontiac, although professing to be willing in a general way to 
 conclude peace, would not agree to any particular proposition. A 
 number of Canadians visited the fort and warned the commandant 
 to evacuate, as 1,500 or moi'e Indians would storm the place in an 
 hour; and soon afterward a Canadian came with a summons from 
 Pontiac, demanding Gladwyn to surrender the post at once, and 
 promising that, in case of compliance, he and his men would be 
 allowed to go on board their vessels unmolested, leaving their arms 
 and eflfects behind. To both these advices Major Gladwyn gave a 
 flat refusal. 
 
 Only three weeks' provisions were within the fort, and the garri- 
 son was in a deplorable condition. A few Canadians, however, 
 from across the river, sent some provisions occasionally, by night. 
 Had it not been for this timely assistance, the garrison would 
 doubtless have had to abandon the fort. The Indians themsehes 
 soon began to suffer from hunger, as they had not prepared for a 
 long siege; but Pontiac, after some maraudings upon the French 
 settlers had been made, issued " promises to pay" on birch bark, 
 with which he pacified the residents. He subsequently redeemed 
 all these notes. About the end of July Capt. Dalzell arrived from 
 Niagara with re-enforcements and provisions, and persuaded Glad- 
 wyn to undertake an aggressive movement against Pontiac. Dalzell 
 was detailed for the purpose of attacking the camp at Parent's 
 creek, a mile and a half away, but being delayed a day, Pontiac 
 learned of his movements and prepared his men to contest his 
 march. On the next morning, July 31, before day-break, Dalzell 
 went out with 250 men, but was repulsed with a loss of 59 killed 
 and wounded, while the Indians lost less than half that number. 
 Parent's creek was afterward known as "Bloody run." 
 
 Shortly afterward, the schooner " Gladwyn," on its return from 
 Niagara with ammunition and prov.isions,anchored about nine miles 
 below Detroit for the night, when in the darkness about 300 Indians 
 in canoes came quietly upon the vessel and very nearly succeeded 
 in taking it. Slaughter proceeded vigorously until the mate gave 
 orders to his men to blow up the schooner, when the Indians, under- 
 standing the design, fled precipitately, plunging into the water and 
 swimming ashore. This desperate command saved the crew, and 
 the schooner succeeded in reaching the post with the much needed 
 supply of provisions. 
 
 By this time, September, most of the tribes around Detroit were 
 disposed to sue for peace. A truce being obtained, Gladwyn laid in 
 provisions for the winter, while Pontiac retired with his chiefs to 
 the Maumee country, only to prepare for a resumption of war the 
 next spring. He or his allies the next season . carried on a petty 
 warfare until in August, when the garrison, now worn out and 
 reduced, were relieved by fresh troops. Major Bradstreet com- 
 manding. Pontiac retired to the Maumee again, still to stir up 
 hate against the British. Meanwhile the Indians near Detroit, 
 
46 HISTOKY OF MICHIGA.N. 
 
 scarcely comprehending what they were doing, were induced by 
 Bradstreet to declare themselves subjects of Great Britain. An 
 embassy sent to Pontiac induced him also to cease belligerent 
 operations against the British. 
 
 In 1769 the great chief and warrior, Pontiac, was killed in Illi- 
 nois by a Kaskaskia Indian, for a barrel of whisky offered by an 
 Englishman named Williamson. 
 
 The British at Detroit now changed their policy somewhat, and 
 endeavored to conciliate the Indians, paying them for land and 
 encouraging French settlements in the vicinity. This encourage- 
 ment was exhibited, in part, in showing some partiality to French 
 customs. 
 
 At this time the far trade was considerably revived, the princi- 
 pal point of shipment being the Grand Portage of Lake Superior. 
 The charter boundaries of the two companies, the Hudson's Bay 
 and the JN^orthwest, not having been very well defined, the employes 
 of the respective companies often came into conflict. Lord Selkirk, 
 the head of the former company, ended the difficulty by uniting 
 the stock of both companies. An attempt was also made to mine 
 and ship copper, but the project wus found too expensive. 
 
 AMERICAN EEVOLUTION. 
 
 By this important struggle the territory of the present State of 
 Michigan was but little affected, the posts of Detroit and Mackinaw 
 being the principal points whence the British operated among the 
 Indians to prejudice them against the " Americans," going so far 
 as to pay a reward for scalps, which the savages of course hesitated 
 not to take from defenseless inhabitants. The expeditions made by 
 the Indians for this purpose were even supported sometimes by the 
 regular troops and local militia. One of these joint expeditions, 
 commanded by Capt. Byrd, set out from Detroit to attack Louis- 
 ville, Ky. It proceeded in boats as far as it could ascend the 
 Maumee, and thence crossed to the Ohio river, on which stream 
 Ruddle's Station was situated, which surrendered at once, without 
 fighting, under the promise of being protected from the Indians; 
 but this promise was broken and all the prisoners massacred. 
 
 Another expedition, under Gov. Hamilton, the commandant at 
 Detroit, started out in 1778, and appeared at Vincennes, Ind., with 
 a force of 30 regulars, 50 French volunteers and about 400 Indians. 
 At this fort the garrison consisted only of Capt. Helm and one 
 soldier, named Henry. Seeing the troops at a distance, they loaded 
 a cannon, which they placed in the open gateway; and Capt. Helm 
 stood by the cannon with a lighted match. "When Hamilton with 
 his army approached within hailing distance. Helm called out with a 
 loud voice, "Halt!" This show of resistance made Hamilton stop 
 and demand a surrender of the garrison. "No man," exclaimed 
 Helm, with an oath, " enters here until I know the terms." Ham- 
 ilton replied, " You shall have the honors of war." Helm thereupon 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 47 
 
 surrendered the fort, and the whole garrison, consisting of the two 
 already named (!), marched out and received the customary marks 
 of respect for their brave defense. Hamilton was soon afterward 
 made to surrender this place to Gen. G€^orge Rogers Clark, the 
 ablest American defender in the West. The British soldiers were 
 allowed to return to Detroit; but their commander, who was known 
 to have been active in instigating Indian barbarities, was put in 
 irons and sent to Virginia as a prisoner of war. 
 
 The English at Detroit suspected that a certain settlement of 
 pious Moravian missionaries on the Muskingum river were aiding 
 the American cause, and they called a conference at Niagara and 
 urged the Iroquois to break up the Indian congregation which had 
 collected under these missionaries; but the Iroquois declined to 
 concern themselves so deeply in white men's quarrels, and sent 
 a message to the Chippewas and Ottawas, requesting them to " make 
 soup " of the Indian congregation on the Muskingum. 
 
 These Moravian missionaries came to Detroit in 1781, before De 
 Peyster, the commandant. A war council was held, and the council- 
 house completely filled with Indians. Capt. Pike, an Indian chief, 
 addressed the assembly and told the commandant that the English 
 might fight the Americans if they chose; it was their cause, not his; 
 that they had raised a quarrel among themselves, and it was their 
 business to fight it out. They had set him on the Americans as the 
 hunter sets his dog upon the game. By the side of the British 
 commander stood another war chief, with a stick in his hand four 
 feet in length, strung with American scalps. This warrior fol- 
 lowed Capt. Pike, saying: " Now, father, here is what has been done 
 with the hatchet you gave me. I have made the use of it you 
 ordered me to do, and found it sharp." 
 
 The events just related are specimens of what occurred at and in 
 connection with Detroit from the close of Pontiac's war until a 
 number of years after the establishment of American independence. 
 When the treaty of peace was signed at Yersailles in 1783, the British 
 on the frontier reduced their aggressive policy somewhat, but they 
 continued to occupy the lake posts until 1796, on the claim that 
 the lake region was not designed to be included in the treaty by the 
 commissioners, probably on account of their ignorance of the geog- 
 raphy of the region. Meanwhile the Indians extensively organized 
 for depredation upon the Americans, and continued to harass them 
 at every point. 
 
 During this period Alex. McKenzie, an agent of the British gov- 
 ernment, visited Detroit, painted like an Indian, and said that he 
 was just from the upper lakes, and that the tribes in that region 
 were all in arms against any further immigration of Americans, 
 and were ready to attack the infant settlements in Ohio. His state- 
 ments had the desired effect; and, encouraged also by an agent from 
 the Spanish settlements on the Mississippi, the Indians organized a 
 great confederacy against the United States. To put this down, 
 Gen. Harmar was first sent out^by the Government, with 1,400 men; 
 
48 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 but he imprudently divided his army, and he was taken by surprise 
 and defeated by a body of Indians under " Little Turtle." Gen. 
 Arthur St. Clair was next sent out, with 2,000 men, and he suf- 
 fered a like fate. Then Gen. Anthony Wayne was sent West with 
 a still larger army, and on the Maumee he gained an easy victory 
 over the Indians, within a few miles of a British post. He 
 finally concluded a treaty with the Indians at Greenville, which 
 broke up the Avhole confederacy. The British soon afterward gave 
 up Detroit and Mackinaw. 
 
 " It was a considerable time before the Territory of Michigan, 
 now in the possession of the United States, was improved or altered 
 by the increase of settlements. The Canadian French continued to 
 form the principal part of its population. The interior of the coun- 
 try was but little known, except by the Indians and the fur traders. 
 The Indian title not being fully extinguished, no lands were 
 brought into market, and consequently the settlements increased 
 but slowly. The State of Michigan at this time constituted simply 
 the county of Wayne in Northwest Territory. It sent one Repre- 
 sentative to the Legislature of that Territory, which was held at 
 Chillicothe. A court of common pleas was organized for the 
 county, and the General Court of the whole Territory sometimes 
 met at Detroit. No roads had as yet been constructed through the 
 interior, nor were there any settlements except on the frontiers. 
 The habits of the people were essentially military, and but little 
 attention was paid to agriculture except by the French peasantry. 
 A representation was sent to the General Assembly of the North- 
 west Territory at Chillicothe until 1800, when Indiana was erected 
 into a separate Territory. Two years later Michigan was annexed 
 to Indiana Territory; but in 1805 Michigan separated, and "William 
 Hull appointed its first Governor." — Tuttle's Hist. Mich. 
 
 The British revived the old prejudices that the Americans intended 
 to drive the Indians out of the country, and the latter, under 
 thelead of Tecumseh and his brother Elkswatawa, " the prophet," 
 organized again on an extensive scale to make war upon the Amer- 
 icans. The great idea of Tecumseh's life was a universal confed- 
 eracy of all the Indian tribes north and south to resist the invasion 
 of the whites; and his plan was to surprise them at all their posts 
 throughout the country and capture them by the first assault. At 
 this time the entire white population of Michigan was about 4,800, 
 four-fifths of whom were French and the remainder Americans. 
 The settlements were situated on the rivers Miami and Raisin, on the 
 Huron of Lake Erie, on the Ecorse, Rouge and Detroit rivers, on 
 the Huron of St. Clair, on the St. Clair river and Mackinaw island. 
 Besides, there were here and there a group of huts belonging to the 
 French fur traders. The villages on the Maumee, the Raisin and 
 the Huron of Lake Erie contained a population of about 1,300; 
 the settlements at Detroit and northward had about 2,200; Mack- 
 inaw about 1,000. Detroit was garrisoned by 94 men and Mack- 
 inaw by 79. 
 
mM 
 
 1^-^' /\tl ..,.iv I* / 
 
 
 TKAPPING. 
 
TECUMSEH. 
 
 If one should inquire who has been the greatest Indian, the most 
 noted, the " principal Indian " in North America since its discov- 
 ery by Columbus, we would be obliged to answer, Tecumseh. For 
 all those qualities which elevate a man far above his race; for talent, 
 tact, skill and bravery as a warrior; for high-minded, honorable and 
 chivalrous bearing as a man; in a word, for all those elements of 
 greatness which place him a long way above his fellows in savage 
 life, the name and fame of Tecnmseh will go down to posterity in 
 the "West as one of the most celebrated of the aborigines of this 
 continent, — as one who had no equal among the tribes that dwelt 
 in the country drained by the Mississippi. Born to command him- 
 self, he used all the appliances that would stimulate the courage 
 and nerve the valor of his followers. Always in the front rank of 
 battle, his followers blindly followed his lead, and as his war-cry 
 rang clear above the din and noise of the battle-field, the Shawnee 
 warriors, as they rushed on to victory or the grave, rallied around 
 him, foemen worthy of the steel of the most gallant commander 
 that ever entered the lists in defense of his altar or his home. 
 
 The tribe to which Tecumseh, or Tecumtha, as some write it, be- 
 longed, was the Shawnee, or Shawanee. The tradition of the nation 
 held that they originally came from the Gulf of Mexico; that they 
 wended their way up the Mississippi and the Ohio, and settled at 
 or near the present site of Shawneetown, 111., whence they removed 
 to the upper Wabash. In the latter place, at any rate, they were 
 found early in the 18th century, and were known as the " bravest 
 of the brave." This tribe has uniformly been the bitter enemy of 
 the white man, and in every contest with our people has exhibited 
 a degree of skill and strategy that, should characterize the most 
 dangerous foe. 
 
 Tecumseh's notoriety and that of his brother, the Prophet, mutu- 
 ally served to establish and strengthen each other. While the 
 Prophet had unlimited power, spiritual and temporal, he distributed 
 his greatness in all the departments of Indian life with a kind of 
 fanaticism that magnetically aroused the religious and superstitious 
 passions, not only of his own followers, but also of all the tribes in 
 
 (50) 
 
HISTOKT OF MICHIGAN. 51 
 
 this part of the country; but Tecumseh concentrated his greatness 
 upon the more practical and business affairs of military conquest. 
 It is doubted whether he was really a sincere believer in the preten- 
 sions of his fanatic brother; if he did not believe in the pretentious 
 feature of them he had the shrewdness to keep his unbelief to him- 
 self, knowing that religious fanaticism was one of the strongest im- 
 pulses to reckless bravery. 
 
 During his sojourn in the Northwestern Territory, it was Tecum- 
 seh's uppermost desire of life to confederate all the Indian tribes of 
 the country together against the whites, to maintain their choice 
 iiunting-grounds. All his public policy converged toward this sin- 
 gle end. In his vast scheme he comprised even all the Indians in 
 the Gulf country, — all in America west of the Alleghany moun- 
 tains. He held, as a subordinate principle, that the Great Spirit 
 Jiad given the Indian race all these hunting-grounds to keep in 
 common, and that no Indian or tribe could cede any portion of the 
 land to the whites without the consent of all the tribes. Hence, in 
 all his councils with the whites he ever maintained that the treaties 
 were null and void. 
 
 When he met Harrison at Vincennes in council the last time, 
 and, as he was invited by that General to take a seat with him on 
 the platform, he hesitated; Harrison insisted, saying that it was the 
 ^'wish of their Great Father, the President of the United States, 
 that he should do so." The chief paused a moment, raised his tall 
 and commanding form to its greatest height, surveyed the troops 
 and crowd around him, fixed his keen eyes upon Gov. Harrison, 
 and then turning them to the sky above, and pointing toward 
 Iieaven with his sinewy arm in a manner indicative of supreme 
 contempt for the paternity assigned him, said in clarion tones: " My 
 father? The sun is my father, the earth is my mother, and on her 
 Tsosom I will recline." He then stretched himself, with his war- 
 riors, on the green sward. The effect was electrical, and for some 
 2noments there was perfect silence. 
 
 The Governor, then, through an interpreter, told him that he un- 
 derstood he had some complaints to make and redress to ask, etc., 
 and that he wished to investigate the matter and make restitution 
 wherever it might be decided it should be done. As soon as the 
 Governor was through with this introductory speech, the stately 
 warrior arose, tall, athletic, manly, dignified and graceful, and with 
 a voice at first low, but distinct and musical, commenced a reply. 
 As he warmed up with his subject his clear tones might be heard. 
 
52 HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 as if " trumpet-tongued," to the utmost limits of the assembly. 
 The most perfect silence prevailed, except when his warriors gave 
 their guttural assent to some eloquent recital of the red man's 
 wrong and the white man's injustice. Tecumseh recited the wrongs 
 which his race had suffered from the time of the massacre of the 
 Moravian Indians to the present; said he did not know how he 
 could ever again be the friend of the white man ; that the Great 
 Spirit had given to the Indian all the land from the Miami to the 
 Mississippi, and from the lakes to the Ohio, as a common property 
 to all the tribes in these borders, and that the land could not and 
 should not be sold without the consent of all; that all the tribes on 
 the continent formed but one nation; that if the United States 
 would not give up the lands they had bought of the Miamis and 
 the other tribes, those united with him were determined to annihi- 
 late those tribes ; that they were determined to have no more chiefs, 
 but in future to be governed by their warriors; that unless the 
 whites ceased their encroachments upon Indian lands, the fate of 
 the Indians was sealed ; they had been driven from the banks, of 
 the Delaware across the Alleghanies, and their possessions on the 
 Wabash and the Illinois were now to be taken from them; that in 
 a few years they would not have ground enough to bury their war- 
 riors on this side of the "Father of Waters;" that all would perish, 
 all their possessions taken from them by fraud or force, unless thev 
 stopped the progress of the white man westward; that it must be 
 a war of races in which one or the other must perish; that their 
 tribes had been driven toward the setting sun like a galloping 
 horse (ne-kat a-kush-e ka-top-o-lin-to). 
 
 The Shawnee language, in which this most eminent Indian states- 
 man spoke, excelled all other aboriginal tongues in its musical ar- 
 ticulation; and the effect of Tecuraseh's oratory on this occiasion 
 can be more easily imagined than described. Gov. Harrison, 
 although as brave a soldier and General as any American, was over- 
 come by this speech. He well knew Tecumseh's power and influ- 
 ence among all the tribes, knew his bravery, courage and determi- 
 nation, and knew that he meant what he said. When Tecumseh 
 was done speaking there was a stillness throughout the assembly 
 which was really painful ; not a whisper was heard, and all eyes were 
 turned from the speaker toward Gov. Harrison, who after a few 
 moments came to himself, and recollecting many of the absurd 
 statements of the great Indian orator, began a reply which was 
 more logical, if not so eloquent. The Shawnees were attentive un- 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 53 
 
 til Harrison's interpreter began to translate his speech to the Mia- 
 mis and Pottawatomies, when Tecumseh and his warriors sprang 
 to their feet, brandishing their war-cl ubs and tomahawks. " Tell 
 him," said Tecumseh, addressing the interpreter in Shawnee, " he 
 lies." The interpreter undertook to convey this message to the 
 Governor in smoother language, but Tecumseh noticed the effort 
 and remonstrated, " No, no; tell Iiim holies." The warriors began 
 to grow more excited, when Secretary Gibson ordered the Ameri- 
 can troops in arras to advance. This allayed the rising storm, and 
 as soon as Tecumseh's " He lies " was literally interpreted to the 
 Governor, the latter told Tecumseh through the interpreter to tell 
 Tecumseh he would hold no further council with him. 
 
 Thus the assembly was broken up, and one can hardly imagine a 
 more exciting scene. It would constitute the finest subject for a 
 historical painting to adorn the rotunda of the capitol. The next 
 day Tecumseh requested another interview with the Governor, 
 which was granted on condition that he should make an apology to 
 the Governor for his language the day before. This he made 
 through the interpreter. Measures for defense and protection were 
 taken, however, lest there should be another outbreak. Two com- 
 panies of militia were ordered from the country, and the one in 
 town added to them, while the Governor and his friends went into 
 council fully armed and prepared for any contingency. On this oc- 
 casion the conduct of Tecumseh was entirely different from that of 
 the day before. Firm and intrepid, showing not the slightest fear 
 or alarm, surrounded with a military force four times his own, he 
 preserved the utmost composure and equanimity. No one would 
 have supposed that he could have been the principal actor in the 
 thrilling scene of the previous day. He claimed that half the 
 Americans were in sympathy with him. He also said that whites 
 had informed him that Gov. Harrison had purchased land from the 
 Indians without any authority from the Government; that he, 
 Harrison, had but two years more to remain in office, and that if 
 he, Tecumseh, could prevail upon the Indians who sold the lands 
 not to receive their annuities for that time, and the present Gover- 
 nor displaced by a good man as his successor, the latter would re- 
 store to the Indians all the lands purchased from them. 
 
 The "Wyandots, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Ottawas and the Win- 
 nebagoes, through their respective spokesmen, declared their 
 adherence to the great Shawnee warrior and statesman. Gov. Harri- 
 son then told them that he would send Tecumseh's speech to thePresi- 
 
54 HISTORY OF MICHIGAIT. 
 
 dent of the United States and return the answer to the Indians as soon 
 as it was received. Tecumseh then declared that he and his allies were 
 determined that the old boundary line should continue; and that 
 if the whites crossed it, it would be at their peril . Gov. Harrison re- 
 plied that he would be equally plain with him and state that the 
 President would never allow that the lands on the Wabash were the 
 property of any other tribes than those who had occupied them 
 since the white people first came to America; and as the title to 
 the lands lately purchased was derived from those tribes by a fair 
 purchase, he might rest assured that the right of the United States 
 would be supported by the sword. " So be it," was the stern and 
 haughty reply of the Shawnee chieftan, as he and his braves took 
 leave of the Governor and wended their way in Indian file to their 
 camping ground. 
 
 Thus ended the last conference on earth between the chivalrous 
 Tecumseh and the hero of the battle of Tippecanoe. The bones of 
 the first lie bleaching on the battle-field of the Thames, and those 
 of the last in a mausoleum on the banks of the Ohio; each strug- 
 gled for the mastery of his race, and each no doubt was equally 
 honest and patriotic in his purposes. The weak yielded to the 
 strong, the defenseless to the powerful, and the hunting-ground of 
 the Shawnee is all occupied by his enemy. 
 
 Tecumseh, with four of his braves, immediately embarked in a 
 birch canoe, descended the Wabash, and went on to the South to 
 unite the tribes of that country in a general system-af self-defense 
 against the encroachment of the whites. His emblem was a dis- 
 jointed snake, with the motto, "Join or die!" In union alone was 
 strength. 
 
 Before Tecumseh left the Prophet's town at the mouth of the 
 Tippecanoe river, on his excursion to the South, he had a definite 
 understanding with his brother and the chieftains of the other tribes 
 in the Wabash country, that they should preserve perfect peace 
 with the whites until his arrangements were completed for a con- 
 federacy of the tribes on both sides of the Ohio and on the Missis- 
 sippi river; but it seems that while he was in the South engaged 
 in his work of uniting the tribes of that country some of the North- 
 ern tribes showed signs of fight and precipitated Harrison into that 
 campaign which ended in the battle of Tippecanoe and the total 
 route of the Indians. Tecumseh, on his return from the South, 
 learning what had happened, was overcome with chagrin, disappoint- 
 ment and anger, and accused his brother of duplicity and coward- 
 
TEOOMSKH. 
 
56 HISTOKT OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 ice; indeed, it is said that he never forgave him to the day of his 
 death. A short time afterward, on the breaking out of the war of 
 Great Britain, he joined Proctor, at Maiden, with a party of his 
 warriors, and was killed at the battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813, 
 by a Mr. Wheatty, as we are positively informed by Mr. A. J. James, 
 now a resident of La Harpe township, Hancock county. 111., whose 
 father-in-law, John Pigman, of Coshocton county, Ohio, was an 
 eye witness. Gen. Johnson has generally had the credit of killing 
 Tecumseh. 
 
 OKEMOS. 
 
 " Old " Okemos, a nephew of Pontiac and once the chief of the 
 Chippewas, was born at or near Knagg's Station, on the Shiawassee 
 river, where the Chicago and Grand Trunk Eailroad crosses that 
 stream. The date is shrouded in mystery. At the time of his 
 death he was said to be a centenarian. The earliest account we have 
 of him is that he took the war-path in 1796. Judge Littlejohn, in 
 his " Legends of the Northwest," introduces him to the reader in 
 1803. The battle of Sandusky, in which Okemos took an active 
 part, was the great event of his life, and this it was that gave him 
 his chieftainship and caused him to be revered by his tribe. Con- 
 cerning that event he himself used to say: 
 
 " Myself and cousin, Man-a-to-corb-way, with 16 other braves 
 enlisted under the British flag, formed a scouting or war party, left 
 the upper Raisin, and made our rendezvous at Sandusky. One 
 morning while lying in ambush near a road lately cut for the pas- 
 sage of the American army and supply wagons, we saw 20 cavalry- 
 men approaching us. Our ambush was located on a slight ridge, 
 with brush directly in our front. "We immediately decided to 
 attack the Americans, although they outnumbered us. Our plan 
 was first to fire and cripple them, and then make a dash with the 
 tomahawk. We waited until they approached so near that we 
 could count the buttons on their coats, when firing commenced. 
 The cavalry-tnen with drawn sabers immediately charged upon the 
 Indians. The plumes upon the hats of the cavalry-men looked like 
 a flock of a thousand pigeons just hovering for a lighting." 
 
 Okemos and his cousin fought side by side, loading and firing 
 while dodging from one cover to another. In less than ten minutes 
 after the tiring began the sound of a bugle was heard, and casting 
 their eyes in the direction of the sound, they saw the road and 
 woods filled with cavalry. The small party of Indians were 
 immediately surrounded and every man cut down. All were left 
 for dead on the field. Okemos and his cousin both had their skulls 
 cloven and their bodies gashed in a fearful manner. The cavalry- 
 men, before leaving the field, in order to be sure life was extinct, 
 would lean forward from their horses and pierce the chests of the 
 Indians, even into their lungs. The last that Okemos remembered 
 was that after emptying one saddle, and springing toward another 
 
HISTOKT OF MICHIGAK. 67 
 
 soldier with clubbed rifle raised to strike, his head felt as if it wore 
 pierced with red-hot iron, and he went down from a heavy saber-cut. 
 All knowledge ceased from this time until many moons afterward, 
 when he found himself being nursed by the squaws of his friends, 
 who had found him on the battle-tield two or three days afterward. 
 The squaws thought all were dead, but upon moving the bodies of 
 Okemos and his cousin, signs of life appeared, and they were taken 
 to a place of safety and finally restored to partial health. Okemos 
 never afterward took part in war, this battle having satisfied him 
 that " white man was a heap powerful." 
 
 Shortly after his recovery he solicited Col. Godfrey to intercede 
 with Gen. Cass, and he and other chiefs made a treaty with the 
 Americans, which was faithfully kept. 
 
 The next we hear of the old chieftain, he had settled with his 
 tribe on the banks of the Shiawassee, near the place of his birth, 
 where for many years, up to 1837-'8, he was engaged in the peace- 
 ful vocation of hunting, fishing and trading with the white man. 
 About this time the small-pox broke out in his tribe, which, 
 together with the influx of white settlers who destroyed their hunt- 
 ing-grounds, scattered their bands. The plaintive, soft notes of the 
 wooing young hunter's flute, made of red alder, and the sound of 
 the tom-tom at council fires and ■village feasts were heard no more 
 along the banks of our inland streams. Okemos became a mendi- 
 cant, and many a hearty meal has the old Indian received from his 
 friends among the whites. He was five feet four inches high, lithe, 
 wiry, active, intelligent and possessed undoubted bravery; but in con- 
 versation he hesitated and mumbled liis words. Previous to tlie 
 breaking up of his band in 1837-'8, his usual dress consisted of a 
 blanket coat with belt, steel pipe, hatchet, tomahawk and a heavy, 
 long, English hunting-knife stuck in his belt in front, with a large 
 bone handle prominent outside the sheath. He painted his cheeks 
 and forehead with vermilion, wore a shawl around his head tnrban 
 fashion, and leggins. He died at his wigwam a few miles from 
 Lansing, and was buried Dec. 5, 1858, at Shimnicon, an Indian 
 settlement in Ionia county. His cofiin was extremely rnde, and in 
 it were placed a pipe, tobacco, hunting-knife, bird's wings, pro- 
 visions, etc. An ambrotype picture was taken of this eminent 
 Indian in 1857, and has ever since been in the possession of O. A. 
 Jenisou at Lansing, from whom we obtain the above account. 
 
 Now we have to record an unexplained mystery, which no his- 
 torian of Michigan can omit, namely, the surrender of Detroit to 
 the British by Gen. Hull, when his forces were not in action and 
 were far more powerful than the enemy. He was either a coward 
 or a traitor, or both. The commander of the British forces. Gen. 
 Brock, triumphantly took possession of the fort, left a small garri- 
 son under Col. Proctor, and returned to the seat of his government. 
 
58 HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 In 12 days he had moved with a small army 250 miles against the 
 enemy, effected the surrender of a strong fort and well equipped 
 army of 2,300 effective men, and one of the Territories of the 
 United States. Hull and the regular troops were taken to Mon- 
 treal, and the militia were sent to their homes. 
 
 In the capitulation Gen. Hull also surrendered Fort Dearborn at 
 Chicago, commanding Capt. Heald of that place to evacuate and 
 retreat to Fort Wayne. In obedience to this order the Captain 
 started from the fort with his forces; but no sooner were they out- 
 side the walls than they were attacked by a large force of Indians, 
 who took them prisoners and then proceeded to massacre them, 
 killing 38 out of the 66 soldiers, even some of the women and 
 children, two of the former and 12 of the latter. Capt.'Wells, a 
 white man who had been brought up among the Indians, but 
 espoused the white man's cause, was killed in the massacre. 
 
 Jan. 3, 1814, Gen. Hull appeared before a court-martial at Albany, 
 N. Y., where Gen. Dearborn was president. The accused made no 
 objection to the constitution and jurisdiction of this court; its ses- 
 sions were protracted and every facility was given the accused to 
 make his defense. The three charges against him were treason, 
 cowardice and neglect of duty. Hull was finally acquitted of the 
 Jiigh crime of treason, but he was found guilty of the other charges 
 and sentenced to be shot; but by reason of his services in the 
 Revolution and his advanced age the court recommended him to 
 the mercy of the President, who approved the finding of the court 
 but remitted the execution of the sentence and dismissed Hull 
 from the service. The accused wrote a long defense, in which he 
 enumerates many things too tedious to relate here. Even before 
 he was sent to Detroit he was rather opposed to the policy of the 
 Government toward the British of Canada; and, besides, he had 
 been kindly treated by British officers, who helped him across the 
 frontier. Again, the general Government was unreasonably slow 
 to inform the General of the declaration of war which had been 
 made against Great Britain, and very slow to forward troops and 
 supplies. Many things can be said on both sides; but historians 
 generally approve the judgment of the court in his case, as well 
 as of the executive clemency of the President. 
 
 peeky's victoet. 
 
 The lake communication of Michigan with the East, having 
 been in the hands of the British since Hull's surrender, was cut off 
 by Com. Perry, who obtained a signal naval victory over the British 
 on Lake Erie Sept. 10, 1813. The Commodore built his fleet at 
 Erie, Pa., under great disadvantages. The bar at the mouth of the 
 harbor would not permit the vessels to pass out with their arma- 
 ment on board. For some time after the fleet was ready to sail, 
 the British commodore continued to hover off the harbor, well know- 
 ing it must either remain there inactive or venture out with almost 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 59 
 
 a certainty of defeat. Daring tliis blockade, Com. Perry had no 
 alternative but to ride at anchor at Erie; but early in September 
 the ene&y relaxed his vigilance and withdrew to the upper end of 
 the lake. Perry then slipped out beyond the bar and fitted his ves- 
 sels for action. The British fleet opposed to Com. Perry consisted 
 of the ships " Detroit," carrying 19 guns; the "Queen Charlotte," 
 17 guns'; the schooner "Lady Prevost," 13 guns; the brig "Hun- 
 ter," ten guns; the sloop "Little Belt," three guns; and the 
 schooner "Chippewa," one gun and two swivels; and this fleet was 
 commanded by a veteran officer of tried skill and valor. 
 
 At sunrise, Sept. 10, while at anchor at Put-in-Bay, the Commo- 
 dore espied the enemy toward the head of the lake, and he imme- 
 diately sailed up and commenced action. His flag vessel, the 
 Lawrence, was engaged with the whole force of the enemy for 
 nearly two hours before the wind permitted the otiier vessels to 
 come in proper position to help. The crew of this vessel continued 
 the fight until every one of them was either killed or wounded, all 
 the rigging torn to pieces and every gun dismantled. Now comes 
 the daring feat of the engagement which makes Perry a hero. He 
 caused his boat to be lowered, in which he rowed to the Niagara 
 amid the storm of shot and shell raging around him. This vessel 
 he sailed through the enemy's fleet with a swelling breeze, pouring 
 in her broadsides upon their shi])S and forcing them to surrender in 
 rapid succession, until all were taken. The smaller vessels of his 
 fleet helped in this action, among which was one commanded by 
 the brave and faithful Capt. Elliott. This victory was one of the 
 most decisive in all the annals of American history. It opened 
 the lake to Gen. Wm. H. Harrison, who had been operating in 
 Indiana and Ohio, and who now crossed with his army to Canada, 
 where he had a short campaign, terminated by the battle of the 
 Moravian towns, by which the enemy were driven from the north- 
 western frontier. A detachment of his army occupied Detroit 
 Sept. 29, 1813, and Oct. 18 an armistice was concluded with the 
 Indians, thus restoring tranquillity to the Territory of Michigan. 
 Soon afterward Gen. Harrison left Gen. Cass in command at 
 Detroit and moved with the main body of his army down to the 
 Niagara frontier. 
 
 Perry's brilliant success gave to the Americans the uncontrolled 
 command of the lake, and Sept. 23 their fleet landed 1,200 
 men near Maiden. Col. Proctor, however, had previously evac- 
 uated that post, after setting flre to the fort and public store- 
 houses. Com. Perry in the meantime passed up to Detroit with 
 the "Ariel" to assist in the occupation of that town, while Capt. 
 Elliott, with the " Lady Prevost," the " Scorpion," and the 
 "Tigress," advanced into Lake St. Clair to intercept the enemy's 
 stores. Thus Gen. Harrison, on his arrival at Detroit and Maiden, 
 found both places abandoned by the enemy, and was met by the 
 Canadians asking for his protection. Tecumseh proposed to the 
 British commander that they should hazard an engagement at Mai- 
 
60 HISTOKT OF MICEIGAN. 
 
 den; but the latter foresaw that he should be exposed to the fire of 
 the American fleet in that position, and therefore resolved to march 
 to the Moravian towns upon the Thames, near St. Clair lake, 
 above Detroit, and there try the chance of a battle. His force at 
 this time consisted of about 900 regular troops, and 1,500 Indians 
 commanded by Tecumseh. The American army amounted to 
 about 2,700 men, of whom 120 were regulars, a considerable number 
 of militia, about 30 Indians, and the remainder Kentucky riflemen, 
 well mounted, and mainly young men, full of ardor, and burning 
 with a desire to revenge the massacre of their friends and relatives 
 at the River Raisin. 
 
 During the following winter there were no military movements, 
 except an incursion into the interior of the upper province by 
 Maj. Holmes, who was attacked near Stony creek, and maintained 
 his ground with bravery. 
 
 CLOSE OF THE WAR. 
 
 The war with Great Britain was now (November, 1813) practi- 
 cally closed, so far as the I^orthwest was concerned, but the post at 
 Mackinaw yet remained in the hands of the enemy, and active steps 
 were taken to dispossess the English of this point and drive them 
 wholly from the domain of the United States. The first effort to 
 start an expedition failed; but in the summer of 1814 a well- 
 equipped force of two sloops of war, several schooners and 750 
 land militia, under the command of Com. Sinclair and Lieut.-Col. 
 Croghan, started for the north. Contrary, however, to the advice 
 of experienced men, the commanders concluded to visit St. Joseph 
 first, and the British at Mackinaw heard of their coming and pre- 
 pared themselves. The consequence was a failure to take the place. 
 Major Holmes was killed, and the Winnebago Indians, from Green 
 Bay, allies of the British, actually cut out the heart and livers 
 from the American slain and cooked and ate them! Com. Sin- 
 clair afterward made some arrangements to starve out the post, but 
 his vessels were captured and the British then remained secure in 
 the possession of the place until the treaty of peace the following 
 winter. 
 
 The war with England formally closed on Dec. 24, 1814, when a 
 treaty of peace was signed at Ghent. The 9th article of the treaty 
 required the United States to put an end to hostilities with all 
 tribes or nations of Indians with whom they had been at war* to 
 restore to such tribes or nations respectively all the rights and pos- 
 sessions to which they were entitled in 1811, before the war on 
 condition that such Indians should agree to desist from all hostili- 
 ties against the United States. But in February, just before the 
 treaty was sanctioned by our Government, there were signs of 
 Indians accumulating arms and ammunition, and a cautionary 
 order was therefore issued to have all the white forces in readiness 
 for an attack by the Indians; but the attack was not made. During 
 
PONTIAC 
 
62 HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 the ensuing summer and fall the United States Government ac- 
 quainted the Indians with the provisions of the treaty, and 
 entered into subprdinate treaties of peace with the principal tribes. 
 Just before the treaty of Spring Wells (near Detroit) was signed, 
 the Shawanee Prophet retired to Canada, declaring his resolu- 
 tion to abide by any treaty which the chiefs might sign._ Some 
 time afterward" he returned to the Shawanee settlement in Ohio, 
 and lastly to the west of the Mississippi, where he died, in 1834. 
 The British Government allowed him a pension from 1813 until 
 his death. 
 
 POLITICAL. 
 
 Previous to the formation of the Northwestern Territory, the 
 country within its bounds was claimed by several of the Eastern 
 States, on the ground that it was included within the limits indicated 
 by their charters from the English crown. In answer to the wishes of 
 the Government and people, these States in a patriotic spirit 
 surrendered their claims to this extensive territory, that it might 
 constitute a common fund to aid in the payment of the national 
 debt. To prepare the way for this cession, a law had been passed 
 in October, 1780, that the territory so to be ceded should be dis- 
 posed of for the common benefit of the whole Union; that the 
 States erected therein should be of suitable extent, not less than 100 
 nor more than 150 miles square; and that any expenses that might 
 be incurred in recovering the posts then in the hands of the 
 British should be reimbursed. New York released her claims to 
 Congress March 1, 1781; Yirginia, March 1, 1784; Massachusetts, 
 April 19, 1785, and Connecticut, Sept. 4, 1786. 
 
 Under the French and British dominion the points occupied on 
 the eastern boundary of what is now the State of Michigan were 
 considered a part of New France, or Canada. Detroit was known 
 to the French as Fort Pontchartrain. The military commandant, 
 under both governments, exercised a civil jurisdiction over the 
 settlements surrounding their posts. In 1796, when the British 
 garrisons at Detroit and Mackinaw were replaced by detachments 
 by Gen.Wayne, Michigan became a part of the Northwestern Ter- 
 ritory and was organized as the county of Wayne, entitled to one 
 Kepresentative in the General Assembly, held at Chillicothe. 
 
 In 1800, Indiana was made a separate Territory, embracing all 
 the country west of the present State of Ohio and of an extension 
 of the western line of that State due north to the territorial limits 
 of the United States; in 1802, the peninsula was annexed to the 
 Territory of Indiana, and in 1805 Michigan began a separate exist- 
 ence. That part of the Territory that lies east of a north and south 
 line through the middle of Lake Michigan was formed into a dis- 
 tinct government, and the provisions of the ordinance of 1787 con- 
 tinued to regulate it. Under this constitution the executive power 
 was invested in a governor, the judicial in three judges, and the 
 
HISTOEY OF MtCHIGAIT. 63 
 
 legislative in both united; the oiScers were appointed by the gen- 
 eral Government, and their legislative authority was restricted to 
 the adoption of laws from codes of the several States. This form of 
 government was to continue until the Territory should contain 5,000 
 free white males of full age. It then became optional with the peo- 
 pie to choose a legislative body, to be supported by them ; but sub- 
 sequent legislation by Congress more liberally provided a Legislature 
 at the expense of the general Government and also added to privi- 
 leges in the elective franchise and eligibility to office; as, for exam- 
 pie, under the ordinance a freehold qualification was required, both 
 on the part of the elector and of the elected. 
 
 The first officers of the Territory of Michigan were: "Wm. Hull, 
 Governor; Augustus B. Woodward, Chief Judge; Frederick Bates, 
 Sr., Assistant Judge and Treasurer; John Griffin, Assistant Judge; 
 Col. James May, Marshal; Abijah Hull, Surveyor; Peter Audrain, 
 Clerk of the Legislative Board. May 5, 1807, Joseph "Watson was 
 appointed Legislative secretary ; in November, 1806, Elijah Brush 
 was appointed treasurer, to succeed Mr. Bates, and the books of the 
 office were delivered over on the 26th of that month; and William 
 McDowell Scott was appointed marshal in November, 1806, to suc- 
 ceed Col. May. The latter never held the office of judge of the 
 Territory, but about 1800-'3 he was chief justice of the court of 
 common pleas. 
 
 Augustus Brevoort Woodward was a native of Virginia; was 
 appointed a judge of the Territory in, 1805, his term of office expir- 
 ing Feb. 1, 1824. He was soon after appointed judge of the Terri- 
 tory of Florida, and three years after that he died. The grand 
 scheme of " Catholepistemiad," or State University of Michigan, 
 with its numerous details described under sesquipedalian names 
 from the Greek, owed its origin to Judge Woodward. 
 
 John Griffin was appointed assistant judge in 1807, his term of 
 office expiring Feb. 1, 1824. He was a native of Virginia, and died 
 in Philadelphia about 1840. 
 
 James Witherell was a native of Massachusetts; was appointed a; 
 judge of the Territory April 23, 1808, his term of office expiring 
 Feb. 1, 1824, when he was re-appointed for four years, and Feb. 1, 
 1828, he was appointed Territorial secretary. 
 
 When in 1818 Illinois was admitted into the Union, all the terri- 
 tory lying north of that State and of Indiana was annexed to Mich- 
 igan. In 1819, the Territory was authorized to elect a delegate to 
 Congress, according to the present usage with reference to Terri- 
 tories; previous to this time, according to the ordinance 1787, a 
 Territory was not entitled to a delegate until it entered upon the 
 " second grade of Government," and the delegate was then to be 
 chosen by the General Assembly. 
 
 In 1853 Congress abolished the legislative power of tlie governor 
 and judges, and granted more enlarged ones to a council, to be 
 composed of nine persons selected by the President of the United 
 
64: HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 States from eighteen chosen by the electors of the Territory; and by 
 this law, also, eligibility to office was made co-extensive with the 
 right of suffrage as established by the act of 1819; also the judicial 
 term of office was limited to four years. In 1825 all county officers, 
 except those of a judicial nature, were made elective, and the 
 appointments which remained in the hands of the executive were 
 made subject to the approval of the legislative council. In 1827 
 the electors were authorized to choose a number of persons for the 
 legislative council, which was empowered to enact all laws not incon- 
 sistent with the ordinance of 1787. Their acts, however, were sub- 
 ject to abolishment by Congress and to veto by the territorial 
 executives. 
 
 When Gen. Wm. Hull arrived at Detroit to assume his official 
 duties as Governor, he found the town in ruins, it having been 
 destroyed by fire. "Whether it had been burned by design or acci- 
 dent was not known. The inhabitants were without food and shel- 
 ter, camping in the open fields; still they were not discouraged, and 
 soon commenced rebuilding their houses on the same sits; Congress 
 also kindly granted the sufferers the site of the old town of Detroit 
 and 10,000 acres of land adjoining. A territorial militia was organ- 
 ized, and a code of laws was adopted similar to those of the original 
 States. This code was signed by Gov. Hull, Augustus B. Wood- 
 ward and Frederick Bates, judges of the Territory, and was called 
 the " Woodward code." 
 
 At this time the bounds of. the Territory embraced all the coun- 
 try on the American side of the Detroit river, east of the north and 
 south line through the center of Lake Michigan. The Indian land 
 claims had been partially extinguished previous to this period. By 
 the treaty of Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and that of Fort Harmar in 
 1787, extensive cessions had been either made or confirmed, and in 
 1807 the Indian titles to several tracts became entirely extinct. 
 Settlements having been made under the French and English gov- 
 ernments, with irregularity or absence of definite surveys and 
 records, some confusion sprang up in regard to the titles to valuable 
 tracts. Accordingly Congress established a Board of Commission- 
 ers to examine and settle these conflicting claims; and in 1807 
 another act was passed, confirming, to a certain extent, the titles 
 of all such as had been in possession of the lands then occupied by 
 them from the year 1796, the year of the final evacuation by the 
 British garrisons. Other acts were subsequently passed, extending 
 the same conditions to the settlements on the upper lakes. 
 
 As chief among the fathers of this State we may mention Gen. 
 Lewis Cass, Stevens T. Mason, Augustus B. Woodward, John 
 JSTorvell, Wm. Woodbridge, John Biddle, Wm. A. Fletcher, Elon 
 Farnsworth, Solomon Sibley, Bonj. B. Kircheval, John H. Wil- 
 liams, George Morrell, Daniel Goodwin, Augustus S. Porter, Benj. 
 F. H. Witherell, Jonathan Shearer and Charles C. Trowbridge, all 
 of Wayne county; Edmund Munday, James Kingsley and Alpheus 
 Felch, of Washtenaw; Koss Wilkins and John J. Adam, of Lena- 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 65 
 
 wee; Warner "Wing, Charles N"oble and Austin E. Wing, of Monroe 
 count}'; Randolph Manning, O. D. Eichardson and James B. Hunt, 
 of Oakland; Henry E. Schoolcraft, of Chippewa; Albert Miller, of 
 the Saginaw Yalley; John Stockton and Eobert P. Eldridge, of 
 Macomb; Lucius Lyon, Charles E. Stuart, Edwin H. Lothrop, ■ 
 Epaphroditus Eansom and Hezekiah G. Wells, of Kalamazoo; Isaac 
 E. Crary, John D. Pierce and Oliver C. Comstock, of Calhoun; 
 Kinsley S. Bingham, of Livingston; John S. Barry, of St. Joseph; 
 Charles W. Whipple, Calvin Britain and Thomas Fitzgerald, of 
 Berrien; and George Eedfield, of Cass. These men and their com- 
 peers shaped the policy of the State, and decided what should be 
 its future. They originated all and established most of the great 
 institutions which are the evidences of our advanced civilization, 
 and of which we are so justly proud. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION OF GEN. CASS. 
 
 At the close of the war with Great Britain in 1814, an era of 
 prosperity dawned upon the infant territory. Gen. Lewis Cass, who 
 had served the Government with great distinction during the war, 
 was apppinted Governor. The condition of the people was very 
 much reduced, the country was wild, and the British flag still waved 
 over the fort at Mackinaw. There was nothing inviting to immi- 
 grants except the mere facts of the close of the war and the exist- 
 ence of a fertile soil and a good climate. The Indians were still 
 dangerous, and the country was still comparatively remote from 
 the centers of civilization and government. Such a set of circum- 
 stances was just the proper environment for the development of 
 all those elements of the " sturdy pioneer " which we so often 
 admire in writing up Western history. Here was the field for 
 Btout and brave men; here was the place for the birth and educa- 
 tion of real Spartan men, — men of strength, moral courage and 
 indomitable perseverance. 
 
 At first, Gen. Cass had also the care of a small portion of Canada . 
 opposite Detroit, and he had only 27 soldiers for defending Detroit 
 against the hostile Indians and carrying on the whole government. 
 Believing that a civil governor should not be encumbered also with 
 military duty, he resigned his brigadier-generalship in the army. 
 But as Governor he soon had occasion to exercise his military 
 power, even to act on the field as commander, in chasing away 
 marauding bands of Indians. The latter seemed to be particularly 
 threatening at this time, endeavoring to make up in yelling and 
 petty depredations what they lacked in sweeping victory over all 
 the pale-faces. 
 
 In times of peace Gov. Cass had high notions of civilizing the 
 Indians, encouraging the purchase of their lands, limiting their 
 hunting grounds to a narrow compass, teaching them agriculture 
 and mechanics and providing the means for their instruction and 
 religious training. The policy of the French and English had been 
 
66 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 to pacify them with presents and gewgaws, merely to obtain a tem- 
 porary foothold for the purpose of carrying on the fur trade. Those 
 benefited by the trade lived thousands of miles away and had_ no 
 interest in the permanent development of the country. The United 
 States Government, on the other hand, indorsed Gov. Cass' policy, 
 which was to result in the development of the wealth of the country 
 and the establishment of all the arts of peace. Gens. Caes and 
 Harrison were accordingly empowered to treat with the Indians 
 on the Miami and Wabash; and July 20 a treaty was signed with 
 the Wyandots, Senecas, Shawnees, Miamis and Delawares, which 
 restored comparative tranquillity. During the summer, however, 
 there was Indian war enough to call out all of Gov. Cass' men, in 
 aid of Gen. Brown on the Niagara. Indians can never remain long 
 at peace, whatever may be the obligations they assume in treaty- 
 making. Gov. Cass often headed his forces in person and drove the 
 hostile tribes from place to place until they finally retreated to 
 Saginaw. 
 
 An attempt was made to recover Mackinaw from the English in 
 July of this year (1814), but the British works were too strong; how- 
 ever, the establishments at St. Joseph and at Sault Ste. Marie were 
 destroyed. In the following winter the final treaty of peace was 
 ratified between England and the United States. The population 
 of the territory at this time was not over 5,000 or 6,000, scattered 
 over a vast extent, and in a state of great destitution on account of 
 the calamities of war. Scarcely a family, on resuming the duties 
 of home, found more than the remnants of former wealth and com- 
 fort. Famih'es had been broken up and dispersed; parents had 
 been torn from their children, and children from each other; some 
 had been slain on the battle-field, and others had been massacred 
 by the ruthless savages. Laws had become a dead letter, and 
 morals had suffered in the general wreck. Agriculture had been 
 almost abandoned and commerce paralyzed; food and all necessa- 
 ries of life were scarce, and luxuries unknown. Money was difficult 
 to get, and the bank paper of Ohio, which was almost the sole cir- 
 culating medium, was 25 per cent below par. 
 
 Such was the gloomy state of domestic affairs when Gen. Cass 
 assumed the office of governor. Besides, he had the delicate task 
 of aiding in legislation and of being at the same time the sole exec- 
 utive of the law. In 1817 he made an important treaty with the 
 Indians, by which their title was extinguished to nearlj"- all the land 
 in Ohio, and a great portion in Indiana and Michigan. This treaty 
 attached the isolated population of Michigan to the State of Ohio, 
 made theTerritorial government in a fuller sense an integral mem- 
 ber of the federal Union, and removed all apprehension of a hostile 
 confederacy among the Indian tribes along the lake and river 
 frontier. 
 
 Hitherto there had not been a road in Michigan, except the mili- 
 tary road along the Detroit river; but as the Indian settlements and 
 lands could not now be interposed as a barrier, Gen. Cass called the 
 
68 HISTOKT OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 attention of Congress to the necessity of a military road from 
 Detroit to Sandusky, through a trackless morass called the black 
 swamp. 
 
 In the summer of this year, the first newspaper published in 
 Michigan was started at Detroit. It was called the Detroit Gazette^ 
 and was published by Messrs. Sheldon & Eeed, two enterprising 
 young men, the former of whom published an interesting and val- 
 uable early history of Michigan. 
 
 The " Western Sun " was the first newspaper published in the 
 Indiana Territory, now comprising the four great States of Indiana, 
 Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and the second in all that country 
 once known as the " Northwestern Territory." It was commenced 
 at Vincennes in 1803, by Elihu Stout, of Kentucky, andfirstcalled 
 the Indiana Gazette, and July 4, 1804, was changed to the West- 
 ern Sun. Mr. Stout continued the paper until 1845, amid many 
 discouragements, when he was appointed postmaster at the place, 
 and he sold out the office. 
 
 May 6, 1812, Congress passed an act requiring that 2,000,000 
 acres of land should be surveyed in the Territory of Louisiana, the 
 same amount in the Territory of Illinois, and the same amount in 
 the Territory of Michigan, in all 6,000,000 acres, to be set apart for 
 the soldiers in the war with Great Britain. Each soldier was to 
 have 160 acres of land, fit for cultivation. The surveyors under this 
 law reported that there were no lands in Michigan fit for cultiva- 
 tion! This unconscionable report deterred immigration for many 
 years, and the Government took the whole 6,000,000 acres from 
 Illinois and Missouri. The language of that report is so remark- 
 able that we must quote it: 
 
 " The country on the Indian boundary line, from the mouth of 
 the Great Auglaize river and running thence for about 50 miles, is 
 (with some few exceptions) low, wet land, with a very thick growth 
 of underbrush, intermixed with very bad marshes, but generally 
 very heavily timbered with beech, cottonwood, oak, etc.; thence 
 continuing north and extending from the Indian boundary east- 
 ward, the number and extent of the swamps increase, with the 
 addition of numbers of lakes, from 20 chains to two and three miles 
 across. Many of the lakes have extensive marshes adjoining their 
 margins, sometimes thickly covered with a species of pine called 
 ' tamarack,' and other places covered with a coarse, high grass, 
 and uniformly covered from six inches to three feet (and more at 
 times) with water. The margins of these lakes are not the only 
 places where swamps are found, for they are interspersed throuwh- 
 out the whole country and filled with water, as above stated, and 
 varying in extent. The intermediate space between these swamps 
 and lakes, which is probably near one-half of the country, is, with a 
 very few exceptions, a poor, barren, sandy land on which scarcely 
 any vegetation grows except very small, scrubby oaks. In many 
 places that part which may be called dry land is composed of little 
 short sand-hills, forming a kind of deep basins, the bottoms of many 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 69 
 
 of which are composed of a marsh similar to the above described. 
 The streams are generally narrow, and very deep compared with 
 their width, the shores and bottoms of which are, with a very few 
 exceptions, swampy beyond description; and it is with the utmost 
 difSculty that a place can be found over whicli horses can be con- 
 veyed with safety. 
 
 " A circumstance peculiar to that country is exhibited in many 
 of the marshes by their being thinly covered with a sward of grass, 
 by walking on which evinced the existence of water or a very 'thin 
 mud immediately under their covering, which sinks from six to 
 eighteen inches from the pressure of the foot at every step, and at 
 the same time rising before and behind the person passing over. 
 The margins of many of the lakes and streams are in a similar 
 situation, and in many places are literally afloat. On approaching 
 the eastern part of the military lands, toward the private claims on 
 .the straights and lake, tiie country does not contain so many swamps 
 and lakes, but the extreme sterility and barrenness of the soil con- 
 tinues the same. Taking the country altogether, so far as has been 
 explored, and to all appearances, together with the information 
 received concerning the balance, it is so bad there would not be 
 more than one acre out of a hundred, if there would be one out 
 of a thousand, that would in any case admit of cultivation." 
 
 It is probable that those Government surveyors made a lazy job 
 of their duty and depended almost entirely upon the fur traders, 
 who were interested in keeping settlers out of the country. But we 
 must make allowance, too, for the universal ignorance existing at 
 that time of the methods of developing the Western country which 
 modern invention has brought to bear since the days of our fore- 
 fathers. We must remember that our Western prairies were counted 
 worth nothing, even by all the early settlers. 
 
 By the year 1818 some immigrants crowded in and further 
 explored and tested the land; and in March, this year, Gov. Cass 
 called for the views of the inhabitants upon the question of chang- 
 ing the civil authority by entering upon the second grade of Terri- 
 torial government. A vote was taken and a majority were found 
 to be against it; but for the purpose of facilitating immigration and 
 settlement. Gov. Cass recommended to the Secretary of the Treasury 
 that the lands in the district of Detroit be at once brought into 
 market. The department immediately complied, and the lands 
 were offered for sale the following autumn. Immigration was now 
 increased more than ever before, and the permanent growth of the 
 country became fully established. 
 
 In 1819 the people were allowed to elect a delegate to Congress. 
 The population was now 8,806 in the whole Territory, distributed as 
 follows: Detroit, 1,450, not including the garrison; the Island of 
 Mackinaw, still the entrepot of the fur trade, a stationary popu- 
 lation of about 450, sometimes increased to 2,000 or over; Sault 
 Ste. Marie, 15 or 20 houses, occupied by French and English 
 families. 
 
70 HISTOEY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 The year 1819 was also rendered memorable by the appearance 
 of the first steamboat on the lakes, the " Walk-in-the-water," which 
 came up Lake Erie and went on to Mackinaw. 
 
 Ut> to this time no executive measures had been taken by the 
 people to avail themselves of the school lands appropriated by the 
 ordinance of 1787, except the curious act passed by the Governor 
 and judges establishing the "Catholepistemiad," or University of 
 Michigan, with 13 " didaxia," or professorships. The scheme^ for 
 this institution was a grand one," described by quaint, sesquipe- 
 dalian technicalities coined from the Greek language, and the whole 
 devised by that unique man. Judge Woodward. The act is given 
 in full in the Territorial laws of Michigan, compiled and printed a 
 few years ago. It was Judge Woodward, also, who laid out the 
 plan of Detroit, in the form of a cobweb, with a -' campus Martius" 
 and a grand circus, and avenues radiating in every direction, grand 
 public parks and squares, etc. Centuries would be required to ful- 
 fil] his vast design. Like authors and artists of ancient Greece and 
 Eome, he laid the foundations of grand work for posterity more 
 than for the passing generation. 
 
 Settlements now began to form at the points where now are the 
 cities of Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti, Jackson, Tecumseh and Pontiac. 
 There were still some annoyances by the Indians. The Sacs and 
 Foxes annually made their appearance to receive presents from the 
 British agents at Maiden, and as they passed along they would 
 commit many depredations. This practice of the British Govern- 
 ment had a tendency to prejudice the Indians against the Ameri- 
 cans, and it thus became necessary to take some measures for 
 removing the Indians beyond British influence or otherwise putting 
 a stop to this dangerous custom. Accordingly, in the fall of 1819, 
 Gov. Cass desired the Government at Washington to cause a more 
 thorough exploration to be made of the lake region, estimating the 
 number and influence of the Indians, their relations, prejudices, 
 etc., with a view to the further extinguishment of Indian title to 
 land, etc. ; but the Government deemed it advisable at this time 
 only to take 10 miles square at Sault Ste. Marie for military pur- 
 poses, and some islands near Mackinaw, where beds of plaster had 
 been found to exist. However, the general Government soon 
 ordered an expedition to be fitted out for such an exploration as 
 Gov. Cass desired, to travel with birch canoes. The men composing 
 the expedition were Gen. Cass and Robert A. Forsyth, his private 
 secretary; Capt. D. B. Douglass, topographer and astronomer; Dr. 
 Alex. Wolcot, physician; James D. Doty, oflicial secretary; and 
 Charles C. Trowbridge, assistant topographer. Lieut. Evans Mac- 
 key was commander of the escort, which consisted of 10 U. S. 
 soldiers. Besides these there were 10 Canadian voyageurs, to 
 manage the canoes, and 10 Indians to act as hunters. The latter 
 were under the direction of James Kiley and Joseph Parks, who 
 were also to act as interpreters. 
 
HISTOKT OF MICHIGAN. 71 
 
 This party left Detroit March 24, 1820, and reached Michili- 
 mackinac, June 6. On leaving this place June 14, 22 soldiers, 
 under the command of Lieut. John S. Pierce, were added to the party, 
 and the expedition now numbered 64 persons. They reached the 
 Sault Ste. Marie the 16th, where Gen. Oass called the Indians (Chip- 
 pewas) together, in order to have a definite understanding with 
 them concerning the boundary lines of the land grants, and thereby 
 renew also their sanction of former treaties. At first the Indians 
 protested against the Americans having any garrison at the place, 
 and some of them grew violent and almost precipitated a general 
 fight, which would have been disastrous to Gen. Cass' party, as the 
 Indians were far more numerous; but Cass exhibited a great degree 
 of coolness and courage, and caused more deliberate counsels to 
 prevail among the savages. Thus the threatened storm blew over. 
 
 The next day the expedition resumed their journey, on Lake 
 Superior, passing the " pictured rocks," and landing at one place 
 where there was a band of friendly Chippewas. June 25 they left 
 Lake Superior, ascended Portage river and returned home by way 
 of Lake Michigan, after having traveled over 4,000 miles. 
 
 The results of the expedition were: a more thorough knowledge 
 of a vast region and of the numbers and disposition of the various 
 tribes of Indians; several important Indian treaties, by which val- 
 uable lands were ceded to the United States; a knowledge of the 
 operations of the Northwest Fur Company; and the selection of 
 sites for a line of military posts. 
 
 As the greatest want of the people seemed to be roads, Congress 
 was appealed to for assistance, and not in vain; for that body 
 immediately provided for the opening of roads between Detroit 
 and the Miami river, from Detroit to Chicago, and from Detroit to 
 Fort Gratiot, and for the improvement of La Plaisance Bay. 
 Government surveys were carried into the Territory. Two straight 
 lines were drawn through the center of the Territory, — east and 
 west, and north and south, the latter being denominated the 
 principal meridian and the former the base line. The Territory was 
 also divided into townships of six miles square. 
 
 In 1821 there was still a tract of land lying south of Grand 
 river which had not yet been added to the United States, and Gov. 
 Oass deemed it necessary to negotiate with the Indians for it. To 
 accomplish this work he had to visit Chicago; and as a matter of 
 curiosity we will inform the reader of his most feasible route to 
 that place, which he can contrast with that of the present day. 
 Leaving Detroit, he descended to the mouth of the Maumee river; 
 he ascended that river and crossed the intervening country to the 
 Wabash; descended that stream to the Ohio; down the latter to 
 the Mississippi, and up this and the Illinois rivers to Chicago! 
 
 At this council the American commissioners were Gen. Cass 
 and Judge Sibley, of Detroit. They were successful in their 
 undertaking, and obtained a cession of the land in question. On 
 this occasion the Indians exhibited in a remarkable manner their 
 
72 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 appetite for whisky. As a preliminary step to the negotiations, 
 the commissioners ordered that no spirits should be given to the 
 Indians. The chief of the latter was a man about a hundred years 
 old, but still of a good constitution. The commissioners urged 
 every consideration to convince him and the other Indians of the 
 propriety of the course they had adopted, but in vain. " Father," 
 said the old chieftain, " we do not care for the land, nor the money, 
 nor the goods: what we want is whisky; give us whisky." But 
 the commissioners were inexorable, and the Indians were forced to 
 content themselves. 
 
 This year (1821) also two Indians were hung for murder. There 
 was some fear that the event would be made by the British an 
 occasion of arousing Indian atrocities in the vicinity, and the peti- 
 tion for the pardon of the wretches was considered by Gov. Cass 
 with a great deal of embarrassment. He finally concluded to let 
 the law take its course, and accordingly, Dec. 25, the murderers 
 were hung. 
 
 In 1822 six new counties were created, namely, Lapeer, Sanilac, 
 Saginaw, Shiawassee, Washtenaw and Lenawee; and they contained 
 much more territory then they do at the present day. This year 
 the first stage line was established in the Territory, connecting the 
 county seat of Macomb county with the steamer " Walk-in-the- 
 Water" at Detroit. 
 
 In 1823 Congress changed the form of Territorial government, 
 abrogating the legislative power of the governor and judges and 
 establishing a "Legislative Council," to consist of nine members, 
 appointed by the President of tlie United States out of 18 candi- 
 dates elected by the people. By the same act the term of judicial 
 oflice was limited to four years, and eligibility to ofiice was made to 
 require the same qualifications as the right to suffrage. The peo- 
 ple now took new interest in their government, and felt encouraged 
 to lay deeper the foundations of future prosperity. The first 
 legislative council under the new regime met at Detroit June 7, 
 1824, when Gov. Cass delivered his message, reviewing the progress 
 of the Territory, calling attention to the needs of popular education 
 and recommendingapolicy of governmental administration. Dur- 
 ing this year he also called the attention of the general Government 
 to the mineral resources of the Superior region, and asked for gov- 
 ernmental explorations therein. At its second session after this. 
 Congress authorized a commission to treat with the Indians of the 
 upper peninsula'for permission to explore that country. 
 
 In 1825 the Erie canal was completed from the Hudson river to 
 Buffalo, N. Y., and the effect was to increase materially the flow of 
 people and wealth into the young Territory of Michigan. The citi- 
 zens of the East began to learn the truth concerning the agricult- 
 ural value of this peninsula, and those in search of good and 
 permanent homes came to see for themselves, and afterward came 
 with their friends or families to remain as industrious residents, to 
 develop a powerful State. The number in the Territorial council 
 
^'0'<f& % 111 - 
 
74: HISTORY OF MICllICiAN. 
 
 was increased to 13, to be chosen by the President from 26 persons 
 elected by the people. In 1827 an act was passed authorizing the 
 electors to choose their electors directly, without the further sanc- 
 tion of either the President or Congress. The power of enacting 
 laws was given to tlie council, subject, however, to the approval of 
 Congress and the veto of the Governor. This form of Territorial 
 government remained in force until Michigan was organized as a 
 State in 1837. William Woodbridge was Secretary of the Territory 
 during the administration of Gov. Cass, and deserves great credit 
 for the ability with which he performed the duties of his office. In 
 the absence of the chief executive he was acting governor, and a 
 portion of the time he represented the Territory as a delegate to 
 Congress. In 1828 he was succeeded by James Witherell, and in 
 two years by Gen. John T. Mason. 
 
 In 1831 Gen. Cass was appointed Secretary of War in the cabi- 
 net of President Jackson, after having served Michigan as its chief 
 executive for 18 years. He had been appointed six times, running 
 through the presidency of Madison, Monroe and John Q. Adams, 
 without any opposing candidate or a single vote against him in the 
 senate. He faithfully discharged his duties as Indian commissioner 
 and concluded 19 treaties with the Indians, acquiring large cessions 
 of territory in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. 
 He was a practical patriot of whom the people of the peninsular 
 State justly feel proud. Probably more than any other man, Gen. 
 Cass was the father of Michigan. 
 
 GEN. GEO. B. POETEE's ADMINISTEATION, 
 
 On the promotion of Gen. Cass to a seat in the cabinet of Presi- 
 dent Jackson and his consequent resignation as Governor of Michi- 
 gan, Gen. Geo. B. Porter was appointed Governor in July, 1831, 
 and Sept. 22 following he entered upon the duties of the office. 
 The population of the Territory' at this time was about 35,000, pros- 
 perity was reigning all around and peace everywhere prevailed, 
 except that in 1832 the Black Hawk war took place in Illinois, but 
 did not aifect this peninsula. In this war, however, Gov. Porter 
 co-operated with other States in furnishing militia. 
 
 While Gov. Porter was the chief executive, Wisconsin was de- 
 tached from Michigan and erected into a separate Territory; many 
 new townships were organized and wagon roads opened and im- 
 proved; land began to rise rapidly in value, and speculators 
 multiplied. The council provided for the establishment and regu- 
 lation of common schools, incorporated "The Lake Michigan Steam- 
 boat Company," with a capital of $40,000; and incorporated the 
 first railroad company in Michigan, the " Detroit & St. Joseph 
 Railroad Company," since called the " Michigan Central." The 
 original corporators were, John Biddle, John R. Williams, Charles 
 Larned, E. P. Hastings, Oliver ISTewberry, De Garmo James, James 
 Abbott, John Gilbert, Abel Millington, Job Gorton, John Allen, 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 15 
 
 Anson Brown, Samuel W. Dexter, W. E. Ferrine, "Win. A. Thomp- 
 son, Isaac Crary. O. W. Golden, Caleb Eldred, Cyrus Lovell, Calvin 
 Brittain and Talman Wheeler. The act of incorporation required 
 that the road should be completed within 30 years; this condition 
 was complied with in less than one-third of that time. The same 
 council also incorporated the "Bank of the River Raisin," with a 
 branch at Pontiac. Previous to this two otlier banks had been 
 chartered, namely : tlie " Bank of Michigan," in 1817, with a branch 
 at Bronson, and the " Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Michigan," 
 with a branch at St. Joseph. 
 
 The Legislative Council of 1834 also authorized a vote of the 
 residents to be taken on the question of organizing as a State and 
 becoming a member of the Union; but the vote was so light and 
 the majority so small that Congress neglected to consider the matter 
 seriously until two years afterward. 
 
 During Porter's administration a change was made in the 
 method of disposing of the public lands, greatly to the benefit of 
 the actual settlers. Prior to 1820 the Government price of land 
 was $2 an acre, one-fourth to be paid down and the remainder in 
 three annual installments; and the land was subject to forfeiture if 
 these payments were not promptly made. This system having 
 been found productive of niany serious evils, the price of land was 
 put at $1.25 an acre, all to be paid at the time of purchase. This 
 change saved a deal of trouble. 
 
 During the administration of Gov. Porter occurred the " Black 
 Hawk" war, mainly in Illinois, in 1832, which did not affect 
 Michigan to any appreciable extent, except to raise sundry fears by 
 the usual alarms accompanying war gossip. A few volunteers 
 probably went to the scene of action from this Territory, but if any 
 systematic account was ever kept of this service, we fail to find it. 
 
 In October, 1831, Edwin Jerome left Detroit with a surveying 
 party composed of John Mullet, surveyor, and Utter, Brink and 
 Peck, for that portion of Michigan Territory lying west of Lake 
 Michigan, now Wisconsin. Their outfit consisted of a French 
 pony team and a buffalo wagon to carry tent, camp equipage, 
 blankets, etc. Most of the way to the southeast corner of Lake 
 Michigan they followed a wagon track or an Indian trail, and a 
 cabin or an Indian hut to lodge in at night; but west of the point 
 mentioned they found neither road nor inhabitant. They arrived 
 at Chicago in a terrible rain and " put-up" at the fort. This far- 
 famed city at that time had but five or six houses, and they were 
 built of logs. Within a distance of three or four miles of the fort 
 the land was valued by its owners at 50 cents an acre. 
 
 After 23 days' weary travel through an uninhabited country, 
 fording and swimming streams and exposed to much rainy weather, 
 they arrived at Galena, where they commenced their survey, but in 
 two days the ground froze so deep that further work was abandoned 
 until the next spring. The day after the memorable Stillman bat- 
 tle with Black Hawk, while the Mullet party were crossing the 
 
Y6 HISTOEY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 Blue mounds, they met an Indian half-chief, who had just arrived 
 from the Menominee camps with the details of the battle. He 
 stated the slain to be three Indians and 11 whites. The long shak- 
 ing of hands and the extreme cordiality of this Indian alarmed 
 Mullet for the safety of his party, but he locked the secret in his 
 own heart until the next day. They had just completed a town 
 corner when Mullet, raising himself to his full height, said, "Boys, 
 I'm going in ; I'll not risk my scalp for a few paltry shillings." This 
 laconic speech was an electric shock to the whole company. Mr. 
 Jerome, in describing his own sensations, said that the hair of his 
 head then became as porcupine quills, raising his hat in the air and 
 himself from the ground; and the top of his head became as sore 
 as a boil. 
 
 July 6, 1834, Gov. Porter died, and the administration devolved 
 upon the secretary of the Territory, Stevens T. Mason, during 
 whose time occurred 
 
 THE " TOLEDO WAE." 
 
 This diflBculty was inaugurated by a conflict of the acts of Con- 
 gress from time to time, made either carelessly or in ignorance of 
 the geography of the West and of the language of former public acts. 
 Michigan claimed as her southern boundary a line running from 
 the extreme southern point of Lake Michigan directly east to Lake 
 Erie, which would include Toledo, an important point, as it was 
 tbe principal terminus of the proposed Wabash & Erie canal. This 
 claim was made by virtue of clauses in the ordinance of 1787. Ohio, 
 on the other hand, claimed that the ordinance had been superseded 
 by the Constitution of the United States, and that Congress had 
 the right to regulate the boundary; also, that the constitution of 
 that State, which had been accepted by Congress, described a line 
 different from that claimed by Michigan. Mr. Woodbridge, the 
 delegate from Michigan, ably opposed in Congress the claim of 
 Ohio, and the committee on public lands decided unanimously in 
 favor of this State; but in the hurry of business no action was 
 taken by Congress and the question remained open. 
 
 The claim of Michigan was based principally upon the follow- 
 ing points: The ordinance of 1787 declares the acts therein con- 
 tained " articles of compact between the original States and the 
 people and States in said Territory (northwest of the river Ohio), 
 and forever to remain unalterable, unless by common consent." 
 This ordinance defines the Territory to include all that region lying 
 north and northwest of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi rivers. 
 In the fifth article it is provided that there shall be formed not less 
 than three nor more than five States within its limits. The bound- 
 aries of the three States are defined so as to include the whole Ter- 
 ritory; conditioned, however, that if it should be found expedient 
 by Congress to form the one or two more States mentioned. Con- 
 gress is authorized to alter boundaries of the three States " so as 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 77 
 
 to form one or two States in that part of the said Territory which 
 lies north of the east and west line drawn through the southerly 
 bend or extreme of Lake Michigan." 
 
 In 1802 Congress enabled the people of Ohio to form a constitu- 
 tion, and in that act the boundary of that State is declared to be 
 " on the north by an east and west line drawn through the southerly 
 extreme of Lake Michigan, running east, after intersecting the due 
 north line aforesaid from the moutli of the Great Miami, until it 
 shall intersect Lake Erie, or theTerritorial line, and thence with 
 the same through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line." The con- 
 stitution of Ohio adopted the same line, with this condition: 
 "Provided always, and it is hereby fully understood and declared 
 by this convention, that if the southerly bend or extreme of Lake 
 Michigan should extend so far south that a line drawn due east 
 from it should not intersect Lake Erie; or, if it should intersect 
 Lake Erie east of the mouth of the Miami river, then in that case, 
 with the assent of Congresaj the northern boundary of this State 
 shall be established by and extend to a direct line running from the 
 southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the most northerly cape 
 of the Miami bay, after intersecting the due north line from the 
 mouth of the Great Miami, as aforesaid, thence northeast of the 
 Territorial line, and by said Territorial line to the Pennsylvania 
 line." 
 
 Congress did not act upon this proviso until 1805, and during 
 this interval it seems that Ohio herself did not regard it as a part 
 of her accepted constitution. 
 
 Again, this section of the act of 1802 provides that all that 
 part of the Territory lying north of this east and west line " shall 
 be attached to and make a part of the Indiana Territory." Still 
 again, the act of 1805, entitled " an act to divide the Indiana Ter- 
 ritory into separate governments," erects Michigan to a separate 
 Territory, and defines the southern boundarj' to be " a line drawn 
 east from the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan until it 
 intersects Lake Erie." 
 
 The strip of territory in dispute is about five miles wide at the 
 west end and eight miles at the east end. The line claimed by Mich- 
 igan was known as the " Fulton line," and that claimed by Ohio 
 was known as the " Harris line," from the names of the surveyors. 
 This territory was valuable for its rich farming land, but its chief 
 value was deemed to consist at that time in its harbor on theMau- 
 mee river, where now stands the city of Toledo, and which was the 
 eastern terminus of the proposed Wabash & Erie canal. This 
 place was originally called Swan creek, afterward Port Lawrence, 
 then Vistula and finally Toledo. The early settlers generally 
 acknowledged their allegiance to Michigan; but when the canal 
 became a possibility, and its termination at Toledo being dependent 
 upon the contingency whether or not it was in Ohio, many of the 
 inhabitants became desirous of being included within the latter 
 State. Then disputes grew more violent and the Legislatures of the 
 
78 HISTOKY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 respective commonwealths led off in the fight. In February, 1835, 
 the Legislature of Ohio passed an act extending the jurisdiction of the 
 State over the territory in question, directed local elections to be 
 held and a re-survey to be made of .the Harris line. Per contra, 
 Gov. Mason urged the Legislative Council of Michigan to take active 
 measures to counteract the proceedings of the Ohio Legislature ; and 
 accordingly that body passed an act making it a criminal offense 
 for any one to attempt to exercise any oflicial functions within the 
 jurisdiction of Michigan without authority from the Territory or the 
 general Government. March 9, 1835, Gov. Mason ordered Gen. 
 Brown to hold the Michigan militia in readiness to meet the enemy 
 in the field in case an attempt was made by the agents of Ohio to 
 carry out the provisions of the Legislature of that State. On the 
 31st Gov. Lucas, of Ohio, arrived at Perrysburg with his commis- 
 sioners, on his way to re-survey the Harris line. He was accom- 
 panied by a militia of about 600 men. In ths meantime Gov. Mason 
 mustered about 1,200 men, with G^n. Brown commanding, and 
 was in possession of Toledo. In a few days two commissioners 
 arrived from Washington on a mission of peace, and remonstrated 
 with Gov. Lucas. After several conferences with the two Gover- 
 nors they submitted propositions of a temporary nature, virtually 
 giving the disputed territory to Ohio until the following session of 
 Congress, to which Gov. Lucas assented, but Gov. Mason did not. 
 President Jackson asked the opinion of the attorney general, Mr. 
 Butler, who replied in favor of Michigan; notwithstanding. Gov. 
 Lucas proceeded to order his men to commence the survey, but as 
 they were passing through Lenawee county the under-sheriff there 
 arrested a portion of the party, while the rest ran away like Indi- 
 ans, and spread an exaggerated report of actual war. This being 
 corrected by an amusing official report of the under-sheriff, Gov. 
 Lucas called an extra session of the Ohio Legislature, which passed 
 an act " to prevent the forcible abduction of the citizens of Ohio!" 
 It also adopted measures to organize the county of " Lucas," with 
 Toledo as the county-seat, and to carry into effect the laws of the 
 State over the disputed territory. 
 
 In the meantime the Michigan people in and about Toledo busied 
 themselves in arresting Ohio emissaries who undertook to force the 
 laws of their State upon Michigan Territory, while Ohio partisans 
 feebly attempted to retaliate. An amusing instance is related of 
 the arrest of one Major Stickney. He and his whole family fought 
 valiantly, but were at length overcome by numbers. The Major 
 had to be tied on a horse before he would ride with the Michigan 
 •posse to jail. An attempt was then made to arrest a son of the 
 Major called "Two Stickney," when a serious struggle followed and 
 the officer was stabbed with a knife. The blood flowed pretty freely 
 but the wound did not prove dangerous. This was probably the 
 only blood shed during the " war." The officer let go his hold and 
 Stickney fled to Ohio. He was indicted by the grand jury of Mon- 
 roe county, and a requisition was made on the Governor of Ohio 
 
HISTOET OF MIOHI&AN. 79 
 
 for his rendition, but the Governor refused to give him up. An 
 account of this affair reaching the ears of the President, he recom- 
 mended that Gov. Mason interpose no obstacle to the re-survey of 
 the Harris line ; but the Governor refusing to abide by the " recom- 
 mendation," the President superseded him by the appointment of 
 Charles Shaler, of Pennsylvania, as his successor. He also advised 
 Gov. Lucas to refrain from exercising any jurisdiction over the dis- 
 puted territory until Congress should convene and act upon the 
 matter. This was humiliating to that Governor, and he resolved 
 to assert the dignity of his State in Toledo in some manner. He 
 hit upon the plan of ordering a session of court to be held there, 
 with a regiment of militia for the protection of the judges. Accord- 
 ingly the judges met on Sunday afternoon, Sept. 6, at Maumee, a 
 few miles from Toledo. Some time during the evening a scout 
 sent out by the colonel returned from Toledo and reported that 
 1,200 men, under command of Gen. Brown, were in Toledo ready 
 to demolish court, soldiers and all; but this report turned out to be 
 false. During the scare, however, the judges hesitated to proceed 
 to Toledo, and the colonel of the regiment upbraided them for their 
 cowardice, and proposed to escort them with his militia during the 
 dead of night to a certain school-house in Toledo, where they might 
 go through the form of holding court a few minutes in safety. 
 About three o'clock Monday morning they arrived at the desig- 
 nated place and " held court " about two minutes and then fled for 
 dear life back to Maumee! Thus was the '' honor and dignity " of 
 the great State of Ohio " vindicated over all her enemies!" 
 
 ADMINISTEATION OF GOV. HOENEE. 
 
 It appears that Mr. Shaler did not accept the governorship of 
 Michigan, and John S. Horner, of Virginia, was soon afterward 
 appointed secretary and Acting Governor. He proved to be rather 
 unpopular with the people of Michigan, and the following May he 
 was appointed secretary of Wisconsin Territory. He carried on a 
 lengthy correspondence with Gov. Lucas, which resulted in a dis- 
 continuance of all the suits that had grown out of the Toledo war 
 except the demand for Two Stickney. Gov. Lucas persisted in refus- 
 ing to deliver him up; but it seems that finally no serious trouble 
 came of the affair. 
 
 The first Monday in October, 1835, the people of Michigan 
 ratified the constitution and by the same vote elected a full set of 
 State officers. Stevens T. Mason was elected Governor, Edward 
 Mundy, Lieutenant-Governor, and Isaac E. Crary, E.epresenative in 
 Congress. The first Legislature under the constitution was held at 
 Detroit, the capital, on the first Monday in JSTovember, and John 
 Norvell and Lucius Lyon were elected tJ. S. Senators. A regular 
 election was also held underthe Tei'ritorial law for delegate to Con- 
 gress, and Geo. W. Jones, ot Wisconsin, received the certificate of 
 election, although it is said that Wm. Woodbridge received the high- 
 
80 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 est number of votes. John S. Horner, the Territorial Governor, 
 was still in office here, and this singular mixture of Territorial and 
 State government continued until the fpllowing June, when Con- 
 gress formally admitted Michigan into the Union as a State and 
 Horner was' sent to Wisconsin, as before noted. Tliis act of 
 Congress conditioned that the celebrated strip of territory over 
 which the quarrel had been so violent and protracted, should be given 
 to Ohio, and that Michigan might have as a compensation the 
 upper peninsula. That section of country was then known only as 
 a barren waste, containing some copper, no one knew how much. 
 Of course this decision by Congress was unsatisfactory to the peo- 
 ple of this State. This was the third excision of territory from 
 Michigan, other clippings having been made in 1802 and 1816. 
 In the former year more than a thousand square miles was given to 
 Ohio, and in the latter year nearly 1,200 square miles was given to 
 Indiana. Accordingly, Gov. Mason convened the Legislature July 
 11, 1836, to act on the proposition of Congress, The vote stood 21 
 for acceptance and 28 for rejection. Three delegates were appointed 
 to repair to Washington, to co-operate with the representatives 
 there for the general interest of the State: but before Congress was 
 brought to final action on the matter, other conventions were held 
 in the State to hasten a decision. An informal one held at Ann 
 Arbor Dec. 14 unanimously decided to accept the proposition of 
 Congress and let the disputed strip of territory go to Ohio, and 
 thereupon Jan. 26, 1837, Michigan was admitted into the Union 
 on an equal footing with the original States. 
 
 MICHIGAN AS A STATE. 
 
 A State! This word contains avast amount of meaning. Before a 
 community becomes a State, there is comparatively a dead level of 
 homogeneity, the history of which consists simply of a record of 
 independent or disconnected events, as Indian wars, migration, etc. ; 
 but when a people so far advance in civilization that the}' must 
 organize, like the plant and animal kingdoms, they must assume 
 " organs," having functions; and the more civilized and dense the 
 population, the more numerous and complicated these organs must 
 become, — to use the language of modern biology, the more the 
 organism must "differentiate." 
 
 Correspondingly, the history of Michigan, up to its organization 
 as a State, like that of all our Territories, is almost a disconnected 
 series of events; but on assuming the character of a State, its organs 
 and functions multiply, becoming all the while more and more 
 dependent upon one another. To follow up the history of the 
 State, therefore, with the same proportional fullness as we do its 
 Territorial epoch, would swell the work to scores or hundreds of 
 volumes; for the compiler would be obliged to devote at first a . 
 volume to one feature, say the educational, and then soon divide 
 his subject into the various departments of the educational work of 
 
■''-^M.illillfci|«//,Ji,.jj>4„ii,lJi*^ 
 
82 HI8TOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 the State, devoting a volume to each, and then subdivide, taking 
 each local institution by itself, and subdivide still farther, and so on 
 ad infinitum, devoting a volume to each movement in the career 
 of every institution. 
 
 As it is therefore impracticable to preserve the proportion of 
 history to the end, the writer is obliged to generalize more and 
 more as he approaches the termination, of any selected epoch in the 
 progress of a growing organism. Accordingly, from this point 
 onward in the history of Michigan, we will treat the subject mat- 
 ter mainly by topics, commencing with an outline of the several 
 gubernatorial administrations. 
 
 THE ADMINISTEATIONS. 
 
 Stevens T. Mason was the first Governor of this State, having 
 been elected (Governor of the State prospectively) in 183.5, as before 
 noted, and he held the office until January, 1840. This State, at 
 the time of its admission into the Union, had a population of about 
 200,000; its area was about 40,000 square miles, which was di- 
 vided into 36 counties. 
 
 If early the first act passed by the Legislature was one for the 
 organization and support of common schools. Congress had already 
 set apart one section of land in every township for this purpose, 
 and the new State properly appreciated the boon. In March of 
 the same year (1837) another act was passed establishing the 
 University of Michigan, of which institution we speak more fully on 
 subsequent pages. This Legislature also appropriated $20,000 for 
 a geological survey, and appointed Dr. Douglass Houghton State 
 geologist. For the encouragement of internal improvements, a 
 board of seven commissioners was appointed, of which the Gov- 
 ernor was made president. This board authorized several surveys 
 for railroads. Three routes were surveyed through the State, which 
 eventually became, respectively, the Michigan Central, the Mich- 
 igan Southern, and the Detroit & Milwaukee. The latter road, 
 however, was originally intended to have Port Huron for its east- 
 ern terminus. The next year appropriations were made for the 
 survey of the St. Joseph, Kalamazoo and Grand rivers, for the 
 purpose of improving the navigation. 
 
 In 1839 the militia of the State was organized, and eight divisions, 
 with two brigades of two regiments each, were provided for. This 
 year, also, the State prison at Jackson was completed. Nearly 
 30,000 pupils attended the common schools this year, and for school 
 purposes over $18, 000 was appropriated. Agriculturally, the State 
 yielded that year 21,944 bushels of rye, 1,116,910 of oats, 6,422 of 
 buckwheat, 43,826 pounds of flax, 524 of hemp, 89,610 head of cat- 
 tle,14,059 head of horses, 22,684 head of sheep and 109,096 of swine. 
 
 Gov. "William Woodbridge was the chief executive from January, 
 1840, to February, 1841, when he resigned to accept a seat in the 
 
HISTOEF OF MICHIGAN. 83 
 
 U. S. Senate. J. Wright Gordon was Lieut.-Governor, and became 
 Acting Governor on the resignation of Gov.Woodbridge. 
 
 During the administration of these men, the railroad from Detroit 
 to Ann Arbor, a distance of 40 miles, was completed; branches of 
 the University were established at Detroit, Pontiac, Monroe, ISTiles, 
 Kalamazoo, Grand Kapids, Jackson, White Pigeon and Tecumseh. 
 The material growth of the State continued to increase, propor- 
 tionally more rapidly than even the population, which now amounted 
 to about 212,000. 
 
 John S. Barry succeeded Gov. Gordon in the executive chair, 
 serving from 1841 to 184.5. In 1842 the university was opened 
 for the reception of students, and the number of pupils attending 
 the common schools was officially reported- to be nearly 58,000. In 
 1843 a land office was established at Marshall, for the whole State. 
 In 1844 the taxable property of the State was found to be in value 
 $28,554,282, the tax being at the rate of two mills on the dollar. 
 The expenses of the State were only $70,000, while the income 
 from the two railroads was nearly $300,000. In 1845 the number 
 of inhabitants in the State had increased to more than 300,000. 
 
 Alpheus Felch served as Governor from 1845 to 1847. During 
 his time the two railroads belonging to the State were sold to pri- 
 vate corporations, — the Central for $2,000,000, and the Southern 
 for $500,000. The exports of the State amounted in 1846 to $4,647,- 
 608. The total capacity of vessels enrolled in the collection dis- 
 trict at Detroit was 26,928 tons, the steam vessels having 8,400 and 
 the sailing vessels 18,528 tons, the whole giving employment to 
 18,000 seamen. In 1847 there were 39 counties in the State, con- 
 taining 435 townships; and 275 of these townships were supplied 
 with good libraries, containing in the aggregate 37,000 volumes. 
 
 In the spring of 1846, on the account of northern and eastern 
 immigration into Texas, with tastes and habits different from the 
 native Mexicans, a war was precipitated between the United States 
 and Mexico; and for the prosecution of this war Michigan fur- 
 nished a regiment of volunteers, commanded by Thomas W. Stock- 
 ton, and one independent company, incurring a total expense of 
 about $10,500. March 3, 1847, Gov. Felch resigned to accept a 
 seat in the U. S. Senate, when the duties of his office devolved upon 
 Win. L. Greenly, under whose administration the Mexican war 
 was closed. 
 
 Tiiere are few records extant of the action of Michigan troops in 
 the Mexican war. That many went there and fought well are 
 points conceded; but their names and country of nativity are hid- 
 den away in U. S. archives where it is almost impossible to Und 
 them. 
 
 The soldiers of this State deserve much of the credit of the 
 memorable achievements of Co. K, 3d Dragoons, and Cos. A, E, 
 and G of the U. S. Inf. The two former of these companies, re- 
 
84 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 cruited in this State, were reduced to one-third their original num- 
 ber. 
 
 In May, 1846, our Governor was notified by the War Department 
 of the United States to enroll a regiment of volunteers, to be held 
 in readiness for service whenever demanded. At his summons 13 
 independent volunteer companies, 11 of infantry and two of cav- 
 alry, at once fell into line. Of the infantry four companies were 
 from Deti-olt, bearing the honored names of Montgomery, Lafay- 
 ette, Scott and Brady upon their banners. Of the remainder 
 Monroe tendered two, Lenawee county three, St. Clair, Berrien and 
 Hillsdale each one, and Wayne county an additional company. 
 Of these alone the veteran Bradys were accepted and ordered 
 into service. In addition to them 10 companies, making the First 
 Eegiment of Michigan Volunteers, springing from various parts of 
 the State, but embodying to a great degree the material of which 
 the first volunteers was formed, were not called' for until October 
 following. This regiment was soon in readiness and proceeded to 
 the seat of war. 
 
 Epaphroditus Eansom was Governor from 1847 to November, 
 1849. During his administration the Asylum for the Insane was 
 established at Kalamazoo, and also the Institute for the Blind, and 
 the Deaf and Dumb, at Flint. Both these institutions were liber- 
 ally endowed with lands, and each entrusted to a board of five 
 trustees. March 31, 1848, the first telegraph line was completed 
 from New York to Detroit. 
 
 John S. Barry, elected Governor of Michigan for the third time, 
 succeeded Gov. Eansom, and his term expired in November, 1851. 
 While he was serving this term a Normal school was established at 
 Ypsilanti, which was endowed with lands, placed in charge of a 
 Board of Education, consisting of six persons; a new State con- 
 stitution was adopted, and the great " railroad conspiracy " case 
 was tried. This originated in a number of lawless depredations 
 upon the property of the Michigan Central Railroad Company, ter- 
 minating with the burning of their de])ot at Detroit in 1850. The 
 next year 37 men were brought to trial, and 12 of them were con- 
 victed. The prosecution was conducted by Alex. D. Eraser, of 
 Detroit, and the conspirators were defended by Wm. H. Seward, of 
 New York. Judge Warner Wing presided. 
 
 Eobert McClelland followed Barry as Governor, serving until 
 March, 1853, when he resigned to accept the position of Secretary 
 of the Interior, in the cabinet of President Pierce. Lieut.-Gov. 
 Andrew Parsons consequently became Acting Governor, his term 
 expiring in November, 1854. 
 
 In the spring of 1854, during the administration of Acting Gov. 
 Parsons, the "Eepublican party," at least as a State organization, 
 was first formed in the United States " under the oaks " at Jackson, 
 by anti-slaver}' men of both the old parties. Great excitement 
 prevailed at this time, occasioned by the settling of Kansas and 
 the issue thereby brought up whether slavery should exist there. 
 
HISTOEY OF MICHIGAN. 85 
 
 For the purpose of permitting slavery there, the "Missouri com- 
 promise" (which limited slavery to the south of 36° 30') was re- 
 pealed, under the lead of Stephen A. Douglas. This was repealed 
 by a bill admitting Kansas and Nebraska into the Union as Terri- 
 tories, and those who were opposed to this repeal measure were 
 in short called "anti-Nebraska " men. The epithets " Nebraska" 
 and " anti-Nebraska " were temporarily employed to designate the 
 slavery and anti-slavery parties, pending the dissolution of the old 
 Democratic and Whig parties and the organization of the new 
 Democratic and Republican parties. At the next State election 
 Kinsley S. Bingham was elected by the Republicans Governor of 
 Michigan, and this State has ever since then been under Republi- 
 can control, the State officers of that party being elected by major- 
 ities ranging from 5,000 to 55,000. And the people of this State 
 generally, and the Republicans in particular, claim that this com- 
 monwealth has been as well taken care of since 1855 as any State 
 in the union, if not better, while preceding 1855 the Democrats 
 administered the government as well as any other State, if not 
 better. 
 
 As a single though signal proof of the high standard of Michi- 
 gan among her sister States, we may mention that while the taxes 
 in the New England States, New York, New Jersey and Pennsyl- 
 vania average $10.09 per capita, while in Massachusetts the average 
 is $17.10 per inhabitant, and while in the West the average is 
 $6.50, in Michigan it is only $4.57. At the same time it is gen- 
 erally believed even by the citizens of sister States, that Michigan 
 is the best governed commonwealth in the Union. 
 
 Kinsley S. Bingham was Governor from 1854 to 1858. The 
 most notable event during his administration was the completion of 
 the ship canal at the falls of St. Mary, May 26, 1855. An act of 
 Congress was approved, granting to the State of Michigan 750,000 
 acres of land for the purpose of constructing this canal. The 
 " sault," or rapids, of the St. Mary, have a fall of 17 feet in one 
 mile. The canal is one mile long, 100 feet wide and about 12 feet 
 deep. It has two locks of solid masonry. The work was commenced 
 in 1853 and finished in May, 1855, at a cost of $999,802. This is 
 one of the most important internal improvements ever made in the 
 State. 
 
 Moses Wisner was the next Governor of Michigan, serving from 
 1858 to November, 1860, at which time Abraham Lincoln was 
 elected President of the United States. National themes began to 
 grow exciting, and Michigan aifairs were almost lost in the warring 
 elements of strife tliat convulsed the nation from center to circum- 
 ference with a life-and-death struggle. 
 
 Austin Blair was the IStli Governor of Michigan, serving during 
 the perilous times of rebellion from 1861 to 1865, and by his patri- 
 otic and faithful execution of law and prompt aid of the general 
 Government, earning the well deserved title of " the War Gov- 
 
36 HISTOBT OF MIOHIGAN. 
 
 ernor." The particulars of the history of this State in connection 
 with that war we will reserve for the next section. 
 
 Henry H. Crapo succeeded Gov. Blair, serving one term. He 
 was elected during the dark hours just before the close of the war, 
 when he found the political sky overcast with the most ominous 
 cloudsof death and debt. The bonded debt of the State was $3,- 
 541,149.80, with a balance in the treasury of $440,047.29. In the 
 single year just closed the State had expended $823,216.75, and by 
 the close of the first year of his term this indebtedness had increased 
 more than $400,000' more. But the wise administration of this 
 Governor' began materially to reduce the debt and at the same time 
 till the treasury. The great war closed during the April after his 
 election, and he faithfully carried out the line of policy inaugurated 
 by his predecessor. The other prominent events during his time 
 of office are systematically interwoven with the history of the vari- 
 ous institutions of the State, and they will be found under heads in 
 their rtspective places. 
 
 Henry P. Baldwin was Governor two terms, namely, from January, 
 1868, to the close of 1872. The period of his administration was a 
 prosperous one for the State. In 1869 the taxable valuation of real 
 and personal property in the State amounted to $400,000,000, and 
 in 1871 it excteded $630,000,000. 
 
 During Gov. Baldwin's time a step was taken to alter the State 
 constitution so as to enable counties, townships, cities and incorpo- 
 rated villages, in their corporate capacity, to aid in the construction 
 of railroads. Bonds had been issued all over the State by these mu- 
 nicipalities in aid of railroads, under laws which had been enacted 
 by the Legislature at five different sessions, but a case coming before 
 the Supreme Court involving the constitutionality of these laws, 
 the Ben.;h decided that the laws were unconstitutional, and thus the 
 railroads were left to the mercy of "soul-less" corporations. Gov. 
 Baldwin, in this emergency, called an extra session of the Legisla- 
 ture, which submitted the desired constitutional amendment to the 
 people; but it was by them defeated in November, 1870. 
 
 The ninth census having been officially published, it became the 
 duty of tlie States in 1872 to make a re-apportionment of districts 
 for the purpose of representation in Congress. Since 1863 Michi- 
 gan had had six representatives, but the census of 1870 entitled it 
 to nine. 
 
 During the last two years of Gov. Baldwin's administration the 
 preliminary measures for building a new State capitol engrossed 
 much of his attention. His wise counsels concerning tliis much- 
 needed new building were generally adopted by the Legislature, 
 which was convened in extra session in March, 1872. 
 
 Ample provision having been madefor the payment of the funded 
 debt of the State by setting apart some of the trust-fund receipts, 
 and such portion of the specific taxes as were not required for the 
 payment of interest on the public debt, the one-eighth mill tax for 
 the sinking fund was abolished in 1870. 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 87 
 
 The fall of 1871 is noted for the many destructive conflagrations 
 in the Northwest, including the great Chicago fire. Several villages 
 in this State were either wholly or partially consumed, and much 
 property was burned up nearly all over the country. This was due 
 to tlie excessive dryness of the season. In this State alone nearly 
 3,000 families, or about 18,000 persons, were rendered houseless 
 and deprived of the necessaries of life. Relief committees were 
 organized at Detroit, Grand Rapids and elsewhere, and in a short 
 time $462,106 in money and about $250,000 worth of clothing were 
 forwarded to the sufferers. Indeed, so generous were the people 
 that they would have given more than was necessary had they not 
 been informed by the Governor in a proclamation that a sufficiency 
 had been raised. 
 
 The dedication of the soldiers' and sailors' monument at Detroit, 
 April 9, 1872, was a notable event in Gov. Baldwin's time. This 
 grand structure was designed by RandolphRogers, formerly of Michi- 
 gan, and one of the most eminent of American sculptors now living. 
 The money to defray the expenses of this undertaking was raised by 
 subscription, and persons in all parts of the State were most liberal 
 in their contributions. The business was managed by an associa- 
 tion incorporated in 186S. The monument is 46 feet high, and is 
 surmounted by a colossal statue of Michigan in bronze, 10 feet in. 
 height. She is represented as a semi-civilized Indian queen, with 
 a sword in her right hand and a shield in her left. The dedicatory 
 lines in front are: " Erected by the people of Michigan, in honor 
 of the martyrs who fell and the heroes who fought in defense of 
 liberty and union." On the monument are many beautiful designs. 
 At the unveiling there was a large concourse of people from all 
 parts of the State, and the address was delivered by ex-Governor 
 Blair. 
 
 John jr. Bagley succeeded to the governorship Jan. 1, 1873, and 
 served two terms. During hia administration the new capitol was 
 principally built, which is a larger and better structure for the 
 money than perhaps any other public building in the United States. 
 Under Gov. Bagley's counsel and administration the State pros- 
 pered in all its departments. The Legislature of 1873 made it the 
 duty of the Governor to appoint a commission to revise the State 
 constitution, which duty he performed to the satisfaction of all 
 parties, and the commission made thorough work in revising the 
 fundamental laws of this commonwealth. 
 
 Charles M. Croswell was next the chief executive of this State, 
 exercising the functions of tlie office for two successive ternas, 
 1877-'81. During his administration the public debt was greatly 
 reduced, a policy adopted requiring State institutions to keep 
 within the limit of appropriations, laws enacted to provide more 
 effectually for the punishment of corruption and bribery in elec- 
 tions, the State House of Correction at Ionia and the Eastern 
 Asylum for the Insane at Pontiac were opened, and the now capi- 
 tol at Lansing was completed and occupied. The first act of his 
 
88 HISTOEY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 second term was to preside at the dedication of this building. The 
 great riot of 1877 centered at Jackson. During those two or 
 three fearful days Grov. Oroswell was in his office at Lansing, in 
 ■correspondence with members of the military department in differ- 
 ent parts of the State, and within 48 hours from the moment when 
 the danger became imminent the rioters found themselves sur- 
 rounded by a military force ready with ball and cartridge for their 
 annihilation. Were it not for this promptness of the Governor 
 there would probably have been a great destruction of property, if 
 not also of life. 
 
 At this date (February, 1881), Hon. David H. Jerome has just 
 assumed tiie duties of the executive chair, while all the machinery 
 of the Government is in good running order and the people gener- 
 ally are prosperous. 
 
 WAE OF THE EEBELLION. 
 
 Aa soon as the President called for troops to suppress the Rebel- 
 lion in April, 1861, the loyal people of the Peninsular State 
 promptly responded and furnished the quota assigned. Austin 
 Blair, a man peculiarly fitted for the place during the emergency, 
 was Governor, and John Robertson, Adjutant General. Thepeople 
 of Michigan have ever since been proud of the record of these two 
 men during the war, but this does not exclude the honor due all the 
 humble soldiery who obediently exposed their lives in defense of 
 rhe common country. Michigan has her full siiare of the buried 
 dead in obscure and forgotten places all over the South as well as 
 in decent cemeteries throughout the North. It was Michiffin men 
 that captured Jeff. Davis, namely: the 4th Cavalry, under Col. B. 
 F. Pritchard; and it was Michigan men that materially aided in the 
 successful capture of Wilkes Booth, the assassin of the martyred 
 Lincoln. 
 
 The census of this State for 1860 showed a population of 751,- 
 110. The number of able-bodied men capable of military service 
 was estimated in official documents of that date at 110,000. At the 
 same time the financial embarrassment of the State was somewhat 
 serious, and the annual tax of $226,250 was deemed a grievous bur- 
 den. But such was the patriotism of the people that by Dec. 23, 
 1862, an aggregate of 45,569 had gone to battle, besides 1,400 who 
 had gone into other States and recruited. By the end of the war 
 Michigan had sent to the front 90,747, or more than four-fifths the 
 estimated number of able-bodied men at the beginning! 
 
 PDBLIO-SCHOOL SYSTEM. 
 
 Michigan has as good a public-school system as can be found 
 anywhere in the Union. Ever since 1785 tlie acts of Congress as 
 well as the acts of this State since its organization, have encourao-ed 
 popular education by land grants and liberal appropriations" of 
 
HISTOEY OF MICHIGAN. 89 
 
 money. The 16th section of each township was early placed in the 
 custody of the State for common-school purposes, and all the pro- 
 ceeds of the sale of school lands go into the perpetual fund. In 
 1842 the superintendent of public instruction reported a dis- 
 crepancy of over $2-1,000 in the funds, owing to imperfect records, 
 probably, rather than dishonesty of officials. Sept. 30, 1878, the 
 primary-school fund amounted to $2,890,090.73, and the swairip- 
 land school fund to $361,237.20. 
 
 The qualification of teachers and the supervision of schools were 
 for many years in the hands of a board of three inspectors, then 
 the county superintendency system was adopted for many years, 
 and since 1875 the township system has been in vogue. The 
 township Board of School Inspectors now consists of the township 
 clerk, one elected inspector and a township superintendent of 
 schools. The latter officer licenses the teachers and visits the 
 schools. 
 
 In 1877 the school children (5 to 20 years of age) numbered 
 469,504; the average number of months of school, 7.4; number of 
 graded schools, 295; number of school-houses, 6,078, valued at 
 $9,190,175; amount of two-mill tax, $492,646.94; district taxes, 
 $2,217,961; total resources for the year, $3,792,129.59; total 
 expenditures, $3,179,976.06. 
 
 STATE UNIVEESITY. 
 
 By an act of Congress in 1804, a township of land was to be 
 reserved in the territory now constituting the lower peninsula " for 
 the use of seminaries of learning;" but the most of this reservation 
 in 1841 went to a Catholic institution at Detroit. In 1824, through 
 the exertions of Austin E. Wing, delegate to Congress, Gov. "Wood- 
 bridge and others, a second township was granted, with permission 
 to select the sections in detached localities, and about this time 
 Judge Woodward devised that novel and extensive scheme for 
 the " catholepistemiad," elsewhere referred to in this volume. In 
 1837 the Legislature established the University at Ann Arbor, and 
 appropriated the 72 sections to its benefit; 916 acres of this land 
 were located in what is now the richest part of Toledo, O., from 
 which the University finally realized less than $18,000! 
 
 But the State in subsequent years made many liberal appropria- 
 tions to this favorite institution, until it has become tlie greatest seat 
 of learning west of New England, if not in all America. It is a 
 part of the public-school system of the State, as tuition is free, and 
 pupils graduating at the high schools are permitted to enter the 
 freshman class of the collegiate department. It no\\Mias an average 
 attendance of 1,200 to 1,400 students, 450 of whom are in the college 
 proper. In 1879 there were 406 in the law department, 329 in the 
 medical, 71 in pharmacy, 62 in dental surgery and 63 in the homeo- 
 pathic department. There are over 50 professors and teachers. 
 The University is under the control of eight regents, elected by the 
 
90 HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 people, two every second year. Kev. Henry B. Tappan, D. D., 
 was president from 1852 to 1863, then Erastus O. Haven, D. D., 
 LL. D., to 1869, then Prof. H. S. Frieze (acting) until 1871, since 
 which time the reins have been held by Hon. James B. Angell, 
 LL. D. 
 
 The value of the buildings and grounds was estimated in 1879 
 at $319,000, and the personal property at $250,000. 
 
 STATE NOEMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 John D. Pierce, the first superintendent of public instruction, in 
 his first report to the Legislature, urged the importance of a normal 
 school. In this enterprise he was followed by his successors in office 
 until 1849, when Ira Mayhew was State Superintendent, and the 
 Legislature appropriated 72 sections of land for the purpose; and 
 among the points competing for the location of the school, Ypsi- 
 lanti won, and in that place the institution was permanently located. 
 The building was completed and dedicated with appropriate cere- 
 monies Oct. 5, ]852; next year the Legislature appropriated $7,000 
 in money, for expenses. Prof. A. S. Welch, nowPresident of Iowa 
 Agricultural College, was elected the first principal. In October, 
 1859, the building with contents was burned, and a new building 
 was immediately erected. In 1878 the main building was enlarged 
 at an expense of $43,347. This enlargement was 88x90 feet, and 
 has a hall capable of seating 1,200 persons. The value of buildings 
 and other property at the present time is estimated at $111,100. 
 Number of students, 616, including 144 in the primary depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Each member of the Legislature is authorized by the Board of 
 Education to appoint two students from his district who may attend 
 one year free of tuition; other students pay $10 per annum. Grad- 
 uates of this school are entitled to teach in this State without re-ex- 
 amination by any school officer. 
 
 AGEICULTUEAL COLLEGE. 
 
 The Michigan Agricultural College owes its establishment to a 
 provision of the State constitution of 1850. Article 13 says, " The 
 Legislature shall, as soon as practicable, provide for the establish- 
 ment of an agricultural school." For the purpose of carrying into 
 practice this provision, legislation was commenced in 1855, and the 
 act required that the school should be within 10 miles of Lansing, 
 and that not more than $15 an acre should be paid for the farm and 
 college grounds. The college was opened to students in May, 1857, 
 the first of existing agricultural colleges in the United States. 
 Until the spring of 1861 it was under the control of the State Board 
 of Education; since that time it has been under the management 
 of the State Board of Agriculture, created for the purpose. 
 
THE CAPITOL, AT LANSING. 
 
92 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 In its essential features of combining study and labor, and of 
 uniting general and professional studies in its course, the college 
 has remained virtually unchanged from the first. It has had a 
 steady growth in number of students, in means of illustration and 
 efficiency of instruction. 
 
 An act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, donated to each State 
 public lands to the amount of 30,000 acres for each of its Senators 
 and Repre?entatives in Congress, according to the census of 1860, 
 for the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college 
 where the leading object should be, without excluding other scien- 
 tific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach 
 such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the 
 mechanic arts. The Legislature accepted this grant and bestowed 
 it upon the Agricultural College. By its provisions the college has 
 received 235,673.37 acres of land. These lands have been placed in 
 market, and about 74,000 acres sold, yielding a fund of $337,174, 
 the interest of which at seven per cent, is applied to the support of 
 the college. The sale is under the direction of the Agricultural 
 Land Grant Board, consisting of the Governor, Auditor General, 
 Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Attorney General and Commis- 
 sioner of the State Land Office. 
 
 The Agricultural College is three miles east of Lansing, com- 
 prising several fine buildings; and there are also very beautiful, 
 substantial residences for the professors. There are also an exten- 
 sive, well-filled green-house, a very large and well-equipped chemi- 
 cal laboratory, one of the most scientific apiaries in the United 
 States, a general museum, a museum of mechanical inventions, 
 another of vegetable products, extensive barns, piggeries, etc., etc., 
 in fine trim for the purposes designed. The farm consists of 676 
 acres, of which about 800 are under cultivation in a systematic 
 rotation of crops. 
 
 OTHEB COLLEGES. 
 
 At Albion is a flourishing college under the control of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. The grounds comprise about 15 
 acres. There are three college buildings, each three-stories high, 
 having severally the dimensions of 46 by 80, 40 by 100, and 47 by 
 80 feet. The attendance in 1878 was 205. Tuition in the prepara- 
 tory and collegiate studies is free. The faculty comprises nine 
 members. The value of property about $86,000. 
 
 Adrian College was established by the Wesleyan Methodists in 
 1859, now under the control of the " Methodist Church." The 
 grounds contain about 20 acres. There are four buildings, capable 
 of accommodating about 225 students. Attendance in 1875 was 
 179; total number of graduates for previous years, 121; 10 profes- 
 sors and teachers are employed. Exclusive of the endowment fund 
 ($80,000), the assets of the institution, including grounds, build- 
 ings, furniture, apparatus, musical instruments, outlying lands, 
 etc., amount to more than $137,000. 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 93 
 
 Hope College, at Holland, is tinder the patronage of the Dutch 
 Reformed Church. It was begun in 1851, and in connection with the 
 ordinary branches of learning, it has a theological department. In 
 1877 it had 10 professors and teachers and 110 pupils. Up to 1875 
 there had graduated, in the preparatory department, begun in 1863, 
 95; in the academic, beginning in 1866, 53; and in the theological, 
 beginning in 1869, 24. Value of real estate, $25,000; of other prop- 
 erty, above incumbrance, about $10,000; the amount of endow- 
 ment paid in is about $56,000. 
 
 Kalamazoo College, headed by Baptists, is situated on a five-acre 
 lot of ground, and the property is valued at $85,000; investments, 
 $88,000. There are six members of the faculty, and in 1878 there 
 were 169 pupils. 
 
 Hillsdale College was established in 1855 by the Free Baptists. 
 The " Michigan Central College," at Spring Arbor, was incorpo- 
 rated in 1845. It was kept in operation until it was merged into 
 the present Hillsdale College. The site comprises 25 acres, beauti- 
 fully situated on an eminence in the western part of the city of 
 Hillsdale. The large and imposing building first erected was 
 nearly destroyed by fire in 1874, and in its place five buildings of 
 a more modern style have been erected. They are of brick, 
 three stories with basement, arranged on three sides of a quad- 
 rangle. Their size is, respectively, 80 by 80, 48 by 72, 48 by 72, 
 80 by 60, 52 by 72, and they contain one-half more room than the 
 original building. Ex-Lieut. -Gov. E. B. Fairfield was the first 
 president. The present president is Rev. D. W. C. Durgin, D. D. 
 Whole number of graduates up to 1878, 375; number of students 
 in all departments, 506; number of professors and instructors, 15; 
 productive endowment, about $100,000; buildings and grounds, 
 $80,000; library, 6,200 volumes. 
 
 Olivet College, in Eaton county, is a lively and thorough literary 
 and fine-art institution, under the joint auspices of the Presbyterian 
 and Congregational denominations. Value of buildings and 
 grounds, about $85,000. Fourteen professors and teachers are em- 
 ployed, and the attendance in 1878 was 190, the sexes in about 
 equal proportion. There are five departments, namely: the colle- 
 giate, preparatory, normal, music and art. 
 
 Battle Creek College, conducted by the Seventh-Day Adventists, 
 was established in 1874, with four departments, 11 professors and 
 teachers, and an attendance of 289. It is practically connected 
 with a large health institution, where meat and medicines are 
 eschewed. In 1878 there were 15 instructors and 478 students. 
 Special attention is paid to hygiene and hygienic medication. 
 
 Grand Traverse College was opened at Benzonia in 1863, as the 
 result of the efforts of Rev. Dr. J. B. "Walker, a prominent divine 
 of the Congregational Church. The friends of this institution 
 have met with serious discouragements: their lands have not risen 
 in value as anticipated and they have suffered a heavy loss from 
 fire; but the college has been kept open to the present time, with 
 
94 HISTOKY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 an averao-e of YO pupils. The curriculum, however, has so far been 
 only " preparatory." The land is valued at $25,000, and the build- 
 ings, etc., $6,000. The school has done a good work in qualifying 
 teachers for the public schools. 
 
 Besides the foregoing colleges, there are the German- American 
 Seminary in Detroit, a Catholic seminary at Monroe, the Michigan 
 Female Seminary at Kalamazoo, the Military Academy at Orchard 
 Lake, near Pontiac, and others. 
 
 CHAKITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 No State in the union takes better care of her poor than does 
 Michigan. For a number of years past, especially under the 
 administrations of Govs. Bagley and Croswell, extraordinary efforts 
 have been made to improve and bring to perfection the appoint- 
 ments for the poor an<i dependent. 
 
 According to the report of the Board of State Commissioners 
 for the general supervision of charitable, penal, pauper and reform- 
 atory institutions for 1876, the total number in poor-houses of the 
 State was 5,282. For the five years preceding, the annual rate of 
 increase was four times greater than the increase of population 
 during that period; but that was an exceptionally "hard" time. 
 The capacity of the public heart, however, was equal to the occa- 
 sion, and took such measures as were effectual and almost beyond 
 criticism for the care of the indigent. 
 
 At the head of the charity department of the State stands 
 
 THE STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL. 
 
 In the year 1870 a commission appointed by the Governor for 
 that purpose, visited many of the poor-houses in the State, and 
 found a large number of children in them under 16 years of age, 
 indiscriminately associated with idiots, maniacs, prostitutes and 
 vagrants. Their report recommended the classification of paupers) 
 and especially, that children in the county houses, under 16 years, 
 should be placed in a State school. The act establishing the school 
 was passed in 1871, in conformity with the recommendation. As 
 amended in 1873, it provides, in substance, that there shall be received 
 as pupils in such school all neglected and dependent children that 
 are over four and under 16 years of age, and that are in suitable 
 condition of body or mind to receive instruction, especially those 
 maintained in the county poor-houses, those who have been deserted 
 by their parents, or are orphans, or whose parents have been con- 
 victed of crime. It is declared to be the object of the act to pro- 
 vide for such children temporary homes only, until homes can be 
 procured for them in families. The plans comprehend the ulti- 
 mate care of all children of the class described, and it is made 
 unlawful to retain such children in poor-houses when there is room 
 for them in the State Public School. Dependent orphans and half 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 95 
 
 orphans of deceased soldiers and sailors have the preference of 
 admission should there be more applications than room. Provi- 
 sion is made for perserving a record of the parentage and history 
 of each child. 
 
 The general supervision of the school is delegated to a Board of 
 Control, consisting of three members, who are appointed by the 
 Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Board 
 appoints the superintendent, officers and teachers of the school. 
 One officer is appointed to look up homes for the children, to 
 apprentice them, and to keep a general oversight of them by visita- 
 tion or correspondence. To complete the work of this institution, 
 an agent is appointed in each county. 
 
 The internal government of this school is that known as the 
 " family " and " congregate " combined, the families consisting of 
 about 30 members each, and being under the care of " cottage 
 managers," ladies whom the children call " aunties," and who are 
 supposed to care for the children as mothers. Each child of -suffi- 
 cient years is expected to work three hours every day; some work 
 on the farm, some in the dining-room and kitchen, while others 
 make shoes, braid straw hats, make their own clothing, work in the 
 bakery, engine room, laundry, etc. They are required to attend 
 school three to five hours a day, according to their ages, and the 
 school hours are divided into sessions to accommodate the work. 
 
 The buildings, 10 in number, comprise a main building, eight 
 cottages and a hospital, all of brick. The buildings are steam 
 heated, lighted with gas and have good bathing facilities. There 
 are 41 acres of land in connection with the school, and the total 
 value of all the property is about $150,000, furnishing accommoda- 
 tions for 240 children. 
 
 STATE fJEFOEM SCHOOL. 
 
 This was established at Lansing in 1855, in the northeastern por- 
 tion of the city,^s the " House of Correction for Juvenile Offend- 
 ers," having about it many of the features of a prison. In 1859 
 the name was changed to " The State Reform School." The gov- 
 ernment and discipline have undergone many and radical changes 
 until all the prison features have been removed except those that 
 remain in the walls of the original structure, and which remain 
 only as monuments of instructive history. No bolts, bars or guards 
 are employed. The inmates are necessarily kept under the surveil- 
 lance of officers, but the attempts at escape are much fewer than 
 under the more rigid regime of former days. This school is for the 
 detention, education and reformation of boys between the ages of 
 eight and 16 years, who are convicted of light offenses. 
 
 The principal building is four-stories high, including basement, 
 and has an extreme length of 246 feet, the center a depth of 48 
 feet, and the wings a depth of 33 feet each. Besides, there are two 
 " family houses," where the more tractable and less vicious boys 
 
96 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 form a kind of family, as distinguished from the congregate life of 
 the institutioa proper. The boys are required to work a half a day 
 and attend school a half a day. A farm of 328 acres belonging to 
 the school furnishes work for many of the boys during the working 
 season. Some are employed in making clothing and shoes for the 
 inmates. The only shop-work now carried on is the cane-seating 
 of chairs; formerly, cigars were manufactured here somewhat exten- 
 sively. There is no contract labor, but all the work is done by the 
 institution itself. 
 
 The number of inmates now averages about 200, and are taken 
 care of by a superintendent and assistant, matron and assistant, two 
 overseers and six teachers. 
 
 INSTITUTION FOE THE DEAF AND DUMB, AND THE BLIND. 
 
 This is located at Flint, 60 miles nearly northwest of Detroit. 
 The act establishing it was passed in 1848, and the school was first 
 opened in 1854, in a leased building. It is a school in common for 
 deaf mutes and the blind, rather from motives of econoni}' than 
 from any relation which the two classes bear to one another. 
 The buildings were commenced in 1853. The principal ones now 
 are: front building, 43 l)y 72 feet, with east and west wings, each 
 28 by 60 feet; center building, 40 by 60, and east and west wings, 
 each 50 by 70 feet; main school building, 52 by 54, with two 
 wings, each 25 by 60 feet. All of these buildings are four stories 
 high ; center of the front building is five stories, including base- 
 ment. There are also a boiler and engine house, barns, etc., etc. 
 The total value of the buildings is estimated at $358,045, and of 
 the 88 acres of land occupied, $17,570. 
 
 The number of inmates has increased from 94 in 1865 to 225 
 in 1875. Including the principal, there are 10 teachers employed 
 in the deaf and dumb department, and four in the blind, besides 
 the matron and her assistants. Tuition and board are free to all 
 resident subjects of the State, and the trustees are authorized to 
 assist indigent subjects in the way of clothing, etc., to the amount 
 of $40 a year. An annual census of all deaf mutes and blind per- 
 sons in the State is officially taken and reported to the overseers 
 of the poor, who are to see that these unfortunate members of the 
 human family are properly cared for. 
 
 ASYLUM FOE THE INSANE, AT KALAMAZOO. 
 
 This institution was established in 1848, and now consists of two 
 departments, one for males and the other for females. The capacity 
 of the former is 280 and of the latter 300 patients. In their general 
 construction botli buildings are arranged in accordance with the 
 principles laid down by the Association of Medical Superintendents 
 of American Institutions ibr the Insane. The buildings are of 
 brick, with stone trimmings, and are very substantial, as well as 
 
HISTOKT OF MICHIGAN. 97 
 
 beautiful. The entire cost of both buildings, with all the auxiliary 
 structures, and 195 acres of land, is about $727,173.90. The 
 buildings were constructed during the war and immediately after- 
 ward. The asylum was opened in 1859 for the care of patients, 
 and up to Oct. 1, 1875, there had been expended for the care and 
 maintenance of patients, exclusive of the cost of construction, 
 $994,711.32. Indigent patients are received and treated at the 
 asylum at the expense of the counties to which they belong, on the 
 certification of the county authorities, the average cost of main- 
 tenance being about $4.12-| per week. Pay patients are received 
 when there is room for them, the minimum price of board being 
 $5 per week. 
 
 EASTERN ASYLUM FOE THE INSANE, AT PONTIAC. 
 
 These large, beautiful and verji modern structures are located 
 upon a farm of upward of 300 acres, and were erected in 1873-'6at 
 a cost of about $400,000. The general plans are similar to those 
 at Kalamazoo. They are built of brick, with stone window caps, 
 belt-conrses, etc. There are accommodations for not less than 300 
 patients. 
 
 Michigan pursues a very enlightened policy toward the chronic 
 insane. Provisions have been made for the treatment even of 
 the incurable, so that as much good as possible may be done even 
 to the most unfortunate. The design is to cure whenever the 
 nature of the mental malady will permit; but failing this, to cease 
 no effort which could minister to the comfort and welfare of the 
 patient. 
 
 PENAL INSTITUTIONS, 
 
 The Detroit House of Correction, although a local institution, is 
 used to a considerable extent as an intermediate prison, to which 
 persons are sentenced by the courts throughout the State for minor 
 offenses. Women convicted of felonies are also sentenced to this 
 place. The whole number in confinement at this prison for the past 
 decade has averaged a little over 400 at any one time, more males 
 than females. The average term of confinement is but a little more 
 than two months, and the institution is very faithfully conducted. 
 
 Tlie State Prison at Jackson is one of the best conducted in the 
 Union. The total value of the property is valued at $552,113. The 
 earnings of the prison in 1878 were $92,378; number of prisoners; 
 800. Their work is let to contractors, who employ 450 men at 
 different trades. A coal mine has been recently discovered on the 
 prison property, which proves a saving of several thousand dollars 
 per annum to the State. The earnings of this prison since Gen. 
 Wm. Humphrey has been warden (1875) has exceeded its current 
 expenses. 
 
 7 
 
98 HISTOEr OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 The State Prison at Ionia was established a few years ago for the 
 reception of convicts whose crimes are not of the worst type, and 
 those who are young, but too old for the Eeform School. The 
 ground comprises 53 acres of land, 13^ of which is enclosed by a 
 brick wall 18 feet high. Estimated value of property, $277,490; 
 current expenses for 1878, $45,744; earnings for 1878, $5,892; num- 
 ber of prisoners Dec. 31, 1878, 250; number received during the 
 year, 346. 
 
 THE STATE AGEIOULTUEAL SOCIETY 
 
 • 
 
 is distinct from the State Agricultural Board, the latter being sim- 
 ply an executive over the Agricultural College under the laws of 
 the State. The former was organized at Lansing March 23, 1849, 
 and was specially incorporated by act of April 2 following, since 
 which time it has numbered among its officers and executive mem- 
 bers some of the foremost men of the State. It has held annual 
 fairs in various places, and the number of entries for premiums has 
 risen from 623 to several thousand, and its receipts from $808.50 to 
 $58,780. The premiums offered and awarded have increased pro- 
 portionally. 
 
 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 At an informal meeting of several gentlemen in Grand Eapids 
 Feb. 11, 1870, it was resolved to organize a State pomological 
 society, and at an adjourned meeting on the 26th of the same month, 
 the organization was perfected, and the first officers elected were: H. 
 G. Saunders, President; S. L. Fuller, Treasurer; and A. T. Linder- 
 man, Secretary. The society was incorporated April 15, 1871, " for 
 the purpose of promoting the interest of pomology, horticulture, 
 agriculture, and kindred sciences and arts." During the first two 
 years monthly meetings were required, but in 1872 quarterly meet- 
 ings were substituted. It now has a room in the basement of the 
 new Capitol. T. T. Lyon, of South Haven, is President, and Charles 
 W. Garfield, of Grand Kapids, Secretary. Under the supervision of 
 this society, Michigan led the world in the centennial exposition at 
 Philadelphia in the exhibition of winter apples. The contributions 
 of this society to pomological literature are also richer than can be 
 found elsewhere in the tlnited States. 
 
 STATE FISHEEIES. 
 
 Very naturally, the denser population of the white race, as it 
 took possession of this wild country, consumed what they found 
 already abundant long before they commenced to renew the stock. 
 It was so with the forests; it was so with the fish. An abundance 
 of a good variety of fish was found in all our rivers and little lakes 
 by the early settlers, but that abundance was gradually reduced 
 until these waters were entirely robbed of their useful inhabitants. 
 
HISTOKY OF MICHIGAN. 99 
 
 Scarcely a thought of re-stocking the inland waters of this State 
 was entertained until the spring of 1873, when a board of fish 
 commissioners was authorized by law; and while the people gen- 
 erally still shook their heads in skepticism, the board went on with 
 its duty until these same people are made glad with the results. 
 
 Under the efficient superintendency of Geo. H. Jerome, of J^iles, 
 nearly all the lakes and streams within the lower peninsula have 
 been more or less stocked with shad, white-fish, salmon or lake 
 trout, land-locked or native salmon, eel, etc., and special efibrts are 
 also made to propagate that beautiful and useful fish, the grayling, 
 whose home is in the Manistee and Muskegon rivers. Much more 
 is hoped for, however, than is yet realized. Like every other great 
 innovation, many failures must be sufiered before the brilliant crown 
 of final success is won. 
 
 The value of all the property employed in fish propagation in 
 the State is but a little over $4,000, and the total expenses of con- 
 ducting the business from Dec. 1, 1876, to July 1, 1877, were 
 $14,000. 
 
 The principal hatcheries are at Detroit and Pokagon. 
 
 was organized April 13, 1876, at Battle Creek, for "the protection 
 and promotion of the best interests of the firemen of Michigan, the 
 compilation of fire statistics, the collection of information concern- 
 ing the practical working of diflferent systems of organization; the 
 examination of the merits of the different kinds of fire apparatus 
 in use, and the improvement in the same; and the cultivation of a 
 fraternal fellowship between the different companies in the State." 
 The association holds it meetings annually, at various places in the 
 State, and as often publish their proceedings, in pamphlet form. 
 
 STATE BOARD OF PtJBLIC HEALTH. 
 
 This Board was established in 1873, and consists of seven mem- 
 bers, appointed by the Governor, the secretary ex officio a member 
 and principal executive officer. It is the duty of this Board to 
 make sanitary investigations and inquiries respecting the causes of 
 disease, especially of epidemics; the causes of mortality, and the 
 eftects of localities, emploj^ments, conditions, ingesta, habits and 
 circumstances on the health of the people; to advise other officers 
 in regard to -the location, drainage, water supply, disposal of ex- 
 creta, heating and ventilation of any public building; and also to 
 advise all local health officers concerning their duties; and to 
 recommend standard works from time to time on hygiene for the 
 use of public schools. The secretary is required to collect informa- 
 tion concerning vital statistics, knowledge respecting diseases and 
 all useful information on the subject of hygiene, and through an 
 annual report, and otherwise, as the Board may direct, to dissemi- 
 
100 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 nate such information among the people. These interesting duties 
 have been performed by Dr. Henry B. Baker from the organization 
 of the Board to the present time. The Board meets quarterly at 
 Lansing. 
 
 THE LAND OFFICE 
 
 of this State has a great deal of business to transact, as it has within 
 its jurisdiction an immense amount of new land in market, and 
 much more to come in. During the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 
 1877, the total number of acres sold was 50,835.72, for $87,968.05, 
 of which $69,800.54 was paid in hand. At that time the amount of 
 land still owned by the State was 3,049,905.46, of which 2,430,050.- 
 47 acres were swamp land, 447,270.89 primary school, 164,402.55 
 Agricultural College, 310.26 University, 160 Normal School, 2,- 
 115.63 Salt Spring, 1,840 Asylum, 32.40 State building, 3,342.75 
 asset, and 380.31 internal improvement. But of the foregoing, 
 1,817,084.25 acres, or more than half,' are not in market. 
 
 STATE LIBEAKT. 
 
 Territorial Library , 1828-1835. — The first knowledge that we 
 have of this library, is derived from the records found in the printed 
 copies of the journals and documents of the Legislative Councils of 
 the Territory, and in the manuscript copies of the executive jour- 
 nals. 
 
 The library was established by an act of the Legislative Council, 
 approved June 16, 1828, authorizing the appointment of a librarian 
 by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Council. 
 
 The librarian so appointed was required to take an oath of office 
 and give bond to the treasurer of the Territory in the sum of $1,- 
 000, for the faithful performance of his duties; his time of service 
 was for two years or until another be appointed. 
 
 The librarian was also required to take charge of the halls and 
 committee room, and other property appertaining to the Legislative 
 Council. He was also required to make an annual report to the 
 Council, upon the state of the library, and upon all such branches 
 of duty as might from time to time be committed to his charge. 
 For his services he was to receive annually the sum of $100. 
 
 The library seemed to have been kept open only during the actual 
 sittings of the Legislative Council. 
 
 The executive journal by its records shows that under the pro- 
 visions of this act, William B. Hunt was appointed librarian July 
 3, 1828, by Gov. Lewis Cass, for the term of two years. Mr. Hunt 
 continued to act as librarian until March 7, 1834, when Gersham 
 Mott "Williams was appointed by Gov. Porter. Mr. "Williams seems 
 to have acted as librarian until the organization of the institution 
 as a State library. 
 
 The honored names of Henry B. Schoolcraft, Charles Moran, 
 Daniel S. Bacon,Calvin Brittain, Elon Farnsworth, Charles C. Has- 
 
HISTOET OF MICHIGAN. 101 
 
 call and others are found in the list of the members of the Library 
 committee. 
 
 March, 1836, the State library was placed in charge of the Secre- 
 tary of State; in February, 1837, it was given to thecareof the pri- 
 vate secretary of the Governor; Dec. 28 following its custody was 
 given to the Governor and Secretary of State, with power to appoint 
 a librarian and make rules and regulations for its government. C. 
 C. Jackson acted as the first librarian for the State. Lewis Bond 
 also had the care of the books for a time. Oi'en Marsh was appointed 
 librarian in 1837, and had the office several years. In March, 1840, 
 the law was again changed, and the library was placed in the care 
 of the Secretary of State, and the members of the Legislature and 
 executive officers of the State were to have free access to it at all 
 times. 
 
 State Library. — The library was of course increased from time 
 to time by Legislative appropriations. In 1844, as the result of the 
 efibrts of Alexandre Yattemare, from Paris, a system of interna- 
 tional exchanges was adopted. 
 
 April 2, 1850, an act was passed requiring the Governor to 
 appoint a State librarian with the consent of the Senate, and it was 
 made the duty of the librarian to have the sole charge of the library. 
 This act, with some amendments, still remains in force. It requires 
 the librarian to make biennial reports and catalogues. The libra- 
 rians under this act have been: Henry Tisdale, April 2, 1850, to 
 Jan. 27, 1851; Charles J. Fox, to July 1, 1853; Charles P. Bush, 
 to Dec. 5.1854; John James Bush, 'to Jan. 6. 1855; DeWitt C. 
 Leach, toFeb. 2, 1857; George W. Swift, to Jan. 27, 1869; J. 
 Eugene Tenney, to April 5, 1869; and Mrs. Harriet A. Tenney to 
 the present time. This lady has proved to be one of the best libra- 
 rians in the United States. She has now in her charge about 60,- 
 000 volumes, besides thousands of articles in the new and rapidly 
 growing museum department. She is also Secretary of the " Pio- 
 neer Society of the State of Michigan," and has charge of the books, 
 papers and relics collected by that society. The library and these 
 museums are now kept in tiie new State capitol at Lansing, in a 
 series of rooms constructed for the purpose, and are all arranged in 
 the most convenient order and with the neatest taste. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The earliest effijrt for the establishment of a bank within the pres- 
 ent limits of the State of Michigan was in 1806. The act of Con- 
 gress establishing the Territory of Michigan conferred legislative 
 Eowers on the Governor and judges; and at their first session as a 
 ioard, a petition for an act incorporating a bank was presented to 
 them. This was at a time when the local business could scarcely 
 have demanded a banking institution, or have afforded much prom- 
 ise of its success. The small town of Detroit had just been laid in 
 ashes, and the population of the entire Territory was inconsidera- 
 
I*AW BUILDING. 
 
 UNIVERSITY HALX. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN AEBOR. 
 
MEDICAL BUILDING. 
 
 CHEMICAL LABOKATORT. 
 
 TTNITEESITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOE. 
 
104 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 ble, being reckoned five years previously at only 551; in 1810, it 
 was less than 5,000; the country was possessed mainly by the 
 Indians, and the few French in the State were neither enterprising 
 nor prosperous. IS^o road pierced the forests of the interior; no 
 manufactories existed; agriculture yielded nothing for market, and 
 navigation had scarcely iDegun to plow our rivers and lakes. In 
 general commerce the fur trade was almost the only element. 
 
 The petition tor a bank charter was presented, not by citizens of 
 Detroit, but by capitalists of Boston, Kussell Sturges and others, 
 who were engaged in the fur trade. This petition was granted Sept. 
 15, 1806, incorporating the "Bank of Detroit," with a capital of 
 $400,000. The great distance of this locality from New England 
 gave those capitalists the advantage of circulating inland bills of 
 credit against their Western banks for a long time before their 
 redemption. Judge Woodward, one of the judges who granted the 
 act of incorporation, was appointed its president, and the bank went 
 into immediate operation; but imputations unfavorable to Judge 
 Woodward in regard to this and other matters led to a Congres- 
 sional investigation of the act incorporating the bank, and the act 
 was disapproved by that body. The bank, however, continued to do 
 business; but in September, 1808, the Governor and judges, in the 
 absence of Woodward, passed an act making it punishable as a crime 
 to carry on aii unauthorized banking business, and this put an end 
 to the brief existence of the institution. Its bills were quietly with- 
 drawn from circulation the following year. 
 
 The next bank established in the Territory was the " Bank of 
 Michigan," incorporated by the Board of Governor and Judges, 
 Dec. 19, 1817, with a capital of $100,000. The validity of this act 
 was full}' established by the courts in 1830. By the terms of its 
 charter, the corporation was to expire on the tirst Monday in June, 
 1839; but the Legislative Council, Feb. 25, 1831, extended its life 
 twenty-five years longer, and subsequently it was allowed to increase 
 its capital stock and establish a branch at Bronson, now Kalamazoo. 
 
 The two above named are all the banks which derived their cor- 
 porate existence from the Governor and judges. 
 
 The first bank charter granted by the " Legislative Council " was 
 to the Merchants' and Mechanics' Bank of Michigan," approved 
 April 2, 1827. The bank was to be established at Detroit, with a 
 capital of $200,000, with liberty to increase it to $500,000. This 
 corporation was also made an insurance company; but it does not 
 appear a company was ever organized under this charter. March 
 29, 1827, the " Bank of Monroe " was incorporated, its capital stock 
 to be $100,000 to $500,000, and to continue in existence 20 years. 
 The " Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Michigan " was chartered 
 Nov. 5, 1829, and March 7,1834, it was allowed to increase its 
 capital stock, and establish a branch at St. Joseph. The " Bank of 
 Eiver Kaisin " was chartered June 29, 1832, and allowed to have a 
 branch at Pontiac. The " Bank of Wisconsin " was chartered Jan. 
 23, 1835, and was to be located in the Green Bay country, but on 
 
HISTORY OF MICniGAN. 105 
 
 the organization of the State of Michigan it was thrown outside of 
 its jurisdiction. 
 
 March 26, 1835, there were incorporated four banks, namely: 
 " Michigan State Bank" at Detroit, " Bank of Washtenaw" at Ann 
 Arbor, " Bank of Pontiac," and the " Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad 
 Bank" at Adrian. The "Bank of Pontiac" was also a railroad 
 bank, its establishment being an amendment to the charter of the 
 " Detroit and Pontiac Railroad Company." 
 
 The nine banks last above named are all that were created by the 
 "Legislative Council." 
 
 Next, the State Legislature in 1836 chartered the Bank of Man- 
 hattan, Calhoun County Bank, Bank of St. Clair, Bank of Clinton, 
 Bank of Ypsilanti, Bank of Macomb, Bank of Tecumseh and Bank 
 of Constantine. The same Legislature passed "an act to create a 
 fund for the benefit of the creditors of certain moneyed corpora- 
 tions," which was in fact the famous safety-fund system of the State 
 of New York. It required each bank to deposit with the State 
 Treasurer, at the beginning of each year, a sum equal to one-half of 
 one per cent, on the capital stock paid in; and the fund so created 
 was to be held and used for the benefit of the creditors whenever 
 any bank subject to its provisions should become insolvent; but this 
 statute was destined to have but little practical effect. The system 
 in New York proved inadequate for the security of the public 
 interests, and it was practically abandoned here. 
 
 Bj this time, the financial affairs of the whole country had 
 become sadly deranged, consequent upon a wild and reckless spirit 
 of speculation. The currency became greatly inflated, fabulous 
 prices given to property, and the masses of the people subjected to 
 the cruel mercies of shrewd financiers. The session of 1837 was 
 flooded with petitions for the creation of banks, and the Legislature 
 met the emergency by adopting a system of free banking, under 
 which were organized a great number of those institutions since 
 known as " wild-cat banks." The statute authorized any 12 free- 
 holders of any county who desired to do banking, to apply to the 
 treasurer and clerk of the county for that purpose, and books were 
 to be opened for subscriptions to the capital stock, $50,000 to $300,- 
 000. Ten per cent, on each share was required to be paid in specie 
 at the time of subscribing, and 30 per cent, of the entire capital 
 stock in like funds before the association should commence opera- 
 tions. The president and directors were also required to furnish 
 securities for the payment of all- debts and redemption of all notes 
 issued by the association. 
 
 This new law was popularly received with great enthusiasm. 
 On its final passage in the House, only four members were bold 
 enough to vote against it, namely; Almy, of Kent; Monfore, of 
 Macomb; Purdy, of Washtenaw, and Feleh of Monroe. This 
 Legislature closed its session March 22, 1837, by adjournment to 
 Nov. 9, following; but the financial embarrassments of the country 
 increased so rapidly that the Governor called an extra session of 
 
106 HISTOET OF MIOHIGA.N. 
 
 the Legislature for June 12, and in his message he attributed these 
 embarrassments, in a great measure, to the error of over-banking, 
 over-trading, and a want of providence and economy. The banks 
 east and south had already suspended specie payments, and Mich- 
 igan was of necessity drawn into the vortex. The report, to this 
 Legislature, by a special commissioner appointed by the Grovernor, 
 held forth, however, that the banks of Michigan were solvent, but 
 tliat a little time may be granted them as a defense against the 
 results of suspensions in New York and elsewhere. The number 
 of banks doing business in this State at that time was 13 in num- 
 ber, previously mentioned. The Legislature granted them time 
 until May 16, 1838. The session of the winter following under- 
 took to secure the public by appointing three bank commissioners 
 to visit all the banks in the State at least once in every three 
 months, to examine the specie held by them, inspect their books, 
 and inform themselves generally of their affairs and transactions; 
 monthly statements of the condition of the banks were required to 
 be made and published, and no bills were to be issued without 
 bearing the endorsement of a bank commissioner, etc. Under the 
 general banking law, as already stated, every subscriber to the stock 
 was to pay in 10 per cent, in specie on each share at the time of 
 subscribing, and 10 every six months thereafter, and 30 per cent, 
 of the whole capital stock was required to be paid in like manner 
 before the bank should commence operations. The specie thus 
 paid in was to be the capital of the bank and the basis of its busi- 
 ness operations. The requirement of it involved the principle 
 that banking could not be carried on without hona-fide capital, and 
 without it no bank could be permitted to flood the country' with its 
 bills; but the investigations of the commissioners showed a very 
 general violation of the law in this respect. In many cases, instead 
 of specie, a kind of paper denominated " specie certificates " was 
 used; in some cases, specie borrowed for the occasion was used and 
 immediately returned to the owner; sometimes, even, a nail-keg 
 filled with old iron, or gravel, or sand and covered over the top 
 with specie, was employed to deceive the commissioners; and 
 sometimes the notes of individual subscribers or others, usually 
 denominated " stock notes," were received and counted as specie. 
 The books of the banks were also kept in so imperfect a manner, 
 sometimes through incompetency, sometimes with fraudulent de- 
 sign, as frequently to give little indication of the transactions of 
 the bank or of the true condition of its affairs. By proprietorship of 
 several banks in one company of men, by frequent sale and trans- 
 fer of the stock, and by many other tricks and turns, a little specie 
 was made to go a great way in flooding the country with worthless 
 paper. 
 
 It is manifest that this conditon of things could not have existed 
 without a fearful amount of fraud and perjury. In the excitement 
 and recklessness of the times, amid mined fortunes and blighted 
 hopes, the moral sense had become callous. The general banking 
 
HISTOBT OF MICHIGAN. 107 
 
 law was not without some good features, but it came into existence 
 at a most unfortunate time, and the keenness and unscrupulous- 
 ness of desperate men, taking advantage of its weak points and 
 corruptly violating its salutary provisions, used it to the public 
 injury. 
 
 Under this law about 40 banks went into operation, many of 
 them in. remote and obscure places, and before the commissioners 
 could perfect their work of reform the crisis came and the catas- 
 trophe could not be averted. Failure rapidly succeeded failure, 
 and legitimately chartered banks were drawn into the same vortex 
 with the "wild-cat" institutions. Only seven banks escaped the 
 whirlpool, and the worthless paper afloat represented more than a 
 million dollars. As ex-Grov. Alpheus Felch well says: 
 
 "Thus ends the history of that memorable financial epoch. 
 Forty years have passed since these events, and few remain who can 
 remember the excitement and distrust, the fear and despondency, 
 the hopes and disappointments which agitated the community, 
 in those days of inflation and speculation, of bankruptcy and 
 financial distress; and fewer still remain who bore part in the 
 transactions connected with them. We look back upon them to 
 read the lessons which their history teaches. The notion that 
 banks without real capital, or a currency which can never be 
 redeemed, can relieve from debts or insolvency, is tried and 
 exploded. We are led to the true principle, that prosperity, both 
 public and individual, awaits upon industry and economy, judicious 
 enterprise and honest productive labor, free from wild speculation 
 and unprofitable investments, and a wise and prudent use of our 
 abundant resources." 
 
 In 1875 there were 77 national banks in this State, doing an 
 annual business of about $26,000,000; 15 State banks, with a busi- 
 ness of nearly $4,000,000, and 12 savings banks, with a business of 
 $6,000,000. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 The lower peninsula occupies the central part of a great synclinal 
 basin, toward which the strata dip from all directions, and which 
 are bounded on all sides by anticlinal swells and ridges. The 
 limits of this basin exceed those of the peninsula, extending to 
 London, Out., Madison, Wis., Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie. 
 The whole series of strata may therefore be compared to a nest of 
 dishes, the lower and exterior ones representing the older strata. 
 
 The upper peninsula is divided by the Marquette-Wisconsin 
 anticlinal into two geological areas, the eastern belonging to the 
 great basin above alluded to, and the western being lacustrine in 
 its character, and largely covered by Lake Superior. The southern 
 rim of the latter is seen uplifted along Keweenaw Point and the 
 south shore of the lake, and these strata re-appear at Isle Royale. 
 
;108 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 Between the Michigau and lacustrine basins the metalliferous Mar- 
 quette- Wisconsin axis interposes a separating belt of about 50 
 
 miles. 
 
 The palseozoic great system of this State measures about 2,680 
 feet in thickness, of which the Silurian division is 920 feet, the 
 Devonian 1,040 feet, and the carboniferous 720 feet. 
 
 The coal-bearing group occupies the central portion of the 
 peninsula, extending from Jackson to township 20 north, and from 
 range 8 east to 10 west. 
 
 Of iron, hematite and magnetite, in immense lenticular masses 
 of unsurpassed purity, abound in the Huronian rocks of the upper 
 peninsula. The former of these, under the action of water, 
 becomes soft, and is called Limonite, and is abundant throughout 
 the State as an earthy ore or ochre, bog ore, shot ore, yellow ochre, 
 etc. Sometimes it is deposited in stalactitic. mammiilary, 
 botryoidal and velvety forms of great beauty. Kidney ore abounds 
 in the Huron clays, and " black-band" in the coal measures. 
 
 Of copper, native, in the " trap " of Lake Superior, abounds in 
 the form of sheets, strings and masses. Gold, silver and lead are 
 also found in unimportant quantities in the Lake Superior region. 
 
 Salt abounds in the Saginaw region, gypsum, or " land plaster " 
 in the vicinity of Grand Kapids, building stone throughout the 
 State, manganese in many places, and many other valuable earths, 
 ores and varieties of stone in many places. 
 
 NEWSPAPEES. 
 
 There are about 275 newspapers and periodical publications in 
 Michigan, of all classes. Of these 224 are published weekly, 17 
 daily and weekly, two daily, seven semi-weekly, one tri-weekly, four 
 semi-monthly, 19 monthly, one quarterh', and one yearly; 112 are 
 Republican, 46 Democratic, 73 independent and neutral, 14 relig- 
 ious, and 15 miscellaneous. Among the latter are two Methodist, 
 seven Adventist (two Dutch or ITolIandisch), one Episcopal, one 
 Catholic and one Baptist; four mining, five educational, one 
 Masonic, one Odd-Fellow, one Grange, three medical and one agri- 
 cultural. Five are printed in the German language, six in the 
 Dutch, one in the Swedish and one in the Danish. 
 
 The present population of Michigan, according to the census of 
 1880, is as follows: Male, 862.278; females, 774,057; native born, 
 1,247,989; foreign, 388,346; white, 1,614,087; colored, 22,248; 
 total, 1,636,335. 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 109 
 
 STATE OFFICEES. 
 
 Oom. During French Rule. Ap'd. 
 
 Sieurde Mesey 1663 
 
 Sieur de Courcelles 16d5 
 
 Sieur de Frontenac 1672 
 
 Sieur de LaBarre 1682 
 
 Marquis de Denonville 1685 
 
 Sieur de Frontenac 1689 
 
 Chevalier de Callieres 1699 
 
 Marquis de Vaudreuil 1703 
 
 Marquis de Beauharnois 1726 
 
 Ciimpt de la Galissoniere 1747 
 
 Sieur de la Jonquiere 1749 
 
 Marquis du Quesne de Menneville.1752 
 Sieur de Vaudreuil de Cavagnal 1755 
 
 Govs. During British Rule- 
 
 James Murray 1765 
 
 Paulus E. Irving 1766 
 
 Guy Carleton 1766 
 
 Hector T. Cramahe 1770 
 
 Guy Carleton 1774 
 
 Frederick Haldimand 1778 
 
 Henry Hamilton 1784 
 
 Henry Hope 1785 
 
 Lord Dorchester 1786 
 
 Alured Clarke 1791 
 
 Lord Dorchester 1798 
 
 Ootemors of Michigan Territory. 
 
 WUliam Hull 1805 
 
 Lewis Cass 1818 
 
 George B. Porter 1831 
 
 Stevens T. Mason, ex officio 1834 
 
 John T. Horner, ex officio 1835 
 
 State Governors. 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Stevens T. Mason 1835 
 
 ■William Woodbridge 1840 
 
 J. Wright Gordon, acting 1841 
 
 John S Barry 1842 
 
 Alpheus Felch 1846 
 
 Wm. L. Greenly, acting .1847 
 
 Epaphroditus Ransom 1848 
 
 John S. Barry 1850 
 
 Robert McClelland , 1852 
 
 Andrew Parsons, acting 1853 
 
 Kinsley 8. Bingham 1855 
 
 Moses Wisner 1859 
 
 Austin Blair 1861 
 
 Henry H. Crapo 1865 
 
 Henry P. Baldwin 1869 
 
 John J. Bagley 1873 
 
 Charles M. Croswell 1877 
 
 David H . Jerome 1881 
 
 Lieut.-Oovernors of Michigan. 
 
 Edward Mundy 1835 
 
 J. Wright Gordon 1840 
 
 Origen D. Richardson 1842 
 
 Wm. L. Greenly 1846 
 
 Wm. M.Fenton 1848 
 
 Wm. L. Greenly. . . , 1349 
 
 Calvin Britain .1852 
 
 Andrew Parsons 1853 
 
 George A. Coe ..'. ii855 
 
 Edmund B. Fairfield ]859 
 
 James Biruey igg^ 
 
 Joseph R. Williams, acting 1861 
 
 Henry T. Backus, acting 1862 
 
 Charles S. May 1863 
 
 E. O. Grosvenor 1865 
 
 Dwight May .1867 
 
 Morgan Bates ]869 
 
 Henry H. Holt 1873 
 
 Alonzo Sessions 1877 
 
 Moreau 8. Crosby 188I 
 
 Secretaries of State. 
 
 Kintzing Pritchette 1835 
 
 Randolph Manning 1838 
 
 Thomas Rowland 1840 
 
 Robert P Eldridge 1842 
 
 G. O. Whittemore 1846 
 
 George W. Peck 1848 
 
 George Redfield 1850 
 
 Charles H . Taylor 1850 
 
 William Graves 1853 
 
 John McKinney 1855 
 
 Nelson G. Isbell 1859 
 
 James B. Porter 1861 
 
 O. L. Spaulding 1867 
 
 Daniel Striker 1871 
 
 E. G. D. Holden 1875 
 
 William Jenney 1879 
 
 State Treasurers. 
 
 Henry Howard 1836 
 
 Peter Desnoyers 1839 
 
 Robert Stuart 1840 
 
 George W. Germain 1841 
 
 John J. Adam 1842 
 
 George Redfield 1845 
 
 George B. Cooper 1846 
 
 Barnard C. Whittemore 1850 
 
 Silas M. Holmes 1855 
 
 John McKinney 1859 
 
 John Owen 1861 
 
 E. O. Grosvenor 1867 
 
 Victory P. Collier 1871 
 
 Wm. B. McCreery 1875 
 
 Benj. D. Pritchard 1879 
 
 Attorney s-Oeneral. 
 
 Daniel Le Roy 1836 
 
 Peter Morey 1837 
 
 Zephaniah Piatt 1841 
 
 Elon Parnsworth 1843 
 
 Henry N. Walker 1845 
 
 Edward Mundy 1847 
 
 Geo. V. N. Lothrop 1848 
 
 William Hale 1851 
 
110 
 
 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN, 
 
 Jacob M. Howard 1855 
 
 Charles Upson 1861 
 
 Albert Williams 1863 
 
 Wm. L. Stoughtou 1867 
 
 Dwight May 1869 
 
 Byron D. Ball 1873 
 
 Isaac Marston 1874 
 
 Andrew J. Smith 1875 
 
 OttoKirchner 1877 
 
 Auditors-General. 
 
 Robert Abbott 1836 
 
 Henry Howard 1839 
 
 Eurotas P . Hastings 1840 
 
 Alpheus Felch 1843 
 
 Henry L. Whipple 1842 
 
 Charles G. Hammond 1845 
 
 John J. Adam 1845 
 
 Digby V. Bell 1846 
 
 John J. Adam 1848 
 
 John Swegles, Jr 1851 
 
 Whitney Jones ,1855 
 
 Daniel L. Case 1859 
 
 Langford 6. Berry 1861 
 
 Emil Anneke 1863 
 
 William Humphrey 1867 
 
 Ralph Ely 1875 
 
 W. Irving Latimer 1879 
 
 Supts. Pub. Inst. 
 
 John D. Pierce 1838 
 
 Franklin Sawyer, Jr 1841 
 
 Oliver C. Comstock 1843 
 
 Ira Mayhew 1845 
 
 Francis W. Shearman 1849 
 
 Ira Mayhew 18d5 
 
 John M. Gregory 1859 
 
 Oramel Hosford 1865 
 
 Daniel B. Briggs 1873 
 
 Horace S. Tarbell 1877 
 
 Cornelius A. Gower 1878 
 
 Judges of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Augustus B. Woodward 1805-24 
 
 Frederick Bates 1805-8 
 
 John Griffin 1806-24 
 
 James Witherell 1808-28 
 
 Solomon Sibley 1824-36 
 
 Henry Chipman 1827-32 
 
 Wm. Woodbridge 1828-32 
 
 Ross Wilkins 1832-6 
 
 Wm. A. Fletcher 1836-42 
 
 Epaphroditus Ransom 1836-47 
 
 George Morell 1836-42 
 
 Charles W. Whipple 1843-53 
 
 Alpheus Felch 1842-5 
 
 David Goodwin 1843-6 
 
 Warner Wing 1845-56 
 
 George Miles 1846-50 
 
 Edward Mundy 1848-51 
 
 Sanford M. Green 1848-57 
 
 George Martin 1851-3 
 
 Joseph T. Copeland 1852-7 
 
 Samuel T . Douglas 1853-7 
 
 David Johnson 1853-7 
 
 Abner Pratt 1851-7 
 
 Charles W. Whipple 1852-5 
 
 Nathaniel Bacon 1855-8 
 
 Sandf ord M. Green 1856-8 
 
 E. H. C. Wilson 1856-8 
 
 Benj. F. H. Witherell, Benj. P. 
 
 Graves, Josiah Turner and Ed- 
 win Lawrence, to fill vacancies 
 
 in the latter part of 1857 
 
 George Martin 1858-68 
 
 Randolph Manning 1858-64 
 
 Isaac P. Christiancy 1858-77 
 
 James V. CampbeU 1858 
 
 Thomas M. Cooley 1864 
 
 Benj. F. Graves 1868 
 
 Isaac Marston 1875 
 
 U. 8. Senators. 
 
 John Norvell 1835-41 
 
 Lucius Lyon 1836^0 
 
 Augustus S. Porter .1840-5 
 
 Wm. Woodbridge 1841-7 
 
 Lewis Cass. . . 1845-57 
 
 Thos. H. Fitzgerald 1848-9 
 
 Alpheus Felch 1847-53 
 
 Charles E. Stuart 1853-9 
 
 Zachariah Chandler 1857-77 
 
 Kinsley S. Bingham 1859-61 
 
 Jacob M. Howard 1862-71 
 
 Thomas W. Ferry 1871 
 
 Henry P. Baldwin 1880 
 
 Z. Chandler. 1878-9 
 
 Omar D. Conger 1881 
 
 Representatives in Congress. 
 
 Isaac E. Crary 1835^1 
 
 Jacob M. Howard 1841-3 
 
 Lucius Lyon 1843-5 
 
 Robert McClelland 1843-9 
 
 James B. Hunt 1843-7 
 
 John S. Chipman 1845-7 
 
 Charles E. Stuart 1847-9 
 
 Kinsley S. Bingham 1849-51 
 
 Alex. W. Buel 1849 51 
 
 William Sprague 1849-50 
 
 Charles E. Stuart 1851-3 
 
 James L . Conger 1851-3 
 
 Ebenezer J. Penniman 1851-3 
 
 Samuel Clark 1853-5 
 
 David A. Noble 1853-5 
 
 Hester L. Stevens 1853-5 
 
 David Stuart 1853-5 
 
 George W. Peck 1855-7 
 
 Wm. A. Howard 1855-61 
 
 Henry Waldron 1855-61 
 
 David S. Walbridge 1855-9 
 
 D. C. Leach 1857-61 
 
 Francis W. KeUogg 1859-65 
 
 B. F. Granger 1861-3 
 
 F. C- Beaman 1861-71 
 
 R. E. Trowbridge 1861-8 
 
 Charles Upson 1863-9 
 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. Ill 
 
 John W. Longvear 1863-7 Josiah W. Begole 1873-5 
 
 JohnP. Driggs 1863-9 Nathan B. Bradley 1873-7 
 
 R. E. Trowbridge 1865-9 Jay A. Hubbell 1873 
 
 Thomas W. FeiTy 1869-71 W. B. Williams 1875-7 
 
 Austin Blair 1867-73 Alpheus S.Williams 1875-9 
 
 Wm. L. Stoughton 1869-73 Mark S. Brewer 1877 
 
 Omar D. Conger 1869-81 Charles C. Ellsworth 1877-9 
 
 Randolph Strickland 1869-71 Edwin W. Keightley 1877-9 
 
 Henry Waldron 1871-5 Jonas H. McGowan 1877 
 
 Wilder D. Foster 1871-3 John W. Stone 1877 
 
 Jabez G. Sutherland 1871-3 Edwin Willits 1877 
 
 Moses W. Field 1873-5 Roswell G. Horr 1879 
 
 George Willard 1875-7 John S. Newberry 1879 
 
 Julius C. Burrows 1873-5, 1879 
 
 The State printing is done by contract, the contractors for the 
 last 13 years being W. S. George & Co. (Geo. Jerome), the former 
 the active partner, who also publishes and edits the Lansing Re- 
 jpuhlican, a paper noted for originality, condensation and careful 
 " make-up." 
 
 TOPOGEAPHT. 
 
 Michigan is a little southeast of the center of the continent of 
 North America, and with reference to all the resources of wealth 
 and civilization is most favorably situated. It is embraced between 
 the parallels of 41°.692 and iT^.iTS north latitude, and the merid- 
 ians of 82°.407 and 90°.536 west of Greenwich. The upper 
 peninsula has its greatest extent east and west, and the lower, north 
 and south. The extreme length of the upper peninsula is 318 
 miles, and its extreme breadth, 164|- miles; its area, 22,580 square 
 miles. The length of the lower peninsula is 277 miles, its width, 
 259 miles, and its area, 33,871 square miles. The upper peninsula 
 is rugged and rocky, affording scarcely anything but minerals as a 
 source of wealth; the lower is level, covered with forests of valuable 
 timber, and is excellent for all the products of Northern States. 
 
 The total length of the lake shore is 1,620 miles, and there are 
 over 5,000 smaller lakes in the States, having a total area of 1,114 
 square miles. 
 
 A EETEOSPECT. 
 
 And now, how natural to turn our eyes and thoughts back to the 
 log-cabin days of less than 50 years ago, and contrast it with the 
 elegant mansion of modern times. Before us stands the old log 
 cabin. Let us enter. Instinctively the head is uncovered in token 
 of reverence to this relic of ancestral beginnings and early struggles. 
 To the left is the deep, wide fire-place, in whose commodious space 
 a group of children may sit by the fire and up through the chimney 
 may count the stars, wliile ghostly stories of witches and giants, 
 and still more thrilling stories of Indians and wild beasts, are 
 whisperingly told and shudderingly heard. On the great crane 
 hang the old tea-kettle and the great iron pot. The huge shovel 
 and tongs stand sentinel in either corner, while the great andirons 
 
112 HISTOEY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 patiently wait for the huge back log. Over the fire-place hangs the 
 trusty rifle. On the right side of the fire-place stands the spin- 
 ning-wheel, while in the further end of the room the loom looms 
 up with a dignity peculiarly its own. Strings of drying apples and 
 poles of drying pumpkin are overhead. Opposite the door by 
 which you enter stands a huge deal table; by its side the dresser 
 whose " pewter plates" and "shining delf" catch and reflect " the 
 fire-place flame as shields of armies do the sunshine." From the 
 corner of its shelves coyly peep out the relics of former china. In 
 a curtained corner and hid from casual sight we find the mother's 
 bed, and under it the trundle-bed, while near them a ladder indi- 
 cates the loft where the older children sleep. To the left of the fire- 
 place and in the corner opposite the spinning-wheel is the mother's 
 work-stand. Upon it lies the Holy Bible, evidently much used, its 
 family record telling of parents and friends a long way oflT, and 
 telling, too, of children 
 
 Scattered like roses in bloom, 
 
 Some at the bridal, and some at the tomb. 
 
 Her spectacles, as if but jast used, are inserted between the leaves 
 of her Bible, and tell of her purpose to return to its comforts 
 when cares permit and duty is done. A stool, a bench, well notched 
 and whittled and carved, and a few chairs complete the furniture of 
 the room, and all stand on a coarse but well-scoured fioor. Let us 
 for a moment watch the city visitors to this humble cabin. The 
 city bride, innocent but thoughtless, and ignorant of labor and care, 
 asks her city-bred husband, "Pray what savages set this up?" 
 Honestly confessing his ignorance, he replies, '■ I do not know." 
 But see the pair on whom age sits " frosty but kindly." First, as 
 they enter they give a rapid glance about the cabin home, and then 
 a mutual glance of eye to eye. Why do tears start and fill their 
 eyes? Why do lips quiver? There are many who know why, but 
 who that has not learned in the school of experience the full mean- 
 ing of all these symbols of trials and privation, of loneliness and 
 danger, can comprehend the story that they tell to the pioneer? 
 Within this chinked and mud-daubed cabin, we read the first pages 
 of our history, and as we retire through its low doorway, and note 
 the heavy battened door, its wooden hinges, and its welcoming 
 latch-string, is it strange that the scenes without should seem to be 
 but a dream? But the cabin and the palace, standing side by side 
 in vivid contrast, tell the story of this people's progress. They are 
 a history and prophecy in one. 
 
COURT HOUSE 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 IN THE BEGINNING. 
 
 Three-fourths ot a century has passed away since the Territory 
 of Michigan was organized. At that time that portion which now 
 constitutes the county of Washtenaw, one of the fairest and best 
 in the State or nation, was an unbroken wilderness, inhabited only 
 by the wily savage, who roamed at will over the beautiful plains 
 and tlirough the heavy forests, fishing in the waters of the Huron, 
 Raisin or Saline rivers, or hunting the game that everywhere 
 abounded, seemingly caring nothing for the morrow, and only liv- 
 ing in the ever present. The thought of the " pale faces " pene- 
 trating this beautiful country and demanding it, in the name of 
 civilization, or of might, which it'is asserted by some, makes right, 
 had probably never entered their mind. A short time only was to 
 elapse before the inexorable demands of the whites must be met. 
 The original inhabitants of the land must again proceed toward 
 the setting sun. All nature must be changed. The fair plains, 
 with their beautiful flowers, painted only by the hand of God, 
 must be broken up by the husbandman, and grain fit for the use of 
 civilized man sown therein; forests were to be felled and clearings 
 made that the art of man could be exercised in the building and 
 adornment of homes. Thus it was in 1823, when John Bryan, 
 Daniel Cross and Benjamin Woodruff settled in the neighborhood 
 of the present flourishing city of Tpsilanti. The soil was unvexed 
 by the plow, and the woodman's ax had scarcely been heard. The 
 cabin of the settler, with its smoke curling heavenward, and with 
 an air inviting the weary traveler to come and rest, was not to be 
 seen, nor even the faintest trace of civilization ; but instead, bound- 
 less emerald seas and luxuriant groves. 
 
 These the gardens of the deserts — these 
 
 The unshorn fields, boundless and beautiful, 
 
 And fresh as the young earth, ere man had sinned. 
 
 Lo ! they stretch 
 In airy undulations far away 
 As if the ocean in the gentlest swell 
 Stood still, with aU his rounded billows fixed, 
 And motionless forever. 
 8 (115) 
 
116 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The openings and prairies were decked with beautiful flowers, of 
 which it may truly be said that " Solomon in all his glory was not 
 arrayed like one of these." The pleasant groves, unobstructed by 
 undergrowth through which might be seen the fleet-footed deer, the 
 cunning fox and other wild animals, who as yet had not been taught 
 to fear man ; the waters of the beautiful Huron, clear as crystal, wind- 
 ing in and out, now being kissed by the sun as its sparkling rays were 
 sent down, now hid by the heavy forest; the beautiful lakes, nest- 
 ling among the hills, — all these made a picture worthy the hand of 
 the most noted artist, and caused the men that have been named, as 
 well as all others who for several years from time to time visited this 
 favored spot, to behold and wonder. Truly the name of Washte- 
 naw — grand, beautiful — was worthily bestowed upon the county. 
 
 FIRST WHITE MEN IN WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 History neither records nor does tradition speak of this section 
 of country being visited by white men until the time of the early 
 French explorers, — Father Segard, in 1632; Father Marquette, in 
 1673; and Robert de La Salle, in 1679. The latter circumnavi- 
 gated the lower peninsula of Michigan, and, in prospecting along 
 its borders, may have wended his adventurous way through old 
 Washtenaw. After the settlement of Detroit in 1701, by a French 
 colony, the speculative fur-traders who trafficked with the Indians, 
 and the Jesuit missionaries, who had a zealous regard for the spirit- 
 ual welfare of the aborigines, whom they endeavored to convert to 
 Christianity, often tracked over the hills and vales of this county. 
 In 1805 the Territory of Michigan was formed, and four years later 
 the first successful settlement was eff'ected in Washtenaw county, 
 at the present city of Ypsilanti, by the French traders, Godfrey, 
 Pepin and Le Shambre. At this time the entire population of the 
 Territory was less than -1,000 souls, and eighty per cent, of these 
 were French. Then came the war of 1812. After the fall of 
 Detroit, General Harrison made an attempt to recover it from the 
 British, or at least to protect the frontier settlements in Monroe 
 county and its contiguity, which included the settled portions of 
 what is now Washtenaw. He sent General Winchester with a 
 force of 1,000 men to this section, and on the 22d of January, 1813, 
 he was attacked by a superior force of British and Indians, under 
 General Proctor, at Frenchtown, on the Eiver Eaisin. General 
 Winchester was made prisoner and his troops surrendered, upon 
 guarantee by the British commander, of protection from the Indians. 
 In utter disregard of these stipulations, Proctor withdrew his white 
 troops to Maiden, when, all restraint being removed, his dusky allies 
 indiscriminately massacred the prisoners. This affair is known in 
 history as the " Battle of the Raisin." After the death of 
 Tecumseh (October 5), at the battle of the Thames, Detroit was 
 recovered, and the Michigan settlements began to breathe freer 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 117 
 
 and have less apprehension of Indian onslaughts. Peace was 
 declared Dec. 21, 1814. 
 
 The first Government surveys of land in the Territory of Michi- 
 gan were made in 1816, and two years later they came into market. 
 From this period dates the permanent settlement of the State. 
 The Indian claim to 6,000,000 acres (including "Washtenaw) was 
 extinguished by a treaty concluded by General Cass, at Saginaw, 
 in September, 1819, and two years later the " Chicago treaty " 
 obliterated the Indian title to all the remaining lands in the State 
 south of the Grand river. Thus the lands were thrown open to 
 settlement, and the next 10 years were an important decade in the 
 history of Washtenaw county. 
 
 The pioneer settlement of Washtenaw, as before stated, was at 
 Tpsilanti, in 1809, when Gabriel Godfrey, a Frenchman, accom- 
 panied by Francis Pepin and Louis Le Shambre, established a trad- 
 ing post. The building erected for this purpose stood upon the 
 west bank of the river. At that time, and previously, the Indians 
 regarded these banks of the Huron with special favor, and at Ypsi- 
 lanti their trails from a wide extent of country intersected. When 
 one knows this country he cannot wonder at the taste of these sons 
 of the forest. It seems to have been neutral ground between the 
 rival tribes. They had a burial place just at the foot of the hill, 
 where they believed they had equipped many a warrior for the con- 
 flicts on his way toward the " happy hunting grounds." There was 
 another near, where tradition has it a human victim was once offered 
 in sacrifice. Large quantities of bones, arrows, stone hatchets and 
 ornaments were dug from the ground in that locality. In the year 
 1811 about 2,500 acres were patented to the foregoing-named trad- 
 ers, under the seal of President Madison, according to an act of 
 Congress applying to such cases. This tract is marked upon the 
 old maps as French claims. At first this post was profitable in a 
 bartering business with the Indians, but after the treaties already 
 alluded to, the Indians were removed so far to the westward that 
 trade and barter grew less and less, until about 1820 it was given up, 
 though the original traders remained most of the time. The place 
 was then known as "Godfrey's, on the Pottawatomie trail." 
 
 The next settlement was in the spring of 1823. Benjamin 
 Woodruff, Eobert M. Stitts, John Thayer, and David Beverly set- 
 tled about one mile southeast of the present city of Ypsilanti. This 
 settlement took the name of " Woodrufl^s Grove," and became a 
 noted point in the early history of this county. Benjamin Wood- 
 ruff, without doubt, was the first white man to effect a permanent 
 settlement in the county, though his claim is disputed by Eldridge 
 Gee, who made, in 1875, the following statement to John Geddes, 
 which statement was published in the county papers at the time: 
 "I first visited Washtenaw county in 1822, in the month of June, 
 in company with Epaphras Matteson (my father-in-law), Joseph 
 Young and Siles Downer. We started from Mrs. Downer's house on 
 the Rouge. The first night we put up in the French trading house. 
 
118 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 We took the river trail and went to where Mill creek runs into the 
 Huron river. We then came back to where Ann Arbor city now 
 is, and from there to Saline, and from thence back to the French 
 trading house, and from thence to Mrs. Downer's. There were no 
 white persons then residing in Washtenaw. The trading house 
 had 00 occupants. In February, 1823, I moved to Washtenaw 
 county. I hired three men on the Rouge to help me through. We 
 camped out three nights. On the fourth day I got to where I 
 thought I would stop. It was on the east half of the northeast 
 quarter of section 33, township 2 south, 7east. I first built ashanty 
 of some boards I brought along, and in about six weeks built a 
 house. It was on the 14th of February when I got to where I 
 built." 
 
 This statement of Mr. Gee's seems incredible from the fact that 
 none of the early settlers remember the man being there until the 
 spring and summer of 1824. At that day any living within ten 
 miles were considered neighbors, and Mr. Gee could hardly have 
 been so near Woodruff's Grove in the summer and fall of 1823 and 
 it not be known. He was never present at any house-raising at a 
 time when it was difficult to obtain men enough to raise the heavy 
 logs to their places. Again, Mr. Woodruff's claim was well known 
 and never disputed for more than fifty years that he was the first 
 settler. 
 
 The founding of a city did not seem to have been thought of by 
 the original settlers; they simply located where experience taught 
 them to expect good fortune. 
 
 Jason and Daniel Cross, with their families, were the next set- 
 tlers after those already mentioned. They arrived in the summer 
 of 1823. The first settlers mostly came up the river by the nse of 
 a flat-bottom boat propelled by poles. Soon after the settlement 
 at Woodruff's, two families by the name of Hall settled upon the 
 west side of the river, about opposite the grove, who called them- 
 selves " the Kings of the Kiver." In the autumn of 1823, John 
 Bryan and family came in from Geneseo, New York, with the first 
 ox-team which ever came through direct from Detroit. 
 
 The settlement at Ann Arbor was in 1824, John Allen and 
 Elisha Walter Eumsey being the first, arriving there in February, 
 1824. They were followed soon after by Asa L. Smith and others. 
 
 These settlements named were the first in Washtenaw county, 
 and the parties named were the pioneers who paved the way for its 
 future greatness. Many of the first settlers found the struggle too 
 severe, sold their improvements and moved elsewhere; but much 
 the larger portion, some in middle life and many in old age, have 
 been gathered to their fathers and are not. A few remain, with 
 silvered locks and palsied frame, waiting for the summons to 
 " come up higher." 
 
 These feeble beginnings were strengthened by many new-comers 
 from the East, so that, by 1830, many new openings had been 
 made, while the older colonies had grown materially, and Wash- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 119 
 
 tenaw county had taken a long stride toward the greatness which 
 awaited it in the future. 
 
 WASHTENAW- — ITS MEANING. 
 
 Much interest has been manifested of late years, especially since 
 the organization of the Pioneer Society, as to the meaning ot 
 Washtenaw. When the first settlers of the county came in they 
 were told, and confidently believed, it meant ''no white people." 
 To these early settlers this meaning seemed very probable. The 
 red men, fleeing from intruders of a different complexion, and find- 
 ing not far away an upland region where deer were found in herds, 
 where the beaver were abundant, and where the rivers and lakes 
 were full of fish, would naturally give to that region some expres- 
 sion of their deliverance and satisfaction — ''No white people." 
 But this definition of the term is not generally accepted. In 1874 
 J. J. Parshall, of Ann Arbor, addressed a letter to John Todd, of 
 Owosso, and received from K. Y. Williams, of that place, the fol- 
 lowing reply; 
 
 Owosso, July 24, 1874. 
 ./. /. Parshall, Esq., Ann Arbor. 
 
 Deae Sm: — Major John Todd handed me your favor to him yesterday, witha 
 request that I should answer it, as his advanced age renders it very difficult for 
 him to ■write, and also because I more perfectly understand and speak the Indian 
 tongue, — or rather the Chippewa language. I therefore give you the information 
 sought. The word "Washtenaw" is Anglicized from the Indian word Wuste- 
 nong, or Wushte-nonq, meaning, literally, the Further District or Land Beyond, — 
 Further Country, — Wushte, further, beyond, further on, and nong, country, dis- 
 trict, place of. The word used in connection with the subject spoken of conveys 
 somewhat different meanings. 
 
 How the name came to be applied to the territory comprising Washtenaw county 
 I am unable to say, although I spoke the Indian language nearly as well as a native 
 before the land was surveyed by the Government. It was never so known or called 
 by the Chippewas (or Ojibwas, as Schoolcraft has it). Washtenong was the country 
 or district of territory watered by the Grand river, — what was known as the 
 Washtenong Seebe, or Sepea. I remain 
 
 BespectfuUy yom'S, 
 
 E. V. Williams. 
 
 In 1877 William M. Gregory, of Saline, wrote to Louis Gene- 
 reau, on the same subject. The following is Mr. Genereau's 
 answer: 
 
 Elbridge, Oceana Co., Michigan. ) 
 May 28, 1877. j" 
 
 ■Sip.:— I have the pleasure to answer your letter dated ]\lay 18th. You must 
 excuse me for not answering your note before. I was absent. You wish to know of 
 me what is the meaning of;the word "Washtenaw." Well, sir, I have had chance 
 to learn and interpret all these words. Well, sir, that word means a large stream or 
 a large river. This was the name of an Indian who lived near the mouth and had 
 a village, and that was his hunting and fishing ground. Did not allow any one to 
 hunt except his relatives and friends. The Indians used to go back and forth and 
 stop with Washtenaw, and by and by they called the river by his name, ' ' Washtenaw 
 sebey." This was a good many years before the war of 1812. I have an old 
 Indian in my care and he is over one hundred years old, and he was acquainted 
 with Washtenaw. This is all at present. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 Louis Genekeau. 
 
120 HISTOET OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 
 
 Lippincott's Gazetteer, edition of 1855, states that Grand river, 
 Michigan, was called by the Indians Washtenong river. A copy 
 of Genereau's letter was sent to Eev. S. G. "Wright, who had been 
 a teacher among the Ojibway Indians, and the following reply was 
 received : 
 
 Lbbcii Lake, Minnesota, June 18, 1877. 
 
 Deab Sir: — Yours of the 9th inst. is just received. I have no doubt now but I 
 have the full sense of the word Washtenaw. The name came, no doubt, in tliis 
 way: An Indian of the Pottawatomie tribe, who may have resided in early times 
 as far east as Pittsburg, had a son whom he named "Washington," from the great 
 general whom he may have seen or heard of. As white settlements advanced that 
 tribe was pushed westward and settled in Michigan and the west of that State. 
 This boy, now a man, settled on this river and called it after his name, or which 
 may be more likely, it was so called by others, as that is common in the Indian 
 country. Now the terminations, ong, aug, etc, always signify the place of a thing, 
 etc., and so the place of living, or residence of this man, was called Washtenaug, 
 Washtenong, etc. The river Washtenaw sebey and the place would come to have 
 the same name that Washington now has among these Indians, namely, Washten- 
 ong, or the place of Washington. I am glad to have got these facts myself and 
 you are welcome to what light I may have added to your stock of knowledge of 
 the question. I remain. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 S. G. Weight. 
 
 It will be seen from the foregoing letters that a difference of 
 opinion exists among those familiar with the Indian tongue. The 
 most probable derivation of the ter.'G is that mentioned by Mr. 
 "Wright, and associating the Indian idea of "Washington, the Father 
 of his country, it may readily be assumed the meaning of the term 
 is Grand. 
 
 EIVKES OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 There are four rivers and innumerable small streams coursing 
 through "Washtenaw county. Of these the largest and most im- 
 portant is the Huron river, which has its rise in Livingston county 
 and first enters this county on sectimi 6, township 1 south, of range 
 5 east and passes into section 1, townsliip 1 south, of range 4 east, 
 thence through sections 12, 13, 24 and 25, same town and range, 
 thence through sections 30, 31 and 32, township 1 south, range 5 
 east, thence through sections 5, 4, 9, 10, 3, 2, 11, 12, 13, township 
 2 south, range 5 east, thence through sections Y, 17, 16, 21, 28, 27, 
 26, 35, 36, township 2 south, range 6 east, thence through section 
 31, township 2 soutli, range 7 east, thence through sections 5,4, 9, 
 16. 15, 22, 23, 24, township 3 south, range 7 east, into "Wayne 
 county, emptying into Lake Erie a few miles below the mouth of 
 the Detroit river. The Indians called this river the Gos-SGut-e- 
 nong sehee, or Burnt District river; meaning the plains, or oak 
 openings, lands or country. Its tributaries are few for the latter 
 part of its course, though for the first half they are many; each of 
 which, with the main stream, furnish more or less mill privileges 
 and which are improved for various manufacturing purposes. The' 
 Huron is a beautiful, transparent stream, passing alternately 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 121 
 
 through rich bottoms, openings, plains, and sloping woodlands, 
 covered with heavy timber. Its length, by its meanderings, is 
 about ninety miles. 
 
 Raisin river heads in Wheatland township, Plillsdale county, and 
 empties into Lake Erie, two and a half miles below Monroe, after 
 passing, in an extremely winding course, through Jackson, Wash- 
 tenaw, Lenawee and Monroe counties. It is the most serpentine 
 stream of the peninsula. Its course is first northeasterly, then 
 south, then northeasterly, then southeasterly. In a direct line from 
 its head to its mouth, it is sixty miles: but by its meandering, it 
 is not less than one hundred and thirty miles. It is one of the 
 most important streams in the State, affording as much hydraulic 
 power as any other, having high and beautiful banks and an ex- 
 tremely rapid current; the bottom, being a limestone rock, which 
 produces a good quality of building material, is extensively quar- 
 ried for that purpose. Its name is derived from the dense cluster 
 of grapes which at an early day lined both banks. It passes through 
 the towns of Sharon, Manchester and Bridgewater, in this county. 
 
 Saline river rises near the center of Washtenaw county, in the 
 township of Lodi, and empties into the River Raisin, in Monroe 
 county. Its course is southeasterly, and its length, in a direct line, 
 • twenty miles. 
 
 Grand river (Indian name Washtenong) is the largest stream lying 
 wholly within the State of Michigan. Its course from its head 
 branches to its mouth is very serpentine. At its source are two 
 tributaries; the East and South branches. The former takes its 
 rise on the western confines of Sharon township, in Washtenaw 
 county, and the South branch on the northern borders of Wheat- 
 land township, in Hillsdale county. They both unite in Jackson 
 county, a little above the city of Jackson. The river then pursues 
 a northerly course to the northern boundary of the county, then 
 westerly for a distance of about eight miles, when it returns to a 
 northerly route, following the boundary line dividing Ingham and 
 Eaton counties; then taking a northwesterly course, crossing the 
 northeast corner of Eaton and southwest corner of Clinton, passing 
 over the eastern part of Ionia; it then strikes a westerly course, 
 passing through Kent, Ionia and Ottawa counties, and enters Lake 
 Michigan fifteen miles south of the mouth of the Muskegon river, 
 245 miles southwesterly of the strait of Michilimackinac, and 75 
 miles north of the St. Joseph river. It is 270 miles long, including 
 its windings, and, at its mouth, between 50 and 60 rods wide, and 
 of sufficient depth to admit vessels drawing 12 feet water. It is 
 navigable 240 miles for batteaux, and receives in its course as its 
 principal tributaries, the Rouge, Flat, Maple, Looking-glass and 
 Red Cedar rivers on the northern side, and the Thorn Apple on the 
 southern. It is navigable for steamers 40 miles, to the Grand rapids, 
 below which it has not less than four feet of water. At the rapids 
 a steamboat canal is constructing; and, after it is completed, steam- 
 boats may go up to the village of Lyons, at the mouth of the Maple, 
 
122 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 a distance of 50 miles, without difficult}'. The river is subject to 
 freshets, and the intervals, in some places, to inundations, though 
 the high banks generally afford them sufficient protection. At the 
 mouth it is never known to rise more than a foot, but at the rapids 
 it sometimes rises to the height of 15 feet. The country along the 
 river for 20 miles from its mouth is generally level, in some in- 
 stances swampy, with lofty forests of various kinds of timber, and 
 bearing an almost impenetrable thicket of undergrowth. Proceed- 
 ing upward, whether deviating to the sources of its numerous 
 tributaries or following the main channel, almost every variety of 
 soil and timber is to be met with ; sometimes the fertile prairie or 
 opening, and again the alluvial bottom, and groves of timber. The 
 region of country irrigated by the Grand river and its branches is 
 not less than seven thousand square miles, and includes some of the 
 richest and most valuable lands in the State. 
 
 AEEA AND POSITION OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Washtenaw county is bounded on the east by Wayne, on the 
 west by Jackson, on the north by Livingston and Oakland and on 
 the south by Lenawee and Monroe counties. It comprises 20 con- 
 gressional townships, a total of 720 square miles, or 460,800 acres ■ 
 of land. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 ORGANIZATION AND POLITICAL DIVISION. 
 OEGANIZATION OF THE COTTNTY. 
 
 Tlio Legislative Council, in 1822, passed an act defining the 
 boundaries of Washtenaw county. On its passage, Lewis Cass, Gov- 
 ernor of the Territory, issued the following proclamation: 
 
 A PEOOLAMATION. 
 
 To all whom these presents shall come, greeting: 
 
 I have thought it expedient to lay out the following county, that is to say: All 
 the county included within the following boundaries; beginning on the principal me- 
 ridian, where the line between the townships numbered two and three, north of the 
 base line, intersect the same; thence south to the line between the townships num- 
 bered four and five, south of the base line; thence east to the line between the seventh 
 and eighth ranges, east of the principal meridian; thence north to the base line; 
 thence west with the base line, to the line between the sixth and seventh ranges, 
 east of the principal meridian; thence north, to the line between the townships num- 
 bered two and three, north of the base line; thence west to the place of beginning; 
 shall form a county to be called the county of Washtenaw. 
 
 It is hereby declared that the county herein "laid out," to wit, the county of 
 Washtenaw, shall be organized whenever, hereafter, the competent authority for the 
 time shall so determine, and that until then the said county shall be attached to and 
 compose a part of the county now organized, in the following manner: 
 
 The county of Washtenaw shall be attached to and compose a part of the county 
 of Wayne. 
 
 In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to be made patent, and the 
 great seal of the said Territory to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand, at 
 Detroit, this tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
 hundred and twenty-two, and of the Independence of the United States, the forty- 
 seventh. 
 
 Lew. Cass. 
 
 At this time there was not a single white person living within 
 the limits of the territory described. As already stated, the first 
 settlement of tlie county was made the year following, but it was 
 not until 1826 there were found to'be a sufficient number of inhabit- 
 ants in the county for the purpose of organization. At a session 
 of the Legislative Council, held in the fall of that year, the follow- 
 ing act was passed : 
 
 Section 1. Ee it enacted by the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan) 
 that the county of Washtenaw shall be organized from and after the taking efEec' 
 of this act, and the inhabitants thereof entitled to all the rights and privileges to 
 which, by law, the inhabitants of other counties of this Territory are entitled. 
 
 Seo . 2. That the county court for the county of Washtenaw shall be held on 
 the third Monday of June and the second Monday of January in each year, 
 
 Sec. 3. That all suits, prosecutions and other matters now pending before the 
 county court of Wayne county, or before any justice of the peace of said county of 
 Wayne, shall be prosecuted to final judgment and execution, and all .taxes hereto- 
 
 (133) 
 
124 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 fore levied and now due shall be collected in the same manner as though the said 
 county of Washtenaw had not been organized. 
 
 Sec. 4. That this act shall take efEeot and be in force from and after the 31st 
 day of December, 1826. 
 
 Approved November 20, 1836. 
 
 Thus it was that the county of Washtenaw was brought into 
 organi zd existence. 
 
 POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF THE COUNTY. 
 
 After organization, the first step taken was to divide the county 
 into townsliips. At a session of the Legislative Council, held in 
 1827, this was accordingly done, three townships being formed — 
 Ypsilanti, Ann Arbor and Dexter, with boundaries as follows: 
 
 All that part of the county included in the surveyed townships 
 one, two, tiiree and four south, in range seven east of the meridian, 
 to be a. township by the name of Ypsilanti. 
 
 All that part of the county included in the surveyed townships 
 one and two, north of the base line, in range six, and townships one, 
 two, three and four in range six, and townships three and four, in 
 range five, south of the base line, to be a township by the name of 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 All that part of the county included in the following surveyed 
 townships: one and two south, in range five, east of the meridian, 
 and townships one and two, in same range, north of the base line, 
 and all the remaining townships north and south of the base line, 
 in ranges one, two, three and four, shall be a township by the name 
 of Dexter. 
 
 These townships were divided up, from time to time, until finally 
 twenty were formed, each congressional township being organized 
 under a separate town government, which government comprises 
 a supervisor, clerk, treasurer, three school inspectors, four justices 
 ot the peace, and four constables. 
 
 The Town of Lyndon comprises township No. 1 south, of 
 range No. 3 east. 
 
 The Toion of Dexter comprises township No. 1 south, of range 
 No. 4 east. 
 
 The Toion of Wehster comprises township No. 1 south, of 
 range No. 5 east. 
 
 The Town of Northfield comprises township No. 1 sonth, of 
 range No. 6 east. 
 
 The Town of Salem comprises township No. 1 south, of range 
 No. 7 east. 
 
 The Town of Sylvan comprises township No. 2 south, of range 
 No. 3 east. 
 
 The Town of Lima comprises township No. 2 south, of range 
 No. 4 east. 
 
 The Town of Solo comprises township No. 2 south, of range 
 No. 5 east. 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 125 
 
 The Town of Ann Arbor comprises township No. 2 south, of 
 ran^e Ko. 6 east. 
 
 The Town of Superior comprises township No. 2 south, of 
 range No. 7 east. 
 
 The Town of Sharon comprises township JSo. 3 south, of range 
 No. 3 east. 
 
 The Town of Freedom comprises township No. 3 south, of 
 ransre No. 4 east. 
 
 The Town of Lodi comprises township No. 3 south, of range 
 No. 5 east. 
 
 The Toion of Plttsfield comprises township No. 3 south, of 
 range No. 6 east. 
 
 The Toion of Yjpsilanth comprises township No. 3 south, of 
 range No. 7 east. 
 
 The Town of Manchester comprises township No. 4 south, of 
 range No. 3 east. 
 
 The Town of Brldgewater comprises township No. 4 south, of 
 range No. 4 east. 
 
 The Toivn of Saline comprises township No. 4 south, of range 
 No. 5 east. 
 
 The Town of YorJc comprises townshipNo. 4 south, of range 
 No. 6 east. 
 
 The Town of Augusta comprises township No. 4 south, of 
 range No. 7 east. 
 
 FIRST KOADS. 
 
 It was not until 1825 that a public highway was surveyed 
 through Washtenaw county. Previous to this time, the early set- 
 tlers followed the Indian trails, or paths, blazed by themselves 
 through the forests. In 1825, Orange Eisdon surveyed the road 
 from Detroit to Chicago, entering Washtenaw county on section 1, 
 in the town of Ypsilanti, taking a southwest course and passing 
 through the towns of Ypsilanti, Pittsfield, Saline and Bridgewater, 
 and passing out of the county from section 33 in the latter town. 
 It will be seen this road left out the village of Ann Arbor, the 
 prospective county seat. 
 
 The second road was that known as 
 
 "In the summer of 1829 the openingof a Territorial road through 
 the counties of Washtenaw, Jackson, and westward to the mouth of 
 the St. Joseph river, was the subject of discussion by the people in 
 the counties named. It was known to the parties that the Federal 
 Government was engaged in making the Chicago road a military 
 road from Detroit to Chicago through the southern tier of counties 
 of the Territory. At that time the road leading west through the 
 next tier of counties north, had its western end at Clement's farm, 
 
 *From the pen of Gen. Edward Clark. 
 
126 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 on section 24, in the township of Lima, in Washtenaw countj, some 
 seven or eight miles west of Ann Arbor. Believing that the 
 land and other indiicements were as good in the second tier of coun- 
 ties as in the first, an effort was made to have opened a competing 
 road and draw a part of the emigrants to Michigan on a new route; 
 at any rate to give them a choice. Mr. Botsford volunteered to go 
 through from Ann Arbor to the Chicago road and post notices and 
 call the attention of the people on the route to the importance of 
 the subject, if notices were written calling a meeting at Ann Arbor. 
 The offer was accepted, the notices were written, and a meeting was 
 held. It was resolved to petition the Legislative Council at its 
 next session, to appoint commissioners and a surveyor to lay out a 
 road. A petition was circulated and signed, it is believed, by every 
 man on the contemplated route. The act was passed, and Orrin 
 White, of Ann Arbor, Seely Neel, of Superior, and Jonathan F. 
 Stratten were appointed commissioners. Mr. Stratten was surveyor 
 as well as commissioner. 
 
 " Early in January, 1830, the commissioners started from ' Shel- 
 don's oil the Chicago road, and run the line of the new road west. 
 When they reached Ann Arbor, a party of eight volunteered to go 
 on with them to Grand river. Henry Kumsey, Samuel Van Fossen, 
 Zenas ISTash, Jr., Wm. Hunt, Edward Clark, Mr. McCarty, Alex. 
 Laverty and J. Bennett were the eight. They had provided them- 
 selves with an active yoke of oxen and a lumber wagon, a tent, 
 blankets, provisions, rifles and axes. The object of the volunteers 
 was to open and mark the road as fast as it was surveyed. The two 
 parties kept together and spent the first night on the floor of Samuel 
 Clement's log house, in Lima. Here we took on all the hay we 
 could, for this was the last settlement. Early the next morning 
 the parties forded Mill creek and pushed forward. The volunteers 
 soon found use for their axes and handspikes in felling trees and 
 rolling them out of the road. The snow was about four inches deep, 
 and the weather was very cold, but good progress was made each 
 day, as the country was sparsely timbered. Each morning after 
 breakfast the teams went forward, and the teamsters would find a 
 camping ground and start a small fire and wait till the parties came 
 up, when the axmen would fell trees and cut them in logs ten or 
 twelve feet long, place skids on the ground and roll three logs on 
 them, then two, then one on top. Care was always taken to build 
 the log heaps so that the wind blew lengthways of the logs. The 
 snow was brushed off the ground and the'tents pitched, the blankets 
 spread, and supper prepared and eaten with a relish. The evenings 
 were spent in smoking, telling stories, and playing pranks upon 
 each other. In this way the time was spent till the parties crossed 
 the Grand river at the site of the city of Jackson. This was as far 
 as the volunteers had proposed to go. They found a body of a log 
 house with a roof on it at this place. A Mr. Blackman, one of the 
 commissioners' party, had 'entered ' some land here and built this 
 house on it and left it in this incomplete condition. There was no 
 
HISTOiSY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 12Y 
 
 ' chinking;,' doorway, nor place for a window. A hole was soon 
 made, and both parties took possession. A rousing fire was soon 
 burning, and the tents and spare blankets were hung up to break 
 off the wind. The parties lay there two nights. The road was 
 brought up to the east bank of the river. It was proposed to give 
 a name to the place. For this purpose, on the second night a 
 ' convention ' was organized and Judge Rumsey, one of the vol- 
 unteers, was unanimously elected president. Here let me say the 
 Judge had served Washtenaw county in the Legislative Coun- 
 cil, and was acquainted with parliamentary rules, and was of 
 a genial and mirthful disposition. Soon after the president 
 had taken the ' chair ' — a seat on a log — a committee of three was 
 appointed to propose a name for the place. As soon as the com- 
 mittee retired, that is, gone to the other side of the log heap, the 
 president; rose with all the dignity he could assume, and spoke in 
 substance as follows: ' Gentlemen of the convention: You have ap- 
 pointed a committee to select a name for this place, and while they 
 are absent permit me to make a few remarks. I am personally 
 acquainted with you all. I know that at home you are gentle- 
 manly in your deportment. You have each of you a nice sense of 
 honor; but I have sometimes observed that when men of good 
 standing at home are among strangers their behavior is strangely 
 at variance with their home conduct. Gentlemen, you represent 
 Ann Arbor, you represent Washtenaw county, and let me beg of 
 you, gentlemen, that on this interesting occasion you will not do 
 anything that shall bring discredit to our village or county. When 
 your committee has proposed the name of this place, and you have 
 adopted it, some one may propose that it be received with cheers. 
 If the cheers are ordered, allow me to request that they Tuay not lye 
 given so loud as to disturb the neighbors.^ As the nearest neigh- 
 bor veas more than thirty miles off the remark ' brought down the 
 house.' The committee returned and reported the name of Jack- 
 sonburg, which was accepted and adopted, and nine as wild cheers 
 were sent up as fifteen men could give. 
 
 " One of the party had a violin, and a dance was next in order. 
 Judge Eumsey and Mr. Commissioner Neel, being the oldest men, 
 opened the ball. It soon became evident that there was strife 
 between the dancers and the fiddler which should get ahead. As 
 the dancers wore stoga boots, the fiddler gradually went ahead, but 
 the race was well contested, much to the amusement of the specta- 
 tors. After taking breath and some refreshments — for this occa- 
 sion had been anticipated and provided for — dancing was resumed 
 and kept up until the small hours of the morning. That morning 
 the volunteers were to part with the commissioners and their 
 party, and return home. After a few hours' rest all were astir, 
 when, upon inspection, it was found that the volunteers had only 
 about three pints of flour left. They dare not call upon the com- 
 missioners for any of their provisions, for they had none to spare. 
 Some water was procured, and the flour was stirred in a frying-pan 
 
128 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and partly baked. The cake was divided into eight parts, and each 
 man took his piece and ate it hot. This is all the food the party 
 had to travel thirty odd miles on, and break a track in the snow. 
 As soon as it was light enough to see, '' good-bye ' was said, and one 
 party started east and the other west. Of the volunteers two were 
 left with the team having the tent, blankets, axes, etc., the other 
 six started out in single file, each taking his turn to head and 
 break track a mile. On reaching the top of the short hills. Van 
 Fossen and Nash left the party, who moved too slow for them. 
 They started off on a trot and were soon out of sight. When the 
 party reached the pond on the west line of Lima, they found the 
 two men sitting on a log nearly asleep, and badly chilled. It took 
 some time and effort to arouse them. They had hurried on, until 
 they wore warmed and fatigued, and sat down to rest. The wind 
 swept across the frozen pond, cold and bleak, and it is probable if 
 the party had not discovered them, that they would have frozen to 
 death. It was long after dark when they were found. The most 
 serious obstacle was the crossing of Mill creek, Lima Center. The 
 water was nearly waist deep, the night was cold. It was between 
 the party and home. There was no going around it. It must be 
 passed, and passed it was, and the pace was increased. Disagree- 
 able as a cold bath is in mid-winter, and unpleasant as it is to have 
 one's clothes frozen on him, no bad effect followed. At Clement's 
 the same stream had to be forded again, but there the water was 
 only knee deep. Some of the party remained at Clement's, and 
 some went on with McCarty to his home. At each place a good 
 warm supper and a night's rest put all right again. The next day 
 all except McCarty reached Ann Arbor in time for dinner. The 
 trip occupied six or eight days. 
 
 " In conclusion it may not be improper to say that in the follow- 
 ing spring the road was used to such an extent, and so many emi- 
 grants moved west of Ann Arbor on it, that the people who had 
 made a home at Jacksonburg concluded that they would celebrate 
 the ith of July in the good old-fashioned style. Gideon Wilcoxson, 
 of Ann Arbor, gave an eloquent oration. About 70 persons sat 
 down to a good dinner. Capt. Alex. Laverty, who had taken up 
 his residence there, commanded the escort. Ann Arbor furnished 
 the orator, marshal of the day, and part of the committee of 
 arrangements, besides about a dozen citizens. The day was 
 all that could be desired, and every one who took part in the cele- 
 bration seemed well pleased." 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 INDIAN INCIDENTS— PIONEER LIFE. 
 
 A history which did not give some of the incidents which con- 
 nect the time when the Indians alone occupied this land and the 
 time when the white race was wholly the possessor, would be 
 incomplete. The incidents that might be given are many, but 
 only a few are here presented. 
 
 At the time of the first settlement, and for some years afterward, 
 there were a number of tribes, and parts of tribes, found in it. 
 Even after they were forced to abandon all claim to make their 
 homes in this favored spot, they would occasionally return, often 
 causing great fear among the pioneer settlers. Among the tribes 
 represented were the Ojibwas, Ottawas, Hurons, and Pottawato- 
 mies, the latter of whom were the most numerous. These Indians 
 were not destitute of religious ideas, but they were much col- 
 ored by their superstitions. The Ottawas believed in Michabou, 
 " the great hare," a mythological personage who formed the earth 
 and developed men from animals. In this superstition the reputed 
 doctrine of Darwin finds confirmative proof as to the orgin of man. 
 They also believe in Mirachibi, god of the waters, and also in 
 Missabize, " the great tiger." The Chippewas, or more properly 
 the Ojibwas, believed in the Kitche Manitou, the Great or Good 
 Spirit, and the Matchi Manitou, the evil spirit. The Medas was a 
 body acting as a kind of priesthood ; but each one had his own Mani- 
 tou revealed to him in dreams. The great mythological personage 
 among the Ojibwas was Menabojou, who aided the Great Spirit 
 in creating the world. 
 
 AN INDIAN LEGEND. 
 
 The following is the tradition of the Ojibwas as to the way in 
 which Menabojou assisted in the creation of the world: Menabojou is 
 represented as being in the world all alone, and, being without 
 companionship, he became very lonesome. Searching for a com- 
 panion, he finally came across a wolf to which he at last became 
 \erj much attached, and which likewise became very much attached 
 to him, and they called each other brother. They were inseparable 
 companions. In one of the lakes near by was the home of Matchi 
 Manitou. While traveling together one day (Menabojou and his 
 brother) Matchi Manitou enticed the wolf, the brother of Menabo- 
 jou, into the lake, and he was drowned. Menabojou became very 
 disconsolate at his sad loss, for he was now all alone in the world 
 again, and he determined to be revenged of Matchi Manitou. Pass- 
 ^ (139)^ 
 
130 HISTORY OF WASHTBNAAV COUNTY. 
 
 ing along the lake one day, in winter, when it was frozen over, the 
 day being sunshiny and warm, he found Matchi Manitou and his 
 chief devils out on the ice sunning themselves. He tried to ap- 
 proach them unobserved so that he could send an arrow in the 
 hated Manitou, but they saw him. They did not know what to 
 think of the strange object — could not tell whether it was an 
 enemy or something harmless. To settle that point Matchi Mani- 
 tou sent one of his devils in the shape of a bear to see what it was. 
 Menabojou, seeing the movement, assumed a position of perfect 
 rigidity and waited his coming. The devil came cautiously to 
 the object of his search, sniffed the air about it and began to scratch 
 it and bite it. When Menabojou was just on the point of crying 
 out with pain, he quit. He tried it again, and when Menabojou 
 thought he must cry out, he quit again, and then returned to 
 Matchi Manitou and told him that it was only a stunip. But he 
 was not entirely satisfied with his report, so he sent out another 
 devil in the shape of a large serpent, with orders to report 
 what the strange object might be. So it came to Menabojou and 
 coiled itself around him with many a fold, and then it began to 
 tighten the folds and squeeze him most fearfully. He was almost 
 ready to cry out with pain when the serpent suddenly relaxed its 
 hold and gave him an opportunity to breathe. Again the folds 
 were drawn so tightly about him that he thought every bone in him 
 would surely be broken, but just when he could stand it no longer 
 the serpent uncoiled itself and returned to Matchi Manitou with 
 the same report that it was only a stump. Satisfied now, they all 
 lay down in the bright sun and went to sleep. When Menabojou 
 saw that his time had come, he crawled up toward them, and when 
 in proper distance, he shot several arrows into the sleeping devils, 
 and then he hastened away to see what they would do when they 
 awoke. When Matchi Manitou awoke and found that a number of 
 his chief devils were dead, he looked around for the strange object 
 and found that it was gone. He then exclaimed: " It was Menabo- 
 jou ! " So Matchi Manitou spewed out a flood of water from his 
 mouth to follow after Menabojou and destroy him. Menabojou, 
 seeing the flood coming, fled to the mountains. The higher he 
 ascended the higher the waters came. He went to the highest peak 
 and the waters followed him there. He then climbed a tree and 
 still the waters did not abate. When he could go no further the 
 waters kept on ascending until they reached his waist and they 
 stood. For three days it was so, and Menabojou was about to give 
 up in despair. On the morning of the third day he saw swimming 
 in the water around him three animals — a beaver, an otter, and 
 a muskrat. He called to them and called them brothers. He 
 said to them, "What shall we do?" and they could not an- 
 swer him. Then he said to them: " I'll tell you what to do: 
 Each of you dive to the bottom and bring up some earth." Then 
 the beaver did so, but the water was so deep that he was drowned 
 before he reached the bottom. Then the otter tried it, and he sue- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 133 
 
 ceeded in reaching the bottom, but before he succeeded in getting 
 any earth, he drowned also. Then the muskrat tried it, and just 
 as he succeeded in getting a very little earth, he likewise drowned. 
 Menabojou succeeded in getting hold of the dead bodies of these 
 animals, and he examined the beaver, but found nothing. He 
 examined the otter with no better results. Almost in despair, he 
 examined the muskrat, and in one paw he found a little earth. 
 This he took and carefully held on his hand to dry in the sun. 
 When it was thoroughly dry he pulverized it between his fingers, 
 and then with a strong spurt of breath, he blew it all around him, 
 and immediately the dry land appeared. And this is the way 
 that Menabojou aided Kitchi Manitou in creating the world. 
 
 INDIAN ANTIQUITIES. 
 
 The first Europeans to visit the wilderness comprising the pres- 
 ent State of Michigan were Frenchmen, — Catholic priests, " voy- 
 agers," and " coureurs de bois." They found the State sparsely 
 inhabited by Indians, mostly having their homes and lodges on the 
 eastern shore of Lake Michigan, in the valley of Grand river, near 
 its mouth, and in the northern woods. The southern part of the 
 State seems to have been a border land — common hunting ground 
 for the Indians of Michigan , and the more powerful tribes on the 
 southern shore of Lake Erie, Northern Ohio and Indiana. The 
 ancestors of the Michigan Indians had formerly resided in the val- 
 ley of the St. Lawrence, and had gradually been driven west by 
 encroaching tribes. The Indians of Michigan were a happy race, 
 so far as happiness is attainable by savages. The rivers, lakes and 
 streams of the country abounded with fish, easily caught. The 
 dark pine forests of the nortli and the oak openings and prairies of 
 the south furnished plenty of game, — black bears, wolves, foxes, 
 prairie chickens and wild turkeys. Otter were not uncommon on 
 the banks of onr own Huron. Deer were very plenty, and men are 
 now living who have hunted them upon the very ground where 
 now an army of 1,500 students assemble in one of the leading 
 universities of the country. Within 40 years as many as half a 
 dozen deer in a wild state have been seen at one time in what are 
 now the streets of Ann Arbor. In the summer season the Indians 
 took advantage of the waters surrounding the State to make dis- 
 tant excursions in canoes for the purpose of hunting and fishing, 
 peace and war. Their light canoes, carried past the rapids of Sault 
 Ste. Marie, were often launched upon Lake Superior, and others, 
 skirting the shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario, and passing the 
 Great Falls, floated down the St. Lawrence as far as Montreal. 
 
 The Indians of Michigan were always faithful to their first white 
 acquaintances, the French, so long as the French had a foothold in 
 Canada or the State. There is a tradition that the Indians of Mich- 
 igan sent a quota of braves to fight the English during the old 
 French war — that they were present with their allies, the French, 
 
 9 
 
134 HISTORY OF WASHTEKAW COUNTY. 
 
 on that terrible night in the dead of winter when they attacked and 
 destroyed the unsuspecting village of Schenectady. 
 
 While the Michigan Indians were always friendly to the French, 
 they were always hostile, when favorable occasion offered, to the 
 English inhabitants of the country. According to tradition Wash- 
 ington had the grim satisfaction, or doubtful glory, of fighting the 
 Michigan Indians on the disastrous day of Braddock's defeat. 
 They took part in the conspiracy of Pontiac and ever remained 
 faithful to that great chief, who, during his siege of Detroit, more 
 than a century ago, issued promissory notes on birch bark, signed 
 with the figure of an otter, which notes were honestly redeemed 
 with honest coin. They were hostile to us during the Revolution. 
 They gave aid to the British in the war of 1812, and allied them- 
 selves with Tecumseh. Many of them prepared to array them- 
 selves against us in the late Black Hawk war. 
 
 There was at least one American whom the Indians of Michigan 
 came at last to fear and respect. That American was Lewis Cass. 
 In the early days of his presence in the Territory of Michigan, they 
 often attempted to kill him, and as their attempts were always with- 
 out success, they came to believe that he held a charmed life. His 
 influence with them was unbounded. It has been said that the 
 loaded rifle aimed at the Indian's naked breast had less influence 
 upon his conduct or his emotions than a word or gesture of Gen. 
 Cass. 
 
 The Indians of Michigan had no idea of property, except so far 
 as movable articles could be reduced to actual personal possession. 
 In their primitive state they had but little better idea of the man- 
 ufacturing arts than the bird which builds its nest or the fox which 
 digs its hole. 'No Michigan Indian ever fashioned a stone battle- 
 ax or clipped a flint arrow-head. He had barely intelligence 
 enough to use these weapons when furnished ready for his hand. 
 Like a great many white men of our day, he had no religion worth 
 speaking of. The common impression that he recognized or wor- 
 shiped a Great Spirit, or any other spirit than the " crooked " 
 kind, is false and absurd. The preposterous supposition must 
 have originated in the fancy of some enthusiastic poet or the imag- 
 ination of some credulous missionary. His language had no words 
 to express spiritual thoughts or spiritual things, or any abstract 
 ideas, or the ideas of humility, worship or prayer. Spirit, as dis- 
 tinguished from the gross and most sensuous matter, was as black 
 to his mind as honesty was to the mind of Bill Tweed, or delicate 
 moral sense to the mind of a Fiji Islander! The patient and 
 devoted Elliot, in translating the Bible into the language of the 
 New England Indians, found no words in their tongue to express 
 the simplest idea of God and spiritual tilings. He only overcame 
 the difficulty by resorting to circumlocutions and irreverent sym- 
 bols which would excite the astonishment of an intelligent Chris- 
 tian of to-day, or by coining words which would drive the brain of 
 the toughest German philologist into a dizzy whirl. However 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 136 
 
 unpleasant it may be in the light of reason and criticism, the 
 " noble red men " of the poet must degenerate into the ignoble red 
 brnte of science, but little removed, in many respects, above the 
 " beasts of the field." He was insensible to the moral emotions. 
 He knew neither terror nor shame. Plis sexual instinct was that 
 of a brute. The divine passion of love, that pure respect and 
 afi^ection for the opposite sex, not based upon low and selfish ideas, 
 was foreign to his nature. The leading motive that influences the 
 brute is hunger. This, coupled with the baser motive of revenge, 
 was the principal motive which influenced the Indian. 
 
 THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 
 
 Although the seat of the Black Hawk war was several hundred 
 miles west, yet it had its influence ou the settlements in this 
 county, not because it ever reached this country, but because of 
 anticipations that it would. It was thought that when the Indians 
 under Black Hawk were brought into action by the troops which 
 were sent against them when they crossed the Mississippi river, if 
 they were, defeated, they would strive to make their way into 
 Canada; and if they did that, they were most likely to follow the 
 trail which ran through the county. This was canse for consider- 
 able excitement and no little amusement at that day among the 
 settlers. But the result of the war showed that these fears were 
 entirely groundless; for, instead of being driven into this region, 
 they were forced into "Wisconsin, and the great Sac and Fox chief 
 captured. 
 
 But this outcome of the war did not prevent the settlers from 
 making necessary preparations for the emergency, should it come. 
 The natural desire for safety and protection, on the part of the 
 settlers, was heightened when they knew that hostilities had 
 broken out, from the fact that the Ottawas and Pottawatomies had 
 asserted that " when the leaves on the trees are as large as squirrels' 
 ears, the Sacs intended to invade the settlements, and kill the white 
 settlers." An Independent Rifle Company was organized at Dex- 
 ter, its members not being confined alone to citizens of the village, 
 but were scattered over a considei'able portion of the surrounding 
 country. Tlie regiment to which this company was attached was 
 commanded by Col. J. D. Davis, who lived at Plymouth, and that 
 place was the headquarters of the regiment. Says a local writer: 
 
 " One bright May morning, in 1832, at about eight o'clock, a man 
 was seen riding on horseback in great haste over the hill, from 
 toward Ann Arbor. As he rode into the village he met the com- 
 mander of this company on the street, and in an excited manner 
 announced that the Indians under Black ITawk had made war upon 
 the whites and were marching toward Detroit, murdering every 
 man, woman and child they could find ; that they were at White 
 Pigeon Prairie 80,000 strong at that moment, and would soon be 
 upon us, at the same time delivering to the Captain of the com- 
 
136 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 pany a military order signed by Col. Davis, and dated at Plymouth 
 at six p. M. of the previous day, which was couched substantially 
 in the following language: 
 
 Headquaetees 1st Keg't Mioh. Rifle Corps,) 
 Plymouth, May 9, 1832, 6. p. M. ) 
 Oaptain Dexter Rifles: 
 
 SiE: — You are hereby commanded to be and appear with your full company 
 armed and equipped as the law dictates, for actual service, at Ten Eyck's tavern, 
 10 miles west of Detroit, on the Chicago turnpike, on to-morrow. May 10, at 10 
 o'clock A. M., then and there to meet the regiment and other military forces, to 
 march at once against the Black Hawk Indians. 
 By order of Major General John R. Williams, commanding Michigan Forces. 
 
 J. D. DAVIS, 
 Colonel 1st Regiment Michigan Rifles. 
 
 " The bearer of this order was George Warner. It was now May 
 10, at half past eight o'clock a. m. In order to obey this order 
 literally, the company must be assembled (with some of them nine 
 miles away) and marched on foot, for there was no conveyance, 40 
 miles, in just an hour and a half That, of course, was impossible, 
 and strange as it may seem at this distance of time, that company 
 were called together, and at just two o'clock that afternoon every 
 member was in the ranks with rifle and blanket, and in less than 
 30 minntes they took np their line of march to the stirring music 
 of fife and drum. They actually marched to Ypsilanti that same 
 evening, where they rested until the morning light, when they 
 again took up their line df inarch toward Detroit, and at about 11 
 o'clock A. M. they met tl.o forces under Gen. John li. Williams, 
 about four miles west of T( n Eyck's, on the march, westward, ho! 
 to meet the enemy. Here the company joined the advancing army, 
 and returned over the same road they had traversed in the early 
 part of the day. 
 
 "By the time the troops had reached Saline the reports of the 
 whereabouts of the enemy began to be quite conflicting, so much 
 so that the troops halted tliere for two days, when authentic infor- 
 mation was received that Black Hawk was captured in Wisconsin, 
 his forces dispersed, and the Indian war ended. The Michigan 
 troops were therefore disbanded and permitted to return to their 
 homes. 
 
 " The Dexter Rifles returned after an absence of six days, but 
 during its absence the inhabitants of the village and surrounding 
 country had become very much excited and alarmed. They had 
 held counsel together and resolved to build a block house of the 
 saw-logs that lay upon the mill yard upon the west side of the 
 creek, as a place of safety for the women and children, and other 
 works of defense were to be erected. In fact, so great was the con- 
 sternation, it was said (with how much truth I cannot vouch), that 
 one man, owning a farm but a short distance from the village, with 
 a small lake upon it, actually sunk his farming utensils in the lake, 
 in order that the Indians should not destroy them." 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 137 
 
 PIONEER LIFE. 
 
 One of the most interesting phases of national or local history is 
 that of the settlement of a new country. Wliat was the original 
 state in wliieh the pioneer found this country? How was it made 
 to blossom like the rose? These are questions propounded by 
 almost every individual of the country in which he makes his home, 
 or sojourn for a time. Pioneer life in Washtenaw county finds its 
 parallel in almost every county in the State, and throughout the 
 entire "West. In addition to what is given in the State history, in 
 this volume, we add the following items: 
 
 When John Bryant, Daniel Cross, Benjamin Woodruff and oth- 
 ers of that noble band of pioneers settled here, they found an 
 unbroken wilderness. Wild beasts, and but little less wild savages, 
 roamed at will over the rolling prairies, through the dense forests, 
 and along the waters of the Raisin, Saline, and the " beautiful 
 Huron." Forests were to be felled, cabins erected, wells built, and 
 the rivers and creeks made to labor for the benefit of mankind; the 
 beautiful prairies were to be robbed of their natural ornaments, and 
 the hand of art was to assist in their decoration. Who was to 
 undertake this work? Are they qualified for the task? What will 
 be the effect of their labors upon future generations? 
 
 The Washtenaw county pioneers had many difficulties to con- 
 tend with, not the least of which was the journey from civilization 
 to their forest homes. The route lay for the most part through a 
 rough country; swamps and marshes were crossed with great exer- 
 tion and fatigue; rivers were forded with difficulty and danger; 
 nights were passed on the open prairies, with " old mother earth" 
 for a couch, and the starry heavens for a shelter; long weary daj's 
 and weeks of travel were endured, but finally their eyes were glad- 
 dened, and their hearts beat faster when a vision uf the " promised 
 land " burst on their view. 
 
 For several years the early settlers of Washtenaw county were 
 compelled to go to Detroit for their flour or meal, requiring almost 
 a week's time to make the journey. 
 
 The fever and ague, or "chills and fever," was a disease of which 
 every pioneer was required to have a taste. 
 
 The first thing upon arrival was to set about building the cabin. 
 While this was being done the family slept in their wagons or upon 
 the grass, while the horses or mules, hobbled to prevent escape, 
 grazed the prairie around them. Trees of a suitable and uniform 
 size were selected, felled and prepared for their places. The day 
 for the raising is announced, and from far and near come other 
 pioneers to assist in this labor. The structure goes up, a log at a 
 time, those engaged stopping now and then to "wet up their 
 whistles," and soon it is ready for the clapboard roof, which was 
 held on by huge weight poles. A door and a window is cut where 
 the "good wife" directs, a chimney built, and the building is ready 
 
138 UISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 for the occupants. It is not a model home, but it is the beginning of 
 a great prosperity, and as such is worthy of preservation in history, 
 on account of its obscurity and its severe economy. The window 
 was very small, sometimes glass being inserted, but often cov- 
 ered with greased paper. The door was made of spliced clapboards 
 and hung with wooden hinges. It was opened by pulling a leather 
 latch-string, which raised a wooden latch inside the door. For 
 security at night this latch-string was pulled in, but for friends and 
 neighbors, and even strangers, the " latch-string hangs out " was 
 always a sign of welcome. 
 
 These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted 
 people. They were strangers to mock modesty, and the traveler 
 seeking lodgings for the night, or desirous of spending a few days 
 in the community. If willing to accept the rude offering, was always 
 welcome, although how they were disposed of at night the reader 
 may not easily imagine, for, as described, a single room was made 
 to serve the purpose of kitchen, dining-room, sitting-room and par- 
 lor, and many families consisted of eight to ten members. 
 
 Next came the work of preparing the soil for agricultural pur- 
 poses. Spring comes and the ground is prepared for the seed. The 
 father takes his post at the plow, and the daughter takes possession 
 of the reins. This is a grand scene — one full of grace and beauty. 
 The pioneer girl thinks but little of fine dress; knows less of the fash- 
 ions; has probably heard of the opera, but does not understand its 
 meaning; has been told of the piano, but has never seen one; wears 
 a dress "buttoned up behind;" has on leather boots, and "drives 
 plow " for father. 
 
 The character of the pioneers of "Washtenaw county falls properly 
 within the range oftlie historians. They lived in a region of exu- 
 berant fertility, where nature had scattered her blessings with her 
 liberal hand. The beautiful Huron river winding its serpentine 
 Way to the lake, the inexhaustible forest supply, the fertile prairie, 
 and the many improvements constantly going forward, and the 
 bright prospect for a glorious future in everything that renders life 
 pleasant, combined to deeply impress their character, to give them 
 a spirit of enterprise, an independence of feeling, and a joyousuess 
 of hope. They were a thorough admixture of many nations, char- 
 acters, languages, conditions and opinions. There was scarcely a 
 State in the Union that was not represented among the early set- 
 tlers. All the various religious sects had their advocates. " All 
 now form one society. Says an early writer: " Men must cleave to 
 their own kind, and must be dependent upon each other. Pride 
 and jealousy give way to the natural yearnings of the human heart 
 for society. They begin to rub off mutual prejudices; one takes a 
 step, and then the other; they meet halfway and embrace, and the 
 society thus newly organized and constituted is more liberal, en- 
 larged, unprejudiced, and of course more affectionate, than a society 
 of people of like birth and character, who bring all their early prej- 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 139 
 
 udices as a common stock, to be transmitted as an inheritance to 
 posterity." * 
 
 The wedding was an attractive feature of pioneer life. There was 
 no distinction of life and very little of fortune. On these accounts 
 the first impressions of love generally resulted in marriages. The 
 family establishment cost but little labor — nothing more. The 
 marriage was always celebrated at the house of the bride, and she 
 was generally left to choose the officiating clergyman. A wedding, 
 however, engaged the attention of the whole neighborhood. It was 
 anticipated by both old and young with eager expectation. In the 
 morning of the wedding day the groom and his intimate friends 
 assembled at the house of his father, and after due preparation, de- 
 parted, e?i masse, for the " mansion " of his bride. The journey 
 was sometimes made on horseback, sometimes on foot, and some- 
 times in farm wagons and carts. It was always a merry journey; 
 and, to insure merriment, the bottle was taken along. On reaching 
 the house of the bride, the marriage ceremony took place, and then 
 dinner or supper was served. After the meal the dancing com- 
 menced, and generally lasted until the following morning. The 
 figures of the dance were three and four-handed reels, or square 
 sets and jigs. The commencement was always a square four, which 
 was followed by what pioneers call " jig'ging;" that is, two of the four 
 would single out for a jig, and were followed by the remaining 
 couple. The jigs were often accompanied with what was called 
 " cutting out," that is, when either of the parties became tired of 
 the dance, on intimation the place was supplied by some one of 
 the company, without interruption of the dance. In this way the 
 reel was often continued until the musician was exhausted. About 
 nine or ten o'clock in the eveninga deputation of young ladies stole 
 off the bride and put her to bed. In doing this they had to ascend 
 a ladder from the kitchen to the upper floor, which was composed of 
 loose boards. Here, in this pioneer bridal chamber, the young, 
 simple-hearted girl was put to bed by her enthusiastic friends. This 
 done, a deputation of young men escorted the groom to the same 
 department, and placed him snugly by the side of his bride. The 
 dance still continues, and if seats were scarce, which was generally 
 the case, says a local writer, every young man when not engaged in 
 the dance was obliged to offer his lap as a seat for one of the girls; 
 and the offer was sure to be accepted. During the night's festivi- 
 ties spirits were freely used, but seldom to great excess. The infair 
 was held on the following evening, when the same order of exercises 
 was observed. 
 
 Election days were observed as holidays. The men went to town, 
 voted, drank whisky, smoked, swore, wrestled and fought, — all for a 
 little fun. 
 
 The " little brown jug " was often brought into requisition as 
 affording a means of enjoyment that nothing else could supply. No 
 caller was permitted to leave the house without an invitation to 
 partake of its contents; not to so invite was a breach of hospitality 
 
140 
 
 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 not to be thought of for a mqment. It was brought out upon all 
 conceivable occasions, and freely dispensed to old and young alike, 
 with no thought of danger. It was a thing of prime importance in 
 all the assemblages of men, — at log-rollings, house-raisings, hust- 
 ings and elections. 
 
 
CHAPTER lY. 
 
 GEOLOGY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 BT ALEXANDER AVINCHELL. 
 
 The entire surface of Washtenaw county is occupied by inco- 
 herent materials commonly known as Drift. The Drift proper 
 consists of accuraulationd due to the action which took place during 
 a period of general glaciation, and the period of flooding which 
 accompanied the dissolution of the glacier. This is overlaid, in 
 some places, by deposits formed since the physical conditions have 
 existed nearly as at the present day. No outcrop of any preglacial 
 formation is known in the county, though such occur to a consid- 
 erable extent in all the surrounding counties- except Oakland. 
 
 I. THE DRIFT. 
 
 Unstratified and Stratified. — Beginning with the Drift, the 
 most conspicuous and best known formation of the county, we may 
 remark that it consists of sand, gravel and clayey loam with inter- 
 spersed boulders, passing locally into deposits of fine and well- 
 bedded clay. Careful observation reveals the fact that certain 
 portions of the Drift appear to be quite unstratified, with boulder 
 masses sparingly, but somewhat promiscuously, disseminated. 
 The most common condition of the visible Drift, however, presents 
 it imperfectly stratified. The unstratified Drift is most deeply 
 seated. The partially stratified Drift has evidently been arranged 
 by water. The confused stratification of the beds is such as is pro- 
 duced by torrential action; and there is little doubt that geological 
 opinion is correct in ascribing tlie confusedly stratified Drift to the 
 violent action of the waters resulting from the rapid melting of the 
 continental glacier, which had accumulated those deposits still 
 remaining as unstratified Drift or till. 
 
 Boulders. — Boulders, so abundant in the Drift, are hard, 
 rounded masses of all sizes up to six or eight feet in diameter. 
 One of these lies upon the University campus, which weighs 
 about six tons. It was brought by the Literary Class of 1862 
 from a spot near the Michigan Central Depot. Nearly all of these 
 boulders are of very hard rocks, and of kinds whicli are not found 
 in place in any region nearer than the shores of Lake Superior and 
 the north shore of Lake Huron. They have, therefore, been trans- 
 ported by some tremendous natural agency; and glaciers are gen- 
 erally thought to furnish an adequate explanation. Charpentier 
 
 ri4i) 
 
142 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTl'. 
 
 gives the dimensions of one of the largest boulders in Switzerland 
 as 63 English feet in mean length, 48 feet in mean breadth and 60 
 feet in height. At least half of our boulders are strictly quartzose. 
 In constitution they may be coarse, imperfectly coherent conglom- 
 erates, or firmly compacted conglomerates, like those on the Uni- 
 versity grounds, of which the one near the main entrance is most 
 purely silicious, and is diversified in color by the presence of red 
 jasper and dark flint pebbles. Other quartzose boulders are 
 coarsely or finely granular, and in either case, they may be firmly 
 cemented or, occasional!}-, somewhat friable. Others assume a 
 vitreous condition, but preserve traces of their original granular 
 state, so that one can easily imagine the ancient granular mass to 
 have been softened by heat or chemical action until the separate 
 grains, by mutual pressure, had partially coalesced. Still others 
 have passed into a purely vitreous condition, with all trases of a 
 former granular structure almost or quite obliterated. These 
 quartzose boulders present a great diversity of colors, both in their 
 general hue' and in the tint of their constituents. The most 
 purely silicious are glassy or white-opaque. Some are delicately 
 tinted, rose-colored, or buff, or smoky. Others are of a deeper red 
 or brown. The coloring ingredient is generally iron peroxyd, but 
 sometimes manganese oxyd. These quartzites present so many vari- 
 ations in texture and color that one may make what seems a large 
 collection of rocks, and find them all mere varieties of quartzite. 
 About thirty per cent.of our boulders are micaceous and hornblendic 
 rocks. Many of these are apparently quite unstratified, and con- 
 stitute good examples of granites, syenites and diorites. They may 
 generall}' be known by a speckled appearance, — the quartz or the 
 feldspar in them being of a ligliter color than the hornblende or 
 mica. Sometimes they present the constituents of a granite — 
 quartz, feldspar and mica — in a very coarse condition, and furnish 
 admirable examples for study. More frequently, the rocks con- 
 taining hornblende or mica exist in a stratified condition. Feld- 
 spar, plentifully present with quartz and mica, or hornblende, gives 
 us a series of gneisses, which exist under all conceivable modifica- 
 tions of color, fineness, stratification, coherence and relative pro- 
 portions of ingredients. But with feldspar absent or nearly so, we 
 have a series of sokists, which otherwise present modifications 
 parallel with those presented by the gneisses. About ten per cent, 
 of the boulders consist of other rocks of ISTorthern origin. Among 
 them, talcose and hydro-mica schists frequently occur; stratified 
 hornblende rock less frequently; and also an occasional specimen 
 of real protogine or Alpine granite. In addition to these, doleritic 
 boulders are sometimes seen, and even the greenstone conglomer- 
 ates of Lake Superior. Finally, about ten per cent, of our Northern 
 boulders are limestones. These are at once recognized, generally, 
 as derived from the "Niagara limestone," which outcrops on the 
 Manitoulin Islands, and on the farther shore of Lake Michigan, 
 from the neighborhood of Mackinac to Green Bay. It is a hard 
 
flISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 143 
 
 and marble-like rock, and for this reason has beea able to with- 
 stand the wear incident to transportation from a region so remote. 
 Limestone Masses. — In addition to all the loose rocks thus far 
 enumerated, we frequently find large tabular masses of loosely 
 stratified limestone, which bear none of the common evidences of 
 boulder transportation; and I do not include them among boulders. 
 These masses vary from a foot to several rods in extent. They have 
 been mistaken repeatedl}' for genuine outcrops of formations in 
 place; and quarries have been opened, and limekilns built in the 
 faith of a permanent supply of the rock. In some cases, hundreds 
 of bushels of lime have been burned from them; and in one place 
 which I examined near Franciscoville, in Jackson county, 20,000 
 bushels of lime had been manufactured. Many years ago a lime- 
 kiln jnst east of the city limits of Ann Arbor, was long maintained 
 from one of these masses. But invariably the formation becomes 
 exhausted. Underneath re-appear the usual deposits of the JVIodi- 
 fied Drift. No bed rock lies within a hundred feet of most of these 
 isolated patches of limestone. Such phenomena are of frequent 
 occurrence through Lenawee and Hillsdale counties, and the south- 
 ern part of Jackson and Washtenaw. I have seen something simi- 
 lar as far west as Berrien, Van Buren and Ottawa counties, and as 
 far north as Oceana county. These outlying masses constitute a 
 class of phenomena little known to geologists, and I believe I was 
 the first to call attention to them in published communications.* 
 That they do not belong to the class of boulders is manifest: 1. 
 From the enormous size of many of them. No boulders of admit- 
 ted JSTorthern origin attain to any similar dimensions. Many of 
 these masses far exceed even the largest boulder blocks known in 
 more northern regions, 2. The limestone is not of such character 
 as to endure transportation from the Northern outcrop of rocks of 
 the same kind. It is loosely jointed, often shaly, and seamed with 
 argillaceous matter. Glacier transportation is endurable only by 
 the hardest known rocks. These enormous tabular pieces have been 
 lifted gently, transported without violence, and let down in their 
 resting places without a shock. Again, the fossils in which these 
 masses abound proclaim more distinctly than the structure of the 
 rock, their origin from the Corniferous formation. I have else- 
 where enumerated 60 species of fossils found at Ann Arbor, 
 while numerous others still undetermined exist. Most of these are 
 known to occur in the tabular masses here under consideration. 
 The fact proves beyond a doubt that these floating rocks have been 
 derived from the Corniferous limestone. If they could not have 
 been transported from the Northern outcrop of this formation, then 
 from what region have they come? The nearest surface exposures 
 of the Corniferous are in Monroe and Lenawee counties, and in 
 
 *Some Indications of a NorthwardTransportationof Drift MateriaUin theLower 
 Peninsula of Michigan, Am. Jour. Science, II, xi, 331-8; Supposed Agency of Ice- 
 Hoes in the Champlain Epoch, Scientific Monthly, Toledo, October, 1875, and Am- 
 Jour. Sci., March, 1876. 
 
144 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Northern Ohio. It seems presumable that these regions supplied 
 the lost masses. The transportation, therefore, has been northward 
 instead of southward, and by some other agertcy than glacier action. 
 I have elsewhere speculated on the nature of this agency, and pro- 
 pose again to advert to the subject in another part of this paper. 
 
 Kidney-Iron Nodules. — Many curious iron concretions are 
 found distributed through the Drift. They are generally flattened 
 oval bodies, from an inch to six inches in length; and when broken, 
 are found to consist of a crust containing a more solid and darker 
 colored nucleus. Both parts contain a large percentage of finely 
 arenaceous matter, mingled with compounds of iron. The crust 
 shows how far the action, of the weather has penetrated, and 
 changed the constitution of the mass. The nucleus easily separates 
 fi'oin the crust, and the separation sometimes takes place before the 
 nodule is broken. The specimen then forms a natural and very 
 curious " rattle-box.'' These nodules are undoubtedly derived from 
 a formation well known in the southern part of the State, especially 
 in Branch county, and designated by Dr. Houghton the ''Kidney- 
 Iron Foraiation." In my reports on the geology of the State, it is 
 embraced in the " Huron Group." These " Kidneys," when sufli- 
 ciently abundant, may be employed in the manufacture of iron; but 
 of course we have no use for them in Michigan. 
 
 Masses of Gypsum. — In the central parts of Washtenaw, as well 
 as the southwestern part of Oakland, many masses of native gyp- 
 sum have been found imbedded in the earth. Mr. Joseph Brown 
 showed me, some years ago, samples of a whitish gypsum found a 
 mile or two west of Ann Arbor, and stated that large fragments 
 had been obtained years before, near the Central depot. He also 
 described another large mass " crushed between two stones." in such 
 condition that I concluded the whole was a fragment of a formation 
 including a gypsum bed and the contiguous strata. Evidently, such 
 a piece has not been far transported. 
 
 Drift of Local Origin. — As the " Kidney-Iron Formation " 
 underlies a portion of Washtenaw county and a larger area of 
 Lenawee county, it is evident that the iron nodules have not suf- 
 fered extensive transportation. Those in the northern part of the 
 county may even have been transported a short distance from the 
 south with the tabular limestone masses already described. Con- 
 tributions from other underlying formations, including gypsum 
 and ferruginous sandstone fragments, have been added to the Drift 
 of remoter Northern origin, and thus given the Drift everywhere 
 something of a local character. Geologists, impressed by the evi- 
 dences of remote Northern transportation presented by the incoher- 
 ent materials which overstrew the surface of the Northern States, 
 have overlooked the strictly local character of a considerable por- 
 tion of them. I have estimated that five or 10 per cent, of the Drift 
 has beenyielded by formations not more than 10 miles removed. 
 Not only have small masses of gypsum been sometimes found, as 
 already stated, but the Coal Measures also disclose their contribu- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 145 
 
 tions to the Drift by the trails of black detritus spreading south- 
 ward from the out crops of the coal beds. Only the larger fragments 
 of the coal have been transported more than a mile or two; and 
 some of these have found their way into the northwestern part of 
 Washtenaw. Nearer their source, however, the smaller fragments 
 and particles become uiore abundant, and thus tend to discover the 
 location of the outcrop. 
 
 Uses of Boulders. — In the absence of quarry stone, our boulders 
 acquire a considerable importance for building purposes. They are 
 almost universally employed for " stoning " wells and cellars, and 
 very generally, also, broken into form, for walls beneath the coping 
 of dwelling-houses. Boulders properly faced have also been used 
 for substantial superstructures. In Ann Arbor, the Congregational 
 and Baptist church edifices are built of boulders, as well as the res- 
 idences of J. Austin Scott, Esq., and Hon. T. M. Cooley. The 
 exteriors of these buildings present a solid and enduring appear- 
 ance, and the general effect is pleasing. It must be confessed, how- 
 ever, that when split boulders are employed only for a veneering, 
 and the center and back are irregularly filled in with brick and rub- 
 ble imperfectly mixed with mortar, the solidity of the structure 
 cannot be all which is indicated by the massive-looking external 
 courses of masonry. 
 
 Deposits of Clay, Saiid and Gravel. — The action which was 
 exerted upon the boulder drift on the breaking up of the continental 
 glaciers, had the effect to assort the materials which were afterward 
 left deposited in beds, presenting a confused stratification. The 
 varying force of the currents transported the coarser and finer prod- 
 ucts to different distances, and deposited them in different situa- 
 tions. Pebbles and coarse sands were dropped while yet the force 
 of the current was considerable. Fine sand and aluminous particles 
 were borne onward until the current was greatly slackened, and 
 were deposited in situations comparatively protected. The beds of 
 most existing and former lakes have afforded such protected situa- 
 tions, and hence it often occurs that their neighborhood yields 
 extensive and valuable deposits of clay suitable for bricks and ordi- 
 nary pottery. On the contrary, the neighboring hill-slopes may 
 be found composed largely of the separated sand. This sand, like 
 the pebbles and boulders, is constituted principally of silicious ma- 
 terials, and hence, though the grains are rounded, forms, with 
 quick-lime and water, an excellent mortar. Pebbles, besides being 
 assorted in beds, are quite generally disseminated through the 
 modified drift, and especially the widel\' distributed and often clayey 
 subsoil. The mixture furnishes material for a good natural road- 
 bed; and an increased amount of gravel produces a road approxi- 
 mating the macadamized condition. Hence little necessity exists 
 for paving the streets of any of our towns. 
 
 Buried Drift - Wood. — Mingled with the stony debris of the 
 drift are numerous fragments of trees. The wood has the general 
 appearance of white cedar; and microscopic examination reveals 
 
146 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the peculiar discs characteristic of Oonifeim. The state of preser- 
 vation is tolerably good. The wood has assumed a dun or clay- 
 color, and appears generally to have been washed. Specimens have 
 been taker from wells at depths of 20 to 40 feet; and they are often 
 seen in the banks of rivers. In most if not all cases their geo- 
 logical position is in the altered or semi-stratified drift. These 
 fragments indicate that while certain regions were washed by tor- 
 rents, other districts were sufficiently upland to support a growth 
 of white cedar. 
 
 II. SOPEE-DEIFT. 
 
 Lakes. — Above the modified drift exist the records of geological 
 actions which have taken place since the period of the glacier-born 
 torrents. These we will pass next in review. Tiie lakelets with which 
 the surface of the county is pleasantly diversified, rest in depres- 
 sions shaped in the layer of modified drift. There exist within the 
 county about 88 lakelets which attain a longer diameter of an eighth 
 of a mile. Of these, 27 lie in the town of Lyndon, and 12 in the 
 town of Dexter. There are none in the towns of Scio, Ypsilanti, 
 Augusta, York and Saline. The remarkable group o^ lakelets in 
 the northwestern part of the county continues through the south- 
 eastern and eastern portions of Livingston, and thence into the 
 central and northeastern part of Oakland. In other words, they 
 are distributed along the scarcely descending valley of the Upper 
 Pluron and its tributaries, and are strung like beads along these 
 streams, many of them probably the ancient work of beavers. The 
 largest lake in the county is Portage, which is more than two miles 
 and a half long. Though stretching a mile into Livingston county, 
 it covers more territory in Washtenaw than any other lake, occu- 
 pying in Dexter about 3,600 acres. Next in size is Whitmore lake, 
 which is a mile and a half long and two-thirds of a mile broad, ex- 
 tending for half its length into Livingston. The next in extent are 
 South lake in Lyndon, North lake in Dexter and Pleasant lake in 
 Freedom, each of which is a mile or more in length. 
 
 The lakelets of Washtenaw county, as of the l^ower Peninsula in 
 general, are surrounded by gravelly, elevated shores on two or three 
 sides, with frequently a low, marshy border fringing the remainder of 
 the contour. As the streams which feed them are clear, the water of 
 the lakes is limpid and healthful, though of the character known as 
 " hard." They furnish, therefore, charming places of summer resort. 
 Whitmore lake, with its elevated banks, shelving, pebbly shores, 
 supplies of fish and contiguous hotels, has acquired considerable 
 notoriety as a place of pleasure resort. Portage lake and others in 
 that vicinity are much sought by fishing and camping parties. 
 Pleasant lake, with its high banks, is a delightful sheet of water. 
 
 The same species of fish and molluscs inhabit all the diflFerent 
 lakes of the county, however disconnected. This fact presents an 
 interesting and difficult problem to the investigator of the origin 
 
niSTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 147 
 
 of species. The most natural inference is that at a former period 
 a genera! system of water communication existed among the vari- 
 ous bodies of water in this part of the State, and that at this time 
 one fauna extended through all our limits. A similar problem, 
 but of larger magnitude, is presented b}' the similar faunas inhabit- 
 ing diflFerent river and lake systems, and especially when the differ- 
 ent systems discharge into the sea at different points, and their 
 higher sources, as well as their valleys of discharge, are separated 
 by elevations too great to admit the hypothesis of a general fresh- 
 water inundation in former times. 
 
 Lacustrine Deposits. — It requires but casual observation to 
 become convinced that nearly all our lakelets have formerly been 
 of larger size. The shore upon one or more sides is frequently low 
 and sedgy, and stretches back over an expanse of mai'sh and allu- 
 vial land to a sloping, gravelly bank, which we feel constrained to 
 believe was the ancient limit of the lake. The lowland between 
 the ancient shore and the modern is composed of a bed of peat, 
 generally underlaid by a bed of marl. Beneath the marl may be 
 found, in many cases, a deposit of blue, plastic clay, which forms a 
 transition to the layer of modified drift, before described. Each of 
 these deposits may have a thickness of a few inches or more, up to 
 10 or 20 feet. That all these formations liave been laid down since 
 the flooded or Champlain period is evident: 1. From their superposi- 
 tion on the modified drift; 2. From the fact that the lake is per- 
 forming, in our own times, the same work as we see completed 
 in the low-border marsh; 3. From our actual observation of the 
 gradual extension of many lake-border marshes, and the corre- 
 sponding diminution of the areas of the lakes. 
 
 The calcareous character of the water of these lakelets makes 
 them a fitting abode for numerous species of lime-secreting mol- 
 luscs. These animals eliminate the lime from the water, and build 
 it into the structure of their shells. Finally the mollusc dies and its 
 shell falls to the bottom, where it undergoes disintegration into a 
 white powder, or becomes buried in the progressing accumulation 
 of such material. Another portion of the marly deposit forming 
 in the bed of the lakes is probably derived from calcareous precipita- 
 tion directly from the lake water. Thus a bed of marl is forming 
 over the whole bottom of the lake, in situations sufl[iciently pro- 
 tected and shallow to serve as the abode of shell-making animals. 
 But on the leeward side, the immediate shore is the seat of very 
 different operations, the result of which is the formation of a layer 
 of peat. Bulrushes lift their heads through water one or two 
 feet deep. A little nearer the shore fiags may be seen, and still 
 nearer, scouring rushes. On the immediate border of the land, 
 willows and water-loving sedges hold a place, while farther back, 
 other sedges and grasses take possession in varying proportions. 
 This is the leeside of the lake. Floating leaves, twigs and stems 
 therefore find their way amongst the lake-side growths, and becom- 
 ing entangled, sink and go into gradual decay. More than this. 
 
148 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 each autumn's crop of dead vegetation produced around the bor- 
 der, contributes to the accumulating stock of vegetable material, 
 which gradually changes into the condition of humus and peat. 
 This is a work begun at the surface of the water. When the 
 material sinks, it overlies whatever the lake had previously accu- 
 mulated. When the peat layer is first begun, the previous accumu- 
 lation is marl, and hence, the well-known order of superposition 
 of these two deposits. The peatbed grows lakeward as the con- 
 tinued formation of marl shallows the water. In the course of 
 time the actual seat of operations becomes removed far from the 
 ancient shore; and a broad marsh comes into existence, with peat 
 everywhere at the surface, and marl below. 
 
 Swamps, or Anoie7it Lake-Sites. — I have indicated a process by 
 which lakes are becoming filled, and their superficial dimensions 
 shrunken. As many existing lakes have obviously been contracted 
 from their ancient limits, so a little reflection makes it obvious 
 that many lakes once existing have become quite extinct through 
 the completion of the process. It is probable that every marsh 
 marks the site of an ancient lake. Level as the surface of the 
 water which determined Uieir limits and depth, not a few of tliem 
 retain, at some point, some vestige of the lake which they have 
 displaced; and others exhibit all transitions from a reeking and 
 quaking bog to an alluvial meadow; wliile, in nearly all cases, ditch- 
 ing discloses the peaty, marly and clayey materials, in the order in 
 which, under lake action, they are accumulating before our eyes along 
 actual lake borders. The absence of any marked general inclination 
 of the surface in our peninsula, has made it the seat of an extraor- 
 dinary number of lakelets ancient and modern, and hence, also, a 
 region of small local marshes or filled lakelets. Some of these may 
 be found on almost every section of land; but the majority of tliem 
 are meadow lands, or even tillable fields, and constitute the choicest 
 patches in the farmer's possession. Many of these ancient lake- 
 sites, nevertheless, remain for the present nothing but swamps, 
 and demand resolute ditching for their thorough reclamation. 
 Some of these swamps, by a State system of ditching, have been 
 properly desiccated, and others greatly improved. The following 
 are the locations of some of the most extensive swamps found on 
 the original occupation of the co\inty. An extensive swamp sur- 
 rounds Four-Mile lake, and stretches from the southern part ot 
 Dexter through the northwest corner of Lima, and diagonally 
 through the center of Sylvan. This is about 11 miles long in 
 Washtenaw county, with a width varying from half a mile to a 
 mile and a half. Throughout six miles of its length, it fringes 
 both banks of the North Branch of Mill creek, which joins the 
 Huron at Dexter village. Another extensive swamp begins in 
 the eastern part of section 11, Augusta, and stretches southeast- 
 ward to section 31, where it passes into Wayne county. A third, 
 beginning in section 33, Ann Arbor, stretches through section 4, 
 Pittsfield, into section 10;^thence, changing to a southwesterly trend 
 
J^ 
 
 rs^fr^' ^- 
 
 <:xC/n^^^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 151 
 
 and materially widening out, it passes to the southwestern part of 
 section 17, whence bifurcating, it sends one branch through sections 
 20, 29, and 30, and the'other branch through sections 18, 19 and 30. 
 A fourth swampy region stretches from the south part of section 
 8, Saline, through sections 17 and 18, and continues along the 
 boundary between the third and fourth tiers of sections in Bridge- 
 water, nearly to the Raisin river. Another considerable swamp 
 borders both sides of the South branch of Mill creek, in sections 
 7, 8, 17 and 18, Freedom, and sections 1, 12, and 13,'Sharon. Other 
 smaller swamps are Bear swamp in sections 16, 17, 18 and 20, 
 Augusta; one in sections 21, £2 and 27, Superior; one in section 
 2, Dexter; one in sections 3, 4 and 5, Manchester; one in sections 
 7 and 8, Lyndon; one in section 1 and 2, Lima; one in section 17, 
 Ypsilanti and one in section 6, Ann Arbor. 
 
 -The peaty and marly deposits of our swamps possess great inter- 
 est and value to the cultivator of the soil. Peat, as I have shown, 
 is a substance of vegetable origin,'and consists, therefore, of the very 
 constituent which makes a fertile soil different from the stiiF and 
 sterile subsoil underneath. Before the cultivator of the earth took 
 possession of the land, nature returned to the soil annually the vege- 
 table growth which had developed at the expense of the soil. As 
 the plant drew also much substance from the atmosphere, it returned 
 continually more than it abstracted, and thus the soil grew deeper 
 and richer. Thus the actual soil came into existence simply by the 
 addition of vegetable matter to a surface having no more fertility 
 than the ordinary subsoil which still exists. But the system of 
 cropping takes from the soil annually the luxuriant growth which 
 it had nourished into existence. It is a process of inevitable im- 
 poverishment. The constituents which become deficient are not 
 simply such as mineral fertilizers can restore. The demand of the 
 soil is for vegetable food. Now, the provision of nature is at hand 
 with her stores of peat — nature's savings banks, the slow accumu- 
 lation of ages, during which the foot of civilized man had never 
 pressed the soil — and these supplies are adequate to indemnify the 
 soil for the loss of crops which man converts to human uses. But 
 crude peat is not yet sufficiently changed to become assimilable 
 food for plants. It is sour with humic, ulmic and other acids, and 
 needs pulverization and exposure to the atmosphere for some months. 
 Thus prepared, it forms the most natural application possible for 
 the recuperation of exhausted soils. 
 
 The marl, also, affords the calcareous constituent always pres- 
 ent in strong, productive soils. Every farmer understands the 
 superior excellence of soils overlying limestone formations. Every 
 one has noted in passing from a soil of limestone origin to one 
 formed by the disintegration of sandstones, how the maple disap- 
 pears, the oaks grow scrubby, the wheat short and slender, and the 
 grass thin and pale. All which distinguishes the limestone soil from 
 the arenaceous one, is found in our exhaustless beds of marl. Soils 
 that are lean and weak may be strengthened by supplying them 
 
 10 
 
152 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 with the marl and peat which bountiful nature has provided at our 
 hands. The return of the marl to the leached hillsides is but restor- 
 ing an ingredient which has been slowly filtering away as long as 
 the surface has been under cultivation. 
 
 Bog Iron and Manganese. — I have already stated that the Drift 
 of Washtenaw county abounds in nodules of kidney-iron ore. There 
 are also many boulders from the Lake Superior region, which contain 
 large percentages of hematite and magnetite; and occasionally boul- 
 ders composed entirely of these ores are met with. Besides these 
 sources of iron, the coal region lying to the northwest of us has sup- 
 plied many fragments of black band, iron stone and ferruginous sand- 
 stones. Moreover, nearly all rocks, especially pja-itous and micaceous 
 rocks, contain iron as a constituent, and their slow disintegration 
 releases it, to be acted on by atmospheric and aqueous agencies. 
 From such sources it happens that most of the waters which per- 
 colate through the porous beds of the Drift become charged with 
 compounds of iron in a state of solution, tlie most abundant of 
 which is probably a protoxyd carbonate. The escape of these 
 waters to the surface exposes the iron protoxyd to a process of 
 peroxydation. The iron peroxyd is insoluble, and must therefore 
 be precipitated. Hence the rusty sediment often observable in 
 spring water and upon the surface of objects bathed by them. 
 Hence the considerable accumulations of ochre in certain situations, 
 and the impregnation of bogs by a ferruginous deposit, and finally 
 the creation of beds of bog-iron ore. Such iron bogs occur, ' to 
 some extent, on nearly every section in the county. In some 
 cases they become very rich, and might be utilized, as they have 
 been in some countries, in the manufacture of iron. JBut bog ore- 
 contains only 60 to 73 per cent, of iron peroxyd, while thelimonite 
 of Lake Superior contains 80 to 86 per cent, of iron peroxyd, the 
 hematites from 73 to 100 per cent, of peroxyd, and the magnetites 
 72 per cent, of pure iron. It is manifest, therefore, that some 
 peculiar conditions must exist to render our own bogs capable of 
 competing with the iron deposits of Lake Superior. For supplies 
 of mineral paint they will be more available. I have seen from 
 Hillsdale county some excellent examples prepared from such 
 sources; and there is no doubt that Washtenaw county is similarly 
 supplied. 
 
 Some noteworthy localities of bog iron ore are found in Bridge- 
 water, section 16; Augusta, sections 14 and 27 (north line), and 
 Sharon, N. E. quarter, section 21, where red ochre is obtained. Bog 
 manganese, or %oad, is also a peroxyd originating under nearly the 
 same circumstances as bog iron. In fact, some small proportion of 
 manganese generally accompanies bog iron. When pure, wad is 
 nearly black, and any considerable proportion imparts a dark tint 
 to the mixture containing it. Bog manganese exists in consider- 
 able purity in the town of Salem; also in N". E. quarter section 21, 
 Sharon ; but other regions possess facilities so far superior for the 
 extraction of the peroxyd that our local deposits are not likely to 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 153 
 
 attain much relative importance. It has been used as a black paint 
 for carriages. 
 
 Travertin,. — The abundant calcareous masses before mentioned 
 as disseminated through the modified drift, together with some 
 proper limestone boulders, are subject to constant disintegration 
 and solution by means of percolating waters. The first effect of 
 this is to supply our soils generally with an adequate calcareous 
 constituent, regardless of the nature of the deeply underlying 
 strata. Another effect is to render our springs and streams abun- 
 dant in lime. Limestone is soluble in pure water, but more so in 
 water saturated with carbonic acid. This gas subterranean waters 
 find and absorb in plentiful abundance. But these waters while 
 under great pressure absorb more carbonic acid than can be retained 
 when the pressure is removed by the escape of the waters to the 
 surface in the form of springs. Some of the carbonic acid being 
 disengaged by escaping spring waters, their solvent action on cal- 
 cium carbonate is diminished, and hence, if previously saturated 
 with this mineral, some of it must be given up. Thus, frequently, 
 a white precipitate is thrown down which, in the bottom of stand- 
 ing pools and lakelets, contributes to the accumulation of mai'l, as 
 before stated. But calcium carbonate when precipitated in situ- 
 ations more or less in contact with atmospheric air, forms a solid 
 iucrustation of limestone, called travertin. Thus, sometimes, the 
 dried stems of mosses and other plants become incrusted, and in the 
 former case, form what is popularly known as "petrified moss." 
 Sometimes the water spreads over an even surface and deposits a 
 succession of laminae which attain collectively a thickness of 
 several inches or feet, and present a remarkable resemblance to the 
 strQcture and soliditj' of a sedimentary limestone. These massive 
 travertin deposits may be quarried for lime-burning or for building 
 purposes, like the travertin of San Yignone and other Italian 
 localities. But within the limits of Washtenaw county, I know of 
 none sufficiently extensive for such uses. Travertinous and tufa- 
 ceous deposits on a smaller scale are, however, of very frequent 
 occurrence; and the valley of the Huron, from Ypsilanti to Dexter, 
 presents an almost continuous series of the more porous or tufa- 
 ceous forms. Travertinous deposits in many localities are colored 
 to some extent with intermingled precipitations of hydrated iron 
 peroxyd. A species of conglomerate or " crag," much resembling 
 the " molasse" of Switzerland, frequently results from the mutual 
 cementation of the pebbles in extensive beds, by the deposition of 
 a calcareous precipitate in the interstices. Such beds, when strati- 
 fied, are often mistaken for "bed-rocks." Fine examples may be 
 seen in the valley of the Huron, immediately east of Ann Arbor. 
 Travertinous deposits often incrust the pebbles in the bottoms of 
 shallow lakes and streams. Even the shells of mussels become 
 similarly covered. I have especially noticed these results in Port- 
 age and Base lakes. 
 
154 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Wells and Springs. — Intimately connected with the Modified 
 Drift are the existence and phenomena of springjs and wells. If 
 the porous materials were not interstratilied with beds of clayey, 
 impervious materials, all the water which falls upon the surface of 
 the earth would percolate downward to such distance tliat wells 
 would become impracticable; and the little subterranean stream 
 would never be diverted to make its escape on the hillside. Any 
 surface stream which might come into existence as the incident of 
 a summer rain, would rapidly sink into the sands. In fact, there 
 could no more be surface streams than bubbling springs and endur- 
 ing wells. It is the frequent intervention of a dish of impervious 
 clay, which arrests the waters in their downward percolation, and 
 either holds the supply to be tapped by wells, or guides to an escape 
 in the hillside fountain. The same cause holds the streams in their 
 channels. The great sandy deserts of the world are illustrations of 
 the condition which Washtenaw county would assume, if all the 
 sandy materials of the Drift had been arranged in one superficial 
 layer, instead of being interstratified, as they are, with sheets of 
 impervious clay. As the whole county, with the exception of 
 swampy tracts, is overspread with these stratified deposits, it will 
 be understood that springs are plentiful, streams perennial, and 
 wells generally attainable within convenient distances of the sur- 
 face. These are natural advantages which cannot be too vividly 
 appreciated.* 
 
 What has been already said will render it easily understood that 
 any subterranean waters are always charged with solutions con- 
 taining lime and iron, and other substances in smaller proportions. 
 Our waters are generally " hard." But, in many springs, the pro- 
 portion of iron also, is so large that the waters become distinctly 
 chalybeate. This is the case, for instance, with the water supplied 
 to the University. A series of springs issuing from the banks of a 
 ravine in the western part of the city of Ann Arbor, were made the 
 basis of a bathing and sanitary establishment which was maintained 
 several years, and until destroyed by fire. The most abundant 
 constituent of this water is calcium carbonate, but it also contains 
 salts of magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, and a trace of iodine.f 
 
 At Saline, salt springs attracted attention, in the early settle- 
 ment of the county, and gave name to the village and the township. 
 As the brine, however, originates beneath the Drift formation, it 
 will be considered under the next general head. 
 
 Configuration of the General Surface. Nearly all that has 
 
 been carried by streams into the lakes or the channels of drainage 
 from the country, has been removed from the beds of Drift materials 
 which have thus far occupied our attention. Much of the removed 
 
 * See the writer's Sketches of Creation, pp. 333-235. 
 
 f See analysis in tlie writer's State Geological Report, 1861, p. 204. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 155 
 
 material has gone in a state of solution. Some of this has been 
 precipitated, and some organically deposited in the bottoms of 
 lakes. Some has gone into the Huron, the Saline and Raisin rivers 
 and Stony creek, and the West and South branches of the Rouge, 
 and thus passed forever beyond the limits of the county. A larger 
 proportion of the material removed from the situations in which it 
 formerly existed, has gone in the form of mechanical sediment. 
 The process is illustrated in every turbid stream, and in every 
 roadside torrent which follows the summer shower. Some of this 
 has aided in the filling of lakelets, and other portions have been 
 borne quite out of the county. It is apparent, therefore, that sur- 
 face erosions are deepening and widening all the valleys. If this 
 process is going forward before human eyes, it must have proceeded 
 during the past, as long as the climatic conditions have been similar 
 to the present — that is, ever since the end of that action which dis- 
 tributed the modified drift. During this long period, the work of 
 valley erosion must have contributed much to the diversification of 
 the original surface. In other words, the principal bulk of the 
 material removed from the valley has been removed since the epoch 
 of the floods. The broad valley of the Huron has been lowered 
 from 50 to 100 feet, and the other streams sunken correspondingly. 
 Subordinate passage-ways for drainage waters have cut the original 
 surface in other directions, and the total result has left a general 
 superficies intersected by valleys, and relieved by numberless hills 
 and ranges of hills. This configuration is conspicuously seen along 
 the whole valley of the Huron and all the southwestern part of the 
 town of Ann Arbor, the eastern part of Scio, the northwestern 
 part of Sharon, the central part of Sylvan on each side of the great 
 marsh, the soiitheastern, central and northern parts of Lyndon, and 
 the western part of Dexter. These hillsides, especially in the 
 town of Ann Arbor, have been extensively planted to peach-trees 
 and vines; and the amount of peaches, grapes and other sorts of 
 fruits shipped from the city of Ann Arbor has recently grown to 
 important dimensions. Large portions of the county, however, are 
 spread out in beautiful agricultural plains, and these have generally 
 been regarded as the choicest tracts. A large part of the township 
 of Lima possesses a gently undulating surface, and a warm, light, 
 loamy soil. The greater part of Freedom possesses a similar char- 
 acter, and much of the southeastern part of Sharon is a beautiful 
 plain. A similar tract in the town of Lodi has suggested the 
 name of Lodi Plains. Other plain areas of less extent lie in south- 
 eastern Webster, southwestern Northfield. southeastern Salem and 
 central Augusta. 
 
 No exact observations have ever been made enabling us to 
 arrive at any precise statement of the extent of the inequalities of 
 the surface of the county. We know, however, that the general 
 altitude of the surface above the level of the river at Detroit is 
 
ta 
 
 156 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 about 325 feet.* The eastern and southern borders of the county 
 are about 175 feet above Detroit river, while the town of Dexter 
 rises to about 300 feet, and the western part of Lyndon to about 
 475 feet. An equal elevation is attained in the northeastern part 
 of the county, near the boundary between Salem and ISTorthfield. 
 The highest land in the county is probably among the " short hills " 
 of Lyndon. In all parts of the county hills exist which attain 
 elevations 50 or 100 feet higher than the means above given. The 
 general level about the city of Ann Arbor (University grounds) is 
 314 feet, while Observatory' hill is 356 feet, being 128 feet above 
 Main street, 169^ feet above the level of the Huron river opposite 
 the old railroad tank, and 163 feet above the river at the lower 
 bridge. The corner of Huron and Main street is 77 feet above 
 Huron river at the lower bridge. The surface of Pleasant lake, 
 Sept. 13, 1855, was 188.33 feet above the track at Michigan Cen- 
 tral depot, Ann Arbor, or 382 feet above Detroit river. 
 
 As the level of Lake Michigan, which is the same as that of 
 Lake Huron, is a convenient and generally accepted place of refer- 
 ence, I employ the Chicago city directrix as a datum in the tables 
 of altitudes which follow. 
 
 Above Above 
 
 Chicago the 
 
 Directrix. Sea. 
 
 Chicago City Directrix 587.15 
 
 LalLC Erie base —19 . 3 567 .85 
 
 Detroit river, Detroit, June 1, 1869 —16.3 570.85 
 
 Huron river, opp. old E. R. Tank, E. of Ann Arbor 152 739 
 
 Lake Ridge, near Ypsilanti 158 745 
 
 Huron river, at lower bridge, Ann Arbor 160 747 
 
 Ann Arbor station 177 764 
 
 Cor. Huron and Main streets, Ann Arbor 237 834 
 
 Spring supplying University 266 853 
 
 University grounds (S. W. cor., S. wing, main edifice, 1854). . 280 867 
 
 Observatory 323 909 
 
 The following are estimates. 
 
 General surface of county 309 896 
 
 Eastern and southern borders 159 746 
 
 General level of Dexter 284 871 
 
 Westernpartof Sylvan 459 1046 
 
 * The plane of reference of the Michigan Central R R. is the level of the 
 Detroit river, Junel, 1869. This, according to elaborate determinations made by 
 me in 1872, is three feet above "Lake Erie Base," the plane of reference of the 
 Michigan Southern R.R., 16.3 feet below the Chicago city directrix, and 570 . 85 feet 
 above the sea-level. The Chicago city directrix is- two feet Ijelow the mean 
 level of Lake Michigan for twenty years, according to the investigations of Mr. 
 James T. Gardner {Ann- Report Hay den Oeolofj. Survey, 1873, p. 638). Gardner's 
 determinations are adopted generally by Mr. Henry Gannett \^Lisis of Elevations, 
 being "Miscellaneous Publications" No. 1 of the Hayden Geol. Surv. 4th ed., 
 1877). 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 157 
 MICHIGAN CENTRAL EAILEOAD. 
 
 (Elevations of grade. Copied by the writer from original notes in the office at 
 Detroit.) 
 
 Above Above 
 Dist. Detroit Riv. Clilcago City 
 miles. 1 June, 1869. Dlrectrtx. 
 
 Eastbaseof "Lake Ridge." 163.3 147.0 
 
 Summit of Ridge 174 157.7 
 
 Ypsilanti, west switch 132.89 116.59 
 
 31.0 Bridge 3, Ypsilanti 141.0 124.7 
 
 31.7 Bridge 3 (Huron river) 158.0 141.7 
 
 32 . 3 Ridge (Surface 185 or 168 . 7 above Lake Michigan) . 166 . 6 150 . 3 
 
 32.5 Bridge 4 163.0 146.7 
 
 33.2 Bridge 5 164.2 147.9 
 
 33.4 Geddes. Semaphore 166.0 149.7 
 
 36.1 Bridge6 178.4 ]62.1 
 
 36.5 Bridge? 182.0 165.7 
 
 37.5 AnnArbor 193.62 177.3 
 
 38.9 KeUogg's 311.0 194.7 
 
 39.1 Bridge 9 212.8 196.5 
 
 40.8 BridgelO 333.3 205.9 
 
 41.3 Bridge 11 (Surface of earth 234 or 317.7) 333.3 206.9 
 
 42.0 Bridge 13, near Aspin's Mill 337.0 320.7 
 
 42.4 Bridge 13, near Delhi 243.1 226.8 
 
 43.6 Delhistation 247.0 330.7 
 
 43.1 Bridgel4 248.5 233.2 
 
 44.3 Sciostation. Semaphore 268.1 241.8 
 
 44.9 Bridge 15 363.6 346.3 
 
 46.9 Dexter station 380.61 364.3 
 
 47.3 Mill Creek 278.5 353.2 
 
 50.9 327.74 311.4 
 
 52.1 310.3 294.0 
 
 53.5 337.54 321.24 
 
 54.3 Chelsea, Main street 337.3 330.9 
 
 56.1 335.8 319.5 
 
 60.4 (Surface 446 or 439. 7) 433.7 417.4 
 
 61.3 Francisco, Jackson county 439.35 433.9 
 
 ANN AEBOE TO MANCHE8TEE. 
 
 (Elevation of surface of ground. From survey made by the writer in September, 
 1855.) 
 
 Above 
 Chicago 
 
 Station. Datum. 
 Top of rail M. C. R. R. station, W. end of freight house, 
 
 AnnArbor 4.777 173.53 
 
 30 Middle of sec 3.5, Scio 316.46 388.98 
 
 44 S. W. cor. sec. 25, Scio 319.96 393.48 
 
 56 S. W. i K W. i sec. 35, Scio 193.40 365.93 
 
 65 S. W. cor. sec. 34, Scio 349.49 431.01 
 
 70 E. i N. W. J- sec. 4, Lodi 331.69 394.31 
 
 97 Middle S. side sec. 7, Lodi 199.01 371.53 
 
 103 Middle W. line sec. 18, Lodi 204.56 377.08 
 
 113 Middle S. side sec. 13, Freedom , 330.11 403.63 
 
 114 N. W. i sec. 34, Freedom 322.29 394.81 
 
 130 S. E. i N". W. i sec. 33, Freedom 319.79 393.31 
 
 136 W. side S. W. i sec. 33, Freedom 313.80 386.32 
 
 143 E. side S. W. i sec. 28, Freedom 230.14 402.66 
 
 149 S. E.i-K W.i sec. 32, Freedom 209.31 381.73 
 
 164 Middle of N. W. I- sec. 6, Bridgewater 182.15 354.67 
 
158 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Another Line. 
 
 124 S.W. cor. sec. 23, Freedom 235.85 397.87 
 
 137 Center of N. E. i sec. 27, Freedom 274.19 446.71 
 
 140 S. W. cor. sec. 27, Freedom 256.89 439.41 
 
 147 Center sec. 33, Freedom 317.07 389.59 
 
 157 S. E. cor. sec. 32, Freedom 168.31 340.83 
 
 195 Highway, close by Raisin river, Manchester 153.40 325.93 
 
 DETEOIT, HILLSDALE & INDIANA EAILEOAD. 
 
 (Elevation of grade. From data obtained by the writer in the office of the com- 
 pany in 1873.) 
 
 Atove 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Station. Datum. 
 
 W. side S. E. \ sec. 6, Ypsilanti 190 
 
 N. E. i N. E. i sec. 13, Pittsfield 183 
 
 N. side S. W. i sec. 12, Pittsfield 317 
 
 S. W. isec. 21, Pittsfield 217 
 
 N. W. iS. W. ^ sec. 29, Pittsfield 193 
 
 Center S. E. \ sec. 36, Lodi 203 
 
 W. sides. W. ^ sec. 36, Lodi 191 
 
 S. side S. E. A sec. 34, Lodi , 190 
 
 W. sideN. E. i sec. 4, Saline 193 
 
 Center N. E. ^ sec. 5, Saline 315 
 
 Center N. E. \ sec. 1, Bridgewater 393 
 
 Center N. E . ^^ sec. 2, Bridgewater 212 
 
 Center S. W. 5 sec. 3, Bridgewater 254 
 
 Center S. W. \ sec. 4, Bridgewater 358 
 
 Center S. W. \ sec. 5, Bridgewater , 303 
 
 E. side S. W. \ sec. 6. Bridgewater 391 
 
 Center sec. 1, Manchester 393 
 
 E. side S. W. i sec. 3, Manchester 397 
 
 S. W. i S. W. i sec. 3, Manchester 313 
 
 W- side N. E. i sec. 9, Manchester 313 
 
 W. side N. W. i sec. 9, Manchester 338 
 
 S. W. i N. E. i sec. 8, Manchester 383 
 
 Center S. E. i sec. 7, Manchester 863 
 
 DETEOIT, LANSING & NOETHEEN EAILEOAD. 
 
 (Elevation of grade. From data copied by the writer in the ofiice of the com- 
 pany.) 
 
 Above 
 
 cuicago 
 
 Station. Datum. 
 
 S. W. iN. E. isec. 19, Plymouth, "Wayne county 251 
 
 S. W. iN. W. i sec. 13, Salem 343 
 
 Center S. W. \ sec. 11, Salem 348 
 
 W. side N. W. \ sec 3, Salem 394 
 
 LAKE SHOEE & MICHIGAN SOUTHEEN EAILEOAD JACKSON BEANCH. 
 
 (Elevation of grade. Copied and reduced by the writer from records in office of 
 the company.) 
 
 S. W. i S. E. i sec. g3, Bridgewater 339 
 
 E. side N. AV. \ sec. 39, Bridgewater 273 
 
 Center N. W. \ sec. 30, Bridgewater 255 
 
 Manchester station 311 
 
 S. side N. E. \ sec. 5, Manchester 375 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 159 
 
 JACKSON TO PINKEBTON, BY WATERLOO. 
 
 (Elevation of surface. From records in the office of tlie Jackson, Lansing & 
 Saginaw railroad. Copied and reduced by the writer.) 
 
 S. side S. B. I sec. 19, Lyndon 403 
 
 Center N. W. ^ sec. 30, Lyndon 405 
 
 N. E. cor. sec. 17, Lyndon 315 
 
 S. side N. E. i sec. 4, Lyndon 331 
 
 HOMER & DEXTER CANAL STTBVEY. 
 
 (Elevation of surface. Copied from records in the office of the Secretary of State 
 Lansing, and reduced by the writer, 1871.) 
 
 N. E. i N. W. i sec. 6, Scio 235 
 
 N. W. iS. W. i sec. 1, Lima 269 
 
 S. E. i N. W. i sec. 11, Lima 281 
 
 Center IsT. W. :| sec. 10, Lima 291 
 
 Center N. W. i sec. 8, Lima , 277 
 
 S. side K W. i sec. 7, Lima 294 
 
 N. W. iN. E. isec. 11, Sylvan 301 
 
 S. side N. E. i sec. 3, Sylvan 300 
 
 8. side N. E. i sec. 4, Sylvan 306 
 
 8.E. cor. S. W. isec. 4, Sylvan 356 
 
 S. W. iN. E. isec. 9, Sylvan ,... 357 
 
 W. sideisr. W. i sec. 16, Sylvan 866 
 
 S. sideN. W. ^sec. 17, Sylvan 369 
 
 W. side N. W. i sec. 18, Sylvan. 377 
 
 TOLEDO & ANN AEBOE RAILROAD. 
 
 (Elevation of surface. Information furnished by Prof. C. E. Greene, C. E.) 
 
 Above Above ADove 
 Datum Detroit CMcago 
 ol E. E. Elver. Datum. 
 
 Level of mill-pond Ann Arbor 194 187.6 171.3 
 
 Middle of Sec. 11, Ann Arbor 380 386.4 370.1 
 
 N.-E. i Sec. 35, Northfleld.- 415 421.4 405.1 
 
 S. E. }4 Sec: 24, Northfleld 424 430.4 414.1 
 
 1 m. S. of S. Lyon village, Oakland County 340 346.4 330.1 
 
 1,000 ft. N. of Centre of S. Lyon village 392 398.4 382.1 
 
 (Data south of Ann Arbor not accessible.) 
 
 Water -Powers. — The differences of level above indicated give a 
 sufficient fall to the principal streams of the county to afford an 
 amount of water-power quite worthy the attention of manufactur- 
 ers. The following table shows the descent of the Huron river 
 from point to point between Dexter and Ypsilanti.* In the first 
 column are given the localities; in the second, the intervening dis- 
 tances; in the third, the amount of fall in'the intervening distance, 
 and in the fourth, the amount of fall per half mile. 
 
 ♦The altitudes refer to the surface of the water. They were noted by the engin- 
 eers of the M . C . R . R . , and copied and reduced by the writer in September, 
 1872. 
 
160 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNT r. 
 
 SOME ELEMENTS OF WATEE-POWEE IN THE HUEON EIVEE. 
 
 No, 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 Bridge 15, 2 miles W. of Dexter station. 
 Bridge 14, J mile W. of Delhi station. . . . 
 
 Bridge 13, near Delhi 
 
 Bridge 12, near Aspin's Mills 
 
 Bridge 11 
 
 Bridge 10 
 
 Bridge 9, near Kellogg's 
 
 Bridges 
 
 Ann Arbor, below dam 
 
 Bridge 7, one mile B . of Ann Arbor 
 
 Bridge 6, 1 . 4 mile E . of Ann Arbor . . . . 
 
 Bridge 5, near Geddes 
 
 Bridge 4 
 
 Bridge 3 
 
 Bridge 2, 1 . 2 mile W. of Ypsilanti 
 
 Bridge 1, at Ypsilanti 
 
 Totals 15.1124.3 
 
 mllee 
 
 1.8 
 0.7 
 0.4 
 0.7 
 
 1.0 
 0.4 
 
 2.9 
 0.7 
 0.8 
 0.7 
 1.2 
 
 I. 
 
 feet 
 
 8.5 
 
 13.3 
 6.7 
 3.8 
 7.7 
 
 13.0 
 3.3 
 5.3 
 
 12.0 
 2.0 
 
 18.0 
 3.0 
 
 14.4 
 2.6 
 
 10.8 
 
 as 
 
 feet 
 
 2.4 
 9.5 
 
 8.4 
 
 ,0 
 .5 
 1 
 1 
 
 9 
 4.1 
 
 4.1 
 
 (do, 
 
 11 
 
 5.6 
 
 "g'a 
 
 10.8 
 
 i'.S 
 10.0 
 
 ih'.o 
 n.o 
 '9". 6 
 
 It thus appears that the whole descent of the river between Dex- 
 ter and Ypsilanti is 124 feet, with a mean descent of 4.1 feet a 
 half mile, as measured along the railroad. The table also shows 
 that the most rapid fall of the stream is between Delhi and a point 
 O.T of a mile east of Delhi. Hence, other things being equal, this 
 is the most advantageous point for the construction of a dam. The 
 next most advantageous point, other things being equal, is at Bridge 
 3, 2.8 miles west of Ypsilanti, where the river falls nine feet in half a 
 mile. The next best point is near Aspin's mills, 1.1 miles east of 
 Delhi, where the fall is at the rate of 8.4 feet in half a mile. 
 
 If we knew the volume of water flowing in the Huron river at 
 any stage, together with the velocity of the flow, it would be easy 
 to calculate the total amount of water-power between Dexter and 
 Ypsilanti, or the amount at any of the points indicated in the 
 table. The rate of descent is one of the factors determining the 
 velocity, and therefore one of the factors in the determination of 
 the power. But the velocity is so much dependent, also, on the vol- 
 ume of water and the nature of the bottom, that no fixed ratio 
 exists between velocity and rate of descent; and we have not the 
 means, therefore, for calculating the velocity from the descent. But 
 as the volume of water and the nature of the bottom are practically 
 uniform between Dexter and Ypsilanti, we may correctly assume 
 that the water-powers at the several points are proportional to the 
 rates of descent, as given in the column next to the last. 
 
 So far as I am informed, no actual measurements have been 
 recorded of the volume of water in the Pluron river at any point 
 or season. Should we assume, for the sake of an illustration, that 
 
HISTOEY OF "WASHTENAW COUNTY. 161 
 
 where the river is 50 feet wide, it has an average depth of one foot, 
 and a velocity of one mile an hour, then it will afford 11 theoretical 
 horse-powers at locality No. 3, near Delhi, and the water wonid set 
 back 0.7 of a mile. JSTear Kellogg's, we should have 10.8 horse- 
 powers, and the water would set back 1.7 miles. At a point one 
 mile east of Ann Arbor, we should have 10 horse-powers, and the 
 water would set back one mile. At a point near Geddes, we should 
 have 15 horse-powers, if a dam could be constructed 18 feet high, 
 and the water would set back nearly three miles, forming an 
 immense reservoir for storage. At Ypsilanti, we should have nine 
 horse-powers, with a dain 10.8 high, and the water would set back 
 1.2 miles. At any of these points, the power would be increased 
 by a higher dam and- a longer set-bnck of the water. Thus, at Ann 
 Arbor, the height of dam, 5.2 feet, which would set the water back 
 to Bridge 8, would give 4-J- horse-powers; but the actual height of 
 the dam, 5.6 feet, sets the water back more than a mile, and would 
 give 4|- horse-powers.* 
 
 Should the area of the cross-section be twice or three times 50 
 square feet, the power at any of the points mentioned would be 
 twice or three times that stated above. Also, should the velocity 
 be twice or three times as great, the power would be multiplied in 
 the same ratio. Should the cross-section be twice as great, and the 
 velocity twice as great, the power would be four times as great as 
 stated. Or, to put the whole matter in a form which I trust will 
 be intelligible to many readers, the power anywhere may be 
 obtained by multiplying the area of the cross-section in square feet 
 by the velocity in feet per second, and dividing by 8.8. This shows 
 that the power is proportional to the product of width, mean depth 
 and velocity. 
 
 Amient Lake Terrace. — Passing across the southeastern part of 
 the county is a well-marked ridge of gravel, readily distinguished 
 from the ordinary less continuous accumulations of the Modified 
 Drift, which marks, iindoubtedly, an ancient shore line. It enters 
 the county from the north, in the northwestern corner of Ypsilanti, 
 and crossing the Huron river a couple of miles east of the village 
 of Ypsilanti, traverses sections 5, 6 and 7 of Augiista, entering 
 York in section 15, passing the village of Mooreville, and leaving 
 the county at the southwest corner of section 32, York. We may 
 add that it continues in about the same direction, as far as section 19, 
 Lenawee county, and that its course is marked by a public highway, 
 which runs from Ypsilanti to Le Eoy. In the opposite direction, 
 the ridge passes through section 30 of Canton, "Wayne county, 
 thence through section 33, Plymouth, and running a little east of 
 Plymouth village, leaves the town between sections 12 and 13. It 
 
 * Many considerations not mentioned enter into a determination of the eligibility 
 of a site. For instance, at a point where the fall is slight, a high dam may be 
 erected, producing an extensive set-back, provided the banks are high and no 
 disastrous flooding is occasioned . 
 
162 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 passes thence through the corner of Livonia into St. Clair conntj'. 
 This ridge has a breadth of several hundred feet, and is from 12 to 
 15 feet above the fiat lands on the lake side. Where crossed by tlie 
 Michigan Central railroad, it is 157 feet above Lake Michigan 
 (Chicago datum) or 1T3 feet above Detroit river, or 176 feet above 
 Lake Erie.* 
 
 This is only a sample of the system of ridges found encircling all 
 the Great Lakes. They testify to a stage of the lake waters, in times 
 geologically modern, remark ably different from the stage presented 
 in human times. 
 
 Mammoth, Mastodon and Gigantic Beaver. — The remains of 
 these animals have been found at many localities in Southern Michi- 
 gan. The Mastodon has been exhumed in Lenawee and Wayne 
 counties, the Mammoth in Jackson county, and the Gigantic Beaver 
 in Oakland county. I am not aware of the actual discovery of such 
 remains in Washtenaw county, but it cannot be doubted that they 
 exist, or have existed here. Such remains always occur in beds of 
 peat and marl, and the position indicates that these now extinct 
 animals lived here within the modern period. The Gigantic Beaver 
 was five feet lung, exclusive of the tail, and its remains have been 
 found from New York to Mississippi. Antlers of the deer have 
 been exhumed in Ann Arbor, half a mile east of the University. 
 In Lenawee county, flint arrow heads were discovered at a depth of 
 seven feet in a peat marsh; which is five feet deeper than some of 
 the shallowest Mastodon deposits in the town of Tecumseh. 
 
 III. FORMATIONS OLDER THAN THE DRIFT. 
 
 Our knowledge of the character and age of the rock formations 
 underlying the Drift, can only be obtained from three sources: 1. 
 The known general trend of formations in contiguous portions of 
 the State. 2. The fragments found in the Drift. 3. Artesian bor- 
 ings. 
 
 GeneralTrend of Formations. — The following, in descending 
 order, are the formations underlying the surface of the Lower Pen- 
 insula.f 
 
 * In Mr. Bela Hubbard's Report of 1840, this ridge is said to have a uniform ele- 
 vation of 107 to 108 feet above Lake Erie (p. 104). The profile on the map of Wash- 
 tenaw county, compiled by S . W. Higgins, makes the Central railroad track where 
 it crosses the Lake Ridge, 140 feet above tlie Detroit river (stage of water unknown), 
 which is about 134 . 7 feet above Chicago datum, and about 143 feet above Lake Erie. 
 I have not had time to trace out the cause of these discrepancies . 
 
 f These formations will be found described in works on the geology of the State. 
 Seethe writer's Report, 1861; Walling's Atlas, 1873; Rominger's Report, 1876. Dr. 
 Rominger writes with the Marshall (or Waverly) Group, all the Huron Group ex- 
 cept the Black Shales constituting the lower part . The correctness of this procedure 
 remains to be confirmed. Moreover, he applies to the Corniferous Group (so 
 called by Dana) the name Helderberg Group, which Prof. Dana had previously- 
 employed as indicated in the above table. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTS. 163 
 
 r Super Drift. 
 Post Tertiary. <{ j...^ ( Modified Drift. 
 
 rWoodville Sandstone. 
 rCoal Measures. < Coal Measures proper. 
 Carboniferous j LParma Sandstone (Tlie " Conglomerate"). 
 
 System. 1 Tr,wor f Carboniferous Limestone. 
 
 L Carboniferous 1 Michigan Salt Group, 
 uaroomierous. [^Ma^shall Group (The " Waverly"). 
 
 f Huron Group ("Chemung" and "Portage")- 
 Devonian System. -j Hamilton Group. 
 
 LCorniferous Group. 
 (Lower Helderberg Group. 
 Upper Silmian System. \ Salina Group. 
 
 L Niagara Group. 
 
 The Corniferous Limestone comes to the surface in many parts 
 of Monroe county, as also in the southeastern part of Wayne. A 
 study of the general geology of the State shows that the formation 
 dips from these regions, under nearly the whole Peninsula, and 
 reappears at the surface in the extreme northern part. The Ham- 
 ilton Group is highly calcareous in Northern Ohio and the islands 
 contiguous to Michigan, and in our own State it seems to be struct- 
 urally confounded with the Corniferous. Many characteristic Ham- 
 ilton fossils, however, occur in Southeastern Michigan as well as in 
 place on Kelley's and other islands, and in Western Ontario. This 
 formation also dips under the Peninsula, and re-appears in a belt 
 arching from Thunder Ba^- to Little Traverse Bay. The clays of 
 the Huron Group are well developed in Branch, Kalamazoo and 
 Allegan counties, and, like the two previous formations, re-appear 
 in the north. The strongly marked sandstones of the Marshall 
 Group outcrop in Lenawee, Hillsdale, Jackson and Calhoun coun- 
 ties, and re-appear at Pt. aux Barques, and in Ottawa and Kent 
 counties. The Carboniferous Limestone is found in Kent, Eaton, 
 Calhoun, Jackson and Huron counties, above the Marshall sand- 
 stones; and all the evidences show that it underlies a great portion 
 of the central part of the Peninsula. Above all these, the Coal 
 Measures outcrop in Ingham, Livingston and Jackson counties. 
 
 But none of these formations outcrop in Washtenaw. As, how- 
 ever, the Corniferous lies on the southeast, and the Coal Measures 
 on the northwest of Washtenaw, we know the Hamilton, Huron, 
 Marshall, Salt Group and Carboniferous Limestone must have their 
 places of outcrop, beneath the Drift, in due order, between the south- 
 eastern and northwestern angles of the county. As the Corniferous- 
 Hamilton, consisting of hard limestones, must probably be traceable 
 by visible outcrops as far northward as the formation actually 
 extends, we may fairly conclude that Washtenaw is nowhere imme- 
 diately underlaid by these limestones. The Huron shales, there- 
 fore, cover the southeastern angle of the county. From northern 
 Lenawee and southern Jackson, the Marshall sandstone must there- 
 fore trend through the southeastern middle of the county. Also, 
 
164 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 from Spring Arbor and Leoni in Jackson county, the Carboniferous 
 Limestone must trend, underneath the Drift, through the north- 
 western middle of the county. The Salt G-roup must lie between 
 the two last mentioned formations; that is, it must pass diagonally 
 nearly through the center of the county. Such inferences illustrate 
 the anomalous fact that the geology of a region must sometimes be 
 studied through observations far removed from the region. 
 
 Fragments found in the Drift. — The indications from this 
 source are very uncertain, in consequence of the transportation to 
 which all Drift materials have been subject. In Southern Michi- 
 gan, as I have shown, some movements from the South, in the 
 period of Modified Drift, were the reverse of normal Drift move- 
 ments. Nevertheless, rock-masses as destructible as gypsum could 
 not have been far transported from any direction ; and when we 
 find them strewn through the center of the county, and occurring 
 also in the southwest corner of Oakland, as they do, we may pre- 
 sume that the gypsum-bearing formation (the Michigan Salt 
 Group) sweeps across the county diagonally and centrally. This 
 conclusion is strengthened by the existence of salt springs along the 
 border of the same belt of country, of which the most notorious are 
 those before mentioned, in the town of Saline. This being admit- 
 ted, the Carboniferous Limestone must be located in a belt a little 
 further northwest ;"and the occasional occurrence of the peculiar fos- 
 sils of this formation lends confirmation to the inference. Yet it 
 must be admitted the sparseness of these fossils, in view of the close 
 proximity of the formation, is an indication of limited breadth of 
 outcrop. 
 
 Artesian Borings. — The deepest exploration of this kind which 
 has been made in the county was undertaken on Main street, Ann 
 Arbor, opposite the court-house, about ten years ago. The follow- 
 ing is a statement of results compiled from observations made by 
 the writer, combined with notes furnished by G. Q. "Watkins, the 
 superintendent of the work. 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ARTESIAN BOEING, ANN AEBOE, 1871. 
 
 163 
 
 At 
 
 deptn 
 
 ol 
 
 Thick- 
 ness. 
 
 Thick- 
 ness 01 
 Group. 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 65 
 131 
 131^ 
 160 
 
 30 
 101 
 
 4 
 
 Q 
 
 164 
 
 Soil, gravel, etc. 
 
 Clay, bluish and adhesive, with alternating seams of quicksand. 
 
 Bottom of shaft and beginning of boring. 
 
 Quicksand, rendering tubing necessary. 
 
 Compactly bedded shale-like materials. Tubed to here. 
 
 Partially cemented sand. Drove two more lengths of pipe. 
 
 164 
 
 215 
 
 3151^ 
 330 
 
 326 
 
 51 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 g 
 
 < 
 
 2 
 
 D 
 
 a 
 166 
 
 Shale, light bluish, varying to dark-gray, not effervescing with 
 acid, fine, laminated, with minute disseminated scales of 
 white mica. Some portions — apparently thin seams— huf- 
 fish, rather hard, very slightly effervescing with acid. Drove 
 4 ft. more of pipe to this shale. Water from shaft was 
 shut off. A little water continued to appear in the pipe. 
 
 Crevice. Fresh water rose immediately to within 35 or 30 feet 
 of the surface. 
 
 Shale, as above the crevice. 
 
 A cavity from which issued inflammable gas, and a little black 
 oil. 
 
 Black shale, not efEervesoing with acids. 
 
 330 
 
 366 
 393 
 
 63 
 
 36 
 35 
 
 123 
 
 Sandstone, dun, earthy, porous, actively efEervescing with acid. 
 Contains brine. At a depth of 3 ft. in it, a sample of brine 
 stands 50" salometer. 
 
 Same rock continuing, but more distinctly arenaceous- 
 
 Fine bufflsh, calciferous or magnesian sandrock,^about one- 
 fourth dissolving in sulphuric acid. 
 
 Brine here 64° salometer. 
 
 437 
 430 
 
 433 
 
 440 
 
 453 
 469 
 
 13 
 
 39 
 
 351 
 
 1 
 
 la 
 o 
 
 K 
 
 w 
 393 
 
 Shale, argillaceous, bluish. The sand pump brings, with chips 
 of shale, much sand. 
 
 Shale continuing. Water lowers to 40 ft. from surface. Brine 
 here 68" salometer. 
 
 Shale continuing. Sand pump brings up no sediment. 
 
 SUicious shale, excessively fine, compact, bluish-gray, accom- 
 panied by gas which caused an overflow of water at the top 
 of the well. Water afterward subsided, but some gas con- 
 tinued to escape. 
 
 Same continuing. When lighted paper is thrown down, nu- 
 merous detonations occur in the well. 
 
 Silico-argillaceous shale, not efEervescing. Some beds of black, 
 
 720 
 
 745 
 755 
 
 
 2 « 
 
 B o 
 o 
 
 bituminous shale. 
 Limestone (with ferruginous specks) apparently somewhat 
 
 cherty. 
 Chips of earthy magnesian limestone with some sand. 
 Chips quite sandy, with magnesian limestone, iron and clay. 
 
 Work discontinued. 
 
 These results may be interpreted with considerable certainty, as 
 shown in the third column of the table. It appears that the Drift 
 attains a remarkable thickness, and that some of the lower portion 
 (at 131i feet) is so indurated as to be easily mistaken for the " bed- 
 rock." As the University campus is about 86 feet higher than 
 Main street, the depth of the Drift under the University would be 
 250 feet, and under the Observatory, 292 feet. It is not admissible 
 to assume any considerable excavation in the surface of the Michi- 
 gan Salt Group, and thus a local thickening of the Drift, since we 
 find the whole normal thickness of the Salt Group present. The 
 
Ifi6 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Michigan Salt Group presents, also, about its usual characters. 
 This formation is the home of the gypsum found occasionally in 
 the overlying Drift. Actual exploration, therefore, confirms the 
 conclusion indicated on other grounds, that the salt formation 
 passes under the center of the county. This is also the origin of 
 brine, but in places where the formation is compact, no brine can 
 accumulate. None was observed in this boring. The next forma- 
 tion below, the Marshall sandstone, is everywhere the brine-reser- 
 voir from which supplies are obtained. We have here the full 
 normal thickness of the Marshall sandstone. Below this, at 427 
 feet, the drill entered abruptly the series of shales constituting 
 the Huron Group, which I have heretofore parallelized with the 
 Chemung and Portage Groups of Ontario and New York, inclu- 
 sive of the notorious Black Shale. The thickness here developed 
 is extraordinarily low, since at 469 feet the drill entered a series 
 of limestones, presenting the characters of the Hamilton-Cornifer- 
 ous„as the formation presents itself at the surface, in Monroe 
 county. 
 
 The brine obtained from the well was similar in constitution to 
 that of the generality of wells in the Saginaw valley. It cannot 
 be supposed that 68° indicates the strongest brine obtainable from 
 the well. This degree of strength, however, implies about 17.48 
 per cent, of solid matter, and 34 gallons of water to one bushel of 
 solid matter. An analysis of the solid residue was made by Mr. 
 J. R. Jones, with the following result: 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Iron (in the residue after evaporation) 2.506 
 
 Magnesium chloride 3.976 
 
 Calcium chloride , . 14.033 
 
 Sodium chloride (common salt) 79.496 
 
 Total 100.000 
 
 The following is a comparison with brine of East Saginaw: 
 
 E. Saginaw. Ann Arlor. 
 Percentage solid matter in brine 33.157 17.48 
 
 Percentage of ' ' salt " in solid matter 76.143 79.496 
 
 Percentage of other constituents 28.857 20.504 
 
 100.000 100.000 
 
 The strength indicated by the salometer was equal to that of 
 some brines used in the manufacture of salt; but at Ann Arbor, 
 the cost of fuel would limit the process to solar evaporation. It 
 is hi^ly probable, however, that stronger brine existed at the bot- 
 tom of the well. No adequate means were employed to obtain 
 this brine, or to test the volume of the supply. In fact, little 
 interest was felt in the result, when it became demonstrated that 
 
'^f > 
 
 
 
 Ct^^jT^' 
 
HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 169 
 
 only salt water could be obtained.* The experiment showed that 
 Ann Arbor is a far better locality than Grand Eapids for the man- 
 ufacture of salt. Lucius Lyon manufactured salt many years ago 
 at Grand Eapids, from brine, which marked about 22° by the salom- 
 eter. James Scribner, in 1859, used brine which stood at 20°. The 
 brine generally at Grand Eapids, ranges from. 20° to 30°, but the 
 manufacture has long since stopped. The Onondaga brines range 
 from 63° to 68". Not unfrequently the strength runs down (at Liv- 
 erpool) to 60,° 55° and even 53°, while at Syracuse it sometimes 
 runs up to 70°. The Kanawha brines have a strength of 40° to 
 50°. The Saginaw brines range from 80° to 90°; but the impuri- 
 ties constitute several degrees of the nominal strength. 
 
 I have, also, the following record of a shallow boring made on 
 W. i "N.E. i section 34, York: 
 
 a 
 •dO 
 
 ShoO 
 
 as 
 
 TMck- 
 ness ol 
 Forma- 
 tion. 
 
 Descriptions. 
 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 Soil, subsoil and sand. 
 
 Clay, boulders and some sand. Clay firm, sometimes dark. 
 
 110 
 
 112 
 
 
 5 ^ 
 
 Shale, very dark. 
 Same continuing. 
 
 Here the terrestrial surface is about 78 feet lower than Main 
 street, Ann Arbor, while the Drift is found only 54 feet shallower. 
 This shows that the " bed-rock " is 24 feet higher at this locality 
 than in Ann Arbor. The dark shale struck at 110 feet may probably 
 be regarded as the Huron shale, and hence it would follow that this 
 locality is beyond the outer border of the Marshall sandstone. The 
 outcrop of the Huron Group, therefore, cuts across the southeast 
 corner of Washtenaw county. 
 
 By these various means we approximate a correct geological 
 map of the county. 
 
 IV. GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY. 
 
 We may conclude this account with a brief sketch of the succes- 
 sion of geological events which have taken place within the limits 
 known in our times as Washtenaw county. We need not go 
 farther back than the ages when the materials of which our under- 
 lying rocks are formed were accumulating as sediments in the 
 bottom of an ocean which had no shore upon the south, and was 
 
 *This was predicted by the writer when consulted on the subject. A supply of 
 fresh water for the city was a great desideratum, and a private company resolved at 
 all hazards to sink the well for the purpose of demonstrating the character of the 
 underlying formations. It was also foretold, on geological grounds, that no water 
 could rise to the surface, since the hydrostatic pressure would be wanting. 
 11 
 
170 HISTOET 0T<' WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 bounded on the north by the highlands north of Georgian Bay and 
 Lake Huron. This situation continued to the close of the Cornif- 
 erous period, when an uplift of sea-bottom revealed land along the 
 southern boundary of the State, which connected by a broad isth- 
 mus with a land area expanded in Southern Ohio at an epoch 
 perhaps somewhat earlier. Washtenaw county was still sea-bottom, 
 and only began to emerge as, in succeeding periods, the land area 
 just named rose higher, and extended its borders northward. At 
 the beginning of the formation of the great coal deposits, Washte- 
 naw county was dry land. So was the entire border region of the 
 Lower Peninsula; but all the central portion remained as a marsh 
 over which was enacted that historj' which ended in the formation 
 of the coal-beds and associated rocks. Washtenaw county was 
 drained northward ; and it may be a reminiscence of that state of 
 things which we see in the higlier altitude of the bed rock in York 
 than in Ann Arbor. After the end of the coal-making time, the 
 whole Peninsula was upland. Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie and 
 Ontario did not exist; but a stream iiowed along the tracts which 
 have become the site of these lakes. A great geological feon 
 passed while such a condition of the surface existed. We know 
 that it was a vast succession of ages marked by mild climates, 
 luxuriant vegetation, and active animal populations progressively 
 advancing in the scale of being. Not the faintest trace of all this 
 history has been preserved in Washtenaw county, nor in any other 
 part of the State. It was the Mesozoic seon. Still another geo- 
 logic age rolled by. It was the Tertiary. We know from records 
 elsewher,e preserved, that it was marked by the enormous develop- 
 ment of mammalian quadrupeds, and the shrinkage of the hordes 
 of reptiles which had crawled here in the Mesozoic seon. There 
 were forests like our own, and I imagine the whole aspect of 
 Washtenaw county must have been much like that presented to the 
 first civilized explorers here. After the lapse of many thousands 
 of years, a change began to be experienced in the climate. 
 An ago of snow and ice was coming on. In the course of time, 
 one wide glacier sheet buried the whole of Washtenaw county and 
 the entire Northwest. Where the verdant forest had stood, and 
 the huge mastodon had browsed from its foliage, now a scene of 
 desolation prevailed like that which covers the surface of Green- 
 land in our own day. Other ages passed by, and a geological 
 spring-time appeared. The ice-sheet, which had been probably a 
 mile in thickness, rapidly dissolved. The rocky and earthy frag- 
 ments held in its embrace were let down, to become the bed of 
 "boulder drift" which I have described. The rushing and eddy- 
 ing streams which sprang from the dissolving ice exerted that 
 action which resulted, at least in part, in that overlying bed of 
 confusedly stratified material which I have described as " Modified 
 Drift. A little later than this we have to picture the country as 
 flooded to an enormous extent. The barrier to the outlet of the 
 great lake- waters had not yet been worn down at the present mouth 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 171 
 
 of the Niagara river, and the water set back as one continuous 
 lake, from the bluffs at Lewiston to Monroe — to Detroit — to 
 Chicago. A broad channel continued from the present site of 
 Saginaw Bay up the Shiawassee valley, into the valley of the Grand 
 river, and thence to Lake Michigan. All the portion of our 
 Peninsula north of that remained an island. The great " lake 
 ridge " which runs through Washtenaw county shows that the 
 water stood here 156 feet above the present level of Lake Michigan, 
 or 175 feet above the present Lake Erie. Inland from this bar- 
 riers existed, on the south, which partly dammed, for the time, the 
 waters resulting from the melting of the glacier. It would seem 
 that the southern border of our State was still somewhat iiigher 
 than portions further north. The cold water accumulated in large 
 inland lakes over Washtenaw, Lenawee, Hillsdale and Jackson 
 counties. Severe winters congealed the surface to the depth of 
 two or three feet or more. Around the borders of these lakes, and 
 at other places where the water was shallow, the ice became firmly 
 consolidated with the underlying bed-materials. Along the south- 
 ern border, the Hamilton-Corniferous limestones occupying the 
 surface were thus attached to great ice-sheets. The return of 
 spring renewed the melting of the glacier. The inland lakes 
 received new accessions of water. Their icy coverings were 
 uplifted, and huge tables of stratified limestone, to which they were 
 attached, were wrenched from their fastenings and floated. Spring- 
 time brought south winds, and great ice-rafts with their freight of 
 rocks were sometimes floated many miles northward. Here their 
 loads of Corniferous limestone, as the ice dissolved, were deposited; 
 and in such situations we find them to this day — a puzzling phe- 
 nomenon which I have thus ventured to explain. 
 
 Bat time wore on, and the escaping waters everywhere wore 
 deeper their channels. As the gorge of Niagara progressed, the 
 level of the Great Lakes was lowered. The outlets of the great 
 interior lakes becoming deepened, the lakes were gradually drained. 
 The valleys of the Huron, Raisin and Saline rivers denote the 
 positions of the principal drainage- ways. The mammoth and 
 mastodon and great beaver were here; and man, probably of a Mon- 
 goloid type, pursued these beasts with weapons of flint. Innumer- 
 able lakes of smaller dimensions still remained, the consequences of 
 the feeble slope presented by the general surface. While the peats 
 were accumulating about their borders, many a clumsy probos- 
 cidean became mired, and left his bones to testify to us of his 
 former presence. Or, perhaps, perishing in some ravine, a sum- 
 mer flood floated his carcass into a lake, since filled with peat. 
 The modern aspect of our country was rapidly dawning. Time 
 advanced, and the tilling of many of our lakelets became complete. 
 The civilized man at length arrived. He displaced the wild beasts 
 and the wild men. He labored for half a century to establish him- 
 self in peace and comfort. Meantime, he pondered over the relics 
 of the past which were everywhere around him. His thoughts 
 
112 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COtTNTT. 
 
 were carried over a long history. Through the vista of vanished 
 ages, events revealed themselves to his vision in ever-increasing 
 vividness. The stream of years became illnminated. One who 
 had glimpsed this majestic flow of events seized his pen and left 
 recorded the vision as it was revealed to him. 
 
CHAPTEK V. 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 BY ADOLPHE B. COVERT. 
 
 BIRDS. 
 
 This catalogue of 257 birds includes with a few exceptions those 
 species only which are well established and known to appear every 
 season. All species mentioned here have been taken in the county 
 except one [Dendroioa dominiGo). Some species have been 
 mentioned which may never appear again, as for instance the 
 Summer Eed-bird {Pyranga mstiva), still it may yet become a 
 common summer resident. The Connecticut w&rhXev {Oporornis 
 agilis) apparently entered the State but a few years ago, and a few 
 years hence will be a common migrant here. It will be seen from 
 the following list that our birds may be divided into three classes — 
 those feeding entirely on animal matter, those whose food consists 
 entirely of vegetable substances, and those which eat both. The 
 latter class is the greatest, and the class feeding on animal matter 
 is larger than the vegetarians. Although this list gives upward 
 of 100 species not heretofore accredited to this county, it must not 
 be regarded as complete, as I am confident that many more will yet 
 be added to it. 
 
 There is a peculiar interest attached to the avifauna of this State 
 which has not received the attention from ornithologists which it 
 deserves. "We have no systematic work, and but few lists of the birds 
 of this State; but with such men as Dr. H. A. Atkins, of Locke, 
 Ingham county; Dr. Morris Gibbs, of Kalamazoo; Hon. D. Darwin 
 Hughes, Mr. W. H. Hughes and Charles W. Gunn, of Grand 
 Rapids; W. H. Collens and Mr. Charles Mummery, of Detroit; 
 Jerome Trombly, of Petersburg; and Mr. A. H. Boies, of Hudson, 
 these difiSculties which now beset our path will soon be swept away. 
 
 Family Tuedid^. 
 
 Turdus migratoriios. — Robin. Spring, summer and fall resi- 
 dent; sometimes remains all winter, very abundant. 
 
 Turdus mustelinus. — Wood Thrush. Summer resident; com- 
 mon. 
 
 Turdus pallasi. — Hermit Thrush. Abundant spring and fall 
 visitor; has been found breeding. 
 
 TuTdu,s swainsoivi. — Olive-backed Thrush. Yery common in 
 spring and autumn. 
 
 ^ (173) 
 
174 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Turdits fuscescens. — Wilson's Thrush. A common spring 
 visitor; sometimes nests with us. 
 
 Mimus carolinensis. — Catbird. Summer resident; very abun- 
 dant. 
 
 Harporhynehus ruf/.is.— Brown Thrush. Thrasher. A common 
 summer resident. 
 
 The Eobin and Catbird frequent the orchards and gardens, nest- 
 ing about the door-j'ards, and prefer these places to the woods. The 
 Brown Thrush is found in. thickets of hazel brush, briars, etc., 
 which skirt old fences and the edge of woods, and generally nest in 
 brush heaps. The remainder of the family are confined to the wood- 
 land. Their food consists of beetles, grasshoppers, snails, spiders, 
 caterpillars, etc., together with small fruits and berries. 
 
 Family SAXicoLiDiE. 
 
 Sialia sialis. — Bluebird. A very abundant spring, summer and 
 fall resident. It is found everywhere, nesting in bird-houses, fence 
 posts, decayed trees, and feeds on winged insects, worms, grass- 
 hoppers, spiders and a scant proportion of berries. 
 
 Family Sylviadjs. 
 
 Regulus calendula. — Ruby-crowned Kinglet; is a spring and fall 
 visitor, and is frequently found in winter. 
 
 Hegulus satrapa. — Golden-crowned Kinglet; is abundant in 
 spring and fall. 
 
 Poliojptila ceridea. — Blue-gray Gnatcatcher; is a summer res- 
 ident. Very common. 
 
 These sub-families are, strictly speaking, woodland birds, seldom 
 found elsewhere. The Kinglets nest to the north of us, while the 
 Gnatcatcher frequents onr woods, building its nest on the high 
 branches of the different oaks, " a structure which cannot fail to 
 excite our wonder and admiration. Excepting the Humming- 
 bird's nest none can compare with this exquisite specimen of bird 
 architecture, cunningly contrived to combine elegance with comfort, 
 artfully rendered substantial without sacrifice of good taste, and 
 ingeniously screened from observation by the same means that are 
 employed for its ornamentation. True to its aspirations, the bird 
 nestles high in trees, usually at least 20 yards from the ground, 
 placing the fabric among slender twigs, to which it is woven, often 
 at the extremity of a bough which sways with the wind. To insure 
 the safety of its contents during the motion to which it is thus 
 subjected, it is built remarkably deep, and contracted at the orifice, 
 so that the cavity is somewhat purse-shaped, and the general shape 
 outside is like that of a truncated cone. It seems large for the size 
 of the bird; it is sometimes three and a half inches in height, and 
 nearly as many in width at the base, with a diameter of two inches 
 at the brim. The walls are closely and warmly matted or felted 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 175 
 
 with the softest vegetable material, the decomposed fiber of various 
 plants, thistle-down and the like substances, in some cases woven 
 with spider's web. The structure is artistically finished with 
 stucco-work of lichens all over the outside, which serves the double 
 purpose of perfecting its beauty and making it resemble a natural 
 excrescence. In such an elegant cradle eggs are laid, to the number 
 of four, five, or even six, measuring scarcely three-fifths of an inch 
 in length and less than half an inch in their greatest diameter; 
 white in color, speckled and dashed, generally over the whole sur- 
 face, with several shades of reddish or umber brown and lilac. In 
 such a secure home as this the Blue-gray Flycatcher usually rears 
 its brood unmolested; it has little to fear except from the Cowbird 
 and from the ornithologist, against which enemies no art avails. 
 The parasitic bird might have its own excuse to ofier, could its 
 motive be called in question ; the other may apologize, after a 
 fashion, by averring that even this slight sketch of the Blue-gray 
 Gnatcatcher's life could not be finished had the nest never been 
 rifled." — {Coues.) The food of these delicate and beautiful little 
 fairies of our woods consists mainly of small caterpillars, mosquitoes, 
 eggs of insects, etc. 
 
 Family Paeid^. 
 
 Pans atricapilltis. — Titmouse or Black- capped Chickadee. Feeds 
 upon insects, seeds, crumbs, meat, berries, etc., and generally nests 
 in the wood, where it makes its home for the greater part of the 
 year, but during the winter it is seen about our doors feeding on 
 the crumbs from the table. 
 
 Family Sittid^. 
 
 Sitta carolensis. — "White- bellied Nuthatch; is a very common 
 resident. 
 
 Sitta canadensis. — Ked-bellied Nuthatch. A quite rare spring and 
 fall migrant; still some springs I find this bird very common. 
 
 These birds are found in woodlands and orchards; their nests are 
 built in holes in trees. Their food consists of ants, spiders, eggs of 
 insects, and seeds. 
 
 Family CEEXHiADiE. 
 
 SJ, . 
 
 Certhia fam'diaris. — Brown Creeper. A common spring, fall and 
 winter resident; sometimes remains with us during the summer, 
 and breeds. It is a woodland bird, seldom frequenting orchard or 
 shade trees, and feeds on insects, small beetles, seeds, etc. 
 
 Family Teoglodytid^. 
 
 Thryothorus ludovicianus.-GaxoMna, Wren. A very rare straggler 
 from the South. 
 
176 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAAV COUNTY. 
 
 ■ ThryothorushewicJcii. — Bewick's Wren. But one specimen of this 
 bird has been shot in this county to my knowledge (a male, June 
 3, 1878). 
 
 Troglodytes mdon. — House Wren; is a common summer resident, 
 but very local. We find this bird very common in some portions 
 of the county and very rare in others. 
 
 AnoHlmra troglodytes. — Winter Wren ; is a common spring and 
 fall visitor, often remaining with us during the open winters. 
 
 Telmatodytes palustris. — Long-billed Marsh Wren. A common 
 summer resident,of our marshes, building a large globular nest of 
 coarse sand grass. This is generally suspended to reeds or the 
 stems of the different flags. 
 
 Cistothorvs stellaris. — Short-billed Marsh Wren. A common sum- 
 mer resident, generally found inhabiting low meadow lands. 
 
 The birds of this family feed on spiders, grasshoppers, insects, 
 their eggs, snails, moths, etc. 
 
 Family Alaudid^. 
 
 Erernophlla alpestrls-Hovnedi. Lark. Winter resident; sometimes 
 breeds. I have found the nest the latter part of winter when snow 
 was still on the ground. 
 
 Eremophila alpestris, var. leucolcena. -Horned Lark. A common 
 resident, but daring our coldest weather it often withdraws to the 
 South; breeds in April and nests on the ground. 
 
 These birds frequent barren and gravelly fields, feeding on seeds 
 and insects. When the ground is covered with snow they may be 
 seen feeding in barn-yards, on the droppings of the stock. 
 
 Family Motacillice. 
 
 Anthus lodovicianus. — Titlark. An abundant migrant in late fall 
 and early spring, frequenting the same localities and subsisting on 
 the same food as the preceding. Late in the fall, in the town ol 
 Pittsfield, I have often found the birds in flocks of a thousand. 
 
 Family SvLvicoLiDyE. 
 
 Mniotilta varia. — Black and White Creeper. A very common 
 summer resident, nesting on the ground, generally beside a fallen 
 log. 
 
 Parula americana. — Blue Yellow-backed Warbler. Migrant, not 
 very common, generally found in the tree-tops of our swamps and 
 heavy timber land. 
 
 HelminthapJioga pinus. — Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. Sum- 
 mer resident, very rare. 
 
 Selminthophaga chrysoptera. — Blue Golden- winged Warbler. A 
 very common spring and fall migrant, frequently remaining all 
 summer, breeding in low, damp woods. 
 
HISTOET or WASHTENAW COUNTY. 177 
 
 Helminthophagarufieapilla. — ISTashville "Warbler. Aremartably 
 common migrant. 
 
 Eelminthophaga celata. — Orange-crowned Warbler. A not very 
 common migrant. 
 
 Helminthophaga peregrina . — Tennessee Warbler. A very com- 
 mon migrant, coming to ns in late spring and early fall. 
 
 Dendroeoa cestiva. — Yellow Warbler. A verj' common summer 
 resident. Breeds about our gardens in shrubs and low trees. 
 
 Dendrceca vlrens. — Black-throated Green Warbler. A very com- 
 mon migrant. 
 
 Dendrceoa cceriiJesGens. — Black-throated Blue Warbler. A very 
 common migrant. 
 
 Dendrceoa carulea. — Blue Warbler. A very common summer 
 resident breed, nesting in the tops of tall trees. 
 
 Dendrceca coronata. — Yellow-rumped Warbler. A remarkably 
 common migrant. Probably two-thirds of our warblers found in 
 the woods in early May are Yellow-rumps. This bird is also a rare 
 summer resident. 
 
 Dendrc&Ga hlackburnice. — Blackburnian Warbler. A common 
 spring and fall visitor. 
 
 Dendrceoa striata.- S[a.(ik-Tpo\\ Warbler. The last of our 
 warblers to arrive in the spring when it comes in immense num- 
 bers. Every tree-top seems to contain two or three. Early in 
 September this bird again returns to us on its way to its winter 
 home. 
 
 Dendrosca, Gastanea. — Bay-breasted Warbler. A not very com- 
 mon migrant; still I have never failed to find it about the middle 
 of May when on the way to its summer haunts. 
 
 Dendroeca jpennsylvanica. — Chestnut-sided Warbler. A common 
 summer resident, breeds generally, building its nest in hazel brush. 
 
 Dendroeoa, maGulosa. — Black and Yellow Warbler. A common 
 spring visitor, sometimes stays with us all summer. 
 
 DendrcBGa tigrina. — Cape May Warbler. Not common ; comes 
 to us in May when the apple-trees are in flower. I have found 
 more specimens in orchards than elsewhere. 
 
 DendrceGa discolor. — Prairie Warbler. I have never taken but 
 few, and regard the bird as rare in this State. 
 
 Dendraeca dominica. — Yellow-throated Warbler. I cannot learn 
 that this bird has ever been shot in this county, still I have taken 
 it in other portions of the State and I think it will yet be detected 
 here. 
 
 Dendrceoa hirtlandvi. — Kirtland's Warbler. Of this rare bird 
 but eleven specimens have ever been taken by naturalists. Of this 
 number I have had the pleasure to secure two, — both specimens 
 being shot in the town of Scio on May 15, 1875, and May 16, 1879, 
 respectively . 
 
 Dendrceoa palmariim. — Yellow Red-poll Warbler. Common in 
 spring and fail. 
 
178 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Dendrmoa jpinus. — Pine-creeping Warbler. Rare summer resi- 
 dent in this oonntj; common in other portions of the State. 
 
 Sciurus auricapUlus. — Golden-crowned Thrush or Oven Bird. 
 Very common summer resident, frequents rather low, open woods 
 or groves. 
 
 Soiurus ncevitis. — Water Thrush. JS^ot a common summer resi- 
 dent; breeds. 
 
 Soiurus motaollla. — Large-billed Water Thrush. A very com- 
 mon summer resident, breeds abundantly in swampy timber lands. 
 
 Oporornis agiUs. — Connecticut Warbler. I have secured one 
 specimen in this county. May 17, 1880. I find no record of any 
 ever being shot in this State before 1879, and I think the bird will 
 yet be common here, as we have suitable localities for it. It is a 
 very beautiful songster. 
 
 Geothlypis trichas. — Maryland Yellow-throat. A very common 
 summer resident. 
 
 Geothlypls Philadelphia. — Mourning Warbler. This handsome 
 bird is rare in this county. I have a record of but three specimens; 
 still it is common in other sections of the State. 
 
 Myiodlctes mitratus. — Hooded Fly-catching Warbler. In my 
 investigation I have found this bird to be a very rare summer resi- 
 dent, but I think it will yet be found common in some portion of 
 the county. 
 
 My Iodides pusillus. — Black-capped Fly catching Warbler. Very 
 common during the spring and autumn; some remain with us all 
 summer. 
 
 Myiodictes canadensis. — Canada Fly-catching Warbler. A very 
 common migrant, frequently remaining all summer. 
 
 Setophaga. ruticilla. — Kedstart. A very common summer 
 resident. 
 
 This interesting family, the second largest of North American 
 birds, is mostly confined to the woodland, though a portion may be 
 observed during spring and fall in the gardens and shade trees of 
 towns and cities. Their principal food consists of insects, of which 
 they devour a countless number. Birds of the genera Mniotilta 
 and Parula are creeping warblers; those of the genus Helmin- 
 thophaga are worm-eating warblers; of the genus Dendroeca are 
 wood warblers; of the genera Sciurus, Oporornis and Geothlypisare 
 ground warblers; of the genera Myiodioctes and Setophaga are 
 fly-catching warblers,— beautiful little winged genera coming to us 
 in May when all nature is adorned in the brightest livery. "They 
 visit the orchard when the apple and pear, the peach, plum and 
 cherry are in bloom, seeming to revel carelessly amid the sweet- 
 scented and delicately-tinted blossoms, but never faltering in their 
 good work. They peer into the crevices of the bark, scrutinize 
 each leaf, and explore the very heart of the buds, to detect, drag 
 forth, and destroy those tiny creatures, singly so insignificant but 
 yet collectively a scourge, which prey upon the hope of the fruit- 
 grower, and which, if undisturbed, would bring his care to nought. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. ] 79 
 
 Family Tanagbidji;. 
 
 Pyranga rubra. — Scarlet Tan ager. Summer visitor, very common. 
 
 Pyranga cestiva. — Summer Red-bird. I find a record of but one 
 specimen being shot in this State; that specimen I had the pleasure • 
 of securing. It was a fine male, taken on July 13, 1879. This bird 
 must be regarded as a rare accidental visitor from the South. 
 
 Family HiEUNDiNiDiE. 
 
 Hirundo horreorum. — Barn Swallow. Very common summer 
 resident. 
 
 Tachycineta iicolor. — White-bellied Swallow. Common summer 
 resident. 
 
 Petrochelidon h/nifrons.— CliS or Eave Swallow. Common sum- 
 mer resident. 
 
 Cotyle riparia. — Banker Sand Swallow. A common summer resi- 
 dent in suitable localities. 
 
 Progne purpurea. — Purple Martin. Formerly a common summer 
 resident, but is being driven out by the English Sparrow {Parser 
 domesticus). 
 
 Birds of this family feed exclusively upon winged insects, and the 
 amount of good done by them must forever remain unknown. 
 
 Family AnPELiDiE. 
 
 Ampelis garrulus. — Bohemian Waxwing. A very rare visitor, 
 coming to us from the JNorth. I have never met the bird but once, 
 when I secured three specimens, Dec. 12, 1869. 
 
 Ampelis cedrorum. — Carolina Waxwing or Cherry Bird. A com- 
 mon resident, breeding in August and September. 
 
 The food of these birds consists of fruit, such as apples, cherries 
 and berries of the mountain ash and juniper. In the spring they 
 feed on beetles, moths, and caterpillars. 
 
 Family Yieeonid^. 
 
 Vireo olivaceus. — Red-eyed Vireo. An abundant summer resi- 
 dent, frequenting our orchards. 
 
 Vireo philadelphicus — Brotherly-love Vireo. A very rare mi- 
 grant. 
 
 Vireo gilvus. — Warbling Vireo. A common summer resident. 
 Probably two-thirds of the small birds seen about our apple-trees 
 throughout the summer are of this species. Too much cannot be 
 said in their favor. 
 
 Vireo fiavifrons. — Yellow-throated Vireo. A common summer 
 resident of our woods and groves. 
 
 Vireo soUtarius. — Solitary Vireo. A not common migrant gen- 
 erally, although some seasons it is very common. 
 
180 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Vireo novehoniGeJisis. — White-eyed Yireo. I now regard this 
 bird as a rare summer resident, although a few years ago it was 
 quite common. 
 
 The birds of this family are found mostly in the woodlands. The 
 •Warbling Yireo is quite common in towns and cities, and the 
 White-eyed Vireo is found along our streams, inhabiting the thick- 
 ets; their food consists almost wholly of insects, of which caterpillars 
 form a large portion. 
 
 Family Lanidjs. 
 
 Collurio horeaMs. — Great JSTorthern Shrike, or Butcher-bird. A 
 not common winter resident. This bird also sometimes remains with 
 us to breed. I have found it nesting here twice. 
 
 Collurio ludoviGiamis. — Losfgerhead Shrike. A common summer 
 resident, sometimes remaining all winter. 
 
 Collurio ludovioianus, var. exouhitorides .—WhMQ-vnva^Q^ Shrike. 
 Summer resident, common. 
 
 The Shrikes or Butcher-birds form a small but interesting family 
 of bold and spirited birds, quarrelsome among themselves. Tlieir 
 habits in some respects resemble those of the birds of prey ; their 
 food consists of large insects, mice and small birds. They are noted 
 for impaling their prey on thorns or sharp twigs and leaving it 
 sticking tliere, but for what purpose yet remains a mystery to orni- 
 thologists. Taken as a whole I regard the bird as beneficial. 
 
 Family Fbingillid^. 
 
 Pinioola enucleator.- — Pine Grosbeak; is an occasional winter vis- 
 itor. My last record of his presence was in the winter oflS74-"r5. 
 
 Carjpodacus purpureus. — Purple Finch. A very common mi- 
 grant. 
 
 Curmrostra Uucoptera. — White-winged Crossbill. A rare winter 
 visitor. 
 
 C^crvirostra americana.- — Eed Crossbill. A very rare winter 
 visitor. My only records are March 18 to 27, 1869, and winter of 
 1874:-'76, when they were common. 
 
 , ^giothus linarius. — Red-poll Linnet. A very irregular winter 
 visitor, but very common with us. 
 
 JEgiothus linarius, var. exilipes. — American Mealy Eed-poll. 
 Eare, always found associating with the last. 
 
 Chrysomitris pinus. — Pine Linnet. A winter visitor from the 
 North. 
 
 Chrysoviitris tristls. — Goldfinch or Yellow-bird. Avery com- 
 mon resident. 
 
 Plectrophanes Jiivalii-.—Snow Bunting. A common, but irreg- 
 ular winter visitor. 
 
 Plectrophanes fo^^^omce^s.— Lapland Longspnr. Winter visitor. 
 Common. 
 
HISTORY OF AVASHTENAW COUNTY. 181 
 
 Passerculus savanna. — Savanna Sparrow. A coinmon migrant. 
 
 Povecetes graminous. — Bay- winged Bunting. A very common 
 spring, summer and fall visitor. 
 
 Coturniculus passerinus. — Yellow-winged Sparrow. A rare sum- 
 mer resident. 
 
 Coturniculus hensJowii. — Henslow's Sparrow. A very rare 
 summer visitor. 
 
 Melospiza Uncohiii. — Lincoln's Sparrow. A very rare migrant. 
 
 Melosplza paltistris. — Swamp Sparrow. A common migrant, 
 but rare summer resident. 
 
 Melospiza melodla. — Song Sparrow. A common spring, sum- 
 mer and fall resident. 
 
 Junco hyemalis. — Snowbird. A very common winter resident. 
 Has been known to breed. 
 
 Splzella monticola. — A common winter resident. 
 
 Spizella socialis. — Chipping Sparrow. A very common snm- 
 mer resident. 
 
 Splzella pusilla. — Field Sparrow. A common summer resi- 
 dent. 
 
 Splzella pallida. — Clay-colored Sparrow. A very rare migrant. 
 
 Zonatrichla alMcollis. — White-throated Sparrow. A very com- 
 mon migrant. Have found it nesting here once. 
 
 Zonotrlchla leucophrys. — "White-crowned Sparrow. A common 
 migrant. 
 
 Chondestes grammaca. — Lark Finch. A rare, but very regular, 
 migrant. 
 
 Passer domesticus. — English Sparrow. This detestable bird is 
 an imported resident. A few pair first made their appearance here 
 in 1873: the streets of Ann Arbor are now overrun with them, and 
 they are gradually making their way to the country. Wherever 
 they locate they drive out the martin, blue-bird, swallows, spar- 
 rows, etc. They are a seed-eating bird, and in portions of Europe 
 do great damage to the crops of the farmer. In some of the East- 
 ern States a bounty has already been placed on their heads, and the 
 Legislature of Michigan would do a wise thing by making an effort 
 to exterminate this growing evil now. 
 
 Passerella iliaca. — Fox Sparrow. A very common spring and 
 fall visitor. 
 
 Exvspiza amerlcana. — Black-throated Bunting. A few years 
 ago this bird was regarded as a rare summer visitor. In the spring 
 of 1877 they made their first appearance, in considerable numbers, 
 since which time they have grown quite common. 
 
 Ooniaphea ludovloiana. — Kose-breasted Grosbeak. Summer 
 resident. Common. Is found breeding along our water courses, 
 in low trees and shrubs, and nesting in orchards. 
 
 Cyanospiza cyanea.- -Indigo Bird. An abundant summer 
 resident, frequenting low woodlands overrun with briars. 
 
 Pipilo erythrophtJialmus. — Towhee Bunting or Chewink. An 
 abundant spring, summer and fall visitor; frequently remains all 
 winter. 
 
182 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 This is the great graminivorous family, the largest of North 
 American birds. They are gregarious and feed entirely upon seed, 
 except during the breeding season. Those which are residents all 
 the year and those which are summer residents only subsist 
 during the breeding season and feed their young almost exclusively 
 on insects. At other times their food consists of the seeds of grass 
 and weeds. The Eose-breasted Grosbeak is the only bird known 
 to feed on the potato bug; and the White^crowned Sparrow feeds 
 on the grape-vine flea-beetle. The common Yellow-bird or Gold- 
 finch prefers the seeds of the thistle and lettuce. The Purple Finch 
 is fend of oily seed. I had a flock of twenty-two remain with me 
 about two weeks this fall, and feed on the seeds of the sunflower 
 which had grown up near the back door of my home. The Fox 
 Sparrow and Chewink scratch the ground for hybernating insects 
 and snails. The English Sparrow feeds on the seeds contained in 
 the droppings of animals. The Cross-bills feed on the seeds con- 
 tained in pine cones. 
 
 Family IcTEEiDiE. 
 
 Doliohonyx oryzivorus . — Bobolink. An abundant summer resi- 
 dent. 
 
 Molothrus peooris. — Cow-bird or Cow Blackbird; a summer 
 visitor. Frequents old pasture land and the edge of woods. Like the 
 European Cuckoo it builds no nest, but lays its eggs in the nest of 
 smaller birds, such as Warblers, Vireos and Sparrows. 
 
 Agelmus pJimniceus. — E.ed-winged Blackbird. Abundant sum- 
 mer visitor. 
 
 Sturnella magna. — Meadow Lark. A common summer visitor. 
 
 Sturnella magna, Ya,r.negleota. — Western Meadow Lark. Nota 
 rare visitor, from the West. 
 
 Icterus spurkis. Orchard Oriole. Summer resident, very 
 
 common. Generally nests in the orchards; still have found it nest- 
 ing in swamps and woods. 
 
 lotorus Baltimore. Baltimore Oriole. Summer resident. 
 
 Abundant. 
 
 Scolicophagus ferrugineus. — Eusty Grackle. Common. Ee- 
 mains with us about two weeks in the spring. 
 
 Quisoahis purpureus. — Crow Blackbird. A very common sum- 
 mer resident. 
 
 This family is decidedly gregarious, witli the exception of one or 
 two species. Even during the breeding season, when the flocks of 
 Sparrows are broken up and each family lives in independence, the 
 Starlings still associate together. Their bill of fare is composed of 
 various insects, such as caterpillars, Maj-flies, beetles, moths, crick- 
 ets, spiders, grasshoppers, etc. Also feed on grains, such as seeds 
 of weeds, corn, oats, wheat, etc. The Cow-bird destroys the eggs 
 and young of other birds. The Orioles feed to a large extent dur- 
 ing the breeding season on hairy caterpillars. I have known a sin- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 183 
 
 gle pair of these birds to destroy an entire nest of the caterpillars 
 of the codling moth in a single day. The Orioles are the least 
 graminivorous of the family; but in return for their watchful care 
 over the orchard and garden, they take their tithe of the first and 
 finest small fruits. They have also a liking for green peas, of which 
 they generally secure their share. 
 
 Family Coevid^. 
 
 Corvus corax. — Haven. Some years ago was quite common, now 
 very rare. The last specimen secured was in J 878. 
 
 Corvus americamis. — Crow. Very abundant. Can hardly be 
 called resident, as they withdraw to the south during the coldest 
 part of winter. 
 
 Oyanurus cristatus. — Blue Jay. This beautiful and well known 
 bird is a common resident. 
 
 This is the omnivorous family feeding on eggs, grubs, fruits, 
 reptiles, young birds, mice, moles, corn, caterpillars, acorns, carrion, 
 offal, etc. Taking the year through, I think the amount of good 
 done by these birds more than overbalances the damage. 
 
 Family TYEANNiDiE. 
 
 Tyrannus carolinensis. — King-Bird. Abundant summer resi- 
 dent. Frequents orchards and the edge of woodland. 
 
 Myiarchus crinitus. — Great Crested Fly-catcher. Abundant 
 summer resident of our woodland. This bird has a characteristic 
 habit of using the cast-off skin of snakes as a part of its nest. 
 
 Sayornis fusous. — Pewee or Fhoebe bird. A common summer 
 resident, resting in open buildings and under bridges. 
 
 Contopus horealis. — Olive-sided Fly-catcher. A rare migrant. 
 Nesting to the north of ns. 
 
 Contopus virens. — ^ Wood Pewee. Summer resident. Abundant. 
 A bird of the orchard and woodland. 
 
 Empidonax aoadius. — Acadian Flj'-catcher. Summer resident. 
 Rare. Has been found nesting several times. 
 
 Efrifidonax traillU. — Traill's Fly-catcher. A not common sum- 
 mer resident. Has been found nesting. 
 
 Empidonax minimus. — Least Fly-catcher. A very common 
 summer resident. 
 
 Empidonax flavvventris. — Yellow-bellied Fly-catcher. A com- 
 mon migrant, but rare summer resident. 
 
 The food of this family consists almost wholly of winged insects, 
 which it captures on the wing. The King-bird and the Pewee are 
 found in open places; the remainder of the family consists of 
 woodland birds. 
 
 Family Capeimulgid^. 
 
 Antrostomus vocifertis. — Whippoorwill. Common summer resi- 
 dent. 
 
184 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOTJNTr. 
 
 Chordeiles virgmianus. — Night-hawk. A very common summer 
 resident. 
 
 The Whippoorwill and Night-hawk capture their prey on the 
 wing. They are nocturnal in their habits. The Whippoorwill is a 
 bird of the woods, while the Night-hawk affects more open places, 
 nesting in pasture lands and frequently in corn-fields. They feed 
 on grasshoppers, moths, flies, beetles, winged insects, etc. 
 
 Family Ctpselidje. 
 
 Chmtura jpelasgia. — Chimney Swift, or Chimney Swallow. A 
 very common summer resident. !Nests in unused chimneys, barns, 
 and frequently in hollow trees. It feeds on small winged insects, 
 which it captures on the wing. 
 
 Family Teochilidje. 
 
 Trookilus Goluhris. — Kuby-throated Humming bird. This 
 beautiful little gem of emeralds and rubies is a very common sum- 
 mer resident, coming to us in May, nesting the latter part of 
 June, and leaving for its winter hotne in September. As a child, 
 I always had a passion for the Humming-bird. It ever caused a 
 thrill of delight when one of tliese glittering creatures, with its 
 soft humof flight, came out of repose all suddenly, hanging a 
 sapphire stilled upon the air; for here no wings are seen, as, like a 
 quick, bright thought, it darts, is still, and then away! " Of all 
 animated beings " says Buffon, " the Humming-bird is the most 
 elegant in form and brilliant in color. The stones and metals, 
 polished by art, are not comparable to this gem of nature; she has 
 placed it in the order of birds, but amongst the tiniest of the race 
 she has loaded it with all the gifts of which she has only imparted 
 a share to other birds; agility, nimbleness, grace and rich attire 
 all belong to this little favorite. The emerald,' the ruby and the 
 topaz glitter in her garb, which is never soiled with the dirt of 
 earth, for, leading an aerial life, it rarely touches the turf, even for 
 an instant. Always in the air, flying from flower to flower, it 
 shares their freshness and their splendor, imbibes their nectar, and 
 only inhabits those climes in which they are unceasingly renewed. 
 The Humming-bird seems to follow the sun, to advance, to retire 
 with him, and to fly on the wings of the wind in pursuit of an 
 eternal spring." The food of the Humming-bird consists of small 
 beetles, spiders and winged insects, which are captured in the corolla 
 of flowers. 
 
 Family Alcedinid^. 
 
 Ceryle aloyon. — Belted King-fisher. A common summer resi- 
 dent in suitable localities. The food of this bird consists of fish. 
 
'Ir^e^-^l '^ e/^^:^^^^ 
 
HISTOEr OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 187 
 
 Family CucuLiDiE. 
 
 Voocygus erytfirophthalmus. — Black-billed Cuckoo. An abundant 
 summer resident. A bird of the woods, but frequently seen in the 
 orchards. 
 
 Cocoygus americanus. — Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Not a common 
 summer resident ; rarely breeds. These birds feed upon hairy cat- 
 erpillars, moths, young birds, eggs, berries, beetles, etc. 
 
 Family Picid^. 
 
 Picus vUlostis. — Hairy "Woodpecker. Common resident. 
 
 Picus puhescens. — Downy Woodpecker. Common resident. 
 
 Picoides arctious. — Arctic Black- backed Woodpecker. I can 
 record but one specimen of this arctic bird for Washtenaw county; 
 Jan. 26, 1881, a male. 
 
 Sphyrapious varius. — Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Very com- 
 mon during migrations; some remain all summer. 
 
 Centurus carolinus. — Red-bellied Woodpecker. Yery common 
 resident. Breeds in heavy timber. 
 
 Melmierpes erythrocephalus. — Ked-headed Woodpecker. Gen- 
 erally a common resident; but during a portion of some winters 
 withdraws to the South. 
 
 Colaptes auratus. — Golden-winged Woodpecker. A common 
 resident. 
 
 The food of this family consists largely of wood-boring insects, 
 also fruit, green corn and berries. The Red-headed and Golden- 
 winged are frequently on the ground in search of ants. The Yel- 
 low-bellied suck the sap from apple and other trees, and have been 
 known to do great damage in some parts of America; but as they 
 remain with us but a short time during migrations, our fruit- 
 growers need have no fear. Some claim that the trees visited by 
 them seem to be benefited. 
 
 Family STEiGiciE. 
 
 Strix fiammea, var. americana. — Barn Owl. A rare straggler 
 from the South. The last specimen seen was in the spring of 
 1879. 
 
 Bubo virginianus. — Great Horned Owl. A common resident. 
 
 Scops asio. — Screech Owl. Resident, very abundant. 
 
 Otus vulgaris, var. wilsonianus. — Long-eared Owl. Common 
 resident. 
 
 Brachyotus palustris. — Short-eared Owl. Yery abundant resi- 
 dent. 
 
 Syrnium nebulosum. — Common resident. 
 
 Nyctea nwea. — Snowy Owl. Not a very rare visitor. He 
 comes from the North some winters. 
 
 Surnia ulula, 12 var. hudsonica. — Hawk Owl, A rare winter 
 visitor. 
 
 12 
 
188 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Nyctale tegmalmii, var. Eichcirdsonii. — Sparrow Owl. A rare 
 winter visitor. Oalj two specimens have been secured. 
 
 Nyctale aaadica. — Acadian Owl. A very common winter vis- 
 itor, and quite a common resident. Found nesting once here, May 
 23, 1879. 
 
 The owls are the nocturnal family of raptorial birds. Their food 
 consists of rats, mice, squirrels, rabbits, quail, partridges, small 
 birds and large insects. The Snowy Owl catches fish; the 
 Barred Owl, frogs; and the Great Horned Owl is the thief in the 
 night that visits the poultry yard. All of the smaller species must 
 be regarded as highly beneficial. 
 
 Family FALCONiDiE. 
 
 Circus cyaneus, var. hudsonius. — Marsh Hawk. A common 
 summer resident. Nests on the ground. 
 
 Elanus leucurus. — White-tailed Kite. A very rare straggler 
 from the South. Two specimens secured. 
 
 Acoipiier fuscus. — Sharp-shinned Hawk. A very common 
 migrant; a few remain all summer. 
 
 Aocipiter cooperi. — Cooper's Hawk. Resident. Abundant. 
 
 Astur atricapillus. — Goshawk. A rare winter visitor. 
 
 JBalco columharius. — Pigeon Hawk. A rare migrant. 
 
 Faloo sparverius. — Sparrow Hawk. A very common summer 
 resident. 
 
 Buteo <5orea?2s.—Ked- tailed Hawk. Resident. Abundant. 
 
 Buteo lineatus. — Red-shouldered Hawk. Resident. Common. 
 
 Buteo pennsylvanicus. — Broad- winged Hawk. Yery common 
 during migrations; an uncommon summer resident. 
 
 Buteo sivainsonii. — Swainson's Hawk. A very rare resident. 
 Found breeding once, May 5, 1880, when the eggs and female were 
 secured. 
 
 Archibuteo lagopus, var. sancti-johannis. — Rough-legged Hawk 
 or Black Hawk; very common in the fall. 
 
 Pandion haliaetus. — Fish Hawk. A common migrant; has 
 been known to breed. 
 
 Haliaetus leuoocephalus. — Bald Eagle; a not common migrant. 
 
 This is the diurnal family of birds of prey. Their food resembles 
 that of the last. The species which commonly invade the barn- 
 yard comprise the Cooper's, Goshawk, Red-tailed, Red-shouldered 
 and the Broad-winged. These carry off chickens and ducks with 
 surprising boldness. The Fish Hawk subsists entirely on fish. The 
 Bald Eagle feeds on dead animals, carrion and fish: of the latter he 
 is largely a dependent on the Fish Hawk. 
 
 Family Cathaetid^. 
 
 Cathartes aura. — Turkey Buzzard. A rare summer resident; 
 but in July and August this bird becomes quite common. These 
 
HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 18'9 
 
 are birds that have probably passed the duties of incubation in the 
 South and have come North on an autumnal visit. They feed 
 entirely upon carrion and offal. 
 
 Family OoLUMBiDiE. 
 
 Eotopistes migratorius. — Wild Pigeon. An abundant migranti 
 Sometimes breeds. 
 
 Zencedura oaroUnensis. — Carolina Dove. Resident most of the 
 year. Abundant. 
 
 The food of this family consists of various grains, berries, acorns, 
 beech- mast, wheat, corn, buckwheat, etc. 
 
 Family Meleageidje. 
 
 Meleagris gallopavo. — Wild Turkey. Formerly a common 
 resident; now very rare. The food of the Wild Turkey consists of 
 various grains, acorns, nuts, grapes, berries, grasshoppers and large 
 insects. 
 
 Family Teteaonid^. 
 
 Cupidonia cupido. — Prairie Hen. Once a common resident; 
 now very rare. 
 
 Bonasa umbellus. Puffed Grouse or Partridge. A very com- 
 mon resident. 
 
 Ortyx virginianus. — Quail or Bob-white. A common resident. 
 
 Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, various seeds, berries, worms 
 and insects form the food of this family. They also at times eat 
 the leaves and buds of various plants, together with grapes and 
 chestnuts. 
 
 Family Chaeadeidje. 
 
 Squatarola helvetica. — JBlack-bellied Plover. A rare migrant. 
 
 Charadrmis fulvus, var. virgvnious. — Golden Plover. A commoh 
 migrant. 
 
 ~^gialitis vociferus. — Kildeer Plover. Abundant summer 
 resident. 
 
 ^gialitis semipalmatus. — Semipalmated Plover. A common 
 migrant. 
 
 ./EgialiUs melodus. — Piping Plover. A rare migrant. 
 
 This family feed on small moUusks, aquatic insects, beetles, 
 grasshoppers, etc. ^,. ■ 
 
 Family Phalaeopodid^. 
 
 Steganopus wilsonii. — Wilson's Phalarope. A common migrant. 
 Found nesting once. 
 Lohipes hyperboreus. —Northern Phalarope. A rare migrant. 
 
190 HISTORy OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Family Scolopacid^. 
 
 Philohela minor. — Woodcock; an abundant summer resident. 
 
 Galliitago wilsonii. — American Snipe; is an abundant migrant, 
 and lias been known to breed. 
 
 Maororhamphus griseus. — Red-breasted Snipe. A rare migrant. 
 
 Miorapalama himantojptos. — Stilt Sandpiper. A very rare mi- 
 grant; but three specimens have been secured, May 4, 18Y7. 
 
 Ereunetes pusillus. Semipalmated Sandpiper. Migrant. 
 
 Abundant. 
 
 Tringa mimitilla. — Least Sandpiper. Migrant. Abundant. 
 
 Tringa maculata- -Pectoral Sandpiper. Common migrant. 
 
 Tringa alpina, var. americana. — Red-backed Sandpiper. A not 
 common migrant. 
 
 Tringa canutus. — Red-breasted Sandpiper. Common migrant. 
 
 Totanus semipalmata. — Willst. Common migrant. 
 
 Totanus mdanoleucus. — —Tell-tale or Greater Yellow-legs. 
 Abundant migrant and quite a common summer resident. 
 
 Totanus flavipes. — Lesser Yellow-legs. Abundant migrant. 
 
 Totanus solitarius. — Solitary Sandpiper. Summer resident; 
 quite common. 
 
 Tringoides macularius. — Spotted Sandpiper. An abundant sum- 
 "mer resident. 
 
 Actilurus .iartramius. — Upland Plover. Abundant summer 
 resident. 
 
 Tryngites rufescens. — Buif-breasted Sandpiper. Not a common 
 migrant. 
 
 N'umenius longirostris. — Long-billed Curlew. A rare migrant 
 But one specimen has been taken. 
 
 This is the family of Shore-birds or Waders. They feed on small 
 moUusks, aquatic insects, crustaceans and grasshoppers. 
 
 Family Aedeid^. 
 
 Ardea herodias. — Great Blue Heron. A common migrant ;'is a 
 resident in some parts of the county. 
 
 Ardea egretta. — Great White Heron. A rare summer visitor. 
 
 Ardea viresoens.— Green Heron. Summer resident. Common. 
 
 Mystiardea grisea^ var. nevia. — ISTight Heron. A common sum- 
 mer resident in some portions of the county. 
 
 Botatirus minor. — Bittern or Indian Hen. A common summer 
 resident. 
 
 Ardetta i^'ilis. — Least Bittern. A common summer resident. 
 
 Family Geuid^. 
 
 Orus americanus. — Whooping Crane. A very rare straggler. 
 On June 8, 1877, three specimens were observed" at] Geddesburg, 
 and one secured. ^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOTJNTT. 191 
 
 Otus canadensis. — Sandhill Crane. A rare migrant. I do not 
 think it breeds in the county; still it may. This bird nests on the 
 ground. 
 
 Family Eallidje. 
 
 Balhislongirostris. — Clapper Rail. A very rare migrant for 
 this county. I have (ISTovember 5, 1880), male and female. 
 
 Rallus elegans. — King Rail. A rare summer resident. 
 
 Sallus virginianus. — Yirginia Rail. A common summer resi- 
 dent. 
 
 Porsana Carolina. — Carolina Rail. A common summer resi- 
 dent. 
 
 Porzana novehoracensis. — Yellow Rail. A rare migrant. 
 
 Porzana jamaicensis. — Black Rail. One specimen only has 
 fallen under my notice from this county; this specimen was 
 brought me June 4, 1880. 
 
 Qallinitla galeata. — Florida Gallinule. Summer resident. Not 
 rare. 
 
 Fulica americana. — Coot. Abundant summer resident. 
 
 Family Anatid^. 
 
 BrantOj berniola. — Brant Goose. A common migrant. 
 
 Branta canadensis. — Canada Goose. A common migrant. 
 
 Ana,s ioschas. — Mallard Duck. A common migrant; often 
 breeds. 
 
 Anas obscura. — Black Duck. Abundant migrant; often breeds. 
 
 Dafila acuta. — Pintail. Migrant. Not very common. 
 
 Chaulelasmus streperus. — Gadwall or Grey Duck. A rare 
 summer resident. 
 
 Mareca americana.. — American Widgeon. A common migrant. 
 
 Querquedula carolinensis. — Green-winged Teal. A common 
 summer resident. 
 
 Querquedula discors. — -Blue-winged Teal. Abundant migrant. 
 May bird. 
 
 Spatula clypeata. — Shoveller or Broad-bill. Summer resident; 
 not common. 
 
 Aix sponsa. — Wood Duck. Summer resident; not rare. 
 
 Fuligula marila. — Big Black-head. Quite a common migrant. 
 
 Fuligula aflnis. — Little Black-head. Quite a common migrant. 
 
 Fuligula collaris. — Ring-necked Duck. Common migrant. 
 Fuligula ferina, var. americana. — ^Redhead or Pochard. Migrant, 
 Common. 
 
 Fuligula vallisneria. — Canvas-back Duck. Migrant. Not com- 
 mon. 
 
 Bucephala clangula. — Golden-eye Duck. Migrant. Common. 
 
 Bucephala albeola. — Butter-ball Duck. A very common 
 migrant. 
 
1©2 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Sarelda gloGialis. — Long-tailed Duck. A rare migrant. 
 
 Camptolcemus labradorius. — Labrador Duck. One specimen 
 taken at Delhi Mills, April 17, 1872. 
 
 Erismatura ruhida. — Rudd}' Duck. Migrant. Quite common. 
 
 Mergus merganser. — Goosander or Fish Duck. Common migrant. 
 
 Mergus serrator. — Ked-breasted Merganser. A not very com- 
 mon migrant. 
 
 Mergus cucullatus. — Hooded Merganser. A common migrant. 
 
 Family Laeidje. 
 
 Larus argentatus. — Herring Gull. Common migrant. 
 Larus (:Z6Zaw;are?is^s.— Ring-billed Gull. Common migrant. 
 Larus atricilla. — Laughing Gull. Migrant. Common. 
 Larus Philadelphia. — Bonaparte's Gull. Migrant. Abundant. 
 Zema sabinei. — Fork-tailed Gull. A veiy rare accidental vis- 
 itor. One specimen was secured Nov. 17, 1880. 
 
 Sterna aiiglioa. — Marsh Tern. Not a common migrant. 
 Sterna hirundo. — Wilson's Tern. A common migrant. 
 Sterna forsteri.— -YoYstev^s Tern. Migrant. Abundant. 
 Sterna inaxroura. — Arctic Tern. Migrant. Not common. 
 Sterna superciliaris. — Leaste Tern. Migrant. Not common. 
 Hydrochelidon fissipes. — Black Tern. Migrant, quite common. 
 
 j ,K Family CoLYMBiDiE. 
 
 Colymhus torquatus. — Loon. A common migrant and a quite 
 common summer resident. 
 
 Colymhus arcticus. — Black-throated Loon. Very rare. A spec- 
 imen was taken April 21, 1880. 
 
 Family Podicipid^. 
 
 Podiceps griseigena, var. holbolUi. — Eed-necked Grebe. Tran- 
 sient, rare. 
 
 Podiceps cornutus. — Horned Grebe. Migrant. Abundant. 
 
 Podiceps auritus. — Eared Grebe. One specimen was taken dur- 
 ing the winter of 1879, at Saline, and one' specimen at Independence 
 Lake, April 29, 1880. 
 
 Podilymbus podiceps. — Pied-billed Grebe. A common summer 
 resident. 
 
 MAMMALS. 
 
 Family Vespeetilionid^. — Yespertilio novehoraoensis.—^e^ 
 York Bat. Quite common. — V. sululatus. — Brown Bat. Yery 
 abundant. 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 193 
 
 Family SoEiciDiE. — Blarina IreviGauda. — Mole Shrew. Very 
 common ; is more often found in the vicinity of gardens where it 
 has been searching for earth-worms. 
 
 Family Talpid^. — Scalops aquatious. — Common Mole. Quite 
 common, more often found in wet lands than elsewhere. — Scalops 
 argentatus. — Silvery Mole. I must catalogue this little mammal 
 as very rare. I have had but one specimen in the past six years. — 
 Condylura cristata. — Star-nosed Mole. Very abundant, in fact 
 the most abundant mole in this part of the State. 
 
 Family Felidje. — Lynx rufus. — Wild Cat. At rare intervals a 
 wild cat is reported in this county. I have not myself taken one, 
 neither have I ever seen one taken in this county. 
 
 Family Canid.e. — Vulpes fulvus. — Red Fox. Yery abundant 
 and affords exciting sport daring the winter months for our sports- 
 men. — Yulpes fulvus, var. argentatus. — Black Fox. Very rare; 
 the last specimen seen was taken in the township of Pittsfield in 
 the winter of 1878. — Yuljpes virginianus. — Gray Fox. Rare ; have 
 nearly all left this part of the State. 
 
 Family Mustelidje. — Putorius cicogiwnii. — Small Brown 
 Weasel. Abundant. — P. richardsonii. — Little Ermine. I regard 
 this beautiful little mammal as very rare. 1 have had but one speci- 
 men. — P. noveboracensis. — "White Weasel. Very common. — P. 
 piiS'illus. — Least Weasel. The only specimens of this mammal I 
 have had were brought this winter, 1881. — P. longioauda. — Weasel. 
 One specimen of this mammal has been taken, February 27, 1880; 
 it was then in the brown coat. — P. vison. — Mink. Very common, 
 hundreds being caught by trappers every year. — Lutra canadensis. 
 Otter. A solitary individual has been known for some years in 
 the chain of lakes in the northern part of the county of which Por- 
 tage, Base, Strawberry, etc., form a part. — Mephitis mephitica. — 
 Skunk. Very abundant. 
 
 Family Uesid^. — Procyon lotor. — Raccoon. Very common. 
 We have also a nearly black variety, which is quite common, and 
 usually every season we here of white " coons " being taken. 
 
 Family Sciueid^. — Sciurus ludovicianus. — Fox Squirrel. Very 
 abundant. — S. carolinensis. — Gray and Black Squirrels. Very com- 
 mon. — 8. htidsonius. — Red Squirrel. Very abundant. — Pteromys 
 volucella. — Flying Squirrel. Very common, but being nocturnal 
 in its habits is not generally seen. — Tamias striatus. — Chipmunk. 
 Very abundant. — Spermophilus tridecem-lineatus. — Striped Go- 
 pher. Common, frequentsjsandy fields. — Arctomys monax. — Wood- 
 chuck. Altogether too common to please the farmers in some sec- 
 tions of the country. 
 
 Family Mueid^. — Jaculios hudsonius. — Jumping Mouse. Very 
 rare in most sections, still I know of some sections where this mouse 
 can always be found. — Mus miosculus. — Common Mouse. This is 
 a too common mouse to please the good housewife. — Mies decu- 
 vmnus. — Brown Rat. Very abundant. — M. rattus. — Black Rat. 
 Very rare. I have had but one specimen, which was caught at the 
 
194 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Michigan Central R. R. Depot. — Reithrodon humilis. — Harvest 
 Mouse. Quite common. I had an albino specimen brought me 
 some years ago, which is in the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, 
 D. C. — Hesperomys leucoptis. — Deer Mouse. Common; lives in 
 the woods, nesting in hollow trQes.-— H. Michiganensis. — Michigan 
 Deer Mouse. Abundant, frequently fonnd in barns and out- 
 buildings. — Arvicola riparia. — Meadow Mouse. Abundant. — A. 
 austerus. — Short-tailed Meadow Mouse. Abundant. — Fiber zib- 
 ethicus. — Muskrat. Very common. 
 
 Family Ceevid^. — Gervus virginianus. — Deer. Once common, 
 but has passed to the northern part of the State; the last one seen 
 in this county, was in the autumn of 1879. 
 
 Family Lepoeid^. — Lepus sylvatious. — Common Rabbit. Very 
 abundant. 
 
CHAPTEE VI. 
 
 FLORA OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 BY ELIZABETH C. ALLMENDINGEE. 
 
 In the accompanying list, when plants have been reported by 
 other persons, the name of the finder is in each case given. The 
 list is probably nearly complete for the country embraced within 
 four miles of Ann Arbor. Where plants have been found in other 
 parts of the county, the localities are given in connection with 
 them: where no location is given it is to be understood that the 
 plant has been found within the limits first mentioned. A great 
 majority of the species given have been found within these limits. 
 Undoubtedly, many are yet to be discovered in other parts of the 
 county, but, notwithstanding this fact, the list shows the region to 
 be one of surprising richness in variety. 
 
 Dr. Gray, in his Botany of the Northern States, gives 130 orders. 
 In Washtenaw county 101 are represented, leaving only 29 of 
 which we have no representatives. 
 
 Three hundred and eighty-one genera and 850 species are given 
 in the list, which showing justifies the statement made above as to 
 the wonderful variety found in the county. 
 
 A number of species, formerly found, are now extinct. All of these 
 are marked with a star ( *) in the list; some are worthy of note on 
 account of rarity or being confined to small localities. These are 
 designated by a dagger (f); and still a few others, marked (:};), 
 should be noted as having made their appearance within 15 or 18 
 years. 
 
 Eanunotjlaoeje. 
 
 Clematis Virginiana, L. 
 
 Anemone cylindrica, Gray. 
 
 A. Virginiana, L. 
 
 A. Pennsylvanica, L. 
 
 A. nemorosa, L. 
 
 Hepatica triloba, Chaix. 
 
 H. acutiloba, DC. 
 
 Thalictrum anemonoides, Michx. 
 
 T. dioicum, L. 
 
 f T. purpurascens, L. 
 
 T. Comuti, L. 
 
 Eanunculus divaricatus, Schrank. Huron 
 
 River. Ann Arbor. 
 E. aquatilis, L. var. trichophyllus, Chaix. 
 
 Prof. M. W. Harrington. River Huron 
 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 * R. multifidus, Pursh. 
 
 R. multifidus, PursJi, var. terrestris. 
 Tamarack swamps. 
 
 R. abortivus, L. 
 
 R. sceleratus, L. 
 
 R. recurvatus, Poir. 
 
 R. Pennsylvanicus, L. 
 
 R. fascicularis, Muhl. 
 
 R. repens, L 
 
 X R. bulbosus, L. Found only in 1873. 
 
 I R. acris, L. University Campus 1866. 
 
 Oaltha palustris, L. 
 
 t Coptis trifolia, Salisb. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 Aquilegia Canadensis, L. 
 
 f Hydrastis " L. 
 
 Actsea spicata, L., var. rubra, Michx. 
 
 A. alba, Bigel. 
 
 (195) 
 
196 
 
 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 MaGNOLIAOE/E. 
 
 •f Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. Geddes- 
 burg. 
 
 Anonaoe^. 
 
 f Asimina triloba, Dunal. 
 
 Menispfemaoe^. 
 
 Menispermum Canadense, L. 
 
 Berbertdaob^. 
 
 Caulophyllutn thalictroides, Michx. 
 t Jeffei'sonia diphylla, Pers. 
 Podophyllum peltatum, L. 
 
 Nymphbaoe^. 
 f Brasenla peltata, Pursh. Lakes W. of 
 
 Ann Arbor. 
 Nymphffia odorata, Ait. 
 Nupbar advena, Ait. Lakes W. of Ann 
 Arbor. 
 
 SaeeaoeniaoBxE;. 
 Sarracenia purpurea, L. Peat bogs. 
 
 PAPAVBEAOBiE. 
 
 Sanguinaria Canadensis, L. 
 
 FuMARIAOBvE. 
 
 * Dicentra cucullaria, DC. Dr. A. R 
 
 Wheeler, York. 
 D. Canadensis, DC. Dr. A. R. Wheeler, 
 
 York. 
 
 CKUCIFEEiB. 
 
 ± Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. 
 
 N. palustre, DC. 
 
 N. Armoracia, Fries. 
 
 Dentaria diphylla, L. 
 
 D. laciniata, Muhl. 
 
 Cardamine rhomboidea, DC. 
 
 C. rhomboidea, var. purpurea, Torr. 
 
 C. pratensis, L. Tamarack swamp and 
 
 Bunker's dam. 
 Arabis hirsuta. Scop. North side Huron 
 
 R. beyond first R. R. bridge W., 1861. 
 
 A. Canadensis, L. 
 
 A. Drummondii, Gray. Geol. Sur.. 
 
 1860. 
 Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. 
 Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. 
 Brassica Sinapislrum, Boissier, Geol. 
 
 Surv., 1860. 
 
 B. alba, Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 B. nigra, Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 Oamelina sativa, Crantz. Roadside, Ann 
 
 Arbor. 
 Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. 
 *Thlaspiarvense, L. Under the papaws. 
 Lepidium Virginicum, L. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 L. intermedium, Gray. 
 
 ViOLAOB/E. 
 
 *Solea concolor, Ging. 
 Viola blanda, Willd. 
 
 V. cucullata, Ait. 
 
 V. cucullata, var. palmata. W. of Ann 
 Arbor, 1861 ; not seen since. 
 
 * V. sagittata, Ait. 
 
 V. pedata, L. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 V. canina, D., var. sylvestris, Regel. 
 *V. rostrata, Pursh. 
 
 * V. striata. Ait. Under the papaws. 
 
 * V. Canadensis, L. Under the papaws. 
 V. pubescens. Ait. 
 
 V. pubescens, var. eriocarpa, Nutt. 
 
 ClSTAOB^. 
 
 Helianthemum Canadense, Michx. 
 Lechea major, Michx . 
 
 Deosbracb^k. 
 
 Drosera rotundifolia, L. 
 D. longifolia, L. 
 
 HypEEIOAOE/B. 
 
 I Hypericum pyramidatum, Ait. Bank 
 of Huron R. near the second R. R. 
 bridge E., 1806. 
 
 H. proliflcum, L. 
 
 H. ellipticum. Hook. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 H. perforatum, L. 
 
 H. corymbosum, Muhl. 
 
 H. mutilum, L. 
 
 H. Canadense, L., Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 fElodes Virginica, Nutt. Near lakes 
 west of Ann Ai'bor. 
 
 Oaryophyllaob/e. 
 
 Saponaria officinalis, L. 
 
 Silene antirrhina, L. 
 
 Lychnis Githago, Lam. Wheat fields. 
 
 Arenaria serpyllifolia, L. State St., Ann 
 
 Arbor. 
 Stellaria media, Smith. 
 S. longfolia, Muhl. 
 Cerastium vulgatum, L. 
 C. viscosum, C. 
 
 POET0LAOAOB^. 
 
 Portulaca oleracea, L. 
 Claytonia Virginica, L. 
 
 Malvaob^. 
 
 Malva rotundifolia, L. 
 
 M. sylvestris, L. 
 
 M. moschata, L. 
 
 Abutilon Avicennse, Geertn. 
 
 Hibiscus Trionum, L. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 Tiliaob^.. 
 Tilia Americana, L. 
 
 Linages. 
 
 |Linum Virginianum, L. Roadside, 
 Ann Arbor. Dr. A. B. Lyons. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW CO0NTY. 
 
 197 
 
 Gek\niaok.k. 
 
 Geranium maculatum, Ij. 
 
 *Erodiuin oicutarium, L'Her. Prof. I\I. 
 
 W. Harrington. 
 Inipiitions fulva, Nutt. 
 Oxalis slricta, L. 
 
 RUTAOB.l!. 
 
 Zantlioxylum Anierioauum, Mill. 
 Ptolea trifoliata, L. Along railroad. 
 
 AxAO.UimAt.!E.K. 
 
 Rhus typliina, L. 
 
 R. glabra, L. 
 
 R. copallina, L. Dr. A. R . Wheeler. 
 
 R. venenata, Dd. 
 
 R. Toxicondondrou, L. 
 
 fH. aroniatica, L. 
 
 A'lTAOE.E. 
 
 Vitis ivstivalis, Mielix. 
 
 V. cordifolia, Aticbx. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 Ampelopsis qniuqucfolia, Miclix. 
 
 RUAMN.VOK.K. 
 
 Rhamnus aluifoliu8, L'Her. 
 Ceauothus Americanus, L. 
 
 Cki.astuaok.k. 
 
 Celastrus scandcns, L. 
 * Eunonymus atropiirpureus, Jacq. 
 E. Americanus, L., var. obovatus. Torr. 
 and Gray. 
 
 Sapindaok.k. 
 
 Staphylca trifolia, L. 
 Acer saccharinuni, AVang. 
 A. saccharinuni, var. nigrum. Not com- 
 mon. Prof. i\[. AV. Harrington. 
 A. dasycarpum, Ehrhart. 
 A. rubrum, L. 
 
 POLYOAI.ACE.E. 
 
 Polygala sanguinea, L. 
 
 P. verticillata, L. 
 
 P. Senega, L. 
 
 P. polygama, AValt. Has not been seen 
 
 since 1871. 
 P. paucifolia, AVilld. Tamarack swamps. 
 
 Lbgumin'os.k. 
 
 Lupinus perennis, L. 
 
 Trifolium pratense, L. 
 
 T. repens, L. 
 
 t.Melilotus offlcinolis. Willd. 
 
 M. alba, Lam. 
 
 Jtodicago siitiva, L. 
 
 :f M. lupulina, L. 
 
 Amorpha cauescons, Nutt. Spec, in 
 
 University Herb, from Ann Arbor. 
 
 Prof. M. W. Harrington. 
 Astragalus Canadensis, L. 
 Desmodium nudiflorum, DC. 
 
 D. acuminatum, DC. 
 
 D. rotundifoliuui, DC. 
 
 D. canescens, DC. Campus, 1860. 
 
 D. cuspidatum. Torr. and Gray. 
 
 D. Dillenii, Darlingt. Prof. M. W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 D. paniculatuni, DC. 
 
 D. Canadense, DC. 
 
 D. rigidum, DC. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 Lespedeza repens, Torr. and Gray. Geol. 
 Surv., 1860. 
 
 L. violacea, Pers. 
 
 L. violacea, var. divergens. Prof. M. 
 W. Harrington. 
 
 L. hirta. Ell. 
 
 L. capitata, Michx. 
 
 Vicia C'racca, L. Prof. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 V. Caroliniana, "Walt. 
 
 V. Americana, Muhl. Geddesburg. 
 
 Lathyrus maritimus, Bigelow. M. W. 
 Harrington. • 
 
 L. venosus Muhl. Wliitemore, L. 
 
 L. ochroleucus, Hoolc. 
 
 L. palustris, L. River bank. 
 
 L. palustris, var. myrtifohus. M. W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 Apios tuberosa, Mwiioh. 
 
 Amphicarpnja monoica, Nutt. 
 
 Baptisia tinctoria. R. R. bridge. 
 
 Baptisia leucantha, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Cercis Canadensis, L. 
 
 Ca.'isia Marilandica, L. 
 
 Gymnooladus Canadensis, Lam. 
 
 ROSAOB.E. 
 
 Prunus Americana, Marshall . 
 
 P. Pennsylvanica, L. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 P. "N'irginiana, L. 
 
 P. serotina, Ehrhart. 
 
 Spirea opulifolia, L. 
 
 tPoterium Canadense. Geddesburg. 
 
 Agrimonia Eupatoria, L. 
 
 Geum album, Gmelin. 
 
 G. Virginianum, L. Geol. Surv., 18 
 
 G. strictum, Ait. 
 
 G. rivale, L. 
 
 Potentilla Norvegica, L. 
 
 P. Canadensis, L. 
 
 P. Canadensis, var. simplex. Torr. & 
 Gray Prof. M. AV. Harrington. 
 
 P. argentea, L. Local. 
 
 P. arguta, Pursh. 
 
 P. anserina, L. On Dr. Porter's place. 
 
 P. fruticosa, L. 
 
 P. palustris, Scop. In marsh around 
 the lakes west of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Fragaria A'irginiana, Ebrhai-t. 
 
 F. vesoa, L. Tamarack swamps. 
 
 Dalibarda repens, L. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 Rubus triflorus, Richardson. 
 
 R. strigosus, Michx. 
 
 R. occidentalis, L. 
 
198 
 
 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 R. villosus, Ait. 
 
 R. Canadensis, L. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 R. hispidus, L. Along R. R. traclt. 
 
 Rosa Carolina, L. 
 
 R. lucida, Ehrhart. 
 
 R. rubiginosa, L. Roadside. 
 
 Crataegus coccinea, L. 
 
 C. tomentosa, L. 
 
 C. " var. mollis. M. W. Har- 
 
 rington. 
 
 0. tomentosa, var. pyrifolia. M. W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 C. tomentosa, var. punctata. M. W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 Pyrus coronaria, L. 
 
 P. arbutifolia, L. 
 
 P. " var. melanocarpa. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 
 Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. and Gray, 
 var. Botryapium. 
 
 A« Canadensis, Torr. and Gray, var. ob- 
 longifolia. 
 
 Saxifkagaoe^. 
 
 Ribes Cynosbati, L. 
 
 tR. hirtellum, Michx. 
 
 R. floridum, L. 
 
 f R. rubrum, L. 
 
 Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx. 
 
 Saxifraga Pennsylvanica, L. 
 
 Heuchera Americana, L. 
 
 Mitella diphylla, L. 
 
 M. nuda, L. Tamarack swamp. 
 
 Ceassulaoe^. 
 Penthorum sedoides, L. 
 
 Hamamblaoe^. 
 Hamamelis Virginica, L. 
 
 ONAGEAOBiE. 
 
 Circsea Lutetiana, L. 
 
 C. alpina, L. 
 
 Epilobium angustifolium, L. On new 
 
 land. 
 E. molle, Torr. 
 E. coloratum, Muhl. 
 CEnothera biennis, L. 
 CE. fruticosa, L. 
 Ludwigia palustris. Ell. 
 
 Cttouebitace 
 
 Eohinocystis lobata, Torr. and Gray. 
 River bank. 
 
 Umbbllifbe^. 
 •)■ Hydrocotyle Americana, L . 
 •j- Sanicula Canadensis, L. 
 S. Marilandica, L. 
 Daucus Carota, L. 
 Heracleum lanatum, Michx. 
 Pastinaca sativa, L. 
 Archemora rigida, DC. 
 
 Archangelica hlrsuta, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 A. atropurpurea, Hoffm. Geol. Surv., '60. 
 
 Conioselenum Canadense,Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Thaspium aureum, Nutt. 
 
 Zizia integerrima, DC. 
 
 Cicuta maculata, L. 
 
 C. bulbifera. L. 
 
 Sium lineare, Michx. 
 
 Cryptotaenia Canadensis, DC. 
 
 Osmorrhiza longistylis, DC. 
 
 O. brevistylis, DC. 
 
 f Erigenia bulbosa, Nutt. 
 
 Aealiaob^. 
 
 Aralia racemosa, L. 
 
 A. nudicaulis, L. 
 
 f A. quinquefolia . In a ravine two miles 
 
 N. W. of Ann Arbor. 
 A. trifolia. 
 
 CORNAOE^. 
 
 Comus Canadensis, L. Tamarack swamp. 
 
 C. florida, L. 
 
 fC. circinata, L'Her. 
 
 C. sericea, L. 
 
 C. stolonifera, Michx. 
 
 C. paniculata, L'Her. 
 
 C. alternifolia, L. 
 
 * Nyssa multiflora, Wang. Geol. Surv. 
 
 Capeifoliaoe^. 
 
 Lonicera flava, Sims. Geol. Surv., 1860 
 
 L. parviflora. Lam. 
 
 fL. " var. Douglasii. 
 
 Dier villa trifida, Moench. Geol. Surv., 
 
 Triosteum perfoliatum, L. 
 
 Sambucus Canadensis, L. 
 
 S. pubens, Michx. 
 
 Viburnum Lentago, L. 
 
 V. pubescens, Pursh. 
 
 V. acerifolium, L. 
 
 fV. opulus, L. 
 
 RUBIA0E.<E. 
 
 Galium Aparine, L. 
 
 G. asprellum, Michx. 
 
 G. concinnum, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 G. trifldum, L. 
 
 G. triflorum, Michx. 
 
 G. pilosum. Ait. 
 
 G. circsezans, Michx. 
 
 G. lanceolatum, Torr. 
 
 G. boreale, L. 
 
 Cephalanthus occidentalis, L. 
 
 Mitchella repens, L. Tamarack swamp. 
 
 Houstonia purpurea, L. Geol. Sur., 1860 
 
 Valbeianaoe^ . 
 
 Valeriana sylvatica, Richards. 
 V. edulis, Nutt. Not common. 
 
 DlPSAOE^. 
 
 Dipsacus sylvestris. Mill. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 199 
 
 CoMPOSlTiE. 
 
 Vernonia fasciculata, Michx. 
 
 Liatris squarrosa, Willd. Prof. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 L. cylindracea, Michx. 
 L. scariosa, Wild. 
 Eupatorium purpureum, L. 
 E. sessilifolium, L. Local. 
 E. perfollatum, L. 
 E. ageratoides, L. 
 Aster macrophyllus, L. 
 A patens, var. phlogifolius. Geol. Surv., 
 
 1860. 
 A. Isevis, L. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 A. " var. laevigatas. Geol. Surv., 
 
 1860. 
 A. laevis, var. cyaneus. 
 A. azureus, Lindl. 
 A. undulatus, L. 
 A. cordifolius, L. 
 A. sagittifolius, Wild. 
 A. multiflorus. Ait. 
 
 A. miser, L. Prof. M. W. Harrington. 
 A. longifolius. Lam. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 A. puniceus, L. 
 A. Novae-Anglise, L. 
 Erigeron Canadense, L. 
 E. bellidifolium, Muhl. 
 E. Philadelphieum, L. 
 E. annuum, Pers. 
 E. strigosum, Muhl. 
 Diplopappus umbellatus, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Solidago latifolia, L. 
 
 S. csesia, L. 
 
 S. speciosa, Nutt. Geol. Surv., 1860 
 
 S. '• var. angustata. _Geol. Surv., 
 1860. 
 
 S. rigida, L. 
 
 S. Riddellii, Frank. 
 
 S. patula, Muhl. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 S. arguta. Ait. " " " 
 
 S. " var. scabrella. " " 
 
 S. altissima, L. 
 
 S. nemoralis. Ait. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 S. Canadensi8,!L. 
 
 Inula Helenium, L. 
 
 f Polymnia Canadensis, L. 
 
 P. Uvedalia, L. Prof. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 Silphium terebinthinaceum, L. 
 
 Ambrosia trifida, L. 
 
 A. trifida, var. integrifolia. 
 
 A. trifida, var. artemisisefolia, L. 
 
 Xanthium Btrumariura, L. 
 
 Heliopsis laevis, Pers. 
 
 H. IsBvis, var. scabra. 
 
 Rudbeckia laciniata, L. 
 
 R. speciosa, Wenderoth. Gov. Surv., 1860 
 
 R. fulgida. Ait. 
 
 Helianthus occidentalis, Riddell. 
 
 H. giganeus, L. 
 
 H.osstrumtus, L. 
 
 H. divaricatus, L. 
 H. hirsutus, Raf . 
 H. decapetalus, L. 
 
 H. doronicoides. Lam. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 Coreopsis tripteris, L. 
 C. aristosa, Michx. 
 Bidens frondosa. L. 
 B. cernua, L. 
 
 B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. 
 fB. Beckii, Torr. Huron R., Ann Ar- 
 bor." 
 Helenium autumnale, L. 
 Maruta Cotula, DC. 
 Achillea Millefolium, L. 
 I Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam. 
 L. Parthenium, Godran. Escaped from 
 
 cultivation. 
 Tanacetum vulgare, L. 
 Artemisia biennis, Willd. 
 Gnaphalium polycephalum, Michx. 
 G. uliginosum, L. 
 Antennaria plantaginifolia, Hook. 
 Erechthites hieracifolia, Raf. 
 
 Cacalia atriplicifolia, L. 
 Senecio aureus, L. 
 
 S. aureus, var. obovatus. Geol. Surv., 
 1860. 
 
 S. aureus, var. balsamitse. 
 
 Cirsium lanceolatum. Scop. 
 
 C. discolor, Spreng. 
 
 C. altissimum, Spreng. 
 
 C. muticum, Michx. 
 
 C. pumilum, Spreng. 
 
 J C. arvense, Scop. 
 
 Lappa oflBcinalis, Allioni, var. major. 
 
 Cichorium Intybus, L. 
 
 Cynthia Virginica, Don. 
 
 Hieracium Canadense, Michx. 
 
 H. scabrum, Michx. 
 
 H. venosum, L. 
 
 Nabalus albus, Hook. 
 
 N. albus, var. serpentaria. Geol. Surv. , 
 1860. 
 
 N. altissimus. Hook. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Desf. 
 
 Lactuca Canadensis, L. 
 
 L. Canadensis, var. integrifolia. 
 
 Sonchus oleraceus, L. 
 
 S. asper, Vill. 
 
 LOBBLIAOE^. 
 
 Lobelia cardinalis, L. 
 
 L. syphilitica, L. 
 
 L. inflata, L. Dr. A. R. Wheeler, 
 
 York. 
 L. spicata. Lam. 
 L. Kalmii, L. 
 
 C AMPANULAOE^ . 
 
 Campanula rotundifolia, L. 
 C. aparinoides, Pursh. 
 C. Americana, L. 
 
200 
 
 HIOT-OKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Erioaoe^. 
 
 Gaylussacia 'frondosa, Torr. and Gray, 
 
 Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 G. resinosa, Torr. and Gray. 
 Vaccinium Oxycoccus, L. 
 V. macrocarpon, Ait. 
 V. Pennsylvanicura, Lam. Prof. M. 
 
 W. Harrington. 
 V. Oanadense, Kalm. Prof. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 V. vacillans, Solander. Prof. ' M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 t Cliiogenes liispidula, Torr. and Gray. 
 Gaultheria procumbens, L. Pittsfield. 
 f Cassandra calyculata, Don. 
 Andromeda polifolia, L. 
 Pyrola rotundifolia, L. 
 P. elliptica, Nutt. 
 P. secunda, L. 
 
 t Cliimaphila umbellata,'Nutt. 
 Monotropa imitlora, L. 
 tM. Hypopitys, L. 
 
 Aquifoliace^. 
 
 Ilex verticillata, Gray. 
 
 PLANTAGmAOE.B. 
 
 Planlago major, L. 
 P. lanceolata, L. 
 
 Peimulage^. 
 
 Trientalis Americana, Pursh. 
 
 Lysimachia thyrsiflora, L. 
 
 L. stricta, Ait. 
 
 L. quadrifolia, L. 
 
 L. ciliata, L. 
 
 L. longifolia, Pursh. 
 
 Anagallisarvensis, L. Qeol. Surv.,1860. 
 
 LsNTIBITLAOEiE. 
 
 Utricularia vulgaris, L. 
 TJ. minor, L. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 U. intermedia, Hayne. Geol. Surv., 
 1860. 
 
 Orobanohaoejb. 
 
 fEpiphegus Virginiana, Bart. 
 Conopholis Americana, Wallroth. Geol. 
 
 Surv.. 1860 
 *Aphyllon uniflorum, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 Soeophulaeiaoe.!;, 
 
 Verbascum Thapsus, L. 
 
 I V. Blattaria, L. 
 Linaria vulgaris. Mill. 
 Scrophularia nodosa, L. 
 *Collinsia verna, Nutt.^ Lost. 
 Chelone glabra, L. 
 Penstenion pubescens, Solander. 
 Mimulus ringens, L. 
 Uysanthes gratioloides, Benth. 
 Veronica Virgimca, L. 
 
 V. anagallis, L. 
 
 V. Americana, Schweinitzii. 
 
 V. scutellata, ti. 
 
 V. officinalis, L. 
 
 V. serpyllifolia, L. 
 
 V. peregrina, L. 
 
 V. arvensis, L. 
 
 tV. agrestis, L. Prof. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 Gerardia tenuifolia, Vahl. 
 
 G. flava, L. Prof. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 G. quercifolia, Pursh. Prof. M. W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 G. pedicularia, L. 
 
 G. auriculata, Michx. Prof. M, W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 Castilleia coccinea, Spreng. 
 
 Pedicularia Canadensis, L. 
 
 P. lanceolata, Michx. 
 
 AoANTHACBjE. 
 
 Dianthera Americana, L. 
 
 VBEBENAGE.i;. 
 
 Verbena hastata, L. 
 V. urticifolia, L. 
 Phryma leptostachya, L. 
 
 Labiates. 
 
 Teucrium Canadense, L. 
 
 Mentha viridis, L. 
 
 M. piperita, L. 
 
 M. Canadensis, L. 
 
 Lycopus Virginicus, L. 
 
 L. Europseus, L. 
 
 Pycnanthemum lanceolatum, Pursh. 
 
 P. linifolium, Pursh. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 Hedeoma pulegioides, Pers. 
 
 Collinsonia Canadensis, L 
 
 Monarda fistulosa, L. 
 
 Blephilia ciliata, Raf . 
 
 Lophanthus scrophularieefolius, Benth. 
 
 Nepeta Cataria, L. 
 
 N. Glechoma, Benth. 
 
 Physostegia Virginiana, Benth. Geol. 
 
 Surv., 1860. 
 Brunella vulgaris, L. 
 Scutellaria galericulata, L. 
 S. laterifolia, L. 
 
 Stachys palustris, var. aspera, L. 
 Leonurus Cardiaca, L. 
 
 BoEEAGINAOEiE. 
 
 t Symphytum officinale, L. Sparingly. 
 
 Escaped from cultivation. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 Lithospermum arvense, L. 
 L. latifolium, Michx. 
 L. canescens, Lehm. 
 Myosotis verna, Nutt. Geol. Surv., 
 
 1860. 
 Echinospermum Lappula, Lehm. 
 Cynoglossum officinale, L. 
 C. Morisoni, DC. 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 201 
 
 Htdeophyllace^. 
 
 Hydrophyllum Virginicum, L. 
 
 H. Canadense, L. 
 
 H. appendiculatum, Michx. 
 
 PoLEMONIAOBiE. 
 
 Phlox pilosa, L. 
 P. divaricata, L. 
 
 CONTOLVULAOE^. 
 
 Calystegia Sepium, R. Br. 
 f C. spithamsea, Pursh. 
 Cuscuta Gronovii, Willd. 
 
 SOLANAOE^. 
 
 Solanuni Dulcamara, L. 
 
 S. nigrum, L. 
 
 Physalls pubescens, L. Prof. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 P. viscosa, L. 
 
 Mcandra physaloides, Gsertn. 
 Datura Stramonium, L. 
 D. Tatula, L. 
 
 Gentianaoe^. 
 
 Gentiana quinqueflora. Lam. 
 
 G. quinqueflora, var. occidentalis. Geol. 
 
 Surv., 1860. 
 G. crinita, Froel. 
 G. detonsa. Fries. Prof. M. W. Har. 
 
 rington. 
 G. alba, Mulil. 
 G. Andrewsii, Griseb. 
 G. puberula, Michx. 
 Menyanthes trif oliata, L. 
 
 Apogynaob^. 
 
 Apocynum androssemifolium, L. 
 A. cannabinum, L. 
 
 ASOLEPIADAOE.E. 
 
 Asclepias Comuti. Decalsne. 
 
 A. phytolaccoides, Pursh. 
 
 A. purpurascens, L. 
 
 A. variegata, L. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 A. quadiifolia, Jacq. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 A. incarnata, L. 
 
 A. tuberosa, L. 
 
 A. verticillata, L. 
 
 Acerates viridiflora, Ell. 
 
 OLBAOEiE. 
 
 Fraxinus Americana, L. 
 
 F. viridis, Michx. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 F.! sambucifolia, Lam. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 Aeistoloohiaoe^. 
 
 Asarum Canadense, L. 
 
 Chbnopodiaob^. 
 
 Chenopodium album, L. 
 C. hybridum, L. 
 
 C. Botrys, L. Geol. Surv., 18 60. 
 C. ambrosoides, L. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 AMAEANTACE.S;. 
 
 Amarantus retroflexus, L., var. hybri- 
 dus. Prof. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 A. hypochondriacus, L. Geol. Surv., 
 1860. 
 
 A. albus, L. Prof. M. W.Harrington. 
 
 POLTGONAOE.!;. 
 
 Polygonum orientals, L. 
 
 P. incarnatum, Ell. 
 
 P. Persicaria, L. 
 
 P. Hydropiper, L. 
 
 P. acre, H. B. K. 
 
 P. hydropiperoides, Michx. 
 
 P. amphibium, L. 
 
 P. Virginianum, L. 
 
 P. aviculare, L. 
 
 P. aviculare, var. erectum, Roth. 
 
 P. tenue, Michx. 
 
 P. sagittatum, L. 
 
 P. Convolvulus, L. 
 
 P. dumetorum, L., var. scandens. 
 
 Fagopyrum esculentum, Mcench. Es- 
 caped from cultivation. 
 
 Rumex verticillatus, L. Geol. Surv., 
 1860. 
 
 R. crispus, L. Prof. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 R. obtusifolius, L. 
 
 R. sanguineus, L. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 R. Acetosella, L. 
 
 Laukaoe^. 
 
 Sassafras officinale, Nees. 
 Lindera Benzoin, Meisner. 
 
 Thtmblbace^. 
 
 *Dirca palustris, L. 
 
 El^agsuacb^. 
 
 fShepherdia Canadensis, Nutt. Lost. 
 
 Santalacb.s;. 
 
 Comandra umbellata, Nutt. 
 
 Saurukace^. 
 
 f Saururus cernuus, L. 
 
 Etjphokbiacb^. 
 
 Euphorbia maculata, L. 
 
 E. hypericifolia. 
 
 E. coroUata, L. 
 
 |E. esula, L. Sparingly escaped from 
 
 cultivation. Prof. M. W. Harrington. 
 |E. Cyparissias, L. Escaped. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 E. commutata, Engelm. Geol. Surv., 
 
 1860. 
 
202 
 
 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Urticacb^. 
 
 Ulmus fulva, Michx. 
 
 U. Americana, L. 
 
 U. racemosa, Thomas. Geol. Surv., 
 
 1860. 
 Morus alba, L. 
 Urtica gracilis, Ait. 
 Laportea Canadensis, Qaudichaud. 
 Pilea pumila. Gray. 
 Bcehmeria cylindrica, Willd. 
 Cannabis sativa, L. 
 Humulus Lupulus, L. 
 
 Platanacb^. 
 Platanus occidentalis, L. 
 
 JueLANDACB^. 
 
 Juglans cinerea, L. 
 J. nigra, L. 
 Carya alba, Nutt. 
 
 C. microcarpa, Nutt. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 C. sulcata, Nutt. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 C. amara, Nutt. 
 
 CUPULIFBE.S;. 
 
 Quercus alba, L. 
 Q. macrocarpa, Michx. 
 Q. bicolor, Willd. Prof. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 Q. Prinus, L., var. acuminata, Micbx. 
 Q. imbricaria, Michx. 
 Q. coccinea, Wang. 
 Pagus ferruginea. Ait. 
 Corylus Americaoa, Walt. 
 Ostrya Virginica, Willd. 
 Carpinus Americana, Michx. 
 
 Bbtulacje^. 
 
 Betula lenta, L. Tamaracli swamp. 
 B. alba, var. populifolia, Spach. 
 B. pumila, L. 
 
 Salioacb^. 
 
 Salix Candida. WUld. Prof. V. M. 
 Spalding. 
 
 S.^discolor, Muhl. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 S. petiolaris. Smith. Prof. V. M. Spald- 
 ing. 
 
 S. cordata, Muhl. Prof. V. M. Spald- 
 ing. 
 
 S. livida, Wahl., var. occidentalis. 
 
 S. lucida, Muhl. 
 
 S. nigra. Marsh. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 S. fragilis, L. 
 
 8. longifolia, Muhl. Prof. V. M. Spald- 
 ing. 
 
 Populus tremuloides, Michx. 
 
 P. grandidentata, Michx. 
 
 P. balsamifera, L., var. candicans. 
 
 p. alba, L. 
 
 CONIPBH^. 
 
 Larix Americana, Michx. ^ Tamarack 
 
 swamps. 
 Juniperus communis, L. 
 J. Virginiana, L. 
 
 Abacb^. 
 
 Arissema triphyllum, Torr. 
 
 A. Dracontium, Schott. 
 
 Peltandra Virginica, Raf . Huron River. 
 
 Calla palustris, L. 
 
 Symplocarpus foetidus, Salisb. 
 
 Acorus Calamus, L. Huron River. 
 
 Lbmnace^. 
 
 Lemna trisulca, L. Ponds in Cemetery, 
 
 M. W. Harrington. 
 L. minor, L. Ponds in Cemetery. 
 L. polyrrhiza, L. Ponds in Cemetery. 
 
 TtPHACB/B. 
 
 Typha latifolia, L. 
 
 Sparganium eurycarpum, Engelm. 
 
 S. simplex, Hudson, var. androcladum. 
 
 Naiadacb^. 
 
 Naias flexilis, Rostk. Huron River. 
 Potamogeton natans, L. Huron River. 
 P. perfoliatus, L. Huron River. 
 P. pectinatus, L. Huron River. 
 
 ALISMACEiE. 
 
 Trjglochin maritmum, L., var. elatum. 
 Alisma Plantago, L., var. Americanum. 
 Sagittaria variabilis, Engelm. 
 
 Hydeocharidao^. 
 
 Anacharis Canadensis. 
 
 Okohidacb^. 
 
 Orchis spectabilis, L. Not common. 
 
 Habenaria tridentata, Hook. 
 
 H. virescens, Spreng. 
 
 H. viridis, R. Br., var. bracteata, Reich- 
 
 enbach. 
 H. hyperborea, R. Br. 
 H. dilatata, Gray. 
 H. Hookeri, Torr. 
 H. ciliaris, R. Br. 
 H. leucophaea. 
 H. lacera, R. Br. 
 H. psycodes, Gray. 
 H. flmbriata, R. Br. Geol. Surv. 
 t Spiranthes latifolia, Torr. 
 S. cernua, Richard. 
 S. gracilis, Bigelow. 
 Arethusa bulbosa, L. Peat bogs two 
 
 miles west of Ann Arbor. 
 Pogonia ophioglossoides, Nutt. 
 P. pendula, Lindl. A. R. Wheeler, 
 
 York. 
 Calopogon pulchellus, R. Br. 
 

 ^-^^^ cJ(r-e^-T_ 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 205 
 
 Microstylis ophioglossoides, Nutt. 
 
 * Liparis liliit'olia, Richard. 
 
 * L. Loeselii, Richard. 
 
 ■ Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt. 
 
 * Aplectrum hyemale, Nutt. 
 
 • Cypripedium candidum, Muhl. 
 C. parviflorum, Salisb. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 C. pubescens, Willd. 
 C. spectabile, Swartz. 
 C. acaule, Ait. Tamarack swamp. 
 
 Amaetllidacb^. 
 Hypoxys erecta, L. 
 
 H.EMODOEA0E^. 
 
 Aletris farinosa, L. 
 
 Ieidace.e. 
 
 Iris versicolor, L. 
 Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, L. 
 
 DIOS0OEEACE.3E. 
 
 Dioscorea villosa, L. 
 
 SMILAOEiE. 
 
 Smilax rotundifolia, L. 
 
 S. hispida, Muhl. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 S. herbacea, L. 
 
 S. ■ " var. pulverulenta, Michx. 
 
 S. tamnifolia, Michx. Geol. Surv., 1860. 
 
 LlLIAOE^. 
 
 Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb. 
 
 T. erectum, L. 
 
 T. erectum, var. album, Pursh. 
 
 T. erectum, L . var. declinatum. M. W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 T. erythrocarpum, Michx. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 t Zygadenus glaucus, Nutt. Rare. 
 
 Totieldia glutinosa, Wild. 
 
 [Jvularia grandiflora. Smith. 
 
 U. perfoliata, L. 
 
 U. sessilifolia, L. 
 
 Smilacina racemosa, Desf . 
 
 8. stcllata, Desf. 
 
 S. bifolia, Ker. 
 
 Polygonalum biflorum, EU. 
 
 P. giganteum, Dietrich. 
 
 Lilium Philadelphicum, L. 
 
 L. Candense, L. 
 
 L. superbum, L. Geol. Surv. 
 
 Erythronium Americanum, Smith. 
 
 E. albidum, Nutt. 
 
 Allium tricoccum. Ait. 
 
 A. cernunm. Roth. 
 
 A. Canadense, Kalm. Local. 
 
 Luzula campestris, DC. 
 Juncus efEusus, L. 
 J. bufonius, L. 
 13 
 
 J. nodosus, L. 
 
 J. tenuis, Willd. 
 
 J. pelocarpus, E. Meyer. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 J. acuminatus, Michx, var. legitimus. 
 M. W. Harrington. 
 
 J. Canadensis, J. Gay. 
 
 POKTEDBEIAOB M. 
 
 Ponfderia cordata, L. 
 Schollera graminea, Willd. 
 
 COMMELTNAOE^. 
 
 Tradescantia Virginica, L. 
 Ctpeeaoe^. 
 
 Cyperus flavescens, L. Prof. M. W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 C. diandrus. Torr. 
 
 C. strigosus, L. Prof. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 C. Michauxianus, Schultes. 
 
 C. filiculmis, Vahl. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 Dulichium spathaceum, Pers. 
 
 Eleocharia obtusa, Schultes. Prof. M.W 
 Harrington. 
 
 E. palustris, R. Br. 
 
 E. tenuis, Schultes. 
 
 E. acicularis, R. Br. 
 
 Scirpus pungens, Vahl. 
 
 S. vaUdus, Vahl. 
 
 S. atrovirens, Muul. 
 
 S. polyphyllus, Vahl. 
 
 S. lineatus, Michx. 
 
 S. Eriophorum, Michx. 
 
 Eriophorum vaginatum, L. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 E. Virginicum, L. 
 
 E. polystachyon, L. 
 
 E. polystachyon, var. angustifolium. 
 Prof. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 E. gracile, Koch. 
 
 Fimbnstylis autumnalis. Roem. and 
 Schult. M. W. Harrin3ton. 
 
 F. capillaris. Gray. M. W. Harrington. 
 Rynehospora alba, Vahl. 
 
 Scleria triglomerata, Michx. M. W. 
 Harrington. 
 
 Carex polytrichoides, Muhl. 
 
 C. teretiuscula, Good. 
 
 C. decomposita, Muhl. 
 
 C vulpinoidea, Michx. 
 
 C. stipata, Muhl. 
 
 C. sparganioides, Muhl. 
 
 C. cephaloidea, Dew. 
 
 C. cephalophora, Muhl. 
 
 C. rosea, Schk. Prof. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 C. scoparia, Schk. Prof. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 C. straminea, Schk. 
 
 C. " var. typica. M. W. Harring. 
 ton. 
 
206 
 
 HISTORY OF AVASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 C. straminea, var. tenera. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 C. stricta, Lam. 
 
 C. crinita, Lam. 
 
 C. limosa, L. 
 
 C. aurea, Nutt. 
 
 C. granulans, Muhl. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 C. conoidea, Schk. Prof. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 C. gracillima, Schw. 
 
 C. laxiflora, Lam. 
 
 C. Pennsylvanica, Lam. 
 
 C. lanuginosa, Michx. Harrington. 
 
 0. scabrata, Schw. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 C. riparia, Curtis. 
 
 C. comosa, Boott. 
 
 C. hystricina, Willd. 
 
 C. intumescens, Rudge. 
 
 C. Grayii, Carey. Prof. V. M. Spalding. 
 
 Carex lupulina, Muhl. 
 
 C. Tuekermani, Boott. 
 
 Geamine^. 
 
 Leersia Virginica, Willd. 
 
 L. oryzoides, Schwartz. 
 
 Zizania aquatica, L. 
 
 Alopecurus pratensis, L. 
 
 A. aristulatus, Michx. 
 
 Phleum pratense, L. 
 
 Agrostis pereunans, Tuckm. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 A. scabra, Willd. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 A. vulgaris, With. M. W. Harrington. 
 Muhlenbergia diffusa, Schreber. 
 Brachyelytrum aristatum, Beauv. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 Calamagrostis Canadensis, Willd. 
 
 Spartina cynosuroides. Willd. 
 
 Dactylis glomerata, L. 
 
 Kceleria cristata, Pers. Harrington. 
 
 Eatonia obtusata. Gray. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 E. Pennsylvanica, Gray. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 Glyceria elongata, Trin. Harrington. 
 
 G. nervata, Trin. M.W. Harrington. 
 
 G. aquatica. Smith. 
 
 Pea annua, L. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 P. compressa, L. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 P. serotina, Ehrhart. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 P. pratensis, L. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 Eragrostis poseoides, Beauv., var. megas- 
 tachya. 
 
 E. capillaris, Nees. M. W. Harrington. 
 Festuca tenella, Willd. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 F. ovina, L. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 F. elatior, L., var. pratensis. M. W. 
 
 Harrington. 
 F. nutans, Willd. M. W. Harrington. 
 Bromus secalinus, L. 
 
 B. ciliatus, L. 
 
 Phragmites communis, Trin. 
 
 Triticum repens, L. 
 
 Elymus Virginicus, L. M. W. Harring- 
 ton. 
 
 E. Canadensis, L. 
 
 Gymnostichum Hystrix, Schreb. 
 
 Danthonia spicata, Beauv. M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 Avena striata, Michx. 
 
 Aira csespitosa, L. M. W. Han-ington. 
 
 Hierochloa borealis, Roem. & Schultes. 
 
 Phalaris Canariensis, L. 
 
 P. arundinacea, L. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 P. " var. picta. M. W. Har- 
 
 rington. 
 
 Panicum glabrum, Gaudin.^M. W. Har- 
 rington. 
 
 P. sanguinale, L. 
 
 P. capillare, L. 
 
 P. latifolium, L. M. W.fflarrington. 
 
 P. dichotomum, L. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 P. depauperatum, Muhl. M. W. "Har- 
 rington. 
 
 P. Crus-galli, L. 
 
 Setaria glauca, Beauv. 
 
 S. viridis, Beauv. 
 
 ICenchrus tribuloides, L. 
 
 Andropogon f urcatus, Muhl . 
 
 A. scoparius, Michx. 
 
 Sorghum nutans, Gray. 
 
 Equisetaob^. 
 
 Equisetum arvense, L. 
 
 fE. sylvaticum, L. 
 
 E. limosum, L. M. W. Harrington. 
 
 E. hyemale, L. 
 
 PiLIOES. 
 
 Adiantuni pedatum, L. 
 Pteris aquilina, L. 
 Woodwardia Virginica, Smith, 
 f Asplenium angustifolium, Michx. 
 A. thelypteroides, Michx. 
 A. Filix-foemina, Bernh. 
 Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Fee. 
 Aspidium Thelypteris, Swartz. 
 A. Noveboracense, Swartz. 
 A. spiuulosum, var. intermedium. 
 A. spinulosum, var. dilatatum. 
 A. cristatum, var. Clintonianum. 
 A.acrostichoides, Swartz. 
 Cystopteris bulbifera, Bernh. 
 C. fragilis, Bernh. 
 Struthiopteris Germanica, Willd. 
 Onoclea sensibilis, L. 
 Osmunda regalis, L. 
 O. Claytoniana, L. 
 O. cinnamomea, L. 
 Botrychium Virginicum,' Swartz 
 *B. lunaroides, Swartz. 
 
 Ltoopodiaoeje. 
 Selaglnella apus. Spring. 
 
CHAPTEE YII. 
 
 THE TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1835 Gov. Lucas, of Ohio, sent 
 into the Legislature of that State a message claiming jurisdicfion 
 over the territory south of the Maumee Bay, and urging legisla- 
 tion to possess and control it. The Legislative Council of Michi- 
 gan, upon receiving notice of this from the acting Governor, passed 
 an act on the 12th of February, 1835, " to prevent the exercise of 
 foreign jurisdiction within the limits of the Territory of Michigan," 
 whereby it was made highly penal for any one to accept or exercise 
 any public office, in any part of the Territory, except bj' commission 
 from the United States or from Michigan. On the 23d of Febru- 
 ary, the Ohio Legislature passed a series of acts and resolutions 
 asserting jurisdiction over the land in question, declaring that 
 measures should be taken by all the departments of the State Gov- 
 ernment to establish it, extending organized counties so as to cover 
 it, and directing commissioners to run the boundary line, and re- 
 quiring all public officers to extend their authority over it. Gov. 
 Lucas at once notified the county officers to exercise their functions, 
 and the Major-General under whose command the new districts 
 were placed to enroll the inhabitants in the militia; and he deter- 
 mined to attend the spring election in person to see the complete 
 re-organization, and appointed commissioners to meet him at Per- 
 rysburg, on the first of April, to run the line. The Territorial 
 authorities brought the matter to the attention of the President. 
 Congress had adjourned without passing an act giving the land to 
 Ohio, which had been sought by that State, but had failed at two 
 recent successive sessions. Gov. Mason ordered" Gen. Joseph W. 
 Brown, commanding the Michigan militia, to hold himself in readi- 
 ness to resist any attempt of Ohio to carry out the threatened 
 measures; and the Council appropriated money to enable the exec- 
 utive to enforce the laws of the Territory. The Michigan authori- 
 ties used such force as was necessary to repel intrusion and arrest 
 offenders against the law, and the difficulties became vei-y menacing. 
 The Attorney General of the United States decided the Michigan 
 authorities were in the right, and such was the view of the Presi- 
 dent and his advisers; but Messrs. Push and Howard were sent out 
 as commissioners to conciliate matters if possible. It was after- 
 ward claimed by Gov. Lucas, but denied at Washington, that these 
 gentlemen had made an agreement that the Ohio line should be 
 run as claimed, and the people be allowed to follow their individual 
 predilections as to which government they would obey, until the 
 
 (307) 
 
208 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 close of the next session of Congress. It was never pretended that 
 the Michigan authorities consented to this; and if the commissioners 
 had possessed any authority, which the Secretary of State had ex- 
 pressly denied had been attempted to be bestowed on them, such 
 arrangements as the latter, which practically would, be anarchy, 
 would have been at least very unlikely. The Michigan authorities 
 did not accept or act on any such an arrangement, and proceeded 
 to arrest offenders, as before, including a portion of the party of 
 Ohio survey commissioners. Gov. Lucas called an extra session 
 of the Ohio Legislature, and they passed a statute agreeing to the 
 terms, as he asserted them,ofthe United States Commissioners, pro- 
 vided the United States would compel Michigan to respect them; 
 otherwise directing that the Ohio laws should be carried out. The 
 Governor, on the 18th of June, sent in a second message enclosing 
 a sharp correspondence with Washington, in wliich the acting 
 Secretary of State denied the correctness of the Governor's under- 
 standing of the views of the Commissioners and the President, and 
 iiitimated that the latter might find it necessary to interfere with 
 the power of the United States, if Ohio persisted in running the 
 line with an armed escort. 
 
 The Legislature of Ohio had, at the latest session, undertaken to 
 organize a new county named Lucas, covering the seat of dilHculty; 
 and it was understood that it was intended to open court at Toledo 
 on the 7th of September, and that levies of troops had been made 
 to protect the judges in so doing. Gov. Mason thereupon ordered 
 out the Michigan forces, and took possession of Toledo, accompany- 
 ing the troops in person. ISTo opposing forces were encountered by 
 Gov. Mason, and the Michigan levies were led back over the line, 
 and disbanded at their various points of rendezvous. The feeling 
 all over Michigan was intense, and it was fortunate there was no 
 bloodshed.* 
 
 The events of this war, as it is called, partook more of the ludi- 
 crous than the serious, some of which are narrated in the reminis- 
 cence of Morell Goodrich, which are here given: 
 
 INCIDENTS OF THE TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 "TheToledo war occurred in 1835. By General Order No. 1 of 
 that y ear, StevensT. Mason, acting Governor of the Territory of Mich- 
 igan, and Adj't-General Larned, the cavalry company of this 
 place, which was in full bloom and under the command of Capt. Peter 
 Slingerland, commissioned by Gov. Mason, myself holding the com- 
 mission of First Lieutenant of said company, by the same authority, 
 was ordered to rendezvous at the hotel kept by my father in Ann 
 Arbor, for general inspection, and for the purpose of arming and 
 equipping ourselves for the defense of our frontier line between our 
 Territory and the State of Ohio, a dispute having arisen as to the 
 
 * Campbell's History of Michigan. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 209 
 
 original snrvey, whether the line that is now established was correct 
 or not. The disputed Territory embraced a strip of land some seven 
 miles in width, extending west to the Indiana line. We met as 
 above stated, ws inspected and passed muster, but when the time 
 came to advance on the enemy, a difficulty arose as to the horse 
 that I employed in doing duty in our company. It belonged to 
 my father, and he refused to let me have it, for he wisely said he 
 could not afford so valuable an animal to be slaughtered or captured 
 by the foes of our glorious Territory, only on the grounds that 
 the authorities would become responsible for the full value of the 
 animal. Our Colonel informed the proper authorities of our situa- 
 tion, and very soon an order came to have the horse got in line. 
 Accordingly it was equipped according to law, and the line was 
 formed early in the morning. Two appraisers were appointed, viz., 
 my father and Mosely Maynard. The business of appraisal was 
 through with in a hurry. The horse was numbered 85. The company 
 took dinner at father's house. We were immediately ordered to Ypsi- 
 lanti to join a mounted company of that place. The number of that 
 company was 85. When we arrived at Ypsilanti we were ordered to 
 consolidate the two companies. The question then arose (a very im- 
 portant one ) what to do with the extra set of officers. Col. Owen 
 Welch, who was then young and vigorous, as many of us at that 
 time had reason to know, proposed the following plan, viz.: that the 
 officers of each company should throw the dice, and the highest 
 number thrown at three trials should decide the election ; and the 
 men so elected should lead their countrymen on against the brave 
 Euckeyes in the terrible contest now looming up in the distance 
 between the two contending parties. The first in order was Capt. 
 Peter Slingerland, of Ann Arbor, and Captain Forsyth, of Ypsilanti. 
 Capt. Slingerland was elected by six dots. Then came my turn 
 with the First Lieutenant of the Ypsilanti company. I beat him 
 by four dots. Ypsilanti got the Second Lieutenant and Ann Arbor 
 the Ensign. That question settled, our Colonel was transferred to 
 the militia. Then came General Order No. i, which was to pro- 
 mote our Captain to Major, to take charge of our detachment until 
 we could join the rest of our brigade at headquarters at Monroe or 
 Toledo. This mad& a vacancy in our ranks, and as a result 1 was 
 promoted to the captaincy, and the balance of the officers were pro- 
 moted for the same cause and in the same way, by our command- 
 ing officers. There was only one more office to be filled, and that 
 was done by the two companies. My impression is that an Ypsi- 
 lanti man was appointed, but it might have been James Welch, of 
 Ann Arbor; I am not sure. 
 
 " Our headquarters were on the east side of the river, in a hotel 
 kept by Dr. Andrews. How proud and haughty ( not to say inso- 
 lent ) we were that we came out ahead of the Ypsilanti boys. They 
 appeared rather down-hearted, but whether it was caused by their 
 failure to secure the prominent officers, or the terrible prospect 
 before them, I cannot say, but we cheered them up and gave them 
 
210 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the best the house afforded in provisions and a superabundance of 
 good whiskj ( not the 40-rod of the present day ). It had the 
 effect to make them, as well as us, valorous and remarkably 
 courageous. We were gritty as hyenas and boasted greatl}'' of our 
 ability to whip our cursed enemies, the Buckeyes, who were un- 
 pardonable trespassers on our soil, — the very soil that our great 
 Congressmen had bequeathed to us and our posterity. We would 
 show them that we could whip them five to one. We would not 
 leave a man of them to tell the awful tale to their friends, of their 
 destruction; their braves should fall beneath our conquering heroes, 
 and terrible should be the slaughter. ^Vords like these fell from 
 the lips of our noble chieftains, and were echoed back by the noble 
 patriots who composed the rank and file of our beautiful Territory. 
 Our country being rich in resources, the boys went their length in 
 rations for that night at least. The next morning the Major issued 
 his first order, Order Eo. 6. It was to this effect: Drilling the 
 brigade from 6 to 8 o'clock, then from 10 to 12, then from 2 to 4. 
 This service continued only one or two days, as we were soon ordered 
 to the front, or to the headquarters then at Toledo. 
 
 " Our first day's march carried us to Knaggs' tavern, 10 miles 
 west of Monroe, on the Kiver Eaisin. Our Quartermaster, of course, 
 went in advance of our columns to prepare quarters for the night, 
 for our own men, but no others. The officers had no reason to 
 find fault with him for he made ample provision for them. He 
 obtained permission of Maj. Knaggs that the officers should occupy 
 the house; the horses were to occupy the barn. He got good quar- 
 ters for the men in a small field near the house and barn. Here 
 they pitched their tents for the night, after receiving strict orders 
 from myself not to touch a thing belonging to the Major; not even 
 the smallest thing should they appropriate that belonged to Major 
 Knaggs. The Major was present when the order was given, and 
 heard it. I was very explicit and told them distinctly that should 
 they disobey the order a most terrible penalty would be certain to 
 follow. I said, should any be caught in the act of stealing from the 
 Mnjor, or doing any harm to him or his property, for any such 
 misdemeanor I should certainly report them to headquarters and 
 have them court-martialed. The men gave three heart}' cheers 
 for the Captain, all pledging themselves to obey my order to the 
 letter. So I left them in charge of the Ensign and lower officers 
 until morning. The officers were provided with a bountiful sup- 
 per by Major Knaggs at his own expense. Moses Kogers was Sec- 
 ond Sergeant and my Orderly. He took the care of my horse as 
 well as his own. We all, officers and privates, fared as well as 
 could be expected under the circumstances. 
 
 " Next morning we were all on hand at reveille, which took 
 place at five o'clock. The first man I met after the roll was called 
 was Rogers. I asked how matters were. He said that the Quar- 
 termaster had furnished treble rations, the horses were getting 
 fat, and that the cooks were preparing breakfast for all the oflacers 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENA^V COUNTY. 211 
 
 and men, and that I Lad better eat with them, for they had been 
 to a little extra trouble to get rations for the officers. I left him 
 and passed on. The next man I met was Knaggs. He was in a 
 terrible rage, as mad as a hatter. I said, 'Knaggs, wliat is up?' 
 He said the boys of my company had stolen five or six swarms of 
 his bees, all his ducks and chickens, ail his decanters, tumblers, 
 with three or four casks of liquor out of his bar, and what else, 
 God only knew. He said he would soon find thera out and have 
 them brought to justice. I said to him it could not have been my 
 men, for they would not disobey my orders, especially after giving 
 the charge I did last night, and which he heard. ' It cannot be 
 possible,' said 1; but I will have the roll called after breakfast, and 
 put them in line, and have them examined by Major Slingerland 
 and yourself. I will also be present, and if we find any who show 
 signs of guilt, 1 wil! have him dealt with severely by a court-mar- 
 tial.' This seemed to satisfy the old man for the time being. 
 Yery soon we were called to breakfast, and found that the Quarter- 
 master had made ample preparations, as the following bill of fare 
 will indicate: Roast beef, roast pork, ducks, chickens, tijrkeys, 
 geese, butter, honey, wheat bread and coffee of the first quality 
 were all among the eatables. I asked the boys how thej' got all 
 these extra rations. The only answer given to the Major and 
 myself was, that the commissary had furnislied them. That officer 
 being present we questioned him. He said he did furnish a part 
 or the whole of them, and plead in justification that the Territory 
 was rich and could afford her fighting men good rations. I related 
 to him the charges made by Knaggs to myself. He said he would 
 clear the company from all such charges, ' for,' said he, ' the militia 
 have encamped near another tavern, about -one mile above us, and 
 they were caught stealing honey and chickens, and had even killed 
 a fine ox that was owned by the tavern-keeper.' I said that did 
 not excuse the men under my command. If any of them were 
 found guilty, the Major and myself would certainlj' have them 
 severely punished. 
 
 "At that moment Major Knaggs came in, and to my great sur- 
 prise accused my men of stealing his honey, poultry, etc. He said 
 the proof was plain enough, for they might be seen on the table. 
 The commissary stated that he bought the beef, pork, and other 
 eatables yesterday, and he could prove it by Hatch, the teamster, 
 for our company. Hatch said the commissary had stated the facts, 
 and further stated that he had been up to the other camp, and had 
 King and a number of others up for stealing honey and other 
 things, including ducks and beef This rather cooled Knaggs down 
 somewhat, but said he would not be satisfied until I had the com- 
 pany in line, and had them all examined. I was entirely willing, 
 and even anxious that his desire should be complied with. I, of 
 course, wanted to clear the boys, if not guilty, and was willing to 
 do any thing for them I could as their chief officer. So I ordered 
 James Welch, my orderly, to form the company into two ranks, 
 
'212 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 open file of three feet space, giving the Major a good chance to 
 examine each man. Lie commenced on the right of tlie company, 
 and all went well until he came to one of the corporals, by the 
 naiiie of Wicoff. I noticed that his left arm and chest were badly 
 swollen; the arm was a size or two larger than the other. Knaggs 
 at that moment came up, and said we had at last got the right 
 chap. I asked WicofF what the matter was with his arm, and 
 what means that swollen face, and what is the cause of this excess- 
 ive rotundity of person just at this time. He said he was detailed 
 yesterday to guard the baggage wagon, with four others detailed 
 for the same purpose under me. ' I became tired of riding on horse- 
 back, and tied my horse to the teamster's wagon, and got on the 
 load with him; the wheels suddenly falling into a deep rut, 1 was 
 thrown from the wagon, and struck on my face and left arm, caus- 
 ing extreme pain and enormous swelling of my chest.' In fact, it 
 came near killing him. 1 said to him: 'I for one give great credit 
 to your statement; but I fear the Major will require you to prove 
 it.' ' I do,' said Knaggs. I then called an orderly — Welch — to 
 inform me whether Wicoff was detailed as he had stated. He said 
 he was. Hatch, the teamster, being questioned, corroborated 
 Wicofl's story. The four men who were detailed with him stated 
 the same thing. This satisfied Knaggs. So the coast was now 
 clear and we finished the rear rank, finding no further evidence of 
 disorderly conduct, and the matter ended satisfactorily to Knaggs. 
 
 "About that time, Capt. Crane's detachment came past, bring- 
 ing reports that the militia were stealing everything they could lay 
 their hands on. So my company got clear from this time, and were 
 ordered by Major Slingerland to mount and proceed forthwith to 
 Monroe, which order was promptly obeyed. We arrived there 
 about noon, and took our dinner in the court-house square. The 
 dinner consisted of the remains of the rations furnished by the 
 commissary the day before, as I have stated, except the contents of 
 Major Knaggs' bar. The men, the night before, by orderof the com- 
 missary — a respectable man from Detroit, appointed by Governor 
 Mason — ordered a guard of eight men to draw from Knaggs' bar 
 its contents, and start business down by the side of the River Kaisin. 
 They obeyed orders, and deposited the liquor in a still place in the 
 river, and there it lay safely until the line of march was taken up 
 the next morning, and then it was carefully taken up out of the 
 river, placed in one of the baggage wagons, and conveyed to Mon- 
 roe, where the company dealt it out to the men for their grog rations 
 at their dinner. Knaggs followed on the trail; but he v^as not any 
 wiser, for he never found out about the liquor. Major Slingerland 
 took the commissary in hand about the matter, but could get no 
 satisfaction further than that he had given Knaggs an order on the 
 Territory for an amount that would cover the value of his liquor. 
 So ended that chapter. 
 
 "From Monroe, we were ordered to proceed immediately to the 
 disputed Territory on the line that divided us from Ohio. We ar- 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 213 
 
 rived there on the evening of the day we left Monroe. On arriving 
 there, our company formed a line- in front of a tavern. The Quar- 
 termaster went into the house to secure quarters for the officers and 
 stabling for the horses. The landlord drove him out, not with the 
 point of the bayonet, but with an ax, and ordered us from the 
 premises, calling us rebels and traitors to the country. He said he 
 would have the regular army called out to defend him and his 
 property. But it was of no use to resist the invincible host from 
 the Wolverine State. 
 
 " Orders were given, however, as usual, to respect the man's 
 property, and our arm}' was ordered to pitch their tents in the most 
 convenient place that could be found. A strong guard was stationed 
 to keep off the enemy and protect ourselves. The officers found 
 quarters in the house, and the commissary furnished abundant ra- 
 tions for the officers, men and horses, from the landlord's cattle- 
 yards, roosts and granaries, all, ot course, in accordance vritli army 
 regulations. The landlord and his family were put under guard, 
 lest they should pass through our lines into the Territory of our 
 enemies, and thus frustrate the grand objects and designs of our 
 Government, for we were aware of the fact that should tlie Buck- 
 eyes be notified of our extreme weakness (only 150 strong), they 
 might make a Bull Run advance on us and use us up. Capt. A. D. 
 Crane with his Dexter braves and another company were far in the 
 rear to give us immediate aid, and we had to do the best we could 
 under the circumstances. 
 
 "We kept our enemies under heavy guard that night. A picket 
 guard was ordered out. A scouting party was also sent out. In the 
 morning the scouts returned with the cheering news that it was all 
 quiet at the i'ront. They also reported that they were very fortu- 
 nate in capturing many of our enemies. But I was so unfortunate 
 as not to see any of tiie captured men. What a night that was for 
 us poor officers and soldiers. Think of the blood that was shed and 
 the awful carnage that followed such a terrible war. The fatigue 
 resulting from our long marches was, of course, almost intolerable. 
 The terrible conflicts with our foes, how they loom up in history! 
 After this fearful night, we breakfasted on the remains of beef, 
 chickens and honej', provided by our commissary the day before. 
 
 "We were soon ordered to mount and march in close columns, 
 lest some of our men might straggle off and be gobbled up by the 
 enemy. We were now in the enemy's country, and orders came 
 from Major Slingerland to make Toledo our headquarters, that be- 
 ing the place where our Governor had made his headquarters. In 
 due time we arrived there, and made our report to the Adjutant 
 General. We soon went into camp upon the farm of Major Stick- 
 ney, of the Ohio militia. He was grit to the back-bone. He 
 threatened summary vengeance upon our men if they were so pre- 
 sumptuous as to put a finger upon anything belonging to him. But 
 his threat availed nothing with onr invincibles. His barns were 
 filled with hay and grain of all kinds. Our worn-out horses grate- 
 
214 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 fully acknowledged tlie kindness olour Quartermaster in the ample 
 provisions made for their wants, and with appetites, almost un- 
 paralleled in the annals of war, resulting from long marches and 
 short feed, they stowed away large quantities of the Major's fodder, 
 not thinking, 1 suppose, of the awful threats of the owner. 
 
 " While the men were engaged in removing the Major's fodder 
 from his barns to our camp, he with his rebel horde, consisting of 
 about 20 men and boys, fell upon our men with pistols, pitchforks, 
 clubs and other deadly weapons; but our brave boys, feeling the im- 
 portance of tlie great work before tliem, were invincible, and had 
 but little trouble in keeping the rebels at bay. When one portion 
 of our formidable army became fatigued, another force would be 
 employed. This kind of skirmishing was kept up for a wliole week, 
 each day, until the Major's forage was used up. 
 
 " During all this time our army was duly drilled, with scouts in 
 the country to report the probable strength of the enemy. The re- 
 ports were duty forwarded to headquarters, by orderlies who were 
 on duty day and night, and it is not yet known how many horses 
 were killed in the great haste to give information to the comman- 
 der-in-chief. This was all important, as it was feared that unless 
 constant dispatches were conveyed to our army, the rebels would 
 surprise us and annihilate our entire force. Thus we defended our 
 beautiful country. But soon an adjustment of the matter was 
 efiected and our noble army returned to their homes and their dis- 
 consolate families, without the loss of a single man or an ounce of 
 human blood. But notwithstanding our bravery and the im- 
 mense suffering from long and frequent marches, oiir Government 
 has entirely forgotten us in the bestowtnent of pensions, either in 
 money or lands." 
 
 In 1836 a bill was presented to the Legislature by Lewis E. Bailey 
 for the loss of ahorse in defending the Territory in this campaign. 
 The bill was rejected, and again presented in 1837, and repeated 
 each year until 1846, when the wise men then representing the State 
 figured the thing up and concluded it would be cheaper to pay off 
 the bill of $50, with interest, than to pay for printing it each year, 
 and also the Legislators engaged in considering it. The bill was 
 paid, and that was the last the public ever heard of the Toledo war. 
 
 state's eights. 
 
 In the act of Congress providing for the admission of Michigan 
 into the Union was contained a proviso that the people should 
 accept a boundary line about seven miles north of the original line. 
 While the people of the Territory were anxious that it should form 
 a part of the Union, they were not willing to give up any of their 
 vested rights. The boundary line had been decided many years 
 previous]y,and the Territory had always exercised undisputed juris- 
 diction over the strip of land in dispute, and therefore did not pro- 
 pose to surrender it without protest. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 215 
 
 In no part of tlie Territory was there more interest manifested in 
 this matter than in Washtenaw county. Public meetings were lield 
 almost daily for some months, and the question freely discussed. 
 The party favoring the acceptance of the terms of Congress were 
 called " Submissionists," while the party opposed were denomi- 
 nated " State's Rights." The Territorial Council ordered an election 
 held for delegates to a Convention be held at Ann Arbor to decide 
 whether assent should be given. In Washtenaw county, two tickets 
 were nominated. The State's Rights party placed in the field Seth 
 Markham, Michael P. Stubbs, Marcus Lane, Ebenezer H. Conklin, 
 G. P. Jefferies, Eluathan Noble, G. W. Glover; while the Submis- 
 sionists nominated Edward Mundy, Henry Compton, A. Davis, R. 
 Pnrdy, S. H. Bradley, S. Downs, F. J. B. Crane. The contest was 
 a spirited one on both sides, and resulted in the election of the 
 State's Rights ticket by a majority of 210, out of a total vote of 
 1,730. 
 
 A majority of State's Rights men were elected throughout the 
 State, and the Convention refused to assent to the proposal of Con- 
 gress, as will be seen by the following proceedings of tiie 
 
 STATE CONVENTION. 
 
 In pursuance of an act of Congress passed June 15, 18B6, and 
 an act of the Territorial Legislature of Michigan, passed July 25, 
 1836, for the purpose of taking into consideration the proposition 
 of Congress relative to the admission of the Territory as a State 
 into the LTnion, a Convention was held at the court-house in Ann 
 Arbor, the 26th day of September, 1836. 
 
 The sole question under consideration in this Convention seems 
 to have been the demand made by the State of Ohio for a long, 
 narrow, quadrangular strip of land on the southern border, includ- 
 ing part of what is now called the " Great Swamp," near Toledo. 
 By the terms of the act of Congress organizing the !N"orthwest Ter- 
 ritory, this strip of land belonged to Michigan, and exclusive juris- 
 diction was exercised over it as a pai»t of Michigan up to 1835. At 
 that date the building of the Miami canal and the rise of the village 
 of Toledo made the people of that region anxious to become a part 
 of Ohio; and Ohio, of course, was anxious to preserve the outlet 
 of a canal which had been built mainly with her money. Ohio 
 being the great State of the West at that time, and strongly repre- 
 sented in Congress, while Michigan had only a single delegate 
 without any vote, the contest became unequal, and Michigan went 
 to the wall. The following preamble and resolutions were passed 
 by the Convention: 
 
 Whereas, The Congress of the United States, by an act entitled " An Act to 
 establish the northern boundary of the State of Ohio, and to provide for the admis- 
 sion of the State of Michigan into the Union, upon the conditions therein expressed; " 
 approved June 15, 1836, did enact and declare "that the constitution and State 
 Government, which the people of Michigan have formed for themselves, be and the 
 same is hereby accepted, ratified and confirmed; and that the said State of Michi- 
 
216 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 gau sball be and is hereby declared to be one of the United States of America, 
 and is hereby admitted into the Union, upon an equal footing with the original 
 States in all respects whatsoever," thereby acknowledging our Constitution as 
 republican, and in accordance with the Constitution of the United States, and the 
 ordinance of 1787; 
 
 And Whereas, Congress has also in said act inserted a proviso proposing a radi- 
 cal alteration of our southei-n and southeastern boundary, secured to us by the 
 articles of compact contained in the aforesaid ordinance of 1787, — and which, if 
 acceded to by the people of Michigan, would deprive us of all jurisdiction over 
 the waters of Lake Erie, and gratuitously bestow on Ohio the exclusive jurisdiction 
 on the waters of said lake, from the Pennsylvania line to the mouth of Detroit 
 river; a gift, the extent of which (we believe) neither Congress nor the State of Ohio 
 fully comprehended; and has required the people of this State to give their assent 
 to the aforesaid change of boundaries, by a convention of delegates to be by 
 them elected; 
 
 And Whereas, The Legislature of this State, without any authority derived from 
 our constitution, by an act entitled "An Act to provide for the election of dele- 
 gates to a convention," refer particularly to said act of Congress, and seem to adopt 
 it as the basis of their action and to acknowledge the power therein assumed by 
 Congress; 
 
 And Whereas, This Convention, taking into consideration the just rights of Mich- 
 igan, as respects her southern andsoutheastern boundary, and also her constitution, 
 embracing that part of our Territory claimed by Ohio, and believing that the assent 
 required by the said proviso cannot be given by us without a palpable violation of 
 our constitution (which provides the only way in which it can be amended and over 
 which this Convention b^s no control), without a sacrifice of our rights and interests 
 and without committing an act of self-degredation, — therefore 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention cannot give their assent to the proposition con- 
 tained in said proviso, but the same is hereby rejected. 
 
 Resohecl, Unaniuiously, that this Convention do most solemnly protest against the 
 right of the Congress of the United States to attach any such condition as that con- 
 tained in the Act of Congress of June 15, 1836; as being contrary to the articles 
 of compact cootained in the ordinance of 1787, and the constitution and the State 
 government, which the people of Michigan have formed for themselves and sub- 
 mitted to Congress, — it being of a republican character and so conceded by its rati- 
 fication and acceptance, as declared in the second section of the aforesaid act of 
 Congress. 
 
 Resolved, Unanimously, that all questions, touching the conflicting claims of 
 States to jurisdiction or sovereignty ought of right to be adjudicated whenever 
 they are found to exist, by negotiation between the States interested, subject to a 
 subsequent ratification by the Congress of the United States, or by an appeal or 
 resort to the highest judicial tribunal of this Union. 
 
 Resolved, That a select committee of three be appointed, whose duty it shall be to 
 prepare, in behalf of this Convention, and forward to the President of the United 
 States, a communication to accompany the preamble and resolutions passed by this 
 Convention. 
 
 Resolved, That three delegates be selected by this Convention, who are hereby 
 requested to visit Washington during the approaching session of Congress to co- 
 operate with our Senators and Representatives in Congress, for the promotion of 
 the cause, interests and eights of the people of this State. 
 
 Resolved, That a select committee of five members be appointed to draft an 
 address to the electors of this State, expressive of the views if this Convention. 
 
 Resolved, That this Convention have entire confidence in the validity of the con- 
 stitution of the State of Michigan, and of the laws passed in conformity thereto; 
 and recommend to the people of this State a due observance of and obedience to 
 the same. 
 
 Resolved, That the preamble and resolutions passed by this Convention, touching the 
 admission of this State into the Union, be signed officially by the President and 
 Secretaries, and forwarded to the President of the United States, without delay, 
 accompanied by the memorial to be prepared by the committee appointed for that 
 purpose. 
 
 Done in Convention this 30th day of September, 1836. 
 
 (Signed,) 
 
 „ . ^ Wm. Deapbe, President. 
 
 Charles A. Jbefbribs, ) a 
 
 Samuel YoRKE At Lee, Secretaries. 
 
HISTOJBT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 217 
 
 Mr. Ellis presented a commnuication from Ira Smith and 30 
 others, inhabitants of Toledo, in tiie disputed territory, claiming 
 to be citizens of Michigan, and as such, asking her protection, and 
 solemnly protesting against the power of the Convention to sur- 
 render to Ohio the district of country lying north of the Fulton 
 line, in which they have purchased lands of the general Govern- 
 ment, and that, inasmuch as they have aided in forming the con- 
 stitution of the State of Michigan, they denj' the power of 
 Congress to divest them of their rights and privileges under the 
 same. 
 
 The following communications were read to the Convention: 
 
 Sbcbetart op State's Office.) 
 Detroit, Sept. 31, 1836.) 
 To the President of the State Convention : 
 
 Sir, — In obedience to the direction of the Executive, I have the honor to transmit 
 to the Convention a copy of the report of the Commissioners appointed ' ' to ascer- 
 tain the correct position of a due northeast line from the most northwardly cape of 
 the Maumee bay to the northern boundary of the II. S. I also transmit the acts 
 passed at the First Session of the Twenty-fourth Congress of the United States, 
 embracing the several a'cts relative to the establishment of the southern boundary 
 of this State, and her admission as a member of the Union. 
 
 I am, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant, 
 
 KlNTZING PeITCHETTE, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 MoNEOE, Sept. 8, 1836. 
 
 The undersigned have the honor to report that they have carefully discharged the 
 dut}' assigned them, 'viz.: to ascertain the correct position of a due northeast line 
 from the most northwardly cape of the Maumee bay to the northern boundary of 
 the United States; the line being one of the boundaries to which the recent act of 
 Congress requires the assent of the State of Michigan by a change of her present 
 constitution. 
 
 We find that a line running due northeast from the outer north cape (commonly 
 called "the North cape") of the Maumee or Miami bay, passes River Eaisin point 
 at the distance of four miles and intersects the northern boundary of the United 
 States at a distance of four miles aad a half S. E. Point Mouillee. 
 
 We also find that the most northwardly cape (or point) within the Maumee bay, 
 lies about three miles northwestwardly from tlie cape above mentioned; and that a 
 line running due northeast therefrom passes Stony Point at the distance of about 
 one mile S. E.; Raisin point at the distance of seven-eighths of a mile S. E., and 
 intersects the northern boundary of the United States at the distance of one and a 
 half miles from Point Mouillee. Of course, neither of these lines touches either 
 Eaisin point, Stony point or Point Mouillee. 
 
 A minute and detailed report accompanied by a proper map to illustrate it will 
 be forwarded as soon as it can be prepared. 
 
 H. Smith, 
 Nathan Hubble. 
 
 A true copy. 
 
 KusTTZiNG Peitohettb, Secretary of State. 
 
 Original Report op the Committee of Engineers, on the Southeastern 
 Boundary of Michigan: 
 The undersigned Committee of Eagineers, appointed by your Excellency to sur- 
 vey and ascertain the true situation in reference to the lake coast of this State, of 
 the line denominated by the act of Congress, on the 15th of June, 1836, as the line 
 to be run northeast, "from the most northwardly cape of the Miami bay," to the 
 Territorial line, being the same line proposed and submitted to the people of this 
 State, for their acceptance or rejection, as the boundary line between Michigan and 
 Ohio, state that they have carefully attended to the duties assigned them, and do 
 make the following 
 
218 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Since Captain Hemy Smitli left us, we proceeded to tlie River Raisin liglitliouse, 
 and then liaving taken tlie bearing of tlie Turtle Island lighthouse, which we could 
 clearly discover, we formed a base line from the first mentioned lighthouse to the 
 River Raisin point, by which we were enabled to connect with some degree of 
 accuracy, the position of the several points before ascertained, in relation to the 
 anticipated eastern boundary of the State of Michigan. As we had previ- 
 ously in connection with Captain Henry Smith explored the Miami bay, taken 
 the bearings of the two capes which are there discovered, and of the Turtle Island 
 lighthouse, we were, therefore, led by means of the last observations made by us, at 
 the River Raisin lighthouse, enabled to connect the points west of the Miami bay 
 with the River Raisin and Stony points. The two capes above alluded to, on the 
 northeast side of the Miami bay, are separated from each other by the distance of 
 about three miles; and the westwardly one of which lies northwardly from the 
 other about one and a half miles. We have, therefore, drawn two lines parallel 
 with each other, one from each of the aforesaid capes, running a northeastwardly 
 course. From which, it appears that a northeast course from the most eastwardly 
 and more southerly cape will pass southeast of Stony point about four miles, and 
 southeast of River Raisin point about three miles and seven-eighths of a mile; 
 and that a northeast course from the more eastwardly and ' ' most northwardly cape " 
 will pass southeast of said Stony point, at a distance of about one mile, and south- 
 east of River Raisin point, at the distance only of about seven-eighths of a mile. 
 
 We have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servants, 
 
 Heney Disbrow, 
 Nathan Hubble. 
 
 I coincide in the above. 
 
 H. Smith. 
 
 MoNKOE, Sept. 10, 1836. 
 
 It will thus be seen the Convention rejeuted the proposition of 
 Congress for good and sufficient reasons. 
 
 SECOND CONVENTION. 
 
 Many of tlie people of the 8tate were dissatisfied with the action 
 of the Convention held in September, and a call was accordingly 
 issued for a delegate Convention to be held at Ann Arbor, Dec. 
 14, 1836, to again consider the question of giving assent to the 
 proposition of Congress. This Convention was accordingly held 
 the date mentioned, Washtenaw county being represented by Nel- 
 son H. Wing, Salmon Champion, Jr., Nathaniel Noble, Lyman 
 Downer, James Huston, Esek Pray, George W. Jewett, Solomon 
 SoutherLand, Samuel Denton, Samuel B. Bradley, Elisha Congdon, 
 Stoddard W. Twitchell, Jesse Warner. 
 
 Hon. Edward Mundy, of Ann Arbor, Lieutenant-Governor, and 
 Hon. William A. Fletcher, Chief Justice, were invited to take seats 
 within the bar of the Convention. The clergy of Ann Arbor were 
 invited to attend and open the Convention with prayer. 
 
 John R. Williams was elected President of the Convention, and, 
 upon taking his seat, returned thanks for the honor conferred, and 
 then said : " The period has arrived when we can no longer post- 
 pone efficient measures to secure to onr rising political star of the 
 confederacy those advantages inseparable from, and to be obtained 
 only by, our admission into the Union. I cannot doubt but that our 
 proceedings will readily and permanently secure to the people of 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 219 
 
 the State those positive advantages which can be secured to them 
 in no manner so eifectually as by our admission into the Union. 
 Our country, and the district we inhabit, is eminently calcu- 
 lated to snstain a dense population; our climate, our soil, our 
 navigable and commercial advantages, are unrivaled by any other 
 State in the Union. Much depends upon our exertions and the 
 wisdom of our councils to unfold, accelerate, and perpetuate those 
 advantages." 
 
 Preambles and resolutions were offered by Mr. Wilkins, of 
 Wayne; Mr. Bridges, of Cass; and Mr. Morey, of Lenawee. Each 
 of these set forth in substance that the people of the State gave 
 assent to the conditions imposed by Congress for the admission of 
 the State, while at the same time protesting against Congress pre- 
 scribing such conditions. The resolutions were referred to a com- 
 mittee, which reported, setting fortii the conditions and boundary 
 lines fixed by Congress, argued the legality of the acts of this Con- 
 vention, protested against Congress making conditions preliminary 
 to the admission of the State as unconstitutional, but believing the 
 interest and prosperity of the State would be advanced by immedi- 
 ate admission into the Union, and feeling solicitous to give to sister 
 States and the world unequivocal proof of a desire to pi-omote tran- 
 quillity and harmony in the Union, and to perpetuate the unity, lib- 
 erty and prosperity of the country; therefore, the following resolu- 
 tion was passed: 
 
 '■'■Resolved, By the people of Michigan, in Convention assembled, 
 that the assent required, in the foregoing recited act, of the Con- 
 ress of the United States, is hereby given." 
 
 A letter was also Di-epared, addressed to the President of the 
 United States, setting xbrth the state of affairs in the Territory of 
 Michigan, the manner of the call, and the election of delegates to 
 the Convention, showing that all the acts had been in accordance 
 with the acts of Congress, and asking admission at once to the 
 Union. 
 
 Tbe Convention passed a resolution fixing the allowance to 
 members of the Convention, and authorizing the fiscal agent to 
 audit and pay all expenses of the Convention, including the pay 
 and mileage of the members, and to present to the next session 
 of the Legislature an account of the moneys disbursed by him. 
 
 After authorizing the publication of the proceedings in pam- 
 phlet form, and returning the thanks of the Convention to the 
 President for the able manner in which he discharged his duties, 
 the Convention adjourned sine die. 
 
CHAPTER VIIL 
 
 COURTS AND BAR OP WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The first law ever formulated was that by the Almighty when he 
 placed Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden, and commanded that 
 they should not eat of the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good 
 and evil under penalty of death. The law was violated, the sin of 
 Adam's transgression entailed upon the human race, and the pro- 
 mulgation of other laws was re;idered necessary. As a natural 
 consequence, courts of justice became a necessity. These courts 
 have been changed from time to time by the law-making powers, 
 as thought would best subserve the interest of the people. 
 
 COUNTY COPET. 
 
 The first court established in Washtenaw county was that known 
 as the county court. Its first session was held at tlie house of 
 Erastus Priest, in the village of Ann Arbor, the third Monday in 
 January, 1827, in conformity to an act of the Territorial council, 
 establishing the time and place for holding court in this county. 
 Hon. Samuel W. Dexter, Chief Justice, and Hon. Oliver Whitmore, 
 Associate, appeared and constituted said court. David E. Lord 
 was the clerk. 
 
 The following named answered to the call, and were sworn as the 
 first grand jury in Washtenaw county: Thomas Lacrider, Willard 
 Hall, Jonathan Kirk, John Dix, Jonathan Ely, Josiah Rosecrants, 
 Luke H. Whitmore, Henry Himmel, Anthony Case, C. Osterhout, 
 David Hardy, Isaac Hull, Samuel Camp, Alva Brown, Roswell 
 Britton, Levi Hiscock, Joseph H. Peck, Andrew Mclnster, Rufus 
 Pomeroy, Levi B. Pratt, Jason Cross, E. W. Rumsey. 
 
 The records of the clerk of the court state that " an appropriate 
 charge was delivered to the jury, suitable to the occasion, by the 
 chief justice." 
 
 0. D. Richardson was appointed by the court Prosecuting 
 Attorney pro tein. in the absence of B. F. H. Witherell, the regu- 
 lar prosecutor. 
 
 The first business transacted was the application of Nathan 
 Thomas, John Allen and Jason Cross, for license to retail 
 " strong or spirituous liquors," which ended the proceedings of the 
 court for that day. 
 
 On Tuesday morning, on the assembling of the court, "Joseph 
 W. Tong, O. D Richardson and B. F. H. Witherell came forward 
 and took the oath as attorneys and counsellors-at-law, in conformity 
 to the rules of the court." 
 
 (230) 
 
iT^A^ 
 
 r 1' '1 't''', " 
 
 FIRST probate: judge of mASHTENA W COUNTY 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 223 
 
 The venire issued to the sheriff for a petit jury was returned, and 
 the following named persons answered to the call: Jonathan Train, 
 Isaac Sims, Wm. Edy, Joseph Mayo, Thomas Chambers, Alexander 
 Laverty, George W. Allen, Eldridge Gee, Isaac Powers, Samuel 
 Higgins, J. W. Bird, James Pooling. 
 
 Mr. Witherell made a motion in favor of the admission of Elisha 
 Belcher as an attorney and counsellor at this court, and after dis- 
 cussion, it was decided that he was not eligible. The next proceed- 
 ings are thus recorded by the clerk : 
 
 " John Allen made application through his attorney for a license 
 to keep tavern. The court being satisfied that said tavern was 
 necessary for the accommodation of travelers, ordered a license to be 
 issued, Cyrus Beckwith and Martin Davis having entered into a 
 recognizance with him. 
 
 " By order of the court, Nathan Thomas was permitted to receive 
 a tavern license, James Pulling and Isaac Powers having entered 
 recognizance with him. 
 
 " Also, by order of the court, Benjamin J. Woodruff was per- 
 mitted to receive a tavern license, Wm. Edy and Isaac Sims having 
 entered into a recognizance with him. 
 
 " The following persons came forward and were sworn as wit- 
 nesses to go before the grand jury: Martin Davis, Samuel Camp, 
 David Hardy, A. H. Reading, Samuel Higgins, Elisha Belcher, 
 Erastus Priest, Wm. Thrall, H. J. Burnham and Enos Tichenor." 
 
 A bill of indictment was found against Erastus Priest by the 
 grand jury, for selling liquor in less quantities than one quart, with- 
 out license therefor. The indictment was in the name of the United 
 States. The court at once proceeded to try the case, the regular 
 panel being accepted. B. F. H. Witherell appeared for the people 
 and 0. D. Richardson for the defendant. The following is the 
 indictment: 
 
 Michigan Territory, County Court of the County of Washtenaw. 
 
 At the January term in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
 twenty-seven, the Grand Jurors of the United States of America, enquiring in and 
 for the body of the county of Washtenaw, aforesaid, upon their oaths present that 
 Erastus Priest, late of the county of Washtenaw, aforesaid, yeoman, on the first day 
 of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, 
 at Ann Arbor, in the county and Territory aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of 
 the County Court of the county of Washtenaw, aforesaid, did then and there sell 
 for money, rum and wine by less quantity than one quart; he, the said Erastus 
 Priest, then and there not having a license or permit to keep a tavern, against the 
 peace and dignity of the United States of America, and against the Statute of the 
 Territory of Michigan in such cases made and provided. 
 
 B. F. H. WiTHEEELL, 
 
 District Attorney, 
 
 Nicholas Mallet, Alva Brown, Samuel Camp, Martin Davis, Asa 
 H. Reading, Elisha Belcher and Enos Tichenor were witnesses on 
 the part of the United States, and David Brown witness for defend- 
 ant. The clerk in his record adds: "The case was advocated ably 
 by the respective attorneys. The jury retired about two hours, and 
 
 14 
 
224 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 returned into court and said severally that the defendant was not 
 guilty. A motion was made by the plantiff's attorney that the 
 prisoner be discharged; accordingly the motion prevailed and he 
 was discharged.*' 
 
 This was the only case tried at this term of court. The only 
 other biisiness transacted was action on the application of Rev. Will- 
 iam Page for a license to celebrate the rites of matrimony. The 
 court, being satisfied the credentials of Mr. Page were proper, 
 granted the license. 
 
 CIECUIT COURT. 
 
 The Circuit Court of the county of Washtenaw — a court estab- 
 lished by an act of the Legislative Council of the Territory, approved 
 April 13, 1827, and presided over by one of the judges of the 
 Supreme Court of the Territory, held its first session in the county 
 in November, 1829. It was presided over by Hon. William Wood- 
 bridge. Its last session appears by the record to have been held 
 in June, 1833. 
 
 By an act of the Legislative Council, approved April 15,1833, the 
 judges of the Supreme Court were relieved from holding the 
 Circuit Courts, and a circuit judge appointed for that purpose. 
 Hon. Willian A. Fletcher was appointed to this office, and held the 
 Circuit Courts here from 1833 until the Territorial Courts were 
 superseded by the judicial tribunals organized under the State 
 Constitution. The same act, however, retained tlie old Circuit 
 Court organization, but changed its name to that of the Superior 
 Circuit Court of the Territory of Michigan, and confined its juris- 
 diction mainly to the decisions of questions of law. This court 
 continued to hold its sessions in this county until the Territorial 
 government ceased. 
 
 The first court held in the county after the organization of the 
 State government, was the Circuit Court for the county of Wash- 
 tenaw. The Circuit Courts of the several counties in the State were, 
 by statute, required to be held by one of the judges of the Supreme 
 Court of the State, and to the circuit embracing Washtenaw, with 
 several other counties, Hon. Wm. A Fletcher, who had been 
 appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Bench, was assigned as 
 Presiding Judge. The first term of said court commenced here 
 November 8, 1836, and Judge Fletcher continued to hold its terms 
 until 1842, when he resigned the ofiice. He was succeeded as 
 Presiding Judge of this court by Hon. Alpheus Felch, who held his 
 first term in the county in 1842, and continued to hold the terms 
 until his resignation in November, 1845. 
 
 Judge Felch was succeeded by Hon. Warner Wing, who was 
 appointed in November, 1845, and held the December term of the 
 court in that year, but was soon after assigned to another circuit, 
 and was succeeded in the Washtenaw circuit by Hon. George 
 Miles, who was appointed in October, 1846, and held his first term 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 225 
 
 here iu December, 1846. He held the office until his death. He 
 was succeeded by Hon. David Johnson, who held the courts here, 
 under his appointment as Judge of the Supreme Court, until the 
 adoption of the new Constitution of 1850, and the organization of 
 the courts as therein provided. 
 
 The judges under the State organization who have been named, 
 were all judges of the Supreme Court of the State, but under the 
 provisions of the Constitution of 1850, and subsequent legislative 
 action, the judges of the Circuit Courts were elected in the several 
 counties comprising the circuit, to act as circuit judges only, and 
 were not members of the Supreme Court of the State. 
 
 Hon. David Johnson was the first elected to the office, and con- 
 tinned to hold the Circuit Courts for this county until the expiration 
 of his terra. His successor was Hon. Edwin Lawrence, who held 
 the office from 1857 to 1869, when he was succeeded by Hon. Sam- 
 uel Higby. Judge Higby held the terms until lS7i, when he 
 resigned, and Hon. Alexander D. Crane was appointed to till 
 the vacancy. He continued until 1876, when Hon. George ML 
 Huntington was elected, and still continues to preside. 
 
 SDPEEME COUET. 
 
 In addition to the courts already named, sessions of the Supreme 
 Court were held here annually, until the statute requiring it was 
 repealed and the sessions discontinued. These terms were held by 
 Hon. George Morrell, Chief Justice, and Justices Epaphroditus 
 Eansom, Charles "W". "Whipple and Alpheus Felch. 
 
 CHANCERY COUET. 
 
 An independent Court of Chancery was established in 1836, and 
 sessions were held in this county until the court was discontinued 
 in 1847. Hon. Elon Farnsworth was the first Chancellor, but 
 resigned in March, 1842, and Hon. Eandolph Manning was 
 appointed in his place. 
 
 DISTEICT COURT. 
 
 A court denominated the District Court of the county of Wash- 
 tenaw, was organized under the act of the Legislature, and Hon. 
 Benjamin F. H. Witherell appointed Judge. He held the first 
 term of this court in Washtenaw county, in April, 1843, and the 
 last in March, 1846, when the court was discontinued by act of the 
 Legislature. 
 
 COUNTY COURTS. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature, approved May 18, 1846, County 
 Courts were established in the several counties throughout the 
 State, but the act was soon afterward repealed. Under this act, 
 
226 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Hon. Charles W. Lane was elected Count}' Judge for Washtenaw 
 county, and held the office until his death. Hon. Edwin Lawrence 
 was his successor, and held the terms of the court until it ceased to 
 exist. 
 
 PROBATE COURT. 
 
 The Probate Court of the county of "Washtenaw has existed from 
 the first organization of the county. The judges of probate who 
 have presided in this court are as follows: 
 
 Bethuel Farrand, first judge of probate, was appointed in 182Y, 
 and held the first term of court April 5 of the same year. 
 
 James Kingsley, elected in 1828 and re-elected in 1832, serving 
 two terms. 
 
 Robert S. Wilson , elected in 1836. 
 
 George Sedgwick, elected in 1840. 
 
 Samuel P. Fuller, elected in 18i4. Died before the expiration 
 of his term. 
 
 '^Elias M. Skinner, appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the 
 death of Judge Fuller. 
 
 Churchill H. Yan Cleve, elected in 1848. 
 
 Chauncey Joslyn, elected in 1852. 
 
 B. F. Granger, elected in 1856. 
 
 Thomas ISTinde, elected in 1860. 
 
 Hiram J. Beakes, elected in 1864, and re-elected in 1868. 
 
 ISToah W. Cheever, elected in 1872. 
 
 William D. Harriman, elected in 1876, and re-elected in 1880. 
 
 THE BAR OF THE PAST. 
 
 The Bar of Washtenaw county has ever been a subject of pride 
 among her citizens. Some of the best legal minds, fairest logi- 
 cians and finest orators of the age have practiced before her courts, 
 many of whom have claimed a residence in the county. In review- 
 ing the history of the Bar it must be borne in mind that as the 
 prosperity and well-being of every community depends upon the 
 wise interpretation, as well as upon the judicious framing of its 
 laws, it must follow that a record of the members of the Bar, 
 to whom these matters are generally relegated, must form no 
 nnimportant chapter in the county's history. Upon a few princi- 
 ples of natural justice is erected the whole superstructure of civil 
 law tending to relieve the wants and meet the desires of all alike. 
 Where so many interests and counter interests are to be protected 
 and adjusted, to the jiidiciary is presented many interesting and 
 complex problems. But change is everywhere imminent. The 
 laws of yesterday do not meet the wants and necessities of the 
 people of to-day, for the old relations do not exist. New and satis- 
 factory laws must be established. The discoveries in the arts and 
 sciences, the inventions of new contrivances for labor, the enlarge- 
 ment of industrial pursuits, and the increase and development of 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 227 
 
 commerce are without precedence, and the science of law must 
 keep pace with them all; nay, it must even forecast events and so 
 frame its laws as will most adequately subserve the wants and pro- 
 vide for the necessities of the new conditions. Hence the lawyer 
 is a man of the day. The exigencies he must meet are those of his 
 own time. His capital is his ability and individuality. He cannot 
 bequeath to his successors the characteristics that distinguished 
 him, and at his going the very evidences of his work disappear. 
 In compiling a history of the Bar one is astonished at the small 
 amount of material for a memoir of those who have been so inti- 
 mately connected with and who exerted such influence upon the 
 county's welfare and progress. The peculiarities and personalities, 
 which form so pleasing and interesting a part of the lives of the 
 members of the Bar, and which constitute the charm of local his- 
 tory, are altogether wanting. Unlike the fair plaintiff in Bardell 
 vs. Pickwick, there has been no painstaking sergeant to relate "the 
 facts and circumstances of the case." The court records furnish 
 the facts of the existence of each individual member of the Bar, 
 but the circumstances surrounding and giving interest to the events 
 of his life and work are wanting. 
 
 The great prominence in history occupied by the Bar of Wash- 
 tenaw county is well known and universally acknowledged. The 
 names of Kingsley, Mundy, Fletcher, Miles, Wilcoxen, Hawkins, 
 Skinner, Fields, Danforth, Douglass, "Walker, Sedgwick and others 
 will always reflect credit upon the Bar of this county. 
 
 Elisha Belcher came to the county in 1825, and practiced law in 
 its courts for six or seven years, when he went further west. He 
 was not considered a brilliant lawyer. He was the flrst attorney in 
 the county. 
 
 James Kingsley came to Ann Arbor in 1826. He was a flne 
 speaker, good advocate and an honest man. The name of " Honest 
 Jim " was worthily bestowed. See sketch in chapter XI. 
 
 Gideon Wilcoxen came from Elbridge, New York, in 1827. He 
 was a man of line presence, an honest man, and considered the best 
 attorney in the county at an early day. Before a jury he was almost 
 irresistible. 
 
 Marcus Lane was another attorney of 1827, who settled in Ann 
 Arbor, but afterward moved to Ypsilanti. Mr. Lane served in 
 the Legislature and was a member of the convention of assent to 
 the new boundary line of the State. 
 
 Geo. W. Jewett was from the State of Ohio, and settled in this 
 county in 1829. His practice was not very extensive; and as a 
 Justice of the Peace he attained more distinction than as an attor- 
 ney. He died in 1840. 
 
 Olney Hawkins came to Ann xVrbor in 1832, from Detroit, where 
 he studied law with Judge Witherell. He was a man of fine legal 
 abilities, and a man of influence in the community. See sketch 
 in chapter XL 
 
228 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 John Allen studied law with Judge Kingsley and was admitted 
 to the Bar in 1832. He is well known as the first settler in Ann 
 Arbor. When the California gold fever broke out, he emigrated to 
 that " land of promise," and there died. 
 
 Calvin Smith was also a student under Judge Kingsley, and was 
 admitted to the Bar in 1832. After being admitted to the Bar he 
 removed to Dexter, where he practiced his profession and served as 
 Justice of the Peace. In 1838 he was elected a member of tiie 
 Legislature, but died before taking his seat. 
 
 Elias M. Skinner was the first attorney in Ypsilanti, and settled 
 there in 182.5. He was a good attorney, an honorable man, and 
 was Prosecuting Attorney some years. He died in Ypsilanti. 
 
 Jonathan E. Fields was from Massachusetts, and was a brother of 
 Judge Fields, of the United States Supreme Court. He settled in 
 Ann Arbor in 1833, where he practiced his profession a few years 
 and then returned to his native State. He was an excellent lawyer. 
 
 Norton P. Ramsdell was a New York man who removed to Ann 
 Arbor in 1835. In his native State he was a licensed exhorter in 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church, but concluding he was better 
 adapted to the law than the ministry, he pursued a course of study, 
 was admitted to the Bar, and came West to practice. He was re- 
 garded by his colleagues, as well as the community, as a good 
 lawj'er, one who excelled as an advocate. He died in Ann Arbor. 
 
 Robert Wilson came from Allegany county, New York, in 1835. 
 He was a man of ability, and knew how to influence a jury. He was 
 Judge of Probate in this county one term. In 1855 he removed to 
 Chicago and afterward served many years as one of the Police 
 Justices of the city. 
 
 George Miles was also from Allegany county. New York, and 
 came to Ann Arbor about the same time. He was a lawyer of more 
 than ordinary ability, well posted in every department of law, and 
 died here in 1850, as one of the Judges of the Supreme Court. 
 
 George Sedgwick came to Ann Arbor about the year 1835. He 
 was a good lawyer and served as Judge of Probate in this county 
 one term. He removed to Chicago in 186-, and died there some 
 years after. 
 
 James M. Walker studied law with Judge Miles and was admit- 
 ted to the Bar in 1847. After practicing his profession for some 
 years in Ann Arbor, he removed to Cliicago, where he occupied a 
 leading position as an attorney. He died January, 1857. 
 
 Samuel T. Douglass was a resident of Ann Arbor and a member 
 of the Washtenaw county Bar two years. Leaving Ann Arbor, he 
 went to Detroit, and has since become one of the most noted law- 
 yers in the State. After leaving, he often returned to try some im- 
 portant case in the courts of the county. 
 
 Justus Goodwin was a lawyer of some merit, practiced in the 
 courts of this county at an early day. Was a member of the Legis- 
 lature one term. 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 229 
 
 George Danforth came to Ann Arbor about the year 1835. His 
 practice was not very extensive, but he was a man full of wit and 
 managed to keep all about him in good humor. He died here about 
 the year 1856. 
 
 Origen Richardson was admitted to the Bar at Ann Arbor. He 
 removed to an adjoining county, but often returned and attended 
 cases in the courts of this county. He has been Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor of the State. 
 
 Among other members of the early Bar were Sylvester Abel, an 
 excellent man, of fair abilities as a lawyer, and who was honored 
 with many public offices. Hi chard G. De Puy, a young man of 
 good legal ability, an excellent advocate, and a loyal man, who gave 
 his life for his country in the war of the Rebellion. Daniel S. 
 Twifcchell, a graduate of the University, and a man ot more than 
 ordinany ability; Claudius B. Grant, a highly educated man of 
 splendid ability, and who has been honored with many offices; John 
 I. Thompson, an ex-postmaster of Ann Arbor, and a successful 
 attorney of Milwaukee; Norman E. Welch, A. Y. McAlvy, Oliver 
 Moore, Richard Beahan, Calvin H. Chase, Caleb Clark, Edwin E. 
 Clark, Thomas C. Cutler. Edwin W. Lawrence, Donald Mclntyre, 
 Ezra C. Seaman, John L. Tappan, C. H. Van Cleve, A. D. Stephens, 
 M. D. Howard, George M. Danforth, Homer H, Finley, William 
 S. Palmer, H. W. Stevenson, John JST. Lucas, J. M. Martin, John 
 C. Greening, Sibley G. Taylor, Edwin Thompson, Edward L. May- 
 nard, T. J. McDonnell, Charles D. Coleman, Erastus Thatcher, 
 George Cummin, John W. Young, L. D. Godfrey, E. P. Pitkin, 
 Robert P. Sinclair, B. T. O. Clark, Charles Holmes, Jr., Charles 
 M. Wood rujff, John Carpenter, P. M. Eaton, Seth E. Engle, D. O. 
 Church, George Skinner, Walter A. Bugbee, Charles W. Lane, 
 George Fuller, Thomas H. Marsh, Thomas L. Humphreyville, Ed- 
 ward Mundy, Calvin Townsend, Levi Townsend, Isaac A. Holbrook, 
 Julius C. Smith, Edward R. Chase, Edward Slawson, Grove Spen- 
 cer, Amos W. Blodgett and Edwin F. TJhl. 
 
 THE PKESENT BAE. 
 
 All that has been said of the Bar of the past can with equal 
 propriety be said of the present. It now numbers among its mem- 
 bers some of the best legal minds in the State, and, as a whole, will 
 rank with any county of its size in Michigan. The oldest member 
 of the Bar in this county is Elijah W. Morgan, who came here in 
 1829, and was admitted to practice in the courts in 1832. Mr. 
 Morgan is a well-read man, of sound judgment, and is authority in 
 all cases affecting the titles of lands. He has always given attention 
 to real estate business. The following are the names of the attor- 
 neys doing business in this county, together with their place of 
 residence: 
 
 Ann Aeboe. — Hiram J. Beakes, John L. Burleigh, Byron W. 
 Cheever, I^oah W. Cheever, Charles D. Colman, D. Cramer, Mr. 
 
230 
 
 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Corbin, Frank Emerick, R. E. Frazer, Eugene K. Frueauff, Mary 
 
 E. Foster, Alpheus Felch, James B. Gott, John N. Gott, Bradley 
 
 F. Granger, William D. Harriraan, Henry R. Hill, Zina P. King, 
 Edward D. Kinne, A. W. Hamilton, Joel W. Hamilton, Edwin 
 Lawrence, J. F. Lawrence, Patrick McKernan, A. McReynolds, 
 James McMahon', Elijah W. Morgan, James H. Morris, 0. L. 
 Matthews, Frederick Pistorius, Tracy W. Root, A. J. Sawyer, J. 
 C. Knowlton, John Q. A. Sessions, L. F. "Wade, Henry C. Waldron, 
 E. B. Gidley. 
 
 Ypsilantt.— E. P. Allen, J. W. Babbitt, D. C. Griffen, Albert 
 Crane, S. M.^Cutcheon, D. B. Greene, Franklin Hinckley, Fred A. 
 Hunt, C. Joslyn,C. R.Whitman, Thomas Ninde, Howard Stephen- 
 son, Clarence Tinker. 
 
 Chelsea.— William E. Depew, David B. Taylor, George W. 
 Turnbull, Michael Lehman. 
 
 Dexter. — Alexander D. Crane, James T. Honey, James S. Gor- 
 man. 
 
 Manchestek. — A. E. Hewett, A. F. Freeman, Ezra B. Norris. 
 
 Saline. — William B. Gildart, Frank E. Jones. 
 
CHAPTEK IX. 
 
 DARK DEEDS. 
 
 Since Cain slew his brother Abel, murder has been rife in the 
 land. Washtenaw county, although one of the most law-abiding 
 places in the State and nation, has jet been disgraced with several 
 cases in which blood has been shed. Neighbor has taken the life 
 of a neighbor, husband of a wife. The law has sometimes reached 
 the oflteader, and he has suffered for his misdeeds; at other times 
 he has been permitted to go free through some technicality; others 
 have never been discovered. 
 
 The first case was that of the 
 
 MURDER OF PATRICK DUNN. 
 
 On Monday morning. May 1, 1843, the village of Ann Arbor was 
 thrown into quite an excitement over a report that a cool and 
 deliberate murder had lately been committed. Patrick Dunn had 
 just left his dwelling to commence his forenoon's work, when he 
 was shot with a rifle in the hand of Charles Chorr, who took aim 
 from the door of his own house. The ball entered his body just 
 below the short-ribs, and passed through him diagonally. A quar- 
 rel had been pending for some time between the two. Dunn had 
 previously been indicted by the grand jury for an assault and bat- 
 tery upon the person of Chorr, committed on June 21, 1842, which 
 indictment was still pending. Chorr was immediately arrested and 
 lodged in jail. Dunn survived about 29 hours and then expired. 
 A coroner's inquest was held, the jury bringing in a verdict of 
 willful murder. Chorr was tried at the next term of court, the 
 trial commencing on Wednesday, Nov. 15, and ending on Satur- 
 day, ^November 25, when the jury brought in a verdict of " Guilty 
 of murder in the first degree." Chorr was sentenced by Judge 
 Witherell to be hung, and Gen. Edward Clark, who had command 
 of the militia in that section, was asked to furnish a detachment to 
 be present at the execution, but they were not needed, for a few 
 days after the sentence Chorr escaped, and was never again heard 
 from. 
 
 MURDER OF SIMON M. HOLDEN. 
 
 About 11 o'clock p. M., on Tuesday eve., Aug, 11, 1857, Simon 
 M. Holden, of Ann Arbor, was waylaid near Chapin's furnace, and 
 shot through the abdomen, and robbed of $500. Mr. Holden had 
 been to Detroit, and received the money on board a ferry-boat; soon 
 
 r23i) 
 
232 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 after, left on the late train for Ann Arbor, and when within a short 
 distance of his residence, he was met by two men who demanded 
 his money, he refused to give it up, when they seized him and 
 succeeded in rifling his pockets. Mr. Holden made an outcry, 
 when one of the ruffians said to the other, " Shoot him," and 
 immediately the desperado fired, and, as has been said, the ball 
 entered the abdomen, wounding the internal viscera. Mr. Holden 
 lingered in great pain until 5 p. m. on Thursday evening, when 
 death came to his relief. Robert Fuller, Esther Fuller and Frank 
 M. Walker were indicted for the murder, by the grand jury, Sept. 
 11, 1857. Esther Fuller was not prosecuted, but the others were 
 arraigned and duly tried, the jury finding them guilty. They were 
 sentenced to the penitentiary for life. A motion for a new trial 
 was made, and after they were taken to prison the case was taken to 
 the Supreme Court, which body, in about one year after sentence, 
 ordered a new trial. They were returned to Ann Arbor jail, but 
 before court, next convened they escaped from jail and were never 
 re-captured. 
 
 MUEDER OF HENRY CLAY. 
 
 On the first day of September, 1867, Jesse Prator and Henry 
 Clay, both colored, got into a quarrel in the house of the former, 
 when Prator shot Clay through the heart. After being shot the latter 
 ran out of the house and fell dead in the middle of the street. Court 
 was in session at the time. A. D. Crane, Prosecuting Attorney, 
 was immediately summoned, and at once ordered an examination. 
 A coroner's jury was impaneled, who found that Clay came to his 
 death by the hands of Prator. The latter was arrested, tried, con- 
 victed, and sentenced to ten j'ears' hard labor in the penitentiary. 
 
 A DIABOLICAL DEED. 
 
 On the night of Oct. 22, 1857, there occurred in the city of Ann 
 Arbor one of the most brutal murders on record. The name of 
 the murdered persons were Mrs. Henrietta Wagner and her little 
 son Oscar, aged three years. Mrs. Wagner owned a fancy goods 
 store at No. 4 Washington street in that city. The murderer was 
 Henry Wagner, the husband of the murdered woman, a person 
 about 24 or 25 years of age, rather slight in form and build and a 
 painter by trade. When found the next morning, the woman lay 
 with her head pounded and cut in a ghastly manner, a pool of blood 
 surrounding her, and her night clothes bespattered with the same, 
 while a little to one side lay the weapon — a hatchet — which had 
 done the terrible work. Her little son Oscar was found in bed, 
 with hishead pounded in a like manner, having laid there welter- 
 ing in his own blood for over eight hours. He was alive when 
 discovered, but died shortly after. After committing the deed the 
 man went to the -jail and asked to stay all night, and was permitted 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 233 
 
 to do SO. On Monday afternoon, Coroner Peck held an inquest and 
 the testimony brought out was as follows: It seems that Wagner 
 and his wife had not been living very happily together for some time, 
 and on the night in question Mrs. Wagner had retired, and Wag- 
 ner, coming in, went to the bed and said " good night " and 
 attempted to kiss her, but she resisted and said, "Go away, you are 
 a crazy man and I can't live with a crazy man." He said, " Give 
 me my money and I will go." She did not answer, and Wagner 
 went and got the money and started to leave, when Mrs. Wagner 
 said, " I will cut yon in pieces before you go with that money." 
 That enraged Wagner, who then took a hatchet from the wood-box 
 and went toward her. She then called him a dog and told him to 
 keep away. He then brandished the hatchet to frighten her, where- 
 upon Mrs. Wagner and the child both cried "fire and murder," 
 and she clutched him by the throat. He hit her accidentally, when 
 she fell and said, "O my!" Wagner, seeing what he had done and 
 thinking she could never get well, was seized with a desire to be 
 rid of her forever, and struck her several times. He then left the 
 house and went to the jail. He said on trial he did not remember 
 of striking the boy at all. The jury returned a verdict that Mrs. 
 Wagner came to her death as here stated, and bound Wagner over 
 to the next term of Circuit Court, where he was tried before a jury 
 of good and honest men, found guilty, and sentenced to the peniten- 
 tiary for life. 
 
 MtJEDEE OF MES. LUCY WASHBURN. 
 
 On Monday evening. May 22, 1860, Mrs. Lucy Washburn, wife 
 of G. W. Washburn, of Ypsilanti, was found at the foot of the 
 cellar stairs in her dwelling, dead. Upon discovery of the body 
 an examination was made. The dress and hair of the deceased 
 were somewhat disarranged; one of her shoes was found in a bed- 
 room, the other she had on her foot; there were appearances of 
 blood about the nose and mouth, and marks as of the grasp of a 
 hand on the throat and neck, and some other immaterial bruises. 
 In the bed-room spoken of there were two beds. One of them was 
 disarranged, and on the under side of the tick of the feather bed 
 were found spots of apparently fresh blood, and there were appear- 
 ances about the room that indicated that a struggle had taken place. 
 Mr. Washburn, the husband of the dead woman, was a butcher by 
 trade, and somewhat addicted to the use of liquor. He had not 
 been living with his wife for some time, but had been down to see 
 her frequently, and at the time of her death had commenced an 
 action for divorce. When found he was in his room at the hotel, 
 asleep, or in bed. A jury was impaneled by Justice Cook, of that 
 city, by direction of vniom a post-mortem examination was made 
 by Drs. Ashley and Post. The jury rendered a verdict of "death 
 by violence from some person or persons to them unknown." 
 
 Mr. Washburn was afterward arrested, tried, found guilty, and 
 recommended to the mercy of the court by the jury. 
 
234 UISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 PROBABLE MUEDEE. 
 
 Oil Wednesday morning, Nov. 6, 1861, at an eai'ly hour, John 
 Innes was found lying dead on the sidewalk in front of Maynard, 
 Stebbins & Wilson's store, in the city of Ann Arbor. An exami- 
 nation of his body showed he came to his death by a single wound 
 just over the left temple, a gash about one and a half inches long 
 and cut to the skull. A whisky bottle was found Ij'ing near the 
 body. It was supposed that the gash was made by a dull hatchet, 
 or more probably by the edge of a board or a club, and that death 
 was caused by concussion; but on impaneling a coroner's jury, which 
 was done at once, the following facts were brought to light: It 
 seems that Innes had been working, during the summer, on a farm 
 in Northiield or Salem township, and for the last few weeks had 
 been in the city of Ann Arbor "on a spree," and that on the fatal 
 night had left the grocery of Edward Earl, on Ann Arbor street, 
 about 10 p. M., in company with Barnard Harkins, both being very 
 much intoxicated; that on their way to obtain lodgings, and in 
 front of Maynard, Stebbins & Wilson's stoi*e, Innes had fallen and 
 struck his head on some hard substance, cutting the temporal 
 artery, and that his death ensued from the wound, loss of blood, 
 and exposure. He died between one o'clock that night and six 
 o'clock next morning. The above facts were vouched for by all the 
 jurors except one, who thought that foul play had been the cause of 
 his death. There is no doubt but wliisky was the main cause of 
 this accident. 
 
 MUEDEE OF HENEY FELDMAN. 
 
 On the third day of March, 1862, Chester O. Arnold killed 
 Henry Feldman, at Ypsilanti. A quarrel arose between them 
 about a woman, when Arnold killed the latter with an ax. He was 
 tried and sentenced to two years in the penitentiary. 
 
 MUEDEE OF JOHN C. DEPKW. 
 
 A brutal murder occurred near Chelsea in September, 1863, 
 John C. Depew being killed by some unknown person. Henry B. 
 Cleveland was arrested, and in December following was tried and 
 sentenced to the State's prison for life. He served but two or three 
 years, when he was pardoned by the Governor, there being grave 
 doubts of his guilt. (An account of the murder will be found in 
 the history of Chelsea.) 
 
 MUEDEE OF WILLIAM S. BENTLEY. 
 
 f 
 
 On the night of Jan. 17, 1863, William S. Bentley, of Dexter 
 village, was killed by John Roche, of the same place. A pre- 
 liminary examination was held, and the evidence showed that an 
 altercation ensued between Bentley and Roche, growing out of cards 
 
HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 235 
 
 and whisky; that they finally came to blows, and clinched, the 
 scuffle shifting from a table to a lounge or bed, and thence to the 
 floor; that Bentley was much the heavier man, and had the better of 
 Koche, being on top, choking and bruising him ; that Roche called 
 
 to the bystanders for relief or help; that Bentley said " God 
 
 him! I'll kill him;" that a knife, which was recognized as belong- 
 ing to Koche, was seen to fall on thefloor between the parties; that 
 they were separated, and Bentley threw himself on the lounge, 
 saying that he was wounded; that the affray took place between ten 
 and eleven o'clock at night; that a physician arrived about nine the 
 next morning, partially dressed the wound, which was in the abdo- 
 men, and from which the intestines, in volume sufficient to fill a 
 peck measure, in their strangulated and inflamed condition, pro- 
 truded; and that Bentley died in about a quarter of an hour after 
 the wound was dressed. 
 
 These were the main facts elicited at this examination, and 
 Eoche was therefore bound over to await the action of the grand 
 jury. 
 
 At the next term of the Circuit Court, which convened at Ann 
 Arbor, in March, Koche was tried, found guilty and sentenced to 
 pay a fine of twenty-five dollars. 
 
 MUEDEE or ME. SHEEMAN. 
 
 On Christmas day, 1866, Mr. Sherman had John Shorey arrested 
 on account of some difficulty. When released the latter repaired 
 to the store of Mr. Sherman, in the fifth ward, Ann Arbor, when 
 the difficulty was renewed. Mr. Shorey struck Mr. Sherman a blow 
 with a stool, which caused his death a few days after. Shorey was 
 arrested, tried and found guilty of murder in the second degree. 
 He was sentenced to State's prison for twenty years. 
 
 MUEDEE OF MAETIN BEEITENBACH. 
 
 On Saturday, Aug. 2, 1869, a difficulty arose between Edward H. 
 Byeraft, George Bycraft, Walter Metcalf, George Metcalf, Henry 
 Marsh, Elisha Marsh, Evan Marsh and Ezra Marsh with Martin 
 Breitenbach, by which the latter lost his life from injuries inflicted 
 by one or more of the aforegoing named. Indictments were found 
 by the jury against each, but noTZfi proseqtii entered as to George 
 Bycraft and George Metcalf. The remainder were tried Nov. 25, 
 1869, found guilty and recommended to the mercy of the court. A 
 small fine was assessed against each of the parties found guilty 
 but Ezra Marsh, who was sentenced to one year in the penitentiary. 
 
 MUEDEE OF BEYAN. 
 
 In the fall of 1869, George Knisely and Bryan got into a quarrel 
 over some trivial matter near the opera house, Ann Arbor, but 
 
236 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 were separated by friends. They again met near the depot, wheo 
 the quarrel was resnmed, and Knisely struck Byran with a pocket- 
 knife, the blade entering the heart. Strange as it may seem, Bryan 
 walked to the square before death ensued. Knisely was arrested, 
 and at the October term, 1809, of the Circuit Court, was tried,, 
 found guilty, and sentenced to eight years in the penitentiary. 
 
 KILLING OF GEOEGE COLEMAN. 
 
 On Friday, Feb. 3, 1871, George "Wood and George Coleman,, 
 both in the employ of John W. Cowan, of Sharon, got into a quar- 
 rel, when Wood struck Coleman two blows upon the head with a 
 club or heavy cane, killing him almost instantly. Wood claimed 
 that Coleman assaulted him with an ax, and that he acted in self- 
 defense. An examination was held before Justice Goodyear, of 
 Manchester, and Wood was bound over to the Circuit Court. His 
 trial came up on Feb. 12, and on Tuesday, a. m., the jury returned 
 a verdict of not guilty. i\s there was no dispute as to the homi- 
 cide, the jury lield the act to have been committed in self-defense.. 
 The prisoner was therefore discharged from custody. 
 
 KILLING OF HIEAM B. WAEEEN. 
 
 On Tuesday, Sept. 30, 1873, there occurred a most distressing 
 accident in the township of Salem, in which Hiram B. Warren,, 
 aged 80, was shot and killed by Henry Warren, a half-witted boy, 
 aged 18, and a cousin of the murdered man. The facts gained at 
 the trial were, that the men, with a hired boy, were in the corn-field 
 at work, when Henry came up behind Hiram within six feet, and 
 when intending to shoot 'over Hiram's head to scare him, tlie gun 
 (being loaded only with a large charge of powder and wad) 
 slipped, the muzzle falling part way down, and going off, blowing 
 Hiram's brains out. This was the second attempt of the same kind 
 to " scare" Hiram that he had made the same forenoon. Henry 
 was tried at the next term of the Circuit Court, found guilty, and 
 sentenced to the House of Correction for one and a half years. 
 
 MUEDEE OF EICHAED FLANNAEY. 
 
 Eichard Flannary, proprietor of a saloon on the southwest corner 
 of Main and Catharine streets, Ann Arbor, was so badly injured in 
 a row in his own saloon, on Friday evening, Oct. 30, 1874, that he 
 died the following Sunday night. 
 
 The facts obtained at the coroner's inquest summed up are as- 
 follows: On the night of Oct. 30 several men were in the saloon,, 
 among them, Joseph Audett, Hiram Pickard, Peter Hanlon, John 
 Norton and two strangers. Pickard was moving around, very 
 drunk at the time, and for no cause, struck one of the strangers in 
 the face. Flannary and a man named Holliday told Pickard it 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 237 
 
 " was too bad to strike a man that way," so Pickard walked up 
 and shook hands with the stranger, begged his pardon and moved 
 off. Soon after Pickard told Hanlou to pay Flannary the ten cents 
 he owed him, when Hanlon said he did not owe anything. Pickard 
 then knocked Hanlon down, and was told by Flannary to leave the 
 house. Pickard said he would go when he got ready, and then 
 Flannary put his hand on Pickard's collar, and said, " You must so 
 now." Pickard offered resistance, and John Flannary came to his 
 brother's assistance. The two got Pickard between the screen and 
 the door, when a man named Jethro Maybe jumped up and started 
 toward them. The man Holliday told Maybe to " leave them 
 alone." Maybe then grasped John Flannary and pulled him away, 
 leaving Pickard in the hands of Richard Flannary. Holliday took 
 hold of Maybe and pulled him away from John Flannary. Maybe 
 picked up a chair and Holliday said, " Don't strike me with that." 
 Then Maybe passed behind the stove, and when near to Richard 
 Flannary, raised the chair and struck Flannary a tremendous blow 
 on top of the head, crushing in the skull. Flannary fell to the 
 floor senseless. Flannary was then taken to his home and Dr. 
 Smith called in, who was in attendance till his death, which occurred 
 the Sunday evening following. Flannary lay in a comatose con- 
 dition from the time of the blow till his death. Dr. Smith, assisted 
 by Dr. Leiter, held a post-mortem examination on the body, and 
 Dr. Smith said, " In my opinion the fracture of the skull and result- 
 ing hemorrhage and pressure upon the brain by the clot caused 
 deatli," Dr. Leiter agreeing with him in this opinion. 
 
 The coroner's jury gave the following verdict: "That the deceased, 
 Richard Flannary, came to his death by a blow from a chair in the 
 hands of Jethro Maybe, on the night of Friday, the 30th of October, 
 1874; and further, that Hiram Pickard was present and assisted, 
 aided, and abetted in the assault." 
 
 Flannarj' had not been in the saloon business very long, and was 
 said to have been a quiet and inoffensive man. He left a wife and 
 three small children to mourn his sudden death. 
 
 Complaint was filed Nov. 23, 1874, and indictment found. The 
 case was placed on trial March 9, and continued three days. The 
 jury failed to agree, and the prisoners were remanded to jail. On 
 the 22d of Sept., 1875, the case was again called, and the trial pro- 
 ceeded with, lasting two days. A verdict of guilty of manslaughter 
 was rendered, and Maybe sentenced to the State's prison for one 
 year. 
 
 MtTRDEE OF LUDWIG MILLEE. 
 
 On Tuesday night, Aug. 10, 1875, Ludwig Miller was murdered 
 in cold blood by Lyman Bnrkhardt, a 15-year-old lad who was 
 working for him on his farm in the township of Scio. The young 
 man confessed to the foul deed, claiming he did it for revenge, on 
 account of a whipping administered to him by Miller. From the 
 evidence it appears Miller was asleep by the side of his wife when 
 
238 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 young Burkhafdt entered their room, placed the gun over Mrs. 
 Miller's head, pulling the trigger, sending the soul of Miller into 
 eternity. On his trial before Judge Crane, in September following, 
 the youth acknowledged the truth of his first statement before the 
 coroner, and evinced no sorrow for the crime. He was sentenced 
 to State's prison for life. 
 
 MUEDEE OF MK. EUMSEY. 
 
 George Henning, in the fall of 1876, was in the employ of Mr. 
 Eumsey, of Dexter, and in a dispute on the settlement of his claim 
 for labor, kicked Eumsey in the groin, causing death in a few days. 
 Henning, at the March term, 1877, plead guilty to manslaughter, 
 andwas sentenced to four years in the State's prison. 
 
 SHOOTING OF WILLIAM BATEY. 
 
 On Friday morning, March 30, 1877, George Cook, of Saline, 
 shot "William B. Batey, of the same place, injuring him so that he 
 died the following day. The cause of the fatal act was that Batey 
 had caused some trouble in the neighborhood a few weeks before, 
 for which he was confined in jail but was released, and on Thursday 
 he took Miss Sarah Cook, a girl aged 17, and went to Stony Creek, 
 intending to marry her; but not finding a preacher, they returned 
 to Saline, and she spent the night at Mr. Batey's, father of William 
 B. In the morning she went over to her mother's, who was a very 
 respectable widow lady, after her clothing, saying she was going to 
 be married to Batey that day, Friday, at 10 o'clock. Her mother 
 protested, but her entreaties were unavailing, and Sarah started to 
 go, when her brother, George Cook, who had by this time become 
 thoroughly exasperated, said she should never marry Batey; and 
 taking his rifle, started out just ahead of his sister, who, as she left, 
 said, "Good-bye, mother; I am not coming back to live with you 
 any more." She started for Batey's one way, and her brother 
 another, the house being distant about half a mile. Batey was seen 
 coming from Edward Ardell's when Cook's sister told him to 
 "run, for her brother was going to shoot him;" whereupon he 
 started to run, when Cook, who was about twenty rods away, fired 
 and shot him in the abdomen, about two inches below the navel, 
 the ball passing through the intestines and lodging in the spinal 
 column. Batey immediately cried out " I am shot," and went into 
 his father's house. He lingered until Saturday morning, when he 
 expired. Cook, after shooting Batey, went up to the justice's 
 ofhce and gave himself up, waived examination, and was let out on 
 bail, but after Batey's death was taken to Ann Arbor and lodged in 
 jail to await trial. The case came up at the next term of court, and 
 Cook was found guilty of manslaughter, on Nov. 9 of same year, 
 but the case was carried to the Supreme Court of the State, who 
 after mature deliberation reafiirmed the decision of the lower court, 
 
f4' 
 
 ^^o>--^^vi(!il^ " 
 
 
 ^^<>-y^H^y\^///]-(^<yi^ 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 241 
 
 and Cook was therefore sentenced by the presiding judge to seven 
 years' hard labor in the State's prison. 
 
 HOEEIBLE MUEDEE. 
 
 On Sunday, at about 11 a. m., Jan. 20, 1878, the little village of 
 Dexter was thrown into terrible excitement, through a rumor that 
 one Thomas O'Grady had been brutally murdered and mutilated 
 by a colored man named W. H. Morand, in the timber about one 
 mile below that place. The rumor proved to be a sad truth, and not 
 long after the body of the unfortunate man was brought to the vil- 
 lage a coroner's inq uest was held, and the principal facts given are as 
 follows: The man Morand had leased a little piece of land in Culli- 
 nane's timber near Dexter, and had been living there for about 
 two months. His hut was near the Michigan Central railroad track, 
 and was made otsaplings bent down and covered over with earth 
 and brush. The boys in Dexter had found out he lived there, and 
 on Sundays used to go up and chat awhile with him. On the day 
 in question, Thomas O'Grady, Steve Cavanaugh, Thomas Mc- 
 Laughlin, Dan Cunningham and others— in all eight in number — 
 had gone down from the village to see the man, and have a little 
 fun with him. They arrived there, and commenced to fool around 
 his humble abode, when he cautioned them to desist, but they still 
 continued their sport, and one was so bold as to lay a large log 
 against the door. This made Morand mad and he came out of the 
 hut and picking up an ax struck a blow at Cavanaugh, who was the 
 one nearest. Cavanaugh warded off the blow, and at the same time 
 O'Grady said, " Don't be afraid, I'll fix him," or words to that effect, 
 and pulling a revolver, fired in the air close to Morand's head, sim- 
 ply to make him desist his murderous intentions. This enraged 
 Morand still more, and he struck again, this time at O'Grady, and 
 felled him to the earth. The other boys were so paralyzed with hor- 
 ror, that they ran in all directions. O'Grady — though stunned by 
 the blow — heard them and said, " For God's sake, boys, don't leave 
 me." O'Grady was then on his knees in a stooping position, and 
 as soon as he had said this, the negro struck him a second blow, 
 whicli killed him instantly. With fiendish glee, he raised the 
 bloody ax and dealt him two more blows, entirely mashing his 
 skull, and mutilating his head in a fearful manner. He then took 
 the dead body and carried it 10 or 15 feet and threw it over a 
 fence into a ditch on the other side. The alarm was given imme- 
 diately by O'Grady's companions, and his wife, being one of the first 
 to hear of it, was soon on the spot, and found the negro trying to 
 bury the fatal weapon that had performed the bloody work. Morand 
 then walked toward the village, and meeting a couple of officers on 
 the way, gave himself up. The officer, thinking that violence might 
 be done him, took him to Ann Arbor the same evening. On the 
 Wednesday following the prosecuting attorney questioned him in 
 the presence of witnesses, drawing out the fact that he believed him - 
 le 
 
242 
 
 HI8TORT OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 self to be the Savior, possessing unlimited knowledge of past, 
 present, and future, and therefore declined to prosecute the case. 
 Morand was afterward taken before a jury, judged insane, and sent 
 to Kalamazoo. The murdered man left a wife and a babe seven 
 months old to mourn his sad and premature loss. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 POLITICAL. 
 
 Like all other intelligent communities in the tJnited States, the 
 people of "Washtenaw county have participated with earnestness in 
 the various political contests that have agitated tlie country at large, 
 and have had also their own local political agitations. After the 
 organization of the county in 1827, the first question of a political 
 nature was tliat attending the abduction of William Morgan, a 
 crime charged against the Masonic brotherhood, resulting in the 
 formation of a powerful political party throughout almost every State 
 in the Union, and known as the Anti-Masonic party. The Western 
 Emigrant, established in Ann Arbor in the fall of 1829, after the 
 publication of five numbers, passed into the hands of Samuel "W. 
 Dexter, who made it an organ of this new party, and for several 
 years it was a strong advocate of the views of the Anti-Masons of 
 the State, as well as of Washtenaw county. A correspondent of an 
 Eastern paper under date December, 1829, in speaking of the political 
 questions then agitating the people of the Territory, says: " The only 
 parties dividing the people heretofore have been on account of names 
 or rather partiality for the different prominent men whose names 
 have been before the public forofiSce. Someof their divisions, if I am 
 not misinformed, have grown out of personal prejudice, originating, 
 in all probability, from some petty misunderstanding among the great 
 ones of the earth. These restless Republicans, as they boastingly 
 style themselves, have got hold of a bone at present that will probably 
 supersede the old feuds that have long existed. It seems that a few 
 years ago a man by the name of "William Morgan, of the State of New 
 York, was carried off by men who were members of the Masonic insti- 
 tution, and concealed in some secure place (for attempting to publish 
 the secrets of the order), and has not been heard of since. For this 
 a certain part of the community charge those who carried him off 
 with having murdered him; and assert that it was by the sanction 
 and in accordance with the rules and practices of Ma,gons generally,; 
 that they will break down the whole Masonic institution; that they 
 will support none for office, and turn those out now in office, who 
 are Masons. They are called Anti-Masons. The Masons, on their 
 part, assert that if Morgan was murdered, it was done by men more 
 zealous than wise, and without the knowledge or agency of the 
 Masonic fraternity; that they wish the perpetrators of the deed the 
 punishment they deserve; that an institution embracing in its ranks 
 the most talented, patriotic and virtuous men of which America can 
 boast, ought to repel with scorn tlie imputation of guilt thus attached 
 
 r343) 
 
246 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of 1841. It polled 47 votes in the town of Ann Arbor. In Novem- 
 ber the Democrats, Whigs and Free Soil men each had tickets in 
 the field, John S. Barry being the Democratic candidate, Philo C. 
 Fuller the Whig, and' Jabez S. Fitch the Free Soil. Mr. Barrj 
 carried the county by 355 majority. This was the first year in 
 which the county went Democratic. 
 
 In 1842, the same division of parties existed. The Democracy 
 again put forth a strong effort and succeeded in carrying the county 
 over the Whigs by majorities ranging from 263 to 381 on their 
 county ticket. The Free Soil party polled 311 votes. 
 
 In 1843, John S. Barry was the Democratic candidate for Gover- 
 nor, Zina Pitcher, Whig, and James G. Birney, Free Soil. After 
 a strong canvass the Democrats succeeded in again carrying the 
 county b}' a majority of 159. 
 
 In 1844, the Democratic, Whig and Free Soil parties were again 
 arrayed against each other, under James K. Polk, Henry Clay and 
 James G. Birney, respectively. The canvass, though in no sense to 
 be compared with that of 1840, was yet somewhat spirited. JS"u- 
 merous speeches were made in behalf of tlie candidacy of each. 
 Washtenaw county gave James K. Polk a majority of 201.' 
 
 In 1846, Edwin Lawrence was the Whig candidate for Congress, 
 Kobert McClelland, the Democratic, and Charles H. Stewart, the 
 Free Soil. Edwin Lawrence carried the county by a majority of 196. 
 
 At the election held l!^ovember 2, 1847, Epaphroditus Kansom, 
 the Whig candidate for Governor, carried the county by 43 majority. 
 
 The year 1848 brought with it a livelj' campaign. It was the 
 year when General Taylor was the candidate of the Whig party 
 for President, and General Lewis Cass candidate of the Democrats. 
 Martin Van Buren was the candidate of the Free Soil party. 
 Party lines were closely di-awn and each side strived for victory. 
 Lewis Cass succeeded in getting a majority of 52 votes in this 
 county. 
 
 The year 1851 Eobert McClelland was the Democratic candidate 
 for Governor and Townsend E. Gidley, the Whig. Mr. McClelland 
 rece'ved a majority of 119 votes in Washtenaw county. 
 
 The year 1852 was fraught with much deeper interest politi- 
 cally than that of '51. Franklin Pierce was the Democratic candi- 
 date for President, Winfield Scott of the Whigs, and John P. Hale, 
 the Free Soil. The battle to the Whigs, almost from the first, was 
 believed to be lost. The new Free Soil party was drawing heavily 
 from their ranks, and the party was divided upon other questions. 
 This county gave a Democratic majority of 329 out of a total vote 
 of 5,482. Pierce was elected by an overwhelming majority, and 
 the Whig party ceased to exist. 
 
 New questions now arose growing out of the American, or Know- 
 Nothing excitement, and the agitation which attended tlie passage 
 of the Nebraska bill, and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. 
 Those who were opposed to the further extension of slavery con- 
 ceived that now was their time to act. The vear 1854 is memorable 
 
flISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 247 
 
 in the annals of the country as the year in which the Eepublican 
 party was born. The members of the old Free Soil, or Abolition 
 party, as it was more s;enerally known, quietly took their places 
 in and became a part of the new party. Kinsley S. Bingham 
 received the nomination of the new party for Governor, and John 
 S. Barry the nomination of the Democrats. Full State and county 
 tickets were nominated by both parties, and the fight for victory 
 was fiercely contested. The new party was successful in this 
 county, its candidate for Governor receiving a majority of 691. 
 
 In the year 1856 the national contest was waged between the 
 Democratic, the Republican and the American parties. James 
 Buchanan was the candidate of the Democracy, John C. Fremont 
 of the Republicans, and Millard Fillmore of the Americans. The 
 Eepublicans were victorious. The vote was the largest that had 
 ever been cast in this county, the total number being 6,515; and 
 the Republican candidates for State and county officers were all 
 successful by majorities ranging from 546 to 875. The majority 
 for Fremont was 736. 
 
 Political excitement became warm again in 1858. Moses Wisner 
 was the Republican nominee for Governor, and Charles E. Stuart 
 the Democratic. Wisner received a majority of 320. 
 
 The cDuntry was now becoming deeply moved over questions 
 which stirred the popular heart as none had ever done before. The 
 storm had been gathering ever since the repeal of the Missouri 
 Compromise. The struggles in Kansas had deeply intensified the 
 feelings of the people of the North, and John Brown's attempt at 
 Harper's Ferrj- had been skillfully managed so as to arouse and heat 
 the people of the South. That the Territories of the United States 
 shonld be forever consecrated to freedom was the solemn determi- 
 nation of a large majority of the people of the North, and that the 
 boundaries of the institution of slavery should not be further 
 enlarged. The South, seeking its perpetuation by means of en- 
 larged political power, determined that it should not be restricted, 
 but should have enlarged privileges. The questions thus dividing 
 parties was chiefly sectional, and pointed directly to war. In this 
 state of the public mind, the Republican party met in National 
 Convention and nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, and 
 Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President. The Democratic party met 
 at Charleston, South Carolina, and the "fire-eating" element of the 
 South, to better secure their object, the dissolution of the Union, 
 broke up the Convention. The party afterward met in the city of 
 Baltimore, and there the same turbulent element divided the Con- 
 vention, and the result was the nomination of two Democratic 
 tickets, Stephen A. Douglas and Herschel Y. Johnson for Presi- 
 dent and Vice-President on the one side, and John C. Breckinridge 
 and Joseph Lane on the other. The campaign was a most exciting 
 one, and only equaled by the Harrison campaign of 1840. The 
 majority for Lincoln in Washtenaw county was 656. 
 
2i8 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The campaign of 1862 was an important one. The Union arras 
 had met with reverses, and a somewhat gloomy feeling pervaded 
 the minds of the people. When the election came each party stood 
 firmly by its candidates, for the campaign had aroused party feel- 
 ings intensely. The Democracy were successful. 
 
 In the Presidential campaign of 1864, the war measures of the 
 administration became the issues before the people, and the con- 
 test was one of much earnestness and depth of feeling. Abraham 
 Lincoln was the Republican candidate for re-election to the Presi- 
 dency, and associated with him on the ticket was Andrew Johnson, 
 the distinguished Unionist of Tennessee. Gen. George B. McClel- 
 lan and George H. Pendleton were the Democratic candidates for 
 President and Vice-President. The result of the election was the 
 second inauguration of Lincoln. McClellan obtained a majority of 
 204 in this county. 
 
 The election of 1864 practically settled the results of the war. 
 The Confederacy collapsed in April, 1866. Lincoln having been 
 assassinated, the reins of the Government came into the hands of 
 Andrew Johnson. During his administration the great work of 
 the Government was the " reconstruction " of the Southern States. 
 The election in 1866 was fought upon this issue, the Democrats 
 defending the President in his plan of reconstruction, the Repub- 
 licans opposing. Henry H. Orapo was tlie Republican candidate 
 for Governor, and Alpheus S. Williams the Democratic. The 
 Republicans were successful in this county. 
 
 The year 1868 brought with it another Presidential campaign. 
 The Republican National Convention met in Chicago, and nomi- 
 nated Ulysses S. Grant, the general of the army, for President, 
 and Schuyler Colfax for Vice-President. The Democratic National 
 Convention nominated Governor Horatio Seymour and Francis P. 
 Blair, Jr., for President and Vice-President. The campaign was 
 one of great activity. Each party was well organized, and both 
 had great hopes of success. The issues between the parties were 
 still such as arose from the work of reconstruction, especially as it 
 aifected the condition of the colored race so lately manumitted, 
 together with the proposed taxation of the bonds of the United 
 States, and their cancellation with legal tender notes instead of 
 gold. Discussions on these questions took a wide range, and 
 involved the attitude assumed by each toward the Rebellion, during 
 its progress. The result of the election in this county was to give 
 Seymour a majority of 33, while Isaac M. Crane, the Democratic 
 candidate for Congress, had 137 over Austin Blair, Republican. 
 
 The next general election was in 1870, with Charles C. Comstock 
 as the Democratic candidate for Governor, and Henry P. Baldwin 
 the Republican. The Democrats were again victorious in the 
 county, by an average majority of 200. 
 
 During Grant's first administration new issues were formed, and 
 a new movement sprung up known as the Liberal Republican, 
 which had large influence politically, and virtually dictated the 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 249 
 
 Democratic nomination for the Presidency, in 1872, and the plat- 
 form of principles on which the campaign against the Republican 
 party was conducted. The Republicans nominated Grant for 
 re-election, and the Liberal Republicans, Horace Greeley. The 
 Democratic convention endorsed the nomination of Mr. Greeley, 
 and accepted the platform on which he was nominated. It is but 
 just to say tbat neither the ticket nor the platform furnished the 
 Democracy by the Liberal Republicans was at all such a ticket or 
 platform as that party would have chosen for itself, if it had pursued 
 an independent course. The disaffection was so great that a third 
 ticket was nominated, at the head of which was Charles O'Conor, 
 the distinguished lawyer of New York. Many Democrats absented 
 themselves from the polls, the consequence beins that Grant was 
 re-elected by an overwhelming majority. The Republicans were 
 victorious in tliis county as well as in the Nation. 
 
 In 1874, the Democrats in the State and nation rallied and put 
 forth an extraordinary effort, and succeeded in electing a majority 
 of the national House of Representatives. The same zealous spirit 
 that animated tlie party throughout the country was felt in this 
 county. On their local ticket they carried the county by majorities 
 ranging from 299 to 1,141. 
 
 During the four years of this administration, financial depres- 
 sion and business difHculties presented to the country the issue, 
 largely, upon which the parties went before the country for its 
 suffrage. Through these discussions and other influences arose a 
 new party which was variously known as the " Anti-Monoply," 
 "Independent" and " Greenback." In National Convention it 
 adopted the name of the National Greenback Labor party. In the 
 contest of 1876 it did not figure very largely, only in a few States 
 where it held the balance of power. The conflict was therefore 
 between the two old parties, the Republican and Democratic. The 
 Republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, the Democrats, Sam- 
 uel .7. Tilden, and the Greenbackers, Peter Cooper. This was one 
 of the closest elections ever held in ths country, the result depend- 
 ing upon a single electoral vote. Each of the two great parties 
 were determined to secure the prize. Disputes arose over the count 
 of the electoral vote, but matters were finally adjusted by the appoint- 
 ment of an Electoral Commission consisting of 15 men, to whom 
 this matter was referred. Their decision was in favor of Mr. 
 Hayes by a vote of eight to seven. In this county the election 
 was warmly contested and resulted in the choice by the people of 
 the entire Democratic ticket. 
 
 The first county Prohibition Convention convened at Ypsilanti 
 on Thursday, Sept. 21, 1876. The meeting was called to order 
 by Charles Wheeler, of Ypsilanti; D. R. Shier, of Chelsea, was 
 chosen chairman, and A. B. Hawkins, of Ypsilanti, was made sec- 
 retary. A county prohibition committee was tlien selected, con- 
 sisting of the following: Watson Snyder, Charles Wheeler, Charles 
 McCormick, E. H. Jackson, Mrs. Ann W. Bassett, of Ypsilanti; 
 
250 HISTOEV OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 J. B. Eusseli, Augusta; Theodore Taylor, Ann Arbor; and W. K. 
 Childs, of Pittsfield. A ballot was then taken for State Senator, 
 and Representatives from the first, second and third district, result- 
 ing as follows: 
 
 State Senator — Eugene Laible, of Ypsilanti. 
 
 Representatives, first district — W. K. Childs, of Pittsfield; second 
 district — Theodore Taylor of Ann Arbor; third district — E. Ohub- 
 bnck, of Manchester. After the nomination had been confirmed, 
 the following resolutions were unanimously adopted, after which 
 the convention adjourned: 
 
 Resolved, That as members of the Prohibition Reform Party of the county of 
 Washtenaw, in convention assembled, we do heartily and emphatically endorse the 
 declaration of principles as adopted by the National Convention at Cleveland, Ohio, 
 and the nomination of Green Clay Smith, of Kentucky, forthe Presidency, and Gideon 
 T. Stewart, of Ohio, for the Vice-Presidency, of the [Jnited States, and hereby pledge 
 to them our unfaltering support. 
 
 Hesohed, That we have implicit confidence in the integrity and ability of the 
 several candidates for State officers of the Prohibition Reform Party of Michigan, 
 and cordially accept the declaration of principles adopted by the State Convention. 
 
 Resolved, That we accept with pleasure the nomination the Hon. Peter R. Adams, 
 of Tecumseh, as our candidate for Member of Congress from this Congressional 
 District, and will give him our support. 
 
 Resolved, That in presenting our nominees for legislative officers, we are actuated 
 by the eternal and unerring principle that right is better than might, and that right 
 principles, honestlj^ and persistently adhered to, will ultimately prevail. 
 
 In the campaign of 1878 four parties contested for the prize, the 
 Republican, Democratic, Greenback and Prohibition. Full State 
 and county tickets were nominated by each, the election resulting 
 in tiie choice of the Republican candidates by fair majorities. The 
 Prohibitionists polled 244 votes for their candidate for Governor. 
 
 The Presidential campaign of 1880 was warmly contested through- 
 out the Union, with the possible exception of the State of Michigan. 
 James A. Garfield was the Republican nomineefor the Presidency, 
 W. S. Hancock, the Democratic, J. B. Weaver, the Greenback, and 
 Neal Dow, the Prohibition. Washtenaw county cast its vote for 
 Hancock. The local ticket was divided, the Democrats carrying 
 the greater number of theoffices. 
 
 Following is the official vote of every general election from 1827 
 to the present time: 
 
 ELECTION JULY 9, 1827. 
 
 Congress. Maj. 
 
 Austin B.Wing 109 
 
 John Biddle 133 14 
 
 Gabriel Richard 1.5 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 1, 1827. 
 
 Representatives. 
 
 Henry Rumsey 101 27 
 
 Abel Millington 74 
 
 Benjamin J. Woodruff 62 
 
 John Allen 40 
 
 ELECTION JULY 13, 1829. 
 
 Congress. Maj. 
 
 John Biddle 338 236 
 
 Gabriel Richards 102 
 
 John R. Williams 4 
 
 Representative. 
 
 James Kingsley 320 317 
 
 Elias M. Skinner 103 
 
 ELECTION JULY 11, 1831. 
 . Congress. 
 Sam'l W. Dexter, anti-mason 410 177 
 A. E. Wing, dem. or masonic 333 
 John R. Williams, adm 5 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COCNTY. 
 
 251 
 
 Representatives. 
 
 James Kingsley 635 
 
 Elias M. Skinner 235 
 
 Oeorge Renwick 430 
 
 ELECTIOIS' JULY 8, 1833. 
 
 Congress. 
 
 "William Woodbridge 519 131 
 
 Lucius Lyon 398 
 
 Austin E. Wing 35 
 
 Rep resentalives . 
 
 Oeorge Renwick 559 
 
 Abel Millington 537 
 
 Henry Rumsey 403 
 
 Munnis Kinney 369 
 
 ELECTION OCT. 5, 6, 1835. 
 Oovernm-. 
 
 Stevens T. Mason 1074 
 
 Gongress- 
 
 Isaac E. Crary 1075 
 
 State Senator. 
 
 Henry Rumsey 1011 
 
 Silas Finch 949 
 
 WiUiam J. Moody 999 
 
 David Page 773 
 
 Abel Millington 771 
 
 Benjamin J. Mather 763 
 
 Representatives. 
 
 Rufus Matthews 1031 
 
 George How 1007 
 
 Richard E. Morse lOOG 
 
 John Brewer 997 
 
 Grin How 996 
 
 James W. HDl 980 
 
 Alanson Grossman 965 
 
 Daniel B. Brown 811 
 
 Orange Risdon 771 
 
 George Renwick 771 
 
 Daniel F. AUmendinger 767 
 
 Job Gorton 763 
 
 Henry "Warner 746 
 
 Micah Porter 695 
 
 ELECTION NOVEMBER, 1836. 
 State Senator. 
 
 "William Moore 1750 
 
 George B. Cooper 1743 
 
 Marcus Lane 1091 
 
 Abram F. Bolton 1100 
 
 Representatives. 
 
 Oliver Kellogg 1733 
 
 RobertPurdy 1739 
 
 Gilbert Shattuck 1739 
 
 Kinsley S. Bingham 1739 
 
 James Kingsley 1725 
 
 Thomas Lee 1717 
 
 Orin How 1709 
 
 George How 1134 
 
 Abel Millington 1105 
 
 George Renwick 1104 
 
 Jonathan Burnett 1103 
 
 Michael P. Stubbs 1096 
 
 Jonathan K. Bowers 1091 
 
 Martin Davis 590 
 
 General Martin Davis 473 
 
 Associate Judges. 
 
 Henry Compton 1609 
 
 "William R. Thompson 1603 
 
 John "Williams 995 
 
 Zenas Nash 990 
 
 Probate Judge. 
 
 Robert S. "Wilson 1598 596 
 
 "William R. Perry 1003 
 
 Sherif. 
 
 "William Anderson 1608 634 
 
 Alexander D. Crane 974 
 
 Alexander Crane 30 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Jonathan E. Field 1564 547 
 
 "Welling A, Glover 1017 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Edward Clark. . . . ; 1520 531 
 
 David T. McCollum 989 
 
 David McCollum 30 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 David Page 1453 345 
 
 Dwight Kellogg 1107 
 
 Coroner. 
 
 Alva Brown 1.599 33 
 
 "Walter B. Hewitt 1567 
 
 Abram Sage 1002 
 
 Daniel F. AUmendinger 999 
 
 "William B. Hewitt 34 
 
 County Surveyor. 
 
 Orange Risdon 1604 613 
 
 Smith Lapham 991 
 
 ELECTION OCTOBER, 1837. 
 
 Governor. 
 
 Charles C. Trowbridge, whig.2066 37 
 
 Stevens T. Mason, dem 2039 
 
 Congress. 
 Hezekiah G. Wells, whig. . . .1789 159 
 Isaac E. Crary. dem 1630 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 5, 6, 1838. 
 
 Congress. 
 
 Hezekiah G. Wells, whig... 2218 .368 
 
 Isaac E. Crary, dem 1850 
 
 County Commissioners. 
 
 Dwight Kellogg, whig 2161 
 
 Aaron D. Truesdell, whig. . . .3144 
 
 Darius Pierce, whig 2155 
 
 Orrin White, dem 1823 
 
 Gilbert Shattuck, dem 1820 
 
 Oliver Kellogg, dem 1818 
 
252 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 James Saunders, whig 2194 443 
 
 Emanuel Case, dem 1751 
 
 Oounty Olerk. 
 Leonard C. Goodale, whig. . .2159 347 
 
 Chauncey Joslin, dem 1812 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 David T. McCollum, whig. .2167 343 
 
 Edward Clark, dem. 1824 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Volney Chapin, whig 2172 365 
 
 John C. Mundy, dem 1807 
 
 Coroner. 
 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich, whig.2146 
 
 Robert Edmunds, whig 2164 
 
 Alva Brown, dem 1812 
 
 Thomas Tate, dem 1808 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 4, 5, 1839. 
 
 Governor. 
 
 William Woodbridge, whig.. 2352 516 
 
 Elon Parnsworth, dem 1836 
 
 County Commissioner. 
 
 Darius Pierce, whig .2256 437 
 
 Walter B. Hewett, dem 1819 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 2, 3, 1840. 
 President. 
 William H. Harrison, whig. . .2527 
 
 Martin Van Buren, dem 2057 
 
 Judge of Prohate. 
 
 George Sedgwick, whig 2533 425 
 
 George N. Skinner, dem. . . .2098 
 
 County Commissioner. 
 AaronD.Truesdell, whig... 2487 852 
 
 Walter B. Hewett, dem 3135 
 
 fiheriff. 
 
 James Saunders, whig 3484 369 
 
 James H. Fargo, dem 3115 
 
 County Clerk. 
 Leonardo. Goodale, whig... .3515 413 
 George Danforth, dem 2103 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 George Corselius, whig 2517 415 
 
 Ezra Piatt, dem 2102 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 David T. McCollum, whig. .2522 435 
 
 John 0. Mundy, dem 2097 
 
 Coroner. 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich, whig.3509 
 
 George P. JefiEries, whig 2510 
 
 Matthew F. Gregory, dem . . . 2100 
 Luther Bement, dem 2091 
 
 County Surveyor. 
 
 Richard Peterson, whig 2515 415 
 
 Kussell Whipple; dem 2100 
 
 ELECTION APKIL 5, 1841. 
 
 County Commissioner. 
 
 Hiram Arnold, whig 1805 1318 
 
 Ruf us Mathews, dem 487 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 1, 2, 1841. 
 Governor. 
 
 Philo C. Fuller, whig 1659 
 
 John S. Barry, dem 2012 353 
 
 Jabez S. Fitch, free soil 247 
 
 County Commissioners. 
 
 Charles Starks, dem 1987 
 
 Hiram Arnold, whig . . .'. ... 1645 
 
 Allen Buck, whig 1632 
 
 Ruf us Mathews, dem 263 
 
 Theodore Foster, free soil . . . 203 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 7, 8, 1842. 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Peter Slingerland, dem 1825 263 
 
 Daniel B. Brown, whig 1563 
 
 Justus Morris, free soil 306 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Earls P. Gardiner, dem 1891 381 
 
 John B. Hathaway, whig. . . .1510 
 John Gibson, free soil 305 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 George W. Gilbert, dem 1868 321 
 
 George Corselius, whig 1547 
 
 Converse J. Garland, free soil 305 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Nelson H. Wing dem 1814 256 
 
 Jonathan H. Lund, vehig. . . .1558 
 Samuel McDowell, free soil . . 311 
 
 Coroners. 
 Samuel G. Sutherland, dem. .1842 
 
 Gilbert Shattuck, dem 1868 
 
 Chauncey S.Goodrich, whig. 1543 
 
 Abner A. Wells, whig 1527 
 
 William Allen, free soil 308 
 
 Squire Patchen, free soil .... 308 
 County Surveyor. 
 
 Jacob Preston, dem 1804 377 
 
 Samuel Pettibone, whig 1537 
 
 Samuel W. Foster, free soil . . 311 
 Samuel Preston, dern 47 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 6, 7, 1843. 
 
 Governor. 
 
 John S. Barry, dem 1843 
 
 Zina Pitcher, whig 1684 
 
 James G. Birney, free soil.. . 311 
 
 Congress. 
 Robert McClelland, dem .... 1851 165 
 
 Jacob M. Howard, whig 1686 
 
 Arthur L. Porter, free soil.... 295 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 253 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 4, 5, 1844. 
 President. 
 
 James K. Polk, dem 2550 201 
 
 Henry Clay, whig 3349 
 
 James G. Birney, free soil. . . 366 
 Congresa. 
 
 Robert McClelland, dem 2533 125 
 
 Edwin Lawrence, whig 2408 
 
 Charles H. Stewart, free soil. 398 
 Judge of frobate. 
 
 Samuel P. Fuller, dem 2843 382 
 
 Mitchel Backer, whig 2261 
 
 George Hill, free soil. 347 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Gilbert Shattuck, dem 2580 337 
 
 Townsend North, whig 2343 
 
 Justus Morris, free soil 343 
 
 County Glerk. 
 
 Beriah King, dem 3563 208 
 
 Cassius Swift, whig 2355 
 
 Converse J. Garland, free soil 353 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 Gteorge W. Gilbert, dem. . . .2612 305 
 WilUam H. Patterson, whig. 2307 
 John Chandler, free soil 349 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Oliver W. Moore, dem 2568 318 
 
 Sylvester Abel, whig 3350 
 
 William Kingsley, free soil . . 353 
 
 Coi-oners. 
 Samuel G.Sutherland, dem. 3569 234 
 
 Thomas Tate, dem 2579 337 
 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich whig.. .2343 
 
 Timothy W. Hunt, whig 3335 
 
 Thomas Hoskins, free soil. .. 347 
 John Pebbles, free soil 350 
 
 County Surveyor. 
 
 Russell Whipple, dem 2573 
 
 Samuel Pettibone, whig 3343 
 
 Samuel W. Foster, free soil . . 348 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1845. 
 
 Oovernor. 
 
 Stephen Vickery, whig 2005 255 
 
 Alpheus Felch, dem 1750 
 
 James S. Barry, free soil. . . . 305 
 Coroner. 
 
 Timothy Hunt, whig 1940 350 
 
 Harry Sheppard, dem 1590 
 
 Andrew L. Chase, free soil... 344 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1846. 
 Congress. 
 
 Edwin Lawrence, whig 1853 196 
 
 Robert McClelland, dem. . . .1657 
 Cha rles H. Stewart, free soil . 370 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 Elias M. Skinner, dem 694 138 
 
 Heman Ticknor, whig 566 
 
 George Hill, free soil 16 
 
 County Judge. 
 
 Charles W. Lane, whig 1763 163 
 
 WiUiam A. Fletcher, dem. ..1601 
 George W. Jewett, free soil.. 369 
 
 Sheriff. 
 Ephraim H. Spaulding, whig.1894 478 
 Alexander H. Selden, dem. . . 1416 
 
 George Millard, free soil 269 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Cassius Swift, whig 1832 389 
 
 Benjamin F. Bradley, dem. .1443 
 John Chandler, free soil 376 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Thomas M. Ladd, whig 1790 337 
 
 Charles H. Cavell, dem 1463 
 
 Converse J. Garland, free soil 266 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Sylvester Abel, whig 1861 413 
 
 Hem-y Rumsey, dem 1448 
 
 Horace Carpenter, free soil . . 263 
 
 Coroners. 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich, whig.1783 
 
 Timothy Hunt, whig 1783 
 
 Mathew F. Gregory, dem . . . 1539 
 
 Luke Daley, dem 1504 
 
 Jacob Sherman, free soil. . . . 871 
 Martin H. Cowles, free soil. . 371 
 
 County Surveyor. 
 
 Samuel Pettibone, whig 1779 225 
 
 Russell Whipple, dem 1554 
 
 Samuel W. Foster, free soil . . 247 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1847. 
 
 Oovernor. 
 
 Epaphroditus Ransom, dem . .1849 4.? 
 James M. Edmunds, whig. ..1806 
 Chester Guerney, free soil.... 368 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1848. 
 
 President. 
 
 Lewis Cass, dem 3031 53 
 
 Zachary Taylor, whig 3039 
 
 Martin Van Buren, free soil. 918 
 
 Congress. 
 
 George C. Bates, whig 3113 19 
 
 Alexander W. Buel, dem 3094 
 
 Caleb N. Ormsby, Iree soil. . 844 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 Churchill H. VanCleve,whig.2092 5 
 
 Elias M. Skinner, dem 2087 
 
 Loren C. Miles, free soil. . . . 846 
 
254 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 16 
 
 159 
 
 Sheriff. 
 Ephraim H. Spaulding, whig.2163 96 
 Peter Slingerland, dem . . . .2067 
 Horace Carpenter, free soil. . 817 
 County Clerk. 
 
 John C. Mundy, dem 2032 5 
 
 James McMahon, whig 2027 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Thomas M. Ladd, whig 2068 
 
 Jesse P. Warner, dem 2052 
 
 John G. Grisson, free soil. . . 911 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Sylvester Abel, whig 2139 
 
 Benjamin P. Bradley, dem. .1980 
 
 Pitch Hill, free soil 875 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Jared Hatch, dem 2079 
 
 David Tyler, dem 2074 
 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich, whig. 2070 
 Mathew P. Gregory, whig. . .2069 
 Emanuel Mann, free soil. . . . 883 
 Prosper J. Wheeler, free soil . 867 
 County Surveyor. 
 
 John M. Chase, dem 2085 16 
 
 George Cook, whig 2069 
 
 Jacob Preston, free soil 844 
 
 ELECTION. NOV. 4, 18.51. 
 Governor. 
 Robert McClelland, dem. . . .1495 119 
 Townseud E. Gidley, wljig. .1376 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 2, 1852. 
 President. 
 
 Franklin Pierce, dem 2604 329 
 
 Winfield Scott, whig 3275 
 
 John P. Hale, free soil 603 
 
 Oovernor. 
 Robert McClelland, dem. . . .2630 284 
 Zachariah Chandler, whig . . . 2346 
 Isaac P . Christiancy, free soil 498 
 Secretary of Slate. 
 
 William Graves, dem 2640 335 
 
 George E. Pomeroy, whig. . .2305 
 Francis Dennison, free soil . . . 538 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 Bernard C. Whittemore, dem.2605 288 
 
 Sylvester Abel, whig 2327 
 
 Silas W. Holmes, free soil. . . 537 
 Congress. 
 
 David Stuart, dem 2570 93 
 
 William A. Howard, whig.. .2477 
 Samuel W. Dexter, free soil.. 387 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 Chauncey Joslin, dem 2703 463 
 
 David T. McClelland, whig. 2240 
 Thomas Hoskins, free soil . . . 479 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Nelson B. Nye, dem 2650 224 
 
 Justus D. Andrus, whig. . . . 2326 
 
 Moses Rogers, free soil 469 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 James McMahon, whig 2349 320 
 
 Bradley F. Granger, dem 2329 
 
 J. Webster Childs, free soil . . 506 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Nelson Mosher, dem 2588 218 
 
 Lorenzo Davis, whig 2370 
 
 Samuel B. Noble, free soil. . 495 • 
 
 Courdy Treasurer. 
 
 Rufus Mathews, dem 2499 68 
 
 William Burnett, whig 2431 
 
 Sam. D. McDowell, free soil. 490 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 James M. Walker whig 2561 90 
 
 Thomas H. Marsh, dem 2471 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioner. 
 Churchill H.Van Cleve, whig . 243 1 57 
 
 Charles D. Coleman, dem 3374 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Calvin Chipman, dem 2639 
 
 James Crissey, dem 2639 
 
 John K. Yocum, whig 2297 
 
 William Rawles, whig 2296 
 
 Lester Jewett, free soil 517 
 
 Seth Thompson, free soil .... 512 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1854. 
 Oovernoi'. 
 Kinsley S. Bingham, rep ... . 2821 691 
 John 8. Barry, dem 2130 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 John McKinney , rep 2781 670 
 
 William L. Bancroft, dem.. 2111 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 Silas M. Holmes, rep 2783 675 
 
 Derastijs Hinman, dem 2108 
 
 Congress. 
 William A. Howard, rep ... . 2853 836 
 
 David Stuart, dem 2017 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 John C. Mead, rep 3781 597 
 
 Nelson B. Nye, dem 2134 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Robert J. Barry, rep 2435 30 
 
 Amos 0. Blodget, dem 2405 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 William R. Martin, rep 2655 442 
 
 Nelson Mosher, dem 2313 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Samuel Grisson, rep 2354 338 
 
 Hull Goodyear, dem 2026 
 
HISTOB? OF WASHTENAW CODNTY. 
 
 255 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 Alexander D. Crane, rep ... . 2718 600 
 
 Thomas H. Marsh, dem 3118 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioner. 
 
 Hiram J. Beakes, dem 3513 186 
 
 Churchill H. Van Cleve, rep.3a27 
 Coroners. 
 
 John Pebbles, rep 2737 
 
 Lee S. Forsyth, dem 3573 
 
 J. Webster Childs, rep 3376 
 
 Orange Risdon, dem 3114 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1856. 
 President. 
 
 John C. Fremont, rep 3571 736 
 
 James Buchanan, dem 2835 
 
 Millard Fillmore, am 109 
 
 Governor. 
 Kinsley S. Bingham, rep... 3538 558 
 
 Alpheus Felch, dem 3980 
 
 Congress. 
 William A. Howard, rep. . .3618 711 
 
 . G. V . N . Lothrop, dem 3907 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 John McKinney, rep 3583 643 
 
 Fitz H . Stephens, dem 2940 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 Silas M. Holmes, rep 3576 681 
 
 Robert W. Davis, dem 3945 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 Bradley F. Granger, rep 3483 444 
 
 Nelson Mosher, dem 3039 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Robert J. Barry, rep 3691 875 
 
 Thos. L. Humphryville, dem.3816 
 Register of Deeds . 
 
 ■ William R . Martin, rep 3634 757 
 
 John D. Pierce, dem 3877 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Samuel Grisson, rep '.. . 3631 943 
 
 William F. Osias, dem 2888 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Alexander D. Crane, rep 3537 546 
 
 Hiram J. Beakes, dem 3981 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioner . 
 Churchill H. Vancleve, rep. .3630 747 
 
 George Danforth, dem 2883 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Orin White, rep 3586 
 
 Lemuel Foster, rep 3580 
 
 Gilbert Shattuck, dem 2933 
 
 John Starkweather, dem. . . .3927 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1858. 
 Governor. 
 
 Moses Wisner, rep 3313 330 
 
 Charles E. Stuart, dem 3993 
 
 Congress. 
 William A. Howard, rep. . . 3333 348 
 
 George B. Cooper, dem 3975 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 Nelson G. Isbell, rep 3326 334 
 
 Jonathan P. King, dem 2993 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 John McKinney, rep 3325 337 
 
 Edward Kauter, dem 3988 
 
 Sheriff. 
 Thomas F. Leonard, dem. . . 3347 363 
 Thomas Alexander, Jr., rep . 3884 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Robert J. Barry, rep 3537 749 
 
 Newton Sheldon, dem 3778 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 Chauncey Walbridge, rep. . .3081 
 Horatio G. Sheldon, dem.. . .3181 100 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Samuel Grisson, rep 3310 329 
 
 George H. Lyon, dem 3981 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Sylvester Abel, rep 3405 559 
 
 Thos. L. Humphryville, dem . 3846 
 Circuit Court Commissioner. 
 Churchill H. Van Cleve, rep . 3279 261 
 
 Nelson Mosher, dem .3018 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Collins B. Cook, rep 3298 
 
 Nelson B. Nye, dem 3156 
 
 Henry Warner, dem 3066 
 
 Henry Bower, dem 3989 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1860. 
 President. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, rep 4386 656 
 
 Stephen A. Douglas, dem . . . 3630 
 Governor. 
 
 Austin Blair, rep 4278 540 
 
 John S. Bany, dem 3738 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 James B. Porter, rep 4891 1164 
 
 William Francis, dem 3727 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 John Owen, rep 4303 589 
 
 Elon Farnsworth, dem 3713 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 Thomas Ninde, rep 4355 696 
 
 Daniel Hixon, dem 3859 
 
 Sheriff. 
 William H. Patterson, rep. .4067 136 
 Thomas F. Leonard, dem. . .3931 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Robert J. Barry, rep 441 3 834 
 
 John .J Robison, dem 3589 
 
256 
 
 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Judah B. McLeaa, rep 4118 256 
 
 Horatio G. Sheldon, dem.. . .3862 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Samuel Qrisson, rep 4330 646 
 
 John M. Chase, dem 3684 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 Alexander D. Crane, rep. . ..4179 366 
 Lyman D. Morris, dem 3813 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioner. 
 
 Daniel S. Twitchell, rep . . . .4271 537 
 John N. Gott, dem 3734 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Joseph P. Jewett, rep 4266 
 
 Smith Botsford, rep 4290 
 
 Sampson Parker, dem 3733 
 
 Philemon C. Murray, dem . . .3721 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1863. 
 
 Governor. 
 
 Byron G. Stout, dem 3527 885 
 
 Austin Blair, rep 3142 
 
 Congress. 
 
 Bradley F. Granger, rep 3528 397 
 
 John W. Longyear, dem 3131 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 William E. Montgomery, dem.3191 19 
 James B. Porter, rep 3172 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 Charles O. Trowbridge, dem .3493 311 
 John Owen, rep 3182 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Philip Winnegar, dem 3539 390 
 
 John K. Yocum, rep 3149 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Tracey W. Root, dem 3337 9 
 
 Robert J. Barry, rep 3338 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Horatio G. Sheldon, dem. . .3473 250 
 Judah R. McLean, rep 3323 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Horace Carpenter, union. . . .3413 151 
 Samuel Grisson, rep 3361 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Alexander!). Crane, union. .3352 33 
 Daniel S. TwitcheD, rep 3319 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioners. 
 
 Thos. L. Humphryville, dem. 3423 
 
 George Danforth, dem 3414 
 
 Churchill H. Van Cleve, rep. 3399 
 Daniel B. Greene, rep 3099 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Martin Clark, dem 3525 
 
 Philemon C. Murray, dem. . .3512 
 
 Smith Botsford, rep 3194 
 
 Joseph P. Jewett, rep 3174 
 
 County Surveyor. 
 
 Charles S. Woodard, dem. . ..3352 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1864. 
 
 President. 
 
 George B. McClellan, dem.. 3836 
 Abraham Lincoln, rep 3632 
 
 Governor. 
 
 William M. Fenton, dem 3844 
 
 Henry H. Crapo, rep . . .3643 
 
 Congress. 
 
 David Johnson, dem 3840 
 
 John W. Longyear, rep. . . 8650 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 George B. Turner, dem. 
 James B. Porter, rep . . 
 
 .8843 
 .3650 
 
 304 
 
 201 
 
 190 
 
 193 
 
 StaAe Treasurer. 
 
 George C. Munro, rep 3843 193 
 
 John Owen, dem 8650 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 Thomas Ninde, rep 8611 159 
 
 Hiram J. Beakes, dem. 8870 
 
 Sheriff: 
 
 Philip Winegar, dem 3806 113 
 
 John C. Mead, rep 3683 
 
 County Clerk: 
 
 Eliliu B. Pond, dem 3843 302 
 
 Everett B. Clark, rep 3640 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Peter Tuite, dem 3828 160 
 
 John W. Babbitt, rep 3668 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Philip Blum, dem 3833 163 
 
 Robert McCall, rep 3661 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Amos C. Blodgett, .dem 3803 115 
 
 Daniel S. Twitchell, rep 8688 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioners. 
 
 John Carpenter, dem 3843 
 
 Robert E. Frazier, dem 3881 
 
 George W. Ambrose, rep . . . .3660 
 
 Charles Holmes, rep 3643 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Philemon C. Murray, dem 8867 
 
 Levi H. Reynolds, dem 8856 
 
 William McCall, rep 3648 
 
 Collins B. Cook, rep 3645 
 
7 
 
 ^^-<i 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 259 
 
 Genuity Surveyor. 
 
 Charles S. Woodard, dem . . . 3867 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1866. 
 
 Governor. 
 
 Henry H. Crapo, rep 3914 236 
 
 Alpheus S. Williams, dem. .3688 
 
 Congress. 
 
 Austin Blair, rep 3919 255 
 
 Bradley F. Granger, dem . . . 8664 
 
 Secretary of Stole. 
 
 Oliver L. Spaulding, rep. .. . 8918 230 
 Bradley M. Thompson, dem. 8688 
 
 Stats Treasurer. 
 
 Ebenezer O. Grosvenor, rep. . 3916 339 
 Luther H. Trask, dem 3687 
 
 SUriff. 
 
 Byron R. Porter, rep 8815 36 
 
 James M. Forsyth, dem. . . .8779 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 John I. Thompson, rep 3876 171 
 
 Elihu B. Pond, dem 8705 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Clinton Spencer, rep 8905 317 
 
 Peter Tuite, dem 8683 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 John W. Babbitt, rep 8854 113 
 
 Philip Blum, dem 8741 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Robert E. Frazier, dem 8887 90 
 
 Densmore Cramer, rep 8747 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioners. 
 
 Sibley G. Taylor, rep. 3923 
 
 , Charles Holmes, rep 8898 
 
 John N. Gott, dem 3685 
 
 J. Willard Babbitt, dem 8681 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 George H. Rhodes, rep 3911 
 
 Joshua G. Leeland, rep 3910 
 
 William E. Towner, dem. . .3690 
 William F. North, dem 3B73 
 
 County Surveyor. 
 Charles S. Woodard, dem 3544 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 8. 1868. 
 President. 
 
 Horatio Seymour, dem 4496 38 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant, rep 4463 
 
 Oovernor. 
 
 John Moore, dem 4529 80 
 
 Henry P. Baldwin, rep 4449 
 
 16 
 
 Congress. 
 
 Isaac M. Crane, dem 4554 137 
 
 Austin Blair, rep 4417 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 Richard Bayliss, dem 4526 70 
 
 Oliver L. Spaulding, rep 4456 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 John F. Miller, dem 4553 135 
 
 Ebenezer O. Grosvenor, rep.. 4428 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 Hiram J. Beakes, dem 4633 31 4 
 
 Alexander D. Crane, rep 4319 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Byron R. Porter, rep 4561 146 
 
 Jortin Forbes, dem 4415 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 John J. Robison, dem 4575 304 
 
 Robert J. Barry, rep 4371 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Clinton Spencer, rep 4543 110 
 
 Peter Tuite, dem 4433 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Philip Blum, dem. .. , 4489 13 
 
 Samuel Grisson, rep 4476 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Robert E. Frazier, dem 4589 205 
 
 Andrew J. Sawyer, rep 4384 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioners. 
 
 Sibley G. Taylor, rep 4513 
 
 Charles Holmes, Jr., rep. . . .4412 
 
 Richard Beahan, dem 4478 
 
 J. Willard Babbitt, dem 4583 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Willard B. Smith, rep 4436 
 
 Andrew Robison, rep 4557 
 
 William F. Roth, dem 4518 
 
 Burke Spencer, dem 4516 
 
 Surveyor. 
 George S. Capwell, dem 4518 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1870. 
 
 Oovernor. 
 
 Charles C Comstock, dem. .3789 319 
 
 Henry P. Baldwin, rep 3570 
 
 Congress. 
 D. Darwin Hughes, dem. . . 3792 209 
 
 Austin Blair, rep 3583 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 Jonathan W. Flanders, dem . 8787 185 
 
 Daniel Striker, rep 3602 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 Andrew J. Bowen, dem 8786 182 
 
 Victory P. Collier, rep 3604 
 
260 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Myron Webb, dem 3739 88 
 
 John C. Mead, rep 3651 
 
 Goiinty Glerk. 
 
 John J. Robison, dem 3860 348 
 
 Byron R. Porter, rep 3512 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Charles H. Manly, dem 3783 179 
 
 Clinton Spencer, rep 3604 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Philip Blum, dem 3645 
 
 Stephen Fairchild, rep 3730 85 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Edwin P. Uhl, dem 3703 54 
 
 Andrew J. Sawyer, rep 3654 
 
 Cirniit Court Gommissionert. 
 
 Richard Beahan, dem 3738 
 
 J. Willard Babbitt, dem 3801 
 
 Sibley G. Taylor, rep 3615 
 
 Churchill H. Van Cleve, rep. 3548 
 Coroners. 
 
 Jeremiah Peek, dem 3773 
 
 Philemon C. Murray, dem.. 3777 
 Atchison W. Gleason, rep. . .3615 
 
 George H. Rhodes, rep 3609 
 
 SurBeyor. 
 
 George S. CJapwell, dem 3777 167 
 
 Samuel Pettibone, rep 3610 
 
 ELECTION OF NOV. 5, 1872. 
 President. 
 
 Horace Greeley, dem 3030 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant, rep 4106 1076 
 
 James Black, pro 116 
 
 Charles O'Conor, dem 11 
 
 Gocernor. 
 
 Austin Blair, dem 3197 
 
 John J. Bagley, rep 4174 977 
 
 "William M. Ferry, pro 102 
 
 Congress. 
 
 Asa Mahan, dem 3197 
 
 Henry Waldron, rep 4250 1053 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 George H. House, dem 3273 
 
 Daniel Striker, rep 4159 887 
 
 Thomas C. Cutler, pro 103 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 Joseph A. Holton, dem 3270 
 
 Victory P. Collier, rep 4160 890 
 
 Clement M. Davison, pro. . . . 107 
 
 Judge of Probate. 
 
 Alpheus Felch, dem 3398 
 
 Noah W. Cheever, rep 4095 697 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Michael Fleming, dem 3804 99 
 
 John 8. Nowland, rep 3705 
 
 Gounty Glerk. 
 
 William N. Stevens, rep 4086 660 
 
 Frank Joslin, dem 3426 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Charles H. Manly, dem 3596 
 
 Emanuel G. Shaffer, rep 3942 346 
 
 Gounty Treasurer. 
 
 Philip Blum, dem 2864 
 
 Stephen Fairchild, rep 4634 1770 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Densmore Cramer, dem 3033 
 
 Edward R. Allen, rep 4404 1343 
 
 Gircu.it Gourt Gommissioner. 
 
 James H. Morris, dem 2874 
 
 John W. Babbitt, dem 33 M 
 
 John F. Lawrence, rep 4574 1354 
 
 Churchill H. Van Cleve, rep. 4171 851 
 
 Coroners. 
 Philemon C. Murray, dem. . .3303 
 
 Benjamin F. Cole, dem 3269 
 
 William F. Breakey, rep 4174 871 
 
 William Dexter, rep 4192 889 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1874. 
 
 Qomrnor. 
 
 Henry Chamberlain, dem . . . 4068 565 
 
 John J. Bagley, rep 3503 
 
 Congress. 
 
 John J. Robison, dem 4332 681 
 
 Henry Waldron, rep 3.551 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 George H. House, dem 4055 515 
 
 Ebenezer G. D. Holden, rep.. 3540 
 State Treasurer. 
 
 Joseph M. Sterling, dem 4056 519 
 
 William B. McCreery, rep. . .3537 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Michael Fleming, dem 4353 1141 
 
 David Edwards, rep 3313 
 
 Gounty Glerk. 
 
 Peter Tuite, dem 3941 299 
 
 William N. Stevens, rep 3643 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Charles S. Woodard, dem 3269 
 
 Emanuel G. Shaffer, rep. . . .4330 1061 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 William Hauke, dem 3257 
 
 Stephen Fairchild, rep 4280 1023 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 Robert E. Frazier, dem 3825 85 
 
 Edward P. Allen, rep 3740 
 
 Circuit Gourt Commissioner. 
 
 John F. Lawrence, rep 3975 
 
 Frank Emerick, rep 3598 
 
 Tracy W. Root, dem 3716 
 
 J. Willard Babbitt, dem 3816 
 
HISTOKT OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 
 
 261 
 
 VoTonen . 
 
 William F. Breakey, rep 3545 
 
 Bennett P. Root, rep 3545 
 
 John Kapp, dem 4077 
 
 Calvin F. Ashley, dem 4042 
 
 Surveyor. 
 
 John K. Yocum, rep 3585 
 
 Smith Wilbur, dem 3980 395 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1876. 
 Pre^idnd. 
 Rutherford B. Hayes, rep. . . .4565 
 
 Samuel J. Tilden, dem 5117 552 
 
 Peter Cooper, nat 23 
 
 Oowrnor- 
 William L. Webber, dem. . . .5150 618 
 Charles M. Croswell, rep. . . .4533 
 C ingress. 
 
 John J. Robison, dem 5183 605 
 
 Edwin Willits, rep 4478 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 George H. House, dem ....5123 548 
 Ebenezer G. D. Holden, rep. 4575 
 State Treanurer. 
 
 John G. Parkhurst, dem 5186 628 
 
 William B. McCreery, vep. ..4558 
 
 Judge o/ Probate. 
 Noah W. Cheever, rep .. .4701 
 William D, Harriman, dem. 4988 287 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Josiah S. Case, dem 4995 340 
 
 Jacob H. Martin, rep 4655 
 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Peter Tuite, dem 5145 606 
 
 James C. Higgins, rep 4539 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 Charles H. Manly, dem.... 5141 603 
 
 William Judson, rep 4538 
 
 County Treaaurer. 
 
 Mathew Gensley, dem 5023 451 
 
 Stephen Fairchild, rep 4672 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 J. Willard Babbitt, dem. . . .4864 39 
 
 John F. Lawrence, rep 4825 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioners. 
 Charles R. Whitman, dem. . .5060 
 D. Oliphant Church, dem. . .4705 
 
 Frank Emerick, rep 4804 
 
 Eugene K. Freenauff, rep . . .4705 
 Coroners. 
 
 Martin Clark, dem 5113 
 
 Lewis C. Risdon, dem 5093 
 
 George A. Peters, rep 4591 
 
 John 6. Crane, rep 4584 
 
 Suriieyor. 
 
 Smith Wilbur, dem 5062 447 
 
 Harrison W. Bassett, rep... 4615 
 
 ELECTION NOV. 5, 1878. 
 Governor. 
 Charles M. Croswell, rep. . . .3338 99 
 Orlando M. Barnes, dem 3239 
 
 Henry S. Smith, nat 1302 
 
 Watson Snyder, pro 244 
 
 Congress. 
 
 Ira B. Card, dem 3168 
 
 Edwin Willits, rep 3520 352 
 
 Levi H. Thomas, nat 1293 
 
 Adam H. Lowrie, pro 123 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 William Jenney, rep 3413 170 
 
 George H. Murdock, dem.... 3243 
 
 George H. Bruce, nat 1311 
 
 Travers Philips, pro 164 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 Benjamin D. Pritchard, rep. 3400 189 
 Alexander McFarlan, dem.. 8211 
 
 Herman Goeschel, nat 1325 
 
 Darius H. Stone, pro 163 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Josiah S. Case, dem 3618 308 
 
 Henry S. Boutell, rep 3310 
 
 James M. Forsyth, nat Iu53 
 
 Edward H. Jackson, pro. . . . 124 
 County Clerk. 
 
 Peter Tuite, dem 3359 
 
 Everett B. Clark, rep 3527 168 
 
 Ezekiel Jl. Cole, nat 1076 
 
 Caleb S. Pitkin, pro 133 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 Charles H. Manley, dem 3622 413 
 
 Erastus N. Gilbert, rep 3209 
 
 Albert T. Bruegel, nat 1136 
 
 Thomas Eccles, pro 127 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Mathew Gensley, dem 3120 
 
 Stephen Fairchild, rep 3689 569 
 
 Byron C. Whittaker, nat. . . .1156 
 
 Charles M. Fellows, pro 123 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney. 
 Charles R. Whitman, dem.... 2770 
 
 Frank Emerick, rep , 3345 
 
 Robert E. Frazier, nat 1866 
 
 Daniel B. Taylor, pro. 103 
 
 Circuit Court Commissioners. 
 
 James >[cMahon, rep. 3416 
 
 Fred. A. Hunt, rep 3342 
 
 Howard Stephenson, dem . . . 3275 
 
 Patrick McKernan, dem 3338 
 
 Warren E. Walker, nat 1284 
 
 Frank Poote, nat 1 169 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Franklin K. Owen, rep 3416 
 
 Will G. Terry, rep 3483 
 
 Martin Clark, dem 3180 
 
 Frank Joslin, dem 3198 
 
 Jonathan E. Sprague, nat. . .1292 
 
 John W. Babbitt, nat 1277 
 
 Thomas J. Forsyth, pro. . . . 159 
 
 Christopher Hauser, pro 144 
 
 Courdy Surveyor. 
 
 John K. Yocum, rep 3494 287 
 
 George T. Clark, dem 3207 
 
CHAPTEE XI. 
 
 SOME OF WASHTENAW COUNTY's ILLUSTRIOUS DEAD. 
 
 Death has no favorites; whether high or low, rich or poor, everj' 
 hninan being is summoned once and must obey. The living con- 
 tinually mourn for the dead. In this chapter are given a few, and 
 but a few, of the illustrious men and women of Washtenaw county 
 who have passed away, and who, it is hoped, in brighter, worlds, are 
 in the full enjoyment of eternal happiness, and who wait for the 
 coming* of loved ones who yet remain this side of the "valley and 
 shadow of death." 
 
 JOHN ALLEN. 
 
 John Allen, one of the founders of the city of Ann Arbor, was 
 Sorn in Augusta county, Virginia, May 17, 1796. His parents 
 were James and Elizabeth (Tate) Allen, both of whom were native 
 Virginians. The subject of this sketch spent his earlier life in his 
 native State, and obtained there his elementary education. In 
 January, 1824, he came to Michigan, and in company with E. W. 
 Rumsaj', penetrated the wilderness from Detroit to Washtenaw 
 county, where the two located the site of Ann Arbor. Shortly 
 after the location of the village Mr. Allen began speculating in land 
 and laying ont embryo cities. At one time he was the owner of 
 many thousands of acres of land in the western part of the State. 
 The hard times of 1837 affected him severely, and he went East to 
 dispose of his land, but the dullness of the money market operated 
 against him, entailing a great loss. 
 
 Mr. Allen was a man of an exceedingly hopefnl disposition, and 
 one of considerable force of character. Whatever he undertook, he 
 brought to bear all the energies of his nature, and in every enter- 
 prise looking to thedevelopment of Ann Arbor he was in the lead. 
 In company with S. W. Dexter, he published for a time the West- 
 ern JStfiigrant, the first paper in Washtenaw county. He studied 
 Tkw with James Kingsley, and was admitted to the Bar in 1832, but 
 gave but little of his time to his profession. 
 
 Mr. Allen was twice married. First, to Miss Mary Crawford, 
 J^ov. 2, 1815, in Virginia. Mrs. Allen was of an old family of that 
 State. She died May 6, 1819. Second, to Mrs. Ann J. McCue, 
 widow of Dr. William McCue, and daughter of Thomas Barry, of 
 Londonderry, Ireland. 
 
 In 1850 Mr. Allen went to California, hoping in that famous 
 country, to soon recover the fortune he had lost. But such was not 
 
 (263) 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTV. 263 
 
 to be the case, for on the 11th of March, 1851, he was called to his 
 eternal home. 
 
 Mrs. Allen, on his decease, returned to Virginia, where she died 
 Nov. 27, 1875, in the T9th year of her age. 
 
 HON. JAMES KINGSLET. 
 
 James Kingsley was born in Canterbury, Windham county. 
 Conn., on Jan. 6, 1797, and moved with his parents to Brooklyn 
 in the same county, where he attended school till about 19 years 
 of age. He then went to Providence, Rhode Island, where he 
 studied Latin with a professor of Latin in Brown University. After 
 finishing his Latin course he returned to Brooklyn where he 
 studied law and was admitted to the Bar in that county. In 1823 
 he went to Virginia and was engaged as private teacher in the 
 family of Ludwell Lee, son of the famous Richard Henry Lee. 
 
 He remained in Virginia until the winter of 1826, when he went 
 to Mississippi, settling in the town of Grand Gulf. Shortly after- 
 ward, the yellow fever breaking out, he concluded to emigrate to 
 Michigan, and learning that Ann Arbor was a new and thriving 
 village in the Territory, he directed his steps hither. He came up 
 the Mississippi and Ohio rivers by boat, landing at Cincinnati, 
 where he purchased a horse and rode to Detroit. At the latter 
 place he sold his horse and came on foot to Ann Arbor, reaching 
 here in the fall of 1826. Upon arriving in the village of Ann Ar- 
 bor he selected two lots of land about three miles north of this city, 
 and returned the next day to Detroit and entered his lots in the 
 land office there. He then j-eturned here and began work by clear- 
 ing on his land during that fall and winter five acres, devoting all 
 his time to his land, as no court was held till January, 1827. At 
 that time he commenced the practice of law here, being the first 
 attorney admitted to practice at this Bar. 
 
 In 1830 lie was married to Miss Lucy ^nn Clark, a sister of Gen. 
 Edward Clark, of this city. She died in 1866, and three children sur- 
 vive: Mrs. C. A. Chapin, of Ann Arbor; James and George Kings- 
 ley, of Paola, Kansas. 
 
 In 1828 Mr. Kingsley was appointed Judge of Probate, which 
 office he held until 1836— eight years. From 1830 till 1833 inclu- 
 sive, he was a member of the Legislative Council of the Territory of 
 Michiga.i, and March 3, 1831, he was appointed a Trustee of the 
 University of Michigan. In 1837 he was a member of tlie Lower 
 House of the State Legislature, and in 1838, 1839 and 1842 a mem- 
 ber of the Senate. While a member of the Senate in 1842 he drew 
 the charter of the Michigan Central railroad by which it went into 
 operation — its first charter. In 1848 he was again elected a mem- 
 ber of the House, and in 1850 was a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention, in which he was on the Judiciary Committee, and oc- 
 cupied a prominent position in the proceedings and delibsrations 
 of the Convention. In 1852 he became Regent of the University, 
 
264 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 belonging to the first set of elected Regents, the Regents prior to 
 1852 having been appointed by the Senate upon the nomination of 
 the Governor. This office he held for the full term of six years. 
 In 1869-"70 he was again elected to the Lower Honse, which was 
 the last official position held by him. He was also the second Mayor 
 of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Judge Kingsley came to Michigan in 1826, just as the tide of 
 population was beginning to flow into its Territory. He became a 
 citizen here before the organization of the populous county of Wash- 
 tenaw and when its present capital town had little more than a 
 nominal existence. He was one of that band of noble, patriotic, 
 enterprising and educated men, who, coming into the wilderness of 
 a new country, laid the foundation for the State, and who will bear 
 forever the worthy name of pioneer. 
 
 His life has been continued beyond tliatofrnost of his associates. 
 Few of the early settlers of that day remain to speak his praise, or 
 to drop a tear at his grave. 
 
 Although educated to the profession of the law and intending to 
 devote his life to its practice, the field which he chose offered at the 
 time of his settlement here little encouragement to the lawyer. 'No 
 court had been here established; no business complications demanded 
 professional services or judicial investigation. He was at the first 
 session ever held by a Court of Record within the limits of the 
 county. Although the last of his profession here who has fallen, 
 his name stands inscribed first on the roll as the oldest and earliest 
 member of the Bar. For more than fifty years he has been a promi- 
 nent member of this community, sometimes engaged in professional 
 labors, sometimes in more general business pursuits, and sometimes 
 in the performance of official duties. 
 
 As a lawyer Judge Kingsley had little love for the technicalities 
 of the profession. He knew nothing of the tricks of the pettifogger, 
 and never soiled his hands with his practices. The labor of the 
 office and the drudgery of the details in the preparation of causes 
 were not much to his taste, but he was a true advocate of the great 
 principles of the law. Right and justice always commanded his 
 support, and in him they found an ardent and successful advocate. 
 He was true as steel to his client, yet nothing could induce him by 
 trick or chicanery to pervert the law. His eftbrts in the courts 
 were always marked with ability and learning, but his best efforts 
 were before the jury. Where he thought his client was the subject 
 of oppression or of attempted injustice, he kindled with unwonted 
 zeal, and his advocacy became botli striking and powerful. His 
 words of invective against the offender, on such occasions, were 
 scorching, and his warm plea for justice — plain, simple justice — 
 rung out in that eloquent tone which commanded the sympathy of 
 all hearers. We can well remember such occasions, when these 
 bursts of eloquence from his lips fell upon the ears of both jury and 
 spectators with a power fascinating and almost irresistible. 
 
HISTOBY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 265 
 
 Nor did the kindlier feelings fail sometimes to appear in these 
 professional efforts, The play of his fancy and the sallies of his 
 wit not unfreqnently broke the dullness of the more grave and 
 serious business at the court. 
 
 Judge Kingsley was honored by his fellow citizens with many 
 offices of trust and authority. During eight years he was Judge of 
 Probate, and for many years a member of the Legislative Council of 
 the Territory, and afterward of the Legislature of the State. He 
 has been Mayor of the city, a member of the Constitutional Con- 
 vention and Kegent of the University. 
 
 The confidence which the community always had in his capacity, 
 and above all in his strict integrity and honor, made him ever a 
 popular man. The free voluntary suffrage of his fellow-citizens 
 thrusted office upon him. The duties of his officiallife he performed 
 diligently and conscientiously, and his retirement from office was 
 without a stain upon his reputation, or tJie whisper of doubt as to 
 the purity of his acts or his motives. 
 
 Judge Kingsley was a man of great simplicity of character. No 
 display or show was ever exhibited by him. Although a man of 
 more than ordinary stores of learning, and rich in the fruits of 
 much philosophic reflection, it was never the subject of boast or 
 show, and it is thought that few of his immediate acquaintances 
 estimated him in that regard as highly as he deserved. He often 
 exhibited the guileless spirit of a child. He would not suspect a 
 wrong in others. He was kind and generous in his impulses, a 
 true sympathizer with the poor and unfortunate, and a warm and 
 sincere friend. The rough contact with the world seems to have 
 affected him little, and the books which he read in his youth and 
 the memory of his early friends remained dear to him to the last 
 day of his life. 
 
 It was perhaps these traits of simplicity and sincerity and this 
 character of integrity and honor which marked the course of his 
 long life, which, more than anything besides, made him a popular 
 favorite and knitted so strongly the tie that bound him and his more 
 intimate friends together. 
 
 Judge Kingsley was politically a Democrat, and in many a cam- 
 paign did yeoman service in behalf of the party, always making 
 effective speeches from the platform, speeches well calculated to 
 arouse the enthusiasm and stimulate the zeal of his hearers. As 
 an official — judicial, legislative, or executive — he was ever true to 
 the trust reposed in him, never bartering the interests of his con- 
 stituents for personal gain. Ann Arbor is specially indebted to 
 him for his early and earnest effort in locating, establishing and 
 building up the University, and those of our citizens who knew him 
 will long hold him in remembrance. The following tribute is 
 from the pen of Judge Lawrence: 
 
 Judge Kingsley was among the first practicing lawyers in the 
 county. He beheld the judiciary in its infancy as a Territorial 
 court, under the administration of Judge Dexter, who obliged some 
 
266 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 culprits to swea/r to a plea of guilty, and witnessed its rise and prog- 
 ress through its various changes and gradations, until it had 
 assumed a name and character inferior to none in this vast and 
 mighty Union. In all these courts, from that of Justice of the 
 Peace to the Supreme Court, he, as a member of the Bar, played 
 his part and played it well. 
 
 His professional career was always honorable, just and manly. 
 His word was as good as his bond, and it required no written stip- 
 ulation to refresh his recollection ; naturally truthful and honest, he 
 had not learned how to prevaricate or evade, and in all his exten- 
 sive practice no occasion ever arose to question his integrity or 
 honor. As a practitioner he was without reproach and utterly 
 incapable of meanness or chicanery. He was as honest in his 
 profession as out of it. Plis integrity was too real to be bartered 
 for temporary gain and too natural to be even tempted. It cost 
 him no effort to be honest, but it was naturally impossible for him 
 to be otherwise. 
 
 As a mere lawyer, Mr. Kingsley always held an honorable posi- 
 tion. His mind was exceedingly acute and discriminating. In 
 the trial of causes and in the scrutinizing of testimony no important 
 fact ever escaped his notice. He was quick to see the strong points 
 in his own case and the weak ones in that of his adversary. His 
 discrimination and good judgment rarely allowed him to misapply 
 the law to the facts. 
 
 He was a well-read and sound lawyer, and his judgment, aided 
 by his common sense, rarely deceived his clients. While maintain- 
 ing an honorable position as a lawyer, as an advocate and orator, in 
 a certain class of cases, he, at the Bar of the county, was without 
 a peer. Ridicule is sometimes the most effective argument that 
 can be used, and when tTie state of the facts would allow it, no man 
 ever better understood or wielded it, as a matter of defense, with 
 more power or success. At the Bar and in deliberative assemblies 
 Mr. Kingsley often resorted to this mode of defeating his opponent, 
 and the recollection of many wonderful exhibitions of this faculty 
 is still fresh in the minds of those who witnessed them. 
 
 No revenge, no malignity, accompanied those efforts, but a sim- 
 ple and genuine wit, characterized by an inimitable manner of 
 delivery, carried all before it, courts, juries and public assemblies. 
 His memory will ever be associated with those masterly efforts of 
 real wit and genuine eloquence, and the day may be far distant 
 when his equal shall again appear. 
 
 The deceased is entitled to the highest encomium that can be 
 given to a human being- -he was an honest man. In all his inter- 
 course with men, both in his professional and individual capacity, 
 there is and ever has been but one,and that is a universal, judgment 
 in favor of his integrity; and perhaps all that might be said of his 
 varied powers of intellect and the remarkable manifestations of his 
 natural eloquence is far outweighed by a just estimation of his real 
 character by the familiar though homely appellation on the tongues 
 and in the hearts of all that knew him, — ■' Honest Jim Kingsley." 
 
IIISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 267 
 
 Mr. Kingsley, after a long life of daily acts of kindness and friend- 
 ship to all within his reach, lavished with a too liberal hand for his 
 own aggrandizement, if that can be misspent which is expended for 
 humanity, has finally left the earth without an enemy, and we trust 
 in the life beyond the same faculties of mind and heart more fully 
 developed will meet with equal success and appreciation in heaven. 
 
 HON. SAMDEL W. DEXTEE. 
 
 Samuel W. Dexter was born in Boston in 1792, and was the 
 eldest son of the distinguished statesman and advocate Samuel 
 Dexter. After graduating at Harvard, he removed to Athens, on 
 the Hudson river. From there he came to Michigan in August, 
 1824. He located in the vicinity of the present village of Dexter the 
 same year; and in 1826 came with his family to reside in a house 
 which he built on the bank of the River Huron, very near the present 
 railroad depot in the village of Dexter. This house was used for 
 many years as a place of worship for as many as four or five denom- 
 inations, who there held at stated intervals regular service, and 
 it was also a home for the difiFerent preachers who came to conduct 
 the services. 
 
 Mr. Dexter established the first newspaper published in Wash- 
 tenaw county, in 1829, at Ann Arbor. It was called The 
 Emigrant. 
 
 In 1826 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Connty Court by 
 Hon. Lewis Cass. He held the first court for the county of Wash- 
 tenaw, at the house of Erastus Priest, in Ann Arbor, on the third 
 Monday of January, 1827. In the same year he was solicited to 
 become a Territorial delegate to Congress, but resigned all claims 
 in favor of his friend. Major John Biddle, of Detroit, who was a 
 brother of the famous Nicholas Biddle of United States Bank 
 renown. 
 
 In 1831 Mr. Dexter, Austin E. Wing and John R. Williams were 
 candidates for the ofiiee of delegate to Congress in the Territory of 
 Michigan. Mr. Wing was the Democratic candidate. Mr. Williams 
 was an independent candidate, and Judge Dexter was the candidate 
 of the Anti-Masons. The vote in Washtenaw county resulted as 
 follows: Mr. Dexter, 389; Mr. Wing, 227; Mr. Williams, 5; total 
 vote in the county 621. The whole Territory vote was as follows: 
 Wing, 3,188 ;^Dexter, 2,100; Williams, 1,100; total vote i,588. And 
 it may be well to state here that Mr. Dexter ran upon the Free- 
 Soil ticket for Congress about the time of the Kansas and Nebraska 
 excitement. David Stuart was the Democratic candidate, and 
 William A. Howard was the Whig candidate. 
 
 In 1826 Judge Dexter established a private postofiice in his own 
 house, and carried mail on horseback to and from Ann Arbor once 
 a week. 
 
 He located Saginaw City in the year 1825; and also Byron, 
 Shiawasse Co.; and in the same year he entered lands in the vicin- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ity of Tecumseh. He also made locations in other parts of the 
 State. 
 
 Judge Dexter was an Anti-Mason, and an avowed temperance, 
 as well as a thoroughgoing anti-slavery man. His positions on 
 public questions seemed to have been chosen with an utter disre- 
 gard to their popularity. The Anti-Masonic issue passed away, but 
 his efforts in the cause of temperance never ceased; they took the 
 form of promoting meetings, toward the expense of which he lib- 
 erally contributed, and of unremitting efforts to aid and assist the 
 families of drunkards, and restore their intemperate members to a 
 correct life. He had no desire for office, and whenever he consented 
 to lead a ticket, to be submitted to the suffrages of his fellow-citi- 
 zens, it was because he thought he might be instrumental in main- 
 taining a principle, rather than in reaching a place. When once 
 convinced that a cause was right, so great was his disregard of the 
 elements of opposition thereto, that he seemed almost incapable of 
 estimating them. He never consented to determine the moral ele- 
 ments of any question by the number of people who favored or 
 opposed it. And while it may be truly said that he was a poor 
 politician, his course presented one of those spectacles of almost 
 sublime attachment to what he thought to be sound principle, 
 whicli are not over abundant in popular governments, but without 
 which no reformations would ever begin. He knew little, and 
 cared less, about the ordinary methods, or indeed any method of 
 merely making money. His time was occupied with his books, and 
 private and public charities, and the society of his friends. He was 
 a fine scholar, because his studies did not terminate with the end of 
 his college course. His fortune enabled him to supply himself 
 with books at a time when tliey were beyond the reach of almost 
 every one around him. He was an incessant reader, a graceful, and 
 at times powerful, speaker, but the delight of his life was social 
 converse; endless talk upon any subject brought forward, it mat- 
 tered but little to him what. His reading and thought seemed to 
 have traversed all subjects; and those who were nearest to him 
 always thought his finest power was manifested in his most natural, 
 but really graphic and affluent, conversations. 
 
 One peculiar feature of Mr. Dexter's character was born with 
 him. He never invited familiarity, not because he was in feeling 
 above anybody; on the contrary all his feelings and opinions ran in 
 favor of the poor, oppressed and suffering. He was their constant 
 advocate; yet there was that in the nature and make-up of the man 
 that altogether without announcement or protest made any famil- 
 iarity impossible. 
 
 No motives of policy, or persuasions of society, or any earthly 
 consideration could bring him to compromise, either with individ- 
 uals or the public at large, what he deemed to be a moral issue. 
 This was the pole star of his life, by which all questions and 
 conduct were regulated. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 269 
 
 For the last twenty years of his life, finding that certain points 
 of the country round about were not supplied with regular means 
 of worship, he preached to the people in various school-houses. 
 
 Mr. Dexter died at the old hon^estead in Dexter, Mich., Feb. 6, 
 1863. 
 
 Hon. George Miles was bom in Amsterdam, Montgomery county, 
 N. Y., and was of old Puritan stock. He had to rely upon his own 
 resources in early life, which tended greatly to develop his powers. 
 He was admitted to the Bar in 1822 in his native State. In 1837 
 he removed to Ann Arbor, where he continued the general practice 
 of his profession until appointed to the Bench in 1846, where he 
 presided with great dignity. His reported opinions are noticeable 
 tor their ability, conciseness and close adherence to the points 
 involved, and compare favorably with the early New York Reports. 
 Judge Miles was possessed of an exalted character for integrity, 
 and he was respected and esteemed by all. He died in the prime 
 of life. 
 
 Hon. Wm. A. Fletcher was born in New Hampshire, his younger 
 days being spent in the mercantile business in his native State. 
 This was in 1813. About this time he removed to New York, 
 where he studied law, and was admitted to the Bar. In 1821 he 
 removed to Detroit, and in 1823 was appointed Chief Justice of the 
 County Court of Wayne county. On the 17th day of April, 1833, 
 the legislative council of the Territory established a Judicial Cir- 
 cuit, embracing all organized counties in the Territory, except 
 Wayne, and Mr. Fletcher was a]jpointed Judge of the Circuit. It 
 being necessary for the Judge to reside in his district, he removed 
 to Ann Arbor, where he continued to reside until his death. Upon 
 the organization of the State, Judge Fletcher was appointed Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court, which office he resigned in 1842. 
 Judge Fletcher was possessed of a clear, discriminating mind, and 
 was a very able lawyer. He died in August, 18.53. 
 
 MUNNIS KENNY. 
 
 A well-known and honored citizen of Washtenaw county was 
 Munnis Kenny, the fourth son of Deacon Moses and Abigail 
 Kenny, who was born in Newfane, Vt., Dec. 10, 1788. At the 
 age of 15 he was sent to the academy of Chesterfield, New Hamp- 
 shire, with the view of preparinii; him for college. At the opening 
 of the academy in liis native town, he returned home and finished 
 his course. He then entered Williams College, where he spent 
 three years; then entering the senior class at Middlebury College, 
 he graduated in 1809, at the age of 21. The same year he took the 
 degree of A. B. in Williams College. After his graduation, he 
 began the study of law with Judge White, of Townshead. While 
 here he married Martha, daughter of Dr. John Campbell. He then 
 located in Townshend, where he followed his profession for several 
 
270 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 years, being in the meantime honored with offices in the town, and 
 for three years sent to the Legislature. 
 
 From Townsliend Mr. Kenny went to Brighton, Mass., where 
 he remained for several years. In 1829 he removed to Webster, 
 Washtenaw county, Ltfich., and located 240 acres of land, which he 
 at once proceeded to cnltivate. Having spent all his life up to this 
 tim_e in intellectual pursuits, and in the society of the cultured and 
 refined, it is not to be wondered he found much in pioneer life not 
 congenial to his taste; but he did not hesitate in the work he set 
 out to do — the providing of a comfortable home for his family. 
 Hospitality was one of his ruling traits. The " latch string " at 
 his house •' was always out." The new-comer was always wel- 
 comed, and assisted in finding a home. 
 
 In politics Mr. Kenny was an anti-slavery man, and lived to 
 read the proclamation of Abraham Lincoln, remarking, as he did, 
 that lie was satisfied. 
 
 Lie was one of the founders of the Presbyterian Church, in 
 Webster, and gave much of his time and the best energies of his life 
 to the building up of the cause of Christ. 
 
 Mr. Kenny was the originator of the Washtenaw Mutual In- 
 surance Company, and was for many years its secretary. In the 
 office of the company hangs a fine portrait of him, as a remembrance 
 of the good work done in the formation of the company. 
 
 Mr. Kenny was the father of seven children: Keyes, who died 
 in early manhood; Eliza, wife of P. H Reeves, who died at the age 
 ot 22; Martha, wife of William Babcock, who died at the age 
 of 36; John, who lives on the homestead; Jane, wife of D. W. 
 Ta3'lor, of Jackson; Laura, wife of R. Qneal; and C. Llenry, who 
 lives in Montcalm county. Mr. Kenny died in April, 1862, at the 
 age of 74. The funeral services were held in the open air, the num- 
 ber in attendance being so great the church could not accommodate 
 them. Mrs. Kenny is yet alive, and has for 15 years found a home 
 with her son-in-law, P. Queal. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM S. MATNARD. 
 
 William S. Maynard was born in Berkshire county, Mass., April 
 2.5, 1802, and at the time of his death,which occurred at nine o'clock 
 p. M., Juno 18, 1866, was 64 years old. He came to Ann Arbor 
 when but a very small village, in 1830, arriving about Sept. 1, 
 of that year. Since that time up to within a few months of his 
 death, he was actively engaged in business enterprises of various 
 kinds, private and public. He was elected Mayor in 1856, '57 and 
 '65, and in the meantime served one term as Alderman. As an 
 officer he was energetic in the discharge of his duties, but failed to 
 make himself as popular as he justly deserved, from the fact that he 
 had no " policy element" in his nature, and had not learned that 
 smooth words were, many times, better than hard ones. It was Mr. 
 Maynard's energy, perseverance and determination that helped in a 
 
HISTOBY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 271 
 
 great way to bring the Washtenaw Agricultural Society up to its 
 present high standard, and for the unselfish devotion he displayed 
 in assisting in the permanent location, purchase and ownership 
 of the valuable grounds in Ann Arbor. Mr. Maynard had also 
 been connected with the School Board and with the Cemetery 
 Board from tiie organization of the company ; and at various 
 times had been identified with almost every public enterjjrise 
 that could be named. It is safe to say that he has done as much 
 as any other man, perhaps more, to promote the growth of the 
 beautiful city in which he resided. Mr. Maynard had attended 
 worship at the Congregational Ciiurch, of which he was a mem- 
 ber, on the Sunday preceding his death, and in the evening 
 appeared more cheerful than usual. He went to bed at the 
 usual liour, appearing a little more restless than usual, and in the 
 morning his wife found him sleeping quietly, and did not go near 
 him again till about eight o'clock, when she noticed he did not 
 breathe easily, and attempting to rouse him failed. Medical aid 
 was immediately summoned, and every exertion used to resuscitate 
 him, but he lingered, unconscious all the wliile, till nine o'clock 
 p. M., when his spirit left this earthly home and winged its flight to 
 that "far beyond." Mr. Maynard left a widow, seven daughters, 
 a step-son, a brother, and a large circle of relations to mourn in 
 common the loss of husband, father, brother and friend. 
 
 .JOSHUA G. LELAND. 
 
 Hon. Joshua G. Leland was born in Madison county, N. Y., July 
 19, 1805, and died April 27, 1876, thus making his age nearly 71 
 years. He spent the earlier years of his life at his native place, 
 and was married in 1827. In 1831 he removed to Michigan and 
 settled in the town of Ann Arbor; and one year later removed to 
 the township of Northfield, where he continued to reside up to 
 within a few years of his death, when he removed to the city of 
 Ann Arbor. His energy and force of character were very marked, 
 and he was always busy, even to the last days of his life. Other 
 men retired from business when the infirmity of old age overtook 
 them, but Mr. Leland kept right on. He was noted for his perse- 
 verance. Whatever he undertook he pushed forward, and when 
 he believed he was right, and had arrived at his conclusions, he 
 maintained his position. He was an outspoken, fearless man, and 
 what he said to one he would say to another. His plainness of 
 speech often brought him into opposition with others, but it is 
 doubtful if he had an enemy in the county. He was a successful 
 business man and farmer, and had accumulated a goodly amount of 
 this world's goods. In the course of his life he held various 
 responsible and honorable offices, conferred upon him by the people. 
 He was Justice of the Peace in Northfield for many years, and was 
 twice elected to the State Legislature, in 1840 and '44. He was 
 once president of the Washtenaw County Agricultural Society, 
 
272 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 President of the Farmers' Insurance Company, and of the Pioneer 
 Society. He has been closely identified with many public interests 
 in tlie county, and perhaps no man was more missed than he. Mr. 
 Leland was a religious man, having been converted at his home in 
 Northfield in 1834. Soon afterward he joined the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, of which he remained a faithtnl member up to his 
 death, and held positions of trust in the Church. The cause of his 
 death was of an odd nature. He was in his barn about 10 days 
 before his death, and seeing a rat, attempted to kill it with the 
 sharp prongs of a pitch-fork he held in his iiand, but missed his 
 aim, and the rat ran up the handle of the fork and bit him on the 
 hand. His arm and hand swelled rapidly and he had to take his 
 bed, from which lie never rose again. Washtenaw county mourns 
 another old pioneer who has passed to the land of rest prepared 
 for him. 
 
 REV. CHARLES O. CLAEK. 
 
 Mr. Clark was born in tlie town of Preston, Conn., April 8, 1796. 
 At the age of 25 he was hopefully converted and immediately com- 
 menced studying for the ministry. He received his college educa- 
 tion at Amherst College, Mass., where he graduated in 1827, and 
 immediately entered the Anbura Theological Seminary and com- 
 pleted his education in 1829. He was ordained in the summer of 
 1829 by the Oneida Presbytery. Although he was offered several 
 desirable positions in the State of New York, he preferred a new 
 field of labor and came to the new Territory of Michigan, arriving 
 in Detroit on Saturday, Sept. 29, 1829, and preached his first sermon 
 in the State at that place on the day following. From Detroit he 
 immediately went to Monroe, where he preaclied a few weeks and 
 then came to Ann Arbor. After supplying the pulpit of the Pres- 
 byterian Church for a few weeks, in the absence of their pastor, he 
 located in the town of Webster, where a Church was formed soon 
 after. He labored at Webster during his entire active ministry 
 with tlie exception of three or four years. 
 
 Although located at Webster, his labors extended to all the adja- 
 cent towns, and many of the churches in this vicinity were organized 
 by him. When he arrived in the Territory, there were but four 
 Presbyterian and Congregational ministers within its bounds, and 
 he was fully identified with the pioneer work in this vicinity. On 
 account of failing health he was obliged to resign his charge about 
 13 years since, and for the last 11 years he resided in this city. 
 
 Mr. Clark was a man of strong and earnest feelings, quiet and 
 unobtrusive in his manner, and universally esteemed and loved by 
 those who knew him best. He died in Ann Arbor, Oct. 2, 1871. 
 
 REV. I. M. WEED. 
 BT ME8. MAEK N0EEI8. 
 
 Ira Mason Weed was born in Hinesburgh, Vermont, Jan. 14, 1804. 
 He was the ninth of a family of 11 children. He prepared for col- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 273 
 
 lege with his brother-in-law, Rev. Mr. Johnson, of Hopkinton, N. 
 Y., and entered the University of Vermont, at Burlington, in the 
 sophomore year, graduating in 1835 ; after which he entered the 
 law office of Judge Fine, in Ogdensburgh, 1^. Y., where he re- 
 mained a year. It was during this period that his attention was 
 particularly called to religious subjects, and his conversion took 
 place. Immediately his thoughts were turned toward the ministry, 
 his law studies were abandoned, and he soon after entered Andover 
 Theological Seminary, going through the whole course of three 
 years. In the spring of 1829 he was licensed by the association at 
 Andover, to preach the gospel. From a private journal, kept dur- 
 ing his residence at Andover, I have been permitted to make a few 
 extracts. In this journal he seems much exercised in regard to a 
 right choice in his field of labor. In all these deliberations his 
 mind turned constantly to the "West. The destitution of gospel 
 privileges in the vast region beyond the Alleghanies deeply af- 
 fected his ardent mind. I quote from the journal mentioned: "June 
 29, 1828, Sabbath, p. m. — I have to-day listened to two sermons 
 by the Rev. Dr. Peters, of the American Home Mission Board." 
 Tlie sermon of the afternoon seems to have made a deep impression. 
 "^Text, Oct. 9: 'Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?' In the dis- 
 course the destitution of our own land was brought to view, and 
 the students urged to make the text their daily prayer. I have felt 
 for some time that it would be a privilege to labor for Christ some- 
 where in this great field. I feel it not only a privilege, but I 
 liave a desire to go if it be the Lord's will. I hope I have a heart 
 to mourn over the great destitution in our country, and to pray, 
 Lord, raise up and send more laborers into the fields already white 
 for harvest. Lord, what wilt thou have vie to do in regard to this 
 subject? This I would make my sincere prayer." Similar reflec- 
 tions and earnest thoughts on this subject are scattered all through 
 the pages of this journal; and not only this, but the subject of 
 foreign missions lay near his heart, and commended itself to liis 
 best efforts. Yet, from so frequent allusions to the missionary de- 
 partment of the West, no doubt can remain of the settled purposes 
 of his soul. June 20, 1829, he again writes: " * * * I long to be on 
 the ground. Whenever I think of the millions there, growing up 
 without any religious restraint, my soul is pained. May the Lord 
 give me strength and grace for this holy work, and send me in the 
 way in which lean do the most good." Again, June 27, same 
 year, he writes: " And now, having given mj'self up to the work of 
 a missionary, it is my sincere desire and prayer that I may have 
 the spirit of a true misssionary — tlie spirit of Christ. I 
 do not expect a life of ease. I know that I must have trials 
 and hardships. Oh for grace to endure these hardships as a 
 good soldier." Writing again, Sept. 23, 1829, on the eve of his 
 ordination, he says: "The long anticipated day is come, and is 
 past. * * * I feel now as though I were about to step forth in the 
 world. The resoonsibility of a minister of reconciliation now rests 
 
274 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW OOUNTr. 
 
 upon me, and oh, who can bear up under its weight! To-morrow I 
 expect to be ordained as a missionary to (he West. OK for the 
 spirit of him who was ordained a missionary to this guilty 
 world! 'My grace is sufficient for thee.' This promise will I cleave 
 to: ' Lo, I am with you alway.' The fulfillment of this will I 
 ever plead." During the winter ot 1829-'30, he preached in vari- 
 ous localities in jS^ew England, in one of which he was urgently 
 solicited to remain as their pastor; but he could not be diverted 
 from the path already indicated, viz., to go West. 
 
 In Maj', 1830, lie was married to Miss Caroline T^. Button, ot 
 Hillsborough, ISTew Hampshire, and came immediately to Ypsi- 
 lanti, arriving early in June. At that time the few members of 
 the Presbyterian and Congregational Churches (13 in number), who 
 had entered into covenant in the previous autumn, were living 
 widely apart in the settlements surrounding the nevs' village — two, 
 four, and six miles, sometimes more. They had to walk, or, at best, 
 take the most primitive modes of conveyance, to get to the village. 
 I cannot now recall one family living in town who were fully in 
 sympathy with the Presbyterian Church. The number of profess- 
 ing Christians of any denomination was small indeed. The young 
 minister and his wife found here a mixed population. Many good 
 people; some bad. Society was then in a transition state, like 
 many new country towns. Whisky drinking and profanity were 
 looked upon as venial sins, and the Sabbath was thought to be 
 " more honored in the breach than in the observance " by too many. 
 Having been expected for several weeks, he received a welcome 
 from those who waited for his coming. One of his first public acts, 
 where he mingled with the whole people, was to take part in the 
 patriotic celebration of Independence Day, — July 4, 1830, — mak- 
 ing a prayer. The oration was given by the late Elias M. Skinner. 
 After the address, dinner was served in the grove on the ground 
 now owned and occupied by the family of Chauncey Joslin. He 
 entered at once upon his chosen work of preaching, both by precept 
 and example, and in an eminent degree illustrated in his daily life 
 the truths he constantly sought to inculcate. 
 
 In no department of his labor was his influence more powerfully 
 exerted than over the minds of the children gathered into the Sun- 
 day-school, of which he was for many years a faithful superintend- 
 ent. Many of the Sunday-school children of that day are now 
 among our best Christian people. Many others have gone to other 
 States, where their good influences are still at work. One of these 
 children is now a missionary in Northern India, sent from the 
 church so long blessed with the labors of this pioneer minister. 
 Nothing more plainly illustrates tlie fact that our influence cannot 
 die. May this dear sister be enabled to keep that wave ot influ- 
 ence, received from her pastor and teacher, rolling, going forward, 
 until the end! There were some persons then resident here who 
 felt the influence of this new minister, and rebelled against it. They 
 aroused no little opposition, not wishing the light of the gospel let 
 
l-(^rjt(Ay L/ (U^^T,^, 
 
 ^^4 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 277 
 
 in on their practices. This, however, did not alarm the calm and 
 fearless minister. He sometimes preached when stones were thrown 
 in at the windows of the old " Red School-house " — the place where 
 the people then assembled. Often, when riding in the darkness to 
 meet an evening appointment in the outl.ying neighborhood, he has 
 been threatened with rough treatment by the way; but nothing 
 moved him from the purpose he had in view. In common with 
 many others at that period, himself and family suffered much from 
 the fevers and diseases incident to the opening of this new country; 
 so it was in the midst of much hardship and many privations that 
 he toiled on, laying broad and deep the foundations of that Church 
 whose welfare always remained so near his heart. Sharing with 
 his people all the self-denials of the situation, he often combined the 
 duties of the pastor with those of the sexton; and the writer has 
 known, on a Saturday night, of his taking wood from his not 
 largely furnished pile, for warming the meeting-house next day. 
 Pie sometimes made the fires and saw that the place was comfort- 
 able. It must be remembered that in tliose days evening service 
 commenced at " early candle-lighting." No bell called the wor- 
 shipers together, but with one accord in one place they gathered 
 together in their own school-house. No one could say with truth 
 the preacher was not in earnest; his singleness of heart and earnest 
 manner could but impress the most careless listener. 
 
 Personal ambition had no place in his purposes or plans of life. 
 And while forgetful of self, seeking for his people the best gifts, he 
 was at the same time securing not only the respect and esteem of 
 his own people, but of the community outside of Church relations. 
 Said a business man, " If Mr. Weed's capabilities and judgment 
 had been applied to getting a living, he might have been a rich 
 man." We all know what a home missionary's salary was in those 
 days. With the aid of the Home Missionary Society, the scattered 
 congregation succeeded in raising four hundred dollars. With this, 
 economy might keep the wolf from the door, but how many luxu- 
 ries would it procure? Times are changed for the better now, and 
 better salaries are provided. Ministers, we believe, do not feel 
 obliged to receive the bag of potatoes, or the ten pounds of pork, 
 " on subscription ;" but in most towns the people are able to let the 
 minister and his wife select for themselves. In all hardships he 
 complained not, but cheerfully went forward, neglecting no known 
 duty, in advancing the religious interests of the people. His labors 
 in the surrounding countrj' deserve grateful mention, as we to-day 
 are reaping the benefits of this faithful work. Morning and after- 
 noon sermons, Sunday-school in the intermission, and generally a 
 prayer-meeting at 5 o'clock, it was the Sabbath work of summer; 
 while the evenings of a large portion of the year were devoted to 
 preaching in Deacon Bacon's neighborhood, or Deacon Carpenter's 
 locality, or Deacon Hatfield's place, at Stony Creek, or again out 
 east on the plains; whenever one, though he never came to the 
 house of worship, would open his house for religious meetings, 
 17 
 
278 HISTOKY OF WASHIKKAW COUNTY. 
 
 there he was sure to be. Said a minister who had traveled exten- 
 sively amon^ tlie Chnrclies: " There is no Church of our denomina- 
 tion in the State which is so strong in membership from the 
 country as Ypsilanti. It is probably owing to the labors of your 
 first minister, who made it his business to go out and gather them 
 in." 
 
 In October, 1834, Mr. Weed was installed permanent pastor. All, 
 I believe, then hoped this relation to the Church would be sustained 
 through life. Previous to this time the congregation had engaged 
 in erecting a new house of worship. In this work tJie perseverance 
 and good judgment of the pastor was seen by his entering into the 
 spirit of the enterprise, and assisting in plans for raising means to 
 help forward their labor. It must be remembered that money 
 and means were not as plenty in 1834-'5 as now; few were 
 rich, and most, business men were engaged in speculations of various 
 kinds, requiring all the means at their command. 
 
 Accidentally I lately found among my husband's papers a bun- 
 dle of records, receipts, notes and accounts, with any amount of 
 " subscription papers " for various objects, — all relating to this time, 
 and many of these memoranda are in Mr. Weed's handwriting, 
 going to show how earnest he was in helping to encourage the peo- 
 ple to build. In the winter of 1836 a very precious revival took place. 
 The old Red school-house became a very Bethel indeed. Fifty 
 members were added to the Church, and all hearts were quickened 
 in love for their pastor and for each other. They had now— pas- 
 tor and people — occupied the school-house as a place of worship for 
 over six years; many precious seasons had been passed there, and 
 it was with mingled feelings, near the end of 1836, they prepared 
 to bid the place farewell. In November the new church was finally 
 completed, and dedicated to the service of that Almighty Father 
 who had led them hitherto. 
 
 I have spoken of the small salaries home missionaries received in 
 those early times. 1 hope no one of the present day will misunder- 
 stand me. The necessity was imperative, owing to the sparse 
 Sopulation, and the uncultivated state of the country. The Home 
 lissionary Society was created to meet the necessity of the new 
 district. No debt was ever more cheerfully cancelled, and with 
 manifold interest, too, than has long since been done by the Church 
 and society. I have sufficient data to record the fact that the pas- 
 tor's salary was gradually increased as the circumstances of the 
 congregation improved. I find in the bundle of old records referred 
 to, "several subscription papers " " for the support of the Gospel," 
 in which Mr. Weed's name is mentioned. July 8, 1844, at a meet- 
 ing held in the church, it was " voted to pay Eev. I. M. Weed $600 
 for the ensuing year." July, 1845, at a similar meeting, " voted 
 that $600 be raised to pay the pastor — to be paid in quarterly pay- 
 ments." By this it appears that $600 a year was the maximum of 
 compensation received during his ministry with the Ypsilanti 
 Church, over a period of more than 17 years" Families of growing 
 
HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 279 
 
 children could hardly be supported at present for this sum. Times 
 have indeed changed; we must always hope for the better. Early 
 in the autumn of 1845, while suffering, himself and family, from 
 continued illness, Mr. Weed asked leave of absence for a year, to 
 visit again the New England hills, hoping to return with re&tored 
 health. A meeting was called, leave was granted, and resolutions 
 passed expressing conlidence and fidelity to the pastor, and a warmly 
 expressed wish for his speedy return. A restful visit with their kin- 
 dred in the Eastern States, some travel, and a quiet sojourn d urines 
 the winter in Pittsford, Vermont, served to restore him to com- 
 parative health. The Church at Pittsford were without a resident 
 minister, and Mr. Weed was strongly urged to remain and fill the 
 position. But, attached to Michigan, and drawn back to his own 
 people, he prepared to return. 
 
 It was, I believe, early in the spring of 1846, he was surprised 
 by receiving a letter from a small minority of the Church members, 
 stating their belief that the interests of the Church and society 
 required that the relation then existing between himself and them 
 should be dissolved; that it was their opinion the only way for the 
 question to be disposed of, so as not to hazard a division of the 
 Church, was for him to signify to the society his determination not 
 to return! At the same time they assured their pastor that if, con- 
 trary to their feelings, he should still determine to return, they 
 would offer no open opposition. IS^o one who knows how well Mr. 
 Weed was posted on Church order and propriety of proceeding regu- 
 larly, would believe that, however his feelings might be hurt, they 
 were all suppressed; and he did return, but with kindly heart towara 
 all. I need not say that the large majority of the society were 
 filled with grief on being made aware of this movement. 
 
 Eelative to the spirit of the pastor, I will quote a few sentences 
 from a letter dated New York, July 4, 1846, written to my hus- 
 band. 'After speaking of the right each person had of express- 
 ing opinion, he said: " I hope my people will cherish no unkindly 
 feeling toward those who do not desire my return. That they felt 
 kindly toward me I have no doubt. I trust they still feel so. 
 Whether they do or not, they have a right to their opinion, and a 
 right to express it, in a kind manner. This I have no doubt they 
 intend to do. * * * On my return I hope to show I cherish 
 no hardness toward any, and that my kind feelings are not inter- 
 rupted. I do hope the Church may continue to prosper. If in the 
 providence of God I should feel I ought to leave, I hope none will 
 leave the Church on this account." I pass over this period with 
 little comment. That many hearts were riven, cannot be denied. 
 A small number had arisen " who knew not Joseph;" he was not 
 their "first love." They had brought earlier preferences; assuming 
 the old proverb to be true, that " change of pasture makes fat 
 calves," wished merely for a change. Those most interested in 
 wishing a change have now passed from earth — gone where mis- 
 takes are rectified, hidden providences made plain. We will hope 
 
280 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 however any may have differed in regard to the events of this 
 time, they may have had grace given meet for repentance for all 
 errors in life. Mr. Weed returned near the close of July. 
 
 I pass over the meetings held. At first the large majority in the 
 Church and society thought he would remain. But the not "open" 
 opposition did not subside, until finally, in the summer of 1847, 
 he himself joined those wishing him to leave, in asking the Presby- 
 tery to dissolve the relation. This was accomplished with great 
 effort, and by the barest majority. A short time thereafter, in 
 October, 1847, Mr. Weed removed with his family to Chicago, 
 Illinois. On the Sabbath previous to leaving he preached his fare- 
 well sermon, from the text: "Wherefore, I take you to record this 
 day, that I am pure from the blood of all men; for I have not 
 shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God." Who that 
 listened to the tender, loving words of that sermon, can forget 
 while life lasts? 
 
 Of the leave-taking, and the breaking up of long-existing ties, I 
 forbear to speak. As soon as the family were settled comfortably 
 in Chicago, Mr. Weed entered on an agency for the American 
 Board of Foreign Missions, becoming District Secretary for the 
 Northwest. This field included Northern Illinois, Iowa, Wiscon- 
 sin and Minnesota, as far as their population extended. In 1847-'8 
 there was hardly a railroad out of Chicago. Here was pioneer life 
 to encounter again! long, lonely drives over "slews" and deep 
 prairie mud, to reach a shelter at night with the new settlers. The 
 Churches were most of them feeble, but he laid strong foundations 
 in benevolent work. There is abundant evidence of his excellent 
 influences upon the Churches he visited during these eight or ten 
 years, while in the service of the American Board. 
 
 But the work was too laborious for one who, like him, suffered 
 both with the bilious diseases of the country, and also with local 
 lameness. It will be remembered by those who knew Mr. Weed 
 that he used a cane, and was frequently very lame. In childhood 
 he suffered from a fever, which on his recovery left a deposit in his 
 leg near the ankle. This resulted in what is called in common par- 
 lance, "fever sore." It could sometimes be healed for a time, then, 
 becoming inflamed, it would " break out" again with renewed vio- 
 lence. From this cause alone Mr. Weed was a frequent sufferer, 
 and the work in which he was now engaged, though all-absorbing, 
 was too hard for his physical well-being. All his life this was his 
 " thorn in the flesh." He had another trial. No man was happier 
 in his home; in the domestic circle his joys seemed to center. In 
 regard to the agency he would say: " I 'shall never love to be away 
 from home ; I have lived at home too long for that." Another 
 trial was to be divorced from his study, and to be, as he often 
 termed it, a wanderer on the earth. In a brief note, dated Jan. 1, 
 1848, alluding to what Mrs. Weed had written relative to the family 
 having severed their relations with the church at Ypsilanti and 
 becoming members of the Second Church of Chicago, he says: 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 281 
 
 "My truant thoughts, like wife's, have been straying to-day; and with hers have 
 gone back to Ypsilanti. To control my emotions, I have found it necessary to 
 command them back. Still the place and the friends there I can never forget, nor 
 can I forget the Church ; and why should I ? However much I may have come 
 short, or failed in my duty to it, I think I can truly say that I have desired its 
 prosperity, and hope I have a heart to be glad if I should be permitted to hear of 
 its advancement through the instrumentality of others. There is no place other 
 than Ypsilanti that seems like home. Very likely I have become inordinately 
 attached to the place and the people, and perhaps it was for this that my peaceful 
 and happy connection with them should be interrupted and broken up. Sure I am 
 that since this has been done 1 have felt more like a stranger and pilgrim. The 
 wandering life of an agent is a great trial to me, and very probably is the one trial 
 that I needed. May it be sanctified to my good, and to the Churches which I visit. 
 
 " Yours truly, I. M. Weed." 
 
 Several years after, Mr. AVeed assumed the agency of an educa- 
 tional enterprise located at Lake Forest. One of his daugiiters 
 said to me: " While engaged at Lake Forest, and we living at 
 Waukegan, to human view he seemed to keep the Churcli togetiier. 
 Coming from Chicago at night very weary, to take charge of the 
 prayer-meeting, and notwithstanding liis exhausting labors through 
 the week — preaching on the Sabbath for a long time, and freely 
 offering so much of strength as he had to give to these labors, with- 
 out compensation, this while they were without a pastor." In 
 G-randville, Illinois, he was a faithful preacher and pastor for four 
 years, gaining the love of all. He has now made his home in Illi- 
 nois for 20 years; still his affection for liis early home and peo- 
 ple in Ypsilanti was not diminished. His love for them was fully 
 returned, and often had he been solicited to give himself a partial 
 rest from exhausting labor, return with his family, and here end 
 his days in the midst of those whose attachment to their earliest 
 pastor had never faltered. He complied with, the request, and six 
 or seven years ago made his home again in the midst of early 
 friends. Before his family had hardly got settled in their new 
 house, the old pioneers hastened to give them what in these days is 
 called a " surprise party," but in pioneer days was simply a " dona- 
 tion visit." They left substantial tokens of their continued regard, 
 and after partaking of elegant refreshments, each returned with 
 enlarged feelings of regard for their old friend's return. 
 
 I pass over a few more years, during which, with somewhat 
 renovated health, the early minister found work to do for the Mas- 
 ter, still ever ready " to bless, to comfort and command," in all 
 departments of Christian work. I come now to the close of this 
 good man's life, a life of " faith and works." 
 
 I have already made this sketch longer than I intended. Mr. 
 Weed was unexpectedly taken ill on returning from church Sabbath 
 afternoon, and, after a severe illness of 10 or 11 days, died, 
 calm and peaceful, taking leave of all his family, and with a clear, 
 distinct voice, saying, " Though I walk through the valley of the 
 shadow of death, I fear no evil ; for thou art with me, thy 
 rod and th}' staff they comfort me." His last words were, " Come, 
 Lord Jesus, come quickly." He went to his heavenly rest 
 
282 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 on the night before Thanksgiving, 18V1. On the following Monday 
 his remains were laid in Highland Cemetery, beside three infant 
 children already gathered into the folds of the Good Shepherd. A 
 substantial monument with fitting devices — an open Bible restiilg 
 on a desk — adorns his grave. Mr. "Weed left a wife and four chil- 
 dren. Two daughters remain with their mother at their pleasant 
 home; a son, Ira M. "Weed, and daughter (Mrs. Rowley), both hav- 
 ing families of their own, reside at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Of Mrs. 
 "Weed it is sufficient to say she was worthy to be the wife of such a 
 man. 
 
 PKOF. JAMES C. WATSON. 
 
 James Craig "Watson was born in Middlesex, now Elgin, county, 
 Canada "West, June 28, 1838. His parents removed from JSTorthum- 
 berland county, Pennsylvania, to Ihis place, some time previous to 
 his birth. From here his father removed with his family to Mich- 
 igan and located in Ann Arbor. Professor "Watson was essentially 
 a self-made man. By industry and self-denial he secured the 
 means which permitted him to obtain a college education. All 
 that he has become, all the reputation that he has attained, is due 
 to his indomitable perseverance, and to the determination with 
 which he set himself to surmount the obstacles which stood in his 
 path. Professor "Watson graduated at Michigan University with 
 high honors in 1857, and was the first pupil of the famous astron- 
 omer. Dr. Brunnow, who was then Director of the Observatory and 
 Professor of Astronomy in the University of Michigan. Soon 
 after his graduation, in the year 1858, he was appointed Instructor 
 in Mathematics, in the University, and iissistant Observer. In 
 1859, upon the retirement of Professor Brunnow, Mr. "Watson was 
 appointed Professor of Astronom}', which position he held during 
 the college year 1869- '60. In the latter year he accepted the chair 
 of physics in the University', which he held for three years. He 
 was then appointed Professor of Astronomy and Director of the 
 Observatory, upon the recommendation of many of the leading 
 astronomers of the country. Although only 25 years of age his 
 abilities and pre-eminent qualification for this responsible position 
 had alread}' won recognition, and even thus early had he given 
 evidence of the future eminence to which he was to attain. 
 These positions he held until 1879, when he resigned them to 
 accept a similar place in Madison University, "Wisconsin, where 
 very great inducements and superior facilities were offered him. 
 During his long directorship of the observatory here, although 
 only 25 years of age at the time of his appointment, the list of 
 discoveries and contributions made by him form a record of which 
 any university might be proud. 
 
 Professor "Watson was elected a member of the ISTational 
 Academy of Sciences in 1867; of the American Philosophical 
 Society in 1877; of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Catania, Italy, 
 
BISTORT OF WASHTENAW COUNXr. 283 
 
 in 1870. He was the discoverer of 23 asteroids, for which he 
 received in 1870 the gold medal of the French Academy of Sciences. 
 In 1876 he received from the Khedive of Egypt the decoration of 
 Knight Commander of the Imperial Order of the Medjidich of 
 Turkey and Egypt. He was appointed Judge of Awards in the 
 Centennial Exposition. He received the degree of Ph. D. from the 
 University of Leipsic in 1870, and from "Yale College in 1871. In 
 1877, Columbia College conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. 
 
 Professor Watson was the discoverer of 23 asteroids and two 
 comets,— April 29, 1856, and Jan. 9, 1864. On Oct. 20, 1857, he 
 also discovered, independently, the planet afterward named Aglaia, 
 and on Jan. 9, 1864, one afterward called lo; but it subsequently 
 proved that these discoveries had been anticipated by a few days in 
 Europe. He was placed by the Government of the United States, 
 in charge of the expedition to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, to observe the 
 total eclipse of the sun in 1869; was sent to Carlentina, Sicily, for 
 a similar purpose in 1870, and to Peking in China, in charge of 
 the expedition of 1874, to observe the transit of Venus. The notes 
 of his observations on the latter expedition are very voluminous 
 and valuable. They have not yet been published- The last and 
 most noted of Professor Watson's discoveries, was that made in 
 July, 1878, in Wyoming, of the existence of one and probably two 
 intra- Mercurial planets. Always a firm believer in Leverrier's 
 theory of the existence of Vulcan, he had the satisfaction on this 
 expedition of proving its positive existence, and of obtaining con- 
 vincing proof to himself at least of the existence of still another 
 intra-Mercurial planet of lesser magnitude. 
 
 Prof. Watson' died at Madison, Wis., Tuesday, Nov. 23, 1880, 
 while in the prime of life, when a future of great usefulness seemed 
 open before him. Prof. C. K. Adams says of him : "In the death 
 of Prof Watson science has lost one of its greatest lights and the 
 University of Michigan the most illustrious of its alumni. Wher- 
 ever astronomy is a science the name of Watson has become famil- 
 iar to every scholar. His fame has spread not only over America 
 and Europe, but his services have been sought and his labors 
 rewarded by nations on the opposite side of the globe, where science 
 is but little known. It is no disparagement either to the living or 
 the dead to say that in the peculiar sphere of his intellectual activ- 
 ity he has probably had no superior in the history of this country. 
 With all Professor Watson's genius he united the modesty of the 
 most genuine scholarship. His name was much more frequently 
 spoken in scientific circles than in popular society. During the 
 last years of his life he even left the announcement of his discover- 
 ies to the scientific journals and societies to which alone he contrib- 
 uted. Eor many years he was a regular contributor of the most 
 prominent scientific journals of Europe and America, and by these 
 journals many of his discoveries were first announced." 
 
284 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COtTNTT. 
 
 VOLNET OHAPIN. 
 
 The name of Chapin can be found in the early history of Massa- 
 chusetts. Deacon Samuel Chapin, the progenitor of all who bear 
 the name in this country, removed with his family from Boston to 
 Springfield in 1642. Oct. 10, 1652, he was appointed one of the 
 magistrates of Springfield. 
 
 Gad Chapin, the grandfather of Y. Chapin, served in the Colonial 
 war against the French and" Indians, and held a commission as 
 Captain from King George III. He settled in Bennington, Vt., 
 and in the Revolution served with the Vermont troops. In 1789, 
 with his family, he emigrated to Otsego county, IST. Y., and set- 
 tled in the town of Burlington, aboiit 12 miles from Cooperstown. 
 Dan Chapin, the father of V. Chapin, was born in Bennington, Yt., 
 June 16, 1T68. 
 
 Yolney Chapin (the subject of this sketch), son of Gad and Deb- 
 orah (Wright) Chapin, was born in Burlington April 21, 1803. 
 His early years were spent upon a farm, working in summer and 
 going to school when he could; his opportunities for an education 
 were very limited. When IT years old he was apprenticed to the 
 blacksmith's trade, but not liking his master he ran away and went 
 to Moravia, N. Y., where he became an apprentice in the furnace 
 of JethroWood, the reputed inventor of the cast-iron plow. After 
 learning the trade and working a few years as journeyman, his first 
 business venture was at Ogdensbnrg, N. Y., where he carried on a 
 furnace in partnership witli George Ward, of Moravia. He contin- 
 ued in business until tlie summer of 1831, when, with his wife and 
 son (Ciiarles A.), he removed to Rochester, N. Y., and established a 
 furnace which he carried on until the spring of 1833. In June of 
 that year, with his family, he emigrated to Michigan, and settled 
 in Ann Arbor. Here he bought the furnace of Samuel A. Sperry, 
 which had just gone into operation. He formed a co-partnership 
 with Jonathan Hussey, Esq., oi' Moravia, N. Y., which continued 
 about ten years, the firm being Y. Chapin & Co. 
 
 All the coal and iron used up to 1839 was brought from Detroit 
 by wagons, and such was the condition of the roads that it took 
 from four to six days to make the round trip. The price of anthra- 
 cite or hard coal at Detroit in those days was $24.00 per ton. From 
 a small beginning the business grew to be large and successful. 
 Their plows and mill machinery were sent into the adjoining States 
 and they made the gearing and machinery for most of the mills in 
 this State. From 1843 to 1846 Mr. Chapin was sole owner, em- 
 ploying sixty men in the manufacture of plows, mill machinery, 
 saw-mill engines and boilers, threshing-machines and separators, 
 stoves, etc. In the' summer of 1846 he sold one-half of his busi- 
 ness to a man named Loomis. The firm name was Cliapin & Loomis. 
 A few years later Chas. Tripp was admitted and the firm was 
 then known as Cliapin, Tripp & Loomis. In 1859 he sold his share 
 
HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTi:. 285 
 
 in the concern to Mr. Tripp. The property now belongs to Ailes 
 &JGretteu. 
 
 In 1844, in connection with George Ward (his old partner at 
 Ogdensburg), he built the " Spring Mills" now owned by Swathe), 
 Kyer& Co. In 1846, with his brother-in-law. Col. Dan'l D. Sloan, 
 he bought the water-power of Judge S. W. Dexter known as the 
 " Yellow Mills," on which he built the " Dover Mills," now owned 
 by Thos. Birket. In 1851 he bought one- half of the paper mill in 
 the lower town of J. H. Lund; this interest he sold next year to 
 his son Chas. A. In 1854 he came into the firm and helped build 
 the Geddes paper mill. The firm then was Lund, Chapin & Co. 
 The firm name was changed several times up to 1865, when it was 
 known as Chapin & Co. The mill in the lower town was burned, 
 that at Geddes sold and the business was discontinned. 
 
 Mr. Chapin was also largely interested with his son Volney and 
 F. E. Jones. The firm was known as Jones, Chapin & Co. They 
 carried on the stave and coopering business at Niles and Decatur, 
 Mich., Michigan City, Ind., Chicago, Ilh, and Davenport, Iowa. 
 He retired from the firm a few years before he died. On the death 
 of Volney, Jr., in 1872, the business was discontinued. 
 
 His business in salt and lumbering in the Saginaw Valley was 
 very extensive. He dealt largely in pine lands, and at one time 
 owned six thousand acres. Chapin township, in Saginaw county, 
 is named after him. He built several saw and shingle-mills on his 
 property. He was also connected with other manufacturing en- 
 terprises. 
 
 To Mr. Chapin the present wealth and development of Washte- 
 naw county is largely due. The pioneer farmers acknowledge their 
 indebtedness to him for his generosity and assistance in the days 
 of privations and hardships of pioneer life. Of kindly impulse, 
 the comfort of others was second only to his efforts for their busi- 
 ness advancement; his influence is yet manifest upon men now 
 prosperous, who attribute their success to his timely advice and as- 
 sistance. During his business career he was highly esteemed by all 
 who knew him, and especially by his employes and those who had 
 dealings with him. Advantage was never taken of necessity, and 
 he was lenient in the extreme to his debtors, often to his own in- 
 jury. 
 
 In October, 1829, Mr. Chapin was united in marriage at Roches- 
 ter, N. Y., with Miss Chloe Sloan, daughter of James and Phoebe 
 (Stratton) Sloan. She was born May 1, 1802, at Newport, Herki- 
 mer Co., JST. if., and removed with her parents to Jefferson county, 
 and settled near Evan's" Mills. She received her education in 
 schools at Moravia and Skaneateles, N. Y., and taught school sev- 
 eral years. She was a woman of rare uprightness of heart and life. 
 The members of her own family and her intimate friends knew 
 how true and steadfast were her affections and how untiring her 
 efforts for those she loved. She was a communicant of St. An- 
 drews (Episcopal) Church about forty years: her husband was also 
 
286 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 a member, being one of the vestry for many years. They together 
 did much to sustain the Church in its days of weakness and dis- 
 couragement. Of four children two only are living, Charles A. 
 Chapin, of Ann Arbor, and Mrs. S. S. Walker, of St. Johns, Mich. 
 Another son, Volney, died in 1872, at the age of 38 years. Mr. 
 Chapin died March 13, 1869, at the age of 66 years. Mrs. Chapin 
 died January 15, 1876, in her 74th year. 
 
 In politics Mr. Chapin was originally a Whig, with strong Anti- 
 Slavery sympathies. He cordially endorsed the principles of the 
 Eepnblican party. In 1839 and '40 he was Treasurer of the county, 
 and was at one time President of the village. 
 
 When the First Nat. Bank was organized in 1863 he was its first 
 President. In 1860-'64 he was Treasurer of the University of 
 Michigan. He never solicited public office or neglected his busi- 
 ness for any political preferment. He was a liberal contributor to 
 Church and school interest. With all his business cares and rela- 
 tions he found time for reading and improving his store of useful 
 knowledge. He was a man of correct habits, his character and 
 reputation being above reproach. 
 
CHAPTEE XII. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 Education was one of the first objects that the founders of our 
 Republic had in view. An ordinance of Congress in 1785 seques- 
 tered section 16 of each township in the "Western Territory for the 
 support of public schools." Another ordinaiice of 1787, for the 
 government of the Northwestern Territory, declared that " schools 
 and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." An act 
 in 1804, providing for the sale of public lands in the Indiana Terri- 
 tory, comprising the present States of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan 
 and Wisconsin, expressly reserved from sale section 16 in each 
 township "for the support of schools." In 1805 the Territory of 
 Michigan, comprising the lower peninsula, was organized, and in 
 that act, all the rights secured by the previous acts and ordinances 
 were confirmed. In 1828 Congress placed the school lands in the 
 control of the Territorial Governor and Council. 
 
 The ordinance of 1836, by which Michigan was admitted to the 
 Union, stipulated that section 16 in each township should be given 
 to the State '' for the use of schools." 
 
 All these acts show the unwavering purpose of the "fathers" to 
 provide for the education of the people. The State Constitution of 
 1835 declared that the proceeds of all land granted by Congress for 
 the support of schools should " remain a perpetual fund for that 
 object." 
 
 In all the acts and ordinances referring to the grant of section 16, 
 it was for " schools," or " public schools." By common consent from 
 the first, this is construed to mean common, or primary schools; and 
 it is understood that no portion of the avails of that section can 
 ever be used for any other purpose. In some States previously 
 admitted to the Union, the 16th section had been granted to the 
 several townships, and the natural result was that much of the 
 avails were lost or squandered ; but through the influence of Gen. 
 Isaac E. Crary, in the case of Michigan, it was given to the State, 
 whereby the avails became a common fund which has ever been 
 carefully protected by the State. At an early day the policy was 
 adopted, of loaning the funds to counties and individuals. Nothing 
 was ever lost in the loan to counties. The practice of loaning to 
 individuals was soon abandoned, and yet, of such loans, about 
 $13,000 was lost. Mortgages were taken in each case, but for some 
 reason they were never foreclosed, and stand to tliis day uncancelled 
 on the records. One mortgage was foreclosed and bid iu for the 
 State, but the State never took possession. One of these mortgages 
 
 (387) 
 
288 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 was cancelled by a resolution of the Legislature in 1877. In 1847 
 the Legislature directed the Board of Auditors on land claims to 
 collect or compromise these debts, but the only surviving member 
 of that Board has no recollection of the subject ever being con- 
 sidered by them. 
 
 Under the present constitution these funds are made a perma- 
 nent loan to the State, and used in payment of the State debts, the 
 State paying annual interest at seven per cent. The fund amounted 
 Sept. 30, 1878, to $2,890,090.73. The school lands were originally 
 estimated at 1,148,160 acres; but the Auditor General in 1874 re- 
 ported the amount as 1,067,393 acres. Over 400,000 acres of this 
 is in the upper peninsula. 
 
 The first Territorial school law was in 1827, when Gen. Cass was 
 Governor. That enacted that the citizens of any township having 
 fifty householders, should provide themselves with a " schoolmaster 
 of good morals." to teach the children to read and write. Any 
 township with 200 householders must have a schoolmaster who 
 could teach Latin, French and English. Six years later, this law was 
 repealed and anotiier enacted, providing for three commissioners 
 and 10 inspectors. This act also created an office of " Superinten- 
 dent of Common Schools." There are no records showing. that this 
 office was ever filled. 
 
 Very little was actually done in the way ofpublic schools previous 
 to the State organization. The first State constitution provided 
 for a Superintendent of Public Instruction. Under this law Rev. 
 John D. Pierce, who at present resides at Ypsilanti, was appointed 
 Superintendent in 1836, and was the first State Superintendent in 
 the Union. Most of the States have since followed the example of 
 Michigan in having a special head to their educational institutions. 
 
 In accordance with a vote of the Legislature, Mr. Pierce reported 
 to that body in January, 1837, a code of school laws, which was 
 adopted with but little change. That code consisted of 46 sections. 
 The leading provisions were: The townships were to be divided into 
 districts with appropriate powers. All male tax-payers, and no 
 others, could vote in school meeting. Districts could vote a tax for 
 buildings, not to exceed $500 in any one year, and what might be 
 necessary for incidental expenses, not to exceed $90, for supporting 
 the school, which must not be less than three months. Districts 
 could vote $10 a year for a library, and those having a library shared 
 in the proceeds from fines. No provision was made in the "original 
 law for a rate-bill, and all taxes voted by the district were assessed 
 and collected by the assessor; but the supervisors were required to 
 assess a tax equal to the amount of primary school fund apportioned 
 to each district. The director hired the teacher, but must have 
 the consent of the moderator or assessor. If the teacher's wages 
 exceeded the funds, the Board could assess a tax to meet the defi- 
 ciency, not to exceed the $90 above mentioned. 
 
 Previous to 1869, the law had not defined who had a rio-ht to 
 attend school; and the Department of Public Instruction heTd that 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 289 
 
 no person who was a proper subject for education could be excluded ; 
 but this was sometimes disputed. The board in a certain district 
 refused to admit a colored child. The father sued the ojpicers, and the 
 case was carried by him to the Supreme Court. It was an ugly ques- 
 tion, and under the large powers of district Boards, and the silence 
 of the statute upon the subject, the decision would probably have 
 been against the father. But the Legislature forestalled the neces- 
 sity of a decision by enacting in 1869, that " All ])ersons, residents 
 of any school district, and, live years of age, shall have an equal 
 right to attend any school therein." In one city the attempt was 
 made to establish a " colored school," and in 1871 the following was 
 added to the law: " And no separate school or department shall be 
 kept for any persons on account of race or color." 
 
 The powers of district Boards have been considerably enlarged, 
 as also the minimum length of school. Instead of three months, dis- 
 tricts with less than 30 children must now have three months, those 
 with more than 30 must have five months, and those with over 800 
 must have nine months (and all as much more as the district may 
 vote), under the penalty of forfeiture of the two-mill tax and pri- 
 mary-school money ; and the power to decide the taxes necessary to 
 carry on the school is taken from the district and given to the board. 
 Districts may unite as they may be disposed, and have as many 
 school-houses and sites as they please. AH school taxes are assessed 
 by the township supervisor, and collected like other taxes. The 
 peculiar care of the State for the schools is shown in the fact that, 
 out of all the taxes collected in the township, all school-taxes assessed 
 — without reference to the amount collected — shall be paid before 
 any moneys can be paidfor any other purpose, except for township 
 expenses. It sometimes happens that these two objects absorb all 
 the taxes collected in the township, leaving nothing for the county 
 or State. 
 
 The Township Board of School Inspectors now consists of tlie 
 township clerk, one elected inspector, and a township superintendent 
 of schools. The superintendent examines teachers and grants cer- 
 tificates, and visits the schools; and the inspectors are now limited 
 to little more than the organization of districts and compiling of 
 district reports. 
 
 Each township is required to support township or district libra- 
 ries. The township may vote taxes for town libraries, and the dis- 
 tricts for district libraries; but public enthusiasm on the subject is 
 unfortunately low, and the library system is not flourishing, except 
 in a few counties which have a large library fund from penal fines. 
 
 In the histories of the various villages, towns and cities 
 of the counties, as full records of the various schools are given as 
 could be obtained, eras space in the work would permit; therefore 
 it is unnecessary to say more in this connection. The attention of 
 the reader is called to the following table, as showing the status of 
 
290 
 
 eiSTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTf. 
 
 the public schools in the county at the close of the school year ot 
 18f9-'80: 
 
 C5QOt>COT-(eOCOO 
 
 lOi-HC^ — CSi-HOO-"-- -- 
 iO O to ?0 GO OT0f_^lO lO C5 1-^ 
 
 I>10CDt-i>iOGOTt< 
 
 aooco'wO'^icocDT-Hco 
 
 00iOOC0i>"<*'*i01O00GQ 
 
 
 oosogooicioos 
 
 a 
 
 CQ -^ 35 I> £> iO ^ iC ^IC -^ O iC OOO 50 iC O CO to 
 
 looitos 
 JO aniBA 
 
 OOiOlOOOOi/30000001000000 
 
 0ioc0(?jooirrciooi0iriooi>oaooiojr3 
 
 OiOOS«10QO^i>«CDT-HO-^-^-<^OCO»CCC20 
 
 sasnoH 
 -looTjas 
 
 CD05050DO»C5I>t-^0000<:DCS0050505I>ODi>-<* 
 
 jnp TOOtios 
 
 'looiios 
 
 Snjpuauv 
 
 sudnd 
 
 jaqnmtl 
 
 •U8J:pTTqO 
 
 JO 
 jaqnmti 
 
 wc-"iC0:COOiOO^O^35O-^OOCDO00i>O 
 _ u ^ H CO CO <M 
 
 0«OQOO"('^C*M'^CO'-^0-^i-H05«0 
 O'^C0OTHC0T-HOC^C0r-4OiC '^^^ iO "^ 
 
 THCD"^QOCOiCCOO?01C:OI>CO- 
 
 a; 
 
 d MS X 
 
 a-s 
 
 5t) 
 a 3 s t^ij 
 
 - a g 
 
 
 O a: „ 
 "? QJ g 
 
 ^^^^^■^3^m&-£S&Sf.^S^^ 
 
 Before the organization of the public school system, "select 
 schools " were taught in various places thi'oughout the county. 
 One among the first was the select school of T. "W. & Moses 
 Merrill at !A.nn Arbor. Their school was opened in the fall 1829. 
 The following was their advertisement which appeared in the first 
 number of the Western Emigrant: 
 
 BELEOT SCHOOL FOB YOUNG GENTLEMEN AND LADIES IN ANN" ARBOR VILLAGE. 
 
 Branches of study. — Reading, Spelling, Mental Arithmetic, Modern Geography 
 and English Grammar, at $2.50 per quarter: — including Writing, Practical Arithme- 
 tic, Ancient Geography, History, Philosophy, Chemistry, Logic, Astronomy, the 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 291 
 
 Higher Branches of Mathematics, Composition and Beclamation at $3:— including 
 the Latin and Qreelt Languages, $4,50. 
 
 The instructors pledge themselves to take a lively interest in their pupils' advance- 
 ment in knovrledge, in good habits and amiable deportment; and by a general superin- 
 tendence regarding the intellectual, physical and moral welfare of those committed 
 to their care, while at their boarding houses as well as at their school-room, they 
 hope to merit, as well as to receive, the patronage of parents and guardians. Board- 
 ing may be obtained at $1.00 per week. Select school books may be obtained at 
 the school depository at the lowest prices. The first quarter will commence on 
 Monday, November 33, 1839. 
 
 T. W. Meekill, a. M., 
 
 Late instructor in the Academical and Theological Institute, New Hampton, New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 Moses Meeeill, 
 Late teacher in a select school, Albany, New York. 
 N. B. — Preparatory scholars in reading and spellmg will be admitted at |3.00. 
 
 From the foregoing it will be seen that the higher branches were 
 to form the most prominent part of the instruction in the school of T. 
 W. & Moses Merrill. It must be remembered this was in 1829, 
 two years after the organization of the county, and seven years 
 before Michigan was admitted as a State, thus showing the interest 
 then taken in higher education, which interest has always been 
 maintained. High schools, seminaries and academies have ever 
 flourished, and in every thing pertaining to a liberal education 
 Washtenaw county has taken an advanced position. 
 
 ^THE TJNIVEESITY OF MICHIGAN. 
 BY PROF. OHAKLES K. ADAMS. 
 
 The relations of the University to the other parts of the educa- 
 tional system of the State were established at a very early date. In 
 1817, some 20 years before Michigan became-a State, the governor and 
 judges, to whom the interests of higher education were committed 
 by the Territorial government, drew up and adopted a very elab- 
 orate scheme for the organization of a university. The law in 
 accordance with which this scheme was elaborated, not only made 
 the University a part of the school system of the State, but it also 
 provided for the ample support of the University by an extraordi- 
 nary addition of no less than 15 per cent, to all existing taxation. 
 
 In 1821 some of the provisions of this act were abrogated ; oth- 
 ers were elaborated and defined. The policy of the University in 
 matters of religion, for example, was determined to be identical 
 with that of the common schools. The act declared that "persons ot 
 every religious denomination were capable of being elected trustees, 
 and no person, president, professor, instructor or pupil was to be 
 refused admittance for his conscientious persuasion in matters of 
 religion." It provided further, that the trustees of the University 
 " might from time to time establish such colleges, academies and 
 schools dependent upon the University as they might think proper." 
 It made it the duty of the trustees " to inspect such colleges, 
 academies and schools, to examine into the state and system of edu- 
 
292 HISTORY OF WASHTEN-AW COUNrF. 
 
 cation and discipline tlierein, and make a yearly report;" " to 
 ordain rules for the government of the institution not inconsistent 
 with the laws of the United States or of the Territory ;" and finally 
 it authorized them to appoint a president and professors, and 
 to remove them at pleasure. 
 
 Thus, as early as 1821, the University was placed at the head of 
 the educational system of the State, with comprehensive powers and 
 great responsibilities. The fact is chiefly important as showing 
 the manner in which the rank and position of a university was 
 regarded during the Territorial period. It was not until Michigan 
 became a State, in 1836, that these ideas began to assume a concrete 
 form. 
 
 Among the first acts of the new State government was the 
 appointment of a Superintendent of Pablic Instruction. The Rev. 
 John D. Pierce was called to this office in 1836; and to him was 
 entrusted the responsible work of preparing a system for common 
 schools, and a plan for a university. 
 
 Mr. Pierce was a man of liberal culture. He had become espe- 
 cially interested in the Prussian system of education through the 
 celebrated "Report" of Cousin. It was doubtless in consequence 
 of his known familiarity with the best systems of education in 
 Europe that Mr. Pierce was placed in this responsible position. 
 But whatever the reason may have been, his first report clearly 
 demonstrates the wisdom of his appointment. 
 
 After discussing at length the lower and intermediate schools, the 
 Superintendent argued with especial ability and fullness that the 
 University ought to be organized upon the broadest basis. He 
 recommended the ultimate establishment of three departments, — 
 one of Literature, Science and the Arts, one of Medicine, and one of 
 Law. He discussed at length the relations of the institution to the 
 different religious denominations of the State; and he recommended 
 that liberal policy in the appointment of professors which has since 
 been so successfully carried out. l^ot only were his recommendations 
 marked by a broad and comprehensive wisdom, but his faith in the 
 future of the University must have been most cheering to his asso- 
 ciates. " In respect to the assertion," said he, " that State institutions 
 do not and cannot flourish, it may be safely affirmed that the history 
 of the past proves directly the reverse. The oldest and most vener- 
 able institutions in our land are emphatically State institutions; 
 they were planted, came up, increased in stature, and attained to 
 the maturity and vigor of manhood under the guidance and patron- 
 age of the State. The same is true of nearly all the European uni- 
 versities; they are State institutions, founded, sustained and 
 directed by the State." 
 
 The recommendations of this report were adopted and became 
 the basis on which the superstructure of the University has been 
 erected. 
 
 The next important step in the history of the University was an 
 efibrt to emancipate it from the direct control of the TjCgislature. 
 

 /^-^^^.£^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 295 
 
 This effort was not completely successful, but it was so nearly so, 
 that the Board of Regents became practically independent. In 1840 
 a committee appointed to inquire into the condition of the Uni- 
 versity, reported thechangeswhich, in their opinion, were necessary 
 to ensure its full and permanent success. Among other changes 
 they recommended with great earnestness a transfer of all authority 
 over the institution frOm the Legislature to the Board of Regents. 
 This recommendation they enforced by means of a full exposition 
 of the work to be done, as well as of the difficulty of getting it 
 done by men chosen for the purpose of general legislation. " State 
 institutions," declares the report, " have fallen into the hands of the 
 several Legislatures, — fluctuating bodies, chosen with reference to 
 their qualifications for other duties than cherishing literary institu- 
 tions. When legislatures have legislated directly for colleges, their 
 measures have been as fluctuating as the changing materials of which 
 they are composed. When they have acted through a Board of 
 trustees, under the show of giving representation to all, they have 
 appointed men of such discordant and dissimilar views that they 
 never could act in concert, so that while supposed to act for and 
 represent somebody, they, in fact, have not and could not act for 
 anybody. * * * What the Legislature should attempt in reference 
 to the University is, in the opinion of the committee, to put the 
 whole subject into the hands of competent men, leaving it withun- 
 divided responsibility on their shoulders, and then the Legislature 
 not meddle with it again, except to protect it as guardians, not to 
 destroy it as capricious despots. Repeated legislative interference, 
 known by experience to be the ruin of a cause like this, would soon 
 dishearten every Regent who takes an interest or active part in the 
 duties of his office. The duties of the Regents, in their turn, will 
 be mostly to provide the means and apparatus, and the like, and to 
 fill the various faculties with able men, and throw the undivided 
 responsibility of carrying on the work of education on them. A 
 board of experienced Regents can manage the funds of the Univer- 
 sity better than any legislature; and the faculty can manage the 
 business of education — the interior of the college — better than any 
 Regents." 
 
 The policy thus vigorously advocated was not at once adopted. 
 As we have above seen, the Legislature frequently interfered with 
 the interests of the University by unwise legislation between 1840 
 and the time of the adoption of the new constitution in 1851. In- 
 terference, however, was not frequent. Practically the control of 
 the institution, even during the period mentioned, was in the hands 
 ofthe Board of Regents. From the first, also, the interior work of 
 the University was entrusted exclusively to the professors. It is 
 not too much to say that it is largely to this separation of powers, 
 and this absence of officious interference that very much of the 
 prosperity ofthe University is to be attributed. 
 
 We have alread}' seen that the founders and early trustees of the 
 University gave it power to establish and direct subordinate coi- 
 ls 
 
296 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 leges and academies. In accordance with the powers thus granted, 
 the trustees, in 1837, resolved to establish eight academies as 
 branches of the University, in as many different parts of the State. 
 Kve of these schools were organized within a year; and not long 
 afterward three or four others were opened. The hopes of tlie Re- 
 gents, however, were disappointed. The schools did not flourish, 
 partly because the funds of the University were insuflScient to sup- 
 port them, partly because the population of the State had not yet 
 become sufficiently numerous, and partly because the organization 
 of the schools was defective. Tlie branches, however, continued a 
 feeble existence for nearly ten j'ears. In 1846, a committee ap- 
 pointed to consider their condition, reported in favor of their discon- 
 tinuance; and, accordingly, all support of them from the University 
 fund was withdrawn. 
 
 But although the branches never became very conspicuous as 
 preparatory schools, their influence must have lieen considerable on 
 the welfare of the University. In a new State, if not indeed in 
 any State, the most pressing need of a University is good secondary 
 schools. It was this need, which, at a period before union schools 
 were established, the branches did much to satisfy. When union 
 schools arose their work was no longer needed, and they quietly 
 passed out of existence. 
 
 We now approach a period of very great importance in the his- 
 tory of the University. In 1851 a new State constitution was 
 adopted, and an important change was made in the organization of 
 the Board of Regents. The modification which had been recom- 
 mended, as we have above seen, in 1840, was now brought about 
 by means of a constitutional provision. The ten or eleven j'ears 
 which had elapsed since the organization of the Board had been 
 enough to convince the law-makers that a change was imperatively 
 demanded. Under the system by which the Regents were appointed 
 by the Governor and Senate, the Board was chiefly made up of 
 politicians rather than of men of superior educational qualifica- 
 tions. The new constitution struck boldly at the root ot the evil. 
 Not only were the Regents henceforth to be elected directly by the 
 people, but they were to possess greatly increased powers. 
 
 "The Board of Regents," declared the new constitution, "shall 
 Save general supervision of the University, and the direction and 
 eontrol of all expenditures from the University Interest Fund." 
 
 This important clause, it may be remarked, has been interpreted 
 as giving to the Board exemption from the control of the Legislat- 
 Vire; and under shelter of it, the Regents liave not hesitated to 
 disregard the authority of the Legislature whenever the interests 
 ©f the University have seemed to demand such action. In this 
 eourse the Board has been sustained by the Supreme Court of the 
 State. It is probable that no one act in the dealings of the State 
 with the University has conferred a greater benefit upon the insti- 
 tution than the clause above quoted. Before 1851, the University 
 wnA conCrolled by good men, it is true, but by men who were ap- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 297 
 
 pointed because of their political prominence rather than because 
 of their interest in affairs of education; while since that time the 
 Regents have been men selected solely on account of their real or 
 supposed ability and disposition to administer wisely the interests 
 of the University. 
 
 No sooner did the new Board of Kegents enter upon their duties 
 than the Universitj' seemed to enter upon a new career of pros- 
 perity. Good plans had been adopted and a firm foundation had 
 laeen laid; but as yet the edifice had not begun to rise. Indeed, a 
 positive decline in the number of students at the University had 
 taken place. The first catalogue, that of 184:3-'4, gives us the 
 names of 53 students. This number was gradually increased until 
 184:8, when the number had reached 89. Then for the next five 
 years there was a steady and serious decline. In 1852 the number 
 of students in the Department of Literature, Science and the Arts 
 wasonh'57, a smaller number than had been present any year 
 since 1845. 
 
 But now an important change took place. The new constitution 
 required that the Board of Regents elect a President of the Univer- 
 sity; and this duty they wisely fulfilled by calling to the position 
 Eev. Henry P. Tappan, D. D., of New York. 
 
 President Tappan brought to the University not only great ability 
 and culture, but also an unusual enthusiasm in the work of higher 
 education. He had studied the educational systems of the differ- 
 ent European states, and had acquired a great admiration for the 
 system of Prussia. On coming to the University, therefore, he 
 had but to develop and amplify the policy which had been recom- 
 mended, and indeed adopted, by Superintendent Pierce as early as 
 1837. But it should be said that up to the advent of President 
 Tappan, that policy had lain practically dormant. Previous to 
 1850, when the Medical Department was inaugurated, nothing but 
 the ordinary classical course had been opened; in a word, there was 
 nothing about the institution, on his arrival, to remind one that 
 the Prussian system had ever been so much as thought of, much 
 less recommended and decided upon. 
 
 In his inaugural address, the President reviewed what had been 
 recommended by Superintendent Pierce and others; and announced 
 his purpose to develop the principles which they had adopted. Ad- 
 dressing the Board on this subject, he used these words: " I pro- 
 pose, then, generally, that yon follow out the principles you have 
 adopted, and perfect manfully your system of education according 
 to those principles." The great merit, then, of President Tappan's 
 work for the University was not so much that he advanced new 
 doctrines and proposed new theories, as that he discovered the 
 means of bringing into actual existence and practice what had pre- 
 viously been no more than ideal. 
 
 Nor must it be inferred that this was a work of small impor- 
 tance. The transformation wrought was real and almost immediate. 
 This was brought about partly by means of opening new de- 
 
298 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 partments and strengthening old ones; and partly by the somewhat 
 less tangible, but scarcely less important, work of creating and 
 enlightening public opinion. This latter part of his work was un- 
 questionably of vast importance throughout the State. Not only were 
 numerous addresses either formally or informally delivered to the 
 students on educational topics, but similar discourses on the rela- 
 tions of the University to the people were delivered in various por- 
 tions of the State. Thus the nature of his utterances on educa- 
 tional subjects, as well as the charm of his personal presence, 
 tended powerfully to bring the people of the State, and especially 
 the alumni, into hearty sj'mpathy with the institution. 
 
 The interior development of the University was at once begun. 
 The President's policy in this regard was foreshadowed in his in- 
 augural, and in his first report. " We see," said he, " a University 
 faculty giving instruction in a college or gymnasium. Our first 
 object will be to perfect this gymnasium. To this end we propose 
 a scientific course parallel to the classical course. There will be 
 comprised in it, besides other branches, civil engineering; astron- 
 omy with the use of an observatory; and the application of chem- 
 istry to agriculture and the industrial arts generally. The entire 
 course will run through four years, in which the students will be 
 distributed into four classes similarly to the classical course. 
 Students who pursue the full scientific course we shall graduate as 
 Bachelors of Science. In addition to this we shall allow students 
 to pursue special courses, and give them at their departure certifi- 
 cates of their proficiency." 
 
 The policy thus promulgated by President Tappan diff^ered in 
 some important particulars from that adopted generally in the older 
 universities. At Harvard, at Yale and elsewhere, the method 
 pursued has been to keep the classical students separated in a 
 measure from those prosecuting scientific studies. In accordance 
 with tliis polic}' the Lawrence and Shefiield Schools have each a 
 more or less complete existence independent of the college proper. 
 In Michigan, on the other hand, the policy was adopted of keeping 
 all the students in intimate relation with one another by admitting 
 them as far as possible to the same classes. 
 
 This method appeared to offer two-fold advantage. In the first 
 place it bound all the courses of study into the most harmonious 
 relations; and, in the second, it made it possible to develop new 
 courses by the addition of only such professors and teachers as were 
 needed to give the requisite technical instruction. Students of 
 all the courses, for example, were taught in the same laboratories, 
 and by the same professors, and thus the necessity of duplicating 
 means of instruction was in many cases obviated. On the basis of 
 this theory the University has been developed. A scientific course, 
 strictly parallel with the classical course, was at once opened; and 
 a little later, the course in civil engineering was added. 
 
 In order that astronomy might be successfully taught, an obser- 
 vatory was needed. Largely through the personal solicitations of 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 299 
 
 the President money was raised, chiefly in Detroit, to supply this 
 deficiency. The Detroit Observatory, when ready for use, was rec- 
 ognized as one of the most perfectly equipped in the world, and its 
 subsequent record has more than justified the high anticipations of 
 its founders. 
 
 In 1S56 the central portion of the Chemical Laboratory was 
 erected; and the demand for instruction became so general that an 
 important enlargement soon became imperatively necessary. 
 
 Kor in the midst of all this development of scienti tic studies was 
 the old classical course weakened. On the contrary, it not only 
 continued to enjoy the fostering care of the President and the 
 Faculty, but it received an impulse in the appointment of Pro- 
 fessors Boise and Frieze to the chairs of Greek and Latin, which 
 to the present day lias been to it=a perpetual source of strength. 
 
 The Medical School, which had been established just before the 
 appointment of President Tappan, was developed and strengthened. 
 
 Finally, the Law Department was opened, and under the inspiring 
 influence of such instructors as Judges Campbell and Cooley, and 
 their fellow professors, it grew in the course of a few years to be the 
 most numerously attended law school in the country. 
 
 Another means by which the University was greatly strengthened 
 and developed was by the policy adopted by President Tappan in 
 the appointment of professors. From the first he maintained that 
 oflicers of instruction should be selected solely on account of their 
 ability to instruct. When he wa,s pressed to make appointments 
 on denominational grounds, he not only declined to do so, but 
 maintained that such appointments were wrong in principle and 
 highly injurious in practice. " Egregiously do they mistake," 
 declared he, " the character and ends of this institution who imagine 
 that because it belongs to no sect or party in particular, it there- 
 fore belongs to all sects and parties conjointly and of equal right. 
 It not only does not belong to any sect or party in particular, it 
 belongs to no sect or party at all. The prime object of a seminary 
 of learning is not like that of a Church, to inculcate religion or 
 perform its services, but afford education. A little reflection in 
 connection with some experience of the pressure of denomina- 
 tional interest produced in my own mind, and, 1 believe, in the 
 minds of the entire Board, a settled conviction that any regard to 
 religious denominationalism in the appointment of professors, is 
 both wrong in principle and productive of endless embarrassment. 
 There is no safe guide in the appointment of professors save in the 
 qualifications of the candidate." 
 
 On leaving the University, President Tappan again reverted to 
 the same policy, and made this very emphatic declaration: " One 
 thing is certain, no appointment has since been made [ i. e., since 
 his arrival at the University] with any reference to denominational 
 connection. After Dr. Brunnow reached Ann Arbor, I for the first 
 time asked him whether he were a Catholic or a Protestant, when 
 he informed me that he was a Lutheran Protestant. Dr. Haven, who 
 
300 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTlf. 
 
 brought Prof. Winchell's name before the Board of Regents, 
 affirmed that he was ignorant of his denominational connection. 
 Prof. Frieze was known to be an Episcopalian, but was elected 
 through tlie instrumentality of Prof. Boise, himself a Baptist. Dr. 
 Ford and Prof. Wood were elected while we were entirely ignorant 
 of their denominational connection. Messrs. Peck and Trowbridge 
 ( from West Point ) were elected without any knowledge on our part 
 of their religious predilections. Mr. White, although known to be 
 an attendant of the Episcopal Church, was elected on the recommen- 
 dation of the Congregational President and many others of the 
 Congregational clergymen and professors at New Haven." 
 
 Accordingly, the policy announced by the President was con- 
 sistently pursued to the end of his administration. It requires but 
 the merest reference to the names of professors appointed during 
 his administration to show that the University brought together 
 under this policy a galaxy of unusually able men. Boise, Palmer, 
 Winchell, Brunnow, Ford, Frieze, White, Campbell, Walker, 
 Coolej^, Wood, Watson and Armor, — such were the assistants whom 
 President Tappan gathered around him. 
 
 Thus, by the founding of new departments, by the establishment 
 of new professorships, and by the appointment of men of culture 
 and skill to fill the vacant chairs, as well as by the noble utterances 
 of the President on educational subjects, the work of the Univer- 
 sity was immensely extended in breadth and in depth. The first 
 catalogue in which President Tappan's name occurs contains a list 
 of 14 officers and 222 students; the last one shows that the number 
 had increased during the 11 years of his administration to 30 offi- 
 cers and 662 students. 
 
 In the summer of 1863, President Tappan was succeeded by 
 President Haven. The circumstances attending the change of ad- 
 ministration were such as to place serious obstacles in the way of 
 the new President. Predictions were rife that disaster to the Uni- 
 versity wonld ensue. These predictions, however, proved ground- 
 less. It soon became obvious that the institution was too firmly 
 established to be dependent upon any single person. Althongli the 
 University, both without and within, was violently agitated, the 
 number of students who applied for admission in the autumn of 
 1863 was greater than ever before. It was evident that the institu- 
 tion had acquired a momentum which no temporary agitation 
 could check. 
 
 Embarrassments of a somewhat serious nature, however, now be- 
 gan to be felt. During the administration of President Tappan 
 the financial resources of the University had been adequate to its 
 most pressing necessities. The salaries of professors in the Lit- 
 erary Department had been fixed at $1,500. and plans had been 
 adopted on the supposition that these salaries would be permanent. 
 On the outbreak of the war, however, prices advanced so rapidly 
 that the salaries paid were no longer equal to the necessities of the 
 position. But the income of the University was very nearly fixed 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 301 
 
 The large increase in the number of students called for a similar 
 increase of expenditure, both for instruction and for incidentals; 
 while the additional amount received from the small fees of this in- 
 creased number was altogether inadequate to the increased demand. 
 The University was in fact embarrassed by its prosperity. 
 
 Accordingly, in September of 1866 measures were taken by the 
 President and the Board of Kegents to bring the financial necessi- 
 ties of the University before the Legislature. The President and 
 several members of the Board repaired to Lansing on the opening 
 of the session and laid the subject before the two houses. 
 
 The result of their eflbrt afforded no relief, although it changed 
 the nature of the embarrassment. An act, as above mentioned, 
 was passed, giving to the University a twentieth of a mill tax 
 (equivalent to about $16,000 per annum); but, accompanying the 
 grant was a condition which the Regents felt it impracticable to 
 fulfill. The money was to be paid only on condition that at least 
 one professor of homeopathy should be appointed in the Depart- 
 ment of JMLedicine. 
 
 The excitement at the University in consequence of this act was 
 very intense. Several resignations of professors in the Medical De- 
 partment occurred, and it was understood that all the members of 
 the Medical Faculty wrote their resignations with the determina- 
 tion of presenting them in case the grant should be accepted on the 
 condition imposed. 
 
 The Medical School- had become one of the most prosperons, if 
 indeed it were not without exception the itnost prosperous in the 
 country, the catalogue for that year showing an attendance of 525 
 students. In view of the fact that the school would obviously be 
 broken up by an acceptance of the grant, the Regents voted to post- 
 pone the decision of the question for one year. 
 
 At the end of 12 months, a period filled with agitation of the 
 subject, the matter was again taken in hand. An attempt was 
 now made to comply with the conditions of the law so far as was 
 necessary to secure the grant, and at the same time to evade thena 
 so far as was necessary to save the Medical Department. For the 
 purpose of accomplishing these two very desirable results, the Board 
 "resolved to organize a school in the Department of Medicine, to 
 be called the ' Michigan School of Homeopathy,' and to be located 
 at such place other than Ann Arbor as should pledge to the Board 
 of Regents the greatest amount for the building and endowment of 
 said school." For the purpose of carrying out that provision, a 
 professor of theory and practice of homeopathic medicine was 
 appointed, and $3,000 were appropriated to be expended in the 
 organization of the school. 
 
 Before anything further was done, however, the matter was 
 carried into court. It is enough, in this connection, to say that 
 the Supreme Bench of the State declared that the course of the 
 Regents was not a compliance with the requirements of the law. 
 
302 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 When the Legislature met in January of 1869, the needs of the 
 University again came up for consideration. The course of the 
 Regents in rejecting the grant of the previous session was severely 
 scrutinized; but in the end a majority of the legislators were 
 brought to see that any other disposition of the matter would have 
 imperilled one of the most prosperous departments of the Univer- 
 sity. Accordingly a new bill was passed giving to the institution 
 the sum accumulated under the previous grant, together with a 
 subsidy of $15,500 a year. Best of all, the grant was free from the 
 obnoxious conditions of the previous act. In view of the turbulent 
 animosities which agitated the practitioners and adherents of the 
 two schools of medicine in all parts of the States, this legislation 
 was scarcely less creditable to the conciliatory and politic wisdom 
 of President Haven than to the sympathetic generosity of the 
 Legislature itself. 
 
 During the six years of President Haven's administration, the 
 different parts of the University were steadily developed. In the 
 Department of Literature, Science and the Arts, three additional 
 and distinct courses of study were introduced. The Latin and 
 Scientific course was designed to afford a compromise between the 
 strictly classical and the strictly scientific courses. In the place of 
 Greek were substituted French and German, and in the place of a 
 portion of the higher mathematics were given somewhat more 
 advanced studies in English. A course in Mining Engineering was 
 also offered, but as the appliances for technical illustration were 
 meager, no very marked advancement could be made. The course 
 in Pharmacy, designed for the education of apothecariss and drug- 
 gists, on the contrary, attracted to it so large a number of students, 
 that the already spacious accommodations of the Chemical Labo- 
 ratory had to be considerably increased. 
 
 In 1869 President Haven withdrew from the University leaving 
 behind him every token of a prosperous administration. Every 
 department of the institution had been extended in breadth and in 
 depth; and the number of students in attendance had increased to 
 somewhat more than 1,100. 
 
 It was two years after the resignation of President Haven before 
 President J. B. Angell was inaugurated as his successor. Mean- 
 while the affairs of the University were ably administered by Prof. 
 H. S. Frieze as Acting-President. 
 
 In the course of Acting-President Frieze's term of office several 
 measures of great importance were adopted. 
 
 The most noteworthy of these was unquestionably the opening of 
 the University to women. 
 
 The question of the admission of women to the privileges of the 
 institution had often been agitated. In 1868 the subject was 
 brought before the Board of Regents by the petition of a number 
 of young ladies asking for admission to the University. The 
 question was carefully considered by the President and the Board. 
 On the 8th of September of that year an elaborate and able report 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 303 
 
 adverse to the petition was adopted by the Regents. The next step 
 in the history of the movement was taken in the Legislature. In 
 the winter of 1867 it was resolved " That it is the deliberate opinion 
 of this Legislature that the high objects for wliich the University of 
 Michigan was organized will never be fully attained until women 
 are admitted to all its rights and privileges." 
 
 On the basis of this declaration the Board of Regents at their 
 meeting in April, 1S67, instructed the Executive Commitee "to 
 censider this subject, and at some future time report whether the 
 regulations relating to the admission of students to the different 
 departments of the University, and to the conferring of degrees 
 should not be so construed as not to exclude women, residing in the 
 State of Michigan, from the right of matriculation, and to become 
 candidates for graduation upon the same conditions and with the 
 same requirements as are demanded of men." 
 
 In September of the same year, while the subject was still before 
 the committee. President Haven discussed the matter at some 
 length in his annual report. The embarrassments that would 
 arise in case of a compliance with the declared wish of the Legislat- 
 ure were fully considered. The conclusion reached by the Presi- 
 dent was expressed in the declaration that " it is too late now to 
 make this change without a revolution that should not be risked ex- 
 cept under a necessity that cannot otherwise be met. And if in- 
 sisted upon," continued the President, " suitable appropriations of 
 money to meet the expense should be made. The establishment of 
 a State college for young ladies would reasonably and successfully 
 meet the demand." 
 
 One year later, however, the President declared that his views on 
 the question had undergone some modification. In his report of 
 September, 1868, he expressed tlie belief that, as the deliberate opin- 
 ion of the Legislature appeared to be the opinion of the people of 
 the State, the University, belonging to the State, ouglit to regard 
 that opinion. " The more I consider the subject," declares the re- 
 port, " and the more carefully I study the results of the education 
 of both sexes in the same schools, the more inclined am I to the be- 
 lief that the best method for Michigan would be to make provision 
 for the instruction of women at the University, on the same con- 
 ditions as men. I have come to this conclusion slowly. A few ob- 
 jections have sometimes seemed to me strong, but the most of what 
 is urged against it is fanciful, and partakes of the nature of the 
 thougiitless opposition made to what is new." 
 
 In April, 1869,' Regent Willard, who had from the first ardently 
 advocated the measure, presented to the Board the following resolu- 
 tion: 
 
 " Mesolved, That in the opinion of the Board no rule exists in 
 a.ny of the University statutes which excludes women from admis- 
 sion to the University." 
 
 The resolution was laid upon the table by a vote of five to three. 
 
 But it was becoming more and more apparent that the demands 
 
304 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of the public could not long be resisted. The necessities of the 
 University were becoming more and more imperative, and it seemed 
 doubtful whether the Legislature would grant the necessary aid uq- 
 less women were admitted to a share of its benelits. It is also 
 probably true that the difficulties in the way of an admission of 
 women seemed less formidable on a more mature consideration. 
 Accordingly, in January of 1870, the subject was again brought 
 before the J3oard of Regents by Regent Willard; and the question 
 was finally settled by the adoption of the following resolution: 
 
 ^^ Resolved, That the Board of Regents recognize the right of 
 every resident of Michigan to the enjoyment of the privileges af- 
 forded by the University, and no rule exists in the University stat- 
 utes for the exclusion of any person from the University who 
 possesses the requisite literary and moral qualifications." 
 
 From what has been given in the above statement of facts it will 
 be seen that the resolution, though unpretending and simply expos- 
 itory in its nature, embodied in itself nothing less than a measure 
 which had received the most careful attention, and which was fraught 
 with the most far-reaching results. 
 
 The admission of women to the University made further appro- 
 priation b}' the Legislature imperatively necessary. It was at once 
 determined that in the Department of Medicine women should not 
 be taught in the same classes as men, and consequently that the 
 lectures would have to be duplicated. This fact not only made an 
 increase of salary to the Professors in the Medical Department nec- 
 essary, but it also called for increased accommodations in the way 
 of buildings and apparatus. Such increased facilities, moreover, 
 were especially imperative in the Literary Department. 
 
 Accordingly, in January of 1871, the wants of the University 
 were brought before the State Legislature. The solicitation was not 
 in vain. Although the homeopathic question was still unsettled, 
 and although in consequence of this fact some bitterness toward 
 the course of the Regents was manifested, yet it was obvious that 
 the Legislature as a whole were proud of the University, and were 
 determined to support it. An important appropriation was made 
 in response to the efiorts of the University authorities. This was 
 an independent grant of $75,000 for the purpose of affording in- 
 creased accommodations to the Literary Department, a grant from 
 which the building known as University Hall was chiefly erected. 
 This legislation was important not only as affording assistance to 
 the University, but as the inauguration of a policy which, it was 
 hoped, would afford it permanent and adequate support. 
 
 Another measure of great importance inaug.irated in the course 
 of Professor Frieze's administration was the formation of an offi- 
 cial connection between the University and the high schools of the 
 State. 
 
 The University from its first organization liad been regarded as 
 in reality a portion of the school system of the commonwealth. 
 The first Superintendent and the first President had labored to 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 305 
 
 establish the connection implied by this relationship. In the Prus- 
 sian system of education, which President Tappan endeavored to 
 imitate, there is an official recognition of the gymnasia by the uni- 
 versity in the admission of the pupils of the former to the latter 
 without entrance examination. In Michigan, however, the different 
 parts of the system had remained, up to this time, in comparative 
 isolation. The graduate of a Michigan high school could claim no 
 exemption from examination on presenting himself at the Univer- 
 sity, by reason of his diploma. This was doubtless owing to the 
 fact that the founders of the institution had intended to place the 
 dividing line which separated the real University from the real gym- 
 nasium within the University itself. President Tappan, it may he 
 remarked, had always regarded the ordinary four years' course as 
 really preparatory to post-graduate studies. The undergraduate 
 course, in his design, was to take the relative position of the Ger- 
 man gymnasium. But in the years that had intervened since the 
 opening of the University no very considerable increase of post- 
 graduate work had been brought about. An overwhelming major- 
 ity of students still continued to regard their University education 
 as complete at the moment when they received their Bachelor's 
 degree. But in the meantime the high schools in the State had been 
 constantly raising their standards of proficiency. Thus, as it 
 became more and more improbable that the undergraduate course 
 could be made to correspond with the intermediate schools of the 
 German system, it became a question whether the high schools 
 might not with propriety be brought to occupy that position. 
 Under these circumstances it would be folly to keep the under- 
 graduate course at a low standard in the hope that those who should 
 complete it would continue their studies as post-graduates, when 
 experience had shown that such a hope would be generally disap- 
 pointed. Would it not be better to raise the undergraduate course 
 to something really approaching a university course, and at the 
 same time to raise the high schools into a rank analogous to the 
 gymnasium? Nearly every consideration seemed to favor the adop- 
 tion of the latter course. 
 
 In order to bring about the desired result two changes seemed 
 to be demanded. In the first place the preparatory schools should 
 be brought into an approximate uniformity of organization; and 
 in the second, the collegiate course should be raised and extended as 
 rapidly as the condition of the preparatory schools and the means 
 at the disposal of the University would warrant. The latter of 
 these necessary changes could easily be brought about by multiply- 
 ing the number of elective studies in the University courses; the 
 former could only be done by first establishing an official relation- 
 ship between the University and the schools such as would be 
 mutually satisfactory and beneficial. It was for the purpose of 
 establishing such relationship that the University catalogue for 1870 
 published the following Special Notice to Preparatory Schools: 
 
306 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 " Whenever the Faculty shall be satisfied that the preparatory 
 course in any school is conducted by a sufficient number ci' com- 
 petent instructors, and has been brought up fully to the foregoing 
 requirements, the diploma of such schools certifying that the holder 
 has completed the preparatory course and sustained the examination 
 in the same, shall entitle the candidate to be admitted to the Uni- 
 versity without further examination." 
 
 This somewhat indefinite announcement was the inauguration of 
 a policy which has since been pursued not only in Michigan, but in 
 several of the other States. On the introduction of the system it 
 became obviously necessary to specify with precision the conditions 
 on which students could avail themselves of the privileges granted." 
 Those conditions have been somewhat modified from time to time 
 as there has seemed to bo necessity. 
 
 It is worthy of mention that it was during the administration 
 of Prof Frieze that the first important addition by private liberal- 
 ity was made to the University library. It became known that the 
 library of the late Prof. Pau, of the University of Heidelberg, was 
 for sale; and the Acting-President of the University at once set about 
 securing the means of purchasing it. Plis efforts were successful. 
 Philo Parsons, Esq., of Detroit, not only bought the library for the 
 University, but also volunteered to fill out important sets of books 
 and periodicals as yet incomplete. Thus the University library was 
 enriched by an addition of about 4,000 volumes and 5,000 pamphlets 
 devoted to the science of government, political economy and cog- 
 nate subjects. 
 
 Soon after the resignation of Dr. Haven, Dr. J. B. Angell, of the 
 University of Vermont, was invited to the vacant presidency. 
 This invitation he declined. Nearly two years later, however, 
 it was renewed and accepted. In June, 1871, therefore, President 
 Angell was inaugurated, and in the following September he entered 
 upon the duties of his office. 
 
 From what has been noted it will be observed that President 
 Angell entered upon his executive duties just after several very 
 important innovations had been determined upon. The admission 
 of women to all the departments of the University, and the admis- 
 sion of students from the high school of the State to the Liter- 
 ary Department without examination were changes of too great 
 moment to be entered upon without considerable solicitude. 
 
 Several American colleges had adopted co-education; but with 
 these the system had grown up from the beginning. In no instance 
 had an institution attained to eminent success on the old system, and 
 then deliberately thrown open its doors to both sexes. But here 
 was an army of 1,200 young men already in possession of the field; 
 and it is not strange that the resolution to offer all the privileges of 
 the University to women as well as to men was adopted with no 
 little anxiety. 
 
 Even the most ardent friends of co-education were not without 
 solicitude. As early as 1858, when the subject first came before the 
 
HISTOBY OF WASHTENAW OOONTY. 307 
 
 Board for serious consideration, the opinions of tlie most prominent 
 educators in the land had been obtained. In a very elaborate report 
 on the subject submitted on the 29th of September of that year, 
 these opinions were presented somewhat at length. A majority of 
 the educators consulted were manifestly adverse to the adoption of 
 the proposed measure. But even those who on general principles 
 favored joint-education seemed to think that it could be recom- 
 mended only when surrounded by conditions such as the University 
 of Michigan could not afford. President Mann, ufAntioch College, 
 wrote that while in his opinion the advantages of co-education were 
 great, the dangers of it were terrible, and itought not to be adopted 
 in the University of Michigan unless ample provisions could be 
 made for the exclusion of those dangers. President Finney, of 
 Oberlin, wrote in terms scarcely less decided. Under favorable 
 circumstances he approved heartily of joint education. But in his 
 opinion it ought to be surrounded by numerous safeguards. 
 
 It was in the face of these somewhat dismal premonitions 
 that the University deliberately incorporated upon itself the more 
 comprehensive plan. Young men were not lodged in dormitories; 
 and no dormitories were provided for young ladies. No matron 
 with a corps of lady assistants was appointed to keep up a super- 
 vision. In the Department of Medicine, indeed, provision was 
 made for separate instruction to women; but with this exception 
 no new classes were formed. The class room, the libraries, the 
 museums were simply thrown open to the women on precisely 
 the same conditions as to the men. In short, the University under- 
 took no further responsibility than that of giving instruction to 
 both sexes in the same classes and under the same conditions. 
 
 It may be too soon to speak with absolute assurance of the suc- 
 cess of the experiment; but so far as the experience of 10 years goes 
 to settle the question, it all tends to show that the fears and anxie- 
 ties of the opponents of the movement were not well founded. For 
 a number of weeks but one solitary lady chose to avail herself of the 
 advantages held out by the new resolution; but the number has 
 increased until, according to returns, in 1880 there are in attendance 
 138. It is important to note that no one of the numerous evils pre- 
 dicted has made its appearance. Every careful observer will probably 
 admit that neither the scholarship nor the morality of the University 
 has suffered from this important innovation. Concerning the health 
 of the ladies Professor Tyler, in a recent article in " Scribner's 
 Monthly " used the following language: " The physical disasters to 
 the women themselves, which an eminent medical authority has of 
 late clearly demonstrated to be the penal consequences of feminine 
 toil at the dry and arduous tasks of University study, have thus far 
 strangely failed to make their appearance in this neighborhood. 
 Indeed, the ladies here seem to thrive ludicrously well under the rug- 
 ged regimen to which they have been put; and their omission to 
 verify the predictions of an a priori alarm is something bordering 
 upon the cruel." 
 
308 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 During the administration of President Angell, the work of' the 
 Senior j'ear of students in the Department of Literature, Science, 
 and the Arts, has become far more attractive. With the single 
 exception of logic and psychology, in the first semester, all the 
 studies of the year have been made elective. Each student is re- 
 quired to take at least three studies, but he is at liberty to select 
 from the long list presented in the calendar. The result of 
 this change was in the highest degree satisfactory to both students 
 and professors. Courses were selected which accord with individ- 
 ual tastes and aptitudes; and, consequently, the work of the Senior 
 year was prosecuted with an enthusiasm previously quite unknown. 
 
 It was largely in consequence of the success of this experiment 
 that in 1877 the Faculty decided to extend the privileges of election 
 of studies still further. After mature deliberation they decided 
 to open the whole course to an elective system, subject only to such 
 restrictions as might be absolutely essential. Since that date stu- 
 dents have been allowed to select such studies as they choose, the 
 only limitation of absolute freedom being the necessity of taking 
 certain prescribed studies at some time in their course before pre- 
 senting themselves for a degree. 
 
 The influence of this bold action has undoubtedly been whole- 
 some. This has shown itself in the additional zeal with which the 
 students have carried on their work, and in a manifest decrease of 
 discontent and disorder. 
 
 As above intimated, the admission of women made it impera- 
 tively necessary that the income of the University should be in- 
 creased. Representations of this fact made to the Legislature in the 
 session of 1873, were successful in securing an additional grant. 
 The act of 1869, giving to the University $15,500 a year, was 
 repealed, and an act was substituted in its place, authorizing a 
 twentieth of a mill tax. This cliange gave to the University an addi- 
 tional income of about $15,000 a year. 
 
 A special appropriation was also made for the establishment 
 and support of a school of mines in 'the Department of Literature, 
 Science, and the Arts. This provision, however, was cut off by the 
 Legislature in 1877. Another grant provided for a School of Den- 
 tistry. Besides these generous provisions, amounting in all to 
 $19,500 a year, the Legislature further granted $8,000 fur the estab- 
 lishment of a State hospital, on condition that the citizens of Ann 
 Arbor would add $4,000 to the sum; $5,000 to procure a supply of 
 water for the University grounds; and $13,000 to pay outstanding 
 warrants issued by the University, chiefly for the extension of the 
 Chemical Laboratory. These appropriations amounted in the aggre- 
 gate to scarcely less than what would be derived from an endowment 
 of $300,000. The Legislature of 1879 made appropriations for 
 meeting the most pressing wants of the University. The most im- 
 portant of these were $40,000 for a new museum building, $20,000 
 for a boiler house, and sufiicient sums for the erection of a clinical 
 amphitheater in connection with each of the medical hospitals. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 309 
 
 Whatever may be thought of the early policy of tlie Legislature 
 toward the University, the liberality inanifestud since 1869 affords 
 most gratifying evidence that the State is disposed to bestow upon 
 the institution all needed support. 
 
 These- appropriations have enabled the University authorities to 
 enlarge and raultipl}' the courses of study. A brief notice of the 
 most important of these courses will indicate the extent of the 
 development whicli bas taken place. 
 
 The classical course does not differ in any essential particular 
 from similar courses in the older colleges at the East. It is per- 
 haps only necessary to say in this connection that under the wise 
 and scholarly guidance of Professors Boise and Frieze, the classical 
 course was so firmly established that no multiplication of other 
 departments of study has shaken its pre-eminence. In every class 
 up to the present time, the classical students have outnumbered all 
 others. 
 
 The scientific course extends also over four years. It is designed, 
 not only to afford more ample facilities for the study of the various 
 sciences, but also to give a more thorough training in the modern 
 languages. 
 
 The Latin and scientific course differs chiefly from the classical 
 in the substitution of French and German in the place of G-reek. 
 
 A course in civil engineering extends through four years, and 
 is designed to lay a foundation for the successful practice of the 
 profession. The conditions for admission to this course are the 
 same as those for admission to the course in science. 
 
 The School of Pharmacy provides for a two years' course of study 
 in the various branches of chemical analysis. Besides the requi- 
 site recitations and lectures, the experimental and practical work in 
 the Laboratory requires about four hours of daily application 
 throughout the whole of two years. 
 
 In that admirable report on the organization of the University, 
 presented by President Pierce as early as 1837, the author recom- 
 mended the establishment of schools of medicine and law, at the 
 earliest practicable moment. But, notwithstanding this recom- 
 mendation and the adoption of this report, it was not until 1849 
 that the Board found itself in condition to organize even the first 
 of the professional schools. The catalogue for 184:8-'9 announced 
 that arrangements were being made to commence a course of 
 instruction in medicine in the autumn term of that year. It was 
 further announced that the Board of Regents had adopted the plan 
 of requiring attendance upon but one course of lectures, which, in 
 consequence, would be extended through the academic year. It 
 was not, however, until the autumn of 1850 that the first course of 
 lectures was given. A change in the plan of instruction, more- 
 over, had been adopted before the college was formally opened. 
 
 The University catalogue for the year 1850-'l, the first which 
 contained a list of medical students, shows that the school was 
 organized on the same basis on which it continued to rest until the 
 
310 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 3'ear 1879. Each candidate for admission was required to furnish 
 evidence of good moral character, and, if a candidate for graduation, 
 also of such literary attainments as had been recommended by the 
 National Medical Association, viz.: "A good English educatiou, 
 the knowledge of Natural Philosophy, the Elementary Mathe- 
 matical Sciences, and such an acquaintance with the Latin and 
 Greek languages as will enable the student to appreciate the tech- 
 nical language of medicine, and read and write prescriptions." To 
 be admitted to the degree of Doctor of Medicine, the student was 
 required to have studied medicine and surgery for a terra of three 
 years, to have attended two full courses of lectures, and to be at 
 least 21 years of age, and, of course, to have passed all the required 
 examinations. The annual course of lectures in this department 
 began upon the iirst Wednesday of October, and continued until 
 the third Wednesday of April. The first catalogue of the depart- 
 ment contains the names of Professors Sager, Douglas, Gunn, 
 Denton and Allen, besides the names of as many as 95 students. 
 
 It is interesting to read in the same catalogue the following 
 hopeful statement in regard to the condition of the college: "Not- 
 withstanding the unusual duration of the medical term, and the 
 uncertainty attendant upon the success of a new medical college, it 
 is a source of gratification to all interested in the welfare of this 
 institution, to observe the remarkable prosperity which has thus far 
 attended it. It is believed that the present class, already large, 
 almost beyond precedent in the history of medical colleges, will be 
 still further augmented in number, at the next session." 
 
 The prediction contained in this last sentence was amply ful- 
 filled ; for the catalogue of 1851-'2 gives the number of students of 
 medicine as 159. The remarkable success of the Medical School, 
 as indicated by these figures, appears the more striking in view of 
 the fact that the whole number of students in the Department of 
 Literature, Science, and the Arts, for the same year, was only 57. 
 It is obvious that the various influences which had steadily reduced 
 the number of students in the Literary Department for a number 
 of years previous to 1852, were not felt in the Department of 
 Medicine. 
 
 Nor did the Medical School at once attain to the full measure of 
 its growth. The catalogues of the University show that the 
 remarkable prosperity which attended the opening of this depart- 
 ment was no mere spasmodic success, followed by a relapse into 
 secondary importance; on the contrary, the number of students 
 increased steadily, and indeed rapidly, until in 1866 the class 
 numbered no less than 525. This very large number, however, was 
 owing to an exceptional cause. At the close of the civil war a large 
 number of soldiers entered at once upon the studies of a profes- 
 sional education. But the most important step in advance taken by 
 the Medical College was that announced in 1878, and fully entered 
 upon in 1880. Not only was the term lengthened from six months 
 
T^^^/i^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 313 
 
 to nine, but the conditions of the degree were made to depend upon 
 an attendance on lectures, of three years. 
 
 The policy of the University in regard to buildings has generally 
 allowed the demand to anticipate the supply. The Board of 
 Regents have never made the mistake of believing that ample and 
 showy accommodations would attract large numbers of students. 
 It may be said, that from the first no building has been erected 
 until the necessity of its existence has become really pressing. If 
 there has been any exception to this policy, it was perhaps in the 
 erection of the first building for the accommodation of the Depart- 
 ment of Medicine. It was erected some three years before the 
 department was opened, and was the result of a somewhat curious 
 circumstance. 
 
 In 1845 the Board of Kegents determined to erect for the Liter- 
 ary Department a second dormitory building, which should be an 
 exact duplicate of that completed in 1841. Dr. Douglas, who had 
 recently entered upon the duties of his professorship of chemistry 
 and geology, was employed by the Board to superintend the con- 
 struction of the new building. As the new structure was to corre- 
 spond in every particular with the one previously erected, the bills 
 of the former one were duplicated in ordering materials for the 
 latter. On the completion of the second building, however, it was 
 found that a large amount of materials remained unused. It was 
 in view of this unexpected and gratifying fact that the Regents 
 authorized Prof. Douglas to begin the work of erecting a building 
 for a chemical laboratory. The records of the Board show that 
 the various appropriations made for building purposes at this 
 period, were for a Laboratory, although the building erected with 
 the money appropriated was what has since been known as the Old 
 Medical College. The lower story of the new edifice was occupied 
 as a chemical laboratory some two or three years before the open- 
 ing of the Medical Department in 1850. 
 
 The accommodations thus provided, partially in anticipation of 
 the School of Medicine, continued to be sufficient until 1855, when 
 it was found necessary to begin the erection of the present labor- 
 atory for the use of students in chemistry. Again, on the outbreak 
 of the civil war, the number of medical students increased greatly; 
 hence it was necessary to enlarge the Medical College. No special 
 appropriation from the Legislature was called for; but the citizens 
 of Ann Arbor generously contributed $10,000 for the purpose of 
 aiding the Regents in carrying out their design. Two large lecture- 
 rooms, with adjacent offices, were provided for at an expense of 
 $20,315. The new building was ready for occupation in the autumn 
 of 1864. It is gratifying to note that the first class which assem- 
 bled in the completed structure numbered nearly 500. 
 
 The next important event in the history of the School of Medi- 
 cine was the admission of women. When it was finally determined 
 to throw open tlie privileges of the University to both sexes, it be- 
 came ag important question whether, in the Medical Department, 
 
 19 
 
314 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 women should be admitted to the classes already formed; or whether 
 they should receive instruction in a class by themselves. The lat- 
 ter course was immediately determined upon. A new lecture room 
 was provided for, and nearl}^ all the lectures were repeated before 
 the class of ladies. In cases of clinical instruction, it was at the 
 option of the Faculty whether the clinic should be in the presence 
 of both sexes or whether it should be in the presence of either of 
 the sexes alone. Daring the past three or four years, the number 
 of women in attendance each year has been about 60. 
 
 The advantages afforded for clinical instruction in the Medical 
 School have been as great as possible in a city no larger than Ann 
 Arbor. Several years since, the number of applicants for treat- 
 ment was already so considerable that the erection of a hospital 
 became an imperative necessitj'. One of the University houses was 
 therefore devoted to this purpose. This was soon found, however, 
 to aiford altogether inadequate accommodations; and, accordingly, 
 application was made to the Legislature for an appropriation with 
 which to erect a State Hospital in connection with the Medical 
 Department of the University. The application was not at once suc- 
 cessful, but favorable action was not very long delayed. The 
 Legislature of 1875 granted $8,000 for the erection and equipment 
 of a hospital, on the condition that the city of Ann Arbor would 
 grant $4,000 for the same purpose. The condition was immedi- 
 ately falnlled, and the buildings have accordingly been erected. 
 Two pavilions, each 115 feet long by 28 feet wide, with 17 feet ceil- 
 ing, were attached to the former hospital building. The latter is to 
 be hereafter devoted exclusively to administrative purposes. The new 
 buildings have 'oeen amply provided with every appointment of a 
 first-class hospital, such as baths, water-closets, heating and ventilat- 
 ing apparatus as well as sitting and reception rooms for patients and 
 visitors. Several private rooms have also been provided for such pa- 
 tients as may desire to pay an increased price for better accommoda- 
 tions than those afforded by the general wards. All medical 
 attendance is gratuitous; the only fees required being for board and 
 medicine, at their actual cost. No contagious diseases are admitted; 
 but patients are received from any part of the country. It is be- 
 lieved that the amount of clinical material will hereafter be as great 
 as can be profitably used in the course of instruction. 
 
 One of the most embarrassing questions in the history of the 
 University has been the subject of homeopathic medicine. The 
 Legislature of the State early required the Regents to appoint at 
 least one professor of homeopathy in the Medical Department. 
 But the Regents declined to comply with this requirement, alleg- 
 ing as a reason for their action, that a compliance would injure, if 
 not indeed destroy, one of the most flourishing departments of the 
 University. At two different periods a mandamus was issued to 
 compel the Board of Regents to carry out the Legislative require- 
 ment. But the Supreme Court held that the powers of the Regents 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 315 
 
 were received from the constitution of the State, and therefore 
 could not be interfered with by the Legislature. 
 
 Accordingly, after this puzzling question had agitated the State 
 and perplexed the Regents during much of the time for 20 years, 
 the Legislature of 1875 provided for the establishment of a Homeo- 
 pathic Medical College as a separate department of the University. 
 It remains only to be said that the Regents at once adopted 
 measures for carrying out the provisions of this act. A building 
 was fitted up for the use of the Homeopathic Medical College; and 
 two professors, one of Tlieory and Practice of Homeopathic Medi- 
 cine and one of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, were appointed. 
 It was determined that the conditions of admission should be the 
 same as those formerly exacted of all medical students. To gain 
 instruction in General Chemistry, Anatomy, Organic and Applied 
 Chemistry, Physiology, Ophthalmology, Otology and Practical 
 Anatomy, Surgery. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Chil- 
 dren, students are required to attend the lectures on those subjects 
 in the " Department of Medicine and Surgery." Each professor 
 whose instruction the student is required to attend furnishes a 
 certificate to that effect whenever snch student lias passed the 
 necessary examinations; and the certificates thus given are laid 
 before the Board of Regents, who award the degrees, and sign the 
 diplomas. The School of Homeopathic Medicine, organized on 
 this basis, was opened for the work of instruction on the first of Octo- 
 ber, 1875, with 22 students in attendance. In 1879 the Legislature 
 made still further appropriations for the Homeopatliic Department. 
 The hospital and clinical privileges were extended so that the 
 opportunities of students should be equal to those enjoyed by stu- 
 dents of the old Department of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 This disposition of an important and troublesome question was 
 .generally accepted by the Regents and the several faculties of the 
 University as offering fewer embarrassments than any other that 
 had ever been proposed. Whether it will in the end be equally 
 satisfactory to the members of the medical profession, it is, perhaps, 
 too soon to predict with any confidence. 
 
 Although from the earliest historv of the University, the estarblish- 
 ment of a Department of Law had been contemplated, it was not 
 until the December meeting of the Regents in 1858, that this pur- 
 pose took definite form. At that time a committee of three was 
 appointed to consider and report a plan for the establishment of a 
 ]jaw Department in the University. At a meeting held March 29, 
 1859, Regent Johnson, in behalf of this committee, recommended 
 the establishment and the immediate organization of such a depart- 
 ment. The report of the committee was adopted; and Messrs J. Y. 
 Campbell, C. I. Walker and T. M. Cooley were appointed Law 
 Professors in the University, their time of service to commence on 
 the first day of the following October . Provision was also made 
 at the same meeting for the opening of the department, and the 
 delivery of the first course of lectures in the following autumn. 
 
316 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 In October of the same year a committee was appointed to dense 
 means for the erection of a suitable building for the use of the de- 
 partment. It was not, however, until March, 1861, that the Board 
 saw its way to the accomplishment of this purpose. After the 
 plans of different architects had been considered, and that of Messrs. 
 Jordan & Anderson, of Detroit, had been adopted, a building com- 
 mittee was appointed and authorized to make the most favorable 
 contract possible for the completion of the building before Septem- 
 ber 20, 1862. The building was not ready for occupation, however, 
 until the autumn of 1863. This delay was doubtless owing in part 
 to the fact that the original purpose had undergone considerable 
 modification. It was finally determined bj' the Board to erect a 
 building large enough not only to accommodate the Law Depart- 
 ment, but also to serve temporarily the purposes of a general 
 library I'oom and a chapel. The library was at once removed to 
 its new quarters; and it continues still to occupy almost the entire 
 lower story of the building, much to the inconvenience of the Law 
 Department. On the erection of the University Hall in 1873, the 
 law building was no longer needed for a chapel, ample accommo- 
 dations having been provided for in the new edifice. It is to be 
 hoped that at no distant day similiar provisions may be rnade for 
 the general library. 
 
 It may also be said that from the domestication of the Law De- 
 partment in its new quarters in 1863, it has had no history. In 1866 
 a fourth professorship was created; and Ashley Pond, Esquire, of 
 Detroit, was appointed Fletcher Professor of Law. Two years later 
 Prof Pond 'was succeeded by Prof Charles A. Kent, who still oc- 
 cupies the chair to which he was then appointed. The only other 
 change that has taken place in the Faculty of this department was 
 in the appointment of Mr. "William P. Wells as Lecturer, to dis- 
 charge the duties of Prof "Walker, who at his own urgent request 
 was excused from service for two years. On the resignation of 
 Prof "Walker in 1877, Mr. "Wells was appointed Professor. 
 
 In 1878, the Faculty was still further enlarged by the appoint- 
 ment of ex- Govern or Alpheus Felch as Tappan Professor of Law. 
 From first to last no essential differences of opinion have arisen in 
 regard to the policy and workings of the department. The first 
 class of students numbered 90; in J 866, only seven years from the 
 establishment of the school, the number in attendance was as high 
 as 386. Since that time the attendance in any one year has never 
 descended so low as 300; in 1879-'80, the number was 395. 
 
 The last of the professional schools established in the University 
 is the School of Dentistry. This department was provided for by 
 a Legislative act in 1875. In accordance with the requirements of 
 that act the school was at once organized by the Eegents, and was 
 opened for students in the autumn of 1875.' Two professors and a 
 demonstrator were appointed, and the school was commodiously 
 accommodated in one of the University buildings forinerlv oc- 
 cupied as a dwelling. In the basement of the building furnaces 
 
HISTOEr OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 817 
 
 were erected for the maTiipulation and management of the precious 
 metals with reference to their application to dental purposes; and 
 in the rooms above all the requisite facilities were furnished for 
 the most thorough course in didactic and clinical instruction. 
 Students of dentistry have all the privileges afforded by the 
 Chemical Laboratory, as well as the advantages of the lectures on 
 Anatomy, Physiology and Surgery in the Department of Medicine. 
 Candidates for graduation must have devoted three years to the 
 study of the profession, in connection with attendance upon a full 
 course of medical lectures, and must have attended two full courses 
 of lectures in a dental college, one of which, at least, must have 
 been in the University of Michigan. The facilities afforded by the 
 school for the study of dentistry are believed to be unsurpassed. 
 The number of students in the class of 1875, the first year in the 
 history of the department, was 20. The number in '79-'80 was 83. 
 
 Among the most important means of education in any institution 
 of learning are to be considered the libraries. 
 
 The nucleus of the general library of the University of Michi- 
 gan was a collection of about 3,700 volumes purchased in 1840. 
 The books were selected in Europe by Dr. Asa Gray, then Professor 
 of Botany and Zoology in the University. Unfortunately, the 
 money at the disposal of the Regents admitted of but few addi- 
 tions to this small number of volumes in the course of the next 
 ten years. 
 
 On the arrival of President Tappan, however, attention was 
 called to the meagre condition of the library; and in accordance 
 with his recommendation regular appropriations were made for its 
 increase. In 1856 Mr. John Tappan, son of the President, was 
 appointed Librarian; and in the course of the same year the library 
 was removed from its crowded quarters in one of the small rooms 
 of the South College, to the ample accommodations then afforded by 
 the lower story of the Museum. 
 
 It was not, however, until after the increasing demands for space 
 in the North College had driven the library to its present quarters 
 in the Law Building, that its educational power was fully developed. 
 This transfer took place in 1863. In the following year the Kev. 
 Andrew Ten Brook was appointed Librarian, an ofiice which he 
 continued to hold until 1877, when he was succeeded by Mr. Ray- 
 mond C. Davis, formerly an Assistant Librarian in the same library. 
 
 Two important changes were introduced during the administra- 
 tion of Mr. Ten Brook, in order to make the library more completely 
 accessible to students. In the first place the room was opened for 
 use in the evening as well as in the day time. Of still greater im- 
 portance was the preparation of a card catalogue on what is known 
 as the Harvard plan. It consists of two parts, one comprising a 
 list of the names of authors alphabetically arranged, together with 
 the titles of such of their works as may be in the library; the other 
 an index of subjects and a reference to all the works in the library 
 
318 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 which treat of the subjects named. This latter branch of the 
 catalogue is so comprehensive as to include not only the volumes 
 treating of special subjects, but also all the articles of importance 
 in the reviews and magazines. The catalogue consists of nearly 
 100,000 cards, so arranged as to be consulted by the student with 
 the greatest ease. The library is regularly open for the use of 
 students from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., and again from 7 to 9:30 p. m., ex- 
 cey>t during vacations, when it is usually closed in the evening. 
 
 The general library contains at the present time about 27,000 
 volumes, besides somewhat more than 7,000 pamphlets. In addi- 
 tion to these should be mentioned some 95 American and European 
 periodicals kept regularly on file. The amount appropriated for 
 the general library by the Eoard of Regents varies from year to 
 year from $1,500 to $3,000. As this amount has to cover the pur- 
 chases of books as well as of periodicals it falls far short of the 
 demands of the various departments of study. These demands are 
 rapidly increasing. It is confidently believed that no other uni- 
 versity library in the country is more used by students than is our 
 own. The number of works drawn by students alone, according to 
 the most recent statistics, extending through a week of no unusual 
 literary activity, averages as high as 278 per day. On Saturdays 
 the number reaches usually as high as 350, exclusive of papers and 
 periodicals furnislied to the reading-room by students themselves. 
 
 From these statistics, which evince an extraordinary interest in 
 the library, it will be justly inferred that the additions made from 
 year to year by the Regents are altogether inadequate to the de- 
 mands made upon it. The library has indeed been selected with 
 unusual care. But there is a pressing necessity that it be speedily 
 increased. Perhaps no other want of the University is so impera- 
 tive; certainly no other one appeals more invitingly to private 
 munificence. 
 
 Besides the general library, which is open for the use of all tlie 
 departments, the professional schools have libraries of a more spe- 
 cific and technical nature. The Law Library contains about 3,500 
 volumes and is open to students about 10 houi-s daily. That of the 
 Medical Department contains about 1,500 volumes, besides the files 
 of 22 medical journals. The Literai-y Societies connected with 
 the Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts— two in num- 
 ber — have collected libraries of about 3,000 volumes. The Christian 
 Association has also a library of well selected works numbering 
 about 1,000 volumes. 
 
 In the aggregate, the number of volumes accessible to students 
 in the various libraries of the University is about 36,000. 
 
 As early as 1837, the Board of Trustees of the University ap- 
 pointed a committee to consider and report upon the best methods 
 of procuring a library and a cabinet of natural history. In the 
 following year the committee reported, and advised the Board that 
 the Baron Lederer collection of minerals, consisting of about 2,600 
 very choice specimens, could be procured for $4,000. The Board 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 319 
 
 appropriated the money, and the purchase was made. This collec- 
 tion was the beginning of the present general Museum. 
 
 In the course of the same year provision was made by the Legis- 
 lature for depositing in the University the specimens that might 
 be collected by the State Geologist and his assistants. The survey 
 of the State had been entrusted to the verj^ efficient superintendence 
 of Dr. Ilonghton; and this eminent gentleman with the assistance 
 of Dr. Sager as zoologist and Dr. Wright as botanist, brought to 
 the University a collection of unusual value. The specimens thus 
 accumulated furnished at once excellent means of studj'ing the 
 geolog}', mineralogy, zoology and botany of the State. The cabinet 
 was transferred to the University as a permanent possession by act 
 of the Legislature in 1846. 
 
 The collections in the various branches of natural history thus 
 early begun have steadily increased until the present time. Subse- 
 quent survey's in the State by Prof Winchell and others have greatly 
 enriched the collection in every department. The museum is also 
 greatly indebted to the enterprise and generosity of alumni and 
 other friends of the University and of science. The most impor- 
 tant of these additions was made in 1879, when the whole of the 
 collection made by Professor Steere in the course of his five years' 
 explorations in South America, Formosa and the East Indies became 
 the property of the University. This rich collection consists of about 
 25,000 insects, 1,600 shells and 8,000 birds, besides other repre- 
 sentatives, amounting in all to about 10,000 entries. Numerous 
 purcliases have also been made bj' the Board of Pegents. 
 
 It will be impossible in this connection to trace the growth 'of 
 this important portion of the material outfit of the University. It 
 will perhaps be sufficient to indicate in the briefest outline possible 
 the present condition of the Museum. 
 
 The geological collection embraces a complete series of lithologi- 
 cal and palseontological specimens, brought together by the different 
 surveys of the State. Of the fossils in this collection more than a 
 hundred have become types of original descriptions. To this series 
 the White collection added 1,018 entries and 6,000 specimens; and 
 the Pominger collection about 2,500 entries and 6,000 specimens, 
 the latter being exceedingly interesting and valuable as illustrative 
 of the Mesozoic formations of Central Europe. The Smithsonian 
 Institution has also placed in this department of the museum an 
 interesting collection of specimens of foreign and domestic stones 
 as well as a collection illustrating the fossils of the Upper Missouri^ 
 General Custer has presented an interesting collection of fossils 
 from the Yellow stone valley. In addition to the legitimate pro- 
 ducts of the surveys, four cases of specimens illustrating the met- 
 alliferous regions of the Upper Peninsula were placed in the 
 museum by Prof. Winchell. The entire cabinet for the use of 
 students of geology and mineralogy contains about 14,CO0 entries 
 and 41,000 specimens. 
 
320 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The zoological collection is somewhat more extensive than the 
 geological. It contains a complete set of the birds which visit 
 Michigan; a nearly complete set of the mammals of the State; aad 
 also a nearly complete set of the reptiles found east ot the Eocky 
 Mountains. There are also in the collection 2,000 species of mol- 
 lusca, embracing all the land and fresh-water forms of the Northern 
 and Western States. The Trowbridge collection, made on the 
 Pacific coast, added to the museum 1,856 entries; and the Smith- 
 sonian deposit contributed 535 entries of fresh-water and marine 
 shells from the same region, besides about 200 birds from the Arctic 
 zone. The Ames collection of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera consists 
 of about 5,000 specimens; and the cabinet for the special illustra- 
 tion of comparative anatomy, of not less than 250 species with 
 1,000 specimens. But the most important contribution ever inade 
 to this branch of the Museum consists of that collected by Dr. J. 
 B. Steere in South America and the islands of the East Indies as 
 above indicated. The zoological collection as a whole contains 
 about 23,250 entries and somewhat more than 110,000 specimens. 
 
 The botanical collection embraces not only specimens of all the 
 plants of the State, numbering about 1,175 species and 15,000 
 entries, but also numerous collections from other parts of the world. 
 The Houghton herbarium contains 28 folio cases, and about 1,800 
 species of labeled plants brought together from various portions of 
 the country. The Sager herbarium, of 1,200 species and 12,000 
 specimens, was collected partly in the Western States, but chiefly 
 in New England. The Ames herbarium consists of no less than 
 7,000 specimens and 10,500 duplicates; and the Adams Jewett col- 
 lection embraces 2,500 species and about 5,000 specimens. Profes- 
 sor Harrington has added to the museum 2,000 species; Captain 
 Dall, an interesting collection of Alaskan plants, Professor Keinsch, 
 250 species of mosses, from Central Europe; Mr. Horace Averill, 
 408 species of alg«; Mr. J. G. Leinmon, 460 species of California 
 plants and 60,000 specimens; Mr. S. S. Garrigues, about 3,000 
 specimens of plants from Germany. Professor Steere's collection 
 adds to the museum some 2,500 specimens of South American and 
 East Indian ferns. The entire collection for the illustration of the 
 science of Botany embraces about 10,000 species, 20,000 entries and 
 70,000 specimens. 
 
 The Geological, Zoological, and Botanical cabinets together are 
 estimated to contain about 60,000 entries and 255,000 specimens. 
 
 The Cabinet of Arcbseology and Relics contains various articles 
 of domestic and warlike use among the aboriginal inhabitants of 
 North and South America, and among the Islanders of the South 
 Pacific. This embraces a large collection of pottery and other 
 articles illustrative of the habits ot' the Ancient Peruvians, as well 
 as specimens of clothing, art, military weapons, etc., of the Ama- 
 zonian Indians, the modern Pei-uvians, the Alaskans, the Formosans, 
 the Chinese, and the inhabitants of the Philippine Islands. To 
 this collection, largely made by Professor Steere, have been added 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 321 
 
 sundry relics from the islands of the Pacific by the Smithsonian 
 Institution. The Department of Agriculture at Washington has 
 also contributed a collection of textile fabrics and various substi- 
 tutes for cotton. 
 
 The Cabinet of History and Fine Arts was begun in 1855. The 
 first purchases for this department of the Museum were made in 
 Europe by Professor Frieze, acting under a special commission of 
 the Board of Regents. The articles procured at that time were 
 chiefly plaster casts of antique statues, engravings and photographs 
 illustrating the various departments of Grecian and Roman art. 
 In 1862, Professor A. D. White received a similar commission 
 from the Board. This resulted in the purchase of numerous arti- 
 cles for the collection, the most important of which were in bronze. 
 About the same time, an association in Ann Arbor bought and 
 
 S resented to the University a marble copy of the Nydia by Mr. 
 landolph Rogers. The Museum at present comprises a gallery of 
 casts, in full size and in reduction, of the most valuable antique 
 statues and busts; a gallery of somewhat more than 200 reductions 
 and models, in terra cotta, of statues, portrait busts, and other 
 materials in the principal European museums; a gallery of engrav- 
 ings and photographic views, executed in Italy and Greece, illus- 
 trating the architectural and sculptural remains of Rome, Pompeii, 
 Paestum, Athens, and Corinth; the Horace White collection of 
 about 900 portrait medallions illustrative of mediaeval and modern 
 history; about 450 casts from antique gems; a collection of copies 
 in plaster, marble and bronze, of several of the most important 
 works of Michael Angelo, Canova, Thorwaldsen, and Randolph 
 Rogers; and, finally, a collection of engraved copies of many of 
 the great masterpieces of modern painting, beginning with the age 
 prior to Raphael. The catalogue of the Cabinet of History and 
 Fine Arts contains about 1,985 numbers. 
 
 Connected with the University there is also an important 
 Museum of Anatomy and Materia Medica. Tlie valuable collec- 
 tion made by Professor Ford in the course of many years of scien- 
 tific labor, has become the property of the University. It is made 
 up of materials for the direct purpose of the most successful teach- 
 ing of the science of medicine, especially of thU'Se branches of it 
 which pertain to the study of anatomy and physiology. 
 
 This portion of the Museum embraces a collection of bones 
 designed to illustrate healthy as well as diseased conditions, also 
 the various changes from infancy to old age. It contains numerous 
 skulls, teeth and other preparations by which the structure and the 
 various stages of both temporary and permanent teeth are illus- 
 trated. The arterial preparations embrace complete and partial 
 dissections, exhibiting the arrangement of vessels in health and in 
 disease. Models in wax, papier inache and plaster illustrate the 
 various parts of the body in a normal as well as an abnormal con- 
 dition. Thei-e is also a valuable collection, prepared by Professor 
 Sager, illustrating the comparative craniology, neurology and 
 
322 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 embryology of the Vertebrata. The collection of monstrosities, 
 both single and double, is unusually full and valuable. The mate- 
 rials illustrative of Materia Medica consist of a very complete set 
 of crude organic medicinal substances, embracing between 500 and 
 600 specimens. These were imported from Paris, are put up in 
 glass jars of uniform appearance, and are arranged according to 
 their order in natural history. Besides these, the collection contains 
 aboiTt 1,000 other specimens of mineral and vegetable substances 
 and preparations, arranged in groups for tlie convenience of the 
 student. In addition to the Medical Museum proper, whicli con- 
 tains in the aggregate several thousand specimens, the department 
 is abundantly supplied with plates, photographs, models, prepara- 
 tions, and apparatus for the purpose of illustrating the various 
 studies of the medical course. 
 
 One of the most prosperous portions of the University has been 
 the Chemical Laboratory. This important part of the educational 
 facilities here afforded has grown up in response to the active and 
 increasing demands of the students for instruction in applied chem- 
 istry. Under tlie superintendence of Professor Douglas, who was Di- 
 rector of the Laboratory from its beginning until 1877, it grew from 
 a very humble commencement to be one of the largest and most per- 
 fectly equipped in the United States. The building was begun in 
 1855. It was enlarged in 1861, in 1867 and again in 1873. But 
 even these extensive additions were not enough to supply the de- 
 mand. An additional story to the entire building was erected in 
 18S0, and it is believed that its facilities for the study of chemistry 
 are not now exceeded by those of any laboratory in the world. 
 
 A very important adjunct of the University, and one which has 
 reflected especial honor upon it, is the Astronomical Observatory. 
 President Tappan, in his inaugural address, delivered December 
 21, 1852, showed how advantageously private munificence might 
 supplement the endowment of the University; and expressed the 
 hope that friends might be found who would be willing to erect an 
 astronomical observator3\ On the evening of the same day, the 
 Hon. H. N. Walker, of Detroit, called upon the President and ex- 
 pressed a wish to do something for the University in accordance 
 with the suggestions of the address. Dr. Tappan entered into a 
 discussion of the matter with great interest, and the interview re- 
 sulted in an appointment to meet the friends of the enterprise a few 
 days later at tlie Michigan Exchange in Detroit. 
 
 At the meeting held in accordance with this appointment, on the 
 29th of December, President Tappan unfolded his project, and with 
 most encouraging results. Seven thousand dollars were subscribed 
 on the spot, to be paid within aj'ear, on condition that $10,000 be 
 raised. The whole was to be expended under the direction of the 
 President, for the erection and furnishing of a buildiu"', to be 
 known as the Detroit Observator\', to be forever connected with the 
 University. The plan at first proposed con teni plated simply a tele- 
 scope, with a building sufficient for its accommodation; but the 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 323 
 
 unexpected liberality with which the project had been received 
 induced Dr. Tappan to enlarge his purpose so as to embrace noth- ' 
 ing less than the erection and equipment of a complete astronomi- 
 cal observatory. Mr. Walker and other friends of the enterprise 
 encouraged the President to proceed upon this basis. Accordingly 
 in the February following Dr. Tappan, in company with Mr. 
 Walker, visited New York, and soon afterward made a contract 
 with Mr. Henry Fitz to furnish an achromatic refracting tele- 
 scope. The instrument was to be inounted in Ann Arbor on or 
 before tlie first day of June, 1854, and was to be in size second only 
 to the great refractors at Cambridge, Mass., and at Pulkowa, in 
 Kussia. The price to be paid was $6,150. 
 
 It seemed exceedingly desirable that the other equipments of 
 the Observatory should be correspondingly extensive. But the 
 amount already subscribed would not allow of so liberal and ex- 
 tensive a plan. The generosity ot Mr. Walker, however, encouraged 
 the President to go forward. As the latter was on the point ot 
 visiting Europe, the former placed in his hands the means to 
 purchase a meridian circle of the largest and most expensive kind. 
 
 Tn Europe, President Tappan, after visiting the principal observ- 
 atories in England, France and Italy, reached Berlin, where he 
 became acquainted with the distinguished astronomer, Encke, and 
 his assistant. Dr. Brlinnow. In accordance with the recommenda- 
 tions of these gentlemen, he employed Messrs. Pistor and Martins, 
 of Berlin, to construct the meridian circle, and Mr. Tiede to con- 
 struct an astronomical clock. The instruments were made under the 
 direction of Messrs. Encke and Briinnow, and to the entire sadsfac- 
 tion of the astronomers. 
 
 While these instruments were in process of construction, the 
 Kegents purchased about five acres of ground on an eminence com- 
 manding an unobstructed view of the horizon in every direction, at'a 
 distance of about half a mile from the University grounds. On 
 this eminence was constructed the Observatory, in accordance with 
 plans and specifications furnished by Prof. Bull, of New York. 
 
 As the buildings and instruments wei'e approaching completion, 
 it remained to procure the services of an astronomer competent to 
 undertake the direction of the Observatory. The neglect which the 
 science of astronomy had suffered in America seemed to render it 
 necessary to look abroad for someone fitted to undertake this duty. 
 Dr. Briinnow, who had so earnestly and disinterestedly exerted him- 
 self in supervising the construction of the instruments, appeared to 
 the President to be the best person for the position. This selection 
 received the cordial and unanimous approval of the friends of the 
 enterprise, and accordingly Dr. Briinnow, was unanimously elected 
 Director of the Observatory and Professor of Astronomy. He ac- 
 cepted the position, and, arriving at Ann Arbor in July, entered at 
 once upon the labors of his oflice. 
 
 In due time the building was completed for the reception of the 
 instruments. The equatorial telescope was mounted upon a central 
 
324 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 pier* which has a foundation 15 feet below the surface and arises 
 in the form of a truncated cone about 40 feet above. The instru- 
 ment is covered by a hemispherical revolving dome 23 feet in 
 diameter, with an opening 18 inches wide extending from the 
 horizon to the zenith. The east wing of the building was devoted 
 to tlie meridian circle and its accompanj'ing instruments. The 
 refracting telescope has a clear aperture of 12f inches, and a focal 
 length of 17 feet 8 inches. It is supplied with a complete outfit of 
 eye-pieces, micrometers and shades. The observer is also furnished 
 with a chronograph, with Bond's new isodynamic escapement for 
 recording observations by the electro-magnetic method. On the 
 completion of the Observatory it was regarded as one of the most 
 perfectly equipped in the country. 
 
 A further subscription to liquidate the debt incurred in its con- 
 struction was raised in Detroit; and again, in 1865, about $5,000 
 were contributed by the citizens of Detroit and Ann Arbor to erect 
 a' dwelling-house for the use of the Observer. 
 
 It is a satisfaction to be able to record that the generosity of the 
 donors of the Observatory has been exceedingly fruitful of scientific 
 results. Under the efficient direction of Dr. Brlinnow, the Observ- 
 a,tory immediately took very high rank in the scientific world. In 
 addition to the work of giving instruction to University students, 
 the Director was able to carry on numerous scientific researches, 
 which received the most gratifying recognition. Dr. Brlinnow pub- 
 lished an important work on Spherical Astronomy, besides the 
 Tables of Flora and the Tables of Victoria, in addition to very nu- 
 merous articles in the Scientific journals of Europe and America. It 
 is perhaps not important to give the title of the papers published, 
 but during the first two years of the active operations of the Ob- 
 servatory the number of these was no less than twenty-six. 
 
 In 1858, Mr. James C. Watson, the first pupil of Dr. Brtinnowin 
 the University, and a graduate of the class of 1857, was appointed 
 Assistant Observer, and in 1859, Professor of Astronomy. On the 
 permanent retirement of Professor Brlinnow in 1863, Mr. Watson, 
 on the recommendation of many of the first astronomers of the 
 country, was chosen his successor, as Director of the Observatory 
 as well as Professor of Astronomy. This position he continued to 
 fill until 1879, when he tendered his resignation, to accept of the 
 Directorship of the Washburn Observatory at the University of 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 During Prof. Watson's Directorship of 16 years, although he was 
 only 25 years of age at the time of his appointment, the list of dis- 
 coveries and contributions made by him form a record which would 
 give permanent fame to any observatory. 
 
 The generous contributors to the fund for the building and equip- 
 ment of the Detroit Observatory may well be proud of its record; 
 for under the able directorship of Dr. Brtinnowand Dr. Watson it 
 has taken position among the first in the world. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 325 
 
 We here bring our sketch of the University of Michigan to a 
 close. Its history has not been unvarying or monotonous. "We 
 have seen something of difficulties and triumphs; but, in conclud- 
 ing our narrative, it is a satisfaction to reflect, that if the former 
 show that a State university is no less subject to perils than are 
 institutions resting upon other foundations, the latter afford abun- 
 dant demonstration that tliese perils may be overcome. The 
 history of the University of Michigan goes far to prove, if 
 indeed it does not prove conclusively, that higher education, no less 
 than the education afforded by the common schools, may be safely 
 and satisfactorily conducted by the people of an intelligent State. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, by Prof. Adams, a short description 
 of some of the main buildings, as they now stand, will not be out of 
 place. A list of the graduates from Washtenaw county is also 
 appended. 
 
 In securing the location of the University for Ann Arbor, its 
 history would not be complete without reference to the men who 
 donated the ground on which the buildings are located. They were 
 William R. Thompson, William S. Maynard, Charles Thayer, E. 
 W. Morgan, each of whom gave one-fifth, and Augustus Garrett 
 and Daniel B. Brown, one- tenth each. The entire donation was 
 40 acres. 
 
 UNIVERSITY HALL. 
 
 University Hall is located on the west side of the College Cam- 
 pus, and the entire expense of the buildings was $100,000, and is 
 the architectural designing ofE. S. Jennison, of Chicago, Illinois, 
 a former graduate of the University of Michigan. The wood work 
 of the same was under the supervision of Adolph Martin, of Chica- 
 go, Illinois. The dimensions of the hall, as furnished by the Sec- 
 retary of the University, Henry D. Bennett, are as follows: It is 
 133 by 140 feet, and is about 70 feet high from the base to the 
 frieze, with an elegantly proportioned dome 140 feet high, sur- 
 mounted by a beautiful statue of " Rogers' Michigan." The audi- 
 torium is 80 by 130 feet, and is capable of seating comfortably 
 3,000 persons. The chapel, which is located on the first 
 floor, has a seating capacity for 600. On the same floor 
 there is also a lecture room, with seatings for 400. The 
 steward's room is located in the southwest corner of the building, 
 on the same floor, and connected with which is the massive fire- 
 proof vault for the protection of the archives of the University. 
 Adjoining this is located the chancellor's room. East of the trans- 
 verse hall is the ladies' waiting room, opposite is situated 
 the faculty room; and on the same floor are two large lect- 
 ure or recitation rooms. Directly above, in the second, third and 
 fourth stories, are located, in each, three commodious class or reci- 
 tation rooms. The building is heated by John Davis & Co.'s (Chi- 
 cago, Illinois) steam-heating Apparatus, is ventilated with great 
 care, <Liid the whole is most splendidly fitted up with gas. The two 
 
326 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 wings to this massive and elegant building are each 40 by 110 feet, 
 and four stories higli. Tlie north wing was formerly used for the 
 museum. The south wing is principally for recitation rooms, liter- 
 ary societies, and Students' Christian Association. 
 
 * LAAV DEPARTMENT BUILDING. 
 
 This is situated on the northwest corner of the College Campus, 
 and is, for its general appearance, a very strong and massive build- 
 ing, three stories high. It has on the first floor a general library 
 of over 20,000 volumes, which is accessible to students and citizens 
 every day, Sundays excepted. There are also on the same floor the 
 oflaces of the President, Dean of the Law Faculty, and a moot- 
 court room. On the second floor are located tlie Law Library, and 
 a large lecture room; also the Law Professor's room. The third 
 floor is occupied by the Webster and Jeffersonian Societies, together 
 with the regular moot-court room. 
 
 LABORATORY OF CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY. 
 
 This building is unostentatious in its appearance, yet is quite 
 large, being one story and a half high, built of brick, and arranged 
 with a view to the greatest possible convenience for those pursuing 
 chemistry and pharmacy, and is beyond doubt the most extensive 
 and thoroughly equipped laboratory in the United States, if not on 
 the cojitinent. The building is healthfully ventilated by steam 
 power, is warmed by steam, and supplied with gas and water. 
 
 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT BUILDING. 
 
 This large and spacious building has two amphitheaters, each 
 capable of seating over 400 students. It is composed of two large 
 buildings, forming a " T," the principal or main structure nearl} or 
 quite square, four-stories high, while the old or original building is 
 long and narrow, and three-stories high; 
 together a verj^ fine and noble appearance. 
 
 but the two making 
 
 GRADUATES FROM WASHTENAW COUNTY'. 
 
 Literary. 
 
 1845— Goodrich, M. H. 
 
 Parmalee, George E. 
 1846 — Audrous, George P. 
 
 Becker, George L. 
 
 PeiTy, William W. 
 1848 — Norton, John Cross 
 1850— Pattison, Charles R. 
 
 Powers, Henry H. 
 1853— Becker, John P. 
 
 Cheever, Henry W. 
 
 Cheever, William E. 
 
 1855— Clark, Edward P. 
 
 Hewitt, Charles 
 
 Lane, Marcus D. 
 
 Marsh, Augustus 
 
 Schmid, Emanuel 
 
 Willits, David 
 1856— Brooks, Dastus C. 
 
 Case, V^ B. 
 
 Champion, Henry C. 
 
 Doty, Duane 
 
 Hood, Rev. Geo.W. 
 
 Rowe, Frederic 
 1857 — Gates, Loronzo M. 
 
 Watson, Jas. Craig 
 1858— Beckwith, Luther 
 
 Danforth, George M. 
 
 Graves, John 
 
 Holden, Liberty E. 
 
 Homer, John 
 
 Spence, Adam K. 
 
 Sweet, George P. 
 1859 — Parsons, Orrin 
 1860— Baldwin, Edwin E. 
 
 Pasquelle, Mark F. 
 
 Spalding, James F 
 
 Spence, Edwin A. 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 327 
 
 Wilcox, Edgar N. 
 1861— Aulls, James T. 
 
 Blair, B. F. 
 
 Cutcheon, Byron M. 
 
 Gregory, Charles D. 
 
 McdoUum, Walter 
 
 Morse, Sidney G. 
 
 Sanford, George P. 
 
 Saunders, Wm. H. 
 
 Searing, Edward 
 
 Tripp, Robert H. 
 , Wood, Joseph W. 
 
 1/ 1862— Carpenter, Roswell 
 P. 
 
 Chapman, Albert J. 
 
 Eastman, James E. 
 
 Jewett, Aaron Cone 
 
 Latson, Henr}' A. 
 
 Lovejoy, David H. 
 
 Mcher, Lewis S. F. 
 
 Uhl, Edwin-F. 
 1863— Fraser, Elisha A. 
 
 Lay, jr., Ezra D. 
 
 Slawson, Edwin R. 
 1864— Booth, William J. 
 
 Hendryx, Wm. B. 
 
 King, Zina P. 
 1865— Campbell, Gabriel 
 
 Maynard, William J. 
 1866— Becker, Fred. Wal- 
 ter 
 
 Beckwith, Sidney 
 
 Eraser, Carroll S. 
 
 Rexford, Edgar 
 
 Van Cleve, John A. 
 
 Hudson, Adolph.W. 
 
 Lawrence, JohnFul- 
 ler 
 
 Mudge, Alfred Eu- 
 gene 
 1867— Foster, George A. 
 
 Potter, Thomas M. 
 
 Taylor, David B, 
 1868— Blackburn,PrankA . 
 
 Pennell, Galusha 
 1869— Cocker, William J. 
 
 Gelston, Joseph M. 
 
 Gibson, William J. 
 
 Hall, Stephen C. 
 
 KeiT, Theodore F. 
 1870— Beman, Wooster W. 
 
 Blackburn, Julius A. 
 
 Cooley, Eugene F. 
 
 Jones, Francis W. 
 
 Matthews, Wm. F. 
 1871— Eastwood, John F. 
 
 Felch, Theodore H. 
 
 Flitcraft, Pembrook 
 R. 
 
 Fox, George T. 
 
 Gillespie, Joshua L. 
 
 Hamilton, Alexan- 
 der W. 
 
 Hudson, Preston C. 
 
 Hutchkins, Harry B. 
 
 
 Cooper, Albert M. 
 
 Knight, Earl J. 
 
 
 Felch, Frank L. 
 
 Latson, Morton W. 
 
 
 Foster, Vine C. 
 
 Phillips, Horace 
 
 
 Gott, Eward A. 
 
 Phinney, Rufus E. 
 
 
 Higby, Dennie J. 
 
 Rice, Benjamin G. 
 
 
 McDonald.James H. 
 
 1873— Barber, Austin 
 
 
 Reed, Louisa M. 
 
 Christie, James 
 
 
 Van Slyke, Charles 
 
 Cooley, Edgar A. 
 
 
 B. 
 
 Dutton, John F. 
 
 
 VoUand, Albert J. 
 
 Morton John W. 
 
 1877- 
 
 -Brown, George P. 
 
 Pendleton, Edmund 
 
 
 Gary, Herbert E. 
 
 W. 
 
 
 Cochran, Carlos B. 
 
 Reed, Homer 
 
 
 Colby, Branch H. 
 
 Rexford, Dwight C. 
 
 
 Colman, Clara M. 
 
 1873-Cocker, Henry R. 
 
 
 Comstock, Geo C. 
 
 Douglass, Samuel T. 
 
 
 Farrand, Mary E. 
 
 Fox, William H. 
 
 
 Ferdon, Ogden W. 
 
 Gelston, Henry W. 
 
 
 Goodrich, Lulu 
 
 Hayman, Wayne 
 
 
 Hall, Maria L. 
 
 Hemingway, John 
 
 
 McDonald, Ann E. 
 
 M. 
 
 
 McDougall, H. C. 
 
 King, Charles Ed- 
 
 
 Stewart, Margaret 
 
 ward 
 
 
 Woolsey, U. L. 
 
 Pattengill, Judson G. 
 
 1878- 
 
 -Allen, Daniel A. 
 
 Robinson, George F. 
 
 
 Angell, Alexis C. 
 
 Spalding, Yolney M. 
 
 
 Butts, William H. 
 
 Stewart, Charles C. 
 
 
 Colby, J. Rose. 
 
 Van Cleve, Chas.M. 
 
 
 Garner, Charles E. 
 
 Wells, Charles R. 
 
 
 ' Gay ley, Charles M. 
 
 1874— Axtell, Frank L. 
 
 
 Horton, George 
 
 Come,Robert F. 
 
 
 Knigh, George W. 
 
 FoUett, Lyman D. 
 
 
 Myrick, Harry P. 
 
 Glenn, George P. 
 
 
 Townsend, Cora I. 
 
 Hayman, Frank C. 
 
 1879- 
 
 —Ashley, Henry W. 
 
 Johnston, Theo H. 
 
 
 Brown, Hubert W. 
 
 Matthews, Don A. 
 
 
 Chandlee, Rich'd T. 
 
 Maynard, Frederick 
 
 
 Chase, John 
 
 A. 
 
 
 Coe, Frantz Hunt 
 
 Rogers, Henry W. 
 
 
 DePuy, Richard G. 
 
 Wells, William H. 
 
 
 Farrand, Fanny C. 
 
 West, Francis J. 
 
 
 Haskell, Frank D. 
 
 Wines, Levi D. 
 
 
 McMillan, Newton 
 
 1875— Burch, Charies S. 
 
 
 Mead, Frank D. 
 
 Burt, Benjamin C. 
 
 
 Pettitt, Albert S. 
 
 Cook, Emily Persia 
 
 
 Salmon, John C. 
 
 Davis, jr., Lorenzo, 
 
 
 Sherman, Warren H. 
 
 Fox, Charles. 
 
 
 Snoot, Kennett R. 
 
 Gilchrist, Charles P. 
 
 
 Lnw. 
 
 Gruber, Thomas F. 
 
 
 Harris, jr.,Charles T. 
 
 1846- 
 
 —Goodrich, Henry D. 
 
 Hutchkins, Eugene 
 
 1849- 
 
 —Kellogg, George D. 
 
 R. 
 
 1859- 
 
 -Wilcox, Oliver C. 
 
 Knowlton, Jerome 
 
 1860 
 
 — Danforth, Geo. M. 
 
 C. 
 
 
 Eaton, Peter 
 
 Piatt, Frederick A. 
 
 
 Graves, John 
 
 Rays, Herman M. 
 
 
 Miller, Charles R. 
 
 Smith, Stewart ^\. 
 
 
 Stearns, Ozora P. 
 
 Stewart, John A. 
 
 
 Twitchell, Daniel S. 
 
 Watkins, Willis L. 
 
 
 Welch, Norvell E. 
 
 Whitmore, Wells 
 
 1861 
 
 - ■ Burlingame, Jas. M. 
 
 1876— Andrews, Lucy 0. 
 
 
 Chaffee, George D. 
 
 Barry, Edmund D. 
 
 
 Gordon, William 
 
 Burt, William W. 
 
 
 Martin, William A. 
 
328 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTy. 
 
 Maynard, Edward 
 McDonald, Archi- 
 bald. 
 Parkhurst, John D. 
 Shier, jr. Charles 
 Shand, Alexander 
 Vance, Joseph H. 
 1863— Boylan, John D. 
 
 Dickinson , HiraraM. 
 Kingsley, George 
 McDonnell, Donald 
 McEvoy, Andrew 
 Shier, Daniel K. 
 Wiltsie, Wendell D. 
 "1863— Ambrose, Geo. W. 
 Bennett, William T. 
 Edmunds, jr.,Jas.M. 
 Kingsley, James 
 McKernan, Patrick 
 Miller, John L. 
 MofEatt, Seth C. 
 Taylor, Sibley G. 
 Ward, Thomas O. 
 Wood, Dunois 
 Yost, Casper Enoch 
 1864— Brown, Arthur 
 Gidley, Edwin B. 
 North, Charles E. 
 Parsons, John K. 
 Underbill, Solo- 
 mon T. 
 1865 — Barbour. Levi L. 
 Boylan, Charles 
 Cheever, Noah 
 Wood 
 
 Cramer, Densmore 
 
 Engle, Seth E. 
 
 Hill, John W. 
 
 Taylor, Roswell B. 
 
 Worden, Albert L. 
 1866— Ambrose, Jas. C. 
 
 Appleton, Edw. E. 
 
 Baldwin, Jas. C. 
 
 Price, Samuel S. 
 
 Rogers, Randolph R . 
 1867— Allen, Edward P. 
 
 Beadle, William H. 
 
 Day, Albert A. 
 
 Decker, West- 
 brook S. 
 
 Dwight, Sylvester P. 
 
 Harley, David S. 
 
 Hubbard, ThomasD. 
 
 King, Zina P. 
 
 Knight, Horace V. 
 
 Lutz, William H. 
 
 Norton, Seymour F. 
 
 Whiflen, James W. 
 1868— Cobb, George P. 
 
 Douglass, Selwyn 
 
 Gage, Lovell H. 
 
 Green, Edward H. 
 
 HarreU, William W, 
 
 Lawrence, John F 
 
 M'Donnell, Terrance 
 J. 
 
 Parker, N. Augustus 
 
 Rice, W. H. C. 
 
 Schovill, Benton H. 
 
 Slawson, Edward R. 
 
 Turner, Marshall B. 
 
 Williams, George R. 
 1869— Ball, A. Everett 
 
 Baylis, Sidney H. 
 
 Fountain, Dempsey 
 W. 
 
 Martin, James M. 
 
 McAlvay, Aaron V. 
 
 Thornton, M. De- 
 Witt C. 
 
 Turner, James C. 
 1870— Blackstock, Geo. A. 
 
 Dunlap, Fletcher W. 
 
 Goodell, Henry M. 
 
 Gregg, Ace 
 1871 — Gibmey, Morgan 
 
 Hill, Robert J. 
 
 Jar vis, Robert S. 
 
 Maltman, John S. 
 
 Palmer, Walter H. 
 
 Pierce, Gustavus D. 
 
 Steele, ValentineW. 
 1873 — Blanchard, James H. 
 
 Engle, George S. 
 
 Knight, Lucius 
 
 Mclntrye, ir.,Donald 
 
 Moore, George Wm. 
 
 Patton, Harriet A. 
 
 Tucker, John G. 
 
 Tucker, William S. 
 1873— Cook, William H. 
 
 Corkery, Thomas J. 
 
 Gault, Thomas H. 
 
 Hoffman, Edw. M. 
 
 Kelly, Malcolm 
 
 Markham, Marcus A. 
 
 Morris, Henry J. 
 
 Woodruff, Chas. M. 
 1874— Burton, Clarence M. 
 
 Eaman, James T. 
 
 Harper, Joseph H. 
 
 McKenna, Thomas 
 F. 
 
 Terry, Albert O. 
 1875— Axtell, Frank L. 
 
 Barstow, Samuel P. 
 
 Cheever, Byron W. 
 
 Coffman, Joseph C. 
 
 Cummios, Geo. J. 
 
 Depew, William E. 
 
 Dozer, David E. 
 
 Duel!, Elizabeth L. 
 
 Frueauflf, Eugene K. 
 Hayman, Wayne 
 
 Herrick, Ernest C. 
 Smith, Horace L . 
 Snell, William L. 
 
 Spencer, Chas. A. M. 
 
 Stewart, Charles C 
 Stimpson, Harry J. 
 Terhunne, Chas. A. 
 Tyler, Dean M. 
 1876— Chase, John H. 
 Coe, Lyman B. 
 Colbath, Frank H. 
 Cornwall, Judson C. 
 Drury, Wilbur F. 
 Edgerton, Addison J. 
 Poote, Franklin S. 
 Foster, Mary E. 
 Gorman, James S. 
 Harris, Ariel C. 
 Hill, Harry R. 
 Hunt, Fred A. 
 Laing, James R. 
 Mayuard, Fred A. 
 McConoughey , A. M. 
 Tinker, Clarence 
 Wade, Louis F. 
 1877— Carr, James W. 
 Foster, S. Clin 
 Gilchrist, Chas. P. 
 Gott, Edward A. 
 Griffin, Darwin C. 
 Griffin, Gerald 
 Guinon, Matthew F. 
 Jones, Francis E. . 
 Mason, Hattie 
 Pistorius, Her- 
 mann 
 Talbot, John L. 
 Wells, William H. 
 Wilson, Ariel N. 
 York, Bertrand D. 
 Young, Frank E. 
 1878— Ashley, James M. 
 Bower, B. Frank 
 Corbin, Byron J. 
 Crandall, William A. 
 Donovan, Edward 
 Hamilton, Joel M. 
 Knowlton,Jerome C. 
 Lane, Victor H. 
 Luckling, Alfred E-. 
 McDonald, James H 
 O'Reilly, William 
 Prescott, Daniel E. 
 Sleator, George H. 
 Stephenson, How- 
 ard 
 Talbot, William D. 
 Taylor, Henry G. 
 Vance, Samuel W. 
 Walker, Warren E. 
 Wanty, George P. 
 Wilbur, Smith N. 
 1879— Bliss, E. Frank 
 Fox, John H. 
 Newkirk, Henry W. 
 Smith, Clarence 
 Wanty, Henry G. 
 
^^'ffsL^^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 331 
 
 Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 1851— O'Brien, John 
 1852 — Norton, John Cross 
 1853— Arnold, Orrin 
 
 Wilkins, David 
 1854— Cole, Samuel P. 
 
 Flint, Amos L. 
 
 Taylor, Edward C. 
 
 "Waller, P. Montrose 
 
 Pratt, Alonzo J. 
 
 Rouse, William H. 
 1855 — Clements, John C. 
 
 (sorbin, G. E. 
 
 Fasquelle, Louis 
 leSii- Dean, AVilliam H. 
 1857— Button, Robert C. 
 
 Parmenter, "William 
 1858— Cox, William G. 
 
 Davis, William A. 
 
 Thomas, Daniel 
 
 Ward, Edgar B. 
 
 Winslow, E. M. 
 1859— North, John D. 
 
 Pilcher, Elisha H. 
 
 Tyler, Dean M. 
 1860— Cole, Alvin J. 
 
 Gilmore, M. R. 
 
 Voorhees, GeorgeW. 
 1861 — Barnes, George. 
 
 Prazer, William E. 
 
 Hutchinson, Wm. L. 
 
 Smith, Willard B. 
 1862 — Johnson, Archibald 
 N. 
 
 Rose, Preston B. 
 
 Schuyler, P. L. 
 
 Toole, P.William O. 
 1863— Chapin, Elijah B. 
 1864— Prescott, Albert B. 
 
 Rheinf rank, John H. 
 
 Russell, Anson. 
 
 Saunders, James 
 1865— Dean, Dexter V. 
 
 Lovejoy, David H. 
 
 Marshall, Orville. 
 
 Mather, Cyrus. 
 
 Murdock.Thoraas S. 
 
 VanRiper, Myron H. 
 1866— Brock, Chauncey L. 
 
 Burrell, Daniel A. 
 
 Campbell, Robert E. 
 
 Cheever, Henry S. 
 
 Hall, Eleazer. 
 
 Knapp, Charles E. 
 
 Martin, William H. 
 
 Maynard, William J. 
 
 Mills, Hiram R. 
 1867— Allen, Giles B. 
 
 Cheever, Byron W. 
 
 Qarlock, Alonzo W. 
 
 Guinau, James. 
 
 "V^aughn, William E. 
 
 Wines, Henry H. 
 20 
 
 1868— Davison, Edward C. 
 
 Kapp, J ohn. 
 
 Nichols, Harrison A. 
 
 O'Neil, Alexander 
 
 Scoville, Bela P. 
 
 Wilder, Flavius M. 
 
 Williams, John K. 
 1869— Carrier, Elbert E. 
 
 Champlin, Alfred H. 
 
 Cody, Charles B. 
 
 Hendryx,TrumanC. 
 
 Kelly, Edward H. 
 
 Loomis, Goodwin T. 
 
 Pratt, Willis H. 
 
 Spalding, Fred'k A. 
 1870— Titus, Charles F. 
 
 Winslow, Andrew 
 
 Witting, Nelson 
 1871— Dills, Spencer 
 
 Doane, Luigi G. 
 
 Downer, Flavius J. 
 
 Engle, Perry. 
 
 Henriques,Edw'd C. 
 
 Hobart, Marl E. 
 1873— Fasquelle, M. F. 
 
 Jones, John R. 
 
 Miller, Joshua 
 
 Owen, Frank K. 
 
 Reed, Albert H. 
 
 Romig, Samuel V. 
 
 Smith, Bowles C. 
 1873— Bessac, Henry B. 
 
 Brown, Isaac E. 
 
 Culley, John W. 
 
 Plews, Bradford F. 
 
 Watson, Edward 
 1874— Greenfield, John W. 
 
 Shepherd, CharlesW. 
 
 Stevens, William C. 
 1875— Colton, Robert M. 
 
 Durstine, Frank H. 
 
 Kelly, Louis L. 
 
 Kelley, Martin C. 
 
 Kimball, Edwin L. 
 
 Post, Justin E. 
 
 Sanford, George E. 
 1876— Emery, John M. 
 
 Georg, John 
 
 Lee, John 
 
 Stocking, Jerome D. 
 
 Stockwell, Sarah F. 
 
 TeiTy, Will Gaylord 
 
 Traver, Richard C. 
 1877— Curry, John F. 
 
 Healey, Ada J. 
 
 Hoagland, Mary L. 
 
 Maclean, Alex. C. 
 
 Mitchell, Eliza 
 
 Reed, Wilbur Fisk 
 
 Russell, William 
 
 Schuyler, Randall 
 
 Smith, S. W. 
 
 Totten, Elnora A. U. 
 
 "Volland, Sophia 
 
 Woodruff, Lettie H. 
 1878— Barnard, Jennie 8. 
 
 Barnard Jerome W. 
 
 Corwin, Richard W. 
 
 Decker, Emma A. 
 
 Decker, Wilhemus 
 
 Ely, William B. 
 
 Jackson, Victor H. 
 
 Jones, Absalom W. 
 
 Lewitt, Adelaide 
 ■ Lyon, J. Harvey 
 
 Salmon, John C . 
 
 Sherman, Warren H. 
 1879— Allen, Charlotte 
 
 Jones, Joshua 
 
 Shurtleff, Henry A. 
 
 Smith, William H. 
 
 Stark, Alice M. 
 
 "Van Ruck, Carl 
 
 Worden, Arthur L. 
 Medicine {Homeopathic). 
 1877— Rogers, Alex. H. 
 1878— Averv, Aaron B . 
 
 Wheelook, Joel S. 
 1879— AUyn, Alvin B. 
 
 Eastman, Ann E. 
 
 Harston, Oscar S. 
 
 Winslow, Amos H. 
 Civil Engineering. 
 1861— Wood, Joseph W. 
 1863 — Robinson, Stillman 
 1865 — Donovan, William 
 1868— Wells, Milford N. 
 1875— Baldwin, Charles 0. 
 
 Parsons, Edward I. 
 1876 — Donaldson, Lewis C. 
 
 kfchaeberlie, John M. 
 1878— AUmendinger, G. F. 
 
 Hanson, John K. 
 
 Josenbauz, Timothy 
 1879— King, Bra,yton D. 
 
 Pond, Irving K. 
 Dental Surgery. 
 1876— Wright, Geo. Esbon 
 1877— Jackson, Victor H. 
 
 McGregor, Peter 
 
 Stowell, Will G. 
 1878 — Cowan, John Nor- 
 man. 
 
 Ewing, Thomas S. 
 
 Finley, Mark F. 
 
 Miller, Benjamin F. 
 Pharmacy. 
 1869— Bliss, Hale 
 
 Henning, Edward L. 
 
 Hood, Charles H. 
 1870— Qower, Arthur C. 
 
 Jones, John Robert 
 
 Newton, Wm. E. 
 
 Romig, Samuel V. 
 1871— Crampton,CharlesB. 
 
 Kelley, Martin C. 
 
332 
 
 UI8T0EY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Phillips, Daniel A. 
 1873— Boyd, James R. 
 1874— Crane, Kate 
 
 Douglaa, Samuel T. 
 
 Eastwood, John F. 
 
 Shepherd, Oscar E. 
 1875 — Tremain, Henry A. 
 
 Wells, William H. 
 1876— Morgan, James W. 
 
 Parsons, Henry B. 
 
 Roys, Herman M. 
 
 Smith, Stewart W. 
 
 Watson, Cath. M. 
 
 Whitlark, Walter J. 
 1877— Dixon, (lleason F. 
 
 Haillock, Albert A. 
 
 Young, Arthur L. 
 1878— Townsend, Perry L. 
 
 Worden, Clinton E. 
 1879— Church, William D. 
 Jensen, Paul C. 
 Wood, Lewis N. 
 
 Mining Engineerinrj. 
 
 Boss, Clarence M. 
 1878 -Mann, Eugene G. 
 1879— Wood, E. Fred. 
 
 STATE NOEMAT. SCHOOL. 
 
 The question of establishing a normal school in Michigan was 
 considered by the Legislature of the State, and an act passed dur- 
 ing the lirst session of 1849, appropriating 25 sections of 
 " Salt Spring Lands" toward the support of the institution. A 
 committee of Superintendents was appointed under the act, of 
 whom Hon. Samuel Eristow was made chairman, for the purpose 
 of selecting a location and the erection of suitable buildings for 
 the school. With characteristic liberality, the- citizens of Ypsi- 
 lanti raised the sum of $13,500, and offered a tract of land for its 
 location at this point. Their offer was accepted in 1851, and the 
 committee partaking somewhat of the zeal and enthusiasm of the 
 citizens of the city, commenced the work of erection of a 
 building, and in the fall of 1852 reported it complete. 
 
 The State Normal School is located on the plateau west of the 
 Huron. The building is of brick, tastefully painted, and a model 
 of school architecture. The area of each floor is 100 by 58 feet; 
 there are three floors above the basement, the first of which is di- 
 vided into model-room, reception-room, recitation -room, and library. 
 The second and third floors are devoted to school-rooms. 
 
 THE FIEST BOAEDS 
 
 comprised 0. S. Jackson, A. S. Welch, A. C. Eogers, and J. 
 M. B. Sill, on the Board of Teachers; Chauncey Joslyn, Isaac E. 
 Grary, and G. O. AYhittemore, on the Board of Control, with Lt. 
 Gov. Fenton, State Treasurer B. C. Whittemore, and Superintend- 
 ent Sherman as ex-officio members. 
 
 DEDICATOEY GEEEMONIES. 
 
 The dedication of the building to the cause of education took 
 place October 5, 1852. The exercises were of a religio-literary 
 character of a most pleasing nature, and proved a prelude to the 
 general good order which has marked the progress of the State Nor- 
 mal School. The faculty of this institution for 1880-1 is composed 
 as follows: — Dr. iVlcVicker, Principal, Charles FitzRoy Bel 
 lows, M. A., C. E., Lewis McLouth, M. A., Daniel Putnam, M 
 A., Jos. P. Vroman, M. A., Austin George, M. A., August Lode- 
 man, Frederick H. Pease, EuthHoppin, M. A., Helen Post, Fanny 
 E. Goff, and Elizabeth I. Coates. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 VARIOUS THINGS. 
 THE PATRIOT WAR.* 
 
 It will be remembered by the pioneers of Michigan, and not 
 only by them, but by all others, of that time along the frontier 
 line between t!\e United States and Canada, that daring the 
 winter of 1837-38, occurred what was known as the " Patriot 
 War." The object of this war was understood to be a revolution 
 that should separate the British possessions of Canada from the 
 mother country that they might erect themselves into sovereign 
 and independent States. 
 
 In consequence of the financial crash and hard times then prevail- 
 ing there were many adventurous, reckless and idle persons in the 
 States who took part with the Patriots. The anxiety that grew out 
 of our Revolntionary war and the war of 1812, toward the British, 
 may have slumbered, but was not forgotten, and it took but little to 
 awaken that old feeling. It was revived along the whole length of 
 the frontier, and was not confined to our side only; it was fnlly re- 
 ciprocated by our loyal neighbors. At that time, as it may be 
 now, there were many half-pay English military officers who would 
 have hailed a war between the United States and England as a God- 
 send to them •,for in that event they would be restored to active service 
 on full pay and stand their chances for promotion. The hostile 
 feeling had reached such a degree of intensity that General Scott 
 was ordered to the frontier with troops. The steamer Carolina, 
 that was supposed to be in the service of the Patriots, was captured 
 in the Niagara river by the British forces, and sent over the falls 
 and it was supposed with part of the crew on board. The Patriots 
 had at that time a considerable force on Navy island. A rocket 
 brigade was stationed at Windsor. Occasional musket shots were 
 fired from Windsor into Detroit, and a correspondence was opened 
 between the authorities on each side with a view to stop this reck- 
 lessness. • The late Adjutant General John E. Schwartz conducted 
 the correspondence on the part of Michigan. Pie read it to the 
 writer of this paper. 
 
 "About this time I visited Detroit, stopping at the National 
 Hotel, as the Russell House was then called, and before I had time 
 to warm myself I met Col. Smith, then a member of the Legislat- 
 ure, from Monroe county, who invited me into tlie back parlor, 
 
 * A paper read by Gen. Edward Clark, of Ann Arbor, at a meeting of the Pioneer 
 Association held at Ypsilanti, March 6, 1878. 
 
 r333) 
 
334 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 under orders from the Governor to march down the Detroit river 
 and break up the encampment of Patriots in the neighborhood of 
 Gibraltar, a small village near the month of the river, and drive 
 them away. I had also an order, addressed to the late Col. Sling- 
 erland, to muster his (the 5th) regiment from which to recruit my 
 compan}' by volunteers, if possible, or by draft. The Colonel 
 issued his orders and did his duty, but so strong was the sympa- 
 thy in favor of the Patriots and against the English, that not over 
 thirty men out of about 600 composing the regiment obeyed 
 the colonel's order. Of course I was obliged to report ray 
 inability to report the company ordered. My recollection is that 
 Colonel Smith made a similar report and the encampment re- 
 mained undisturbed. 
 
 "The leaders of the Patriots had organized a secret society 
 known as Hunters, with lodges in every village along the frontier. 
 They had their secret signs, grips and pass-words, and were sworn 
 to secrecy. A large proportion of the able-bodied men were 
 Hunters, that is, members of Hunters' lodges. I mention these 
 facts to show the state of public feeling with regard to the Patriot 
 war and the reason that Gov. Mason could not furnish the neces- 
 sary force to march on the Patriot encampment and disperse the 
 force there encamped. Before the close of navigation an expe- 
 dition was organized by Brigadier General Theller, of the 
 Patriot service, for the purpose of capturing Fort Maiden. He 
 embarked in the sloop Ann, and when she arrived off the fort was 
 fired into and her rigging so cut up that she became unmanageable 
 and drifted ashore. The General and Colonel Dodge (I believe his 
 name was) and the crew were taken prisoners. That winter a land- 
 ing of a Patriot force was made on the Canada shore above 
 Windsor, and a battle fought which proved disastrous to the invad- 
 ers. Another battle was fought at Point au Pelee, where the 
 Patriots were victors. From these facts it can be seen that the 
 magazine was ready and needed but a spark to explode it, — that is, 
 to involve the country in war. 
 
 "When these events were taking place, but before the fight at 
 Point au Pelee, General Sutherland, of the Patriot army, made his 
 appearance at Ann Arbor in full uniform and posted hand-bills 
 notifying the public that he would address them at the court- 
 house on the subject of the Patriot war. The court-room was 
 filled and the General was listened to with respect and attention. 
 Before the meeting dispersed a committee was appointed to wait 
 on the General at his quarters, to confer with him. The writer 
 was one of that committee. The committee called on the General 
 that evening at his room, and spent an hour or two with him. 
 From Ann Arbor he went to Manchester to address the good peo- 
 ple of that village. His object was to get men and means to carry 
 on the war. A short time afterwai-d T received a package of 
 where I met Gov. Mason, who ordered me back to Ann Arbor to 
 raise a company of militia and report to Col. Smith, who was then 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 335 
 
 papers from the General. Among them were enlistment rolls and 
 a long letter. He wished me to join the Patriot army and raise a 
 battalion of men for the Patriot service, but ostensibly as vohin- 
 teer militia, hold elections for commissioned officers as directed by 
 the militia laws of Michigan, and apply to Governor Mason for 
 commissions. He said that as I was a personal and political 
 friend of the Governor there would be no difficulty in getting the 
 commissions. This accomplished, 1 was to put myself and battal- 
 ion under the orders of the General, and as soon as the Detroit 
 river was frozen over so as to make a passage safe, he would give 
 me an order for arms, ammunitions, blankets etc., and he would 
 direct when and where the invasion should take place. I confess 
 to a complete surprise, — more, I was astonished. We were almost 
 entire strangers to each other; we had never met except at Ann 
 Arbor, and then only for an hour or two, and knew nothing of 
 each other's antecedents. During the visit of the committee at the 
 General's room I endeavored to draw him into a conversation upon 
 military subjects, tactics, history etc., but he evaded it, and I 
 formed a small opinion of his military capacity or knowledge. 
 And when he divulged to me, an almost entire stranger, his plan of 
 operations, I lost confidence in him as a military leader. I re- 
 membered of reading an anecdote of Washington who was asked 
 by an intimate friend and true Whig what his plan of campaign 
 was. Washington asked, ' Can you keep a secret? ' ' Yes, General. ' 
 ' So can I,' was the response. When the Legislative committee vis- 
 ited General Jackson and demanded of him his plan for the 
 defense of JS^ew OrleHns, he raised a lock of hair from his head and 
 said, 'Gentlemen, if I supposed this lock of hair knew what was 
 passing in my brain on that subject, I would cut it off and bnrn 
 it.' 
 
 " I have described the feeling along the dividing line between 
 the States and Canada. 1 remember that Sutherland said that one 
 of his principal objects was to involve the two countries in war 
 with each other. Doing this he would attain the height of his 
 ambition. I believe there would have been but little difficulty in 
 enlisting the number of men to fill the four companies required, 
 and it seemed plain to me, that after receiving our commissions, 
 and before the ink of the Governor's signature was fairly dry on 
 them, Sutherland would have ordered a forward movement at a 
 place where we would have been met by an overwhelming force 
 and been compelled to surrender. I could come to no other con- 
 clusion than that Sutherland was false to the cause he pretended to 
 espouse. If we had been taken prisoners, of course we would have 
 claimed the treatment of prisoners of war. This may have been ac- 
 corded to us in consideration of our commissions and we not have 
 been hanged as Cunningham, Linn, Lount and others were. If the 
 invasion had taken place, that might have been regarded by our 
 Canadian neighbors as a commencement of hostilities on the part 
 of the United States and as a sufficient justification for the Rocket 
 
336 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Brigade to open on Detroit and burn it. At that time there were 
 no troops there except the Bradj Guards, an excellent company of 
 volunteer militia of less than 100 men. What the consequences 
 would have been if Sutherland's order had been obeyed others may 
 infer. I remembered that Sutherland told me that lie had called 
 meetings and made speeches through Oakland county as he had in 
 Washtenaw. My duty seemed plain and simple, and I lost no time 
 in going to Detroit with this package of papers. I found the Gov- 
 ernor in his office in the old capitol, and as soon as we were left 
 alone I told him my errand and laid the papers before him. He 
 read them attentively and arose from his chair and walked the 
 office for some minutes without uttering a word. It was plain to 
 be seen that a storm was brewing. At length it burst out in lan- 
 guage more forcible than polite, — too forcible for me to repeat in 
 this paper. My impression was that if Sutherland had been 
 present he would have felt the weight of the Governor's arm. A 
 more angry man I have seldom seen. After the engagement at 
 Point au Pelee occurred, Sutherland, under the pretense of joining 
 the victorious Patriots at the Point, attempted to pass Fort Maiden 
 with a horse and cutter on the ice and was captured bysome of the 
 garrison of the fort, which he probably intended to be, and with 
 Theller and Col. Dodge was held as a prisoner until the spring 
 opened, when the three were taken to Quebec and confined in a cell 
 in one of the fortresses there. Theller and Dodge made their 
 escape from the prison, and, after returning, Theller told me that 
 on their journey down, which was by private conveyance (there 
 were no railroads then), he and Dodge were confined in jails nie-hts 
 but Sutherland was entertained at hotels. On reaching their prison, 
 the three were shut up in the same cell for awhile, but so strong 
 were their impressions that Sutherland was in British pay and a 
 traitor to the Patriot cause that they laid plans to get rid of him. 
 They believed him a spy on them; they found him a coward and 
 so worked upon his fears until he was removed. After Theller and 
 Dodge had the cell to themselves they applied themselves to work 
 and effected their escape and returned to Michigan. The Canadian 
 struggle for national independence was unsuccessful. 
 
 "Another expedition was ])lanned at Detroit for the capture of 
 Fort Maiden, and was to sail from that city under the command of 
 a general from Cleveland. It had been ascertained that the garri- 
 son was lodged in the Queen's warehouse at the foot of the wharf, 
 and the officers quartered at hotels in the village of Amherstburg, 
 and that at night there was but a small force on guard at the fort. 
 Three steamboats were to be employed, and when they arrived off 
 the fort one boat was to lay across the head of the wharf, and the 
 other two one on each side; one party should march directly to the 
 fort and take it; the second should capture the garrison in the ware- 
 house; and the third should capture the officers. This was to be 
 done in the night. And however feasible the plan was, it was 
 hinted that the General lacked the nerve to undertake it. It was 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 33Y 
 
 like tlie ' cause,' a failure. After the escape of Theller and Dodge, 
 Sutherland was set at liberty without trial and without punishment, 
 proving further that he was a traitor to the patriots. He wandered 
 to the far West, to the verge of civilization, and after a few years 
 died." 
 
 WILD-CAT BANKS. 
 
 In the year 1835, Samuel W. Foster and John Holden, of Scio, 
 in Washtenaw county, applied to the Bank of Michigan in Detroit, 
 for a loan of money to buy wheat to stock their mill. The bank 
 could not accommodate them but referred them to a broker doing 
 business in the basement of the bank building, where they found 
 money if they would submit to a "shave." On their return home 
 they conceived the plan on which the "wild-cat" banks were got 
 up. Foster showed the plan, and a petition to the Legislature for 
 the law under which the banks were created, to the writer. The 
 bill passed with but few dissenting votes. Our fellow citizen, 
 Hon. Alpheus Felch, thenEepresentative, Robert Purdy, of Wash- 
 tenaw, John Almy, of Kent, and Isaac Monfore, of St. Clair, were 
 the four who voted against the bill. The basis of the banks was a 
 small per cent, of the capital in specie and the redemption of the 
 bills to be secured by mortgage bn real estate. Very soon after 
 the passage of the law, banks sprang up all over the State, and 
 their bills were as plenty as blackberries. In this county there 
 was one in Ann Arbor, called Miller's Bank of Washtenaw, situat- 
 ed on the north corner of Brown street and Broadway, in the fifth 
 ward, of which Charles Thayer was president, and it is believed 
 that it was the only one ot the whole batch in Michigan that was 
 conducted honestly and paid all its indebtedness. 
 
 Another was started at Lowell. The reader may ask, Where is 
 Lowell? Why, on section 32, in Superior, on the Huron river, a 
 mile or thereabouts below Geddes'. saw-mill. Another at Ypsi- 
 lanti, one at Saline, one at Manchester and one at the Village of 
 Sharon. In some cases where the stockholders had not enough 
 land of their own, they mortgaged a piece of Uncle Sam's just to 
 piece out with. Fortunes were made in a few months. New cities 
 and villages sprang up as fast as surveyors could plat them, and 
 large, splendid topographic maps of them with contemplated rail- 
 roads, hotels and mills, large parks were dedicated for public use, 
 great names were given to the streets and avenues; and after all a 
 stranger would need a guide to find them. In Washtenaw we had 
 our Boston, Newport, Saratoga of Michigan, Windham and Sha- 
 ron. Where are they? The plats of them are on record in the 
 Eegister's office. Men built tine houses, furnished them hand- 
 somely, and set up their carriages and lived sumptuously. Hon. 
 Alpheus Felch was appointed Bank Commissioner. He wns known 
 to be honest, and a man that could not be swerved from an honest 
 discharge of his duty, and the bank officers attempted sharp prac- 
 tice, Specie boxes were procured and filled neai'ly full with oM 
 
338 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 scrap iron from a blacksmith shop, which was covered with specie) 
 and JVTr. Commissioner was asked to take the mint count as marked 
 on the box, bnt he was not caught so easily. The boxes were 
 turned over and emptied on the floor and the fraud exposed. An- 
 other trick was tried. The banks clubbed together and procured 
 specie sufficient for any one bank, and while the Commissioner was 
 making his examination he was inquired of what bank he intended 
 to examine next. When that was ascertained, the specie which 
 had been hastily repacked, was loaded into a wagon and hurried off 
 to the bank indicated. But the Commissioner was too sharp for 
 them. While the specie was going in one direction, Mr. Commis- 
 sioner had changed his mind and took another. When he was 
 expected at the " Farmers' Bank of Sandstone" he was at the 
 " Farmers' Bank of Sharon." When he was expected in Calhoun 
 county he was in Lenawee county. The country was running wild 
 with speculations. Farmers left their fields untilled, the mechanic 
 his shop, the merchants their counting-rooms, the lawyers their 
 offices, and even women left their homes and plunged deeply into 
 fortune-making. Prices of everything were inflated; every one 
 was rich (in imagiaation). The "Specie Circular" was issued and 
 the bauble was stabbed, it collapsed, and lo, it was but a bubble. 
 Prices fell with accelerated motion, fortunes vanished as if by 
 magic. Those who had set up their fine carriages were compelled 
 to dispose of tliem as best they could, or the sheriff did it for them. 
 Ninety-nine in a hundred of the speculators were left without a 
 dollar and many debts hanging over them. 
 
 Congress came to the aid of the fallen with the general bank- 
 rupt law, and a large number paid their debts by availing them- 
 selves of it. Those who remember those days know that the mania 
 was not confined to Michigan, nor chargeable wholly to the wild- 
 cat banks beyond the boundaries of our own State. 
 
 TEMPERANCE. 
 
 In every stage of the world's progress, intoxication has existed 
 to a greater or less extent, and the reformer has exercised his influ- 
 ence to prevent its spread or to eradicate the evil entirely. In the 
 first half of the present century but few large distilleries existed, 
 while every neighborhood must have its "still." Anew settle- 
 ment was no sooner formed than an enterprising individual would 
 erect his still and commence the manufacture of whisky, pure and 
 unadulterated. The surplus corn of the country could be used in 
 no other way, at least such was thought to be the case. The first 
 issue of tlie Wester)i Emig7'ant, published at Ann Arbor in 1829, 
 contained the advertisement of a distillery, while every merchant 
 advertised whisky as one of the specialities of his store. The 
 whisky -jug was thought an indispensable help in the harvest field, 
 or at house-raisings, log-rollings and corn-huskings; nor was the 
 decanter, with its exhilarating contents, generally wanting at social 
 
HlfiTOEY OF T%-ASHTENA^ COUNTY. 38 & 
 
 gatberiDgs. Liquor bought by the gallon, and even by the barrel, 
 was kept in the household for daily use. Before partaking of 
 breakfast, the glass was passed around to give an appetite. When 
 bittered with some herb or drug, it was used as a sovereign remedy 
 for most of the ailments flesh is heir to, and often as a preventive. 
 Liquor being one of the specialties in the early country stores, 
 some merchants were wont to treat their customers, especially 
 when making large bills, and often previous to purchasing in order 
 to sharpen their appetite for trading. Happily, these habits have 
 become obsolete among the better classes of society, and it is hoped 
 will never be revived. 
 
 While intemperance largely exists, it is evident that it has greatly 
 decreased within the present generation. According to population 
 there are not as many drunkards, nor is there as much liquor con- 
 sumed as a third of a century ago. This leads to the further dec- 
 laration that can well be substantiated, that the efforts put forth by 
 temperance people in times past have not proven a failure. Tliat 
 organizations have flourished for a time and then ceased to exist 
 prove nothing. These organizations were but human instrumen- 
 talities brought forth by the necessities of the hour, their design 
 being to accomplish a certain purpose then apparent. It is not to 
 be expected that they will be as enduring as the hills, or so strong 
 that " the gates of hell shall not prevail against them." If they 
 accomplish a good work for the time being, well and good. If it 
 is found there is a radical defect in their organizations necessitat- 
 ing a change, let it be made, and let it not be imagined because 
 they are detective and have not accomplished all the good their 
 most sanguine supporters anticipated, that nothing has been done. 
 All over the country can be found sober, honest and good men, 
 who, but for the efforts put forth by the members of some temper- 
 ance organization that has ceased to exist, would now fill a drunk- 
 ard's grave. 
 
 Whisky was generally sold for cash — all other goods on credit. 
 Of course it was not expensive, as a good quality could be purchased 
 for two or three shillings a gallon. Occasionally some impecuni- 
 ous persons, desiring to go on a spree, having no money, were 
 required to resort to their wits to procure the liquid fluid. A good 
 story is told of a crowd who were so situated. One of their num- 
 ber got a jug and, filling it about half full of water, went to a 
 grocery and called for a quart of whisky, remarking that some of 
 the boys wished to have a little fun, but didn't have quite whisky 
 enough. The whisky was drawn, and the man picked up the jug 
 and started for the door, without saying a word about paying for 
 it. The proprietor told him to come back, as whisky was cash. 
 The man said he had no money. "Well, you can't have the 
 whisky then," was the reply. Appearing mad, the man stepped, 
 back, and with an oatJi, told the proprietor to take his old whisky. 
 The quart was drawn out of the jug, when it was again taken to 
 the public well and more water put in. A second grocery was 
 
340 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 visited, another quart of whisky was drawn and emptied back. 
 Again he went to the well for more water, and a third place was 
 visited, and a half gallon was called for, poured in the jug and 
 drawn oif. The man appeared mad, but it was just what he 
 desired to be done, so he left the third place with a half gallon of 
 as good whisky as the merchant had poured back in his barrel 
 from the jng. This was a first-class article, and the boys were 
 thus afforded a rare chance for a good drunk, after the most approved 
 style. 
 
 AltJiough the whisky of that early day was said to be pure, yet 
 it would "make the drunk come;" men would become shiftless 
 from its continued use; houses would be neglected; heart-broken 
 and sorrowing wives, ragged and hungry children, existed, and all 
 from the use of rum. 
 
 The first steps taken to arrest this evil in Washtenaw county 
 was in tlie winter of 1829-'30. The following notice appeared in 
 two successive issues of the Emigrant, under date of Dec. 22 and 
 29: 
 
 Public Meeting. — There will be a meeting of the citizens of Dexter [ the township 
 of Dexter, which embraced all the territory west of Ann Arbor], at the house of 
 Samuel W. Dexter, at % o'clock p. m., on tlie first day of the New Year, to take into 
 consideration the best method of arresting the destructive use of ardent spirits. 
 
 About the same time meeting were held at Ann Arbor and va- 
 rious other places throughout the county, and a temperance pledge 
 was circulated, receiving numerous signatures. The warfare against 
 intemperance was now here begun, and to the honor of the first 
 movers in this glorious work, they began at the bottom. They did 
 not believe in temporizing with the evil. It was right or it was 
 wrong to partake of intoxicating liquors. There was no middle 
 ground to occupy. 
 
 Meetings were held with more or less frequency until the time 
 of the Washingtonian movement, in 1841, when a revival of inter- 
 est was had and the old wheel-horses returned to the charge. Many 
 at this time were induced to sign the pledge. The good work 
 resulting from this movement can never be estimated. In turn, 
 have the Sons of Temperance, the Temple of Honor, and the Grood 
 Templars pursued their work in this county, each in its way, doing 
 great good. 
 
 EAILEOADS. 
 
 If the in\entor of steam as a propelling power and of the loco- 
 motive as a means of transportation could be permitted to return 
 from the " better world " and view the net work of railroads now 
 extending all over the land, penetrating even the remote countries 
 of the east where we are wont to associate all travel with the camel 
 and ass, their minds would be filled with astonishment. The 
 Yankee mind was quick to seize upon the idea of the inventor, and 
 railroads were at once projected in various parts of the Union. The 
 
IlISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 341 
 
 Territory of Michigan, though possessed of a population of but 
 a few thousand souls, soon took steps to secure the building of' a 
 road through from Detroit to Lake Michigan. In 1831 the Detroit 
 & St. Joseph railroad, or Central railroad, was chartered, with 
 a capital of $1,500,000. The road was to run directly through this 
 county, and through the villages of Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti and Dex- 
 ter. It had been commenced and was in progress, when in 1837 the 
 State purchased the road and chartered rights of the company and 
 completed it to Ypsilanti in January, 1838. The Gazetteer of 
 Michigan, published in the fall of 1838, says of this road: "There 
 were at last date four locomotive engines in operation, five passage 
 and 10 freight cars. The business was increasing upon the means 
 of transportation. The average weekly receipts for the six or eight 
 weeks previous to the first of July, was about $2,500. Up to the 
 24th of May, 4,500 persons had been transported from Detroit to 
 Ypsilanti, mostly emigrants, 1,600 to intermediate places, making 
 6,100. The road is constructing from Ypsilanti to Ann Arbor, and 
 will be completed by the first of October, 1838." 
 
 Notwithstanding expectations, the road was not completed to 
 Ann Arbor until 1839, and to Dexter on the 4th of July, 1841. 
 
 The first public railroad meeting in Washtenaw C(mnty was held 
 at Ann Arbor, Sept. 3, 1834. Over $400 was raised to pay the 
 expenses of a survey across the Territory from Detroit to St. 
 Joseph. Another meeting was held Dec. 6, 1834, and a resolution 
 passed favorable to the presentation of a petition to Congress to aid 
 in the construction of the road. 
 
 On the 5th of December, 1835, a meeting was held and a com- 
 mittee appointed to solicit subscriptions to the capital stock of the 
 road. David Page, Edward L. Fuller, William K. Tliompson, 
 Charles Thayer, and James Kingsley were appointed said commit- 
 tee. The subscription received was authorized to be paid on the 
 following conditions: 1. That a reasonable portion of the officers 
 of said company shall be located in the village of Ann Arbor, or 
 vicinity. 2. That the road shall be commenced at the village of 
 Ann Arbor the «ame time as at Detroit, and the amount of sub- 
 scriptions here obtained to be expended in the construction of the 
 roadfrom Ann Arbor east. These conditions were never complied 
 with by the company. 
 
 Oct. IT, 1839, the road was completed to Ann Arbor. For weeks 
 previous arrangements were in progress for a grand celebration of 
 the event. A committee of 20 had the arrangements in charge, 
 and everything possible was done to make the occasion one long to 
 be remembered. Says the Western Emigrant of Oct. 23, 1839: 
 
 " Last Thursday was a proud and happy day for Ann Arbor. 
 Although the people ,of Michigan have great cause to complain 
 of the outrageous inefficiency of those heretofore entrusted with the 
 building of this road, and of the procrastination of the event which 
 thousands finally had an opportunity of celebrating in an appropri- 
 ate manner, yet all party feeling was now checked by common con- 
 
342 msTOEY OF washtenaw county. 
 
 sent, and all were disposed to forget the delay in the general 
 rejoicing and conviviality of the occasion. A more lovely day never 
 dawned. Our Indian summer, as was anticipated, reigned in all 
 its softness and deliciousness. All was gaiety and delight. People 
 came from all quarters, to witness the arrival of the cars for the 
 first time at our new and beautiful depot, and to aid our citizens in 
 the reception and entertainment of their civil and military guests. 
 At noon the cars arrived, bringing upward of a thousand visitors 
 from Detroit. They were met at the depot by the committee of 
 arrangements, who welcomed them through the Hon. James Kings- 
 ley, in a brief but appropriate speech. George C. Bates, Esq., on 
 behalf of the common council of Detroit, made a felicitous reply, 
 after which the procession formed and marched through the princi- 
 pal streets to the court-house square, where a splendid banquet had 
 been prepared by Messrs. Clark and Petty, of the Exchange. Here 
 the Brady guard pitched their tents, and a general interchange of 
 good feeling between them and the Waslitenaw guards followed. A 
 detachment of the Pittsfield volunteer corps came in, and we should 
 infer from their soldier-like appearance that the whole company 
 would have been, as they were, an acquisition to the pageantry of 
 the day. 
 
 " The dinner went off well, notwithstanding a burning noon-day 
 sun kept many from partaking. After the cloth was removed, a 
 great many enthusiastic toasts were drank, among which were the 
 following: 
 
 '■^ The first train fro7n the city of Detroit — It brings witli it a 
 long train of pleasing reflections. 
 
 " The State of Michigan — Internal improvements necessary to 
 the development of her abundant natural resources. 
 
 " Railroads and Canals — The business of months is now done 
 in a day; if they do not lengthen our years, they enable us to live 
 more in the same time. 
 
 " The Central Railroad — The Michigan link in the great chain 
 from the sea-board to the Mississippi. 
 
 " Railroads and Steam power— —A. Yankee's notion of the 
 Utile cum dulce. 
 
 ^"■The City of Detroit and the Village of Ann Arbor — Next door 
 neighbors. 
 
 " The University of Michigan — Genius aided by science, the 
 true source oi 9i}\ practical good. 
 
 " The West — The Great West — an empire in itself. 
 
 " The Valley of the Huron — Beautiful by nature, a ^tpath for a 
 beautiful trade. 
 
 " Woman — Cupid's locomotive. 
 
 " Oity of Detroit — The commercial emporium of Michigan; its 
 prosperity is identified with the general interests of the State. 
 
 " By George C. Bates, Esq., in behalf of the city of Detroit— 77ie 
 Village of Ann J.rJcir —Appropriately selected as the literary 
 emporium of tliis beautiful peninsula. May the streams of learri- 
 
IIISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 343 
 
 ing and science gush from the surrounding hills, as from the seven 
 hills of the Imperial City, refreshing and purifying the whole land. 
 
 "The company broke up about three o'clock, and the citizens of 
 Detroit generally returned in the cars that afternoon, gratiiied, we 
 doubt not, with their visit." 
 
 At Dexter, a celebration was also held in honor of the event. The 
 road was pusiied on to Jackson, where it ceased building operations 
 for a time, and in 1846 it was completed to Kalamazoo. It was 
 now sold by the State to the Michigan Central Railroad Company' 
 for $2,000,000. 
 
 In 1836 the Palm3'ra & Jacksonburg railroad was chartered. 
 Its route lay through Tecumseh, Clinton, and Manchester to Jack- 
 son. This line afterward passed into the hands of the Lake Shore 
 & Michigan Southern railroad, and is now operated as the Jack- 
 son Branch of that road. It enters the county on sec. 32, tp. 4 S. of 
 range 4 east, and running north and northwest enters township 4 
 south, of range 3 east, running west passes out of the county from 
 section 6, same township and range. The road has but one station 
 in this county — Manchester, a flourishing village in the town of 
 Manchester. 
 
 During the same year in which the Palmyra & Jacksonburg 
 railroad was chartered, the " Monroe & Ann Arbor " and the 
 " Ypsiknti & Tecumseh " roads were also chartered, but neither 
 of which was ever built. 
 
 The Detroit, Hillsdale & Indiana railroad was projected shortly 
 after the war, and completed through this county in 1870. It starts 
 from Ypsilanti, running through the towns of Ypsilanti, Pittsfield, 
 Saline, Bridgewater and Manchester, with stations at Saline, 
 Bridgewater and Manchester. The road runs west to Hillsdale, 
 where it connects and runs in conjunction with other roads west 
 and seuth. 
 
 Tho Toledo, Ann Arbor & Northern railroad was discussed 
 many years before any successful effort was made in finishing the 
 work. It was completed from Toledo to Ann Arbor in 1878. 
 
 The Detroit, Howell & Lansing, now the Detroit, Lansing & 
 Northern railroad was projected in 1868, and was completed 
 through the northeast part of the town of Salem in 1870. This is 
 the only part of the county touched by the road. In the construc- 
 tion of the road, aid was solicited from the towns along its route. 
 At an election held in Salem, the inspectors declared the proposi- 
 tion carried donating to the company $20,000. The legality of this 
 act was doubted by some, resulting in a lawsuit, which reached the 
 Supreme Court, that body deciding adversely to the railroad. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILriNGS. 
 
 The first public building erected in Washtenaw county was for 
 the confinement of violators of the law, and was built on a lot of 
 
344: HISTORY OF WASHTENAW 00X7NTT. 
 
 ground donated by E. W. Rumsey for that purpose, and ever since 
 known as the " Jail Square." A local writer thus speaks of this 
 old jail and its first occupants: 
 
 "About the year 1829, the citizens of Ann Arbor and vicinity 
 contributed, each according to his ability, some timber, lumber, 
 work or other materials necessary for the construction of a building 
 that would answer for a county prison. Such an edifice was built 
 on the ' old jail square, ' with rooms for the jailor and one cell. The 
 cell was made of timber 'bents.' The shoulders of the posts of 
 each bent projected over the ends of the timbers of which the floor 
 was made. Heavy oak planks were spiked on the walls and floor. 
 The door was made of timber. At the next term of the county 
 court after the jail was built. Judge Dexter, the presiding judge, 
 ordered the grand jury to visit the jail and inspect it, and report if 
 in their opinion it was suitable for the purposes for which it was 
 constructed. 
 
 '■ Quite a number of the jurymen had served as grand jurymen 
 before, and being of genial dispositions, and loving a little fun 
 when there was nothing else to do, framed a set of by-laws which 
 imposed lines for various offenses, such as being absent at roll-call, 
 etc., payable in beer. Every member who had not served as a 
 grand juryman, or held office in a grand jury, was made to pay his 
 initiation fee. When the order for visiting and inspecting the jail 
 was received by the foreman, Col. Orrin White, and made known 
 to the jury, it was voted that they should form in a body and 
 march in double file, led by the foreman and secretary (Gen. Edward 
 Clark, of Ann Arbor) under the supervision of the oificer in 
 charge. His vote was obeyed. On arriving M the jail the cell 
 door was thrown open and the foreman and secretary stepped in, 
 when, the door was closed upon them and locked. Tlie merry faces 
 of the ' old ones ' were at the diamond hole and the question asked, 
 ' Do you see a gallon of beer each?' Little notice was taken of 
 this at first, but finally the required beer was promised, the door 
 was unlocked and the balance of the jury came in, but not until 
 after a plan had been agreed upon by the two prisoners. While 
 the others were inspecting, the foreman and secretary quietly 
 moved around the cell toward the door, and before their object was 
 suspected they were outside and the door closed and locked. Once 
 more the question was asked, ' Do you see a gallon of beer each?' 
 When the fine was promised, the door was opened. The report of 
 that jury to the court was, that the jail was worthy of the accept- 
 ance of Washtenaw county. No prisoner ever escaped from it 
 only ' by due process of law. ' Israel Branch was the first jailor of 
 the county." 
 
 The Old Court- House. — Several years had passed after the or- 
 ganization of the county before steps were taken for the erection 
 of a court-house. In the winter of 1833, the Legislative Council 
 passed an act enabling the Board of Supervisors to issue the bonds 
 of the county and levy tax for their payment at maturity. lu 1834 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 345 
 
 the building was erected, and for fourty-four years served as the 
 temple of justice, when it became too small and unsuited to a 
 wealthy and growing county, and so gave place to the elegant 
 structure that now ornaments the public square. A lithographic 
 view of the old court-house appears elsewhere in this work. 
 
 The New Gourt-Mouse. — The question of building a new court- 
 house was long considerd by the people of the county, and espe- 
 cially those living in the city of Ann Arbor, before any definite ac- 
 tion was taken by the Board of Supervisors. The old court-house 
 had for years been considered a disgrace by the people, but the 
 fear of taxation had prevented any steps being taken for the erec- 
 tion of a new one. 
 
 In 1876, the Common Council of the city of Ann Arbor passed 
 a resolution, offering to donate the sum of $20,000, in addition to 
 her regular tax, upon condition that the county would vote $40,- 
 000, the whole to be used in the erection of a court-house. At the 
 December meeting of the Board of Supervisors, in 1876, the 
 Board passed a series of resolutions, setting forth that the court- 
 house then in use had by reason of age and use become dilapidated, 
 inconvenient, uncomfortable, unhealthy' and unsafe for use; that the 
 records and documents of the several county ofSces were exposed 
 and liable to be destroyed by fire; that the Compiled Laws of the 
 State (page 225, section 446) explicitly declare that each organized 
 county should provide a suitable court-house; that the city of Ann 
 Arbor, having generously offered to donate a large amount of the 
 necessary sum, it was the opinion of the Board that the public in- 
 terest and safety, and permanent preservation of the important rec- 
 ords and documents of the several county offices demand the early 
 erection of a new court-house, with fire-proof vaults attached to the 
 offices of county clerk, register of deeds, judge of probate and county 
 treasurer. 
 
 The question of authorizing a loan of $40,000 was submitted to 
 the people at the spring election in 1877, and carried. Plans and 
 specifications were tiiea advertised for, and one furnished by G. 
 W. Bunting, of Indianapolis, was adopted. The committee, ap- 
 pointed by tlie Board of Supervisors for that purpose, then adver- 
 tised for sealed proposals for building, and on the 28th day of June, 
 1877, met at the old court-house, in Ann Arbor, to consider the 
 proposals. Ten contractors made bids ranging from $56,879 to 
 $73,500. The committee adopted the bid of McCormick & Swea- 
 ney, of Columbus, Indiana, on account of representations as to 
 their responsibility and character as builders, though not the low- 
 est by $31. The work was immediately commenced and rapidly 
 pushed forward to completion. 
 
 LAYING THE COENEE-STONE. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid with imposing ceremonies at Ann Ar- 
 bor, Thursday, Oct. 25, 1877. The day was very pleasant, and soon 
 
346 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 after seven o'clock people commenced to arrive, and continued so- 
 till time for tlie procession to move. The city of Ann Arbor wa& 
 decked out with streamers extending from roof to sidewalk, and the 
 stars and stripes floated proudly over many of tlie buildings. About 
 11 o'clock a procession was formed, and the number swelled by 
 several hundred of tlie University students, which, after march- 
 ing through several of the principal streets, lialtedat the northeast, 
 corner of the court-house, where the stand from which the speak- 
 ers delivered their addresses was located. 
 
 Judge E.Lawrence, President of the day,opened the exercises by 
 stating the object of the meeting, and then called upon the Ann 
 Arbor band for a piece of music, after which the Rev. Dr. Cocker 
 delivered a most impressive prayer. 
 
 President Lawrence then arose and said, that as he had been 
 connected with the new building, he would make a few remarks 
 pertaining thereto. He said he had been connected with the old 
 court-house for 41 years, and had come to Washtenaw county 
 when it contained but five towns, and had been identified with it 
 ever since; that he considered it, physically, as an old county, and 
 second to none in the Northwest, for which he felt proud. lie re- 
 ferred to the many criticisms he had been subject to, as being the 
 overseer of the work, and said that he used to think grumblers and 
 fault-finders the meanest, most contemptible men on God Al- 
 mighty's earth, but had become older and changed his mind, and 
 considered that it was the searching criticisms of these men that 
 caused the progress in civilization. They constantly found fault 
 with everything, thus exposing the weak points when they are, from 
 the pressure of such influences, constantly forced forward. He then 
 alluded to the many trials he had been called upon to bear, and 
 then said it was impossible to have made as solid a wall of stone as 
 they did of brick, that where large bowlders were placed, the tend- 
 ency would be to crack the wall placed upon them; that the foun- 
 dations ot the ancient buildings, which had stood for 5,000 years, 
 were of brick, and that this ought to be long enough to sat- 
 isfy the most particular. In conclusion he said, that 40 years 
 ago he had raised money by subscription to level the ground 
 around the court-house, build a fence, and plant trees, but now was 
 in favor of cutting them all down and having a smooth green with, 
 fountains at each corner of the building. 
 
 Col. Burleigh then read two letters, one from Governor Cross- 
 well and one from Judge T. M. Cooley, regretting their inability 
 to be present. He then read the contents of the box placed in the 
 corner-stone, which is as follows: 
 
 The Ann Arbor Courier, Michigan Argus, Ann Arbor Register, 
 Detroit Post &x\d Trib uiie, i\\e 'Detroit Free Press; Catalogue of" 
 Michigan University; Medical College announcement; Historical, 
 sketch of Michigan University; The Chronicle, No. 1, 1877; Medi- 
 cal and surgical announcement, 1877-'78; University Palladium,. 
 1876; Catalogue of Museum of the University; The Michigan. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 349 
 
 Almanac, 1877; Circuit Court calendar, fall term, 1877; Cata- 
 logue of Michigan State Normal School; Proceedings of Board of 
 Supervisors, 1876; Constitution, etc., of Ann Arbor Scientific 
 Association; Catalogue of Ann Arbor public school; Proceedings 
 of Michigan Publishers' Association ; photographs of the old court- 
 house; Programme of the day; large posters of the day; photo- 
 graphs of the workmen on the court-honse; charter, etc., of Ann 
 Arbor city; Constitution, etc., of Ann Arbor Schuetzenbund; Con- 
 stitution, etc., of Ann Arbor Arbeiter Verein; poetry on the old 
 court-house, by Mrs. Pierce; copy of the report of the court-house 
 building committee; blank bond for the city of Ann Arbor for 
 court-house; Michigan State Gazetteer. 
 
 After some mnsic, Channcey Joslin, the orator of the day, arose, 
 and said he had never, in a life of 64 years, delivered but one 
 oration, and that was when he was 16 years old, on the subject of 
 "Universal Education and Universal Ta.xation," and that tiie senti- 
 ment it contained was so universally condemned, that he promised 
 himself never to repeat it; that he had offered $5 to get out of the 
 ■job, but his offer had been rejected. The many associations with 
 which he was bound to the old court-house caused him to be 
 sad instead of joyful upon this occasion. It was in the old court- 
 house 40 years ago that he was legally born. He was admonished by 
 the lapse of years that soon he would give place to younger men, 
 which caused sober thoughts to pass through his mind. He con- 
 trasted the politicians of the early day with those then, much to the 
 discredit of the latter. Formerly a man was elected to office because 
 of his fitness, and he would commit political suicide did he solicit 
 votes. He thought the jury box one of the best schools in which 
 man could be placed to teach him human nature, and give him a 
 knowledge of the world. Ex-Governor Felch then laid the corner- 
 stone and dedicated it to justice and posterit}', amid the ringing of 
 the bells of the city and playing of the band. 
 
 The stone is located in the northeast corner of the building, and 
 is inscribed with these words: " Erected in 1877." 
 
 Speeches were then made by Prof Wells, of the law department, 
 D. Cramer and J. Webster Childs, which concluded the ceremonies 
 of the day. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING. 
 
 The new court-house is a handsome structure, 80x127 feet in 
 size, and in the main part about 54 feet in height. In the center of 
 the building is a tower which rises from the basement to a height of 
 152 feet. On each corner of the building is a small tower, between 
 each of which is a figure of justice. The walls are of pressed red 
 brick, two and a half feet thick, and are trimmed with stone, while 
 the basement walls are of stone. The walls that support the towers 
 are three feet in thickness. The roof is of slate and the cornices 
 of iron, as are also the stairs. The entire building is fire-proof, and 
 erected and furnished at a cost of $83,000. A large clock was placed 
 
 21 
 
350 HISlOJiT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 in the tower, at a coet of 1 1,000. This clock was the gift of Liitlier 
 James, for which the Board of Supervisors passed a vote of tlianks. 
 The liberality of Mr. James on this occasion will long be remem- 
 bered by the citizens of the county. 
 
 The Second Jail Building. — The first jail was arnde affair, and 
 was soon displaced by the present edifice. This building is situated 
 on North Main street, about four blocks from the court-house. It 
 is a brick structure, two stories and a half high, the front part of 
 which is used for a dwelling by the jailor, and tlie rear divided into 
 apartments and cells for the prisoners. It was erected in 1837, by 
 John L. and Kobert Davison, at a cost of $17,000. When erected it 
 was considered a handsome building, in which the citizens felt 
 a just pride, but almost a half century has passed away and it be- 
 gins to show signs of age. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. 
 
 Washtenaw county was represented for the first time in the Third 
 Legislative Council, the first session of which convened at Detroit 
 May 6, 1828, with an adjourned session July 3. The second ses- 
 sion was held Sept. 7, 1829. Henry Rumsey, of Ann Arbor, was 
 the first Representative. 
 
 James Kingsley was elected in 1830 and served as a member of 
 the Fourth Council in 1830 and 1831. 
 
 In 1831 the Territory was divided into legislative districts, 
 Washtenaw county comprising the fourth, being represented in the 
 Fifth Council by James Kingsley and George Renwick. 
 
 The Sixth Council had as Representatives from Washtenaw 
 George Renwick and Abel Millington. ^ 
 
 CONSTITDTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 
 
 The first Constitutional Convention held in this State was in 
 1835. It assembled at Detroit May 11, and adjourned June 24, 
 after completing its labors. Washtenaw county was represented 
 in this convention by Gilbert Shattuck, Abel Godard, William 
 Moore, Robert Purdy, John Brewer, Alpheus Collins, Michael P. 
 Stubbs, Richard Brower, Rufus Grossman, Nathaniel Noble, Rus- 
 sell Briggs, Grin How, Emanuel Case, Edward Mundy, Orrin 
 White. It was this convention which formed the first Constitu- 
 tion of the State. The delegates were elected April 4, 1835, in 
 pursuance of an act of the Territorial Council passed Jan. 26, 
 1835. The Constitution was adopted by a vote of the people in 
 October, 1836, there being 0,299 yeas and 1,359 nays. It remained 
 in force as the fundamental law of the State until the Constitution 
 of 1850 went into operation. 
 
 FIRST CONVENTION OF ASSENT. 
 
 An act of Congress was passed June 15, 1836, cutting off Toledo 
 and vicinity from the limits of Michigan and giving that territory 
 
HISTOEV OF WASBTENAW COUNTY. 351 
 
 to the State of Ohio. The admission of Michigan as one of the 
 States of the Union was based upon her assent to this 'transfer. In 
 pursuance of an act passed by the Legislature July 25, 1836, a Con- 
 vention was called to take action in this matter. Election of dele- 
 gates was held on the 12th of September, 1836, and met in Ann 
 Arbor, Sept. 26, and adjourned Sept. 30, after refusing to con- 
 sent to the transfer. Washtenaw county was represented in this 
 this Convention by Seth Markham, Michael P. Stubbs, Marcus 
 Lane, Ebenezer H. Conklin, George P. Jeiferies, Elnathan Noble, 
 George W. Glover. 
 
 SECOND CONVENTION OF ASSENT. 
 
 The general desire for admission to the Union by the people 
 of Michigan, caused many to be dissatisfied veith the result of 
 the convention held in December; therefore another convention 
 was called which convened at Ann Arbor, Dec. 14, 1836, and 
 adjourned the next day. The Detroit Advertiser, Dec. 16, 
 1836, says of this convention: " This voluntary assemblage of men 
 'ill their original capacity,' organized at Ann Arbor on the lith 
 instant. They adopted a resolution giving what they called the 
 assent of the State to the requisition of the act of June 15, and 
 iil)pi>u,l:ed a brace of special messengers to carry their proceedings 
 to Washington." The records of this convention are not to be 
 found in the oflBce of the Secretary of State, it not being regarded by 
 the State officers as a legal body, although by its action, and by its 
 acceptance of the Congressional terms, Michigan was admitted as 
 a State of the Union, Jan. 26, 1837, being given the northern 
 peninsula in lieu of the southern boundary line heretofore claimed 
 by the Territory and State of Michigan. Washtenavy county was 
 represented in this convention by Nelson H. Wing, Samuel Cham- 
 pion, Jr., Nathaniel Noble, Lyman Downs, James Huston, Esek 
 Fray, George W. Jewett, Solomon Sutherland, Samuel Denton, 
 Samuel B. Bradley, Elisha Congdon, Stoddard W. Twitchell, Jesse 
 Warner. 
 
 CONVENTION OF 1850. 
 
 This convention convened at Lansing June 3, 1850, and adjourned 
 Aug. 15, after the formation of the present Constitution which 
 was adopted, by a majority of 26,736. James Kingsley, Elias M. 
 Skinner, Earls P. Gardiner, Daniel Hixson, Morgan O'Brien, Will- 
 iam S. Carr and Benjamin W. Wait were representatives from 
 this county. 
 
 CONVENTION OF 1867. 
 
 A convention was called and convened at Lansing May 15, 1867, 
 to frame a new Constitution. This convention adjourned Aug. 
 22, after preparing a Constitution,which was submitted to a vote of 
 the people and rejected by a vote of 71,733 yeas to 110,582 nays. 
 
352 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Thomas Ninde, Charles 11. Richmond, Lyman D. Norris and Dan- 
 iel Hixson represented Washtenaw county. 
 
 LEGISLATURE. 
 
 Washtenaw county, since the formation of the State, has been a 
 part of various Senatorial and Representative Districts and at times 
 been ably represented by men of acknowledged ability. In the 
 limited space of this volume it is impossible to give more than the 
 names of its Representatives, which follow: 
 
 lirst Legislature. — Senate: Edward Mundy, Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor; Silas Finch, William J. Moody, Henry Rumsey. House: 
 John Brewer, Alanson Grossman, Orin Howe, R. E. Morse, Rufus 
 Matthews. 
 
 Second Legislature.— '^QX\2Xei\ Edward Mundy, Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor; George B. Cooper, William Moore, Henry Rumsey. House: 
 Orin Howe, Oliver Kellogg, Thomas Lee, Gilbert Shattuck, James 
 Kingsley. 
 
 Third Legislature. — -Senate: Edward Mundy, Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor; George B. Cooper, James Kingsley, William Moore. House: 
 Rufus B. Beraent, Walter A. Backbee, Samuel Doty, Esek Pray, 
 Orange Risdon. 
 
 Fo\i,rth Legislature. — Senate: Edward Mundy, Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor; Townsend E. Gidley, Olney Havi^kins. House: John Low- 
 ry, Caleb N. Ormsby, Lewis Allen. 
 
 Fiftli Legislature. — Senate: Townsend E. Gidley, Olney Haw- 
 kins. House: William S. Carr, Edward L. Fuller, Musuris Ken- 
 ny, Grove Spencer. 
 
 Sixth Legislature. — Senate: James M. Edmunds, Edward L. 
 Fuller, Townsend E. Gidley. House: Jacob Cook, John Geddes, 
 Eurotas Morton, Grove Spencer. 
 
 Seventh Legislature. — Senate: Edwin M. Ciist, James Kingsley, 
 House: Walter B. Hewitt, Thomas J. Rice, Orin White. 
 
 Eighth Legislature. — Senate: Henry Compton, Robert S. Wil- 
 son. House: Orin Howe, William Moore, Thomas J. Rice. 
 
 Ninth Legislature. — Senate: Edwin M. Oust, Henry Compton, 
 Robert S. Wilson. House: Henry Hall,- Chauncey "Joslyn, Micah 
 Porter, Norton R. Ramsdell. 
 
 Tenth Legislature. — Senate: John Allen, Edwin M. Oust, Sam- 
 uel Denton. House: Henry Compton, Fitch Hill, Asa Williams, 
 Thomas Wood. 
 
 Eleventh Legislature. — Senate: John Allen, Charles P. Bush, 
 Samuel Denton. House: P. C. H. Brotherson, Harvey Chubb, 
 James M. Edmunds, Orin Parsons, Darius Pierce. 
 
 Twelfth Legislature. — Senate: John Allen, Charles P. Bush, 
 Samuel Denton, Henry B. Lathrop. House: Harvey Chubb, Eb- 
 enezer C. Eaton, James M. Edmunds, Darius Pierce, George Ren- 
 wick. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 353 
 
 Thirteenth Legislature. — Senate: John Allen, Samuel Denton, 
 Nelson G. Isbell, Michael Shoemaker. House: "William Burnett, 
 Lyman Carver, James Kingsley, Edward Lawrence, Grove Spencer. 
 
 Fourteenth Legislature. — Senate: "William Finley, Nelson G. 
 Isbell, Michael Shoemaker, Dwight "Webb. House: Amos Gillet, 
 Salmon L. Haight, Benjamin "W. "Waite. 
 
 Fifteenth Legislature. — Senate: "William Finley, Nelson G. Is- 
 bell, Michael Shoemaker, Dwight "Webb. House: Julius Movius, 
 George Sedgwick, Grove Spencer. 
 
 Sixteenth Legislature. — Senate: Barnabas Case, George Dan- 
 forth. Nelson G. Isbell, Michael Shoemaker. House: Jarvis E. 
 Marvin, Aaron D. Truesdell,* "William "Warner. 
 
 Seventeenth Legislature. — Senate: Henry Hall. House: Alex- 
 ander Ewing, Salmon L. Haight, "William E. "Warner. 
 
 Eighteenth Legislature. — Senate: Charles Tripp. Plouse: Don- 
 ald Mclntyre, Charles Shier, Ezra "Whitmore, Jeremiah D. "Wil- 
 liams. 
 
 Nineteenth Legislature. — Senate: Sylvester Abel. House: 
 Amos C. Blodgett, Oliver High, James McMahon. 
 
 Twentieth Legislatxire. — Senate: Elihu B. Pond. House: Jas. 
 McMahon, Andrew Robison. 
 
 Twenty -first Legislature. — Senate: Nathan "Webb. House: Sul- 
 livan M. Cutcheon, Charles S. Gregorj^, Andrew J. Leetch. 
 
 Tioenty -second Legislature. — Senate: John J. Robison. House: 
 Hiram J. Beakes, Elisha Congdon. 
 
 Twenty-third Legislature. — Senate: James W. Childs. House: 
 James Clements, Joshua Forbes, Elias Haire, Charles Shier. 
 
 Twenty -fourth Legislature. — Senate: James "W. Childs. 
 House: Jeremiah D. Corey, John S. Jenness, Thomas "White. 
 
 Twenty-fifth Legislature.— ^en&te: Lyman D. Norris. House: 
 Orman Clark, James Kingsley, Newton Sheldon, Charles Shier. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Legislature. — Senate: Emanuel Mann. House: 
 Aaron Childs, James M. Congdon, Claudius B. Grant, Samuel 
 Post. 
 
 Twenty-seventh Legislature. — Senate: James W. Childs. House: 
 Peter Cook, Claudius B. Grant, Michael J. Noyes. 
 
 Twenty-eighth Legislature. — Senate: Jeremiah D. Corey. House: 
 Albert K. Clark, Ezra D. Lay, George Sutton. 
 
 Twenty-ninth Legislature. — Senate: John L. Burleigh. House: 
 Edward P. Allen, Ezra B. Norris, Andrew J. Sawyer. 
 
 SUPREME COURT. 
 
 The first representative on the Supreme Bench from "Washtenaw 
 county, was "\Villiara A. Fletcher, who served from 1836 to 1842, 
 as Chief Justice. 
 
 George Miles Mas elected Associate Justice in 1846, and served 
 four years. 
 
 Alpheus Felch was elected Associate Justice in 1842 and resigned 
 in 1845. 
 
354 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Edward Mundj, Associate Justice, was elected in 1848 and 
 served until 1851. 
 
 Edwin Lawrence, Circuit Judge from May 1857 to January 
 1858. (Under the constitution of 1850 the Circuit Judges of the 
 State comprised the Supreme Court.) 
 
 Thomas M. Cooley, Associate Justice from 1864 to 1868, and 
 Chief Justice from 1868 to the present time. Term expires, 1885. 
 
 NATIONAL EEPKESENTATION — CONGRESS. 
 
 Washtenaw county, on its organization was represented in the 
 20tli Congress by Austin E. Wing; in the 21st, by John Biddle; 
 22d, by Austin E. Wing; 23d, by Lucius Lyon; 25th, by George 
 W. Jones. The foregoing were Territorial Delegates. 
 
 On the admission of the State, and until 1843, Michigan had 
 but one Representative in Congress; consequently Washtenaw was 
 in the first district and represented by Isaac E. Crary, from 1835 to 
 1841, and by Jacob M. Howard from 1841 to 1843. Since the 
 latter date the county has been represented by Robert McClelland, 
 three terms; Alexander W. Buel, one term; Ebenezer J. Penni- 
 man, one term; David Stuart, one term; Henry Waldron, five 
 terms; Bradley F. Granger, one term; John W. Longyear, two 
 terms; Austin Blair, three terms; Edwin Willi ts, three terms. 
 
 MINISTER TO CHINA. 
 
 James B. Angell, appointed in 1880, with power to make a new 
 treaty with the Chinese Government. 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS PROBATE-JUDGE. 
 
 R. S. WiLson 1837-41 
 
 G. Sedgwick 1841-45 
 
 S. P. Fuller 1845-47 
 
 E. M. Skinner.... 1847-^9 
 
 Edward Clark. . . .1835-41 
 George Corselius. .1841-43 
 
 G. W. Gilbert 1843-47 
 
 T. M. Ladd 1847-51 
 
 Lorenzo Davis 1851-53 
 
 N. Mosher 1853-55 
 
 D. E. Lord 1827-31 
 
 J. T. Allen 1831-85 
 
 N. H. Ramsdell . . .1835-37 
 
 J. E, Field ,.1837-39 
 
 L. C. Goodale 1839-43 
 
 E. P. Gardner.... 1843^5 
 
 C. H. Van Cleve.. 1849-53 
 C. Joslin 1853-57 
 
 B. F. Granger.... 1857-61 
 T. Ninde 1861-65 
 
 REGISTER OF DEEDS. 
 
 W. R. Martin 1855-59 
 
 H. G. Sheldon,... 1859-61 
 
 J, R, McLean 1861-63 
 
 H. G. Sheldon . . 1863-65 
 P, Tuite 1865-67 
 
 C. Spencer 1867-71 
 
 COUNTY CLERKS, 
 
 B. King 1845-47 
 
 0. Swift 1847-49 
 
 J. C. Mundy 1849-53 
 
 James McMahon , , 1853-55 
 
 R. J. Barry 1855-63 
 
 T, W. Root 1863-65 
 
 H, J, Beakes 1865-73 
 
 N, W, Cheever..., 1873-77 
 Wm, D. Harriman,1877 — 
 
 C, H. Manley 1871-73 
 
 E. G. Schaffer, . . .1873-77 
 
 0. H, Manley 1877-81 
 
 Erastus N, Gilbert, 1881 — - 
 
 E, B, Pond 1865-67 
 
 J, L Thompson,., 1867-69 
 
 J, J, Robison 1869-73 
 
 W, N, Stevens,... 1873-75 
 
 Peter Tuite 1875-77 
 
 Everett B, Clark, ,1877 — 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COITNTT. 
 
 355 
 
 COUNTY TEEASDEEES. 
 
 L. H. Whitmore.. 1827-29 
 
 B. Farrand 1829-31 
 
 David Page 1831-39 
 
 V. Cliapin 1839-41 
 
 D. T. Mc oUum.. 1841-43 
 N. H. Wing 1843^5 
 
 O W. Moore 1845^7 
 
 S. Abel 1847-53 
 
 R. Maitliews 1853-55 
 
 S. Grisson 1855-63 
 
 Horace Carpenter. 18 3-65 
 P. Blum 1865-67 
 
 J. W. Babbitt 1867-69 
 
 P.Blum 1869-71 
 
 S. Fairchilds 1871-77 
 
 Matthew Gensley . 1 877-79 
 
 S. Fairchilds 1879-81 
 
 Jacob Knapp 1881 — 
 
 STJEVEYOES. 
 
 Orange Risdon 1835-39 
 
 R.Peterson 1839-43 
 
 J.Preston 1843-45 
 
 R. Whipple 1845^7 
 
 S. Pettlbone 1847-49 
 
 J. M. Chase 1849-61 
 
 C. 8. Woodard.... 186 1-69 
 G. S. Caswell 1869-75 
 
 Smith Wilbur,.... 1875-79 
 John K.Yocum... 1879-81 
 C.S. Woodard.... 1881 — 
 
 SHEEIFF. 
 
 W. Anderson 1835-39 
 
 James Sanders 1839-43 
 
 P. Slingerland. . . .1843-45 
 
 G. Shattuck 1845-47 
 
 E. W. Spaulding. .1847-53 
 
 N. B.Nye 1853-55 
 
 J. C. Mead 1855-59 
 
 T. F. Leonard... 1859-61 
 W. H. Pattison... 186 1-63 
 P. Winesar 1863-67 
 
 B. R. Porter 1867-71 
 
 M. Webb 1871-73 
 
 M. Fleming 1873-77 
 
 JosiahS. Case.... 1877-81 
 Edwin M. Wallace 1881 — 
 
 CIKCUIT COUET COMMISSIONEES. 
 
 C H. Van Cleve... 18 53-55 
 H. J. Beakes 1855-57 
 
 C. H. Van Cleve.. 1857-61 
 
 D. S.Twitchell... 186 1-63 
 T.LHumphreyvillel863-65 
 
 R. E. Frazier 1865-67 
 
 J. Carpenter 1865-67 
 
 S. G.Taylor 1867-69 
 
 C.Holmes, jr 1867-69 
 
 J. W. Babbitt 1869-71 
 
 S. G. Taylor 1869-71 
 
 R. Beahan... 1871-73 
 
 J. W. Babbitt 1871-73 
 
 J. F. Jjawrence. . .1873-75 
 C. H. Van Cleve. .1873-75 
 J. F. Lawrence 1875-77 
 
 J. W. Babbitt 1875-77 
 
 O.K. Whitman... 1877-79 
 Frank Emerick. . .1877-79 
 James McMahon. .1879-81 
 Fred A. Hunt. .. .1879-81 
 
 H. Stephenson 1881 
 
 PatrlckMcKernan.1881 — 
 
 PROSECUTING ATTOENEYS. 
 
 J. M. Walker 185-3-55 
 
 A. D. Crane 185.5-59 
 
 S.Abel 1859-61 
 
 A. D. Crane 1861-65 
 
 A. C. Blodgett. . . .1865-67 
 
 R.E. Frazier 1867-71 
 
 E. F. Uh) 1871-73 
 
 E.P.Allen 1873-75 
 
 R.E. Frazier 187.5-77 
 
 J. W. Babbitt 1877-79 
 
 Frank Emerick. . .1879-81 
 C. R. Whitman. ..1881 — 
 
 COEONEES. 
 
 John Allen 
 
 8. D. McDowell. 
 
 8. Lapham 
 
 E. Root 
 
 A. Brown 
 
 C.S.Goodrich... 
 R. Edmonds. . . . 
 C.S. Goodrich.. 
 G. P. Jeffries . . 
 S. 6. Sutherland. 
 
 G. Shattuck 
 
 8. G. Sutherland 
 
 T.Tate 
 
 C. S. Goodrich. . 
 T.W.Hunt.... 
 J. Hatch 
 
 D. Tyler 
 
 C. Chipman 
 
 J. Crissey 
 
 John Kapp 1875-77 
 
 Calvin F. Ashley.. 1875-77 
 
 Martin Clark 1877-79 
 
 Lewis C. Risdon. .1877-79 
 
 F.K.Owen 1879-81 
 
 W.G.Terry 1879-81 
 
 Martin Clark 1881 — 
 
 Conrad George. . . .1881 — 
 
 J. Peebles 
 
 L. L. Forsyth- 
 
 L. Foster 
 
 O. White 
 
 C. B.Cook 
 
 N. B. Nye 
 
 J. P. Jewett 
 
 S. Botsford 
 
 P. C. Murray. . . 
 
 M.Clark 
 
 P. C. Murray 
 
 L. H. Reynolds. 
 G. P. Rhodes... 
 J. G. Leland. . . . 
 
 B. Spencer 
 
 W. H.Roth 
 
 J. Rick 
 
 P. C. Murray. . . 
 W. F. Breaky. . . 
 W. Dexter 
 
356 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 CO0NTY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT. 
 
 J. D. Pierce ] George S. "Wheeler | 
 
 COUNTY DRAIN COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 J. J. Parshall ] 1). M. Finley I 
 
 COUNTY JUDUE8. 
 
 Samuel W. Dexter j O. W. Whitmore | A. Case.. 
 
 ASSOCIATE JUSTICES. 
 
 H. Compton IB. Prudy I H. Aulls. 
 
 W. R. Perry I O. Kellogg 
 
 C.Clark I C. W. Lane I 
 
 THE GERMAN ELEMENT. 
 
 The following is from the pen of Hon. Emanuel Mann, whose 
 father was one of the first German settlers in the county: 
 
 " It was in the autumn of 1829 that Frederick Schilling, of Weins- 
 berg, and Jonathan Henry Mann, of Stuttgart, in the kingdom of 
 Wlirteraberg, in South G-ennany, crossed Lake Erie together in 
 search of a new home in the Territory of Michigan. Schilling was 
 accompanied by his family, consisting of wife, son and daughter. 
 (Both son and daughter are still living at Sebewaing, Huron county.) 
 J. H. Mann left his family at Reading, Pennsylvania, with a view 
 to move in the following spring in case he found a desirable loca- 
 tion in Michigan. They were advised by Daniel F. Allmendinger, 
 also a native of Wiirtemberg, living near Dansville, New York, 
 who had visited Michigan a short time before, to go to Washtenaw 
 county, where said Allmendinger had already purchased Government 
 land in the township of Lodi. 
 
 " As there was some good Government land in the o wnship of 
 Scio, Frederick Schilling purchased 80 acres on sectiotn — in said 
 township. J. H. Mann, a tanner by trade, concluded to settle in 
 the village of Ann Arbor, and to move his family the following 
 spring. 
 
 " On his return to Pennsylvania, he wrote a letter to his brother- 
 in-law, Emanuel Josenhans, in Stuttgart, giving a very favorable 
 account of what he saw of the new Territory and the route by which 
 it could be reached by immigrants from Germany, from New York 
 via Erie Canal and Lake Erie. Mr. Josenhans circulated the letter 
 amongst the peasantry in the neighborhood of Stuttgart. The con- 
 sequence was that numerous immigration was started for Michigan 
 by a class of small farmers and mechanics who had very limited 
 means. 
 
 "J. Henry Mann with his family arrived at Ann Arbor in the 
 first da^'s of June, 1830, where he purchased a tannery of Harvey 
 Austin. Said tannery was situated at or near where the present 
 depot of the Toledo it Ann Arbor railroad is situated. During the 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 357 
 
 following summer and fall the families of Jacob Paul, Jacob StoU- 
 steimer, Carl Horming, Jacob Gross, Christian Auch and Daniel 
 F. Allmendinger settled in Scio. George Mayle, a shoemaker, and 
 Emanuel G. Wildt settled in Ann Arbor. In the winter of 1830 to 
 1831, Professor Gottlob Nordmann from Berlin, Prussia, arrived 
 with his family. Mr. Nordmann, was Professor of Mathematics in 
 a military academj' and lost his place on account of his liberal polit- 
 ical views. Mr. Nordmann moved in the spring of 1831 to Lima 
 and became a farmer. 
 
 "During the year 1S32, the following Germans arrived: William 
 F. Orins, from the Granddutchy of Hesse, who immigrated to Penn- 
 sylvania in 1825, settled in Freedom. Mr. Orins was born March 
 21, 1797, served in the Germany army against the First Napoleon. 
 He was for nine years Supervisor for the township of Freedom and 
 Justice of the Peace for 20 years. 
 
 "John Schneeberger, John Hoberger, Thomas Roth, Jacob 
 Haab, Jacob Haas and Martin Grauer settled in Freedom. xVndrew 
 Beck, with his sons, Jacob and Godfrey, David Luik, Frederick 
 Staebler, Michael Haercher, Jacob April, Frederick Laubengaier and 
 Ulrich Laubengaier, Johannes Stollsteimer, Jacob Wild, Conrad 
 Bissinge, were some of the first settlers in Scio. 
 
 " In the Slimmer of 1833, the Evangelical Mission Institute of 
 Bale, Switzerland, sent Eev. Frederick Schmid as a missionary to 
 the German Protestants in Michigan. A Church was organized and 
 incorporated as the First German Evangelical Society of Scio. Tiie 
 first church building which the Germans in the Territory erected, 
 was built by this society on an acre of land donated by Daniel F. 
 Allmendinger for this purpose and as a burying ground. Tliis 
 building is still standing about two miles west of Ann j\rbor, on 
 the so-called territorial road. 
 
 " Rev. Frederick Schmid was for many years the only German 
 Protestant minister in Michigan. Lie organized Churches in 
 Detroit, Monroe and Waterloo in Jackson county." 
 
 The foregoing were the pioneers of the German element, which 
 now constitutes at least 30 percent, of the population of Washte- 
 naw county. In point of intelligsnce, in wealth, in all that goes to 
 make up good citizens, those representing this nationality will com- 
 pare favorably with others. In every station of life, as business or 
 professional men, as office-holders, none bear a better reputation. 
 
 FIRST ENTRY. 
 
 ^ The first entry of land in Washtenaw county was made July 1, 
 1822, by Eli Kellogg, and consisted of the south part of section 9, 
 in township 3 south, of range 7 east, now lying within the city of 
 Ypsilanti. 
 
358 
 
 HISTOliT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 PEEP INTO WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 A Detroit paper, March, 1842, contained the following: 
 
 This was the fifth county organized in the State. For agricult- 
 ure, facilities for manufacturing, and beauty of country, it is not 
 exceeded by any in the State. The soil is prolific, and is generally 
 a deep, black and sandy loam and clay. Prairie, oak openings and 
 heavy timbered lands are found alternately throughout the county. 
 
 The River Hui'on, which passes through the count}' ,' has suffi- 
 cient fall to carry any amount of machinery. A competent engineer 
 informs me that the whole distance of the river affords mill sites 
 on every mile. Already there are 11 flour-mills, seven grist-mills 
 and 31 saw-mills, one plaster-mill, one paper-mill, three fulling- 
 mills, one woolen factory and two other buildings in the county, 
 besides hydraulic power, used in various mechanical purposes. 
 
 In viewing the PInron and Raisin rivers, the thought arises, of 
 what vast importance our water courses are, in producing riches to 
 our State, if they were brought into requisition with the aid of 
 machinery! But so long as the present policy of our Government 
 in reference to home productions is persisted in, we cannot expect 
 it to be used. Let us have a discriminating tariff, and before five 
 years passes away, the streams of Micliigan would be dotted with 
 manufacturing villages. 
 
 This county contains 460,800 acres, or 720 square miles. The 
 valuation in 1837 was $1,688,487. In 1840 it had increased to 
 $3,735,401.10. Owing to the excellence of the soil, it early attracted 
 the universal admiration of the settler, and before the speculating 
 fever of 1836 came on, the land in the county was mostly in the 
 hand of the actual settler, or those who intended to make it their 
 future home. Accordingly we find that eight years after it was 
 organized, 1834, the population amounted to" 14,920. In 1837 it 
 had reached 16,176, and at the census of 1840 it stood at 23,571, 
 being the second county in the State as to population. 
 
 As curiosity is always on tip-toe to know the particulars as to 
 the ages of the inhabitants of a county, especially a new one, 
 which dates but 15 years back, I subjoin the following from the 
 last United States census: 
 
 Males. 
 
 Under 5 years 3,135 
 
 5 and under 10 1,701 
 
 lOtolS 1,374 
 
 15 to 20 1,356 
 
 30 to 80 3,379 
 
 30 to 40 1,854 
 
 40 to 50 946 
 
 50 to 60 537 
 
 60 to 70 358 
 
 70 to80 74 
 
 80to90 6 
 
 90 to too 
 
 100 and upward 
 
 Fiimales. 
 
 Under 5 years 3,024 
 
 5 and under 10 1,680 
 
 10 to 15 1,344 
 
 15 to 30 1,371 
 
 30 to 30 2,046 
 
 80 to 40 1370 
 
 40 to 50 715 
 
 50 to 60 474 
 
 60 to 70 474 
 
 70 to 80 86 
 
 80 to 90 11 
 
 90 to 100 3 
 
 100 and upward 1 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 359 
 
 Here, then, we have 5,932 males above the age of 20 years in 
 the county. I^ow let us look a little to their industry and see what 
 they are all doing. 
 
 By the recent census, we find them classed as follows : 
 
 Engaged in agriculture 4,683 
 
 " commerce 101 
 
 " manufactures and trade 998 
 
 •' navigating the lakes 13 
 
 " learned professions 117 
 
 Insane 5 
 
 Blind 7 
 
 Revolutionary pensioners 9 
 
 Total 5,935 
 
 Engaged in agriculture, 4,682. What have they done? Let us see. 
 The first column will show the products, as appears by the State 
 census of 1837. The second, the United States census of 1840, but 
 gives the products of 1839. The third column, the increase in two 
 years. 
 
 1837. 1839. In 3 y'rs. 
 
 Bushels of wheat 126,663 310,324 84,551 
 
 " rye 731 2,941 2,307 
 
 " corn 122,989 330,096 98,307 
 
 " buckwheat 11,480 33,600 19,130 
 
 " barley 31,035 31,035 
 
 Total breadstuffs 361,866 486,896 226,130 
 
 " oats 203,874 284,181 80,035 
 
 It will be seen that in 1837 they produced 261,866 bushels of 
 breadstuffs, and two years afterward, 1839, they raised 486,896 
 bushels, being an increase of 286,130 bushels. It is a fair calcula- 
 tion, then, to put tliem down for last year, 600,000 bushels, or one 
 himdred andjifty hushels to each inhabitant over 20 years of age 
 engaged in agriculture, besides 284,181 bushels of oats. 
 
 OTHER STATISTICS OF 1840. 
 
 Potatoes, bushels 210,334 
 
 Value of poultry $11,324 
 
 " dairy $64,563 
 
 Tons of hay 20,573 
 
 Cords of wood sold 6,189 
 
 Pounds of wax 372 
 
 Tons of hemp or flax 5 
 
 Pounds of silk cocoons 100 
 
 One hundred and eight thousand pounds of maple sugar ! 
 
 FARM STOCK. 
 
 In farm stock, the county shows a good front, and far excels any 
 other in the State. The dairies, as you may say, have just com- 
 menced; but the amount sold last year is estimated to have reached 
 
360 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 one hundred thousand dollars. To show you the rapid increase of 
 stock, I give you the result of the two last censues: 
 
 1837. 1839. In2y'r8. 
 
 Cattle. 15,772 24,208 6,436 
 
 Horses .■ 1,726 9,619 1,893 
 
 Sheep 5,412 19,273 14,861 
 
 Swine 16,640 30, 141 13,505 
 
 Total 39,560 75,241 36,691 
 
 It maybe estimated there are now over 100,000 head of stock in 
 the county. Great attention is now given to wool growing. The 
 fleece of 1839, was 20,4T2 pounds. This year, it will reach near 
 70,000 pounds, as thousands of excellent sheep were driven into the 
 county the past two seasons. 
 
 AGEICULTUBAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The great attention given to stock has originated through the 
 exertions of their agricultural society, which was organized three 
 years since, and has already produced much good in stimulating 
 each other to honorable emulation. 
 
 The farmers owe much to the laudable exertions of their Secre- 
 tary, William S. Maynard, Esq., for its present flourishing condition. 
 I learn it has some 400 members, and is composed of the most 
 public-spirited and enterprising members of the county. Their 
 exhibitions at the last fair were an honor to the State, and should 
 receive, as well as all other similar societies in our State, aid from 
 the Legislature. Ours is strictly an agricultural State, and the 
 farmers pay nine-tenths of the taxes. But as j'et, not a single act 
 has ever been passed to encourage the development of agriculture, 
 while thousands have been squandered on worthless projects. 
 
 NURSERIES AND GARDENS. 
 
 There are two in the county, and have $15,000 capital invested 
 in them. The sales last year amounted to near $5,000, and tiiere 
 are five persons employed in them. Both establishments have 
 greenhouses attached to them. The one at Ann Arbor is owned by 
 Mr. Noble, and comprises a great variety of enticing plants. Large 
 quantities of garden and flower seeds are put up by him annually. 
 The other is located at Ypsilanti, and the Messrs. Lay are the pro- 
 prietors. This establishment comprises about 14 acres, and includes 
 all kinds of trees and plants, raising 300,000. The proprietor 
 handed me a catalogue of his establishment, and a great variety of 
 fruit trees is to be found, viz.: Of apples, 162 kinds; of pears, 180; 
 of peaches, 43; of cherries, 33; of plums, 30; of quinces, 6. 
 
 Speaking of nurseries reminds me of the great negligence of our 
 farmers in setting out orchards. There is no equal amount of 
 labor and expense that contributes more liberally to the pleasure 
 and proflts of the husbandman and his family, than that expended 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 361 
 
 in the establishment and culture of a good fruit garden. Why is 
 its culture so much neglected ? 
 
 An acre of ground will very conveniently accommodate 100 trees, 
 and can be had at the nurseries for $20; the cost of setting them 
 will not exceed SlO, and the land, $10. Total, $40. The annual 
 interest on this outlay is but $2.80. Allowing eight years for the 
 trees to come into bearing after being set out in the orchard, the 
 interest would be $22.40, which, added to the above $40, would 
 make the orchard in bearing order at only $62.40, to say nothing 
 of the profits of the grain that might be raised during the eight 
 years on the land. The produce of the orchard would be from 
 three to ten bushels to a tree; but put it at six bushels, or 600 
 bushels for the orchard of 100 trees, call the apples only 10 cents 
 a bushel, and how would the account stand? 
 
 Orchard, debtor. 
 
 One acre of land $10 00 
 
 100 trees 20 00 
 
 Setting out 10 00 
 
 Interest for 8 years 23 40 
 
 Orchard, creditor. 
 600 bushels of apples at 10 cents. $60 00 
 
 Whole cost of orchard, when ) ^gg ^q 
 arriving at bearing. j 
 
 or paying an annual interest of near 100 per cent. Now I ask, 
 what other way could this amount of mone}' and labor applied in 
 farming operations secure so large a profit on each acre of land 
 employed? If the farmer wishes a variety of fruit, and that which 
 will give him still more profit for an acre, lot him set out the fol- 
 
 lowing: 
 
 15 Cherry. 
 10 Pear. 
 13 Plum. 
 8 Apricot. 
 
 10 Peach. 
 15 Early Apple. 
 20 Winter Apple. 
 10 Quince. 
 
 MANUFAOTCEES AND TRADES. 
 
 As we before noticed, the persons engaged in this county in 
 manufactures and trades are 998. Perhaps it may be as well, if you 
 have patience, to peep into their business as it was at the recent 
 census. 
 
 Stores. — There are 85 stores in the county, and the capital in- 
 vested is $249,325. Eighty-five stores must give employment on 
 an average of two persons to each. Total persons employed, 170. 
 
 Furnaces. — -There are four cast-iron furnaces; 33 men employed; 
 capital invested, $9,000. 
 
 Beick-taed and Lime-kilns. — Several of them. The capital in- 
 vested, $14,220; give employment to 62 men, and produced in 
 value $11,685. 
 
 Hat Manufactories. — Four establishments. Capital invested, 
 $5,660; employ 31 persons, and produces in value $8,600. 
 
362 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COtrNTY. 
 
 Tanneries. — Four in operation; capital employed, $4,800; per- 
 sons engaged in them, seven; sides of leather tanned, 604. All 
 other manufactures of leather, 11; capital invested, .$20,100. Yalne 
 produced, $38,500. 
 
 Distilleries. — Five; gallons produced, 73,585. 
 
 Breweries. — Three; gallons produced, 91,184; men employed, 
 12; capital invested, $16,200. 
 
 Carriage Manufactories. — Four; men employed, nine; capital, 
 $2,200; value produced, $3,200. 
 
 Cooper's Shops. — Twenty-two; barrels made, 56,000, worth $15,- 
 000, and give employment to 60 men. 
 
 Woolen Factories. — Two; persons employed, 16; capital in- 
 vested, $23,000; amount of goods made, $10,000. Fulling mills, 
 three . 
 
 Silk. — Pounds made, five; value $25; capital, $50. 
 
 Houses erected of brick and wood, 105; men employed, 270; 
 value, $84,250. 
 
 Value of all other manufactures not enumerated, $8,390; capital 
 employed, $5,551. 
 
 Value of medicine produced, $500; one person employed; capi- 
 tal, $150. 
 
 Guns and small arms made, 35. 
 
 Total capital in manufactures, $314,555. 
 
 Flour Mills. — Eleven; amount of flour made, 62,000 barrels; 
 grist-mills, seven; saw-mills, 41; capital invested in mills, $220,000; 
 value of their products, $351,520. 
 
 recapitulation. 
 
 Capital invested in manufactures, $314,555 
 
 " mills : 230,000 
 
 " " " trade and merchiandise 349,325 
 
 Total $783,870 
 
 Here, then, in this new county, is over three quarters of a mill- 
 ion of dollars, invested in various branches of industry. The per- 
 sons engaged in them number about 1,000, and most of them have 
 families of persons depending upon them for support; which at 
 four each, amount to 5,000, which constitutes a home market for 
 the farmers to supply. 
 
 Ours is a grain -growing State. But who wants onr products? 
 England prohibits it from her shores, unless we pay her 75 cents 
 for every bushel of our grain that enters her ports, and at the same 
 time thousands are starving for it; France won't receive it; Ger- 
 many don't want it. Out of the 85,000,000 bushels raised in the 
 United States last year, England took but 3,000,000 of us, and only 
 7,000,000 went to all foreign countries. Thus it is seen that nearly- 
 all our annual production is consumed at home. But who are the 
 consumers of the surplus consumed by the grain-growers them- 
 selves? Of course they are those persons not engaged in grain- 
 
HISTORY OF AVASHTJSNAW COUNTY. 
 
 3G3 
 
 growing, but in manufacturing and mechanical business. The 
 more persons, therefore, engaged in the pursuits, the better will be 
 the market afforded to the farmer. It is the farmer and wool- 
 grower that are most deeply interested in the prosperity and 
 growtii of American industry'. 
 
 The Southerners tell us it is better for the farmer to advocate 
 free trade. Let us see. Beef costs in South America less than 
 half a cent a pound. In New York it is generally worth six to 
 eight cents. If the duty is taken off as the free-traders wish it, a 
 yoke of cattle in Michigan weighing 2,000 pounds would be worth 
 $10 for the beef. 
 
 With a protective tariff, the farmer will have a home market in 
 his own country. Free trade will compel him to compete, not only 
 with the South American beef, but every product he raises will be 
 in the same situation. As, for instance, wheat can be purchased at 
 Odessa, in the south of Russia, for 12 cents a bushel, and freighted 
 here at 10 cents, and sold in the Eastern market for 28 cents, which 
 is less than it can be raised for in this country. 
 
 SCHOOLS IN THE COUNTY. 
 
 We gather the following from the report of tlic Superintendent 
 of Public Instruction: 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 Townships. 
 
 Districts. 
 
 Scholars. 
 
 Townships. 
 
 Districts. 
 
 Scholars. 
 
 Aiin Arbor 
 
 7 
 
 296 
 
 Scio 
 
 10 
 
 394 
 
 Augusta 
 
 8 
 
 189 
 
 Superior 
 
 9 
 
 343 
 
 Brid^ewater 
 
 7 
 
 267 
 
 Salem 
 
 14 
 
 444 
 
 Dexter 
 
 5 
 
 267 
 
 Saline 
 
 10 
 
 392 
 
 Freedom 
 
 6 
 
 272 
 
 Sylvan 
 
 3 
 
 121 
 
 Lodi 
 
 10 
 
 316 
 
 Sharon 
 
 7 
 
 226 
 
 Lima 
 
 6 
 
 198 
 
 Webster 
 
 7 
 
 217 
 
 Lyndon 
 
 2 
 
 51 
 
 Ypsilanti 
 
 11 
 
 603 
 
 Manchester 
 
 6 
 
 205 
 
 York 
 
 11 
 
 382 
 
 Northfield 
 
 9 
 
 251 
 
 
 
 
 Pittsfleld 
 
 9 
 
 293 
 
 Total 
 
 157 
 
 5,650 
 
364 HISTOKY OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 
 
 EECAPITULATION OF PRODUCTS OF THE COUNTY IN 1841. 
 
 35,000 bushels of wheat at 85 cents, $ 313,500 
 
 3,500 do. rye 1,750 
 
 350,000 do. corn 63,500 
 
 35,000 do. buckwheat 10,000 
 
 35,000 do. barley 14,000 
 
 235,000 do. potatoes, 15 cents 30,750 
 
 24,500 tons of hay, at $4 9n 000 
 
 7,000 cords of wood, $1.35 ",750 
 
 Produce of the dairy 10 ,000 
 
 Produce of poultry lj',325 
 
 110,000 pounds of hemp and flax i 200 
 
 110,000 " maple sugar, 10 cents 1 1,100 
 
 Products of nurseries 5,000 
 
 Potash 1,000 
 
 50,000 lbs. of wool, 30 cents 15,000 
 
 Horses 5,000 
 
 Cattle 8,000 
 
 10,000 hogs, at 11.60 16,000 
 
 10,000 sheep, at |1 10,000 
 
 $ 608,070 
 Estimates for products, 20 per cent, not enumerated 60,050 
 
 I 668,075 
 Estimates for various branches of mechanical and manufacturing business. 500,000 
 
 Total products of industry 11,168,075 
 
 CAPITAL EMPLOYED. 
 
 In manufactures $ 314,515 
 
 In mills 330,'oOO 
 
 In merchandise 349,336 
 
 In land and improvements 1 951131 
 
 Total $2,734,971 
 
 PAPER VILLAGES. 
 
 Washtenaw county, like many other counties iii the State and 
 nation, has had within her boundaries villages conceived but never 
 born. Plats have been made and recorded; lithographic views 
 have been printed of places that in time were to be "future great" 
 cities. Alas for the hopes of man! In some of these villao-es 
 enough lots were not sold to pay the recorder's fee, to say nothfng 
 of the surveyor and lithographer. Among the paper villages of 
 Washtenaw will be found the following: 
 
 Barton. — This beautiful village was laid out in 1837, by Charles 
 Tull, Philip Brigham, Alonzo Piatt. It was located on section 17, 
 Ann Arbor township, about one mile above the city of Ann Arbor 
 on the Huron river. One lone house yet remains upon the village 
 plat. 
 
 Sharon. — Platted in 1836, by N. Ambrose, E. Walker and Luke 
 Gilbert. Located in Sharon township. 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COTTNTY. 367 
 
 Saratoga of Michigan. — In 1836 a magnificent village was laid 
 out on parts of sections 1 and 12, Dexter township, on what is 
 known as Portage Lake, by G. R. Lillibridge. Old settlers report 
 that a splendid lithographic map of the village was made, in which 
 fine steamers plowed the lake, and everything else was shown on 
 a grand scale. The streets of the village were named after the 
 great poets, novelists and musicians of the world. Dryden, Byron, 
 Shakespeare, Burns, Bulwer, Haydn, Mozart and others were rep- 
 resented. But all efforts to induce settlers here were unavailing. 
 
 Windham. — This village was located on Iron Lake, Manchester 
 township, and was platted by George Byrns, in 1836. 
 
 Harford. — Charles and Sophronia Harford platted a village in 
 Lima township, in 1885, which mot with the same fate of Saratoga, 
 Boston and others. 
 
 22 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 WASHTENAW COUNTY IN THE WAR. 
 
 The Presidential election in 1860 resulting in the choice of 
 Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency becoming known, 11 States ot 
 ilie Union, in rapid succession, passed acts of secession, and at once 
 arrayed themselves in open hostility to the general Government. 
 On the 12th day of April, 1861, the rebel forces, under command 
 of Gen. P. T. Beauregard, opened fire on Fort Sumter, and for two 
 days and nights it was maintained, until at last Major Anderson, as 
 brave and gallant a soldier as ever drew a sword in defense of his 
 country, was compelled to lower the American flag and surrender 
 his forces to the rebels who were seeking to destroy the Union. 
 When this outrage was committed every loyal heart in the J^orth 
 was fired and a cry for redress went up ; therefore, when Abraham 
 Lincoln issued his first proclamation calling for 75,000 men, he 
 found the people not only ready but eager to wipe out the stain 
 upon the nation's flag. To indicate something of the feeling and 
 spirit of the people as reflected by its papers, the following extract 
 is taken from a local paper printed but a few days after the surren- 
 der of the fort and the issuance of the proclamation of the President: 
 
 " Like the viper which was warmed to life in the bosom of the 
 countryman and then stung him to death, so the cotton States of the 
 Union have raised the parricidal hand of bloody war against the 
 Government which has long fostered and protected them. History 
 will blush to record the hugeness of the crime. It overtops the 
 ordinary criminality of causeless, aggressive warfare, as Satan ex- 
 ceeded in proportions the other rebel angels. 
 
 ' He above the rest 
 In shape and gesture proudly eminent, 
 Stood like a tower; * * * * 
 
 but his face 
 Deep scars of thunder had entrenched, and care 
 Sat on his faded cheek.' 
 
 " Without a parallel in the history of the world, all other rebell- 
 ions, all other treasons, will dwindle to insignificance before the 
 enormity and wickedness of the present. The loyal States and the 
 general Government have given an example of patience and for- 
 bearance whicii was fast being regarded as weakness and imbecility. 
 But, thank God, there is a change. The Government still has 
 power. She struggled long to avert a war, but it has been at last 
 forced upon her. Now she will test her power and prove too strong 
 
 (368) 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 369 
 
 for _ treason. There are loyal men enough to defend the Union 
 against ever}' foe. The old Jackson spirit still lives and is intensi- 
 fied seven-fold. ' The Union must and shall be preserved.' We 
 love the old Union more and more every day. The star-spangled 
 banner creates sensations never felt before. Men of all parties feel 
 that no other banner shall ever float over ns. The cursed rattle- 
 snake banner has no business on American soil, and by the 
 blessings of God it shall be driven back to the hell from which it 
 came. The descendants of the pilgrims will never disgrace their 
 ancestry. The clouds will scatter, day will dawn, and out of the 
 thick gloom of the present, liberty will come forth arrayed in robet 
 of rejoicing, and enter upon new glories, 'heights unattempted yes 
 in prose or rhyme.' 
 
 ' The land 
 
 Is never lost that has a son to right her, 
 And here ai'e troops of sons, and loyal ones. 
 Strong in her children should a mother be ; 
 Shall ours be helpless, that has sons like us?" 
 
 With feelings like these gushing from every heart, it is no 
 wonder that her able-bodied sons sprang to arms, and interposed 
 "fortune, life and sacred honor" in defense of the country. In 
 this noble work the sons of Washtenaw county were behind no oth- 
 ers in self-sacrifice. The call was no sooner flashed over the wires 
 than a company was formed' at Ann Arbor, becoming part of the 
 First Eegiment of Michigan Yolunteers. They at once marched to 
 the front, served out their time of three months, returned and re- 
 enlisted again for three years or during the war. 
 
 At every call from the President responses were made, and no 
 county in the State shows abetter record than Washtenaw. About 
 4,000 brnve men went forth to battle, 450 of whom never returned 
 — their lives being offered as a sacrifice upon their country's altar. 
 On nearly every battle-field in the South, at Bull Run, the Wilder- 
 ness, Spottsylvania, Gettysburg, Antietam and other equally 
 renowned conflicts they fell, and always " with their faces to the 
 foe." Many of those who at the close of the war | did return, may 
 daily be seen, some with empty sleeves, some with wooden legs, and 
 others with marks disfiguring them for life, but all happy with the 
 thought that their loss was their country's gain. 
 
 Short sketches of the various regiments in which any considerable 
 number of men were from Washtenaw county, as well as a list of 
 volunteers compiled from the Adjutant General's report, are here 
 appended: 
 
 FIEST INFANTRY FOE THEEE MONTHS. 
 
 The first regiment in which Washtenaw county was represented 
 was that of the First infantry, Michigan Yolunteers, the enlistment 
 being for three months. After serving its time, the regiment re- 
 turned and was reorganized, and re-enlistments were made for three 
 
370 
 
 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 years or during the war. The following is the roster of officers 
 and men as sworn into service: 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Major, Franklin H. WMt- 
 
 Surgeon, "William Fuller. 
 Quartermaster, David A. 
 Wise. 
 
 COMPAJTT A. 
 
 Captain, Eussell H. Alcott. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, David Stanway. 
 Corporal, George D. (Jowles 
 
 Privates. 
 Aldrich, "William 
 Belhousen, John C. E. 
 Boyd, Robert 
 Bucklin, Frank D . 
 Carr, Edward S. 
 Case, Edward 8. 
 Cook, Van Bensselaer V. 
 Cook, Henry V. 
 De Forrest, John H. 
 Drake, Jacob C. 
 Diamond, David B. 
 Diamond, David L. 
 Ensinger, Clement 
 Plodman, Frederick 
 Gilbert, Thomas L. 
 Hoodman, Frederick 
 Henchion, Timothy 
 Jackiway, Phineas I. 
 Kanousi, James 
 Kneisley, George 
 Manly, Charles H. 
 McCourt, Matthew 
 Penney, Daniel J. 
 Penney, James A. 
 Penney, Charles L. 
 Pomeroy, William T. 
 Runyan, Oscar "V". 
 Rustling, Thomas F. 
 RoLlen, John 
 Smith, Gilbert M. 
 Smith, James K. 
 Stockwell, Stephen S. 
 Woodruff, Quincy A. 
 
 Company B. 
 Privates. 
 Havens, William 
 Ohara, Edward 
 
 COMPAXT C. 
 Commissioned Oncers. 
 Captain, George P. Sanf ord 
 N'on-com.missioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, John Bedford. 
 Sergeant, Irving Storms. 
 
 Sergeant, George Vander- 
 maker. 
 
 Corporal, Oscar M. Bayley. 
 
 Corporal, Charles O. "fib- 
 ber. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Allen, Isaac S. 
 Beegan, John 
 Cower, George 
 Conrath, Charles 
 Edwards, Thomas 
 Edwards, William 
 Essey, John F. 
 Fraser, Charles W. 
 Fishe, John B. 
 Fisher, William 
 Gilett, Orson 
 Lindsey, Albert 
 Morse, Leonard E. 
 Nealhouse, Henry 
 Newman, William R. 
 North, Arthur E. 
 North, Granville T. 
 Omling, Charles 
 Rice, Lorain 
 Sanford, Orlow 
 Seigle, "William 
 Sheckell, John R. 
 Schneider, Frederick 
 Skneehouse, Henry 
 Weeks, Hiram S. 
 Worthington, Charles 
 Company D. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Lieut., Eben T.Whittlesey. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bates, Abraham 
 Bennett, William 
 Britton, Jacob A. 
 Brezette, Warren E. 
 Dusen, Peter 
 Eddington, Harmon 
 Kelsey, Albert W. 
 Kniesly, Alexander M. 
 McCoy, James 
 Schumaker, Christian 
 Van Ordeu, Richard 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Lieut., Emory W Belton. 
 
 Non-com^nissioned Officers. 
 
 Sergeant, Charles L. Mills. 
 Corporal, Ezra Norris. 
 
 Privates. 
 Allen, John 
 Baxter, WOUam 
 Babitt, Hemy 
 
 Collins, James M. 
 Force, Charles 
 Fitzgerald, Le Roy 
 Graham, "William H. 
 Grenville, George H. 
 Hubbard, Washington 
 Hubbard, Ashnel 
 Hurley, Patrick 
 Ide, Abner 
 Isbell, Henry 
 McClue, LavsTBnce 
 Maulbetoch, John 
 Pomeroy, Norman G. 
 Polhemus, John H. 
 Whitnor, Nicholas 
 Tichenor, Jerome 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Beck, John 
 Byron, Thomas 
 CoDins, Charles E. 
 Chase, Henry 
 Dixon, Alanson 
 Dixon, Harvey 
 Dwight, Piatt 
 Ellsworth, Warren B. 
 Hillman, John 
 Havens, John R. 
 Havens, William 
 Kellihan, Timothy 
 Long, Daniel 
 Preston, Anson 
 Rose, Harvey L. 
 Sutton, John 
 Schultz, John J. 
 Taulman, Jonathan 
 Thompson, James 
 Van Orden, William 
 Wellbourn, Thomas 
 Wallace, John W. 
 Welsh, John J. 
 Wood, William V. 
 
 Company G. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 SecondLieut., C. P. Perry. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 First Serg't, Geo. Lockley. 
 Corporal, Lewis Spawn. 
 Musician, WiUiam Mead. 
 Musician, Daniel Vaughn. 
 
 Privates. 
 Allen, John 
 Campion, WiUiam 
 ConneU, James 
 Gage, Arthur G. 
 Kober, Ernest 
 Moran, John 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 371 
 
 O'Reiley, Patrick 
 Owens, Charles W. 
 Schneider, David 
 Vanluvan, Martin 
 Weeks, Hiram 
 Winans, Halsey M. 
 Youngs, Lorenzo 
 
 OOMPANT H. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 First Berg't, L. C. Randall, 
 
 Privates. 
 Andrews, William 
 Avery, Henry 
 Chase, Samuel D. 
 Earl, Lyman D. 
 Furgeson, Vanness 
 Herdman, Frank 
 Henry, Marcus W. 
 Holmes, William 
 Moran, Patrick 
 Pickard, Hiram 
 Stammerjolm, John 
 Smith, Edgar 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Oommissioned Officers. 
 
 Second Lieut., E. D. Judd. 
 
 Privates. 
 Birdsall, Charles 
 Cane, John 
 Hellrich, Peter 
 Sneed, WilUam 
 Smith, William 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 First Lieut., G. C. Mogk. 
 Second Lieut., H.C.Arnold. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Sergeant, Amos M. Ladd. 
 Sergeant, T. D. Mower. 
 Corporal, John G. Hilt. 
 Corporal, Arthur Lavery. 
 
 Privates. 
 Begalka, Theodore 
 
 Boucher, Charles W. 
 Cosier, Dennis 
 Dougherty, Thomas W. 
 Darby, William Wallace 
 Dubois, Martin 
 Eggleston, Newell M. 
 Fisher, William 
 Huff, Robert D. 
 Hoops, John H. 
 Henker, John 
 Johnson, Henry 
 LothoUo. John 
 Lyons, Egbert 
 Marsh, Henry 
 Mills, Charlie 
 Mills, William 
 Miner, Peter 
 Murch William 
 Maynard, Henry 
 Macynoki, Stephen 
 Udell, Charles 
 Smith, Havilah 
 Shoutz, John J. 
 Wdhl, John 
 
 The following promotions were made of men from this county: 
 Kussell H. Alcott from First Lieut, to Captain, fand Lieut. Colonel 
 of the 20th Infantry; H. Clay Arnold from Second to First Lieut.; 
 Charles H. Barrett from ranks to First Lieut. ; John Bedford, Ser- 
 geant, to Second Lieut.; Edward D. Judd, Second to First Lieut., 
 Captain; Amos M. Ladd, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut.; 
 George Lockley, private to Sergeant, Second and First Lieut., 
 Captain, Major, Lieut. -Col., Col.; George C. Mogk, First Lieut, to 
 Captain; Marvin A. Park, Second Lieut, to First Lieut. 26th In- 
 fantry, Captain; George P. Sanford, Captain to Brevet Lieut.-Col.; 
 Clinton Spencer, private. First Lieut., Captain; David Stan way, 
 Sergeant, and Second and First Lieut., Captain ; Irving Storms, Ser- 
 geant to First Lieut. Colored Infantry; James II. Wlieaton, Ser- 
 geant to Second and First Lieut., Captain; Franklin M. "Whittlesey, 
 Major to Lieut.-Col., Col.; Eben T. Whittlesey, First Lieut, to 
 Captain. 
 
 FIEST INFANTRY FOE THKEE YEARS. 
 
 This was organized soon after the discharge of the preceding, 
 and left the State Sept. 16, 1861, numbering in officers and men 
 950. Twenty-seven recruits were subsequently added. The reg- 
 iment was equipped at Annapolis Junction the following winter, 
 and guarded the Baltimore & Washington railroad. In March, 
 1862, it moved to the Peninsula, and afterward participated in the 
 engagements at Mechanicsville, Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericks- 
 burg, etc. At Bull Run it lost its Colonel (Roberts) and 28 other 
 men, and about half the remainder were wounded. Losses were 
 sustained also in all the other engagements. 
 
372 
 
 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNT r. 
 
 After a severe and prolonged march, it reached Gettysburg, July 
 2, where it entered that bloody contest with 20 officers and 125 
 men, and suffered a loss of five killed and 21 wounded. It after- 
 ward aided in chasing the rebels through Manassas Gap, and went 
 into camp at Warrenton. After several minor engagements and 
 various services in the spring of 1863, it enjoyed a 30 days' fur- 
 lough at home, rendezvousing at Coldwater. It engaged in the 
 campaign of 1864, with the army of the Potomac, and it is said 
 that it was the first to attack the enemy in this campaign. The 
 loss was severe. In June it was engaged in constructing fortifica- 
 tions, and in the trenches before Petersburg, and subsequently did 
 valiant and efficient service in the battle at that point, carrying at 
 one time, unaided and alone, two strong fortifications of the 
 enemy, and a portion of the line of works. 
 
 From this time to the close of the war, it was busy in guard 
 duty, skirmishes, etc.; was in action at the battle of Appomattox 
 court-house, where Lee surrendered and the war closed. Was 
 mustered out of service July 9, 1865, at Jeffersonville, Ind. 
 Total losses: Died in action or of wounds, 158; died of disease, 55; 
 wounded, 345; taken prisoners, 17. 
 
 SECOND INFANTET. 
 
 While not having a large number in the regiment, Washtenaw 
 county was represented in nearly every company. The regiment 
 participated in many of the most desperate battles of the war. 
 Only one promotion was made from this county, Richard S. Yick- 
 erj', private. Assistant Surgeon and Surgeon. The following were 
 from Washtenaw: 
 
 Non-eommissioned Officers. 
 Surgeon, Alonzo B. Palmer. 
 Hospital Steward, Henry 
 Clelland. 
 
 Company A. 
 Coulson, Thomas C. 
 Darner, John. 
 West, George 
 
 COMPASY B. 
 
 Deuner, John 
 Littlefield, Charles H. 
 Roberts, Thomas W. 
 Stiner, Martin 
 
 Company C. 
 Bailey, George W. 
 Sibley, Frederick 
 
 Company D. 
 Gardner, Joseph C. 
 
 Company E. 
 Chippadore, Henry 
 Engle, Jacob 
 
 Company F. 
 Ruthrufl, Edwin 
 Vickery, Richard S. 
 
 Company G. 
 Durm, Richard 
 Doyle, Edward 
 Markham, Seth 
 Runney, Francis 
 
 Company H. 
 Hewes, Samuel A. 
 McKerchey, William 
 
 Company K. 
 Non-armmusioned Officers. 
 Corporal, Charles A. Wines. 
 
 Corporal,'Lorisou J.Taylor 
 Corporal, Charles Quish. 
 Corporal, Wm. C. Loomis. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Cooke, Francis 
 Cavanaugh, Luke 
 Farrington, Wallace T. 
 Fredericks, John 
 Hamilton, Stephen 
 Hart, Joseph 
 Heath, Leonard 
 Heath, Rufus 
 Howard, John 
 Hazen, Edward 
 Perkins, Lewis 
 Ramsay, David 
 Keys, William 
 Stockwell, William 
 Walker, Morris G. 
 
 THIED INFANTET. 
 
 Washtenaw county was represented in this regiment only by 
 Wm. H. Deuning and John Martin. 
 
HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 373 
 
 FOURTH INFANTRY. 
 
 This county was largely represented in the Old Fourth Infantry, 
 and by a few in the Fourth as re-organized, as will be seen in the 
 
 following roster of officers and men 
 
 Guiiimissioned Officers. 
 
 Major, J. W. Childs, 
 
 A8st.-Surg.,Robt. Lebarron 
 
 Sergt.-Maj.,Wm. Loveland 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Corporal, Ewd. Sumner. 
 Company C. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Captain, H H. Jefferds. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Musician, E. A. Steadman. 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Captain, J. M. Randolph. 
 
 First-Lieut.,R. G. DuPuy. 
 
 Second-Lieut., Jairus W. 
 Hall. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Sergeant, Edwin Gilbert. 
 
 Sergeant, Henry G. HUl. 
 
 Sergeant, Fredk. A. Shuts. 
 
 Sergt., Ewd. E. Beach. 
 
 Corporal, Jonas D. Rich- 
 ardson. 
 
 Corporal, John A. Gates. 
 
 Corporal, Granville G. 
 Mowry. 
 
 Corporal, E. E. Goodhue. 
 
 Corpora], F. B. Turner. 
 
 Corporal, James Clark. 
 
 Corporal, Jos. L. Ward. 
 
 Corporal, Hiram H. Davis. 
 
 Wagoner, John Saunders. 
 Privates. 
 
 Andrews, John F. 
 
 Anderson, John F. 
 
 Aldrich, Stephens H. 
 
 Alchin, Frederick 
 
 Beamer, Anton 
 
 Bardwell, George W. 
 
 Boyd, Thomas 
 
 Bryant, Martin V. 
 
 Beasomer, Charles B. 
 
 Bartlett, John 
 
 Bacon, Reuben C. 
 
 Bidwell, John C. 
 
 Bensler, Jacob 
 
 Beckley, Guy 
 
 Cranston, Robert H. 
 
 Comstock, Chester W. 
 
 OLD FOURTH. 
 
 Comstock, John W. 
 Comstock, Ellis 
 Cook, Jacob F. 
 Denmau, William 
 Dean, Charles B. 
 Dutton, Henry 
 Dexter, Flavins J. 
 Fisher, John 
 Goodrich, Morrell 
 Gardner, Charles 
 Huxford, William P. 
 Hurd, Lewis G. 
 Harley, Jonathan P. 
 Keedle, James 
 King, Norman 
 Keeler, Lewis W. 
 Low, David 
 Lynch, William 
 Marshall, George E. 
 Murphy, James 
 Morhert, Michael 
 McPadden, Michael 
 McCormick, Charles 
 Null, Henry 
 Newton, Thomas W. 
 Newton, Henry ^ 
 Parsons, Oliver 
 Pryor, WiUiam A. 
 Porterfield, Samuel D. 
 Piquet, Peter 
 Patrick, George 
 Perry, Edwin. 
 Phelps, Charles W. 
 Pomeroy, Charles 
 Parkhurst, Abel 
 Rouse, Charles A. 
 Reeves, Charles 
 Ritter, Lewis W. 
 Sweet, William 
 Smith, Oliver S. 
 Sayers, Frank C. 
 Silsby, Frederick R. 
 .Stevens, Nelson 
 Spoors, Robert 
 Steadman, Edwin A. 
 Shaw, Gilman M. 
 Spencer, Tenant R. 
 Smith, Washington J. 
 Tice, Peter 
 Taylor, William J. 
 Van Horn, Columbus 
 Wilson, David A. 
 Wilson, Henry H. 
 Walser, Charles 
 Whitmore, Lewis F. 
 
 Williams, Edwin K. 
 Wildt, Frederick 
 Webster, David 
 Young, William 
 Zimmerman, Dionis 
 
 Company F. 
 Miller, F. 
 
 Company G. 
 Nortr-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, John M. Allison. 
 Corporal, Asel Fenton. 
 
 Privates. 
 Avery, Burgess M. 
 Anderson, James B. 
 FuUerton, John 
 Fogle, George 
 Fuller, Henry Y. 
 Fogle, Scott 
 Gauntlett, Richard 
 Green, Philip 
 Hibner, Daniel 
 Miner, John 
 North, William P. 
 North, John W. 
 Olmstead, Edwin 
 Plummer, Charles W. 
 Plummer, Chester W. 
 Plummer, William H. 
 Trippe, Sylvester S. 
 Walters, Erastus 
 
 Company I. 
 Young, George A. 
 
 Company K. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Captain,Alex. D. Crane. 
 First Lieut. H. H. Jeflferds . 
 N on-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Wm. G. Ihrig. 
 Sergeant, Israel Bailey. 
 Sergeant, Ransom Bush. 
 Sergeant, Jas. B. Conkey. 
 Sergeant, A. J. Easton. 
 Corporal, Jas. E. Hawkes 
 
 Privates. 
 Austin, Albert 
 Bailey, William H. 
 Billson, John 
 Billson, Henry 
 Brown, Eugene 
 Braucher, Charles W. 
 Blodgett, Worcester 
 Bostwick, Charles F. 
 Boucher. Caleb F. 
 Crane, Martin L. 
 
374 
 
 HISTOEY or WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Cunningham, Wm. J. 
 Crane, Alexanders. 
 Crane, George 
 Collins, John 
 Croghan, George 
 Downer, Jacob R. 
 Field, Henry C. 
 Field, William H. 
 Foster, Martin L. 
 Garrison, Samuel Y. 
 House, Eri 
 Hyatt, James E. 
 Hodge, Riley, 
 Harris, Henry H. 
 
 Hoffman, Felix 
 Kellogg, Lyman G. 
 Kelley, Robert W. 
 Kelsh, Henry 
 Laughlin, Patrick 
 Murphy, Edwin H. 
 O'Neil, John 
 Perkins, GuyC. 
 Perkins, Leonard W. 
 Potter, Alvinza 
 Poyer, Daniel F. 
 Percy, PerrinE. 
 Rouse, John 
 Riley, Luke 
 
 Sawyer, Charles 
 Smith, Heman 
 Savery, Stephen P. 
 Storms, Abram W. 
 Smith, Jackson 
 Tuttle, Smith 
 Tuffs, John 
 Tuffs, Richard M. 
 Torpy, Sylvanus E. 
 Van Dermark, Abram 
 AVheelock, John P. 
 Wilsey, Solomon 
 
 NEW FOURTH INFANTKY. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Corporal, Edward Sumner. 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Falconer, William 
 Williams, Benjamin 
 
 Company C. 
 Smith, Heman 
 
 COMPAXY D. 
 
 Allen, Isaac W. 
 Sweetland, Edgar 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Coats, George W. 
 Duquette, Duffee 
 
 Schueler Jacob H. 
 Short, Charles 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Comstock, James 
 Keeler, Lewis W. 
 Murphy, James 
 Perry, Edwin S. 
 
 Washtenaw men were promoted as follows: Jonathan ~W. Childs, 
 Major to Lieut.-Col. and Colonel; James Clark, Sergeant-Major to 
 First Lieut.; Richard G. Du Puy, First Lieut., to Captain; Edwin 
 II. Gilbert, Sergeant to First Lieut; Jairus W. Hall, Second to 
 First Lieut., Captain, Major, Lieut.-Col., Colonel, Brevet Brigadier 
 General; James W. Hawks, Sergeant to Second Lieut.; Henry G. 
 Hill, Sergeant to Second Lieut.; Francis M. Lombard, Sergeant to 
 Second Lieut.; William H. Loveland, Sergeant to First Lieut., 
 Captain; James McLean, Sergeant to Second Lieut., Captain ; John 
 M. Randolph, Captain to Major. 
 
 The Fourth left its i-endezvousat Adrian, June 2.5, 1861, number- 
 ing 1,025. Up to July 1, '62, it had had on its rolls the names of 
 1,115 officers and enlisted men. It took part in the first battle at 
 Bull Run; wintered at Miner's Hill, Va. ; engaged at New Bridge, 
 May 21, 1863; at Mechanicsville, June 26; Gaines' Mills, June 2T; 
 and Malvern Hill, July 1, losing in all these fights a total of 53 
 killed, 144 wounded and 52 missing ; engaged at Fredericksburg, 
 December 13 and 14, with some loss at Gettysburg, July 2 and 3, 
 losing 28 killed, 80 wounded and 80 missing and prisoners; fought 
 in the battles of the Wilderness, in May, 1863, at Petersburg; and 
 mustered out of service at Detroit, in June, 1864. It lost two 
 colonels, the total in killed being 169; in death by disease, 26; 
 wounded, 320; and prisoners, 105. 
 
 It was reorganized in July, 1864, Col. Jarius W. Hall command- 
 ing; moved to Alabama; was in service at or near Murfreesboro, 
 Tenn., during the early part of the following winter, and during 
 the latter part was at Huntsville, Ala. ; arrived at Knoxville, Tenn., 
 March 25, 1865; at New Orleans, June 24; and at Indianola, Texas, 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTJNTr. 
 
 375 
 
 July 10, in which State it suffered much by disease and death. 
 Reached San Antonio, September 24; was at various points in 
 Western Texas until May 26, 1866, when it was mustered out of 
 service at Houston. The shattered fragments reached Detroit 
 June 10, where the men were paid and the regiment disbanded. 
 
 FIFTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Ever}' company in this regiment had a representative from 
 Washtenaw county, therefore much interest was felt in its move- 
 ments. 
 
 The following is the roster: 
 
 Field and Staff. 
 
 Assist. -Surgeon, Robert A. 
 
 Everett. 
 Assist. -Surgeon, Preston B. 
 
 Rose. 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Denney, William H. 
 Hoffman, Christian 
 
 C0MPA2«T B. 
 
 Fick, Frederick 
 Tower, Anson C 
 
 Company C. 
 Corporal William J. Hig- 
 
 ginson. 
 Allen, Philander 
 Stevens, Arthur D. 
 
 Company D. 
 Fulton, John H. 
 
 Company E. 
 Gardner, Henry 
 
 Company F. 
 Patterson, Henry J. 
 Kemp, Joseph 
 
 Company G. 
 Parsons, Hiram P. 
 Company H. 
 Bailey, Thomas D. 
 McCarty, John 
 
 Company I. 
 Gommisiioned Oncers. 
 Second Lieut., Charles H. 
 Dennison 
 
 Nou-commissioned Officers 
 Sergeant, Willis H. Piatt. 
 Musician, Samuel B. Curtis 
 Musician, Anson C. Town. 
 
 Privates. 
 Berry, Albertus 
 Curtis, Harmon 
 Chubb, Philo P. 
 Lane, James S. 
 Silverwood, William P. 
 Van Duyn, Wesley 
 Company K. 
 
 Privates. 
 Alchin, Henry 
 Ford, Dwight 
 Oilman, Valentine 
 Oseander, Emil 
 Wolf, William 
 
 This regiment was mustered into service with about 900 men, 
 soon increased to 983; left Detroit Sept. 11, 1861, for Virginia, and 
 wintered near Alexandria; went into the Peninsula, under McClel- 
 lan, in March, 1862; engaged in the battle of Williamsburg May 5, 
 with about 500 men, losing 34 killed and 119 wounded; was at the 
 battle of Fair Oaks May 31, with 300 men, and lost 30 killed, 116 
 wounded and 5 missing; was at Malvern Hill, Manassas, Freder- 
 icksburg, and many other points of service; arrived at Detroit Jan. 
 4, 1864, and had a furlough of 30 days; Feb. 14 it arrived at 
 Brandy Station, Va., and May 3 it entered upon the great catn- 
 paign of the year; engaged in a severe battle at Orange Court- 
 flouse; June 10 was consolidated with the Third Michigan at Coal 
 Harbor, and arrived at Petersburg the 15th; fought before Rich- 
 mond; returned to Petersburg; garrisoned Fort Davis; joined Gen. 
 Warren's command Jan. 15, 1865, and made a raid to Weldon; em- 
 ployed again before Petersburg until March 25, when it successfully 
 attacked the enemy near Hatch's Run ; April 2 it aided most sig- 
 nally in the capture of Petersburg, and is reported to have been 
 the first regiment to raise its colors on the enemy's works. On the 
 9th, the day of the surrender of Lee, it was in the front, at Glover 
 Hill; participated in the grand review at Washington on the 23d; 
 
 23 
 
376 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 was mustered out of sers'ice July 5, at Jeffersonville, Ind. ; and 
 was paid off and disbanded at Detroit on the 17th. During the 
 war it participated in 28 battles and skirmishes, and there died in 
 action, or of wounds received, 253; died of disease, 91; wounded 
 in action, 823; taken prisoners, 75; total, 1,242. 
 
 SIXTH INFANTRY. 
 
 In this regiment were representatives from this county in eight 
 companies, together with three musicians, as follows: 
 
 Musician, Fred. A. (Jutler. 
 N. C. S., Giles B. Allen. 
 N. C. S., Henry W. Shaw. 
 
 Company B. 
 Bronson, Andrew 
 McCook, Alexander 
 Rose, John 
 Vanarsdale, Eugene 
 
 Company C. 
 P'rivates. 
 Boyd, Edward B. 
 Casler, Michael J. 
 Crozier, Archibald 
 Davis, John H. 
 Losey, Friend M. 
 Raymond, Alonzo 
 Sutton, John M. 
 Teal, Charles W. 
 
 Company D. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Corp., Madison O. Walker. 
 
 Privates. 
 Fox, Abram N. 
 Kilmartin, Jeremiah 
 Ormsby, Loren 
 Martin, Edward 
 Root, Thomas R. 
 
 Company F. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Captain, John Cordon. 
 
 First Lieut., H. A. Harris. 
 
 Second Lieut., H. Seymour. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 First Serg't., A. G. Amsden. 
 
 First Serg't., W. C. Humph- 
 rey. 
 
 First Serg't. E. P. Clark. 
 
 First Serg't. L. Haight. 
 
 Corporal, Wm. H. Shaw. 
 
 Corporal, Giles B. Allen. 
 
 Corporal, Martin Tyler. 
 
 Corporal, E. H. Rorebeck. 
 
 Corporal, David Bower. 
 
 Corporal, Lucius Haight. 
 
 Corporal, Lawrence Bauer. 
 
 I Corporal, John W. Banks. 
 ' Wagoner, Daniel Royce. 
 
 ! Privates. 
 
 . Andrews, Francis 
 
 Baldwin, Alanson 
 1 Brining, Jacob 
 i Booth, William 
 i Ball, Merill 
 I Case, Daniel H. 
 
 Case, Seymour 
 
 Comstock, Eugene 
 
 Cutler, Levi H. 
 
 De Wolf, Saxon 
 
 Dustin, Charles 
 
 Dolbee, Lorenzo 
 
 Duel], Arthur 
 
 Draper, Alonzo V. 
 
 Dupraw, Harve)' 
 
 Draper, Walter P. 
 
 Edwards, Eliah 
 
 Pullerton, John 
 
 Gauss, John 
 
 Gunn, Alanson 
 
 Gartner, George C. 
 
 Godfrey, Linus B. 
 
 Gott, Richard 
 
 Gray, Ira 
 
 Goodrich, Theron 
 
 Guerlv , Marion J. G. 
 
 Howard, Harry 
 
 Hartwell, Franklin 
 
 Hibner, Henry 
 
 Harris, William R. 
 
 Hubbard, Edmund L. 
 
 Hazen, Henry H. 
 
 Horton, Charles T. 
 
 Hanes, Eli H. 
 
 Humjjhrey, Wallace E, 
 
 Kentfield, Loyal C. 
 
 Kellogg, Jonas 
 
 Kellogg, Luther 
 
 Kappler, Jacob F. 
 
 Lindsey, Charles 
 
 Markham, Delos 
 
 Markham, Orren 
 
 Mann, Robert E. 
 
 Morgan, William 
 
 Needham, William 
 
 North, George C. 
 
 Pratt, Joseph 
 Royce, George 
 Royce, William 
 Rogers, Enos Hall 
 Robinson, Julius Q. 
 Rice, Warren L. 
 Sherman, Joseph L. 
 Smith, Oliver H. 
 Swift, Thomas 
 Strobeck, Edward A. 
 I Vibber, John M. 
 Vorce, Newton 
 
 ': Company G. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Adsit, Martin W. 
 
 Bronson, James G. 
 j Hunt, John W. 
 J Nichols, Watson B. 
 ! White, Eber 
 
 Company H. 
 Privates. 
 ! Castor, John H. 
 \ Flanders, John H. 
 I King, John W. 
 Latson, Silas 
 ; Miller, Robert 
 
 I Company L 
 
 Privates. 
 ! Cushiway, Enos C. 
 ; Knickerbocker, Benjamin 
 : Smith, John H. 
 
 Winslow, John 
 
 Company K. 
 1 Non-commissioned Officeri. 
 i Sergeant, Geo. B. Surdam. 
 
 Wagoner, Edwin G. Cook. 
 
 Privates. 
 I Graves, Alonzo 
 • Mohorter, George 
 ; McGuire, John 
 1 Osborne, George F. 
 i Stephenson, CMiarles 
 ; Assigned no Company. 
 \ Herrick, Albert D. 
 i Weatherby, Albert 
 
HISTOET OF -WASHTENAW COUNTT. 377 
 
 The promotions of men from this county were as follows: 
 Abram G. Amsden from Sergeant to Second and First Lieut.; John 
 Cordon, Captain to Major, Lieut.-Col.; Howell Seymour, Second 
 to First Lieut., Captain, Major; Willis C. Humphrey, Sergeant- 
 Major to Second and First Lieut.; Alonzo Shumway, Sergeant to 
 Second and First Lieut., Captain; Carlos N. "Webb, private to 
 Second and First Lieut. 
 
 This regiment left Kalamazoo, Mich., for Yirginia, Aug. 30, 1861, 
 its muster-roll showing 944 officers and enlisted men, which by 
 July 1, 1862, was increased to 1,075. It was in camp in Baltimore 
 during most of the winter, sailed thence for Ship Island, Miss., 
 and thence, April 14, 1862, embarked for New Orleans, being one 
 of the first regiments to occupy the city after its capture by the 
 Union forces. May 15 it proceeded up the Mississippi river as far 
 as Warrenton, landing on the route at different points to aid in the 
 destruction of the enemy's works and communications, and re- 
 turned to Baton Rouge June 5. It bore an active part in the bat- 
 tle of Baton Kouge, Aug. 5. After the evacuation of the Union 
 forces Aug. 20, 1862, the Sixth Infantry was stationed at Metarrie 
 Ridge, guarding one of the approaches to New Orleans. Owing 
 to the unhealthy locality in which the regiment was stationed, the 
 number fit for duty when it .moved to New Orleans, Dec. 6, was 
 only 191 out of an aggregate of 755. The men soon recovered 
 after their arrival at the latter place. Jan. 14, 1863, it participated 
 in the expedition under General Weitzel, to Bayou Tesche, which 
 destroyed the rebel gunboat, Cotton. "Was stationed, Feb. 6, in the 
 advance at Camp Parapet, and at Renner, 18 miles from New Or- 
 leans. May 12 it made a raid up the Jackson railroad, destroying 
 the enemy's camp at Tangissaho, capturing 60 prisoners and burn- 
 ing a large gun-carriage factory, a shoe factory, and a tannery used 
 by the rebel authorities ; the value of this property was upward of 
 $400,000. The loss of the regiment was one wonnded; it arrived 
 at Port Hudson on the 23d, where it remained until the surrender 
 of the place, July 9. It participated in the assaults on the 27th of 
 May and the 14th of June. In the first one it lost more than one- 
 third of its men engaged. An order of Major-General Banks, 
 issued from headquarters of the Department of the Gulf, July 10, 
 converted this regiment " into a regiment of heavy artillery, to 
 retain, until otherwise officially* designated, its infantry number, and 
 to have the organization, pay, clothing and equipment prescribed 
 by law, and regulations for troops of the artillery army." Enjoyed 
 a 30-day furlough in the spring of 1864, rendezvousing at Kalama- 
 zoo; returned to Port Hudson with recruits; was at Morganziafor 
 several periods, during the last being employed as engineers; did 
 duty again as heavy artillery; was present at the bombardment and 
 surrender of Fort Morgan, Ala.; assisted Gens. Gordon Granger 
 and Bertram in operations against Mobile and along the Gulf; 
 aided in taking Spanish Fort; reported to Sheridan at New Orleans 
 July 11; and Sept. 5 was paid off and disbanded at Detroit. Gas- 
 
378 
 
 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 ualties: Died in action or of wounds, 58; of disease, 374; wounded 
 in action, 82; taken prisoners, 18; total, 532. The regiment par- 
 ticipated in 21 battles and skirmishes. 
 
 SKVKNTH INFANTRY. . 
 
 Enlistments from this county were as follows: 
 
 Company A- i Company D. ] Wells, Francis V. B. 
 
 I Mills, Theodore Company H. 
 
 Flugal, Samuel D. i Company F. ! Brooks, James 
 
 Minihan, John ! Nearing, William E. \ Brown, Peter 
 
 Smith, Robert ■ Smith, Thomas H. Reed, Henry 
 
 EIGHTH INFANTRY. 
 
 About 30 men from Washtenaw county served with this regi- 
 ment as follows: 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant Major, Henry R. 
 
 Williams. 
 Quartermaster Sergeant, 
 
 George A. Wells. 
 
 Company A 
 Philips, William H. 
 Company E. 
 McComas, D. Henry 
 Company H. 
 Commissioned Officers- 
 3d Lt., Wm. A. Brown. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Sergeant, E. M. Gilbert. 
 Sergeant, James Rowan. 
 Corporal, Byron L. Sawyer. 
 Musician, Theodore Pack. 
 
 Privates. ' 
 
 Aldrich, Ira 
 Bush, James 
 Bohn, Jacob * 
 
 Bohn, William H. 
 Cargill, William H. 
 Clark, William A. 
 Clark, Thomas F. 
 Graham Edwin 
 
 Hall, Eugene V. N. 
 Hayes, Luman 
 Hues, Edgar 
 Kelley, George 
 Kelley, William 
 Mills, James 
 McMann, Patrick 
 Rogers, John 
 Rouse, John 
 Williams, Albert 
 
 Company I. 
 Ott, Alpheus 
 
 Company K. 
 Canfield, William S. 
 
 The following promotions were made: William A. Brown, from 
 Second to First Lieut.; William A. Clark, Sergeant to Second and 
 First Lieut. ; Erastus M. Gilbert, Sergeant to Second and First 
 Lieut. 
 
 This i-egiment moved from Detroit, Sept. 27, 1861, with an ag- 
 gregate force of 915, to which 84 recruits were subsequently added. 
 October 19, at Annapolis, it embarked as part of expedition to Hil- 
 ton Head, S. C, under Gen. Sherman; took part in engagements 
 at Hilton Head, Port Eoyal Ferry, Fort Pulaski, Wilmington 
 Island, James Island, Bull Pun, Chantilly, South Mountain and 
 Antietam. Late in the autumn it was engaged in provost duty at 
 Falmouth; was in the battle of Fredericksburg; moved to New- 
 port News, Feb. 13, 1862, and in March, to Lebanon, Ky.; in June, 
 toVicksburg; in engagements toward Jackson, Miss., during July; 
 arrived at Knoxville, Tenn., Sept. 20, and at Loudon, Oct. 29. Up 
 to Nov. 1, 1863, the regiment had traveled by rail, foot and other- 
 wise nearly 5,000 miles. 
 
 The Eighth skirmished around until January, 1864, when it re- 
 enlisted as veterans, and returned home on a furlough of 30 days, 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 379 
 
 rendezvousing at Flint. Having received a large number of re- 
 eraits, it went to Annapolis, Md.; in Maj, it commenced the 
 campaign with the Army of the Potomac; participated in the 
 battle of the Wilderness, losing 99 killed, wounded and miss- 
 ing; in the battle of Chancellorsville it lost 49; at Grove Church, 
 52; by a forced march reached Petersburg, June 16, where it took 
 part in action, losing 49 men; continued in active service during 
 the summer, with casualties almost daily; put the enemy to flight 
 from theWeldon Railroad, but with a loss of 30 men. The follow- 
 ing autumn and winter were spent in erecting fortifications, 
 guarding posts, etc.; drove the enemy from Fort Mahon, April 2, 
 1865, and was probably the first to plant its colors over the works 
 at that point. Was mustered out of service, July 30, and arrived 
 at Detroit, Aug. 3, where it was paid oft' and discharged. 
 
 NINTH INFANTKY. 
 
 Washtenaw was well represented in the Ninth Infrantry, as will 
 be seen by the accompanying names: 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Asst-Surg., Geo. Barnes. 
 Company A. 
 Privates. 
 Abar, Alexander 
 Chase, Horace L. 
 Carney, Nicholas 
 Crow, John A. 
 Green, George W. 
 Leland, Henry 
 Pierce, Theodore C. 
 
 Compact B. 
 Privates. 
 Berge, Lavant F. 
 Dennison, Asa J. 
 Eastman, Horace 
 Fish, Everett "W. 
 Kelley, James 
 Leep, Lawson W. 
 Link, Sylvester 
 
 Company C. 
 Privates. 
 Byram, William P. 
 Clarke, Franklin 
 Griffith, Edvrard 
 Griffith, Henry 
 Griffith, Lott 
 Gallup, Anson H. 
 Reilley, Thomas 
 
 Company D. 
 Killmer, John F. 
 Ramsay, Sylvester 
 Smith, Caleb T. 
 
 COirPANY E. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers 
 Sergt.,W. S. Thompson. 
 
 Privates. 
 Ayres, Charles 
 Armstrong, William E. 
 Bortle, Ira F. 
 Case, Jerome 
 Cornell, George C. 
 Chester, Court. 
 Daws, Franklin 
 Dewey, James 
 Filch, James 
 Fisher William H. 
 Greenman, Isaac 
 Henney, James 
 Henderson, Joseph 
 Hickock, Benjamim 
 Kennedy, William H. 
 Kinney, William 
 Lambert, Samuel. 
 Leming, Oliver E. 
 Markle, John B. 
 Minor, Moses 
 Minor, Charles 
 Morrow, January 
 Rabideau, Louis 
 Reed, Joseph 
 Stocking, Ira' 
 Warbogs, Andrew 
 White, Jonathan 
 Wood, Wesley 
 
 Company' F. 
 Privates. 
 Clark, James 
 Cordray, George 
 
 Conley, Elijah 
 
 Cresson, James 
 
 Cresson, Edward 
 
 Cutler, Daniel B. 
 
 Freeman, William 
 
 Griffin, George 
 
 Howe, George A. 
 
 Streeter, Darius 
 
 Stringham, Edwin N. 
 Company 6. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Corporal, H. D. Whitney. 
 Privates. 
 
 Brand, Charles M. 
 ! Kelch, Henry 
 i O'Brien, Peter 
 
 Patten. William 
 
 Smith, Barlow 
 
 CoiirANY H, 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Corporal, Andy Knisely. 
 
 Corporal, .lohn Kokle. 
 
 Sergt., James V. Henry. 
 Privates. 
 
 Ashton, Sidney 
 
 Beck, Joseph 
 
 Englart, Frederick 
 
 Grozinger, Christopher 
 
 Kibler, George 
 
 Vanarman, John H. 
 
 Wakefield, Nelson 
 
 Zeller, John 
 
 Company I. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergt., Wm. H. Parker. 
 
380 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Privalet. ! Ross, Andrew i Francis, Adam 
 
 Secord, Ira J. . House, Horace H 
 
 Sewell, Edward i Kitchen, Jonas 
 
 Thompson, Charles , Kennedy, Erastus 
 
 Company K. 
 Privates. 
 Fuller, Lewis E. 
 
 Alford, Martin 
 Avery, George H. 
 Doty, Henry 
 Fisher, William C. 
 Kebbler, James 
 Merritt, Vanorman 
 
 Losey, Asa A. 
 Sheffield, WiUiam H. 
 Tenney, Alphonzo 
 N. C. S., H. C. Tanner. 
 
 James V. Henry was promoted from Sergeant to First Lieut. 
 
 The Ninth Infantry left Detroit for Kentucky Oct. 25, 1861, the 
 first regiment from Michigan to enter upon active service in the 
 Western Departments. Its muster-in-roll exhibited a force of 913, 
 and 73 more were added before July 1, 1862. The regiment suf- 
 fered largely from sickness almost immediately upon its going into 
 service. It formed part of the force under Gen. Negley, whicli 
 made a demonstration on Chattanooga, in June, 1862, and July 13 
 four companies, under command of its Major, being at Tullahoma, 
 the remaining six companies, with other troops, were attacked by a 
 large hostile force at Murfreesboro, Tenn., and after a sharp strug- 
 gle, taken prisoners, with a loss of 13 killed and 78 wounded. 
 The wounded officers and the enlisted men were at once paroled, 
 and a few months afterward were exchanged. The remainder of 
 the regiment with the officers and headquarters was established at 
 Nashville, Tenn. It also participated in the battle of Murfreesboro 
 Dec. 31, 1862, and collected several regiments which had broken 
 during that struggle. At tlie battle of Chickamauga it performed 
 a similar dutj'. In December, the regiment, to the number of 229, 
 re-enlisted as a Veteran organization. The regiment was then or- 
 dered to Coldwater, Mich., and upon arrival there Jan. 5, 1865, 
 was furloughed for 30 days. It re-assembled at the same place, 
 when it received recruits. Leaving Coldwater Feb. 20, with about 
 500 men, the regiment returned to Chattanooga, and was attached 
 to the headquarters of the Department of the Cumberland. May 
 3 the Ninth marched from Chattanooga, with the headquarters of 
 the Army of the Cumberland, and participated, with that array, in 
 the campaign in Georgia, being present at the actions of Kocky 
 Face Eidge, Eesaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, and the other en- 
 gagements of the campaign preceding and including the siege of 
 Atlanta. It also accompanied the army around Atlanta to Jones- 
 boro, and aided in destroying the railroad to that place, and in the 
 performance of other duties. It entered Atlanta on its evacua- 
 tion by the rebel army, and was engaged in provost duty until that 
 city was evacuated by our forces. The regiment then returned to 
 Chattanooga. It remained at Chattanooga doing guard duty at 
 the headquarters of the Army of the Cumberland, also picket 
 duty for that post, until March 27, 1865; when Gen. Thomas re- 
 moved his headquarters to Nashville, it was ordered to that point, 
 and on the 24th arrived there by rail, and was assigned to duty 
 guarding the military prison, and also at Gen. Thomas's headquar- 
 ters. The regiment continued at Nashville, performing the same 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 381 
 
 general service until Sept. 15, when it was mustered out, and the 
 day following left for Michigan, arriving at Jackson on the 19th, 
 and on the 26th and 27th was paid off and disbanded. This regi- 
 ment participated in 12 battles and skirmishes duringthe service. Its 
 losses during this time were: Died in action or of wounds re- 
 ceived, 30; died of disease, 61; wounded in action, 78; taken pris- 
 oners, about 500; total, 669. 
 
 TENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 The following named, from Washtenaw county, served in this 
 regiment: 
 
 CoMP.VNY A. Privates. I Tubbs, George 
 
 Non-eommissionecl O/^cec. i Abel, Godfrey i Company G. 
 
 Sergeant.Walter H.Nichols I Marsh, Henry I Bunker, William 
 
 In the line of promotions Sergeant Walter H. Nichols was made 
 Second and then First Lieutenant. 
 
 ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 In the old and new regiments of tiiis number were tlie follow 
 ing named from Washtenaw county: 
 
 Company H. 
 Vosberg, James 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Commissioned Officer. 
 
 First Lt., Lewis E. Childs. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Corporal, Stephen D. Brun- 
 
 dage 
 
 Privates. 
 Bayley, Frederick 
 Biddle, Roderick J. 
 Curtis, Thomas B. 
 Cutler, Abel O. 
 Draper, Stephen S. 
 Fletcher, Samuel 
 Hunt, Hiram R. 
 Jewett, George C. 
 
 Stitt, Charles D. 
 j Weach, Adolph 
 
 Company K. 
 
 \ Chandler, Thomas G. 
 1 Hodge, Henry E. 
 Stoner, Nathaniel 
 
 CO.MPANT A. 
 
 Privitet. 
 Alsdorf, James 
 Culver, Aaron C. 
 Derringdinger, Samuel 
 Hopkins, Joseph 
 Howard, Aaron H. 
 Manione, Thomas 
 Mount, John P. 
 Miller, Robert C. 
 O'Brien, James S. 
 Pierce, Lucius 
 Smale, William 
 
 Company C. 
 Privates. 
 Bunn, Robert 
 Brown, John 
 Crandall, Hamilton 
 Dell, John 
 Hoyt, Gideon 
 Wilson, George H. 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Privatef. 
 Catlin, Jerome 
 Cook, Solomon D. 
 Dansingborg, Jacob 
 Declaire, Hector A. 
 
 ELEVENTH INFANTRY (nEW). 
 
 I Folerton, Adam 
 
 ■ Harrington, Benjamin 
 
 Ingersoll, Lewis 
 ' Remington, S. Josephus 
 
 Silkworth, Philo 
 
 Stark, Hiram 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Butler, Thomas 
 
 Caswell, Andrew 
 
 Cowgill, Joel 
 
 Troth, William H. 
 j Company F. 
 
 Campbell, Daniel 
 I Church, Luther M. 
 : Parkhurst, Chester 
 : Wallace, Martin B. 
 
 (;OMPANY G. 
 Privates. 
 
 Allen, Lyman 
 
 Babcock, Charles M. 
 
 Beach, William 
 
 Bierce, Henry 
 ! Blaisdell, Franklin 
 I Blythe, William M. 
 I Dillon, Patrick H. 
 
 English, Francis 
 I Gillett, Hiram 
 
 Gillett, Frank J. 
 
 Haner, William E. 
 
 Hoxie, Joseph 
 
 Huntly, George K. 
 
 .lune, George W. 
 
 Sheppard, Alexander O. 
 
 Stevens, Henry 
 
 Townsend, W. P. 
 
 Thompson, Mathew 
 Company H. 
 
 Gordon, Robert F. 
 
 Gulick, Morgan 
 
 Herritage, Reuben 
 
 Wildfong, Aaron 
 
 Wilkins, Charles 
 
 Company 1. 
 I Coleman, Reuben 
 j Jewett, Henry A. 
 I Parkhurst, Daniel 
 ' Warner, Frederick 
 ] Company K. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Burnham, Abner 
 
 Fox, Henry 
 
 Kelley, George N. 
 
 Roach, Thaddeus 
 
 Wandron, John 
 
 N. C. S., Hiram H, Winters. 
 
382 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The following are the promotions from Washtenaw county; 
 Luther A.Andrews, from Hospital Steward to Assistant Surgeon; 
 Lewis E. Childs from First Lieut, to Captain. 
 
 This regiment moved from White Pigeon, Mich., its rendezvous, 
 Dec. 9, 1S61, with a force of 1,004 men. which was increased by 77 
 before July 1, 1862. It was stationed during the winter of 1861-'i' 
 atBardstown, Ky., where it suffered severely from sickness, and for 
 the first year performed all its service in Kentucky and Tennessee. 
 In August it aided in the repulse of Morgan's guerrillas at Gallatin. 
 Tenn. ; afterward it was stationed at Nashville, at or near which place 
 it remained during Xovember and December, until the army under 
 Gen. Kosecrans moved forward late in the latter month. Was 
 warmly engaged at Stone river, losing 32 killed, 79 wounded and 
 29 missing, a total of 140; was detached to act as Provost Guard at 
 Murfreesboro, until the advance on Tullahoma, in June; it remained 
 in camp at Decherd, Tenn., until the advance into Georgia Sept. 1. 
 The march over the rffountains was accomplished under great diflS- 
 culties, and at a test of great endurance on the part of the troops. 
 The regiment was in the fiercest of the fight at Chickamanga, and 
 suffered a loss of seven killed, 76 wounded and 23 missing; total, 
 106. November 1, it was stationed at Chattanooga. At the battle 
 of Mission Ridge, Nov. 25. 1S63, the Eleventh participated in the 
 decisive charge, and was one of the first to reach the enemy's works. 
 Its loss in this action was six killed and 33 wounded. May 7, it 
 entered upon the Georgia campaign under Gen. Sherman. It par- 
 ticipated in the engagement with the enemy on the 14th, at Resaca, 
 and on the 27th, at New Hope Church. It remained at the last 
 named place eight days, holding an exposed position, and almost 
 constantly under fire. During the month the loss of the regiment 
 was four killed and eight wounded. The enemy having evacuated 
 his works at New Hope Church, and retreated to Kenesaw Moun- 
 tain, the regiment assisted in the pursuit to that point. It was 
 here frequently engaged in skirmishing, and under a heavy artil- 
 lery fire. The loss of the regiment in the month of June was two 
 killed and 57 wounded. The enemy left their .position at Kenesaw 
 Mountain and the regiment moved in brisk pursuit, overtaking them 
 at Rough's Station; participated in the successful charge on the 
 first line of the enemy's works, losing three killed and 10 wounded; 
 engaged in the battle of Peach Tree Creek, July 20, where it sus- 
 tained a loss of two killed and nine wounded. It was also present 
 at the battle of Aug. 7. and participated in a charge on the enemy's 
 fortifications in front of Atlanta. The casualties in the regiment 
 in this action were 15 killed and 15 wounded. The period for 
 which the regiment enlisted having expired, it was ordered to Chat- 
 tanooga Aug. 27. The rebel General, Wheeler, being engaged in 
 making a raid into Tennessee, the regiment, immediately after its 
 arrival at Chattanooga, on the 30th, was ordered to join the column 
 in pursuit, and march to Murfreesboro, and thence to Hunts- 
 ville, Ala., but without meeting the enemy. It returned to Chatta- 
 
^^tt.^vxjjj ^t^ 
 
 dMu^/ 
 
HISTORY OF ■WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 38£ 
 
 nooga Sept. 1 3. Leaving here two commissioned officers and 150 
 men — veterans and recruits, whose terms had not expired, the regi- 
 ment started for Michigan on the 18th, arriving at Sturgis on the 
 25th. Sept. 30, it was mustered out of service. The losses sustained 
 by this regiment were: Died in action or of wounds received, 90; 
 died of disease, 172; wounded in action, 170; taken prisoners, 43; 
 a total of 475. 
 
 TWELFTH INFANTET. 
 
 The following named were from Washtenaw county: 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Company C. 
 Burrass, James K. 
 Harks, Isaac 
 
 Company ¥. 
 Cowles, Alvah J. 
 
 Company G. 
 yon-commiasioned Officers. 
 
 Sergeant, F. W. Smith. 
 Corporal, Henry B. Pal- 
 mer. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Butts, Edwin S. 
 Butts, Francis 
 DeCamp, Nelson 
 DeCamp, John 
 
 Mollenkamp, William 
 Strong, James H. 
 
 Company I. 
 Tompkins, Addison 
 
 Company K. 
 Smith, Lewis C. 
 
 THIRTEENTH INFANTRV. 
 
 The following names comprise those from Washtenaw county 
 in this regiment : 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Surg., Alexander Ewing. 
 AsBt. Surg., Chas. Howell. 
 
 Company A. 
 Gheever, Leander 
 Company B. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Coon, Carlton 
 Coon, Edwin H. 
 Collins, Edgar 
 Loveland, George B. 
 Miles, Lewis 
 Smith, Junius 
 
 Company D. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Serg't., Warren Messacar. 
 
 Privates. 
 Brooks, Joseph 
 Cory, John C. 
 Hance, Taylor 
 Starr, Henry 
 Tracy, Bennett E. 
 Wright, Calvin 
 
 Company E. 
 Surg., Alexander Ewing. 
 Dunbar, Charles 
 Scaddin, Robert B. C. 
 
 Company F. 
 Privates. 
 Burger, William F. 
 Forsyth, Albert 
 
 Gray, Martin 
 Linden, Joseph 
 McCollum, Joseph 
 McCoUum, John 
 Vanatter, William 
 
 Company G. 
 Dailey, George 
 Truesdale, Prank 
 Woodberry, David 
 
 Company H. 
 Speicher, Elner 
 Sowles, George W. 
 
 Company I. 
 Bom, Gilbert 
 Lenox, Isaac 
 Curtis, Fred 
 
 This regiment left its rendezvous at Kalamazoo Feb. 12, 1862, 
 925 strong. Enlistments previous to July 1 added 74 to its num- 
 ber. Its route was through Kentucky and Tennessee, wa Bowling 
 Green and Nashville. It reached ithe battle-tield at Pittsburg 
 Landing, after a forced march, near the close of the second day's 
 fight, and thence forward until the evacuation of Corinth; was en- 
 gaged in picket and fatigiie duty with the force that captured that 
 post. The Thirteenth was the last of Gen. Buell's command to 
 leave Northeastern Alabama, on the withdi-awal of our forces from 
 that region in August, and was among the troops of the same army 
 
 24 
 
386 HISTORY OV WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 which fell back upon Louisville. It joined in the pursuit of Bragg's 
 army in October, and was afterward stationed near Silver Springs, 
 Tenn.. and marched with the army under Gen. Rosecrans on 
 Murfreesboro. It was deployed as skirmishers, on the 29th, in 
 the advance, and sufi'ered some loss. It participated in the 
 bloody engagement at Stone River, going into action with 244 mus- 
 kets, and losing out of this number 25 killed or died of wounds, 
 62 wounded and eight missing. Dec. 31 it re-captured, by a bayonet 
 charge, two guns which had fallen into the hands of the enemy. 
 After the occupation of Murfreesboro, the regiment was engaged 
 in building fortifications, etc., and went into camp at Hillsboro. 
 Aug. 16 the army adyanced into Georgia. The Division having 
 crossed the Tennessee river at Shell Mound, moved on Chattanooga, 
 and on the morning of the 8th of September that town was 
 taken, the Thirteenth being among the first to enter the city. It 
 participated in the engagement of September at Chickamauga, when, 
 going into action with 217 officers and men, it lost in killed, 14; 
 wounded 68 (of whom 11 died), and 25 missing; total loss, 107. 
 
 Participated in the battle of Chattanooga (or Mission Eidge). 
 During the months of December and January, it was stationed on 
 the Chickamauga, engaged in picket duty and cutting logs for 
 building warehouses at Chattanooga. Having re-enlisted as a vet- 
 eran regiment Jan. 17, 1864, it received orders Feb. 5 to proceed to 
 Michigan, and on the 12th arrived at Kalamazoo. Its members 
 here received a furlough of 30 days. 
 
 Having received, while in the State, over 400 recruits, it arrived 
 at Chattanooga April 20, and until Sept. 25 it was stationed on 
 Lookout Mountain, engaged in the construction of military hos- 
 pitals. Participated in the pursuit of the rebels under Forrest and 
 Roddy, in North Alabama. Returning to Chattanooga Oct. 17, it 
 remained there a few days, and thence proceeded to join its brigade, 
 which it reached at Rome, Georgia, Nov. 1, 1864. On the 3d it 
 was at Tilton, when it received orders to proceed to Rome, where 
 it remained until the 7th, when it joined the army of General Sher- 
 man at Kingston, and formed a part of the general army that 
 "marched down to the sea." The regiment with its brigade, 
 reached Savannah the 16th, and was in the trenches before that city 
 until the 21st, when the enemy evacuated the place. Jan. 17, 1865, 
 the regiment moved forward with the army on the march through 
 the Carolinas, and was engaged at Catawba river, S. C, Feb. 29, and 
 at Averysboro, N. C, March 16, and again at Bentonville on the 
 19th, where it fought the enemy the entire day, sustaining a loss of 
 110 killed, wounded and missing. Among the killed was its 
 commanding ofiicer. Col. W. G. Eaton. Pending the negotiations 
 attending the surrender of Johnston's army, the regiment was sta- 
 tioned on the Cape Fear river, 26 miles scnith of Raleigh, and_ on 
 April 30 it started with the army homeward, reaching Washing- 
 ton, D. C, on the 19th, and on the 24th participated in the grand 
 review of Gefl. Sherman's army at the national capital. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 387 
 
 It was mustered out of service July 25, and on the 27th arrived 
 at Jackson, Mich., when it was paid off and disbanded. The losses 
 sustained by the regiment during the service were: Died in action 
 or of wounds, 53; died of disease, 175; wounded in action, 99; 
 taken prisoners, 46 ; total, 373. 
 
 FODETEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Asst. Surg., Alvin J. Cole. 
 Company A. 
 P mat en. 
 Duchine, Francis 
 Dillistin, James W. 
 Deitz, Andrew 
 Hunt, Eduer 
 Hutton, George 
 Mather, Joseph W. 
 McGee, Richard 
 Neat, Andrew- 
 Read, Charles E. 
 Roth, Charles 
 Reynolds, Wickham 
 Sidham, Abram 
 Simmons, Adelbert 
 Wilson, Henry 
 
 Company B. 
 Noii-commusioned Officers 
 Corporal, Francis Carr. 
 Corporal, Simeon Locke. 
 
 Privates. 
 Branigan. James 
 Bortles, Philip 
 Boyle, Patrick 
 Collins, Patrick 
 Cross, Garrett 
 Fitzpatrick, Edward 
 Host, Philip 
 Hatton, John 
 O'Donoel, John 
 O'Brien, William 
 Simpson, John 
 Sullivan, Patrick 
 StafEey, Uriah 
 
 Company C. 
 Teamster, Daniel Gates. 
 
 Privites. 
 Beecher, Bphraim 
 Carroll, John 
 Creamer, Peter \/' 
 Davis, Charles 
 Miller, Andrew 
 Welsh, Michael 
 Young, Edgar J . 
 
 Company D. 
 Treadwell, William J. 
 Van Kuren, Joseph 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Brower, Samuel N. 
 
 Franklin, Edgar F. 
 
 Granger, Joseph 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Bruen, John D. 
 
 Buskirk, William 
 I Noble, Sylvester 0. 
 Company G. 
 Prixiates. 
 \ Jackson, Richard 
 
 La Chance, Peter 
 
 Millspaugh, Francis 
 
 Sands, Patrick 
 
 Warboys, Andrews 
 Company H. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Captain, Richard Beahan 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Sergt., Joseph Kirk. 
 
 Sergt., James Hawkins. 
 
 Sergt. , Patrick Irwin. 
 
 Corporal, Michael Clark. 
 
 Corporal, Jas. McConnell. 
 
 Corporal, Menzo W. Stark. 
 
 Corporal, John Dwyer. 
 
 Corporal, John Phillips. 
 
 Corporal, William Perry. 
 
 Corporal, John Laughlin. 
 
 Wagoner, .J. H. Stephens. 
 
 Musician, Wm. P. Glover. 
 
 Musician, Wm. H. Worden. 
 Privates. 
 
 Bamett, Edward 
 
 Boss, Caleb 
 
 Bondy, Alexander 
 j Carpenter, J. H. 
 
 Corselius, William S. 
 
 Cole, Henry M. 
 
 Courtney, John 
 
 Doyle, Thomas 
 
 Dickinson, M. M. 
 
 Everett Lawrence 
 
 El well, William H. 
 
 Fuller, Joseph 
 
 Finn, James 
 
 Flynn John 
 
 Hogan, .John 
 Hines, Peter 
 
 Kane, Michael 
 
 Kane, James 
 
 Kempky, Henry 
 Kellett, Peter 
 Koler, John 
 Loyally, Rufus 
 Lowry, Richard 
 Marshall, George 
 Maynard, Antoine 
 Martin, Henry 
 McCarthy, John 
 Murphy, Patrick 
 McPherson, Andrew 
 McCoy, David 
 Norton, John 
 Norton, Lawrence 
 Owens, Joshua M. 
 Place, Richard 
 Phillips, William W. 
 Phillips, Robert 
 Reuel, George 
 Reilley, Thomas 
 Read, Charles 
 Russell, Norman 
 Russell, Daniel 
 Smith, Thomas 
 Smith, James 
 Vanderhaven, George 
 Wassen, Thomas 
 Wetmire, Frederick 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Privacies. 
 Barley, John H. 
 Button, Lorenzo D. 
 Button, Frank H. 
 Boucher, Caleb T. 
 Dubois, Richard 
 Fellows, Hebron H. 
 Fellows, Augustus W. 
 Gillett, Addis 
 McCord, William 
 Middlebmok, Augustus 
 
 Company K. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergt., Wm Vannatta. 
 1 Corporal George Bull. 
 Privates . 
 Force, Isaac N. 
 Grow, Henry 
 Noble, Sylvester 
 Van Riper, Adrian H. 
 Wilber, Frederick 
 N. C. S.,Chas. I. Stephens. 
 
388 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOTJNTr. 
 
 The following promotions were made : Michael Clark, Sergeant 
 to Second Lientenant; Patrick Irwin, Sergeant to Second and First 
 Lieutenant, Captain; William W. Phillips, Sergeant-Major to 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 
 The Fourteenth moved from Ypsilanti April 17, 1862, and joined 
 the Western army at Pittsburg Landing, with 925 men, to whom 
 86 were added before July 1. It was under Pope in the advance 
 upon Corinth; was in several skirmishes in Mississippi, Alabama 
 and Tennessee; stationed at Stone Kiver, Tenn., from Nov. 13 to 
 Dec. 10. Jan. 3, 18j63, it participated in the battle of Stone River, 
 having marched 30 miles through rain and mud the previous night; 
 afterward guarded Franklin, Tenn., for a time. In September it was 
 mounted as cavalry, and in a few months it had captured 12 rebel 
 officers, 285 enlisted men and 85 guerillas. It made its head- 
 quarters at Columbia, Tenn., and while there, a loyal sentiment 
 grew up, the country was cleared of guerillas, and signs of perma- 
 nent peace in that section appeared. It guarded railroads, built for- 
 tiiications, and for miles around captured rebel officers and soldiers. 
 Jan. 4, 1864, the Thirteenth re-enlisted as veterans, and received 
 the usual 30-day furlough. Returned to Nashville in May; joined 
 Gen. Sherman and fought until the fall of Atlanta; was engaged at 
 Kenesaw Mountain; di-ove the rebels from their rifle-pits in July, 
 at the Chattahoochie River engagement, capturing a number of 
 prisoners, with a loss of nine killed and 35 wounded; repeated its 
 victories the next month, and continued the good work until No- 
 vember, when it reach Savannah in the grand march; was present 
 at Johnston's surrender; participated in the grand review at Wash- 
 ington, was mustered out of service July 18, 1865, at Louisville, 
 Ky., and was paid off and discharged at Jackson, Mich., the 29tb. 
 The Thirteenth had engaged in 18 battles and skirmishes, and lost 
 in killed in action or died of wounds received, 17; died of disease, 
 65; total, 82. 
 
 FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Tbe following named represented Washtenaw county in the 
 Fifteenth: 
 
 N. C. S., John. .J. Crowley. 
 
 Company B. 
 Monroe, John 
 
 Company C. 
 Mclntyre, Andrew^ 
 
 Company F. 
 Marvin, Gilbert 
 
 Company G. 
 Henry, Alva C . 
 
 Company H. 
 Van olyke Henry G 
 
 C'^mpany I. 
 
 Douzer, Henry K. 
 Lounds, William 
 Payne, Robert K. 
 
 Company K. 
 Bo wen, Spencer 
 
 George W. Murdock was promoted from Hospital Steward to 
 Asst. Surgeon. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 389 
 
 SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 This regiment was represented as follows from this county: 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Major, Nerval E. Welch. 
 Asst. Surg., W.H. Breaker. 
 
 FiBST Independent Co. 
 Privates. 
 
 Dick, Frank J. 
 McCroney, Ackland 
 Rhodes, John 
 Scott, Walter 
 
 Company A. 
 If on-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergt., Geo. W. Cook. 
 Sergt., Jared Pond. 
 
 Prinates. 
 Artherton, Samuel H. 
 Buckfink, Jacob 
 Bacon, John 
 Bardy, Louis 
 BischofiF, Gotlieb 
 Crowell, Reuben 
 Deihl, William 
 Frey, John 
 Qilland, WilUam II. 
 Hauggi, Otis 
 Kirby, I harles 
 Leonard, John 
 Morrison, John G. 
 Parker, John F. 
 Perry, Seth W. 
 Stewart, John M. 
 Welch, Edward 
 Welch, Wallace 
 
 Company B. 
 Nun-commissioned Officers 
 Corporal, Jos. Mallenbrey. 
 
 Pricates. 
 Heydolouff, Gotlieb J. 
 
 Company D. 
 Anderson, Andrew J. 
 Bliss, Alonzo C. 
 
 Company E. 
 Hardwick, John 
 Kellsher, John 
 Morisette, Joseph 
 O'Keefe, Nicholas 
 
 Company F. 
 Privates. 
 Burtch, Rice W. 
 Buckley, Daniel 
 Cronkite, Walter M. 
 Glass, Milton C. 
 Granger, James 
 Hull, Sanford 
 Jewell, Charles H. 
 Roe, William H . 
 Sherman, Henr}' D . 
 Smith, Homer E. 
 Wilder, Henry M. 
 Willson, Charles 
 Williams, Grant E. 
 Western, Reuben 
 
 Company G. 
 Privates. 
 Brown, Amos 
 
 Blodget, Cyrus 
 
 Bailey, Melville L. 
 
 Coree, Hiram 
 
 Daget, James B. 
 
 Donahue, John S. 
 
 Donovan, George 
 
 Dowling, Charles 
 
 Durham, Silas E. 
 
 Giesenhoffer, Anthony 
 
 Lassral, Gilbert 
 
 Robinson, Alexander 
 
 Sarzie, Christian 
 
 Wylon, Safron 
 j Company H. 
 
 ! Bellows, Carlos R . 
 ' Brown, George 
 i Trehey, Thomas 
 
 CONPANY'I. 
 
 j Non-commissioned Officer ft . 
 • Corporal, Joseph Btanfield. 
 
 Privates. 
 I Abbot, Franklin 
 i Britton, Andrew 
 
 Donahue, Michael 
 
 Green, Orville W. 
 
 Palmer, Henry 
 i SteflEy, Henry 
 
 Van Curren, Joseph C. 
 ■ Company K. 
 
 Bunyea, George 
 Foster, James 
 LeProy, William H. 
 Perkins, George W. 
 
 The following comprises the promotions from this county: Geo. 
 W. Cook, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut., Captain; James A. 
 McKnight, private to First Lieut., Colonel Infantry ; Horace E. 
 Truesdale, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut.; Keuben Turrill, 
 Sergeant to First Lieut. ; Nerval E. Welch, Major to Lieut.-Col., 
 C. E.; "Wallace Welch, Q. M. -Sergeant to First Lieut.; Edward G. 
 Welch, Com. -Sergeant to Second and First Lieut. 
 
 Companies A, B, D, E, F, H, I and K, of this regiment, were 
 represented from Washtenaw county. This regiment, originally 
 known as Stockton's Independent Regiment, went into the iield 
 Sept. 16, 1861. Encamped during the winter at Hall's Hill, Vir- 
 ginia, and was in the Peninsular campaign, under Gen. McClellan, 
 in March; shared in the siege of Yorktown in April, and partici- 
 pated in the battles at Hanover Court- House, May 27; at Gaines' 
 Mills, June 27, and at Malvern Hill, July 1. It joined Pope's 
 army at Fredericksburg, fought at Bull Run, Aug. 30, and at An- 
 tietam, Sept. 17. It also participated in the action at Fredericks- 
 
390 
 
 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 burg, Dec. 13 and 14. The regiment crossed the Rappahannock 
 and Rapidan rivers, and engaged in the battle of Chancellorsville, 
 May 2-5. It participated in the battle of Middleburg, and from 
 there, by a series of forced marches, reached Gettysburg, and 
 engaged in that battle, with a total loss of 79 men. It joined in 
 the pursuit of the enemy, and was present at the battle of Wapping 
 Heights, though not actively engaged. It engaged in skirmishing 
 at the action of Brandy Heights. It then fell back to Abum, and 
 remained there till Nov. 7. In the first year the regiment marched 
 about 800 miles. Nov. 7 it again started, and participated in the 
 movement across the Eapidan to Mine Run, serving as guard to 
 the wagon train. Having re-enlisted, the regiment was again 
 mustered into service Dec. 24, and Jan. 2, 1864, it left for Michi- 
 gan on a SO-days' furlough. Arriving in the field again. May 
 1, it started on the great campaign of the year. On the 6th and 
 7th it participated in the battle of the Wilderness. For about a 
 month it was engaged in the trenches in front of Petersburg; it 
 followed Lee's army, and was engaged at Amelia Court-House, 
 High Bridge, Appomattox Court-House, where Lee surrendered, and 
 from there to Sutherland Station. It then passed on to Washing- 
 ton and participated in the grand review of the Army of the 
 Potomac. From there it started for .Jeffersonville, Ind., when it 
 was mustered out of service July 8, and started for Michigan, 
 reaching Jackson on the 12th, and on the 25th was paid off and 
 disbanded. It participated in 52 battles and skirmishes during its 
 service. The casualties were: Died in action or of wounds 
 received, 151; died of disease, 29; wounded in action, 443; taken 
 prisoners, 27; total, 650. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 The Seventeenth had the following representatives from Wash- 
 tenaw: 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 First Lieutenant and Adju- 
 tant, Wm. V. Kichards. 
 
 Company A. 
 Non-commissioned Officers 
 Sergeant, Joseph Ottnian. 
 
 Privates. 
 Alber, Frederick 
 Baird, Isaac E. 
 Coulson, Thomas C. 
 Falconer, John A. 
 Hanna, Samuel 
 Matson, Stephen H. 
 McEnnis, Michael 
 Stiner, Martin 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Captain, I. L. Clarkston. 
 
 Non-coMYiiMsioned Officers. 
 
 Sergeant, Ed'wd Wheeler. 
 Sergeant, G. E. Mathews. 
 Corporal, Jas. W.English. 
 
 Privates. 
 AncliflE, .Joseph 
 Bradley, George 
 Burr, IMilo B. 
 Boomer, Charles C. 
 Bigelow, Nelson 
 Easton, William H. 
 Fisk, Henry C 
 Fiak, George L. 
 Force, Benton 
 Gardiner, Joseph 
 Goodyear, James 
 Hall, Albert 
 Hall, Franklin 
 Holmes, John D. 
 Hill, Seymour E. 
 
 Morris, Robert 
 Nelson, John K. 
 Saveneau, Alexander 
 
 Company E. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Captain, Gabriel Campbell. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Delos Philips. 
 Sergeant, John Maltman. 
 Sergeant, J. A. McDougall. 
 Corporal, William C. Weir. 
 Torporal, S E. Haight. 
 Corporal, Geo.W. Harmon. 
 Corporal, Fred. S. Webb. 
 Wagoner, J. M. Breining. 
 
 Privates. 
 Ames, Foster 
 1 Aulls, Samuel F. 
 ' Burr, Henry D. 
 
HISTOKr OF WASHTENAW COUNTY; 
 
 391 
 
 Cady, Charles J . 
 Dorr, William L. 
 Duell, Herbert 
 Dibble, Gregory E. 
 Engle, Seth E. 
 Engle, Jacob 
 French, Hayes C. 
 Ferrier, William 
 Fellows, Byron V. 
 Grettan, Thomas W. 
 Haight, Edward A. 
 Hardy, Henry 
 Hardy, Alfred 
 Hotchkin, Francis J. 
 Homing, John 
 Hathaway, George 
 Lawrence, John M. 
 Law, John L. 
 
 McFall, Schuyler 
 McFall, Daniel 
 McFall, Harrison 
 McMichael, George W. 
 Masters, James 
 Mason, John 
 Parr, Thomas 
 Ruckman, Webster 
 Shepherd, Irwin 
 Smedley, Albert L. 
 Thorn, Martin O. 
 Wilcox, Alfred F. 
 Webb, Hiram H. 
 Wood, Andrew J. 
 Wood, Theodore E. 
 Woodard, William A. 
 Wheelock, Robert T. 
 Yaw, John L. 
 
 COMPAKY F. 
 
 Douck, Frederick 
 Jacott, Elias 
 Updike, Abraham 
 
 Company G. 
 Arthur, Peter B. 
 
 Company H. 
 Drake, Jacob C. 
 
 Company L 
 Gardner, Julius J. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Riley, Josiali C. 
 
 N. C. S., J. M, Lawrence. 
 
 The following promotions were made: George W. Harmon, Sei- 
 geant to First Lieut.; John S. Maltman, Sergeant to First Lient.; 
 David L. Morthland, Sergeant to First Lieut; Joseph Ottman, 
 Sergeant to First Lieut.; Delos Phillips, Sergeant to Second and 
 First Lieut., Captain; William V. Kichards, First Lieut, to Cap- 
 tain, Brevet Major; Andrew J. Wood, Sergeant to Second Lieut. 
 
 Companies A, B and E were well represented from Washtenaw 
 county. The regiment left its rendezvous at Detroit, Aug. 27, 1862. 
 It was immediately sent into the Maryland campaign, under Gen.' 
 McClellan, and in about two weeks, engaged in a hotly contested 
 action at South Mountain, losing 27 killed and 144 wounded. Three 
 days after, it was again in battle, at Antietam. It then wound 
 around through Maryland, Kentucky, and down into Mississippi. 
 It erected fortifications at Milldale, and engaged in several skir- 
 mishes near Jackson. 
 
 It came back to Kentucky, thence into East Tennessee, with the 
 army of the Ohio, in September and October, 1863. It then passed 
 from Knoxville, via London to Lenoir, and then joined the army 
 opposing the advance of Longstreet on Knoxville. It had to re- 
 treat, but suffered an attack of the enemy at Turkey Creek, where 
 it lost about 36 men. During the retreat to Knoxville, and during 
 the siege, the men suffered very much from want of proper and 
 sufficient rations. It left Knoxville Dec. 7, in pursuit of the enemy. 
 It arrived at Eutledge, but had to fall back to Blain's Cross Roads, 
 where it wintered, suffering severely from want of supplies. In 
 March the regiment again started, but receiving orders, came back 
 to Knoxville, and from there marched over the Cumberland moun- 
 tains to Nicholasville, Kentucky, a distance of 186 miles, which it 
 accomplished in ten and one-half days. From there it went to 
 Annapolis, thence, via Washington and Alexandria, Va., to War- 
 renton Junction, Ya., and started in on the campaign of 1864. It 
 participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Chancellorsville and 
 Spottsylvania Court-House. In an engagement on Ny river it 
 suffered a great loss. 
 
392 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 From Spottsylvaiiia Court- House it moved toward Petersburg, 
 and was in the eiege at that point. Then it passed on to other pla- 
 ces, and finally to Appomattox river, where it remained during the 
 winter. In March it again started, and moved back to Petersburg 
 and remained in or near there till April 24, when it left. It arrived 
 at Alexandria the 27th. Un the 29th, it departed for Washington, 
 D, C, and there participated in the grand review of the army of 
 the Potomac. From there it went to Tannally Town, Virginia, where 
 it was mustered out of service June 3. It then started for Michi- 
 gan, reaching Detroit on the 7th, and was there paid off and dis- 
 charged. During its entire service, the regiment participated in 
 some 30 battles and skirmishes, sustaining a loss of : Died in action 
 or wounds received, 90; died of disease, 92; wounded in action, 
 339; taken prisoners, 120; total, 641. 
 
 KIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 The Adjutant General's reports contain the following names 
 ci-edited to Washtenaw county: 
 
 Company A. 
 Fisher, Joseph C. 
 Hall, Julius 
 
 CO-NIPANY B. 
 Kuaggs, Daniel A. 
 f^eggar, Garrett 
 Wilson, John 
 
 Company C. 
 Dumphy, Thomas 
 Kankin, William H. 
 
 Company D. 
 Privates . 
 Ackles, Watson B. 
 Howe, Henry D. 
 Kidder, Samuel C. 
 Saylor, Daniel 
 
 Sprague, T. A. 
 Wilson, Albert M. 
 
 Company E. 
 Prioates. 
 Armstrong, Douglass 
 Crane, Henry P. 
 Jackson, George W. 
 Jones, S. W. 
 Sanford, Winfield 
 Sprague, F. S. 
 
 Company F. 
 Hunt, Alfred G. 
 
 Company G. 
 Fletcher, William F. 
 Flemming, John H. 
 Kirkpatrick, C. J. 
 
 Company H. 
 Privates. 
 Battles, Ira H. 
 Beverly, Louis 
 Kent, George C. 
 Overacker, Darius 
 Phemden, Phelaster 
 Poole, John 
 Smith, Henry 
 Southwick, Selah G. 
 Stoddard, J. Wesley 
 Springer, Andrew 
 Tibbals, James 
 Winters, Myron L. 
 
 Company I. 
 Armstrong, John 
 
 Company K. 
 Plumb, Lewis 
 
 TWENTIETH INFANTRY. 
 
 The Twentieth Infantry was largely made up from Washtenaw 
 county, as will be seen by the followincr: 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Major, Byron M. Cutcheon. 
 
 First Lieut, and Quarter- 
 master, Jas. A. Dwight. 
 
 Company B. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Capt., Byron M. Cutcheon. 
 
 First Lieut., Chas.T. Allen. 
 
 Second Lieut. , Augustus 
 Van Cleve. 
 
 Non-comrnissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Samuel A Row. 
 
 Sergeant, P. M. Skinner. 
 Sergeant, R. E. Manning. 
 Sergeant, John Thomas. 
 Sergeant, John E. Erwin. 
 Corporal, John Wise. 
 Corporal, L.T. Thompson. 
 Corporal, John K. Morse. 
 Corporal, John D. Norris. 
 Corporal, Oscar McLouth. 
 Corporal, Wm. G. Shipman 
 Corporal, H. Mellencamp. 
 Corporal, L. A. Baker. 
 Drummer, James Fogle,jr. 
 
 Fifer, Chauncey Hollstead. 
 Wagoner, John H. Davis. 
 
 Privates. 
 Allbright, Frank 
 Ainsley, Richard F. 
 Allen, Gilbert O. 
 Barrett, Henry J. 
 Bliss, Clement 
 Ballard, Charles F, 
 Bortle, John H. 
 Baker, Lewis R. 
 Colburn, John F. 
 Casey, Owen 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 393 
 
 Casterline, Henry B. 
 CalUs, William 
 Davidson, Henry L. 
 Eaton, Byron 
 Filkins, William 
 Flecker, John L. 
 Foster, Seneca A. 
 Hallop, Lewis 
 Gorman, Patrick 
 Gondricli, Edgar M. 
 Gregory, Albert L. 
 Greib, Charles 
 Hammond, Thomas AV. 
 HoUinshead, Edward 
 Harper, Samuel W. 
 Hack, Louis 
 Halbert, Frank L 
 Howard, WUliam H. 
 Haine, Amandrus 
 Hickock, Pm-dy H. 
 irons, Chaucey W. 
 Jefferds, John 
 King, James 
 Kelley, Nelson H. 
 Knickerbocker, Martin B. 
 Loveland, William O. 
 La Purge, Henry T. 
 Lewis, Wilson A. 
 Lilly, Gamer 
 Logaa, Erasmus 
 Miller, Madison 
 Miller, George 
 Macomber, Clark 
 Neebling, John 
 Neebling, jr., John 
 Neebling, Frederick C. 
 Neahouse, I. H. 
 Onderkirk, Weslej' 
 O'Neill, Edward 
 Oliver, Robert 
 Packard, H. C. 
 Randall, Winslow P. 
 Row, Horace 
 Root, Moses W. 
 Rombell. William 
 Redner, William H. 
 Shipman, George L. 
 Stockman, Charles 
 Spencer, Emmons 
 Straley, John 
 Stockwell, Charles M. 
 Shippey, Harley 
 Steever, De Witt C. 
 Scripture, Langdon W. 
 Tyler, Leonard G. 
 Tyler, Edwin 
 Throop, SUelden 
 Vaa Geison, James H. 
 Ward, George H. 
 Wilson, David R. 
 Willetts, Adelbert 
 Wolsey, George E. 
 Company C. 
 Avis, William H. 
 
 25 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Captain, Claudius B Grant. 
 First Lieut., Roswell P. 
 
 Carpenter 
 Second Lieut., David E. 
 
 Aius worth. 
 
 Non-cuiniii iisioiied Olficers. 
 
 Sergeant, Oliver Blood, jr. 
 
 Sergeant, Royal D. Bu- 
 chanan. 
 
 Sergeant, George B. Felch. 
 
 Sergeant, N. Aug. Parker. 
 
 Sergeant, Charles W. May- 
 nard. 
 
 Corporal, John Donovan. 
 
 Corporal, Wm. N. Stette. 
 
 Corporal, J. G. Price. 
 
 Corporal Eben H. Crofut. 
 
 Corporal, A. P. Morris. 
 
 Corp., John W. Johnston. 
 
 Corp., Norman Gates. 
 
 Musician, Chas. Miunis. 
 
 Mus., Wallace W. Bliss. 
 
 Wag., Wm. H. Morrison. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Allen, Samuel A. 
 Arms, B. F. 
 Arnold, George B. 
 Barley, Edwin 
 Blood, Charles 
 Buell, Charles C. 
 Buell, George W. 
 Bates, Charles T. 
 Bowen, A. Mortimer 
 Brown, Zaccheus 
 Briggs, Clark E. 
 Bliss, Monsoa W. 
 Clark, Elias 
 Culver, Willianx H. 
 (!adwell, George E. 
 Cook, William H. 
 (Cunningham, James B. 
 Crowley, Timothy 
 Ctovert, Henry A. 
 Cotant, Hiram K. 
 Downer, Charles L. 
 Ducker, -tephen 1). 
 Eldert, John B. 
 Fisher, Frank A. 
 Fillmore, John W. 
 Garrison, .John 
 Garrison, Joseph 
 Gillespie, Myron J. 
 Greenman, John R. 
 Granger, Leonard 
 Gyde, Urban 
 Hall, Eugene Z. 
 Hatch, Edward 
 Huson, George W. 
 Holcomb, Julius A. 
 Henigan, John 
 
 Hicks, Charles M. 
 
 Jennings, Henry 
 
 Jones, Charles M. 
 
 Krapf, Richard 
 
 Lovejo}% William P. 
 
 Lones, James 
 
 Littlefleld, Charles H. 
 
 Matthews, William H. 
 
 McCoUum, Robert 
 
 Miller, Oliver C. 
 
 McCollum, Thomas B. 
 
 McOmber, Charles S. 
 
 Moe, Thomas 
 
 Moore, Stephen 
 
 Moroany, .John W. 
 
 Maynard, jr., William S. 
 
 Newkirk, Osmond J. 
 
 Notz, William G. 
 
 Nowland, Richard M. 
 
 Noll, Conrad 
 
 Neidhamer, Jacob 
 
 Phelps, Edgar A. 
 
 Presley, George Wesley 
 
 Penoyer, James C. 
 
 Perry, George D. 
 
 Phelps, Alfred 
 
 Pack, Clarkson 
 
 Perry, George B. 
 
 Rouge, Frederick 
 
 Rogers, Theodore 
 
 Romig, Abram 
 
 Smith, Daniel W. 
 
 Seegar, Philip 
 
 Seegar, Matthew 
 
 Sherman, Caleb 
 
 Savory, Isaac L. 
 
 Traver, Alonzo 
 
 Tuttle, Apollos A. 
 
 Taylor, William C. 
 
 Updike, James 
 
 Vetter, George 
 
 Van Vleit, Albert 
 I Van Vleit, William 
 i Weekly, John 
 I Weed, jr., Dennis 
 I Williams, Milton D. 
 i Worboys, Mead 
 I Wagner, John L. 
 
 Zimmerman, George 
 
 Company E. 
 Dimmick. 
 
 (Company F. 
 
 Coiniiiissiuiied Officers. 
 First Lieut,, Joshua B. Le- 
 
 land 
 Second Lieut., Wesley L. 
 
 Robinson 
 Non-cormidssioned Officers. 
 Serg., J. R^^^liiey Mowry. 
 Serg., Byron Tl. Porter. 
 Serg., William H. Warner. 
 (Corp., (George (Cook. 
 
39i 
 
 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTY. 
 
 Corp., Albert B. Taylor. 
 Corp., Alexander Busli. 
 Corp., Calvin Becker. 
 Corp., Hiram B. Higli. 
 CJorp.. Brayton G. Webster. 
 Musician, James L. Irwin. 
 Musician, C. Feckenseher. 
 
 Privates. 
 Armstrong, Elmer E. 
 Bennett, John 
 Brokaw, James 
 Benham, Franklin 
 
 /Cooper, James M. 
 Carpenter, W. W 
 Crandall, George E. 
 Cook, Justin 
 Cuff, James 
 Dorr, Carlos C. 
 Dorr, Couch C. 
 Douglass, Samuel 
 Dean, John 
 Fairchild, Stephen 
 Fair, Andrew 
 Gillitt, Amasa 
 Gowen, Monroe 
 Hawkins, James O. 
 Hudson, James 
 James, Jacob S. 
 Kipp, George 
 Moore, Samuel K. 
 Minnis, Samuel 
 Minnis, George 
 Minnis, Jerome 
 Mead, William K. 
 Nutton, W. 
 Oakley, William H. 
 Oldenhage, Herman 
 Phelps, John C. 
 Pettibone, Joseph I. 
 Raymond, Cyrus B. 
 Raymond, David S. 
 Raymond, George C. 
 Ruthruff, John 
 Sears, Herbert 
 Smith, John A. 
 Smith, Benjamin F. 
 Townsend, Charles E. 
 Thomas, John D. 
 Weatherbee, Erastus 
 
 CO.MPA>iY H. 
 
 Cuinmissioned Officers. 
 (iaptaiu, W. D. Wiltsie. 
 First Lieut., E. P. Pitkin, 
 
 or Perkins. 
 Second Lieut., Walter Mc- 
 
 Collum. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergt., Frank Kingsley. 
 Sergt., F. E.- 7:;.'?i'sing. 
 Sergt., Daniel Sheehan. 
 Sergt., David C. Holmes. 
 Corporal, Wm. Boston. 
 
 Corporal, Ira G. Belts. 
 Corporal, A. Voorhees. 
 Corporal, James A. Dell. 
 Corporal, M. Comstock. 
 Corp'l, P. J. Montgomery. 
 Ctorporal, Cornelius Lyons. 
 Corporal, Chas. H. Wood. 
 
 Pricatea. 
 
 Allen, Lewis S. 
 
 Ardell, Marvin 
 
 Booth, Perry 
 
 Benton, Henry 
 
 Briggs, Oscar 
 
 Carbett, Benjamin 
 
 Cliff, Horatio S. 
 
 Culver, Orin 
 
 Culver, Edgar D. 
 
 Campbell, Henry 
 
 Corbett, Rue 
 
 Day, Albert A. 
 
 Durand, David J. 
 
 Dean, Henry W. 
 
 Davis, jr., Randolph 
 
 Dillon, Thaddeus 
 
 Esleman, Frederick J. 
 
 Elstir, Frederick 
 
 Forbes, Milton 
 
 Fenton, Warren 
 ! Godfrey, Isaac B. 
 
 Golitz, Ernst 
 
 Hoag, Joseph M. 
 
 Harmon, George F. 
 
 Haight, Alonzo 
 
 Hahnle, Gotlob 
 
 Haarer, George 
 j Haywood, Henry C. 
 ! Hotchkin, Thomas A. 
 
 Johnson, Richard S. 
 
 Kennedy, James 
 
 Leonard, William 
 
 Lamb, Hiram P. 
 
 Linderaann, Ernst 
 
 Ludwig, August 
 
 McElcheron, James D. 
 
 ilills, Clarke E. 
 
 Monroe, David S. 
 
 Monroe, Gilbert M. 
 
 Mead, James W. 
 
 Manly, EU S. 
 
 Mills, Hiram R. 
 
 Martin, George W. ^ 
 
 Payne, Windsor 
 
 Phillips, Frank 
 
 Rogers, Charles O. 
 
 Renle, Martin 
 
 Riggs, Eli 
 
 Sweet, Frank 
 
 Snow, Levi 
 
 Spears, Thomas F . 
 
 Smith, Nelson 
 
 Sackett, Ardin 
 
 Schlag, Charles 
 
 Socks, Peter 
 
 Saunders, James 
 Schultz, August 
 Shannon, John 
 Silsbury, Charles M. 
 Stringham, Alfred S. 
 Treat, Charles C. 
 Van Arman, .lames 
 Van Riper, Andrew 
 Vreeland, George W. 
 Weatherwax, Daniel 
 ' Walker, George 
 Wicks, Joseph H . 
 Wiesie, Ludwig 
 Wilson, Robert 
 Waldron, Samuel 
 
 Company K. 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Captain, E. Hammond. 
 
 First Lieut., S. L. Sergent, 
 [ Second Lieut., Clarence L. 
 Whedon. 
 
 Noa-coirimissioned Officers. 
 
 Sergt., Joseph M. Yocum. 
 
 Sergt., Homer Spencer. 
 j Sergt., Russell M. Knapp. 
 
 Corporal, John LeBarron. 
 , Corporal, O.N. Alleyn. 
 
 Corporal, A. F. Bott . 
 J Corporal, William Yocuni. 
 i Corporal, Geo. H. Ewing. 
 
 Corporal, John W. Smith. 
 
 Musician, M. B. Dowd. ^ 
 Privates. 
 
 Ackley, Edward 
 
 Bott, Parker H. 
 
 Beeman, Charles W. 
 
 Bravender, William 
 
 Brooks, William B. 
 
 Brooks, Homer 
 
 Boutwell, Roswell 
 I Bulling, John 
 ; Carter, Harrison R. 
 ! Crowell, George J . 
 i Congdon, Elisha 
 i Canneld, Homer 
 ' Canfield, James 
 
 Durand, David H. 
 j Docking, Robert 
 j Doane, Edward 
 i Dancer, Le Roy 
 
 Edwards, George M . 
 i Franklin, Henry B. 
 ' Gruner, George 
 I Guthrie, William J. 
 
 Hall, Lafayette P. 
 
 Hurd, De Witt C. 
 I Hartigan, Martin 
 1 Hover, John T. 
 
 Horn, Charles A. 
 
 Keeler, Martin W. 
 
 King, Andrew 
 I Kellogg, George H. 
 
HIbTORT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 395 
 
 Kellogg, Charles A . 
 Le Barron, Francis S. 
 Lutz, Christian 
 Leach, James A. 
 Lockwood, James F. 
 Lorren, Chai'les E. 
 Mower, Levi L. 
 McBride, Louis M . 
 JIayer, Jacob 
 ►Morton, Andrew M. 
 McCover, Patrick 
 JIoNelly, Hugh 
 Kewtori, Henry C. 
 O'Neil, Frank" 
 Pierce, Pardon W. 
 Prosser, John 
 
 j Richards, Evan 
 Rodman, Luman B. 
 Rodman, Leonard 
 Scheffel, John G. 
 Sellers, George 
 Showers, Gilbert 
 Seery, William 
 Snow, Charles O. 
 Sumner, George 
 Spencer, Forbes 
 Schoonmaker, George W. 
 Spencer, Janies S . 
 Sumner, John 
 Sweet, Elias C. 
 Swartwout, Joseph 
 Swartwout, Theodore 
 
 TurnbuU, James D. 
 
 Tucker, John G. 
 
 Van Alta, Aaron 
 
 Van Arsdalen, John 
 
 Wallace, Charles A. 
 
 Weidraeir, John J. 
 
 Ward, Eli 
 
 Ward, Cyrus B. 
 
 Ward, Calvin 
 ; West, Charles 
 
 Yocum, Mahlon 
 i N. C. S., George B. Arnold. 
 !n. C. S., JohnThoms. 
 
 N. C. S , Hiram R. Mills. 
 
 Tlie following promotions were made of men from this county: 
 David E. .Vinsworth, from Second to First Lieutenant; Charles T. 
 Allen, from First Lieut, to Captg,in; George B. Arnold, Sergeant 
 Major to Second and First Lieut.; Oliver Blood, Sergeant to Second 
 and First Lieut., Captain; Alexander Bush, Sergeant to First Lieut., 
 (Japtain; Roswell P. Carpenter, First Lieut, to Captain; Byron 
 M. Cutcheon, Captain to Major, Lieut.-Colonel, Colonel Brevet, 
 Brigadier General; Albert A. Day, Sergeant to Second and First 
 Lieut.,Captain, Brevet Major; Claudius B. Grant,Captain to Major, 
 Lieut.-Colonel, Colonel; Lewis S. Holden, Sergeant Major to 
 Second and First Lieut., and Captain; John E. Irwin, First Lieut, 
 to C^aptain; Eeuben E. Manning, Sergeant to Second and First 
 Lieut.; Charles W. Maynard, Sergeant to First Lieut.; Walter 
 McCollum, Second to First Lieut., Captain; Hiram E,. Mills, Hos- 
 pital Steward to Ass't Surgeon; David S. Monroe, Sergeant to 
 Second Lieut. ; Andrew Morton, Sergeant to Second Lieut. ; Joseph 
 R. Mowrj, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut.; Augustus N. 
 Parker, Sergeant to First Lieut., Captain; Bjron R. Porter, Com. 
 Sergeant to Second Lieut.; Samuel H. Row, Sergeant to Second 
 atid First Lieut.; Daniel Sheehan, Jr., Sergeant to First Lieut.; 
 Prescott M. Skinner, Sergeant to First Lieut., Captain; Homer 
 Spencer, Sergeant to First Lieut.; John Thorns, Com. Sergeant to 
 Second Lieut.; James C. TurnbuU, Private to Second Lieut.; Au- 
 gustus A. Van Cleve. Second to First Lieut., Captain; Clark S. 
 Wortley, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut. 
 
 The Twentieth Regiment, about one-half composed of Washtenaw 
 men, left Jackson for Washington, D. C, Sept. 1, 1862, with 1,012 
 men on the roll; was in the reserve at the battle of Fredericksburg; 
 suffered much from sickness in camp near Falmouth; moved March 
 19 to Kentucky, where a detachment suiFered a severe loss from an 
 attack by Morgan's forces, and, the next day. May 10, the entire 
 regiment was attacked by Morgan at Horse-shoe Bend, with a loss 
 of 29 men, and 350 to the enemy. The regiment then reinforced 
 Grant at Yicksburg, and after the surrender of this place it went 
 into the interior of the State, where it suffered a great deal from 
 sickness; moved to Kentucky and Tennessee; engaged in the siege 
 
:396 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of Knoxville; afterward, on their way to Blain's Cross Roads, suf- 
 fered many privations and hardships; rejoining the army of the 
 Potomac, engaged in the battle of the Wilderness, siege of Peters- 
 burg, battle of Poplar Grove Church; passed the winter of 1864r-'5 
 in the trenches within 200 yards of the enemy at Petersburg; 
 March 25, it engaged in a severe contest at that place, which re- 
 sulted, after considerable loss, in driving the enemy back; a few 
 days afterward the Union forces took possession of Petersburg. 
 From Petersburg they were ordered to Alexandria, via City Point, 
 and from there to Washington, and participated in the review of 
 the Army of the Potomac. The regiment was mustered out of 
 service on the 30th of May; was paid off" and disbanded at .Jackso;i, 
 Michigan, on the 9th of June. The regiment participated in 30 
 battles and skirmishes during the service, and the losses were: 
 Died in action or of wounds received, 102; died of disease, 125; 
 wounded in action, 371; taken prisoners, i; total, 602. 
 
 TWENTY-FIBST INFANTRY. 
 
 Some 10 men from this county cast their lot with the Twenty- 
 first Infantry as follows: 
 
 COMFANV I[. 
 
 Fowler, Alfred ' 
 Sissons, Henry 
 
 Company I. 
 Privates. 
 Belding, Benjamin F. 
 Eggleston, Samuel E. 
 Laughey, James K. 
 
 Millinger, .losepli F. 
 Sissons, Augustus F. 
 Sissons, Foster P. 
 Swift, George 
 Bwift, Henry M. 
 
 TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 
 
 Twelve Washtenaw men were with the Twenty-second Infantry, 
 the names of vviiom are given as follows: 
 
 Company F. 
 Guest, George 
 Lee, Barnard J. S. 
 
 Company G. 
 Harshaw, Michael 
 
 Company U. 
 Non-coiiuii issioned (■fficern. 
 Musician, Herrick, .Josiah 
 
 Musician, Isham, Almond I 
 H. 
 
 Privities- 
 
 Cushman, James 
 Foote, George E. 
 Van ^yckle, Andrew 
 
 Company I. 
 
 ] <ioodell. Harvey B. 
 Berg't., Lewis C. Mead. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Monroe, George 
 I Power, Abrani L. 
 
 TVVENTY-THIKD INFANTRY. 
 
 The following named enlisted in this regiment: 
 
 Company D. 
 Packard, Abram 
 Packai-d, George 
 
 Company E. 
 Spraguc, Henry 
 
 Company G. 
 Privates. 
 Grad3\ Lyman C. 
 Hooker, Hiram S. 
 Houghton, William 
 Kinney, James W. 
 
 Martin, Stephen E. P. 
 Mooney, John 
 Rankin, Josiah 
 Sherman, John 
 
 Company I. 
 Donoughue, William 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 
 TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY'. 
 
 397 
 
 Company A. 
 Kent, William 
 Moore, .James ('. 
 Moore, Thomas 
 
 Company B. 
 Krapohl, Anton 
 
 CorPANY C. 
 Noa-cointidisioned Officern. 
 Sergeant, Augustus Pomc- 
 roy. 
 
 Private^. 
 Babbitt, John W. 
 Checken, Thomas 
 Dennis, Henr}' C. 
 Doig, John JI. 
 Greening, Michael 
 Greening, John 
 Horn, George 
 James, John H. 
 Kells, William 
 McNett, Benjamin 
 Phillips, Samuel W. 
 Quance, William H. 
 
 Company D. 
 Farland, August 
 Jackson, John F. 
 
 COMPAXV E. 
 Beleon, John F. 
 Campion, William 
 Carrick, Orrin 
 
 CoMPAXv F. 
 Non-comminnoned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Chas. Bucklin. 
 Sergeant, L. H. Chamber- 
 lain. 
 
 Corporal, Jjcvi >?. Freeman. 
 
 Priixites. 
 .Armstrong, Chaiies E. 
 Bailey, William H. 
 Brookleback, George 
 Crawley, Jeremiah 
 Crittenden, S. E. 
 C^otteii, Edwin 
 French, Evi 
 Fuller, Almeron 
 Gafttey, James 
 Holloway, George 'M. 
 Knapp, Irwin W. 
 Letts, Charles 
 Niles, S. R. 
 O'Neal, Thomas 
 Plass, Edwin 
 Shier, William II. 
 Shier, Prank T. 
 Sons, Albert 
 Turner, A . R. 
 Webster, Daniel U. 
 
 Company II. 
 Privates. 
 Auston, Appolies 
 French, Eri 
 Konscut, James II. 
 Turner, xYlfred 
 Turner, Henry 
 McNames, II. 
 
 Company I. 
 Privates. 
 Donahue, Michael 
 Franklin, Henry 
 
 (iault, William 
 Richard, Franklin 
 Sly, William W. 
 Smith, Harvey 
 Warner, William 1). 
 
 Cll.MPANY K. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Anderson, James 
 Cook, John 
 Engle, George S. 
 Griffith, ChaunceyJM. 
 Hewes, John 
 Merrimau, Edward 
 iVIiller, Robert 
 McVay, Ezra 
 Newton, Thoma-s 
 Phelps, Samuel O. 
 Reid, Albert II. 
 Veitz, John 
 Webb, James H. 
 
 Assigned no Company. 
 
 : Cornwall, George 
 i Cantield, Moulton II. 
 
 Cole, James S. 
 
 Cole, Jacob 
 
 Fowler, John R. 
 
 Haight, Henry J . 
 ' Hartigan, Michael 
 
 Hendershot, Nelson 
 
 Niblas, John 
 
 Perry, Jasper 
 
 Robinson, Edward 
 
 N. 0. S., Edwin Cotton 
 
 The promotions made are as follows: Lewis II. Chamberlain, 
 Sergeant to First Lieut, and Adjutant; Augustus C. Poineroy, 
 Sergeant to Second Lieut. 
 
 This regiment contained a good number of men from Washte- 
 naw county, and left its rendezvous at Detroit Aug. 29, 1862, on its 
 way to Washington. It was on duty in Maryland and Virginia, 
 and at Fredericksburg suffered some loss. It also participated in 
 the engagement at Fort Royal and Fitz Hugh Crossing. It was at 
 Chancellors ville, but did not become engaged. The Twenty-fourth 
 engaged in an expedition at Westmoreland Court-IIouse, which re- 
 stdted in the liberation of over 1,000 slaves. 
 
 It then went north and performed splendid service in the battle 
 of Gettysburg. After the battle it started south again and partic- 
 ipated in the movement to Mina Run on Nov. 28, 1863. It win- 
 
398 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUKTY. 
 
 tered at Culpepper, and on the opening of spring was in the army 
 of the Potomac in the campaign of 1864. It engaged in the hattles 
 of the Wilderness, Spottsyjvania Court-House, North Anna River, 
 Coal Harbor, and skirmished with the enemy near Petersburg, and 
 in the battle of Aug. 21 sustained a heav3' loss. The regiment 
 participated in the battle at Hatch's Hun on Oct. 27. It then 
 moved back to near Petersburg and destroyed part of the Weldon 
 railroad, burned bridges, etc., while wintering in the vicinity. It 
 was engaged at Dabney's Mills with a light loss. It was ordered 
 to Baltimore, and from there proceeded to Springfield, 111., and while 
 there had the honor to be selected as an escort at the funeral of 
 President Lincoln. It left Springfield for Detroit, where it arrived 
 on June 20, and on the 30th was mustered out of service, and soon 
 after was paid off and disbanded. This regiment participated in 
 20 battles and skirmishes during its entire service, and sustained a 
 loss of killed in action or of wounds, 170; died of disease, 54; 
 wounded in action, 432; taken prisoners, 60; total, 716. 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Assistant Surgeon, Francis M. Oakley. 
 
 M 
 
 (Join ni isx ianed Officers 
 ( haplain, .Ion. Blanchard 
 Asst. Surg., Francis 
 
 Oaklej'. 
 Hospital Steward, Benja- 
 min Fairchilds. 
 CoMrA>'Y B. 
 Chaplain, .Jon. Blancliard. 
 
 Privntcs. 
 Smith, Ira 
 Finch, David 
 
 Company C. 
 
 Comiii. s.nnned Oflicerx. 
 
 First Lieut., E. Hardley. 
 
 PrivateH. 
 Annitagc, Thomas 
 
 TWENTY- SIXTH INFAXTRY. 
 
 Boyle, .James 
 . ' Billings, Charles 
 
 Dunn, Cornelius 
 i Low, Henry 
 i -Low, Joseph 
 I McGuire, Peter 
 
 C'OMPANY E. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Rice, (,'harles 
 Waldron, Leonard A. 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Britton, .John 
 Chase, Elias C. 
 Hammond, George A. 
 Van Antwerp, Milton 
 WiUi,s, Charles 
 
 Company G. 
 Gotnitiissioned OJfii'ei's. 
 Second Lieut., Jjawrencc 
 Burch. 
 
 Company IL. 
 Irwin, Charles C. 
 
 Company I. 
 Brokaw, William H. 
 
 COMI'ANY K. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Jas. P. Mosher. 
 
 Privates. 
 I Cole, Henry 
 Smith, .John M. 
 Sherwood, Edward 
 
 ^ Lawrence I). Bnrch was promoted from Second to First Lieut.; 
 Edu'in Hadley, First Lieut, to Captain ; James P. Mosher, Sergeant 
 to Second Lient. 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 This regiment was well represented with Washtenaw county 
 men. The following names comprise the enlistments from this 
 
 countv: 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 399 
 
 Coiu>a:ny a. 
 McDonald, Daniel 
 
 CoMl'ANY B. 
 
 Howell, Henry O. 
 Kogers, Edwin R. 
 
 CoMl'ANY C. 
 ililler, Charles 
 Mitchell, Jerome 
 
 COMl'AXY D. 
 
 Privatex. 
 
 Cooper, Henry C. 
 Chibadon, Andrew 
 Curry, Lawrence 
 Fuller, John 
 Forsyth, James 
 
 Ford, David 
 
 Kenney, Hiram H. 
 
 Lake, Almon 
 
 McMahon, Andrew J. 
 
 McFarland. Henry C. 
 
 Meighan, John 
 
 O'Connor, Maurice 
 
 Smalley, Albretus 
 
 Smalley, INIortiraer E. 
 . Stark, Menzo il. 
 ' Smith, Monroe 
 
 Talcott, Joseph 
 ' "White, John 
 
 Young, Lyman 
 
 Company E. 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 
 Second Lieut., A. H. Bolio. 
 
 Privates. 
 I Apple, Conrad 
 Andrews, James 
 Bolio, Franklin 
 Maroney, Thomas 
 Wimmau, William 
 
 Company F. 
 Smith, Samuel A. 
 
 Company G. 
 Cleveland, George 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Davis, Leonard 
 Fitzgerald, John 
 Goodrich, Morrell 
 
 FIRST 
 
 IXDKl'KN'DEXT COMPANY SHARPSHOOTERS ATTACHED TO 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Galligan, Daniel 
 
 I Thomas, George 
 
 Zurich, George T. 
 
 SECOND INDEPENDENT COMPANY SHARPSHOOTERS ATTACHED TO 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Barnum, V. H. 
 
 Cain, Cornelius 
 I Marshall, Hamilton E. 
 I McMahoD, John 
 j McQuiimey, Arthur 
 
 I Company E. 
 
 Cartwright, Henry 
 
 Company F. 
 Arnold, Jefl'erson C. 
 
 Company G. 
 Vogle, Jacob 
 
 Co^fPANY H. 
 
 McGill, Thomas 
 
 Martin, Robin C. 
 Monroe, James 
 
 Company C. 
 Tomlinson, Benjamin 
 
 Cu.NtPANY D. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bourbourg, Lewis 
 
 Samuel McQuaid was promoted from Musician to Second Lieut. 
 
 This regiment, represented by quite a number of brave men from 
 this county, left its rendezvous at Ypsilanti on April 12, 1803, for 
 Kentucky, ^)^a Cincinnati, and from there moved in June to Mis- 
 sissippi. It participated in a skirmish near Jackson; a reconnois- 
 sanee near Pearl river, and then returned to Kentucky. It 
 marched via Cumberland Gap to Knoxville, Tenti., arriving there 
 Sept. 26; it participated in the siege at that place, and on JMov. 
 17 marched via Hall's Gap and Camp Dick Robinson, to 
 Nicholasville, Kentucky. From there it proceeded to Warren- 
 ton Junction via Annapolis Junction, Washington and Manas- 
 sas. Here it joined the Army of the Potomac and engaged in the 
 campaign of 1865. Participating in the battles during May, it 
 arrived at Petersburg the fore part of June, and was engaged in 
 the battles on the 17th and 18th. It also engaged in battles fought 
 the 19th and 20th of August on the Weldon railroad. On Sept. 
 30 the regiment was engaged at Poplar Grove Church. It marched 
 back to Petersburg, and on April 1 and 2; made demonstration on 
 the enemy's lines, failing on the first, but on the latter date sue- 
 
400 
 
 MISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ceeding admirably. It entered the city with the victorious army 
 on the 3d. After the evacuation of Petersburg by the rebels, the 
 regiment joined in the pursuit of Lee's army. It remained in Vir- 
 ginia till the 18th, and then departed for Washington, where it took 
 part in the grand review. It was mustered out of service at Tan- 
 nailvtown, JD. C, July 26, and started for Detroit, reaching there 
 on the 29th, and in a few days was paid off and discharged. The 
 regiment engaged in 30 battles and skirmislies. The losses'were: 
 Died in action or of wounds received, 159; died of disease, 77; 
 wounded in action, 517; taken prisoners, 38; total, 791. 
 
 TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 
 
 The Adjutant-General's reports contain the following names 
 credited to Washtenaw county in this regiment: 
 
 Company A. 
 Privates. 
 Bordine, Charles W. 
 Carpenter, James P. 
 Curtis, Henry 
 Curtiss, Andrew J. 
 Dowdiug, Solomon 
 Farley, Michael 
 Follett, Ephraim 
 FoUett, Edward 
 Miller, Sidney A. 
 Stone, Calvin H. 
 
 Company B. 
 Prhatex. 
 Broody, John 
 Epley, Elijah 
 Knapp, John 
 Means, Robert P . 
 Riddle, Charles 
 
 Company D. 
 Privaies. 
 Allair, Charles H. 
 Armstrong, James 
 Bailey, James M. 
 Bliss, Luther A. 
 Bliss, Clement 
 Bray man, Jesse A. 
 Decker, John D. 
 Elkerton, William 
 Fitzgerald, Daniel D, 
 Pulton, Harvey D. 
 Farrell, Thomas J. 
 Gallop, Nathaniel 
 Gallop, Benjamin E. 
 Grey, Daniel 
 Hubbard, William C. 
 Hurlburt, Isaac 
 Irrer, Christian 
 
 Kelley, James 
 Karr, Leander 
 Keshner, Conrad 
 Perkins, William 
 Partridge, Alfred 
 Putman, George H. 
 Ryan, Edward 
 Satterlee, Leroy 
 
 I Sherwood, Samuel R. 
 
 I Vanderpool, John 
 Youngs, Lawrence 
 
 Company F 
 
 [ Donley, Thomas 
 i Graham, Sidney 
 i Page, George W. 
 
 Company K. 
 Walker, Robert M. 
 Willis, David 
 
 The following are the promotions: James P. Carpenter, Sergeant 
 to Second Lieut.; Jolin E. Kenyon, Sergeant to Second and First 
 Lieut.; William •A. Maetzke, Q.-M. Sergeant to Second Lieut.; 
 Oscar K. Rogers, Q.-M. Sergeant to Second Lieut. 
 
 This regiment left its rendezvous at Kalamazoo for Nashville, 
 Tenn., on the 26th of October, 1864. It arrived at Louisville, Ky., 
 on the 29th, and from there it went to Camp Nelson, then on to 
 Nashville, reaching there on Dec. 5. On Jan. 11, 1865, the regi- 
 ment embarked for Mississippi, but did not proceed very far when 
 it was ordered back, and from Louisville proceeded to Annapolis, 
 thence to Alexandria, Va., and leaving the latter place Feb. 19, it era- 
 barked for Morehead city, N. C, reaching there on the 25th, and then 
 proceeded toward Kingston, and at Wise Forks engaged the enemy 
 with a small loss. Continuing the march it reach Kingston on 
 the 14th. Then to Goldsboro, and from there to Raleigh, and after 
 the cessation of hostilities was engaged on duty at Goldsboro,Raleigh, 
 Charlotte, Lincolntown, Wilmington and Newbern until June 5, 
 
^<^s^^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 403 
 
 1866, when it was mustered out of service, and arrived at Detroit 
 on the 8th, where it was paid off and disbanded. The regiment 
 suflfered but small losses during the service. 
 
 TWENTY-NINTH INFANTKY. 
 
 The following named are Washtenaw's credits in this regiment: 
 Commissioned (Officer. I Company D. 
 
 Second Asst. Surg., Blqiore I Seaman, Joteph 
 
 I Company E. 
 
 Conner, Michael F. 
 
 Palmer. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Qest, George 
 
 I Love joy, Albert J. 
 
 I Smith, Aurick C. 
 I Company L 
 
 I Power, A. L. 
 ' Company K. 
 
 Macomber, Thomas 
 
 Company A. 
 Privates. 
 Allen, Alfred 
 Canfield, Wesley 
 CoUar, William H. 
 Connor, Dennis 
 Coleman, Henry S. 
 Clark, Charles A. 
 Carr, Charles W. 
 Congden, James 
 Ely, Moses H. 
 Prayer, Peter E. 
 Gorton, Edwin D. 
 Jones, jr., George 
 Eamey, Miller 
 Marvin, John J. 
 Marvin, Charles J. 
 Palmer, Kussell C. 
 Bobbins, William A. 
 Stone, Charles A. 
 
 THIKTIETH INFANTKY. 
 
 Smith, George W. 
 Shoven, George 
 Smith, jr., Alvah 
 Stevenson, Washington P. 
 Tm^ibolt, Thomas 
 Tuttle, John O. 
 
 Company B. 
 Smith, Abel O. 
 Taylor, John R. 
 
 Company F. 
 Privates. 
 Brooks, Harrison 
 Crosby, Nathaniel 
 Earl, George W. 
 Elton, George W. 
 Evans, George 
 Fuller, George 
 Letts, Charles E. 
 Nichols, Frank 
 
 Russell, John 
 Schofield, Daniel D. 
 Wint, Lewis 
 White, Freeman 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Godfrey, Harrison W. 
 Wiman, Charles G. 
 Walters, Viliman 
 
 Company I. 
 Commissioned Officer. 
 Captain, John H Sackett. 
 
 Privates. 
 Adams, Nelson 
 Babcock, Sylvester 
 Hall, William H. 
 Marshall, George W. 
 Titus, Freeman 
 
 The following are the promotions : Granville S. Coleman, Ser- 
 geant to Second Lieut. ; Barlow Davis, Second to First Lieut. ; El- 
 bert H. Pennell Second to First Lieut. 
 
 FIRST engineers' AND MECHANICS' INFANTRY. 
 
 Company A. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Andrews, Nathan 
 Chadwick, William 
 Chandler, William M. 
 Chandler, John H. 
 Cawley, William B. 
 Dorr, George P. 
 Dinsdale, C!hristopher 
 Ellis, John J. 
 Pitz-Simmons, Eleazer L. 
 Hatch, Julien 
 Hill, Robert P. 
 Harrington, James F. 
 26 
 
 Harrington, Sidney D. 
 Kelley, William H. 
 Lawrence, Abram E. 
 Moore, George K. 
 Meyer, Frederick 
 Meyer, Simon 
 Manchester, Benson 
 Rothfus, Jacob 
 Schnel, Emanuel 
 Stephenson, David 
 Spear, Henry 
 Schewell, Edward 
 Staley, George W. 
 Smith, George H. 
 Stevens, Erastus 
 
 Turk, George 
 Todd, Luther F. 
 
 Company F. 
 Privates. 
 Carter, James 
 Clark, Rinaldo 
 Dutton, Joseph 
 Dutton, Nelson 
 Fleming, William W. 
 
 Company G. 
 Privates. 
 Crossley, Benjamin 
 Dowd, Judson W. 
 
404 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Emerson, Edward 
 McKenzie, Duncan 
 Rhodes, Hiram 
 Reed, Robert 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Non-coramiasioned Officer. 
 Sergeant, Albert Vander- 
 marker. 
 
 Pri-oates. 
 Craft, Edward P. 
 Baston, Josiah 
 Larzalere, George 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officer. 
 Musician, Chas. H.Munson 
 
 Privates 
 Brown, Asa O. 
 Brown, Alfred G. 
 Bortles, Theodore 
 Cochran. David L. 
 Clark, Washington 
 Davis, Andrew J. 
 Greening, Michael 
 Howe, Charles N. 
 Hellee, William F. 
 
 Hewitt, Thomas C. 
 Hewitt, Charles W. 
 Jennings, Morris B. 
 Jobbitt, William H. 
 Parker, Emer 
 Post, Jared L. 
 Steffy, Enos 
 Thoms, John 
 
 Company K. 
 Non-commissioned Officer. 
 Wagoner, R. Spencer. 
 
 Privates. 
 Howe, John L. 
 Wilcox, Jason 
 
 This regiment left its rendezvous at Marshall Dec. 17, 1861, for 
 Louisville, with an aggregate force of 1,032. Tiie first service per- 
 formed by the regiment was mostly done by detachments. One ot 
 these detachments, nnder Gen. O. M. Mitchell, comprised the first 
 Union troops to enter Bowling Green, after its evacuation by the 
 enemy. The regiment was mostly engaged in the repair or reopen- 
 ing of railroads between some of the principal points in Kentucky 
 and Tennessee. On Jan. 1, 186-3, the regiment was attacked 
 at Lavergne, by a large cavalry force of the enemy numbering 
 about 3,500 men. The rebels were defeated with considerable loss, 
 while the regiment lost only oae killed and six wounded. During 
 the greater part of this year, the regiment was engaged in building 
 bridges on the railroads in the South. The regiment was stationed 
 at Elk River bridge, Oct. 31. In March and April a portion of 
 the regiment was engaged in running saw-mills, getting out rail- 
 road ties and building hospital accommodations. In June, July, 
 August and September the regiment, with the exception of two 
 companies, were engaged on the line of the Atlanta & Western 
 railroad, building, repairing, etc., with headquarters at Atlanta, 
 Georgia. The regiment during this time did not perform much 
 fighting, but did a great amount of work of much value to the 
 armies with which it had been connected. It re-enlisted as a vet- 
 eran regiment on Oct. 31, 1864, and on Nov. 16, it formed a 
 part of the engineer force of the 20th and 17th Army Corps, 
 when " Sherman marched down to the sea." In Savannah, the 
 regiment constructed some fine lines of works. It then went to 
 Goldboro, via Beaufort, thence to Raleigh, and from there pro- 
 ceeded to Washington, via Petersburg, Richmond aud Alexandria. 
 It participated in the review at the city of Washington, and then 
 encamped near Georgetown, D. C. In June it went to Louisville, 
 and from there to Nashville, where it was mustered .out of service 
 Sept. 22d, arriving at Jackson Sept. 25, and Oct. 1 was paid 
 off' and discharged. The regiment saw but nine battles, not 
 being connected with the fighting force of the armies. The total 
 losses were: Died in action or of wounds received, eight; died 
 of disease, 245; wounded in action, 17; taken prisoners, 15; total, 
 285. 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 405 
 
 ONE HUNDEED AND SECOND EEGIMENT OF UNJTED STATES 
 COLOEED TEOOPS. 
 
 Field and Staff Officer, Jas. 
 A. McKnight. 
 
 COMPANT A. 
 
 Privates. 
 Anderson, John 
 Archie, Thomas 
 Battles, Wilson 
 Bowles, John 
 Fizer, Luke 
 Stewart, Hezekiah 
 Watts, Albert 
 
 Company B. 
 Almond, James 
 Davis, Thomas J. 
 Hailstock, Eli 
 York, David 
 
 OOMPANT C. 
 
 Privates. 
 Embrose, WiUiam 
 Ford, Jerry 
 Gay, John 
 Gpings, Daniel 
 Goings, Wesley 
 Hart, John H. 
 Hawkins, Washington 
 Johnson, Richard 
 Moore, George 
 Watts, Lexey 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Privates. 
 Basley, John 
 Hill, G-eorge 
 Johnson, William C. 
 Lewis, Robert E. 
 Lewis, William B. 
 Company E. 
 
 Privates. 
 Callender, Alexander 
 
 Dudley, Greene 
 Freeman, Harvey B. 
 Henderson, Samuel 
 Johnson, John 
 Morgan, Joseph 
 Patton, Jeremiah 
 Preston, Richard 
 Robinson, Harvey 
 Thompson, James 
 Williams, Albert 
 
 Company F. 
 Privates. 
 Bell, Lewis 
 Bishop, Solomon 
 Grayson, Henry 
 Jackson, Daniel 
 Johnson, Woodford 
 Oliver, Jesse 
 RatclifE, Albert J. 
 Sterling, Martin 
 Shorter, Lloyd 
 Turner, Henry 
 Ward, James R. 
 
 Company G. 
 
 Priv 
 
 Allen, James 
 Blackstine, Henry 
 Clay, Henry 
 Duncan, James M . 
 Douglass, James 
 Fassett, Henry 
 Jackson, James W. 
 Jones, William R. 
 Pratt, James W. 
 Powers, William 
 Tucker, William P. 
 Wilson, John 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Bell, Jefferson 
 Lucas, Noah 
 Lupkins, George 
 Mannel, Martin 
 Newson, Edward 
 Porter, Isaac 
 Wade, John 
 Weaver, William P. 
 Washington, William 
 Wilson, Edward 
 Wilson, William H. H. 
 
 Company I. 
 Privates. 
 Bell, John 
 Brooks, Paul W. 
 Bowser, Daudridge 
 Camel, John 
 Combs, Alfred 
 Hostins, Charles 
 Jones, Stephen 
 Morris, King 
 Paris, Henry 
 Stanton, Daniel 
 Thomas, Alfred E. 
 Washington, Horace 
 
 Company K. 
 Privates. 
 Allen, Myron 
 Dotaon, John 
 King, Elijah 
 LucHS, William 
 Pritchard, Isaiah 
 Stowers, David 
 Scroggins, Alexander 
 Taylor, Henry 
 Troutman, Simon 
 Vineyard, Andrew 
 Waldron, John S. 
 WiUis, John 
 
 FIEST MICHIGAN SHAEP-SHOOTEES. 
 
 Th following names comprise the list of Washtenaw men in 
 the First Michigan Sharp-shooters: 
 
 Company A. 
 Chase, Benjamin 
 
 Company B. 
 Harris, Isaac 
 
 Company D. 
 Privates. 
 Calhoun, Charles 
 Clark, John 
 Klkina, Cornelius 
 
 George, Warren 
 Green, John T. 
 Hart, Andrew 
 Vlning, Mark 
 Wick, William 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Conklin, Edwin O. 
 Fountain, Florain 
 Pride, Ezra 
 
 Company G. 
 Campbell, Alonzo 
 Hartley, George W. 
 MoUey, David F. 
 
 Company H. 
 Engle, Norman 
 Taylor, William 
 
 Company I. 
 Walton, Israel 
 
406 UI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Wm. H. H. Beadle promoted from Lieut.-Col. to Brevet Colonel 
 and Brigadier-General; Edwin J. Buckbee, First Lieut, to Major, 
 Brevet Lieut.-Gol.; Samuel E. Hudson, First Lieut, to Captain; 
 Willian H. Kandall, private to Second Lieut., Captain. 
 
 This regiment was organized in the fall of 1862 and spring of 
 1863, and then rendezvoused at Dearborn. As Morgan with his 
 raiders was then in Indiana and Ohio, the regiment was ordered to 
 Indianapolis and then to Seymour, Ind. It followed Morgan, and 
 attacking his rear giiard, captured some prisoners. The regiment 
 then came back toJOearborn, and from there moved to Chicago and 
 guarded rebel prisoners. From Chicago it proceeded to Annapo- 
 ns, and then to Warrenton Junction, via Alexandria, where it 
 joined the army of the Potomac. Participating in the battles of 
 that army, it arrived in front of Petersburg, where it remained 
 until August, 1864:. It engaged with the enemy at the Weldon 
 and South Side railroads during September and October, also 
 having a slight skirmish with the rebels at Peeble's Farm. The 
 regiment remained around Petersburg, and on the 2d and 3d par- 
 ticipated in the assault, and was one of the first regiments to enter 
 the city with the Union army. It then proceeded to Washington, 
 via Alexandria, and was mustered out of service at Georgetown, 
 D. C, July 28, and started for home. It was disbanded at Jacks«n. 
 The regiment engaged in 23 battles and skirmishes; the casualties 
 were: Died in action or of wounds received, 106; died of disease, 
 50; wounded in action, 227; total, 383. 
 
 Non-comniisno7ied Officers. 
 Corporal, James Tice. 
 Corporal, C. G. Cook. 
 
 Privates. 
 Aldrich, Ira 
 
 STANTON GUARDS. 
 
 Barnum, Heniy V. 
 Bridges, George 
 Cressen, William H. 
 Francisco, Charles 
 Garrison, Samuel J. 
 
 Hosford, Ambrose S. 
 Seigel, William 
 Wallace, Alexander 
 West, George W. 
 Wick, William J. 
 
 FIRST UNITED STATES SHARP-SHOOTERS. 
 
 Company C. | Company I. i Company K. 
 
 Wise, Harmon J. j Merrill, George R. | Parker, Orville 
 
 DUESLER's SHARP-SHOOTERS. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officer. | Primtes. I Harrington, Charles 
 
 Corporal, Jacob T. Wise . | Herdman, William. Harrington, Jeremiah 
 
 I I Wise, Harmon 
 
 STUABt's SHARP-SHOOTERS. 
 Preston, Theodore 
 
 Mather's sharp-shooters. 
 Parker, Orville 
 
history of washtenaw county. 
 willett's sharp-shooters. 
 
 407 
 
 Privates. 
 Alchin, Henry 
 Cole, Keuben 
 Dunlap, John R. 
 
 Ford, D wight 
 Ford, Charles 
 Hoisington, George L. 
 Merrell,George R. 
 
 Robinson, Allen P. 
 Spencer, Festus 
 Smith, Marcus 
 Throop, George H . 
 
 MICHIGAN SOLDIERS IN REGIMENTS OF OTHER STATES. 
 
 EOETY-SETENTH OHIO INFANTRY. 
 
 Jackson, Thomas C. 
 
 FIRST CAVALRY. 
 
 Company A. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Henry C. Ide. 
 Corporal, Henry Post. 
 Corporal, P. J. Shaffer. 
 Corporal, M. C. Smalley. 
 Corporal, 6. Oscar Ide. 
 Farrier, Richard Yeilding. 
 
 Privates. 
 Berry, Louis G. 
 Cook, Robert 
 Crowley, Cornelius 
 Corseliu?, Edward 
 Hinman, John 
 Hovey, Henry 
 Herrick, Edward A. 
 Heath, "William A. 
 Hill, William A. 
 Kidder, H. O. 
 Krapf, Harmon 
 Keal, Linus C. 
 Loomis, George A. 
 Rood, Carrol L. 
 bchaffer, Milo B. 
 Struder, Adam 
 Teeple, Dewitt H. 
 Vanderwaker, Edwin 
 Wideroder, John C. 
 Winans, Niles H. 
 
 Company B. ^ 
 
 Commissioned Officer. 
 SecondLieut., E. L.Negus. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Henry C. Pierce. 
 Musician, Benjamin Cole. 
 Saddler, Jacob Baker. 
 Wagoner, E. Quackenbush. 
 
 Privates. 
 Altenberg, David W. 
 Albright, James C. 
 Arnold, William 8. 
 Butterfield, George J. 
 Bostwick, Harrison F. 
 
 Ball, George R. 
 Brownell,. Henry W. 
 Brown ell, Joseph H. 
 Berry, Lewis G. 
 CoUyer, Lansing 
 Chatfield, William H. 
 Dubois, Christopher C. 
 Dunlap, Henry 
 Decker, James C. 
 Dubois, Charles L. 
 Damon, Charles L. 
 Dunbar, Eugene J. 
 Eggleston, Charles R. 
 Frazer, James B. 
 Haner, Howard 
 Hatch, Spencer B. 
 Harrington, Morey 
 Leonard, Chester P. 
 Manchester, Darius 
 McKenzie, Douglass 
 Morgan, Dorr 
 Negus, Charles L. 
 Peatt, Henry 
 Partridge, Ephraim H. 
 Ryan, Michael 
 Smith, Dewitt C. 
 Ulch, John 
 Van Orden, Robert 
 Welch, John 
 Wood, Stephen 
 
 Company C. 
 Non-commissioned Officers 
 Sergeant, Henry Goodrich. 
 Sergeant, Wm. Bateman. 
 Corporal, Ethan Allen. 
 
 Privates . 
 Arnold, William S. 
 Cobb, George P. 
 Dennis, George E. 
 Dwelle, James H. 
 Johnson, Ezekiel 
 Mann, Jacob R. 
 Parmalee, Alonzo 
 Place, Daniel 
 Rice, Darius 
 
 Schmalzried, Frederick 
 Sherman, George W. 
 Tiernay, James 
 Ward, John 
 White, James D. 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bodley, Thomas 
 Eggleston, Charles R. 
 Phelps, William 
 Royall, Robert 
 Smith, Charles S. 
 Webster, Thomas 
 
 CoirpANY E. 
 Haner, Warren 
 Rook, James 
 
 Company F. 
 Privates . 
 Cross, William 
 Everett, Silas 
 Herrick, Edwin A. 
 Latroman, Edward 
 Potts, Peter 
 Partridge, Ephraim 
 Roop, Hiram 
 Steel, Richard P. 
 Writzman, George 
 
 Company G. 
 Cochran, Michael 
 Wilsie, Alonzo 
 
 Co.mpany H. 
 Allen, Franklin 
 Betts, Theodore 
 
 Company I. 
 Privates. 
 Birdsall, Frank 
 Clemens, Samuel 
 Fish, George E. 
 Fenner, David E. 
 Howser, John W. 
 Jacott, Solomon 
 Jones, Orlando 
 
408 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COtJNTT. 
 
 Smith, Marcus 
 Stuart, William 
 Stocking, Benjamin 
 Tilson, John H. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Corporal, Wm. S. Sealey. 
 Corporal, Robert Dunker. 
 
 Privates. 
 Aiken, Dwight A. 
 
 Bell, William E. 
 Beckley, Wheeler 
 Corev, Milo 
 Howe, Alexander H. 
 Jiprum, William 
 Powers, Fred 
 Smith, Alphonso 
 Taylor, James A. 
 
 Company L. 
 Comfort, Silas 
 Kidney, Chestine 
 
 Sapp, Dexter 
 
 Company M. 
 Privates. 
 Cleland, Thomas 
 Douglass, Selwyn 
 Knapp, Harmon 
 Lane, Edward H. 
 Sollit, Fraiklin 
 Walker, Edwin 
 N. C. S , Benj.Cole. 
 
 The following promotions were made : Chester C. Crooks, Ser- 
 geant to Second and First Lieut., Captain ; Edward L. Negns, Ser- 
 geant to Second and First Lieut., Captain ; Amos K. Smith, 
 Hospital Steward to Asst. Surgeon, Surgeon ; De Witt C. Smith, 
 Sergeant- Major to Second and First Lieut., Captain. 
 
 This regiment, represented in five. or six companies from Wash- 
 tenaw countj', left the rendesvous at Detroit, on Sept. 29,1861. 
 It wintered at Frederick, Maryland, and saw considerable service 
 in Virginia. It was engaged at Winchester, Orange Court-House, 
 and Bull Kun. During the fore part of 1863, the regiment was 
 engaged in grand guard duty in front of the defenses of Washing- 
 ton. It participated in the battle of Gettysburg, losing in six 
 minutes, 11 officers and 80 men. At Falling Waters, it captured 
 500 prisoners and two stands of colors. It was in the en- 
 gagement at Mine Run, and enlisting as Veteran Volunteers it was 
 furloughed. It arrived in the field again and was witii the Army 
 of the Potomac in the early part of the 1864 campaign. During 
 the month of July the regiment marched 175 miles. It was under 
 Phil. II. Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, and win- 
 tered at Winchester, Virginia. Breaking camp, it again joined 
 Sheridan in his James Kiver expedition ; then again joined the 
 Army of the Potomac, and was present at the surrender of Lee. 
 It then moved to Petersburg, thence into North Carolina. In June 
 it was ordered to the far West, and reached Camp Collins, at the 
 base of the Rocky mountains, July 26th. About the last of July 
 it was detached from Camp Collins to hold a position at Willow 
 Springs, where it had a brief skirmish with the Indians. It then 
 moved to Fort Bridger. After consolidating with the 6th and 7th 
 Michigan Cavalry it was called the First Michigan Veteran Cavalry. 
 Eight companies were sent forward to Camp Douglass, at Salt Lake 
 City, four companies being retained at Fort Bridger. The regi- 
 ment garrisoned these two stations until March 10, 1866, when it 
 was mustered out of service, paid oif and disbanded. The regiment 
 participated in some forty-one battles and skirmishes. The total 
 losses of the regiment were : Died in action, or wounds received, 
 134; died of disease, 100; wounded in action, 160 ; taken prisoners, 
 170 ; total, 664. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 409 
 
 SECOND CAVALRY. 
 
 Company B. 
 Shea, Otis 
 
 Company C. 
 
 CoUum, Samuel 
 FoUen, Michael 
 
 Company D. 
 Coakley, Samuel I. 
 King, Charles 
 
 Long, Aaron 
 
 Company E. 
 Lines, Isaac M. 
 
 Company F. 
 Dart, George I. 
 Fox, Dudley 
 
 Company H. 
 Crandall, Oscar 
 
 Culver, John E. 
 Mullidge, Richard 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Case, Alphonso 
 
 Company M. 
 
 Guantlitt, Joseph 
 Redman, Jesse 
 
 THIRD CAVALRY. 
 
 Battalion Adjutant, Wm. 
 
 C. Stevens. 
 Sergeant.-Major, Wm. A. 
 
 Martin. 
 Saddle Sergeant, Orville F. 
 
 Webste r. 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Oommissioned Officer. 
 
 Second Lieut., T. B. Weir. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Wm. C. Boyd. 
 Corporal, C.N. Curdendall. 
 Farrier, A. D. Markham. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bedell, James 
 Nelson, Seymour 
 Russell, Matthew 
 Russell, Samuel 
 Spoor, Stephen H. 
 Sleight, Jacob P. 
 Vorhees, feter 
 Waterworth, Albert 
 
 Company D. 
 Oommissioned Officers. 
 Captain, Daniel Kellogg. 
 First Lieut., C. Newell. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, T. W. Elton. 
 Corporal, Daniel Barker. 
 Corporal, G. H. Mansfield. 
 Corporal, Amzi H. Moore. 
 Corporal, F. L. Tenny. 
 Corporal, Jas. M. Weeks. 
 
 Privates. 
 Armstrong, Robert. 
 Babcock, Edwin G. 
 Brooks, Angelo V. 
 Bennett, Charles 
 Briggs, John 
 Case, James H. 
 Cady, Abraham C. 
 Coats, George V. 
 Copps, Peter V. 
 Daley, Charles 
 
 Everett, Charles B. 
 Everett, Franklin 
 Foster, George W. 
 Geer, George 
 Hondin, John 
 Haner, Oscar 
 Hurd, Reuben H. 
 Kelly, Silas 
 Kyte, Arthur 
 Kern, Benjamin 
 Ladd, Carlos N. 
 Mundy, Caleb 
 Mundy, Godfrey 
 Markham, Victor 
 Moore, James M. 
 McMstth, Robert W. 
 McCormick, James H. 
 Newton, Stephen 
 O'Connor, Andrew 
 Parsons, Orrin 
 Rose, Albert P. 
 Rose, Chester 
 Stearns, Benjamin 
 Sticking. Edwin 
 Smith, William J 
 Smith, William H. 
 Thompson, Hippocrates R. 
 Treat, Amasa H. 
 Trotter, Buchanan 
 Tucker, Joseph 
 West, James 
 White, Elisha 
 White, Robert 
 Wilcklow, Edwin A. 
 Company E. 
 
 De Camp, Henry 
 Ford, Neal C. 
 Holland, Marble E. 
 McDaniels, William H. 
 Service, John 
 
 Company F. 
 Demott, Levi 
 Perkins, Henry 
 
 Company G. 
 
 Oommissioned Officers. 
 
 Capt., T. V. Quackenbush. 
 
 First Lieut., Wm. C. Ste- 
 vens. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 
 Sergt. , Ira H. Owen. 
 Sergt., Darwin E. Hand. 
 Corporal, George A. Bird. 
 Corporal, Henry Haigler. 
 Corporal, Wm. A. Lenox. 
 Musician, Oscar Douglass. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Breitmire, George 
 Clark, George W. 
 Clark, William A. 
 Cook, John B. 
 Cunningham, Henry 
 Corner, Charles 
 Chandler, Orson A. i 
 
 Dolkey, Ferdinand 
 Diamond, Henry W. 
 Featherly, Thomas 
 Hoops, Anthony 
 Higgle, Thomas H. 
 Jewell, Harrison 
 Keedle, Henry 
 Lenox, Peter 
 Lilley, James 
 Mason, Albert 
 McGue, Lawrence 
 Nelson, Robert 
 Olsaver, Harrison 
 Palmerter, John D. 
 Roe, James F. 
 Smith, Daniel L. 
 Stevens, Charles 
 Sullivan, Charles W. 
 Todd, Joseph H. 
 Trainer, Tliomas 
 Thorp, Piesley 
 Winans, James 
 Winans, Frank B. 
 Williams, Eugene C. 
 Wright, Thomas 
 
 Company H. 
 Tupper, George H. 
 
4jl0 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Company K. 
 Non-commii»ioned Officers. 
 Corporal, Joseph Crane. 
 Corp'l, W. H. McDaniels. 
 "Wagoner, Benj. Parker. 
 
 Privates- 
 Ford, Neal D. 
 
 Jackson, William D. 
 Marks, Frederick 
 Pomeroy, Norman Q. 
 Smith, John B. 
 
 Company L. 
 Brown, Edward 
 Caldwell, Francis M. 
 
 Hardie, Walter 
 Stiles, Irving C. 
 
 Company M. 
 Bastede, Henry 
 Grumman, Lorenzo 
 
 The following pi-omotions were made: George A. Bird, Sergeant 
 to Second Lient. ; Truman W. Elton, Sergeant to Second and First 
 Lieut., Captain; James H. McCormick, Sergeant to Second and 
 First Lieut.; Cicero Newell, First Lieut, Captain, Major; Henry 
 J. Pinckney, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut.;Wm. C. Stevens, 
 First Lieut, to Captain Ninth Cavalry, Major; Thomas B. "Weir, 
 Second to First Lieut., Captain, Major, Lieut. Col. 
 
 This regiment rendezvoused at Grand Kapids, and leaving that 
 place on Nov. 28, 1871, started for St. Louis. It wintered at 
 Benton Barracks in that city. During 1862 the regiment partici- 
 pated in the battle of New Madrid, on March 13; luka, Sept. 21; 
 Corinth, Oct. 3 and 4; Holly Springs, Nov. 7; Coifeeville, i)ec. 5; 
 and in the siege of Island No. 10 and Corinth. The regiment dur- 
 ing the year 1863 moved through Tennessee and Kentuckj', and 
 entered Northern Georgia in September. It then participated in 
 the chase after Gen. Wheeler over the Cumberland mountains, 
 marching about 185 miles in six days over rough and mountainous 
 roads. 
 
 After encamping at Winchester during the winter, the regiment 
 moved over the mountains to Strawberry Plains. It participated 
 in an engagement at Dandridge with but a small loss; also had a 
 slight skirmish in December, 1863. On March 29, 1864, 300 of the 
 regiment enlisted as Veteran Volunteers, and started for Jackson, 
 Michigan, where they were furloughed for thirty days. The regi- 
 ment left Cleveland, Ohio, on May 3, and moved with Gen. Sher- 
 man's army in the Georgia campaign. It participated in several 
 skirmishes, but no large battles. 
 
 The regiment then moved by rail to Franklin, Tenn., and guarded 
 the railroads in that vicinity. It participated in the pursuit after 
 Gen. Forrest, and arrived at Florence, Alabama; thence it moved to 
 Four-Mile Creek, in that State. During the spring of 1865, the 
 Third made several raids as far south as' the Arkansas Post, on the 
 Arkansas river. At Brownsville the regiment erected a complete 
 set of winter quarters, being quite neat and tasty, resulting in 
 the place being called " Michigan City." It was then changed to 
 the Department of Arkansas and proceeded to New Orleans, thence 
 to Mobile, where it remained till the surrender of the rebel Gen. 
 Taylor. The regiment then joined Sheridan, and in the Texas cam- 
 paign, matching to San Antonio, and performed garrison duty till 
 Feb. 15, 1866, where it was dismounted and mustered out of service, 
 and proceeded -yiaNew Orleans and Cairo, to Jackson, Michigan, 
 where it was paid off and discharged. The reginient engao-ed in 
 
 o 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COTJNTT. 
 
 411 
 
 25 battles and skirmishes, and lost in killed inaction, or of wounds 
 received there, 30; died of disease, 260; wounded in action, 95; ta- 
 ken prisoners, 108; total, 493. 
 
 FOURTH CAVALRY. 
 
 Sergeant Major, Cyrus H. 
 
 Fountain. 
 Quartermaster Sergeant, T. 
 
 H. Peabody. 
 Commissary Sergeant, A. 
 
 B. Simmons. 
 Company A. 
 Quartermaster Sergeant, J. 
 
 F. Miller. 
 
 Npn-commissioned Officer). 
 Sergeant, Henry A. Harris. 
 Corporal, Thomas Davis. 
 Corporal, D. K. Clayton. 
 Corporal, G. H. Simmons. 
 Corporal, J. W. Blakeman. 
 "Wagoner, E. Comstock. 
 
 Privates. 
 Angell, Augustus 
 Ballou, William 
 Brooks, Miletus G. 
 Corbett, Joseph 
 Delaforce, James E. 
 Fullerton, James 
 Fullerton, John 
 Gooding, Othnile E. 
 Gooding, B. Franklin 
 Herron, John F. 
 Haviland, Chauncey 
 Mosher, Asa W. 
 Meritt, Luther 
 Morgan, James 
 Markham, Galen 
 Russell, Lyman J. 
 Russell, Charles E. 
 Reynolds, Robert L. 
 Smith, William P. 
 Sanderson, Lyman 
 Stewart, John 
 
 Turner, Lyman 
 Warden, David 
 
 Company B. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officer. 
 
 Sergeant, H. S. Boutell. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Gardiner, Stephen 
 Henry, Anthony 
 Travis, William H. 
 Tuttle, Nelson B. 
 
 Company C. 
 Privates. 
 Bailey, James 
 Burgess, Horace N. 
 McGregor, Duncan 
 Slocum, Orville H. 
 Simmons, Adelbert 
 
 Company D. 
 ^'ansickle, Milton 
 Company E. 
 Oommissioned Officer. 
 Captain, .Joseph B. Tolton. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Alton White. 
 Sergeant, Charles Hixon. 
 Sergeant, Edward Hines . 
 Sergeant, C. W. Van Akin. 
 Corporal, H. A. Mitchell. 
 Corporal, James Peeler. 
 Corpora], Jas. W. Bailey. 
 Farrier, Nathaniel Rix. 
 Wagoner, Wm. F. Babcock. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Baird, David M. 
 Breed, Reuben .0. 
 Brown, William H. 
 Burch, Daniel M. 
 Burch, Calhoun M. 
 Burgess, Horace W. 
 Butler, George P. 
 Carpenter, Milo T. L^ 
 Carpenter, Orlando E. t- 
 Crittenden, W. H. H. 
 Decker, Oscar 
 Ellison, Robert P. 
 Fuller, Charles F. 
 Gibson, Asa 
 Hines, John 
 Jewett, Wm. T. 
 Lane, George W. 
 Lemmon, John G. 
 Lagorney, Peter 
 Lindsey, James 
 McGregor, Duncan 
 Paddock, Charles 
 Partlow, David C. 
 Potts, Piatt G. 
 Slocum, Orville H. 
 Tichenor. William A. 
 Tripp, John 
 Tripp, Robert G. 
 Webb, Albert 
 Webster, William 
 
 Company F. 
 Cobb, De Witt C. 
 Kelly, Theodore 
 Young, Samuel 
 
 Company I. 
 Eaton, Franklin 
 
 The following promotions were made : Henry S. Boutell, Ser- 
 geant to Second and First Lieut., Brevet Captain ; Cyrus H. Foun- 
 tain, Second to First Lieut.; William Martin, Sergeant-Major to 
 Second and FirstfLieut., Captain ; John A. Palmer, Sergeant to 
 Second and First Lieut. ; Thomas IL Peabody, Sergeant to Second 
 Lieut. 
 
 The Fourth Kegiment was authorized to be organized about July 
 1, 1862, and the organization being completed, it left Detroit on the 
 26th of Sept. and started for Louisville, Kentuck}'. The regiment 
 led the advance in the attack against Morgan, and at Lebanon, 
 Kentucky, captured a large amount of commissar}' stores and cloth- 
 ing. The Fourth played terriblehavoc with the enemy at Franklin, 
 
412 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Tenn., in Dec. 1862. It had several sharp skirmishes during the 
 winter with the enemy, while stationed in Tennessee. On May 
 22, 1863, the Fourth, with other Michigan troops, attacked and 
 routed the enemy, taking 55 prisoners, and the colors of the 1st 
 Alabama (rebel) regiment. During this year (1863) the regiment 
 was engaged in skirmishing throughout the States of Tennessee 
 and Alabama. The regiment then joined the army under Gen. 
 Sherman, and moving with that force, did splendid service in de- 
 stroying bridges, arms and ammunition belonging to the rebels. 
 During 1864, the regiment was almost continually engaged with 
 Wheelers' Cavalry, and on Sept. 17 a corporal and 17 ^men being 
 in a block house, were attacked by Wheeler with 8,000 men, and 
 artillery. Although the enemy shelled the block house for over 
 five hours, they could not force a surrender, and finally retired with 
 a loss of eight killed and 60 wounded. The Corporal was promoted, 
 and the men honorably mentioned in general orders. This regi- 
 ment will long be remembered by the loyal people of this country, 
 as a detachment of the Fourth captured the Confederate President, 
 Jeiferson Davis. The following are some of the facts connected 
 with the capture . On May 7, 1865, Lieut.-Colonel Pritchard was 
 directed by Colonel Minty to proceed with the Fourth Regiment 
 as rapidly as possible to Spaulding, Irwin county, ISTorfch Carolina, 
 and picket the Ocmulgee river from Hawkiusville to the mouth of 
 the Oconee river, for preventing the escape of Jefferson Davis, who 
 was then supposed to be making his way to the Atlantic coast, and 
 if he got on his track to follow him wherever he went, and to 
 capture or kill him without fail. At Abbeville, Pritchard became 
 satisfied that Davis had already crossed the Ocmulgee, and ascer- 
 tained that the Ist Wisconsin Cavalry was following him closely 
 in the direction ot Irwinsville. With 153 of the best mounted men 
 of the regiment he followed the line of the Ocmulgee for some miles, 
 and then took a bridle path, or blind road, through the woods to- 
 ward Irwinsville, and arrived at that place about 2 o'clock a. m., on 
 the 10th, and found that Davis had not yet passed. Pretending to 
 be a part of his escort. Colonel Pritchard gained information from 
 a rebel citizen that Davis was encamped in the woods about three- 
 fourths of a mile north of town. The camp was at once surrounded, 
 and at about 3 o'clock a. m. the force closed in and captured him 
 and his party. Davis attempted to escape, disguised in his wife's 
 traveling cloak, with a shawl thrown over his head, but private 
 Adrian Bee, of Company " L," and Corporal Munger, of Company 
 " C," espied his military boots beneath his feminine attire, and 
 commanded him to halt. The following morning, while en route 
 for Macon with the captives, information was received of the prof- 
 fered reward of $100,000 for his capture. On arriving at Macon 
 Colonel Pritchard, Captain Hudson, Lieutenants Stauber and Pur- 
 inton, with 22 men, were detailed to escort Davis to Washington, 
 D. C. The regiment remained at Macon until the 21st, when it 
 started toward home, feeling that in the capture of Jefferson Davis 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 413 
 
 it had indeed finished its work. It was mustered out of service and 
 paid oft' at Nashville, July Ist, and left tor Michigan. The regiment 
 contained nearly 90 men from Washtenaw county. The losses sus- 
 tained were : Died in action, or wounds received, 37 ; died of 
 disease, 227 ; wounded in action, 86 ; taken prisoners, 162 ; to- 
 tal, 512. Skirmishes and battles, 94. 
 
 FIFTH CAVALRY. 
 
 Commissary, D. A. Aiken. 
 Musician, Chas. Stucli:, jr. 
 
 Company B. 
 N'on-eommissioned Officers. 
 First Sergeant, M. H. Ellis. 
 Farrier, William Boyle. 
 Saddler, Daniel Ostrander. 
 
 Privates. 
 Blackburn, Julius A. 
 Doty, Decatur 
 Ellsworth, Paul 
 Hath, Samuel G. 
 Hood, George W. 
 Joslin, Franklin 
 Roe, Alva 
 Reynolds, Alvah 
 Williams, Thomas 
 
 C»MPANT C. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officer. 
 Sergeant, Levant Hobbs. 
 
 Privates. 
 Clark, Sylvester L. 
 Downey, Hugh 
 Gray, Pharo 
 Green, .John 
 Hobbs, John E. 
 Johnson, Arthur 
 Loomis, George K. 
 Loomis, Charles A. 
 Paddock, Griffin 
 Pope, Francis H. 
 Treadwell, Charles E . 
 Warner, George 
 Warner, William O. 
 Whitney, William W. 
 Winslow, Nelson 
 
 COMPAKY D. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 Sergeant, Wm. C. Halleck. 
 Sergeant, Stephen Ryder. 
 
 Privates. 
 Atcliison, Henry 
 Bullock, Jacob E . 
 Cox, George 
 Clark, Frank M. 
 
 Force, Hamilton 
 Gorton, Lancaster 
 Halleck , James B. 
 Ledyard, JohnW. 
 Lewis, Philander 
 Loomis, Charles W. 
 Miller, Charles H. W. 
 McCormick, William J. 
 Munson, Elijah 
 Nelson, Albert 
 Rogers, William 
 Rane, William B . 
 Trainer, Michael 
 Van Houghton, John 
 Walker, Edward 
 Wheeler, Stephen C. 
 
 Company E. 
 O'Leary, James 
 Schofield, Benjamin F. 
 
 Company F. 
 Douglass, Selwyn 
 
 Company H. 
 Allen, Franklin 
 Mcintosh, William 
 
 Company I. 
 
 Commissioned Officer. 
 Second Lieutenant, Henry 
 
 H. Finley. 
 Non-commissioned Officer. 
 Musician, Albert Stuck. 
 
 Privates. 
 Cobb, George P. 
 Connoly, John 
 Dunlap, Henry 
 Enselman, George 
 Force, IJenjamin 
 
 Company K. 
 Commissioned Officer. 
 Captam, .] ohn E. Clark . 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 First Serg., Geo. S. White. 
 Com. Serg., Chas. Brooks. 
 Sergeant, Wm. H. Starks. 
 Sergeant, Jas. E. Sumner . 
 
 Corporal. John T. Sinclair. 
 Corporal, A. J. Eggleston. 
 Corporal, Dan. C. Vorheis. 
 Corporal, J. R. Chambers. 
 Corporal, C. L. Ingraham. 
 
 P7H 
 
 Adkinson, Joseph 
 Babbitt, Darwin H. 
 Benhofer, Lew 
 Boyce, Hiram 
 Breish, Christian 
 Briggs, James 
 Barman, Henry 
 Chambers, Joseph R. 
 Cook, Robert E. 
 Corselius, Frederick 
 Crowley, Cornelius 
 Eapman, Russell 
 Foley, Joseph F. 
 Griff, Charles 
 Gregory, Samuel R. 
 Hanes, John 
 Hyland, John 
 HoUiday, Charles K. 
 Hollis, Richard 
 Kearnes, Thomas 
 Lewis, Frank I. 
 Lusk, John F. 
 Moore, Homer 
 Mitchel, Andrew 
 Markley, Frederick 
 McCann, Henry 
 McPherson, Alexander 
 Olmstead, William J. 
 Robbins, Jeremiah 
 Reed, Diah W. 
 Royal, David 
 Ryan, Michael 
 Slandurr, Frederick 
 Seeley, Reuben 
 Tilson, John H, 
 Usher, John 
 Warner, John 
 Webster, Frank P. 
 
 Company L. 
 Bateman, Byron E. 
 
 Company M. 
 Hall, Samuel 
 
 The promotions from "Washtenaw county were as follows: Chas. 
 Brooks, Sergeant to Second Lieut.; John E. Clark, Captain to 
 
414 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Major, Brevet Lieut.-Col. ; Pharo Gray, Sergeant to Second and 
 First Lieut., Captain; James E. Sumner, Sergeant to Second and 
 First' Lieut.; George S. White, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut., 
 Brevet Captain. 
 
 This regiment, furnished with about 150 men from "Washtenaw 
 county, left Detroit on Dec. 4, 1862, for Washington, D. C, and 
 then joined the Army of the Potomac. It participated in the 
 engagement at Fairfax Court-House, also in the one at Gainesville, 
 Ya. In the latter part of the year 1862 the regiment went into 
 winter quarters at Stevensburg, Va. The regiment then served 
 with General Kilpatrick, near Richmond, but afterward joined the 
 forces under General Butler. It fought at Chancellorsville, at 
 Malvern Hill, at Plawes' Shop and Coal Harbor. The regiment 
 engaged in several brisk skirmishes during the latter part of the 
 year, suffering severe losses. On Oct. 19, the regiment participated 
 in the battle of Cedar Creek, charging the enemy's main line, 
 driving them in great confusion and capturing a large number of 
 prisoners. In November, 1864, the Fifth was attached to General 
 Sheridan's army in the Shenandoah campaign, and at Newton was 
 engaged in a sharp fight with a brigade of rebel cavah-y, losing 
 about 10 men. The Fifth moved, in February, 1865, with Sheri- 
 dan on his celebrated raid to the James river, and at Louisa Court- 
 House destroyed a large amount of property. The command, after 
 tearing up track, rendering useless the locks, aqueducts and mills 
 on the James Piver, destroying property, and damaging the 
 enemy as much as possible, returned and joined the Army of the 
 Potomac. It participated in the battles of Five Forks, Sailors' 
 Creek and Appomattox Court-House. After Lee's surrender, the 
 regiment proceeded to Washington, D. C, via Petersburg and 
 North Carolina, and participated in the grand review. It was then 
 ordered west to Leavenworth, Kansas, via St. Louis, and there 
 mustered out of service. Arriving at Detroit July 1, it was paid 
 off and disbanded. This regiment was almost continuously in 
 active warfare, having engaged in 57 battles and skirmishes during 
 its service in the field. The casualties sustained by the regiment 
 were: Died in action or of wounds received, 99; died of disease, 
 73; wounded in action, 156; taken prisoners, 194; total, 522. 
 
 Company A. 
 Phelps, William W. 
 Company B. 
 Bodly, Thomas 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Commissioned Officer. 
 
 First Lieut., Don Claries 
 
 Batchelder. 
 Non-commissioned Officers. 
 First Sergt., A. C. Jewett. 
 Sergt., David A. Miller. 
 
 SIXTH CAVALRY. 
 
 Corporal, Wm. E. Vaughn. 
 Corporal, Geo. Trager. 
 Corporal, I. C.Stanton. 
 Corporal, John S. Farnill. 
 
 Privates. 
 Arms, James B. 
 Bilson, Oliver S. 
 Briggs, John 
 Briggs, George 
 Cushing, John A. 
 Chandler, Joseph H. 
 Day, John 
 Fisher, John J. 
 
 1 Frank, John 
 I Green, Harkness 
 I Hoisington, John H. 
 I Lucas, Ira 
 1 Lutz, Wm. F. 
 j Romig, Benj. 
 
 Rector, JIartin E. 
 j Smith, Benj. F. 
 
 Sutton, James 
 I Schaible, John G. 
 
 Wood, Chauncey 
 
 Ward, Erastus K. 
 I Weston, Wm. H. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW CODNTF. 
 
 415 
 
 Washtenaw soldiers received promotions as follows: Levant W. 
 Barnhart, from Sergeant to Second and First Lieut., Captain, Bre- 
 vet Major; George Eidelbuss, Sergeant to First Lieut. 
 
 SEVENTH CAVALKY. 
 
 Quthrie, John 
 Hitchcock, Alonzo 
 Hansen, Allen B. 
 Munroe, William 
 Neal, Rufus J. 
 Rose, James A. 
 Smith, Thomas 8. 
 Stanford, Joseph 
 Smith, Peter 
 Smith, William 
 Simmonds, Albert O. 
 Simons, Burlow A. 
 Sturgis, Thomas 
 Storey, Jacob 
 Sargeaon, George 
 Todd, Luther F. 
 Vaughn, Daniel O. 
 Whitman, Hiram 
 Williams, Rees 
 Willett, James 
 
 Company P. 
 Bower, Rajonond 
 Dougherty, Joseph 
 Green, John 
 Johnson, Arthur 
 
 COMPANT G. 
 
 Hubbard, William H. 
 Kimball, James 
 
 Commissioned Officers. 
 Asst. Surg., R. Crowell. 
 Adjutant, Duane Doty. 
 
 Company A. 
 Baker, Henry C. 
 Godfrey, Henry 
 Hall, Haskell B. 
 Manuel, Henry 
 
 Company B. 
 Cobb, Geo. P. 
 Eddy, Wm. H. 
 Hill, Albert W. 
 Millson, William 
 
 Company D. 
 Stedge, Peter M. 
 
 Company E. 
 Privates. 
 Bumham, John 
 Crane, Albert 
 Clark, Isaac N. 
 Case, Paul 
 Dongrow, Edward 
 Dillon, Milton M. 
 Findlater, Hugh 
 Eish, George 
 Finney, Thomas 
 Gates, Hamilton A. 
 
 The promotions from this county were as follows : Henry Can- 
 field, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut.; Myron H. Ellis, First 
 Lieut, to Captain. 
 
 A portion of this regiment left Grand Rapids on Feb. 20, 1863, 
 and the remainder followed in May. It was represented by nearly 
 60 men from this county. It arrived at Washington, and soon 
 after entered the field. The regiment was in action at Gettysburg, 
 July 3 ; Hagerstown, Maryland, July 6 and 10 ; Falling Wa- 
 ters July 14, and Culpepper Court-House, Sept. 14 ; Brandy 
 Station, Oct. 13. The regiment was with the Potomac army for 
 sometime, but in the spring of 1864 joined the" Kilpatrick raid." 
 Before Richmond the Seventh was in a desperate fight with the en- 
 emy, losing 44 men, including its commanding officer. It was once 
 more placed with the army of the Potomac and participated in the 
 great campaign of 1864. At tiie battle of Crooked Run the regi- 
 ment performed splendid service, capturing 100 prisoners, arms, 
 horses, etc. At Winchester, Virginia, in an action with the rebels, 
 the Seventh sustained a heavy loss; also at Cedar creek on Oct. 19. 
 It joined Sheridan in the James River raid and destroyed very 
 much property. 
 
 Spear, Freeman 
 
 Company H. 
 Brawyer, Jacob 8. 
 Connelly, John 
 Russell, James F. 
 Throop, Philip 
 
 Company I. 
 Privates. 
 Bixby, Omar M. 
 Billings, Albert 
 Lucas, Charles H. 
 Lucas, Cory don S. 
 McDale, John R. 
 Overault, William H. 
 Teachout, Judd 
 Treadwell, Charles E. 
 Warner, John 
 
 Company K. 
 Long, Daniel 
 
 Company M. 
 Privates. 
 Burr, Frank 
 Hawkins, Alphonzo 
 Hawkins, John K. 
 Jacott, Solomon P. 
 Webster, Thomas 
 
416 
 
 HISTOHT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Afterward the Seventh was ordered on duty at Camp Collins in 
 the Rocky mountains, and guarded the roads in that vicinity, till 
 it was ordered to Fort Leavenwortli, where it was mustered out and 
 arrived at Jackson on Dec. 20, 1865, and on the 25th the regiment 
 was disbanded, each man recei\'ing his pay from " Uncle Sam " as a 
 Christmas present. The Seventh was engaged in 58 battles and skir- 
 mishes. The losses were: died in action, or of wounds received, 61; 
 died of disease, 87; wounded in action, 190; taken prisoners, 75; 
 total, 413. 
 
 EIGHTH CAVALRY. 
 
 Company A. 
 Godfrey, Robert 
 Gibbs, Thomas 
 Summers, Frank 
 Schaible, Matthew 
 
 Company B. 
 Clark, Joseph D. 
 Doty, Ha'vey 
 Simmons, Chales W. 
 
 Company C. 
 Cole, John M. 
 Fenis, Charles 
 Green, Foster S. 
 Stephenson, John R. 
 
 Company D. 
 Buchanan, John 
 Caines, Daniel 
 
 Company E. 
 Bycraft, Edward 
 Casey, George M. 
 Hiscock, William R. 
 Marsh, Elisha 
 Ma sh, Thomas 
 Warboys, Paul 
 
 Company F. 
 
 Reed, Thomas 
 Reed, Henry J. 
 
 Weir, Charles W. 
 Wells, Harvey 
 
 Company 6. 
 Breese, John 
 Cole, John M. 
 Van Zant, William 
 
 Company H. 
 Greenfield, George 
 Kline, George B . 
 Stoddard, George H. 
 Wilcox, Abner E. 
 
 Company I. 
 Cramer, Perry 
 Klines, George P. 
 McCormick, Henry 
 Twombly, John B. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Privates. 
 Albon, Benjamin 
 Adams, John Q. 
 Chase, John H. 
 Christopher, Martinus 
 Denn, Charles 
 Harrington, Charles 
 Haight, Lucerne 
 Hood, Samuel J. 
 Humphrey, John 
 Mathar, Joseph W. 
 
 McClintock, Edward 
 Monroe, Hiram E. 
 Patte, Frank 
 Putney, Samuel M. 
 Tolten, John J. 
 White, James D. 
 
 Company L. 
 Privates. 
 Baughart, John H. 
 Downs, Julius P. 
 Davis, William 
 Edmunds, Alexander 
 Gordon, Wellington H. 
 Green, WiDiam O. 
 Hopkins, Charles P. 
 Houghtaling, Charles W 
 Mawby, John 
 Norton, John H. 
 Sinith, Thomas R. 
 Sisson, William H. 
 
 Company M . 
 Privates. 
 Boardman, Ira D. 
 Boughton, Peter H. 
 Cole, Allen C. 
 Langley, Josiah 
 Mead, Albert 
 Rounds, Elijah 
 
 This regiment, containing about 60 brave men from Washtenaw 
 county, was organized at Mount Clemens, and entered the field in 
 Kentucky, in May, 1863. The regiment pursued General Morgan, 
 when on his celebrated raid into Indiana and Ohio, and at Buffin- 
 ton Island, Ohio, completely routed him, with a small loss. It had 
 a brisk skirmish at Calhoun, Kentucky, with the rebels under For- 
 rest and Wheeler, with some loss. The Eighth assisted in the 
 defense of Knoxville. In 1863 and 1864 the regiment was engaged 
 in active service in the States of Tennessee, Kentucky and Georgia, 
 and succeeded in annoying the enemy very much; It encamped at 
 ]^ icholasviJle, Kentucky, during the winter of 1864-'5. Near Law- 
 renceburg, Tennessee, the Eighth was attacked by the enemy during 
 the latter part of November, and succeeded in repulsing them, but 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 417 
 
 with considerable loss. It was present at the battle of Nashville 
 from Dec. 14 to 21, but not activelj' engaged. The Eighth was 
 mustered out of serviceat Nashville, and upon arrival at Jackson was 
 paid and discharged. The regiment was in 39 engagements, and 
 lost in killed in action or died of wounds received there 24 men; 
 died of disease, 72; taken prisoners, 57; total, 153. 
 
 N. C. S., L. G. Stocking. 
 N. C. S., John Shubert. 
 
 COMPANT A. 
 
 Stout, Albert B. 
 Van Buren, Martin 
 Waltz, John 
 
 Company B. 
 Fuller, Andrew 
 Smith, Zina 
 
 Company C. 
 Privates. 
 Burkhart, Frederick 
 Bullard, Silas W. 
 
 NINTH CAVALRY. 
 
 Colby, William J. 
 Connelly, William J. 
 Donovan, Eugene 
 Duffy, Patrick 
 Featherly, Mark 
 Hyer, John 
 King, Enoch 
 King, Willard 
 Lang, Peter M. 
 Mann, Jacob R. 
 McMillan, Clark 
 McNattan, Peter 
 O'Conner, Michael 
 Placenay, John W. 
 
 Rosecrantz, Chester 
 Reynolds, Robert 
 Tenney, Levi A. 
 Teban, James W. 
 
 Company D. 
 Graham, George 
 
 Company H. 
 Privates. 
 Buell. Frank 
 Frisbie, William C. 
 Knapp, Ludwig 
 Knapp, Michael 
 Wines, E. Darwin 
 
 The following were promoted : William Bateman, from Sergeant 
 to Second Lieut.; Henry H. Collins, Sergeant to Second and First 
 Lieut.; James Duncan, Sergeant to Second and First Lieut.; James 
 W. Toban, Sergeant to Second Lieut.; "William H. Young, Ass't 
 Sureeon to Surgeon. 
 
 TENTH CAVALRY. 
 
 Company D. 
 Ewing, Edmund 
 Fralick, John 
 Kline, John W. 
 Van Dyke, William L. 
 
 Company F. 
 Privates. 
 Bohneth, Christian 
 Cook, Thomas 
 Duncan, Angus 
 Gibney, Michael 
 Kalmback, Frederick C. 
 Newman, Lewis 
 Nickerson, Ernest 
 Nickerson, John W. 
 Shell, George 
 Smith, Michael 
 Taylor, John 
 
 Company G. 
 Haggerty, John 
 Newell, Charles 
 
 Company H. 
 Privates. 
 Bailey, Samuel D. 
 
 Bent, Charles E. 
 Blanchard, Truman 
 Bonmiller, John 
 Bowen, Colon E. 
 Cook, George 
 Coif, George W. 
 Easter, Eugene J. 
 Fish, .tames C. 
 Hinkle, V. H. 
 Kent, Jefferson B. 
 Marion, Hiram 
 Matthews, Wm. H. 
 Comisky, Christopher 
 Gibney, Patrick 
 Hines, John 
 Hilbrenk, .John 
 Updyke, George 
 
 Company M. 
 
 Privates. 
 Badgley, John 
 Clark, O. D. 
 Clark, Daniel 
 Perry, Lucius 
 Simmons, Wm. H. 
 
 Smith, Francis 
 Stores, Wm. A. 
 Scott, Eugene M. 
 Stone, George 
 Wagner, Charles A. 
 West, John H. 
 Whipple, Herbert 
 Wordle, David 
 Wattrous, John F. 
 Yawger, John 
 Zeigler, Frederick 
 
 Company I. 
 Spears, Simeon 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Privates. 
 Bostwick, Robert 
 Daley, Charles G. 
 Daley, George A. 
 Pish, Valentine 
 Green, Milo 
 More, Grange H. 
 Perry, Reuben J. 
 Thomas, Milton 
 
418 
 
 HI8TOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 Alpbonso A. Maxim was promoted from Sergeant to Second and 
 First Lieut. 
 
 The Tenth Cavalry left its rendezvous at Grand Rapids Dec. 1, 
 1863, for Lexington, Kentucky, thence to Knoxville, via Camp 
 Nelson. During 1864 the regiment was mostly engaged in burn- 
 ing bridges and destroying railroad tracks, etc. At one place eight 
 men held a ford for three hours, preventing a rebel brigade from 
 crossing, and only surrendered after being surrounded. It was in 
 pursuit of Morgan in the latter part of 1864. It was then moved 
 into Virginia, and destroyed some salt works at Saltville, thence 
 back to Tennessee. Joining the expedition under General Stone- 
 man, it passed into North Carolina, and destroyed a great amount 
 of property in that State. It skirmished with the enemy at Henry 
 Court-House, Salisbury, High Point, Statesvrlle and Newton. 
 After Johnston's surrender the regiment started, via Steven- 
 son, Alabama, to Tennessee, where it was mustered out of service 
 on November 11, and immediately started home; arriving at 
 Jackson on the 15th, it was paid off and disbanded. The regiment 
 engaged in 55 battles and skirmishes. The losses sustained were: 
 Died in action or of wounds received, 15; died of disease, 140; 
 wounded in action, 50; total, 205. 
 
 COMPANV B. 
 Van Zant, George 
 Van Zant, William 
 
 Company C. 
 Privates. 
 Brooks, Maias 
 Bronson, Franklin S. 
 Cole, William 
 Col lis, Richard 
 Devon, Patrick 
 Jordan, Frank S. 
 Kent, Feimimore 
 Schloutman, Henry 
 Tinney, J. D. 
 
 Company D. 
 Boughton, Peter H . 
 Cole, AUen Q. 
 Lincoln, Harvey 
 
 eleventh cavalry. 
 
 Company E. 
 Privates. 
 Albon, Benjamin 
 Adams, John Q. 
 Collins, Charles 
 Chase, John H. 
 Harrington, Charles 
 Hood, Samuel 
 Humphrey, John 
 Matthew, Joseph W. 
 McClintock, Edward 
 Monroe, Hiram E. 
 Patte, Frank 
 Putney, Samuel M. 
 Phelps, Leven 
 Smith, LeRoy 
 Tolton, John J. 
 Turner, Decker 
 White, James 
 
 Company F. 
 Clark, Erastus W. 
 
 Company G. 
 Curtiss, Harmon 
 Kennedy, John 
 Summers, Prank 
 
 Company H. 
 Harvey, Washington 
 Noxon, Edward 
 
 Company L. 
 Arnold, Seth H. 
 Miller, John W. 
 Rogers, Harvey 
 Stephenson, John R. 
 
 Company M. 
 Green, Foster S. 
 Weatherwax, J. E. 
 
 Promotions made were as follows: Owen M. Converse, Sergeant 
 to Second Lieut.; James Gilluly, First Lieut, to Captain. 
 
 FIBST LIGHT AETILLEKY. 
 
 Company B. 
 Privates. 
 Agus, James 
 Brown, Frederick 
 DeWitt, Thomas F. 
 
 Golden, Carl 
 Hutchinson, Thomas 
 Omer, Philip 
 Peck, William 
 Reibleman, William 
 
 Simpson, William 
 White, Franklin 
 Wager, John H. 
 
S,1^I^, 
 
HISTORY OV WASHTENAW COUNTV:. 
 
 421 
 
 Company C. 
 Privates. 
 Ashley, Calvin 
 Bell, William E. 
 Carter, "William B. 
 Cheeney, John 
 Davis, Alfred 
 Fletcher, Lyman 
 Hamlin, Chandler 
 Haviland, Chauncey 
 Kerchen, William 
 Morris, Joseph W. 
 Mundy, Alfred 
 Eowe, Simeon W. 
 Sullivan, James 
 Smith, Ira 
 Tabor, James W. 
 Thompson, Charles 
 White WiUiam B. 
 Wertman, William E. 
 
 Company D. 
 Self, James H . 
 
 Company E. 
 Privates. 
 Buck, William R. 
 
 Couch, William 
 McMillan, James M. 
 Mc Mann, Thomas 
 McMann, Francis 
 Pratt, Darius 
 
 Company G. 
 
 Privates. 
 Blackburn, Frank A. 
 Blackburn, Daniel L. 
 Blackburn, Isaac A. 
 Bunce, Martin 
 Bunce, Franklin 
 Bunce, George 
 Burnett, Clinton J. 
 Corrigan, James 
 Clossan, Seymour M. 
 Dalkey, Charles 
 Flewelling, James F. 
 Lincoln, Jesse 
 Little, Charles S. 
 Mensing, Aaron V. 
 McLaughlin, John 
 Recht, Charles 
 Spencer, John C. 
 Swarthout, John F. 
 
 Woener, George 
 Weissinger, Jacob F. 
 
 Company H. 
 Bain, Thomas 
 Doyle, WiDiam 
 Moran, John 
 Walker, Richard 
 
 Company I. 
 Wallace, John 
 
 Company K. 
 Privates. 
 Baier, Francis 
 Gerstenberger, Gottlieb 
 Hass, Jacob 
 Hoiser, Edward 
 Rauser, John G. 
 Schwahn, John 
 Schenk, Rudolph 
 Weiss, Lewis 
 Wolf, William 
 
 Assigned no Company. 
 Jewett, Joseph 
 
 The following named received promotions: William W. Hyzer, 
 Corporal to Second and First Lieat., Captain; John G. Kauser, 
 Sergeant to Second Lieut.; George Kitcher, Sergeant to Second 
 Lieut.; Henry Shier, Sergeant to First Lieut. 
 
 SECOND (eOSS') BATTEEY. 
 
 Privates. 
 Agens, James 
 
 NoTi-commissioned Officers. 
 Corporal, Wm. W. Hyzer. 
 Corporal, Henry Shier. 
 Corporal, Asa M. Russell. 
 Corporal, John Cheney. 
 
 I Harding, James 
 
 ' Hutchinson, Thomas 
 
 thied (dee's) BATTEEY. 
 
 Artificer, Jos. W. Morris. 
 
 Privates. 
 Ashley, Calvin 
 Ballard, David J. 
 Carter, William E. 
 
 I Simpson, William 
 I White, Franklin 
 
 Hamlin, Chandler 
 Kerchen, William 
 Lilley, James 
 Tabor, James W. 
 White, William B. 
 
 FIFTH (dENNIs') BATTEEY. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officer. 
 Sergeant, Charles Durand. 
 
 Privates. 
 Kelly, Patrick 
 McCollum, George 
 
 McMann, Thomas 
 McMann, Francis 
 
 Bain, Thomas 
 
 27 
 
 EIGHTH (dE GOLYEe's) BATTEEY. 
 
 I Crandall, William H. I Moran, John 
 
 NINTH (dANIELs') BATTEEY. 
 Wallace, John 
 
4:22 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTV. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Amsden, Daniel W. 
 Beard, John M. 
 BuUe, George E. 
 Barr, William 
 Campion, "William 
 Clark, Washington 
 Cobbell, John 
 Denner, George 
 Diamond, David L. 
 Emery, James M. 
 Eldert, John B. 
 Fitzpatrick, John 
 Glover, George W. 
 Gilland, Seth 
 
 FOURTEENTH BATTERY. 
 
 Harris, George N. 
 Hofal, Conrad 
 Hosford, WilUam 
 Hyatt, James 
 Haviland, Chauncey J. 
 Hall, Reuben S. 
 Haner, Barney P. 
 Jewell, Harrison 
 Jacobus, Jotham C. 
 Kern, Richard 
 Kline, Peter 
 Lyons, Francis J. 
 Lyons, Robert J. 
 Moore, John A. 
 Phelpa, Charles T. 
 
 Powers, Hiram 
 Pecktil, William H. 
 Persons, Henry 
 Rolls, John P. 
 Rausbottom, Henry 
 Robinson, Michael 
 Salyer, Seth 
 Sheehan, Cornelius 
 Storms, Hamilton 
 Shintler, Levi 
 Todd, John N. 
 Tice, James M. 
 Tice, Noble C. 
 Vader, Henry 
 Watson, James 
 
 This battery was organized at Kalamazoo, Mich., and mustered 
 into the United States service on Jan. 5, 1864. It proceeded to 
 Washington, thence to Camp Barry. It was stationed at Fort 
 Blinker, then moved to Fort Slocum. It participated in the action 
 near Forts Stevens and Slocum, on July 11, 12 and 13. It had 
 been dismounted in May, and was afterward used as heavy artillery. 
 It garrisoned Forts Snyder, Carrol and Grebble, and continued on 
 that duty till July 17, 1865, when it proceeded to Michigan, arriv- 
 ing at Jackson June 21. On July 1 it was mustered out of service. 
 There were about 50 men in the battery from Washtenaw county. 
 Companies B, C, D, E, G, H, I and K, and Batteries 2, 3, 5, 8 and 
 9 were also well represented, and performed good service during 
 the war. 
 
 Ball, George D. 
 Webber, J. H. 
 
 MEEEILL HORSE. 
 I Ball, Charles E. 
 
 I Merrill, DeWitt 
 
 ROLL OF HONOR. 
 
 " It is sweet and honorable to die for one's country. " Thus it 
 may be written over the graves of the following named sons of 
 Washtenaw, who freely gave their lives to save the Union, and 
 whose memory will ever be kept green by those who remain 
 behind: 
 
 Col. Harrison H. JeSerds, killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 Col. Norval E. Welch, killed in action near Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Capt. Russell H. Alcott, killed at Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1863. 
 Capt. Oliver Blood, killed in action near Petersburg, Va., Sept, 30, 1864. 
 Vcapt. Roswell P. Carpenter, killed inaction at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 Capt. Richard G. DuPuy, killed in action at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 37, 1863. 
 Capt. Wni. H. Loveland, died May 31, 1864, of wounds received in action at the 
 
 Wilderness, Va , May 4, 18f)4. 
 Capt. Walter McCollura, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 Capt. Do Witt C. Smith, died of disease at Fort Halleck, D. T., Sept. 16, 1865. 
 Capt. Jas.H.Wheaton, killed in action near Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
UISTORV OF WASHTENAW COONTY. 423 
 
 Capt. Eben T. Whittlesey, killed in action at Bull Run, Aug. 30. 1803. 
 
 Capt. Wendell T. Wiltsie, died Nov. 27, 186t!, of wounds received at Knoxville, 
 
 Tenn.,Nov. 25, 1863. 
 Lieut. David E. Ainsworth, killed at Spottsylvania, Va. May 12, 1864. 
 Lieut. H. Clay Arnold, killed in action at Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. 
 Lieut. Wm. A. Brown, died Sept., 1863, of wounds received at Chantilly, Va., Sept . 
 
 1, 1862. 
 Lieut. Wellington W. Burch, died of disease, Feb. 7, 1863. 
 Lieut. Henry Canfield, died at Gamp Douglas, Utah, March 11, 1866. 
 Lieut. James Clark, killed in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dee. 13, 1862. 
 Lieut. James Duncan, died in military prison at Charleston, 8. C, Oct. 26, 1864. 
 Lieut. James W. Hawks, died of disease near Bealton Station, Va., April 9, 1864. 
 Lieut. John E. Kenyon, died Feb. 3, 1<;66, of wounds. 
 
 Lieut. Jos. Kirk, died Aug. 8, 1864, of wounds received at Athens, Ga., Aug. 7, 1864. 
 Lieut. Amos M. Ladd, killed in action at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. 
 Lieut. Joshua B. Leeland, died June 32, 1863. 
 Lieut. James M. Edmunds, died of disease Oct. 4, 1864. 
 Artis, Levi, died of disease at Detroit, Mich., Feb, 34, 1864. 
 Aldrich, William, killed inaction at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 37, 1863. 
 Allison, John M., died at IMiiiei's Hill, Va., Dec. 24, 1861. 
 Avery, Burgess M., died of fever at Miner's Hill, Va., Dec. 37, 1861. 
 Allen, Ethan, died at Washington, D. v., Dec. 23, 1861. 
 Abrahamskie, Paul, died of wounds received vi ay 33, 1864. 
 Ames, Benjamin F., killed in action at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864. 
 Adsit, Martin W., died of disease at New Orleans, Nov. 8, 1864. 
 Avery, George H., died of disease at Chattanooga, Tenn., April 5, 1865. 
 Abel, Godfrey, killed in action at Bentonville, N. C, March, 1865. 
 Armstrong, Douglass, died of disease at Jeffersonville, Ind., Jan. 13, 1865. 
 Avis, William H., died of disease at Washington, D. C, Nov. 11, 1863. 
 Armitage, Thomas, died of disease at Richmond, Va., February, 1865. 
 Armstrong, James, died of disease at Camp Nelson, Ky., Nov. 37, 1864. 
 Bailey, James M., killed in action at Wise Forks, N. G, March 10, 1865. 
 Broody, John, died of disease, at Charlotte, N. C., May 29, 1865. 
 Blood, Charles, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
 Brooks, Homer, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, April 14, 1865. 
 Barrett, Warren, died of disease at Milledgeville, Ga., Nov. 33, 1864. 
 
 Button, Lorenzo D., died at Nasliville, Tenn., of wounds, April 38, 1865. 
 
 Buckfink, Jacob, died in Harwood Hospital, of wounds, Jan. 36, 1865. 
 
 Brition, Andrew, died at David's Island, N. Y., of wounds, Aug. 35, 1864. 
 
 Babell, Henry, died of disease at Detroit, Mich., Feb., 15, 1863. 
 
 Bonmiller, John, died of disease at Andersonville, Ga., July 23, 1864. 
 
 Bostwick, Robert, died of disease at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 16, 1865. 
 
 Breese, John, died of disease in JefEcson Barracks, Mo., Feb. 8, 1865. 
 
 Braman, Charles, died of disease in Andersonville, Ga., May 34, 1864. 
 
 Booth, James 8., died of disease at Duvall's Bluff, Ark., May 4 1865. 
 
 Blakeman, John W., died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 11, 1863. 
 
 Barnum, H. V., died of disease. 
 
 Brokaw, William H., died of disease at Washington, D. G, Sept. 9, 1864. 
 
 Briggs, Clark C, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 
 BroDson, James G., died of disease at Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 13, 1864. 
 
 Brown, Peter, killed in action in the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. 
 
 Burger, William, died of disease at Lookout Mountain, April 30, 1864. 
 
 Bradley, George, died of disease in military prison at Andersonville, Ga., July 14, 
 1864. 
 
 Briggs, George, died at Cedar Creek, Va. of gun-shot wound, October, 1864. 
 
 Bucklin, Charles, killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. 
 
 Bravender, William, died of disease at Newport News, March 9, 1863. 
 
 Booth, Perry, died of disease at Philadelphia, Jan. 4, 1863. 
 
 Burman, Henry, died of disease at Detroit, Mich., Oct. 3, 1863. 
 
 Bigelow, Nelson E., killed in action at Antietam. Sept. 17, 1863. 
 
 Bilson. Henry, died of disease at Falmouth, Va., Dec. 26, 1863. 
 
 Birdsall, Charles, died of disease at Camp Michigan, Va., Dec. 38, 1861. 
 
 Bates, Abraham, died of disease at Richmond, Va , July 16, 1862. 
 
 Boucher, Charles W., killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1863. 
 
424 HISTOEY OF WASHTliNAW OOUNTY. ■ 
 
 Byron, Thomas, killed iu action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1863. 
 
 Ballard, David J., died in hospital at Hamburg, Tenn., April 39, 1863. 
 
 Bedell, James, died iu hospital at New Madrid, Mo., April 3, 18K3. 
 
 Berry, Lewis G., died in hospital at Washington, D. C, November, 1861. 
 
 Bagley, Frederick, died of disease Jan. 3'i, 1863. 
 
 Cane, John, killed in action at Malvern, Va., July 1, 1863. 
 
 Cowles, George D., died at Portsmouth, Va., of wounds, July 16, 1863. 
 
 Cooke, Francis, died at Munson's Hill, Va., of wounds, September, 1861. 
 
 Clark, Edward P., died at New Orleans, La., of wounds, July 15, 1863. 
 
 Case, Daniel H., died of disease at Baton Rouge, La., June 9, 1863. 
 
 Cutter, Daniel B., died of disease at West Point, Ky., Nov. 36, 1861. 
 
 Cochran, David L., died of disease in hospital at Lebanon, Ky., May 33, 1863. 
 
 Chatfield, ^V^illiam H., killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1863. 
 
 Cook, John B., died of disease at St; Louis, Mo., August, 1863. 
 
 Collins, James M., died of disease at Washington, D.' C., Sept. 7, 1863. 
 
 Cushway, Enos C, died of disease at New Orleans, La., May 37, 1863. 
 
 Curtis, Thomas B., died of disease Jan. 36, 1863. 
 
 Clayton, David K., died of disease at Detroit, Mioh., Sept. 10, 1863. 
 
 Corselius, Frederick, killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. 
 
 Colby. William J., died of disease at Mt. Sterling, Ky., July 10, 1863. 
 
 Connell, James, died of wounds received. 
 
 Comstock, Ellis B., killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. 
 
 Cadwell, George N., died of disease at ilumbia, Tenn., May 31, 1863. 
 
 Cunningham, James B., died of disease at Nicholasville, Ky., Aug. 35, 1863. 
 
 Campbell, Henry, died of disease in hospital Feb. 3, 1863. 
 
 f'ole, Benjamin, killed in action at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. 
 
 Case, James H., died of disease at Little Rock, Arl£., July 8, 1864. 
 
 Chatfield, Alonzo, died of disease at Washington, D. C, March 10, 1864. 
 
 Cunningham, William J., killed in action in the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. 
 
 Carpenter, Watson W., killed ia action near Petersburg, Va. , July 30, 1864. 
 
 Campbell, Alonzo, killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864. 
 
 Clark, Rinaldo, died of disease at Savannah, Ga., Dec. 18, 1864. 
 
 CoUyer, Lansing, died of disease in Michigan, March 30, 1865. 
 
 Cross, Willis I., died of disease at Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1865. 
 
 Clark, Frank M., died of disease at Annapolis, Md., March 3S, 1865. 
 
 Chambers, Joseph R., died of disease at Anderson ville, Ga., Sept. 13,1864. 
 
 Cook, George, died of disease at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 33, 1864. 
 
 Coif, George W., died of disease at Andersonville, Ga., July 36, 1864. 
 
 Comstock, Eugene, died of disease at New Orlean.'!, Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 Cook, Edwin G., died of disease at Baton Rouge, La , July 37, 1863. 
 
 Chase, Horace L., died of disease at Chattanooga, Tenn., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Corey, Gilbert T., died of disease at Washington, D. C, Dec. 10, 1864. 
 
 Cady, Charles J., died of disease at Andersonville, Ga. 
 
 Cuff, James, died of disease at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 20, 1864. 
 
 Cushman, James, died of disease at Arlington, Mich., Jan. 38, 1865. 
 
 Cheoken, Thomas, drowned in Sangamon river, 111., June 4, 1885. 
 
 Carrick, Orrin, died of disease at Camp Butler, 111., May 31, 1865. 
 
 Cain, Cornelius, died of disease at Salisbury, N. C, Feb. 30, 1865. 
 
 Curtiss, Andrew J., died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., June 30, 1865. 
 
 Conklin, Edward O., died of disease at Danville, Va. 
 
 Davis, Leonard, died in Washington, D. G, of wo'jnds, June 17, 1864. 
 
 Dotson, John, died of disease at Mount Pleasant, S. C, Sept. 36, 1865. 
 
 Downs, Julius P., died of disease at Jeffersonville, Ind., Feb. 35, 1865. 
 
 Dean, Henry W., died of disease at Danville, Ga., Jan. 21, 1865. 
 
 Denney, William H., died of disease at City Point, Va., Sept. 9, 1864. 
 
 Dean, John, died of disease at Annapolis, Md., April 14, 1864. 
 
 Davidson, Henrj' L., died of disease at Crab Orchard, Ky., Oct. 7, 1863. 
 
 Dow, Carlos C, died of disease at Covington, Ky., Aug. 13, 1863. 
 
 Douglass. Samuel, died of disease at Lebanon, Ky., June 3, 1863. 
 
 Durkee, Robert, died at Washington, D. n., of wounds, Jan. 11, 1863. 
 
 Duell, Arthur, died of disease in camp, Nov. 17, 1863. 
 
 Dixon, Alansou, died at Sharpsburg, of wounds, Sept. 30, 1863. 
 
 De Wolf, Saxon, killed in action at Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1863. 
 
 Dixon, Harvey, died at Annapolis Junction, Md., Jan. 8, 1863. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 4:25 
 
 Ensinger, Clement, tilled in action at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, 1862. 
 
 Eggleson, Newell M., died of disease at Harrison's Landing, July 27, 1862. 
 
 Eaaton, Ambrose J., killed in action on Turkey creek, Va., June 30,*1868. 
 
 Ellis, John J., died of disease, Feb. 25, 1863. 
 
 Eggleson, A. J., died of disease at Washington, B. C, July 1, 1864. 
 
 Bdwa ds, Eliah, died of disease at Viclisbuig, Miss., Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
 Elwell, Williaui H.,died near Atlanta, Ga., of wounds, Aug. 7, 1864. 
 
 English, Jatnes H., died of disease at Andersonville, Georgia. 
 
 Pallett, Edward, died of disease at David's Island, N. Y., May 18, 1865. 
 
 Pair, And ew P., died of disease at Andersonville, Ga., Aug., 1864. 
 
 Pisk, Henry C, killed in action at Campbell Station, Tenn,, Nov. 16, 1863. 
 
 Franklin, Edgar F., killed in action, June, 17, 1864. 
 
 Flanders, John H., died of disease on Mississippi river, June 29, 1864. 
 
 Ford, Dwight, died of disease at Fort Schuyler, N. Y., Jan. 20, 1865. 
 
 Plodmin, Frederick, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, Aug. 30, 1863. 
 
 Findlater, Hugh, died at Andersonville, Ga., while a prisoner, Feb. 22, 1864. 
 
 Faruill, John S., died of disease at Annapolis, Maryland, June 5, 1865. 
 
 Ford, Daniel, killed in action before Petersburg, Virginia, July 30, 1864. 
 
 Prink, David, killed in action at North Anna river, Virginia, May 24, 1864. 
 
 Franklin, Henry B., died at Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 1, 1863. 
 
 Pelch, George B., killed in action at Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 17, 1864. 
 
 Pilch, James, accidentally shot at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 Prisbie, William C, died of disease at Knoxville, Tenn., July 12, 1864. 
 
 Pail child, Benjamin, died of disease at New York, Aug. 7, 1863. 
 
 Forbes, Milton, died of disease at Washington, D. C, Feb. 16, 1863. 
 
 Prank, John, died of disease at Washington, D. C. , Jan. 5, 1863. 
 
 Prazer, George, killed in action at Falling Waters, July 14, 1863. 
 
 Pogle, George, killed in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 18fi2. 
 
 Graves, Ah nzo, died of disease at Baltimore, Md., Dec. 12, 1861. 
 
 Gilland, William H , died at Yorktown, Va., May 6, 1862. 
 
 Gunn, Alarson K , died of disease at New Orleans, La., Dec. 25, 1862. 
 
 Gregory, Albert L., died of disease at Washington, D. 0., March 13, 1863. 
 
 Gillispie, Myron J., died of disease at Milldale, Miss., June 27, 1863. 
 
 Green, Milo, died of disease at Camp Nelson, Ky. 
 
 Godfrey, Linus B., died of disease at Port Hudson, La., Dec. 24, 1863. 
 
 Griffith, Edward, died of disease at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 8, 1864. 
 
 Garrison, John, died at Knoxville, Tenn., of wounds, Dec. 16, 1863. 
 
 Granger, Leonard, died at New York, of wounds, Aug. 12, 1864. 
 
 Gallup, Lewis R , died of disease in Washington, D. 0. 
 
 Griffla, George, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn , June 25, 1865. 
 
 Glass, Milton C, died at Baltimore. Maryland, of wounds March 1. 1865. 
 
 Greishoper. Anthony died of disease at Salisbury N. C. Nov. 14,1865. 
 
 Grettan. Thomas W.. died of disease while prisoner. 
 
 Gault, William, died of disease at Camp Butler, 111., April 6, 1865. 
 
 Grey Daniel, died of disease at Charlotte, N. 0. June 10, 1865. 
 
 Gay John, died of disease at Beaufort, S. C, Maich 11, 1865. 
 
 Hewes. John died of disease at Camp Butler. 111., April 17. 1865. 
 
 Hauggi Otis, died of disease at Washington, D. C. Nov. 15, 1864. 
 
 Hunt, Hiram E. , died of disease at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Jan. 25, 1863- 
 
 Home, George, A., died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 27, 1865. 
 
 Helfritch, Peter, died of disease. 
 
 Hill, Albert W., died of disease at Fairfax, Va., March 29, 1863. 
 
 Haileck, William C, lost on board steamer General Lyons, at sea. May 1.5, I860. 
 
 Hines John, killed in action at Irwinsville, Ga., May 10, 1865. 
 
 Hart, Andrew, died at Cold Harbor, Va., of wounds, June 6, 1864. 
 
 Herrick, Josiah, killed in action at Chickamauga, Tenn., Sept. 20, 1863. 
 
 Hudson, James, died of disease at Knoxville, Tenn., Jan. 17, 1864. 
 
 Halbert, Frank A., died of disease at Washington, D. C, Feb. 29, 1864. 
 
 Holmes, David C, killed in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864. 
 
 Haight Alonzo, killed in action at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1863. 
 
 Hall, EugeneZ , died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, Jan. 22, 1864. 
 
 Harper, Samuel W., killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 26, 1864- 
 
 Hogan, John, died of disease at Ann Arbor, Mich., April 5, 1864. 
 
 Harris, Henry A., died of disease at Vicksburg, Miss., June 25, 1864. 
 
426 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Halstead, Chancey, died of disease at Fort Gaines, Ala., Aug. 25, 1864. 
 
 Hillman, JohQ,JiiUed in action at Spottsylvania, Va.. May 8, 1864. 
 
 Hasgarty, John, died of disease at Grand Rapids, Mich., Nov. 7, 1863. 
 
 Hobbs, Levant, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, June 6, 1864. 
 
 Hovey, Henry, died in Virginia, of wounds, June 16, 1864. 
 
 Hawltins. James O., died of disease at Milldale, Miss., June 39, 1863. 
 
 Huson, George W., died at Cumberland river, of wounds. May 10, 1863. 
 
 Hues, Edgar, died of disease at Falmouth, Jan. 15, 1863. 
 
 Harris, William K., died of disease at Port Hudson, La., Oct. 13, 1863. 
 
 Hoisington, John H., died of disease at Fairfax Oourt-House, Va., June 24, 1863. 
 
 Haner, Oscar, died of disease at Jackson, Tenn. 
 
 HiU. William A., died of disease Oct. 24, 1863. 
 
 Hack, Louis, died of disease at Falmouth, Va., Dec. 37, 1863. 
 
 Haight, Salmon E . , died of disease at Falmouth Va., Oct. 37, 1863. 
 
 Hatch, Spencer B.. drownedin Rappahannock river Va., Aug.5, 1863. 
 
 Hays,Luman, died at Hilton Head S. C, Dec. 4, 1861. 
 
 Hazen, Henry H., died of disease at Baton Rouge, La., June 14, 1863. 
 
 Higginson, William J., killed in action at Williamsburg, May 5. 1863. 
 
 Hubbard, Washington, died at Annapolis Junction, Maryland, Jan. 11, 1863. 
 
 Isbell, Henry, died at Detroit, Mich. Feb. 15, 1863. 
 
 Ide, Henry C, died of disease Oct. 8, 1862. 
 
 Irwin, Lyman, killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Jones, George, jr., died of disease at Fort Gratiot, Mich., May 4, 1865. 
 
 Janes, John H., died of disease at Washington, D. C, Jan. 11, 1863. 
 
 Johnson, Richard S., died of disease at Baltimore. Md., April 33. 1863. 
 
 Jewett, William T., died of disease at Nashville Tenn., Dec. 13, 1863 
 
 Jewett, Aaron C, killed in action at Williamsport, Md., July 1, 1863.' 
 
 Jones, S. W., killed by explosion on steamer tiultana, April 38, 1865. 
 
 Jewett, George E. killed in action at Stone river, Dec. 31, 1863. 
 
 Kellogg, Jonas, died of disease at Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 30, 1862. 
 
 Kelly, William, died of disease at Hilton bead S. C, Jan. 22, 1863. 
 
 Kinney, Michael, died of disease at Camp Big Springs, Miss., July 10, 1862. 
 
 Kelly, Silas, died at Hamburg Landing, Tenn., June 18, 1862. 
 
 Kern, Benjamin, died at hospital in New Madrid, Mo., March 26, 1862. 
 
 Kentfield, Loyal O., died of disease at Camp Williams, Aug. 30, 1862. 
 
 Kelly, James, died of disease at Shelby, N. C, June 29, 1865. 
 
 Karr, Leander, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 31, 1865. 
 
 Kelly, Nelson H., died of disease at Detroit, Mich., March 20, 1865. 
 
 Krom, Peter H., died of disease at Cairo, 111., Nov. 7, 1864. 
 
 King, John W., died of disease at Baton Rogue, La. , June 30, 1864. 
 
 Kidder, Hiram O., died of wounds received, May 28, 1864. 
 
 Kelly, Theodore, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 14, 1863. 
 
 King, Norman, killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. 
 
 Kenney, William, died of disease at Murfreesboro, Tenn., May 1, 1863. 
 
 Kean, Michael, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., May 31, 1863. 
 
 Kimball, James, killed in action at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. 
 
 Kellogg, Luther, died of disease at Port Gaines, Ala., Nov. 5, 1864. 
 
 Knapp, Ludwig, died of disease at Camp Nelson, Ky., Nov. 5, 1864. 
 
 Kappler, Jacob P., died of disease at Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 2, 1864. 
 
 Knickerbocker, Benjamin, died of disease at Port Gaines, Ala., Sept. 18, 1864. 
 
 Kingsley, Frank, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
 Loren, Charles E., killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
 Lovejoy, William P., killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 30, 1864. 
 
 Lusk, .John P., killed in action at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. 
 
 Lerzalere, Theodore, died of disease at Milldale, Miss., July 23, 1863. 
 
 Lindaman, Ernst, died of disease at Newport News, Va., March 31, 1863. 
 
 Lucas, Charles H., died of disease at Harper's Ferry, Va., April 37, 1865. 
 
 Lutz, William P., died of disease at Andersonville, Ga , Oct. 11, 1864. 
 
 Lewis, Philander, died of disease at Richmond, Va., May, 1864. 
 
 Lang, Peter M., supposed to have been killed Feb 33, 1865. 
 
 Losey, Friend M., died of disease in Mich., Jan. 30, 1865, while on furlough. 
 
 Lones, James, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 
 Lilley, James, died in hospital at St. Louis, Mo , April 30, 1862. 
 
 Low, David, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 18, 1864. 
 
HISTOBT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 427 
 
 Lewis, Wilson A., died of disease at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1863. 
 Miner, Peter, killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. 
 Murphy, Edwin H., died at Adrian, June 34, 1861. 
 Morgan, William, died of disease at Baltimore, Md., Feb 7, 1862. 
 McCny, William, died at MiamivUle, Ohio, June 39, 1863. 
 Morgan, Dorr, died in hospital, at Frederick, Md., March 7, 1862. 
 McMath, Robert W. , died of disease at Rienzi, Miss., Aug., 1863. 
 Marks, Frederick, accidentally shot at Tuscumbia, Ala., Aug. 28, 1862. 
 Murch, William, killed in action at BuU Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1863. 
 Maynard, Henry, killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1863. 
 McClune, Lawrence, died of disease at Washington, D. C, Sept. 17, 1863. 
 Miller, Robert, died of disease at Camp Butler, 111., April 13, 1865. 
 Marshall, Hamilton E., died of disease at Richmond, Va., July 9, 1864. 
 McNett, Benjamin, died of disease at Camp Butler, 111., April 37, 1865. 
 Merriman, Edward, died of disease at Camp Butler, 111., March 15, 1865. 
 Morris, Robert, died of disease at St. Louis, Mo., April 6, 1864. 
 Miller, George, died of disease at Annapolis, Md. 
 Myers, William W., died of disease at Detroit, Mich., March 11, 1865. 
 McCarty, John, died near Atlanta, Ga., of wounds, Aug. 7, 1864. 
 Miles, Lewis, died of disease at Savannah, Ga., Dec. 37, 1864. 
 Macynski, Stephen, killed in action at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 37, 1863. 
 Miner, Peter, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds. 
 Markham, Orrin, died of disease at Baton Rogue, La., July 18, 1863. 
 MUls, Charles, died at Fredericksburg, Va., of wounds, Jan. 10, 1863. 
 Marsh, Heniy, kiUed inaction at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 37, 1863. 
 Miller, Charles H. W., died of disease at Richmond, Va., March 13, 1864. 
 McDale, John R., died of disease at Bladensburg, May 34, 1865. 
 McCormick, Henry, died of disease at Camp Nelson, Ky., Nov. 33, 1864. 
 McDonald, Daniel, killed in action at Bethsaida Creek, Va., June 3, 1864. 
 Miller, Charles, killed in action at Spottsylvanina, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 McQuinney, Arthur, died of disease at Cincinnati, O., April 15, 1864. 
 Morris, King, died of disease at Annapolis, Md., April 10, 1864. 
 Merrill, George R., killed in action in the Wilderness, Va., May 7, 1864. 
 Miller, Conrad,died of disease at Philadelphia, Pa., June 1, 1865. 
 Miller, John F., died of disease at Mitchellville, Tenn., Dec. 6, 1863. 
 McCormick, William J., died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, May 1, 1865. 
 Merritt, Luther, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., March 19, 1863. 
 Mitchell, Henry A., died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 19, 1863. 
 Miller, David A., died of disease at Washington, D. C, Jan. 37, 1863. 
 MuDroe, William, died of disease at Washington, D.C., July 13, 1863. 
 Markham, Delos, died at Port Hudson, La., of wounds, July 10, 1863. 
 MuUenbrey, Joseph, died at Gettysburg, Pa., of wounds, July 18, 1863. 
 Manchester, George, died of disease. 
 
 Mosher, Asa W., killed m action at Noonday Creek, Ga., June 20, 1864. 
 Miller, John W., died of disease at Lexington, Ky., Jan. 35, 1864. 
 Mills, William, killed in action near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. 
 McCook, Alexander, died of disease at New Orleans, La., Oct. 20, 1864. 
 McGuire, John, died of disease at New Orleans, La., July 3, 1864. 
 McCord, William, died of wounds received, July 28, 1864. 
 McEnnis, Michael, killed in action in the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. 
 McPall, Harrison, killed in action at Campbell's Station, "Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863. 
 Mason, Stephen H., died of disease in military prison at Florence, 8. C. 
 Norris, John D., killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 Newton, Henry C, died of disease at Columbia, Tenn., May 15, 1863. 
 Newkirk, Osmond J., died of disease at Louisville, Ky., April 18, 1863. 
 Neebling. Frederick ('., died of disease at Baltimore, Md., April 14, 1863. 
 Newton, Henry, killed in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 Negus, Charles L., died in Richmond, Va., of starvation, Nov. 23, 1863. 
 Newman, Lewis, died of disease at Knoxville, Tenn., June 23, 1865. 
 North, William P., killed in action at Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. 
 Nealhouse, Henry, died of disease at Annapolis Junction, Md., Dec. 25, 1861. 
 Neidhamer, Jacob, died of disease at Andersonville, Ga., August, 1864. 
 Neibling, jr., John, killed in action near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. 
 Omling, Charles, killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1863. 
 
428 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Owen, Ira H , died of disease in hospital at St. Lous, Mo., Feb. 5, 1863. 
 
 O'Donnell, Jolin, killed in action at Lavergne, Oct. 7, 1863. 
 
 Ormsby, Lauren, died of disease at Vicksburg, Miss., July 3, 1864. 
 
 Oliver, Robert, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
 Oldenhage, Harmon, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 
 Oliver, Jesse, died at Charleston, S. < l, of wounds, July 6, 1865. 
 
 Payne, Windsor, died at Lexington, Ky., Dec. 23, 1863. 
 
 Phelps, Edgar A., died of disease in Washington, D. C, June 10, 1864. 
 
 Prosser, John, died of wounds received. May 13, 1864. 
 
 Perry, George D., killed in action near Petersburg, Va., July 13, 1864. 
 
 Porterfield, Samuel D., died of disease at Naval School Hospital, Annapolis, Md., 
 
 July 13, 1862. 
 Pier, Henry, killed in action in the Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Perry, Reuben J., died of disease at Camp Nelson, Ky., Feb. 12, 1864. 
 Post, Lewis R., died at Chattanooga, Tenn., March 16, 1864. 
 Pierce, Pardon M., died of disease on steamer Weatmoreland, Aug. 6, 1863. 
 Peck, Clarkson, died of disease near Falmouth, Va., Feb. 3, 1863. 
 Phillips, Robert, died of disease at Ypsilanti, Mich., Feb. 15, 1863. 
 Plummer, Chester, killed in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 5, 1863. 
 Phelps, Charles W., killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 Pryor, William A., killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 Polhemus, John, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, Jan. 15, 1863. 
 Phillips, Dewitt C, died of disease in ^ladison, Ind., Jan. 16, 1865. 
 Parker, Orville, died of wounds received. May 21, 1864. 
 Perry, Lucius L. , died of disease at Andersonville, Ga. 
 Plum, Charles W., killed in action in the Wilderness, Va., May 20, 1864. 
 Pond, Jared, killed in action at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, 1862. 
 Potts, Piatt G., died of disease at Detroit, Mich., Sept. 20, 1862. 
 Parker, Emer, died of disease at Bowling Green, Ky., Dec. 20, 1862. 
 Pratt, Joseph, died of disease at Camp Williams, Oct. 25, 1862. 
 Piatt, Dwight, killed in action at Bull Run, Va , Aug. 30, 1862. 
 Peatt, Henry, died at Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 Pierce, Henry C, killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. 
 Palmer, Henry B., died in hospital at Pittsburg, Tenn., May 26, 1862. 
 Raymond, Alonzo, died of disease in New Orleans, La., Oct. 11, 1864. 
 Rouse, Frederick, died of disease at Washington, D. C , May 3, 1864. 
 Redner, William H., died of disease at Detroit, Mich., July, 1804. 
 Riggs, Eli, died at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Romig, Abram, killed in action at Concord Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863. 
 Row, Horace, died at Washington, D. G, of wounds, June 15, 1864. 
 Ringe, John, died of disease at Washington, D. C , April 31, 1864. 
 Ryder, Stephen C, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, June 19, 1864. 
 Roe, Alva, killed in action at Smithfield, Va., Aug. 29, 1864. 
 Rose, Albert P., died of disease at Memphis, Tenn., Feb. 4, 1864. 
 Reule, Martin, died of disease at Milldale, Miss., July 3, 1863. 
 Rumble, William, died of disease at Milldale, Miss., July 2, 1863. 
 Rouse, Charles A., killed in action, at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863 . 
 Russell, Charles E., died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 34, 1863. 
 Reed, Henry, died of disease at Burksville, Va., April 19, 1865. 
 Russell, James F., died of disease at Washington, D. C, May 10, 1865. 
 Rolls, John P., died of disease at Mount Saratoga Hospital, Dec. 9, 1863. 
 Riggs, Joseph D., died of disease at Morgan Miss., June 24, 1865. 
 Rombell, William, died of disease at Snyder's Bluff, Miss., July 3, 1863. 
 Ruckman, Webster, killed in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1863. 
 Roth, Charles, died of disease at Farmington, Miss., June 16, 1863. 
 Rorebeck, Edward H., killed in action at Baton Rouge, La , Aug. 5, 1862 . 
 Reeves, Charles, killed in action at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 37, 1863. 
 Sanford, Orlow, died at Washington, D. C, Oct. 10, 1862. 
 Stockwell, Stephen S., killed in action at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, 1862. 
 Stockwell, William, died of disease at Annapolis, Md. 
 Stanfield, Joseph, killed in action at Games' Mills, Va., June 37, 1862. 
 Sutton, John, killed in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec 13, 1862. 
 Silsbury, Charles M., died of disease at Alexandria. Va., Dec. 4, 1862. 
 Snow, Levi, died of disease at Andersonville, Ga.. May 28, 1864. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 4:29 
 
 Shannon, John, died of disease at Andersonville, Ga., April 13, 1864. 
 
 Sissons, Foster P, died at Goldsboro, N. C, of wounds, March 31, 1863. 
 
 Swift, George, died of disease at Savannah, Ga., Jan. 2S, 1863. 
 
 Sprague, F. S., killed by explosion on steamer Sultana, April 28, 1865. 
 
 Stockwell, Charies M., died of disease at Newport News, Va , March 5, 1863. 
 
 Smith, Daniel W., died of disease at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 6, 1863. 
 
 Sidnam, Abram, died of disease at Nas-hvilli, Tenn. 
 
 Shrig, William, killed in action at Gaines' Mills, Va , June 27, 1863. 
 
 Spencer, Tennant R., died of disease at Washington, D. , December, 1863. 
 
 Short, Charles, died of disease at San Antonio, Tex., Dec. 35, 1863. 
 
 Shaw, Henry W., died of disease in Michigan, while on furlough. 
 
 Self, James H., died of disease at Murfreesboro, Tenn , Feb. 16, 1863. 
 
 Simmonds, Albert O., died at Andersonville, Ga., while prisoner, Oct. 3, 1864. 
 
 Smith, Thomas S., died at Richmond, Va , while prisoner, March, 1864. 
 
 Smith, Monroe, killed in the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. 
 
 Schwalzried, Frederick, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, Jan. 28, 1863. 
 
 Spear, Freeman, killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 3863. 
 
 Smith, Zina, died of disease at Hickman's Bridge, Ky., Aug. 11, 1863. 
 
 Spawn, Louis, died of wounds received. 
 
 Shutz, Frederick A., died at Gettysburg, Pa., of wounds, July 3, 1863. 
 
 Sloat, Edward, died of disease at Stevenson, Ala., July 8, 1864. 
 
 Smith, Marcus, killed in action May 20, 1864. 
 
 Spoor, Stephen H., died of disease at Duvall's Bluff, Ark., July 10, 1864. 
 
 Sanderson, Lyman, died of disease at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 23, 1864. 
 
 Smith, Francis, died of disease at Camp Nelson, Ky., Feb. 8, 1864. 
 
 Smith, John H., died of disease at Fort Gaines, Ala., Sept. 20, 1864. 
 
 Smith, Fenton W., died of disease at Little Rock, Ark., May 10, 1864. 
 
 Sherman, Caleb, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 
 Sumner, George, killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 
 Stevenson, Washington P., died of disease at Sylvan, Mich., Jan. 37, 1865. 
 
 Townsend, Charles E., killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 
 Turner, Decker, died of disease at Lexington, Ky., Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
 Talcott, Joseph, died of disease at Milldale, Miss.. July 20, 1863. 
 
 Travis, William H., died of disease at Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Tichnor, William H., died of disease at Cincinnati, O., Dec. 29, 1863. 
 
 Turner, Alfred, died of disease at Camp Butler, 111., April 33, 1865. 
 
 Vanatta, Aaron, died at Knoxville, Tenn., of wounds, December, 1863. 
 
 Van Geesen, James H., died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, June 17, 1864. 
 
 Vanderwaker, George, killed in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1863. 
 
 Vansickle, Milton, died of disease at Andersonville, Ga.,Aug. 2, 1864. 
 
 Vanluvan, Martin, killed in action, July 1, 1862. 
 
 Vogle,.l acob, died of disease at Salisbury, N. C, May 39, 1864. 
 
 Vorhees, Peter, committed suicide at Camp Anderson, Nov. 36, 1861. 
 
 Vorce, Newton, died of disease at New Orleans, La., Aug. 14, 1862. 
 
 Walker, Morris G., killed in action at Peach Orchard, Va., June 30, 1863. 
 
 Winans, Halsey M., killed in action at Malvern, Va., July 1, 1863. 
 
 Williams, Edwin K., killed in action at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 37, 1863. 
 
 Williams, Henry R., killed in action at James Island, S. C, June 16, 1863. 
 
 Woodard, William A., killed in action at South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1863. 
 
 Willis, David, died of disease at Dallas, N. C, June 34, 1865. 
 
 Wood, Charles H.,- died of disease at Cairo, III., Aug. 13, 1863. 
 
 Weed, jr., Dennis, died of disease at Alexandria, Va., Sept. 8, 1864. 
 
 Weekly, John, died of disease at Washington, D. C, June 10, 1864. 
 
 Webster, Daniel D., died of disease at Camp Butler, III., March 9, 1865. 
 
 Waldron, Samuel, died of disease. 
 
 Wilson, Albert M., died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 18, 1865. 
 
 Wells, Willard, killed by explosion of the steamer Sultana, on Mississippi river, 
 
 June 1,1865. 
 Wagner, Charles A., died of disease at Andersonville, Ga. 
 Whitman, Hiram, died of disease at Grand Rapids, Feb. 8, 1863. 
 Weaver, William P., died of disease at Beaufort, 8. C, June 28, 1864. 
 Wofram, Chauncey, died in a Southern prison, Dec. 20, 1864. 
 Whitmore, Lewis F., killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. 
 Wahl, John, died at Washington, D. C, of wounds, Jan. 13, 1863. 
 
430 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 "Webb, Frederick S., died of disease atWashiDgton, D. C, Feb. 14, 1863. 
 
 Walker, Madison O., killed in action at Port Hudson, La., June 30, 1863. 
 
 Wilson, Robert, died of disease. 
 
 Wise, Harmon J., killed in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 
 Ward, Calvin, died of disease at Columbia, Tenn., May 31, 1863. 
 
 Wallace, Charles A., died of disease at Falmouth, Jan. 5, 1863 . 
 
 Winslow, Nelson, died of disease at Washington, D. C, July 1, 1864. 
 
 Wbite, Franklin, died of disease at Oberlin, O., Oct. 26, 1863. 
 
 West, John H., died of disease at Cumberland Gap, Tenn., Jan. 21, 1864. 
 
 Weatherwax, Walden, died of disease at Dauphin Island, Oct. 24, 1864. 
 
 Winslow, John, killed in action July 24, 1864. 
 
 Wetherbee, Erastus, killed in action at Cold Harbor, Va., May 6, 1864. 
 
 Warner, William H., killed in action at Cold Harbor, "Va., June 30, 1864. 
 
 Wade, John, killed in action at Honey Hill, S. C, Nov. 30, 1864. 
 
 "White, John, died of disease at Camp Nelson, Ky., April 1,1864. 
 
 Wilderoder, John C, killed in action at Trevillian Station, "Va., June 12, 1864. 
 
 Winans, James, died of disease at St. Louis, Mo., April 7, 1864. 
 
 Yawger, John, died of disease at Powder Spring Valley, Ky., Jan. 28, 1864, 
 
 Young, Samuel, died of disease at Columbia. Tenn., Sept. 15, 1864. 
 
 Young, George A., died in Michigan, of accidental wounds. 
 
 Yocum, Joseph M., died of disease at Falmouth, Va., Dec. 27, 1862. 
 
 Zurich, George T., died of wounds, July 1.5, 1864. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 REMINISCENCES. 
 
 Tlie pioneer reminiscences of the early settlers are always read 
 with interest. In this connection is presented a few, with the re- 
 gret that space forbids an increase of the number: 
 
 BY MRS. HARRIET L. NOBLE. 
 
 My husband was seized with the mania, and accordingly made 
 preparations to start with his brother in Januar}'. They took the 
 Ohio route, and were nearly a month in getting through, coming 
 by way of Monroe, and theuce to Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor. Mr. 
 John Allen and Walter Ramsey with his wife and two men had 
 been there some four or five weeks, had built a small house, mo\red 
 into it the day my husband and his brother arrived, and were just 
 preparing their first meal, which the new-comers had the pleas- 
 ure of enjoying. They spent a few days there, located a farm a little 
 above town on the River Huron, and returned through Canada. They 
 had been so much pleased with the new country that they imme- 
 diately commenced preparing to emigrate; and as near as I can 
 recollect, we started about the 20th of September, 1824, for Michi- 
 gan. We traveled from our home in Geneva to Buffalo in wagons. 
 The roads were bad, and we were obliged to wait in Buffalo four 
 days for a boat, as the steamer Michigan V7a,s, the only one on the 
 lake. After waiting so long we found she had put into Erie for 
 repairs, and had no prospect of being able to run for some time. 
 The next step was to take passage in a schooner, which was con- 
 sidered a terrible undertaking for so dangerous a voyage as it was 
 then thought to be. At length we went on board tiie Prudence, 
 of Cleveland, Captain Johnson. A more inconvenient little bark 
 could not well be imagined. We were seven days on Lake Erie, 
 and so entirely prostrated with sea-sickness, as scarcely to be able 
 to attend to the wants of our little ones. I had a little girl of three 
 years and a babe some nine months old, and sister Noble had six 
 children, one an infant. It was a tedious voyage; the lake was very 
 rough most of the time, and I thought if we were only on land again 
 I should be satisfied, if it was a wilderness. I could not then realize 
 what it would be to live without a comfortable home through the 
 winter, but sad experience afterward taught me a lesson not to be 
 forgotten. 
 
 We came into the Detroit river; it was beautiful then as now; 
 on the Canada side, in particular, you will scarce perceive any 
 
 (4.31) 
 
432 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 change. As we approached Detroit, the "Cantonment," with the 
 American flag floating on its wall, was decidedly the most interest- 
 ing of any part of the town; for a city, it was certainly the most 
 filthy, irregular place I had ever seen; the streets were filled with 
 Indians and low French, and at that time I could not tell the dif- 
 ference between them. We spent two days in making preparation 
 to go out to Ann Arbor, and during that time I never saw a gen- 
 teelly dressed person in the streets. There were no carriages; the 
 most wealthy families rode in French carts, sitting upon the bottom 
 upon some kind of seats, and the streets were so muddy these were 
 the only convenient vehicles for getting about. I said to myself, 
 "If this be a Western city, give me a home in the woods." 
 
 I think it was on the 31st of October we started from Detroit, 
 with a pair of oxen and a wagon, a few articles for cooking, and such 
 necessaries as we could not do without. It was necessary that they 
 should be as few as possible, for our families were a full load for 
 this mode of traveling. After traveling all day, we found our- 
 selves but 10 miles from Detroit (at what is now Dearborn); here 
 we spent the night at a kind of tavern, the only one west of the 
 citv. Our lodsjina; was the floor, and the other entertainment was 
 to match. The next day we set out as early as possible, in hopes to 
 get througli the woods before dark, but night found us about half 
 way through, and there remained no other resource but to camp out 
 and make ourselves contented. The men built a large fire and 
 prepared our supper. My sister and myself could assist but little, 
 so fatigued were we with walking and carrying our infants. There 
 were 15 in our company. Two gentlemen going to Ypsilanti 
 had traveled with us from Buff'alo; the remainder were our own 
 families. We were all pretty cheerful, until we began to think of 
 lying down for the night. The men did not seem to dread it, how- 
 ever, and were soon asleep, but sleep was not for me in such a 
 wilderness. I could think of nothing but wild beasts, or something 
 as bad; so that I had the pleasure of watching while the others 
 slept. It seemed a long, long night, and never in my life did I feel 
 more grateful for the blessing of returning day. We started again 
 as early as possible, all who could walk tnoving on a little in ad- 
 vance of the wagon; the small children were the only ones who 
 thought of riding. Every few rods it would take two or three men 
 to pry the wagon out of the mud, while those who walked were 
 obliged to force their way over fallen timber, brush, etc. Thus 
 passed the day; at night we found ourselves on the plains, three 
 miles from Tpsilanti. My feet were so swollen I could walk no 
 further. We got into the wagon and rode as far as Woodruff's 
 grove, a little below Tpsilanti.' There were four or five families at 
 this place. 
 
 The next day we left for Ann Arbor; we were delighted with 
 the country before us ; it was beautiful in its natural state, and I 
 have sometimes thought that cultivation marred its loveliness. 
 Where Ypsilanti now stands there was but one biiilding--an old trad- 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTKNAW CO0NTr. 433 
 
 ing house on the west side of the river; the situation was fine; 
 there were scattering oaks and no brushwood. Here we met a 
 large number of Indians, and one old squaw followed us some 
 distance with her pappoose, determined to swap babies. At last she 
 gave it up, and for once I felt relieved. We passed two log houses 
 between this and Ann Arbor. About the middle of the afternoon 
 we found ourselves at our journey's end, but what a prospect! 
 There were some six or seven log huts occupied by as many in- 
 mates as could crowd into them. It was too much tu think of 
 asking strangers to give us a place to stay in even for one night 
 under such circumstances. Mr. John Allen himself made us the 
 offer of sharing with him the comforts of a shelter from stoi'm, if 
 not from the cold. His house was large for a log one, but quite 
 unfinished; there was a ground fioor and a single loft above. When 
 we got our things stored in this place, we found the number 
 sheltered to be 21 women and children, and 14 men. 
 There were but two bedsteads in the house, and those who could 
 not occupy these slept on feather-beds upon the floor. When the 
 children were put in bed, you could not set a foot down without 
 stepping on a foot or hand ; the consequence was, we had music 
 most of the time. We cooked our meals in the open air, there 
 being no fire in the house but a small box stove. The fall winds 
 were not very favorable to such business ; we would frequently 
 find our clothes on fire, but fortunately we did not often get burned. 
 When one meal was over, however, we dreaded preparing the next. 
 We lived in this way until our husbands got a log house raised and 
 the roof on ; this took them about six weeks, at the end of which 
 time we went into it, without door, floor, chimney or anything but 
 logs and roof. There were no means of getting boards for a floor, 
 as everything must be brought from Detroit, and we could not 
 think of drawing lumber over such a road. The only alternative 
 was to split slabs of oak with an ax. My husband was not a 
 mechanic, but he managed to make a floor in this way that kept us 
 from the ground., I was most anxious for a door, as the wolves 
 would come about in the evening, and. sometimes stay all night 
 and keep up a serenade that would almost chill the blood in my 
 veins. Of all noises I think the howling of wolves and the yelling 
 of Indians the most fearful, — at least it appeared so to me there 
 when I was not able to close the door against them. I had the 
 greatest terror of Indians, for I had never seen any before I came 
 to Michigan but Oneidas, and they were very difi"erent, being partly 
 civilized. We had our house comfortable as such a rude build- 
 ing could be by the first of February. 
 
 It was a mild winter ; there was snow enough to cover the 
 ground only four days, a fortunate circumstance for us. We enjoyed 
 uninterrupted health, but in the spring the ague with its accompan- 
 iments gave us a call, and by the middle of August there were but 
 four out of 14 who could call themselves well. We then 
 fancied we were too near the river for health. We sold out and 
 
434 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 bought again 10 miles west of Ann Arbor, a place whicb 
 suited us better, and just a year from the day we came to 
 Ann Arbor moved out of it to Dexter. There was one house 
 here, that of Judge Dexter ; he was building a saw-mill and 
 had a number of men at work at the time ; besides these 
 there was not a white family west of Ann Arbor in Michigan 
 Territory. Our log house was just raised, forming only 
 the square log pen. Of course it did not look very inviting, 
 butitwasour home and we must make the best of it. I 
 helped to raise the rafters and put on the roof, but it was the last 
 of November before our roof was completed. We were obliged to 
 wait for the mill to run in order to get boards for making it. The 
 door-way I had no means of closing except by hanging up a blan- 
 ket, and frequently when I raised it to step out, there would be two 
 or three of our dusky neighbors peeping in to see what was there. 
 It woiild always give me such a start, I could not suppress a scream, 
 to which they would reply with "Ugh!" and a hearty laugh. 
 They knew I was afraid and liked to torment me. Sometimes they 
 would throng the house and stay two or three hours. If I was 
 alone they would help themselves to what they liked. The only 
 way in which I could restrain thena at all, was to threaten to tell 
 Oass ; he was Governor of the Territory and they stood in great 
 fear of him. 
 
 At last we got a door. The next thing wanted was a chimney; 
 winter was close at hand, and the stone was not drawn. I said to 
 my husband, "I think I can drive the oxen and draw the stones, 
 while you dig them trom the ground and load them." He thought 
 I could not, but consented to let me try. He loaded them on a 
 kind of sled; I drove to the house, rolled them ojff and drove back 
 for another load. I succeeded so well, that we got enough in this 
 way to build our cliimney. My husband and myself were four 
 days building it. I suppose most of my lady friends would think 
 a woman quite out of "her legitimate sphere" in turning mason; 
 but I was not at all particular what kind of labor 1 performed, so 
 we were only comfortable, and provided with the necessaries of 
 life. Many times I had been obliged to take my children, put on 
 their cloaks, and sit on the south side of the house in the sun to 
 keep them warm; anything was preferable to smoke. "When we 
 had a chimney and floor, and a door to close up our little log cabin, 
 I have often thought it the most comfortable little place that could 
 possibly be built in so new a country, and but for the want of pro- 
 visions of almost every kind, we should have enjoyed it much. 
 The roads had been so" bad all the fall, that we had waited until 
 this time, and I think it was December when my husband went to 
 Detroit for supplies. Fifteen days were consumed in going and 
 coming. "We had been without flour for three weeks or more, and 
 it^ was hard to manage with young children thus. After being 
 without bread three or four days, my little boy, two years old, 
 looked me in the face and said, " Ma, why don't you make bread; 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 435 
 
 don't 3'on like it? I do." His innocent complaint brought forth the 
 first tears I had shed in Michigan, on account of any privations I 
 had to suffer, and they were about the last. I am not of a de- 
 sponding disposition, nor often low-spirited, and having left JN'ew 
 York to make Michigan my home I had no idea of going back, or 
 being very unhappy. Yet the want of society, Church privileges, 
 and in fact almost every thing that makes life desirable, would 
 often make me sad in spite of all effort to the contrary. I had no 
 ladies' society for one year after coming to Dexter, except that of 
 sister Noble and a Mrs. Taylor, and was more lonely than either of 
 them, my family being so small. The winter passed rather gloomi- 
 ly, but when spring came, everything looked delightful. "We 
 thought our hardships nearly at an end, wlien early in tlie summer 
 my husband was taken with the ague. He had not been sick at all 
 the first year; of course he must be acclimated. He had never suf- 
 fered from ague or fever of any kind before, and it was a severe 
 trial for him with so much to do, and no help to be had. He would 
 break the ague and work for a few days, when it would return. In 
 this way he made his gardens, planted his corn, and thought he 
 was quite well. About August he harvested his wheat and cut his 
 hay, but could get no help to draw it, and was again taken with the 
 ague. I had it myself, and both my children. Occasionally we 
 would all be ill at a time. 
 
 Mr. Xoble and I had it every other day. He was almost dis- 
 couraged, and said he should have to sell his cattle, or let them 
 starve. I said to him, "To-morrow we shall neither of us have the 
 ague, and I believe I can load and stack the hay if my strength 
 permits. " As soon as breakfast was over, I prepared to go into 
 the meadow, where I loaded and stacked seven loads that day. The 
 next day my husband had the ague more severely than common, 
 but not so with me; the exercise broke the chills, and I was able to 
 assist him whenever he was well enough, until our hay was all se- 
 cured. In the fall we had several added to our circle. We were 
 more healthy then, and began to flatter ourselves that we could live 
 very comfortably through the winter of 1829; but we were not des- 
 tined to enjoy that blessing, for in November my husband had his 
 left hand blown to pieces by the accidental discharge of a gun, 
 which confined him to the house until April. The hay I had 
 stacked through the summer I had to feed out to the cattle with 
 my own hand in the winter, and often cut the wood for three days 
 at a time. The logs which I alone rolled in, would surprise any 
 one who had never been put to the test of necessity, whicli compels 
 people to do what under any other circumstances they would not 
 have thought possible. 
 
 The third winter in Michigan was decidedly the hardest I had 
 yet encountered. In the spring Mr. Noble could go out, by carry- 
 ing his hand in a sling. He commenced plowing, to prepare for 
 planting his corn. Being weak from his wound, the ague returned 
 again, but lie worked every other day, until his corn was planted. 
 
436 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTTITrr. 
 
 He then went to New york, came back in July, and brought a 
 nephew with him, who relieved me from helping him in the work 
 out of doors. Although I was obliged to stack the hay this third 
 fall, I believe it was the last labor of the kind I ever performed. 
 At this time we began to have quite a little society; we were fortu- 
 nate in having good neighbors, and for some years were almost like 
 one family, our interest being the same, and env3', jealousy and all 
 bitter feeling unknown among us. We cannot speak so favorably 
 of the present time. 
 
 When 1 look upon my life and see the ups and downs, the hard- 
 ships and trials I have been called upon to endure, I feel no wish 
 to be young again. I was in the prime of life when I came to 
 Michigan, only 27, and ray husband was 33. Neither of us knew 
 the reality of hardships. Gould we have known what it was to be 
 pioneers in a new country, we would never have had the courage to 
 come; but I am satisfied with all the disadvantages of raising a 
 family in a new country, there is a consolation in knowing that 
 our children are prepared to brave the ills of life, I believe, far 
 better than they would have been, had we never left New York. 
 
 BT MRS. N. H. PIERCE. 
 
 Moved like others gone before him, by a spirit of unrest, 
 
 My beloved Yankee father, with his family journeyed west, 
 
 Seeking other fields of labor, and 'mid other scenes to roam, 
 
 And, mayhaps, a site securing for a pleasant, prosperous home. 
 
 In the rush of emigration, following still the hand of fate, 
 
 Leaving old-time friends and neighbors, came to this new-growing State, 
 
 Which was yet a Territory, with resources vast and grand, 
 
 'Twas the nucleus of wonder in its rich and varied land. 
 
 And its climate, pure, salubrious, and its timber, salt and coal, 
 
 With a thousand ways thrown open leading on to wealth untold, 
 
 As the hand of earnest labor should its treasures rich unfold. 
 
 In the spring, if I remember ('twas the year of '38), 
 
 We arrived upon the borders of our yet wild Indian State, 
 
 To the small iDut growing city (such the city of the straits), 
 
 Where we pitched our tents a season, thinking there to make our home. 
 
 But again not quite contented, on still farther west would come. 
 
 On the cars as far as Ypsilanti, from thence we were conveyed 
 in lumber wagons over rough roads, through wild woodlands. 
 There were few cultivated farms or human habitations all along our 
 route to Ann Arbor, which was then a small village. 
 
 My father, John Monroe, was contractor on the railroad, building 
 it in sections from Ypsilanti to Ann Arbor, and also in the years 
 following between Ann Arbor and Jackson, employing many men 
 grading the road bed, laying the ties and getting it ready for the 
 iron. About the third year after we came here my father pur- 
 chased the farm known as the " Tagg farm," about one mile east, 
 on the Ypsilanti road. D wight Kellogg was our nearest neighbor; 
 his home, a fine large brick residence, still stands, although he and 
 his wife have long since paid the debt of nature, and his children 
 are scattered far and wide. On the other hand we had Col. White 
 

 \v \ '-^ 
 
 
 3-' 
 ■S' 
 
 ^LjtZc ^ea-^ 
 
 /^^^-^^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 439 
 
 and his son Henry, old farmers, Mr. Botsford, Mr. Foster, Keedle, 
 Glazier and others, many of whom have long since passed away. 
 In that part of Ann Arbor known as Lower Town, or fifth ward, a 
 gentleman, Jas. Jones, Esq., and his family still reside, who, having 
 come here when the country was entirely new, remember many 
 interesting incidents of its early settlement. He first located about 
 three miles west of Ann Arbor, on the Dexter road. The only 
 pathway through the woods from there to Ann Arbor was by 
 "marked trees." His house, nearly a mile from his nearest neigh- 
 bor, was built of logs, without roof save a few rough slabs, without 
 doors or windows — -nothing to bar against the intrusion of bears, 
 wolves and Indians, except loose blankets. " When it rained," he 
 said, '■ more rain fell inside the house than outside." One day, 
 when Mrs. Jones lay sick with the ague,having been left alone with 
 her baby, she was horrified to discover a loathsome reptile, of the 
 lizard species, crawling across her floor. In her weak and nervous 
 state of health she "felt as if the house was full of them," and suf- 
 fered accordingly. Snakes and other reptiles were plentiful ; wolves 
 frequently howled about the place at midnight, curdling their blood 
 with fears of impending destruction. This was during the year 
 1S31. One day Mrs. Jones took her baby, afraid to leave it alone, 
 and went half a mile from home for water. On her return with 
 her pail in one hand and her child in the other, she came across a 
 monstrous blue racer lying directly in her way. To use her own 
 words, '■ Its head was up glaring at her with glittering eyes, and it 
 was as large around the body as a stovepipe." Fear lent her wings 
 and she reached her home nearly dead with fright, not daring to 
 look behind for fear of pursuit. A few days after this was the 3d 
 of July. A shower came up in the evening; the night was intensely 
 dark, and Mr. Jones and his wife were quietly talking of going to 
 Ann Arbor (then consisting of six or seven houses) to spend the 
 4th of July. Just then they were startled by the savage yell of 
 Indians, and feeling that they wore at the mercy of the red-skins, 
 if they were bent upon their destruction, Mr. Jones advised his 
 wife to take her babe and escape through the window, and flee to 
 the house of her brother-in-law, Mr. Dillon, who lived a mile away, 
 and he would stay and protect their home. Thereupon he took 
 his knife in his hand and stood at the door, resolved to sell his life 
 dearly. One of the belligerents became entangled in the brush 
 of a fallen tree, when the other said in a familiar voice, " Get out of 
 that tall grass." A good laugh followed the discovery that it was 
 only a little plan on the part of two of their neighbors to scare 
 them for fun. 
 
 An old Indian used frequently to bring to Mrs. Dillon berries, 
 venison, baskets, etc., which he wished to exchange for food or any- 
 thing else he could get. Growing weary of his importunities, he 
 was ordered to go away and not come again. While she was rest- 
 ing on a lounge beneath an open window one day, a swarthy face 
 peered in above her and a guttural " boo zhoo " sounded in her ears 
 
 28 
 
440 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and startled her. She again ordered him away, but he insisted on 
 having some food. Then she gave him a slice of bread and butter. 
 But something had aroused his suspicions, and he asked her to 
 taste of it herself, which she refused to do. He then went away 
 muttering, threw the bread away, and was never seen afterward iu 
 that neighborhood. 
 
 The brick blocks on Broadway, in the fifth ward, were erected 
 by Mr. Josiah Beckley and Anson Brown. These pioneers were 
 fully determined that Ann Arbor should be on this side of the 
 river. Mr. James came with Mr. Brown to select a lot to build a 
 house upon. The hazel bushes and wild plum-trees were so thick 
 that he could " only find his way back by the rags that had been 
 torn oft' and left hanging on the bushes." The house that Mr. 
 Jones built was the first frame house m the lower town, whither 
 he removed his family. It was afterward sold to Solomon 
 Doty, boot and shoe dealer. The house has recently passed into 
 the hands of Fred Alber, who is making many improvements in 
 and about the place. Anson Brown kept the postoffice and a dry- 
 goods store, employing Mr. McCoUum as bookkeeper in the year 
 1833. Mr. McCollum is still living, and remarkably active and 
 industrious for his age, having passed his 83d year. He has raised 
 a large family. 
 
 Dr. Cowles was the first physician locating in Ann Arbor. He 
 oflficiated in nearly every family, and was regarded with great favor 
 by all who knew him. His widow is still living. The first child 
 that he introduced upon this stage of action was Mrs. Crowel, third 
 daughter of Mr. Jones, in 1844. The Washtenaw hotel was built 
 in i832, and was said to be the best hotel between Detroit and 
 Jackson. W. R. Thompson was proprietor. Having some idea of 
 going into the mercantile business, he (Jones) thought of buying 
 out a store in the upper town. An invoice taken revealed " half a 
 barrel of whisky, with a nail on the side holding a tin cup, three 
 open-top thimbles, five darning needles, and a hank of black linen 
 thread." Mr. J. concluded the stock was too heavy and he turned 
 his attention to coopering. 
 
 In the year 1840 the first train of cars came to Ann Arbor. It 
 was an occasion of great rejoicing. Mr. Thomas Holmes, who kept 
 a select school in the old Baptist church, dismissed his school for a 
 half holiday. "We marched with our teacher in good order to the 
 residence of Dr. Orrasby, on the hill just nortli of the grist-mill, 
 and now occupied by Eli Moore, to await its coming. When at 
 length it appeared, laden with excursionists, our joy knew no 
 bounds. A grand jubilee followed, long to be remembered by all 
 who participated. And the question has often presented itself to 
 our minds since, " Wh^^ did he not take us to the station, if he 
 wanted to give us a treat, instead of to a hill a quarter of a mile 
 away ?" Mr. Holmes was a good teacher, and many of his scholars, 
 now parents and grandparents, remember his school with pleasure. 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 441 
 
 In the spring of 1845 an accident occcurred, which is worthy of 
 note in this little sketch — the breaking of the bridge on the Huron. 
 It happened on Sunday. There were to be sevei-al people baptized 
 by immersion in the river, and the bridge was just about thronged 
 with the spectators of the scene. While in the middle of the solemn 
 ceremony the bridge suddenly gave way, precipitating several hun- 
 dred people, men, women and children, into the rushing stream. 
 Such screaming, shouts and confusion followed as was truly appall- 
 ing ! Hats, bonnets, parasols, etc., went floating away with the 
 water. What seemed a matter of great wonderment was the fact 
 that of all the people thrown in such a mass, with the debris and 
 the broken bridge, not one was killed and none seriously' injured, 
 beyond a thorough ducking and the damage done to clothing. Of 
 course this unlooked for episode ended the exercises of the day on 
 short order. D. T. McCollnm, Jas. Jones and many others who 
 were on terra jlrTna, and thus escaped, did much in rescuing and 
 caring for half-drowned humanity. 
 
 There have been several newspaper publications in the lower 
 town. The " Signal of Liberty," an anti-slavery organ, was pub- 
 lished by the Rev. Guy Beckley and a Mr. Foster, on the east side 
 of Broadway. At an office or offices on the other side we had " The 
 Gem of Science," published by Sanford & Sanford, also a weekly ; 
 "The Primitive Expounder," a semi-monthly, by Thornton & 
 Billings, two Universalist ministers; "The Alphadelphie Tocsin," 
 published in the interest of the Alphadelphian Association, located 
 in Kalamazoo. Besides these there was the " Native American," 
 a political paper; the " Young Ifankee," devoted to light reading 
 and amusement; "The Corrector," instituted to make crooked peo- 
 ple walk straight, an organ much needed even at the present day. 
 The last named, however, were short-lived, and expired after an 
 ephemeral existence of a few months. 
 
 There was a large paper mill erected by a Mr. Jones and Mr. 
 Foley, and successfully run by them for a few years. It then 
 became the property of Norman Ohapin, who conducted it on a 
 small scale for some years; finally it was consumed by fire in 1866, 
 and the Agricultural Works, by Moore & Son, erected on its site 
 where they now stand, owned and controlled by Messrs. Moore, 
 Finnegan & Howard. They also erected the fine large square house 
 now occupied by Dr. Kellogg, a clairvoyant physician of consider- 
 able note, as a boarding house for the employes; but these failed 
 after a time, and for years the old mill stood still. 
 
 In the course of time, the city proper having been located in 
 upper town, improvements have gone on rapidly, while the lower 
 town, admitted some time after the rest of Ann Arbor became 
 a city, progressed very slowly. 
 
 During the war of the rebellion a large percentage of the male 
 population joined in the ranks and went to fight for the Union. 
 Seventy-five old and young men went from this ward alone; figlit- 
 ing valiantly in the cause of freedom, they left a glorious record 
 behind them, not one having proved recreant to his trust. Some 
 
442 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of these brave men came through this terrible ordeal unscathed. 
 A few of those who fell were brought home and interred here; the 
 greatest number, stricken upon the battle-field, or languished and 
 died in hospitals, were buried we know not where. The patri- 
 otic people of this ward have erected a monument to their memory, 
 and a society of ladies has been organized for the purpose of keep- 
 ing their memories green in the hearts of a grateful people. This 
 society is known as the Fifth Ward Ladies' Decoration Society. 
 They number about 20 members, and have a president, vice- 
 president, treasurer and secretary. They hold semi-monthly meet- 
 ings, and elect officers yearl}'; give socials, parties, lectures, and 
 various entertainments to keep up the interest and supply the 
 treasury with means to meet the expenses of Memorial Day, which 
 is observed with much ceremony, and is an occasion of deep feeling 
 and gratitude toward the noble dead. Usually a large number ot 
 people join in the solemn exercises, such as speaking, singing, 
 music, and the scattering of iiowers. Children bear an important 
 part, to impress upon the young heart a true spirit of patriotism. 
 
 Many of the old pioneers of this section of Washtenaw county 
 have passed away. A few yet remain. Among those who have 
 closed their records of earthly events, I will mention a few well- 
 known in this section: John Monroe and his wife Electa Monroe, 
 my parents; Col. White and wife, Mrs. Foster, Mr. Glazier, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Hicks, Mr. and Mrs. Dwight Kellogg, Day Belding, 
 Laban Felch, who gave two of his sons a sacrifice upon the altar ot 
 liberty; Mr. Greenman, who was blown up in his match factory 
 and died six months afterward on account of the accident; Dr. 
 Cowles, Solomon Doty, Chet Ingals, Nell Benham, Nate Burnam, 
 T. A. Haviland, for many years a blacksmith and machinist; Chas. 
 \^ai], J. H. Lund, formerly a merchant; Bill Sinclair, for many 
 years owner of the large flouring mills; Dr. Irish, Rial B. Chase, 
 Mr. Matthews, Mr. Powell, Mr. and Mrs. Wait, Dr. Kellogg; the 
 Misses Vail, who taught school in the basement of their residence 
 on Broadway when we who are grandmothers were little children. 
 So time moves on bearing all in its restless course. 
 
 In 1874 there was an explosion in this quiet section, which for a 
 time filled the inhabitants with consternation. It occurred in the 
 store of A. Herz, and was occasioned by a fire which exploded a 
 keg of gunpowder. The heavy oralis of masonry were torn and 
 rent from cellar to garret, and although 20 persons were injured, 
 none were killed, and only one dangerously injured. While the 
 great heart of the world throbs on in the rush and flow of events 
 scarcely a ripple of commotion reaches our quiet corner. But the 
 advent of a new railroad is now looked forward to with much 
 interest in the hope of its proving an impetus to the spirit of 
 improvement. The people are generally united, intelligent, indus- 
 trious, and while we have none very wealthy or very poor, all are 
 law-abiding and happy. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 443 
 
 BY MRS. TIMOTHY W. HUNT. 
 
 In the year 1802 Hon. John Hnnt, of the town of Union, Conn., 
 moved to Onondaga county, New York — then a wilderness — with 
 a numerous family of children. His youngest son, Timothy "W., 
 will be the subject of this sketch. 
 
 He was born in 1799. At the age of four years he was deprived by 
 death of a tender mother's care. Between the age of 16 and 21, he 
 served as an apprentice at tanning and currying with Col. Hickory, 
 at Skaneatele. At the age of 22 he commenced his business on the 
 homestead, his brother conducting the farm, dividing their in- 
 terests. About that time we formed an acquaintance. As years 
 passed our attachment increased, and we were married February, 
 1825, by Eev. J. Moore. We lived on the homestead several years. 
 In the meantime the Erie canal was completed, and his business be- 
 came unprofitable. Therefore he concluded to go West in search 
 of a farm. In the spring of 1828 he left home, traveling through 
 Western New York. Not being satisfied with such farms as his 
 limited means would allow him to purchase, and learning that there 
 was a schooner to leave Dunkirk for Detroit, he embarked for that 
 place. On arriving at Detroit, and hearing of beautiful land further 
 west, he took the trail leading to Ann Arbor; still farther to Lodi 
 plains. There he selected a few lots on sections 26 and 35. The 
 land-office being then at Detroit, it became necessary to make the 
 40-mile trip on foot in order to secure them. On his return he 
 bought an ax, chopped and hauled logs and rolled up the body of 
 a house. Capt. Lowery manufactured the shingles and roofed it, 
 while my husband returned East for his family, he being absent 
 nearly three months. Immediately on his arrival preparations 
 were completed for our departure. Taking our two little ones in 
 our arms we bade our friends an affectionate good-bye. The chil- 
 dren had entwined themselves very closely to aged grandpa's heart. 
 His youngest son also to leave his home, methinks the scene was 
 not unlike the patriarch Jacob parting with his youngest son Ben- 
 jamin. It was the last farewell, as he lived three months, then 
 bade adieu to earthly sceues. On June 17th we were seated in a 
 canal boat at Syracuse and were five days reaching Buffalo. As 
 we had time we improved it by a carriage ride of 22 miles to view 
 Niagara Falls. We took passage on the steamboat Superior, 
 and were five days crossing Lake Erie. Detroit was then the capi- 
 tal of the Territory. The inhabitants were principally French. 
 Their houses were singular in appearance, being very low, with 
 sharp pointed roofs, wood colored and dingy. 
 
 We put up at the only hotel in the city. The Legislature, which 
 was then in session, dined at the same house. They gave us a 
 cordial reception to the new Territory of Michigan. My husband 
 bought an ox team at Pontiac, 30 miles distant, and hitched them 
 to a wagon we had brought with us. My parents, three sisters and 
 ourselves, left Detroit the third day, and stopped for the night at 
 
44i HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Spring Mills. The mosquitoes were legion in numbers. Our war- 
 fare was incessant, and we all thought retreat the better part of 
 valor. The team came around, and we left the log tavern in haste. 
 The moon shone its brightest; dewdrops glistened on shrubs and 
 flowers; the shrill notes of the whippoorwill and the sound of the 
 wagon wheels bounding over pole bridges, broke the stillness, and 
 the varied echo made our night's journey delightful. At sunrise 
 we halted for breakfast and rest. Again proceeding on our journey 
 the heat became intense, and our progress necessarily slow. The 
 wayside was strewn with flowers, and many were gathered to amuse 
 ourselves and children. The next day we cut our way through 
 brush to the homes of three of my brothers. There we tarried a 
 few days to rest; then hauling our household goods from Detroit, 
 again resumed our wearisome march toward our place of destina- 
 tion. A few miles through dense woods, then across a small plain 
 near where Capt. Dire had erected a grist-mill, from there over 
 numerous hills until we reached the Huron river, which we forded, 
 there being no bridge across it. Here was Ann Arbor. It com- 
 prised a few small houses nestled amongst the scattering burr- 
 oaks. The surrounding scenery was delightful. We tarried all 
 night at the only tavern. As morning came we were eager for our 
 last day's journey. Through the woods we went, passing two houses 
 in the midst before reaching Lodi plains, which nature had adorned 
 profusely with flowers of every hue, interspersed amongst the tall 
 grass, with here and there a shady oak, which together with a few 
 neat log houses completed the landscape. 
 
 On that beautiful plain wa found our frontier home the 9th of 
 July. Not a white man's abode west of us, within our knowledge, 
 between there and the Rocky Mountains. Shall I describe our 
 house? As long as the logs would admit it, being without a door, 
 window, hearth or chimney, a floor in the center, corners without, 
 we built the fire against the green logs. When the smoke disturbed 
 us we carried the fire out doors and cooked there. Ofttimes we 
 could peer through between the logs and see the deer feeding in 
 numbers near the house; turkeys too, in flocks; aye! more, the red 
 men by liundreds, as they passed by on a well- beaten track, going 
 to Detroit and Maiden to receive presents from the different gov- 
 ernments. They often filled the house, there being no door to shut 
 them out. Then the wolves organized regularly at sunset, and made 
 the air ring with their highest notes. One night a stray one sneaked 
 in under the blanket and scratched on the meat barrel, but a halloo 
 from the bed made him beat a hasty retreat, and as civilization 
 advanced they with the red men retieated westward. 
 
 In August my husband and one of our little ones were prostrated 
 with a fever. It often became necessary for me to leave the sick 
 ones alone, and go with a sad heart and hasty step to my nearest 
 neighbor, half a mile distant, for water to cool their parched lips 
 and aching heads. About the middle of October, our eldest son 
 was born. Our house being in the same unfinished condition, all 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 445 
 
 our sash, glass, with many other necessary articles were to be hauled 
 from Detroit by ox teams over almost impassable roads, but by the 
 last of November our home was made comfortable. Surely we 
 were thankful! March, 1829, my husband started for Syracuse, N". 
 Y. After leaving Mr. Miller at Saline, he followed the Indian 
 trail, without a track excepting those made by the prowling wolf, 
 nearly to Monroe, at which place he arrived late in the evening. 
 He pursued his way through the Maumee swamp, Ohio — which 
 contained at that time only one house within 40 miles — making 
 the entire journey on foot. In his absence an Indian crept noise- 
 lessly to the door, opened it wide enough to show his keen eye and 
 feather in his hair, and seeing a nice fire walked in, three urchins 
 following. I bade them begone. He pointed to a corner, where 
 they spent the night. Oh! what should I do? Every limb trembled 
 with fear. Escape was impossible with my children — the oldest 
 not four years, the youngest five months old — and my nearest 
 neighbor being half a mile distant. He called for potatoes and made 
 signs for milk. He was supplied. He appeared friendly, and my 
 fears gradually subsided. I slept quietly, hugging my three nest- 
 lings, and when the day dawned the red man went as he came. 
 
 In the years 1831 and 1832 my husband, with his partner, Capt. 
 Lowery, made three trips to Ohio and Indiana, and bought oxen 
 and cows. While driving back, their mode of spending the night, 
 was to select a thick-topped tree to protect them from dew or rain, 
 then wrap themselves in their blankets and lie down to rest on the 
 ground. When morning came they would collect the drove and 
 continue on. It required some weeks. to accomplish the trip. Well, 
 in progress of time broad fields were cultivated. Our children were 
 educated and provided with new homes. Churches and seminaries 
 with many other public works to be performed in a new country, 
 were accomplished, all of which my husband joined in most heart- 
 ily. His motto was, " Liberty to the fugitive, captive, and oppressed, 
 and sympathy for the poor." His doors were always open to the 
 weary traveler. 
 
 It is now 50 years since Rev. J. Moore bade us good night. 
 Many happy days we have spent together; some of sorrow. Our 
 two daughters died many years ago, leaving husbands, children, 
 parents and brothers to mourn their loss. After enjoying our beau- 
 tiful home for many years in a friendly, intelligent society, and also 
 making many excursions by land and water, God, in his providence, 
 aiflicted me with a stroke of paralysis. Soon after, my husband's 
 health failed. His devotedness to me was without a parallel. Ofttimes 
 during the past year he has remarked he had but one tie to bind 
 him to earth, and that was helpless me. The same tender regard 
 was manifested until the last. Pie took my hand, and said that few 
 had lived so long and happily together as we had; then put his face 
 so affectionately to my cheek! May memory cherish it while life 
 lasts. He died in full assurance of a blessed immortality and eter- 
 nal life beyond. 
 
 b 
 
4.4:6 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 bV SAMUEL PETTIBONE.* 
 
 After listening to the graphic and particular history of the Toledo 
 war, I was sorry that while the pen was in good hands he had not 
 gone further. 
 
 Mr. Goodrich left the valiant army at Toledo. He might have 
 gone on and given the reason of the retreat. 
 
 When the heat of war is over, so that we can look calmly, we can 
 see that the Governor of Ohio took the wisest course. Instead of 
 meeting and charging on our troops, when there would have been 
 blood shed — for we cannot suppose that our troops would run, in 
 the face of any foe — he sent post haste to Old Hickory, who swore 
 by the Great Eternal that the Governor of Michigan should suffer 
 for his audacity. 
 
 The messenger was directed to return with all possible dispatch, 
 call on the Governor of Michigan, who was Stevens T. Mason, 
 wherever he could be found, whether in camp or office, and hand 
 him this dispatch. Mason was the acting Governor by virtue of 
 being Secretary of State under Governor Porter, who had died. 
 
 Governor Mason, as general commander of all the forces of Mich- 
 igan, was on the ground at Toledo, called out the troops — some said 
 for a dress parade — was on his horse, in front, when the messenger 
 arrived and handed him a paper. The Governor sheathed his 
 sword, called his orderly to hold his horse by the bits, whilst he 
 could open and read. 
 
 When he had read tlie dispatch he drew his sword, put his mili- 
 tary hat on the pointof it, and instead of saying "Forward, march!" 
 he proclaimed to the astonished host that he was no longer Gover- 
 nor of Michigan, swinging his hat three times around his head, and 
 threw it to the ground. 
 
 Our army was without a leader, and on foreign soil. 
 
 The writer was not there, but his horse was, and came back ' 
 spoiled, as many others did. It was said by some that they were 
 spoiled on the retreat, in seeing which would get off of tiie disputed 
 territory first. 
 
 So much, I say, Mr. Goodrich might have said, if he had thought 
 of it. 
 
 Some may say, What has the above to do with Washtenaw county? 
 But was it not the pioneers of this county who bore the most of the 
 expense, and did the most of the lighting? And is not the trans- 
 action a link in the chain of events that Washtenaw county has 
 been the most conspicuous in? 
 
 Let us look at a few of the most remarkable events in which the 
 pioneers of Washtenaw county have borne a conspicuous part. 
 General Jackson, then President of the United States, soon sent on 
 a Mr. Horner for our Governor. lie soon started from Detroit to 
 
 *Read at a meeting of the Pioneer Society. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTEXAW COUNTY. 4J:7 
 
 make a tour of the State, to meet bis friends of the interior, see the 
 wants of the people, etc. At the end of the first day's journey he 
 reached Ypsilanti, and put up at Dr. Andrews' tavern, on the west 
 side of the river. He expected to meet such Jackson men as Major 
 John Gilbert, the first sherifiT of the county. Major Benjamin Wood- 
 rufl'. Colonel Owen "Welch, etc. But when he stepped on to the 
 verandah in the mild and balmy evening, to speak to the people, 
 what must have been his astonishment to be met in the way he was! 
 He found an audience waiting the appointed time, and they came 
 prepared. Cow bells, in those days, were plent}', and every cow had 
 been robbed. Old tin pans, log chains, in fact everything that could 
 make a noise, was brought into nse. Such a noise was never heard 
 before, nor will it ever be again. 
 
 The Doctor got the Governor inside the house, and protected him 
 from personal violence, as any well-bred landlord should; but to 
 receive such a welcome from his political friends was too much. 
 Early in the morning he took the back track, and it was said he did 
 not stop until he reached Detroit. He found that his Jackson men 
 were all Mason men; and when he left Detroit again, he went from 
 whence he came — Pennsylvania. 
 
 Some may say, Wiiat has this to do with the pioneers of Washte- 
 naw? Is it not a part of the history of our State and county? And 
 were they not all pioneers then? And what great event has ever 
 happened in the State, that the pioneers of Washtenaw county have 
 not had their hand in ? 
 
 Look at the cholera war in which there was blood shed. (Mr. 
 Goodrich says there was none in the Toledo war.) Our Legislative 
 Council got scared at the approach of the cholera, and passed a law 
 — and it was duly signed by Stevens T. Mason, then acting Gover- 
 nor — that the authorities of each town or village might prohibit 
 emigrants and travelers from entering their villages, and gave 
 authority to call out the militia for that purpose. 
 
 When it became known at Ypsilanti that the cholera was in 
 Detroit, and many were fleeing — some had come to Ypsilanti, and 
 died in a few hours after arriving; — the authorities did, accordino; to 
 the law, call out a company of militia. The company was com- 
 manded by a Yankee from Vermont, bj' the name of Josiah Bur- 
 ton, and he meant to do his duty. The company was stationed at 
 Bowen's tavern, three miles east of Ypsilanti, on the Chicago turn- 
 pike. AYhen the stage owned by Samuel Stackhouse came along 
 from Detroit with the mail and passengers, it was stopped, and a 
 parlej' ensued; but there was no arrangement made, and the driver 
 started to run by. Captain Burton gave the order to fire, when one 
 of the leading horses fell. There was supposed to be one dead horse 
 at least, but when he was examined he showed signs of life, and was 
 helped up, when the driver put whip to his horses, and he was 
 allowed to go without another shot. The ball had gone through 
 the horse's head, between the skin and forehead bone, so he was 
 knocked down, drawing some blood. 
 
448 HI8T0KT OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 
 
 Was not this done by the pioneers of Washtenaw? Where are 
 the actors in that scene now? Captain Burton is supposed to be 
 alive, and if so, is living at a place called Clay Bank, in Oceana 
 county, on the shore of Lake Michigan, north of Muskegon. 
 
 As he is the only one that I know of, I will give a brief history of 
 his life. Born in Manchester, Yermont, he lived there until he 
 came to Ypsilanti, where he lived a few years. He then went to 
 Grand Kapids, located land that is now worth several thousand 
 dollars per acre, on which he could not get rich fast enough, sold 
 out, and built a few saw-mills. When the gold fever raged he went 
 to California. Not succeeding, he started for Australia, and brought 
 up at the Sandwich Islands. He lived several years among the na- 
 tives, was heard of by our minister, Mr. Ten Eyck, was put on board 
 of a ship coming to New York, and on his way called at Ypsilanti. 
 When he arrived at Grand Rapids he found his estate administered 
 upon, divided and spent. 
 
 The cholera brought up another circumstance, that some of the 
 old settlers will remember some part of. 
 
 The writer, at that time, lived east of Bo wen's tavern on the 
 Chicago road, and the news of the fight with the stage occasioned 
 many to wish to avoid the guard and- the village; so I often acted 
 as pilot, to run them past Ypsilanti. A few days after the battle with 
 the stage, along came the Governor, Stevens T. Mason, on his way, 
 he said, to Mottville, on the St. Jo. He wanted to run the guard and 
 shun Ypsilanti. We went across the north part of the plain, crossed 
 Huron at the upper bridge, and came into the Chicago road on top 
 of the hill west of the village. It was four miles to the first tavern 
 west, and only half a mile back into the village, and by going around 
 we had not passed a tavern after leaving Sheldon's. The pressure 
 was too great — he must go back to the village. He was arrested by 
 Eliphalet Turner, who brought him to the sheriff. Dr. Withington, 
 and after a stormy and short discussion, the Governor was allowed to 
 depart, and he instantly started for Mottville. The first official act 
 the Governor was known to do, was to take away the Doctor's com- 
 mission as sheriff, and he appointed in his stead William Anderson, 
 of Ann Arbor. 
 
 I now think of only one great political movement but what the 
 pioneers of Washtenaw county started, and many of them carried 
 out in this county. Look at the convention that was gotten up in 
 this county, that voted to give up Toledo for the sake of becom- 
 ing a State. A most liberal election was had, when men, women 
 and children were invited to vote, and negroes did vote. 
 
 Look, again, at the mass meeting in this county that started the 
 great Whig party. Were they not the farmers and pioneers of 
 Washtenaw? 
 
 I would venture a small wager, that the most prominent men of 
 the county, the most wealth}', and as much respected for being good 
 citizens, as any others, were a larger portion of them runaways from 
 York State than in any other county. 
 
HI8T0BT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 449 
 
 I see different ones are giving short sketches of their arrival and 
 privations in Michigan. I can say that when I arrived in Detroit, 
 in 1830, I was without a penny, but by doing a few jobs of survey- 
 ing I obtained a few dollai's. I returned to Onondaga county, and 
 on the 12th of February, 1S31, started again to come to Michigan, 
 with only one dollar in my pocket. At Canandaigua I borrowed 
 five dollars of an old acquaintance, and came through Canada, ar- 
 rived in Detroit the 1st day of March, penniless, and in the same 
 condition started for Ypsilanti, and slept that night on Conrad Ten 
 Eyck's bar-room floor. The next day, arrived at Ypsilanti. My 
 boots were worn through so that the water inside came as high as it 
 did on the outside. On the Chicago road 1 waded for 40 rods to- 
 gether, with the water a foot deep, or more. 
 
 In April I started for White Pigeon land-oflSce. At Tecumseh was 
 overtaken by a severe snow-storm, on the 12th, which made good 
 sleighing for several days. Was persuaded by General Brown not 
 to go any further, as travelers from the West said the snow was 
 18 inches deep. In July was attacked with the ague, came back 
 to Ypsilanti. and went into the town of Superior, to my cousin's,- 
 where I had a long run of fever. In October I met my family in 
 Detroit, and took them to Superior. W^ent to Detroit and located 
 in company with Charles Ball, an 80-acre lot, seven miles east of 
 Ypsilanti — the last lot unsold between Ypsilanti and Detroit. Took 
 my family of wife and three children into the neighborhood, put up 
 the body of a log house, got trusted for 1,000 feet of green white- 
 wood lumber, at Pine's mill, laid down a floor and chamber floor, 
 and partitioned 12 feet from the back end — the snow a foot deep, 
 and very cold — and moved in between Christmas and TSew Year, 
 without any roof, door, or windows, no chinking, and no chimney 
 but a space in the chamber floor for the smoke to go up. Shook 
 two hours, three days in the week, with the ague, and did not get 
 on a shake roof until into February. The Black Hawk war and 
 cholera drove me to Ypsilanti, where I' stayed several years. 
 
 In the Black Hawk war there were a hundred or more Indians, 
 mostly on horses, passed along the Chicago road, on their way to 
 Detroit. After getting whisky at Y'psilanti, they were in a good 
 condition to scare the women. My wife gave them all she had in 
 the house to eat, when they went to the next honse. They were 
 partially drunk, and very saucy. The fright she never recovered 
 from. 
 
 BY MRS. ALVIN CROSS. 
 
 I was born in the year 1805, in the town of Colerain, near 
 Boston. My maiden name was Elona Rogers. My father's name 
 was Thomas Rogers. When I was about four years of age my 
 parents removed to New York. They settled in Steuben Co., in 
 the town of Cohocton, from which place they removed to Blooming- 
 ville, Ohio, in 1816. Here my parents both died, leaving five 
 
450 HIS'IOiiT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 children. liaving no one to care for the family we were soon 
 scattered, and I found a home with the family of Mr. Oronte Grant. 
 
 Mr. Grant owned a large prairie farm, not far from Sandusky, 
 which was well cultivated and valuable. Unfortunately the title 
 was not good, and after paying for the laud, improving, stocking it, 
 etc., he was obliged to give it up. Three years were allowed him 
 in which to provide a new home, and he determined that it should 
 be situated where no previous title would disturb him — in the 
 wilds of Michigan. 
 
 At the time of which I write there resided on a part ot Mr. 
 Grant's farm a Mr. Benjamin Woodruff, pettifogger and school- 
 teacher, whose wife had just fallen heir to several hundred dollars 
 from her grandfather's estate. They wished to invest this in a 
 home where land was cheap, and he decided to accompany Mr. 
 Grant. 
 
 A wagon was loaded with ^^rovisions, and driving Mr. Grant's 
 large stock of cattle they started for Monroe. The company con- 
 sisted of four men, Messrs. Woodruff and Grant, William Eiclor — 
 Mrs. Woodruff's brother — and Hiram Tuttle, a neighbor, who 
 also had cattle to drive. 
 
 At Monroe they sold the cattle, reserving only such as would be 
 needed on the farms which they intended to purchase. Here also 
 they were joined by four men, Mr. Stiles, Mr. Willard Hall, Mr. 
 George Hall and Captain Fair, who were fishing at Monroe. These 
 men were former acquaintances of Woodruff and Grant, and were 
 familiar with the new country along the course of the Huron river, 
 having been up as far as a place called Godfrey's trading post, now 
 City of Ypsilanti. 
 
 From their representations it was thought best to view that part 
 of the Territory, and thither the company proceeded, leaving Mr. 
 Eiclor in charge of the cattle and provisions. After selecting and 
 locating their farms it was necessary to return to Monroe for the 
 oxen, provisions, etc., leaving Mr. Stiles and his party to subsist by 
 hunting and fishing until their return, they being the only white 
 inhabitants of the region. 
 
 On the first of June, 1823, they were ready to commence the 
 building of Mr. Woodruff's house. The unbroken forest lay before 
 them, and with the sound of their axes began the new settlement, 
 afterward called Woodruff's Grove. 
 
 When the work was well commenced, Woodruff and Grant went 
 back to Ohio, leaving the building to be finished by the others of 
 the party, under the supervision of Mr. Tuttle. Mr. Woodruff in- 
 tended to return with his family — which consisted of wife, six 
 children and hired woman, Mrs. Snow — before the fourth of the 
 next month, that they might celebrate the great national holiday in 
 their new home. They failed to accomplish this, not arriving 
 until the sixth, and the festivities were postponed until the follow- 
 ing year. 
 
HI8T0BY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 451 
 
 Detroit was their only postoftice, and wishing a more definite 
 address for letters, Mr. AVoodriiff visited the city, and after consult- 
 ing the Governor, gave the settlement the name of Woodruif' s 
 Grove. 
 
 He then purchased a boat, whicli was tlieir only means of pro- 
 curing supplies of provisions, lumber, etc., until fall, when a road 
 was cut through to Detroit. 
 
 Early in the following spring of 1824 Mr. Grant made prepara- 
 tions to return with his family, which consisted of Mrs. Grant, a 
 young girl named Jane Johnson, and myself. Mr. Tuttle's wife 
 and child were also of our company. We shipped at a small place 
 called Venice, in the vessel Cofftello, and took with us provisions 
 enough, as Mr. Grant supposed, to last until crops could be raised. 
 
 There were four bushels of flour, one barrel of meal, oneofslielled 
 corn, one of honey, two barrels of potatoes, one barrel of wheat, one 
 cask of pork, one barrel of oats, and a large box of beans and garden 
 seeds. We also had a half barrel in which were carefully packed, 
 in moist earth and moss, small apple-trees, currant bushes, rose 
 bushes, lilac, snowball and other shrubs. There was also a large 
 boxof carpenter's tools and such bedding and furniture as was con- 
 sidered most necessary. 
 
 We were three days in reaching Detroit; there we were obliged 
 to wait three days for the boat to come up from the Grove after us. 
 We were six days in reaching the Grove, stopping the first night 
 at Willard's tavern. The second day we reached the mouth of the 
 Huron, and stopped at a French house. The third night we were 
 kindly entertained at the house of a half-breed, named Parks. The 
 next day we reached King's settlement; this was Saturday, and 
 here we spent the Sabbath, the men who poled the boat being glad 
 to rest. 
 
 Monday night we camped in the woods; and Tuesday about 
 noon reached our destination, on the flats, about half a mile down 
 the river from the Grove, where Mr. Tuttle had prepared a home 
 for his family. When we were ready to land, the men began to 
 exchange smiling glances; and Mrs. Tuttle and Mrs. Grant realiz- 
 ing all at once that this wilderness must now be to them home, 
 began to cry. Jane and I were too young and light-hearted to 
 sympathize with such feelings, and gaily started to see the house, 
 but soon returned, not being able to find anything but a small 
 building, which we supposed to be a sheep-pen. Our ignorance 
 was quite excusable, for the low, rough log pen, without floor or 
 windows, did not resemble a human habitation. It taxed our inge- 
 nuity to prepare dinner on a fire of blazing logs built at one end of 
 the room. There was no fire-place and no chimney, a hole in the 
 roof allowing the smoke to escape. Mrs. Woodruff came down 
 before night to welcome the new arrivals, and I returned with 
 her. That night I first heard the howling of wolves, and was una- 
 ble to sleep. Next morning, as I stood in tlie door of Mr. Wood- 
 ruff's house and looked around, I felt homesick. 
 
452 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COCTNTY. 
 
 During the previous fall, several families had been added to the 
 settlement. Daniel Cross, John Bryan, Mr. Noyce and Mr. Brain- 
 ard. There were now in sight eight small log huts, built in the 
 same manner as Mr. Tuttle's, except that those of Messrs. Bryan, 
 Cross and Woodruff had rough floors and stick chimneys. Mr. 
 Grant's house was the one occupied by Mr. Stiles, and as soon 
 as Stiles could move on to his farm, Mr. Grant came to the Grove 
 to live. 
 
 George Hall and his brother, and a Mr. Beverly, had built on 
 the west side of the river, near the place now occupied by the paper 
 mill. 
 
 Work now began in earnest. Roads were cut in different direc- 
 tions, a landing made for boats where Eawsonville now is, land 
 cleared, etc. In May, Mr. Jason Cross and his brother-in-law, 
 Avery, came in. They both had families of grown up children, 
 who were quite an addition to the working force of the place. Mr. 
 Grant owned the farm now belonging to Mr. E. King, and there 
 are still standing there some of the apple-trees we brought from 
 Ohio. Daniel Cross owned the farm which now belongs to Benja- 
 min Emerick. Mr. Tuttle's place is occupied by his son John 
 Tuttle; on these farms land was broken and corn planted. A young 
 man named McCord, who lived with Mr. Tuttle, also planted corn 
 on the farm now belonging to Mrs. Crittenden. 
 
 On the Tuttle and Grant farms were old Indian corn-fields, 
 which were easily put under cultivation. Mr. Woodruff did not 
 work on his farm, but rented it, and gave up his time to helping 
 people who were coming in. 
 
 The Indians passed through the place in June, the company 
 numbering between 300 and 400, all marching in single file. They 
 were peaceable and inoffensive, and continued so, until they were 
 furnished with whisky by the white people. 
 
 Deer were plenty, and bears, wolves and wild-cats abounded. 
 Venison was the most common article on our bill of fare. 
 
 A few logs, together with bark scattered around, which had the 
 appearance of having been used for a roof, was all that remained of 
 Godfrey's trading post, in the spring of 1824. Near by this, on 
 the bank of the river, was a fine spring, and here a Mr. Stewart 
 built the first house. On the west side of the river, in Tpsilanti, 
 others soon joined him, and quite a settlement sprang np during 
 the summer. 
 
 Mr. Woodruff" sent out an invitation to every one in the county, 
 to celebrate the Fourth of July at the Grove. He brought up from 
 Detroit such articles for the dinner as were considered necessary, 
 and could not be found in the settlement. Among these were loaf- 
 sugar, cheese, raisins, rice, and last, but not least, a half barrel of 
 whisky. 
 
 Mrs. Woodruff's oven was the only one in the place. It was 
 built out of doors, of stone, plastered with mud. Here the baking 
 was done. All joined in the work of preparation. A beef was 
 
HISTOUT OF WASHTENAW OODNTT. 453 
 
 killed, and wlien the meat was ready to roast, lo ! the oven and 
 every hake kettle were already full. Logs were rolled together and 
 a fire quickly made out of doors. Two large kettles were turned 
 on the side before this tiro, and on sticks laid in these the meat was 
 roasted to perfection. The company gathered in Mr. Woodruff's 
 yard where a log had been set up to resemble a cannon; on this the 
 i)oys fired their rifles and ushered in the day with wonderful salutes. 
 From a stump near by, Mr. Woodruff read the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendt'iu'o and made a sfieech. Then all who could sing joined in 
 singing "Hail Columbia," and we were ready for dinner. Our 
 table was made of rough boards, covered with the whitest and 
 smoothest of home-made linen. We were all proud of our success 
 in preparing the dinner, and it certainly was very inviting. There 
 were roast beef and chickens; new potatoes, green peas and beets; 
 warm biscuits with bntter and honey; cheese; rice puddings and 
 loaf cake, both well filled with raisins. The following are the 
 names of those who partook of the dinner, as nearly as I can 
 rcnieinber: Mr. Woodruff and family; Mr. Grant and family; Mr. 
 Iliram Tuttle and family; Mr. John Bryan and family; Judge 
 Fleming; Arden ir. Ealhird; Thomas Sackrider; Mr. Stiles; Mr. 
 David McCorel; Sanders Beverly; Mr. Leonard Miller; Captain 
 Phair; Mr. Stoddard; Orange Crane; Mr. Mayhey; Mr. Ecklor, 
 and Mr Ilarwood. 
 
 The dinner passed ofi' well, and Delia Woodruff and I had the 
 hot sling ready for toasts. This was new work for us and we for- 
 got our instructions and put in a double portion of whisky. The 
 efl'ect of tliis mistake w-as soon apparent on the toast drinkers, in 
 increased liveliness and good humor. Kverything passed off 
 pleasantly, and in the afternoon we were joined by Mr. Mallett and 
 liis sister, from Brownstown. Mr. M. was the fiddler, and we had 
 a lively dance in the evening, being joined by others who had not 
 been present at the dinner, llarmoiiy and good fellowship reigned 
 throughout the day, and it was a time long to bo remembered by 
 those present. 
 
 Death visited the settlement that summer for the first time, and 
 cast a gloom over every heart. A young Irishman named (^akman, 
 who had come to the place with John Phillips, was taken sick and 
 lived but a short time. Chills and fever now commenced and some 
 families were not able to do anything for themselves. Mrs. Wood- 
 ruff made a large kettle of porridge ever}' day and sent me with it 
 to those who were sick. The supplies brought with us were 
 divided with those wdiom sicknoss had made destitute, and were 
 soon exhausted. Money was scarce, and we now began to see hard 
 fare. The corn yieldeii well, but there was no way to grind it. 
 Hulled corn was our staple for a long time. Those who l>ad been 
 able to work had made gardens and raised plent}' of turnips and 
 some beans and potatoes. In the winter, mortars were made by 
 burning a hollow in the top of stumps, where the corn was placed 
 and pounded with a pestle fastened to a pole which worked like a 
 
454 HISTORY OF WASHTKNAW CODNTY. 
 
 well sweep. The iine and coarse parts of the pounded corn were- 
 carefully separated, tlie fine used for bread, the coarse for samp. 
 Mr. Cross and Mr. Grant had each sowed a piece of wheat, and 
 after harvest we had pounded wheat, wliich was quite a wel- 
 come change. The cold weather abated the sickness, and we 
 beguiled the long winter evenings by meeting together at the dif- 
 ferent houses to dance, sing and play. This was enjoyed by old 
 and young, and was an excellent preventive of homesickness, a 
 disease we carefully guarded against. Work again progressed, 
 fields were cleared and fenced, door yards enclosed, and by spring 
 Mr. Rawson had a saw-mill running at the landing (now Rawson- 
 ville). The surrounding country was rapidly settled; wild animals 
 were not so numerous. In the fall of 1825 I returned to Ohio, and 
 was absent from Michigan about two years. 
 
 It might be mentioned that from the time of our coming to 
 Michigan we had no religious meetings of any kind. It was Mrs. 
 Grant's custom to gather in all the younger peoj^le of the place on 
 the Sabbath and read to them ont of the Bible, and teach them to 
 sing and spell. 
 
 An incident occurred at Mr. Woodruff's that served as a stand- 
 ing joke. Mr. Ballard and Judge Fleming were about retiring for 
 the night, when they heard a terrible noise, and supposed that 
 some wild animal was about to spring upon them through the win- 
 dow. They quickly dressed, and pale and trembling hastened to 
 Mr. Woodruff's room, only to learn that they had been frightened 
 by a screech owl. 
 
 After Mr. Grant went on to his farm he made maple sugar, and 
 a party of us, all girls, in sugaring off, set fire to the woods. Hails 
 were burned and much damage done. It was always spoken of as 
 the Indian fire. We kept our own counsel and no one knew that 
 we caused it. 
 
 I returned from Ohio again to Michigan in 1827, was married to 
 Alvin Cross in the autumn of 1828, and moved on the farm where I 
 now reside, on section 14, township of Ypsilauti, in 1829. Mr. 
 Cross died the 18th of February, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Woodruff' 
 died in Ypsilanti over 40 years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Tuttle lived 
 upon the farm that he purchased in 1823, on section 23, until their 
 
 deaths. Mr. Tuttle died , and Mrs. Tuttle died six or 
 
 seven years ago. Mr. Grant, after living on his farm purchased in 
 1823, on section 15, Ypsilanti, some eight years, sold it to Edward 
 Phelps and removed to Indiana, and soon after Mr. and Mrs. Grant 
 both died. The first burial service at the Grove was that of Mr. 
 Oakman; there was no one present to offer a prayer; Mrs. Grant 
 read a chapter in the Bible, and after singing a hymn he was 
 buried. Kev. John Baughman preached the first sermon at the 
 Grove at the house of Mr. Brooks, in the year of 1825. The first 
 grist-mill built in the county was by Major Woodruff, about half a 
 mile down the Huron river from the Grove. It was built of hewn 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COirNTT. 
 
 457 
 
 logs; the building was some 20x30 feet square, and he commenced 
 running the mill in the fall of 1825, and it was a day of rejoicing 
 among the settlers, having had a hard time previous to this to pre- 
 pare their corn fit for use. The year of 1825 could truly be 
 called hard times, as there was no store near them, and if there had 
 been, the inhabitants of the Grove and vicinity had nothing to buy 
 with, and consequently had to go without many of the necessaries of 
 life, to say nothing of the luxuries that the present generation now 
 enjoy. 
 
 20 
 
CHAPTEK XVI. 
 
 AUTHORS AND ARTISTS. 
 
 in the world of letters and in the world of art, Washtenaw 
 county presents the names of some who have attained more than a 
 national reputation. In the world of letters the names of Watson, 
 Cooley, Angell, Cocker, Williams, Palmer, Franklin, Frothingham, 
 and Winchell are known wherever the English language is read. 
 Iiandolph Rogers is famous as a sculptor the world over. There 
 axe many others, known, perhaps, to but a few, whose contributions 
 deserve a place in the literature of the country, who, from innate 
 modesty, will probably never be known. In this connection it i.s 
 proposed to present the names, accompanied by short sketches, and 
 now and then selections from their works, of some who are well 
 known in the community in which they reside and who have some 
 reputation abroad. There are doubtless many others equally mer- 
 itorious with those mentioned. They are only omitted from the 
 fact that the attention of the historian has not been called to them. 
 
 PEOF. JAMES C. WATSON. 
 
 Prof. Watson, a biographical sketch of whom is given under the 
 head of " Some of Washtenaw County's Illustrious Dead," was the 
 author of a number of scientific works, among which were a " Pop- 
 ular Treatise on Comets," published in Philadelphia in 1860, 
 '• Theoretical Astronomy," published in Philadelphia and London 
 in 1868, and which has since been the standard work on the subject. 
 It was this work which won for him the degree of Ph. D., which 
 was conferred upon him by Leipsic University. He was also the 
 author of a " Eeport on Horological Instruments," and of " Tables 
 for the Calculation of Simple and Compound Interest and Dis- 
 count," the latter having been published in Ann Arbor. He was 
 also a frequent contributor to astronomical, educational, and scien- 
 tific journals. Among others, to Gould's Astronomical Journal, 
 Brunnow's Astronomical Notices, American Journal of Science 
 and Arts, Eeports of the United States Coast Survey, The Michi- 
 gan Journal of Education, The Horological Journal, Monthly 
 Notices of the Eoyal Astronomical Society (London), Astronomis- 
 che ISIachrichten, Germany; Comptes Rendus de I'Academie des 
 Sciences, Paris Bulletin, International de I'Association, Scientitique 
 de France, Memorie della Societa degli, Spettros co pisti Italiani, 
 (Palermo). 
 
 (458) 
 
HIbTOET OF WASHTENAW COITNTT. 459 
 
 ALEXANDER WINGHELL, LL. D.. 
 
 One of the most widely known authors, and one whose works 
 have been more extensively read than any other citizen of Washte- 
 naw county, is Prof. Alexander Winchell, of the Michigan Univer- 
 sity. For a period of 31 years he has constant!}' been giving to 
 the public the results of his studies and observations, the catalogue 
 now reaching 139 published volumes and pamphlets. Prof 
 Winchell has devoted his life to scientific pursuits, and his writings 
 show the thorough scholar, the great thinker, and the independent 
 reasoner. His thoughts are clothed in language pleasing to the 
 ear, but strongly written. One of Prof. Winchell's best known 
 works, at least among general readers, is that entitled " Recon- 
 ciliation of Science and Eeligion," published by Harper & Bros., 
 in 1877. Of this work the New York Tribune says: "Without, 
 dwelling on other points discussed in this suggestive volume, we 
 may venture to thank the author for an original and fruitful con- 
 tribution to the questions which now engage the attention of so 
 many of the profoundest thinkers of the day. This work is of a 
 critical character, commenting freely on opinions and systems which 
 have found a place in the history of philosophy; but it also presents 
 the mature points of independent research and reflection. It 
 betrays an intimate acquaintance with the development of thought 
 in the best ages of scientific culture; but its principles are not the 
 result of sympathy and adoption. The author acknowledges no 
 man as his master; he admits no conclusions which he has not 
 made his own by processes of thought an d study similar to those 
 in which they had their origin. The materials which he has 
 obtained by scholarly labors, have been thoroughly fused in his 
 own mind, and are reproduced in forms which bear its image and 
 superscription. He is evidently embarrassed by the fertility of his 
 conceptions. * * * The rare intellectual fairness which marks 
 the volume, is a feature of no less interest than the philosophical 
 ability with which its discussions are conducted." The Northern 
 Christian Advocate says of the same work: " We do not remember 
 ever to have read a work which more impressed us. It is a book 
 for the believer and the doubter, for the student and the theologian. 
 It is both comforting and disquieting. It solves some difficult 
 problems, and irf this time of perplexity and mental conflict every 
 helpful utterance should be heeded. It is not a belligerent work, 
 bnt a thoughtful and explanatory one. It is a reconciler. As a 
 matter of style it is gracefully but strongly written. Exhibiting a 
 wide acquaintance with ancient and modern forms of thought, it is 
 never dry or obscure. The book is full of thousrht; it is a noble 
 contribution to American literature." 
 
 On the 37th of April, 1880, the first edition was given to the 
 public of a new work entitled " Pre-adamites, or the Demonstra- 
 tion of the Existence of Men before Adam; together with a study 
 of their condition, antiquity, vacial affinities and progressive dis- 
 
4:60 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW CKJUNTY. 
 
 persions over the earth." This work is an octavo of 500 pages, 
 and published by S. C. Griggs & Co., Chicago. As a literary pro- 
 duction, this work was received with universal favor. As to the 
 positions assumed, it is noteworthy that most of the religious 
 journals either occupied a non-committal attitude, saying time was 
 required for due consideration, or they dogmatically condemned tlie 
 doctrines of the book. The leading religious journals of the North 
 treated the discussion with most intelligence, and therefore with 
 most tolerance. Some of the religious papers denounced the work, 
 and sometimes the author, without the slightest attention to the 
 tenability of the positions assumed. On the contrai'y, the secular 
 and scientific journals have reviewed the work in a very favorable 
 manner. The New York Evening Post says of this work: " There 
 has been no work recently published upon the subject which can 
 compare with this in importance. Prof. Winchell's reputation for 
 learning and sincerity, his repute as a student of physical science, 
 and his special attitude toward what is called the conflict between 
 science and religion, render anything which he writes upon such a 
 theme important." The leading papers of the country all review 
 the work. 
 
 Among other works written by Prof. Winchell are " Voices from 
 Nature," " On the Origin of the Prairies of the Valley of the Mis- 
 sissippi," "A Plea for Science," "Sketches of Creation," "Grand 
 Conclusions of the Sciences in Reference to the History of Mat- 
 ter and Life," " Eeligion and Science," " The Geology of the Stars," 
 "The Genealogy of Ships," "The Battle-Fields of Faith," and 
 "The Heligious Nature of Savages." 
 
 A biographical sketch of Prof. Winchell appears elsewhere in 
 this work. 
 
 RANDOLPH ROGERS. 
 
 Randolph Rogers, "America's famous sculptor," was born in 
 the village of Waterloo, Seneca Co., New York, on the 12th day of 
 July, 1822. When but a small lad, Mr. Rogers' parents moved to 
 Lyons, Wayne Co., in his native State, and six years later, in 1829. to 
 Ann Arbor, Mich. Being the youngest of a family of eight chil- 
 dren, Mr. Rogers had not as many educational advantages as the 
 older members of the family, and wishing to make himself useful, 
 in 1835 he entered the bakery of D. W. & C. Bliss, in the city ot 
 Ann Arbor, where he worked as an apprentice for three or four 
 years. While in this business, the wonderful genius which after- 
 ward made him so famous began to be shown in the rude works of 
 art made in the leisure hours he had at his command. When he 
 was not busy he often would take a piece of dough and fashion it 
 in such a form and shape as to correctly represent some of God's 
 finest handiwork. Also at leisure hours he directed his attention 
 to drawing and sketching, and became quite proficient in that line 
 of art. After serving his time as an apprentice in the bakery, he 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 461 
 
 turned his thoughts to the dry-goods trade and obtained a position 
 with Gen. J. D. Hill, then one of the most prominent merchants of 
 Ann Arbor. After remaining with his new employer for some 
 time he concluded to visit New York "city, and, if possible, find 
 some work there which would keep him comfortably, and yet give 
 him plenty of spare time to pursue his long-cherished ambition of 
 making himself famous in the pursuit of art. He secured a situa- 
 tion in the silk house of John Stuart, Jr., in the year 18-t8, 
 when but 26 years of age. 
 
 While engaged in this branch of business, Mr. Rogers conceived 
 the idea of putting his genius into active account, and concluded to 
 make a marble bust of some prominent person. He selected a sub- 
 ject, and by hard work, toiling many an hour after his day's labor 
 was finished, and sometimes far into the night, he finished his pro- 
 duction. It was a full and perfect marble bust of the famous Lord 
 Byron. His employer happened to see this piece of work, when 
 the author was out. Upon his return, Mr. Stuart asked him who 
 had produced the wonderful imitation of the famous poet. Mr- 
 Eogers humbly replied, that he was the author. Mr. Stuart's sur. 
 prise at this declaration was unbounded, but when he found expres- 
 sion, he asked Randolph if he desired to proceed to Europe and put 
 himself under the tuition of some of the master artists. Mr. Rogers 
 replied that he would be most happy to do so, but his present 
 financial resources would not admit of such an extended drain as 
 this would naturally subject them to. Mr. Stuart then told him 
 that if he wished to go, he would advance him such funds as would 
 be required, and when he got so proficient with his mallet and 
 chisel as to make his calling remunerative he could pay back the 
 loan. Mr. Rogers was very grateful for this kind offer, after 
 reflecting, concluded to accept it. 
 
 He left New York in 1848, after being there less than one year, 
 and sailed for Florence, Italy, where he arrived in safety, and im- 
 mediately placed himself under one of the leading sculptors of that 
 renowned cit}i. He studied hard and patiently for some time, but 
 thinking he could improve his genius and obtain better advantages 
 and facilities for his work by being alone, he opened an humble 
 studio for himself, and here toiled earnestly, early and late, to per- 
 fect the art which in the near future should bring him rich returns. 
 
 After laboring in Florence for nearly six years, he returned to 
 his native land. His residence abroad had enabled him to accom- 
 plish much, and the future seemed full of rare promise. He had been 
 successful, in a financial point of view, in the old country, and was 
 able to repay his generous benefactor, and to have about $6,000 left. 
 He was now recognized, both at home and abroad, as an artist of 
 no small ability; even his brother artists in the old world fully 
 acknowledged his genius in the art. 
 
 After remaining but a short time in his native land, he returned 
 to Italy, this time to the center of art, the Imperial city, Rome, 
 where he has since resided, with the exception of a few short inter- 
 
462 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 vals of absence in this country. He has crossed and recrossed the 
 ocean a dozen or more times. He prefers sunny Italy even to his 
 own native land. He loves its history, its romance, but above all, 
 he loves it because it is the home of art. 
 
 Among Mr. Rogers' works may be mentioned the following: 
 A statue of John Adams, in Mount Auburn cemetery, Boston; a col- 
 lossal bronze statue of Lincoln, unveiled in Philadelphia in 1871; 
 a statue for the Colt family monument in Hartford, Conn., called 
 the "Angel of the Resurrection," [and an allegorical figure of 
 the "Lost Pleiad," made expressly for a resident of San Francisco. 
 He has produced a magnificent work in the statue of " Nydia," a 
 character taken from Bulwer's "Last Days of Pompeii," of which 
 he has made several duplicates. Other creations are the ideal statues 
 of " Ruth " and "Isaac." The original production of "Nydia" 
 and " Ruth " are in the art museum of Michigan University. For 
 several years he was occupied in completing the designs for the 
 Washington monument at Richmond, Virginia, begun by the cele- 
 brated artist, Crawford. Since the rebellion he has designed and 
 executed memorial monuments for Rhode Island and Micliigan, 
 besides several other prominent States. The one in Providence, 
 unveiled in 1871, is some 50 feet in height, and is crowned with a 
 statue of " America." This latter is 10 feet high. On the angles 
 of the pedestal are statues seven feet high representing the four 
 branches of the service. The monument in Detroit, erected on the 
 Campus Martins, is similar in design to the former, though larger 
 and much more elaborate. It is surmounted by a statue of " Michi- 
 gan." 
 
 Perhaps an achievement giving Mr. Rogers as much genuine 
 publicity as anything from his hand, is the bronze door for the 
 eastern entrance to the rotunda of the national capitol. This work 
 wac designed and modeled in Rome during the year 1858, and cast 
 at the Royal Foundry at Munich. It was finished in 1861. Its en- 
 tire weight is 20,000 pounds, and cost over $30,000. This work — a 
 master-piece in every sense — is 17 feet high and nine feet wide, and 
 is divided into eight panels, each representing in alto-relievo some 
 scene in the career of Columbus. Between the panels, and on the 
 sides, are 16 statuettes representing the eminent contemporaries of 
 the great discoverer. It is a work which has called forth the ad- 
 miration of the world. The frieze on the Lincoln monument at 
 Springfield, Ills., was also executed by this master artist. A bust 
 of his daughter — a production of his art — was on exhibition at 
 Paris during the Exposition. 
 
 A few years since, Mr. Rogers received the appointment of pro- 
 fessor of St. Luke's Academy of Fine Arts, in Rome. In all his 
 work there is an impersonation of dignity and grace. ]S"otliing is 
 left incomplete, but everything to the minutest detail shows the 
 touch of a real master. 
 
 In personal appearance, Mr. Rogers is about five feet ten inches 
 high, and weighs nearly 200 pounds. His forehead is broad 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 463 
 
 and massive, aad shows the wealth of intellect and genius. 
 His former employers of Ann Arbor, and particularly Dr. Calvin 
 Bliss, one of the proprietors of the bakery wherein he worked, say 
 he was the very soul of honor and integrity in everything, but lit- 
 tle did they think at that time to be giving employment to a boy, 
 who in future years would astonish the world with his natural 
 genius. 
 
 MISS KATIE J. ROGERS. 
 
 Miss Katie J. Rogers, an artist of more than ordinary ability, 
 was born in Ann Arbor, and was educated in the public schools 
 of that city, graduating at the high school in 1869. At 
 quite an early age she exhibited a talent for painting, which was 
 encouraged by her parents. Desiring to become proficient in the 
 art she resolved to attend some good school of design, and made 
 choice of the Chicago Academy of Design, and placed herself under 
 the tuition of Prof. Gookins, a graduate of the Munich School of 
 Art, and one of the most skillful artists in his line, that of portrait- 
 painting. Miss Rogers remained in this institution for some time, 
 and in 1876 graduated the first of a class of 16. The last produc- 
 tion of her art in that place was a full-sized portrait of a Venetain 
 page of the fourteenth century. This picture was executed by 
 Miss Rogers with great rapidity and while the other members of 
 her class were making only a half-length portrait. Prof. Gookins 
 was so well pleased with his pupil's work, that he insisted she 
 should let it be placed on exhibition at the Centennial. Miss Rogers, 
 being of a retired and modest disposition, kindly refused, and the 
 portrait which, undoubtedly, would have attracted attention even 
 among the many fine works that adorned the wails in the Art Hall, 
 is now hanging in the studio of Miss Rogers in Ann Arbor. 
 
 After graduation. Miss Rogers returned to her home in Ann Ar- 
 bor and opened a studio, since which time she has painted many 
 portraits and landscapes which show the touch of a true artist. She 
 has made a specialty of portrait-painting, and excels in this line of 
 art. Every portrait from her easel has been life-like and striking. 
 Whether painting the soft dimple upon the ckeek of the innocent 
 babe, or the harder lines of the aged pioneer, there seems to be a 
 reality about the work which makes one feel tiiat he is in a living 
 presence. 
 
 Among the portraits executed by Miss Rogers may be mentioned 
 the following: Randolph Rogers, the famous sculptor, and an uncle 
 of the artist, a very finely execnted work, and considered the 
 most natural of any ever painted; one of Moses Rogers, the father 
 of the artist, and a very striking likeness; one of Mr. Sweetland, 
 Lodi township; one of Judge Kingsley, very nicely executed; one 
 of Squire Leland, of Ann Arbor; a full-sized portrait of Eddie 
 Lawrence, son of Judge Lawrence, of Ann Arbor; a portrait of 
 Mrs. J. M. Bailey, wife of the editor of the Ann Arbor Argus. 
 
464 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Miss Kogers has also finished a portrait of Prof. DuPont's child, 
 and two or three fine pieces for ex-Gov. Alpheus Felch, both ot 
 Michigan University . One of Miss Rogers' most admired pict- 
 ures is that of a small babe of some two months, lying on a snowy 
 pillow of down. In looking at this faithful representation of the 
 crowning glory of the Heavenly Father, and noticing the little 
 dimples, which almost seem to come and go, with the little hands 
 raised as if in supplication to the Father of mercies, one can read- 
 ily fancy the soft cooing of its melodious voice as heard. Miss 
 Rogers, indeed, shows wonderful genius in this painting. In fact, 
 the whole soul of the artist is in all her work, and whatever she 
 does is well done. 
 
 EZRA D. SEAMAN. 
 
 A full biographical sketch of Mr. Seaman will be found in another 
 part of this work. In this connection his literary work only is 
 spoken of Mr. Seaman's first work was entitled " Essays on the 
 Progress of Nations," and passed through several editions. In 1870 
 appeared "The American System of Government." The author, in 
 his preface, states that he had been a close observer of the workings 
 of our system of Government fur 40 years, and in the work gave 
 the results of his observations. The New York Observer says of 
 this work: " The scope of the work is well indicated by its title. 
 It presents a mass of information, valuable in itself, and such as 
 should be possessed by every American citizen. The author's views 
 are generally sound and well considered. The book is comprehen- 
 sive in its plan, and indicates careful and honest reflection." The 
 New York ^t)em«.p' jPci«# says : "Mr. Seaman writes vigorously, 
 and has decided opinions — one of these being that an elective judi- 
 ciary is a mistake, and another that women are much better out of 
 politics. His ability has been established by former essays, wliich 
 have been highly and widely praised, and the present volume is 
 likely to attract a large share of attention." Of Mr. Seaman's first 
 work the New York Trihune &&ys: "The work will be readily 
 understood by any one, and no one can read it without acquiring 
 broader and juster views of National policy, and a wise public econ- 
 omy." The third work of Mr. Seaman, to which reference is here 
 made, is " Yiews of Nature, and of the Elements, Forces and Phe- 
 nomena of Nature, and of Mind." This work appeared in 1873, 
 from the press of Scribner, Armstrong & Co. Like his other works, 
 this is written in a vigorous style which at once arrests the atten- 
 tion of the reader, and convinces him that the author thoroughly 
 believes in the views presented. 
 
 THOMAS M. COOLEY, LL. D. 
 
 Thomas M. Oooley, Professor in the Law Department of Michi- 
 gan University, is well known as an author of legal works. In 1868, 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW OOCNTY. 465 
 
 lie published his "Treatise on Constitutional Limitations," his first 
 work. His catalogue now consists, in addition to the work men- 
 tioned, "Treatise on the Law of Taxation," "Treatise on the Law 
 of Torts," an edition of "Blackstone's Commentary," of "Strong 
 on the Constitution," and of " Harrington's Chancery Eeports." 
 Judge was the editor of the law articles in the revised edition of the 
 "American Encyclopedia," and has also largely written for reviews 
 and magazines. 
 
 B. F. COCKEE, D. D., LL. D. 
 
 An author of note, one whose works have been read by the most 
 intelligent men in the land, is B. F. Cocker, Professor of Mental and 
 Moral Philosophy in Michigan University. "Christianity and 
 Greek Philosophy " was given to the public in 18Y0, and well 
 received by critics and readers. In his preface. Dr. Cocker says: 
 "The central and unifying thought of this volume is that the neces- 
 sary ideas and laws of the reason, and the native instincts of the 
 human heart, originally implanted by God, are the primal and ger- 
 minal forces of history; and that these have been developed under 
 conditions which were first ordained and have been continually 
 supervised by the Providence of God." Prof. Winchell says of this 
 work: " It is a brave defense of the fundamental truths of Christi- 
 anity. It is a grammar of religious thought, illustrated by citations 
 from Grecian thinkers. It is an attempt to introduce to personal 
 consciousness the axioms of religious philosophy, and familiarize it 
 with their characteristics and implications." 
 
 " The Theistic Conception of the World " is, perhaps, Dr. Cock- 
 er's best work. In it he gives the results of years of investigation 
 and thought. He fully considers every position of a class of self- 
 styled "advanced thinkers " of what they have l:een pleased to call 
 "the tendency of modern thought." The issue is now sharply and 
 clearly defined between a God and no God, and in this work the 
 author defends in a masterly way the existence of a Divine Being. 
 
 "Hand-Book of Philosophy," and " Lectures on the Truth of the 
 Christian Eeligion," are also works of Dr. Cocker, and have met 
 with favorable reception. 
 
 Dr. Cocker has for many years been a contributor to the various 
 reviews and magazines of the country, and has done much in 
 strengthening believers in the revealed will of God and in the Chris- 
 tian religion. 
 
 EDWAED OLNET, LL. D. 
 
 Prof. Edward Olney, author of Olney's Mathematical Series, and 
 Professor of Mathematics in the University of Michigan, is worthy 
 of a place, not only among the authors of Washtenaw county, but 
 of the world. The first of his series of mathematics was published 
 in 1870 by Sheldon & Co., of ISTew York. The favor with which 
 this work was received encouraged the author to continue his labors. 
 
466 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 resulting in the compilation and publication of a series of 16 books, 
 in parts, or eight complete works, as follows: '"First Lessons in 
 Arithmetic," " Practical Arithmetic," " Science of Arithmetic," 
 " Introduction to Algebra," " Complete School Algebra," "Univer- 
 sity Algebra," " Elements of Geometry," and "General (Analyti- 
 cal ) Geometry and Calculus."^No series of mathematics ever came 
 into such general use in so short a time. They have been intro- 
 duced and are in use in nearly every leading college and university in 
 the Union, including, Yale, Harvard, Bowdoin, Dartmouth, Cornell, 
 Washington and Lee University, Michigan University and others. 
 In this course, the whole subject of pure mathematics is sharply 
 outlined according to the best modern philosophical views, and the 
 exact province of each separate branch is dearly shown in general 
 statement, and in the details of execution is closely adhered to. 
 The adaptation is such as to make the pupil feel, at every step of 
 his progress, that he is required to reason, not merely to perform 
 certain operations. Intelligent and unbiased critics and educational 
 men pi'onounce this the most complete mathematical series ever 
 issued. 
 
 Prof. Olney does not confine his literary labor alone to mathe- 
 matics, but is a frequent contributor to the religious, educational 
 and literary magazines and reviews of the country. He has been 
 for many years assistant editor of the Christian Herald, published 
 at Kalamazoo, and has since 1870 prepared the Sunday-School les- 
 sons for that periodical, requiring much study and examination, not 
 only of the Bible, but the religious literature of the world. The 
 Professor was also, at one time, associated in the publication of the 
 Edu3at'i07ial Weekly, in Chicago. 
 
 DONALD MACLEAN, M. D. 
 
 Dr. Maclean is Professor of in Michigan University. The 
 
 first literary work of the Doctor was that of editing " Symes' Medical 
 Works," published in 1865, by J. B. Lippincott & Co., of Philadel- 
 phia. This work was, at the request of Dr. Symes himself, and met 
 with a favorable reception from both critics and readers. It has 
 passed through several editions and is recognized as a standard 
 work by the medical profession. The Doctor is the author of nu- 
 merous articles in our current medical literature, and has delivered 
 many addresses before medical societies. 
 
 A. B. PALMER, A. M., M. D. 
 
 Dr. Palmer, Professor of Pathology, Practice of Medicine and 
 Hygiene in the University of Michigan, as an author is well known, 
 especially among the medical fraternity. Numerous reports and 
 addresses have, from time to time, appeared in pamphlet form, of 
 which the Professor was tb.e author, and which have been well 
 received by those interested in everything pertaining to the science 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 467 
 
 ot medicine. In 1865 appeared " A Eeport upon the Epidemic 
 occuring at Maplewood Young Ladies' Institute, Pittsfield, Mass. 
 including a discussion on the causes of Typhoid Fever." During 
 the same year appeared '' A Lecture on Sanitary Science: Its Impor- 
 tance as a Branch of General Education." .This address was pub- 
 lished by the class in Michigan University before whom it was 
 delivered. In 1866, "Epidemic Cholera: Its Pathology and Treat- 
 ment," appeared from the pen of Prof. Palmer. " Dry Earth as a 
 means of Disposal of Excreta," was published in 1870. " Law and 
 Intelligence in Nature and the Improvement of the Race in accord- 
 ance with Law," appeared in 1873. " The New Departure in Medical 
 Teaching in the University of Michigan," in 1877. " Quinine in 
 Acute Pneumonia," in 1879. In 1880, appeared the Doctor's most 
 pretentious work, " A Review of Homeopathy." This work was 
 favorably received by the medical fraternity of all schools, save the 
 Homeopathists, whose position it combats. Prof. Palmer is now ( in 
 the spring of 1881 ) engaged in the preparation of an elaborate 
 work on the general practice of medicine, which will embody the 
 experience of a long and busy life. 
 
 EDWARD C. FRANKLIN, M. D. 
 
 Dr. Franklin, Professor of Surgery in the Homeopathic Medical 
 College, Michigan University, is tlie author of a number of standard 
 medical works. In 1864 he wrote a work on the " Principles of 
 Surgery and the Treatment of Surgical Diseases," 874 pages, which 
 met with a favorable reception. In 1874, the "Art of Surgery," a 
 work devoted to operative surgery in its various branches, showing 
 the various methods of operating in surgical disorders requiring 
 interference, 870 pages. In 1877, he wrote a monograph on 
 "Spinal Curvature and Deformities," showing the beneficial results 
 of the new treatment by the plaster jacket and artificial spine. Dr. 
 Franklin has also written monographs on "Cancer," "Heart 
 Diseases," " Diseases of Bones," " Tumors," " Formation and 
 Union of Bones," " Operations on the Head from Injury," " Ho- 
 meopathy in the Army," "Transfusion of Blood," "Anomalous 
 Fractures," "Amputation from Gun-shot Wounds," and many 
 other subjects of professional interest. Dr. Franklin has been 
 elected President of the American Institute of Homeopathy, of 
 the Western Academy, and Mission Institute. He has, on account 
 of his many valuable contributions to medical literature, been 
 elected honorary member of more than a dozen State Medical So- 
 cieties, and a half dozen other societies of medicine. 
 
 PROF. C. L. FORD. 
 
 Prof Ford is the author of " Questions on Anatomy, Histology 
 and Physiology," "Questions on Teeth," and "Chart of the Mus- 
 cles in the Human Body." The design of these works is to aid 
 
4:68 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the student in acquiring a knowledge of the subjects treated. No 
 answers are given in the works to the questions, it being expected 
 of the student he should search out the knowledge from the various 
 works on the given subjects. 
 
 CLARA DOTY BATES. 
 
 This lady is a daughter of Samuel K Doty, and was born in 
 Ann Arbor. At an early age she evinced a poetic talent, which 
 found vent in the publication of some beautiful gems in the various 
 papers and magazines of the country. Prior to 1860, Orahatri's 
 Magazine was considered one of the best literary magazines of 
 the country, and one of its most valued contributors was Mrs. Bates, 
 then Miss Clara Doty. The following comments and quotations 
 are from that magazine in 1858: 
 
 There is no young writer of poetry at present before our public wliose lyrics are 
 more decidedly characteristic than those of Miss Clara Doty, of Ann Arbor, Mich- 
 igan. If the reader will imagine a clear, yet sensitive mind, which has perfectly 
 appreciated the purest and most sparkling flashes of German poetry, in the deepest 
 and sweetest lyrics of Heine, and which has then, forgetting all models, studied 
 nature, retaining no more of art than is found in our Indian legends, he will have 
 an accurate idea of the impression which her songs convey . There are many sweet 
 little poems of the present day which look like Clara Doty's, but hers have the 
 peculiarity that they are based on a deep, generally a semi-niythologic, thought. 
 They are never rococo. Take for instance the following: 
 
 WHITE VIOLETS. 
 
 A star teU from the sky at night, 
 
 Through the dim stillness ot the blue, 
 And sank, a transient gleam o£ white. 
 
 Where beds of early violets grew. 
 
 It left no vacant place on high. 
 
 It gave to earth no added light; 
 But flowers, ol color like the sky, 
 
 Were changed Into a starry white. 
 
 With another poet, we should call this a pretty figure; with Clara Doty, it ia 
 something deeper. Ever-changing nature, its waving, glittering forms, '.'ever sink- 
 ing themselves in each other's natures, beautiful transmigrations, dying in beauty, 
 and reappearing in other beautiful forms an eternal symbolism of life,— aU of this 
 we find in her poetry, quiet and modest as it is. It is never set forth,— all her lyrics 
 are eminently simple and unassuming,— but it is there. Less marked, but not the 
 less there, we find the same blending of symbols in the following fantasy: 
 
 Gold-rtbbed, and sllken-sallea, from rose to rose 
 
 With honey laden, fairy wild bees break 
 The currents of the air with steady prows. 
 
 Leaving a surge of humming In their wake. 
 
 The wind sways with its music all the trees. 
 
 Whose leafy whlspei-s make the bird-hearts beat- 
 While soft cloud-fleets sail heaven's azure seas ' 
 Vast phantom navies ride the billowy wheat,' 
 
 The fishes stirring In the water clear 
 
 Bind nets ot sunlight on their golden scales; 
 The water lilies ride at anchor near. 
 
 With sides ol shining green and waxen sails 
 
UISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 469 
 
 I hear no tiny mermen's laupcbtdr sweet, 
 
 Sporting tlie swaying water-weefls among, 
 But In the rushing hrook are sounds ot leet, 
 
 Quick teat ot drums, and sliouls ot meny song. 
 
 With click ot many a pehftle Castanet, 
 
 As In an eager multitude , they flee, ' 
 Through the pure Ireshness ot the rivulet, 
 
 On to the hitter, million-peopled sea. 
 
 * * *Plato's argument for the immortality of the soul is no stronger than the one of 
 eternally beautiful, ever-reviving nature — the oldest and most beautiful of all — yet 
 ever new and fresh and lovely, as Clara Boty shows in the following, where, as in 
 everything else which she writes, lies a deep and delicate mystery: 
 
 REsrSGAM. 
 
 It I could die when all the flowers died. 
 
 Be hurled with them when the autumn rain 
 Beats out the rose's last red flush ol prtde. 
 
 And stains the late tresh greenness ot the plain, 
 
 Oh, then it seems that as the burled seed. 
 Calm I might sleep through Winter's chilly reign. 
 
 And when the merry Spring his captives freed. 
 Throw off the sod, and look on earth again. 
 
 I cannot sleep an everlasting sleep, 
 
 I cannot have the earthier ages hloom 
 With flowers and forests, and lie burled deep. 
 
 My eyes and heart in dust, within a tomb. 
 
 With the fair violets and the cypress flowers. 
 
 With the sweet roses planted over me. 
 My dust shall spring in warm sunshine and showers. 
 
 And as a flower I shall live and see. 
 
 Time has not dimmed tlie lustre of Mrs. Bates. The same poetic 
 genius that was shown in youth, has developed as the years have 
 flown. The following quotations are from her pen of a late date : 
 
 DARK DATS AND FAIE. 
 
 One day goes clouded to its close. 
 
 At setting, d jll as when it rose; 
 Another has the sunny blue 
 
 Arched over it from dew to dew; 
 More have their mingled phases; — rare 
 
 The wholly dark or wholly fair. 
 
 So lives their little orbits run, 
 
 Either in shadow or in sun ; 
 This glad one noon-day tempests smite ; 
 
 This sad one evening glories light 
 With unexpected radiance ; — rare 
 
 The wholly dark or wholly fair. 
 
 But Faith has wings for any sky ! 
 
 Send her abroad her powers to try 
 When th' uplifting airs are warm, 
 
 That, should her flight encounter storm, 
 With trial made strong, her wings may dare 
 
 Boldly alike the dark and fair. 
 
470 HISTORY, OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Secure the soul that rests on Faith! 
 
 Upborne as by an animate breath, 
 She soars beyond earth's loss and gloom, 
 
 Beyond the shadow of the tomb, 
 With rapture, where is Heaven's free air 
 
 Wholly unclouded, wholly fair ! 
 
 GRANDMOTHERS BIRTHDAY. 
 Br CLAKA DOTY BATES. 
 
 Just seventy years ago 
 
 A little baby smiled. 
 And they gave the sweet old Bible name 
 
 Of Hannah to the child- 
 
 She slept, no doubt, such sleep 
 
 As only falls on eyes 
 That still have shut within their Uds 
 
 The light of paradise. 
 
 No doubt the little hands 
 
 Lay passive on her breast. 
 As, with the cradle's lullaby, 
 
 She hushed her to her rest. 
 
 Ah me! who could foretell 
 
 What work those hands should do ? 
 How many they should help to lead 
 
 Life's troubled mazes through ? 
 
 What never-faltering part 
 
 Their tender strength should take; 
 What burdens for the tired ones bear. 
 
 What barriers help to break ? 
 
 And ah! who could foresee 
 
 Upon that baby brow. 
 Where lay the dark and silky locks. 
 
 Its crown of silver now ? 
 
 Peace, as at first, is there ; 
 
 The world has never set 
 One single line of its hard seal 
 
 Upon that forehead yet 1 
 
 The constant shadow of pain 
 
 Has dimmed perhaps the eyes ; 
 Yet still they hold within their lids 
 
 The light of paradise. 
 
 Just seventy years ago 
 
 Since the little baby came, 
 And now her children's children bless 
 
 That sweet old Bible name. 
 
 Of late years Mrs. Bates has given much attention to the prepa- 
 ration of juvenile literature. The firm ofD. Lothrop & Co., Boston, 
 have issued'from her pen " Classics of Baby Land," " Collections 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 471 
 
 of Nursery Tales, versified for Little Folks," and " Heart's Con- 
 tent," a story for older children. E. B. Smith & Co., Detroit, 
 issued" Songs for Gold Locks," illustrated by Mrs. Finley, of that 
 city, a sister of Mrs. Bates. 
 
 REV. MARTIN L. d'oOGE, PH. D., 
 
 Professor of Greek Language and Literature, in the University of 
 Michigan, is a regular contributor to the "Transactions of the 
 American Philological Society," and to the " American Journal of 
 Philology." lu 1875 he published an edition of" Demosthenes on 
 the Crown." 
 
 MRS. CHARLOTTE FINLEY. 
 
 Mrs. Finley is the fourth daughter of Samuel R. Doty, of Ann 
 Arbor. She has attained quite a reputation as an artist, her crayon 
 work being especially fine. A portrait of her father, and also of her 
 mother, are especially admired. Mrs. Finley has done a large 
 amount of work in illustrating children's papers and magazines. 
 The illustrations in a juvenile work by Mrs. Clara Doty Bates, 
 entitled " Songs for Gold Locks," are from her pencil. 
 
 PROF. GABRIEL CAMPBELL. 
 
 The principal work of Prof. Campbell is that of a " New German 
 Course, or Grammar," published in 1867. He is also the author 
 of a sermon on " Future Ketribution," which received favorable 
 notice, and a poem entitled "War Pictures," published in 1865. 
 
CHAPTEE XVII. 
 PIONEER ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The young live in the future, the middle-aged in the present, 
 and the old in the past. The youth looks forward with bright 
 anticipations, believing he can grapple successfully with the prob- 
 lems of life, and that his name will be enrolled among the famous 
 in the world's history; those in the prime of life feel that every- 
 thing with them is the living present; the aged person sits by the 
 fire and dreams of the past, when he was stiong of limb, with uu- 
 dimmed eye, fighting his way through life, and overcoming every- 
 obstacle placed in his path. It is with him a glorious thought, 
 that he has come off conqueror in life's battle. 
 
 The memories of the past recall to the minds of the pioneers 
 those who were associated with them in the work of building up 
 waste places, and where there has been a co-partnership of suffering 
 and endurance, the feelings of kinship and fellowship spring up, 
 and there is a drawing together. This feeling has resulted in the 
 formation of the various State, county and township pioneer so- 
 cieties now in existence. 
 
 In response to a call issued by Gen. Edward Clark, President of 
 the Ann Arbor Pioneer and Historical Society, some 15 or 20 of 
 the old settlers and pioneers of the county assembled at the court- 
 house, Saturday morning, Aug. 16, 1873, at 10:30 o'clock, for 
 the purpose of organizing a county pioneer societ}^ 
 
 The meeting was called to order by Gen. Clark, who stated its 
 object, and suggested that in order to obtain the early history of 
 the county, it would be necessary to take immediate steps, ere 
 those who had assisted in making the history were laid in their 
 graves, and had become traditional. 
 
 Gen. Clark and M. H. Goodrich, Esq., of Ann Arbor, were ap- 
 pointed temporary Chairman and Secretary, respectively. 
 
 Gen. G. D. Hill made a few remarks relative to the object of the 
 society, and as to co-operation with the State society. Committees 
 of five on Permanent Organization, and three on Constitution and 
 By-laws, were appointed as follows: 
 
 Permanent Organization. — J. Q. A. Sessions, Ann Arbor; C. H. 
 Wines, Sylvan; Calvin "Wheeler, Salem; James Davidson, Sylvan. 
 
 Constitution and By-laws. — M. H. Goodrich, Ann Arbor; John 
 Geddes, Ann Arbor; William A. Jones, Dexter. 
 
 After adjournment and reassembling in the p. m., a constitution 
 and by-laws were adopted, and the society named " The Pioneer 
 Society of the Count}' Washtenaw." 
 
 The following permanent oflicers were duly elected: 
 
 (47'?) 
 
JIISTOKV OF WASIITKNAW COUNTY. 475 
 
 President. — Ex-Governor Alpheus Felch, Ann Arbor. 
 
 VicP-Pi-esidents.— E. Clark, Ann Arbor city; JoMGeddes, Ann Arbor town; A. 
 Childs, Augusta : D . W. Palmer, Bridgewater ; "William Jones, Dexter ; E. Haire, 
 Freedom; Darius Pierce, Lima; C. H. Wines, Sylvan; William M. Gregory, Sa- 
 line ; James H. Fellows, Sharon ; A. D. Crane, Scio ; Allen Critteudon, Pittsfield ; 
 John Peebles, Salem ; B Case, Manchester ; J. R, Arms, Webst,er ; J. D. Pierce,' 
 Ypsilanti city; E. D. Lay, Ypsilanti town; Peter Cook, York; Lyman Wood, 
 Lodi ; George Gale, Superior; Joseph Pray, Northfield. 
 
 Secretary. — George t". Wheeler, Salem. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary. — il H. Goodrich, Ann Arbor. 
 
 Treasurer — Joshua G. Leland, Ann Arbor. 
 
 Executive Committee. — John J. Robison, Sharon ; Edwin Lawrence, Ann Arbor ; 
 Darius Pierce, Lima; William Cross, Ypsilanti; Orange Risdon, Saline. 
 
 The following constitution was adopted : 
 
 Section 1. This society shall be known as the "Pioneer Society of the County 
 of Washtenaw." 
 
 Seo. 2. The objects of the society are to cultivate social relations, collect and pre- 
 sorve biographical sketches, statistics and historical facts, and reminiscences, and 
 to preserve and transmit the same to future generations. 
 
 8eo. 3. The officers of the society shall consist of a President, one senior Vice- 
 President, and one Vice-President from each of the townships and cities of the 
 county, » Corresponding and Recording Secretary, a Treasurer, an Executive Com- 
 mittee of five, of which the President, Recording Secretary and Treasurer shall be 
 ex-officio members, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting in each 
 year; in case of a failure to elect at that time, then as soon thereafter as may be 
 ordered by the Executive Committee, and they shall hold their office unless removed 
 by the society or executive committee, until their successors are elected. 
 
 Sec 4. Any person, male or female, who shall have been a permanent resident 
 of the County of Washtenaw, or its vicinity, twenty years or more, whether at one 
 time or at different times, may become a member of the society on paying twenty- 
 flvecents to the Treasurer as an initiatory fee, and continue a member by paying an 
 annual fee of twenty-five cents, and all special assessments of the society. Each 
 person on becoming a member .shall sign his name in a record book of the societv 
 with a statement of the date and place of his birth, his present residence, and, if not 
 a native of the county, the time of his emigration to the county. 
 
 Seo. 5, The President shall preside at all meetings of the society and conduct 
 the business according to parliamentary usages, countersign all warrants properly 
 drawn on the Treasui'er, and perform such other duties as appertain to the presiding 
 officer of a deliberative body. 
 
 Seo. 6. The Vice-President shall assist the President at all meetings, and in tha 
 absence or other inability to act, then the senior Vice-President, and in case of hig 
 inability to act, then one of the Vice-Presidents in the order of their elections, shall 
 perform the duty of presiding officer. 
 
 8eo. 7. It shall be the duty of the Corresponding Secretary to attend to all the 
 correspondence of the society, and such other duties pertaining to his office as the 
 society shall direct and report at each meeting, and at such other times as the society 
 shall direct. 
 
 Seo. 8. The Recording Secretary shall record all the proceedings of the society 
 and of the Executive Committee in a book to be procured and kept for that pur- 
 pose ; receive and safely preserve all papers and documents and memorials pre- 
 sented to, or belonging to the society ; draw all the warrants on the Treasurer on 
 properly audited accounts, aad take and preserve proper vouchers therefor, and re- 
 cord the death of each deceased member and the date thereof. 
 
 Seo. 9. The Treasurer shall have custody of all moneys belonging to the society, 
 collect all dues and assessments and pay over the same on proper warrant of the Sec- 
 retaiy, countersigned by the President. If required by the society he shall give 
 bond with sureties in such sums as the society shall direct. He shall keep an account 
 of his receipts and disbursements, and report the same at each regular meeting, and 
 at such other times as the society or the Executive Committee may direct, and at the 
 expiration of his term of office make a full report of all the proceedings of his office. 
 
 Beo. 10. The Executive Committee shall have the general direction and manaee- 
 30 * 
 
476 HI8T0KT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ment of the affairs of the society in pursuance of the constitution and orders of the 
 society ; call special meetings by giving notice thereof ; audit all claims against 
 the society and present the same to the Recording Secretary, and at the expiration 
 of their terms of office make a full report of all the proceedings of their office. 
 
 Sec. 11. There shall be an annual meeting and festival on the first Monday in 
 September, and one regular meeting on the first Monday in each alternate month 
 thereafter, commencing with the first Monday in October of each year. 
 
 Seo. 13. This constitution may be altered or amended at any annual meeting by 
 a majority vote of all the members of the society, but any alteration or amendment 
 shall be proposed, at least, at one regular meeting previous to action being taken 
 thereon. 
 
 J. Q. A. Sessions read a paper prepared by Jonathan Morton, 
 entitled " The First Settlement of Ypsilanti," which was highly 
 appreciated by those present. 
 
 The second quarterly meeting of the society was held at the 
 court-house in Ann Arbor, Oct. 6, 1873, Hon. Alpheus Felch in 
 the chair. 
 
 Gen. Edward Clark, of Ann Arbor, read a paper entitled "An 
 Indian Scare," which caused some amusement and several confes- 
 sions from those participating in the scare. 
 
 Ex-Gov. Felch spoke ilpon the subject of the Toledo war. Lo- 
 renzo Davis next entertained the society for about three-quarters 
 of an hour in narrating in a humorous manner many incidents in 
 the settlement of Ypsilanti, wherein it appears he was engaged in 
 three wars, — the Toledo, the Cholera and the Black Hawk wars, in 
 which he rose from a humble citizen in the private walks of life to 
 the position of 4th Corporal, and in the celebrated attack on the 
 village of Ypsilanti, in the Cholera war, actually saw two stage 
 horses mortally wounded. 
 
 William M. Gregory read a paper in which he urged upon all 
 the importance of perpetuating the labors of the pioneers. 
 
 The third tneeting was held Dec. 1, 1873, at the Firemen's hall 
 in Ann Arbor. 
 
 A.lvin Cross, of Ypsilanti, presented a paper wliich was read by 
 Lorenzo Davis, entitled "My [ntroduction to Michigan." 
 
 John Geddes, of Ann Arbor township, also read a paper in which 
 he narrated his experience in coming to and settling in Washtenaw 
 county. 
 
 Letters were read, and ordered to be spread upon the records 
 of the society between the Greek Minister and the Mayor of Ypsi- 
 lanti, in reference to the origin of the name of the city of Ypsilanti. 
 
 A biographical sketch of Mark Norris was also read and ordered 
 spread upon the records. 
 
 The fourth meeting of the society was held Feb. 2, 1874, at Ann 
 Arbor. 
 
 On motion of Nathan Webb, of Pittsfield, the following resolu- 
 tion was adopted: 
 
 Resolved. That the Pioneer Society hold a festival or picnic in commemoration of 
 the semi-centennial location of the county seat of Washtenaw county, in the city of 
 Ann Arbor, on the 24th day of February, 1874. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 477 
 
 A committee of nine persons was appointed to make all necessary 
 arrangements for the festival or picnic, and K. A. Beal, Nathan 
 Webb, "William A. Jones, J. Q. A. Sessions, M. H. Goodrich, John 
 J. Kobison, Ezra D. Lay, William M. Gregory and 0. H. Wines 
 were appointed said committee. 
 
 Interesting and instructive papers from Mrs. R. B. Norris, Will- 
 iam A. Jones, Morrell Goodrich, William Gregory and John Ged- 
 des were read before the meeting. 
 
 THE CELEBEATION. 
 
 The semi-centennial celebration of the location of Ann Arbor 
 as a county-seat by tlie Pioneer Soeiet}' of Washtenaw County! was 
 held in the basement of the Methodist Episcopal church, on Tues- 
 day, Feb. 24, 1874. Tlie opportunity for the fathers and motliers 
 of Washtenaw to meet together and review old acquaintance and 
 rehearse the pleasing memories of bygone days was improved to 
 the fullest extent. 
 
 At the time announced for the opening of the festival the 
 parlors of the church were rapidly filled with the pioneers, who 
 had come from every township in the county to do honor to tlie 
 memory of John Allen and Walter Rumsey, the first pioneers of 
 Washtenaw county. And. it was well that they should meet in 
 reunion for their own sakes. The struggles and activities of early 
 life in Michigan, though not without their enjoyable phases, and 
 which, though the sturdy men and women that were represenled in 
 the festival have been productive of so much character and real 
 worth among the people and have given to Washtenaw a pre-emi- 
 nent rank in the counties of the State, deserve to be commemorated 
 and the memory of them handed down to future generations. 
 
 The oldest gentleman present on the occasion was Orange Risdon, 
 of Saline. He was early identified with the history of tlie county 
 and the State, being particularly engaged in the numerous surveys 
 of those days between Detroit and Chicago. Calvin Bliss, who 
 came in 1834, established the first jewelry store in the State west 
 of Detroit. It seems that Calvin Chipman put up the first log 
 house in Ann Arbor, in 1824. He was instrumental in securing 
 the present name of the city. Mr. Rumsey occupied the present 
 site of the Episcopal church, and, as the story goes, his wife, whose 
 name was Ann, said one day to her husband, in reply to his remark, 
 "What a beautiful arbor we have!" "Mr. Rumsey, let's call it 
 Ann's Arbor." Mr. Chipman being present, arose and in the usual 
 form of deliberative assemblies put the vote, which was carried 
 unanimously. The documents to this efi'ect were afterward drawn 
 up and deposited in the office of Major Kearsley, the land agent at 
 Detroit. 
 
 Of the antiquities brought out on this occasion, none, perhaps, 
 excited more interest than the first piano ever brought west of 
 Detroit, which was on exhibition in the rear end of the reception 
 
478 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. i 
 
 hall. From the historical paper which accompanied the same it 
 was learned that it was brought from Detroit in 1827, by John 
 Anderson, with an ox team, for Miss Lucy Ann Clark, and set up 
 at Mr. Harvey Austin's house, which stood on the nortliwest corner 
 of Second and Liberty streets, where Mr. Anderson was treated to 
 music before leaving. Shortly afterward it was taken to a house 
 standing on Main street. Here large numbers of the Potta- 
 watomies and Tawas Indians enjoyed and frequently danced to 
 its music. This instrument originally cost $75. 
 
 Moses Boylan produced some interesting relics of former days in 
 the shape of a family Bible and record bearing the date of 1740, his 
 grandmother's wedding slippers, teaspoons, etc., made in 1765. 
 Mr. Boylan set up in the tailor's trade in 1830, in Ann Arbor, and 
 had at home the shears, pressboard, and other implements of the 
 trade at that time. He had also the oldest jail record in the 
 county. A peculiar incident was related by Mr. Boylan in respect 
 to his son, Arthur E. Boylan, who was born in jail, raised in the 
 poor-house, educated in Michigan University, and was then practic- 
 ing law in Brighton, Michigan. 
 
 Mr. John S. Nowland, who clkirned to be the first white child 
 born in Ann Arbor, presented for inspection a needle-case, imported 
 from Scotland 150 years ago; also some scrip of the State of New 
 Jersey, bearing date of 1781. 
 
 About three o'clock the pioneers and others in attendance, to the 
 number of 500, sat down to the bountifully laden tables which had 
 been prepared by the ladies of Ann Arbor, with an abundance of 
 everything that could tempt the palates of the epicure. Many 
 compliments were passed on the ladies for their successful efforts 
 in preparing for the wants of the inner man. 
 
 The chairman then called for five-minute remarks illustrative of 
 earl}' pioneer life, from the representatives of the various townships. 
 Neaily all called on responded and interested the meeting with the 
 recital of the condition of things in Washtenaw county in its 
 younger days. At the conclusion of the remarks, and after the 
 singing of " Auld Lang Syne," the meeting dissolved, thus ending 
 an occasion which will be remembered by all present as one of the 
 most enjoyable in a social way in the history of the county. 
 
 The society again met in convention April 13, 1874, at Fire- 
 men's Hall, in Ann Arbor. 
 
 At this meeting Chai'les A. Chapin reported that Mark Howard 
 had generously donated his file of the Western Emigrant to the 
 society. The thanks of the society were tendered Mr. Howard 
 for his excellent gift. 
 
 Requests were made of various gentlemen to prepare sketches of 
 the townships in which they lived, and after listening to papers 
 read from E. "W. "Wliitmore, E. D. Lay, Samuel Pettibone and John 
 Thompson the society adjourned to meet on the first Sunday in 
 June. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 479 
 
 At the meeting held June 1, 1874, Lorenzo Davis, E. D. Lay, 
 and John Geddes were appointed a committee to take the necessary 
 steps toward organizing under the act to provide for the incorpora- 
 tion of State, county, or municipal biographical and geographical 
 Societies. 
 
 A committee consisting of one member of the society from each 
 township and city was appointed to make arrangements for attend- 
 ing the semi-centennial anniversary of the settlement of Ypsilanti. 
 The following named were appointed: Ann Arbor city, Charles 
 A. Chapin; Ann Arbor township, John Geddes; Augusta, Aaron 
 Childs; Bridge water, David W. Palmer; Dexter, William A.Jones; 
 Manchester, J. D. Corey; Pittslield, Nathan Webb; Northfield, 
 George Sutton; Lyndon, Osman Clark; Lima, Morrell Goodrich; 
 Lodi, Charles Allmendinger; Saline, William M. Gregory; Salem, 
 George S. Wheeler; Scio, James W. Wing; Sylvan, Charles H. 
 Wines; Sharon, John J. Robison; Superior, S. Cuppen; York, 
 Peter Cook; Ypsilanti township, E. D. Lay; Ypsilanti city, Sid- 
 ney S. Derby. 
 
 On Monday, Aug. 3, 1S74, the society met pursuant to ad- 
 journment at the courthouse in Ann Arbor. 
 
 An able paper from Mrs. Mark Norris on the early history of 
 Ypsilanti was read by Lorenzo Davis. Horace Carpenter read a 
 paper on the early settlement of the township of Pittsfield, and 
 Charles A. Chapin read a paper prepared by Miss Lizzie Farrand. 
 
 FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. 
 
 On Monday, Sept. 7, 1874, the society met and proceeded to the 
 election of ofhcers for the ensuing year. The following named 
 were elected: 
 
 President. — Alpheus Felch, Ann Arbor city. 
 
 First Vice-President. — Edward Clark, Ann Arbor city. 
 
 Vice-Presidents— J. Q. A. Sessions, Ann Arbor city; John Geddes, Ann Arbor 
 township; Aaron CMlds, Augusta; Daniel Le Baron, Bridgewater ; William A. 
 Jones, Dexter : James Winton, Freedom ; MorreU Goodrich, Lima ; .J. H. Collins, 
 Lyndon ; C. Allmendinger, Ledi ; J. D. Corey, Manchester ; George Sutton, North- 
 field; Nathan Webb, Pittsfield; William M. Gregory, Saline ; Calvin Wheeler, Sa^ 
 lem; Daniel Crippen, Superior; C. H. Wines, Sylvan; Hiram Arnold, Scio ; John 
 J. Eobison, Sharon ; J. B. Arms, Webster ; Peter Cook, York ; E. D. Lay, Ypsi- 
 lanti township; William Wilson, Ypsilanti city. 
 
 Recording Secretary.— Charles A. Chapin. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary. — Lorenzo Davis. 
 
 Treasurer.— J. G. Leland. 
 
 Executive Committee. — Hiram Arnold, E. D. Lay, William A. Jones, Nathan 
 Webb, George Sutton. 
 
 A meeting of the society was held in Ann Arbor Oct. 7, 1874, 
 when a paper was read by the secretary from E- W. Whitmore on 
 the early settlement of Pittsfield. Letters were also read from 
 Deacon Ezra Maynard in 1824, 1826, and 1827, to his son, William 
 S. Maynard. 
 
 On motion of Lorenzo Davis each member was requested to pre- 
 pare and present to the society a biographical sketch. 
 
480 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Society adjourned to meet at Ypsilanti, Monday, Dec. 7, 1874. 
 
 At the time specified, the society assembled at Bachelder's Hall, 
 Ypsilanti. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Clements read an interesting paper on the early 
 history of the township of Lima, for which he received the thanks 
 of the society. 
 
 At this meeting D. Depue and Charles F. Allmendinger presented 
 to the society a block cut from one of the remaining logs of the first 
 school-house built in the county, which was situated in the town of 
 Pittstield on the south Ypsilanti road and was erected in 1825. 
 
 Jeremiah D. Williams read a paper on the early history of Web- 
 ster, after which the society adjourned to meet in the village of 
 Dexter, Monday, Feb. 1, 1875. 
 
 The society met pursuant to adjournment. 
 
 Papers were read by Jeremiah D. Williamson the early settle- 
 ment of Webster; Jacob D. Preston, on the early settlement and 
 history of the town of Freedom ; John L. Clements, on the early 
 history of Lima; and Morrell Goodrich, also on the town of Lima. 
 
 The next regular meeting was held at Chelsea, May 15, 1875. 
 
 A paper by Curran White entitled " Eeminiscences of Early Life 
 in Michigan" was read by the secretary. Gen. Edward Clark also 
 spoke upon '' Reniniscences of Early Life in Washtenaw county," 
 and J. G. Leland, upon "Early Life in Northfield." The society 
 then adjourned to meet in Ann Arbor, Monday, June 7, 1875. 
 
 At the meeting in Ann Arbor, June 7, a committee was ap- 
 pointed to make arrangements for the celebration of Independence 
 Day. 
 
 N . W. Cheever presented to the society two books containing 
 specimens of bank bills. "Wild-cat," " Stumptail," counterfeit, ' 
 broken banks of diiferent States, and Canada. On motion of Mr. 
 Leland the thanks of the society were tendered Mr. Cheever for his 
 gift. 
 
 The next regular meeting of the society was held in Union School 
 Hall, in the village of Saline, Monday, Aug. 2, 1875. Several in- 
 teresting biographical sketches were read and ordered filed in the 
 archives of the society. 
 
 SECOND ANNUAL MEETING. 
 
 The interest in the society up to this time was well maintained, 
 the attendance at each of the regular meetings being large. Many in- 
 teresting and valuable papers had been contributed by members of 
 the society and others. 
 
 On motion of John Geddes the constitution was changed, mak- 
 ing the regular meetings quarterly, and the day in the week to be 
 Wednesday instead oV Monday. 
 
 M. H. Goodrich, J. Q. A. Sessions, G. W. Gale, J. D. Williams and 
 George Sutton were appointed a committee to take necessary 
 measures to organize the society in accordance with the statute of 
 the State authorizino; the orj^anization of historical societies. 
 
HISTORY Oir WASHTENAW COUNTY. 481 
 
 The following named were elected officers of the society for the 
 ensuing year: 
 
 President. — Edward Clark. 
 
 First Vice President. — William M. Gregory. 
 
 Vice Presidents.— Ann Arbor city, J. Q. A. Sessions; Ann Arbor township, 
 John Geddes ; Augusta, Aaron Childs ; Bridgewater, D. Le Baron ; Dexter, Will- 
 iam A. Jones, ; Freedom, Elias Haire ; Lima, Morrell Goodrich ; Lyndon, J. H. 
 Collins; Lodi, C. P. Allmendinger; Manchester, J. D. Corey; Northfield, George 
 Sutton ; Pittsfleld, Nathan Webb ; Saline, A. K. Clark ; Salem, Calvin Wheeler ; 
 Superior, George W. Gale ; Sylvan, C. H. Wines ; Scio, H. Arnold ; Sharon, An- 
 drew Robison ; Webster, J. B. Arras ; York, Henry Coe ; Ypsilanti township, E. 
 D. Lay; Ypsilanti city, William Wilson. 
 
 Recording Secretary. — Charles A. Chapin. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary. — M. H. Goodrich. 
 
 Treasurer. — J G. Leland. 
 
 Executive Committee. — J. D. Williams, E. D. Lay, J. Q. A. Sessions, David 
 Depue, John J. Robison. 
 
 At this meeting Bishop Fellows presented to the society four 
 volumes of tlie documentary History of New York, for which the 
 thanks of the society were tendered. 
 
 Collections of over 400 Indian relics and curiosities, com])rising 
 arrow and spear heads, pipes, stone hatchets, silver ornaments and 
 other trinkets, were exhibited by A. B. Covert, R. Schuyler, Jr., 
 D. Depue, J. H. Sperry, Jefferson Rouse and William M. Gregory. 
 
 ISlov. 27, 1875, a meeting was held and an organization was 
 formed under the State law, and on the first of December the 
 society transferred its membership by resolution to the newly 
 organized Pioneer Society of Washtenaw Coimty. 
 
 THE EEORGANIZED PIONEER SOCIETY. 
 
 At the first meeting of the newly organized Society of the Pio- 
 neers of Washtenaw County, the officers elected at the September 
 meeting were by vote continued until the expiration of the year in 
 September, 1876. 
 
 The following is the constitution and by-laws adopted: 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Article I. — Name. 
 
 The name of this association shall be " The Pioneer Society of the County of 
 Washtenaw." 
 
 Aetiole II. — Objects, Amount of Property, Territorial Limits and 
 Annual Subscriptions. 
 
 Section 1. — The object of this society is the collection and preserving of historical, 
 biographical and other information, past and present, in relation to the county of 
 Washtenaw. 
 
 Sec. 2.— The property of this society shall not exceed $100,000. 
 
 Sec. 3. — This society shall embrace as territorial limits the county of Washtenaw. 
 
 Sec. 4. — The annual subscription of the members of this society shall not be less 
 than 35 cents nor more than f 3.00. 
 
482 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Abticlb III. — Officers and Theeb Duties. 
 
 Section 1. — The ofBcers of this society shall be, a President, one Vice President 
 from each city and township in the county, a Recording Secretary, a Treasurer, an 
 Executive Committee of five, of which the President shall ex officio be chairman ; 
 and a Necrologist who shall be elected annually, and shall hold their office for one 
 year, and until their successors shall be duly elected. They shall be elected by 
 ballot and a majority of all the votes cast shall be necessary to an election. They 
 shall take precedence in the order in which they are named in this section. 
 
 Seo. 2. — The President shall preside at all meetings of the society, and perform 
 all the duties of a presiding officer of a deliberative body. 
 
 The Vice-President shall perform all the duties of the President in his absence or 
 inability to act, and they shall take precedence in the alphabetical order of the town- 
 ships of the county for which they are elected. 
 
 Seo. 3. — The Recording Secretary shall keep an accurate record of all the proceed- 
 ings of the society and of the Executive Committee in books to be provided and 
 kept for that purpose; report in the month of September in each year to the Secre- 
 tary of the State Association, the proceedings of the society during the year, giving 
 copies of papers read at its meetings, or contributed by its members or other persons 
 during the preceding year, and perform such other duties pertaining to his office as 
 the society shall from time to time direct, and make full report to the society of all 
 the proceedings of his office at each annual meeting, and at such other times as he 
 may be requested so to do by the society. 
 
 Seo. 4.- -The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct all the correspondence of the 
 society, and be the organ of communication between this society and other socie- 
 ties, persons, and bodies, and perform such other duties pertaining to his office as 
 the society or Executive Committee may direct ; and shall report to the society at 
 its annual meeting in each year, all the proceedings of his office ; he shall perform 
 the duties of Necrologist until otherwise provided by the society. 
 
 Seo. 5. — The Treasurer shall have the care and custody of all the moneys and funds 
 of the society, and safely keep the same ; pay all warrants drawn on him by the Re- 
 cording Secretary, and countersigned by the President ; keep a full and accurate 
 account of all receipts and disbursements, and make a full report thereof to the 
 society at its annual meeting in each year, and at such other times as the society or 
 Executiise Committee may direct ; he shall give bonds with two sureties, to be ap- 
 proved by the society, in such sum as the society may from time to time require. 
 
 Seo. 6- — The Executive Committee shall have the general management of the af- 
 fairs of the society, in pursuance with the Articles of Association, by-laws and resolu- 
 tions of the society ; they may call extra meetings of the society at such time, 
 place, and for such purposes (not inconsistent with the articles and objects of the 
 society) as they may deem desirable, on giving at least one month's previous notice 
 thereof, by pulDlishing the same and the objects thereof, at least in one paper pub- 
 lished in the city of Ann Arbor, and one paper published nearest the proposed place 
 of such meeting. They shall audit all claims and accounts against the society, and 
 report the same to the society at its next regular meeting. They shall make to the 
 society at each annual meeting a full report of all their proceedings. They may 
 call extra meetings of the society upon the written request of any five members in 
 good and regular standing. The request shall distinctly set forth the objects of, and 
 the time and place of holding, such meeting, and be signed by the petitioners. 
 
 Aetiole IV. — Membership. 
 
 Any person, not less than 40 years of age, who has resided in the county twenty- 
 five (2.5) years, may become a member of this society, on subscribing to the Articles 
 of Association, giving place and date of birth ; place and date of residence in this 
 State ; present residence; and on payment to the Treasurer the annual subscription ; 
 provided, that the society shall have power to admit to full membership all the mem- 
 bers of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County, heretofore organized at such 
 time, and upon such conditions and terms as the society shall direct. 
 
 Article V. — Amendments. 
 
 Sec. 1. — This Constitution may be altered and amended at any regular meeting by 
 a majoritj' of the votes of all the members present, provided , that the proposed al- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. ■J 83 
 
 teration or amendment shall have been filed in writing with the Recording Secre- 
 tary, and notice thereof given at the meeting next preceding action having been 
 had on such alteration or amendment. 
 
 Sec. 2. — The by-laws may be altered or amended at any regular meeting by a vote 
 of two-tliirds of all the members present, the proposed alteration or amendment 
 having been previously filed in writing with the Recording Secretary. 
 
 Article VI. — Meetings. 
 
 Sec. 1. — There shall be held an annual meeting of the society on the first Wed- 
 nesday in September in each year for the purpose of the election of officers and the 
 transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before the society, 
 provided, that the first election of officers under the constitution shall be held at such 
 time and place as the^society at the time of the adoption of this constitution shall 
 elect. 
 
 Sec. 3. — There shall be at least four regular meetings and one festival in each 
 year, at such times and places as the society may by law determine. 
 
 Article YII. — Vaoanoiks. 
 
 Seo. 1. — All vacancies not otherwise provided for in this constitution which may 
 occur in the offices of the society, shall be filled by the Executive Committee within 
 ten days after tliey shall have been notified thereof ; and the person so appointed to 
 fill a vacancy shall hold his office until the next annual election, and until his suc- 
 cessor shall be elected. 
 
 Seo. 2. — If any officer orofficers shall neglect from any cause whatever to discharge 
 the duties of his or their office, it shall be .lawful for the society to appoint mem- 
 bers pro tempore to discharge the duties of such officer or officers, who shall have 
 all the powers and attributes of an officer duly elected under the constitution. 
 
 Aetiolk VIII. — Removals. 
 
 The society shall have full power to remove any officer or drop any member's 
 name from the rolls of the society for cause ; and every officer and member shall 
 have a full and fair opportunity to be heard, either in person or by an attorney, be- 
 fore being removed. 
 
 Article IX. — Quorum. 
 
 Seven members of the society in full and regular standing shall constitute a 
 quorum for the transaction of business ; but a less number may adjourn from time 
 to time. 
 
 During the 3'ear the society met at Manchester, Dec. 1 
 1875; Tpsilanti, March 1, 1876, and Ann Arbor, June 7, 1876 
 Interesting meetings w"ere held at each place. 
 
 At the meeting in Ypsilanti Charles A. Chapin resigned the 
 office of secretary', and J. D. Williams was elected to fill the 
 vacancy. 
 
 J. Q. A. Sessions, Nathan Webb, John J. Kobison. Willian M. 
 Gregory and J. D. Williams were appointed to compile a history 
 of Washtenaw county for the State Pioneer Society. 
 
 Papers were read as follows : "Monuments over the Graves of 
 the Revolutionary Pioneers of Michigan," by William M.Gregory; 
 "The Early Settlement of Webster," by J. D. Williams ; " Indian 
 Antiquities," by W. D. Harriman ; " Early Settlements," by Mrs. 
 Mark Osborne ; " Early Settlement of Ypsilanti," by E. D. Lay; 
 "Early Settlement of Freedom," by Jacob Preston. 
 
« 
 
 484 UISTORY OF AVASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Resolutions were passed on the death of J . G. Leland and Mor- 
 gan O'Brien. 
 
 THIRD ANNUAL MEETING. 
 
 The year 1876 is one long to be remembered, it being the one 
 hundredth anniversity of the nation's birth. Everybody at this 
 time was interested in historical matters, and probably a greater 
 amount of historical material was gathered during this year than 
 in any 10 of tlie existence of the Union. Churches, schools, States, 
 counties, towns, villages, all had their histories compiled for future 
 reference. 
 
 The pioneers of Washtenaw county were not idle when all around 
 them were busy, and therefore there will be found among their 
 records of that year a large amount of material interesting and valu- 
 able to the iiistorian. 
 
 The annual meeting of the society was held in Ann Arbor, 
 Wednesday, Sept. 6. It was well attended and much interest was 
 manifested in its business. The following named were elected offi- 
 cers for the year: 
 
 President. — J. Q. A. Sessions. 
 
 Recording Secretary — J. D. Williams. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary. — M. H. Goodrich. 
 
 Treasurer. — George Sutton. 
 
 Vice Presidents.- -A. D. Crane, John Geddes, Aaron Childs, D. W. Palmer, 
 Conrad Krapf, William A. Jones, Elias Haire, Morrell Goodrich, J. H. Collins, T>. 
 F. AUuiendinger, W. H. Bessac, Solomon F. Sears, David De Pue, A. K. Clark, 
 Calvin Wheeler, Lasher Kimmell, Charles H. Wines, Andrew Robison, F. B. 
 Arms, Henry Coe, .Josiah Newell, William Wilson. 
 
 Executive Committee. — William M. Gregory, L. C. Risdon, Floru5 Finley, J. J. 
 Robison, Charles S. Gregory. 
 
 Reports were made by the out going officers, showing a favorable 
 state of affiiirs in the society. 
 
 John Geddes read a paper on the "Early History of the Township 
 of Superior," which was ordered placed on file. J. Q. A. Sessions 
 also read a paper on the " Eariv History of the Village of Ann Ar- 
 bor." 
 
 The quarterly meetings of the society were held at Dexter, 
 Chelsea and Manchester, at which papers were read as follows: 
 "Early Settlement of Lodi," by Harrison W. Bassett; " Early His- 
 tory of the Village of Dexter," by A. D. Crane; " Incidents in the 
 Life of Mrs. Mark Norris," by Rev. G. F. Tindall; " Early History 
 of Ann Arbor," by Rev. Mr. Holmes; " Early History of the Town- 
 ship of Sylvan," by W. DePue; "Early History of Ann Arbor," 
 by Lorin Mills; " Early Settlement of Sharon," by J. H. Fellows; 
 " Early History of Bridgewater," by R. Randall. 
 
 FOOKTH ANNUAL MEETING. 
 
 Another year has passed away, the deeds of which have now be- 
 come history, and again the pioneers of Washtenaw county meet 
 
HIsTOET eF WASHTENAW COCNTT. 485 
 
 in session at the court-house in Ann Arbor, "Wednesday, Sept. 5, 
 1877. The year to theai has been one of pleasant memories, though 
 occasionally tinged with sorrow as their number was thinned by 
 death. 
 
 At this meeting officers were chosen for the ensuing year as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 President. — A. D. Crane. 
 
 Recording Secretaiy.— J. D. Williams. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary. — M. H. Goodrich. 
 
 Treasurer. — Dorr Kellogg. 
 
 Vice Presidents. — Joiin Geddes, Edward Clark, J. W. Childs, Daniel Le Baron, 
 J. D. Corey, Sampson Parker, William A. Jones, Elias Haire, J. H. Collins, C. H. 
 Allmendinger, George Sutton, David Depue, A. K. Clark, Calvin Wheeler, Lorrin 
 Sanford, C. H. Wines, J. B. Arms, Josiah Newell, Jason C. Gillett, A. H. Hotch- 
 kin, J. W. Wing, Andrew Robison. 
 
 Executive Committee. — J. Q. A. Sessions, James H. Fellows, E. D. Lay, William 
 M. Gregory, N. A. Phelps. 
 
 Among the papers read were a poem b}' Mrs. IST. H. Pierce, en- 
 titled "The Pioneer;" a biographical sketch of Charles K. Wallace 
 and a letter from Mr. Wright on the meaning of the word " Wash- 
 tenaw." 
 
 During the year quarterly meetings were lield at Saline, Ypsi- 
 lanti and Dexter, at which the following papers were read: 
 '• Reminiscences of the Early Settlement of the Southern Part of 
 the County," by Mrs. T. W. Hunt; "Biographical Sketch of Kos- 
 well Preston," by Jacob Preston; "The Early Settlement of 
 Superior," by Mrs. Flora Finley; "Life," by Mrs. M. E. Foster; 
 " Comparative Longevity of People in New Jersey and Michigan," 
 by W. M. Gregory; "Early Settlement of York," by David Ber- 
 dan; " IVly Early Recollections of Washtenaw County," by Mrs. N. 
 H. Pierce; " Tiie Patriot War of 1837-'38," by Gen. E. Clark; 
 "My Early Experience in Michigan," by S. W. Pattison ; "Remi- 
 niscences," by Mrs. Alvin Cross; '' Reminiscences of Pioneer Life," 
 bj' Horace Carpenter; "The Pioneers," by Mr. Lambie; "To the 
 Old Pioneers of Washtenaw," by Mrs. N. H. Pierce. 
 
 FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING. 
 
 ■ Five years have passed away since the Washtenaw County Pio- 
 neer Society was formed, and some who were active in its organ- 
 ization have been called away, while others stand ready to hear the 
 summons to "come up higher." Regular meetings were held at 
 the times and places specified, and the interest in the society was 
 well maintained. 
 
 . On the 4th day of September, 1878, the society held its sixth 
 annual meeting at Chelsea, and elected the following named officers: 
 
 President. — A. D. Crane. 
 Recording Secretary. — J. Q. A. Sessions. 
 Corresponding Secretary. — M. H. Goodrich. 
 Treasurer. — J. J. Parshall. 
 
 Vice Presidents.— John Geddes, E. Clark, J. W. Childs, Daniel Le Baron, J . D. 
 Corey, Sampson Parker, W. A. Jones, John Feldcamp, J . H. Collins, C. A. All- 
 
 ^ 
 
48fi HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTy. 
 
 mendinger, George Sutton, David De Pue, A. K. Clark, Calvin Wheeler, Lorrin 
 Sanford, C. H. Wines, J. B. Arms, Josiah Newell, Jason C. Gillett, A. H. Hotchkin, 
 J. W. Wing, Andrew Robison. 
 
 Executive Committee. — J. D. Williams, E. D. Lay, N. A. Phelps, James II. Fel- 
 lows, W. M. Gregory. 
 
 Quarterly meetings were held at Manchester, Saline and Ypsi- 
 lanti. A special meeting was also held at Ann Arbor, June 4, 
 1879. 
 
 Among the papers read at the various meetings were " Ann 
 Arbor in Slices," by Mrs. N. H. Pierce; "The Early History of 
 Ypsilanti," by James M. Edmunds; "Early Settlement of the 
 Township of Superior," by Mrs. Florus Finiey; "Organization 
 and Labors of the Ladies' Society of Ann Arbor for the Decoration 
 of the Graves of Deceased Soldiers," by Mrs. N. H. Pierce; 
 " Kecollectioiis and Experience of an Emigrant and Pioneer," by 
 William Lambie; " Welcome to the Pioneer — a Poem," by William 
 Larabie. In addition to the papers read, addresses were made by 
 Dr. Root, J. H. Fellows, M. McDougal, F. A. Fellows, J. D. Corey, 
 Mr. Dewey, President of Lenawee County Pioneers' Society, Mrs. 
 Mary E. Foster and Rev. John D. Pierce. 
 
 A room in the third story of the court-house was selected for the 
 use of the society. 
 
 SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING. 
 
 The society met in its sixth annual session at the court-house 
 in Ann Arbor, Wednesday, Sept. 3, 1879. Prayer was offered by 
 Rev. Samuel Day. It being the time for the election of officers 
 the following named were duly elected: 
 
 President. — C. H. Wines. 
 
 Secretary. — Lorenzo Davis. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary and Necrologist. — C. A. Chapin. 
 
 Treasurer. — J. J. Parshal. 
 
 Vice Presidents. — Ann Arbor township, John Geddes; Ann Arbor city, R. A. 
 Beal; Augusta, J. W. Childs; Bridgewater, M. McDougal, Manchester, J.D.Corey; 
 Lima, E. A. Nordman; Scio, George A. Peters; Dexter, Thomas Burkett; Free- 
 dom, John Feldcamp ; Lyndon, John K. Yocum ; Sylvan, Samuel G. Ives; Lodi, 
 EriBrainard; Superior, L. L. Kimmel; Salem, Calvin Wheeler; Northfleld, Joseph 
 Pray ; Webster. Robert McCall ; Ypsilanti township, William Watliug ; Ypsilanti 
 city, William Wilson ; Saline, Norman Nickoson ; Pittsfleld, George Saunders ; 
 York, A. H. Hotchkin ; Sharon, James H. Fellows. 
 
 Executive Committee. — James W. Wing, Florus S. Finiey, A. K. Clark, J. J. 
 Robison, Horace Carpenter. 
 
 During the year meetings were held at Dexter and Chelsea 
 Considerable interest was manifdsted by the members, especially 
 with reference to the publication of a history of the county. 
 
 SEVENTH ANNOAL MEETING. 
 
 The years come and go, and as time passes on the number of 
 the pioneers is being lessened. At every meeting of the society 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 487 
 
 the announcemont is made that one or more have passed on to their 
 reward, leaving only the record of a life well spent and good deeds 
 performed. As their number decreases the interest taken by the 
 remainder in the objects of tlie society increases. Tlie eighth an- 
 nual meeting of the society was called ar Ann Arbor, Wednesday 
 Sept. 1, 1880. The meeting was called to order at 11 o'clock, a. 
 M., by tiie President, C. H. Wines. Prayer was offered by Kev. Dr. 
 Holmes, of Chelsea. 
 
 A number of obituary notice^ of persons who iiad died since the 
 last meeting were read and filed in the archives of the society. 
 
 The vice-presidents of the society were instructed to present to 
 the secretary brief obitnarj' notices of all members of this society 
 who shall die in their respective townships, and of all others who 
 settled in this county prior to the year ISiO. 
 
 On motion it was resolved to raise the sum of §100 for the purpose 
 of furnishing the society's room in the court-house. Kev. Dr. Holmes, 
 of Chelsea, was made chairman of a committee consisting of one 
 from each township to raise the amount. 
 
 The committee appointed to select officers for the year made 
 report, which report was adopted, and the following named persons 
 were declared duly elected: 
 
 President. — Ezra D. Lay. 
 
 Recording Secretary. — Lorenzo Davis. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary. — Cliarles A. Cliapin. 
 
 Treasurer. — J. J. Parshall. 
 
 Vice-Presidents. — Ann Arbor township, J. D. Williams; Ann Arbor city, Rice 
 A. Beal; Augusta, J. W. Childs; Bridgewater, M. McDougal; Manchester, J . D. 
 Corey: Lima, ilorrell Goodrich; Scio, J. W. Wing; Dexter, William Glenn; Free- 
 dom. John Peldcamp; Lyndon, John K. Yocum; Sylvan, W. P. Hatch; Lodi, Eri 
 L. Brainard; Superior, L. L. Kiraniell; Saline, Levi Reynolds; Salem, Calvin 
 Wheeler; Xorthfield, George Sutton; Webster, C. Reeves; Ypsilanti township, F. 
 S. Finley; Ypsilanti city, William Watling; Sharon, J. H. Fellows; Rttsfield, J. H. 
 Fellows; York, A. W. Hotchkins. 
 
 Executive Committee. — Charles A. Wines, David Depew, Mrs. N. H. Pierce, J. 
 D. Corey, Jason C. Gillett. 
 
 IN MEMORIAM. 
 
 Charles A. Chapin, of Ann Arbor, the necrologist of the society, 
 read his report of those who had died during a period of two years 
 past. The following is the report: 
 
 Wm. Dancer, born at Whitfield, Northhamptonshire, England, Oct. 31, 1779; 
 came to the United States in 1834 (May) and settled in Lima, about five miles south 
 of Dexter. A few years after he moved upon a farm about a mile and a half from 
 Dexter. In 1851 he removed to the village, where he remained till his death, which 
 occurred Aug. 16, 1878, at the age of 78 years. 
 
 Hon. Jas. Kingsley, born at Canterbury, Windham Co., Conn., Jan. 6, 
 1797. He settled in Ann Arbor in the summer of 1 826 ; admitted to the Bar of this 
 county June 18, 1827; appointed Judge of Probate in 1828, which office he held 
 eight years. Appointed a trustee of the University in 1831 ; a member of the Terri- 
 torial Legislature from 1830 to 1833. In 1837, 1848 and 18(59 he was a Representa- 
 tive in the State Legislature. In the State Senate, 1837, 183S and 1842, when he 
 drew the charter of the Michigan Central railroad. In 1850 he was a member of the 
 
488 HISTORT OF WA8HTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Constitutional Convention, and on the Judiciary Committee. In 1852 he was 
 elected Regent of the University, vrhich office he held for six yeai's. He was Mayor 
 of the city of Ann Arbor in 1855, the second under the charter. About six years 
 before his death he resided on a farm one mile east of Corunna, Shiawassee Co. He 
 died in Ann Arbor at the house of his daughter, Mrs. C. A. Chapin, on Saturday, 
 Aug. 17, 1878, aged nearly 83 years His funeral was held at the Episcopal church. 
 The remains were borne Ijy six old citizens, friends of the deceased — Hiram Arnold, 
 Collins B. Cook, Aretus Dunn, Dorr Kellogg, Loren Mills and Chas. Thayer. Rev. 
 Wyllys Hall officiated. No sermon was preached, but tributes to his memory, pre- 
 pared by ex-6ov. Felch, Judge Lawrence and Chas. A. Chapin, were read by Rev. 
 Mr. Hall. They all bore witness to the honesty, uprightness and high attainments 
 of Judge Kingsley. 
 
 Thos. Peatt, born at Pond Ridge, Westchester Co., N. Y., Oct. 31, 1808. In 
 1835, with his wife, he moved to Michigan and settled in Scio. He died in Dexter, 
 Aug. 24, 1878, aged 69 years. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Clements, born at Schuylerville, Saratoga Co., N. T., April 15, 1816; 
 died at Dixboro, August, 1878, aged 62 years. A resident of the township of Supe- 
 rior 39 years. 
 
 Joseph Wyckoff, born in Seneca county, N. Y., June 25, 1793; moved to the 
 townsliip of Superior in 1828; died Sep. 7, 1878, aged 85 years. 
 
 Mrs. Anna L. Coo'c, widow of the late Solon Cook, came to Ann Arbor in 1831; 
 died Sept. 10, 1878, at the age of 80 years. 
 
 Jacob Trumper, a resident of the township of Scio for 44 years, died at his home 
 Sept. 19, 1878. He was over 83 years old. 
 
 D. Alva Pratt, a native of Pawlet, Vermont ; moved to Michigan and settled in 
 ' the township of Pittsfield in 1 833 ; died at his home in this city (where he had lived 
 for three years) Sept. 19, 1878, at the age of 78 years. 
 
 Mrs. John Costello, an old resident of Dexter village, died Oct. 19, 1878. 
 
 Mrs. Julia Forne, died Oct. 23, 1878 aged 73 years ; a resident of Ann Arbor 
 town and city 48 years. 
 
 Wm. H. Besimer, a native of Tompkins Co., N. Y., moved to Ann Arbor in 1836; 
 died Oct. 28, 1878, aged 55 years. 
 
 Mark Burhans, an old resident of the township of Northfield, died Dec. 30, 1878, 
 aged 85 years and seven months. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth J. Appleton, from Enfield township, Tompkins Co., N. Y.,died 
 Nov. 29, 1878, aged nearly 69 years; a resident of Northfield for 47 years. 
 
 Owen McEntee, born in the county of Cavan, Ireland, June 3, 1768; he took part 
 in the Irish rebellion in 1793, and was taken prisoner. He died in the township of 
 Lyndon, Dec. 31, 1878, at the great age of 110 years. 
 
 Wm. F. Osius, born in Germany March 31, 1797; died Jan. 4, 1878, aged 81 years, 
 9 months and 15 days. Mr. Osius served in the' German army in 1814-'15, fighting 
 against the first Napoleon. Although not engaged in the battle of AVaterloo, he was 
 in hearing distance. In 1825 he emigrated to this country and settled in 1833 in the 
 township of Freedom. He was nine years Supervisor, and Justice of the Peace for 
 20 years. He removed to the township of Pittsfield in 1864, and resided there at the 
 time of his death. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Howard, wife of Michael Howard, of Northfield, died Jan. 4, 1879, 
 aged 67 years. She was born in the county of Cook, Ireland, and moved to Michi- 
 gan and settled in the township of Northfield in 1833. 
 
 Mrs. Sophia J. Sears, a native of Massachusetts, moved to the township of Sylvan 
 in 1837; died at the residence of htr sou, Thos. S. Sears, near Lima, Jan. 16, 1879, 
 aged 87 years. 
 
 Wm. E. Anderson, from Middletown, Orange Co., N. Y., a resident of Pittsfield 
 46 years, died Jan. 8, 18T9, at the age of 61 years, 3 months and 2 days. 
 
 Martin Ruggles, a prominent citizen of Augusta, died Jan. 10, 1879; a native of 
 the State of New York ; for many years he resided near the Stony Creek postoffice. 
 
 Prince Bennett, a well-known resident of Ypsilanti, and a prominent anti- 
 slavery man of olden time, died Dec. 26, 1878, aged 61 years. 
 , Calvin T. Fillmore, born at Sempronius, Cayuga Co., N. Y. , July 9, 1810 ; settled in 
 the township of Scio in 1837. He was a brother of ex-President Fillmore, and was 
 esteemed for his many estimable qualities. He died Jan. 14, 1879, in his 69th year. 
 
 Dr. Bennett F. Root, of the village of Manchester, a resident of ihat township for 
 40 years, died Jan 16, 1879, aged 75 years. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW CODNTV. 4:89 
 
 Frederick Lee, a pioneer of Washtenaw county, died Jan. 18, 1879, at the good old 
 age of 83 years, at his home in the township of Webster. 
 
 Hiram Arnold, of Scio, a native of Gorham, Ontario Co , N. Y., purchased his 
 land from the Government in 1835, moved upon it in 1827 and lived there until hia 
 death, Jan. 21, 1880. He had a large and extended acquaintance throughout the 
 State. His age was 80 years. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Moore, widow of the late Roswell Moore, died Jan. 32, 1879, aged 78 
 years; a resident of this city since 1832. 
 
 Stephen Smith, from Kidgefleld, Ct., died at his home in Pittsfield, Jan. 2G, 1879, 
 aged 74 years; settled in Pittsfield in 1853. 
 
 Sylvester D. Noble, of this city, died Jan. 28, 1879, aged 85 years. He was born 
 in Hoosick, N. Y., March 24, 1794; moved to Ann Arbor in 1834. Mr. Noble was 
 very active in the anti-slavery cause, and his home was many times a station on the 
 underground railroad. He was highly esteemed by all who knew him. 
 
 Hon. Andrew Robison, born in the town of Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1800; 
 moved to Michigan in 1841, and settled in the township of Sharon. He was several 
 times elected Supervisor and Justice of the Peace of Sharon. In 1859 he was 
 elected a Representative in the State Legislature as a Republican, which party he 
 joined at its organization, having previously been a Democrat. He was highly es- 
 teemed, both in public and private life, and was probably as well known as any man 
 in the county. He died Jan. 28, 1879, aged 79 years. His funeral was taken charge 
 of by the Commanderies of Ann Arbor and Adrian. He had been a Mason for 57 
 years. 
 
 Mrs. Paulina Hewett died in Ypsilanti Jan. 31, 1879; a resident of that city over 
 40 years. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, of this city, died Feb. 2, 1879, at the age of 94 years; a na- 
 tive of England. She came to Ann Arbor in 1836. 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte ^McDowell, widow of the late Samuel D. McDowell, of the town- 
 ship of Pittsfield, died Feb. 5, 1879, aged 79 vears. She settled in Pittsfield in 
 
 1834:. 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte Nicholas, a resident of Sharon for 47 years, died in this city Feb. 
 8, 1879, at the age of 83 years. 
 
 Jesse Culver, born in Palmyra, Wayne county, N. Y., May 5, 1807. He moved 
 to Michigan and settled in the township of York in May, 1835. He died Feb . 14, 
 1879, aged 73 years. 
 
 Wm. Grandy, of Scio, formerly from Livingston Co., N. Y., died Feb. 2], 1879, 
 aged 75 years; lived in Scio 36 years. 
 
 Ezra C. Seaman, born in Chatham, Columbia Co., N. Y., Oct. 14, 1805: moved 
 to Detroit in 1839, and to this city in the spring of 1854. From 1858 to 18li7 he 
 owned and edited the Ann Arbor Journal. (From 1854 to 1863 he was a law part- 
 ner of Tracy W. Root.) His first work, on the Progress of Nations, was published 
 in 1846, and a second edition in 1868. His next work, on the American System of 
 Government, was published in 1870, translated into French and published in Bel- 
 gium in 1872. In 1873 he published his Views of Nature. As a writer on political 
 economy and statistics he stood high. He died at his residence io this city, July 17, 
 1879, at the age of 74 years. His widow, Mrs. Marietta Seaman, died March 5, 1830. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Ganson, a native of Schoharie county, N. Y. , died at her home in Salem, 
 Sept. 12, 1879, aged 81 years. She lived in Salem 49 years. 
 
 Dr. Alexander Ewing, bom in the north of Ireland April 5, 1819. In 1833 his 
 family emigrated to Amf rica. He graduated from the Geneva M<?dical College in 
 1839, and settled in the township of Lima for the practice of his profession, and 
 moved to Dexter village in 1847, where he resided until his death, Sept. 17, 1879, 
 aged 60 years. In 1853 Dr. Ewing was chosen a representative in the State Legis- 
 lature, of which he was a prominent member. At the breaking out of the war of 
 the Rebellion he became surgeon of the 1 3th Michigan Infantry, and saw much hard 
 service. At the battle of Chlckamauga he was taken prisoner, and soon after be- 
 came an inmate of the celebrated Libby prison, where he endured the privations and 
 hardships of the prison. After his exchange he obtained a leave of absence to recruit 
 his health, at the expiration of which he returned to the front and served until mus- 
 tered out 'of service in the spring of 18G5. Dr. Ewing had a long list of warm 
 personal friends. He was buried from St. James' (Episcopal) church. Dexter, Sept. 
 30, 1879. The business of the village was entirely suspended during the funeral 
 ceremonies, and an immense concourse of friends followed his remains to the grave. 
 
 Wm. Height, a resident of Webster 43 years, died Sept. 20, 1879, aged 78 years. 
 
490 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Peter Tuite Dexter, came from Ireland in 1848 ; was Register of Deeds in 1864- 
 '66 ; County Clerk in 1874-76. He had many warm friends throughout the county. 
 He died suddenly at his residence in Dexter village, aged 50 years. 
 
 Chauncey Branch came from Genesee county, N. Y., to Ann Arbor in 1825; died 
 Nov. 13, 1879, aged 76 years. 
 
 Mrs. Mary J., widow of the late Robert I. Wheelock, died Nov. 17, 1879, aged 64 
 years; a resident of the tp. of Superior from 1881. 
 
 Sarah Ann, wife of David T. McCoUum, died Oct. 5, 1870, aged 73 years; re- 
 sided in Ann Arbor 33 years. 
 
 Sarah, wife of Barclay Mount, a resident of Ann Arbor 48 years ;,a native of 
 Canaudaigua, N. Y. Her age was 65 years. 
 
 Clarissa, wife of Wm. Babcock, of Webster ; resided 40 years in the tp. ; a na- 
 tive of St. Lawrence county, N. Y; aged 69 years. 
 
 Chas. Whitaker died at his residence in Lima, Dec. 12, 1879, aged 61 years. He 
 was born in Benton, Yates connty, N. Y., Nov. 16, 1818, and resided in Lima 43 
 years. He served with fidelity in all places of trust to which he was called. A large 
 circle of friends and neighbors will ever remember hi)n kindl}'. He was buried b}' 
 the Masonic fraternity Dec. 14, 1879. 
 
 Lemuel Clark, born in Windham, Greene Co., N. Y., March 11, 1803; moved 
 to this State with his family in November, 1885, spent that winter in Saline, and in 
 the spring of 1836 settled on a farm in the tp. of Pittsfield, about three miles from 
 Saline village. He died at bis residence Jan. 33, 1880, aged 78 years. Mr. Clark 
 was the father of Everett B. Clark, the present County Clerk. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Spoor, wife of Chas. Spoor, of this city, died Feb. 1, 1880, aged 65 
 years: a native of Hj'de Park, Dutchess Co., N. Y. She resided in Ann Arbor 43 
 j'fiars . 
 
 Gilbert Allen, of Lodi, was bom in Seneca county, N. Y., in 1807, and settled in 
 Lodi in 1886, on section 9. In 1853 he removed to section 3, and in 1867 to the 
 Orrin Howe farm, where he died in his 73d year. In his death the community were 
 called upon to mourn the loss of a good citizen and neighbor. He died March 17, 
 1880. 
 
 Jacob Storms, a native of Paterson, N. J., diedin Ann Arbor, March 2,1880, aged 
 67 years. He resided here 40 years. 
 
 Horace Lathrop, born in New Hampshire in 1806 ; moved to Pittsfield in 1832: 
 died March 6, 1 880, aged 74 years. 
 
 Hon. Albert K. Clark, of Saline, died at his residence Dec. 16, 1879. He was born 
 in New Jersey, Nov. 1, 1810; moved from Seneca county, N. Y., to Saline in 1836, 
 where he has since lived . He was a Representative in the State Legislature in session 
 of 1875, 
 
 Mrs. Martha Denton, widow of Dr. Samuel Denton, died April 3, 1880, after a 
 residence in this city of 51 years. She was a native of Harrisburg, Virginia. 
 
 Nelson J. Allporf , an old resident of Dexter village, died March 28, 1880, 
 
 John Coe died Feb. 3, 1880, aged 75 years ; an old citizen of the town of York. 
 
 Mrs, bilvina Herrick, a resident of Salem 47 years, died June 16, 1880, aged 76 
 years. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Carthy, 40 years in the tp. of Dexter, died July 2, 1880, at the age 
 of 76 years. 
 
 Mrs. Catharine Case, Scio, an early settler, died July 2, 1880, at the age of 83 years. 
 
 Barnabas Case, father of Sheriff Case, died in Manchester village July 3, 1880. 
 He settled there in 1836, and became one of the leading men of the place. In 1856 
 he was elected State Senator, the district then comprising five counties. He had 
 held at different times numerous township offices. He was 80 years old when he 
 died. 
 
 Aaron Case, a resident of Manchester since 1832, died July 10, 1880, aged 73 
 years. 
 
 Wm. Wheeler, one of the pioneers of Dexter tp., died July 13, 1880. 
 
 Wm. A.. Begole, one of the pioneers of Sylvan, died July 7, 1880, aged 74 years. 
 
 Patrick Murphy, for 46 years a resident of Northfield, died July 13, 1880, aged 
 81 years. 
 
 Edward Litchfield, died July 31, 1880, aged 81 years. In 1835 he moved from 
 New York State to Freedom; moved to Webster in 1849, and to Dexter in 1852, 
 where he died. 
 
 Mrs. Rebecca Congdon, born in the township of Salem, died at her residence Aug, 
 20, 1880, aged 47 years. 
 
s 
 
 o-^i^^^-i^-yyviA^ 
 
 ^i»-7-2 
 
IlIbTURY f)F WA81JTENAW (;OUNTY. 4-93 
 
 Mrs. Mary P. Townsend, widow of the late F. P. Townsend, of Superior, died 
 Aug. 22, ISyO ; resided there 44 years ; her age was 70 years. 
 
 Thos. H. Godfrey, aged 82; horn in Orange county, N. Y,, in 1798 ; settled in 
 Sylvan in 1834; died March 2!), 1880. 
 
 Mrs. Harriet Granger, born at West Springfield, Mass., .Tan. 3, 1797; settled in 
 Scio in 1834 ; died Aug. 17, 1880. 
 
 Louis L. James, born at Goshen, Mass.. May .1, 1805 ; died at his home at Dexter, 
 aged 75 years. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Fuller, born in Connecticut ; died Saturday, June 2G, aged 8(i vears. 
 
 Franklin R. C^opeland. born in Maine, Dec. 4, 1821 ; was resident of "Dexter - 
 died July 24, 1878. 
 
 Edward Litchfield, born March 12, 1779, in the town of Brooklyn, Windham Co. , 
 Conn. He settled in Freedom in ]8:!3, and afterward removed to Webster; died 
 July 31, 1880. 
 
 Geo. Mills, born in ^lassachusetts in 180Ij: settled in Saline in 1830. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE ]'IONEEK SOCIPITY. 
 
 Adams, Koanna, Ypsilanti, was born at Pittsford, Rutland Co. , Vt., Maj' 23 
 1814 ; came to this county in 1833. 
 
 Aprill, Jacob, was born in Tours, Germany, in 1803; came to Washtenaw 
 county July 2.5, 1833; present residence, Ann Arbor city. 
 
 Allen, George M., Manchester tp., was born in New Jersey, in 181'i : immigrated 
 to Washtenaw county in 1833. 
 
 Allen, J. C, Ann Arbor tp., was born in Augusta county, Va., Oct. 4, 1816 ; came 
 to the county, October, 1824. 
 
 AUmendinger, Charles, Lodi tp., was born in Lehigli county, Pa., in IS 19: immi- 
 grated to Washtenaw county, October, 1830. Farmer. 
 
 AUmendinger, !Mr.s. Elizabeth C, was born April, 1837, at Ann Arbor. 
 
 Allison, William, Pittsfleld tp., was born at Creneva, N. Y., in 1830; came to 
 county in 1831. Farmer 
 
 Allison, Mrs., Pittsfleld tp., was born at Geneva, N. Y. 
 
 Amsden, 3Irs. A., Ann Arbor, was born in Allegany county, N. Y., in 1834. 
 
 Amsden, Timothj', Ann Arbor, was born at Dover, Mass., April 2, 1808; came to 
 this county, June, 1837. Clerk. 
 
 Anderson, L. S., Pittsfleld tp., was born in Orange county, X. Y., Aug. 13, 1821 ; 
 came to Michigan in 1833. Farmer. 
 
 Andrews, Mrs. F., was born at Batavia, Genesee Co., N. Y., 1814; came to 
 Ypsilanti in 1831 or '32. 
 
 Arms, James B , was born at South Denfleld, Mass., Aug. 4, 1801 ; came to Web- 
 ster in May, 1832: present residence, AVebster tp. 
 
 Arnold, Hiram, Scio tp., was born in Columbia county, N. Y. , March 22, 1799: 
 came to the county, September, 1824. Deceased. 
 
 Arnold, Joseph, Dexter, was born at Hoosick, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., inl797; Came 
 to this State in 3Iay, 1826. Deceased. 
 
 Ashley, C. F., was born in New York in 1816; came to this State in 1846. 
 
 Babbitt, Florence S., Ypsilanti, was born in Allegany county, N. Y.; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1853. 
 
 Bach, Philip, Ann Arbor, was born in Germany, Oct. 20, 1820 ; emigrated to 
 Washtenaw county, November, 1835. Present occupation, merchant. 
 
 Bacheler, Hiram, was born in 1837; came to Michigan in 1850. Carriage-maker. 
 
 Baeon, J. H., was born in 1824; came to Michigan in 1830. Farmer. 
 
 Bagley, jenks C, Superior tp., was born in Luzerne county, Penn., In 1795; 
 came to Washtenaw county, Oct. 7, 1828. Farmer. 
 
 Balder, Betsey Ann, Sylvan tp., was born at Bolton, Wayne Co., N. Y., Jan. 
 24, 1815; came to this county in 1833. 
 
 Baldwin, Mary E., Sylvan tp., was bora in Lima township, Washtenaw Co. 
 
 Baldwin, T. W.,was bom in Vermont; came to Michigan in 1835. 
 
 Baldwin, Mrs. T. W., was born in Vermont; came to Michigan in 1835. 
 
 Baldwin, J. D-, Ann Arbor, was born at Baldwinsville, Cortland Co., N.Y., May 
 37, 1814; came to this county in 1835. Farmer. 
 
 Baldwin, Milo, Sylvan tp., was born at Whiting, Vt., Feb. 9, 1826 ; came to^Syl- 
 van September, 1835. Parmer. 
 31 
 
494 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Ball, Polly, Webster tp., was bom in Webster Feb. 3, 1814. 
 
 Bannand, A., York tp., was born in 1831- Farmer. 
 
 Barnard, Samuel, Ypsilauti, was born in New York May 20, 1837.; came to 
 Washtenaw county, November, 1831. Paper manufacturer. 
 
 Barnard, Mrs. Samuel, Ypsilanti, was born in Riga, N. Y., in 1830 ; came to this 
 county in 1833. 
 
 Basslee, J. P., Scio tp.,was born in Germany Jan. 13, 1834. Farmer. 
 
 Beach, William, Northfield tp., was born in Seneca county, N Y .; came to this 
 cbunty in 1833. 
 
 Beal, Rice A., was born at Macedon, Wayne Co., N. Y., Jan. 19, 1833 ; came to 
 Lima, "\\ashtenaw Co., October, 1833; present residence, Ann Arbor city. Occupa- 
 tion, publisher. 
 
 Beckley, Guy, Ann Arbor, was born in Ann Arbor village in 1S39. 
 
 Begole,"W. A., Sylvan tp., was born at Dansville, Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1806; 
 moved to this county in October, 1839. Deceased. 
 
 Begole, Elizabeth, Sylvan tp., was born in New Jersey in 1833; came to this 
 county in 1840. 
 
 Bennett, Harvey, Saline, was bora in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1825; came to 
 this county in 183.5. 
 
 Bennett, Joseph, was born in 1817 ; came to this county in 1831. 
 
 Bennett, Prince, was born in New York in 1813 ; came to Michigan in 1831. De- 
 ceased. 
 
 Benton, Eli, Lodi tp., was born in Massachusetts Nov. 33, 1800; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county. May 1, 1827. 
 
 Bicker, Lorado, Sylvan tp., was born in Rensselaerville, Albany Co., N. Y., in 
 1814; came to Sylvan, October, 1834. 
 
 Bird John C, Ann Arbor tp., was born in New Jersey in 1832 ; came to this 
 county in 1835. Farmer. 
 
 Bisbee, Isaac, Ann Arbor. 
 
 Bisbee, Mrs. Ann Arbor. 
 
 Blackman, Harvey, Sharon tp.; came to tliis county in 1833. 
 
 Blackraan, Adaline. 
 
 Bliss, Calvin Ann Arbor, was born in New York Jan. 33, 1813 ; came to this 
 county, June, 1834. Jeweler. 
 
 Bliss, Mrs. Calvin, Ann Arbor, was born in New York, 1816; came to this 
 county, 1834. 
 
 Bliss Mrs. Lucia. Deceased. 
 
 Bliss, D. W.. Ann Arbor, was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., April 33, 1803 ; came to 
 this county in June. 1833. 
 
 Blodgett, L. W.. was born at East Windsor, Hartford Co., Conn.. 1803; came to 
 Washtenaw county in June. 1836; present residence, Webster tp. Deceased. 
 
 Bond, Augustus Saline, was born in Lanesboro, Mass., in 1812. 
 
 Bond, Jonas, Saline, was born in Massachusetts in 1810; came to Washtenaw 
 count}', October. 1835. 
 
 Bciott P. H. Lyndon tp. was born at Ann Arbor, Aug. 25, 1830. 
 
 Boss, Randall, w^is born in 1812 ; immigrated to Washtenaw county in 1833. 
 
 Boss, Lucetta, Pittsfield tp., was born in Cayuga county, N. Y.; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county in 183fi. 
 
 Botsford, David, Salem tp., was born at Milford, Conn., May 6, 1804; came to 
 this county October, 1839. Parmer. 
 
 Boyd, Harvey C Sylvan tp., was born at Bloomingburg, Orange Co., N. Y., in 
 1809 ; came to this county in 1835. 
 
 Boyd, Mercy, Sylvan tp , was born at Kent, Putnam Co., N. Y., in 1810; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1837. 
 
 Boylan, A. E., Ann Arbor, was born Aug. 4, 1835. 
 
 Boylan. Moses M., was born at Amnell, Penn., Nov. 30, 1805; came to Washte- 
 naw county Aug. 39, 1830 : present residence, Ann Arbor city. Deceased. 
 
 Boylan, Mrs. Ro=anna. was born in 1808; came to Ann Arbor in 1830. 
 
 Boyden, Edward L., Webster, was born in Webster tp. April 1, 1831 ; came to 
 this county in 1831. Deceased. 
 
 Brainard, Eli L., Saline, was bojn in New York in 1831 ; came to this county in 
 1841. Retired farmer. 
 
 Branch, Chancey, Ann Arbor, was born in New York Oct. 3, 1803; came to this 
 county July 3, 1835. Deceased. 
 
HISTOKY 0F_ WASHTENAW COUNTY. 495 
 
 Branch, Phojbe D. Webster tp., was bom at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y 
 Aug. 3, 1819 ; came to Washtenaw county in 1843. 
 
 Branch, Mrs. Letta, was born in Orange county, N. Y., January, 1814 ; came to 
 Ann Arbor in 1832. ^ 
 
 Briggs, Garvey, Bexter, was born at New Milford, Conn., May, 1812; came to 
 Washtenaw county, October, ls;l3. 
 
 Brocaw, Catharine, was born in New York in 1809. 
 
 Brocaw, John, was born in Ntw York Sept. 9, 1809; came to this county in 
 1833. Deceased. 
 
 Brooks, J. W., Ann Arbor, was born April, 1799 ; came to the county in 1831. 
 
 Brown, F. B., Ann Arbor, was born in Ann Arbor city Oct. 20, 1810. Farmer. 
 
 Brown, Nathan D., Manchester tp., was born in New York August, 1808; came 
 to this State in 1835. 
 
 Brown, William. 
 
 Bruen, Maria, Dexter tp., was born in New York in 1819; came to this county 
 in 1840. 
 
 Bryan, Sarah, Ypsilanti, was born in Westmoreland, N. Y., in 1799 ; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1823. 
 
 Buckalew, Amanda, Webster tp., was born in Ontario county, N. Y., May, 
 1825 ; moved to the county in 1845. 
 
 Buckalew, A. A., Webster tp., was born in Monmouth county, N. J., June 12, 
 1822; came to this county in 1845 ■ Farmer. 
 
 Burchard, J. Manley, Sylvan tp., was born in Albany county, N. Y., in 1817; 
 came to Washtenaw county July 20, 1834. Retired farmer. 
 
 Burchard, Mrs. A. N., Sylvan tp., was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1839. 
 
 Burkhart, C. H., came to this State in 1833. 
 
 Burkhart, Mrs. C. H., came to Michigan in 1833. 
 
 Burnett, Ann E. Augusta tp., was born in Lodi, Michigan., Dec. 4, 1829. 
 
 Burnett, Calvin T., Lodi tp., was born in St. Lawrence county, N. Y., Nov. 14, 
 1824 ; came to this State July 2, 1832. Farmer. 
 
 Burnett, Mrs. Ann Eliza, Lodi tp., was born in that township Dec. 4, 1829. 
 
 Bush, Mrs. Polly, Ypsilanti, was born at Duanesburg, N. Y.; came to Washte- 
 naw county in 1 826. 
 
 Calkins, Annie K., Chelsea, was born in Dexter, Mich., in 1889. 
 
 Camp, A.B. 
 
 Camp, Mrs. 
 
 Camp, E. P., Ann Arbor tp., was born in Monroe county, N.Y., December, 
 1818 ; came to this county in 1833. 
 
 Camp, Mrs. 
 
 Campbell, Robert, Pittsfleld tp., was born in Scotland Dec. 13, 1835; came to 
 Washtenaw county, October, 1842. Ko H K i>> 
 
 Carpenter, Horace, was born at Groton, New Jewex, Dec. 1, 1805; came to 
 Washtenaw county May 12, 1826 ; present residence, Ann Arbor city. Retiied 
 farmer. 
 
 Carpenter, R., Superior tp., was born in Massachusetts March 19, 1806 ; came 
 to this coucty in November, 1844. 
 
 Carr, Henry A., Lima tp., was born in New York. 
 
 Carr, H. S., Lima tp., was born in New York, in 1821 ; came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1846. 
 
 Case, Arthur, Manchester, was born in Livingston county, N. Y., Nov. 13, 1817 ; 
 came to this county June 3, 1834. 
 
 Case, Albert, Manchester, wi)s born in Monroe county, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1831; 
 came to this county June 3, lt-34. 
 
 Case, A. W., was born in New York May 21, 1827; came to this State in 1837; 
 present residence, Lodi tp. 
 
 Case, A. Y., Scio tp., was born in New York April 2, 1837 ; came to this county 
 in 1831. 
 
 Case, Sarah B., Sciotp., was born in Massachusetts in 1831. 
 
 Gate, Franklin, Ann Arbor, was born in New Hampshire Feb. 7, 1807; came to 
 Michigan in 1860. 
 
 Gate, Mrs. Hannah M., was born at Paris Hill, Oneida Co., N. Y., 1807; came to 
 Ann Arbor in 1860. 
 
 Chandler, John, Coldwater, Mich., was born at Sempronius, N. Y., March 4, 1817; ^ 
 came to Washtenaw county June 14, 1828. 
 
496 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Chapiii, Charles A., was boru in Ogdensburg, N. Y., Aug. 1, 1830; came to 
 Washtenaw county June 18, 1833; present residence, Ann Arbor city. 
 
 Chase, Harriett, was born in New York Feb. 14, 1834; came to this county, June, 
 1831; present residence. Sylvan tp. 
 
 Chase, John M., Ann Arbor tp., was born in Otsego county, N. Y., April 35, 1813; 
 came to Washtenaw county May, 1837. 
 
 Chase, Mrs. J. M., was born in Massachusetts. 1832; came to Ann Arbor in 1847. 
 
 Chase, Mrs. Lettice, Ypsilanti, was born at Knowlesville, Orleans Co., N. Y., in 
 1833; came to Michigan in May, 1837. 
 
 Chase, S. I., Sylvan tp., was born in New York Jan. 11, 1805; came to this county 
 in June, 1833. 
 
 Clieever, Mrs. Adelia ('. Noble, was born in Ann Arbor April 3, 1844. 
 
 Chicken, Jolin, Ypsilanti tp., was born in England; emigrated to Michigan in: 
 1846. 
 
 Childs, J. Webster, Augusta tp., was born in New Hampshire June 16, 1836; came 
 to this county September, 1848. 
 
 Church, C. C, Ann Arbor, was born at Avon, N. Y,, Feb. 18, 1834; came to this 
 State in 1830. 
 
 Churchill, Mrs. Amy, Ypsilanti, was born in Niagara county, N. Y.; came to this 
 State in 183B. 
 
 Clark, A. K., Superior tp. 
 
 Clark, Edward, was born in Derby, New Haven Co., Conn., Feb. 5, 1807; came 
 to Washtenaw county in May, 1837; present residence, Ann Arbor city. Occupa- 
 tion, Justice of the Peace. 
 
 Clark, J.F., Dexter tp., was born in New Hampshire in 1811: came to this county 
 in 1835. 
 
 Clark, Lemuel, Fittsfield tp., was born in Greene county, N. Y., May, 1803; came 
 to this county November, 1835. 
 
 Clark, Mrs. Lydia M., Ypsilanti, was born in Delaware county, N. Y., came to 
 this county in 1839. 
 
 Clark, Martin, Ann Arbor, was born in New York July 19, 1818; came to this 
 county, September, 1853. 
 
 Clark, Mary H., Ann Arbor, was born at Auburn, N. Y., June 35, 1813; came to 
 Washtenaw county June 1 , 1832. 
 
 Clark, William B., was born in 1815; came to Michigan in 1849. 
 
 Clawson, M., was born in New York in 1808; emigrated to Michigan in 1830. 
 
 C'lements, Charles, Lima tp., was born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 1823; came to 
 this county in August, 1835. 
 
 Clements, C. P., Superior tp. 
 
 (,'lements, Samuel, Northville, Wayne Co., was born in Seneca, Ontario Co., N. 
 Y. ; came to this county Aug. 4, 1825. 
 
 Cobb, G. A., York tp., was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1813; came to 
 Washtenaw Co. in 1835. 
 
 Coe, George, York tp., was born in Washtenaw county Sept. 11, 1838. 
 
 Coe, Henry, York tp., was born in York, Mich., in 1839. 
 
 Cole, Nelson B., Ann Arbor, was born at Ovid, N. Y., in 1835; came to Michi- 
 gan in May, 1850. 
 
 Collins, J. H., Lyndon tp., was born in Wayne county, N. Y., May 30, 1814; 
 came to this county in 1830. 
 
 Collins, Mrs Mary, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., 1799 ; came to Ann Arbor 
 in 1833. 
 
 Collins, Moses, Ann Arbor, was born in New York April, 1795 ; came to this 
 county April, 1834. 
 
 Collins, Moses P., Pittsfield tp., was born in Brandon, Vt., in 1795 ; came to this 
 State in 1834 
 
 Collins, Mrs. 
 
 Conant, J. W., was born in New York in March, 1801; came to this county. 
 May, 1803. 
 
 Conklin, C. T., Sylvan tp., was born in Sylvan Dec. 31, 1831. 
 
 Conklin, Mrs. E. E., was born at Richfield, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1808; came to 
 Sylvan tp. September, 1837. 
 
 Conklin, Nancy E., Sylvan tp., was born in Steuben county, N. Y.,in 1833; 
 came to this county in 1845. 
 
HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. J:(»7 
 
 Conklin, Normau L., Bridgewater tp., was born in New York in 1808- came to 
 Michigan in 1833. 
 
 Covert, A. B., Ypsilanti tp., was born in Seneca county, N. Y., June 27, 1807 ; 
 came to tliis county in March, 1834. 
 
 Covert, Normia B., Ann Arbor, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y. ; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1844. 
 
 Cowan, John W., ISliaron tp., was born in New Y'ork ; came to A\'ashtenaw coun- 
 ty In February, 1838. 
 
 Coy, Horace, Northfleld tp., was born in Vermont Oct. 1.5, 1810 ; came to this 
 county June 2, 1832. 
 
 Conover, jNtrs. Jiai'v, was born in Canandaigua, N. 1'., 1S24 : came to Ann 
 Arbor, 1835. 
 
 Cook, Collins B., Ann Arbor, was born March 11, 1808 ; came to "Washtenaw C^o 
 March, 1837. 
 
 Cook, John, York tp., was born in Ontario county, N.Y., in 1830 ; immifjrated to 
 Washtenaw county in May, 1830. 
 
 Coou, David, Y'psilanti, was born in Livingston county, N. Y"., in 1806; came to 
 this State in 1835. 
 
 Corey, J. D., Manchester tp., was born in Onondaga county, K. Y., April 11^ 
 1816; came to this county May, 1833. 
 
 Cornwell, Ira, Ann Arbor, was born at Rochester, N. Y., July 25, 1817; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1826. 
 
 Crabbe, Harriet J., was born in Ulster county. N. Y., 1825 : came to Ann Arbor 
 in 1832. 
 
 Crabbe, William, Ann Arbor, was born in England, Jlarch 11, 1833 : came to 
 Washtenaw county Aug. 26, 1853. 
 
 Crane, Alexander D., Dexter, was born at Mentz, Caj'uga Co., N. Y., Oct. 5, 
 1809 ; came to Ann Arbor Nov. 24, 1827. 
 
 Crane, Charles T., Bridgewater tp., was born in New York, in 1814 ; immigrated 
 to Washtenaw county in 1834 
 
 Crane, Helen L. 
 
 Cranson, E., Webster tp., was horn in Madison county, N. Y., March 30., 1820 ; 
 came to this county in May, 1830. 
 
 Crittenden, Allen, Pittslield tp., was born in 1810 ; came to Michigan in 1831. 
 
 Crittenden, Clarissa E., Dexter tp., was born in Washtenaw county in 1833. 
 
 Crippen, Daniel, Superior tp.. was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., 1794 ; came 
 to this county in 1827. 
 
 Crippen, Ichabod, Superior tp., was born in 1807; came toMichigan in 1831. 
 
 Crippen, Ml 8. J., Superior tp ., was born in New Y''ork April 2, 1832 ; came to 
 this county in 1830. 
 
 Croarkin, John, Dexter, was born in Ireland in 1827 ; came to this count}' in 
 Septemper, 1847. 
 
 Cross, Alvin, was born in Perry, Genesee Co., N. Y. Aug. 11, 1803 ; came to 
 Washtenaw county March, 1824 ; present residence, Ypsilanti citj'. 
 
 Culver, O., Saline, was born in New York May 13, 1819; came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1835. 
 
 Cushman, Samuel. 
 
 Davidson, Mrs. Mary P., was born Aug. 31, 1807 ; came to Ann Arlior Aug. 16, 
 1835. 
 
 Davis, C. M., Sylvan tp., was born in Lodi tp. in 1836. 
 
 Davis, Mrs. C. M., Sylvan tp., was born in Lodi tp. in 1842. 
 
 Davis, Lorenzo, was born at Covington, N. Y., April 29, 1812; came to Ypsi- 
 lanti June, 1828; present residence, Ann Arbor tp. Occupation, farmer. 
 
 Davis, Lucy W., Sylvan tp., was born at Cornwall, Addison Co.. Vt., Sept. 10, 
 1809 ; came to this State in September, 1833. 
 
 De Forrest, Aaron, Ann Arbor, was born in Amsterdam, N. Y . Dec. 17, 1819 ; 
 came to Washtenaw county June, 1830. Present occupation, hotel clertt. 
 
 DeForest, A. G., Ann Arbor, was born in Livingston county, N. Y., in 1814; 
 came to Michigan April, 1855. 
 
 DeForest. Mercy, Ann Arbor, was born in Monroe county, N. Y'., in 1835; came 
 to this county in October, 1888. 
 
 Dell, William H., Saline was born in Massachusetts in 1830; came to the county 
 in 1845. 
 
498 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Depue, David, Pittsfield tp., was born in Seneca county, N. Y., Feb. 11, 1808; 
 came to this county May, 1836. 
 
 Depue, Mrs. Harriet M., was born at Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y. ; came to Ann 
 Arbor in 1834. 
 
 Dickson, D. R. 
 
 Diclison, Mrs. 
 
 Derby, S. S., Ypsilanti, was born March 6, 1805 ; came to Michigan in 1827. 
 
 Dillon, Mrs., Lodi tp., was born in Ontario county, N. Y., 1831. 
 
 Doan, Mrs. Emily, Dexter tp., was born in Massachusetts in 1803; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county in 1835. 
 
 Doty, A. M., Ann Arbor, was born at Rochester, N. Y. , July 28, 1838 ; came to 
 Washtenaw county m June, 1836. 
 
 Doty, L. R., Ann Arbor, was born Dec. 18, 1802; came to this county May 14, 
 1836. 
 
 Douglass, H. 8., was born in Grafton, N. Y., in 1827; came to Washtenaw countv 
 October, 1835. 
 
 Downer, Dr. John J., Superior tp. 
 
 Draw, Henry A., Ann Arbor, was born at Lima, Livingston Co., N. Y., June 14, 
 1830 ; came to this county April 10, 1836. 
 
 Dunn, Arteus, Ann Arbor, was born at St. Albans, Vt. , March 23, 1814: came to 
 this county Aug. 24, 1831. 
 
 Dunn, Isaac, Pittsfield tp., was born at Batavia, N. Y., April 6, 1810; came to 
 the county May, 1831. 
 
 Durand, J. PI., Chelsea, wns born in Seneca county, N. Y., 1813 : came to the 
 county in June, 1835. 
 
 Easton, Charles, Lima tp., was born in New Jerse}' in 1800 ; came to Washtenaw 
 county in ilay, 1854. 
 
 Eastwood, N. 
 
 Edmunds, X,. Ann Arbor, was born in New York July 3j, 1813 : came to the 
 State in 1837. 
 
 Ellis, David D., was born in 1808; came to Washtenaw county in 1833. 
 
 Emerick, B., Ypsilanti, was born in New York 3Iarch 9, 1817 : came to this 
 county May 17, 1851. 
 
 Everett, Jay, Sharon tp., was born in Superior tp. Oct. 3, 1837. 
 
 Everetts, Susan A., was born in New York in 1838 ; came to this county in 
 1833. 
 
 Ewing, Alexander, Dexter, was born in Londonderry, Ireland, April 5, 1819 ; 
 emigrated to Washtenaw county June, 1840. 
 
 Felch, Alpheus, was born in Limerick, York Co., Maine, Sept. 38, 1803; came to 
 the State in 1833, and to Washtenaw county in 1843 ; present residence, Ann Arbor. 
 Occupation, Professor in Law Department, Michigan University. 
 
 Feloh, Eliza C, Ann Arbor, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1840: came to 
 Michigan in 1843. 
 
 Fellows, Charles il., Sharon tp., was born in Michigan in 1835. 
 
 Fellows, Bmeline N., Sharon tp., was born at Plymouth, Mich , in 1837 ; moved 
 to this county in October, 1837. 
 
 Fellows, F. A., Saline, was born in New York in 1810; came to this county in 
 1835. 
 
 Fellows, Harriet, Saline, was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., in ISOli: came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1830. 
 
 Fellows, J. H., Ann Arbor, was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., April 14, 1809 ; 
 came to Michigan in 1836. 
 
 Fellows, Sophia, Sharon tp., was born in Jlonroe county, N- Y., in 1804: came 
 to this State Octotier, 183'1. 
 
 Field, Maria B. 
 
 Fillmore, C. T., Scio tp., was born in New York. Julv 9, 1810; came to this 
 county Nov. 34, 1835. 
 
 Fillmore, Mrs. Miranda, was born in Tioga, Penn., 1810 : came to Ann Arbor 
 Nov. 24. 1835. 
 
 Finley, D. M., was born in Genesee county, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1830; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county Oct. 10, 1847. 
 
 Finley, — S., Ypsilanti, was b>rn at Geneseo, Living.stoa Co., N. Y., in 1819 
 came to this county in March, 1847. 
 
 Finley, ,Iane T., Ypsilanti, was barn in Superior tp. August, 1826. 
 
HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTV. 499 
 
 Fischer, Mrs. Mary AUmendinger, wiis born in Wnrteiiiburg, Germany, Aui;-. 39, 
 1829; came to Ann Arbor iu 1833. 
 
 Fisli, Cliarle.i B., Lodi tp., was born in New Yorlc, in 1809; came to this connty 
 in 18f)3. 
 
 Fisher, Mrs. Mary A., Ann Arbor, was born in Germany Aut;. 39, 1839; came 
 to Michigan in Marcli, 18;!2, 
 
 Fleming, Mrs. Clara, Ypsilanti, was born in OrlennH euimty, N. Y., in 181.T : came 
 to Washtenaw connty, ]\lay, 1839. 
 
 Fleming, William A., Ypsilanti, was born in Ypsilanti Feb. 31, ln:''2. 
 
 Fleniming, (:iinrles, Yp.silanti, was born at Itumulns, N. Y., Oct. :!0, 181H; came 
 to the county May IT, 1S3T. 
 
 Footo, (ic'drije .ij., Ypsilanti. was born in New York April !(!, 1815 ; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 18;i7. 
 
 Forsyth, F. L., Augusta Ip., was born in C'onnceticut May l.T, 18(10 ; came to 
 Washtenaw county .Tunc, 18:i(). 
 
 Foster, Isaac N. S., Ann Arbor, was born in New York Dec., 18JT ; came to the 
 county May. 183(1. 
 
 Foster, . I ulins A., Adrian, was born in New York April 4, 1834; came to the 
 county May, 18;i(i. 
 
 Foater, Lemuel, Ann Arbor tp.. was born March 11, 1793; came to Washtenaw 
 county, May, 183(i. 
 
 Foster, Mary E., Ann Arbor, was born in Onondago county, N. Y., .Innc '.', ISL'.IJ; 
 came to the county June, 18','(i. Occupation, lawyer. 
 
 Foster, Mrs. Mary, was born in Orange county, N. Y., Aug. 13, 1SI8 ; came to 
 Scio tp. in 18;i9. 
 
 Fowler, Nelson M,, Saline, was born in New York in 1S:J1 ; came to the county 
 in is:i3. 
 
 Fowler, Niirman G., Saline, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1800 ; moved 
 to this county in May, 1.h:!2. 
 
 Frazei-, M. E , . 
 
 Freer, Alva, Limatp., wasborn in Ontario county, N. Y., in 1813 ; came to \\ ash- 
 tenawcounly May lit, 18:!.S. 
 
 Freer. Phoebe Ann, Linni tp., was born in Penn Yan, Yates Co., N. Y., in 1815; 
 came to Lima May 10, 1838. 
 
 Fuller, Josiali N., York tp , wasborn in Wayne county, N. Y., in 1814; came to 
 \Vaslil<'naw ciiunly Sejitemler, !s;!3. 
 
 Gage, Henry, Yiisilanti, waslioni in New York, Oct. 14, 1S17; came to this county 
 in 1817. 
 
 Gage, William, Su[)eri(a- l|i,, was born at On(4da, >f. Y., July I, 1834 ; came to 
 this county iu Ih:!4. 
 
 Gale, George \V . , Su|ieri(jr tp., was lioru at Albany, N. Y., .M;iy 5, 1814 ; came 
 to this county July 4, 183H. 
 
 Qalispe, Cornelius, Ann Arbor, was born in Washington county, N. Y., iu 1810 ; 
 came to Washlcu'iw county Alay, 18:50. 
 
 Galpin, Mrs., was born in Dutchess county, N.V., 1800 ; came to Superior tp. iu 
 1833. 
 
 Galpin, Philo, Superior tp., was born Feb. 10, 1804; came td the county Sept. 
 15, 1883. 
 
 Gault, John 7>l . 
 
 Qeddes, John, was born in Londonderry, Ijebanou ('o.. Pa., ]\l;ircli 19, 1801; 
 came to Washtenaw county July 13, 1834; i>rcscnt residence, Ann Arbor tp. Occu- 
 pation, fai'mcr. 
 
 Geddes, Robert L., Superior tp. 
 
 Geddes, Airs. 
 
 Gecr, William. 
 
 Gidley, Edwin B., Ann Arbor, was born in Cayuga county, N. V., Feb. 11, 1831; 
 came to this county May 13, 1837. 
 
 Gill, Kicliard, was born in England 1800; emigrated to Mic-liigan in 1830. 
 
 Gippen, II. S., Superior tp., was born at Berne, -Mbany Co., N. V.; came to this 
 county November, 1837. 
 
 Glassier, Robert B., Ann Arbor, was born Aug. 14,1818; came to Washtenaw 
 county September, 1835. 
 
 Godfrey, David, Ann Arbor, was born in New York Feb. 20, 1800 ; came to this 
 county in 1830. 
 
500 HISTOBY OF -WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Godfrey, D. L., Ann Arbor tp., was born in Ontario county, N.Y., Aug. 37, 1837; 
 came to Washtenaw county in 1833. 
 
 Godfrey, Thomas H., Chelsea, was born at Sylvan, Orange Co., N. Y., in 1798; 
 came to this county in 1830. 
 
 Gooding, O., York tp. 
 
 Gooding, Mrs., York tp. 
 
 Goodrich, A. H., Saline, was born in Connecticut in 1805 ; came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1831. Present occupation, hotel landlord. 
 
 Goodrich, Morell, was born in Conway, Mass., Feb. 18, 1813; immigrated to 
 this county with parents in 1827 ; present residence, Lima tp. Occupation, farmer. 
 
 Goodspeed, T. B., was born in 182.5 ; came to Michigan in 1836. 
 
 Gott, John N., Ann Arbor, was born in Amherst, N. Y., Feb. 4, 1814; came to 
 the county in June, 1832. , 
 
 Graves, Martha J., Ypsilanti, was born in Seneca county, N.Y., in 1833; came to 
 this county July 7, 1838 . 
 
 Gray, Dr. Amos, Dexter, was born in^'ermont in 1804; came to this county July 
 4, 1832. 
 
 Graves, Frederick A., Ypsilanti, was born in Ypsilanti in 1831. 
 
 Gregory, William 51., was born at Sand Lake, New York, March 23, 1804 ; came 
 to this county in 1833 : present residence, Saline. Retired farmer. 
 
 Guthrie, INIrs. Harriet, was born Nov. 33, 1818 ; came to Ann Arbor in 1833. 
 
 Guerin, Amanda, was born in New York, and came toWashtenaw county in 1836. 
 
 Guerin, D., Dexter tp., was born in New York in 1807 ; came to this county in 
 1831. 
 
 Hall, Mrs. Martha, was born in Tioga county, N.Y., June 11, 1833: c-ime to Ann 
 Arbor in j\[ay, 1824. 
 
 Hamilton, Warren, Ann Arbor, was born June 18, 1816; came to 'Washtonaw 
 county in .June, 1833. 
 
 Hammond, .J. S., Ypsilanti, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., 1807; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1834. 
 
 Hanar, Matthew, Ann Arbor, was hern in England March 6, 182.'i ; came toWash- 
 tenaw county Sept. 23, 1853. 
 
 Harran, Thomas, was born in Ireland in 1819; emigrated to Michigan in 1834. 
 
 Harrau, Margaret, was born in Steuben county, N. Y. ; came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1830. 
 
 Harrington, James C, Chelsea, was born in Seneca county, N. \ ., in 18)7; came 
 to this county in 1834. 
 
 Harrison, Lark, Pittsfield tp., was born at Norfolk, England, in 1811; emigrated 
 to Washtenaw county July, 1844. 
 
 Harrison, Fanny, Pittsfield tp., was born at Norfolk, England; emigrated to 
 Washtenaw county July, 1844. 
 
 Hatch, William F., Sylvan tp., was born in St. Lawrence county, N. Y. ; came to 
 Michigan January, 1837. 
 
 Hathaway, J., York tp., was born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 1806; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1833. 
 
 Hay, J. W., Pittsfield tp., was born in Pittsfield, Mich., in 1833. 
 
 Henderson, John S, Pittsfield tp., was born atRoyalton, N.Y., Ma}' 4, 1836;came 
 to this county, Oct. 9. 1835. 
 
 Hentzel, Mrs. Sophia, was born at Stuttgart, German j' ; came to Ann Arbor, 1834. 
 
 Hicks, H. N,, Ann Arbor tp., was born in Washtenaw county. 
 
 Hines, C. H.,S}'lvan tp., was born in Vermont Nov. 35, 1883". 
 
 Hinkley, Franklin, was born in this count}' in 1836 
 
 Hiscock, Daniel, was born in Pennsylvania Sept. 15,1819. 
 
 Holbrook, A., Saline, was born in Vermont Sept. 7, 1809; came to this county in 
 1844 
 
 Holmes, Anna G., Ypsilanti ; came to Washtenaw county in 1844. 
 
 Holmes, Mrs. Cornelia, Scio tp., was born in Shelby, N. Y., July 4, 1831! : came 
 to Michigan in 1830 . 
 
 Holmes, Deusilla, Ypsilanti tp., was born in Ontario county, N. Y. ; came to 
 Michigan in 1844 
 
 Holmes, F. W., Sciotp., was born at Lansing, Cayuga county, N. Y., Nov. 16, 
 1816; came to the county in May, 1833. 
 
 Holmes, Heman, Ypsilanti tp , was born in Orleans county, Vermont; came to 
 this county in 1844. 
 
HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 501 
 
 Holmes, J. R., Ypsilanti, was born in Lapeer county, Mich., March 7, 1887; 
 came to the county in 1844. 
 
 Holmes, J. R., Mrs., was born in Ypsilanti, 1834. 
 
 Holmes, Jonathan R., Manchester tp. , was born in New York June 25, 1820; 
 came to Washtenaw county in 1835. 
 
 Holmes, Lettie S. , Pittsfleld tp. 
 
 Holmes, Thomas. Pittsfleld tp. 
 
 Homer, J. N., was born in 1811; came to Michigan in 1833. 
 
 Hotchkins, A. H., Yorktp., was born in New York; came to this county in 1839 
 
 Houston, John, Pittsfleld, tp., was born in 1809 ; came to Michigan in 1837. 
 
 Howard, LeviT., Saline tp., was born in Oswego county, N. Y.,' April 11, 1819; 
 came to Washtenaw county, July, 1839. 
 
 - Howe, Mrs. Almira North, was born in Ulster county, N. Y , in 1830; came to 
 Lodi tp., 1836: removed to Ann Arbor in 1864. 
 
 Howell, Chsu-les, Dexter township, was born in N. Y., in 1830; came to Washte- 
 naw Co. in 1831 . 
 
 Howland, J. S. , Ann Arbor, was bom in Ann Arbor, June 18, 1830. 
 
 Howlen, John, was born in 1797 ; came to this State in 1837. 
 
 Hoy, Patrick, Webster township, was born in Ireland in 1836 ; came to Washte- 
 naw Co , September, 1834. 
 
 Hulburt, Mrs. Prances, Ann Arbor, was born in Connecticut, April 3, 1817 ; came 
 to Michigan in 1836. 
 
 Hulbert, Mrs. R. R., was born in Vermont in 1813. 
 
 Hulbert, William, Ann Arbor, was born in Connecticut, Oct. 30, 1797 ; came to 
 this county Oct. 18, 1838. 
 
 Hunt, T., Lodi tp., was born in Lodi, Mich, in 1837. 
 
 Huston, Mrs. Sarah, was born in 1810 ; came to Ann Arbor in 1830. 
 
 Ide, B., Miss, was born in Massachussets, June 6, 1831, came to this county 
 March, 1883. 
 
 Ingalls, Peter B., Ann Arbor, was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., April 7, 1814; came 
 to the county in 1830. 
 
 Irish, Joseph D., Ann Arbor, was born in Rhode Island, May 13, 1813; came to 
 the county. May 18, 1833. 
 
 Ives, Mrs. Sarah, Ypsilanti ; was born at Varrock, N. Y. ; came to Ypsilanti in 
 18.33. 
 
 Ives, Samuel C4., Chelsea, was born in New York, Dec. 31,1813; moved to Wash- 
 tenaw county in 1835. 
 
 James, Luther, Ann Arbor, was born in Massachusetts, .July 18, 1803; came to this 
 county in 1835 . 
 
 Jewett, H. A., Saline, was born in Livingston county, N, Y., in 1831; came to 
 the county in 1 833. 
 
 Jewett, Thomas, was born in Sullivan county, N. H., in 1818; came to Michigan 
 in 1839. 
 
 Johnson, George. 
 
 Johnson, Harrison, Bridgewater tp., was born in N. Y. in 1813 ; came to Washte- 
 naw county in 1837. 
 
 Johnson, Mary J., Dexter tp , was born in New York in 1836; came to this 
 State in 1838. 
 
 Johnson, N. H., Dexter tp., was born in New York in 1818 ; came to Washtenaw 
 "county in 1833. 
 
 Johnson, Olive A, Dexter, was born at Bennington, ^'t., in 1797; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county. May, 1843. 
 
 Johnson, Stephen G , Scio tp., was born in Upper Canada, 1817 ; moved to Wash- 
 tenaw county June 4, 1837. 
 
 Johnston, John W., Ann Arbor, was born in that city. 
 
 Johnston, Mrs., Ann Arbor. 
 
 Jones, Mrs. Eliza, was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., 1805 ; came to Ann Arbor in 
 1831. 
 
 Jones, William A., Dexter tp , was born at New Lisbon, Otsego Co., N. Y., Oct. 
 3, 1811 ; came to the county July 17, 1833. 
 
 Joslin, Chauncey, Ypsilanti, was born in New York in 1881 ; came to this State 
 in 1837; present occupation, lawyer. 
 
502 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Joslin, D. M , was born in Madison county, N. Y., April 29, 1816; came to the 
 county in 1844. 
 
 Judd, Mrs., Ann Arbor, was born in Orange county, N. Y.. 1805; came to 
 Sallna (?) 
 
 Kellogg, Dorr, was born at Kelloggsville, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Feb. 8,1799; came 
 to Washtenaw county Sept. 29, 1836. Present residence, Ann Arbor city. 
 
 Kent, Daniel, Manchester tp., was born in Ohio in 1805; came to this county in 
 July, 1833. 
 
 Kerr, Alexander, was born in New York May 20, 1799 ; came to this county in 
 1839. 
 
 Keys, Mrs. Jane, Chelsea, was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., March 31, 1818; came 
 to this Stale in 1834. 
 
 Kimmel, L. L., Superior tp., was born at Kaskaskia, 111., in 1819; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county in 1825. > 
 
 Kingsley, Mrs. Jane W., Manchester tp., was born in England, in 1813; emigrated 
 to Michigan in 1830. 
 
 Knapp, f'hauncey, was born in Connecticut, in 1798; came to this State in 1830. 
 
 Krapp, Conrad, Ann Arbor, was born in Germany, Jan. 15, 1810; emigrated to 
 Washtenaw county, June 12, 1837. 
 
 Lamb, Eliza M., Ypsilanti, was born at Hardwick, Caledonia county, Vt., in 
 1811; came to Michigan in October, 1834. 
 
 Lambie, William, Superior tp., was born in Scotland; emigrated to this State in 
 1839. 
 
 Lamphere, A., Webster tp., was born in Columbia county, N. Y., in 1801; came 
 to this county in October. 1830. 
 
 Lamphere, Mrs. Lavinia, Webster tp , was born at Catham, Columliia, Co, N. 
 Y., August, 1800. 
 
 Laraway, H., Northfleld tp., was born in New York, Oct. 31, 1832; came to this 
 cnunty, October, 1839. 
 
 Lathrop, Horace, Ann Arbor, was born N. H., Feb. 10, 1806; came to this county, 
 Sept. 11, 1832. 
 
 Lay, Ezra D., was born in Saybrook, Conn., Dec. 6, 1807; came to Washtenaw 
 county, October, 1833; present residence, Ypsilanti tp. 
 
 Lazell, George, Bridgewater tp., was born in Mass., in 1799; came to this State in 
 1835. 
 
 Lears, John, Ann Arbor, was born in Webster, Washtenaw Co., Oct. 13, 1833. 
 
 Lee, Frederick, Webster tp., was born in (.hittenden county, Vt., in 1795; came 
 to this county in the autumn of 1834. 
 
 Lee, Nancy, Webster tp., was born in Cayuga county, N, Y., in 1804; came to 
 Washtenaw county, June, 1830. 
 
 Leeland, Noi'thfield tp. , was born in Northfleld tp., March 36, 1845. 
 
 Lecland, J. G., Ann Arbor, was born in Madison county, N. Y., July 19, 1805: 
 came to Washtenaw county. May 12, 1831. 
 
 Lemmon, C. H., Lima tp., was born in Seneca county, N. Y., 1829; came to Wash- 
 iiaw county, May, 1830. 
 
 Leonard. Mrs. A. 
 
 Lindsley, Joseph A., was born in Salem, Mass., 1843; come to Washtenaw county, 
 April 26, 182fl. 
 
 Litchfield, Alvah, Webster tp.,was born in Conn., in 1834; moved to Washtenaw 
 county in 1831. 
 
 Loveder, Clement, was born in England in 1786; emigrated to Michigan in 1826. 
 
 Lyon, Lorenzo M., was born in New York city; came to Washtenaw county, 
 Nov. 30, 1830. Present residence, Ann Arbor city. 
 
 Magoula, Isaac, Manchester tp., was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., Aug. 9, 
 1818; came to Michigan in 1837. 
 
 Mallett, Edmund N., New Boston, Wayne Co., was born in Bennington county, 
 Vt.; came to Washtenaw county, July 4, 1834. 
 
 Mann, Emanuel, Ann Arbor, was born in Stuttgart, Germany, June 4, 1814; came 
 to Washtenaw county, June, 1830. Occupation, druggist. 
 
 Manifold, William, Saline, was born in York Co., Pa., 1795: came to this county, 
 June, 1834. 
 
 Mansfield, Claudius, Bridgewater tp., was burn in Monroe county, N. Y., 1815; 
 came to Washtenaw county, October, 1833. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 503 
 
 Markham, Augustus H., was born in Haryone Co., Conn., Oct. 27, 1807; came to 
 Washtenaw county, May, 1836; present residence, Ann Arbor. 
 
 Martin, H. D., Ypsiianti, was born in Ypsilanti, 1837. 
 
 Mason, Erastus P., Webster tp., was born in Orleans Co., N. Y.,' in 1827; immi- 
 grated to this county in August, 1832. 
 
 Maston, J. T., was born In Oswego county, N. Y., in 1810 ; came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1834. 
 
 Mathews, Roger, Ann Arbor, was born in Northampton, England, in 1812 ; came 
 to Ann Arbor in 1835. 
 
 Mattison, Mrs. K., Ann Arbor tp., was born at Holland's Purchase, N. Y., Nov. 
 15, 1816. 
 
 McCall, Hugh Delhi Mills. 
 
 McCormick, C, was born in 1824 ; came to Michigan in 1825. 
 
 McOormick, James L., Ypsilanti, was born in New York, Nov., 1827 ; came to 
 this county in 1829. 
 
 McCreery, William, Ann Arbor, was born in the Emerald Isle, Aug. 12, 1814 ; 
 immigrated to Washtenaw county May 17, 1834. 
 
 McDougall, George, Superior tp., was born October, 1801 ; came to this county 
 Nov., 1828 
 
 McDougall, Malcom, Bridgewater tp., was born in New York ; immigrated to 
 Washtenaw county in 1838. 
 
 McDowell, C. N., was born in Orange county, N. Y. in 1800 ; came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1824. 
 
 McDowell, Mrs. S. D., was bom m Orange county, N. Y., July 18, 1800; came 
 to Ann Arbor in 1824. 
 
 McGee, A. J., Ann Arbor, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y. ; came to Washte- 
 naw county, August, 1825. 
 
 Mclntyre, William H., Ann Arbor city, was born in Northfield,tp., May 25, 
 1834. 
 
 Mead, Mrs. Maria Branch, was born at Crown Point, N. Y., 1805 ; came to Ann 
 Arbor in li- 25. 
 
 Mead, Mrs. Harriet, Saline tp., was born at LeRoy, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1821 ; came 
 to Saline in 1829. 
 
 Meed, Silas F., Saline, was born at Greenwich, Conn., March 17, 1812; came to 
 this county Sept. 10, 1835. 
 
 Merithew, S. M., Sharon tp., was born in Pennsylvania Nov. 11, 1832 ; came to 
 this State in 1836. 
 
 Merritt, C. C, Ypsilanti, was bom at Romulus, N. Y., in 1800 : came to this 
 county in May, 1829. 
 
 Millen, C. H.. Ann Arbor, was born in New Hampshire Feb. 19, 1821 ; came to 
 this county Sept. 1, 1836. 
 
 Miller, B S., was born in 1821 ; came to Michigan in 1834. 
 
 Miller, Peter, Ypsilanti, was born in Pennsylvania in 1803 ; came to this county 
 April 20, 1830. 
 
 Millits, Edwin, Limatp., was bom in Cattaraugus county, N. Y., 1830 ; came 
 to this county in August, 1836. 
 
 Mills, Lorrin, Ann Arbor, was born in Connecticut Dec. 15,1804; came to this 
 county June, lb26. 
 
 Minnis, Mrs. Maria, was bom at Phelpstown, Ontario Co., N. Y. ; came to Ann 
 Arbor in 1831. 
 
 Minnis, Paul, Ann Arbor, was born in Orange county, N. Y., Feb. 6, 1801 ; came 
 to Washtenaw county June 20, 1834. 
 
 Monroe, Gilbert M., Pittsfleld tp.. was born in Lodi tp. Jan. 15, 1842. 
 
 Moore, David, Superior tp., was bom in Pennsylvania 1795 ; moved to this 
 county in 1830. 
 
 Moore, Eli. 
 
 Moore, Lorten, Ann Arbor, was bom in New Hampshire April 23, 1802 ; came to 
 to the county May 16, 1831. 
 
 Morgan, E. W., Ann Arbor, was bom at Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., jMay 
 15, 1805 ; came to Washtenaw county May 24, 1829. 
 
 Mosher, J. H. C, was born in 1825 ; came to Michigan in 1830. 
 
 Morse Charles, Saline, was born in Ontario county, N. Y. Sept. 16, 1831 ; came 
 to this county in 1841. 
 
504 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Morlou, Miss Alzina, Ypsilanti, was born inYpsilanti March, 1828; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1828. 
 
 Morton, Hudson T., was born in Pittsfield, Mich., in 1846. 
 
 Morton, J. G., Ypsilanti tp. 
 
 Morton, Maria, N. P.. Ypsilanti, was born in Massachusetts Oct. 30, 1802 ; came 
 to this county in May, 1838. 
 
 Mowerson, D. 
 
 Mowerson, Mrs. 
 
 Murdocli, Samuel W. 
 
 Kanry, -Jolm W., Superior tp., was born in. County Longford, Ireland, April 27, 
 1827; emigrated to the county in 1838. 
 
 Newell, Josiah, was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., Sept. 6, 1815 ; came to 
 Ypsilanti, Nov., 1833. 
 
 Nichols, E. D., Ann Arbor, was born in Vermont Nov. 8, 1809 ; came to the State 
 in 18.52. 
 
 Noble, Sylvester D, was born at Hoosick, N. Y., March 24, 1779; came to 
 Washtenaw county Oct., 1835; present residence, Ann Arbor city. 
 
 Noedmau, Edward A., Lima tp., was born in Pennsylvania Nov. 26, 1829; came 
 to the county in October, 1836. 
 
 Noise, Mrs., was born in Genesee county, N . Y., in 1813 ; came to Ann Arbor 
 in 1831. 
 
 Noyes, 1). W., Ann Arbor. 
 
 Noyes, Mrs., Ann Arbor. 
 
 O'Brien, Morgan, Webster tp., was born at New Castle, County Limerick, Ireland, 
 C»ot. 4, 1814; came to Washtenaw county Sept. 1, 1835. 
 
 Packard, .lohn F., Superior tp , was born in Panama (now Salem) tp.; came to 
 Washtenaw county Jan. 28, 1831. 
 
 Packard, Orison, Salem tp , was born in Wayne county, N. Y., in 1806: came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1830. 
 
 Page, George C'. 
 
 Palmer, Luther, Dexter, was born- in Warren county, N. Y., in 1824; immigrated 
 to this county in July, 1836. 
 
 Parker, F. L., Ann Arbor, was born at Perry, N. Y., March 19, 1820; came to 
 Washtenaw county Oct. 0, 1829. 
 
 Parker, Sampson, was born in Genesee county, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1818; came to 
 Michigan in 1833 ; present residence, Lima tp. 
 
 Parks, Ashley, was born in Massachusetts in 1802. 
 
 Parshall, J. J., Ann Arbor, was born at Palmyra, N. Y., Feb. 23, 1820; came to 
 the county in 1824. 
 
 Parshall, Sarah A., Ann Arbor tp., was born in Lyndon tp., in 1833. 
 
 Parsons, Chester, Saline, was born in Berkshire county, Mass., in 1826 ; came to 
 the State in 1830. 
 
 Parsons, Cornelius, Saline, was born in Saline, Mich., in 1831. 
 
 Parsons, Philo, was born in Connecticut in 1807, and removed to Michigan in 
 1835. 
 
 Parsons, Roswell, present residence, Pittsfield tp. 
 
 Patterson, C. R., Ypsilanti, was born in Forestville, N. Y., May 7, 1824; came 
 to this county May 3, 1815. 
 
 Patterson, Dr. William, was born in 1832 ; came to the county in 1836. 
 
 Pattison, Sam W., Ypsilanti, was born at Kingsbury, Washington Co., N. Y!, 
 June 28, 1797 ; came to this county in May, 1836. 
 
 Peck, E. C, was born in New York, Oct. 31, 1822; came to Michigan in Novem- 
 ber, 1824. 
 
 Peck, Miss 8., Superior tp., was born in Connecticut in 1792 ; came to this county 
 in 1824. 
 
 ■ Peck, Wait, Sharon tp., was born at Sharon, Litchfield Co., Conn., Oct. 12, 
 1807 ; came to this county May 18, 1833. 
 
 Peirce, Edwin H., Sylvan tp., was born in Ontario count}', N. Y., in 1826; came 
 to Washtenaw county November, 1832. 
 \y Perrin, Paulina, was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., 1804, 
 
 Perry, G. T., Lodi tp , was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., in 1804; came to 
 Washtenaw county February, 1827 . 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 505 
 
 Perry, J. H., Lodi tp., was born in Genesee county, N. Y., April31, 1827; came 
 to this county June, 1829. 
 
 Perry, Merritt, Lodi tp., was born in Saratoga county, N.Y., June, 1810; came to 
 this county Nov. 1, 1827. 
 
 Peters, feeorge A., Scio tp., was born at Shelby, N. Y., June :30, 1835; came to 
 this county June 4, 1826. 
 
 Peters, H. E., Scio tp., was born at Shelby, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1833; came to this 
 county June 4, 1826. 
 
 Pettibone, Milton, was born in 1791; came to Michigan in 1839. 
 
 Pettibone, Samuel, was born at Manchester, Vt., Dec. 15, 1798 ; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county in September, 1830 ; present residence Ann Arbor city. 
 
 Phelps, N. A., Scio tp., was born in Connecticut Jan. 37, 1805 ; immigrated to 
 Washtenaw county May, 1830. 
 
 Phillips, Sarah A., Ypsilanti, was born at Geneva, X. Y., in 1830; came to 
 Michigan in Oct , 1830. 
 
 Pierce, Daniel, was born in 1815, and came to Michigan in 1836. 
 
 Pierce,- N. H.. Ann Arbor, was born in Genesee, N. Y., in 1819. 
 
 Pierce, Mrs. X. H.. was born in Watertown, N. Y., in 1839 : came to the State in 
 1837. 
 
 Piatt, H. D., Pittsfield tp., was born in Pittsfleld tp , Washtenaw couutv, Aug. 5, 
 1835. 
 
 Polhemus, J. A., Ann Arbor, was born in New York Oct. 16, 1811. 
 
 Porter, C. B., Ann Arbor, was born at Rochester, N. Y. April 32, 1830 ; came to 
 the county October, 1833. 
 
 Post, Dr. B. A., was born in 1835, and came to Michigan in 1838. 
 
 Post, William R., Ypsilanti, was born in Rensselaer, county, N. Y., in 1801* came 
 to this county in 1832. 
 
 Pratt, Edmund, Plymouth, Micii , was born Jan. 36, 1806. 
 
 Pray, Joseph, Northfield tp. 
 
 Preston, Jacob, was born at Hampton, Conn., in 1810; came to this county in 
 1833. 
 
 Preston, RosweU, born Oct. 3, 1808. 
 
 Prudden, Elarressa Die, Ann Arbor, was born at Vernon, Oneida Co., X. Y. 
 June 17, 1813; came to Washtenaw county April 1 1 , 1831. 
 
 Prudden, N. A., Ann Arbor, was born at Bethlehem, Litchiield Co., Conn. 
 
 Quamley, John. 
 
 Queal, Reuben, Dexter, was born Oct. 13, 1835 ; came to the county October, 
 1835. 
 
 Rash, James G., Ann Arbor, was born in Ann Arbor Nov. 19, 1837. 
 
 Reaner, Mrs. Elizabeth, Ypsilanti, was born in Wayne county, N. Y. ; came to 
 Ypsilanti in 1837. 
 
 Redner, C, Ypsilanti, was born in New Jersey July 6, 1799 ; moved to this county 
 in 1838. 
 
 Renwick, George, Northfield tp., was born at Greece, Monroe Co., N. Y. 
 June 4, 1836 ; came to this county in 1838. 
 
 Renwick, J., Northfield tp., was born in Monroe county, N. Y. June 4, 1 837 : 
 came to this county July 37, 1827. 
 
 Rexford, F. R., Ypsilanti, was born at Chenango, N. Y. Aug. 17, 1814; came to 
 this county June 7, 1837. 
 
 Reynolds, L. H., Saline, was bom in New York Jan. 2, 1808 ; came to this 
 county in 1 842. 
 
 Reynolds, Milton, Saline. 
 
 Reynolds, Mrs., Saline. 
 
 Ridner, H. C, was born in 1833 ; came to the State in 1833. 
 
 Riggs, Rowena, Sylvan tp., was bom at Bedford, Ohio, in 1837; came to tlie 
 State in 1845. 
 
 Riggs, W. W., Sylvan tp., was born at PaintedTost, N. Y. in 1819 ; came to Ann 
 Arbor May 10, 1839. 
 
 Risdon, Lewis 0, Ann Arbor, was bom at Leroy, Genesee Co., N. Y., 1834; 
 came to the county in August, 1842. 
 
 Robinson, Ambrose V., was born at Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., Nov, 15, 1833 : 
 came to Michigan May 10, 1844. 
 
 Robison, John J., Sharon tp. 
 
506 HISTORY 01' WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Robison, Andrew, Sharon tp., was born in Ontario county, N. Y., Nov. 18, 1800; 
 came to this county October, 1843. 
 
 Robison, 1. M., Manchester, was born at Ontario, N. Y., June 14, 1828; came 
 to Washtenaw county June, 1844. 
 
 Rogei's, Hamilton. * 
 
 Rogers, Lucinda A., Ypsilanti, was born in Seneca county, N. Y. in 1830 ; came 
 to Washtenaw county in .June, 1830. 
 
 Rogers, Moses, Ann Arbor, was born at Saratoga, N. Y., Oct. 16, 1810 ; came to 
 the county Oct. 22, 1831. Present occupation, dealing in farming implements. 
 
 Rogers, M. P., Scio tp , was born in Vermont July 8, 1848 ; came to Washtenaw 
 county Nov. 6, 18(39. 
 
 Rent, A. C, Superior tp. 
 
 Rorison, Mrs. Sarah, Ypsilanti, was born in Seneca county, N. Y. ; came to Ypsi- 
 lanti in 1836. 
 
 Rosier, George, was born in Vermont July 16, 1821 ; came to the county May 1, 
 1830. 
 
 Rouse, Jefl'erson 0. , Pittsfield tp., was born at Redding, Steuben Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 8, 1817; came to Pittsfield April, 1830. 
 
 Rowe, Fred., Sharon tp., was born in New York in 1829 ; came to this county in 
 1831. 
 
 Rowley, S. J., was born in New York in 1818 ; came to Michigan in 1831. 
 
 Russell, H. M., Saline tp., was born in 1819 ; came to the county June 6, 1837. 
 
 Russell, Mary, Saline tp. ; came to the county June 6, 1837. 
 
 Sanders, Cynthia W., Pittsfield tp., was born Dec. 10, 1814. 
 
 Sanford, Cynthia W., York tp., was born in Madison, N. Y. ; came to Michigan 
 in 1834. 
 
 Sanford, A. B., York tp., was born at Madison, N. Y. ; came to Michigan iu 
 1834. 
 
 Sanford, E. L., Ann Arbor, was born inLodi tp., Michigan, July 31, 1828. 
 
 Saoford, F. S,, Ann Arbor, was born at Madison, N. Y., and came to Washte- 
 naw county Sept. 10, 1844. 
 
 Saunders, George, Pittsfield tp., was born at Lawrence, N. Y.; came to this 
 county May 29, 1839. 
 
 Scaddin, Robert B., Webster tp., was born in Webster, Mich., 1833 ; came to 
 this county in 1833. 
 
 Schmidt, Mrs. Louisa, was torn at Stuttgart, Wurtemburg, Germany, 1817; emi- 
 grated to Ann Artor in 1830. 
 
 Schumacher, John, was born in Germany. 
 
 Scott, Jesse, Dexter, was born at Chester, Mass.; came to this State Oct. 8, 1831. 
 
 Scott, Miss Jessie, Dexter tp., was born in New York in 1830; came to this coun- 
 ty in 1833. 
 
 Seaman, E. C, Ann Arbor, was born in New York Oct. 14, 1805; came to the 
 county. May, 1854. 
 
 Sears, Solomon F., Webster tp., was born at Ashfield, Mass., June 23, 1816; came 
 to Washtenaw county June 10, 1827. 
 
 Sears, Mrs. 
 
 Sears, Thomas, S., came to the State in 1837. 
 
 Sessions, Hanson, Ann Arbor, was born at Lenox, Madison Co., N. Y.; came to 
 " Washtenaw county Sept. 30, 1833. 
 
 Sessions, John Q. A., Ann Arbor, was born at Lenox, N. Y. in 1832; came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1834. Present occupation, lawyer. 
 
 Sharoman, Timothy, was born in 1796; came to Michigan in 1830. 
 
 Shaw, R., Saline. 
 
 Shaw, Mrs., Saline. 
 
 Shelden, Newton, Ann Arbor, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y. July 9, 1810; 
 came to the county in August, 1831. 
 
 Sherman, James, was born in Oneida county, N. Y. , March 10, 1803 ; came to the 
 State Oct, 15, 1830. 
 
 Shipman, John, was born in 1804; came to Michigan in 1831. 
 
 Sines, Isaac, was born in Berkshire, Mass. June 18, 1798; came to Michigan in 
 1824. 
 
 Sines, P., was born in 1803 ; came to this county May 9, 1834. 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth, was born in Devonshire, England, 1785 ; came to Ann 
 Arbor in 1834. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 507 
 
 Smith, James F., Chelsea, was born in Ontario county, N. Y. in 1830; came to 
 the county in 1836. 
 
 Smith, O. M., Dexter, was born inRutland county, Vt., 1815; came to Michigan 
 in August. 1836. 
 
 Smith, William, D., Dexter tp., was born in New York in 1829; came to this 
 county in 1839. 
 
 Snell, R., Ann Arbor, was born in Henderson county (?) Feb. 14, 1813; came to 
 Washtenaw county Sept. 18, 1833. 
 
 Sober, 0. H., was born in 1823; came to Washtenaw county iu 1831. 
 
 Sober, W. E. H., Fittsfleld tp., was born Nov. 6, lb36 ; came to the county in 
 May, 1833. 
 
 Songs, James, Ann Arbor, was born in New York Jan. 7, 1805; came to this 
 county May 17, 1831. 
 
 Spear, Henry, Chelsea, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., Jan. 26, 1826; came to 
 State July, 5, 18:W. 
 
 Speechley, R J., Ann Arbor, was born at Cambridge, England; came to Washte- 
 naw county in 1840. 
 
 Spencer, Eldad, Sylvan tp., was born in Monroe county, N. Y. April 18, 1815 ; 
 came to the county in 1830. 
 
 Spencer, Mrs. 
 
 Sperry, D., Ann Arbor, was born June 1, 1813; came to Washtenaw county in 
 1841. 
 
 Sperry, J. H , Ann Arbor, was born in Michigan April 10, 1836. 
 
 Sperry, Mrs. Miranda, was born at Richmond, Chester county, N. H., 1813; came 
 to Ann Arbor in 1826. 
 
 Spoor, C. H., Ann Arbor, was born in New York, Nov. 36, 1813; came to this 
 State in 1835. 
 
 Squire, A. H., Manchester tp., was born in Ontario county, N. Y. July 9, 1809 ; 
 came to this State in 1833. 
 
 Stafford, T. L., Manchester tp., was born in Massachusetts in 1797; came to this 
 State in 1837. 
 
 Stanley, C. S., was born in 1815; came to Michigan iu 1833. 
 
 Starks, J. B., Augusta tp., was born in Otsego county, N. f., May 39, 1813; 
 came to the county in November, 1833. 
 
 Starks, Harriet A., Augusta tp., was born in New York Nov. 13, 1810; came 
 to the county in 1837. 
 
 Stevens, J. H., Lodi tp., was born in New York Jan. 4, 1815 ; came to Washte- 
 naw county in October, 1836. 
 
 Stevens, Mrs. Mary E., was bom in Newstead, Erie Co., N. Y., 1819; came to 
 Ann Arbor in 1844. 
 
 Stevens, Mrs. O. D., was born in Ontario county, N. Y. ; came to Ann Arbor in 
 1833. 
 
 Sutherland, Andrew J., Ann Arbor, was born at Geneva, Ontario Co., N. Y., Oct. 
 24, 1824; came to Washtenaw county May 28, 1829. 
 
 Sutton, George, was born at Oxford, N. J., Feb. 17, 1810; came to Washtenaw 
 county June, 1830 ; present residence, Northfield tp. 
 
 Sutton, N. E , Northfield tp., was born Jan. 17, 1843. 
 
 Tate, John, Fittsfleld tp., was born in New York in 1818; came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1831. 
 
 Taylor, Amanda H., was born in Genesee county, N. Y., Dec. 33, 1833, came to 
 Michigan in 1833. 
 
 Terhune, Enoch, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., in 1818 ; came to the county 
 in 1831. 
 
 Terry, Isaac, Webster tp., was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., Feb. 10, 1824; 
 came to Washtenaw county July 4, 1838. 
 
 Thatcher, Orrin, Chelsea, was born in Wayne county, N. Y., in 1821; came to 
 this county in May, 1849. 
 
 Thelendock, G., Dexter tp., was born in Parmington, Mass., Oct. 4, 1818; came 
 to Michigan in 1851. 
 
 Thompson, Benjamin, Ypsilanti, was born in York county, Maine, in 1805. 
 
 Thompson, Mrs. Esther, was born at Madrid, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Decem- 
 ber, 1808; came to Ann Arbor in 1831. 
 
 Thompson, George, was born in Connecticut in 1825 ; came to Michigan in 1832. 
 
608 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Thompson, H., was born in York county, Maine, in 17l»7 ; came to the State in^ 
 May, 1830. 
 
 Thompson, Mrs., came to this county in May, 1830. 
 
 Thompson, .John, Ann Arbor, came to this county May lo, 1836. 
 
 Thompson, J. O., was born in Connecticut in 1793: came to Michigan in 1833. 
 
 Thompson, .John W., Pittsfleld tp., was born in Litchfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
 1821; came to Washtenaw county, .J une, 18MJ. 
 
 Thompson, O. E., was born in Ypsilanti in 1838; present residence, Ypsilanti. 
 
 Tliompson, Scth, was born in New Hampshire ; came to Washtenaw county Octo- 
 ber, 1831 ; present residence, Ann Arbor city. 
 
 Thompson, Mrs. Zoraido, was born in August, 1829; came to Ann Arbor in Octo- 
 ber, 1829. 
 
 Tichnor, Jjouisa .J., was born in New York .July 17. 180U; came to Michi,L;an in 
 185(1 
 
 Torrey, Edward, Pittsfield tp. 
 
 Tower, Loyal, Lodi tp., was born in Vermont in 1811 : came to the State, .June, 
 1832. 
 
 Townsend, liansom, Ann Arbor tp., was born at Ilochcster, N. Y., April 23, 18'3fj; 
 came to this county September, 1836. 
 
 Traver, Mrs. A., Ann Arbor, was born in New York in 1812; came to this county 
 in 1843. 
 
 Treadwell, A. Y., Scio tp., was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., Aug 17, 1836; 
 came to this county Nov. 1, 1848 
 
 Tripp, Thomas, Saline, was born in Washington county, N. Y., in 1793; came to 
 this county in 1S4T. 
 
 Trish, Mrs. Mary A., was born in New Hampshire Nov. 8, 1812; came to Ann 
 Arbor in 18^)4. 
 
 Turner, Lyman, Ann Arbor, was born at Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y., .Jan 10, 
 1800; came to this county in 1834. 
 
 Tuttle, Apollo A. , was born at Kendall, Orleans Co. , N. Y . , Oct. 9, 1823 ; present 
 residence, Saline. 
 
 Tuttle, Jj. M., Ypsilanti, was born at Ypsilanti, Mich., in 1839. 
 
 Tuttle, Mrs. Mary A,, was born in New York city in 1827; came to Ann Arbor 
 in 1833. 
 
 Van Eiper, John H., Chelsea, was born in New York in 1828; came to this county 
 in June, 1834. 
 
 Varnum, D. S , Ypsilanti, was born at AVhitby, Ontario, in 1821 ; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county in 1837. 
 
 Vaughn, B. H., Ypsilanti, was born in Ypsilanti in 1838. 
 
 Vorhees, W. W., Superior tp. 
 
 Vorhees, Mrs., Superior tp. 
 
 Wagner, William, Ann Arbor, was born at Stuttgart, Germany, Nov. 5, 1817; 
 came to Washtenaw county, July 7, 1838. 
 
 Waldron, William K., Webster tp., was born in Seneca county, N. Y., Jan. 22, 
 1814; came to Washtenaw county May, 1839. 
 
 Warren, Henry, Webster tp., was born at West Point, N, Y., in 1823; came to 
 this county in November, ISS."). 
 
 Warner, Dennis, Dexter, was born at Cornwall, Vt., May 13, 1813 ; came to this 
 county September, 1833. 
 
 Warner, Jefferson, Ann Arbor, was born in New York June 7, 1809 ; came to 
 Washtenaw county May 1, 1831. 
 
 Warner, William, Chelsea, was born at New Milford, Conn.; came to Lima tp. 
 November, 1836. 
 
 Warner, Willis, Sylvan tp., was born at Cornwall, Vt., in 1807; came to Sylvan 
 July 7, 1837. 
 
 Waterman, R., Pittsfleld tp., was born in New York April 2, 1817; came to the 
 county in July, 1835. 
 
 Waterman, Mrs. Sophronia M. Noble, was born at Geddesburg, N. Y.,1820; came 
 to Ann arbor in 1835. 
 
 Waters, G. S., was born in Ontario county, N. Y., May 33, 1824; came to the 
 county in 1835; present residence, Lodi tp. 
 
 Watkins, George Q., Ann Arbor, was born at Poultney, Rutland Co., Vt., Jan. 
 11, 1814; came to Washtenaw county in May, 1831 
 
 Watkinson, Thomas. 
 
u^^r^tu^ 
 
 /7^'^rf 
 
 2?5 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OODNTX. 513 
 
 WatliD, T., was born in 1835 ; came to Michigan in 1830. 
 
 Watlin, Williaoi, was born in 1812 ; came to Michigan in 1830. 
 
 Watling, Harriet, Ypsilanti, was born at Erie, N. Y., July, 1829 ; moved to this 
 county in May, 1838. 
 
 Walters, Mrs. G. S., was born in Lodi tp. Oct. 26, 1832. 
 
 Webb, ]Sr.,was born at Rushville, Ontario Co., N. Y. ; came to Washtenaw 
 county Aug. 3, 1846; present residence, Pittsfield tp. 
 
 Wellman, Adam, Chelsea, was born in Vermont in 1808; came to this State May 
 10, 1832. 
 
 Wellman, Eliza, Chelsea, was born in New York in 1817 ; came to Washtenaw 
 county May 10, 1832. 
 
 Weetfall, E., Lima tp. 
 
 Wheeler, Calvin, Salem tp., was born in New York in 1806 ; immigrated to this 
 State in 1831. 
 
 Wheeler, George S., Salem tp., was born at Leston, Livingston Co., N. Y., April 
 22, 1830; came to this county in September, 1881. 
 
 Wheeler, Harvey, Pittsfield tp., was born in Ontario county, N, Y.. May 3, 1830; 
 came to Washtenaw county March 14, 1854. 
 
 Wheeler, John, was born in New Hampshire ; came to Michigan in 1829. 
 
 Wheelock, J. L., Pittsfield tp., was born at Batavia, N. Y., Feb. 28, 1825 ; came 
 to Washtenaw county in July, 1839. 
 
 White, Ciman, Sylvan tp., was born in Ontario county, N. Y., June 9, 1814, and 
 came to the county May 23, 1833. 
 
 White, Curran, Chelsea, was born in 1814, and came to Michigan in 1834. 
 
 White, Jane, Chelsea, was born in 1818. 
 
 White, H. R., Ann Arbor tp., was born in Wayne county, N. Y., March 31, 1831; 
 immigrated to the State in July, 1824. 
 
 White, Nathan T., Ann Arbor, was born in Ann Arbor Jan. 13, 1837. 
 
 Whittaker, Charles, Lima tp., was born Nov. 16, 1818 ; moved to this county 
 October, 1836. 
 
 Wicks, James, Ann Arbor, was born in New York May 14, 1798 ; came to Wash- 
 tenaw county October, 1839. 
 
 Wildt, E. G., Ann Arbor, was born in Germany July 18, 1803 ; emigrated to 
 Washtenaw county Sept. 1, 1831. 
 
 Williams, H., Webster tp. 
 
 Williams, J. D., Ann Arbor, was born in New York May 3, 1815 ; came to the 
 county in April, 1828. 
 
 Williams, Mrs. J. D., Ann Arbor, was born in Webster tp. March 26, 1828. 
 
 Willis, Lyman, was born October, 1804 ; came to Michigan, 1833- 
 
 Wilmott, C. T., Ann Arbor, was born June 13, 1816 ; came to Washtenaw 
 county May, 1835. 
 
 Wilsey, David, Pittsfield tp., was born at Le Roy, Genesee Co., N. Y., Nov. 
 32, 1819 ; came to the county June 6 1831- 
 
 Wilson, Wilson, Ypsilanti, was born Oct. 3, 1795 ; came to Michigan in May, 
 182.i. 
 
 Winans, James D., Ann Arbor, was bom in New York Feb. 14, 1805 ; came to 
 Washtenaw county Sept . 7, 1833. 
 
 Winans, Sarah was born in New Hampshire, and came to this county in 1835. 
 
 Wines, W. W., Ann Arbor, was born in Connecticut SsOv. 20, 1816 ; came to the 
 county June, 1837. 
 
 Wing, J. W., Scio tp., was born in Madison county, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1820; immi- 
 grated to this county June 23, 1833. 
 
 Winton, Mrs. C . N., Freedom tp., was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., Deo. 
 ■25, 1814 ; came to Washtenaw county June 28, 1838. 
 
 Winton, James, Freedom tp., was born in Madison, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1300; came 
 to this county in 1&43. „ . t 
 
 Wood, Austin A., Ann Arbor, was born in Connecticut Jan. 30, 18. '8 ; came to 
 Washtenaw county October, 1836. 
 
 Wood, Catherine, Chelsea, was born June 4, 1816 ; came to Michigan in 1843. 
 
 Woodi Darius S., Ann Arbor. 
 
 Wood, Ira, Chelsea, was born in Ontario county, N. Y., Jan. 31, 1803; came to 
 Washtenaw county Nov. 36, 1833. 
 
 Wood, Selick, Ann Arbor, was bom in Connecticut. 
 
 Wood' Mrs. Selick, Ann Arbor, was bom in Essex county, N. Y., in 1825. 
 32 
 
614 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Wood, Thomas J . , Pittsfield tp., was bora in New York Jan. 24, 1802. 
 
 Woodruff, P. D., Ann Arbor, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., Oct. 5, 1818 ; 
 came to Wastitenaw county Nov. 18, 1839. 
 
 Woodruff, T. M., was born in Ohio Sept. 33, 1809 ; came to Michigan in 1833. 
 
 Worden, Anna ^l., was born in Madison county, N. Y., 1839 ; came to Washte- 
 naw county in 1831. 
 
 Worden, C. H., Ann Arbor, was born at Rochester, N. Y., May 9, 1836 ; came to 
 this county in September, 1837. 
 
 Worden, E. L., Salem tp., was born at Rochester, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1837; came to 
 this county in 1 839. 
 
 Yates, Mrs. D. L., Ann Arbor, was born in New York June 5, 1814 ; came to this 
 county in May, 1832. 
 
 STATE PIONEER SOCIETIY". 
 
 By invitation of the Waslitenaw County Pioneer Society, the 
 annual festival of the Michigan State Pioneer Society was held at 
 Hill's Opera House, in the city of Ann Arbor, June 7, 1876. At 10 
 o'clock large numbers had assembled, those from the country com- 
 ing laden with the good things that later in the day were to 
 be served in a sumptuous dinner. At 11 o'clock fully 300 had 
 put in an appearance. The assembly was called to order at this 
 hour by the President of the Washtenaw County Pioneer Society, 
 Gen. Edward Clark, of Ann Arbor, when the presidents of the 
 various county societies were invited to take seats on the platform, 
 as well as all former presidents of the State Society. Among these 
 were Pev. Mr. Pierce, of Washtenaw; ex-Gov. Felch, of Ann Arbor; 
 Jonathan Shearer, of Plymouth, then the President of the State 
 Society; Mr. Dewey, President of the Lenawee County Society; 
 Hon. Levi Bishop, of Detroit, President of the Wayne County Pio- 
 neer Society, and others. The Secretary ^ro tem., J . C. Holmes, 
 of Detroit, was also seated on the platform. 
 
 The exercises were opened by music, furnished by the M. E. choir 
 of Ann Arbor, under the leadership ofProf Alvin Wilsie. — " Auld 
 Lang Syne." 
 
 Prayer was then offered by the oldest pioneer clergyman present, 
 Pev. J. D. Pierce, of Ypsilanti. 
 
 Another piece of music, an anthem, followed. 
 
 The address of welcome to the president and members of the 
 State Pioneer Society and other pioneers present was delivered by 
 ex-Gov. Felch, of Ann Arbor. He said words were sometimes 
 spoken which were merely words of the mouth, and others which 
 indicated the feelings of the heart. Of the latter kind were those 
 he addressed to the pioneers assembled in behalf of the county so- 
 ciety. All branches of industry have their pioneers; all countries 
 can speak of their first settlers and show their pride in them. The 
 great reward of a pioneer in a new country will bein knowing that 
 his descendants will look upon a country which his industry has 
 redeemed from a wilderness. There is much pleasure in thoughts 
 like these. He could remember the scenes of iO years, and as he 
 saw the changes that had been wrought, how could he help feeling 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 515 
 
 grateful that he had been in the midst of them ? He extended a 
 hearty welcome to those in attendance. 
 
 A brief address was then delivered by the president of the State 
 Society, Jonathan Shearer, of Plymouth. He said that lie had 
 lived in this State for 40 years, and could feel proud that he had the 
 privilege of representing the pioneers of the State. He thought 
 the work of the pioneers was deserving of the highest praise; for it 
 had been they who had made the country what it is. He had taken 
 much pains in collecting the history of the pioneers of the State, 
 and he had found that it was something to excite the admiration of 
 all. 
 
 Prof. J. C. Holmes, of Detroit, Chairman of the Committee of 
 Historians, read the report of the progress of the State Society. He 
 stated that application had been made for suitable rooms in the new 
 capitol, adjoining or near the librarj', where the historical collec- 
 tion may be displayed and be safe from destruction by fire. On the 
 28th of February, 1876, the Committee of Historians met at Lan- 
 sing and issued a circular to the pioneers of Michigan, asking for 
 information in regard to the history of the towns and counties of our 
 State. 
 
 The report stated that several of the counties had already re- 
 sponded liberally to this circular. 
 
 The committee proposed the following plan for a report: 
 
 First, State the time of the organization of the State Pioneer Society. Its pro- 
 ceedings at its several meetings, including papers that have been read. A list of 
 articles that have been donated to the museum, veith names of donors, names of 
 oiflcers and members. 
 
 Second, Give an alphabetical list of the^counties, stating the date at which the 
 county was laid off and by whom ; the number of townships in the county, with 
 their names: the name of the county, and as much of its early history as possible. 
 
 An example was presented in the history of Jackson county. It 
 consisted in giving first the act of incorporation, the locating of 
 the county-seat, the naming of the townships, and minor facts. 
 
 After the report of the committee another piece of music, "To 
 Thee, O Country," was given by the choir, when Rev. J. D. Pierce, 
 of Ypsilanti, the first Superintendent of Public Instruction in 
 Michigan, was called for. He said he had lived in the State for 
 the past 45 years, and that he had consequently lived through the 
 struggle of the schools to become free, and had taken an active part 
 in the work. He related some interesting experiences of his earlv 
 life. 
 
 Hon. Levi Bishop, of Detroit, President of the Wayne County 
 Pioneer Society, was introduced, and spoke at some length. He 
 traced the history of the University, and referred to the minor 
 colleges throughout the State. He did not favor the attempt to 
 remove Albion College to Detroit,thinking it ought not to pass Ann 
 Arbor. He would have the colleges at Albion, Kalamazoo, Adrian, 
 Olivet, etc.. brought to Ann Arbor and help build up a great Uni- 
 versity. He would have the present University do only what it 
 
516 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW OOUNTY. 
 
 now calls post-graduate work. He said he hoped yet to take the 
 stnmp on this question. He also recalled some of the incidents of 
 his early life. 
 
 After the singing of the " Star Spangled Banner," an adjourn- 
 ment was made to give opportunity to sign the constitution and 
 the payment of dues, after which the assembly withdrew to the 
 basement of the Opera House for a dinner, which had been furnished 
 by the pioneers of Washtenaw county. 
 
 After dinner those who desired were given time to visit the Uni- 
 versity and public schools of the city of Ann Arbor. 
 
 The society re-assembled at 3 o'clock, when a short time was con- 
 sumed in five minute speeches by different members, and in reading 
 of letters from those unable to attend. A letter was read from Mrs. 
 H. A. Tenney, of Lansing, Secretary of the Society, whose duties at 
 the State Library prevented her attendance. She closed with the 
 sentiment: — "The University of Michigan, one of the first institu- 
 tions of America to open its doors for the education of the dauirhters 
 and grand-daughters of the pioneers of the land." 
 
 A letter was also read from H. G. "Wells, of Kalamazoo, who was 
 unable to be present on account of his official duties. He said: — 
 " It is proper that the State Pioneer Society shall hold this meeting 
 at Ann Arbor, for we, its members, take honor to ourselves by being 
 present in a body in Washtenaw county, which has become famous 
 all over the world by having within its limits the University and 
 the Normal School. The fame of both these institutions is to be 
 credited to the regents, the presidents, and the professors, and the 
 girls and boys who have had their student life therein, all of whom 
 seem to have resolved never to disgrace their alma mater."- 
 
 Prof. Ten Brook, of the University, was introduced and made a few 
 remarks. 
 
 A letter was read from Witter J. Baxter, of Jonesville, who 
 called the attention of the society to the fact that " the State Agri- 
 cultural Society are to have a centennial department at the State 
 Fair at Jackson, to be held Sept. 19, 20, 21 and 22, at which we 
 hope to receive an exhibition of relics and curiosities of all kinds, 
 and if the pioneers of the State will take the matter earnestly in 
 hand they will enable ns to make a very interesting and instruct- 
 ive display." 
 
 A committee of three was appointed, on motion of Levi Bishop, 
 to take the matter into consideration, consisting of Messrs. J. Web- 
 ster Cliilds, of Wasiitenaw, Michael Shocmakei-, of Jackson and J. 
 C. Holmes, of Wayne. 
 
 Interesting speeches followed by Messi-s. McDi)n;j;all, of Bridge- 
 water, and Judge Miller, of Bay City. Tlie hitter robited some of 
 his early misfortunes in the Stigiiiaw valley, and an instance of good 
 fortune at the hands of an Indian wlien almnt tn Dcrisli from ex- 
 posure. He was engaged 40 yeai's ago in rniininii' a sawmill on 
 the Saginaw river, and was one of two niun who operated the 
 saw themselves, before steam was introduced and water utilized; 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 517 
 
 and Mr. Holmes Immorously suggested that it was proposed to 
 preserve him at the State museum as a relic of that saw- mill. 
 
 Eev. Mr. Lamb, of Ypsilanti, followed, so old and feeble that he 
 could hardly make himself heard. 
 
 Mr. John Geddes, of Washtenaw county, had been in the county 
 for 5i years, and has lived on the same farm, a few miles east of 
 Ann Arbor, during all this period. Mr. J. W. Brooks, a colored 
 gentleman 78 years of age, of Ann Arbor, related some of the 
 experiences of his life. 
 
 Judge Miller, of Bay City, being called upon for an explanation 
 of his duty as a part of a saw-mill, stated that he was technically 
 called the pitman, and his work was to stand beneath the log while 
 a man was above, and the two together operated the saw. He said 
 they cut in the year 1834, in the only mill on the Saginaw river, 
 enough lumber to build a floor for a small shanty. Now they turn 
 out sufficient lumber annually in the various mills on the Saginaw 
 river to build a sidewalk around the globe three feet wide and an 
 inch and a half thick, and have left 6,000,000 feet. 
 
 A glorious tribute was paid to the memory of Gen. Lewis Cass 
 by Lorenzo Davis, of Washtenaw county, and Jonathan Shearer, of 
 Wayne. The latter designated him as the father of the pioneers of 
 the Northwest. Mr. Davis also related some of his personal expe- 
 riences with the first Governor of Michigan, Stevens Thompson 
 Mason. 
 
 After voting thanks to the Washtenaw county pioneers for the 
 attention shown the State society, an adjournment took place to 
 the next regular meeting. 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 FOURTH OF JULY. 
 
 FIFTIETH AI^NIVERSAEY OF THE SETTLEMENT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The semi-centennial celebration of the settlement of Washtenaw 
 county was observed in Ypsilanti, on Saturday, July 4, 1824. The 
 exercises of the Fourth of July, 1874, and July 4, 1824, half a century 
 ago, in Ypsilanti, were in marked contrast. On that day the en- 
 tire population of Washtenaw county, consisting of only 28 persons, 
 met and celebrated the day. On Saturday, July, 4, 1874, the num- 
 ber of people in Ypsilanti was estimated as high as 30,000. The 
 train on the railroads were all loaded to their utmost capacity. The 
 mail train on the Michigan Central road had to be increased by the 
 addition of an extra car at Detroit, and after leaving the Junction 
 hundreds of people were left at every station until i-eaching Ypsi- 
 lanti, who were unable to get on board. A monster train of 19 cars 
 came in from Detroit as an extra, bringing the Detroit Cadets, the 
 National Guards and 2,000 or more people from along the line of 
 the road. A special train came in on the Detroit, Hillsdale & 
 Indiana road, bringing a train of 21 cars, all loaded to their fullest 
 capacity. On the arrival of the extra train from Detroit at Ypsi- 
 lanti, a telegram was received from Ann Arbor announcing that the 
 regular train could not bring the people. The Detroit train's en- 
 gine with eight coaches was then sent down to Ann Arbor, and 
 returned with all the coaches loaded. Besides the people who ar- 
 rived by railroad, thousands of farmers came in from the country in 
 wagons and processions. The procession formed on Cross street, 
 about half past 10 o'clock, under the direction of the Chief Marshal, 
 F. P. Borgardus, in the following order: 
 
 FIRST DIVISION. 
 
 Ypsilanti Light Guard. 
 
 Marshal and aid, Capt. C. Newell, Lieut. U. F. Halleck, U. S. A.; Martial 
 
 Band; Detroit Cadets, Pelouze C^orps ; Major J. S. Rogers commanding. 
 
 CoiBpany B, Michigan State Troops, Ann Arbor ; S. B. Revenaugh commanding. 
 
 Governor and Staff, President, Chaplain, and Orators of the Day, 
 
 and Members of the Press, in carriages. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 Fire Department, with apparatus; E. Batweli, foreman. 
 
 Band, German Turner and Arbeiter Societies; Raphael Kopp, Marshal. 
 
 "Washtenaw County Pioneers ; N. FoUett, H. C. Camp, Marshals. 
 
 Visitors and citizens in carriages : C. L. Yost, Marshal. 
 
HISTORY OE WASHTENAW COUNTr. 519 
 
 The procession marched through the principal streets and to the 
 fair ground, where the exercises of the day were held. The pro- 
 cession was one of the finest features of the occasion. It was pre- 
 ceded by a police force of the Ypsilanti Light Guard, who kept the 
 streets along the line of march well cleared. Crossett's Constantiiie 
 band led the procession. The Detroit National Guard presented a 
 fine appearance. They were about 90 strong, with .50 of them in 
 new dress uniforms, and the remainder in old State uniform. The 
 Detroit cadets turned out about 175 strong, led by Major Rogers, 
 and were the observed of all observers. Company B, of Michigan 
 State troops, Ann Arbor, were out with 60 rifles, and the Ypsilanti 
 Light Guard in about the same numbers. The bulk of the proces- 
 sion was composed of carriages and wagons, and especially of the 
 latter, carrying farmers from the adjoining township with their 
 wives and families. The pioneers occupied the place in the proces- 
 sion assigned them. They numbered some 50 persons, consisting 
 entirely of old men from 60 to 85 years of age. It would seem that 
 they, of all others, should have been furnished with carriages, but 
 they had been assigned a place on foot, and marched sturdily along 
 in the dust, and uncovered under the hot rays of the sun, keeping 
 step to the music over the entire line of march. 
 
 The streets and many of the dwelling houses along the line of 
 march were handsomely decorated with flags, flowers, and ever- 
 greens. Across Cross street, just west of the Michigan Central 
 railroad track, a grand arch was stretched, composed of flowers and 
 evergreens, the top surmounted by the ATuerican flag. Suspended 
 from the top of the arch was a female figure representing the God- 
 dess of Liberty, draped with the Stars and Stripes, and wearing the 
 cap of liberty. Across the lower segment of the arch was stretched 
 a banner with the inscription " 1824— 1874. Welcome." Across 
 Congress street was stretched a large banner, bearing the motto 
 "Tipsylanty, Washtenak; 1824 — 1874. Hard to spell but can't be 
 beat." Again at the corner of Congress and Summit streets was dis- 
 played a large banner, bearing the motto "The day we celebrate. 
 1824 — 1874." These are a few of the many decoi'ations which made 
 Ypsilanti look very beautiful on that day. 
 
 On reaching the fair-grounds, the procession, and thousands who 
 were not in the regular procession, proceeded to where the speaker's 
 stand had been erected, in a pleasant little grove in the northwest 
 corner of the grounds, which was all too small to shelter the im- 
 mense throng from the hot sun. A large stand had been erected 
 on the southern edge of the grove, for the accommodation of the 
 oflicers of tlie day, the speakers, and invited guests. 
 
 The platform was occupied by the president of the day, S. M. 
 Cutcheon, and the following vice-presidents composed of the super- 
 visors of the several townships in the county, and mayors, and 
 presidents of the cities and villages: 
 
 Hiram J. Beakes, Mayor of Ann Arbor; Watson Snyder, Mayor 
 of Ypsilanti; Myron H. Webb, President of Saline village; C. 
 
520 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Wallbridge, President of Manchester village; Jolin Costello, Presi- 
 dent of Dexter village; M. J. Noyes, President of Chelsea village; 
 Selden W. Shiirtleif, Ann Arbor; Aaron Childs, Augusta; James 
 M. Kress, Bridgewater; Patrick Fleming, Dexter; Elias Haire, 
 Freedom; B. 0. Whitaker, Lima; E. T. Harper, Lodi; Thomas 
 Toung, Lyndon; S. W. Holmes, Scio; Emerson Annabil, Sharon; 
 Pomeroy Van Riper, Webster; Horatio Burch, Manchester; George 
 Pen wick, Northfield; David Wiltsie, Pittsfield; John Crandal, 
 Salem; F. P. Galpin, Superior; M. J. Noyes, Sylvan; Jesse Warner, 
 York; W. Irving Yeckley, Ypsilanti. 
 
 There were also present as guests: Gov. Bagley and his Staff, 
 Adj. -Gen. Eobertson, Gen. L. S. Trowbridge, Gen. W. A. Throop, 
 Gen. John Pnlf'ord, Maj. George H. Hopkins, and Col. William 
 Phelps, all of Detroit; Alpha Washtenaw Bryant, the first white 
 child born in Washtenaw county, 
 
 The exercises were opened with music by the Constantine cornet 
 band. Prayer was then offered by Rev. John D. Pierce, well 
 known all over the State as the '' father of the University." Mr. 
 Pierce was one of the oldest divines in the State, and also a Wash- 
 tenaw pioneer. After prayer, a song entitled " Hand in Hand " 
 was sung by a choir from Ypsilanti, under the leadership of Prof. 
 F. H. Pease. 
 
 The historical address was then delivered by Hon. L. D. Norris, 
 of Grand Rapids, formerly of Ypsilanti, and one of its earliest 
 settlers. 
 
 Mr. ^STorris in reading mentioned the name of Alpha Washtenaw 
 Bryan, the first white child born in the county; and loud calls 
 being made for Mr. Bryan, he stepped to the front of the stage, 
 and was greeted with three hearty cheers. He was about 50 years 
 of age and looked much the same as other men born at about the 
 same time in other parts of the county without the distinction of 
 being the "first white child." His mother also being called for, 
 stepped forward and was received by three rousing cheers. She 
 was eighty years old bat remarkably lively for a lady of her age. 
 
 Mr. Norris was obliged, on account of the wind, to omit the 
 larger portion of his address, reading only those portions bearing 
 directly on the pioneer history of the county. At the close of his 
 address, the choir, assisted by the audience, sang with fine effect 
 the " Star Spangled Banner." 
 
 Hon. Schuyler Colfax delivered the oration, after which the choir 
 and audience joined in singing "America" and "Auld Lang 
 Syne." 
 
 Then came the dinner. The speakers, oflicers and guests, were 
 provided with a fine dinner at one of the halls on the ground. The 
 Washtenaw Pioneer Society had a real old-fashioned picnic dinner 
 for themselves under the shade of the trees. The remainder of the 
 people repaired to the hotels in the city, and the many booths on 
 the ground. After dinner there was an hour of rest, and visiting 
 between tiie old residents of the count)', very many of whom were 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 521 
 
 in attendance. During this time Crossett's band, from Oonstan- 
 tine, played some good selections of music, in a very creditable 
 manner, and were heartily cheered by tlie many thonsands who had 
 been listening. 
 
 Promptly at 4.00, p. m., the military companies, in the follow- 
 ing order: National Guards, Pelouze Cadets, Company B, Michi- 
 gan State troops, and Ypsilanti Light Guards, moved into the 
 large ground enclosed by the race-course, where, after going throu<j-h 
 the various evolutions of the tactics in a commendable manner, 
 they were reviewed by Governor Bagley, assisted by his staff and 
 the marshals. 
 
 At 6.00, p. M., the Ypsilanti Fire Department was reviewed. 
 The company, with new uniform, and the steamer, Clark Cornwell, 
 appropriately trimmed, presented a very attractive appearance. 
 The afternoon and evening trains brought large reinforcements 
 from all directions, to witness the display of iireworks. A large 
 balloon, which ascended, sent down variously colored lights, until it 
 all disappeared, which was the sign for hostilities to commence. 
 The fireworks were sent off by experts from Detroit, thereby 
 insunng greater safety. In addition to the proverbial rockets and 
 candles, several pieces were fired which had been manufactured 
 expressly for the occasion. Prominent among them was " Washte- 
 naw, 1824—1874," and " Welcome to Ypsilanti." " George Wash- 
 ington," on horseback, was also exhibited, and several Chinese 
 flower pots. The exercises closed with a beautiful ''Good Night," 
 and the audience slowly dispersed for their respective liomes. The 
 celebration was in every sense a success. The arrangements of the 
 various committees and officers were perfect and were carried out 
 with promptness exactly according to the programme. Not an 
 accident occurred during the day to mar the festivities, and all 
 went home in the best of humor. 
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS BY THE HON. L. D. NORRIS. 
 
 "Twenty-seven years ago to-day, then fresh from college, upon 
 the occasion of the dedication of Independence island, within the 
 limits of this quiet city and in the bosom of the Huron, I made a 
 maiden bow to an audience of the good people of the eastern side of 
 Old Washtenaw — nursing mother of good farmers. The necessities 
 of trade and manufacture have since then dammed the rapid flow 
 over its pebbly bed of your favorite river, and shorn tiiis island gem 
 of much of its natural beauty. 
 
 " Twenty-seven years at work in the din and dust of the world's 
 great work-shop, in the struggle and strife of an exacting profes- 
 sion (no portion of the last 15 years of which has been devoted to 
 literary study or labor), forcibly reminded me, as, at the last mo- 
 ment of the last hour, I sat down to redeem by thought and word, 
 on paper, my pledge to help the pioneers of Washtenaw fight their 
 battles over, of the magnitude of the task I had rashly undertaken; 
 
522 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 how rusty was the old literary armor so long hung up; how the 
 necessities of my profession had diverted to other channels the flow 
 of apt word and thought, wherewith to deftly paint the old fireside 
 scenes, the ' moving accidents by flood and field ' that attended tlie 
 early struggle with the wilderness of untamed nature, which 50 
 years since shadowed the broad acres, where now are fruitful farms, 
 iiappy homes, thriving villages and wealthy and luxurious cities. 
 And yet, I must to my task. 
 
 " The territory known as the Peninsula of Michigan has had a 
 varied and romantic history. It was known to the French Jesuits, 
 and occupied by their chapels and missionary stations as early as 
 1648. It was the home and hunting ground of the Huron. In 
 1667 Frencli troops from Louis XIV. appeared upon the scene to 
 protect the fur trade. That ' romance of the forest ' and bane of 
 emigration and progress was being jeopardized in that bloodiest of 
 all Indian conflicts, between the iturons and the warlike tribes of 
 the Six Nations, who, as Charlevoix says, never appeared in Canada, 
 ' but they set the country on fire,' and who in 1670 had defeated 
 and well-nigh exterminated their hereditary foes. * * * * 
 
 THE FIRST MAP OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 "The first general map of the surveyed part of this Territory ot 
 which I have any knowledge, was published in 1825 by Orange 
 Risdon, then and now a pioneer of Washtenaw, and to-day in his 
 9.3d year, hale and hearty and present with you. Upon this map, 
 in addition to the counties before named, six others are given, 
 though their organizations as counties were all snbsequent to the 
 imprint of the map. They were Washtenaw and Lenawee, both 
 organized Nov. 20, 1825; Saginaw, Jan. 28, 1835; Shiawassee, 
 March 18, 1837; Sanilac as late as 1839, yet attached, and Lapeer, 
 Jan. 20, 1835. 
 
 " While the pioneers of 50 years ago may have thought and 
 said, 
 
 'No pent up Utioa contracts our powers, 
 For the whole boundless continent is ours,' 
 
 they were nevertheless satisfied to occupy and possess a very small 
 corner of it; and the baker's dozen of Indian reservations dotted 
 over its surface show that even in that small corner they were con- 
 tent to divide with ' Lo,' the poor Indian. 
 
 " Upon this map the average village is indicated by four black 
 dots or fly specks, and Washtenaw is noted for four such villages; 
 for, though Dixborough has a name as large and as black as the 
 rest, yet it appears not to have reached the dignity of one speck. 
 The relative size of the then four settlements is given in the order 
 following: Ann Arbor, 10 specks; Woodruff's Grove, 8 ; Ypsilanti, 
 3, and Dexter, 2; a fair average for Washtenaw, as Detroit couldn't 
 boast of more than 20. Sutton (Benj.), the pioneer, covers sections 
 27 and 28 of Northfleld. 
 
HISTOEF OF WASHTENAW CGUNTY. 523 
 
 IRON ORE AND SALT SPKINOS. 
 
 " Maps, like other works of fallen humanity, are not always triith- 
 fnl, for, upon this you will observe that sections 7 of Pittsfleld and 
 12 of Lodi are all ' iron ore.' It may have been so then, but sure I am 
 that the Hicks and Yan Giessons, the Depuys, Henions, Sheldons, 
 Wilseys and others who have since occupied and possessed that 
 land have kept curiously still concerning this rare deposit. 
 
 "Then, too, sections 2 and 11 of Saline are 'salt springs,' but 
 well you remember that nearly all of us of this enlightened age had 
 'some of that salt-boring stock!' We have it yet, ' though lost to 
 sight to memory dear,' gone to rest in the lengthy hole that ran 
 down (so science has told us) through the edge of the saucer-like 
 salt basin of Michigan. We were also told by the same learned 
 savant that more money and a longer hole would somewhere 'in 
 the bowels of the harmless eartli ' reach the great Onondaga salt 
 saucer near the middle, where the brine was all the while; that 
 here it only slopped over the edge of the Michigan saucer. I think 
 the company, in the expressive slang of the day, wisely concluded 
 to ' let it slop,' as it had done for many ages, a noted salt lick of the 
 red deer and the red Indians. ***** 
 
 THE MEETING FIFTY YEARS AGO. 
 
 "I purpose, fellow pioneers, to keep myself and you wholly in 
 the past; we came here for that — to exchange greetings and compare 
 notes and recollections of the trials, pleasures and conquests of 
 that early life; and while I can hope to touch only a few of the 
 manifold matters of interest to you in that past, my ambition will 
 be more than gratified if I can set you thinking and talking, each 
 with the other, of what yon personally knew and saw of the events 
 of that early day. 
 
 " Fifty years ago to-day all the then inhabitants of Washtenaw, 
 variously given at from 14 to 29, assembled, most of them, around 
 the venerable table, now near its 100th year, which stands on this 
 platform, and is yet an heirloom in the family of the gallant 
 Maj. Ben. Woodruff. It was at the point in this county (Wood- 
 ruff's Grove) where, on the 4th day of June of the year previous, 
 the first white woman (Mrs. Woodruff) had come witii her husband, 
 to make a pioneer's home in the far West. Judge Robert Fleming 
 presided. The field- piece was a bored out, ir-^n-bound oak log, and 
 a distinguished guest was the Indian chief, Blue Jacket. 
 
 " It was doubtless a day of jollitj', with song, speech and dance. 
 It was nearer to the great day of '76, and patriotic fever raged higher- 
 then than now. I know not that they had any higher sense of the 
 merit of the great achievement than we of this day, but the press 
 had not then scattered its sheets 'like the autumnal leaves which 
 strew the vales of Yallambrosa,' and the people listened more pa- 
 tiently to speeches and talk, and were more happy and frequent in 
 
524 HiSTOET or "washtenaw county. 
 
 coming together ia a social and festive way for an interchange ot 
 opinions and the hearing of the news of the day, a commodity of 
 such common use, in these later days, that we devour the new events 
 of the world in the half-hour given to our morning coffee, and for- 
 get them in less time, as we hurry out and on, after the almighty 
 dollar. 
 
 WHISKY AND POLITICS. 
 
 " Doubtless, whisky had something to do with that day's doings. 
 In those days people didn't stop to learn whether it was a food or a 
 poison ; whether it assimilated with the blood and became part of 
 it, or whether it was only astimulant and was excreted; nor whether 
 it was to be prohibited or licensed. It was with them, they all 
 thought, a necessity, or at least a familiar creature which cured 
 rattlesnake bites, and alleviated ' fever and ague;' and in families 
 where no cow was kept, a barrel a week was not much of an allow- 
 ance, as all were hospitable and he was the ' churl ' who, in those 
 days, did not ' put the bottle to his neighbor's lips.' 
 
 " No doubt some politics were talked and pretty much, I take it, 
 in the spirit and temper of these later and, as we fondly think, wiser 
 days of ours. For I find a few years later upon the occasion of the 
 appointment of a successor to Judge William Woodbridge, that the 
 good Judge whom we of the present age, without distinction of 
 party, believe to be learned, incorruptible and faithful in the dis- 
 charge of his public duties, was, after all, no better than tlie rest of 
 us; for he used the revenue cutter to bring cedar posts from the 
 islands of Lake Erie to fence his country seat below Detroit. His 
 law student was rated as an ' able-bodied seaman' — that's higher 
 than most of them would rate in these daj's — in the revenue serv- 
 ice and drew pa}' as such, and that most of them would do now-a- 
 days, if given the chance. At least that is wliat ' Consistency' (who- 
 ever lie may have been) says in the Democratic Free Press and 
 M(chis,an Intelligencer of Marcli 15, 1832; and he takes five of 
 its 24 dingy columns to say that and more of like consistency. 
 
 " I have imagined that whisky and the politics of the ' era of 
 good feeling,' when all were Republicans and all were Federalists, 
 the close of Monroe's quiet and uneventful administration, had 
 something to do with this first Fourth of July's festivities. 
 
 " It would seem tiiat politics waxed hotter and whisky grew 
 stronger. Gen. Jackson's star was slowly rising to its ascendant 
 over the single term of the coalition, ' Blifil and Black George, the 
 Puritan and the Blackleg,' that being the playful way those days had 
 of speaking of the younger Adams, for one-term President, and 
 Henry Clay, his Secretary of State, one of his nine competitors, 
 all of whom, by the way, were Republicans of tliat <iay. 
 
 AN EARLY TEMPERANCE CRUSADE. 
 
 " Wliisky certainly grew more potential, and in 1829 our good 
 old county set out upon a crusade, not of pra)-ers and prohibitory 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 525. 
 
 laws, but of ' moral suasion,' temperance societies, townships and 
 county pledges, to abstain from tlie use of all ardent spirits, as a 
 beverage, the free use of wine, beer and cider being allowed to mem- 
 bers. It was an earnest hand-to-hand conflict of men, in which 
 nearly all good citizens participated, in which most of those that 
 sold, sold no more, a few not hesitating to stave in the heads of bar- 
 rels, watering the earth with a much purer and better article than, in 
 these days of tariff and excise, money can buy. 
 
 "I have had access to much family correspondence and records 
 relating thereto, one letter of which, under the date of January, 
 1832, merits rehearsal. The writer has no relatives or friends left 
 in this region, but I suppress the name, as not needed ' to point 
 the moral or adorn the tale.' 
 
 " It would seem that the constitutions of those earlier societies 
 did not, at first, prohibit the sale, but only the free use of ' strong 
 waters,' and this was under the control of the doctors, not always 
 temperance doctors. With this introduction the letter speaks for 
 itself. 
 
 To the Secretary of the Tpsilanti Temperance Society: 
 
 Sib : My feelings have been touched in a tender point. After reflecting that I was 
 one of the first to lend my influence in the support of the cause of temperance, 
 both by precept and example, then to be dealt with in the way I was that evening, is 
 unmanly and ungenerous, and more than human nature or human reason ought to 
 bear. IE I had violated the constitution there would have been just grounds for the 
 objection. 
 
 There is no article prohibiting any member from selling distilled spirits. Of 
 course, where there is no law there is no sin. The very man who has purchased 
 bottle after bottle of liquor of me this season is the first one to rise up and condemn 
 me for selling it to him, and even the man whose zeal destroys his better judgment 
 must rise up and say that he was about to make the same objection on account of 
 its being an injury to the cause of temperance. I would ask that man, which would 
 be the most injurious to the cause: to sell liquor, or the amendment of the constitu- 
 tion, as he proposed. I say that the amendment would have done the most harm, 
 for there would have been at least one-half of the members withdrawn from the 
 society. 
 
 The amendment proposed was, " That no member shall make use of any distilled 
 spirits as a medicine, unless by the advice of a temperance physician:" Any man of 
 common sense can see that such an amendment is leading to aristocracy. 
 
 I have no doubt that the abuse I received that evening was in consequence of my 
 opposing that amendment, and was done for retaliation; otherwise, why all this 
 abuse ? 1 have feelings, like other men, and too much so to be made sport of in 
 such a way as that. And unless there is some retraction on the part of some indi- 
 viduals present that evening there will be a breach in the society which will not be 
 soon healed. Whoevt r lives to see a few years more will see the members of that 
 society bound under sarcerdotal government. As for myself I was brought up in a 
 land of liberty, where I could speak and think without being proscribed. I always 
 mean to be free and use rny liberty in all cases, and will be the first one that with- 
 draws from a society which wishes to bind me under such tyrannical laws. There- 
 fore, under these considerations, Mr. Secretary, I shall consider myself no longer a 
 member of the Ypsilanti Temperance Society. You will please to strike my name 
 from the list after reading this before the society at the next meeting. 
 
 THE SITUATION IN 1824. 
 
 " Pausing here at this eventful celebration, let us contemplate 
 for a moment a shade more in detail, the situation of the county 
 
626 msTOKy of wabhtenaw county. 
 
 and Territory. Political!}', the administration of Monroe was draw- 
 ing to a close. It had been a quiet one, in wliich the country had 
 been rebuilding itself after the war of 1812. The debt of the 
 United States, at the highest point it had ever reached, over $127,- 
 000,000, in the closing year (1816) of Madison's term, was at the 
 closing year of Monroe's term (1825) but little over $83,000,000. 
 It was thereafter to steadily decrease to the almost vanishing point 
 of $37,513, with an income of almost $20,000,000 in excess of 
 expenditure in 1836, the closing year of Gen. Jackson's term of 
 office, and would to God the good people of these States could 
 again find his equal! The census of 1830 gave the population of 
 27 States and Territories, and the District of Columbia, at upward 
 of 12,000,000. Michigan, 31,639, increased in 1840 to 212,267, or 
 over 250 per cent. At the session of Congress which met in 
 December of 1823, King (Rufus and Wm. R.), Macon, Hayne and 
 Jackson, in the Senate, and in the House, Clay and Webster (now 
 representing Massachusetts), Forsyth, Rives and Livingston were 
 the leading spirits. 
 
 "The chief measures of interest were the Monroe doctrine, who 
 should be the next President and the tariff. On this latter we find,. 
 as representing the navigation interest of New England, Webster, 
 in full concord with the planting interest of the South and oppos- 
 ing, while the agricultural and manufacturing interest of the East 
 and West was led by the gallant ' Harry of the West,' favoring. 
 For 10 weeks the battle raged, and not until April 16, 1824, did 
 the tariff revision pass the House by the meager majority of five,, 
 and the Senate by four, a montla later. Bills to abolish imprison- 
 ment for debt and for a bankrupt act both failed. 
 
 '' Internal improvement secured but $30,000 for surveys, plans 
 and estimates of such roads and canals as the President might deem 
 of national importance. The leading topics of the year were the 
 gallant struggle Greece was making against the Turks and the 
 South American revolutions. It was a busy session; none more so 
 had been held before it. Two hundred and twelve measures had 
 passed to completion. This summer was also rendered memorable 
 by a visit of the illustrious Lafayette, who landed in New York on 
 the 15th of August, 1824. As the older among you will readily 
 recall, his tour through the country as tlie ' Hero of two worlds,' 
 and 'the Nation's guest,' was a perpetual ovation. In the fall of 
 1825 he received a township of land in Florida and $200,000 in 
 money, and was sped on his homeward way by the Nation's now 
 frigate named in his honor, the Brandywine. 
 
 " Perhaps the event of this period which had the largest influence 
 upon the future prospects of ' tiie Far West,' which in those days 
 meant this Territory, but in the 50 years since numbered with the 
 dead past has, like the vanishing point in perspective, passed west- 
 ward still with the ' Star of Empire' until it has disappeared down 
 the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains, was the completion of 
 ' Clinton's Big Ditch.' This great work foreshadowed by Gen. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. . 527 
 
 "Washington in a letter written to Gen. Harrison Oct. 10, 1774:, 
 suggested by Gonverneiir Morris in 1777, who in 1811, 34 years 
 later, was at the head of the commissioners created by New York 
 to put the work in motion, was due, in its perfection and complete- 
 ness, to the energy, wisdom and perseverance of DeWitt Clinton. 
 The ground was broken July 4, 1817, and on Oct. 4, 1825, the first 
 boat passed over the 360 miles from Lake Erie, and arrived at New 
 York. A wonderful stimulus was now given to the growth and 
 prosperity of all the lake region, and the Territory of Michigan, 
 with its 1,620 miles of lake coast, felt the impulse. If 1 add to 
 these few of the current events, that about these days (September, 
 1826) William Morgan disappeared in a close carriage moving 
 from Ontario county jail toward the Niagara frontier, you will, I 
 think, have enough suggestive history to enable you to fecall many 
 of tlie minuter and more personal incidents of those bygone days. 
 "Certain it is that the bitter and excited state of feeling that 
 grew up with the rise of the Anti-Masonic party in Western New 
 York operated as largely as any one cause to fill up the Territory, 
 and particularly Washtenaw, with men of substance and power. 
 There are but few among the early pioneers but can make a roll of 
 names of those they know to have come West because Morgan, like 
 the soul of John Brown, would 'keep marching on,' and, like the 
 ghost of Banquo, would not 'down.' 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTRY. 
 
 " In the Territory at and near tlie era of which I have been 
 speaking, but little had been done toward the real settlement of the 
 country. There were two land districts, that of Detroit, established 
 as early as 1804 (but none of the public domain in the district had 
 been sold prior "to 1818), and that of Monroe, created in 1823, 
 which was divided from the Detroit district west from the Detroit 
 river, on the north line of the south tier of townships of Washte- 
 naw. In 1824 but 61,919 acres had been sold in the Detroit dis- 
 trict, over 50,000 of which were in the years '22 and '23 just 
 preceding. The 12th year thereafter the sales for the year were 
 1,475,725 acres, with a total up to that year of over 4,030,000 acres; 
 while in the meantime three other land districts, Kalamazoo 
 (1831), Saginaw pnd Grand River (1836), had been established. 
 
 " The recognized hamlets or villages along the lake and river 
 shores were. Port Lawrence or the Monroe side of the Maumee, a 
 bay settlement, as it was called, just north of the Ottawa Reserva- 
 tion of 10,240 acres at the mouth of the Maumee; Monroe; French- 
 town, opposite; Brownstown in Wayne county, abreast of the south 
 end of Grosse Isle; Truax's, a few miles above; the city of Detroit, 
 and Mt. Clemens, all reached by a United States road running 
 along or near the shore line, from the north boundary line of Ohio. 
 On the St. Clair was Palmer, opposite Fort St. Clair, at the mouth 
 of Pine river, connected by a trail road along St. Clair river to Fort 
 
528 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Gratiot and the Lighthouse. Tecumseh, Pontiac, and lastly Sagi- 
 naw were well-known places. 
 
 K0AD8 AND TRAILS. 
 
 " The principal roads about that time projected were the Detroit 
 and Chicago, with a fork at Ypsilanti to Ann Arbor and Dexter, 
 and another fork west of Ypsilanti, southwesterly to Tecumseh. 
 Another road led northeasterly from Detroit to Poutiac and the 
 Saginaws, while the Pottawatomie trail up and down the Huron, 
 used by the Indians on their way from the far West to their pay- 
 ments at Maiden, was a well-recognized means of entrance and exit. 
 Most of you pioneers remember it well, and how the Indian-file 
 mode of progress had worn it in places to the depth of two feet. 
 It was a romantic pathway over the gravelly hills and through the 
 fat valleys of the Huron, then skirted with Indian corn-fields, bury- 
 ing grounds and camping stations, ever hugging the shore-line in 
 its serpentine windings to the blue waters of Erie. I have said 
 that the most of these roads were projected (still more than I have 
 named are given on the Risdon map), but the most noted of them 
 all, the Chicago and Detroit, was first cut through toward Ypsi- 
 lanti, in advance of the first ox team by pioneer John Bryan, reach- 
 ing the Huron at Woodruflfs Grove, on the night of the 23d of 
 October, 1823. 
 
 ALPHA WASHTENAW. 
 
 " Four months after (Feb. 2T, 1824), Mrs. Bryan gave birth to 
 the first white child -born in the limits of old Washtenaw. To 
 memorize the event, and as all pioneers in those days were well up 
 in their Greek, he was, by Allen and Ramsey, of Ann Arbor, 
 christened Alpha Washtenaw. John Bryan died not many years 
 since at Constantine, but the mother (now residing there) and the 
 infant Alpha (aged 50), a teacher from Tennessee, are to-day here 
 present, recalling the memories of early days and trying to find on 
 the north end of the Jacob Emerick farm the home of 50 years 
 ago. 
 
 " As late as 1831 this Chicago road was worked no farther west 
 than Chicago. * * * * * * 
 
 FROM 1830 TO 1840. 
 
 "Passing now to the period of 1830, we find the country with a 
 popnlntion of 4,032. Washtenaw is still on the verge of the wilder- 
 ness, steamlxiats in their infancy, but 24 years from the experiment 
 of Robert Fulton, railroads none, telegraphs yet in the forked light- 
 ning and not bottled. 
 
 "Biitcoming.forward to the end of the next decade, what an event- 
 I'nl 10 yours to the Territor) passing into aStatel Its population is 
 now 212,267— seven times that of 1830. 
 
^.S.C^PtU^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 631 
 
 " The cholera of '32 and '3i, and tlie famous quarantine at 
 Colby's Corners, the Black Hawk war, the Toledo boundary fracas, 
 the Patriot war, the wild-cat speculations, the admission of the 
 State into the Union — each and all the theme for a lengthy treatise. 
 No people ever made history faster. It fairly makes the head 
 whirl to recall the many events that crowd this decade — the popu- 
 lation of the county in '40 almost equal to that of the State in '30, 
 23 L miles of canal, 321 of river and 557 miles of railroad improve- 
 ments entered upon by a State within two years of its birth! The 
 estimated cost of all this is nearly $8,000,000, and nearly $500,000 
 actually expended. So much for the State. 
 
 EABLT EAILEOADING. 
 
 " In the meantime private enterprise was not behind-hand. 
 Twenty-four chartered railroads undertook to create 1,011 miles 
 of railroad. Washtenaw had, in 1836, the 'Monroe & Ypsilanti,' 
 with a capital stock of $400,000. It was to run from Ypsilanti, via 
 Rawson's Mills, to some point on the River Raisin and Lake Erie 
 railroad, near Monroe, to commence in two years, finish 12 miles 
 in four years and get through in eight. There is no survey, no 
 stock and no road yet. The ' Monroe & Ann Arbor ' the last de- 
 scription will answer if we add — the line, being seven miles longer, 
 the stock was $100,000 less. 
 
 '•The 'Ypsilanti & Tecumseh,' incorporated in 1838, capital 
 $200,000, borrowed $100,000 of the State, and spent a portion. It 
 had an engineer and contractors, and moved some dirt near the 
 city, traces of which are yet visible just south of the city limits, 
 east of the Monroe road. Bronson Murray, its engineer, now a 
 prominent citizen of New York city, was here a day or two since 
 inspecting his work, and at this date (July 2) is expected to assist 
 you to celebrate. 
 
 •' But of all these railroads, which promised so much under the 
 stimulus of ' wild-cat ' bank paper, none performed but the old 
 'Detroit & St. Joseph' and its successor, the now well-known 
 ' Central,' chartered as a private company in 1831, with a nominal 
 capital of $1,500,000. The company had in good faith, and under 
 many adverse fates, expended nearly $117,000, when it was sold to 
 the State (1837). At a cost of about $400,000, including rolling 
 stock, it was (Feb. 5, 1838) completed to Ypsilanti. Its receipts 
 for the first four months and 11 days of its existence were $23, 963.- 
 56. They nearly doubled that in the next two months, transporting 
 nearly 10,000 passengers, or an average of 200 for each working 
 day. It reached Ann Arbor in October, 1839. 
 
 " That was the callow day of railroading and engineering. The 
 perfect line was a reverse curve. Engineering followed the stream 
 in all its sinuosities (witness this serpentining the Huron from Ypsi- 
 lanti to Dexter, where now are tangent lines and 16 bridges) from 
 
 33 
 
532 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the mouth to the source, then crossed the divide to the nearest 
 stream on the route, and ran down the winding margin of that to 
 or near the objective point. 
 
 " This road was built on a continuous wooden rail or stringer of 
 sawed timber. This rail was fitted into sawed ties, held to the tie 
 in a trapezoidal groove by wooden wedges. On the top of this 
 continuous stringer was spiked the old iron strap rail when they 
 had it, and when they didn't, a l|^x3-inch oak ribbon nailed to the 
 tie did duty in its place. The passenger car of that day resembled 
 an omnibus placed at right angles to the track, moving sidewise 
 on four wheels. 
 
 " The conductor walked a platform in front and along the end of 
 the omnibus train, and collected his fares hanging by the arms in 
 the window. The usual boy's ambition to be a stage driver gave 
 way in these days to his wish to be a conductor. ' Snake heads,' 
 or the old strap rail worn and loosened from the stringers, occa- 
 sionally varied the monotony by curling up their ugly points 
 through the floor of the car. The equipment of the road during 
 the first few months after it reached Ypsilanti was four locomotives, 
 five passenger and 10 freight cars, running upon four wheels like any 
 well-regulated wa^on in an exceedingly jerky and independent way. 
 
 TURNPIKE TRAVEL. 
 
 " But for all that it was a much pleasanter way of locomotion 
 than the old Detroit and Chicago dirt road, which, in the first few 
 weeks of its turnpike existence (in 1829) was passable in about 
 four hours in the old-fashioned two-wheeled gig, hung on thorough- 
 braces, and which a few months later was not passable by the rush- 
 ing tide of immigration for an empty wagon and a strong team of 
 horses in much less than as many days. Its dreary route led 
 through seas of mud and over miles of ' corduroy,' with every mile 
 an ' inn,' of which TenEyck's, at Dearborn, Ruff's, near Wayne, 
 and Sheldon's were well known and favorite ends of the several 
 days' journeys, of about 10 miles each. In 1828 this route was 
 ' no thoroughfare,' and the usual way of ingress to old Washtenaw 
 was by the ' Old Road,' as it was called, by Plymouth, 
 Dixborough and Ann Arbor. Even that was almost bottomless. 
 In that year the same favorite gig and Anson Brown's one-horse 
 wagon were three days bringing the reader, a toddling infant, and 
 his respected parents, in sight of their new home in the valley of 
 the Huron. A first glimpse of its few log cabins and its solitary 
 fi-ame building, unfinished and even uncovered (afterward Perry's, 
 more recently Bucklin's Tavern) from the brow of the hill, where 
 now is ' God's quiet acre' — Highland Cemetery, I learn from one 
 who had borne her own and the reader's share of the toil of that 
 weary pilgrimage — was not assuring. It was greeted by that lux- 
 ury of woman's woe — a good cry. 
 
history of washtenaw county. 533 
 
 woman's work. 
 
 "Forty-six years last June, with its lights and shadows, its 
 failures and its successes, its joys and its privations, have since 
 passed, and one who was the staff and stay of that little family has 
 gone to his rest on the hill that gave to those near and dear to him 
 a first outlook upon that pioneer life that was to come, and was to 
 be and was made to develop those forces of head and heart which 
 in the luxury and ease of an older civilization rarely appear. 
 
 " Nor was it always the dark side of the shield which looked out 
 upon the pioneer, for though many, perhaps most, of the earliest 
 settlers were a rough and godless band of hardy adventurers, yet 
 manhood and womanhood were there in all their strength and 
 beauty; and nowhere in the world of created intelligence did God's 
 ' last, best gift to man' more clearly assume the character of a help- 
 mate than in the log cabins and amid the rough and trying scenes 
 incident to a home in the wilderness. Ever foremost in the work 
 of civilization and progress, she was to-day physician, to-morrow 
 nurse, and the next day teacher, yet always busy in that wearisome 
 household work that knows no pause ' from morn till dewy eve,' 
 from month to month and year to year, as through many privations 
 and much new and strange experience of that ' necessity which is 
 the mother of invention,' husband and wife, hand to hand and 
 shoulder to shoulder, worked out in the green arches of the forest 
 the beginnings of the "Washtenaw of to-day. 
 
 PIONEER TRADING AND PRICES. 
 
 "Nor was the progress a slow one. The figures I have given 
 you show how rapid it was. Neighborhood then meant the Terri- 
 tory, and a ride of 20 or 30 miles, over a bottomless road, to an 
 afternoon's tea and visit was an ordinary matter. As early as 1829, 
 150 miles, from St. Joseph to Ypsilanti, was frequently traveled by 
 pioneers who wanted a few rolls carded or a little tea, shirting and 
 whisky. Merchandising meant in those days having everything to 
 sell which a pioneer wanted, and was brisk and lively. It's an even 
 question, whether the trade was not as good then as it is to-day 
 with some of this city's merchants. 
 
 "Take one example: Goods purchased in New York, having 
 made the tour of the Hudson, the Erie canal and the lake, are due 
 and anxiously expected in Detroit. Along the trail up the Huron 
 comes the intelligence that the schooner upon which they are is 
 passing up the river. Seven two and four-horse teams are started 
 through the mud for Detroit to await their arrival, and the mer- 
 chant goes with them. The vessel is becalmed at the mouth of the 
 river; he boards her in the stream, finds his merchandise in good 
 order, and returns to Detroit to await the coming of the schooner 
 and his venture. After a season they do come, and in 31 days from 
 New York they are on the shelves for sale at the reasonable prices 
 
534 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 (in July, 1829) which follow: Shirting, 12i cents a yard; sheeting, 
 18| cents; iron, 9 cents a pound; nails, 11 cents; tea$l@1.25; coffee, 
 25 cents; rnm, $1.50 per gallon; brandy, $2 (to inn-keepers, 
 $l.S7i); whisky, .50 cents; by the barrel, 37i cents. * * * 
 
 " Then as now, ' credit exceeded cash,' but there were but few 
 bad debts. I fin<^ but few accounts of those days unbalanced. Now 
 and then one is balanced, after the quaint and quiet way of the 
 bookkeeper, by the entry, ' Eunaway like a scoundrel.' In those 
 days it was imprisonment for debt, and debt was dreaded. Later, 
 in '39, '40 and '41, the balancing is not so uniform, and the bank- 
 rupt act of '40 appears on the ledger's pages much too often for the 
 health of the assets. 
 
 SOCIAL LIFE. 
 
 " Passing from the trade to the social life of those earlier days 
 let lue give you (still drawing from the old letters, which furnish so 
 accurately and truthfully the lights and shadows of pioneer life) a 
 scene near the Raisin, between Adrian and Monroe, in the winter of 
 '32 or '33. A party of two ladies and two gentlemen, after a weary 
 drive through the wilderness, passing on the way but two or three 
 log cabins, are approaching at nightfall the solitary log house of 
 Judge Tiffanj'. Here let the writer speak for herself: 
 
 ' Everything looked wild and gloomy without, and I must confess I dreaded to 
 go in with so many of us to stay, and we had heard that two families lived there ; 
 but in we went, when lo ! instead of seven or eight ragged children we might possi- 
 bly have seen, we found a large, comfortable fire, the inmates all well dressed, floor 
 carpeted, two large bureaus, a sideboard, a very large looking-glass, a large library 
 in one corner of the room, and a bass viol and bassoon hanging up. I assure you 
 the change from outside to inside view of the premises was sudden and startling. 
 There were about 20 persons present, most of whom came three or four miles, their 
 nearest neighbor being a mile and a half. The Judge's family came in last fall 
 from Palmyra, had a saw-mill in operation and a village laid out (of course) to be 
 called Fairfield — when they get a postoffice. We were affectionately received, hos- 
 pitably entertained, and found them a highly interesting and intelligent family. 
 
 " As 1 have said that whisky and godlessness were abroad in this 
 land, let me also add that prayer and true religion worked by their 
 side — the wheat with the tares, then, as ever, and no more fervent 
 prayer ever rose to heaven than wfent from that Christian home 
 from the lips of pioneer minister I. M. Wead, faithful to all life's 
 duties, even unto death. 
 
 " How comfortable the 12 or 15 inmates were put to sleep in the 
 many-bedded and raftered chambers, each bed partitioned from its 
 neighbors with snowy sheets and counterpanes, as was the custom 
 of those days! How kindly they were sped on their way in the 
 morning! You, from the picture of the letter, can better imagine 
 than I can describe. Now, as I draw near the conclusion of this 
 too lengthy paper, which I have no time to review or revise, I am 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW CODNTT. 535 
 
 painfully sensible of its many omissions. More tlian a reference is 
 justly due to the rise and growth ot 
 
 THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 
 
 of the State, whose first aged Superintendent has so feelingly in- 
 voked the blessings of heaven to rest upon your future life and la- 
 bors, as it has upon your past. The University and the Normal, 
 which from the bosom of old "Washtenaw annually send forth to 
 the. State and Nation young men and maidens trained for the 
 duties of life, deserve more Than a passing word. But I may not 
 longer weary your patience. They were not here in 1830, and are 
 not yet 6U years old, and I must leave them for the centennial, at 
 which time they will, without doubt, receive a due meed of com- 
 mendation at the hands of some yet unborn historian of the em- 
 pire, founded many years before by Ulysses I. 
 
 " It is not the great achievements of the Nation or State you are 
 here to-day to commemorate. As old neighbors and friends, now 
 more widely separate each from the other by the rushing speed of 
 the locomotive and the flash of the telegraph than were the pioneers 
 with their miles of wilderness and slow moving oxen, you meet 
 once again with kindly greeting, to I'enew the friendships and rec- 
 ollections of your youth; to fight your battles o'er; to tell your 
 children's children how the wilderness of 50 years ago was made to 
 blossom; how the 20 or 30 pioneers of the Fourth of July, 1824, 
 have come to the 40,000 of to-day; and how the curse of labor ' in 
 the sweat of thy brow shalt thou eat bread,' patiently endured, has 
 carried you surely and steadily on in falfiUment of the Divine 
 command, ' to multiply and replenish the earth and subdue it.' 
 But there shall be nobler triumph than any over inanimate nat- 
 ure. Man himself shall be subdued to abhorrence of vice, of in- 
 justice, of violence; subdued to the sweet charities of life; subdued 
 to all the requirements of duty and religion; subdued according to 
 the law of human progress to the recognition of that gospel law 
 by the side of which the moral is as the scaffolding upon the sacred 
 temple — the law of human brotherhood. To labor for this end 
 was man sent forth into the world. Not to the listlessness of idle 
 perfections, but endowed with infinite capacities, inspired by in- 
 finite desires, and commanded to strive perpetually after excellence, 
 amidst tiie encouragements of hope, the promise of final success, and 
 the inexpressible delights which spring from its pursuing. Thus 
 does the law of human progress assert eternal providence, and jus- 
 tify the ways of God to men." 
 
CHAPTEE XIX. 
 
 AGRICULTURE AND HORTIOUTURB. 
 WASHTENAW COUNTY AGEICDLTUEAL AND HOETICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Washtenaw county is distinguished for its agricultural produc- 
 tions. The county was originally settled mostly by men trained in 
 agricultural pursuits, the larger part being immigrants from the 
 State of New York. They brought with them but little capital, — 
 in many instances only sufficient to buy the land upon which they 
 located. But, however, they brought that which is better than 
 money — industrious habits; and, under the guiding influence of a 
 superior intelligence, they soon brought their lands into a high 
 state of cultivation, so that to-day Washtenaw countj' occupies the 
 proud position of being the first in the State in point of agricultural 
 interests. This grand achievement is due, in a great measure, to 
 the interest taken by her citizens in agricultural societies. Early 
 in its history a society was formed, in which her leading farmers 
 and artisans for a time took a lively interest, but, like many organ- 
 izations of the kind, it suspended operations, yielding to the old- 
 fogy way of doing things. The idea that 10 bushels of wheat to the 
 acre was about all that could be expected, and that book farming 
 was nonsense, seemed to take possession of the minds of many of 
 what were then called good farmers. A cow that would weigh 500 
 or 600 pounds and give six or eight quarts of milk daily, 
 and worth in the market $10 or $15, was looked upon as a very 
 remarkable animal. A sheep that would yield two and a half or 
 three pounds of wool, worth 25 or 30 cents a pound, was considered 
 a profitable acquisition to the stock of the farm. Now, under the 
 improved state of things, due, in part, to agricultural associations, 
 a yield of 25 or 30 bushels of wheat per acre is shown; cows are 
 exhibited that turn the scales at 1,400 pounds, and give 18 or 20 
 quarts of milk per day, and that sell in the marked from $50 to 
 $100. Sheep are also placed on exhibition which yield eight or 
 nine pounds of wool each, which brings in the market 40 or 50 cents 
 per pound. 
 
 The present agricultural society was formed in 1848, but owing 
 to a loss of records from that date to 1868, but a meager account of 
 its operations can be given. Its first president was Hon. William 
 Finley, who held the office for some years, and did much to advance 
 its interests. Prof. Agnew was its first secretary, and served two 
 or three years. He was succeeded by Lorenzo Davis, who filled tlie 
 office eight years. 
 
 (536) 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 537 
 
 The first fair was held in 1848, in the house and yard now occu- 
 pied by the Catholic school, in Ann Arbor. It was but a small 
 afikir compared with many that have since been held. 
 
 For several years following, the annual exhibitions of the society 
 were held at Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti and Dexter. The interest finally 
 becoming so general, it was deemed best to purchase land in Ann 
 Arbor for the use of the society and its permanent location. The 
 proposition was strongly opposed in some parts of the county. The 
 land now owned and occupied by the society was purchased in 
 1859 and a deed secured in 1870. 
 
 Among the presidents of the society prior to 1868, were Joshua 
 G. Leland, Horace Carpenter, Hiram Arnold and Henry Warner. 
 
 The 20th annual fair was held on the society's grounds, the first 
 week in October. The amount of the receipts was $2,045.55. D. 
 M. Finley was Superintendent of grounds and buildings during this 
 fair. Calvin Wheeler was President, and N. M. Schoff, Secretary. 
 
 At the annual meeting held Dec. 15, 1868, oflicers for the ensuing 
 year were elected as follows: Sampson Parker, President; John 
 J. Eobison, James J. Parshall, Hiram Arnold, Randolph Davis, 
 M. H. Goodrich, Vice-Presidents; IST. M. Schoft', Secretary; D. 
 Cramer, Cor. Secretary; Stephen M.Webster, Treasurer. The fair 
 for this year was held the last week in September. 
 
 The annual meeting of the society for 1869, was held Dec. 21. 
 Lyman S. Woods was elected President; Sampson Parker, David 
 M. Uhl, John G. Koch, Joshua G. Leland, Eobert McCall, A*ice- 
 Presidents; D. Cramer, Recording Secretary; Elihu B.Pond, Cor. 
 Secretary ; Stephen M. Webster, Treasurer. On the 6th of April, 
 1870, the managers of the society held a meeting at the secretary's 
 oflice, in Ann Arbor. At this meeting, the committee previously 
 appointed, on securing a title to land purchased by the society and 
 on life membership, reported the following list of names of life mem- 
 bers, each having contributed $20 or upward to the society: 
 
 W. S. Maynard. 
 J. G. Leland. 
 Robert Hooper. 
 Lewis Fritz. 
 C Hyland 
 James Kingsley. 
 V. Chapin 
 J.H. Sperry. 
 H. Krause. 
 D. Godfrey. 
 Johnson & Terry. 
 J. W. Maynard. 
 W. C. Voorhees 
 William S. Saunders. 
 A. Weideraann. 
 James B. Gott. 
 Michael Devaney. 
 A. J. Sutherland. 
 Solomon Sondheim. 
 M. Campion. 
 Luman R. Slawson. 
 
 L. Davis. 
 E. E. Leland. 
 H. W. Goodrich. 
 Joseph P. Jewett. 
 James Brown. 
 John J. Downer. 
 S. H. Sperry. 
 E. W. Morgan. 
 Charles Behr. 
 Philip Bach & Co. 
 Rufus Knight. 
 Mills & Wood. 
 Alanson Moore. 
 Isaac Dunn. 
 Moses Rogers. 
 Robert J. Barry. 
 Jacob Volland. 
 N. Cole. 
 Calvin Bliss. 
 William Wagner. 
 E. Lawrence. 
 
 H. D. Bennett. 
 
 E. M. Henriques. 
 J. C. Watts. 
 John N. Gott. 
 Herman Schlatterbeck. 
 C. S. Goodrich & Sod. 
 J. A Scott. 
 
 C. Eberbach. 
 C. H. MiUen. 
 Jacob Haogsteffer. 
 O. M Martm. 
 J. F. Royce. 
 George Sutton. 
 L. R. Buchoz, 
 Enoch James. 
 Thomas Earl. 
 David Heming. 
 
 F. Huson. 
 Schoff & Mill r. 
 Jacob Buel. 
 Stephen Mills. 
 
538 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Harlow Howe. 
 George S. Wood. 
 Austin A. Wood. 
 James C. Allen. 
 JohnGtddea. 
 Lemuel Foster. 
 Smith Botsford. 
 N.B.Nye. 
 F. Swift. 
 Solon Cook. 
 Louis Fritz, jr. 
 Daniel Hiscock. 
 J. D. Baldwin. 
 J. C. Bird. 
 Will 'am McCreary. 
 C. B. Thompson. 
 L.C. Risdon. 
 F. Muehlig 
 Henry Binder. 
 
 R. S. Smith. 
 R. Matthews 
 J. Weil & Bro. 
 
 C'harles Sooor. 
 O. Collier. 
 
 C. R. Thompson. 
 Alpheus Felch. 
 Horace Bootb. 
 O. D. Stevens. 
 Lyman S. Wood. 
 JessupWood. 
 James Sumner. 
 Horace Carpenter. 
 E . M. De Forest. 
 Jami s Rash. 
 David Depue. 
 
 J. H. Hicks. 
 Roswell Waterman. 
 R. Dav.s. 
 Sturms Kimberl}'. 
 E. L. Boyden. 
 Averill Bennett, 
 Hiram Arnold. 
 H. Lathrop 
 
 D. Brown. 
 
 W. S. Wa'erman. 
 
 D. M. Fmley &Bros. 
 A. H. Miller. 
 Edward Wallington. 
 .1. U. Reynolds. 
 
 E. White. 
 C S. Crane. 
 Simon F. Hirth. 
 Jacob April. 
 
 F. Laubengayer. 
 Fred Horning. 
 Joseph Jedele. 
 
 J. U. Laubengayer. 
 D. De Forest. 
 O. F. Parker. 
 Leonard Herman. 
 J. F. Stone. 
 George F. Rash. 
 John Rosenberger. 
 Zenas Bird. 
 Newton Sheldon. 
 Jonas Marsh. 
 Morgan O'Brien. 
 Goodale & Henley. 
 C. Mack. 
 A. P. Mills. 
 J. B. Arms. 
 J. W. Bradford. 
 Thomas Wood. 
 David Cody 
 Lorin Robinson. 
 O. E. Sweatland. 
 6. S. Waters. 
 Abraham Hirth. 
 George StoUsteimer. 
 Christian Frey. 
 John G. Koch. 
 Michael Andrews. 
 Jacob Beck. 
 Conrad Bessinger. 
 J. C. Chapin. 
 Thomas Cullinane. 
 David Nowland. 
 Daniel O'Hara. 
 
 Edward Tread well. 
 Lawson & Wuister 
 John W. Wheelock. 
 Charles H. Worden. 
 Michael Stein. 
 William F. Osius. 
 W. H. Calkins. 
 Z. Chitman. 
 J. B. Vanatta. 
 Nathan Salyer. 
 George Fisher. 
 Charles A. Chapin. 
 S. D. AVhittaker. 
 John Hagan. 
 Godfrey Miller. 
 John Brokaw. 
 J. T. Fuller. 
 Isaac Diamond. 
 Alexander Kerr. 
 Michael Cowan. 
 Benjamin Pryor. 
 John R. Geer. 
 J. J. Parshall. 
 John Sohaible. 
 Thomas White. 
 Frederick Stabler. 
 David Hass. 
 Michael Sager. 
 Matthew Sohaible. 
 S. Tucker. 
 Justus Nixon. 
 E. B. Pond. 
 
 Samuel 6. Sutherland . 
 L. R. Slaeor. 
 Ira Cushman, jr. 
 J. P. Gillett. 
 Christian Muller. 
 W. H. Dell. 
 Nelson Booth. 
 J. R. jMcLean. 
 Sedgwick Dean 
 E L. Dunn. 
 W. D Smith. 
 J. P. Dale. 
 
 In regard to the title, the cotniiiittee recomm ended the society to 
 get an enabling act so as to remove all doubts from the mind of the 
 purchaser, in case the societj' should ever be disposed to sell its 
 property. The annual fair was held October 5, 6 and 7, the receipts 
 of which amounted to $2,020, but not sufficient to meet expenses 
 by $140. 
 
 The 23d annual meeting was held Dec. 20, 1870, at which time 
 tlie following named othcers were elected: Lyman S. Wood, Presi- 
 dent; U. M. Uhl, Sampson Parker, John G. Koch, Joshua G. 
 Leland, G. A. Peters, Vice-Presidents; D. M. Finley. Recording 
 Secretary; Lorenzo Davis, Corresponding Secretary ; S. M. "Webster, 
 Treasurer. Tlie annual fair was held Oct. 4, 5 and 6, 1871, the 
 receipts amounting to $2,151. During this year improvements 
 were made, to the grounds, including the building of Floral Hall, 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 539 
 
 amounting to $1,438. This entailed an indebtedness on the society 
 amounting to $1,138. 
 
 The 24th annual meeting for the election of officers was held at 
 Ann Arbor on the 19th of December, 1871, resulting as follows: 
 Isaac M. Whittaker, President; George C. Arms, John V. N. 
 Gregory, James J. Parshall, David Cody, David M. Uhl, V^ice- 
 Presidents; David M. Finley, Recording Secretary ; Lorenzo Davis, 
 Corresponding Secretary; Stephen M. Webster, Treasurer. The fair 
 was held the first week in October, and was said to have been the 
 best in the previous history of the society. The new floral Imll 
 building added much to the convenience of exhibitors. 
 
 Dec. 17, 1872, the society again met for the election of officers, 
 which election resulted as follows: John J. Robison, President; 
 Edward L. Boyden, John Lowrey, J. G. Leland, Jacob H. Hicks, 
 Morgan O'Brien, Vice-Presidents; David M. Finley, Recording 
 Secretary; Lorenzo Davis, Corresponding Secretary; James J. Par- 
 shall, Treasurer. The fair was held in the latter part of September, 
 1873. 
 
 The election of officers was held Dec. IH, 1873, resulting as fol- 
 lows: John J. Robison, President; J. G. Leland, George A.Peters, 
 
 B. Spencer, David Cody, G. N. B. Ren wick, Vice-Presidents; J. E. 
 Sumner, Recording Secretary; Lorenzo Davis, Corresponding Secre- 
 tary; James J. Parshall, Treasurer. The annual fair was held the 
 last week in September, 1874. Never before were there such a 
 fine lot of cattle on exhibition. The number of sheep was so large 
 that it necessitated the building of additional pens. There were 
 280 entries of horses in the different classes. 
 
 The 27th annual meeting was held Dec. 5, 1874; J. G. Leland 
 was elected President; Sampson Parker, George A. Peters, Hiram 
 Arnold, William H. Dell, D. M. Uhl, Vice-Presidents; William A. 
 Lovejoy, Recording Secretary; Lorenzo Davis, Corresponding Secre- 
 tary; J.J. Parshall, Treasurer. The annual fair was held on the 
 grounds of the society the last week in September, 1875. It was 
 quite successful, although the weather on the first day was very 
 unfavorable. 
 
 Dec. 20, 1875, the annual meeting was again held, the choice for 
 officers resulting in the election of Philip Bach, President; J. G. 
 Leland, D. M. Uhl, Sampson Parker, George A. Peters, W. H. 
 Dell, Vice-Presidents; William A. Lovejoy, Recording and Corre- 
 sponding Secretary; J. J. Parshall, Treasurer. Mr. Bach, declining 
 to serve as President, Sampson Parker was afterward elected to fill 
 the vacancy. Wesley Canfield was elected Vice-President to fill the 
 vacancy occasioned by the election of Mr. Parker to the presidency. 
 At a meeting held Aug. 26, 1876, L. C. Risdon was elected Vice- 
 President to fill the vacancy caused by the deatli of Mr. Leland. 
 The annual fair was held in September, 1876. 
 
 The society again met for the election of officers Dec. IS, 1876. 
 The following named were chosen: Sampson Parker, President; 
 
 C. H. Richmond, Hiram Arnold, George W. Phelps, E. D. L-v, 
 
540 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Jesse Warner, Vice-Presidents; W. A. Lovejoy, Recording and Cor- 
 responding Secretary; J. J. Parshall, Treasurer. 
 
 At an adjourned meeting of the society, held Feb. 24, 1877, on 
 motion of John J. Robison, a committee of four were appointed to 
 submit to the officers of the Eastern Michigan Agricultural Society 
 a proposition with reference to consolidating the two fairs. John 
 J. Robison, Sampson Parker, J. W. Wing and George W. Phelps 
 were appointed the committee. After consultation, they made the 
 following report: 
 
 To the o-fficers and members of the Eastern Michigan\Agricii,ltural and Mechani- 
 cal Society: 
 
 Believing tliat tlie best interests of the two agricultural societies organized and 
 doing business in the county, would be greatly enhanced by a proper consolidation 
 of said societies ; therefore, we, the undersigned, committee of the Washtenaw 
 Agricultural and Horticultural Society, for the purpose of presenting this proposi- 
 tion, would respectfully request your society to take steps to effect this consolida- 
 tion, either by a jomt meeting of the executive committees of the two societies, 
 or otherwise, as yoTi may think best. 
 
 The report was accepted, and, after discussion, adopted, when the 
 same committee, on motion, were appointed to meet with the East- 
 ern Michigan Agricultural and Mechanical Society. The com- 
 mittee performed the duty required of them, and on the 13th of 
 March. 1877, the executive committees of both societies met and 
 adopted the following preamble and resolution: 
 
 Whereas, We believe it will be the interest of each society that they shall not 
 hold their meetings upon the same year ; therefore be it 
 
 Resolved, That the Executive Committees of each society, here present, agree 
 that the Eastern Michigan Agricultural and Mechanical Association shall hold a 
 fair at Ypsilanti next fall, and that the Washtenaw County Agricultural and Horti- 
 cultural Society shall hold a fair during the fall of 1878, at Ann Arbor, and that 
 their fairs shall be held alternately thereafter each year for six years; and that at 
 whichever place the fair shall be held the other society shall give their general at- 
 tendance and assistance to such society ; and that all the moneys and proceeds 
 arising from the holding of a fair shall belong to and be the property of the asso- 
 ciation holding the same, and subject entirely to their control. 
 
 According to the foregoing recommendation, no fair was held at 
 Ann Arbor in the fall of 1877, but during the summer the grand 
 stand was built, at a cost of $615. 
 
 The annual meeting for this year was held Dec. 18, 1877, at 
 which time Sampson Parker was elected President; David M. Uhl, 
 M. H. Goodrich, Daniel Le Baron, George S. Wheeler, George A. 
 Peters, Vice-Presidents; W. A. Lovejoy, Rec. Secretary; Lorenzo 
 Davis, Cor. Secretary; J. J. Parshall, Treasurer. The fair for 1878 
 was held October i, 2, 3 and 4. The receipts at this fair were 
 $3,045. 
 
 At the annual meeting in December, 1878, the following named 
 were elected officers for the year: Sampson Parker, President; J. 
 S. Henderson, J. Vanatta, J. J. Jedele, D. M. Uhl. D. G. Rose, 
 Vice-Presidents; Byron Green, Rec. Secretary; E. H. Scott, Cor. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 641 
 
 ft 
 
 Secretary; J. J. Parshall, Treasurer. The arrangement made two 
 years previous, by which the Eastern Michigan and Washtenaw 
 county fairs were to be held alternately at Ypsilanti and Ann Ar- 
 bor, it was thought best to abandon, and the time of the annual 
 fair was set for Sept. 30, and Oct. 1, 2 and 3, 1879. The fair 
 was not as successful as other years on accountof bad weather. The 
 receipts were $2,274. 
 
 At the annual meeting held in December, 1879, Sampson Parker 
 was elected President; E. T. Walker, J. W. Wing, D. L. Godfrey, 
 David Cody, John S. l^Jowlaud, Vice-Presidents; E". M. Schoff, 
 Hec. Secretary; William R. Henderson, Cor. Secretary; J. J. 
 Parshall, Treasurer. 
 
 At a meeting of the Executive Committee, at Ann Arbor, March 
 13, 1880, the president, secretary and treasurer were authorized to 
 issue bonds of the society to the amount of $3,000, due in eight 
 years, the proceeds of which would be applied on indebtedness. 
 
 The fair for this year was held Sept. 28, 29, 30 and Oct. 1. 
 
 At the annual meeting Dec. 21, 1880, the following named offi- 
 cers were chosen: E. T. Walker, President; J. W. Wing, J". D. 
 Baldwin, David Cody, Martin Cook, W. B. Thompson, Vice-Pres- 
 idents; John N. Bailey, Rec. Secretary; D. M. Finley, Cor. Secre- 
 tary ; Willard B. Smith, Treasurer. 
 
 The society owns 22|^ acres of ground within the city limits of 
 Ann Arbor, on which there is a floral hall, grand stand, agricultural 
 hall, secretary and treasurer's office, barns, stalls, sheds and other 
 conveniences. There is also a good half-mile track. Successive 
 rains during the week of fair for several years, together with the 
 large amount of money expended in buildings and keeping the 
 grounds in order, have caused an indebtedness against the society 
 which should be met by the citizens of the county, and especially 
 of Ann Arbor. 
 
 A history of the operation of this society would not be complete 
 without special mention of some of those who have contributed to 
 its success. Among these are William Finley, its first President; 
 D. M. Uhl, George Sutton, William S. Maynard, Joshua G. Le- 
 land, Lyman S. Wood, Sampson Parker, Horace Carpenter, John 
 Nowland, E. T. Walker, J. J. Parshall, Lorenzo Davis, William H. 
 Dell, David Cody, Gen. Asa Williams, Newton Sheldon, Moses 
 Rogers, I. N. S. Foster, William Finley and others. Mr. Parshall 
 served as Treasurer for nine consecutive years, and gave much time 
 to the work. 
 
 WASHTENAW POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Mr. J. Austin Scott, of Ann Arbor, Vice-President ot the Mich- 
 igan State Pomological Society for Washtenaw county, in May, 
 1878, invited the fruit men of said county, through the Ann Arbor 
 papers, to hold a meeting at Ann Arbor, for the purpose of organiz- 
 ing a pomological society. 
 
5i2 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The call was well received by the fruit-loving people of the 
 county, and in June, 1878, the first meeting was held. 
 
 J. D. Baldwin, of Ann Arbor, was chosen chairnaan, and Emil 
 Baner, of same place, secretary of the meeting. The meeting was 
 well attended, and composed of the most intelligent fruit-growers 
 of the county. 
 
 The meeting was addressed by Messrs. S. W. Dorr, J. Austin 
 Scott, Jacob Ganzhorn, C. G. Clark, and others. This county was 
 unanimously acknowledged to be one of the best in the State for 
 fruit purposes. A strong enthusiasm was manifested by all present 
 favoring the organization of a county pomological society. The 
 peach received the lion's share of attention in this meeting. 
 
 Judge Edwin Lawrence, C. G. Clark, and Jacob Ganzhorn were 
 chosen a committee to draw up a constitution and by-laws, and to 
 report at next meeting. The meeting then adjourned for four 
 weeks. 
 
 June Meeting, 1878. — The committee on a constitution and by- 
 laws submitted articles of association, which, after a few amend- 
 ments, were adopted. The following officers were then elected by 
 ballot, to serve one year: President, Judge Edwin Lawrence, Ann 
 Arbor; Yice-Presidents, S. W. Dorr, Manchester; E. S. Boyden, 
 Webster; E. D. Lay, Ypsilanti; Secretary, Dr. W. W. Nichols, 
 Ann Arbor; Treasurer, J. J. Parshall, Ann Arbor; Executive 
 Committee — J. Austin Scott, Ann Arbor; F. F. Tucker, Chelsea; 
 C. H. Woodruff, Ann Arbor; William P. Grooves, Northfield. 
 
 C. H. Woodruff displayed two very fine plates of seedling straw- 
 berries (no name) of his own raising, which he claimed to be as 
 productive as the Wilson, but sweeter, and holding out larger in 
 the last picking. 
 
 The society decided to discuss the apple at the next meeting, and 
 J. C. Rouse, of Pittsfield, was requested to furnish a paper on the 
 subject. 
 
 August Meeting, 1878. — At this meeting Mr. J. C. Eouse pre- 
 sented his paper on the apple and its cultivation, which was highly 
 endorsed by J. J. Parshall, of Ann Arbor, who said it agreed with 
 his own experience. 
 
 Mr. William P. Grooves made a few remarks on pruning trees. 
 He said the best plan was to prune every year. He also said his 
 plan was to leave the most limbs on the southwest side of the tree, 
 so as to better withstand the heavy winds which prevail from that 
 quarter. 
 
 Mr. Jacob Ganzhorn then followed in the discussion and spoke 
 at length on the subject. In the course of his remarks he said he 
 favored thorough cultivation of small orchards— till they are well 
 established at least — and had no objections to hoed crops being 
 grown in the orctiards during the time. He made some good re- 
 marks in regard to the pruning of trees. 
 
 Mr. J. Austin Scott took the floor next and gave the society some 
 interesting experiences of his with two orchards of fruits, which 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 543 
 
 he used to own back in Ohio. He believed that Michigan was the 
 best apple State in the Union. 
 
 A discnssion then arose between Messrs. Scott, Grooves and 
 Clark upon the merits of the Baldwin apple for market purposes 
 and home consumption. Mr. Scott did not believe the Baldwin 
 would be a very desirable apple in the future, while Messrs. Grooves 
 and Clark spoke in favor of the Baldwin, in regard to its bearing 
 qualities, as well as those heretofore mentioned. 
 
 The peach was made the subject of the next meeting, and J. D. 
 Baldwin was invited to prepare a paper on this topic. 
 
 September Meeting, 1878. — Mr. Baldwin was President,and as pre- 
 viously requested, addressed the society on the cultivation of the 
 peach. lie favored the plan of planting the peach-trees in an orchard 
 of themselves, believing it to be more profitable. He explained t o 
 the meeting his ideas of planting an orchard of this kind, which were 
 very interesting, and attentively listened to by the society. Mr. 
 Baldwin also spoke of the advantages of this society to the fruit- 
 growers in the way of saving money, by united action on peach 
 baskets. 
 
 October Meeting, \^1%. — This meeting was mainly occupied by the 
 election of oflicers, being the annual meeting; the following officers 
 were elected for the ensuing year: President — J. Austin Scott, 
 Ann Arbor; Vice-Presidents — J. D. Baldwin, Ann Arbor; S. W. 
 Dorr, Manchester; J. C. Rouse, Pittsfield township; Secretai'y — 
 Jacob Ganzhorn, Ann Arbor; Treasurer — J. J. Parshall, Ann 
 Arbor; Executive Board — F. F. Tucker, Chelsea; "William C. 
 Grooves, Northfield township; Charles H. Woodrufi", Ann Arbor; 
 N. B. Covert, Ann Arbor. 
 
 Mr. Jacob Ganzhorn read a paper on the strawberry, raspberry, 
 blackberry, currant, gooseberry, grape, quince, pear, cherry and 
 plum. 
 
 November Meeting, 1878. — The pear was the subject selected for 
 discussion. 
 
 Mr. Everett H. Scott read a paper on this topic, speaking of the 
 soil, pruning, and cultivation of this delicious fruit. He was fol- 
 lowed by Messrs. E". B. Covert, J. D. Baldwin, President Scott, J. 
 J. Parshall and Jacob Ganzhorn, all of whom gave the meeting 
 their experience in the raising and cultivation of this fruit. 
 
 January Meeting, 1879. — This meeting was largely occupied by 
 reports of the annual meeting of the State Pomological Society 
 held in December, 1878, at Paw Paw, by S. W. Dorr and J. D. 
 Baldwin, who were delegates from this society. 
 
 N. B. Covert made a few remarks about the apple, followed by 
 S. W. Dorr upon the same subject. He favored the planting of 
 peas in the fruit orchards. Mr. Baldwin being called upon for a 
 few remarks about the soil suitable for peaches, said that he would 
 rather pay $100 per acre for clay land for growing the peach upon 
 than to take sandy soil for nothing. He wanted nothing to do with 
 
544 BISTORT OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 sandy soil for the peach. He added that the location of a peach 
 orchard should have perfect air-drainage. 
 
 February Meeting, 1879. — The society met with the Farmers' 
 Club on Feb. 15. The subjects discussed were mainly pertaining 
 to farming. 
 
 March Meeting, 1879. — In this meeting the Farmers' Club met 
 with this society, the discussions covering farm and fruit topics. 
 Mr. S. W. Dorr, who was a delegate from this society to the State 
 Pomological Society, held at Lansing, made a report upon the 
 same in writing, and also read a paper on the disease of the peach, 
 and on the depredations of the curculio. Mr. Dorr received the 
 thanks of the society for his interesting report on the Lansing meet- 
 ing, and for his able paper on the peach and plum. A discussion 
 then followed in regard to nurserymen, after which, the president 
 advised the society to buy only of reliable nurserymen. Mr. Dorr's 
 paper spoke about the yellows in the peach, and J. D. Baldwin 
 cautioned the society to buy only where the yellows did not exist. 
 A short discussion on the depredations committed by lawless peo- 
 ple in stealing fruit followed. Aline display of apples from sev- 
 eral members of the society were on exhibition, and were admired 
 very much. 
 
 April Meeting, 1879. — This meeting was chiefly devoted to the 
 discussion of the cultivation of small fruits. 
 
 A paper on this subject was read by the Rev. Benjamin Day. He 
 recommended their cultivation to all who have gardens. He con- 
 trasted the new and improved varieties with the old, much to the 
 detriment of the latter. He spoke for some time upon the culti- 
 vating process. He was followed by J. D.Baldwin, who made 
 some remarks on the cultivation of the raspberry. 
 
 President Scott said he would defend the cultivation of the apple. 
 He said it had been the leading fruit for the past 40 years, and be- 
 lieved it would be the same in the future. Mr. N. B. Covert gave 
 his observations on the tent caterpillar and other insects injurious 
 to the apple. Mr. J. D. Baldwin arose again, and spoke of the peach 
 borer, so injurious to that fruit. A tine display of apples was made 
 at the meeting by Mr. D. L. Godfrey. 
 
 May Meeting, 1879. — At this meeting Mr. A. W. Toms made a 
 fine display of plants in bloom. Mr. Covert contributed a paper on 
 birds, which called out some discussion on the question whether 
 the robin was a useful bird to the fruit-grower or not. Mr. Ganzhorn 
 read an extended paper on the cultivation of fruit, advocating thor- 
 ough culture, with proper restriction to allow the wood of the new 
 growth to ripen. Mr. Baldwin then made a few remarks upon the 
 cultivation of the peach. 
 
 June Meeting, 1879. — This meeting was well attended, about 
 as many ladies being present as gentlemen. The strawberry and 
 its culture, and an exhibition of this fruit, was the main work of 
 this meeting, per programme. The display of strawberries consti- 
 tuted the principal attraction of the meeting. Mr. Baldwin opened 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 5J5 
 
 the discussion on this luscious berrj, and was followed by Charles 
 H. Woodruif, who spoke mainly on the seedling strawberry. He 
 showed several varieties of these which were very fine. President 
 Scott then spoke a few minutes on this valuable fruit. A committee 
 of three were appointed to examine the fruit on exhibition, and after 
 a ten minutes' recess, reported on the 16 plates displayed. Keport 
 received by society. IS". B. Covert next read a paper on orni- 
 thology. Mrs. N". H. Pierce read a poem, entitled " Small Things," 
 which was liked very much. Remarks were then made by Mr. J. 
 D. Baldwin on the peach rot, and by N. B. Covert, on curculio. 
 Some specimens of fine dried apples were then distributed to the 
 society, by the secretary, being a present from Mr. Williams, of 
 Grand Haven. 
 
 August Meeting^ 1879. — The secretary read circulars from the 
 secretary of the State Pomological Society, regarding their annual 
 exhibition to be held at Detroit, in September, 1879. President 
 Scott made an earnest appeal to the society to be represented at the 
 Stat* fair. The secretary then read an extended paper on the fruit 
 interest of the county, which was very interesting and showed the 
 interest and energy displayed by the fruit-growers 'of this county. 
 The president alluded to the successful peach culture of Judge 
 Lawrence, and of the extensive fruit operation of J. D. Baldwin, 
 wishing that the society might take notice, and help to raise the 
 standard of fruit culture. 
 
 September Meeting, 1879. — At this meeting C. H. Woodrufli" 
 presented the society with a fine display of white and black seedling 
 grapes, and also some choice peaches. After this, Mrs. Pierce read 
 an essay, which was received with much delight. The president, 
 after asking the vice-president to take the chair, spoke at some 
 length upon his labors with a like society in Ohio for 20 years; 
 touched upon the fruit interest of the county, believed it to be 
 one of the most important, and concluded by saying that Wash- 
 tenaw county was destined to be one of the most flourishing fruit 
 counties in the State. Judge Page here took the floor, and made a 
 few remarks on the importance of the peach crop, and urged their 
 more extended cultivation. Prof. Bauer then arose and said he 
 believed that in future fruit-growing ought to become a separate 
 business from farming. He also said that fruit-growers must be 
 cautious in advising others to embark in this business, who had 
 seen but little experience. 
 
 Mr. Covert said he believed apple-growing paid twice as much as 
 any other branch of agriculture, and concluded his remarks with a 
 glorious tribute to the genuine pomologist, for being ever ready, 
 and always generous with the knowledge he possessed, to aid his 
 friends in this noble work. 
 
 The president then spoke in regard to fruit orchards of all kinds, 
 and hoped the day was not far distant when every farmer would 
 have one of them, with plenty of small fruits. 
 
546 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Prof. Bauer remarked for a few minutes on the excellency of the 
 Catawba grape for market purposes, and closed by saying he 
 believed the fruit-man could grow the fruit for the farmer better 
 and cheaper. 
 
 October Meeting, 1879. — Tiiis meeting was mostly taken up by 
 the election of officers for the ensuing year. An entertaining paper 
 was read by Mrs. Pierce. 
 
 November Meeting, 1879. — The canker worm was the topic of 
 discussion at this meeting, and some good remarks were made by 
 tlie different members on the subject. 
 
 AGKICDLTUEAL STATISTICS.* 
 
 The following shows the acres, bushels and average per acre ot 
 
 wheat harvested in Washtenaw county for the four years mentioned : 
 
 Acres. Bushels. Average. Acres. Bushels. Average. 
 
 1876 58,817 919,309 15.63 1878 66,761 1,560,036 ^37 
 
 1877 55,410 ^1,184,050 21..37 1879 65,768 1,459,773 33.04 
 
 The average of wheat per acre in Washtenaw county in 1876 was 
 exceeded by only the following counties in the State: Cheboygan, 
 Cliippewa, Ionia, Ontonagon, Presque Isle. In 1877 by Bay, Clare, 
 Genesee, Ionia, Lapeer, Macomb, Manitou, Oakland, Ontonagon, 
 Saginaw, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Wayne. In 1878 by Ionia and Ke- 
 weenaw. In 1879 by Clinton, Ionia and Schoolcraft. As a wheat- 
 producing county few counties exceed Washtenaw. 
 
 In 1880 there were in Washtenaw county 3,392 farms containing 
 205,150 acres improved and 126,081 acres unimproved lands, with 
 an average of 115.18 acres to each farm, given herewith in detail: 
 
 Improved. 
 
 Ann Arbor 14,583 
 
 Augusta 7,139 
 
 Bridgewater 15,330 
 
 Dexter 10,836 
 
 Freedom 13,855 
 
 Lima 13,142 
 
 Lodi 14,733 
 
 Lyndon. 11,433 
 
 Manchester 15,1.36 
 
 Northfield 13,057 
 
 Pittsfleld 13,325 
 
 Salem 13,839 
 
 Saline 13,793 
 
 Scio 13,826 
 
 Sharon 13,838 
 
 Superior 14,736 
 
 Sylvan 13,581 
 
 "Webster 13,577 
 
 York 14,386 
 
 Ypsilanti 14,803 
 
 Ypsilanti City 149 
 
 2d District 149 
 
 Unlm- 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Average 
 
 provea. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Pai-ms. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 4,813 
 
 19,396 
 
 333 
 
 83.60 
 
 5,913 
 
 14,043 
 
 143 
 
 91,85 
 
 6,437 
 
 31,67*7 
 
 196 
 
 110.55 
 
 7,838 
 
 18,654 
 
 130 
 
 143.49 
 
 6,540 
 
 20,399 
 
 198 
 
 103.03 
 
 8,075 
 
 30,317 
 
 154 
 
 131.28 
 
 4,541 
 
 19,264 
 
 160 
 
 130.40 
 
 7,795 
 
 19,238 
 
 133 
 
 156.33 
 
 7,330 
 
 23,456 
 
 338 
 
 94.35 
 
 8,301 
 
 30,358 
 
 200 
 
 101.79 
 
 3,439 
 
 16,754 
 
 133 
 
 136.31 
 
 5,791 
 
 19,630 
 
 194 
 
 101.13 
 
 5,081 
 
 18,874 
 
 151 
 
 124.99 
 
 6,166 
 
 19,993 
 
 160 
 
 124.95 
 
 .5,043 
 
 18,881 
 
 137 
 
 137.83 
 
 7,048 
 
 31,774 
 
 332 
 
 107.79 
 
 7,681 
 
 30,363 
 
 163 
 
 124.31 
 
 6,113 
 
 18,689 
 
 128 
 
 146.01 
 
 7,364 
 
 31,650 
 
 192 
 
 112.76 
 
 4,714 
 
 19,517 
 
 169 
 
 115.49 
 
 60 
 
 309 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 209 
 
 
 
 *The towns omitted in these tables were not reported. 
 
(^^^^y<^^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 549 
 
 The following shows the number of acres, bushels 
 yield of wheat in 1879, and acres sown in May, 1880 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Ann Arbor township 3,468 
 
 Ann Arbor City 65 
 
 3d and 4th Wards 40 
 
 5th and 6th Wards 25 
 
 Augusta 1,340 
 
 Bridgewater 3,956 
 
 Dexter 2,737 
 
 Freedom 3,618 
 
 Lima 3,781 
 
 Lodi 3,783 
 
 Lyndon 3,795 
 
 Manchester 3,611 
 
 Northfield 3,002 
 
 Pittsfield 3,199 
 
 Salem 3,303 
 
 Saline 3,419 
 
 Scio 3,909 
 
 Sharon 4 000 
 
 Superior 2,708 
 
 Sylvan 3,719 
 
 Webster 3,390 
 
 York 3,139 
 
 Ypsilanti 3,737 
 
 Ypsilanti City 9 
 
 3d District 9 
 
 The following shows the number of acres of corn, bushels of ears; 
 also acres and bushels of oats in 1879: 
 
 ushels, 
 
 sso- 
 
 and average 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Average. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 73,986 
 
 21.33 
 
 3,926 
 
 1,234 
 
 18.98 
 
 74 
 
 780 
 
 19.50 
 
 52 
 
 450 
 
 18.16 
 
 22 
 
 39,703 
 
 33.17 
 
 1,833 
 
 86,041 
 
 31.75 • 
 
 4,882 
 
 56,738 
 
 30.73 
 
 3,081 
 
 84,812 
 
 23.44 
 
 3,839 
 
 94,501 
 
 24.99 
 
 4,133 
 
 89,869 
 
 33.76 
 
 4,283 
 
 53,853 
 
 18.91 
 
 3,000 
 
 93,114 
 
 34.43 
 
 4,355 
 
 56,440 
 
 18.80 
 
 2,847 
 
 68,782 
 
 31.53 
 
 3,356 
 
 70,594 
 
 
 3,203 
 
 79,339 
 
 33.31 
 
 3,770 
 
 93,128 
 
 23.83 
 
 4,267 
 
 96,723 
 
 34.18 
 
 4,267 
 
 49,850 
 
 18.41 
 
 3,094 
 
 75,100 
 
 30.19 
 
 3,041 
 
 79,951 
 
 33.47 
 
 3,690 
 
 63,639 
 
 30.34 
 
 3,834 
 
 53,548 
 
 19.64 
 
 3,341 
 
 345 
 
 27.23 
 
 30 
 
 245 
 
 27.23 
 
 30 
 
 -COKN." 
 
 -Oats.- 
 
 acres. hu. ears, acres, oats. 
 
 Ann Arbor. .1,516 
 A. A. City.. 60 
 3&4thW'rds 34 
 5&6thW'rds 36 
 
 Augusta 1,335 
 
 Bridgewater. 1 , 578 
 
 Dexter 1,107- 
 
 Freedom 1,222 
 
 Lima 1,259 
 
 Lodi 1,431 
 
 Lyndon ...1,213 
 Manchester.. 1,635 
 Xorthfield.... 1,100 
 
 104,697 
 
 3,670 
 
 1,530 
 
 2,150 
 
 104,380 
 
 100,593 
 
 64,199 
 
 78,963 
 
 90,840 
 
 100,397 
 
 68,468 
 
 116,115 
 
 70,800 
 
 682 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 679 
 
 1,022 
 
 464 
 
 900 
 
 828 
 
 996 
 
 234 
 
 678 
 
 486 
 
 39,896 
 
 440 
 
 340 
 
 100 
 
 31,182 
 
 44,063 
 
 16,986 
 
 39,858 
 
 37,667 
 
 47,427 
 
 6,781 
 
 37,416 
 
 20,600 
 
 -CORN.- 
 
 acres. 
 . .1,237. 
 
 Pittsfield 
 
 Salem 
 
 Saline 1,645 
 
 Scio 1,394 
 
 Sharon 1,736 
 
 Superior 1,383 
 
 Sylvan 1,.379 
 
 Webster ...1,363 
 
 York 2,018 
 
 Ypsilanti. ...1,862 
 
 Ypsil'ti City 19 
 
 3d District. 19 
 
 tiu. ears. 
 100,794 
 
 — Oats. — , 
 acres, oats. 
 841 39,440 
 
 118,688 
 
 1,041 47,978 
 
 103,905 
 
 742 29,163 
 
 128,545 
 
 531 30,830 
 
 55,260 
 
 862 35,100 
 
 96,805 
 
 667 35,688 
 
 84,845 
 
 614 35,114 
 
 135,370 1,209 47,115 
 
 137,250 
 
 1,126 43,010 
 
 1,235 
 
 12 495 
 
 1,335 
 
 12 495 
 
 Of clover seed and barley, there were raised in 1879 
 
 ^Clovek Seed.—, ^Baelet.^ ^Clover Seed. 
 
 acres. Dusli. acres, bushels. acres. Dush. 
 
 667 397 10,772 
 .... 13 14 
 
 ... 13 14 
 
 .494 
 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 A. A. City 
 
 3 & 4th Wards.... 
 5 & 6th Wards.... 
 
 Augusta 123 
 
 Bridgewater . . . 698 
 
 Dexter 340 
 
 Freedom 974 
 
 Lima 668 
 
 Lodi 672 
 
 Lyndon 364 
 
 Manchester 459 
 
 34 
 
 243 
 1,336 
 
 374 
 1,610 
 1,164 
 1,170 
 
 448 
 
 774 
 
 148 
 132 
 100 
 264 
 172 
 16 
 179 
 
 3,470 
 2,964 
 2,664 
 8,044 
 4,782 
 303 
 4,835 
 
 Northfiel 243 320 
 
 Pittsfield 854 1,130 
 
 Saline 547 902 
 
 Scio 577 638 
 
 fcharon 812 1,038 
 
 Superior 431 631 
 
 Sylvan 437 730 
 
 Webster 306 364 
 
 York 474 791 
 
 Ypsilanti 779 1,357 
 
 Ypsilanti City 
 
 .^ ^Barley. -, 
 
 acres, busliels. 
 
 340 6,640 
 
 153 
 
 73 
 149 
 103 
 391 
 
 69 
 395 
 
 49 
 
 65 
 
 4,215 
 1,267 
 3,517 
 2,506 
 7,940 
 1,754 
 8,077 
 1,150 
 1,449 
 
650 
 
 HIST0R1 OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The following shows the number of acres and bushels of potatoes 
 as well as acres and tons of hay raised in 1879: 
 
 , — Potatoes. — ^, 
 acres, tmsli. 
 
 -Hay.- 
 
 Ann Arbor. .146 
 A. A. City.... 
 3 & 4th Wards 3 
 5 & 6th Wards 3 
 
 Augusta 80 
 
 Bridgewater. . l09 
 
 Dexter 103 
 
 Freedom 130 
 
 Lima 117 
 
 Lodi 135 
 
 Lyndon 75 
 
 Manchester.. 98 
 
 11,833 
 
 379 
 
 339 
 
 150 
 
 8,840 
 
 9,663 
 
 6,634 
 
 9,168 
 
 10,380 
 
 9,767 
 
 4,387 
 
 9,793 
 
 acres. 
 
 3.538 
 
 ■ 71 
 
 51 
 
 20 
 
 1,095 
 
 3,466 
 
 1,936 
 
 3,355 
 
 3,398 
 
 3,413 
 
 1,946 
 
 3,360 
 
 Uusli. 
 
 3,035 
 
 80 
 
 51 
 
 29 
 
 3,063 
 
 3,054 
 
 2,105 
 
 3,333 
 
 3,698 
 
 3,919 
 
 3,140 
 
 3,945 
 
 — Potatoes. — 
 acres. DusU. 
 
 ,— Hay.— ^ 
 acres, bush . 
 
 Northfield... .111 
 
 Pittsfield 54 
 
 Saline 61 
 
 Scio 91 
 
 Sharon 86 
 
 Superior .... 93 
 
 Sylvan 103 
 
 Webster 84 
 
 Yorli 104 
 
 Ypsilanti 171 
 
 Ypsil'ti City. 7 
 
 10,160 
 5,756 
 7,739 
 9,260 
 7,747 
 9,608 
 7,512 
 7,987 
 6,557 
 
 15,840 
 445 
 
 1,707 
 2,334 
 3,228 
 3,280 
 2,436 
 2,314 
 3,410 
 3,326 
 3,465 
 3,781 
 34 
 
 3,201 
 
 3,738 
 3,973 
 3,456 
 3,366 
 3,453 
 3,027 
 2,821 
 3,878 
 3,588 
 35 
 
 Tlie following shows the live stock in 1880 
 Horses. Mllcli Cows. Hogs. 
 
 Ann Arbor 621 516 655 
 
 Ann Arbor City... 112 58 61 
 
 .3d & 4th Wards... 101 48 43 
 
 5th & 6th Wards... 11 10 18 
 
 Augusta 404 .544 810 
 
 Bridgewater 669 637 938 
 
 Dexter -478 434 684 
 
 Freedom- ••• 513 681 847 
 
 Lima 613 517 670 
 
 Lodi 631 550 1,446 
 
 Lyndon 439 406 633 
 
 Mancliester 543 555 743 
 
 Horses. 
 
 Northfield 336 
 
 Pittsfield 497 
 
 SaUne 564 
 
 Scio 544 
 
 Sharon 507 
 
 Superior 463 
 
 Sylvan 562 
 
 Webster 586 
 
 York 667 
 
 Ypsilanti 597 
 
 Ypsilanti City 5 
 
 Jlllcii Cows. Hogs. 
 
 343 
 473 
 530 
 502 
 468 
 430 
 50S 
 453 
 630 
 606 
 4 
 
 445 
 668 
 941 
 835 
 664 
 681 
 711 
 567 
 1,104 
 779 
 8 
 
 The following shows the number of sheep sheared and pounds of 
 
 wool in 1879: lus. 
 
 ol Woo!. Number. 
 
 50,850 Pittsfield 9,179 
 
 16,303 Saline 9,241 
 
 60,118 Scio 7,852 
 
 43,237 Sharon 8,966 
 
 46,975 Superior 5,805 
 
 46,205 Sylvan 7,536 
 
 62,907 Webster 9,377 
 
 46,679 York 8,541 
 
 61,760 Ypsilanti 7,073 
 
 31,340 Ypsilanti City 130 
 
 shows the number of acres in apple and peach 
 
 and fruit sold in 1879: 
 
 Number. 
 
 Ann Arbor 8,531 
 
 Augusta 3,333 
 
 Bridgewater 9,793 
 
 Dexter 7,151 
 
 Freedom 9,-397 
 
 Lima 8,946 
 
 Lodi 10,183 
 
 Lyndon 8,335 
 
 Manchester 9,963 
 
 Northfield 5,7.57 
 
 The following 
 orchards in 1880: 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 01 Wool. 
 53,842 
 56,034 
 46.740 
 58,54i 
 35,02a 
 41,01i 
 55,927 
 48,703 
 43,7fi(i 
 
 65o 
 
 acres 
 In 1880. 
 
 A. A. City.. 44 
 3d&4th W.. 26 
 5th & 6th W. 18 
 
 Augusta 166 
 
 Bridgewater. 515 
 
 Dexter 465 
 
 Freedom . . . .447 
 
 Lima 370 
 
 Lodi 473 
 
 Lyndon. . . .455 
 Manchester. 437 
 
 Apples.^, r-PEACHEi 
 
 bu. sold acres 
 In 1879. In 1880. 
 
 849 1 
 
 549 
 
 300 1 
 
 6,200 5 
 
 813 37 
 
 4,079 .30 
 1,303 
 
 3,333 6 
 
 2,283 16 
 
 2,084 16 
 
 735 18 
 
 bu. sold 
 In 18T9. 
 
 35 
 25 
 
 35 
 390 
 
 54 
 
 36 
 
 121 
 
 330 
 
 -Apples.- 
 
 -Peaches.- 
 
 acres 
 in 1880. 
 
 Northfield.. 384 
 Pittsfield.... 467 
 
 Paline 433 
 
 Scio 459 
 
 Sharon 436 
 
 Superior. .. .413 
 
 Sylvan 441 
 
 Webster 424 
 
 York 589 
 
 Ypsilanti 503 
 
 Ypsi. City. . 13 
 
 bu. sold acres bu. sold 
 
 In 1879. m 1880. In 1879. 
 
 96 
 
 40 
 150 
 142 
 100 
 
 130 
 
 257 
 
 119 
 
 30 
 
 1,570 
 
 10 
 
 684 
 
 
 3,247 
 
 11 
 
 390 
 
 18 
 
 595 
 
 30 
 
 60 
 
 33 
 
 2,579 
 
 
 1,960 
 
 3 
 
 6,313 
 
 3 
 
 4,506 
 
 4 
 
 138 
 
 
HISTORY OF WASIITKNAW COUNTY. 
 
 551 
 
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CHAPTER XX. 
 
 THE PRESS. 
 
 Among the professions none have taken a higher rank than that 
 of journalism, and the position of an editor on one of the great 
 dailies, or on one of the leading magazines, or even the small coun- 
 try weekly, is not to be despised. The newspaper, the editor, the 
 reporter, and the compositor are the Archimedean levers which 
 move the world. Their character and doctrines fashion public 
 opinion, and their defeats and triumphs become matters of history. 
 Their jests may become stale and their principles exchanged by 
 the minority for passing attractions; their enemies may forgive and 
 friends forget, yet through all these vicissitudes of life, through 
 tlie mass of inconsistencies malevolent human nature cultivates, 
 the universal verdict of mankind renders to their agencies an in- 
 finite good. 
 
 Important affairs may at times be mismanaged, but they are 
 never misunderstood, and their accomplishment is never attempted 
 by a perverted or dishonest ingenuity. There is certainly no pro- 
 fession or professional representative who is more entitled to the 
 fullest complement of moral support than journalism and the jour- 
 nalist. He is the weathercock of public opinion, and must be firm 
 and upright amidst swaying interests and perilous exigencies. His 
 thoughts must not be blinded by personal considerations, but left 
 free to adjudicate questions of grave import to humanity, as safely, 
 clearly and effectually as the purest judge upon the bench. Such 
 must the editor be — a man true to himself, his race and his God. 
 Of such material must he be composed, if he would dictate a policy 
 or direct an administration which will live in history as the mark 
 and model of its time. 
 
 The newspapers of Washtenaw county, from the issue of the 
 first number of the Michigan Emigrant, the pioneerjournal of the 
 county, have generally ranked high with the press of the country. 
 Perhaps the newspapers of no section of the Northern States wield 
 a more potent and beneficent influence than those of "Washtenaw 
 county. To them is due much credit for the rapid strides made 
 by the people in developing to such high state the natural resources 
 of this county; in building beautiful villages and thriving cities; 
 in the progress enjoyed in all branches of legitimate business; in 
 securing the extraordinary educational advantages, and in mold- 
 ing the social status of the people of the county, which is of a much 
 higher character than found in most sections of the Northwest. 
 The gentlemen who have from time to time labored at the helm of 
 
 (552) 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 553 
 
 the various papers recorded in this chapter, we a^ain repeat, de- 
 serve no little praise for their services rendered in making one of 
 the very first counties in Michigan out of the wilderness of a halt 
 century ago. The paper issued from the various presses of the 
 county to-day stand foremost among the city and provincial papers 
 of the State. Those in charge have uniformly evinced a fair de- 
 gree of journalistic ability, while some have proven themselves to 
 have been endowed with that rare and peculiar genius occasionally 
 found in the editor's chamber. 
 
 One of the most interesting and important features in the history 
 of Washtenaw countj', is its newspapers, and it has been our en- 
 deavor to deal with the subject fairly, fully and impartially. Our 
 plan will be to give a sketch of each paper ever published in the 
 various cities and villages, in their chronological order. 
 
 ANN ARBOR PAPERS. 
 
 The Westell Emigrant.— On Wednesday, Nov. 18, 1829, The 
 Western Emigrant was first issued at Ann Arbor. The pioneer 
 paper of Washtenaw county in size and general make-up is hardly 
 to be compared with the press of to-day. It was a five-column 
 folio, and edited and published by Thomas Simpson. The first num- 
 ber contained the Declaration of Independence, articles on hemp, 
 tobacco, " To make Cement for Broken Glass," Thanksgiving Proc- 
 lamation of Gov. Cass, a Salutatory Letter from the Editor, two 
 communications on the country, several items of general news, for- 
 eign and domestic, advertisement of Territorial Laws, and a Moral 
 and Religious Department. The paper also contained advertise- 
 ments of L. Hawley, Nash & Co., Edward Clark, John Allen & 
 Co., Benjamin Sutton, Administrator, Select School, by T. W. and 
 Moses Merrill, Israel Branch and Castle Southerland. The editor 
 in his salutatory says: " It shall be the constant aim of the editor 
 to promote correct principles, and exhibit impartial information 
 relative to the merit and qualifications of candidates for important 
 public offices. Whenever the public good requires it, public men 
 and measures shall be freely and fearlessly canvassed. He will es- 
 pouse constitutional principles, advocate and enforce a plain system 
 of political common sense." The letter from the editor assures Hon. 
 Samuel W. Dexter that the columns of the Emigrant will be open 
 to the discussion of Freemasonry and Anti-Masonry. The adver- 
 tisement of L. Hawley, Nash & Co. informs the public they 
 "have erected a distillery in the vicinity of Ann Arbor, and will 
 keep constantly on hand a superior quality of rectified whisky, 
 which they will sell as low as can be purchased in the Territory." 
 Gen. Clark advertises for " a few thousands bushel of grain, for 
 which a fair price will be paid in goods or whisky." To those who 
 know the General's strong temperance principles this will seem 
 strange, but it must be remembered in the good old days whisky 
 was regarded as a necessity which no one could do without. In 
 
554: HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the second issue A. & D. B. Brown have a column advertisement in 
 which they enumerate the goods they liave in stock, and close with 
 the same announcement as made by Gen. Clark, that they have 
 "any quantity of superior rectified whisky at twenty-five cents per 
 gallon by the barrel, for cash. Also, whisky exchanged for grain 
 at the highest rates." 
 
 Mr. Simpson's connection with the Emigrant was only of five 
 weeks' duration, when he disposed of the paper to Samuel W. 
 Dexter and John Allen, who made it an Aiiti-Masonic organ, dealing 
 powerful blows at what they considered a crime against good gov- 
 ernment. In their salutatory, the editors remark: "We are Anti- 
 Masons, and what are commonly called political Anti-Masons. We 
 know no other consistent Anti-Masonry. A highly important era 
 has been developed — a secret society, embracing much of the talent 
 and wealth, and most of the political information of the Union, 
 which (if we may trust its advocates) has existed from time im- 
 memorial, seeing everything, but itself unseen, hearing, knowing 
 everything, but itself unknown, reaching everything, but invulner- 
 able because invisible, its ramifications extending throughout every 
 department of society, ' possessing power wherever power is valu- 
 able,' binding Europe and America together. This society has been 
 brought to light; its most secret cells thrown open to view; and 
 we trust the development will be an everlasting warning against 
 secret combinations." Appealing for support it says: "Anti-Masons 
 of the Territory of Michigan, we ask your support. "We here un- 
 furl the Anti-Masonic banner; we shall be proud to see you standing 
 by its defense. Anti-Masons of the county of Washtenaw, we 
 look to you for support; we trust j'ou will not desert the good 
 cause, that you will not be lukewarm when your rights are at 
 stake." The Emigrant during its existence never wavered in its 
 advocacy of Anti-Masonic principles. About the commencement 
 of its second volume Mr. Dexter became sole proprietor of the paper, 
 and in connection with -John Allen and George Corselius, had 
 editorial control. An enlargement of the Emigrant took place on 
 the commencement of the third volume, and Mr. Allen retired from 
 the editorial corps. The paper afterward passed into the hands of 
 George Corselius, who changed its name to the Michigan Emigrant 
 and advocated Whig principles. The conclusion of the fourth 
 volume was the last of the Emigrant, but was succeeded by the 
 
 Michigan Whig, by the same editor and publisher, its first 
 Bumber bearing date Dec. 4, 1834. This change was not ap- 
 proved of by Mr. Dexter, who was the real, though not the nominal, 
 owner of the office, and to that name that of Washtenaw Democrat 
 was soon after added. The Whig and Democrat continued to be 
 published by Mr. Corselius until September, 1835, when the es- 
 tablishment passed into the hands of George W. Wood & Co., who 
 changed its name to the 
 
 State Jovrnal , — Continuing its publication under that name. 
 ]ii his introduction the editor says : '-The political character of 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 555 
 
 the State Journal shall be truly Eepublican. It will maintain the 
 rights of the States on the one hand, and the integrity of the Union 
 on the other, by seeking to contine both parties to their respective 
 sphere of action." Continuing, the editor remarks : " Our hum- 
 ble efforts shall, at times, be exerted in the cause of equal rights ; 
 of civil and political liberty ; of true Eepublican principles of the 
 constitution ; in opposition to the ultra doctrines, new-fangled 
 theories and novel interpretations of new-school Democrats, who 
 now occupy the ' chief places in the synagogue.' " Temperance, 
 agriculture, and other useful information were to find a place in 
 the columns of the paper. The modesty and humility of the editor 
 was set forth in the following language : " Good selections will 
 generally be pi'eferred for the columns of the Journal before our 
 own cogitations, emphatically dubbed editorials, which occupj' so 
 conspicuous a place in most of the weekly publications of the day, 
 believing as we do in the sentiment we once heard expressed hj an 
 editor of twenty years' experience, that ' he could make a better 
 paper with his shears than his pen.'" After eight weeks Mr. 
 Wood's partner retired, and the paper was continued by George W. 
 "Wood, who also carried a stock of books and stationery in connec- 
 tion. In April, 1836, the paper was purchased by Dr. F. Drake, 
 who continued in charge for about one year. In March, 1837, Edwin 
 Lawrence became editor and publisher, and proposed to make the 
 paper politically independent. In his salutatory Mr. Lawrence 
 said : " It will require no extraordinary discernment to perceive 
 that a strict adherence to party and an unqualified support of any 
 measure which the policy or interest of partisan leaders may dic- 
 tate, is the utter annihilation of that independence and fear- 
 lessness of character which truth, justice, and the rights of the 
 people ever demand. Such an obsequiousness to party dic- 
 tation may indeed tend, to confirm the measures, and give a present 
 transient luster to all the acts of their supporters, but will soon end 
 in a wreck of liberty itself, in which light and trifling things of 
 party may survive, but everything solid and substantial will be lost 
 forever. Were we compelled thus to support indiscriminately any 
 measure which any party might see fit to impose upon us, and 
 shout glory and praise to their authors, while our bosom was burn- 
 ing with shame and indignation, or filled with absolute disgust and 
 abhorrence at the very act we were, in obedience to party discipline, 
 lauding to the skies, we would relinquish forever any and every 
 station that requires for its enjoyment such a sacrifice of freedom 
 for the unsatisfying pleasure of office or power." Mr. Lawrence 
 continued to ably discharge the duties of editor and publisher 
 until May, 1839, when the paper and good will of the office was 
 disposed of to Franklin Sawyer, Jr., who changed the name of the 
 paper to 
 
 Michigan State JovrnaJ, and continued its publication, making 
 it a distinctive Whig paper. Mr. Sawyer was a talented man and 
 succeeded in making the Journal one of the best papers published 
 
656 HIbTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 in the State. In the great campaign of 1840 it advocated the elec- 
 tion of William Henry Harrison to the presidency with great 
 vigor. Mr. Sawyer continued his connection as editor until 1841, 
 but had in the meantime disposed of the office to T. M. Ladd. 
 On the retirement of Mr. Sawyer from editorial labor, Mr. Ladd 
 discharged for a while the duties of both editor and publisher. In 
 March, 1842, Edwin Lawrence again assumed editorial control, 
 though not connected with the publication of the paper. He re- 
 mained in this connection one year, when the publisher resumed 
 the editorial work of the paper. In February, 1844, George Cor- 
 selius took editorial charge and remained until April, 1845. Shortly 
 after this Mr. Ladd disposed of the office to L. C. Goodale and S. 
 B. McCracken, who continued the publication of the Journal. 
 Mr. McGracken disposed of his interest in the spring of 1848, and 
 Mr. Goodale became sole owner. 
 
 ANN AEBOK AEGUS. 
 
 The publication ot this paper under the name of 21 ichigan Argus 
 was commenced January, 1835, by E. P. Gardner, who continued 
 it as the organ of the Democracy of the county until 1840. It was 
 a six-column folio, wide measure, about equal to an ordinary seven- 
 column paper. In the last year mentioned a stock company pur- 
 chased the office and placed it in charge of Orrin Arnold, who ran 
 it for a time, when it sold a half interest, and the paper was con- 
 tinued by Arnold & Powell, the latter remaining but a few months, 
 when he disposed of his interest to a Mr. Smith, the firm name be- 
 ing Arnold & Smith. Soon after the last Urm formed a partner- 
 ship, its name was changed to that oi Free Democrat. The latter 
 paper continued to exist but a short time, when L. W. Cole andE. 
 P. Gardner, under the firm name of Cole & Gardner, again com- 
 menced the publication of the Argus. The press on which the 
 Argus was printed by Cole & Gai-dner for several years was made 
 by H. & K. Partridge, and was the first and only iron press ever 
 built in Michigan. The inscription on it read ''Manufactured by 
 H. & P. Partridge, for L. W. Cole, Ann Arbor, Mich., February, 
 1844." '' The new series of the Argus began at the time," says 
 Mr. Cole, in a letter to Lorenzo Davis, " with Judicial Reform,' 
 when the present circuit court system was completely set aside. I 
 called it a 'Judicial Revolution,' which it was; and tiie Argus, 
 from the first issue, fought it until it was wiped out and dead. I 
 suffered some for the course I pursued, but I was amplv rewarded 
 for my firmness afterward. The thing that was established was no 
 'reform;' it was a senseless revolution. It took some nerve, I 
 confess, to stand the pressure brought to bear upon me, and for sev- 
 eral months my subcription Hstonly numbered about 50. To 
 see about 80 of my own party marching to the polls under the 
 banner of ' Reform,' instigated by Dr. Denton and John Allen, and 
 vote against .ludge Felch and the Democratic ticket, gave me seri- 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 557 
 
 0U8 thoughts of the course I was about to take. But good counsel, 
 such as Judges Mundy, Miles, Fletcher, Wilson and others, and my 
 own sense of what should be done, determined me to go ahead, and 
 I did, to the end of the foolish thing. When I sold to E. B. Pond, 
 we were publishing about 1,800 copies." 
 
 In reference to Mr. Gardner, who was so long connected with the 
 publication of the Argus, Mr. Cole says, in the same connection. 
 " My partner, Mr. Gardner, whose memory I shall always cherish 
 with the kindliest feelings, you know as much about, almost, as 1 
 do. He was the first to sign the Martha Washington pledge in 
 Ann Arbor, and so far as I know, he never in the least deviated 
 from it. He died as he lived — an honest man, a Christian, and one 
 of the best temperance men." 
 
 In July, 1854, Cole & Gardner disposed of the Argus to Elihu 
 B. Pond, who remained its sole editor and proprietor for a period of 
 nearly 24 years. Under the management of Mr. Pond, the Argus 
 was recognized as one of the leading Democratic papers in the 
 State. When the rebels committed the first overt act against the 
 Government, in 1861, Mr. Pond, in an able editorial, said: " If the 
 South has been calculating on Northern aid to subvert the Govern- 
 ment and degrade the national flag, it is doubtless now convinced 
 of its mistake. The promptness with which the men of all parties, 
 throughout the whole North, have responded to the Government, 
 must satisfy the Southern fanatics and traitors that Democrats will 
 not enlist with them in a crusade against the Union to reward them 
 for breaking up the Democratic party. Democrats have always 
 stood by their Southern brethren and struck manful blows in de- 
 fense of their constitutional rights, but they will never, never, 
 NEVER help them break up the Government and plant an oli- 
 garchy in its stead." 
 
 Elihu B. Pond, for so long editor of the Argus, was born in Wil- 
 mington, Essex county. New York, July 15, 1826. He is the son 
 of Jared and Stalira (Bartlet) Pond. In 1832, in company with 
 his parents, he removed to Knox county, Ohio, and in 1835, to 
 Michigan, locating in the village of Branch, then the connty-seat 
 of Branch county. In May, 1843, his parents having removed to 
 Coldwater, which had then become the county-seat of Branch county, 
 he entered the office of the Coldwater Sentinel and served as an 
 apprentice three years, continuing then in the office as a journeyman 
 printer until the fall of that year, when he started out on his first 
 "tramp,"' working his way as far south as Cincinnati, Ohio. Peturn- 
 ing to Michigan in the spring of 1847, he entered the Wesleyan 
 Seminary, now Albion College, at Albion, and "completed" his 
 education in two terms. In May, 1848, he purchased the Cold- 
 water Sentinel, and published that paper six years. The Sentinel, 
 under his editorial control, was the only Democratic paper in 
 Michigan which took a decided stand against the repeal of the 
 Missiouri Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and predicted, 
 as a result of such legislation, the disaster which overtook the 
 
558 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTV. 
 
 Democratic party in State and Nation. As already stated Mr. Pond 
 purchased the office of the Michigan Argus in 1854, taking pos- 
 session July 1st. He continued as editor and proprietor until 
 Dec. 31, 1878, save from Oct. 1, 1874, to Dec. 31, 1875, when it 
 was leased to other parties. 
 
 Mr. Pond has served the public in various official positions. At 
 Coldwater he was Village Clerk one year, and Director of the school 
 district two years. At Ann Arbor he was School Director from 
 September, 1857 until September, 1859, then Secretary of the School 
 Board to September, 1865, and from January, 1873, to September, 
 1877, he was President of the School Board. In 1859-'6G, he was 
 Alderman from the 4th ward. From January, 1860, to January, 1867, 
 he was clerk of Forest Hill Seminary, and has since that date served 
 the same company as trustee three j'ears, and in January, 1880, was 
 again elected clerk. In November, 1858, he was elected Senator 
 from the 7th Senatorial District (the northern half of Washtenaw 
 county ), running largely ahead of his ticket, and overcomiug a 
 large Republican majority. In 1864 he was elected County Clerk, 
 and served one term. On the organization of the Michigan Press 
 Association, in 1868, he was elected President and re-elected in 
 1869. 
 
 Mr. Pond was united in marriage Nov. 20, 1849, with Mary B. 
 Allen, daughter of Stephen Allen, one of the oldest settlers in Len- 
 awee county, by whom he has had five children — three sons and two 
 daughters. One daughter and two sons survive. Both sons are 
 graduates of the University of Michigan, in the classes of 1879 and 
 1880. 
 
 On the purchase of the office from Mr. Pond, in December, 1878, 
 John N. Bailey, the new proprietor, changed the name of the paper 
 from that oi Michigan Argus to that of Ann Arbor Argtis\ but 
 made no change in its size or in the political principles which it 
 advocated. It is in this year of grace, 1881, advocating the same 
 political principles that it did under the management of E. P. 
 Gardner in the beginning, and for so many years under the able 
 management of Mr. Pond. The present proprietor and editor, Mr. 
 Bailey, is a strong and vigorous writer, and makes no uncertain 
 sound in his political utterances. 
 
 John N. Bailej', editor and publisher of the Argios, was born in 
 Adams, Jefferson county, New York, May 13, 1840. While attend- 
 ing the common school of his native State, he conceived the idea of 
 becoming a printer, and at the age of 15 apprenticed himself to the 
 firm of Ingalls & Stowell, editors and publishers of the Reformer, 
 "Watertown, New York. When his term expired, he entered 
 Valley Seminary, Fulton, New York, with the view of preparing 
 for college. Teaching district schools in winter and the endeavor 
 b}' extra study to keep up with his classes for three years, broke 
 down his health and temporarily weakened his eyes, so that by the 
 advice of physicans he was obliged to abandon the cherished 
 ambition of his life. After months of recuperation, in which 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 559 
 
 health was partially restored, meantime localizing a daily paper, 
 and working at the case, in Watertown, he was advised to abandon 
 tlie " art preservative ot all arts " for some other pursuit. He 
 accordingly entered into trade at Clayton, New York, following the 
 same for several years. While in Clayton he was married to Miss 
 Sarah J. Esselstyn, in 1865, by whom he has had four children. 
 
 The desire to return to his chosen profession as soon as his health 
 would permit, was uppermost in his mind. In 1869, he sold his 
 business and removed to Auburn, New York, where he engaged in 
 the conduct of the press until the autumn of 1878. On the 1st of 
 January, 1879, he became editor and proprietor ot't\ieA7'g>/.s. Po- 
 litically. Mr, Bailey has always been a Democrat; religiously, a 
 member of no Church, being liberal in his views. 
 
 Local Wews and Advertiser. — A paper bearing this name was 
 established in Ann Arbor in 1857, the first number bearing date 
 July 21. It was a iive-column folio, and edited and published by 
 S. B. McOracken. As its name indicates, it was designed as a local 
 and advertising medium. It was well edited and received with 
 favor by the public. On the 2.'ith of August, 1858, it passed into 
 the hands of Lorenzo Davis. While controlled by Mr. McCracken, 
 the paper did not espouse the side of either of the existing parties, 
 but when Mr. Davis became its publisher, it became the advocate 
 of Republican principles. In January, 1859, the Neios was en- 
 larged to a six-column folio, wide measure, equal to a seven-col- 
 umn folio ordinary size, and its name changed to An7i Arhor 
 Local Neios. Aug. 28 it was again enlarged, making it an eight-col- 
 umn folio, and name changed to the Michigan State iVetw, with E. 
 A. Burlingame associated with Mr. Davis as publisher. This 
 arrangement continued but about six months, Mr. Burlingame re- 
 tiring and Mr. Davis remaining sole editor and proprietor. On the 
 breaking out of the Rebellion. the iV^wisdid much good in encourag- 
 ing enlistments and upholding the defenders of the Government. It 
 passed through the hard times of the first two years of civil war, ■ 
 but was forced to suspend just when a brighter era began to dawn. 
 
 ANN AEBOR COUKIER. 
 
 This paper was commenced June 18, 1861, hj C. G. Clark and 
 W. D. Wiltsie, under the name of i\\e Peninsular Courier. It 
 was a seven-column folio. Union Republican in politics. In their 
 "Introductory," the editors refer to the fact that nations rise, flour- 
 ish and pass away, and still others come to fill their places; so in 
 the sphere of newspapers, changes are ever going on, new combina- 
 tions are being formed, and new aspirants for public favor appear 
 and receive the approval or disapproval of the reading community. 
 The Courier was placed in the long procession of newspapers that 
 were taking daily or weekly steps towards oblivion. The paper was 
 edited with ability and earnestly supported the Govei'nment in all 
 its efforts to suppress the rebellion. In December, 1861, David 
 
560 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 C. Holmes was admitted as a partner and the firm name of Clark, 
 Wiltsie & Co. was adopted. At this time the Courier was consol- 
 idated with the Ypsilanti Herald, and for about two months the 
 paper was published under the double name of Peninsular Courier 
 and Ypsilanti Herald. When the latter name was dropped, the 
 firm was changed to Clark, Wiltsie & Holmes. In the summer ot 
 1862, Mr. Wiltsie and Mr. Holmes entered the service of the United 
 States and the firm was therefore dissolved, Mr. Clark assuming 
 the entire control of the paper as editor and publisher. In 1865 the 
 paper was sold to Dr. A. W. Chase, who continued it until June, 
 1866, when its form was changed from a seven-column folio to a 
 five column quarto. To its original name of Peninsular Courier 
 that of Family Visitant was added. In November, 1866, John 
 L. Knight became editor, Dr. Chase desiring to be relieved from 
 editorial labor that he might give himself more fully to his fast 
 increasing business as publisher of Dr. Chase's Keceipt Book. This 
 relation continued for about six months when Mr. Knight retired. 
 In June, 1867, the paper was enlarged to a six-column quarto, with 
 Allan Campbell in the editorial chair. In January, 1869, the old 
 folio form was resumed and the paper considerably enlarged. A. 
 W. Chase assumed editorial charge, with Chas.G. Clark, Jr., assist- 
 ant. Ill health caused Dr. Chase to relinquish editorial control 
 the following June, and William Wines was given charge. This 
 arrangement continued about two months, when Dr.Chasesold the 
 paper, together with his publishing business, to Rice A. Beal, the 
 issue of the Courier for Sept. 3, 1869, containing the Doctor's vale- 
 dictory and Mr. Beal's salutatory. C. G. Clark, Jr., became editor 
 and continued in that relation until December, when Lorenzo Davis 
 was placed in charge, remaining until April, 1870, when Mr. Beal 
 assumed editorial charge, and has continued to be the responsible 
 editor to the present time. In J 876 the name of the paper was 
 changed from the Peninsular Courier and Family Visitant to 
 . the Ann Arhor Courier, a name which localizes it. 
 
 Rice A. Beal, the editor of the Courier, is a man of the people. 
 He was born in Macedon, ISTew York, Jan. 19, 1823, and is the son 
 of Emery and Sophronia Beal. At the age of 10 years, with his 
 parents, he removed to Washtenaw county, Michigan, and settled 
 in the town of Lima, where he remained about three years, when he 
 accompanied his parents to Livingston county. Here he grew to 
 man's estate, working with his parents on the farm, toiling early 
 and late, not with the hope of reward, but as an act of duty which 
 he owed to his natural protectors. The common schools" of the 
 Territory and young State afforded him all the elementary educa- 
 tion he obtained, with the exception of one year spent in the Albion 
 Academy, in the State of New York. The first money ever earned 
 by Mr. Beal was on a neighbor's farm, where he toiled for fifteen 
 hours per day for the munificent sum of $5 per month. A.tthe age 
 of 21 he began life for himself, without a dollar in his pocket or to 
 
HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. "* 561 
 
 his credit. Teaching school for a time at $9 per month, he accumu- 
 lated $40, with which he went to Ann Arborand invested in notions 
 and fancy goods, which he peddled through tlie country. This busi- 
 ness he continued for 18 months, when he had saved enough to 
 open a small store in the village of Pinckney, Livingston county, 
 where he remained one summer, removing then to the village of 
 Howell, in the same county, remaining in the latter place one year, 
 at the expiration of which time he removed to Plaintield, where he 
 remained six years. In 1853, he removed to the village of Dexter, 
 Washtenaw county, where he continued the mercantile business. 
 Possessed of an indomitable will and of an exceedingly hopeful dis- 
 position, with an abundance of energy, it is no wonder that success 
 crowned his eiforts. During the 12 years of his life in the village 
 he was engaged in the mercantile, produce, milling and manufact- 
 uring and banking business, and was acknowledged leader in every 
 enterprise in which he engaged. 
 
 In 1865 Mr. Beal, feeling that he had acquired a competency, 
 sold out all his business interests in Dexter, and removed to the 
 city of Ann Arbor, intending to live a retired life. But a man of 
 his active temperament could not live a life of ease and inactivity; 
 therefore, in 1869 he purchased the printing establishment of Dr. 
 A. W. Chase, with all the Doctor's rights in the publication of Dr. 
 Chase's Receipts, and immediately embarked in the publication 
 business, inclndiug that of the Peninsular Ootirier. Having no 
 experience in the business, some of his friends prophesied failure. 
 With him there is no such word as fail. Being a practical busi- 
 ness man, and possessed of an abundance of good, strong common 
 sense, he brought his practical experience and common sense into 
 the business, the result of which is that he has been successful in 
 this new undertaking beyond his most ardent expectations. 
 
 There is one thing that has distinguished Mr. Beal among his 
 fellows, and that is his championship of the poor. Beginning life 
 himself as poor as the poorest, obtaining a competency not by any 
 extraordinary streak of good luck, but by hard, earnest work, he 
 knows what the poor have to suffer, and sympathizes with them in 
 all their troubles, and to the deserving he is always willing to lend a 
 helping hand. In proof of this, it is not necessary to call atten- 
 tion to but one act in his life — the defense of Dr. Rose, in the cele- 
 brated University Defalcation case. In the prosecution of this 
 case Mr. Beal has spent an independent fortune, without hope of 
 reward other than the consciousness of doing a righteous act. Sin- 
 gle-handed and alone, he has fought against wealth, the best hired 
 legal talent in the State, and the vindictive hatred of enemies, and 
 in every stage of the case has come off more than conqueror. 
 
 As a politician, Mr. Beal in early life, and up to the beginning 
 of the war of the Rebellion, was a Democrat of the " most strictest 
 sect of the religion." When Southern men undertook, in the 
 name of Democracy, to destroy theGovernment,he arrayed himself 
 upon the side of the patriots, and became a thorough and consist- 
 
562 UISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ent Eepn'oliciin. While always strong in tlie faith Mr. Beal has 
 never sought public office, though, with his talents he would honor 
 any office that naight be bestowed upon him. He was a delegate 
 to the convention that nominated U. S. Grant for the presidency 
 the second term, and also tluj convention that nominated Ruther- 
 ford B. Hayes to the same office. In 1876 he was made a member 
 of the State Central Committee, and for the greater part of the time 
 has been chairman of the executive committee. In 1880, without 
 solicitation on his part, and after the canvass was nearly over, he 
 was brought forward by his friends for the office of Governor of the 
 State, the highest office in the gift of the people. A.t the conven- 
 tion, which assembled in Jackson, Aug. 5, 1880, in presenting 
 the name of Mr. Beal, Captain E. P. Allen, of "Washtenaw, said : 
 
 Mr. Chairman: — On the 27tli day of July last, the Republicans in convention 
 for the county of Washtenaw, a convention of 120 delegates, representing 6,000 
 Republican votes, passed the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That we earnestly request the delegates to tne State Convention to use all hon- 
 orable means first and last to secure the nomination of our fellow citizen, the Hon. Rice A. 
 Beal, for Governor. 
 
 We believe that no citizen is more worthy of that high honor, and that none 
 could fill the position with greater ability and be more watchful of the interests of 
 the commonwealth. Mr. Chairman, if you ask who our candidate is I will say 
 that you may take all the virtues, and all the honors and all the good things that 
 have been said by all the speakers in favor of all the candidates and put them 
 together, and that is our candidate. [Applause and cheers.] * * * » 
 ■ The gentleman whose name is presented here is not a legislator. He is not a lawyer, 
 nor a doctor ; he comes from the people and is of the people. He is one of that 
 class so numerous in the great State of Michigan, who have made it what it is, the 
 grandest State in all this nation. [Applause.] He has worked his own way from 
 comparative poverty to the position that he to-day occupies. [Applause.] * * 
 
 He has his faults. If I thought we were going to nominate a man who has no 
 faults, I should vote the Democratic ticket. [Applause and laughter ] The gentle- 
 man whose name I have mentioned in connection with this high office is one who, 
 when he believes that a thing is right, pursues that line to its termination. [Ap- 
 plause.] He is one who, when he believes a thing is wrong, follows that wrong 
 relentlessly to the end. [Renewed applause and cheers.] A man with courage to 
 abide by his convictions ; a man who will stand for what he thinks is right though 
 the heavens fall. Such men have enemies. Andrew Jackson had them ; Zachariah 
 Chandler had them; and any man that ever was fit to be out of aninsane or idiotic asy- 
 lum has had them. [Applause-] If nominated, our candidate will be elected ; and 
 if elected, he will bring to that high office the most practical common sense of a life 
 of over 40 years spent in active business, during which time he has built up a great 
 establishment and been uniformly and everywhere successful. A man who has twice 
 represented tire State of Michigan i \ national conventions. Not only this, but the 
 State central committee of the Republican party of Michigan, knowing him as 
 they have, and knowing how necessary it is to have an active business man to con- 
 duct the details of the campaign, have twice placed Mr. Beal in the position of 
 chairman of the executive committee. ****** 
 
 This is the man that we present to you; a man who stands four square to every 
 wind that blows ; a man who believes in his own ability and is not afraid to express 
 his convictions; a man who will " do justly and fear not." [Great applause.] 
 
 Mr. Parker, of Monroe, seconded the nomination of Mr. Beal in 
 the following language: 
 
 Mr. Ghitirman and Gentlemen of the Oonmntion: — In accordance with the wishes 
 of the delegates from Monroe county, and in accordance with the sentiments of the 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 563 
 
 Republicans of that county, I support the^nomination of Rice A. Seal. [Applause.] 
 I have listened with pleasure, Mr. Chairman, to the eulogies pronounced upon the 
 diflferent candidates of our State. We have heard from the West, from the East, and 
 from the North ; and as Capt. Allen well says, we now bring one who is bright and 
 gallant and pure from the center. Like a diamond, the brightest one is always in 
 the center of the collection. [Applause.] We have heard 25 years ago referred to, 
 here in the city of Jackson, the Republican party was born for a purpose. One part 
 of this country, or one limb of this country was demanding that the body should be 
 delivered over to it, but the Republican party and its gallant leaders,— among the 
 greatest of whom was Zachariah Chandler [applause], said No. To-day this same 
 section of the country demands that we deliver up the body again to them. After 
 trying to secure it by the bayonet they now say they will secure it by the ballot. We 
 need then to represent us here as our chief executive a stalwart, a man of the 
 Chandler type, a man of integrity, a man of forcible and decided character ; a man 
 who will take these resolutions that we have heard read — and with no uncertain 
 sound— and carry them like a blazing shield, prone into the ranks of the enemy and 
 secure success for the Republican party. [Applause.] We believe, sir, that such a 
 man is Rice A. Beal, of Washtenaw county. We believe that he is eminently fitted to 
 join that long Ust of illustrious Governors whose names are spread upon the pages 
 of the history of our great State. We believe, sir, that with him in the executive chair 
 the institutions of our State will be tenderly cared for. We believe, that the inter- 
 ests of the people in all parts of the State will be equally and alike looked after. 
 We believe, sir, with him as our standard bearer, that our friend from Saginaw who 
 presented Mr. Jerome's name will find all the assistance that he desires to carry the 
 eighth district. [Applause and laughter.] We believe that our friend from Detroit 
 will find the influence of Mr. Beal as effective as any other man's could possibly be; 
 and so we say with confidence, Mr President, that this convention should, and we 
 hope will, place as the standard bearer of the grand old Republican party of Michi- 
 gan, Rice A. Beal, of Washtenaw county. [Great applause.] 
 
 On the first ballot Mr. Beal received 107 to Mr. Ricli's 115, being 
 the next highest on the list. Though not nominated, Mr. Seal's 
 name was enthusiastically received, and had it been earlier pre- 
 sented to the people, he would doubtless have secured the prize. 
 
 The winter of 18S0-1 willlong be remembered by the politicians 
 of the country. This was the winter succeeding the Presidential 
 campaign of 1880, in which Gen. Garfield was elected President. 
 The Republican party had succeeded in electing a majority of the 
 National House of Representatives, and the Senate was in doubt. 
 Elections for United States Senator were to be held in several of 
 the States in the Union, and the party in power in the several 
 States were much divided as to choice of persons upon whom to 
 bestow the honor of representing the State as Senator. In Michi- 
 gan ex-Gov. Bagley, ex-Gov. Baldwin, and Hon. O. D. Conger, 
 were each presented by their respective friends, for the o ce. 
 Messrs. Bagley and Baldwin were in the lead, with Mr. Conger as 
 third in the race. Mr. Beal, while saying nothing against the mer- 
 its of the others, was a stanch advocate of Mr. Conger, and in the 
 Courier presented the claims of his favorite in strong terms and 
 convincing arguments. When the Legislature assembled at Lan- 
 sing, Mr. Beal was present, and although not a member of that 
 body, he was chosen to lead the Conger forces. He went immedi- 
 ately to work, and, as usual, success attended his efforts, Mr. Con- 
 ger beino- selected by the caucus, on the seventh ballot, and in the 
 joint meeting of the Legislative body, received the vote of every Re- 
 publican member. Mr. Beal's efforts in behalf of his friend, Mr. 
 
564: HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNflT. 
 
 Conger, and its successful outcome, has brought him more than 
 ever before the people, and has made him virtually the leader of the 
 Republican forces in this State. Higher lionors yet await him. 
 
 In 1853 Mr. Beal was married to Miss Beers. For more than a 
 quarter of a century they have traveled life's journey together, shar- 
 ing with each other all the joys and sorrows, and reaping the bless- 
 ings of a life well spent. 
 
 As editor of the Courier lAv. Beal pursues a straightforward 
 course, advocating the riglit and condemning the wrong, without 
 regard to who may suffer from the publication of the truth. He is 
 an independent and fearless writer, and courts the favor of no 
 man. Always doing a legitimate business, as already remarked, 
 he has been uniformly successful in all his undertakings, and in 
 nearly a half century of active business life he has never knowinglj' 
 wronged any man and always paid 100 cents on the dollar. Such, 
 in brief, is Kice A. Beal, editor of the Courier. 
 
 ANN ARBOR REGISTER. 
 
 In 1872 a stock company was formed under the name and style 
 of Ann Arbor Printing and Publishing Company, for the purpose 
 of engaging in newspaper, book publishing and jab printing. The 
 officers and stockholders, as first organized, were Alvin W. Chase, 
 President and Superintendent; James C. Watson, Vice-President; 
 Zina P. King, Secretary; Henry S. Dean, Treasurer; Sedgwick 
 Dean and Henry Krause. In December, 1872, the first number 
 of the Register made its appearance. It was an eight-column folio, 
 and published at $1.50 per year. Zina P. King was managing and 
 local editor; Edwin Lawrence, political editor. The paper was Re- 
 publican in politics. 
 
 Among the publications from the press of the Publishing. Com- 
 pany, was " Dr. Chase's Second Receipt Book." On the appear- 
 ance of this work, Rice A. Beal appealed to the court for an injunc- 
 tion against the company, as it was contrary to his agreement with 
 Dr. Chase, who, when he disposed of his interest in the Courier., 
 and the publishing business of that office, agreed not to engage in 
 the same line again in the State of Michigan so long as Mr. Beal 
 continued in the business. The injunction was granted, covering 
 not only the publication of " Dr. Chase's Second Receipt Book," 
 but also the entire printing business. Soon after this the remain- 
 ing stockholders purchased the interest of Dr. Chase, and asked the 
 Supreme Court to set aside the injunction. Nearly a year and a 
 half expired before the case was heard in the Supreme Court. After 
 a hearing by that body, the injunction was set aside, and the publi- 
 cation of the paper resumed. 
 
 When Dr. Chase disposed of his stock, a new election of officers 
 was held, when James C. Watson was elected President; Henry 
 Krause, Yice-President; Zina P. King, Secretary, Henry S. Dean, 
 Treasurer. Mr. Dean was also chosen Superintendent and man- 
 
/ugjl,(^. /^^a^ 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 667 
 
 aging editor, and continued in this position until August, 1880, 
 when he disposed of liis stock and retired from the office. 
 
 The ^e^fs^er resumed publication in December, 1875, and has 
 since been successfully conducted. It is a six-column folio, edited 
 with ability, and has had an average circulation of 2,900 copies. 
 The office employs on an average, 16 men. 
 
 In August, 1880, when Mr. Dean retired from the office, he was 
 succeeded by B. J. Conrad, as Superintendent and Treasurei-, and 
 H. P. Myrick as editor, ilr. Conrad had been connected, in a busi- 
 ness way, with the office for some years, and was, therefore, well 
 acquainted with the work. 
 
 All the modern conveniences and improvements have been intro- 
 duced into the Register office, and to-day it is one of the best fitted 
 printing establishments in the State. The mechanical execution 
 of the job work done at this office will compare favorably with that 
 turned from any house in Michigan. A large business has been 
 carried on in tlie book publishing line. Among those issued from 
 the presses of this company are "Watson's Interest, Discount and 
 Investment Tables," by Prof. James C. Watson; " Vaughan's 
 Chemical Physiology and Pathology," by Victor C. Vaughan, M. 
 D.. Ph. D. of Michigan University; " French Heading Lessons," by 
 Alfred Hennequin, M. A., of Michigan University. 
 
 B. J. Conrad, Superintendent and Treasurer of the Ann Arbor 
 Printing and Publishing Company, was born in Parma, N. T., 
 March 6, 1833. When two years of age he went with his parents 
 to xllbion, Callioun county, Mich., where he remained until 1852, 
 when he went to California, remaining in that State until 1861, and 
 making in that time a handsome sum of money. On his return to 
 Albion he retired to a farm, which business he followed for some 
 years, until 1868. In 1870 he removed to Ann Arbor and for four 
 years was engaged in the book and stationery trade. In 1874 he 
 went to China in the employ of the Government, in company with 
 Prof. Watson and others, to witness the transit of Venus. Heturn- 
 ing home in the fall of 1875, he entered the office of the Register, 
 where he has since been engaged. Mr. Conrad was married in 
 1864 to Miss Helen M. Foster, of Hillsdale, Mich., and again 
 returned to California, and remained one year. They have 
 had two children, a son and daughter. Mr. Conrad is a good busi- 
 ness manager, and the Ann Arbor Printing and Publishing Com- 
 pany will not suffer under his management. 
 
 H. P. Myrick, editor of the Register^ was born in Pontiac, Oak- 
 land Co., Mich., Aug. 27, 1857. He obtained his elementary 
 education in the common schools of his native town, and in 1874, 
 when but 17 years of age, entered Michigan University, from which 
 institution he" graduated in the spring of 1878. In the fall of that 
 year he entered the Law Department, but only attended one course 
 of lectures. In 1877, while in his senior year, he became local 
 editor of the Register, continuing in that position until the resigna- 
 tion of Mr. Dean, when he was elected managing editor, which 
 
 36 
 
568 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COtJNTY. 
 
 position he now occupies. He is an easy, graceful writer, with a 
 bright future before him. 
 
 COLLEGE PAPEKS. 
 
 The lirst paper published by the students of Michigan University 
 was a small quarto, the publication of which was begun in 1865, 
 under the name of University Chronicle. The Chronicle was a 
 neat paper, well filled with college news, and was published every 
 alternate Saturday during the college year. It suspended publica- 
 tion at the close of the college year in 1869. 
 
 In June, 1867, appeared the first number of the University Mag- 
 azine^ a 32-page octavo magazine, filled with original matter and 
 choice selections. The magazine had an existence of three years, 
 when its publication was suspended. 
 
 The Chronicle was the successor of the University Chronicle, 
 and like its predecessor, was edited by students in the University. 
 It has had a continuous existence of 12 years, and is published 
 weekly. It is a 16-page quarto, handsomely printed, and reflects 
 great credit on the students and the institution they represent. 
 
 The University made its first appearance December, 1879. It 
 is the same size as the Chronicle, and is a very handsome sheet. 
 Michigan University is well represented by its papers. 
 
 ANN AEBOR DEMOCEAT. 
 
 The Democrat was established in Ann Arbor in 1878, its first 
 issue bearing date September 12. John L. Burleigh, a writer of 
 some merit, was its editor and proprietor. It was a large eight-col- 
 umn folio, and a firm and uncompromising advocate of Democratic 
 principles. Mr. Burleigh continued its publication until Janu- 
 ary, 1879, when the Saline Standard was merged into it and a 
 co-partnership efliected between John L. Burleigh, B. Frank Bower 
 and Louis Leisemer, under the firm name of Burleigh, Bower & 
 Leisemer. This arrangement continued until Nov. 20, 1879, 
 when the interest of Mr. Leisemer was purchased and the paper 
 continued by Burleigh & Bower, the latter gentleman being Henry 
 E. 11. Bower, who purchased the interest of his brother, B. Frank 
 Bower. The various changes did not afi'ect the political character of 
 the paper, it being true to the princ^les it professed when founded 
 by Mr. Burleigh. Under the special editorial control of Henry 
 E. H. Bower, it has taken front rank among the Democratic papers 
 of the State, Mr. Bower being an easy and fiuent writer and firm 
 and positive in his convictions of right. 
 
 Henry E. H. Bower was born in Manchester, Washtenaw Co., 
 Michigan, April 20, 1845, and is a son of the late Henry and 
 Margaret G. Bower, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and one 
 ol the pioneers of "Washtenaw county. Mrs. Bower, whose maiden 
 name was Chase, is a native of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Bower, 
 
HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 569 
 
 with their family, removed to Ann Arbor when Henry was yet an 
 infant, and there spent almost his entire life. His education was 
 obtained in the common and high schools of Ann Arbor. Entering 
 the law department of Michigan University, after taking the usual 
 course, he graduated in 1866. After his graduation he engaged for 
 a short time in the mercantile business in Ann Arbor, and then 
 purchased the Ann Arbor Democrat, which he published until 
 February, 1870, when he disposed of the paper and tlien went to 
 Grand Rapids, where he again embarked in the mercantile trade, 
 continuing in the same about two years. Returning to Ann Arbor, 
 for some years he was employed as correspondent of several of the 
 leading daily papers in the country, among others, tlie Chicago 
 Times, Cincinnati Commercial, Detroit Post and Triiune. He 
 still continues the same relation with the two former papers. In 
 18YY he was elected Alderman of the third ward, Ann Arbor, and 
 served for two years in an acceptable manner. In July, 1879, he 
 purchased his brother's interest in the Z^emocra^, and has continued 
 as one of its editors and proprietors to the present time. Mr. 
 Bower is yet a young man with a bright future before him. He is 
 energetic and takes a special interest in all matters tending to build 
 up the interest of his place. He is a member of the Ancient Order 
 of United Workmen. 
 
 Col. J. L. Burleigh, lawyer, and editor of the Democrat,wsiS born in 
 Mass. Oct. 15, 1842. His ancestors were among the early settlers of 
 New England. He was educated partly in Berkshire county, Mass., 
 and partly in New York city. At an early age he entered a mercan- 
 tile house as a clerk, remaining until the opening of the civil war 
 in 1861. At that time he joined the 17th New York Regiment, 
 being the first to sign its muster roll. Soon after, he was appointed 
 Second Lieutenant; and, within a year, he was promoted successfully 
 to the rank of First Lieutenant and Captain, — the last for bravery 
 on the field at Hanover Court-House, May 27, 1862. In 1863 he 
 was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seymour Light Infantry; but, 
 owing to his wounds, he left the service and engaged in business in 
 the East Indies. Leaving the Indies on account of ill health, 
 Colonel Burleigh returned to New York, and engaged in business 
 there until 1874. He then removed to Ann Arbor. Having 
 acquired a competency, he desired to enter public life; and, to 
 further this end, graduated from the law department of the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan. " Polities needs missionaries more than the 
 heathen " is one of his sayings. In the spring of 1876 he was 
 nominated for Maj'or of the city of Ann Arbor on the Democratic 
 ticket, but declined to run. In the fall of the same year he was 
 placed on the ticket as the nominee for State Senator, and was 
 elected by a large majority. He was an active member of the Senate 
 of the Legislative session of 1877, and served creditably as a mem- 
 ber of the committees on Judiciary and Military Affairs, Claims 
 and Public Accounts, Asylum for the Insane, Expiring Laws, and 
 Engrossment and Enrollment of Bills. Colonel Burleigh has 
 
570 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 traveled extensively in England, Ireland, France, Italy, Egypt and 
 the East. In April, 1880, he removed to Chicago, where he is now 
 engaged in business. 
 
 THE WASHTENAW POST. 
 
 This is the first German paper ever started in "Washtenaw county. 
 Its publication was begun Oct. 3, 1879. L. J. Leisemer, the 
 founder of the Saline Standard, and for about one year, one of the 
 proprietors of the Ann Arbor Democrat, is the editor and proprie- 
 tor. The paper began as a six-column quarto, and continued as 
 such for 12 weeks, when, its advertising patronage becoming so 
 large, a change was demanded in its size. It was therefore en- 
 larged to a nine-column folio, with length of columns usually of a 
 10-column folio, being one of the largest German papers in the 
 country. The large and intelligent German population of this 
 county demand a paper in their native language that will take rank 
 with the best papers published in the English language. This they 
 undoubtedly have in the Post, and few country papers have ever 
 attained the success of the Post in so short a time. 
 
 Mr. Leisemer, the editor of the Post, was born in Lisbon, Canada, 
 Aug. 10, 1859. In 1870 he removed with his parents to the vil- 
 lage of Saline, in this county, where, in 1872, he entered the office 
 of the Saline Review for the purpose of learning the printing busi- 
 ness. This was an important step in his life, and the wisdom of 
 his choice of professions has been proven by the success attending 
 him in the role of editor and publisher. At the age of 18 his career 
 as a publisher began with the Saline Standard. His latest move was 
 in the establishment of the Washtenaw Post, the success of which 
 has already been stated. Mr. Leisemer was married July 2. 1879, to 
 Miss EmmaM. Helber, daughter of Dr. C. ilelber, of Saline. Mrs. 
 L. is an accomplished lady, a graduate of the department of 
 modern languages, in the class of 1878, of the State Normal School, 
 ofYpsilanti. She is a writer of more than ordinary ability, and since 
 the establishment of the Post, has occupied the position of assist- 
 ant editor, and has had almost entire control of the local and mis- 
 cellaneous departments of the paper. To her efforts is due in part 
 the success that has attended its publication. Mr. Leisemer en- 
 joyed no advantages of education other than that of the common 
 schools, save that of the "Poor Man's College," — the printing 
 office,— a college that has graduated some of the most eminent men 
 of the country, among whom were Benjamin Franklin and Horace 
 Greeley. In politics Mr. Leisemer is a Democrat, but the Post is 
 independent in politics. 
 
 THE DAILY NEWS. 
 
 This sprightly little sheet is issued every evening ( Sundays ex- 
 cepted) from the office over Brown's drug store, on the corner of 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 571 
 
 Main and Hnron streets. The proprietors of the News, Messrs. 
 Konscup & Tanner, were formerly of Toledo, but during the au- 
 tumn of 1880 came to Ann Arbor, and on Nov. 23 the first issue 
 of the paper was put into the hands of tlie citizens of that beautiful 
 city. The paper is a five-column folio, strictly non-partisan and 
 entirely devoted to the local news of Ann Arbor and vicinity. The 
 paper was printed with rented material up to Feb. 1, 1880, but 
 since that time with their own press and material. 
 
 The typographical appearance of the News, which is the only 
 daily printed in Washtenaw county, is neat and tasty. It is an 
 honor to any olfice to send out such an excellent quality of work. 
 The iV^WJS office is furnished all through with the best material and 
 presses, and for mechanical execution the job work done at this 
 office will compare favorably with that turned out from the larger 
 establishments of the State. Its editors are of the most thoroughly 
 enterprising newspaper men of the county, and that the progress 
 they have made is appreciated by the citizens of the place is 
 evinced by the unusual success attending their enterprise. A short 
 notice of the editors would perhaps be of interest to the many 
 readers of this volume: 
 
 Henry W. Eonscup was born at Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio, in 
 1849, and is a son of John E.. and Lucretia Ronscup. Henry was 
 educated at the district schools, but in early life sought employ- 
 ment in a printing office, and has mainly followed that profession 
 through life. He first worked on the Wyandotte Pioneer, of 
 Upper Sandusky, Ohio, in 1868. After six months he became a 
 compositor on the Union of the same city. He next went to Fort 
 Wayne, Ind., and labored on the Daily Democrat, afterward the 
 Daily Sentinel. In 1872, on account of poor health, he resigned 
 his position, and secured employment on the Pittsburg & Fort 
 Wayne P. R., where he worked as brakeman and subsequently as 
 conductor on the G. P. & I. P. P. for four years. In 1876, he 
 again entered the profession, this time in the Gazette oifice, of 
 Fort Wayne. Not long after he accepted a position as traveling 
 salesman for a wholesale paper establishment of Fort Wayne, and 
 in 1879, entered the oflice of the Toledo Commerckd and Blade. 
 On the 15th of ]S[ovember,1880, he came to Ann Arbor, and has since 
 labored faithfully and earnestly on the Daily News. On June 18, 
 1879, he was married to Miss May Graham, the daughter of 
 James Graham, the oldest engineer on the P., F. W. & C. P. P. 
 They have one child, James G. 
 
 Gustave A. Tanner was born at Toledo, Ohio, March 20, 1S60, 
 and is a son of Jacob Tanner, an old resident of that city. Gus- 
 tavus early turned his attention to the printing business, and was 
 first employed by BarduU Bros. He subsequently worked on the 
 Toledo Bee, and for six months was a typo in the oflice of the Cin- 
 cinnati Enquirer. Previous to his removal to Ann Arbor, he was 
 foreinan of the Toledo Telegram. Mr. Tanner is considered one 
 of the best job printers in this section of the country, and that 
 part of the News office is under his able and efficient supervision. 
 
572 eiSTOEi" OF washtenaw county. 
 
 YPSILANTI PAPEKS. 
 
 THE SENTINEL. 
 
 The first paper published in Ypsilanti was the Ypsilanti Repub- 
 lican, by a young man named Wallace. It was published for little 
 over a year, about the year 1837-'38, when, owing to disagreement 
 between the stockholders and printer, it was suspended, the ma- 
 terial scattered and the paper was never resumed. In 1844, I. M. 
 Edmunds, John Van Fossen, Arden H. Ballard, and M. Towne, 
 with perhaps others, procured the office of a defunct paper in the 
 interior, and under the lead of John Van Fossen, started the Ypsi- 
 lanti Sentinel, in the interest of Henr}' Clay, the "Whig candidate 
 for the presidency. It ran until the disastrous Whig defeat of that 
 year, when the "supplies" being cut oflF it stopped. The owners, 
 desirous of having a paper published in the place, did, through I. 
 M. Edmunds, offer the use of the oflSce to Mr. Charles Woodruff, 
 on condition that he would resuscitate the concern. This he did, 
 and continued the paper for three years; when, finding the proprie- 
 tors unaccommodating in the matter of refitting the office, he 
 abandoned it in 1848. The material passed into the hands of 
 Aaron Guest, of New York, who published a paper called theYpsi- 
 lanti Ohronicle, for the period of one year; but he, failing to pay 
 for the office, lost possession of it, when it was purchased by Mr. 
 Woodruff, who revived the Sentinel. This journal has been pub- 
 lished without interruption ever since. It is now in its 34th vol- 
 ume, being one of the oldest papers in the State, and perhaps the 
 oldest under an unchanged proprietorship. The People's Advo- 
 cate a7'id Political Register is the name of another paper started. 
 This continued for a short time, bat dropped for lack of encourage- 
 ment. The Michigan School Journal was also an enterprise 
 that originated in the Sentinel office, and promised fairly; but the 
 time for success had not arrived. The Sentinel leaves little un- 
 noticed. It is a newspaper at once comprehensive and deserving 
 the name it bears. The editor possesses a peculiar idea of free 
 institutions, an idea truly American, and as broad as the Eepublic 
 which fostered it. Ever opposing an unjust cause, ever upholding 
 what should be the birthright of the hiiman family, he acts the 
 part of a writer whose sympathies are strong and perfect, whose 
 knowledge of the political condition of the nations is full and ac- 
 curate. 
 
 Charles Woodruff, well known throughout the State as one of 
 the earliest supporters of the cause of education in this State, as 
 well as one of its veteran journalists, was born in Seneca county, 
 N. Y. He came to the Territory of Michigan early in 1836. Be- 
 lieving, in view of the liberal grants of land for school and 
 University purposes, that Michigan was to be pre-eminent in edu- 
 cational matters, aud afford a good field for teachers, he repaired to 
 the State of Pennsylvania, and, entering Allegheny College, re- 
 
HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 573 
 
 mained until graduating in 1841. In 1842 he returned to the State 
 of Michigan, and began the profession of teaching by establishing 
 a private school, both for English and Classical students. This 
 school, at its close, occupied a building where the seminary now 
 stands, which was subsequently bought and furnished as a central 
 school-house, as the choice of the surrounding districts. Ke- 
 linquisliing the business of teaching on the revival of the public 
 schools, Mr. Woodruff has since devoted himself to an editorial 
 career. The veteran journalist has long since passed the summer 
 of this life, and yet continues to wield the pen with as much ease 
 and vigor as he did long years ago. Throughout the political wars 
 of almost half a century the influence of his journal has been felt 
 and approved by that party in which he places some of his political 
 trust. 
 
 The Herald.— The newspaper known as the Ypsilanti Herald 
 was established in 1858 by Messrs. Norris & Follett. This journal 
 opposed the tenets of the Sentinel until July, 1860, when the orig- 
 inal owners disposed of the office to James McCracken. Capt. 
 Wilsie purchased McCracken's interest immediately after, and con- 
 tinued the publication of the Herald until April, 1861, when he 
 rented the office to the editor of the Sentinel, who carried on its 
 business in connection with his own. 
 
 THE COMMEECIAL. 
 
 The Commercial was founded March 1, 1864, with a capital of 
 $600. This journal at that time was a 24x36 sheet ; enlarged in 
 1868 to a 28x40 ; in 1876 to a 30x44, and in December, 1880, to a 
 35x47. It is thoroughly Republican in politics. In the various 
 political campaigns it has taken a leading part. It was the first 
 journal in the State to denounce Andrew Johnson as a traitor ; the 
 first to sound abroad the treachery in selling out the Kepublican 
 party of the South for a mere mess of pottage by Mr. Hayes. It 
 was among the first to protest against the re-nomination of Gen. 
 Grant for the presidency, and a strong supporter of Mr. Blaine. 
 
 The Commercial has been marked by several exciting local con- 
 tests of a business and social character. The first was that attend- 
 ant on the support given to the D., H. & S. W. railroad. In this 
 connection no less than 172 able editorials were written, showing 
 that its construction would ultimately lead to the construction of 
 the Toledo & Air Line road via Ypsilanti. 
 
 The temperance movement of November, 1872, in this section 
 of Washtenaw, owes its origin and success to the Commercial. 
 
 Another war, carried on through its columns, was that against 
 the card-players of the Reform Club. The cards were excluded, 
 and the society became a reformed club. 
 
 During the University war this journal joined issue with the 
 anti-Beal-ers, and formed one of their strongest supporters. 
 
5Y4: HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The Commercial building is at present an office 22x60 feet, two 
 stories high, replete in all its departments, and unquestionably a 
 leading printing office. The circulation of this journal compares 
 favorably with the county journals, and claims the largest circula- 
 tion in the county of Washtenaw. The editor appears to have been 
 raised in the school of literature. A genial temperament, benevo- 
 lent disposition, and honesty of purpose mark his progress through 
 this world. He entered the journalistic work while still a student, 
 and when circumstances called liim into a more practical branch of 
 journalism, as editor and publisher of the Gommeroial, he carried 
 with him a college enthusiasm and a literary man's tastes. Mr. 
 Pattison's character as an able journalist has been well sustained. 
 Under his care the Commercial has won for itself a high name, and 
 a career of increasing prosperity. 
 
 C. R. Pattison was born May 7, 1824, at Forrestville, Chautauqua 
 Co., J^T. Y. At the age of 12 years he came to Micliigan Territory 
 with his parents, Dr. S. W. and Mrs. Phoebe Pattison. From 1836 
 to 1840 he devoted his time to fishing and hunting and clerking in 
 in a store. During these years he received a liberal education at 
 his father's home, so that at the age of 17 he taught a district school. 
 Subsequently he was appointed Principal of the High School at 
 Trenton a few terms, and was an assistant in the Tpsilanti Acad- 
 emy. For one year he was a pupil in the preparatory department 
 of the Madison University, N^. Y. In the fall of 1846 lie entered 
 the Michigan University. His class comprised 16 members, in- 
 cluding Edwin Hewitt and W. C. Stevens, now of this city, Dr. 
 Root and Dr. Hindy. Not one of these was enrolled on the sopho- 
 more list. Among the graduates were Greneral P>arber, 0. M. 
 Barnes, Calvin Bacon, Eev. Wm. Cathcart, Rev. L. R. Fisk, Hon. 
 J. W. McMath, Wm. A. Moore; contending with poverty as con- 
 comitance incidental to most students of that day, in June, 1850, 
 they spoke their little pieces in the Baptist church. Prof. A. Ten 
 Brook was President. The title of Mr. Pattison's oration was "The 
 Hope of Europe." Bouquets were not then- in fashion on such 
 occasions, or otherwise the orator would have received a shower. 
 Rushing, tearing up sidewalks, and other peccadilloes of hair- 
 brained scapegoats were not then in vogue; the freshmen, however, 
 were initiated by a harmless, amusing performance called bump- 
 tonism, requiring prowess on the part of the sophomores, and a 
 gallant resistance on that of the verdant freshmen. In the tussle 
 Root and Hendee came off first best, and of the remainder of the class 
 Mr. Pattison saith not. 
 
 The secret society contest occurred in 1849; the faculty attempted 
 to root out secret societies. In the conflict whicli ensued he was 
 a mere spectator, as previous to his entrance into college he 
 formed an inveterate prejudice against such societies. His mother 
 thought them to be of a most noxious character, and to her he 
 made a solemn promise that he would not join one during his col- 
 legiate course. So far as this promise is concerned he has not since 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 575 
 
 changed his mind. Through the last 15 years he has connected 
 himself with the Masons, Good Templars, Sons of Temperance 
 and Knights of Honor. The iirst inculcates some ennobling senti- 
 ments, but still possesses serious drawbacks. Were he to pass 
 through college again he would glory in being a "neutral," though 
 he owns it requires pluck and nerve and a big fight to secure 
 deserved recognition. It is his judgment that they are yet destined 
 to drain to the very dregs the virility and true independence of 
 college life, and tend to that accursed monopoly in college halls that 
 is undermining the institutions and independence of our country 
 in railroading, telegraphing, etc. He was a member of the glorious 
 Alpha Jfi/, a literary society embracing a large membership and 
 more talent than any others in college. In debate, orations, etc., 
 he always took a full part. The weekly sessions were to him a 
 source of pleasure, and the editorship of the Sibyl for three terms, 
 a literary journal, aided largely in preparing him for a journalistic 
 career. With the assistance of others, Mr. Pattison raised the 
 standard of the Sibyl to such a high position that it was a power. 
 One of its leading features was a review of the orators of the 
 Alpha JVu. 
 
 Professor Ten Brook held the chair of mental and moral philos- 
 ophy. Dr. Wheedon, general literature and history; Prof. Agnew, 
 ancient languages; Prof. Fasquelle, modern languages; Dr. Doug- 
 lass, chemistry and geology, and Prof. Williams, the chair of 
 mathematics. 
 
 After graduating at Ann Arbor, Mr. Pattison went to Newton 
 Theological Seminary, Mass., from which he graduated in June, 
 1853. In the fall of that year he was appointed pastor of tiie First 
 Baptist Church, of Pontiac, where he remained until Oct. 1, 1855. 
 In Pontiac the church was built up and received quite an addition. 
 In January, 1856, he was chosen pastor of the Baptist Church at 
 Grass Lake, Jackson Co., where he baptized over 30 persons. Ill 
 health forced him to retire from pastoral work, and he became 
 ngent of the Baptist Publication Society, Jan. 1, 1857, for Michi- 
 gan; also during this term he was correspondent of the Michigan 
 Christian Herald, editing the famous "Notes by the Way." 
 
 Mr. Pattison married Miss Ellen Frey Sept. 3, 1854. this lady 
 is a dangiiter of Deacon Job Frey, of Athol, Mass. They are the 
 parents of nine children, of whom one (Willie) died in infancy. The 
 eldest daughter, an accomplished young lady, died in 1877, at the 
 age of 21 years. The eldest son, Warren F., now local editor of 
 the CommeTcicd, was a member some years of the State Normal 
 School, and also of the Agricultural College. Lizzie, eldest living 
 daughter, graduated last year, with honor at the Normal School, 
 and is now a preceptress at Cairo. 
 
 Ypsllanti True Democrat. — C. R. Pattison purchased the office 
 of the Herald Jan. 1, 1864, and issued the first number of the True 
 Dem.ocrat March 3, 1864. The editor subsequently changed the 
 title of his newspaper to that of the Commercial. 
 
576 HIBTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. " 
 
 THE TP8ILANTIAN 
 
 is independent in politics. From its inauguration signal success 
 has waited upon it; its typography and entire mechanical work are 
 perfect; its columns, always replete with news, show tliat a rare at- 
 tention is bestowed by the editor. The steady progress which has 
 marked its career is evidence of the popularity of the journal; 
 from an issue of 600 copies early in 1880, it is said to have ad- 
 vanced so rapidly, that now an actual circulation of over 1,100 
 copies is enjoyed. Mr. Woodruff is an estimable young man; he 
 has given to his journal that name which really pertains to himself. 
 His sympathies are peculiarly Ypsilantian, and being so, there is 
 every prospect of his reaching the summit of success, — success. 
 
 M. F. Woodruff, second son of Charles Woodruff, was born at 
 Ypsilanti Aug. 13, 1853. Educated at the Union School, he grad- 
 uated there in the class of 1870. Entering the oflBce of the Senti- 
 nel, he became foreman, which position he held until Oct. 1, 1874, 
 when he accepted a partnership in the Sentinel. His marriage 
 with Miss Eva Bowlby, of Ovid, Mich., was celebrated Nov. 7, 1878. 
 He was connected with his father's journal until Oct. 1, 1879, when 
 he left that office and became the founder of the Ypsilantian. The 
 office was furnished in December, 1879, and the first copy of his 
 journal issued Jan. 2, 1880. 
 
 The School. — This monthly iournal or magazine was edited by 
 C. F, E. Bellows, A. M., and JDublished by Bellows & Co. The 
 School was the organ of the Normal School, devoted to educational 
 interests, contributed to by leading educators, and supported 
 principally by the faculty of the Normal. The journal was printed 
 in the office of the Commercial. 
 
 DEXTER PAPER. 
 
 DEXTER LBADBK. 
 
 In 1868 Norman E. Allen, of Dexter, began the issue of an ad- 
 vertising sheet, under the name of the Dexter ^wZZeim, publishing 
 it semi-occasionally. After the issue of five or six numbers, the 
 village began to see the importance of having a newspaper to rep- 
 resent its interests. A printer from Detroit was induced to locate 
 there, and with capital furnished by S. C. Alley, an office was pur- 
 chased, and on the 28th day of January, 1869, the first number of 
 the Dexter Leader made its appearance, with the names of Alley 
 & Wickmere, as publishers. It was a seven-column folio, and a 
 very neat and tidy little sheet. The co-partnership existing be- 
 tween Mr. Alley and Mr. Wickmere was dissolved May 13, 1869, 
 when Mr. Alley continued the publication of the paper for a few 
 months longer, disposing of it in September to Archibald McMil- 
 lan, who immediately assumed control. Mr. McMillan was a good 
 printer and a writer of more than ordinary ability, one who had 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 577 
 
 experienced a somewhat checkered career. He served through the 
 war, and at its close went to Detroit and embarked in business, 
 which, not proving successful, compelled him again to return to his 
 trade of printer. The JOeader, under his control, was made an 
 excellent country paper, and yielded a comfortable income. Desir- 
 ing a larger field of operation, he disposed of his paper in Septem- 
 ber, 1876, and removed to Bay City. Mr. McMillan's successot 
 was Urville E. Hoyt, who went to Dexter from Ypsilanti. Mr. 
 Hoyt was a good printer and ma'de the Leader a handsome paper. 
 In May, 1880, David Edgar purchased the office and good will of 
 the paper, which has flourished under his management. David 
 Edgar was born in the county of Down, Ireland, Sept. 30, 
 1831. In 1844, with his parents, he emigrated to America and set- 
 tled at Lansingburg, N. Y., where he remained until 1857. At 
 Lansingburg he attended an academy, and went through the pre- 
 paratory course, entering Princeton College in 1851, from which 
 he graduated in 1864, with the degree of A. B. In 1855 he entered 
 Princeton Theological Seminary, graduating from that institution 
 in 1857, at which time he received his degree of A. M. On gradu- 
 ating he received a call to minister to the Presbyterian Church at 
 Haverstraw, Kockland Co., !New York, where he remained one 
 year. He has since served as pastor or supply for the Churches in 
 Duanesburg, New York, two years ; Troy, New York, seven years; 
 Napoleon, Ohio, four years ; Upper Sandusky, Ohio, two years ; 
 Parma, Michigan, three years ; Raisin, Michigan, four years. It 
 will thus be seen Mr. Edgar has had an active ministerial career 
 for twenty-three years. 
 
 Dec. 16, 1857, he was united in marriage with Miss Matilda 
 Dummer, at Waterford, New York. One child, a son, is the result 
 of this union. In order to educate this son, and to enable the 
 family to be near each other, Mr. Edgar moved to Dexter and pur- 
 chased the Leader. Mr. Edgar's excellent education, his long 
 ministerial career, and native genius, enable him to conduct the 
 Leader in a far better manner than falls to the lot of most provin- 
 cial papers. 
 
 CHELSEA PAPER. 
 
 CHELSEA HERALD. 
 
 This paper is the successor of the Grass Lake Reporter, the 
 office in which it is published having been removed by its proprie- 
 tor from the village of Grass Lake, Jackson Co., in 1871. Like 
 all country papers not having a large amount of official patronage, 
 it has had its seasons of prosperity and seasons of adversity. As 
 a general thing, it has enjoyed a fair amount of patronage; its 
 advertisers are liberal, the result of having live merchants in the 
 village. Andrew Allison, its editor and proprietor, was born in 
 the city of Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 16, 1827. He is the son of 
 
578 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Andrew and Jane (Nelson) Allison. His father was a tallow 
 chandler. When he was 10 years of age his parents carne to 
 America and located at Toronto, Can., and there, at 14, he began 
 to work as a printer in the Colonist office. He was bound for live 
 years as an apprentice, and after he had finished this term of ser- 
 vice he, in 1841, went to Buffalo, N. Y., and worked in Faxon's 
 job office. He was there two years, at the end of which he went 
 back to Toronto and was there married to Miss Forrester Bentley, 
 in 1850. They soon went to Oswego, and Mr. Allison there worked 
 a week in the Times office, after which he and his wife went to 
 Kochester, where he found employment in the Democrat office, 
 remaining there for two years. Buffalo was Mr. Allison's next 
 stopping place, and Cleveland the next, where he worked a week on 
 the PlaindeaJsr. In Sandusky he was employed a short time on 
 the Clarion. He finally settled down in Detroit and followed his 
 profession there for 17 years. He was an employe on the F'ree 
 Press when W. F. Story, of the Chicago Times, owned that paper, 
 and worked in numerous other offices. In 1867 he removed to 
 Grass Lake, Jackson Co., and started the Grass Lake Reporter. 
 Alter fonr years' trial at Grass Lake, he concluded that Chelsea 
 was a more promising point for a newspaper venture, and removed his 
 office to this village and started the Chelsea Herald in September, 
 1871. He has continued the paper ever since, and has succeeded in 
 establishing it on a profitable basis, with a large circulation and a 
 liberal advertising patronage. Llis office is well equipped with 
 news and job material, and is more complete in this respect than 
 most country offices. Mr. Allison is a member of the Odd Fellows 
 and Masonic fraternities. Besides his printing establishment and 
 newspaper, he possesses considerable town property, and owns the 
 house in which he resides. 
 
 MANCHESTER PAPERS. 
 
 THE MANCHESTEB ENTEKPEISE. 
 
 This paper was established in October, 1867, by Geo. A. SpafFord. 
 This journal was an independent weekly newspaper, and continued 
 to be issued regularly until October, 1868, when Spaftbrd's interest 
 was purchased by Mat D. Blosser. This newspaper is a 28-column 
 journal, well printed, and replete witii news. The office, at the 
 time of purchase, was valued at $1,000; now it has reached a valua- 
 tion of about $3,000. The circulation of the Enterprise in 1868 
 was 250 copies weekly, increased in October of that year to 350, 
 and now to 900 copies. It circulates through S. W. Washtenaw, 
 Northern Lenawee and S. E. Jackson. The office employs three 
 men, and is furnished with a Washington newspaper press, a Globe 
 job press, with cutters and new type. The job work is done in the 
 latest styles, and equals in neatness the product of metropolitan 
 printing houses. Mr. Spafford started the office on a capital of 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAAV COUNTY. 579 
 
 $5.00. _His successor started with a smaller capital and made the 
 enterprise a success. 
 
 Mat. D. Blosser was bom at Tecaraseh, Lenawee Co., Mich., 
 Sept. 3, 1846, son of Peter F. and Sarah E. (Beyler) Blosser, of 
 Lockport, Niagara Co., IST. Y. The family came"^to Michigan in 
 1844: and settled at Tecumseh, where the editor of the Enterprise 
 was born. Having received a fair education at the Union school, 
 he entered the Tecumseh Herald office in 1860, under W. A. 
 Minocks, where he acquired the art of printing. Going East, he 
 completed his knowledge of the printing business at Lockport, 
 JM . Y. There he labored in the job office of the Daily Journal and 
 Courier until 1864, when he returned West. Between the years 
 1864 and 1867 Mr. Blosser worked at various places, laying up a 
 store of experiences during his travels. He ultimately came to 
 Manchester in 1867, where he aided Spaffi)rd in the establishment 
 of the Enterprise, and a year later became its sole proprietor and 
 editor. Since Mr. Blosser's editorial career was entered upon, he 
 has followed the course of an independent journalist, and has suc- 
 ceeded in rendering the Enterprise one of the most trustworthy 
 journals in the county. 
 
 In 1812 Matthias Blosser, of Seneca county, N. Y., served in the 
 independent company raised tliere during that year. The company 
 served for three months in the Lake campaign, at Buffalo, Lewis- 
 ton and Niagara. At the close of his term of .service, he re-enlisted 
 for a second term. The Blosser family arrived from Germany 
 about the middle of the 17th century. It was here while a Euro- 
 pean aristocracy molded the colonists to follow the paths, and be 
 content in the condition of slaves; and when the new era arrived, 
 when the people of the colonies had attained a high intelligence, 
 the sons of that German immigrant entered the ranks of the Kev- 
 olution and aided in easting off the foulest tyranny that ever 
 crushed the energies of a people. 
 
 The Manchester Journal was established Oct. 21, 1873, by G. 
 R. Palmer, as a weekly newspaper, independent in politics. Though 
 published here, the paper was printed at Jackson or Tecumseh, 
 and reached a circulation of about 300. The publication of the 
 Journal became irregular, and was suspended entirely after a career 
 of 10 or 11 months. 
 
 SALINE PAPERS. 
 
 Saline Review. — This was the first paper started in the village 
 of Saline. It was established in the fall of 1872, and was an eight- 
 column folio, neutral in politics, and was regarded with great favor 
 for a time by the citizens of Saline and vicinity. David Sher- 
 wood was the editor and proprietor, and succeeded in making a 
 good local paper. The business men of the village patronized the 
 paper quite liberally, and it had a very fair subscription list dur- 
 ino- the first year. Its success was not as great the second year. 
 
580 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and at the expiration of six months on the second volume it sus- 
 pended publication. The oflBce was removed to Plymouth, Mich., 
 by Mr. Sherwood, who embarked in the printing business at that 
 place. 
 
 Saline Oracle. — The second attempt in establishing a newspaper 
 in Saline was in the fall of 1875, by W. W. Secord, who began the 
 publication of a five-column quarto, neutral in politics. Mr. Se- 
 cord was the editor, but was assisted by George Miles. The paper 
 never received any great encouragement either in the way of ad- 
 vertising or subscriptions, and at the end of one year it was discon- 
 tinued and the office moved to Ypsilanti. Its existence is hardly 
 remembered by the people of Saline. 
 
 Saline Standard. — On the 1st day of December, 1877, L. J. 
 Leisemer, who was raised in the village, and worked at the printing 
 trade in the oSices of the Review and Oracle, began the publica- 
 tion of the Saline Standard, a seven-column folio. The paper 
 was continued but one year, and in that time was well patronized 
 by the business men in the way of advertisements, and by the peo- 
 ple in subscriptions. The paper was a success from the begin- 
 ning, and was only suspended from the fact tliat Mr. Leisemer could 
 better himself by a consolidation witli the Ann Arbor Democrat, 
 and removing to the latter place. At the time Mr. Leismer started 
 the Standard he was but 18 years of age, and was the youngest 
 publisher in the State, if not in the Union. His success was, 
 therefore, the more commendable. 
 
 SALINE OBSERVER. 
 
 The publication of this paper was commenced in November, 
 1880. It is a large folio sheet, with LeBaron & Co. as publishers, 
 and George J. Nisely, editor. Mr. Nisely has succeeded in making 
 an interesting and readable paper, which is appreciated by the busi- 
 ness men, as evinced by the advertising patronage obtained, and 
 by the citizens in sustaining it by their subscriptions. Mr. Nisely 
 was born in Saline, Dec. 5, 1858. His parents are Daniel and 
 Margaret Wisely. He received his education in the schools of 
 Saline and Ann Arbor. In 1877 he engaged in the grocery and 
 crockery trade, with Mr. LeBaron, his partner in the printing busi- 
 ness, which business is still continued by the firm. " In 1878 Mr. 
 Nisely purchased an amateur outfit and occupied his leisure time in 
 odd jobs of printing, especially for the firm. From this humble 
 beginning originated the present live newspaper, the first issue of 
 which bears date Nov. 18, 1880. Mr. Nisely is yet young, and a 
 bright future lies before him, which he will doubtless improve. 
 
CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 TREMENDOUS TORNADO. 
 
 On Tuesday evening, July 7, 187-4, occurred in Ann Arbor one 
 of the most destructive storms of wind, hail and rain that was ever 
 witnessed in any community. All day long the sun had been ex- 
 cessively hot, and just at sunset two dark clouds were seen to 
 approach from the southwest ; others^of a very dark and murky 
 appearance immediately followed, when the storm commenced in 
 ail its fury, passing in its destroying march from west to east, up- 
 rooting hundreds of good forest trees, in some instances large oaks, 
 two or three feet in diameter, being torn from their roots and given 
 to the four winds ; fences were scattered broadcast, in some cases 
 buildings unroofed, and bricks thrown from the chimneys many 
 feet. One man had some 500 peach-trees torn from the earth ; 
 others lamented the destruction of large tracts of timber. Many 
 farmers found their stock running at pleasure over the farm in the 
 morning, without hindrance from fence. The roads were made 
 impassable by the fallen trees, and progress through them was 
 exceedingly diflScult for two or three days. Altogether it caused 
 much destruction of property. 
 
 RAIN STORM. 
 
 On Friday, Aprils, 1836, Washtenaw county was visited with a 
 destructive rain storm, accompanied with vivid flashes of lightning 
 and heavy peals of thunder. For several days previous it had been 
 quite warm and pleasant. All nature seemed to wear the cheerful- 
 ness of spring. The roads had become dry and passable after the 
 frosts of winter, when, unexpectedly, the sky began to darken and 
 the rain to descend in torrents. The storm continued, with slight 
 intermission, for about 12 hours. The effects were such as proba- 
 bly never before had been witnessed in this county. Little rivulets 
 by the wayside were swollen into large streams, tearing up the 
 roads, sweeping away crossways, bridges and fences. The larger 
 streams and rivers arose with corresponding rapidity, continuing 
 and extending the work of destruction on a more magnificent scale. 
 The roads on all sides were rendered almost impassable, while 
 many of the most valuable and important bridges on the main roads 
 
 (581) 
 
582 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 were swept away, and machinery on tlie different streams was more 
 or less damaged. 
 
 MIRACULOUS ESCAPE. 
 
 On Friday, June 25, 1858, at about 2 o'clock, occurred what was 
 thought at that time to be a most distressing accident, but what 
 proved to be only a slight one. It seems that two men, named 
 James Bush and Horace Eichmond. were digging a well on the 
 premises of L. C. Risdon and W. S. Saunders, and had got down 
 some 35 feet, when the curbing gave way, and they were buried 
 beneath 17 feet of earth and rubbish. The alarm was imme- 
 diatel}' given, and a large number of men with picks and shovels 
 commenced to clear away the dirt, and to rescue the imprisoned 
 victims. Hour after hour was spent in taking out the treacherous 
 gravel, which ran in from the banks almost as fast as taken out, 
 and about 11 a. m., on Saturday, one of the workmen sounded the 
 " depths below " with a crowbar, and sent back the glad response 
 that there was air. About a quarter to 12, a voice came up 
 from the depths. It uttered : " We are hoth alive. For God''s 
 sake take off the dirt and give us some water.'" A great shout 
 went up from the assembled hundreds, and a great burden was 
 lifted from the hearts of the wives of the two men — one only 14 
 years old and a bride of only a few weeks. The men labored 
 with renewed energy, and at i p. m., after an entombment of 2& 
 hours, Richmond was relieved, and drawn to the top. He was un- 
 injured in limb, and in an hour or two had fully recovered. Bush 
 was not taken out till eight o'clock, having been confined 30 hours. He 
 was somewhat bruised, and his lower limbs perfectly paralyzed, the 
 pressure of gravel having stopped the circulation. He was taken to- 
 a residence near by, where he lay in a critical condition for several 
 days, but finally' recovered. In talking about it afterward, Rich- 
 mond said tiiat at the moment of the accident he had unhooked the 
 rope from the bucket, and was coming out of the well, havinggiven 
 the word to hoist. He was consequently standing up, and Bush 
 was stooping over, when the mass fell. The old curbing in the 
 well formed an arch over his head about as high as he could reach, 
 thus protecting him from the rush of gravel, his lower limbs being 
 wedged fast. He assisted Bush, who from his position was com- 
 paratively helpless, and drew the gravel away from his face to give 
 breathing room. The first move that was made above ground was 
 heard by the sufferers below. They heard the men removing the 
 stones and rubbish, and heard the voices, but couldn't understand 
 what was said. They talked freely together most all the time, but 
 Richmond slept quite soundly a portion ql the time, and was not a 
 little surprised on awakening to find that he had neither turned 
 over in bed nor kicked the clothes off. The preservation of these 
 men was indeed a miracle, and one which will long be remembered 
 by the sufferers and their friends. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 585 
 
 BOILER EXPLOSION AT YPSILANTI. 
 
 A terrible calamity occurred at Ypsilanti on Friday, Jan. 14, 
 1876, in Cornwell's Paper Mill, the boiler exploding, killing two 
 men and injuring one other. The hour at which this sad catastro- 
 phe happened was precisely noon, and there were only three men 
 in the building at the time — John Max, the engineer, a youth 
 named Charles Otto, and a farmer named John Farmer. These 
 men were in the engine room, and the youth noticed the steam 
 gauge going around quite rapidly, and exclaimed: " There is some- 
 thing wrong here," and was laughed at by the man Farmer, who 
 stood warming himself at the fire. John Max, the engineer, 
 glanced at the gauge and sprang on top of one of the boilers — 
 there being two of them and connected with each other — to open 
 the valve between the boilers, and to let the steam from one into 
 the other. At this moment it is supposed the boiler exploded. 
 The explosion was heard by the people of Ypsilanti, and many 
 thought it was an earthquake; but in a few moments it was known 
 what had occurred and hundreds rushed to the spot. One-half of 
 the large mill was a perfect ruin. The large brick chimney, nearly 
 one hundred feet high, was blown still higher, and came down with 
 a thundering crash. The body of the engineer, John Max, was 
 found at the foot of a hay-stack in a hoi-ribly mutilated condition, 
 while a few feet off his head was found lying on a wood-pile. The boy. 
 Otto, was found under the debris in the corner of the engine room, 
 while near him lay John Farmer, who had several ribs broken and 
 was entirely disabled. The end of the boiler, weighing al:out 
 4,000 pounds, was blown about 180 feet and plowed a large hole 
 in the ground at that distance. A coronor's jury was impaneled 
 and gave a verdict that the steam gauge was not in safe working 
 order, but the boiler was in good condition. The man Max left a 
 wife and six children to mourn the untimely loss of an ever indul- 
 gent husband and father. The loss to the owners of the mill was 
 nearly $10,000. 
 
 WASHTENAW COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY. 
 
 This society was organized in 1829 as auxiliary to the Ameri- 
 can Bible Society, of New York. A large number ol Bibles and 
 Testaments, in the English and German languages, have been sold 
 and donated in Washtenaw county since the organization of the 
 society. A large number of destitute persons have been supplied 
 with the Scriptures through its labors. Those making annual do- 
 nations to the society are members of the same. For many years 
 the county was annually canvassed by an agent appointed by the 
 parent society, but acting in co-operation with the county society. 
 A large amount of money was thus annually raised. Of late years 
 this plan has been abandoned; therefore the receipts have been con- 
 siderably lessened. 
 
 36 
 
586 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 
 
 CBIMK. 
 
 The county of Washtenaw will compare favorably with any 
 county of the same population with respect to the number of 
 crimes committed within its borders. From a careful examination 
 of the court records, extending over a period of 54 years, it is 
 ascertained there have been bills of indictment found against 553 
 persons, distributed as follows: 
 
 Violation of liquor law 19 
 
 Assault and battery 40 
 
 Larceny 174 
 
 Scire facias on forfeited recognizance 5 
 
 Murder, manslaughter 6 
 
 Murder in the first degree 11 
 
 Murder in the second degree 1 
 
 Forgery 15 
 
 Malicious trespass 2 
 
 Assault and battery with intent to kill 12 
 
 Arson 2 
 
 Burglary 44 
 
 Passing counterfeit money .■ 11 
 
 Kape 9 
 
 Incest 2 
 
 Robbery 1 
 
 Bigamy 2 
 
 Burglarious trespass 2 
 
 Placing obstructions upon railroads 'i 
 
 Breach of prison 2 
 
 Obtaining money under false pretenses 3 
 
 Assaulting an officer 1 
 
 Setting fire to timber 1 
 
 Breaking jail 2 
 
 Bastardy 1 
 
 Adultery 2 
 
 Mayhem 1 
 
 Perjury 1 
 
 Concealing death of a child 1 
 
 Malice with intent to do bodily harm 1 
 
 Poisonitjg 1 
 
 Maliciously injuring dwelling-house 8 
 
 Burning property to obtain insurance 1 
 
 Drunk and disorderly 148 
 
 Receiving stolen property 2 
 
 Slander 1 
 
 Stealing ride on railroad ■ 2 
 
 Defrauding boarding-house 1 
 
 Threats 1 
 
 Keeping house of prostitution 1 
 
 Other crimes 10 
 
 MARRIAGE RECORD. 
 
 The institution of marriage is a holy one, and ought to be most 
 sacredly protected. The county has had its full share of "marrying 
 and giving in marriage." Following is a list of the marriages as 
 shown by the records up to 1830, after which they became too nu- 
 merous to detail: 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 587 
 
 Rufus Knight and Sally Scott, Feb. 17, 1827, by Martin Davis, J. P. 
 
 Daniel Merrill and Elizabeth Eply, March 16, 1837, by Martin Davis, J. P. 
 
 James P. Leland and Alvira Williams, July 1, 1837, by Rufus Grossman, J. P. - 
 
 Levi Whitcomb and Boxlane Putman, April 5, 1837, by Rufus Grossman, J. P. 
 
 Asa H. Reading and Julia Ann Hardy, Dec. 24, 1837, by Saly Neal, J. P. 
 
 William Osman and Mary Rogers, Dec. 16, 1887, by Amariah Rawson, J. P. 
 
 Harvey Ghubb and Caroline Welch, July 30, 1837,"by W. Page, minister. 
 
 Ira Wood and Jane Pulling, Aug. 1, 18i7, by W. Page, minister. 
 
 Rufus Thompson and Lucy Olmstead, Feb. 29, 1828, by Albartin Davis, J. P. 
 
 George Douglass and Alma IMcCormick, March 22, 1838, by IchialEnos, J. P. 
 
 Eri Higby and Mary Ann 'Gorham, Marcli 37, 18i8, by W. Page, minister. 
 
 F. I: Purbc and Mary Ann Boyden, March 37, 1828, by VV. Page, minister. 
 
 Ezra H. Piatt and Jlartha Noyes, March 27, 1838, by W. Page, minister. 
 
 David Hurd and Miranda Leland, March 27, 1838, by W. Page, minister. - 
 
 Noah Emmons and Louis Frazer, April 81, 1838, by Alfred Davis, J. P. 
 
 William Boucher and Louiza Newcomb, April 35, 1838, by Rufus Grossman, J. P. 
 
 Reverend John James and Hannah B. Brown, May 31, 1833, try Z. F. Goston. 
 
 Conrad Eply and Ann Leonard, , 1838. by M.Davis, J. P. 
 
 Simeon A. Dane and Adaline Ranson, June 30, 1828, by Martin Davis, J. P. 
 
 John A. Conway and Ann Simons, July 29, 1838, by Abartin Davis, J. P. 
 
 Erastus Parker and Maria Bartlett, Sept. 30, 1838, by Esec Pray, J. P. 
 
 Andrew H. Ballard and Ordelia Woodruff, Sept. 9, 1838,by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 
 S.?W. Dexter and Millicent Bond, Aug. 11, 1838, by Rufus Grossman, J. P. 
 
 .lesse Meacham and Paulina Meacham, Nov. 3, 1828, by Ichial Enos, J. P. 
 
 Jared Olmsted and Mary Ann Ensign, Nov. 17, 1828, by Amariah Rawson, J. P. 
 
 Loyal Tuttle and Rachel Huff, Nov. 17, 1838, by Amariah Rawson, J. P. 
 
 George Gorham and Catharine Davis, Jan. 25, 1839, by Ichial Enos, J. P. 
 
 George Parker to Clarissa Hicks, Mar. 10, 1829, by Martin Davis, J. P. 
 
 Jonathan Thomas and Janett Simons, Mar. 13, 18a9, by Martin Davis, J. P. 
 
 Joseph W. Slewark to May Hiscock, Max. 9, 1829, by Nathan Newell, J. P. 
 
 Elisha Belcher to Almira L. Bird, Feb. 26, 1839, by Richard F. Cadle. 
 
 Austus Beldenand Nancy Pim, Apr. 19, 1829, by Saly Neal, J. P. 
 
 Robert Geddes and Maria L. Lane, May 7, 1829, by Richard F. Cadle. 
 
 Luman Gee and Mary M. Page, Apr. 29, 1829, by Benjamin Cooper. 
 
 James Love and A. Shippey, June 17, 1839, by Esec Pray, J. P. 
 
 Rodmond Stoddard and Mary Matterson, May 36. 1839, by Esec Pray, J. P. 
 
 Luther Stoddard to Aelinda Harrington, Nov. 8, 1839, by G. Wilcoxson, J. P. 
 
 Harvey Green and Mahittable Patterson, Nov. 15, 1839, by Martin Davis, J. P. 
 
 Blakely Thursden and Elizabeth Codman, Nov. 11, 1829, by Martin Davis, J. P. 
 
 Arba Lampson and Hester Bana, Aug. 12, 1829, by Orange Risdon, J. P. 
 
 Jesse Peters and Polly Jones, Dec. 31, 1829, by Royal Wheelock, J. P. 
 
 Jason Dillet and Emma Fellows, Oct. 17, 1829, by John Walworth, minister. 
 
 Robert Craig and Polly Gilbert, Apr. 13, 1829, by John Walworth, minister. 
 
 James Kingsley and Lucy Ann Clark, Jan. 3, If 30, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 
 John Thompson and Lou A. Williams, Jan. 13, 1830, by John Walworth, J. P. 
 
 Levi J. Hall and Julia Ann Wesley, Feb. 4, 1830, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 
 Aaron Thompson and Betsey Wilson, Mar. 8, 1830, by Martin Davis. J. P. 
 
 Frederick Smith and Sarah Ann Gott, Mar. 14, 1830, by T. W. Merrill. 
 
 Eli Chandler and Pracsa Hudson, Mar. 25, 1830, by T. W. Merrill. 
 
 Major David Mills andLucinda Strickland, Apr. 15, 1830, by T. W. Merrill. 
 
 Alva Brown and Sophia Barker, Feb. 11, 1830, by G. Wilcoxson, J. P. 
 
 David RusspU and Plorilla Ballard, May 9, 1830, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 
 Ephraim Cornish and Elsy Albro, Mar. 21, 1830, by G. Wilcoxson, J. P. 
 
 Mortimer D. Windsor and Polly S. Secord, May 29, 1830, by G. G. Clarke, min- 
 ister. 
 
 William Jackson and Joanna Secord, July 1, 1830, by G. Wilcoxson, J. P. 
 
 Samuel A. Sperry and Maranda Page, July 29, 1830, by T. W. Merrill. 
 
 Ezekiel Wood and Livonia Frazier, May 33, 1830, by John Walworth, minister. 
 
 Reverend Charies G. Clark and Elizabeth Piatt, Aug. 30, 1830, by Noah M. Wells, 
 minister. 
 
 Andrew S. Hays and Clarissa S. Hart, Aug. 2, 1830, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 
 Joseph Wilson and Nancy Bouck, July 4, 1830, by Esec Pray, J. P. 
 
 David McCord and Lucy Miner, Sept. 9, 1830, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 
 Henry Osmerand Sobrina Williams, Aug. 5, 1880, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 
588 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Eli Benton and Ann Lowry, Sept. 19, 1830, by John Walworth, minister. 
 Asa Williams and Hannah Bond, Dec. 16, 1830, by H. Arnold, J. P. 
 Wm. A. McMath and Elizabeth Kimmell, Oct. 3, 1830, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 Peter H. Shaw and Clarissa Wilkinson, Sept. 38, 1830, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 Eli I. Butterfield and Jane Lee, Nov. 9, 1830, by Charles Q. Clark, minister. 
 George Bennett p.ud Eliza Barny, Oct. 17, 1830, by Martin Davis, J. P. 
 J. P. Staunton and Eliza McCormick. Nov. 13, 1830, by Geo. W. Jewett, J. P. 
 Joseph H. Whitmore and Volina White, Dec. 28, 1830, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 Abraham Vorhees and Sophia Davis, Dec. 26, 1830, by Klias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 John Norton and Harriet Hiscock, Oct. 27, 18.S0, by Joseph Hickox, minister. 
 Simon Turrel and Catherine Clark, Dec. 13, ItSO, by Moses CUrk, minister. 
 Hiram Bird and Prudence C. Brooks, Nov. 28, 1830, by Elias M. Skinner, J. P. 
 John Curtis and Elizabeth Dresser, Feb. 33, 1830, by Salmon Champion, J. P. 
 flarmonial Smith and Eliza Davenport, Nov. 25, 1830, by S. Champion, J. P. 
 Isaac Lockwood and Mary Combs, Dec. 18, 1830, by Salmon Champion, J. P. 
 James Wheaton and Desire Stephens, Nov. 11, 1830, by Orange Risdon, J. P. 
 - Lewis L. Barron and Nancy Morton, Aug. 13, 183(i, by Orange Risdon, J. P. 
 Alanson Glazier to Temperance Tyler, Nov. 18, 1880, by Cbas. H. Kellogg, J. P. 
 George McKein and Charlotte Bramble, Deo. 22, 1830, by C. W. Kellogg, J. P. 
 Enos Shippey and Catharine Bennett, Dec. 30, 1830, by Royal Wheelock, J. P. 
 John Turhune and Carpalonia Pettibone, Dec. 9, 1830, by Ira M. Weed, minister. 
 
 The following table shows the number of marriages each year 
 from 1827 to 1880, inclusive. 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 No. ol 
 
 __, 
 
 NO. of 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 Year. 
 
 marriages. 
 
 Year. 
 
 marriages. 
 
 Year. 
 
 marriages. 
 
 Year. 
 
 marriages 
 
 1827. 
 
 8 
 
 1841... 
 
 114 
 
 1855... 
 
 158 
 
 1869... 
 
 375 
 
 1828 
 
 18 
 
 1842... 
 1843. . . 
 
 138 
 
 133 
 
 1856. . . 
 
 1857. . . 
 
 151 
 
 169 
 
 1870. . . 
 1871 .. 
 
 330 
 
 1829. 
 
 14 
 
 351 
 
 18.S0. 
 
 50 
 
 11-44... 
 
 87 
 
 1858. . . 
 
 188 
 
 1873. . . 
 
 301 
 
 1831. 
 
 63 
 
 1845. . . 
 
 118 
 
 1859... 
 
 161 
 
 1873. . . 
 
 314 
 
 1833. 
 
 86 
 
 1846... 
 
 138 
 
 I860... 
 
 159 
 
 1874. . . 
 
 383 
 
 1833 
 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 1847... 
 1848, . . 
 
 147 
 
 173 
 
 1861... 
 1803. . . 
 
 154 
 
 175 
 
 1875. . . 
 
 289 
 
 18.S4. 
 
 1876. . . 
 
 278 
 
 1S.S5. 
 
 138 
 
 1849... 
 
 199 
 
 1863. . . 
 
 234 
 
 1877... 
 
 293 
 
 1836. 
 
 106 
 
 1850. . . 
 
 150 
 
 1864. . . 
 
 357 
 
 1878. . . 
 
 273 
 
 1837. 
 
 107 
 
 1851... 
 
 166 
 
 1865... 
 
 2S7 
 
 1879. . . 
 
 337 
 
 1838. 
 
 103 
 
 1852 .. 
 
 133 
 
 1866... 
 
 299 
 
 1880. . . 
 
 216 
 
 1839 
 
 129 
 
 1853... 
 
 121 
 
 1867... 
 
 369 
 
 
 
 1840 
 
 104 
 
 Total 
 
 1854. . . 
 
 133 
 
 1868. . . 
 
 340 
 
 
 
 
 
 9,701 
 
 
 
 
 BIE 
 
 PHS. 
 
 
 
 
 The command to " multiply and replenish the earth," since the 
 days of Noah, has been in process of fulfillment. Until the year 
 1867, no record was made of the births in this county or State, but 
 since that time it has been obligatory upon physicians and others 
 to report all cases under their observation. Fi'um the records in 
 the County Clerk's ofKce, the following table has been compiled, 
 showing the number of births each year, from 1867 to 1879 inclu- 
 sive, together with the number of cases of twins. 
 
 Year. 
 1867. 
 1868. 
 1869. 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 
 No. NO. 
 Births. Twins. 
 
 4!)1 
 
 6 
 
 695 
 
 5 
 
 734 
 
 3 
 
 739 
 
 5 
 
 726 
 
 6 
 
 Year. 
 1872.... 
 
 No. No. 
 Births. Twins. 
 ....678 6 
 ....889 13 
 ....680 3 
 ....725 8 
 
 Year. I 
 1876 
 
 ]^73.... 
 
 1874 ... 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1875.... 
 
 1879 
 
 No. No. 
 Births. Twins. 
 659 6 
 
 645 9 
 
 593 3 
 
 627 6 
 
 Total 8,851 
 
 73 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 589 
 
 There was also one case of triplets reported from Ann Arbor in 
 
 18T8. 
 
 OVER THE EIVER. 
 
 Death, the grim monster, is ever at his work. Day by day his 
 calls are made upon the human race, and every moment of time 
 one or more lay down life's burden and pass, over to the other side. 
 No stage of life is exempt. The infant upon its mother's knee, 
 the youth and maiden full of life's vigor, those in their prime, old 
 age with palsied limbs and withered features, each are summoned 
 in turn, and all must obey. No appeal can be taken from the stern 
 command of snch a monster. Some who are called are ready to go, 
 and calmly await the summons, and with a smile upon their feat- 
 ures, step into the dark waters and so are taken "over the river." 
 Others dread the call; life with them is full of brightness. Some 
 have sinned away their day of grace and with a bitter cry say, " The 
 summer is ended, the harvest is past, and my soul is not saved." 
 But the inexorable demands of death must be met, and happy are 
 those who can say with the Apostle Paul, " I have fought the good 
 fight; I have kept the faith, and henceforth there is laid up for me 
 a crown of righteousness which the Lord, the righteous judge, 
 shall give me in that day." 
 
 The following table shows the number of deaths from 1867 to 
 1879, a period of thirteen years: 
 
 Tear. 
 1867. 
 1868. 
 
 No. 
 Deaths. 
 
 165 
 
 241 
 
 212 
 
 272 
 
 Year. 
 1871.... 
 1872. . . . 
 1873.... 
 1874. . . . 
 
 No. 
 Deaths. 
 
 260 
 
 369 
 
 364 
 
 353 
 
 Year. 
 1875. . . . 
 1876.-. . . 
 1877. . . . 
 1878 ... 
 
 No. 
 Deaths. 
 .... 366 
 
 301 
 
 366 
 
 335 
 
 Year. 
 1879 
 
 No. 
 Deaths. 
 365 
 
 1869 
 
 
 1870 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total' 
 
 
 
 
 .... 3,969 
 
 During the same time, of the foregoing number 690 were above 
 the age of 70, as follows : 
 
 Prom 70 to 75. .267 I From 80 to 85. .128 
 Prom 75 to 80. .206 Prom 85 to 90. . 54 
 
 Prom 90 to 95.. 
 From 95 to 100. 
 
 Above the age 
 of 100 3 
 
 Total 690 
 
 yThe State of Michigan is well known to be one of the healthiest 
 States in the Union. A comparison of the census reports of the 
 diflPerent States will verify this fact. As illustrating the longevity of 
 citizens of this county, and as historical reference to the parties 
 mentioned, the following compilation is made from the death 
 record in the office of the County Clerk, covering a period of 14 
 years. Only those reaching four score years are here given: 
 
 Nancy Bishop, bom in America; died in Ann Arbor, July 12, 1868, aged 82. 
 Jacob Miller, bom in Switzerland; died in Ann Arbor city, May 1, 1867, aged 81. 
 David Hardy, bom in Xew Hampshire; died in Ypsilanti city, Sept. 17, 1867, 
 aged 81. 
 
590 HISTOBT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 John Phllipa, born in Ireland; died in Ypsilanti city Dec. 21, 1867, aged 82. 
 Ellen Parsons, born in New York; died in Sharon June 27. 1867, aged 80. 
 Robert M. Stitt, born in Labrador; died in Augusta Jan. 19, 1868, aged 80. 
 George Stedman, died in Lima Sept. 23, lf:67, aged 80. 
 M.iry Saulsbury, born in Canada; died in York Oct. 10, 1868, aged 80. 
 Mary J. Leary, born in Germany; died in Bridgewater Dec. 21, 1868, aged 81. 
 Mary Sherwood, born in Ireland; died in Superior Oct. 21, 1868, aged 86. 
 Samuel Leavenworth, born in Ann Arbor; died in Ann Arbor city Dec. 12, 1868, 
 aged 85. 
 Stephen Hadley, born in New Jersey; died in Lyndon Dec. 13, 1868, aged 84. 
 Patrick Hagerty, born in Ireland; died in Lyndon May 7, 1868, aged 87. 
 Rebecca Tracy, born in Connecticut; died in Ann Arbor city Dec. 2i, 1868, aged 87. 
 Delana Lawrence, born in New York; died in Augusta Aug. 4, 1869, aged 83. 
 Alpheus Nichols, born in Vermont; died in Lyndon July 17, 1869, aged 85. 
 Betsey Sanders, born in New Hampshire; died inPittsfleld May 4, 1869, aged 81. 
 Lyda Eaton, born in New York; died in Sharon Nov. 13, 1869, aged 87. 
 Nancy Osborn,born in Saline; died in Saline 1869, aged 84. 
 John Watting, born in England; died in Ypsilanti April 14, 1869, aged 80. 
 William Pattison, born in New York; diedin Ypsilanti city June 1, 1869, aged 84. 
 
 Daniel McAfEerty, born in Ireland; died in Ypsilanti city March 15, 1869, aged 90. 
 John Lake, born in New York; died in Ypsilanti city Dec. 4, 1869, aged 80. 
 
 William H. Munson, born in Connecticut; died in Ann Arbor May 12, 1870, 
 aged 81. 
 
 Catharine Laffrey, born on the Atlantic Ocean; died in Ann Arbor Sept. 8, 1870, 
 aged 93. 
 
 Hannah Bedell, born in New York; died in Ann Arbor April 3, 1870, aged 82. 
 
 Elijah Cooper, born in Long Island; died in Lima Feb 1, 1870, aged 85. 
 
 George Peacock, born in England; died in Lima July 25, 1870. aged 90. 
 
 Louis Norris. born in Connecticut; died in Detroit, Mich , July 21, 1870, aged 90. 
 
 Caleb Boss, bom in Rhode Island; died in Pittsfield June 13, 1870, aged 83. 
 
 Jacob Lenyor, born in Germany; died in the county house Aug. 9, 1870, aged 88. 
 
 Hugh McCan, born in Ireland; "died in the county-house March 20, 1870, aged 80. 
 
 Patience Newton, born in Vermont; died in Scio May 11, 1870, aged 82. 
 
 William Roberts, born in Maine; died in Ypsilanti Aug. 15, 1870, aged 83. 
 
 Elizabeth Davis, born in New Hampshire; died in Ypsilanti Sept. 19, 1870, aged 88. 
 
 William Schovay, born in New Jersey; died in Ypsilanti Feb. 15, 1870, aged 101. 
 
 Reuben D. Roy, born in Vermont; died in York Oct, 9, 1870, aged 84. 
 
 Linas Kelsey, born in Connecticut; died in York Jan. 30, 1870, aged 84. 
 
 Elijah Lathrop, born in New Hampshire; died in Ann Arbor Aug. 23, 1871, 
 aged 95 . 
 
 Arminda Pomeroy, born in Connecticut; died in Bridgewater March 15, 1871, 
 aged 83 
 
 Moses M. Crane, born in New Jersey; died in Dexter March 37, 1871, aged 80. 
 
 Sarah Cochrane, born in Scotland; died in Manchester May 24, 1871, aged 82. 
 
 Hannah Seymour, born in Massachusetts; died in Scio May 17, 187), aged 84. 
 
 Regina Mathammel, born in Germany; died in Scio June 16, 1871, aged 80. 
 
 Sally Daniels, born in Connecticut; died in Scio Feb. 7, 1871, aged 83. 
 
 Calvin CoUer, born in Massachusetts; died in Ypsilanti Mar. 14, 1871, aged 83. 
 
 Lucinda Basom, born in New York> died in Ypsilanti Nov 16, 1871, aged 84. 
 
 Abigail Mason, born in New York ; died in Ypsilanti June 20, 1871, aged 94. 
 
 Jacob Sangree, born in Pennsylvania ; died in Yoik June 13, 1871, aged 81. 
 
 Conrad House, born in New York; died in Ann Arbor city June 36, 1873, aged 83. 
 
 Elizabeth Crittenden, born in Massachusetts; died in Pittsfield May 22, 1872, 
 aged 89. 
 
 William Andurm, born in Ireland ; died in Pittsfield Aug. 8, 1872, aged 83. 
 
 Peleg Johnson, born in New York; died in Dexter Jan. 8, 1872, aged 86. 
 
 Abigail Hamilton, born in Massachusetts ; died in Salem iMarch30, 1872, aged 80. 
 
 John Bend, born in Virginia ; died in Ypsilanti city Feb. 35, 1872, aged 94. 
 
 Lemuel S. Scott, born in Massachusetts ; died in Lima Jan. 21, 1872, aged 82. 
 
 John Ingleson, born in New York ; died in York Jan. 19, 1873, aged 93. 
 
 James Lindon, born in Ireland; died in Bridgewater Aug. 18, 1873, aged 83. 
 
 Hannah Benham, born in New York : died in Bridgewater June 17, 1872, aged 87. 
 
 Bridget Hay, born in Ireland ; died in Manchester Nov. 25, 1872, aged 85. 
 
 Caleb Samson, born in Ma.=isachusett8 ; died in Ypsilanti city Dec. 10, 1862, 
 aged 81. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 591 
 
 f arah McNulty, bom in Ireland ; died in Ypsilanti city July 10, 1873, aged 84. 
 
 David Hayt, born in Connecticut; died in Ann Arbor Aug. 1, 1873, aged 87. 
 
 Calvin Griswold, born in Connecticut; died in Pittsfield Feb. 13, 1873, aged 80. 
 
 Hannah Peterson, born in New York ; died in Pittsfield Oct. 21, 1873, aged 87. 
 
 Jane Brown, born in New Hampshire; died in Saline March 11, 1873, aged 93. 
 
 Horace Holcorab, born in Massachusetts; died in Saline April 8, 1873, aged 83. 
 
 Lawrence O'Toole, born in Ireland ; died in Ann Arbor Dec. 37, 1873, aged 83. 
 
 Michael Gaerdner, born in Germany ; died in Ann Arbor April 4, 1873, aged 80. 
 
 Clarissa Austin, born in Vermont ; died in Ann Arbor Dec. 3, 1873, aged 83. 
 
 Herrick Reed, born in New Jersey; died in Ypsilanti March 28, 1873, aged 83. 
 
 John S. Worden, born in Connecticut ; died in Ypsilanti Oct. 10, 1873, aged 83. 
 
 William Ferrier, born in New York ; died in Ypsilanti April 13, 1873, aged 86. 
 
 Uriah Hungerford, born in Vermont ; died in Ypsilanti Aug. 18, 1873, aged 88. 
 
 Brulette Trainer, born in Ireland ; died in Northfield July 1, 1873, aged 80. 
 
 Edward Watrous, born in New York ; died in Ypsilanti Aug. 9, 1873, aged 80 
 
 Margaret Kline, born in Waterloo ; died in Sharon June 13, 1873, aged 80. 
 
 Betsey Slates, born in Connecticut ; died in Sharon Aug. 34, 1873, aged 80. 
 
 Cordelia Halsey, born in New York ; died in Salem June 13, 1873, aged 86. 
 
 Rhoda Field, born in New York ; died in Manchester April 37, 1873, aged 83. 
 
 Jonathan Waters, born in Massachusetts; died in Lodi Dec. 14, 1873, aged 87. 
 
 Sally Helsey, born in New Hampshire; died in York Oct. 7, 1863, aged 83. 
 
 Mary Calhoun, born in New York; died in York Feb. 7, 1873, aged^7. 
 
 Henry Mapes, born in New York; died in York Aug. 12, 1873, aged 80. 
 
 Charlotte Inman, bom in New Jersey ; died in York Nov. 33, 1878, aged 81. 
 
 Frederick Basom, born in Pennsylvania ; died in York March 31, 1873, aged 80. 
 
 Achsah Goodrich,born in Massachusetts ; died in Ann Arbor Sept. 20, 1874, aged 83. 
 
 Benjamin WoodrufE, born in New Jersey ; died in Ann Arbor Feb. 16,1874,aged 90. 
 
 Mary Stevens, born in Connecticut ; died in Dexter Jan. 1 8, 1874, aged 84. 
 
 Avis Brundage, born in Connecticut ; died in Northfield June 30, 1874, aged 88. 
 
 Millicent Jacobs, born in New York ; died in Northfield Dec. 13. 1874, aged 98. 
 
 Lodema Riggs, born in New York; died in Sylvan Dec. 15, 1874, aged 84. 
 
 WiUiam Cooper, born in New York; died in Lima June 17, 1874, aged 93. 
 
 Rosanna Waldron, born in New Hampshire; died in Pittsfield April 23, 1874, 
 aged 91. 
 
 Henry Wilsey, born in New York ; died in Pittsfield June 10, 1874, aged 90. 
 
 Hannah Jackson, born in Vermont ; died in county-house Jan. 34, 1874, aged 83. 
 
 Timothy IngersoU, born in New York; died in county-house June 17, 1874, 
 aged 80. 
 
 Rason Collins, born in Virginia; died in Manchester May 31, 1874, aged 80. 
 
 Mrs. J. Gallup, born in New Jersey ; died in Manchester Jan. 24, 1874, aged 8 
 
 Mary M. Baur, bom in Germany ; died in Bridgewater March 19, 1874, aged 93. 
 
 Rebecca Carr, born in New York ; died in Sharon April 12, 1874, aged 82. 
 
 Ira Cushman, bom in New York ; died in Sharon July 33, 1874, aged 83. 
 
 Joseph Lammeon, born in New York; died in Saline April 31, 1874, aged 84. 
 
 Hannah Bavis, bom in New York; died in Saline Aug. 12, 1874, aged 94. 
 
 Eliza Van Fassen, born in Connecticut; died in Ypsilanti Nov. 2, 1874, aged 83. 
 
 Abel A. Pasco, born in New York; died in Augusta Sept. 7, 1874, aged 80. 
 
 Mary Gregory, born in New York; died in Ann Arbor city Mar. 1,1875, aged 80. 
 
 E. West, born in Vermont; died in Ann Arbor city Jan. 29, 1875, aged 84. 
 
 Frederick Haniski, born in Germany; died in Ann Arbor May 15 1875, aged 81. 
 
 John Johnson, born in Maryland; died in Ann Arbor city Dec. 36, 1875, aged 94. 
 
 Elizabeth Halalen, born in Pennsylvania ; died in Ann Arbor Dec. 28, 1875,aged 83. 
 
 Dennis Mahan, born in Ireland; died in Superior Aug. 39, 1875, aged 83. 
 
 Robert Powell, born in Massachusetts ; died in Bridgewater Jan. 15, 1875, aged 84. 
 
 Orson Leland, bom in New York ; died in Northfield Sept. 2, 1875, aged 83. 
 
 Samuel Botsford, born in Connecticut; died in Northfield Sept. 13, 1875 aged 86. 
 
 Lucy F. Sears, born in Massachusetts ; died in Northfield Jan. 23, 1875, aged 85. 
 
 Henry Row, born in Connecticut ; died in Sharon Aug. 9, 1875, aged 80. 
 
 Jacob Paul, born in Germany ; died in Scio Dec. 16, 1875,, aged 88. 
 
 Frederick Kuhnle, born in Germany; died in Scio Feb. 36, 1875, aged 89. 
 
 John Marst, born in Pennsylvania; died in Pittsfield Jan, 31, 1875, aged 83. 
 
 Nathan Knapp, bom in New York; died in Pittsfield May 25, 1875, aged 88 
 
 Barbara Hunt, born in New York ; died in Lodi Oct. 33, 1875, aged 91. 
 
592 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Anna Aeldheid Landwehr, bom in Prussia; died in Freedom, Aug. 13, 1875, 
 
 Nathan Follett, born in Massachusetts ; died in Tpsilanti Oct. 14, 1875, aeed 83. 
 
 Frazier Harris, born in New Yorli; died in Ann Arbor July 31, 1876, aged 85. 
 
 Daniel Crippen, born in New Yorli; died in Superior March 1, 1876, aged 81. 
 
 Sophia Peck, born in Connecticut ; died in Superior Sept. 80, 1876, aged 84. 
 
 Abby O'Rourke, bom in Ireland; died in Ann Arbor city Feb. 8, 1876, aged 99. 
 
 Joseph Esterbrook, bom in New Hampshire; died in Ypsilanti March 10, 1876, 
 aged 84. 
 
 William Dillon, born in New Jersey; died in York Sept. 4, 1876, aged 84. 
 
 Polly Beach, born in New York; died in Lima Jan. 29. 1876, aged 85. 
 
 John FuUingtoD, bom in Ireland; died in Augusta May 1, 1876, aged 85. 
 
 Benjaman R. Walworth, born in New York; died in Manchester Dec. 29, 187(1, 
 aged 82. 
 
 Henry Depew, born in New York; died in Sylvan May 23, 1875, aged 81. 
 
 Catherine Stuck, born in Pennsylvania; died in Pittsfield Sept. 21, 1876, aged 80. 
 
 Annie Cresson, born in New York ; died in county-house April 17, 1876, aged 88. 
 
 Mary Carney, born in Germany; died in county-house Dec 24, 1876, aged 80. 
 
 Ellen Coyle, bom in Ireland; died in Webster Dec. 3, 1876, aged 85. 
 
 Adna Shaw, bom in Vermont; died in Saline, March 21, 1876, aged 80. 
 - Orange Risdon, born in Vermont ; died in Saline Nov 26, 1876, aged 89. 
 
 Zerah Jenkins, bom in New York; died in Bridgewater Jan. 15, 1876, aged 80. 
 
 Horace Kellogg, bom in New York ; died in Ann Arbor Aug. 8, 1877, aged 87. 
 
 Rosa Donahue, bom in Ireland ; died in Ann Arbor July 18, 1877, aged 80. 
 
 Frank Dougherty, bom in Ireland; died in Ann Arbor March 10, 1877, aged 84. 
 
 Elizabeth Johnson, bom in New Jersey; died in Lodi June 18, 1877, aged 86. 
 
 Anna Bradly, born in Ireland; died in Ann Arbor Jan. 24, 1877, aged 82. 
 
 Melune Lane, born in New York; died in Ann Arbor city June 24, 1877, aged 83. 
 
 Maurice Dwyer, born in Ireland; died in Dexter Sept. 19, 1877, aged 88. 
 
 Jane Leonard, bom in Ireland; died in Ypsilanti city, Dec. 2, 1877, aged 82. 
 
 Elisha Eldridgen, bom in Massachusetts ; died in Ann Arbor city Sept. 8, 1877, 
 
 Harvey French, born in Massachusetts; died in York Aug. 15, 1877, aged 88. 
 Isaac Dermill, born in New York; died in York April 15, 1877, aged 86. 
 Jordan Ochery, born in Canada ; died in Saline Feb. 9, 1877, aged 86. 
 Eliza Grady, born in New York; died in Saline Dec. 9, 1877, aged 83. 
 Alton Andrews, born in Connecticut ; died in Ypsilanti city March 30, 1877, 
 aged 86. 
 
 Hannah Ferrier, born in New York ; died in Ypsilanti city Jan: 29, 1877, aged 89. 
 Henry Pomeroy, born in Massachusetts; died in Salem Aug. 31, 1877, aged 91. 
 Phebe Valentine, bom in New York; died in Webster Sept. 1, 1877, aged 86. 
 Nancy Conlin, born in Ireland; died in Webster Jan. 15, 1877, aged 80. 
 Owen Conlin, born in Ireland; died in Northfield Feb. 19, 1877, aged 80. 
 Joseph Gallop, born in New York ; died in Manchester Aug. 18, 1877, aged 80. 
 Asher Taylor, bom in Pennsylvania; died in l\lanchester Oct. 12, 1877, aged 80. 
 Martin O'Connor, born in Ireland; died in Northfield June 22, 1878, aged 83. 
 Phebe Brokaw, born in New Jersey ; died in Northfield June 7, 1878, aged 90. 
 Dennis Ryan, born in Ireland; died in Northfield March 30, 1878, aged 88. 
 Mark Burhance, born in New York; died in Northfield Dec. 30, 1878, aged 85. 
 Elizabeth Horrigan, born in Ireland; died in Webster May 18, 1878, aged 80. 
 Sylvester D. Noble, bom in New York; died in Ann Arbor Jan. 28, '78. aged 84. 
 James Kingsley, born in Connecticut; died in Ann Arbor Oct. 17, 1878, aged 82. 
 Lewis Barr, born in Massachusetts; died in Ann Arbor Sept. 14, 1878, aged 86. 
 Abigail Murray, born in New York; died in Superior Aug. 23, 1878, aged 85. 
 Daniel Smith, bom in Canada; died in Superior Mai-ch 15, L-s78, aged 80. 
 Moses T. Collin, born in New York ; died in Ann Arbor July 14, 1878, aged 83. 
 Andrew Birk, born in Germany; died in Ann Arbor city April 6, 1878, aged 90. 
 James Johnson, born in New Jersey ; died in Ypsilanti Sept. 15, 1878, aged 84. 
 Lucy Pullen, born in Massachusetts ; died in Ypsilanti Sept. 6, 1878, aged 86. 
 Eve Blum, born in Germany; died in Bridgewater June 27, 1878, aged 87. 
 Ehphalet Lewis, bom in New York ; died in Salem May 12, 1878, aged 84. 
 Luther Graham, born in Connecticut; died in Salem April 11, 1878, a^ed 80. 
 Joseph Wykuff, bom in New York ; died in Salem Sept. 7, 1878, aged 85 . 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 593 
 
 Henry Bowers, bom in New York ; died in Salem April 16, 1878, aged 80. 
 
 Henry Sheffield, born in New York; died in Salem June 30, 1878, aged 80. 
 
 Phebe Smith, born in New York; died in Saline April 27, 1878, aged 81. 
 
 Polly Waugh, bom in Vermont; died in York May 30, 1878, aged 81. 
 
 William McMichael, born in Pennsylvania : died in York May 31, 1878, a^ged 81. 
 
 Gertrude Robison, bom in New York; died in Sharon June 3, 1878, aged 81. 
 
 Henry C. Whaley, born in Connecticut; died in Sylvan April 15, 1878, aged 80. 
 
 John Howland, born in Massachusetts ; died in Ypsilanti Nov. 33, 1879, aged 81. 
 
 Charlie Warner, born in Connecticut; died in Dexter Sept. 2, 1879, aged 86. 
 
 Joseph Arnold, born in New York ; died in Dexter Dec. 13, 1879, aged 83. 
 
 David Montinie, born in New York; died in Superior Jan. 19, 1879, aged 83. 
 
 Calvin Knickerbocker, born in New York ; died in Ann Arbor city Feb. 17, 1879, 
 aged 83. 
 
 Wm. Sanders, birthplace unknown ; died in Pittsfield March 19, 1879, aged 100. 
 
 Jane Smith, bom in Scotland ; died in Ypsilanti Jan. 10, 1879, aged 82. 
 
 Aaron Wright, born in "Virginia; died in Ypsilanti May 24, 1879, aged 80. 
 
 Jacob Larzelere, born in New Jersey; died in Ypsilanti Aug. 17, 1879, aged 90. 
 
 Patrick Kirk, born in Ireland; died in Ypsilanti city July 8, 1879, aged 83. 
 
 John Smith, born in New Hampshire; died in Ypsilanti July 31, 1879. aged 96. 
 f Sally Carpenter, born in New York ; died in Ypsilanti Feb. 33, 1879, aged 82. 
 
 Lydia Van Tassel, bom in New York ; died in Ypsilanti Aug. 17, 1879, aged 95. 
 
 Roxanna Wilhams, bom in New York; died in Ypsilanti city Aug. 31, 1879, 
 aged 80. 
 
 Patrick Trainor, bom in Ireland; died in Northfield Nov. 25, 1879, aged 89. 
 
 Ephraim Darling, bom in Massachusetts ; died in Augusta May 25, 1879, aged 88. 
 
 Ezra Seeley, birthplace un^inown; died in Augusta Sept. 8, 1879, aged 84. 
 
 Phillip Vedder, bom in New York ; died in Augusta Dec. 15, 1879, aged 91. 
 
 Almiia Van Zine, birthplace unknown; died in Manchester Jan. 9, 1879, aged 84 
 
 Regina Horning, bom in Germany ; died in Manchester Nov. 7, 1879, aged 84. 
 
 Johanna Tuorney, born in Ireland; died in Scio July 13, 1879, aged 80. 
 
 Andrew McHaney, born in Ireland ; died in Bridgewater Feb. 10, 1879, aged 80. 
 
 Ann M. Hoffnjan, born in Germany; died in Ann Arbor city April IB, 1879, 
 aged 90. 
 
 Eliza Smith, bom in England ; died in Ann Arbor city Feb. 3, 1879, aged 93. 
 
 Alvah Junman, bom in New York ; died in Ann Arbor city March 33, 1879, 
 aged 82. 
 
 Catherine Young, bom in Ireland ; died in Lyndon Oct. 37, 1879, aged 98. 
 
 Mary Yanson, bom in New York ; died in Salem Sept. 12, 1879, aged 80. 
 
 William Schoney was bom in New Jersey. He died at Ypsilanti Feb. 15, 1870, 
 aged 101. 
 
 Owen McEntee was bom in Ireland, and died in Lyndon township, of old age, 
 Dec. 80,1878. Age unknown; some relatives say 104 ; pthers 110. 
 
 Wm. Saunders, died in Pittsfield township, of old age, March 19, 1879, aged 100. 
 
 DIVORCE BECOKD. 
 
 Notwithstanding the divine injunction, " What God hath joined 
 together let no niau put asunder," the courts of the land year by 
 year are called upon to dissolve the marriage tie. Flimsy excuses 
 are invented by husbands and wives who may be tired of one 
 another's company, the courts are appealed to and the command of 
 God disobeyed. While not the province of the historiaa to corn- 
 merit upon "facts, yet there are matters of history that should be 
 laid bare that all may realize that reforms are necessary. There 
 have been since the organization of the county 9,701 couples united 
 in marriage, an average of 180 per year. In the same time there 
 have been 513 cases of divorce, showing one divorce to every eight- 
 
594 
 
 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 een couple married. The following table shows the number of 
 divorces granted' each year: 
 
 1834. 
 
 1835. 
 1836. 
 1838. 
 1839. 
 1840. 
 1841. 
 1842. 
 1843. 
 1846. 
 1847. 
 
 1848. . 
 1849.. 
 1850. . 
 1851.. 
 1852. . 
 1853 . . 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 1859 
 
 1860 
 
 1861 
 
 1862 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 ...12 
 ...13 
 ... 6 
 ...23 
 
 ...22 
 ...28 
 ...23 
 ....27 
 ...26 
 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 
 1854. . 
 1855.. 
 1856 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 
 1857. . 
 1858. . 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 ...15 
 ....36 
 
 1879 
 1880 
 
 
 (Up to November 22.) 
 
 
 
 
 CHOLERA WAR. 
 
 
 
 .20 
 .23 
 .20 
 .19 
 .20 
 .18 
 .15 
 .13 
 . 9 
 .16 
 .25 
 
 " Wars and rumors of wars" have often been rife in old Washte- 
 naw, though but few know there was once a cholera war in the 
 county. The Legislative Council, in 1831-2, passed an act which 
 was approved by acting-Gov. Mason, permitting the authorities of 
 each town or village to prohibit emigrants or travelers from enter- 
 ing their territory, and gave authority to call out the militia for 
 that purpose. 
 
 When it became known at Ypsilanti that cholera was in Detroit, 
 in 1832, the authorities called out a company of militia, under com- 
 mand of Captain Josiah Burton. The company was stationed at 
 Bowen's tavern, three miles east of Ypsilanti, on the Chicago turn- 
 pike. When the stage came along from Detroit with the mail and 
 passengers, it was stopped and a parley ensued. There being no 
 arrangement made, the driver attempted to run through, and one of 
 his horses was shot down. [t was thought he was killed, but on 
 being helped up, the driver put whip to his horses and passed on 
 without another shot. It is probable the militia thought there 
 might be danger in stopping the United States mail. In fact one 
 of the brave men — Lorenzo Davis — who was Deputy Postmaster at 
 Ypsilanti, was reported to the Department for this act. After an 
 investigation the authorities at Washington dismissed the case 
 without decapitating Mr. Davis. 
 
 Samuel Pettibone, in writing of this war, said: "At this time I 
 was living east of Bowen's tavern, on the Chicago road, and the 
 news of the fight with the stage caused many to wish to avoid Yp- 
 silanti, so I often acted as pilot to run them past the village. A 
 few days after the battle, along came the Governor, Stevens T. Ma- 
 son, on his way to Mottville. He wanted to run the guard and 
 shun Ypsilanti. We went across the north part of the plain, crossed 
 the Huron at the upper bridge, and came into the Chicago road 
 west of the village. It was four miles to the first tavern west, and 
 only half a mile back into the village, and by going around we had 
 not passed a tavern after leaving Sheldon's. The pressure was too 
 
HiSTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 595 
 
 great — he mxist go back to the village. He was arrested by Elipha- 
 let Turner, who brought him to the sheriff, Dr. Withington, and 
 after a short but stormy discussion, the Governor was allowed to 
 depart, and he instantly started for Mottville. The first official 
 act the Governor was known to do was to take away the Doctor'^ 
 commission as sheriff, and appoint in his stead William Anderson, 
 of Ann Arbor." 
 
 WASHTENAW COUNTY CENSUS. 
 
 Ann Arbor City. 
 First Ward) 
 Second Wrd) 
 Third Ward) 
 FourthWardI 
 Fifth Ward) 
 Sixth Ward) 
 
 Ann Arbor Town 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Bridgewater .... 
 
 Dexter 
 
 Freedom 
 
 Lima 
 
 Lodi 
 
 Lyndon 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Northfield 
 
 Pittsfield 
 
 Salem 
 
 Saline 
 
 Scio 
 
 Sharon 
 
 Superior 
 
 Sylvan 
 
 Webster 
 
 York 
 
 Ypsilanti 
 
 Tpsilanti City. . . 
 First Ward) 
 Second Wrd f- 
 Third Ward.) 
 FourthWard) 
 Fifth Ward > 
 
 1880. 1874. 1870. 1864. 1860. 1854. 1850. 1845. 1840. 1837. 
 
 8,108 
 1,931 
 1,340 
 1,337 
 1,538 
 
 738 
 1,324 
 1,400 
 1,630; 
 1,255' 
 
 868' 
 1,371 
 1,023 
 1,376 
 
 735 
 3,394 
 1,273 
 1,335 
 1,193 
 1,904 
 3,291 
 1,161 
 1,253 
 3,266 
 
 967 
 1,733 
 1,459 
 4,987 
 
 3,030 
 
 1,967 
 
 6,701 
 3,890 
 
 2,451 
 
 1,860 
 
 1,396 
 1,383 
 1,074 
 
 856 
 1,130 
 
 991 
 1,332 
 
 830 
 2,509 
 1,189 
 1,157 
 1,175 
 1,806 
 3,063 
 1,036 
 1,161 
 1,884 
 
 911 
 1,485 
 1,439 
 5,211 
 
 3,168 
 2,043 
 
 7,363 
 1,793 
 1,208 
 1,151 
 1,501 
 
 742 
 
 968 
 1,383 
 1,470 
 1,379 
 
 889 
 1,261 
 1,053 
 1,344 
 
 833 
 2,516 
 1,300 
 1,121 
 1,216 
 1,955 
 3,495 
 1,087 
 1,368 
 1,931 
 
 974 
 1,575 
 1,565 
 5,471 
 1,040 
 
 908 
 1,333 
 
 888 
 1,312 
 
 5,731 
 
 1,311 
 
 1,215 
 
 1,135 
 
 855 
 
 1,358 
 
 1,012 
 
 1,083 
 
 735 
 
 1,590 
 
 979 
 
 930 
 
 1,313 
 
 1,561 
 
 1,905 
 
 977 
 
 1,313 
 
 1,623 
 
 856 
 
 1,233 
 
 1,359 
 
 4,189 
 
 701 
 
 736 
 
 922 
 
 757 
 
 1,073 
 
 4,447 
 1,353 
 1,134 
 871 
 1,090 
 
 2,055 
 
 1,139 
 
 1,291 
 
 857 
 
 1,336 
 
 993 
 
 1,319 
 
 833 
 
 1,713 
 
 1,373 
 
 1,331 
 
 1,360 
 
 1,967 
 
 1,830 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,346 
 
 1,587 
 
 1,106 
 
 1,573 
 
 1,357 
 
 3,956 
 
 594 
 
 675 
 
 885 
 
 713 
 
 1,090 
 
 4,799 
 
 891 
 1,133 
 
 877 
 1,191 
 
 982 
 1,199 
 
 735 
 1,468 
 1,248 
 1,312 
 1,355 
 1,498 
 1,780 
 
 936 
 1,103 
 1,107 
 
 975 
 1,273 
 3,468 
 
 41,869 38,598 41,434 34,050 35,757128,844 38,569|36,979 23,571 31,817 
 
 4,870 
 
 808 
 1,148 
 
 760 
 1,214 
 
 913 
 1,334 
 
 iiOl 
 1,374 
 1,116 
 1,333 
 1,343 
 1,631 
 1,783 
 
 869 
 1,137 
 
 934 
 1,011 
 1,360 
 3,053 
 
 4,143 
 
 695 
 1,075 
 
 775 
 1,323 
 
 960 
 1,154 
 
 763 
 1,379 
 1,070 
 1,197 
 1,424 
 1,636 
 1,737 
 
 800 
 1,367 
 
 865 
 
 950 
 1,313 
 3,651 
 
 11,991 
 
 646 
 
 956 
 
 i,077 
 
 1,152 
 1,390 
 1,364 
 
 1,398 
 
 1,114 
 3,419 
 
 3,944 
 
 559 
 
 923 
 
 596 
 
 795 
 
 895 
 
 1,063 
 
 361 
 
 805 
 
 793 
 
 1,208 
 
 1,354 
 
 1,130 
 
 1,443 
 
 783 
 
 1,378 
 
 480 
 
 833 
 
 1,197 
 
 2,380 
 
 In 1830 the county had a population of 4,042; in 1834 it had 
 14,924. 
 
 A EETBOSPKGT. 
 
 One hundred years ago the Revolutionary war was in progress. 
 A small colony of fearless men were battling for their rights with 
 one of the most powerful nations of the eartli. Thirteen States, 
 extending back from the sea-coast but a short distance, with but 
 three millions in all of men, women and children, wliite and col- 
 
596 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ored, completing the whole. The Great West was unknown. True, 
 a few adventurous spirits had pushed their way through this unin- 
 habitable waste, and in the name of the King of France, proclaimed 
 it part of that realm; but, in their wildest imagination, itis doubt- 
 ful if they ever conceived the idea that in less than a century of 
 time it would be inhabited by a thrifty, enterprising race, and be 
 tlie most productive region of the world. 
 
 Three-fourths of a century ago the territory of Michigan was 
 organized, while containing less than four thousand whites, nearly 
 all of whom were of French descent, and the greater part living in 
 the then village of Detroit. Fourteen years after, the Indian title 
 to a portion of the lands was extinguished, and they were first 
 thrown open for settlement. Three years more passed away, when, 
 in 1822, the territory comprising the county of Washtenaw was 
 placed upon the market, and the boundaries of a new county de- 
 fined. Eleven years previous, three adventurous Frenchmen estab- 
 lished a trading post on the site of the present city of Ypsilanti, 
 but soon after abandoned it. In 1823 the first permanent settle- 
 ment by whites was made, and from this time dated the onward 
 march of Washtenaw county. 
 
 Fifty-eight years — from 1823 to 1881 — with its joys and sor- 
 rows, its trials and disappointments, have passed into history. The 
 old and middle-aged of the first years of the history of this county 
 have passed away. They fought a good fight in reclaiming waste 
 places; they finished their course, and now rest from their labors, 
 while "their works do follow them." The young of that day are 
 now aged men and women, who have lived to see the wilderness 
 " blossom as the rose," and now calmly await the summons to 
 " come up higher." 
 
 Fifty-eight years ago the waters of the various rivers and creeks 
 of Washtenaw county were unobstructed as they passed on to the 
 lakes and from thence to the seas. The axe of the woodman was 
 not then heard in its forests; its prairies were unbroken by the 
 plow, and all nature was in its most pleasant mood. 
 
 Fifty-eight years ago less than half a dozen families inhabited 
 the county. They were separated from friends, with no convenient 
 means of communication. The railroad, the telegraph, the tele- 
 phone and the phonograph were unknown. Mail communications 
 were not established, and the nearest postofEce was Detroit, thirty 
 miles away, with only an Indian trail and the Huron river leading 
 in its direction. 
 
 Fifty-seven years ago there was not a mill in all Washtenaw 
 coTinty, all supplies of flour and meal being brought by way of the 
 Huron river on flat boats- to a point within a few miles of thepres- 
 ent city of Ypsilanti. At that time there was not a church or a 
 school-house in the county and the school- master was unknown. 
 
 Fifty-six years ago the first scliool-house was built, and a step 
 taken in educational progress. 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 597 
 
 Fifty-four years ago the county was duly organized by an act of 
 the Legislative Council, and a proclamation of Gov, Cass. At that 
 time there were less than 3,000 souls within its borders. 
 
 Fifty-two years ago the first number of the first paper printed in 
 Washtenaw made its appearance, and the great lever was then in- 
 troduced which tends to move the world, and which has exerted an 
 influence upon the minds of the citizens of the county which will 
 never be known and can never be realized. 
 
 Fifty-one years ago the population of the county had increased 
 to 4,042, wiiich in four years more, or 47 years ago, had been in- 
 creased to 14,924, and still farther increased in 1840 to 23,571. An 
 increase was reported every decade, being 28,569 in 1850; in 1860 
 it was 35,757; in 1870 it was 41,434; and in 1880 it was 41,869. 
 
 Forty-nine years ago the fears of the inhabitants of the county 
 were aroused and the militia called out to defend their homes and 
 firesides from the dreaded Black Hawk, who was three hundred 
 miles away. 
 
 Forty-eight years ago the first house of worship was erected in 
 Washtenaw county, its inhabitants previously worshiping in school- 
 houses and by the firesides of the pioneers. 
 
 Forty-seven years ago the first court-house in Washtenaw county 
 was erected, and every citizen was proud of the fact that Justice 
 would have a permanent abode worthy of the fame and good name 
 of Washtenaw. 
 
 Forty-six years ago " war's dread alarm " was sounded, and the 
 brave men of Washtenaw hastened to drive back the ruthless in- 
 vader who was trying to rob Michigan of some of its fair territory. 
 The Toledo war has its place in history. 
 
 Forty-five years ago the excitement ran high in Washtenaw with 
 reference to the rights of a State to retain its territory against the 
 dictation of the General Government. 
 
 Forty-three years ago the first railroad was built through the 
 county, and it was then placed in close connection, by means of the 
 iron horse, with the rest of the world. 
 
 Twenty years ago the news was flashed over the wires that the 
 rebels had made an attack upon and compelled the surrender of 
 Fort Sumter. Immediately a call was issued by the President for 
 75,000 men, and supplemented in a few days afterwards for 300,000 
 more. The brave sons of Washtenaw, ever ready to respond to 
 their country's call, rnshed to the front, and upon the fierce battle- 
 fields of the South many of them poured out their life's blood. 
 
 Washtenaw county in the past has always taken an advanced po- 
 sition. Never has it taken a backward step. Whether in the cause 
 of religion, temperance, or education, it has alwa3's stood in the 
 front. In educational progress, no county can compare with it. 
 Its Universit}', its Normal, its graded and its public schools, are all 
 of the best. As it has been in the past, so, doubtless, it will be 
 in the future. 
 
598 HIBTOBT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 WASHTENAW COUMTY OF TO-DAT. 
 
 As it is impossible for the pen of the historian to do justice to the 
 past, even so will he fail to properly present the Washtenaw of to- 
 day. No county in tlie State can show a better record. In its 
 churches, its schools, its manufacturing interests, its pnblic and 
 private buildings, in fact everything that goes to show a progressive 
 people, it has taken a leading position. It has to-day two incorpo- 
 rated cities, four incorporated villages, and four unincorporated 
 villages. It has a population of 42,000 thrifty and enterprising 
 people. The great power of the Huron and tributary streams have 
 been utilized, and scoresof manufacturing institutions flourish upon 
 their banks. 
 
 In the early day citizens of Washtenaw county met for worship 
 in school-houses, barns, or private dwelling houses, anywhere they 
 were permitted, and glad were they of the opportunity; to-day 
 churches are upon every hand, from the plain, unpretending frame, 
 where a few zealous men and women gather together " in the name 
 of Jesus," to the imposing brick or stone, with bells pealing forth 
 a joyful welcome to one and all to come and " drink of the waters 
 of life." 
 
 The old log school-house has long since been displaced, and to- 
 day are found, especially in the larger villages and cities, school 
 buildings of handsome architectural appearance, costing many 
 thousands of dollars each, and equipped with every appliance that 
 can promote the cause of education. The comfort ot pupils has 
 been secured by the introduction of suitable seats and desks. Maps, 
 globes, philosophical apparatus, music, libraries, commodious play- 
 grounds, well ventilated apartments, beautiful plants and flowers, 
 are all used as accessories, and the result is a humanizing influence. 
 A large revenue derived from taxation is annually raised suflicient 
 to maintain a scholarly corps of teachers. In addition to the public 
 schools there are in the county two institutions of learning that 
 have a world-wide fame, the University of Michigan, located at Ann 
 Arbor, and the 8tate Normal School, at Ypsilanti. Under the 
 most patient, persistent efforts they have been made what they are, 
 a credit to the county and State, and to the general cause of edu- 
 cation. 
 
 Washtenaw county boasts of another civilizing influence in her 
 newspapers, 14 weekly and one daily, all of which are well and ably 
 edited. 
 
 In manufactures, though not so large as some others, yet a verj' 
 respectable showing is made. The paper-mills and flouring-mills 
 do a large and flourishing business. 
 
 In agriculture and horticulture, Washtenaw county stands in the 
 front of all the counties in Michigan. Little vacant land is to be 
 found in any part of the county; many acres, which a few years ago 
 were thought to be worthless on account of swamps, are to-day the 
 most productive farms in the State. 
 
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 
 
 SALEM TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The history of Salem is happily without any of those terribly 
 sensational characteristics which at the period of their occurrence 
 startle a community, and the history of which would now cause a 
 blush of shame to mantle the face of a citizen of the township 
 wherein such deeds were committed. Salem does not offer one such 
 event to history. Its record is one of pure and simple progress, 
 unmarked by crime or whisky. In the compilation of this his- 
 torical sketch the members of the township pioneer committee 
 have given a singularly able co-operation, — a co-operation expected 
 only from men who take a pride in carrying out promises whether 
 made or implied. The biographical section of this history, though 
 beyond the control of the committee or of the writer of thissketch, 
 has been well prepared, and in its compilation the men of the town- 
 ship made light the labors of the biographer. 
 
 EARLY SETILEMKNT OF SALEM. 
 
 The first American settlers of Salem were John Dickenson, 
 Joseph Dickenson and Mrs. Amy Dickenson, all natives of New 
 York, who left Seneca county in 1826, and located lands on sections 
 13 and 14, in the fall of that year. About the same period 
 Elkanah Pratt, better known as Dr. Pratt, met John Dickenson in 
 the forest and claimed liim as a neighbor, so that for a long period 
 the question, Who is the first bona-fide settler? was discussed. 
 Now, however, it is conceded that the honor belongs to the Dicken- 
 Bons, as they preceded Dr. Pratt by a few days. In 1827 Dickenson 
 built the first log barn ever erected in the township, and three 
 years later (1830) constructed the first frame barn. Edmund Pratt, 
 son of the Doctor, came in 1826, and erected the first log dwelling- 
 house. Jesse Peters and Mrs. Peters arrived in the township with 
 Mr. Pratt. Koyal Wheelock came as early as the year 1825; Aaron 
 Blood in October, 1825 ; he settled in Salem in 1826 ; Joseph Lapham, 
 inl828; Jacob Bullock, in April, 1827; Constant Woodworth, in 
 ]826; Daniel S.Burch, in 1827; P.O. Murray, in 1828; Luther Gray- 
 han, in 1829; Orson Packard, in 1828; George Renwick, in 1827; 
 John Renwick, in 1825; Joseph Stevens, in 1826; Samuel, John and 
 Robert McCormick, three brothers, in 1827; Ashley Root, in 1830; 
 
 (599) 
 
600 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Capt. Ira Eider, in 1830; Capt. Kobert Purdy, in 1831; bnt dwelt 
 on that portion ot'liis farm in Lyon, a township of Oakland county, 
 ultimately moving; into Salem in 1835; John Belgrave and Benja- 
 min Pryor, in 1831; Alexis Packard, in September, 1831; Henry 
 Bowers and John Freeman, in 1830; George King, in 1831, and 
 Eev. Eben Carpenter, the same year; Lyman Gorban located on 
 section 24 in 1828; Daniel, Kufiis and Elijah Herrick settled here 
 in 1832; John Ceeley and Troiles Bennett, in September, 1831; 
 Eliphalet Lewis, in the fall of 1831; Charles Lewis, in 1828; 
 Thomas Bnssey, in 1828; James Murray, in 1828; in 1831 Seth 
 Thompson, Reuben Peebles, David Peebles and Rev. Hiram Hamil- 
 ton, settled in the township. Eliakim Walker and Peres Walker 
 located section 9, in May, 1831; two years later, in May, 1833, set- 
 tled in the township; E. O. Smith, located on section 11, where 
 the D. L. & N. depot now stands, in 1830; D. JSr. Smith in 1833; 
 Peter Lane, in 1836; T. D. Lane, in 1836; John Van Sickles and 
 Peter Larkings, in 1831. Larkings settled on section 1, immediately 
 after his coming into the townsliip. Rev. Moses Clarke, the first 
 Baptist minister, located in Salem in 1832; in 1825 he settled near 
 Geddesburg, where he resided until coming to Salem. Phineas 
 Clarke opened a blacksmith shop on e. -J-, n. w. J section 11, in 1832. 
 Henry Yanson located on section 31, in 1831; E. C. Roberts came 
 into the township in 1835; Elijah Coldren came in 1831, settling 
 on section 13, now owned by his son Peter Coldren. James and 
 Ellis Sober, in 1831. Doctors Edward Cook and Adam Spencer 
 arrived about 1835. They were the first practicing physicians 
 in Salem. 
 
 Among others who located here between the years of 1831 and 
 1835, were the following persons: Robert Shankland, Dudson 
 Webster, Harrison Savage, Geo. H. E. M. JSTalors, E. S. Warden, Ira 
 Root, John Peebles, Warren Hamilton, Andrew Rogers, John B., 
 Smith, Wm. B. Mead, Theran Wykuf, John Hart, Henry Whipple, 
 Henry Forshee, Geo. l!Telson, Anson Cary, Darwin D. Cook, Geo Mc- 
 Cormick, Orange Woodworth, John Waterman, Luke Dake, Lemuel 
 Dwelle, Anthon}' Farley, Martin Korabacher, Jonathan Kingsley, 
 Ida Ham, J. B. Van Atta, Ephraim E. Edmond, Simmons Harvey 
 Knapp, Levi Westfall, Asa Corson, Atchinson Moses, Richard Wal- 
 ter, D. Corson, Sylvester and Jerome Sober, and John Davis; 
 Stephen Haywood located lands on section 15 in 1831; Calvin 
 Wheeler located on section 11, September, 1830. Isaac Wynkup 
 came to Salem while a youth, and for many years took a very lead- 
 ing part in public affairs of tiiat section of the county. 
 
 In the list of early purchasers of the lands of Salem, mention will 
 be made of many pioneers who came at a later date. Before passing 
 from this subject it is well to add, tliat Rufus Thayer located the 
 e. 1^ of n. e. J of section 13, it being the first land entered in Salem, 
 and also a tract of land in Plymouth township. Having resided in 
 the latter, his name will be associated with its history. 
 
^ -i^V' 
 
 f • "v^^ ^ ■^^'v 
 
 ts^-'/m' 
 
 ^^^. 
 
 ^z^:-^^^, 
 
. BALEM TOWNSHIP. 603 
 
 A SERIES OF FIRST EVF:NTS. 
 
 Mrs. Peters, wife of Jesse Peters, who came into the township 
 early in 1825, was four months here before she met her sister pio- 
 neer, Mrs. Amy Dickenson. Though the latter was undoubtedly 
 here before Mrs. Peters, both of them may be termed tlie first 
 white women ever seen in the district. At this early day the red 
 men and their squaws roamed through the bush in quest of game. 
 Deer, bear, and wolves were hei"e in large numbers, yet the Indians 
 not satisfied with the rich food which such game afforded, would 
 visit the houses of those settlers at intervals, begging for bread and 
 tobacco, and often causing alarm in the homes of these Eastern 
 women, who were not accustomed to see the barbarians in their 
 wild state. 
 
 The first white child born in the township was Isaac Peters. He 
 was the son of Jesse Peters, and appeared among the pioneers early 
 in 1827. 
 
 The first death which occurred here is said to be that of William 
 Jackson; but the first marriage was that of Elisha Comstock to 
 Mary Black, in 1828. 
 
 Royal Wheelock was the first justice of the peace, having re- 
 ceived his appointment from Gov. Cass in 1829. George Ren wick 
 was the first supervisor; and Alexis Packard, first township clerk. 
 
 Captain Ira Rider was the first postmaster, having charge of the 
 office established in 1832, a little west of Lapham's Corners, and 
 one mile south of the center of the town known as Salem. This 
 was discontinued to give place to the present office of Salem. 
 
 The first saw-mill was built in 1829, on a stream forming the east 
 branch of the River Rouge. Joseph Lapham was the builder and 
 owner. 
 
 George Renwick was the first settler of Salem who was elected 
 a member of the Territorial Council, and subsequently of the State 
 Legislature. 
 
 Mr. Dickenson erected the first log barn and the first frame one. 
 Edmond Pratt bl^ilt the first log cabin. The former was the first 
 man to become an honorary money-lender, the latter was the first 
 honorary borrower. 
 
 ^ Rev. Eben Carpenter was the first preacher of the Baptist Church 
 at Salem. He settled there in 1831, and acted a part in the organ- 
 ization of a Baptist society there two years later, in 1833. 
 
 John Freeman opened a tavern in the southeast corner of the 
 township at a very early day. It soon "passed " into the "past," 
 and has never returned. It was the only industry of that kind 
 ever introduced to the people of Salem. 
 
 James Sober, now 88 years of age, was the first veteran of the war 
 of 1812 who ever settled in Salem. He was followed soon after by 
 Edward Dake, who has since passed away. 
 
 In that memorable war between Michigan and Ohio, known as 
 the "Toledo war," D. N. Smith was a veteran, and the first to enter 
 
 37 
 
604 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the ranks. Joseph Lapham was Quartermaster, Isaac Pratt 
 and Ira Hubbard were veterans of the rank and tile. Calvin 
 Wheeler, who was then Captain of militia, called out his troops, 
 but seeing no danger while Uncle Sam was present, he concluded 
 to remain at his post to await orders. 
 
 Rev. Hiram Hamilton and Mr. Olds were the first preachers to 
 the Salem Presbyterian Church, in 1833. Deacons Pratt and Ham- 
 ilton were its tirst officers. 
 
 James Murray, who settled on section 22, in ] 828, was the first 
 store-keeper in the township. He, however, removed to anotlier 
 township shortly after. 
 
 Rev. Moses Clark was the first preacher who gave services in 
 the township. As early as 1832 he preached in a log school-house 
 then standing near Bullock's Corners, also in several private ho uses. 
 He was also the first pastor of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Phineas Clark, son of Rev. M. Clark, was the first blacksmith 
 in the town, having located a shop on the E. ^ of the N". W. ^ of 
 section 11, in 1832. 
 
 E. C. Roberts is the first of the pioneers who tauglit school for any 
 great number of years in the township. Between 1836 and 1863 he 
 taught 27 terms, Mr. Lane coming next in the noble work, with 17 
 terms to his credit. 
 
 The first questioners of the power of township officers or Boards 
 to raise money by vote for aiding in the construction of railroads, 
 were citizens of Salem. They succeeded in their suit. 
 
 The first orchard was set out by Dr. Mason, who platted a nur- 
 sery on the S. E. qr. of section 28. Calvin Wheeler planted an 
 orchard in 1832, obtaining his trees from Mason's nursery, and 
 some from Dr. Vincent's nurserj', of New York State. Alexis 
 Packard set out an orchard about the same time. Early in 1832, 
 Eliakim Walker brought trees from New York and planted an or- 
 chard on section 9, where some of the old trees yet live. About 
 the same time other orchards were planted. 
 
 Eastman, Yan Sickle and Yan Houghton were the only mem- 
 bers of the Salem community who ever enjoyed the hospitalities 
 of the State's prison, or, as it was then called, "The Tamaracks." 
 Their crime was simply that of counterfeiting and horse-stealing. 
 
 The three veterans of the war of 1812, now residing in Salem 
 township, are: John W. Yan Sickle, born Sept. 15, 1787; Rob't 
 Shankland, born Nov. 3, 1791; and James Sober, born April 25, 
 1793. 
 
 SURVEY AND RESUEVEY. 
 
 As early as 1816, Surveyor Wampum visited this township, per- 
 haps, and reported having made a survey. Immediately after 
 Dickenson's settlement, when other immigrants flocked thither to 
 locate their lands, they found that if Wampum's descriptions were 
 correct, the sun, moon and stars were wrong. Later, however, they 
 
SALEM T0WN8HIP. 605 
 
 convinced themselves that the planets did not err ; that Wampnm 
 conceived a series of peculiar lines seldom conceived hitherto, and 
 that his labors were falsely directed and most unsatisfactory. The 
 story of this snrvey is thus told : 
 
 "The original snrvey of the township of Salem was made, or 
 guessed at, in 1816. The settlement of the township commenced 
 in 1825, and it was not long after this before the pioneers of Salem 
 began to discover that there was something wrong about the lines. 
 As a matter of fact, in many cases they could find no lines at all. 
 They could not properly locate their lands. They knew not where 
 to construct their fences, build their houses, or plant their orchards; 
 and many an angry discussion and bitter quarrel took place in 
 regard to this matter. In 1842 the contention and strife, the dis- 
 quiet and anxiety with respect to the lines on the part of the people 
 of Salem had become so great that they caused a memorial to be 
 sent to Congress praying for a resurvey of the township. The Gov- 
 ernment granted their request, and a resurvey of the township was 
 made in 1844. The resurvey was made by Harvey Parke, and is 
 known as the " Parke survey." And now the wretched condition of 
 the original survey was more fully disclosed. Of the 60 miles of 
 subdivision lines returned in the original survey as run and marked, 
 2ii miles were never run at all, and many that were run and mark- 
 ed were exceedingly erroneous. The new snrvey also discovered the 
 fact that the township itself was deficient in land. The Government 
 had sold to the people of Salem 631 acres of land more than they 
 ever owned in that township. To make matters worse 147 purcha- 
 sers of lands had got in the aggregate 382 acres more than they 
 paid for. The purchasers of the remaining 128 tracts got 1,013 
 acres less than they paid for. Pioneers of Salem had been led to 
 believe that if they could only get a new survey each person would, 
 at least, get as mnch land as he had paid for. You may judge 
 their surprise then, when the new surveyor told them that his in- 
 structions required him to look up the old lines and re-establish 
 them, and only make new lines where he could find no old ones. 
 So that the old survey, as far as it went, grossly fraudulent and 
 deceptive as it was, was re-established. This was a severe blow to 
 the owners of deficient tracts. Many of these owners were men of 
 slender means, and had vested all, or nearly all, their available sub- 
 stance in the purchase of these lands. It is true that some of them 
 lost but little, but others lost a large portion of their land, and in 
 some cases they lost more than one-third of the land they had paid 
 for. They not only lost their land but they sufi'ered the mortifica- 
 tion of having it taken from them after they had contended so long, 
 so earnestly and so justly for it. But the Government had spoken 
 and must be obeyed. They then prayed Congress fur relief If 
 they lost their land they wanted pay for it. The Government then 
 ordered Lucius Lyon, Surveyor General of Detroit, to proceed to 
 Salem, make a personal inspection of every deficient tract of land, 
 take testimony, and estimate the damages sustained by the owners. 
 
606 HIbTORT OF "WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 He did so, and his report was made the basis of an application to 
 Congress for compensation. The matter was placed in the hands of 
 Gov. Woodbridge, who was then United States Senator, and he 
 procured the passage of a bill by the Senate making the necessary 
 appropriation; but that being a short session the bill was not acted 
 on in the Honse and did not become a law. The next year, Gov. 
 Felch having succeeded Gov. Woodbridge in the Senate, the mat- 
 ter was transferred to him. But Gov. Felch was nnableto procure 
 the passage of the necessary bill unless the people of Salem would 
 be satisfied with having the original purchase money for the lands 
 they had lost returned to them. This was deemed at that time no 
 just compensation and was indignantly refused. And there the 
 matter rests, a stigma on the Government, for they knew the claim 
 was a just one, not only from the sworn testimony of the people 
 themselves who had lost their land, but from the testimony of 
 Parke who made the resurvey, and of Lyon, who estimated the dam- 
 ages, botli gentlemen the accredited oflScers of the Government." 
 
 TOPOGEAPHICAL AND INDUSTRIAL. 
 
 The Detroit, Lansing & Northern railroad, running through the 
 nortiieast quarter of the township, and the Toledo & Ann Arbor 
 railroad, through the northwest quarter, afford sufficient advan- 
 tages to the agriculturists of the town. The depot of the former 
 road is situate at the village of Salem, section 11, and that of the 
 latter near Worden's saw-mill, on section 19. Salem village is a 
 model hamlet. In giving a list of its industries, the peculiarly 
 happy fact will become evident that it is minus a saloon. The post- 
 office, from which is dispatched a daily mail, and which receives 
 one, is under Calvin Wheeler; the express office is in charge of 
 George S. Wheeler, who is also owner of one of the three stores 
 there, the second operated by A. F. Van Atta, and the third, known 
 as the "grange store," carried on by E. T. Walker, member of the 
 Patrons of Husbandry Association. The saw-mill operated by S. 
 W. C. Adams, and another by William Sutherland, form the main 
 manufacturing interest of the town. George Nollar's blacksmith 
 and machine shops, wherein agricultural implements are made and 
 repaired, add to the importance of this township business center. 
 A shoe and barber shop, kept by Mr. Simpson, the millinery and 
 dress rooms of Mrs. and Miss Eider, the boarding house conducted 
 by Mr. and Mrs. Webster, a Baptist church, and a group of 25 hand- 
 some dwelling-houses, form a very fair nucleus for the town of a fut- 
 ure day. 
 
 LAPHAm's corners AND PBEBLBS' CORNERS. 
 
 Lapham's is situated two miles south of Salem depot. It pos- 
 sesses a general store, of which T. H. Corson is proprietor; a wagon 
 and blacksmith shop, and a dozen dwelling-houses. Peebles' Cor- 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. fi07 
 
 ners, on section 17, is the location ot C. H. Cilley's store. The 
 depot of the Toledo & Ann Arbor road is situated near Worden's 
 steam saw-mill, on section 19. This saw-mill was built by the 
 Hamiltons, prior to 1852, was subsequently purchased by Eli H. 
 "Webster, and ultimately by the present owner about the year 1863. 
 All these industries are well supported, and the prospect of numer- 
 ous additions to them is bright indeed. The population of Salem, 
 Lapham's and Peeble's Corners may be set down in the aggregate 
 at 200. • 
 
 The township of Salem is said to comprise 19,620 acres, of which 
 13,829 are improved and 5,791 acres unimproved. There are 194 
 farms, which if equalized would give an average of 101.13 acres. 
 
 In 1879 there were 3,203 acres sown to wheat, which produced 
 70,594 bushels. The wheat area was not increased in 18^0. Sta- 
 tistics dealing with the crops usually cultivated have not been fur- 
 nished in full; but, from figures collected by Messrs. Wheeler, 
 Walker and Lane, a committee appointed by the County Pioneer 
 Society to collect valuable information for this work, it is learned 
 that during the year 1880 no less than 39,122 bushels of wheat, 
 5,556 barrels of apples with large quantities of oats and barley were 
 shipped from the Salem depot of the D. L. & N. R. R. Judging 
 from these figures, the prosperous condition of the people, and the 
 beauty of the township, it must be inferred that Wampum's lines 
 do not render the soil less fertile, or the people less happy. 
 
 In traveling throughout the counties one is apt to woudei' why so 
 many windmills are in use. Such a one may presume that this 
 novel piece of mechanism is only required in pumping water from 
 the well beneath; few even dream of it following the example of 
 that old mill once attacked by a child of romance, named Don 
 Quixote. To understand all the uses of a windmill the learner 
 must come to Salem. Here is one with a 22-foot wheel, supposed 
 to be of six-horse power. It is capable of running a corn-grinder 
 with a capacity of from 15 to 20 bushels per hour. A straw and 
 fodder cutter may be operated by its power, and the prepared prod- 
 uct hoisted into the upper floor of the barn. It runs a power 
 corn-sheller, conveys the grain to the bins in the upper part of the 
 barn, and carries such grain back again to be ground into meal. 
 It runs a 28-inch buzz saw, while at the same time it pumps water 
 to all parts of the farm, forcing it through 1,075 feet of half-inch 
 pipe. This extraordinary windmill was gotten up in the farm-yard 
 of A. T. Walker, and forms one of the few such mills fully util- 
 ized. The machinery in connection with this mill, together with a 
 steam apparatus for steaming fodder and meal for stock, and heat- 
 ing water for scalding purposes, cost $1,500. There are many well- 
 equipped farm yards within the township, but it is questionable 
 whether one can be found to excel that under notice. 
 
 ORGANIC. 
 
 The township of Panama comprised the present towns of Salem 
 and Superior until March, 1833, when the following act, introduced 
 
608 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 
 
 into tlie Territorial Legislative Assembly, by Geo. Renwick, was 
 approved : 
 
 Be it enacted by the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan, That all 
 that part of the township of Panama, in the county of Washtenaw, comprised in 
 surveyed township number 1 south, in range 7 east, be a township by the name of 
 Salem, and the flrst township meeting shall be holden at the school-house near 
 Jacob E. Bullock's, in said township, and that this act shall take effect and be in 
 force on and after the first Monday in April next. 
 
 The first election of township officers under the new statute took 
 place April 1, 1833, at a school-house nearWheaton Bullock's, then 
 called Bullock's Corners. Geo. Renwick called the meeting to order; 
 Samuel Mapes was appointed moderator, and Joseph Jackson, sec- 
 retary. The election was carried out in due form, resulting in the 
 choice of George Renwick, first Supervisor; Alexis Packard, first 
 Clerk; John Dickenson, Calvin Wheeler and Welcome J. Partello 
 Township Assessors; Chas. Dean, Joseph Jackson, Royal Wheelock, 
 Leonard C. Goodale and Lucius Peet, School Inspectors; Isaac Ham- 
 ilton, P. C. Murray and John Bennett, Trustees of school lots; 
 Michael Thompson, George King and Royal Wheelock, Highway 
 Commissioners; Joseph Lapham, Treasurer; Orange Green, Director 
 of the poor; John Dickenson, Treasurer of the poor fund; Joseph 
 Lapham and Peres Walker, Constables. Royal Wheelock was ap- 
 pointed a Justice of the Peace by Gov. Cass in 1829, and S. C. 
 Goodale, by Gov. Porter in 1832. The men so appointed presided 
 as justices until 1836, when the term of appointment lapsed, and 
 the office was placed under the patronage of the people. In the 
 following lists are given the names of those who have held the 
 more important township positions. 
 
 SUPERVISOKS. 
 
 George Renwick 1834 
 
 L. C. Goodale 1835-6 
 
 George Renwick 1837 
 
 John Dickenson 1838 
 
 Royal Wheelock 1839 
 
 Robert Purdy 1840 
 
 Lawrence Noble 1841 
 
 Robert Purdy 1842 
 
 Henry T. Walker 1843-4 
 
 Lawrence Noble 1845 
 
 Daniel Pomroy 1846-7 
 
 Henry T. Walker 1848 
 
 John Dickenson 1849 
 
 Ira Rider 1850 
 
 Lawrence Noble 1851 
 
 Ira Rider 1853 
 
 Lawrence Noble 1853-4 
 
 TOWNSHIP 
 
 Alexis Packard 1834-39 
 
 P. C. Murray 1840-43 
 
 Jno. Bennett 1844-48 
 
 Calvin wheeler 1849-50 
 
 P. C. Murray 1851-3 
 
 Michael W. Johnson 1853-5 
 
 Calvin Wheeler 1856 
 
 M. W. Johnson 1857-60 
 
 Eli H. Webster 1861 
 
 T. D. Lane 1855 
 
 Daniel Pomeroy 1856 
 
 Isaac Wynkup 1857-8 
 
 .John Peebles 1859 
 
 John Peebles 1860 
 
 Royal Wheelock 1861-3 
 
 Rufus Babbitt 1863-4 
 
 Calvin Wheeler 1865-6 
 
 John Peebles 1867 
 
 T. D.Lane 1868 
 
 J. B. Palmer 1869 
 
 Isaac Wynkup 1870-1 
 
 Isaac Wynkup 1873-3 
 
 John Crandall 1874 
 
 Geo. 8. Wheeler 1875-6 
 
 Geo. S. Wheeler 1877-8 
 
 Thos. D. Lane 1879-80 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 M. W. Johnson 1863-4 
 
 W. B. Mead 1865-6 
 
 Silas Pratt 1867-8 
 
 D. D. Cook.' 1869-71 
 
 R. M. Simmons 1873 
 
 D. D. Cook 1873-4 
 
 Silas Pratt 1875-9 
 
 L. B. Manning 1880 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP 
 
 609 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 Peres Walker 1834 
 
 Joseph Lapham 1835 
 
 J. N. Stoddard 1836 
 
 Joseph Lapham 1837 
 
 E. B. Ishom 1838 
 
 Alexis Packard 1839 
 
 Joseph Lapham ... 1840 
 
 L N.Hedin 1841-3 
 
 Eliakim Walker 1844 
 
 J. B. Vanatta 1845 
 
 J. B. Lapham 1846 
 
 David Lapham 1847 
 
 J. B. Vanatta 1848 
 
 D. D. Cook 1849 
 
 Benj. Gary 1850 
 
 Michael Johnson 1851 
 
 Peres Walker 1852 
 
 Henry Smith 1853 
 
 L. D. Cook 1854 
 
 L. D. Cook 1355 
 
 Celey Bennett 1856 
 
 Silas Pratt 1857-8 
 
 Rnfus Babbitt 1859 
 
 Silas Pratt 1860 
 
 O.W. Peck 1861 
 
 M. W. Johnson 1862-3 
 
 J. W. Babbitt 1864 
 
 Henry Dennis 1865 
 
 B. G. Webster 1866-8 
 
 Dwite Peebles 1869 
 
 Dwite Peebles 1870-1 
 
 T. E. Shankland 1872 
 
 J. B. Herrick 1873-4 
 
 J. N. Thompson 1875-6 
 
 C. P. Walker 1877-8 
 
 J. L. Wheelock 1879 
 
 J. L. Wheelock 1880 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Royal Wheelock 1829 
 
 Leonard C. Goodale 1832 
 
 Geo. Renwick 1836 
 
 Leonard C. Goodale " 
 
 Royal Wheelock " 
 
 Hiram Rhodes " 
 
 Geo. Renwick 1837 
 
 Royal Wheelock " 
 
 L.C. Goodale " 
 
 Hiram Rhodes 1838 
 
 H. T.Walker 1841 
 
 H. T. Walker 1843 
 
 John Peebles " 
 
 Jacob Snapp 1843 
 
 ' Royal Wheelock 1844 
 
 Michael Thompson 1845 
 
 Henry T. Walker 1846 
 
 Orson Packard ' " 
 
 John Peebles 1847 
 
 Walter D. Corson 1848 
 
 Michael Thompson 1849 
 
 James B. Vanatta 1850 
 
 John Diamond " 
 
 Edward W. Cook 1851 
 
 Daniel Pomeroy " 
 
 Walter D. Corson 1852 
 
 John L. Johnson " 
 
 John L. .Johnson 1853 
 
 Calvin Wheeler 1854 
 
 T. D. Lane " 
 
 Lawrence Noble 1855 
 
 John Peebles " 
 
 John M. Limbarker 1850 
 
 Wm.B. Mead " 
 
 John Crandall 1857 
 
 Lorin G. Ovenshire 1857 
 
 Calvin Wheeler 1858 
 
 Rufus Babbitt " 
 
 John Peebles 1859 
 
 L. G. Ovenshire " 
 
 I. J. Thompson 1860 
 
 L. G. Ovenshire " 
 
 John Crandall 1861 
 
 Isaac L. Dennis 1862 
 
 John Peebles 1863 
 
 L. G. Ovenshire 1864 
 
 Carlisle Ham 1865 
 
 John B. Waterman " 
 
 John Waterman 1866 
 
 James B. Palmer 1867 
 
 John Peebles 1868 
 
 John Peebles 1869 
 
 Lorin G. Ovenshire ■ . . .1870 
 
 John Crandall " 
 
 Luther Graham " 
 
 Walter B. Palmer 1871 
 
 Calvin Wheeler 1872 
 
 John Crandall 1873 
 
 L. G. Ovenshire 1874 
 
 Geo. M. B. Renwick " 
 
 E. T.Walker " 
 
 Calvin Wheeler " 
 
 John B. Waterman 1875 
 
 T. D. Lane 1876 
 
 Saxton Macomber 1877 
 
 Joseph B. Herrick " 
 
 Geo. N. B. Renwick 1878 
 
 Joseph B. Herrick " 
 
 Hiram B. Daly 1879 
 
 Joseph B. Herrick " 
 
610 
 
 HISTOK\ OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ASSES80KS. 
 
 John Dickeuson 1834 
 
 Calvin Wheeler " 
 
 Royal "Wheeler " 
 
 Thomas Bussey 1835 
 
 Calvin Wheeler " 
 
 John Dickenson " 
 
 Orson Packard 1836 
 
 Thomas Bussey " 
 
 Calvin Wheeler " 
 
 Calvin Wheeler 1837 
 
 David Peebles " 
 
 David Lapham " 
 
 Calvin Wheeler 1 838 
 
 Parley Crowell " 
 
 John Dickenson " 
 
 Calvin Wheeler 1839 
 
 Thomas Bussey " 
 
 Jeremiah Phillips 1839 
 
 David Lapham 1840 
 
 Lemuel Dwelle " 
 
 John Bennett " 
 
 John Bennett 1841 
 
 Ira Rider " 
 
 Michael Thompson " 
 
 Ira Rider 1843 
 
 John Bennett ' 
 
 Same officers 1843 
 
 Michael Thompson 1844 
 
 P. C. Murray " 
 
 LeviWestfall 1845 
 
 Peres Walker " 
 
 Orson Packard 1846 
 
 Reuben Peebles " 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 The advantages of education in Salem were not unlike those 
 cominou to all' new countries. The schools in the early day were 
 small and school-houses were few and far between. The best ot 
 them were rude in construction and unpretentious in appearance. 
 There has been some question as to the location of the first 
 school-house within the boundary of the township, Mr. Wynkup, 
 an old settler, claiming the location was on section 27. But the 
 weight of authority fi.xes the location at Bullock's Corners, in 1829. 
 This structure was built of hewn logs, and was considered a model 
 of its kind. The first school was taught therein during the winter 
 of 1829-'30 by Charles Dean. The second school-house was built 
 on the northwest corner of section 15, in 1832. The first school 
 here was taught by Miss Jane Jessups in the winter term of 1832-'3. 
 
 Regarding the first school-house, Isaac "Wynkup says: ''I under- 
 stand that Mr. Wheeler of Salem has come to the conclusion that 
 the first school-house in the township of Salem was built on section 
 27, and known as the " Bullock School-house." This, I think, is a 
 mistake; my wife lived in the Bullock district when she was a 
 young girl, and she says there was a school-honse on section 31, 
 and that she went to school there, because the Bullock school-house 
 was not yet built.'" The Pioneer Committee, of which Messrs. 
 Wheeler, Walker and Lane are members, still believe that the 
 school-house to which Mr. Wynkup refers, was just outside the 
 town line in section 6, of Superior township; and in this view, 
 the majority of old settlers concur, holding that the first school- 
 house built within the present boundaries of Salem, was that at 
 Bullock's Corners. From the opinion of the majority there is no 
 reason to dissent in this case. That opinion is founded on that 
 belief, that the first school-house was built at Bullock's Corners 
 in 1829, and the first school taught therein, during the winter of 
 lR29-'30, by Charles Dean. This house was very humble in its 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 611 
 
 appearance, constructed of unhewn logs scarcely six feet from floor 
 to ceiling, having a small six-light window on each of three sides, 
 furnished with slab seats set on pins, with a desk on three sides of 
 the house; heated by a small box-stove, which was considered an 
 improved and new method of heating, as very many school-houses 
 at this time were warmed by a huge fire-place in one end of the 
 house, on which was piled large logs of wood from four to eight 
 feet in length. It was in structures of this kind that very many of 
 the men who have built up this great commonwealth and given it 
 character, received their early education. 
 
 Tliere are now five full and six fractional school districts in Sa- 
 lem township. The school-houses are: One stone building, valued 
 at 1700, and four frame buildings, at $600 to $700 each in the full 
 districts; and in the fractional districts, one handsome brick house, 
 one stone house (on the Northfield and Salem line), and four 
 frame buildings. There are 11 teachers, and an average attendance 
 of 30 pupils at the schools. The attendance is regular, and a fair 
 elementary education is offered. 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Tlie First Baptist Church was organized within the house of 
 Wheaton Bullock, Jan. 17, 1S33, with J. L. Twiss, moderator, and 
 Tiiomas Harper, clerk. Elder Eben Carpenter preached the first 
 sermon to the society, on the day of organization; Elder Moses 
 Clark was the first pastor of the Church; L. C. Goodale, the first 
 clerk, John Bennett and Eliphalet Lewis, first trustees; with Alexis 
 Packard and John Bennett, deacons. Elder Clark served as min- 
 ister for a short time after organization ; when Elder Carpenter was 
 appointed pastor. Elder Noyes was called to the pastorate about 
 1837. The pulpit has been filled by many preachers since that 
 period. 
 
 Mrs. Almira Wheeler was the first member who received bap- 
 tism. Kev. J. L. Twiss officiated at this ceremony, which took 
 place in May, 1833. The church was erected in 1852, at a cost of 
 $900. It was moved from its first location to the depot in 1877, at 
 a cost of $300. Since its organization the society has advanced 
 steadily, so that it now claims a membership of 100 persons. 
 
 The First Free Will Baptist Church of SoLem was organized 
 July 7, 1839, in the northeast part of the township of Salem. The 
 Rev. C. P. Goodrich was pastor; Manley Smith, clerk; Michael 
 Thompson, and Deacon James Filer, trustees. In 1850 the society 
 erected a church edifice, which was dedicated in November of that 
 year. 
 
 CongregatiomiJ Church. — Several settlers of Salem township, 
 who had previously worshiped with the Presbyterian Church, 
 decided to form a society to be known as the Congregational 
 Church, and a meeting was therefore called on March 27, 1839. 
 The following persons gave their names as members of said society : 
 
612 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Isaac Hamilton, Charles Pratt, Ethlel Hubbard, Orange Green, 
 Hiram Rhodes, Enoch C. Hamilton, Harvey Hubbard, Edwin Hub- 
 bard, Reuben Peebles, J. H. Peebles, Parley Crowell, Cola Eeo- 
 uett, Zebedee Waldron, S. G. Haywood, Sebra Perkins, George N. 
 Stoddard, Seth Thompson, J. W. Hamilton, John Peebles, Lorin 
 Pratt and A.dam Spence. Zebedee Waldron, Adam Spence, S. 
 G. Haywood, Parley Crowell, Harvey Hubbard and Joseph H. Pee- 
 bles were the first trustees. Zebedee Waldron was the first secre- 
 tary, and Harvey Hubbard the first treasurer. A call was extended 
 to Hiram S. Hamilton to become the first pastor. A house of 
 worship was commenced in 1848, and dedicated as •' Zion Church," 
 on Aug. S, 1849. The cost of the building was about $900. The 
 organization has been very prosperous, and has for its present pas- 
 tor the Rev. Mr. Gilson. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church.- -The Presbyterian Church was or- 
 ganized in the township of Salem in 1833. The first deacons were 
 Isaac Hamilton and Nathaniel Terry. Subsequent to this organi- 
 zation, several Congregationalists settled in the district, who were 
 not content with the society as it was found existing. A meeting 
 was called and the society organized as a Presbyterian Church and 
 Congregational Society. This society erected a house of worship 
 about 1850, at a cost of $1,000. The names of the pastors since 
 the organization are as follows: James Morton, 1852; J. D. Pierce, 
 1856; C. H. Eaton, 1858; Samuel Phillips, 1860; R. J. Williams, 
 1863; 0. C. Thompson, 1867; E. F. Strickland. 1869; J. W. Was- 
 telj, 1870; Robert Hoverden, 1871; M. B. Wilsey, 1874; Armon 
 Spence, 1875; T. O. Childs. 1877; James Vinson, 1880. The 
 present roll of members shows 40 names of males and 65 names of 
 females. Of the aggregate number, 105, there are 26 absent mem- 
 bers. The Sabbath-school, in connection with the Church, was or- 
 ganized in 1841 with a class of 15 members. The school has in- 
 creased to 35. 
 
 The First Wesleyan Methodist Church of Salem was organ- 
 ized in a school-house on section 33, in 1841, with David Norton 
 as class-leader, and Joseph Lapham, first steward. The first annual 
 conference was held in that school-house, where also was formed 
 the first Church discipline. Marcus Swift, Samuel Bibbins and 
 Orin Doolittle were the first preachers. The first house of wor- 
 ship was built in 1851, at a cost of $840, near Lapham's Cor- 
 ners, or Brookville. The pastors have been as follows: B. F. 
 Pritchard, J. G. Spaulding, J. H. Castor, A. W. Wilson, H. No- 
 ble, S. Clements and B. F. Hedffer. the present pastor. The first 
 Snnday-school was established in 1844 or 1845, with 20 members 
 present. The average attendance now is about 50. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church.— In 1864 the M. E. church, 
 in Salem, was dedicated, and the Church organization was perfected, 
 with a membership of about 25. J. B. Van Atta and William Hol- 
 lingshead were made stewards, and A. M. Farley and L. D. Per- 
 kins, class-leaders. Previous to that time there had been a tempo- 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 613 
 
 rary Church organization and preaching at diflferent points in the 
 township by the M. E. ministers. The perfection of this Ciiurch 
 organization was brought about by the earnest efforts of lElder 
 Anderson, who was then preaching on this charge. The dedicatory 
 services were performed by Elder J. M. Castor, who succeeded El- 
 der Anderson. Since that period the membership of the Church 
 has been largely increased until it numbers about 60. At the pres- 
 ent time B. F. Hedger is the preacher in charge. 
 
 SALEM GRANGE. 
 
 Salem Grange was organized July 6, 1874, at Salem Station, by 
 the State Deputy, C. L. Whitney, of Muskegon, with 30 charter 
 members. Names as follows : John B. Waterman, Eleanor P. 
 Waterman, Myron E. Root, Priscilla Root, Charles P. Waterman, 
 Belle Fairchilds, Henry C. Dennis, Martha L. Dennis. Dwelle K 
 Smith, Rosa A. Smith, Daniel E. Smith, Kate Smith, David Rob- 
 erts, Snsan Roberts, William S. Whipple, Charlotte Whipple, Al- 
 fred S. Waterman, Lydia Waterman, Hiram B. Thayer, Almira J. 
 Thayer, Rufus Babbitt, Ellen L. Babbitt, William Tousey, Jane 
 Tousey, Eliakim T. Walker, Isadore Walker, George S. Vansickle, 
 Jane A. Vansickle, Daniel W. Wheeler, Jane Wheeler. 
 
 The first ofBcers of the grange were as follows : Rufus Babbitt, 
 Master; Eliakim T. Walker, Overseer; John B. Waterman, Lect- 
 urer; Daniel W. Wheeler, Steward; David Roberts, Asst, 
 Steward; Henry C. Dennis, Chaplain; Daniel E. Smith, Treasurer; 
 Hiram B. Thayer, Secretary; George S. Vansickle, Gate-Keeper, 
 
 The following have served as masters of the grange since its 
 organization: Rufus Babbitt, J. B. Waterman and Dan. E. 
 Smith. The officers at present are as follows: John B. Waterman, 
 Master; Harvey C. Packard, Overseer; Susan Smith, Lecturer; 
 James H. C. Mosher, Steward; George M. Thompson, Asst 
 Steward; John B. Smith, Chaplain; Daniel E. Smith, Treasurer; 
 Darwin D. Cook, Secretary; Simeon Root, Gate-Keeper; Kate 
 Cook, Pomona; Louise Bidwell, Flora; Irene Roberts, Ceres; 
 Priscilla Root, Lady Asst. Steward. 
 
 Of the 30 charter members seven have withdrawn by demit, six 
 have been suspended for non-payment of dues, one removed by 
 death, and 16 are still members. Of the 87 admitted since organi- 
 zation, 32 have been suspended for the non-payment of dues, eight 
 have withdrawn by demit, three removed by death, 44 retain their 
 membership, which added to the 16 charter members makes a total 
 membership of 60, with a fair prospect of an increase in members 
 during the present year. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Salem has been represented in the Territorial and State Legislat- 
 ures 14 terms, and in Constitutional Convention as follows : George 
 
614 
 
 mSTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Eennick served six terms, two in tiie Territorial and four in the 
 State Legislature. Robert Pindy, one term as member of the Con- 
 stitutional Convention that framed the first constitution of the 
 State ; two terms in the State Legislature. Ira Rider, one terra in 
 Legislature; Henry T. Walker, two terms; Calvin Wheeler, one 
 term ; Thomas D. Lane, two terms, one in the House and one in the 
 Senate. 
 
 Salem has been noted for the number of the physicians it has 
 furnished to the world, having sent out 20 men, all of whom were 
 graduates of some medical college of good repute, besides many 
 others who have never sought or obtained the coveted diploma. 
 
 In the law and theological departments she has not been so pro- 
 lific, having furnished but four lawyers and one minister. She has 
 furnished one county clerk, Leonard Goodale; one county treasurer, 
 J. W. Babbitt, and one county superintendent of schools, Geo. S. 
 Wheeler. 
 
 FIRST PURCHASERS OF LAND. 
 
 The following are the names of the first purchasers of lands in 
 Salem township : 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 Eliakim "^^'alker, w hf of se qr. 
 Edward W. Cook, se qr of se qr and se 
 
 qr of sw qr. 
 Eurotas P. Hastings, w hf of ne qr. 
 Daniel Hurd, e hf of ne qr. 
 Otis M. Walker, ne qr of sw qr. 
 .John Rodger, nw qr of sw qr. 
 Madison Cook, se qr of sw qr. 
 David Houghtaling, se qr of nw qr. 
 Lewis Clark, ne qr of nw qr. 
 .John Sanford, sw qr of nw qr. 
 Timothy Lane, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Ira M . Olds, n w qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 6. 
 
 Isaac R. Sutton, w hf ofsw qr. 
 .Joseph Samain, e hf of sw qr. 
 Alpheus Barrett, w hf of nw qr. 
 Jacob Countryman, e hf of nw qr. 
 Benjamin Hungerford, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Daniel Countryman, w hf of ne qr. 
 .John Sanford, se qr of ne qr. 
 Patrick O'Hern, nw qr of ne qr. 
 Benj. V. Kercheval, sw qr of se qr. 
 Jacob Ij. Lane, se qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 7. 
 
 Isaac R. Sutton, sw qrand w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Eli H. Evans, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Salter S. Mason, w hf se qr and sw qr of 
 
 ne qr. 
 Roderick Spencer, e hf of nw qr. 
 Geo. N. Stoddard, e hf of ne qr. 
 Peter C. Lane, nw qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 1 . 
 
 Thomas Thomas, e hf of se qr. 
 Joseph Phillips, e hf of ne qr. 
 Lewis W. Warner, w hf of ne qr. 
 Abram Kelly, e hf of nw qr. 
 Elijah Fitch, w hf of nw qr. 
 Peter Larkings, e hf of sw qr. 
 Samuel Carpenter, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 Elijah Fitch, ne qr. 
 Roi ert Purdy, e hf of ne qr. 
 Austin Pease, e hf of se qr. 
 Alpheus Barrett, w hf of se qr . 
 Sterry Lyon, sw qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 George Fassett, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 Michael Thompson, w hf of ne qr and e 
 
 hf of nw qr. 
 Leonard C. Goodale, e hf of se qr. 
 Stephen Ay res, w hf of se qr. 
 Wm. Blackmar, w hf of sw qr and whf 
 
 of nw qr. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 Rhoda Walker, e hf of se qr. 
 Eliakim Walker, w hf of se qr. 
 Daniel Smith, e hf of sw qr. 
 Harvey S. Bradley, nw qr of sw qr and 
 
 nw qr of nw qr. 
 Philena Cook, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Wm. Blackmar, e hf of ne qr. 
 Wm Hay, w hf of ne qr and e hf of ne 
 
 qr. 
 Geo. Baker WooUe, sw qr of nw qr. 
 
8ALKM TOWNSHIP. 
 
 61;; 
 
 Section 8. 
 
 Daniel Smith, e lif of ne qr. 
 
 Otis K. Wallcer, nw qr of ne qr. 
 
 Elijah Herrick, sw qr of ne qr and nw 
 
 qr of sw qr. 
 Timothy Lyon, e hf of se qr. 
 Lemuel Parker, w hf of se qr. 
 Thomas J. ^Vlieeler, e hf of sw qr and e 
 
 hf of nw qr. 
 Jeremiah Scott, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Geo. N . Stoddard, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 9. 
 
 Daniel Smith, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Otis Walker e hf of nw qr and w hf of 
 
 sw qr. 
 Perez Walker, e hf of sw qr and w hf of 
 
 ne qr. 
 Attwell Simmons, se qr. 
 Horace Manhall, se qr of ne qr. 
 James M. Blake, ne qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 10. 
 
 Osman Smith, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Eliphalet Lewis, w hf of se qr and e hf 
 
 of sw qr. 
 John Crandal, nw qr. 
 John Bennett, w hf of sw qr. 
 Andrew Cook, w hf of ne qr. 
 Wm. Slocum, seq^ of ne qr. 
 Leonard C. (joodale, ne qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 11. 
 
 Jehiel Krigger, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 Calvin Wheeler, w hf ne qr and e hf of 
 
 nw qr. 
 Charles Lewis, e hf of se qr. 
 Eli Smith, w lif of se qr. 
 Jamf s Sage, e hf of sw qr. 
 Osman Smith, w hf of sw qr. 
 Rhoda Walker, w lif of nw qr. 
 
 Section 12. 
 
 John Dickerson, e hf of se qr. 
 Jeremiah Taylor, w hf of se qr. 
 Samuel Forman, e hf of sw qr. 
 Osman Smith, w hf of sw qr. 
 Jehiel Krigger, w hf of nw qr. 
 John Kellogg, e hf of nw qr. 
 , Asa Parker, e hf of ne qr. 
 John Lewis, w hf of ne qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Eufus Thayer, jr., e hf of ne qr. 
 Jeremiah Taylor, w hf of ne qr. 
 D. M. Schovill, se qr and e hf of sw qr. 
 John Dickerson, e hf of nw qr. 
 John Spinning, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Section 14. 
 
 John Dickerson, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 Jas. Pratt, w'hf of ne and w hf of se qr. 
 
 John f'pinning. e hf of se qr. 
 
 John O. Mather, nw qr. 
 Alexis Packard, e hf of sw qr. 
 Ruf us Thayer, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Section 15. 
 
 Constant Woodworth, e hf of se qr. 
 Joseph Peters, w hf of se qr. 
 Philemon C. Murray, sw qr. 
 Stephen G. Hayward, ne qr. 
 John Miller, nw qr. 
 
 Section 17. 
 
 Roodphus Grandy, e hf of se qr. 
 Crandal M. Howard, w hf of se qr. 
 Isaac Hamilton, w hf of sw qr. 
 G. W. and H. Floisington, e hf of sw qr. 
 Asher Cook, nw qr and w hf of ne qr. 
 Ezekiel Cook, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 Section 18. 
 
 Samuel Williams, w hf of se qr. 
 
 Seth Thompson, e hf of se qr. 
 
 David Peebles, sw fractional qr. 
 
 Owen Webster, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 Hiram Rhodes, w hf of ne qr and nw qr- 
 
 Section 19. 
 
 George King, se qr. 
 
 David Peebles, nw qr and w hf of ne qr. 
 Seth Thompson, e hf of ne qr. 
 Eurotas P. Hastings swqr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 John Van Leuven, w hf of ne qr. 
 
 James Sober, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 Wm. Starkweather, e hf of nw qr. 
 
 Seth Thompson, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Belgrave Pryer, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Benj . Pryer, w hf of se qr. 
 
 John and Benj. Pryer, e hf of sw qr. 
 
 John Pryer, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Section 21. 
 
 Henry Yanson, e hf of se qr. 
 
 J. Harle, w hf of se qr and ehf of swqr. 
 
 Joseph Sperry, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 J. Allen, w hf of ne qr and e hf of nw qr 
 
 and w hf of sw qr. 
 James Sober, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 22. 
 
 Elkanah Pratt, w hf of se qr. 
 Orson Packard, e hf of se qr. 
 Levi S. Smith, e hf of ne qr. 
 Joseph Peters, w hf of ne qr. 
 Eli H. Evans, w hf of sw qr. 
 John Dickerson, e hf of sw qr. 
 Alvin Benjamin, e hf of nw qr. 
 Ira Rider, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Samuel Mapes, se qr. 
 Elkana Pratt, w hf of sw qr. 
 Joseph Lapham, e hf of sw qr. 
 
616 
 
 HI8T0KY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Korris Bullock, w hf of nw qr. 
 Samuel H. West, e hf of nw qr. 
 Thomas Pickney, w hf of ne qr. 
 John Ducher, e hf of ne qr. 
 Joseph A. Pinkney, w hf of n — qr. 
 
 Sbotion 34. 
 
 Royal Wheelook, jr., sw qr. 
 Joseph Sterling, ne qr. 
 Lyman Corbin, se qr. 
 Lawson Isham, nw qr. 
 
 Section 35. 
 
 Royal Wheelock, jr. nw qr. 
 
 Zeri Phelps, e hf of se qr. 
 
 John Forsher, w hf of se qr. 
 
 Reuben Davis, ne qr. 
 
 Manning Hathaway, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Wm. Starkweather, e hf of sw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 
 Elkanah Pratt, w hf of w hf. 
 Thos. Bussey, e hf of se and sw qrs. 
 Zenas Wood, e hf of ne qr. 
 Waterman Ames w hf of ne qr. 
 Joseph Lapham, e hf of nw qr. 
 Elisha G. Mapes, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 37. 
 
 Elkana Pratt, e hf of e hf 
 
 Wm. D. Robinson, w hf of ne qr. 
 
 Enoch and Enos Shippey, w hf of se qr. 
 
 John Renwick, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Wm. D and A. B. Robinson, e hf of nw 
 
 qr. 
 J. E. and Ellis Bullock, w hf of sw qr. 
 A. B. Gardiner, e hf of sw and nw qrs. 
 
 Section 38. 
 
 Merritt P. Weasey, e hf of sw qr. 
 Wm. Deits, w hf of sw qr. 
 Welcome J. Partelo, e hf of se qr. 
 Benj. Sutton, w hf of seqr. 
 Wm. Root, jr. , w hf of nw qr. 
 Wm. Hoagland, e hf of nw qr. 
 John Renwick, e hf of ne qr. 
 Wm. Bennett, w hf of ne qr. 
 
 Section 39. 
 
 WtlQ. Jackson, e hf of se qr. 
 Wm. Branden, w hf of se qr. 
 Alfred D. Isham, e hf of sw qr. 
 Daniel S. Birch, w hf of sw qr. 
 Wheeler Smith, e hf of ne qr. 
 George Renwick, w hf of ne qr. 
 Ebenezer Rush, w hf of nw qr. 
 John Renwick, e hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 Jacob E. Bullock, e hf of se qr. 
 Lucius H. Peet, w hf of se qr. 
 John Dickerson, e hf of ne qr. 
 Philander Green, w hf of ne qr. 
 Jesse Comstock, sw qr. 
 Adam Spence, w hf of sw qr. 
 Hiram S. Hamilton, e hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Daniel Thomas, w hf -of se qr. 
 Joseph Wood, e hf of se qr. 
 Dudson Webster, w hf of ne qr. 
 M. T. C. Webster, e hf of ne qr. 
 Henry Church, w hf. 
 
 Shotion 33. 
 
 Jos. Wickoflf, se qr and e hf of sw qr. 
 John Simons, w hf of sw qr. 
 Luther Graham and P. Crowl, ne qr. 
 Caleb Bartlett, w hf of nw qr. 
 Charles M. Flemming, e hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 83. 
 
 Erastus Truesdell, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 John P. Howard, e hf of sw qr. 
 
 John McCormick. e hf of ne and se qrs, 
 
 Robt. T. Wheelock, w hf of s e qr. 
 
 John L. Shear, e hf of n w qr. 
 
 Wm. Moore w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Avery Thomas, w hf of ne qr. 
 
 Section 34. 
 
 Robt. McCori»tck, w hf of nw and sw 
 
 qrs. 
 Jas. Bryant, ne qr and e hf of nw qr. 
 Ehsha Marshal, se qr. 
 Esek Pray, e hf of sw qr. 
 
 Section 85. 
 
 Abraham Laraway, e hf of se qr. 
 Harvey DeLong, w hf of se qr. 
 Wm. McCormick, w hf of sw qr. 
 Jacob Friant, se qr of sw qr. 
 Alanson Chase, ne qr of sw qr. 
 Lewis Britton, e hf of ne qr. 
 James Patterson, sw qr of ne qr. 
 Joseph Lapham, nw qr of ne qr. 
 Calvin Burey, ne qr of nw qr. 
 David Lapham, nw qr of nw qr. 
 James H. Woods, s hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 86. 
 
 Aaron Blood, se qr and e hf of sw qr. 
 Sarah Teeple, e hf of ne qr. 
 James Walworth, w hf of ne qr. 
 David Laraway, w hf of sw qr. 
 Joseph C. Tyler, w hf of nw qr. 
 Joshua Chase, e hf of nw qr. 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 617 
 
 BIOGEAPUICAL. 
 
 Below we give brief personal sketches of some of the leading res- 
 idents of Salem township: 
 
 David Botsford was born in New Haven county, Conn., May 
 10, 1804, and is a son of Aaron and Comfort Botsford. Wiien 
 David was six years of age, his parents removed to the " Genesee 
 country," in New York, where he was reared and educated. His 
 father was born in Connecticut Feb. 29, 1763. At the age of 16 
 he entered the Continental army, and served till the close of the 
 war. He died June 17, 1842, aged nearly 80 years. David came 
 to Washtenaw county in October, 1829, and located on 160 acres of 
 land in Ann Arbor tp., which he had entered of Government. In 
 1848 lie removed to Superior tp., and in 1860, to Salem tp., where 
 he has since resided. He was marl-ied March 12, 1829, to Thank- 
 ful Levisee, born in Saratoga county, N. Y., July 15, 1803, and 
 daughter of Aaron and Anna (Lamb") Levisee. Of their 7 chil- 
 dren, 3 are living — Eunice, wife of William Graham; Sarah A., 
 wife of William WycofF, of Kansas; and Rosaltha, wife of Thomas 
 Geer, a resident of Ann Arbor. Burnett, Burgill, Burton and 
 Allen are deceased. Politically, Mr. Botsford is a Republican. Ho 
 owns a farm of 117 acres on sec. 32. 
 
 Asahel Carey, a leading farmer of Salem tp., was a native of Sen- 
 eca Co., N. Y., and was born May 4, 1834. His father, Matthew 
 Carey, was born in Seneca Co., N. Y., June 26, 1807. His mother, 
 Amanda Carey, was born in Pennsylvania in 1810. Asahel was 
 reared in tlie country, and educated in the district schools. He was 
 married Dec. 21, 1859, to Miss Jane E. Crager, daughter of Adam 
 and Martha (Girard) Crager, who were natives of New Jersey. 
 Mrs. Carey was born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., Aug. 10, 1836. to 
 this union 1 child was born, MattieE., born May 18, 1862. Mr. 
 Carey removed to Salem tp., this county, in 1869. He owns a very 
 valuable farm of 134 acres on sees. 23 and 26, all of which is under 
 a fair state of cultivation. In 1880 Mr. C. erected a magnificent 
 residence at a cost of $3,300. Politically, Mr. C. is a Republican. 
 He is one of the enterprising and devoted men of Salem. 
 
 John Dickerson, the first white settler in Salem tp., was born in 
 Morris county, N. J., Sept. 12, 1795. His parents, Charles and 
 Huldah (Chamberlain) Dickerson, removed to Seneca county, N. Y., 
 in 1798, where John passed his early life. He received but a lim- 
 ited education, the first summer school he attended being held in a 
 barn. In the autumn of 1825 Mr. Dickerson, in company with 
 his cousin, Joseph Dickerson, emigrated to Michigan. They came 
 direct to Salem tp., when Mr. Dickerson entered three tracts of land, 
 on sees. 12, 13 and 14. He also entered 80 acres in Wayne county. 
 He returned to New York, and in Julj^, 1826, came once more to 
 his Western home. He built a log cabin, the first one in the tp., 
 and then went to work to clear his land. The land was almost a 
 
618 HISTORY OF •WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ■wilderness, and the Indians during the day. the wild beasts diiring^ 
 the night, were his only companions for many a long and weari- 
 some day. Mr. Dickerson has prospered in the race through life, 
 and has accumulated considerable property. He owns 270 acres of 
 finely improved land adjoining Salem Station. He is a man of 
 enterprise and unsurpassed generosity. 
 
 Stephen Ellis, farmer, see. 20. Salem tp. ; P. O., Ann Arbor; 
 was born in Ontario county, N. Y., April 4, 1831. His parents 
 were Benjamin and Mary Ellis, natives of Ontario and Herkimer 
 counties, N. Y. They came to Oakland Co., Mich., in 1835, and 
 Mr. Ellis entered 160 acres of land in Lyon tp., where he resided 
 till death. Stephen was reared on a farm and educated in the com- 
 mon schools. Feb. 1, 1855, he married Betsey J. Prior, born in 
 Salem tp. Sept. 11, 1831, and daughter of John Prior, born in 
 England Oct. 30, 1802, who emigrated to America with his parents 
 in 1805. He passed his early'life in New York State. In 1831, 
 with his brother Benjamin, he came to Salem tp., Washtenaw 
 county, and entered 240 acres of land, which had not been correctly 
 surveyed, and subsequently turned out to be only 140 acres. Mr. 
 Prior was married Sept. 19, 1834, to Sybil Bardwell, and 2 chil- 
 dren were born to them — Betsey J. (the wife of the subject of this 
 sketch) and Ann L. Mrs. Prior died July 23, 1853. In politics 
 Mr. Prior is Democratic. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis had 5 children sent 
 to them, 3 of whom are living — Wellington H., born Dec. 30, 1858; 
 Frank H., born Aug. 28, 1865, and John J., born Nov. 14, 1867. 
 
 Dewitt Freeman was born in this county in 1835, and is a son of 
 S. J. and Hannah (Lacy) Freeman, the former a native of New York 
 and of English descent, and the latter of the Mohawk Valley, in New 
 York, and of German ancestry. Mr. Freeman received a liberal 
 education, and has been a tiller of the soil the greater part of his 
 life. He was married Jan. 25, 1860, to Augusta Finton. They 
 have 4 children — Elizabeth, Hattie, Asa Burton and Clara. Mrs. 
 Freeman is a consistent member of the M. E. Church. Mr. Free- 
 man is Eepublican in politics, and has been a School Moderator 
 for nine years. 
 
 Thomas B. Oorton, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 3; P. O., Salem; 
 was born in Livingston county, Mich., July i9, 1812, and is a son 
 of Thomas and Hannah Gorton, natives of Ehode Island. The 
 former was born Aug. 27, 1777, and the latter March 3, 1780. They 
 were married in 1798 and had 13 children; 6 of these are living- 
 Isabella, Hannah, Thos. B., Samantha, Lydia and Major D. Mr. 
 G.'s parents removed and settled in Wayne county, in" September, 
 1836, where Mr. Gorton purchased a tract of 368 acres. He died 
 March 22, 1852. Mrs. G. died May 27, 1846. Thomas was reared 
 and educated in Wayne county. In 1867 he came and settled in 
 Salem on sec. 3, where he owns 200 acres, part of which lies in 
 Oakland county. March 13, 1834, he married Ruby Burr, and had 
 4 children; of these 2 are living — Lancaster, married Susan Robin- 
 son, and Mary E. (now Mrs. Seley Bennett). Mrs. Gorton departed 
 
(14/ L:€^ , 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 021 
 
 this life Dec. 12, 1860, and Aug. 15, 1861, Mr. G. married Esther 
 A. Doane, a native of Cayuga county, N. Y., who was born Sept. 
 5, 1828, and they have had 1 child, Warren D., born Sept. 29, 
 1863. In politics Mr. G. is a stout Republican. 
 
 W. R. Hamilton, farmer, Salem tp., was born in Washtenaw 
 county July 23, 1846. His parents were Warren and Anna Hamil- 
 ton, the former a native of Madison Co., Mass., where he was born - 
 June 18, 1816, and the latter a native of Seneca Co., IST. Y., born 
 September, 1815. His father came to the county in 1833, and be- 
 ing in rather limited circumstances was employed as a day laborer 
 for some three years. He then bought 80 acres of land, and subse- 
 quent additions increased it to 160. In 1868 he removed to Ann 
 Arbor, where he died May 18, 1877. He assisted in the organiza- 
 tion of the Congregational Church of Salem tp., and was a member 
 of that denomination at the time of his death. W. R. Hamilton 
 received a good education at the Ann Arbor High School. He was 
 married Nov. 5, 1S68, to Mary Manning, born in this county Dec. 
 18, 1847, and daughterof William E. and Emeline Manning, natives 
 ofJSTewYork. They have 3 children — Gertrude F., Reuben W. 
 and Theresa. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton are members of the Con- 
 gregational Church. Politically Mr. H. is Republican. He is a 
 member of the executive committee of the Agricultural Society of 
 Washtenaw County, and owns 300 acres of land, situated on sees. 17 
 and 20. 
 
 George Herrick was born in Salem tp. Dec. 16, 1845. His 
 
 Sarents were Daniel and Mary Ann Herrick, the former born in 
 lew York August, 1793, and the latter a native of Connecticut, 
 where she was born Dec. 28, 1800. They emigrated to Michigan 
 in 1836, purchasing three tracts of land in Salem tp., where the for- 
 mer died Sept. 26, 1855, aged 62 years. Mrs. Herrick departed this 
 life March 6, 1878, aged 78 years. George was educated in the 
 Ypsilanti Seminary. He was married Sept. 9, 1868, to Carrie Brit- 
 ten, born in Livingston Co., IS". Y., Aug. 18, 1846, and daughter of 
 Richard and Eliza (Stewart) Britten. They have 4 children — Fred, 
 Edward, Lavergne and Minnie. Mr. Herrick is a firm believer 
 in the doctrines of the Republican party, and owns a valuable farm 
 of 144 acres on sec. 3. His father served three months as a private 
 in the war of 1812. 
 
 Thomas D. Lane, a prominent man in Salem, was born in Vic- 
 tor, Ontario Co., N. Y., June 26, 1820. He came with his parents, 
 Peter C. and Malana Lane, to this county in 1836. His father was 
 born Jan. 6, 1793, and served in the war of 1812. He was^drafted 
 into the British service and served three months, and was again 
 drafted, but deserted and forced his way through the lines and en- 
 listed in the American service, and devoted his time and labors to 
 it till the close of the war. He died Jan. 5, 1852. Mrs. Lane died 
 July 11, 1877. Thomas was reared on a farm and received his edu- 
 cation in tiie rudest sort of log cabins. He remarks that most ot 
 his education was obtained by the light from burning " tamarack 
 
 38 
 
622 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 knots." Mr. Lane has held various offices oi prominence, both in 
 the county and State. He was inspector ol common schools for 15 
 years, and was elected Justice of the Peace twice, but declined 
 serving. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors four terms. 
 In 1858 he was elected a member of the Legislature, and served 
 acceptably one term. In 1860 he was chosen State Senator, and 
 served one term, consisting of one regular and two special sessions. 
 His father was a man quite prominent in Cattaraugus Co., JSI. Y., 
 and held various offices of trust. The early life of Mr. Lane was 
 spent in school-teaching, having taught for some 11 years. He is 
 a self-acquired man, and has attained unto considerable eminence. 
 He was married May 12, 1857, to Olive V. Webster, a native of Ma- 
 comb Co., Mich., and was born Jan. 2, 1836. They have had 3 
 children; of these 2 are living, viz.: Webster P. (married Alice M. 
 McFarland), and Chas. S. J. S. is deceased. Mrs. Lane's parents, 
 Eli H. and Lucy A. Webster, were natives of Ontario and Monroe 
 counties, N. Y. 
 
 Nathaniel Martin was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., Aug, 12, 
 1808, and is a son of John and Dorcas Martin, who were natives of 
 Washington county, N. Y. Mr. Martin's father when a boy 13 or 
 14 vears old, some time during the war of the Revolution, was on 
 his way home from mill in company with another boy, and was 
 captured by Indians who delivered him into the hands of the Brit- 
 ish after they had kept him some six weeks. His father procured 
 a pass from the British General and finally, after a diligent search, 
 found him. Nathaniel is the youngest of a family of 13 children, 
 10 of whom lived to the years of maturity. He and his brother 
 John are the only ones of this family who survive. John is the 
 oldest Baptist minister in the State of Michigan. Mr. Martin was 
 married Oct. 7, 1828, to Almeda Canfield, by whom he has had 5 
 children; of these 3 are living, viz.: Joann (now Mrs. Levi Dake), 
 Edward S. and Marjette. Mrs. Martin departed this life on March 
 8, 1879. Her birth dates back to Jan. 9, 1802. Mr. Martin came 
 to Oakland county, Mich., and entered in Southfield tp., where he 
 lived till 1854, when he located in Salem, this county. He owns a 
 farm of 90 acres on sec. 11. In politics he advocates Republican- 
 ism. 
 
 George W. McCormick, farmer, sec. 33; P. O., Salem Station; 
 was born in New York, in 1829, and is a son of John and Rachel 
 (Buck) McCormick, natives of New York and of Irish and Scotch 
 descent. He received his education in the Ypsilanti schools, but 
 has been a farmer through life, in which business he has been more 
 than ordinarily successful. He owns 280 acres of fertile land. He 
 was married Jan. 10, 1855, to Polly Jane Rhorabacher. They have 
 1 child — Flora, wife of A. C. Curtis, who was born February, 1856. 
 Mr. McCormick is a prominent farmer of Salem tp., and the county 
 at large. 
 
 Philemon C. Murray, one of the very earliest settlers of Salem 
 tp.,was born in Northumberland tp., Saratoga county, N. Y., July 14, 
 
SALFM TOWNSHIP. 623 
 
 1805, and was a son of Philemon H. and Lncy Murray, who removed 
 to the " Black river country," when Mr. Murray was quite young, 
 and subsequently to Auburn, in town of Owasco, Cayuga county, 
 where he passed his early life. Mr. Murray's grandfathers were 
 soldiers in the Continental army, and Mr. Murray well remembers 
 seeing the soldiers during the war of 1812 passing by his father's 
 house on their way to Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. Murray's fatherdied when 
 he was 12 years of age, and he was forced from that time on to do 
 for himself. Sooti after this bereavement his mother married Key. 
 Mr. Clark, and in 1824 they removed to Washtenaw county, locat- 
 ing on a tract of land previously purchased by Mr. Clark. Phile- 
 mon remained in this county only four months, and during that 
 time attended the first 4th of July celebration ever held in the 
 county. In 1826 he came again to Michigan, and spent most of 
 the summer in this State, in the meantime making a prospecting 
 trip to White Pigeon prairie. He did not see a white man from 
 the time he left Saline until he arrived at his destination. He en- 
 camped several nights with the Indians, one night at their village, 
 named Notta-wa-sifa. He was absent about three weeks, and then 
 returned to Ne,w York. In 1828 he made his last and final trip to 
 this State, and in December entered 80 acres on sec. 15, Sa- 
 lem tp., and two years later 80 acres more on the same section. He 
 still owns the land. Mr. Murray was present at the organization of 
 Salem tp., and was chosen its first Highway Commissioner. He was 
 Township Clerk for about 10 years. Mr. Murray was married Dec. 
 29, 1830, to Hannah E. Johnson, born in Newburgh, N. Y., May 1, 
 1813, and daughter of Michael and Eliza Johnson. Her uncle, 
 John R. Bell, was a graduate of the West Point Military Academy, 
 and served as a Colonel in the war of 1812. He was appointed and 
 served as the first Military Governor of Florida after its purchase; 
 he was promoted to Major and died at Henrietta, IST. Y., still being 
 in the service, and was buried with military honors. Ten chil- 
 dren were born to this union, 7 of whom are living — George, 
 who married Mary J. Knapp; Lucy A., wife of L. D. Cook; Eliza 
 B., wife of D. D. Cook; Julia A., wife of Dr. M. M. Rorabacher; 
 Philemon H., who married Louisa J. Bich; Mary A., wife of 
 Newell A. Withee; and James H., who married Sophia Johnson. 
 Marshall M., John W. and Sarah M. are deceased. Mr. Murray's 
 portrait will be found in this volume. 
 
 A. G. Northrop, farmer, sec. 10, Salem tp. ; P. O., Salem Station ; 
 was born in Pittsfield Co., Conn., Oct. 7, 1828. His father, Anson 
 Northrop, served in the war of 1812. A. C. was raised a " farmer's 
 boj'," and received a common-school education. He emigrated to 
 this county in 1869, and Nov. 17, 1870, married Mrs. Sarah Everett, 
 widow of John Everett (deceased), who died Nov. 12, 1868, at the 
 age of 56 years. Mrs. Northrop is a daughter of Lewis and Martha 
 Webber, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of New 
 York, and was born in Lewis Co., N. Y., Oct. 7, 1836. Her first 
 husband, Mr. Everett, was a pioneer of Wayne Co., Mich., having 
 
624 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 accompanied his parents there at an early day. Mrs. Northrop was 
 a resident of Detroit for several years. Her great-great-grandfather 
 came to Americn with the little band of Pnritans in the Mayflower, 
 and landed on Plymouth Eock. Mr. Northrop is Democratic in 
 politics, and owns 146 acres of good land on sec. 10. 
 
 Orson Packard, one of Salem's early and respected pioneers, was 
 born in Ontario county (now Wayne county), N. Y., Jan. 23, 1806. 
 His parents, John F. and Amity B. Packard, were natives of Mas- 
 sachusetts. Mr. Packard, as most boys, was reai-ed on a farm and 
 received only a common district schooling. April 3, 1828, he was 
 married to Miss Rhoda Kaymore, daughter of John and Sarah Ray- 
 more. Mrs. P., a native of Windham county, Yt., was born Aug. 
 27, 1806. They have had 4 children, viz. — -Mary A. (now the wife 
 of Levi G. Qaackenbush), John F. (married Cliloe M. Wheelock), 
 Cynthia A. (now wifeof Theron Wyckoff), and Harvey C. (married 
 Louisa Bignall). In May, 1830, Mr. Packard removed to Washte- 
 naw county. He entered 80 acres from " Uncle Sara" in Salem tp., 
 where he settled down. Although deprived of many things, yet sub- 
 ject to the hardships of a frontier life they passed their first Michi- 
 gan life. A log cabin was their place of shelter from the raging rain 
 and snow-storms, the hungry wolf and the grizzly bears. All these 
 animals infested the wood, and less numerous were the wild hunters, 
 the Indians. Mr. Packard took a prominent part in the building 
 of school-houses and churches. He was one of the organizers of 
 the Wesleyan Methodist Society in that tp., which was the first of 
 that denomination in this, our fair America, a land of Churches of 
 all orders. He was present when the discipline of that Church was 
 formed. Surely the name of Orson Packard will live in the history 
 of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of America, as if engraven on a 
 page of adamantine rock, upon which future ages will look as they 
 pass along one by one. Mr. and Mrs. Packard still retain their con- 
 nections with that Church. In politics he is a Republican, but was 
 formerly a Whig. He owns a farm of 64 acres on sec. 22. 
 
 George N. B. Renwick, a prominent farmer of Salem tp., was 
 born in Seneca county, N. Y., June 4, 1827. His parents were 
 George and Phcebe Renwick. His father was a native of England, 
 and came to America when a young man. His mother was born in 
 Seneca county, N. Y. In the fall of 1828 they removed to Michigan, 
 and located three tracts of land on sec. 28, Salem tp., or what was 
 then called "Panama" tp. Mr. Renwick aided in organizing the 
 town of Salem, and was one of the framers of the constitution of the 
 State. He was a member of the Territorial Legislature for four 
 years, and for 10 years after it became a State. He was Supervisor 
 of Salem for many years, and a Justice of the Peace, also. In 
 politics, he was an " old time" Whig. The subject of this 
 sketch was reared to manhood in Salem tp. He "has followed 
 agricultural pursuits through life, and at present owns a farm 
 of 304 acres of sees. 27 and 28. In politics he was formerly Whig, 
 but is now Independent. He is at present holding the office of 
 Justice of the Peace. 
 
SALKM TOWNSHIP. 625 
 
 John W. RenwlcJc, farmer, sees. 28 and 29, Salem tp., is a son 
 of George Eenwick, and was born in Monroe county, N. Y., Feb. 14, 
 1825. His parents removed to Washtenaw county in October, 1828, 
 and John W. grew to manhood among the busy and stirring scenes 
 of pioneer life. His father being away from home the greater 
 part of the time, the superintendence of the farm fell into the 
 hands of John, who was the oldest child, and this hard labor in 
 early life deprived him of those educational advantages which he 
 was so earnestly striving for. He was married, April 5, 1849, to 
 Amity B. Packard, born in Monroe Co., JST. Y., Dec. 31, 1828, and 
 daughter of Alexis and Prudence Packard. Eight children have 
 been given them, 7 of whom are living — Ernest E., Alexis P., 
 George D., Martha D., Mary, Jane and John. George is deceased. 
 Mr. Renwick is a Republican, and owns 350 acres of land. Mrs. 
 Renwick possesses 180 acres of land, situated on section 14. 
 
 JohnS. aider, an early pioneer of Wayne county, was born in 
 Wayne county, N. Y., Aug. 11, 1820. His parents, David and 
 Polly Rider, were natives of New York and England. His parents 
 came to Wayne county, Mich., in the wild days of 1827 and settled 
 in Livonia tp., where he entered land from the Government and 
 lived till his death, which occurred in 1862, at the advanced age of 
 79 years. He served in the war of 1812. John was reared on a 
 farm and received his education in the common country schools. 
 He was married Jan. 8, 1846, to Adarima Eldridge, daughter of 
 Nathaniel and Diana Eldridge, of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Rider was 
 born in Wayne county, Mich., Mar. 29, 1828. They had 6 children, 
 5 of whom are living, viz.: Nathaniel, born July 25, 1848, and mar- 
 ried Rosetta HoUis; Adalaide, born June 25, 1857; Franklin, 
 born Sept. 26, 1853, and married Emma Kingsley; Dayton, born 
 July 26, 1856, and married Dora Smith, and Mar}', born Jan. 20, 
 1859, and now wife of Almond Smith. Mr. R. is a Republican in 
 politics. He owns a farm of 152 acres on sees. 11 and 12. 
 
 Andrew Rodger was born in Montgomery county, N. Y., Feb. 
 11, 1813. His parents removed to Madison county, N. Y., when 
 he was five years old, where he was reared and educated. In 1839 
 he came to this county and entered 40 acres on sec. 6, Salem tp. 
 Nov. 8, 1842, he was married to Jane N. Bardwell, daughter of 
 Jonathan and Betsey M. Bardwell, natives of Massachusetts. Mrs. 
 Rodger was born in Madison county, N. Y., May 23, 1821. They 
 have 1 child, William Clark, born April 15, 1849. Jonathan 
 Bardwell, Mrs. R.'s father, was born April 23, 1779, and Mrs. B. 
 was born Jan. 22, 1784. They settled in New York in 1796, where" 
 they lived until 1833, when they emigrated to Washtenaw county, 
 and" settled in Northfield tp., where he entered 120 acres of land. 
 He died Aug. 17, 1848, and his wife, Mrs, Bardwell, died July 20, 
 1841. Mrs. Rodger was a pioneer school-teacher in Northfield and 
 Salem tps. Her sister, Sybil Bardwell, was also among the first 
 teachers of Northfield. Mr. and Mrs. Rodger were members of the 
 
()36 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOCTNTY. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. Their farm contains 160 acres, situated on 
 sees. 5 and 6. 
 
 Robert 8hanMand, a veteran soldier in the war of 1812, was 
 born in Otsego county, N. Y., Nov. 3,. 1791. His parents were 
 William and Margaret Shankland, the former a native of Otsego 
 county^ N. Y., born Aug. 15, 1762, and the latter of Scotland, born 
 Oct. 15, 1770. Her parents emigrated to America at a very early 
 day. Mr. Shankland, the father of our subject, served as a private 
 through the Revolutionary war. He died April 17, 1850, aged 
 nearly S8 years, and Mrs. Shankland N^ov. 10, 1850. Robert passed 
 his early life on a farm, and received a common-school education. 
 He enlisted in the war of 1812, July of that year, in Capt. Blakes- 
 ley's company. During his first term of service he was stationed 
 at Oswego, N. Y., as guard. October, 1814, he re-enlisted, this 
 time in Capt. Draper's company. He remained at Sacket's Har- 
 bor during his last military service, and participated in the con- 
 flict in capturing the three British boats at Henderson's Harbor, 
 under command of Major Apling. Mr. Shankland served in all 
 about 14: months, and now draws a pension. In August, 1830, he 
 came to this county and entered 80 acres on sec. 35, Ann Arbor 
 tp., and built a log cabin, and JN'ov. 16, he took his abode within 
 its massive log walls. He lived there until 1837, when he pur- 
 chased his present home, He was married Aug. 11, 1824, to Miss 
 Arabella Bennett, a native of Worcester county, Mass., born Oct. 
 7, 17!i9. This union resulted in 8 children, 5 of whom are now 
 living — Thomas E., Caroline (now Mrs. Ira Root), Andrew .J., 
 Yeeder L., and Margaret (now Mrs. Hart). William H., James 
 and Arabella are deceased. Mrs. S. died May 13, 1855, aged nearly 
 56. Mr. S. owns a farm of 126 acres on sec. 32. In politics he is 
 a Democrat. 
 
 Eli 0. Smith, an honored pioneer of Washtenaw Co., was 
 born in Ontario Co., K Y., June 27, 1810. He lived on a farm 
 until of age. In 1830, he emigrated to Michigan, and entered 80 
 acres of land in Salem tp., on which "Salem Station now stands. 
 This land patent was signed by John Q. Adams. He returned to 
 New York, when he disposed of his property, and in 1836, came 
 again to Michigan. He built a log cabin and commenced life in a 
 very humble manner. He was a carpenter by trade, and worked 
 at that business for over 10 years, in the meantime devoting his 
 spare moments to clearing his farm. He has passed the remain- 
 der of life in agricultural pursuits. Oct. 23, " 1838, he married 
 Tsabel Harley, born in the German valley, N. J., Feb. 22, 1814, and 
 daugliter of Menard and Mary Harley, the former a native of 
 Germantown, N. J., and the latter of Philadelphia, Pa. Of their 
 3 children, 1 survives — Dewelle E., who was born June 15, 
 1846. He married Rosa Van Atta, and they liave 1 child, Floyd 
 U.; Mary L. (deceased) died Jan. 20, 1860, at the early a^e of 20 
 years. She was remarkably intelligent, and a devoted Christian. 
 S.irah C. is alsodecea.sed. Mr. Smith is Republican in politics. 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 62Y 
 
 Mrs. Smith has been an active and earnest member of the M. E. 
 Church for over 40 years. 
 
 James M. Smith, farmer, Salem tp. ; P. O., Salem Station ; was 
 born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., Oct. 10, 1809, and was a son of 
 Nathan and Anna Smith. James was educated at the Fairfield 
 Academy; and Jan. 13, 1835, he was married to Maria Hulsey, who 
 was born in New York July 1, 1811. Four children were born 
 to this nnion, 3 of whom survive — Martha A., Emily X. and 
 Archibald. One son, Nathan J. (deceased), at the response of the 
 President's call for 75,000 men in 1862, enlisted in Co. ( ', 151st Eeg. 
 N. Y. Vol. Inf., and participated in the engagement at Cold Harbor, 
 June 3, 1864, when he received a fatal wound. Mr. Smith removed 
 to Ann Arbor in 1854, and nine years later to Salem tp., where tie has 
 since resided, engaged in agricultural pursuits. He owns 120 acres 
 of well-improved land on sec. 7, and is Kepublican in politics. His 
 Grandfather Smith was a Colonel in the Revolutionary wai-. 
 
 James Sober, one of Salem's veteran soldiers in the war of 1812, 
 was born in New Jersey April 26, 1793. When he was two years 
 of age his father removed to Bennington county, Yt., where he was 
 reared until 12 years old, when he went to Otsego county, N. Y., 
 and learned the brick-making trade. In 1810 he went to Phelps, 
 Ontario county, N. Y., and was engaged as a foreman in a brick 
 manufactory during the summer months, and during the winter 
 months he worked in a mill. Mr. Sober enlisted in the war of 
 1812, September, 1813, in Capt. Clark's company. He served one 
 term (three months), then re-enlisted under Capt. Elias Cass and 
 served another three months, at the expiration of which time he 
 enlisted in Capt. A. J.Graham's company and served till the close of 
 that memorable war. He participated in the conflict at Fort George. 
 A portion of his military service was under Gen. Wintield Scott. 
 He was also the life guard of Col. Philetas Swift for a time. Mr. 
 Sober possessed a spirit of moral and undaunted courage seldom 
 equaled in man. He volunteered one night to stand on guard 
 at a picket post where three men had been killed in succession the 
 three previous nights by an Indian chief, but Mr. Indian failed to 
 put in an appearance, and Mr. S. was not favored with the oppor- 
 tunity of displaying his expertness with his rifle. In 1831 he 
 came to Salem tp., this county, and entered land from " Uncle 
 Sam." He then returned to New York, and the next year re- 
 moved his family to his Michigan home. The first seven years of 
 his life in Michigan he bought and sold land, but since that has pur- 
 sued the avocation of farming. Wild animals were very numerous, 
 and Mr. Sober would frequently dispatch a deer or turkey that 
 would frequent his cabin-home yard. May 11, 1817, he married 
 Clarissa Allen, by whom he had 11 children, 5 of whom are living 
 — Jerome B., Wilbur E. H., Sylvester C, Emily M. (now wife of 
 Heman Barnard,) and Hester A. (now wife of Charles Walker). 
 Mrs. Sober is a daughter of John and A.my Allen, and was born 
 in Farmington county, Conn., April 21, 1795. Mr. and Mrs. Sober 
 
628 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 are the oldest and longest married couple now Hvins; in Salem tp., 
 and are members of the M. E. Church. He is a Kepublican. Mr. 
 S. draws a pension for his services in the war of 1812. 
 
 Sylvester C. Sober, son of James and Clarissa Sober, was born 
 in Salem tp., Washtenaw county, Nov. 11, 1834. He was reared 
 on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He was married, 
 April 19, 1860, to Lydia Dennis, born in Wayne Co., N. Y., Oct. 5, 
 1840, and daughter of F. A. and Lydia Dennis. Of their 5 children 
 3 are living — Carrie E., Lizzie and Fred S. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Sober are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Sober is a Eepublican 
 in politics, and a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. He is 
 also connected with the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Sober owns 195 
 acres of land on sees. 16 and 21, also 80 acres on sec. 1, Pitts- 
 field tp. 
 
 A. F . Yan Atta, merchant, Salem Station, was born in this 
 county Feb. 25, 1842. His pai'ents, Aaron B. and Ellen K. Van Atta 
 were early pioneers of Washtenaw county. Mr. Yan Atta was reared 
 on a farm and completed his educational training at the, Ann Arbor 
 High School. He followed farming until the spring of 1876, 
 when he opened a " general store " at Salem, where he has since 
 been engaged. He was married May 20, 1862, to Maria Walker, 
 and 4 children have been sent to bless this union — Tid. 1., Dora 
 A., LeRoy W. and Jane M. Politically Mr. Yan Atta is a mem- 
 ber of the Greenback party. He is a successful farmer and owns 
 120 acres of land on sees. 12 ^and 13, in JSTorthfield tp., besides 
 120 acres in Salem tp. 
 
 James B. Yan Atta. — This gentleman is one of the pioneers 
 of Michigan, settling in the town of Independence, Oakland Co., 
 Mich., in 1836. He is a native of the township of what is 
 now known as Washington, Warren Co., N. J., and was born 
 the 9th of March, 1S12, making him nearly 70 years of age; 
 his parents' names were Samuel and Margaret ( Bryant )Yan Atta, 
 the first of German origin. The ancestors of each were very early 
 settlers of New Jersey. Aaron Yan Atta, grandfather of our subject, 
 was a soldier in the army of General Washington during the war 
 of Independence, and during the latter part of his life followed 
 farming. He was a devout member and a Deacon in the Presby- 
 terian Church, and died at the age of 72, in New Jersey, and at the 
 house of his grandson, whose name appears at the head of this 
 sketch. 
 
 The father of our subject died when J. B. was but 10 years of 
 age, leaving a family of 11 children, and but a small property to 
 support them. 
 
 When the subject of this sketch was 16 years ^f age he hired out 
 to a wealthy slave-owner, James Dusenbery, as a waiter, at $3 per 
 month, remaining some three months; this was the first money he 
 ever earned and was given to his mother; the next year he hired 
 to John Garrison to work on his farm for one year for $50 and a 
 pair of coarse boots; at the end of the year, the $50 he presented to 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 629 
 
 his mother, which enabled her to pay off the last claim against her 
 farm of 70 acres. The paying of this money, he is wont to say, gave 
 him more pleasure at the time than anything he had ever done. 
 After this he farmed his mother's place until he was 53 years of 
 age, when he was married to Miss Elizabeth Wise, a daughter of 
 John Wise. The ceremony was performed in Feburary, 1835. The 
 young couple immediately mbved to Belvidere, N. J., where he 
 followed teaiiiiug and contracting for hauling sand for the bridge 
 across the Delaware river at Belvidere: he contracted and hauled 
 all the sand used in making this bridge. The fall of this year he 
 came to Michigan to view the country, taking some eight weeks for 
 the trip, and on the 3Sth of April, 1836, he and his wife with 1 child, 
 left NewJersey, taking their household goods, which were hauled by 
 a team of horses for tlie West. This was their conveyance as far as 
 Cleveland, when they crossed the lake by steamer and landed in 
 Detroit the 23d of May, 1836; from Detroit they drove to Pontiac, 
 where they remained only a short time. A'ery soon Mr. Yan Atta 
 bought 120 acres of land in Oakland county ; it was a complete wil- 
 derness and unimproved. He immediately erected a log house, into 
 which he moved his family. He lived on this farm four years, 
 during which time he improved 60 acres. 
 
 During the first fall he lived here, 500 Indians encamped about 
 one mile from his house. The Indians were very much excited and 
 made threats of massacre, on account of some of their number 
 being killed in the vicinity the year previous; some 30 or 40 of the 
 neighbors collected at a Mr. Petty 's house for safety, barricading the 
 same, organizing in military manner. Jacob W. Petty, now of Law- 
 rence Kansas, was elected Captain, 'and Mr. Yan Atta was elected 
 Lieutenant. The siege lasted only one night, but it was a terrible one 
 to the inmates of that log house, determined though they were to 
 defend their families and their lives to the last extremity, still 
 expecting to be overpowered and murdered by the savages. 
 
 During Mr. Yan Atta's residence at this place he was elected Con- 
 stable, which was no sinecure office in those days, as the country was 
 infested with counterfeiters, horse thieves and other desperadoes — 
 men who had given notice they could not be taken alive, so that it 
 required a man of courage and nerve to attempt to bring them to 
 justice. Mr. Yan Atta filled this office with credit to himself and 
 satisfaction to the community, and on one occasion arrested unas- 
 sisted one of the worst of the desperadoes. The aid or assistant he 
 had along deserted him at the last moment, but he landed his pris- 
 oner safely in jail. 
 
 In 1839 he sold his farm and moved to Washtenaw county, 
 where he has lived ever since. He first lived in Northfield town- 
 ship, where he bought a farm. In this township he lived four years, 
 during which time he served one year as the Assessor and one year 
 as Treasurer of the town. In lSi3 he had sold out all his landed 
 estate in the county and bought a farm near Chicago, 111., but sold 
 it the following fall at a profit, when lie bought the farm in Salem tp., 
 
630 . HISTOKY OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 
 
 where he now resides, then consisting of 160 acres, and now consists 
 of 320 acres, all joining. The homestead is one of the finest im- 
 proved in the county, the house costing $4,000, with fine grounds 
 surrounding, the out-buildings costing nearly $3,000. 
 
 Mr. Van Atta and wife have had a family of 11 children : Abigail, 
 who married S. Marion Smith; Margaret,.who married Amos Lewis; 
 she is now a widow; Hamilton, who married Caroline Smith; he is 
 now deceased; Sarah M., who married Perry Austin; G-eorge S., 
 married Adda Wells; Caroline A., who married Frank Oven- 
 shire; James A., who married Jane Murray; Ann Eliza, who married 
 David Farley; Mary C, who married David Perkins; Emma J. 
 who married Erastus Perkins; JohnW., who married Phoebe Mur- 
 ray. Of this large family Mr. Van Atta may well be proud, all 
 being comfortably and nicely settled. Mr. Van Atta may be said to 
 be a self-made man, having on his arrival in Michigan only about 
 $300 in property, but with plenty of pluck and energy to push his 
 fortunes. He has served in many positions, among which in an 
 eai-ly da}' was as member and Treasurer of the Vigilance Commit- 
 tee. During the war of the great Rebellion probablj^ no man in 
 Salem was as prominent in securing recruits for, and raising war 
 funds in aid of, the Union cause. He was appointed by the town- 
 ship, in public assembly, to attend the State Legislature and further 
 a bill legalizing bounties voted, and giving power to tax for war 
 purposes by the township board, which was_faithfully and well ac- 
 complished. 
 
 Mr .Van Atta is a Democrat and has served his township in various 
 ofiices, among which are Constable and Treasurer two years, Justice 
 of Peace for short term, when he resigned, etc., etc. During the 
 war Mr. Van Atta paid $1,700 in cash for war purposes and put in 
 two substitutes. 
 
 Mr. V. has been a worthy and faithful member of the M . 
 E. Church since 1812, and was a Steward of that body for 21 years. 
 Mrs. V. is also a member of the same organization. 
 
 Mr. Van Atta's portrait is given in this volume. 
 
 John W. YansicMe is an old and honored citizen of Salem tp. 
 He was born in Hunterdon. Mass., Sept. 15, 1787. He was a 
 soldier in the war of 1812, a private in the New York militia, 
 serving one term, passing most of the time as guard along the 
 banks of the Niagara river. He now draws a pension for his hon- 
 orable services. He came to Michigan and located land within the 
 limits of the now Salem, tp., in 1831; also entei'ed land in Plym- 
 outh tp., Wayne Co., but never located there. June 5, 1818, he 
 married Mary Bogart, and 3 children were born to them, 2 of 
 whom are living — Martin B. and Leah A., widow of Hiram B. 
 Towsey, who died Jan. 11, 1871, aged .51 years. Mrs. Vansickle 
 died in March, 1826. Mr. V. again married, Dec, 1828, to Susan 
 Dickerson. Four children were born to this union, 2 of whom 
 are living — George S., born Sept. 11, 1843, and Dec. 4, 1872, mar- 
 ried Jennie A. Thayer, who was born in Wayne Co., Mich., Dec. 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 631 
 
 16, 1S43. They have 1 child, Harry G., born Sept. 1, 1876. Will- 
 iam D. is a resident of Wayne Co., Mich.; Charles and John 
 are deceased. Mrs. Vansickle died July 20, 1853. Mr. Yan- 
 sickle has been a member of the Northville Presbyterian Church for 
 over half a century. Politically he is a Republican. Mr. Vansickle 
 has attained to his 93d year. The vicissitudes of nearly a century, 
 intermingled with the labors and trying scenes of pioneer life, have 
 weighted down his shoulders and whitened his venerable locks, and 
 soon he will be numbered with those who have passed to the other 
 side. 
 
 ^1. L. Walker, M. D., Salem, was born in Salem tp., Washte- 
 naw Co., Aug. 7, 1839. His parents were Eliakim and Nancy 
 Walker, who came to this county in 1834. Dr. Walker was reared 
 on a farm and educated at the Ypsilanti Seminary. In 1864 he 
 began reading medicine with Dr. Albertson, of Detroit, where he 
 remained one year. He then attended a course of lectures in the 
 medical department of the University of Michigan, and was subse- 
 quently a student at the Cleveland Homceopathic Medical College, 
 from whicli he graduated Feb. 14, 1869. The same year he returned 
 to Salem tp., and began the practice of his profession. Dr. Walker 
 is a member of the Township Board of Health, and a member of 
 the Masonic fraternity. Politically he is a Republican. October 
 27, 1867, he was married to Jane A. Walker. They have 3 
 children — Nina U., Otis H. and Tisdale S. Mrs. Walker was born 
 in this county July 29, 1844. Her parents, Otis H. and Sarah 
 Walker, were natives of New York. Dr. Walker owns a good farm 
 of 74 acres in sec. 13. 
 
 Eliahim Walker (deceased), one of Washtenaw's early pioneers, 
 was born in Taunton, Mass., Feb. 6, 1801. He removed to Ontario 
 county, N. Y.. with his parents, in 1805, where he was reared and 
 educated. He was married Sept. 18, 1823, to Nancy Wheeler, a na- 
 tive of Ontario county, N. Y., born June 14, 1802. To them were born 
 9 children, 3 of whom are now living, and all lived to maturity. 
 Their names are as follows: Nancy J., born Aug. 22, 1824, and 
 married to Benjamin Hicks; she died April 18, 1847; Cliloe E., 
 born April 22, 1826, and married William Thurber; she died 
 Oct. 20, 1870: Emily C. J., born Dec. 29, 1827, and married 
 George Renwick ; she died April 17, 1874; E. T., whose biography is 
 on the next page; Amy A., born Oct. 17, 1831, and married 
 James Harmon; she died Oct. 7, 1856; George W., born Feb. 2, 
 1834, and died 'April 3,1864; Mary J. N., born May 10,1837, 
 and died Feb. 26, 1862; Maria A., born Sept. 7, 1842, and married 
 A. F. Yan Atta, whose sketch is given on page 628. This family 
 were very noted singers; George W., Mary J. and Amy A. were 
 members of the renowned -'Walker Family Concert Troupe'' who 
 traveled through Iowa, Indiana, Missouri, Wisconsin, Michigan, 
 Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Canada, occupying about six 
 years in all. Mr. Walker and family removed to Michigan in 1835 
 
632 HIBTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and settled in Salem tp., where he lived till his death, April 30, 
 1865. 
 
 E. T. Walker, one of the prominent and active men of Salem 
 township, was born in Ontario county, N. Y., Aug. 13, 1829. His 
 parents were Eliakim and Nancy Walker, the former a native of 
 Massachusetts, and the latter of Ontario county, IST. Y. His parents 
 removed to Salem, "Washtenaw Co., in 1834, and located on sec. 
 16. His father died in April, 1865. His mother is still living. Mr. 
 Walker passed his early life in the primeval forests of Salem, at- 
 tending only the common schools, which then were not noted for 
 their excellence. Mr. Walker was engaged in grain and produce 
 dealing at Salem Station for about five years, and six years as dry- 
 goods merchant. He is now the director of the grange store at 
 Salem Station, which does a good cash business. He is one of the 
 prominent leaders in the grange enterprise of that place. Mr. 
 Walker is the owner of a farm of 160 acres on sec. 17, all finely 
 improved. Mr. Walker was married Oct. 17, 1853 to Miss Isadore 
 Hamm, daughter of Ida and Mary A. Hamm, natives of, Vermont 
 and New York respectively. Mrs. Walker is a native of Salem, 
 born March 25, 1835. Mr. Walker held the office of Justice of the 
 Peace one term. In politics he is a Democrat. He is one of 
 the thorough business men of Salem, and is President of the 
 Washtenaw County Agricultural Society. 
 
 S. A. Waterman, an enterprising farmer of Salem, was born 
 July 25, 1846. His parents, John and Harriet Waterman, were 
 natives of Surryshire, England. His father was born June 4, 
 1805, and his mother, Sept. 25, 1S04. They married in England 
 July 24, 1827, and emigrated to America in 1832,- and settled in 
 Hudson, N. Y., where they lived some two years; then came toWayne 
 county, Mich., and after three j'ears' residence there they came 
 to Salem, where they settled and purchased a farm on sec. 3, on 
 which they lived until 1872, when they removed to Northville, 
 where they still reside. July 4, 1877, they celebrated their golden 
 wedding. Mr. Waterman, the subject of this sketch, was reared on 
 a farm, and received a common-school education. Dec. 27, 1871, 
 he was married to Miss Lydia Stanbro, daughter of Samuel and 
 Sarah Stanbro, natives of New York. Mrs. Waterman was born 
 in Salem June 12, 1847. This union was blessed with 1 child, 
 Dawn Ethel, born Jan. 9, 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Waterman are 
 members of the Congregational Church. In politics Mr. W. is a 
 true Kepublican. He owns a farm of 80 acres on sec. 3, a part of 
 the original homestead. 
 
 Zevi Westfall (deceased) was born Jan. 18, 1813, and was 
 married to Mary A. Smith, daughter of Peter and Betsey Smith. 
 She was born in Seneca county, N. Y., July 24, 1814. They liad 
 2 children, Jane E., born April 21, 1 84-, and now wife of Geo. 
 E. ISIorthrop; Lewis C. is deceased. Mr. Westfall and family 
 removed to Wayne county, Mich., in 1881, and in 1839 he came 
 into Salem tp., where he lived six years, then returned to Wayne 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 633 
 
 county, where he lived till 1855, when he purchased land in Salem 
 tp., and moved on to it, where he lived till his death, June 8, 1866. 
 He was a member of the Masonic order for many years. He left 
 a farm of 14Y acres on sec. 9. | Mrs. Westfall's parents were among 
 the early pioneers of Wayne conntv, Mich. Her father was born in 
 May, 1780. 
 
 Hon. Calvin Wlieeler, of Salem tp., was born in Livingston Co., 
 N. Y., Jan. 28, 1806. He is a son of Aaron and Sarah (Roberts) 
 Wheeler, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of 
 Pennsylvania. Mr. Wheeler died in 1833, at the age of 63, and his 
 wife followed him in 1863, at the advanced age of 84 years. Calvin 
 was educated in his native State, and in 1830 came to Washtenaw 
 county, located land on sections 10 and 11, of Salem tp., where he 
 has since resided. Mr. Wheeler was married in New York in 1829, 
 to Ahnira Smith, who was born at Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y., 
 March 10, 1808, and daughter of Daniel and Diadama Smith. In 
 1831 Mr. Wheeler removed his family to this State. At the time 
 of the Toledo war, he raised a company of about 50 men, and was 
 elected their Captain. They came as far as Ann Arbor, where Mr. 
 Wheeler left them on account of illness in his family. They were 
 soon after disbanded. Mr. Wheeler was one of the first Assessors 
 of Salem tp., after its organization, and has held every township 
 office, except constable. In 1851 he was elected to represent 
 Washtenaw county in the Michigan Legislature. During the ses- 
 sion of which he was a member, the laws conformatory to the new 
 Constitution were passed. In 1872 Mr. W.was appointed Postmaster 
 of Salem Station, which office he still fills. For eight years he was 
 station agent of the D., L. & N. R. R., at the same place. Seven 
 children were born to Mr. Wheeler, five of whom are living — 
 George S., a prominent politician and merchant at Salem Station ; 
 Elizabeth, wife of Charles Ryder; she is now a widow since Sept., 
 1878; Almira, wife of Hiram B. Thayer, of Wayne Co., Mich.; 
 Stephen C, a farmer of Salem tp. ; Daniel Webster, a farmer of Sa- 
 lem tp.; Aaron C. died at the ageof four years; and Mary C, after 
 passing one year upon this earth. Mrs. Wheeler died March 16, 
 1872, and October 10, 1872, Mr. Wheeler married Hannah Wheeler, 
 daughter of Benjamin Wheeler (deceased). 
 
 George 8. Wheeler, a prominent merchant of Salem, was born in 
 Livingston county, N. Y., April 22, 1830, and came to this county 
 with his father's family (Calvin Wheeler), in the fall of 1831. 
 He passed his early years on his father's farm, receiving during 
 this time the advantages for acquiring an education afforded by the 
 common schools of his neighborhood. At the age of 18 years he 
 attended Cochran's Academy at ISTorthfield for about two years, 
 the following year the Ypsilanti Academy, when he entered Greg- 
 ory's Commercial College at Detroit, where he graduated in the 
 spring of 1851, then being 21 years of age. At this time he adopted 
 teaching as a profession, taking charge of a select school at Eu- 
 gene, Ind., for one year, during the same year reading law as a stu- 
 
634 HISTORY or AVASHTENAW CODNTV. 
 
 dent in the office of Judge Soles; returning to this county he taught 
 school for about two years, during which time he was married to 
 Miss Maria F. Thayer on Dec. 27, 1854. She was born in 
 Wayne county, Mich., July 6, 1829. The spring following he with 
 his wife moved on to a farm at Green Oak, Livingston county, 
 Mich; here he lived eight years, serving three years of the time as 
 Supervisor of the tp. Aug. 27, 1862, he enlisted in Co. D, 5th 
 Mich. Cavalry, to serve in the war of the Rebellion for three years, 
 and was chosen 1st. Lieutenant. He served in that capacity until 
 April, 1863, when he received an honorable discharge. He then re- 
 turned home and engaged in the boot and shoe business at Ann Ar- 
 bor for three years. In 1866 he was appointed Deputy County 
 Treasurer, serving two years, in the meantime attending one course 
 of lectures in the law department of Michigan University. In 
 the spring of 1868 he was elected Superintendent of Schools for 
 Washtenaw countj^ in which capacity he served six years During 
 his incumbency of above office in 1873 he established his present 
 business as a general merchant at Salem in company with Warren 
 E. Pray, and in Dec, 1879, bought out Mr. Pray's interest, since 
 which time he has operated the business alone. Mr. Wheeler is a 
 Kepublican in politics and hasserved Salem township in various local 
 offices, among which are Superintendent of Schools and Supervisor 
 for years; was also a candidate on the Pepublican ticket for State 
 Senator in 1876, but was defeated. Mr. Wheeler is very pleasantly 
 situated at Salem. They have had a family of 2 children, Fred C, 
 born Nov. 2, 1868, and Charles T. (deceased). Mr. and Mrs. W. are 
 members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 Stephen C. Wheeler, son of Calvin and Almira Wheeler, was 
 born in Salem tp., Sept. 24, 1835. He was reared to manhood on a 
 farm, and Aug. 21, 1862, enlisted in Co. D., 5th Michigan Cavalry, 
 under Captain Simon and Gen. Sheridan. He participated in sev- 
 eral serious engagements, and during the winter of 1864 in afield 
 hospital. He was honorably discharged June 22, 1865, and after 
 returning home, engaged in farming, which business he has since 
 followed with fine success. He was married Dec. 27, 1866, to Mary 
 C. Kingsley, born in Wayne county, Mich., Dec. 29, 1843, and 
 daughter of Stephen Kingsley, an old pioneer of Wayne couTity. 
 Mr. Kingsley served as a soldier in the Mich. Vol. Inf., and died in 
 the Soldier's Hospital at Louisville, Ky., Aug. 20, 1864. Mrs. 
 Kingsley has since married D. B. Pathburn. They have 1 child, 
 Arthur C., born Nov. 23, 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler are earnest 
 members of the regular Baptist Church. In politics Mr. Wheeler is 
 Republican. He owns a farm of 80 acres on section 13. 
 
 Royal Wheelock. The subject of this sketch was born in West 
 Blobinfield, Ontario Co., N. Y., on the 15th of April, 1801. He 
 came to Michigan in the fall of the year 1825, and located a farm 
 on sees. 24 and 25, Salem tp., on what has since been known as 
 " Wheelock's Plains." This location was one of the very first in 
 this township. He did not, however, settle on his land till in the 
 
SALEM TOWNSHIP. 
 
 635 
 
 year 1827. On that farm he lived from that time till his death. 
 In 1829 he was appointed Justice of the Peace for Washtenaw 
 county, by Lewis Cass, then Grovernur of Michigan Territory. This 
 office he held for many consecutive terms. Aug. 5, 1832, he was 
 united in marriage with Mary A. Pinckney, daughter of Joseph and 
 Mary Pinckney, of New York. Mrs. Wheelock is a native of Sulli- 
 van county, N. Y., and was born July 25, 1814. To this union 6 chil- 
 dren were born, viz.: Louisa M., born May 3, 1833, now wife of 
 Geo. Root; Sarah A., born July 26, 1836, and now wife of Tunis 
 Carson; Mary M., born April 7, 1835, and now wife of Wm. Mur- 
 ray; Lydia E. (deceased); Chas. P., born Sept. 29, 1841, and April 
 12, 1870, married Sarah Sheldon, a native of Wayne county, Mich., 
 born June 6, 1849. 
 
NORTHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Washtenaw county offers subjects to the historian at once exten- 
 sive and interesting. Perhaps in all the municipal divisions there 
 is not one that excels JS^orthlield in its connection with the history 
 of the county. Here, in years gone by, old Okeraos held his bar- 
 barous court and received his chivalrous and erratic neighbor, Pee- 
 wy-tuni. In the dim past the aboriginal hunters assembled to 
 clear a portion of their hunting-grounds, and gave a large tract of 
 their primeval forest to the flames, so that the plain thus formed 
 might be the future meeting ground of the tribal braves. In after 
 years, at a time within the recollection of the first settlers, the In- 
 dians assembled periodically here to carry out the ceremonies at- 
 tendant on the observance of the White Dog Feast, and perhaps 
 to sacrifice a dastard brave or sinning squaw on the altar of hon- 
 or's god. 
 
 In 1823 Benjamin Sutton arrived on this beautiful Indian camp- 
 ing-ground, and in May, 1824, located the southwest quarter of 
 section 35, and the east half of the southeast quarter of section 34, 
 in what is now known as the township of Northfield. Toward the 
 fall of the year a log cabin was erected by him, and the first steps 
 were taken to convert that portion of the lovely wilderness into 
 fertile fields. He was the pioneer. 
 
 In April, 1828, the first house destined for the purposes of edu- 
 cation was erected there, but was not tenanted until May, 1829, 
 when Miss Miranda Leland was appointed teacher. In September, 
 1829, a spelling and debating school was projected, and the follow- 
 ing year a Sunday-school was organized by Mr. Mnrrell and pre- 
 sided over by Miss Parmelia Leland. 
 
 The first drove of cattle brought into the township was that pur- 
 chased in Ohio, by Benjamin Sutton, in 1831. The second drove 
 was purchased by him in Illinois, in 1832. This enterprise was 
 attended with signal success. It conferred great benefits upon the 
 new settlers, who then began to gather round the log house of the 
 Sutton family, yielded some profit to the originator, and won for 
 him the honor of being the first business man, as well as the pio- 
 neer of North field. 
 
 THE FATHEB OF THE FIRST BRIDE. 
 
 Isaac Secord, in 1828, came to this township from Pontiac. He 
 had a large family of small children. His wife was younger than 
 himself and seemed more of a religious turn of mind. 
 
 (636) 
 
^Od^ 
 
NORTHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 639 
 
 About 1832 or 1833, after the Mormons had undertaken to evan- 
 gelize the world, they sent some apostles to this neighborhood, and 
 by their preaching poor Mrs. Secord's eyes were opened, and she 
 saw the necessity of believing; and one cold winter day, near where 
 now stands the Methodist Church, a hole was cut through the ice 
 in a small pond or bayou, and the poor woman was immersed, be- 
 lieving from the •' bottom of her soul" that the Mormon doctrine 
 was tlie sure way to heaven. 
 
 Mr. Secord was a hunter. His trusty rifle was his constant com- 
 panion. When hunting he was always alone, and guarded well his 
 footsteps. Not a quiver of a leaf or motion of grass could escape 
 his notice. An Indian he regarded as a thing of the woods. An 
 adventure is told of him which serves to illustrate his character. 
 Some time during the last war with England, Secord and his fam- 
 ily resided in Canada. He was marching as a soldier in company 
 with whites and Indians. On their way they passed by a thick 
 clnmp of bushes. Secord took occasion to stop a mosnent, and as 
 soon as he thought he could do it safely, made his way to the 
 States. 
 
 Feeling lonely, he undertook the task of getting his family, and 
 also acted as a spy from this side of the line. He acted with great 
 caution, but was soon discovered. To escape was impossible, and 
 to secrete himself was risky. He withdrew in true soldier-like 
 order to an eminence in the open country, and there laid on his 
 arms for two days in the grass. From this position he could see 
 the soldiers and Indians hunting for him. As soon as they disap- 
 peared, he returned to the States, leaving liis family to their fate. 
 He had not been here long before they attempted to come. They 
 were followed by soldiers with the expectation of falling in with 
 him. On their way, in crossing the river Thames, a little daugh- 
 ter was born. She was named Joanna. They settled nearPontiac 
 and remained there until they came here. From the circumstances 
 which surrounded Joanna, her education could not be properly at- 
 tended to. She grew to be a young woman and was married to 
 William Jackson, at her father's house, in the month of June, 1830, 
 by Judge Wilcoxen, of Ann Arbor. This was the first marriage in 
 this town. 
 
 SETTLEMENT AND OEGANIZATION. 
 
 The story of the settlement and organization of this township has 
 been often told by the first settler, Mr. Benj. Sutton, nor has his 
 brother, Hon. Geo. Sutton, allowed the interesting history of his 
 township to lie hidden. Tliroughout a long and useful life, he has 
 not neglected his duty in this respect, and this historical sketch of 
 North&eld is taken mainly from his paper, bearing evidence of great 
 research on the part of Mr. Sutton. He states that in June, 1830, 
 in company with his father and mother, brother Isaac and his wife, 
 sister Nixon and her husband, and their two daughters, they ar- 
 
 39 
 
640 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 rived at the house of Benjamin Sutton, in the town of Northfield. 
 At this time Northfield and other townships north of range 84 east, 
 belonged to Ann Arbor for municipal purposes. The sun was set- 
 ting in the west with its golden tinged canopy. The cattle and 
 horses came up to be yarded for the night ; tlie mosquitoes were 
 holding a carnival in the open air to the annoyance of the poor 
 bovines, and sheep had to be put in folds for safety from wolves. 
 Benjamin Sutton bought his farm from the general Government in 
 the year 1824, and had lived here about 6 years. His family con- 
 sisted of wife and 6 children, one or two of whom had been born 
 here. The eldest was about 18 or 19 years old. He lived in a 
 double log house one and a half stories high. The logs were 
 hewn inside and out, and there was only one chimney, and that was 
 built of sticks, and mortar made of clay. The fire place was very 
 large. It was then and for several years thereafter the custom to 
 cook biscuit in bake kettles. The flour or meal was mixed with 
 saleratus and buttermilk, then molded out in rolls and put in an 
 iron bake-kettle. The kettle was put between hot coals and the 
 bread or biscuit baked, and then served on the table with wild honey 
 and fried deer steak. This was the first supper in Northfield. 
 
 THE FIRST NEWSPAPER 
 
 was the Emigrant^ a paper published in Ann Arbor by Samuel 
 W. Dexter, of Dexter village. It was Anti-Masonic in principle, 
 and was the only county paper in circulation here for many years. 
 It supported Hon. William Wirt for president. 
 
 OEGANIO. 
 
 The fall or winter of 1832, the people of Northfield, and the ad- 
 joining town north, in their wisdom thought they had been associ- 
 ated long enough in muncipal government, and felt anxious to 
 separate. Accordingly a meeting was called at Mr. Sutton's 
 house, and measures of secession were agreed upon. A petition 
 was drawn up and signed, asking the Legislative Council to pass an 
 enabling act for self-government. The act was passed during the 
 following winter, and they were authorized to form a government 
 of their own, to be called ITorthfield. The next spring township 
 officers were chosen. A call was made for a nominating caucus, 
 to be held at the house of Harry Seymour, at Whitmore lake. The 
 meeting was called to order and a chairman and secretary selected. 
 The first man nominated for Supervisor was Rufus Matthews. 
 Steven Lee being president, appeared to be very much excited at 
 the name of Mr. Matthews. He jumped up on a large stump 
 standing in the yard, and offered a resolution, that all the Anti-Ma- 
 sons should withdraw, and make out a ticket to be supported at 
 the coming election. A good many went with Mr. Lee, and an 
 Anti-Masonic ticket was presented for the suffrage of the people 
 
NORTH FIELD TOWNSHIP. 64:1 
 
 of Northtield at their first township meeting, and by that act two 
 tickets were placed in the field at the first township meeting held 
 on the first Monday in April in the year 1833. The records show 
 that the election was held at the house of Benjamin Sutton, and that 
 Rufus Matthews was chosen moderator, and Geo. Sutton clerk pro 
 tern. A. F. Shoff and James Barr were elected clerks, and J. Gr. 
 Leland justice of the peace, which formed the board. The follow- 
 ing officers were elected for the ensuing year; John Renwick, Su- 
 pervisor; Geo. Sutton, Township Clerk; Frederick Smith, Gilbert 
 A. Gardner, and Abijah Shoff, Assessors; Nicholas Groves, and 
 Joseph Lora, Overseers of the Poor; Philander Murray, Asahel 
 Hubbard, and Joseph Lora, Commissioners of Highway; Joshua G. 
 Leland, Abijah F. Shoff, and Asahel Hubbard, Committee on Schools; 
 Gilbert A. Gardner, Frederick Smith, and Thomas J. Tettis, 
 School Inspectors; Thomas J. Tettis, Marvel Secord, Constables. 
 
 PHYSICAL CHAKACTERISTIC8. 
 
 When Benjamin Sutton arrived in the township it was purely an 
 oak-opening district; since that period extensive clearings have 
 been made, the beautiful oaks which dotted the land have almost 
 disappeared, except at long intervals, and then only where the trans- 
 mutor possessed sufiicient taste to admire them, and let them stand 
 as so many relics of the outgoing past. In tracts not yet reclaimed 
 may be found forests of sapling oaks. The creeks and streamlets 
 of the township are numerous and insignificant, yet sufiicient to 
 afford many advantages, the absence of which would be fruitful of 
 trouble to the agriculturist. 
 
 The lakes comprise Horse Shoe on sections 8 and 17, Whitmore 
 lake, covering two-thirds of section 5, Dead lake on section 6, Mud 
 lake and its feeding springs in section 4, and Jack lake in sections 
 10 and 11. These lakes are all in the northern sections, and are 
 supplied by streams flowing from the southeast. 
 
 Almost the entire surface of Northfield is level with a dip to the 
 northwest, interspersed with numerous lakes and marshes. The 
 inhabitants have shown a great perseverance in constructing open 
 ditches which drain the marshes, and lower the water in the lakes, 
 thus adding very materially to the health of the town. It is esti- 
 mated there are about 40 miles of open drains constructed. The 
 products of the land are wheat. Indian corn, oats, barley, hay and 
 potatoes. The inhabitants of Northfield, from the first settlement, 
 with a small beginning, have exhibited a strong propensity to im- 
 prove their condition, and acquire comfortable homes. Many of 
 them left their " Father Land " to seek a home in the West. From 
 the disadvantages that the people have suffered, having small 
 means and the hardship of pioneer life, they can now congratulate 
 themselves in having good and comfortable homes. 
 
642 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Iron ore is found near the surface of the ground on the farm ot 
 F. S. Chapin, covering 15 or 20 acres of land; also on land owned 
 by Anson Wheeler, on the old Keenan farm. The soil where the 
 ore is found is of a yellowish hue. Mica is found on the farm ot 
 John George Gerlach. 
 
 CHAEACTEEISTICS. 
 
 The people of Northiield from the earliest settlements have ex- 
 hibited a strong desire for educational and social enjoyment. 
 Soon after the town was organized it was divided into school 
 districts. School-houses were erected, and were soon occupied with 
 teachers and pupils, and many of them grew up to fill important 
 positions in society. •" If the highlands produce poets," tlie people 
 of the lowlands of Northfield can congratulate themselves on pro- 
 ducing men of literary tastes and abilities. Judge L. Horrigan.of 
 Memphis, Tenn., received a common-school education at the 
 Sutton school-house in Northfield. Dr. John Kapp, Mayor of Ann 
 Arbor, and his brother. Dr. C. Kapp, of Manchester, and Dr. H. 
 Shurtlefit", at the same place. Prof. T. Howard, of Notre Dame Col- 
 lege. Indiana, at the Sliaw school-house, and his brother, John 
 Howard, at the same school. They afterward graduated at the 
 Michigan University and became noted as lawyers and bankers at 
 Memphis. P. McKernan, now circuit court commissioner, re- 
 ceived his primary education at the Multoph school-house. Col. 
 John Sessions, of Ann Arbor, received his first impression of a 
 common-school education in Northfield;and Green Oak. Dr. Dolen, 
 of Lansing, and his brother now in college, attended school at the 
 Moe school-house. Capt. P. Beahan, deceased, and John and Will- 
 iam Cuthbert, of Chicago, went to school at Multoph Corners. 
 Miss Shanahon, afterward known as " Madamoiselle de Isabell," 
 was a scholar at the same school-house. Col. William Stevens was 
 a student at Whitmore Lake, and Capt. Leland, deceased, received 
 his primary education at the Leland school-house. 
 
 Dr. John Cuthbert, a " gentleman of the old school," who had 
 received a liberal education in Ireland, purchased a farm in North- 
 field. In the year 1836 he came on with his family. The Doctor 
 lived a retired life; books and authors were his constant com- 
 panions. He tilled a small farm more for amusement than profit, 
 and died in the year I860. The doctor was a first cousin of John 
 Mitchell, the Irish patriot, on his mother's side. 
 
 NEW IRELAND. 
 
 In the year 1831-'2 a few enterprising men who had left their 
 homes in the " Green Isle," settled in the town. Father Kelly 
 came the same year, and with the assistance of his few church peo- 
 ple and Isaac Dickee, erected a log church on section 29. Mr. Sut- 
 
NOETHFIBLD TOWNSHIP. 643 
 
 ton is happy to have it in his power to record the names of all those 
 who contributed by their own hands in erecting this log edifice to 
 the worship of the meek and lowly Savior. They were John Keenan, 
 William Prindle, "William Stubs, John McKej-nan, Philip McKer- 
 nan, John Sullivan, Michael Portal, John Mclntyre, Michael 
 Bennett, Peter Smith, Michael JSTeligan, Patrick Walsh, Michael 
 Walsh, Patrick Donavin and Bryan Galligan. 
 
 THE TRUE PIONEEES. 
 
 The old settlers of Northfield as far back as 1833 comprise 
 Eobert Appleton, Daniel B. Appleton, David Austin, Isaac Apple- 
 ton, Hugh Alexander, Gardner Bird, Ammon Blain, Orange Brown, 
 Abraham Bennett, Ki chard Berry, Micheel Bennett, Henry Busen- 
 bark, Abis Brundage, Samuel Botsford, Jabez Beach, James Barr, 
 Isaac Burhans, Amos Curran, Henry Conlen, Martin Connors, 
 Edward Cummesky, John Carlau, Chauncy Childs, Casey Thomas, 
 Cary, Oliver Carpenter,'^Benjamin Curtis, E. B. Carnish, Sale 
 Cranson, Stephen Dexter, Sherman Dix, Elias Dean, William 
 Deats, Geo. W. Dexter, Isaac Decker, Guy Earl, Patrick Gibney, 
 Nicholas Groves, Byron Galligan, Gilbert A. Gardner, Elihu 
 Gunison, Keal Hoisington, J. B. Hammond, Thos. Hannon, Rogers 
 Hadigan, John Herst, Calvin Holmes, K. J. Haywood, Orrin 
 Jeffords, William Jackson, John Keenan, Sewell Knowlton, Elijah 
 Carr, Razor Levan, Reuben Lafevour, J. G. Leiand, William Lemon, 
 Steven Lee, Joseph Lowree, Nathan Leiand, Mainard Malby, Elijah 
 Marsh, Michael Madison, David Meach, Ephraim Meach, Harry 
 Meach, Steward Moe, Thomas McKernan, Ross McKernan, Phillip 
 McKernan, John'McKernan, Elam Moe, Alva Moe, Rufus Mat- 
 thews, Philander Murray, James Maroney, Daniel Maroney, John- 
 Mclntyre, Robert Nelson, Michael Neligan, Gov. Bingham, T. 
 Ohnstead, Thomas Pettis, Nehemiah Pain, Arnold Pain, Warren 
 Parker, Charles Place, William Prindle, Jolm Ren wick, Barney 
 Roncy, Garret Rosenkrans, Michael Rouch, Patrick Roe, Fredrick 
 Smith, Isaac Smith, Manly Smith, John Starkweather, John Pattee, 
 Michael Stubs, Benjamin Sutton, Peter Smith, Nathan Sutton, Sr., 
 George Sutton, Isaac R. Sutton, Wm. S. Sherman, Marvel Secord, 
 Isaac Secord, Robert Shankland, Sidney Smith, Orange Towsly, 
 Tuttle, Aaron Van Atta, Hugh Yaughan, Leonard Waldron, Pat- 
 rick Walsh, Michael Walsh, Daniel Williams, E. Wood worth. Chris- 
 tian Zook, A. F. Sch off, George Sessions, Hanson Sessions, Sam- 
 uel Bird, James Kennedy, Michael Stubbs, Elias Dean, Orrison-. 
 Leiand, Dr. N. H. Halleck, Harris Semour. 
 
 The following sketch of one of the early settlers of Northfield 
 was written by the Hon. John Renwick, a few years previous to 
 his death. He states therein, " The first impression I had of the 
 
644 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 township of Northfield was in traveling through the south part of 
 the town on the old Indian trail from Plymouth to Ann Arbor, in 
 the year 1827. The township was in a state of nature except what 
 was settled by Benjamin Sutton and Moses Allen. Mr. Benjamin 
 Sutton was the pioneer of the town, having settled on his farm in 
 1824. He cut his way from the River Eouge. Mr. Sutton possessed 
 all the requirements of the pioneer. First a strong robust consti- 
 tution, a quick, deserving, and intellectual mind and a perseverance 
 that never faltered. He was a man of uncommon hospitality. 
 His house was a home for all the pioneers that passed into that sec- 
 tion of the country. Such was the man, strong-minded and calcu- 
 lated to be admired in any society, none were above him, and few 
 his equal." 
 
 As has been stated, the township was organized in 1832. The 
 ollowingis a copy of the Legislative enactment: 
 
 An act to set off and organize the township of Northfield iu the county of 
 Washtenaw . 
 
 Section 1. Be it enacted hy the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan, 
 That all that part of the township of Ann Arbor, bounded on the east by the town- 
 ship of Panama, on the south by the township line running east and west, between , 
 towns one and two south, of range six east, and on the west and north, by the pres- 
 ent boundaries of the township of Ann Arbor, in that part lying north of said line 
 between said towns one and two south, be and the same is hereby sot off into a sep- 
 arate township, and the name thereof shall be Northfield. 
 
 Sec . 2 . That the first township meeting to be held in said township shall be held 
 at the dwelling-house of Benjamin Sutton. 
 
 Sec. y. That this act shall take effect from and after the last day of March, 1833. 
 
 AN INTKODUCTION TO A FEW PIONEERS. 
 
 Hon. Joiin Ren wick was born iu the State of Kew York, of Eng- 
 lish parents. He received a common-school education; was mar- 
 ried to Miss Eliza Pratt, and emigrated to Northfield in 1827, and 
 died in 1866, leaving a wife and four children, tlis wife survived 
 him two or three years. Mr. Renwick was too fond of reading and 
 social enjoyment to be a very successful farmer, yet he acquired an 
 ample fortune. His hospitality was liberal and generous, and no 
 one went from his door wanting. lie was fond of light reading — 
 Cooper was his " ideal." Mr. Renwick was wholly imbued with 
 American ideas. In politics he admired Henry Clay. His motto 
 was " Circumstances make the man." He held several positions 
 in the township as supervisor, town clerk, etc., and was elected once 
 or twice to the State Legislature, which he filled with ability and 
 honor. 
 
 Hon. Michael Stubbs resided here some time previous to 1830, 
 and owned what is now known as the Thomas Fohey farm. Mr. 
 Stubbs was elected one of the delegates to the Territorial Conven- 
 tion from Washtenaw county, which began in the city of Detroit, 
 May 2, 1835. He was elected by the Democratic party who took 
 the position that all who were in the Territory at the time of form- 
 ing the constitution preparatory to being admitted to the Union, as 
 
NORTHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 645 
 
 a free and sovereign State should be considered inhabitants of said 
 State of Michigan, and should be eligible to vote at future State 
 elections. Mr. Stubbs was an ardent supporter of that doctrine, 
 and contributed largely to promulgate it. Some few years after- 
 ward Mr. Stubbs sold his farm in Northfield and went to join his 
 brother in Washington, D. C. 
 
 In the year 1826 Moses Allen emigrated from the State of New 
 York with his family and settled on land adjoining Benj. Sutton's. 
 He purchased the first apple-trees and peach-pits in the town and 
 planted an orchard. In the year 1830 he sold out to Nathan Sut- ' 
 ton's son, and moved to the town of Plymouth, "Wayne county. He 
 lived to acquire a large estate. 
 
 Aaron Yan Atta was born in Warren county, K. J., in 1805. He 
 married Miss Sidney Ann Banghart. They moved to Michigan in 
 1832. Mr. V. died in 187Y, leaving six children. He was elected 
 at different times to fill offices in the town. He was kind and gen- 
 erous to the poor, and during his life gave large sums of money to 
 his children, and at his death left a handsome property to his heirs. 
 
 Joseph Lane purchased in 1826, 80 acres in the Sutton neighbor- 
 hood. He put up a log house and made some other improvements, 
 and in 1829 sold out to Nathaniel Brundage. The year after Mr. 
 Brundage died, leaving a wife and four children. Mrs. Brundage 
 lived to a good old age. Her son, Nelson Brundage, now resides 
 on the homestead. 
 
 Prof. Michael Gibney, of Iowa, was born in Northfield. He re- 
 ceived a common education at the Shaw school-house. Grad- 
 uated in the literary and law departments of the University of 
 Michigan. When at college he was known as the Websterian elo- 
 cutionist. 
 
 Peter Sears was born in the town of Ashfield, Mass., Aug. 24, 
 1T87; was married to a lady of the same town May 15, 1808; emi- 
 grated to Northfield in November, 1826. He settled on a good 
 tract of land, that finally improved in value, and is worth to-day a 
 handsome fortune. Mr. Sears retained to his death the custom of 
 his New England ancestors, and died Jan. 18, 1867, highly re- 
 spected by his friends and neighbors. Mrs. Sears died on the 22d 
 day of February, 1875. 
 
 Mr. Solomon Sears, one of the sons, retains and still lives on the 
 old homestead. 
 
 Rufus Matthews emigrated from the State of New York, and 
 settled in Northfield in 1831. Pie held for several years the ofiice 
 of supervisor of the town; was chosen by the Board of Supervisors 
 and held the office of commissioner of the county. He was one of 
 the commissioners appointed to purchase the county poor- farm, and 
 to superintend the location of buildings thereon. He was continued 
 in office for several years thereafter as superintendent. He built 
 the first frame bridge over the Huron river, at Ann Arbor, in 1832. 
 Mr. Matthews was a man of fine executive and mechanical abilities, 
 and in religious matters a strict disciplinarian. His house furnished 
 
 a 
 
646 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 many a poor sojourner hospitalities. A few years before his death 
 he sold his farm to Calvin Mitchell, and moved to Ann Arbor. In 
 his advanced age he suffered with rheumatism, and died iu 1869. 
 
 Thomas Earl, now of Ann Arbor, of which honorable mention 
 should be made, moved to JSTorthfield'in 1833. He lived there long 
 enough to clear up a fine farm. After the death of his daughter, a 
 fine young lady, he retired from the farm and went to Ann Arbor, 
 where he still resides. 
 
 John Keenan purchased in the year 1830 or 1831 about six lots 
 of land, and brought his family from the East the same year. Mr. 
 Keenan was a 7nan of fine stature, a nobleman by nature, a man of 
 integrity and lover of justice. I knew him well, and only knew 
 him to love him in common with his neighbors. 
 
 Christian Zook came in some time before 1830 or soon after. I 
 can not speak personally ol Mr. Zook. He came from Pennsylvania 
 and purchased two 80-acre lots on the banks of Whitmore lake. 
 In the year 1834 or 1835 there was quite an excitement in relation 
 to the manufacturing of silk. It was thought by some that our 
 climate was well adapted to the growth and preservation of the silk- 
 worm, and that fortunes could be made by it. Mr. Zook showed 
 his earnestness in the enterprise by procuring and setting out a 
 number of multicaulis mulberry trees for the worms to feed on 
 during the working season. The trees have now grown to a large 
 size and look healthy. 
 
 Michael Prindie emigrated to "Washtenaw county in 1830. He 
 was of Scotch descent, modest and unassuming, strictly honest and 
 upright, and agreeable in conversation. His modesty was so great 
 that he would not allow his name to be used in coimection with any 
 oflice. Mr. Prindie died some years ago in the full faith of the 
 Christian religion. 
 
 Dr. N. S. Hallock came from Few York to ISTorthfield in 1833, 
 where he practiced medicine for nearly 45 years. He also kept a 
 shop for the repairing of watches and clocks. His residence was 
 near the lake, and his farm was one of the best in the township. 
 It is said that Dr. Hallock never ro(^e on a railroad train, and what 
 is more curious still was never in a railroad car. 
 
 George Sessions came with his family to this township from 
 Madison county, New York, in September, 1833, and purchased six 
 lots of land on sections 2 and 11. He was from one of the oldest 
 New England families, being a descendant of Samuel Sessions, who 
 was a resident of Andover, Mass., in 1677. George Sessions was 
 born in South Wilbraham, Mass., in 1784. His father settled in 
 Wilbraham soon after the close of the Revolutionary war and was 
 one of the " Boston tea party " who threw overboard in Boston har- 
 bor the tea from England on which a tax was demanded, and which 
 was one of the immediate causes of the Bevolution. He married 
 Eunice Mather, of Windsor, Conn., a very estimable woman and a 
 descendant of the noted Cotton Mather, of Massachusetts colony. 
 Mr. Sessions died about a year after lie came to Northfield, leaving 
 
NORTHFIBLD TOWNSHIP. 647 
 
 his widow, and eight children who remained and cleared up one of the 
 best farms in the township. The best part of this farm is still 
 owned by Hanson Sessions, of Ann Arbor, the oldest member of 
 the family, J. Q. A. Sessions of Ann Arbor, being the youngest. 
 The other survivors are Mrs. Harriet A. Tracy, of Lansing, and 
 George D. Sessions, of Van Biiren county. Mrs. Sessions died 
 Sept. 1, 1843. J. Q. A. Sessions is a graduate of the Michigan 
 University, and is now a lawyer, living in Ann Arbor. He lias 
 taken active interest in writing up a true history of Washtenaw 
 county. In 1879 he read before the Historical Society a graphic 
 history of the city of Ann Arbor. He served three years in the 
 army during the Rebellion and was 1st Lieut, of Company D, 7th 
 Regiment of Michigan Cavalry. This regiment was a part of the 
 brigade commanded by Gen. Custer. 
 
 Robert Shaw, with his wife and four children, came from Liver- 
 pool, England, where he kept a kiln for drying grain. By the rav- 
 ages of fire he lost heavilj', but managed to save a few thousands. 
 He afterward emigrated to America, and in time settled in North- 
 field on a farm he had purchased from Benjamin Sutton, in 1833. 
 He retained many traits of character peculiar to his former stand- 
 ing in England, which many of his neighbors who have formerly 
 lived in Ireland can hardly tolerate. His ability was duly acknowl- 
 edged, and he filled the oflices of Justice of the Peace, Town 
 Clerk, and other positions, with credit. During his residence in 
 Northfield, he did a very large business, but the expenses were too 
 great for his income. After some time he removed to Ann Arbor. 
 
 Harris Seymour was among the early settlers of Northfield town- 
 ship. He purchased his farm, located near Wliitmore lake, in the 
 fall of 1831, and had a party live there and improve it until 1833, 
 when he took up his residence on the farm. He was employed as 
 an accountant and general manager of the firm of Brown Brothers, 
 of Ann Arbor, at that time one of the largest mercantile establish- 
 ments west of Detroit. The firm sold out in 1832 and Mr. Sey- 
 mour returned to his farm, where he resided until his death, in 
 August, 1834. His land finally became the plat of the present vil- 
 lage of Whitmore Lake. "Uncle Seymour," as he was known far 
 and wide, was a man possessing a warm, genial nature, and well 
 respected by all with whom he was acquainted. He died suddenly 
 of the cholera, and was buried on his farm, but in 1854 his remains 
 were removed to Ann Arbor. 
 
 Michael Quigley purchased Government land and moved into the 
 town in the year 1833. He soon cleared up a nice farm and planted 
 a large apple orchard and other fruit trees, but did not livelong to 
 enjoy the fruits of his labor. He was father to John Quigley, and 
 father-in-law to P. Wall and P. Conuers. 
 
 Gilbert A. Gardner was born in Seneca county, JST. Y., and his 
 wife, Mabel Baldridge, of the same place. They came to North- 
 field June 7, 1831. Mr. Gardner was a man of fine abilities, but did 
 not have a constitution stro;ig enough to endure the hardships of a 
 
648 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 
 
 pioneer life. He died in 1836, much regretted by his neighbors and 
 friends. His wife is still alive and in the vigor of health. Mr. 
 Gardner left one daughter, Augusta, who married Alonzo Doty, of 
 Ann Arbor. Nathan Salyer married Mrs. Gardner in Seneca 
 county, IST. Y., Sept. 7, 1837, and moved to this county in Septem- 
 ber, 1839. In the year 1848 he was elected to the State Legislat- 
 ure, and subsequently held other offices in the town. He died in 
 the year 1880, leaving two children, Judson Salyer and Mrs. Robert 
 F. Brokaw. 
 
 Oapt. John Moe emigrated with his family to the Territory in the 
 year 1827, and purchased what afterward proved to be one of the 
 most valuable tiacts of land in Washtenaw county. There were 
 few more intelligent, enterprising men than Capt. Moe. He died 
 in 1855, aged 54 years. Abraham Moe, one of the members of the 
 family, is still living and resides in Adrian. 
 
 Hon. J. G. Leland was born in Madison county, N. 1'., in 1805. 
 He received a common-school education, and was married to Miss 
 Nancy Bly, and emigrated to Michigan and settled in the township 
 of Ann Arbor in 1831. He stayed there a year or two and sold 
 out to James Mowry, who owned a half interest in the farm, and 
 purchased a farm in Northfield. Mr. Leland had great executive 
 ability, a health}', strong constitution, a perseverance that never 
 faltered, and an indomitable will that never forsook him. Quick 
 of apprehension, he could apply himself to any emergency. He 
 was ambitious to acquire wealth and renown. He held by appoint- 
 ment the office of Justice of the Peace under Gov. Cass, in 1833, 
 and subsequently many other township offices. In the years 1844 
 and 1846 he was elected a member of the State Legislature. Dar- 
 ing that session an act was passed to sell the Michigan Central rail- 
 road, in which he bore a conspicuous part. In the year 1869 Mr. 
 Leland retired from business and moved to Ann Arbor, where he 
 died in 1876. Mrs. Leland survived him only a few years. Their 
 children are Mrs. C. H. Wordea, Mrs. Eansora Townsend, Mrs. 
 Hascall Laraway and Emory Leland, who still owns the old home- 
 stead in Northfield. Capt. Joshua Leland, another son, died in the 
 array during the late war. 
 
 CHUECHES. 
 
 St. Patrick's Church. — About the year 1829, some two or three 
 Catholic families came to the dense woods of Northfield, built log 
 houses and commenced to clear the forests. In 1830 they were 
 visited by Rev. Father Kelly, who said mass in their houses. In 
 1831 there were about ten Catholic families, and these good, devout 
 people built in the spring of that same year a log church on the 
 spot where now the pastoral residence is situated, and under 
 the administration of Father Kelly the parish grew, attracting 
 Catholics from all districts. In 1835 Rev. Father Morrisey was 
 appointed parish priest of Northfield, ajid under his administration 
 
NOETHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 649 
 
 a frame church, 30x40 feet, was built in 1837. Father Morrisey 
 left there in 1840. He was succeeded by Kev. Father Cullen. The 
 parish at that time had about 90 families. Father Cullen took up 
 his residence in Ann Arbor, and attended to the spiritual wants of 
 both Northfield and Ann Arbor until 1864. In 1850 the 30x40 
 frame church had become too small, and a 30x60 addition was 
 attached, wliich gave the building the form of a T. This church 
 was dec'icated by Et. Rev. P. P. Lefevere, Bishop of the Diocese, 
 under the name of St. Bridget's. 
 
 In 1864 Northfield again was restored to the primitive honor of 
 being one of the first parishes of the diocese of Detroit, and Kev. 
 Peter Wallace was appointed to link that broken succession. Dur- 
 ing his administration the rectory was built in 1865. Rev. Father 
 Wallace left Northfield in 1873. He was succeeded by Rev. Father 
 Lux, an able speaker, and a highly educated priest, but an invalid, 
 who died in the beginning of June, 1874, after the short adminis- 
 tration of eight months. Father Lux was born in Holland. He was 
 succeeded the same year by Rev. Father xV. Carrolan, who came in 
 October and left in November. Dec. 5, 1874, he was succeeded by 
 Rev. J. Van Waterschoot. Under his administration the present 
 new church was built, the histor}' of which follows: 
 
 Dec. 5, 1874, Rev. J. V. Waterschoot was appointed rector in 
 Northfield after leaving St. Joseph, Berrien Co., Mich., where he 
 had labored for nine years. Jan. 17, 1875, he began to speak of 
 building a new church, as his predecessors had done before him. 
 Discouraged by former attempts at building in ISTorthfield, many 
 members, if not the majority, laughed at the idea, and had made 
 up their minds that it was not profitable to do so, and undoubtedly 
 impossible it was, as he proposed to do it on a cash basis. Still, as 
 he seemed to make so little of it, and promised not to make any 
 debts, it would be, at least, as he said, worth trying. On the next 
 day the first stones were brought to the spot by Messrs. Francis 
 and James Hanlin. From that day till the building was completed 
 all the materials were hauled and brought to the building spot by 
 tlie unanimous zeal and praiseworthy efi^orts of the parishioners. 
 The corner-stone was laid May 31, 1877, by the Very Rev. Edward 
 Joos, assisted by Rev. Fathers Buyse, Delevere, Slattery and the 
 pastor, in the presence of a great concourse of people. The out- 
 side building was completed on Oct. 19. Oct. 20, 1878, the church 
 was dedicated by the Right Rev. C. H. Borgess, D. D., Bishop of 
 Detroit, assisted by Rev. Fathers H. J. Schutjes, F. J. Van Erp, 
 F. Slattery, Rev. Father Joseph and an immense concourse of peo- 
 ple. The building is 44x88 feet, and the total cost was $10,000. 
 The building committee were John Boyle, John Smith and John 
 Coyle. 
 
 The Methodist Churoli. — In 1832 Rev. Alvin Billings preached 
 at the Murrav^ school-house. ^Nearly all the settlers in that neigh- 
 borhood were from the State of New York. The same year he 
 formed a class of the following persons: Isaac Burhans, Calvin 
 
650 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Holmes, Sidney Smith and wife, Joel Smith, Orrin Jeffords and 
 wife, Mr. Patte and wife, Orrison Leland and wife, and Mrs. Leet. 
 Isaac Burhans was chosen class-leader. About the same time, or 
 soon after, a class was formed at the Matthews school-house, and 
 was recognized in the Methodist General Conference with stated 
 preaching until about the year 1840. In the year 18i7a Methodist 
 church was built at Leland's Corners and the two societies united, 
 and was known as the First Methodist Church of JSforthfield. A 
 burial-ground was laid out in connection with the church the same 
 year. 
 
 There is also a Methodist church located at WhitmoreLake. The 
 edifice is of frame and a credit to the society. As early as 1838 
 the people assembled for religious worship at the house of Christian 
 Zook, which was situated on the lake. 
 
 Lutheran Church. — Tiie first German Lutheran church was built 
 in 1875 and dedicated the same year — Kev. Mr. Stein, of Germany, 
 pastor. Its members were C. F. Kapp and wife, Abraham Steffin 
 and wife, Frederick Bender and wife, George J. Cook and wife. 
 Christian Kosenburger and wife, Jacob Swerget and wife, Mr. Lud- 
 wick and wife, George Kempf and wife, Christian Lutz and wife, 
 Charles Procner and wife, Bernard Bower and wife, John Garlock 
 and wife. Dr. Smith and wife, Christian Fry and wife, Mr. Wag- 
 goner, Henry Wessel and wife, Gottlob Bessinger and wife, Enso 
 Giger, and Jolin Kapp and wife. They have preaching on Sun- 
 days, and a school is taught in the basement of the church by the 
 minister. 
 
 SUTTON SCHOOL-HOUSE. 
 
 Tiiere has been more or less talk aiuong the historians of Wash- 
 tenaw county relative to when and where the first school-house was 
 built. Nelson Brundage's father came into the neighborhood in 
 182S. Nelson was then about seven or eight years old, and has 
 lived there ever since. He thinks the first school-house was built 
 in the year 1826, and the first school was taught by Sally Ann 
 Green. 
 
 Mr. Hurd thought the school-house near Benjamin Sutton's was 
 built in the spring of 1828, and the first school was taught by 
 Miranda Leland. Siie and David LIurd were married the January 
 following by Rev. Mr. Page. The school-house east of Sutton's 
 was built in 1828 or 1829. The same winter a debating society 
 was organized and spelling school taught, and in 1830 a Sunday- 
 school was started under the care of a young man by the name of 
 Merrell, assisted by Miss Parmelia Leland. 
 
 My first knowledge of the Sutton school-house was in the year 
 1830. It was built of logs witli a small window beside the door 
 and a four-pane sash on the other side, giving only a small amount 
 of light for the inmates. The hearth was made of mortar cement, 
 the chimney back was laid up with undressed stone for about four 
 
NOKTHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 651 
 
 feet, and the rest was finished with what was called a '' stick 
 chimney" composed of mortar and sticks. 
 
 NAMES OF LAKES. 
 
 Whitinore lake receives its name under the following circum- 
 stances: Jonathan F. Stratton, who was the only surveyor in Wash- 
 tenaw county at the time, in coinpany with Mr. Whitmore, who 
 lived near Ann Arbor, hRd been out "prospectino;," as the old set- 
 tlers called land-looking. On their way home they felt weary and 
 tired, and as night was approaching they concluded to pitch their 
 tent on the bank of the lake near by. The next morning after 
 breakfast and the preliminaries for starting were through with, Mr. 
 Stratton proposed to Mr. Whitmore that they give a name to the 
 lake, and they called it Whitmorelake. It was so put on the maps 
 and has since been known by that name. 
 
 Some time previous to 1830, a few of the old settlers of Northfield 
 and adjoining towns had a " picnic party " on the 4th of July, on 
 the bank of the lake, and christened Independence lake. 
 
 Jack lake was so called from the fact that Jack, a horse owned by 
 Benjamin Sutton, strayed away from home. Jack was tracked by 
 friendly Indians a distance of some six or seven miles, and found 
 on a small island in the middle of the lake. Jack could not be got 
 off except by means of a raft, owing to the softness of the shore. 
 
 Heary lake took its name from Michael Heary, who was one ot 
 the original purchasers of land adjoining the lake. 
 
 Van Atta lake was called after Aaion Yan Atta, who was the first 
 settler and who owned land adjoining. 
 
 Horse Shoe lake was so named from being in the shape of a horse 
 shoe or crescent, having a small peninsula jutting in from the 
 south side. The water is deep and contains a variety of fish. It 
 covers about one section of land. The lake receives the waters 
 of all the lakes and marshes in the town except Jack lake and Mud 
 lake. A few years ago Joseph Pray purchased a farm near by, and 
 through his influence principally, the lake was lowered about four 
 feet by lowering the " outlet " which ran into the Huron river. 
 
 The first hotel at Whitmore Lake was kept by A. Burt. He re- 
 mained landlord only a short time, when he sold out to Mr. Stevens 
 in 1831 or 1833. Where the tavern then stood, two hotels have 
 since been built. One is known as the Clifton House and the other 
 the Whitmore Lake House. This lake is quite a noted summer 
 resort, and is visited by hundreds of people during the hot months. 
 The scenery in the vicinity is of great beauty, and the accommoda- 
 tions are ample for the entertainment of hundreds. 
 
 THE FIRST TEMPEEANOE SOCIETY. 
 
 A temperance society was organized in JSTorthfield as early as 
 1839 with 25 members. According to the by-laws of the society, 
 
652' HISTOttY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 a member could violate the pledge not exceeding two times, and on 
 due proof of the third offense, he was unanimously "bounced." 
 The by-laws were drawn up and signed by John Davis, John Ren- 
 wick and S. H. Craim, coramittee. The next meeting of the society 
 was held in a school-housu near Robert Appleton's. Meetings 
 were held four times a year. On Dec. 4, 1839, a constitution was 
 adopted and an address was delivered by the Rev. Guy Beckley, on 
 ''The evils growing outof intemperance and the benefits resulting 
 from a temperate coarse of living." At this meeting 10 men 
 and three women signed the pledge. The first annual meeting ot 
 the society was held in a school-house near Philander Murray's on 
 the 8th day of April, 1840, and the following ofiicers were elected : 
 President, Rufus Matthews; Vice President, Philander Murray; 
 Secretary, Nathan Salyer. The following vigilance committee was 
 also appointed : Jas. Huston, Orrin Jeffords, Robert Appleton, 
 Horace Coy and John Renwick. The first Secretary of the society 
 was J. G. Leland who was succeeded by Nathan Salyer, who held 
 the ofiice until 1846. This society continued in its good work until 
 1845, when the interest in the temperance cause seemed to wane; 
 and before the close of the next year regular meetings were aban- 
 doned. No special efforts to advance the cause were made until 
 the ribbon tnovement of 1878, when 
 
 ST. Patrick's tbmpkrance benevolent society 
 
 was organized through the influence of Father Van Waterschoot, 
 of St. Patrick's Church, Dec. 25, 1877, with three members, Patrick 
 Purtell, Thomas Kearney and Charles Ryan. The following officers 
 were elected : President, Patrick Purtell; Secretary, Thomas 
 Kearney; Treasurer, John McLaughlin. The society rapidly in- 
 creased, and now numbers over 40 members. They have given two 
 dramatic entertainments; one in St. Patrick's Church, and repeated 
 it in the Opera House at Ann Arbor. The society has wielded a 
 beneficent influence for good among the young men of Northern 
 Washtenaw county, and deserves the bestwishes of all temperance 
 people. Each member wears a very neat and tasty silver badge 
 with the words " St. P. T. S." handsomely engraved thereon. The 
 present officers are : President, Patrick Purtell; Vice President, 
 John Conlin; Secretary, James Welch; Treasurer, Michael How- 
 ard. Six counsellors are elected annually, whose duty it is to look 
 after the society's poor, and also delinquent members. 
 
 Northfield Orange, No. 399, was organized April 18, 1874, and 
 the following officers were duly elected and installed by an officer 
 from Roseville, Mich.: — Master, George Sutton; Overseer, S. W. 
 Shurtleff; Lecturer, C. K. Kapp; Steward, N. E. Sutton; Asst. 
 Steward, T. T. Burlingame; Chaplain, William Doty; Treasurer, 
 F. Kapp; Secretary, E. E. Leland; Gate- Keeper, A. Steffin; Ceres, 
 Mrs. M. R. Shurtleff; Pomona, Sarah Kapp; Flora, Luena Steffin; 
 Lady Asst. Steward, Miss C. A. Sutton. The lodge numbers 31 
 members, and is in a very prosperous condition. 
 
NOETHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 653 
 
 SOME OF NOETHFIELD's BOYS. 
 
 If " the highlands produce poets," the people of Northfield con- 
 gratulate themselves on producing men of literary tastes and 
 abilities. 
 
 Judge L. Horrigan, of Memphis, Tenn., received a common- 
 school education at the Sutton scliool-house. Dr. John Kapp, 
 Mayor of Ann Arbor; his brother, Dr. C. Kapp, of Manchester; 
 Dr. H. Sliurtleff, of the same place; Prof. T. E. Howard, of Notre 
 Dame University, South Bend, Ind., and his brother, John Howard, 
 received their early education at the Shaw school-house. P. McKer- 
 nan. Circuit Court Commissioner of Washtenaw county, received his 
 primary education at the Mutolph school-house. Col. John Ses- 
 sions, of Ann Arbor, received his first impression of a common- 
 school education in ISTorthfield. Dr. Doien, of Lansing, and his 
 brother, attended school at the Moe school-house. Capt. Richard 
 Beahan (dec), and John and William Cuthbert, of Chicago, were 
 pupils at Mutolph Corners. Miss Shanahon, subsequently known 
 as " Madamoiselle d' Isabell," was a scholar at the same old school- 
 house. Col. William Stevens was a student at Whitmore lake, and 
 Capt. Leland (dec.) received his primary education at the Leland 
 school-house. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 The following are thosa that have served in different official 
 capacities since the organization of the township: 
 
 SUPEEVI80ES. 
 
 Ira Harker 1854 
 
 James Clancy 1855 
 
 Philip Winegar 1856-8 
 
 Joseph Pray 1859 
 
 eatrick McKernan 1860-1 
 
 Philip Winegar 1863 
 
 Patrick McKernan 1863^ 
 
 Joseph Pray 1865 
 
 John Ryan 1866 
 
 Patrick Wall 1867-71 
 
 George Renwick 1872 74 
 
 Emory G. Leland 1875 
 
 N. E. Sutton 1876-7 
 
 Patrick Purtell 1878-80 
 
 John Renwick 1833-4 
 
 Rufus Matthews 1835-6 
 
 John Renwick 1837 
 
 George Sutton 1838-9 
 
 John Renwick 1840 
 
 Lucien B. Barker 1841 
 
 Rufus Matthews 1843-3 
 
 John Ren wick 1844 
 
 Rufus Matthews 1845 
 
 Nathan Salyer 1846-7 
 
 George Sutton 1848 
 
 John Renwick 1849 
 
 Rufus Matthews 1850-3 
 
 Nathan Salyer 1853 
 
 CLEEKS. 
 
 George Sutton 1833 
 
 Dan B. Appleton 1834 
 
 George Sutton 1835-6 
 
 Robert Shaw 1837 
 
 John Renwick 1838 
 
 Robert Shaw 1839-40 
 
 Samuel Botsford 1841 
 
 L.B.Barker 1843 
 
 John Smith Cuthbert 1843 
 
 Mandeville Tuttle 1844 
 
 Samuel Botsford 1845 
 
 John S. Cuthbert 1846 
 
 John Renwick 1847 
 
 Charles Curtis 1848-9 
 
 Martin Howard 1850-1 
 
 John Renwick 1852 
 
 Henry F. Brown 1853 
 
 Orison Leland 1854-6 
 
 George Sutton 1857-8 
 
 John Seary. . 1859-60 
 
 James O'Brien 1861-3 
 
 John Searv 1863 
 
 John Ryan 1864 
 
 John Kapp 1865-6 
 
 Timothy Howard 1867 
 
 John Gibney 1868-9 
 
 James Walsh 1870 
 
 Patrick Purtell 1871-3 
 
 Eugene Gibney 1S73 
 
 Patrick Purtell 1874 
 
 William Walsh 1875-S 
 
 Eugene Gibney 1879 80 
 
654 
 
 HISTOBY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 TEEASUEEKS. 
 
 Orange Green 1838 
 
 Dennis Clancy . .1839 
 
 Lucien B. Barker 1840 
 
 Samuel Botsford 1841 
 
 John King 1843 
 
 Eichard Stackable 1843 
 
 James O'Brien 1845 
 
 Orison Leland 184(i 
 
 Henry Busenbark 1847-9 
 
 Chester Roscncrantz 1850 
 
 Patrick Hoban 1851 
 
 Douglas Stevens 1852 
 
 Luther Hatch 1853 
 
 Ahsolem Pidd 1854 
 
 George N. Allen 1855 
 
 William F. Kennedy 1850-7 
 
 William Foley 1858 
 
 Patrick Gibney J^'^^ 
 
 John Prindle J°^Y 
 
 Nathan Nixon I^J^l 
 
 Patrick Glennan V'J'^ 
 
 William Lennau 1°"3 
 
 Timothy Donovan 1864 
 
 John Gibney 186.5-6 
 
 William Lennan 186T 
 
 Bernhard Bauer 1868 
 
 James McHugh ]86!J 
 
 John Taylor 1870-1 
 
 George Danner 1872-3 
 
 Henry Young 1874-5 
 
 Daniel Barry 1876-7 
 
 John McLaughlin 1878-9 
 
 John Taylor 1880 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Benjamin Sutton 1831 
 
 George W. Dexter 1832 
 
 Joshua G. Leland 1832 
 
 Isaac R. button 1836 
 
 John Kernan 1836 
 
 M. H. Stubbs 1836 
 
 Thomas T. Pettis 1836 
 
 Rufus Matthews 1837-40 
 
 Robert Shaw 1837 
 
 Alvin Moe 1838-41 
 
 John King 1839 
 
 Nathan Sutton 1839 
 
 J. G. Leland 1840 
 
 John Beedru 1841 
 
 George Sutton 1843 
 
 John Keenan 1843 
 
 Nelson Hallock 1844 
 
 Roswell Curtis 1844-7 
 
 Albert Stevens. 1845 
 
 George Sutton 1846 
 
 John Brokaw 1847 
 
 Aaron B. Van Atta 1848 
 
 Albert Stevens 1849 
 
 George Sutton 1850 
 
 John Brokaw. 1851 
 
 Roswell Curtis 1852 
 
 Albert Stevens 1853 
 
 J. G. Leland 1853 
 
 George Sutton 1854 
 
 Aaron B. Van Atta 1855 
 
 Joseph Semain 1856 
 
 William Rogers 1856 
 
 Samuel D. Bird 1857-9 
 
 Bryan Qalligan 1857-8 
 
 Joseph Pray 1857-60 
 
 Zenas BiW. 1858-61 
 
 George Sutton 1859 
 
 Joseph Pray 1861 
 
 JolmSeary 1363 
 
 George Sutton 1863-1 
 
 Bates West 1865-8 
 
 John Brokaw 1865 
 
 Charles W. Taylor 1866 
 
 Bryail Galligan 1866-8 
 
 John Nixon, 1866 
 
 William Schaffer 1867-70 
 
 George Sutton 1868 
 
 Joseph Pray 1868-70 
 
 Christian F. Kapp 1868-9 
 
 Bryan Galligan 1869-72 
 
 George Sutton 1869-70 
 
 Bates C. West 1869-70 
 
 James Barry 1870 
 
 Thomas Harran. 1870-73 
 
 James Barry 1871 
 
 Christian F. Kapp ' I87i 
 
 Haskal Laroway 1872 
 
 William Duncan 1873 
 
 Thomas Haran 1373 
 
 C. F. Kapp... '.'.■.■.■.'.'.1874-6 
 
 George Renwiek 1874 
 
 E. N. Stiles '.'.'.■... ..1874-5 
 
 John Brokaw 1876 
 
 Patrick Purtell 1877 
 
 C. F. Kapp ■•......■.'. .1878 
 
 Thomas Haran. 
 
 .1878 
 
 John Ryan 1879 
 
 George Sutton -,ur,a 
 
 William Schafieer. 
 
 1880 
 
 William D. Birdwell ....'.'; .' ;■; ". "igso 
 
 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Below we give personal sketches of many of the leading citizens 
 of Northfield township, whose lives are more or less identified with 
 its history and in fact constitute an essential factor of the same 
 

 
 % 
 
 m^^ 
 
 ■>^>i?-Z^ 
 
NOETHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 657 
 
 E. T. Brokaw was born April 2, 1839, and is a life resident of 
 this county. His parents, Jolin and Catherine Brokaw, came to 
 this country in 1838. Mr. Brokaw was educated in the common 
 and Union schools of Ann Arbor. He has a wide reputation as a 
 teacher, having taught some 12 or 15 years. At present he is de- 
 voting his time and attention to agricultural pursuits. He was 
 married May 4, 1864, to Mrs. Mary Shelby, who was born Jan. 29, 
 1833, and daughter of D. B. and Jane (Appleton) Shelby. They 
 have 3 children — Edith M., Ira E., and Hoscoe T. Mrs. Brokaw's 
 first husband was E. M. Shelby, a lawyer by profession. They 
 were joined in marriage March 20, 1845. Mr. Shelby died in 
 1846. 
 
 John BrohciAV was born at Sumner, New Jersey, Sept. 9, 1809, 
 and is a son of John and Phoebe Brokaw, who came to this county 
 in 1836, locating on sec. 20, Northfield tp., where the former 
 died in 1858, and the latter in June, 18Y7. John learned the shoe- 
 maker's trade when quite young, which business he followed until 
 his removal to this county in 1837. He was married in ]S^ew York 
 in 1830, to Catherine Holly, who was born in New York in 1809. 
 Six children have been given to this couple, 5 of whom survive 
 — George, Ezra, Eobert, Phoebe A. and James. Mr. Brokaw is a 
 successful farmer, and owns 160 acres of good laud. 
 
 Edmund Clancy, farmer, sec. 29; was born in Ireland Nov. 23, 
 1816. His parents, Dennis and Margaret (Morrison) Clancy, came 
 to the United States in 1818, locating in Pennsylvania. They then 
 removed to Monroe county, N. Y., and in 1835, to this county, 
 where the former died at the advanced age of 93, and the latter at 
 81 years. Edmund was reared on a farm, and has followed that 
 vocation through life, with the exception of 10 years, from 1842 
 to 1852, when he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was 
 married April 29, 1845, to Caroline Keenan, who was born in New 
 York, June, 1823. Of the 8 children born to them, 7 are living — 
 Caroline, wife of Franklin Hanlan; Margaret, wife of John Shan- 
 non; Edmund, William, Elizabeth, Mary and Gertrude. Mr. 
 Clancy and family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 He has been School Inspector of Northfield tp., for eight years. 
 
 A. B. Close, blacksmith, on sec. 6, P. 0. Whitmore Lake, was 
 born in Dutchess county, N. Y., May 7, 1823, son of Reuben and 
 Hannah Close, both of whom died when A. B. was quite young. 
 Mr. Close was taken to Monroe county, N. Y., where he lived until 
 he came to Northfield tp., then being over 40 years of age. B[e was 
 married March 2, 1859, to Caroline Nelson, who was born in Penn- 
 sylvania. They have 3 children — ^Willard H., Selecta E. and 
 George A. L. Mr. Close has been a blacksmith since his youth, 
 23 years of that time being spent in Washtenaw county. 
 
 Edward Comisky is a, native of Ireland, where he was born June, 
 1794. His parents were John and Ann Comisky, the former of 
 whom died in Ireland. Mrs. Comisky emigrated to America and 
 settled in New Jersey, wliere she passed the remainder of her days. 
 
 40 
 
658 HISTORY OP WA6HTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Edward came to America in 1833, and after a two-years residence 
 in JSTew Jersey to Northfield tp., locating on his present farm. He 
 was married in 1839 to Mary Rating, born in Queen's county, 
 Ireland, and daughter of Lawrence and Mary Rating. Seven chil- 
 dren born to this union are living — John, Joseph, Frank, Maria, 
 Christopher, Edward and Margaret^J. Mr. Oomisky was in limited 
 circumstances when he came to Northfield tp., but has pros- 
 pered exceedingly, and now enjoys the comfort of a good home with 
 pleasant surroundings. Himself and wife are members of the Ro- 
 man Catholic Church. Mr. Comisky resides on sec. 21. 
 
 Christopher Donagan (deceased) was born in Ireland in 1830, 
 son of Eugene and Elizabeth Donagan. Mr. Donagan came to 
 America in 1854, and settled at Ann Arbor, and three years later 
 at Welch's Corners, in Northfield tp., where he was engaged in 
 blacksmithiug for 16 years. He was married Dec. 9, 1863, to 
 Alice Conlan, a native of this county, born July 2, 1840. Of the 
 7 children born to them, 4 are living — Eugene, William, John 
 and Alice. Mrs. Donagan's parents were Owen and Ellen Con- 
 lan, natives of Ireland, who emigrated to America in 1827, and 
 to Northfield tp. in 1833, where the former died Feb. 19, 1877, and 
 the latter Sept. 17, 1869. They were the parents of 6 children, 
 all of whom are dead, but Mrs. Donagan, who lives to mourn the 
 Joss of father, mother, brothers, sisters, and her loving husband. 
 Mrs. Donagan is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Thomas Featherly was born in Wayne county, N. Y., Sept. 20, 
 1822, and is the son of Frederick and Catherine Featherly, the 
 former a native of New York and the latter a native of Canada. 
 They both died in Wayne county, N. Y. Thomas came to Washtenaw 
 county and settled in Superior tp., thence to his present location in 
 NorthfielcJ tp., in 1840. He was married June 11, 1842, to Susan 
 Whitehead, who was born in Steuben county, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1826. 
 They have 8 children living — Matthew, Mark, Phcebe M., William 
 M., "Jennie E., Ella S., Edward W., and Annie L. Mr. Featherly 
 served four years and three months in Co. G., 3d Mich. Cav., par- 
 ticipating in many of the most serious engagements, but never re- 
 ceived any wound whatever. He was honorably discharged at New 
 Orleans and returned to his farm in Northfield tp., where he has 
 since resided. 
 
 Robert Flirdoff, a native of Yorkshire, England, was born in 
 August, 1815. His parents, George and Mary Flintoff, came to 
 America and located in New Jersey in 1824, where they passed 
 the remainder of their life. Robert removed to Michigan and set- 
 tled on his present farm in 1839. He was married April, 1855, to 
 Sarah A. Rockafellar, who was born at Romulus, Seneca Co., N. Y., 
 Nov. 13, 1824. Mr. Flintoff has 2 children— Robert and Rosa 
 M. Mr. Flintoff is a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of North- 
 field tp., and owns 190 acres of land, iinder a high state of cultiva- 
 tion. His P. O. address is Ann Arbor. 
 
NORTHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 659 
 
 Timothy Fohey was born in New York city Feb. 27, 1843. His 
 parents, Pliilip and Mary (Mulchy) Fohey, were natives of Ireland, 
 and emigrated to America in 1832. They came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1855, locating on sec. 18, Northfield tp., where ho died 
 Sept. 22, 1864. His \vidow died in June, 1869. Timothy re- 
 ceived a comnion-school education, and has followed farming and 
 stock-raising through life. He was married May 24, 1871, to An- 
 astatia O'Brien, who was born in Webster tp., Jan. 1, 1848. Six 
 children have been born to this union, 4 of whom are living — An- 
 astatia, Victoria, Helen C. and Mary T. Mr. Fohey has been very 
 successful in his farming operations, and owns 485 acres of well- 
 improved land. .Mr. and Mrs. Fohey are members of the Roman 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 Patrick Gihney, 8r. (deceased), was a native of Ireland, whei'e 
 he was born in 1807. He came to America in 1829 and settled in 
 New York, where he was married, in 1833, to Julia Lynch, born in 
 Ireland in October, 1802, a daughter of Owen and Mary Lynch, who 
 came to the United States in 1832. They removed to Michigan 
 the same year and settled in Waslitenaw county, where they resided 
 until death. There are 6 of the children living — James, Michael, 
 Patrick, Eugene, Eliza and Marj'. Michaelis a professor of elocu- 
 tion at Des Moines, Iowa. He graduated from the Universitj' of 
 Michigan in 1877. He served one year in the 10th Mich. Cavalry. 
 Patrick was a member of the same regiment, and is now located 
 on a part of the old homestead farm. Eugene was born in North- 
 field tp., June 20, 1849, and received his educational training in 
 the high schools of Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor. He has been a 
 teacher in Northfield and Ann Arbor tps. for a number of years, 
 and bears the reputation of a good tutor. He was married Nov. 
 23, 1880, in Northfield tp., to Katie Welch, who was born in this 
 county in 1850. Mr. Gibney has been School Inspector, and at 
 present is Clerk of Northfield tp. Himself and entire family are 
 members of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 James Sallen, farmer, on sec. 29, was born in Ireland in 1824. 
 His parents, James and Ann (Koon) Hallen, both departed this 
 life in their native land, and in 1848 their orphaned son made his 
 way to America, first stopping in Dutchess county, N. Y., where he 
 worked by the day for seven years. He came to Michigan in 1855, 
 and was employed in a brick-yard near Detroit for two years. He 
 then removed to Washtenaw county and obtained employment with 
 Samuel McCormick, a farmer of Salem tp. He worked there one 
 year, at the expiration of that time purchasing 50 acres of land, 
 for which he paid all his ready cash and went in debt $500. By 
 bard toiland strict economy he managed to pay off this debt, and 
 as soon as it was done, he added 86 acres more to his farm at a cost 
 of $300. This last purchase was paid for, and Mr. Hallen became 
 a free man once more. He resided in Salem tp; 12 years, and then 
 located in Northfield tp., where he owns 220 acres of well improved 
 land, and finely situated. He was married Oct. 9, 1854, toRosanna 
 
660 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. '^Sj^*-' 
 
 Maloney, a native of Ireland. Their 6 children are — James H., 
 William, Frank, Kate, wife of Williatn CuUaiiine, of Dexter, Mary 
 and Lizzie. 
 
 Thomas Haran, farmer, on sec. 18; was born in Ireland Nov. 15, 
 1819, and is a son of Michael and Margaret Haran. Mr. Haran's 
 father emigrated to America in 1822, but soon returned to Ireland. 
 In 1825 he came again, and located in New York, coming to Wash- 
 tenaw county in 1834. He settled in Webster tp., where he resided 
 until his death. He was a saddler and harness-maker by trade, but 
 did not work at that business after coming to America. He died 
 March 21, 1843, and his widow followed him Jan. 9, 1854. Thomas 
 came from Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1852, and was reared to man- 
 hood in Webster tp., where he has since resided, engaged in farm- 
 ing. He was married May 10, 1847, to Margaret, daughter of 
 William and Catherine Pringle. Her parents came to tins county 
 in 1830, locating in Northfield tp., where the former died Nov. 19, 
 1852, and the latter, July 23, 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Haran, and their 
 5 children — Mary, Catherine, William, Francis and Charles — are 
 members of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Calvin Holmes was born at Henrietta, Monroe Co., N. Y., March, 
 1802. In the fall of 1831 he came to Washtenaw count}', purchas- 
 ing one tract of land in Northfield tp., and then returned to New 
 York. On May 10, 1832, he started with his family and household 
 goods for his new home in Michigan, arriving at Patrick Gulegin's, 
 about two miles south of his purchase, at noon on May 17. There 
 was no road north of this, so the goods were unloaded and the teams 
 sent back to Detroit. After dinner Mr. Holmes took the baby, and 
 his wife the rifle, and started for the home of Philander Murray, 
 whose land adjoined on the north. They met with a warm reception 
 at Mr. Murray's (Mrs. Murray and Mrs. Holmes were cousins), and 
 the next day Mr. Holmes, borrowing Mr. Murray's oxen and sled, 
 moved his goods to his new house, which had been erected by his fa- 
 ther the previous autumn. The structure was only a rude affair and 
 unfinished. The roof and upper floors were covered with bark, 
 and split and liewn basswood logs were used for the floor. In a 
 week or ten days the family were safely housed, and as happy as 
 they could be under the circumstances. Mr. Holmes had brought 
 one barrel of flour and a barrel of pork with him, and they had to 
 last until money could be raised to purchase more. He never 
 complained of his lot, but went cheerfully to work and succeeded 
 in making a pleasant home out of his surroundings. In 1854 he 
 moved to Eagle, Clinton Co., Mich., where he still resides, aged 79 
 years. 
 
 Jeremiah Jajohs, farmer, on sec. 5 ; was born in Madison county, 
 N. Y., Feb. 12, 1810, and is a son of Oli^^er and Millicent (Culver) 
 Jacobs, natives of Long Island. Mr. Jacobs died in Madison coun- 
 ty, N. Y., in 1818. His widow emigrated with the family to Onon- 
 daga countj', N. Y., and in 1838 to Michigan. In 1839, she located 
 at Hamburg, Livingston Co., and in 1843, removed to Washtenaw 
 
NOETHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 661 
 
 county, settling near Ann Arbor. Jeremiah received a liberal edu- 
 cation, and has been located on his present farm since 1865, where 
 he owns 156 acres of good land. 
 
 Thomas H. Kearney was born in Ireland Aug. 7, 1818, and is a 
 son of Patrick and Honora (Hays) Kearney, who came to America 
 in 1836. They settled in New York, where Mr. Kearney died in 
 1837. Thomas was in the employ of Fish, Grenell & Co., import- 
 ers and exporters of fine goods, in New York city, and remained there 
 li years. Mr. Kearney then came to Washtenaw county and en- 
 gaged in farming. In the meantime the firm changed hands, and 
 the new firm, Grenell, Minton & Co., knowing of Mr. Kearney's 
 superior knowledge in matters pertaining to their trade, earnestly 
 solicited Jiim to accept his old position in the store. He did so, 
 and at the expiration of two years returned to Washtenaw county, 
 were he again engaged in farming until 1852. At the latter period 
 he made a trip to California, via the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. 
 Arriving in the " Golden State " he immediately proceeded to the 
 mountains, but in a short time returned to San Francisco, where he 
 was employed as a clerk. He returned to Washtenaw county in 
 1854, where he has since resided. He was married Jan. 17, 1835, 
 to Ann Flinn, a native of Ireland. Of the 5 children born to them, 
 only one is living, Thomas R., who is a prominent farmer on sec. 19, 
 and with whom the subject of this sketch resides. Mr. Kearney 
 owns 80 acres of good land in Webster tp. 
 
 James KeVy,i&vmer, sec. 30; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born at 
 Ypsilanti March 4, 1840. His parents, Patrick and Ann Kelly, 
 were natives of Ireland, and emigrated to America in 1835, first 
 locating in New York. In 1838 they came to Washtenaw county, 
 settling at Ypsilanti, where they resided until 1848, when they 
 removed to Northtield tp. When James was 18 years of age he 
 took a trip to the Pacific States, spending three years in Colorado, 
 and the same amount of time in Idaho. He was prospecting for 
 gold, and was reasonably successful. While in the Western States 
 he spent a short time in the U. S. service, fighting the Navajo 
 Indians of New Mexico. In 1865 he returned to Michigan, and 
 May 24, ISOfi, was married to Catherine O'Brien, who was born in 
 this county May 3, 1840. Their 7 children are Mary, Agnes, Den- 
 nis, James, Robert, Genevieve and Katie. Mr. Kelly owns 100 
 acres of fertile land. Mr. and Mrs. Kelly are members of the Roman 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 John G. IfUdw'uj, farmer, sec. 30; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born 
 in Prussia Oct. 28, 1829, and is a son of Martin and Dorotea Lud- 
 wig. Mr. Lndwig emigrated to America in 1864, and located at 
 Ann Arbor. In 1865 he settled on his present farm in Northfield 
 tp., where he has since resided, engaged in farming and stock-rais- 
 ing. He was married in Germany Feb. 14, 1858, to Annie M. 
 Pontow, who was born March 28, 1838. They have 9 children liv- 
 ing — Gustavus, Augusta, August, Minnie, Annie, Gotlieb, Martin, 
 
662 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOtTNTY. 
 
 Fred and Carrie. Mr. Ludwig and wife are members of the Luth- 
 eran Church. 
 
 Thomas MoKernan was born in Ireland in 1800, and is a son of 
 John and Ann (Williamson) McKernan. Mr. McKernan came to 
 America in 1822, locating in Orange county, JST. Y., and eight 
 years later in Washtenaw county, Mich. He settled on sec. 30, 
 Northfield tp., where he has resided since. He followed farming 
 until old age compelled him to retire from the field of active labor, 
 and since that time his sons have managed the estate. He was mar- 
 ried in 1822 to Ann McDermott, a native of Ireland. Ten chil- 
 dren were the fruits of this union, 5 of whom are living —Mary A., 
 wife of Patrick Martin, Caroline. Thomas, John and James, all of 
 whom, in connection with their father and mother, are members of 
 the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. McKernan has been financially 
 successful, and owais 183 acres of good land. 
 
 Michael O'Brien was born in Ireland in 1813, and was a son of 
 John and Mary O'Brien, both of whom are deceased. He came to 
 the United States in 1835, remaining three years in Massachusetts, 
 and then coming to Washtenaw county, Mich., where he has since 
 resided. He served two and a half years in the U. S. army dur- 
 ing the Mexican war, and was once wounded, but not bad enough 
 to deprive him from doing farm work. He was married to Bridget 
 Burns, and 8 children were born to them, 2 of whom are livings- 
 Morgan and Sarah. Mrs. O'Brien died and he again married, the 
 second time to Johanna Howard, who was born in Ireland in 1830. 
 Seven children were born to this union— John, Ellen, Michael J., 
 Margaret, David, Francis L. and Mary. Mr. O'Brien has been 
 financiall}' successful in life, and at present possesses a large farm. 
 Mr. O'Brien and wife are members of theHoman Catholic Church. 
 
 Martin O^Connor (deceased), was the son of John and Ann 
 O'Connor, and was born in Ireland in 1786. He came to America 
 in 1820, locating in Connecticut, where he remained 12 years. At 
 the expiration of that time he removed to Washtenaw county, 
 Mich. He was married in Canada Nov. 2, 1832, to Margaret Cav- 
 anaugh, and immediately settled on land in JSforthfield tp., which 
 he had previously purchased from Government. The land com- 
 prised 200 acres, and the greater part was heavily- timbered. Mr. 
 O'Connor worked hard to clear this land, and then lived and pros- 
 pered until June 22, 1878, when death called him to lay down the 
 implements of toil and seek the rest for which he had labored so 
 earnestly and faithfully. His wife and 9 children survive him. 
 The children are — James, John, Martin, Sarah, Patrick, William 
 Charles, Margaret and Ann. Charles owns 120 acres of the home- 
 stead farm, where he is engaged in farming. He was born in this 
 county Jan. 36, 18.58. He resides on sec. 22, and his P. O. address 
 is Ann Arbor. 
 
 Joseph Pray, farmer, sec. 5, was born in Allegany, county, JS[. 
 Y., March 26, 1823. His parents, Esek and Sally A. Pray, came 
 to Washtenaw county in 1825, locating in Superior tp. on Govern- 
 
NORTHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 663 
 
 ment land, where the former died, June 5, 1856, at the age of 65 
 years. Mr. Pray was an honored and esteemed pioneer of the 
 county, and one who took an active interest in all matters pertain, 
 ing to the growth of the county. Joseph was reared on a farm- 
 his only playmates being the Indian l^oys, who were encamped 
 about half a mile from his father's house. He was married July 
 i, 1849, to Elizabeth Finton, who was born at Romulus, Seneca 
 Co., ]Sr. Y. Mr. Pray first located in Salem tp., where he improved 
 160 acres of land. He subsequently sold his farm and moved upon 
 the old homestead, remaining there until 1854, when he removed 
 to his present farm, south of Whitmore Lake. Mr. Pray was en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits at Whitmore Lake for some time, but 
 of late has chiefly devoted his attention to farming. Mr. Pray, in 
 conjunction with Joseph Whitlock, was instrumental in getting 
 the " Drain Law " passed in the Michigan Legislature. He 
 acted as Drain Commissioner for three years, but ill health com- 
 pelled him to resign. He was Captain of a militia company in 
 early days, but did no service in the field during the late conflict, 
 but was a prominent man in all matters pertaining to bettering the 
 condition of the soldiers and spent about $800 to assist in alle- 
 viating the pressing wants of the " boys in the field." Mr. Pray 
 has been honored by bis fellow citizens with positions of trust in 
 Northfield tp., filling them very acceptably. He has 8 chil- 
 dren — Harriet A., born April 15, 1852, is the wife of E. W. Stiles, 
 a merchant at Whitmore Lake; Warren E., born June 23, 1853, 
 and married June 30, lS74,to Ann Hanan; is a merchant at Spring- 
 port, Jackson Co., Mich.; Josephine, born June 6, 1855, and mar- 
 ried Dec. 25, 1873, G. W. McCormick, a farmer of Ann Arbor 
 tp. ; Ida, Charles A., Fred., Almira and Jay. 
 
 Patrick Purtell, a prominent farmer of Nortlifield tp.,was born 
 in Washtenaw' county, March 16, 1846. His parents, Michael and 
 Eliza (Kent) Purtell, were natives of Ireland, and emigrated to 
 to the United States in 1835, first settling in Pennsylvania. Six 
 years later they came to Washtenaw county, locating on sec. 4, 
 Ann Arbor tp., and in 1858 removed to Northfield tp., where the 
 former died April 22, 1867, and the latter April 21, 1875. Pat- 
 rick was reared to manhood on a farm, and received very fair edu- 
 cational advantages. He taught school for 14 winters, and bears a 
 good reputation among the members of that profession . Mr. Pur- 
 tell has been School Inspector, Clerk, and at present is serving his 
 third term as Supervisor of Northfield tp. He was one of the 
 three persons who organized the St. Patrick's Temperance Society, 
 which is now one of the societies of that nature in Michigan. Mr. 
 Purtell's whole soul is in the temperance work, and during the fore 
 part of 1881 he organized a dramatic company in Northfield, which 
 rendered the " Whisky Fiend," to large and crowded audiences in 
 the old Catholic Church in Northfield tp., and Hill's Opera House, 
 at Ann Arbor. Mr. Purtell has but one sister living, Catherine, 
 
664 HISTOEl OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 wife of Matthew Cavanaugh, Mr. P. owns 100 acres ot good 
 land in sec. 21. 
 
 John S«7ie, retired merchant, was born in OntarioCo. N.Y., Jnly 
 15, 1800. Eis parents wereWilliara and Julia A. Eane. Mr. Eane 
 was bound out to work when quite a youth, and thereby deprived 
 of many advantages which he would have otherwise received. He 
 was an early settler in Livingston county, Mich., and in 1851 located 
 at Whitmore Lake, where he was engaged in the grocery business 
 for over 12 years. In 1875 he retired from the active field of 
 labor, having secured a competency sufficient to keep him the re- 
 mainder of his life. He married Betsey Loomis, and 4 children 
 were born to them — Francis, Julia A., Jane A. and Irene J. Mrs. 
 Rane died, and March 10, 1842, Mr. R. married Irene Coolbaugh, 
 who was born in Yates county, N. Y., Dec. 28, 1819. Of tlie 8 
 children born to this union 3 are living — Willi-am, Betsey and 
 Amelia. Mr. Rane has been successful in his farming operations, 
 and owns at present 160 acres of well improved land in sec. 5. 
 
 Richard Moach, farmer, sec. 8; P. 0., Whitmore Lake; was born 
 in New York city March 30, 1832. His parents, Richard and Ro- 
 sanna (Develin) Roach, were natives of Ireland. The father came 
 to America in 1827, and the mother followed a year later. They 
 were married in New York, and emigrated to Wayne county, Mich., 
 in 1836, remaining there four years, and then removed to this 
 county, first settling in Northfield tp. In 1854 Mrs. R. moved 
 into Ann Arbor, remaining until 1876, when she returned to the 
 farm. Mr. Roach died in Wayne, county, Mich, in 183S. Richard 
 received a fair education, and has followed the vocation of a farmer 
 through life. He commenced to teach school at the age of 17 
 years, since which time he has taught 13 winter terms. He was 
 married April 17, 1857, to Mary Stubbs, a native of Monroe coun- 
 tJ^ N. Y. Two children were born to this union, both of whom are 
 dead. Mrs. Roach died Oct. 13, 1871. Mr. Roach was again mar- 
 ried May 15, 1876, to Hannah Maloney, who was born in this 
 county April 21, 1847. Two children are the fruits of this union 
 — Mary A. and Ellen. Mr. Roach has been Drain Commissioner, 
 and at present is Supt. of Schools of Northfield tp. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Roach are members of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Martin Ryan, farmer, sec. 16; P. O. address, Ann Arbor; was 
 born in Vermont, Aug. 18, 1832. His parents, Thomas and Jo- 
 hanna Ryan, were married in Ireland, and came to the United 
 States in 1830, locating in Vermont. Four years later they re- 
 moved to Ann Arbor, Mich., where they remained two years, and 
 then settled in Northfield tp. Mrs. Ryan died May 28, 1857, and 
 her husband Jan. 31, 1861. Of their 7 children 6 are still living. 
 Martin was raised a ''farmer's boy," and received his education in 
 the district schools. He was married May 3, 1858, to Catherine 
 Ryan, who was born in Freedom tp. Oct. 12, 1840. Ten children 
 were sent to bless this alliance, 5 of whom are living — Martha, 
 born Sept. 9, i860; Michael, born Sept. 1, 1864; Sarali, born Oct. 
 
NOBTHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 665 
 
 11, 1868; Eobert, born Aug. 20, 1871, and Martin A., born Oct. 8, 
 1875. Mr. Ryan has served as Constable of the township, and 
 owns 160 acres of fertile land. Mr. and Mrs. Ryan are members 
 of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Carl Schlimmer, farmer, sec. 19, was born in Germany May 23, 
 1815, and is a son of Adam and Catherine (Bush) Schlimnier. He 
 learned the hatter's trade when quite young, and in 1837 emigrated 
 to America, locating in New York city. He there followed his 
 trade, working for Charles King until he was able to start in busi- 
 ness for himself He finally succeeded in establishing a good pay- 
 ing business and was doing well, when a fire broke out one night 
 and consumed his entire stock of goods, leaving him once more a 
 penniless man. He was not discouraged, but immediately set him- 
 self to work to retrieve his lost fortune. With the kindly assistance 
 of friends and the noble sacrifices of his amiable wife, who pledged 
 her jewelry for money, he was enabled to once more start in busi- 
 ness. He continued at his trade until 1845, when he disposed of 
 his stock and located on a farm near Ypsilanti, Mich., remaining 
 there one year, engaged in farming. He returned to J^ew York, 
 where he followed his trade until the fall of 1847, at which time he 
 came again to Washtenaw county, and located on his former tract 
 of land. He lived thereuntil 1858, and then removed to his pres- 
 ent location. Mr. Schlimmer has passed through many trj'ing 
 ordeals, but is now comfortably situated in life, and enjoys his 
 present circumstances with a zeal sharpened by long years of toil 
 and sorrow. He owns 200 acres of land, well cultivated. He was 
 married Dec. 13, 1840, to Lucette P. Rotert, who was born in 
 Germany July 24, 1817. They have 8 children — Louisa, Mar- 
 garet, Mar}', Edward, Lana, Lucette, Lodemme and Charles. 
 
 Solomon F. Sears, one of Northfield's oldest pioneers, was born 
 at Ashtield, Franklin Co., Mass., June 22, 1816. His father, Peter 
 Sears, was born in Massachusetts Aug. 24, 1787, and was a descend- 
 ant of Richard Sears, a Pilgrim father, who came to America in 
 1620. Mr. Peter Sears was married March 15, 1808, to Lucy Fuller, 
 who was born in Massachusetts, Feb. 22, 1789. Ten children were 
 born to this union, S sons and 2 daughters. In 1826, Mr. Sears, 
 in company with a neighbor, Luther Boyden, came to Washtenaw 
 county, and located land on sec. "36, Webster tp., and sec. 31, North- 
 field tp. He died on the latter farm Jan. 18, 1867, and was buried 
 in Webster cemetery. He was an agriculturist through life, and a 
 worthy member of the Congregational Church of Webster tp. Mrs. 
 Sears was also a member of that body, and passed away from earth 
 Jan. 23, 1875. She was laid to rest near her husband in Webster 
 cemetery. Solomon F. Sears received his literary education in a 
 log school-house, in Webster tp., where he attended school two 
 months in each year for six copsecutive years. At the age of 21 
 years he left home and engaged as a clerk in mercantile pursuits 
 in Ann Arbor and Adrian, remaining in both places for seven 
 years. This constituted his entire mercantile career, and he after- 
 
666 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ward returned to the farm, where he has since resided. He was 
 married at Tecumseh, Mich., Dec. 24, 1845, to Olive D. Fisher, who 
 was born in Massachusetts Oct. 18, 1820. Three children were 
 born to them, 2 sons and 1 daughter — Lucy E., who married 
 Dr. E. McFarland, of Blissiield, Lenawee Co., Mich.; D wight 
 Brainard, born in Northfleld tp., Nov. 12, 1852, and Henry L., 
 who was born July 14, 1855. Mrs. Sears died April 3, 1874, and 
 on Aug. 25, 1875, Mr. Sears married Mrs. Phoebe (^Robinson) Hull, 
 of Ann Arbor, who was born Jan. 29, 1832. Her father, Sylvanns 
 Hull, came to this county in 1836. Mr. Sears united with the 
 Congregational Church of Webster tp., in 1838, and has been Trus- 
 tee of the church, and Superintendent of the Sunday-school many 
 times. Politically, Mr. Sears was a Whig, but joined the Repub- 
 lican party at date of organization. He has been financially suc- 
 cessful, and owns 183 acres of land, located five and one-half miles 
 from Ann Arbor. A portrait of Mr. Sears will appear elsewhere 
 in this volume. 
 
 John Shanahan, a native of Washtenaw county, was born Sept. 
 22, 1847. His parents, John and Julia (Kearney) Shanahan, were 
 natives of Ireland, and came to this county in 1840, where the 
 former died July 25, 1875. Mrs. Shanahan resides at Ann Arbor. 
 John was reared on a farm and received a common-school educa- 
 tion. He was married May 6, 1873, to Margaret Clancy, born in this 
 county July 26, 1852. Tliree children have been born in this family 
 — Margaret, Ellen and John. Mr. Shanahan owns 62 acres of well- 
 improved land. Mr. Shanahan and wife are members of the Roman 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 Patrick Sheehey was born in Ireland Dec. 9, 1826, and is a son 
 of Patrick and Honora Sheehey, the former of whom died in 
 1828. Mrs. Sheehey subsequently married Jeremiah Kennedy, and 
 in 1832 they emigrated to America, remaining in Connecticut four 
 years, at the expiration of which time they settled in Ann Arbor 
 tp., Washtenaw county. Three years later they removed to North- 
 field tp., where the latter died Jan. 25, 1878, and the former, April 
 15, 1880. Patrick grew to manhood in Washtenaw, and April 15, 
 1853, married Mrs. Alice (O'Brien) Horigan, widow of Michael 
 Horigan (deceased). They were married in 1847, and 2 chil- 
 dren were born to them — Catherine and Mary. Mr. Horigan died 
 in 1851. Mrs. Sheehey was born Dec. 15, 1822. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Sheehey have 4 children — Patrick, Dennis, Jeremiah and Honora. 
 Mr. Sheehey was a poor man when he commenced in life, but by in- 
 dustry, and economy has succeeded in accumulating considerable 
 property. He now owns 226 acres of well-improved land. Mr. 
 Sheehey and wife are members of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Son. George Sutton, one of the honored pioneers of Northfield 
 tp., was born in Warren Co., N. J., Feb. 17, 1810, and was a son 
 of Nathan and Sarah (Coleman) Sutton, natives of New Jersey, and 
 of English descent. Mr. Sutton accompanied his father to Michi- 
 gan in June, 1830, and located on a tract of land comprising 500 
 
NOETHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 667 
 
 acres, in Northfield tp., where he resides at present. He has been 
 a resident of ISTorthfield tp. since his arrival in this county, and has 
 uniformly been connected with different official positions in 
 the tp. and county. _ He once represented "Washtenaw county in 
 the Michigan State Liegislature. Mr. Sutton was married Oct. 25, 
 1835, to Catherine O. Pray, who was born in New York Jan. 19, 
 1820, and daughter of Esek and vSally Ann (Hammond) Pray, na- 
 tives of Phode Island, and of Scotch descent. They came to this 
 county in 1826, where the former died July 5, 1856, and the latter 
 Feb. 27, 1870. Mr. Sutton and wife are the parents of 3 chil- 
 dren — Nathan E., who was born Jan. 17, 1841; Carrie A., born Jan. 
 14, 1853; Allie, born Nov. 29,1859. Mr. Sutton has been very suc- 
 cessful in his farming operations, and has accumulated a compe- 
 tency sufficient to enable him to pass the remainder of life in com- 
 fort and happiness. He is an active member of the Pioneer Society 
 of Washtenaw County, and in that connection has assisted largely 
 in gathering material and information for the valuable collections 
 now in possession of the society. 
 
 Patrick Wall, an old pioneer and honored citizen of Washtenaw 
 county, was born in Ireland Sept. 25, 1824. His parents, John and 
 Catherine Wall, came to America in 1828, landing at Charleston, 
 S. C. They proceeded northward, and located in Tioga county, N. 
 Y., where they remained three years. At the latter period they 
 went to Detroit, Mich., and in 1836 settled on sec. 10, Northfield 
 tp., where Mr. Wall had purchased land from Government four 
 years previous. He died at his residence June 18, 1854, and his 
 wife followed him March 13, 1868. Of the 5 children born to them, 
 4 are living. Patrick was reared to manhood in Washtenaw county, 
 and June 8, 1845, was married to Mary Doyle, who was born in 
 New York in 1828. Six children were given to this union, 4 of whom 
 survive — John L., James M.,Mary E. and Thomas E. Mrs. Wall 
 died March 4, 1876. Mr. Wall has followed agricultural pursuits 
 the greater portion of his life, but has also been engaged in the 
 milling, grain and produce business. He has held the offices of 
 Constable, Supervisor and Depiity Sheriff, and is a member of the 
 Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Anson Wheeler, farmer, sec. 19, was born in Gi-afton Co., N. H.. 
 April 12, 1831. His parents were Anson and Martha Wheeler, who 
 came to this county in 1838 and settled in Pittsfield tp., where the 
 former died in August, 1870, and the latter a month later. Anson 
 was reared on a farm and received a common-school education. He 
 was married April 11, 1865, to Fannie Osborn, born May 27, 1835, 
 and daughter of Horace and Waity Osborn. They have 3 children — 
 Waity, Kate and Amanda. Mr. Wheeler has been ^&yy successful 
 in his farming operations, and now owns 197 acres of valuable land. 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The town of Webster, on the organization of the county, com- 
 prised a part of the town of Dexter, and was set off and organized 
 by the Territorial Council, March, 1833, and given the name of 
 Webster, in honor of the great statesman, Daniel Webster, then in 
 the zenith of his political fame. Munnis Kenny has the credit of 
 suggesting the name. 
 
 The first township meeting was held at the house of John Will- 
 iams on the first Monday in April, 1833. Calvin Smith was elected 
 Moderator; Pierpont L. Smith and Theodore Foster, Inspectors of 
 Election, and Moses Kingsley, Clerk. At this election each of the 
 township oflicers were elected separately', beginning with the super- 
 visor and going through the list of oflicers to be elected. The 
 election of supervisor was quite close, John Williams receiving 26 
 votes and Theophilus Crawford 25. Moses Kingsley was elected 
 Clerk; Pierpont L. Smith, Solomon H.Matthews and Israel Anus, 
 Assessors; Frederick B. Parsons, Constable and Collector; Sturms 
 Kimberly, Russell Cooley and Charles Starks were chosen High- 
 way Commissioners; Thomas Barber, Poor Director; Charles G-. 
 Clark, Peter Sears and Moses Kingsley, School Inspectors; Ira 
 Seymour, Thomas Barber and Palmer Force, (Commissioners of 
 Schools. 
 
 We are indebted to Hon. J. D. Williams, now a resident of Ann 
 Arbor, but for many years an active citizen of Webster, for much of 
 the information contained in this sketch. The interest he has 
 manifested in gathering up and preserving the historj' of this 
 county, and especially of this town, deserves commendable mention. 
 
 Samuel W. Dexter was the first settler of the town of Webster. 
 Mr. Dexter came to Detroit June 10, 1824, and located a large 
 tract of land in this township. By the 23d of August he had erected 
 a log house, the first here. In the fall, Mr. Dexter went back East, 
 but returned in the summer of 1825. The house built by him was 
 purchased in the fall of 1821:, by Charles B. Taylor, who immediately 
 occupied it with his family, thus becoming the first in the town- 
 ship. 
 
 Thomas Alexander, the first settler in the southeast part of the 
 town, came from Wales, England. He did not come directly to 
 Webster, but settled in the township of Ann Arbor. This was in 
 the fall of 1825. He remained there until May ], 1826, when he 
 removed to Webster. He built a small shanty in which he lived 
 nntil fall, when he erected a log house, where he resided until near 
 the close of liis life. 
 
 (668) 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 669 
 
 Luther Boyden came to Michigan in the spring of 1826, from 
 Conway, Mass., and located upon section 36. He then returned 
 East for his family, and came back in the following August. 
 
 Israel Anus settled in Webster in the fall of 1826, and lived 
 here about 12 years, when he sold out and moved to Livingston 
 county. He was from Massachusetts. 
 
 Charles Starks was the next settler. He came in the spring of 
 
 1827. Mr. Starks was born in Pennsylvania Jan. 8, 1799, and 
 came to Michigan in 1819. He worked in and about Detroit for 
 two years. At one time he was on a small vessel which ran up to 
 Port Huron, and sometimes went to Mackinaw. On one of these 
 trips across Lake Huron they encountered a storm in which they 
 were shipwrecked on the west coast ot the lake. The crew suc- 
 ceeded in reaching the shore without the loss of life. In this 
 disaster Mr. Starks lost his all. The Indians, of whom there hap- 
 ened to be a company near the shore, took them in and very kindly 
 cared for them as best they could, until they could set out on their 
 way back to Detroit by land. This was enough of that kind of 
 adventure for Mr. Starks. He made his way west from Detroit as 
 far as a settlement then begun on the river Pouge. After a stay of 
 about four years in this place, during which time he married a 
 wife, he concluded to push on farther west. So in the spring of 
 1827 he located apiece of land on the north side of Boyden's Plains, 
 and moved there with his family, stopping with Mr. Anus until a 
 small house could be built. This house continued to be the residence 
 of the family until the summer of 1848, when Mr. Starks built the 
 brick house now owned by Robert McCall. For several years in 
 middle life he made pump-making, as well as farming, his business. 
 His was a manly struggle with the trials and privations of pioneer 
 life. He took part in all the moral and religious enterprises of the 
 community, and contributed his full share in the establishment 
 of good society. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and it was at his house that the first sermon by a Method- 
 ist minister was preached in Webster. On the 26th day of March, 
 
 1828, was born in Mr. Starks' family a daughter, who subsequently 
 married Hon. J. D. Williams, and became the first grandmother 
 who was born in Webster. 
 
 Salmon H. Matthews arrived in Webster May 19, 1827, from 
 Conway, Mass., and was the next settler. Mr. Matthews brought 
 with him a wife and child, his wife's mother, Mrs. Bond, a widow, 
 and two young sisters of Mrs. Matthews, Miss H. Bond and Miss 
 M. Bond', the latter of whom became the wife of Hon. Samuel W. 
 Dexter. Mr. Matthews did not remain long on his farm, when he 
 removed to the village of Dexter and engaged in business, and 
 where, after a few years, he died. 
 
 The next to locate in Webster was Peter Sears, who located the 
 southeast corner lot in the township. Here Mr. Sears (Uncle Peter, 
 as he was familiarly called) built his first house, and here he lived 
 for a number of years. His farm embraced lands in the towns of 
 
670 HIbTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Ann Arbor and Northfield, as well as Webster. The time of his 
 arrival was June 1, 1827. Mr. Sears was a very eccentric man and 
 many stories could be told of his peculiarity. His wife was a noble 
 woman, universally loved l>y all who knew her. 
 
 Stnrms Kimbeily also came in the year 1S27. He was a young 
 man and unmarried at the time, but commenced the clearing of a 
 farm, until recently occupied by his son Austin. Mr. Kim- 
 berly soon gained the respect and confidence of his brother pioneers, 
 and was elected Supervisor in 1834, the second year of the organi- 
 zation of the town. He was subsequently elected to the same office 
 for a number of terms, and also filled many other important offices 
 and positions of trust in society with credit to himself and satis- 
 faction to his fellow- citizens. Pie was a man of deeds, more than 
 a man of words. Plis judgment respecting the affairs and relations 
 of life were relied upon implicitly. Mr. Kimberly died about 10 
 years since. 
 
 Ezra Fish also came to "Webster in 1827, and for a few years took 
 a somewhat prominent part in society, but left for some place fur- 
 ther West. 
 
 Ira Seymour came with his family in the year 1827. Mr. Sey- 
 mour has long since passed away, and none of the family remain 
 in the town. 
 
 John Williams arrived at Ann Arbor April 8, 1828, having left 
 Sempronius, Cayuga Co., 'N. T., on the 29th of March previous. 
 He brought with him his three oldest boys, Spencer, Charles and 
 Jeremiah. He was also accompanied by John Chandler, Jeremiah 
 Fuller and Ilenr}' Scadin. Mr. Williams and his party reached 
 Buffalo in time to take passage on the first boat on the opening of 
 navigation. Says Jeremiah, one of the sons: "The engine of this 
 boat was a high-pressure, and such a terrific snorting noise as was 
 made by the escape of the steam was anything but pleasant to those 
 unaccustomed to stearaboating. After getting fairly out into the 
 lake a pretty strong head-wind was encountered, and the boat, be- 
 ing a rather short, clumsy concern, was tossed about at a fearful rate 
 to those not used to the water,and this being the first trip that spring, 
 many of the sailors, as well as nearly all the passengers, were 
 frightfully stomach-sick, or, as Mark Twain expresses himself in 
 describing a similar scene, ' They all had the ' Oh my.' ' The stops 
 were made at Dunkirk, Erie, Cleveland and Sandusky, and about 
 night of the fourth day after leaving Buffalo, Detroit was reached 
 and debarkation eftected. The horses, on bein^ landed on terre 
 firma, found it difficult to accommodate themselves to the solid 
 ground. It was quite amusing to see them stumble and blunder 
 on being harnessed to the wagon and driven from the boat to the 
 hotel; but spending one night on land was sufficient to restore them 
 to their equilibrium. The party started for Washtenaw county the 
 next morning after arriving at Detroit." 
 
 The first night Mr. Williams spent in Washtenaw county was at 
 the honseof Dr. Lord. The next day he went out to look at some 
 
WEBSTEE TOWNSHIP. 671 
 
 land which he obtained in trade, but not being suited, he traveled 
 over several townships and finally located in Webster township, on 
 section 27. Mr. Williams was born in Orange county, N. Y., July 7, 
 1782, and on June 18, 1801, married Lydia Hughlitt. Ten children 
 were born to them, eight of whom, four sons and four daughters, ar- 
 rived at mature years. In early life Mr. Williams worked at 
 the carpenter and joiner's trade, but subsequently devoted his atten- 
 tion to farming. In 1840 Mr. Williams was appointed appraiser on 
 the public roads of,'the State, namely, canals and railroads. Mr. Will- 
 iams received but a limited education, and in early life was a 
 Presbyterian. He assisted in the erection of what is now the Con- 
 gregational church of Webster township. He was a man possess- 
 ing good natural abilities, and an indomitable will. He died of the 
 heart disease Aug. 5, 1843, and was buried in the soil he purchased 
 of the Government in 1828. 
 
 Munnis Kenny came from Massachusetts to Webster in 1829. 
 (A biographical sketch of Mr. Kenny may be found elsewhere in 
 this work.) 
 
 FIEST MAEEIAGE, BIRTH AND DEATH. 
 
 Among the early settlers of Webster it must not be supposed 
 were no young ladies to captivate the hearts of the young men who 
 were striving to make habitable this new country. Among the 
 early settlers of the town already mentioned was Ira Seymour, 
 who was the father of several as handsome girls as any county could 
 boast. One of these, Miss Ruth Seymour, in 1827 linked her 
 fortunes with Samuel W. Foster, being the first couple married in 
 the town. 
 
 Maria Alexander, now Mrs. Alonzo Gorton, was born June 5, 
 1827, and was the first white child born in this township. The first 
 male child was John Augustus Boyden, born June 19, 1827. 
 
 The first called from Webster was the infant child of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Salmon H. Matthews, who died Aug. 14, 1828. 
 
 SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 The surface of the country is generally undulating. Boyden's 
 plain, situated in the southeast part of the town, is about one mile 
 in length, and about three-fourths of a mile in width. It is quite 
 level. There are no high hills or large swamps in the town. The 
 soil is variable. Boyden's Plain is a good burr-oak soil, generally 
 gravelly loam. Clayey loam prevails generally throughout the 
 southern and middle portions of the town, while in the northern, 
 where more marsh land is found, there is considerable sandy land. 
 The timber is also variable, being what is called timbered open- 
 ings, with some exceptions. Southwest from Boyden's Plain is a 
 belt of timbered land consisting of various kinds of oak, with some 
 hickory and basswood. On the south side of sec. 27 and the north 
 side of section 34 there is a belt of timber, consisting of oak, elm. 
 
672 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ash, beach and maple. Black walnut is also found. One tree in 
 particular deserves mention. It stood on the land located by John 
 Williams. This tree was cut down and sawed into 12-foot logs 
 by Salmon H. Matthews and Ezra Fish some time during the win- 
 ter of 1827-28. They loaded one of the smallest of the logs on an 
 ox-sled and drew it about 10 rods. There the sled broke and the 
 log was abandoned. The others were not removed from the place 
 where the tree fell for quite a while afterward. This tree was seven 
 feet in diameter at the base. The body made eight logs, and is be- 
 lieved to be the largest tree ever found in Washtenaw county. 
 Some of the branches made fair-sized saw-logs, being over two feet 
 in diameter. This big black-walnut tree stood in a ravine through 
 which runs a creek made by the rain and melting snows of spring. 
 The formation of the ground at that spot is such that the sediment 
 carried down by the water has covered the remaining limbs, and 
 they are tliereby kept in a state of preservation. The stump is 
 still standing, but is much decayed. It has been visited by many 
 persons, and is known as the " big black-walnut stump." 
 
 PRODUCTIONS. 
 
 The productions are wheat, corn, oats, barley, hay, wool and pork. 
 Fruit of all varieties abounds. Apples are very abundant. Broom- 
 corn has been cultivated to some extent at different times. Moses 
 Kingsley and Henry Montague raised the first broom -corn in the 
 town, on the farm of John Williams, in 1835. Sorghum also at one 
 time received considerable attention. 
 
 POSTOFFICE. 
 
 Soon after the organization of the township the inconvenience of 
 mail facilities became a subject of discussion, Dexter and Ann 
 Arbor being from four to ten miles distant from many of the new- 
 comers. An application numerously signed was addressed to the 
 Postofiice Department at Washington, asking for the establishment 
 of a post route and postofiice, and^the appointment of a postmaster 
 and mail carrier. The application was promptly responded to, and 
 the appointment of postmaster was conferred upon Moses Kings- 
 ley, then residing a short distance east of the Presbyterian church 
 of Webster. The commission was given during the second ad- 
 ministration of Andrew Jackson, in 1834, Amos Kendall being 
 Postmaster-G-eneral. Henry Montague and Chester W. Kingsley 
 were the mail-carriers by turns; but often Moses Kingsley, with 
 the mail on his back, made his weekly trips to Ann Arbor to carry 
 and receive it, taking the key along with him and stopping to 
 deliver it to Peter Sears, Mr. Barber and Luther Boyden. 
 Stephen Stowell succeeded Mr. Kingsley in the postofiice. He 
 lived with Spencer Williams, his son-in-law, and thence the office 
 was removed. After keeping the office two years Mr. Stowell re- 
 
/i^f^i^-^ 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 6^5 
 
 signed in favor of J. D. "Williams, whose commission bears date 
 Feb. 1, 1839, and signed by Amos Kendall. Subsequently Charles 
 Williams, John Williams, Spencer Williams, William Burnham 
 and Morgan J. Spencer held the office in the order named. It is 
 now held by William Lowe, who lives near Independence lake. 
 
 EI VERS AND LAKES. 
 
 The Huron river crosses the southwest corner of the township, 
 cutting across the southwest corner of section 30, and cutting sec- 
 tion 31 into nearly equal parts. It also runs through Base lake, 
 which lies in section 6. Base lake is a little less than one mile in 
 length, and three-fourths of a mile in width. The other lakes in 
 Webster are Independence and three small lakes having no name on 
 the maps, but known in the town as Park's, Scadin's and Dead lake. 
 Park's lake is on the corners of sections 7, 8, 17 and 18; Scadin's lake 
 is on the north part of section 26; Dead lake lies between sections 1 
 and 12. The largest lake is Independence. It is nearly circular in 
 form, one-half on section 11 and the other half on section 12, and is 
 not less than one mile in diameter. This lake has a history. Some 
 time toward the close ot the month of June, 1827, the few scattered 
 and hard-working settlers took it into their matter-of-fact, patriotic 
 and fan-loving heads to have a Fourth of July celebration. The 
 lake was decided upon as the place of meeting. The day arrived 
 and the people assembled, being full of patriotism, and armed with 
 fishing tackle, cooking utensils, bread, butter, salt, pepper, and any 
 and every thing that was thought could add to the enjoyment of 
 the celebration of the day. Although they had no orator, none of 
 the spread-eagle eloquence, none of the boast and braggadocio 
 common to such occasions, yet they had a good time. The business 
 in hand was fishing and being fished, cooking and being cooked, 
 eatiug and being eaten (for you must know that while the fishermen 
 had a bite in the water and in front, they got numerous bites in the 
 rear), and while all was as " merrj' as a marriage bell," Luther 
 Boyden proposed the name " Independence" for the lake, and so 
 it was christened. 
 
 There are two small creeks in the town. One runs through the 
 southeast corner and empties into the Huron river; the other in one 
 ot its branches heading in the east part of the town, and the other 
 branch, leading from Independence lake, runs northwesterly and 
 empties into Base lake. 
 
 THE BLACK HAWK WAE, 
 
 The spring of 1831 is memorable as the year of the "Black 
 Hawk war." The Pottawatomies, a friendly tribe, were dispersed 
 through the State, and often met the settlers for the purpose of traffic 
 or begging for food and tobacco. Their presence alone was suffi- 
 cient to connect tliem with a race that had been considered the 
 
 41 
 
676 HISTOET OF "WASHTENAW COTJNTT. 
 
 enemy of the whites; and when the rumors and memories of war- 
 like movements on the part of the Indians obtained credence 
 among the scattered and defenseless population of "Webster town- 
 ship, intense fear was the result. It was said that the squaws and 
 pappooses were being sent into Canada, while the fighting braves 
 were massing by the thousands in close proximity to the settle- 
 ments. Hurried consultations were had when neighbors met, and 
 the latest rumors exchanged and intensified. A public meeting 
 was called to convene at the house of John Williams, to devise 
 means of defense, but came to no definite results. Mr. Cogswell, 
 living in the north part of the township, and in the then outlying 
 settlement, removed his household goods and family to the barn of 
 Mr. Williams, where they remained until the excitement ceased. 
 And so Mr. Williams' place was called the "fort." Many hopes 
 and fears were entertained, and even jokes and repartee passed freely 
 around. 
 
 Mr. Kanney, of Dexter, at that time a Corporal in the organized 
 militia, took the responsibility, or had it conferred on him, of call- 
 ing out the soldiers within his district. Hurrying from house to 
 house on foot, he delivered his orders, accompanying them with ail 
 the latest and most exaggerated reports. His message was usually 
 given to the females of the familj', in the absence of the men at 
 their work, with an instructive capacity that no report should suf- 
 fer from the want of exaggeration, and he seemed to rejoice in his 
 success as an alarmist. One instance of a pretty big scare is well 
 remembered. Mr. Gardner Bird had that spring moved on to his 
 new farm, erected his log house, and taken a few acres of land to 
 work on the plains. He was three miles from home at work when 
 Mr. Hanney called, relating his rumors ofthe intentions of the Indi- 
 ans, and their numbers and proximity to Mrs. Bird. The scared 
 wife with her three children, two in her arms and the oldest on 
 foot by her side clinging to her dress, started for her husband. Mr. 
 Bird received the intelligence with many scruples — did not believe 
 the danger so imminent, but could not resist the entreaties of his 
 wife with her little ones, and they all returned to their endangered 
 home, packing up their household goods for a speedy departure. 
 The next morning they were loaded upon the only vehicle they 
 possessed, with the family atop, and with an ox team they were at 
 an early hour en route for their old home in *' York State." They 
 reached Ypsilanti that day, where they stopped for the night. But 
 during the day's travel they discovered that the farther they trav- 
 eled the less alarming tlie reports became. After a good night's 
 rest and the assurance they received that the danger was not so im- 
 minent as it had appeared from Eanney's recital, they determined to 
 retrace their steps. The next night found them once more at their 
 new home, and still no Indians near. 
 
 But the militia, with hurried preparations and exchanging of 
 good-byes with mothers, sisters, and sweethearts, made their ren- 
 dezvous at Ann Arbor, according to military order. But here an 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 677 
 
 unexpected difficulty met them : by what authority were they called 
 here? Who should take charge of them? Such were the interrog- 
 atories passed from lip to lip, and still the question returned unan- 
 swered. 
 
 Gen. Brown, who was supposed to have some authority in the 
 premises, failed to put in an appearance, and no military officer 
 could show any authority for receiving or holding these brave men. 
 who with such ebullitions of patriotism had taken up their arms 
 in defense of those sacred homes which the untutored savage would 
 so ruthlessly desolate. The day was passing away when by com- 
 mon consent the brave soldiers dispersed to their respective homes, 
 cancelled their good-byes, and went to work in their respective corn- 
 fields, thankful when the news reached them at a later day that 
 Black Hawk and his braves had not been this side of Lake Michi- 
 gan, and that the emigration of the squaws and pappooses to Can- 
 ada was a myth, and thus ended — so far as the town of Webster was 
 a party to it — the scare of the Black Hawk war. 
 
 THE SMALL-POX SCARE. 
 
 There is one incident connected with Webster township which 
 will be very interesting, — one dating back to the summer and fall of 
 1832. An emigrant, whose name was Roorabeck, bought the farm 
 now owned by Edgar Cranson. He at once cut logs for a house, and 
 invited the neighbors to help roll them up. The whole neighbor- 
 hood promptly responded, as every new-comer was cordially wel- 
 comed, and every one was ready to help when their services were 
 needed. While the log-raising was progressing a son of Mr. JRoor- 
 abeck, a lad about nine years of age, came out from their tent and 
 sat on a log near to where the men were at work, having what 
 appeared to be an eruptive disease, and when some inquiry was made 
 as to the cause, the family called it the chicken-pox; and so the sub- 
 ject was dropped, attracting little or no further attention. Some 
 days after the boy became worse; a physician was called, who pro- 
 nounced the disease small-pox. This news spread with great rapid- 
 ity through the neighborhood. The fact that so many had been 
 exposed on the day of the raising created great excitement. Meas- 
 ures were at once taken to prepare for the visitation of the loath- 
 some disease, vaccination was used as a preventive measure, and in 
 some cases inoculation was resorted to, and the system prepared by 
 dieting for a mitigation of the disease. After the usual number of 
 days for the development of the disease, quite a number of cases of 
 unmistakable small-pox appeared. Of the number thus attacked 
 three cases proved fatal, while many others barely escaped a fatal 
 termination. When questioned about the malady the Eoorabeck 
 family said that on the boat coming up Lake Erie was an old woman 
 of whom it was rumored that she had recently had the small-pox; 
 but when the captain spoke to her about it she showed a physician's 
 certificate that there was no danger of taking the disease from her. 
 
678 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 This restored confidence and quiet on the boat. This scare was the 
 talk for many da_ys, and few of those who lived in the neighborhood 
 will ever forget it. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The early settlers made provision for the education of their chil- 
 dren at as early a day as their circnmstances and the sparseness of 
 the settlement would permit. The first school-house was erected in 
 1830, on the south side of Boyden's plain. The first teacher who 
 taught here was Miss Marj' Ann Sears (afterward Mrs. Abram 
 Moe), now deceased. Some of the subsequent teachers were Miss 
 Nancy Parsons (afterward Mrs. Eman, and still later the wife of 
 Prof Nutting, who was principal of an academy in Lodi), Ezra 
 Fish, Miss Jennie M. Cooley (afterward Mrs. P. H. Reeve) and 
 Lewis D. Stoweli. This school-house beingforalong time the only 
 one in the vicinity, accommodated a large district, some of the pu- 
 pils living four miles away. Tiie building served the double pur- 
 pose of school-house and meeting-house for a number of years. 
 
 At present there are three whole and four fractional districts, as 
 follows : 
 
 Fractional district No. 1 comprises sections 25, 36, and parts of 
 24, 26, 35. Its school-house is on section 36, and is a frame build- 
 ing, valued at $500. John W. Alexander, Director. 
 
 District No. 2 comprises section 27, and parts of sections 22, 23, 
 26, 34, 35. Its school-honse, which is a frame building, is located 
 on section 27, and is valued at $1,000. George W. Phelps, Di- 
 rector. 
 
 District No. 3 comprises section 29, and parts of sections 19,20, 
 21, 28, 30, 32, 33. Its school-house is of brick, located on the cor- 
 ner of sections 20, 21, 28 and 29. It is valued at $300. Wooster 
 Blodgett, Director. 
 
 District No. 5 comprises section 15, and parts of sections 10, 14, 
 16, 17, 20, 21, 22. Its school-house is on section 15, and is valued 
 at $800. Frank H. "Wheeler, Director. 
 
 Fractional district No. 6 comprises section 12, and parts of sec- 
 tions 11, 13, 14. Its school-house is on section ]2, and is valued 
 at $600. Thomas Kearney, Director. 
 
 ' Fractional district, No. 7 comprises sections 1, 2, and parts of 3, 
 10, 11. Its scliool-iiouse is located on section 2, and is a frame 
 building, valued at $800. George W. Merrill, Director. 
 
 Fractional district No. 8 comprises sections 4, 5, 8, 9, and parts 
 of 3, 6, 7, 10, 16, 17. Its school-house is on the southeast corner 
 of section 5, and is valued at $500. James "Walsh, Director. 
 
 MORAL AND RELIGIOUS. 
 
 The early settlers of "Webster were a moral and religious people. 
 No effort was spared to develop the moral faculties of all. When 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 67^ 
 
 public religious services could not be held, to the closet went the 
 God-fearing men and women, and ofiered up their prayers to God, 
 During the winter of 1829-'30, the good people of the settlement 
 began to see and feel the alarming effects of the free use of wliisky, 
 and began to hold temperance meetings. They organized a temper- 
 ance society and adopted a pledge to abstain altogether from the 
 use of whisky as a beverage. Luther Boyden entered heartily into 
 this movement and did much toward the suppression of the vice of 
 intemperance. In the month of January, 1830, Mr. Boyden com- 
 menced the erection of his first barn. He employed Horace Car- 
 penter to put up the frame. The country was so sparsely settled 
 that in order to get men enough to raise a good-sized barn, invita- 
 tions must be extended to the distance of about 12 miles. It 
 was an unheard of thing to attempt to raise a buildinjjj without 
 whisky, hut Mr. Boyden determined to make the trial. When told 
 that he would fail, his reply was, " Then fail it is." The 25th day 
 of March was appointed as the day for the raising. The men were 
 invited with the understanding that no whisky would be furnished, 
 but in lieu thereof a good supper would be provided, of which all 
 would be invited to partake after the frame was up. Although it 
 was an innovation on an old established custom, it was a success. 
 Mr. Boyden with his indomitable energy, and with the assistance of 
 other temperance men, carried it through, and thus raised the first 
 barn in Webster without whisky. 
 
 In speaking of the sacrifices made by the pioneers, in order that 
 they might meet for religious services, Moses Kingsley thus writes:: 
 " It is unnecessary to speak of the poverty of the few who consti- 
 tuted the pioneers of the township — poverty, only as the term is ap- 
 plicable to the absence of ready money. Sturdy, rugged, earnest 
 young and middle-aged men and women, with their fortunes and 
 reputations to make, with but little besides what God and nature 
 had furnished tliem, with a determined will they leveled the forest, 
 upturned the sod, and cast in the seed, then watched and waited 
 for its fruitage. While providing for the wants of the outer man, 
 they felt the necessity for the moral and spiritual culture which 
 their immigration to their new homes had in a great measure -de- 
 prived them of They cheerfully traveled on foot, or, if fortunate 
 enough to have a team and cart or sled, would place these conven- 
 iences in requisition, and all the family would go miles to meeting, 
 taking a lunch and spending the Sabbath in the rude log school- 
 house, sitting upon the hard slab seats, quite in contrast with the 
 fashionable modern church with its luxurious upholstered seats." 
 
 The first sermon preached in Webster was in the summer of 
 1827, by Kev. William Page, at the house of Salmon H. Matthews. 
 Mr. Page at this time was ministering to the Presbyterian Church 
 in Ann Arbor. An Episcopal clergyman preached a few times at 
 the house of Thomas Alexander during the latter part of 1827. The 
 first minister of the Methodist Episcopal denomination was Rev. 
 Benjamin Cooper, who preached occasionally at the house of Charles 
 
680 HISTOBl OF WASHTENAW COTJNTY. 
 
 Starks, during the fall of 1828. Revs. Leonard B. Gurley, Henry 
 Colclazer and Elijah H. Pilcher were also early Methodist ministers. 
 Eev. Charles G. Clark was the first and only resident minister in 
 town for a period of nearly 19 years. Mr. Clark came to Webster 
 Nov. 27, 1829, and preached his first sermon on the following Sab- 
 bath. Mr. Clark was a minister under appointment of the Home 
 Missionary Society, and for several years received his support, in 
 
 fart, from that society. In January following he organized the 
 'resbyterian Church of Dexter and preached every Sabbath in the 
 vicinity. The next summer Mr. Clark went East and was gone 
 some months, during which time Bible readings were held alter- 
 nately at the house of John Williams and Munnis Kenny. On the 
 return of Mr. Clark, he resumed preaching. In the winter of 
 1832-'33 a protracted meeting was held at the house of John 
 Williams, resulting in the conversion of a number of persons. 
 Those connected with the Church, living in Webster, soon after 
 petitioned the Church at Dexter for letters of dismission, which 
 was granted, and the Webster Presbyterian Church was formed on 
 the 27th of Jan., 1834. In December, 1834, a call was made to 
 Hev. C. G. Clark to become its regular pastor, which call was 
 accepted. Mr. Clark continued in this relation until 1848. 
 
 In 1833 an attempt was made to erect a house of worship. 
 Pledges were obtained to the amount of about $500, much of it 
 being in material or work. In the spring of 1834 the frame was 
 erected, but this exhausted the finances of the building committee. 
 Moses Kingsley was now sent East to solicit funds for its comple- 
 tion. He secured $160, which enabled the committee to enclose 
 the house, and with further help obtained at home, it was painted 
 and temporarily seated. The year following the house was plastered 
 and better seats furnished. This church edifice is probably the 
 oldest in the county. 
 
 The government of this Church remained Presbyterian until 
 1860, when it was changed to Congregational. 
 
 The Church has enjoyed the ministerial services of Kevs. Charles 
 G. Clark, C. Galpin, D. B. Davidson, ISTorman Tucker, Thomas 
 Wright, John B. Fisk, Mr. Gelsten, Joseph Estabrook, Lucius D. 
 Chapin, David Taylor, William Campbell, George Jackson, H. E. 
 Brown, Prof Tyler, B. F. Parsons. Prof D'Ooge and William C. 
 Allen. The following named served as Elders under Presbvterian 
 form of government: Jacob Drenns, David Dwight, Munnis Kenny, 
 Moses Kingsley, Moses M. Boynton, Austin Anderson, Theodore 
 Foster, P. H. Reeve, Norman Dwight, Sturms Kimberly. On its 
 change to Congregational, Philip H. Reeve and Norman C. Good- 
 ale were elected Deacons, and W. R. Waldron, Clerk. Norman C. 
 Goodale died July 8, 1869, and Edwin Blodgett was elected March 
 31, 1871. Rnssell C. Reeve was also elected at the same time. .In 
 1873 Norman Dwight was elected Deacon. 
 
WEBSTEE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 681 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal brethren organized a class in 1830 and 
 maintained its orgsmization until 1843, meeting at first in private 
 dwellings and subsequently in school-houseSt when a schism occur- 
 red, resulting in the dismemberment of the organization. The 
 members united in neighboring Churches. In 1862 a young stu- 
 dent in the University, Kev. Mr. Yandozer, proceeded to gather 
 together the scattered and almost latent Methodist element. A 
 series of meetings were held, a new organization effected, and a 
 church edifice erected about a mile and a quarter north of the 
 Congregational church. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFIOEKS. 
 
 The following are the names of the officers annually elected since 
 the organization of the town. 
 
 SUPEEVISOES. 
 
 John WiUiams 1833 
 
 Sturms Kimberly 1834-5 
 
 John Wmiams 1836-8 
 
 Munnis Kenny 1839-40 
 
 WiUiamW. Todd 1841 
 
 James Ball, jr 1842-3 
 
 Stephen CogsweU 1844 
 
 Samuel H. BaU ..1845 
 
 James Ball, jr 1846 
 
 Stiirms Kimberly 1847-8 
 
 Jeremiah D. Williams 1849 
 
 Stm-ms Kimberly 1850-1 
 
 J. D.Williams 1853 
 
 W. E. Waldron 1853-4 
 
 Marvin Cadwell 1855 
 
 Sturms Kimberly ,1856-7 
 
 Gabriel Conklin 1858 
 
 Robert McCoU 1859-63 
 
 Robert McColl 1864^6 
 
 Thomas G. Haight 1867-8 
 
 George C. Arms 1869-71 
 
 Richard Walsh 1872 
 
 Pomeroy Van Riper 1873-4 
 
 L.D.Bali 1875-9 
 
 Alonzo Olsaver 1880 
 
 CLEEKS. 
 
 Moses Kingsley 1833 
 
 Pierpont L. Smith 1834 
 
 L. D. Stowell 1835 
 
 John Alley 1836-8 
 
 Lyman Bennett 1839 
 
 Jeremiah D. Williams 1840 
 
 Stephen Cogswell 1841 
 
 J. A. Walsh 1842 
 
 J. D. Williams 1843 
 
 John Alley 1844 
 
 J.D.Williams 1845-6 
 
 Munnis Kenny 1847-9 
 
 W. R. Waldron 1850-2 
 
 John Miller 1853 
 
 John C. Wheeler 1854 
 
 H. L. Prosser 1855 
 
 Munnis Kenny 1856-7 
 
 John Miller 1858 
 
 George C. Arms 1859-63 
 
 L. D.Bali 1863 
 
 Gebrge C. Arms 1864-5 
 
 Gregory E. Dibble 1866-7 
 
 Jeremiah D. Williams 1868 
 
 Pomeroy Van Riper 1869-71 
 
 George W. Merrill 1872 
 
 William H. Weston 1873-80 
 
682 
 
 HIBTOBT or WASHTENAW COCNTT. 
 TREABUEEES. 
 
 Frederick B. Parsons 1833 
 
 Alexander D. Crane 1834-5 
 
 Stephen Stowell 1836-7 
 
 Tillotson Wheeler 1838 
 
 Jeremiah D. Williams 1839 
 
 John Williams. . . , 1840 
 
 Jesse A. Gushing 1841 
 
 Henry Scadin 1843 
 
 Elisha Cranson 1843 
 
 Hiram Mason 1844 
 
 Henry M. Queal 1845 
 
 John Alley 1846 
 
 Hiram Mason 1847 
 
 Winthrop Merrill 1848 
 
 William Babcock 1849 
 
 Jacob Blanden 1850 
 
 Philander Wing 1851 
 
 David Morgan 1852 
 
 John S. Scadin 1853 
 
 John Miller 1854 
 
 Robert McColl 1855 
 
 James B. Thurber 1856 
 
 William Burnham 1857 
 
 John 8. Wygant 1858 
 
 John Alley, jr 1859 
 
 Foster Litchfield 1860 
 
 Benedict B. Williams 1861 
 
 M. Starks 1862 
 
 John C. Wheeler 1863 
 
 T. G. Haight 1864 
 
 Atchison W. Gleason 1865 
 
 Worcester Blodgett 1866 
 
 Henry H. Wilson 1867 
 
 Isaac C. Stanton 1868 
 
 Isaac S. Savery 1869 
 
 William H. Weston 1870 
 
 John A. Gushing 1871 
 
 James B. Arms, jr 1873-4 
 
 Gilbert Granger 1875-6 
 
 Andrew J. Sawyer 1877-8 
 
 StearnsT. Wheeler 1879-80 
 
 JUSTICES OP THE PEACE. 
 
 Salmon H. Matthews 1835 
 
 John AUey 1839 
 
 Barnabas K. Dibble 1839 
 
 William Latson 1840 
 
 Charles Starks 1841 
 
 William W. Todd 1843 
 
 William Walker 1848 
 
 William Babcock 1844 
 
 Amos Ball 1845 
 
 Robert M. Snyder 1845 
 
 Lysander Morse 1845 
 
 GharlesStarks 1845 
 
 James B. Arms 1846 
 
 David G. Chamberlain 1847 
 
 Lawrence Olsaver, to fill vacancy.1847 
 
 Lysander Morse 1848 
 
 Samuel H. Bell, to fill vacancy.. .1848 
 Jeremiah D. Williams, to fill va- 
 cancy 1848 
 
 Amos Ball 1849 
 
 Thomas Harran 1850 
 
 Robert Crawford, to fill vacancy. 1851 
 
 Charles Starks 1851 
 
 Samuel H. Ball 1852 
 
 Edward Litchfield, to fill vacancy.1853 
 
 Amos Ball 1853 
 
 J. D. Williams 1854 
 
 John Gordly, to fill vacancy 1854 
 
 V.M. Bostwick, " " " 1854 
 
 Barnabas K. Dibble 1855 
 
 Jeremiah D. Williams 1856 
 
 Robert McGoll 1857 
 
 Nelson H. Alport 1858 
 
 George L. Mc Alister 1 859 
 
 Amos Ball 1860 
 
 Barnabas K. Dibble 1861 
 
 Waiiam H. Weston 1862 
 
 William Eman 1863-3 
 
 Amos Ball 1864 
 
 J. W.Hicks 1864 
 
 Thomas G. Haight 1865 
 
 Stephen C. Alley, to fill vacancy. 1865 
 
 Isaac Terry Mundy 1866 
 
 William H. Weston 1866 
 
 Jeremiah D. Williams 1867 
 
 Robert McColl 1868 
 
 Thomas G Haight 1869 
 
 James McCall 1870 
 
 Wooster Blodgett 1871 
 
 Jeremiah D. Williams, to fill va- 
 cancy 1871 
 
 Luther Palmer 1873 
 
 Jerome B. Palmer, to fill vacancyl873 
 
 William R. Waldron 1873 
 
 Poster Litchfield, to fill vacancv.1873 
 
 Russell C. Reeve ". .1874 
 
 Foster Litchfield 1875 
 
 C. M. Stack 1876 
 
 G. W. Phelps 1877 
 
 Wm. R. Waldron 1878 
 
 James B. Arms, jr 1878 
 
 Gilbert Granger 1879 
 
 Elisha Cranson 1880 
 
Jl. 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 685 
 
 ORIGINAL ENTRIES. 
 
 The following are the entries made from Government : 
 
 Section 1. 
 
 James Horton, e hf of nw f rac qr. 
 Thomas T. Pettis, sw qr of nw frac. qr 
 Garret Rosenkraos, ne qr of se qr. 
 Lawrence Olsaver, nw qr of sw qr. 
 Stephen Hyde, e hf of ne frac qr and nw 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 Stephen Woolaver, w hf of ne frac qr. 
 Samuel Underford, ne qr of sw qr. 
 Samuel Gardner, nw qr of nw frac qr. 
 Elizabeth Hall, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Daniel Tuttle, se qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 Peter Showerman, nw qr of nw frac qr. 
 Cornelius Olsaver, w hf of ne qr and se 
 
 qr of nw qr. 
 David Morgan, e part of ne frac qr. 
 "Winthrop Merrill, e hf of sw qr. 
 Jacob Vandermaker, sw qr of nw frac qr. 
 Lawrence Olsaver, ne qr of nw qr. 
 Martin Olsaver, ne qr of se qr. 
 William Yawger, nw qr of sw qr. 
 Marvin Babcock, sw qr of sw qr. 
 "William Haight, w hf se qr. 
 George W. Case, se qr of se qr. 
 
 Section S. 
 
 Edward Kellogg, e hf of se qr. 
 Christopher L. Calver, ne frac qr. 
 Jacob Blanden, w hf of sw qr. 
 John Schofield, se qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 Rachel Cogswell, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Charles Arms, e hf of se qr. 
 
 James B. Arms, w hf of se qr and e hf 
 
 of sw qr. 
 Patrick Gallaghan, w hf of nw frac qr. 
 Clarissa Arms, sw qr of ne frac qr. 
 James B. Arms, ne qr of nw frac qr. 
 James B. Arms, se qr of ne frac qr. 
 James Gallaghan, ne frac qr of ne frac 
 
 qr. 
 James Gallaghan, nw frac qr of ne frac 
 
 qr. 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 John Dwight, entire section 5. 
 
 Section 6. 
 
 Ruf us Nichols, sw frac. 
 
 John Dwight, ne frac. 
 
 Palmer Force & Rufus Nichols, nw frac. 
 
 Hugh Keilly, sw frac qr. 
 
 Section 7. 
 
 Palmer Force, w hf of sw qr. 
 Harmon B. Benedict, w hf of se qr. 
 
 Thomas B. White, e hf of sw qr. 
 Cyrenus Noble, sw qr of nw qr. 
 Jesse Howard, se qr of ne qr. 
 Rufus Nichols, nw qr of nw qr. 
 Thomas Daley, sw qr of ne qr and se qr 
 
 of nw frac qr. 
 Sylvester Wright, e hf of se qr. 
 Nathaniel Prouty, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Charles Kingsley, nw qr of ne qr and ne 
 
 qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 8. 
 
 Orange Greenman, e hf of ne qr. 
 Ansel Belding, se qr. 
 John Youraan, nw qr of ne qr. 
 Charles Tozer, sw qr of ne qr. 
 Jonas Young, e hf of sw qr. 
 Michael Divine, e hf of nw qr. 
 Jesse Howard, w hf of nw qr. 
 Charles Kingsley, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Section 9. 
 
 Rachel Cogswell, nw qr. 
 Augustus Cotton, ne qr of se qr. 
 Jesse Howard, ne qr of sw qr. 
 James B. Arms, nw qr of ne qr. 
 Charles Arms, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Cornelius Sammons, nw qr of sw qr. 
 Jethro B. Lanphere, sw qr of ne qr and 
 
 nw qr of se qr. 
 Abel C. Bunker, sw qr of sw qr and sw 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 James Ball, se qr of sw qr. 
 Benjamin Hobert, se qr of se qr. 
 Austin Sanderson, se qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 10. 
 
 Edward Phelps, w hf of se qr and w hf 
 
 of ne qr. 
 Silas Kenny, sw qr and e hf of nw qr. 
 Jacob Blanden, nw qr of nw qr. 
 Edward Kellogg, e hf of ne qr. 
 Charles Kellogg, se qr of se qr and sw qr 
 
 of nw qr. 
 Patrick Pitzgibbon, ne qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 11. 
 
 Benjamin B. Hoar, e hf of sw qr. 
 John C. Carpenter, w hf of sw qr. 
 Hosea Green, s hf of nw qr. 
 Hiram Thomas, w hf of ne qr and ne qr 
 
 of nw qr. 
 Marvin Babcock, nwqrof nw qr and nw 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 Nathan Thomas, se qr of se qr. 
 Charles Starks, sw qr. of se qr. 
 David Thomas, ne qr of ne qr and ne qr 
 
 of se qr. 
 Cornelius Olsaver, se qr of ne qr. 
 
686 
 
 HISTOHT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Sbotion 12. 
 
 Joseph Johnson, ne qr and se qr and w 
 
 hf of sw qr. 
 Alexander Williams, ne qr of of sw qr. 
 George C. Snyder, se qr of sw qr. 
 Jesse Johnson, ne qr of nw qr. 
 Robert M. Snyder, nw qr of nw qr. 
 Daniel D. Smith, se qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Nicholas Schoonover, ne qr. 
 George Shepard, w hf of sw qr. 
 Nathan Thomas, w hf of nw qr. 
 James O'Brien, e hf of se qr. 
 Thomas O'Brien, w hf of se qr. 
 Frederick B. Parsons, e hf of sw qr. 
 John Youmans, se qr of nw qr. 
 Patrick Coyle, ne qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 14. 
 
 Cyrus W. Pierce, e hf of nw qr. 
 Nathan Thomas, e hf of nw qr. 
 Nicholas Schoonover, w hf of nw qr. 
 George Shepard, e hf of se qr. 
 John A. Bothwell, nw qr of sw qr and 
 
 nw qr of ne qr. 
 Tillotson Wheeler, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Charles Starks, e hf of sw qr. 
 Charles Place, sw qr of ne qr. 
 George Cole, w qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 15. 
 
 Tillotson Wheeler, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Munnis Kenny, w hf of se qr. 
 
 Jesse A. Gushing, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Arunah Collar, e hf of sw qr. 
 
 Thomas Parks, e hf of nw qr. 
 
 Silas Keeny, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Benjamin Reed, w hf of ne qr and se qr 
 
 of ne qr. 
 Patrick Pitzgibbon, ne qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 17. 
 
 Thomas B. White, w hf of sw qr. 
 John Norris, jr., e hf of sw qr and w hf 
 
 of nw qr. 
 Mark Crawford, e hf of ne qr. 
 Philip H. Reeve, se qr. 
 Francis H. Tuthill, w hf of ne qr. 
 Nelson H. Wing, e hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 18. 
 
 George H. Shearman, w hf of sw qr. 
 Cornelius Osterhout, e hf of se qr. 
 Thomas B. White, ne qr. 
 Daniel Layton, w hf of nw qr. 
 Theophilus Crawford, jr., e hf of sw qr 
 
 and w hf of se qr. 
 Francis Hooban, e hf of nw frac qr. 
 
 Section 19. 
 
 George H. Shearman, w hf of nw qr. 
 Robert E. Huxford, w hf of sw qr. 
 Theophilus Crawford, e hf of nw qr. 
 
 Theophilus Crawford, jr., ne qr. 
 Charles Benedict, e hf of sw qr. 
 EU A. Roburds, sw qr of se qr. 
 Lester Williams, jr., e M of se qr. 
 Paul Hawks, nw qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 Peter Williams, e hf of se qr. 
 Francis H. Tuthill, w hf of se qr. 
 John Stanton, sw qr. 
 Richard Peterson, e hf of ne qr. 
 Philip H. Reeve,w hf of ne qr & nw qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Peter Williams, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 William R. Richmond, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Cyrus Loomis, e hf of sw qr & sw qr of 
 se qr. 
 
 George H. Sherman, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Barnard, Daniel and Thomas, jr., Mur- 
 ray, ne qr. 
 
 Cyrus Loomis, nw qr of pe efir. 
 
 Ruf us Thompson, se qr oif rtw qr. 
 
 Charles Kingsley, ne qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Jeremiah Fuller, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Munnis Kenny, ne qr. 
 
 William R. Richmond, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Ezra Houghton, w hf of se qr. 
 
 Henry M. Queal, e hf of sw qr & ne qr 
 of nw qr. 
 
 Daniel, Barnard and Thomas, jr., Mur- 
 ray, w hf of nw qr & sw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 23. 
 
 Enoch Stark, e hf of se qr. 
 Jeremiah Fuller, w hf of sw qr. 
 Arunah Collar, e hf of ne qr . 
 Daniel B. Hammond, nw qr of se qr. 
 Elijah Atwater, sw qr of se qr & ne qr 
 
 of sw qr . 
 Elijah Atwater, nw qr & w hf of ne qr. 
 Philip H. Reeve, se qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 24. 
 Elisha Cranson, w hf of sw qr. 
 William Latson, nw qr. 
 Cecil D. Parsons, e hf of se qr. 
 John Donovan, w hf of ne qr. 
 Owneyand Henry Conlan e hf of ne qr. 
 George Shepherd, whf of se qr. 
 William Lason, se qr of sw qr. 
 John O'Brien, ne qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 25. 
 Thomas Alexander, w hf of sw qr. 
 Jonathan Kearsley, e hf of sw qr. 
 Israel Arms, w hf of se qr. 
 Frederick B. Parsons, e hf of se qr. 
 Charles Starks, e hf of nw qr. 
 Hugh McCall, ne qr. 
 Elisha Cranson. nw qr of nw qr. 
 Gains and Charles Fuller, sw qr of nw 
 qr. 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 687 
 
 Section 26. 
 Asahel Higby, e hf of se qr. 
 Elisha Cranson, e hf of ne qr. 
 Henry C. Scadin, w hf of nw qr & ne 
 
 qr of nw qr. 
 Hannah Kingsley, w hf of sw qr. 
 Greorge Fitzgerald, e hf of sw qr. 
 Moses Gleason, sw qr of se qr & nw qr 
 
 of se qr. 
 Lewis D. Stowell, se qr of nw qr. 
 Elias Cranson, nw qr of ne qr. 
 George Fitzgerald, sw qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 37. 
 John Williams, entire section. 
 Section 28. 
 
 Henry Berdan, sw qr. 
 Charles Williams, nw qr. 
 Gardner Bird, se qr. 
 John Johnson, ne qr. 
 
 Section 39. 
 NathanieLJohnson, se qr. 
 William Hudson, e hf of ne qr. 
 PhUip H. Reeve, nw ^qr & w hf of ne 
 
 qr. 
 Daniel Hoy, s hf . of sw qr. 
 Joseph Collyer, n hf of sw qr. 
 Samuel W. Dexter, e part sw frac qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 Samuel W. Dexter, sw frac & nw frac 
 
 qr. 
 William H. and F. J. Provost, se qr. 
 Joseph Allen, ne qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 Samuel W. Dexter, entire section. 
 
 Section 82. 
 Samuel W. Dexter, sw frac of sw frac 
 qr & n part sw frac qr. 
 
 Philip Brigham, nw qr. 
 Samuel W. Foster, e hf of se qr . 
 Charles Kozabeck, sw qr of se qr. 
 William Presley, w hf of ne qr. 
 Rufus Gorton, nw qr of se qr. 
 Joanna Costello, sw qr of se qr. 
 Robert Montgomery, se qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Silas Kingsley, jr., w hf of sw qr. 
 Doddridge Smith, e hf of sw qr. 
 Orbel Foster, w hf of se qr. 
 Silas W. Gorton, e hf of ae qr. 
 William Latson, ne qr. 
 John Montgomery, nw qr. 
 
 Section 34. 
 
 Ira Seymour, w hf of sw qr and w hf of 
 
 nwqr. 
 Salmon H. Matthews, e hf of ne qr. 
 Ezra Fish, jr., e hf of se qr. 
 Osborne Aldrich, e hf of sw qr. 
 William H. Baker, w hf of se qr. 
 William M. Cotton, w hf of ne qr. 
 John Williams, e hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 35. 
 
 Thomas Alexander, e hf of ne qr & e hf 
 
 of se qr. 
 Lyman and Luther Grandy, w hf of se 
 
 qr & e hf of sw qr. 
 Salmon H. Matthews, w hf of nw qr & 
 
 w hf of sw qr. 
 Samuel W. Dexter, w hf of ne qr & e 
 
 hf , nw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 
 John Boyden, sw qr & nw qr. 
 John P. Andrews, w hf of se qr. 
 Peter Sears, e hf of se qr. 
 Munnis Kenny, w hf ne qr. 
 James K. Barber, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL. 
 
 Edward L.Alexander, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 35, Webster 
 tp. ; P. O., Dexter; is a son of Thomas and Maria (Warren) Alexan- 
 der, the former a native of Wales, and the latter of Ireland. The 
 former died in 1870 at the age of 85, and the latter in 1868, being 
 69 years old. They immigrated to Washtenaw county in 1826. The 
 subject of this sketch was born in this county, March 1, 1845. He 
 was raised a farmer's boy, and has followed that occupation all his 
 life, at present being in partnership with his brother. He was mar- 
 ried in Upper Canada, in 1866, to Sarah M. , a native of 
 
 Canada, where she was born Sept. 24, 1848. They have 2 children — 
 Horace E., born Sept. 12, 1872, and William E.'F., born Nov. 17, 
 1877. Mr. A. is an enterprising and successful farmer, and a man 
 well respected in the community in which he resides. Politically 
 he is a Republican. 
 
688 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTTNTY. 
 
 John Alexander, farmer, sec. 25, Webster tp.; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in Washtenaw county in 1831, and is a son of Thomas and 
 Hannah M. (Warren) Alexander, the former of Welsh and the lat- 
 ter of Irish descent. They came to this county in 1826, being 
 among the first to settle in Webster tp. He was married in Dun- 
 dee, Canada, in 1867, to Emily Kitchen, born in West Can- 
 ada, Jan. 25, 1843, and daughter of Isaac and Catherine (Sciiran) 
 Kitchen. This union was blessed with 3 children — William W., 
 born Dec. 24, 1867; George E., born Dec. 3, 1869; and Mar- 
 shall M., born Nov. 21, 1872. At the age of' 17 Mr. Alexander 
 commenced to buy and sell stock, which business, in connection 
 with farming, he has followed the greater part of his life. For 
 three years he was a contractor on the building of a large railroad 
 through Ohio. He also was engaged in the lumber trade, in St. 
 Clair Co., Mich., for a short time. He has held several local offices, 
 and at present is a member of the Masonic fraternity. In religion, 
 Mr. Alexander is a Liberal, and in politics a Republican. 
 
 M. H. Alexander, farmer, sec. 26, Webster tp. ; P. 0., Dexter; 
 was born in Webster tp. Sept. 5, 1829, and is at present the oldest 
 living native of that township. He is a son of Thomas and Maria 
 Alexander, the former a native of Wales, and the latter of Irish 
 nativity. They emigrated to the county in 1826, and were among 
 the fearless band of pioneers who first entered Webster tp. Mr. 
 A. was married in 1855, to Sarah E. Appleton, a native of Liv- 
 ingston Co., Mich., and probably the first white child born in that 
 county. The fruit of this union is one child — Arthur L , born in 
 1856, and at present a very successful teacher. He bids fair to 
 rank high in the pi'ofession of which he is an honored member. 
 He is connected with tlie Masonic fraternity. Mr. A.'s father can 
 tell many an interesting story of pioneer life, and the trials and 
 tribulations of the early settlers in Webster tp. Mr. Alexander 
 and his wife are connected with the Liberals or Free Thinkers, and 
 are much respected in the neighborhood. He is a Republican. He 
 owns a good farm ot 40 acres. 
 
 liohei't M. Alexander, farmer, sec. 25, Webster tp. ; P. O., Delhi 
 Mills; is the son of Thomas and Maria (Warren) Alexander, and 
 a brother of the foregoing. Mr. Alexander and Luther Boy- 
 den came to this county about the same time. Together they 
 went out one day to examine the soil and Mr. Boyden was rather 
 suspicious of it, thinking it was not of the best qnality of farm 
 land, but Mr. A. took a spade, and digging up a quantity of it, 
 examined it carefully and pronounced it good. They then drew 
 cuts to see who should have first choice of the land lying on the east 
 and west side of the road. Mr. B. was favored by fortune and 
 drew first choice. They then made a solemn vow never to infringe 
 on the rights of the other; i. e., Mr. B. was never to touch any land 
 on the east side of the road and Mr. A. on the west side, and the 
 vow has been faithfully adhered to through life. Mr. A. was twice 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 689 
 
 married — in 1854, in Jackson county, to Clara Baker, a native of 
 "N ew York, where siie was born in 1833. They had 3 children — 
 Eitella (wife of Mr. Rosier, of this county), Olay W. and Clara. 
 The mother passed from earth in 1869. The second marriage was 
 in 1870, to Fanny Howell, a native of Canada, and born in 1846. 
 They were blessed with one child — Lillie. Mr. A. is a Eepubli- 
 can. 
 
 James Bowdoin Arms was born in South Deerfield,Mass., in 1801, 
 and his wife, Clarissa, in Palmer,Mass., in 1802. He bought 200 acres 
 of land on sees. 4 and 9, this tp., and emigrated here with his family 
 in May, 1834; rented a 7x9 log house of Russell Cooley, which he 
 occupied until late the next fall; contracted with a man to build a 
 small frame house for him this season, but after getting the timber 
 almost ready to raise, he got to drinking and ran away. Directly 
 after arriving here Mr. Arms bought two yoke of oxen and two 
 cows, of the late Henry Warner; was then out of money and had 
 to grub for awhile; obtained credit, and bonght his year's stock of 
 wheat at five shillings per bnshel; lived comfortably for awhile; 
 lumber being scarce, lie used blankets for doors. Having only 
 loose boards for a chamber floor, an almost fatal accident happened 
 one night. Mrs. Anns was up stairs on her way to bed with her 
 child, when aboard tipped, and down went the child to the floor 
 below, and Mrs. A. would have fallen through with it had not her 
 husband, who was far more spry then than now, grasped her. No 
 bones were broken. 
 
 It being rumored one day that a bear was roaming in the neigh- 
 borhood, and several panthers in pursuit of him, Mr. Arms saized 
 his gun, started in hot pursuit through a marshy country, and soon 
 came in sigiit of Bruin, who soon disappeared in the woods near 
 by. Although it was near night, Mr. A. followed into the woods 
 until lie obtained sight of him again, but becoming discouraged in 
 the chase, lie gave it up, and undertook to tire off his gun to en- 
 courage the party he had left some distance behind; but after snap- 
 ping the trigger two or three times in vain, he started home. On 
 his way lie examined his gun and found that in his haste in loading 
 he had got the ball below the powder! 
 
 Deer were plentiful. One day Mr. A. saw a dozen in one drove, 
 but unfortunately he had no gun with hiin. Wild turkeys were 
 also abundant — sometimes in flocks so large that they could not be 
 counted, except liy the acre. Mr. Anns once saw as many as 40 
 acres covered by one flock ! 
 
 Some of tiie early neighbors of the subject of this sketch were 
 M.Kenny, Luther Boyden, Wm. Lotran, Elislia Cranson, John 
 Williams, Jacob Blanden, Silas Cogswell, Benjamin R'ied, Hiram 
 Reed, Jesse Cnsiiing, Feter Sears, Charles Stark and Russell Cooley. 
 The last mentioned, a Massachusetts man wiio located herein 1831, 
 was one of the best of neighbors, contributing much to the com- 
 fort of Mr. Arms' family while they were becoming acclimated by 
 fever and ague, etc. He died about 30 years ago. His eldest 
 
690 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 daughter is the widow of the late Deacon T. H. Reeve, and is a 
 very estimable woman. Mr. Cooley's youngest daughter, now Mrs. 
 Averill Bnrnett, resides on the old homestead. 
 
 When Mr. Arms first arrived in this neighborhood, he found a 
 Presbyterian Church already organized, with Rev. Mr. Clark as 
 pastor, who, with the aid of a farm of his own, managed to get 
 along, as the Church was small and poor. The method of attend- 
 ing church then was hj means of lumber wagons, drawn by oxen. 
 Several families would often pile into one wagon, and two j'oke ot 
 oxen would be necessar}' for locomotive power. They always re- 
 membered to take their dinner along with them, as they would have 
 two sermons a day, and eat their dinner and have a social chat be- 
 tween the two hours of service. This was the substitute for news- 
 papers. One Sunday, during the Mexican war, at the close of 
 morning service, a good old gentleman asked, as he descended the 
 church steps, " Do you think this Mexican war will have any effect 
 upon the price of wheat?" 
 
 Mr. Arms' portrait is given in this volume. 
 
 Edwin Ball, farmer, sec. 22, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; is the 
 son of Amos and Polly (Pease) Ball, the former of Yermont na- 
 tivity, while the latter was born in New York, though both are of 
 Scotch descent. They came to this county in 1832, and settled in 
 Webster tp. on sec. 22, where Mr. Ball died Dec. 19, 1867, but the 
 mother still lives there with her son Edwin, having seen many 
 changes in this beautiful country. The subject of this sketch was 
 born on the old homestead, in 1844. Pie was married in Livingston 
 Co., Mich., to Olive Bertustle, a native of this county, where she 
 was born in 1847. She died in 1876. He was married again 
 to Fanny Jones, a native of Livingston county, having been born 
 there in 1858. They have 1 child— May P., born Feb., 1880. Mr. 
 B.owns 22 acres of excellent farm land. 
 
 L. D. Ball, farmer, sec. 4, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in N. Y., in 1835. He is the son of Samuel H. and Olive 
 (Seeley) Ball, the former a native of Vt., and the latter of N. Y. 
 Mr. B., Sr., came to this county in 1835, where he remained until 
 his death, which occurred in 1877; the widow is still living, at the 
 age of 73. The subject of our sketch was married in 1858 to Mary 
 A. Haight, daughter of William and Sarah (Galloway) Haight, 
 two of the old and honored pioneers of the county, having emi- 
 grated here in 1835, and a native of this county, having been born 
 here in 1837. They have no children. Mr. Ball has been honored 
 five times with the office of Supervisor of Webster tp. He has 
 made a specialty of raising blooded cattle, and has a very fine herd 
 of them. In politics votes with the Republican party. 
 
 Samuel H. Ball (deceased) was one of the early pioneers of 
 Washtenaw county. He was the son of Deacon James Ball, and 
 was born in the State of Yermont, April 9, 1804. In 1806 he moved 
 with his parents to Sempronius, Cayuga Co., N. Y. In 1828 
 he was married to Olive Seeley, from which alliance 8 children 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 691 
 
 have been born, 3 boys and 2 girls, 6 ot whom are living. He 
 moved with his famiiy to Michigan in 1835, and settled on 80 
 acres of land in sec. 5, Webster, tp., and by perseverance, econ- 
 omy and industry has succeeded in extending the limits of the 
 80-acre farm until it contains 800 acres of cultivated land within its 
 borders. He was respected and honored by his fellow-townsmen 
 and was called upon to fill the office of Supervisor and Justice of 
 Peace, which he did to the satisfaction of all. He passed away 
 from earth on Aug. 17, 1877, after having felt the frosts of 93 years 
 fall upon his manly head. 
 
 Charles Sleicher, farmer, sec. 22, Webster tp., P. O., Dexter; 
 was born in G-ermany, in 1826. He emigrated with his parents to 
 America in 1844, and settled in Washtenaw county, the same year, 
 where the former lived until their death. Mr. Bleicher was mar- 
 ried in 1850 to Ann Burkhardt, who was born in Germany, in 
 1830. Seven children were sent to bless this union, 4 of whom 
 still survive — Charles W., Frederick M., John C. and Anna S. 
 Mrs. Bleicher's parents came to this county in 1836; and therefore 
 experienced a few of the "trials and tribulations" incident to pio- 
 neer life. Mr. B. owns 132 acres of choice farm land, and himself 
 and wife are consistent members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 Worcester Blodgett is a wealthy farmer and stock-raiser of Web- 
 .ster tp., owning 384 acres on sec. 28, valued at $70 per acre. 
 He is the son of Luke and Mary A. (Anderson) Blodgett, both na- 
 tives of England. They immigrated to this county in 1836, and set- 
 tled where the subject of this sketch now resides, where they lived 
 till death overtook them; the former died in 1879, and the latter in 
 1877. Mr. Blodgett, Sr., was an earnest advocate of the abolition of 
 slavery, and lived to see it accomplished; he was also a worthy 
 member of the Dexter Temperance Society, or Reform Club, and 
 when his death occurred, a resolution eulogizing him was passed by 
 the members. He was an old pioneer and beloved by all who knew 
 him. Worcester was born in New York, Nov. 11, 1831, and raised 
 a farmer's boy. He has been successfully engaged in farming and 
 stock-raising the greater part of his life. In 1879 he was married 
 to Francelia Blodgett, whose maiden name was Derby, and a native 
 of this county, having been born herein 1838. She has 1 child. 
 May L., by her first husband. Mr. B. is a Republican. 
 
 Edward L- Soy den (deceased) was a prominent and successful 
 farmer of Webster tp. He was the son of Luther and Theodosia 
 (Bond) Boj'den, both natives of Mass., and early settlers of this 
 connty, having come here in 1826, and settled on sec. 2, where 
 they remained till death called them from their earthly home; the 
 former dying in 1879, at the advanced age of 91, and the latter in 
 1868, at the age of 73. Mr. B. was married Feb. 8, 1854, to Fran- 
 ces A. Burnett, daughter of William and Helen (Smith) Burnett, 
 both natives of New York, and where Frances was born Nov. 6; 
 1883. They were blessed with 3 children — Helen F., wife of 
 Austin Kimberly, of Livingston county; they have 1 child — Har- 
 
692 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 rietE., wife of Otis W. Cashing of — tp.; they have 2 children; 
 William E. is the youngest child, and resides on the old homestead 
 with his motiier, superintending the farm of 600 acres, and raising 
 short- horn cattle, of which he malies a specialty; and the barns and 
 sheds for their comfort and use cost over $15,000. A fine brick 
 residence adorns tliis large and well-cultivated farm. These build- 
 ings are insured for $:i3,000. Mr. Boyden was one of the most en- 
 terprising and pro^-ressive men in the county, and his son bids fair 
 to become a worthy successor. Mr. B. had but one brotlier, a Col- 
 onel of tlie 10th Mich. Vol. Inf., and who lost his life in 186i, leav- 
 ing a widow and two children to battle with the world alone. Mr. 
 B. died Oct. 17, 1880, at the age of 49 years, and left behind him a 
 record for honesty and uprightness rarely excelled by any man. 
 
 Mr. Bjyden's portrait is given in this volume. 
 
 Luther Boyden was tlie first to do awav with the use of liquor 
 at barn raisings, supplying a good supper in its place. After the 
 first bent was in place he mounted it and told them that no liquor 
 would be given, even if the barn remained there until it ratted; 
 that same barn was the temple in which the connubial knit was 
 tied between Abram Moe and a Miss Miriam Sears; also was the 
 church for that community for a long time. Mr. Boyden was a 
 successful business man, and at his death, left an estate of 400 acres, 
 and all under a high state of cultivation. In his farm life he was 
 very neat and tasty, and probably had better facilities for carrying 
 on farming than any man in this county. He was a liberal sup- 
 porter of religious and educational matters, and rendered valuable 
 assistance in the social and material improvements of Webster tp. 
 
 Hon. WillioAn Burnett (deceased) was born in Ontario Co., N. 
 Y., in 1806, and was the son of Gen. William and Apamsia (Gran- 
 ger) Burnett, of Phelps, Ontario Co., W. Y. His mother was the 
 daughter of Gen. Granger, of Revolutionary fame. In 1828 he was 
 married to Helen, daughter of Fawnia Cole, widow of Gen. Philetns 
 Swift (dec). In 1835 he brouglithis family, consisting of a wife 
 and two children, to JVTichigan, where he lived up to the time of his 
 death, honored and respected by all who knew him. In the various 
 offices of honor and trust conferred on him by his friends and con- 
 stituents from Supervisor to member of the Legislature, he earned 
 a reputation worthy of desire and remembrance. At the time ot 
 his death, he was Treasurer of the Washtenaw County Agricultural 
 and Horticultural Society, and that body appointed a committee ot 
 three to pass resolutions in regard to the death of their worthy and 
 efficient officer. None knew him but to admire his integrity, his 
 love of truth and justice, and his desire to do liis whole duty to his 
 constituents, his country, and his God. But in his domestic and 
 church relations more particularly, he earned a fame and memory 
 worthy of being written out in imperishable lines in the heart's 
 dearest memories. He died Oct. 8, 1856, aged 50 years. One son, 
 Henry S. Burnett, a young man of estimable character, was raised 
 upon his father's farm, and afterward studied civil engineering 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 095 
 
 under Gen. Van Cleve, which profession he followed nntil about 
 the time of his father's death, when he returned to this county and 
 resumed control of the old homestead. A few years after he entered 
 into the hardware business in Shiawassee Co., Mich., remaining 
 there until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when he raised a 
 company of men, and was elected Captain. They tendered their 
 services to Gov. Blair, who assigned them as Co. A, 10th Reg. 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., where they served with distinction through all the 
 hard- fought battles and tedious marches. Capt. Burnett was pro- 
 moted Major of the Regiment, to rank from Dec. 29, 1863. In the 
 battles near Atlanta, Georgia, the 10th Mich, was detailed to cut 
 ofl' the railroad communications at Jonesboro, and to prevent the 
 coufederates from receiving supplies. Major Burnett was put in 
 command of the detailed force, and was attacked by a large number 
 of the enemy. The brave boys of the North led by Major Burnett 
 made a gallant charge on the rebels, but in tlie thickest of the fight 
 their noble commander fell a victim to the enemy's wrath, and 
 they were obliged to retreat. Major Burnett was undoubtedly one 
 of the bravest soldiers in the U. S. service, and deserves to be com- 
 memorated in the hearts of the many whose cause he so gallantly 
 espoused. Frances A. Burnett, the second child of Hon. William 
 Burnett, was educated in the Ann Arbor schools, and was married 
 to Edwin L. Boyden, one of the most prominent farmers of Wash- 
 tenaw county. 
 
 A portrait of William Burnett appears in this work. 
 
 John Boyle, farmer, sec. 25, Webster tp. ; P. O., Delhi Mills ; 
 son of John and Bridget Boyle, both natives of Ireland, and who 
 immigrated to America in 1825, thence to Washtenaw county in 
 1836, and settled on sec. 25. where they remained till death called 
 them away, the former dying in 1870, at the age of 74, and the lat- 
 ter in 1877. Mr. B. is a native of New York, but came to Washte- 
 naw county with his parents, and has followed farming since. He 
 resides on the old homestead, now comprising 225 acres, with his 
 two maiden sisters, and deals to a great extent in stock. He is an 
 honorable member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in politics 
 a Democrat. 
 
 W. O. Brass., farmer, sec. 31, Webster tp.; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in this county in 1S35. His parents were P. W. and F. A. 
 Brass, both of English nativity, who immigrated to Washtenaw 
 county in 1S33, when it was almost a wilderness, and helped in a 
 great measure to bring about the present prosperous condition of 
 this country. W. C. was raised a farmer's boy, and has followed 
 that occupation through life, and at the present time is the owner 
 of 145 acres of choice farm land, valued at $65 per acre. He 
 was married in 1880 to Carrie AUport, daughter of Nelson and 
 Carrie Allport, and a native of this county, where she was born in 
 1849. Mr. B. is a well-to-do farmer, a member of the M. E. Church, 
 and a Republican. 
 
 42 
 
696 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 A. A. £uGkelew, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 20, Webster tp.; 
 P. 0., Dexter; was born in New Jersey in 1822, and is the son of 
 Richard and Sarah (Johnson) Biickelew, both nativesof New York, 
 and of French descent. The subject of our sketch lived in his native 
 State till nine years of age, when he went with his parents to New 
 York, and remained there till 1845, when he was married to 
 Amanda Schneider, daughter of John and Catherine (Cartelyan) 
 Schneider, natives of New York, where the daughter was born in 
 1825. They have 5 children by this marriage — Oselo 0., Es- 
 tella L. (wife of Timothy C. Moore), Sidney, Ophelia J. (wife of 
 Charles C. Ludden, Pomeroy, Ohio) and Austin W. The same 
 year he was married he immigrated to the fair county of Washtenaw, 
 where he has resi'ded since. Mr. B. and wife are members of the 
 Baptist Church, and he is a JRepublican. lie has filled the office of 
 Koad Commissioner for nine years. He owns a valuable farm of 
 80 acres in Webster tp. 
 
 Averill Burnett, sec. 10, Webster tp., is a farmer and stock-raiser, 
 which occupation he has followed successfully through life, now 
 owning and operating 160 acres of richly cultivated land, valued at 
 $65 per acre. He was born in New York April 26, 1818, and is 
 the son of James and AmandaBurnett, both natives of Connecticut, 
 the former of Welsh and the latter of Irish ancestr^^ Mr. B. immi- 
 grated to this county in 1833, and has been twice married, — in 
 1843, to Anna Cooley, daughter of Russell and Betsey Cool ey, both 
 natives of Massachusetts, and a native of the same State, where she 
 was born in 1823. They had 5 children by this marriage, 2 of 
 whom are living — Maria, wife of James A. Wilson, of Jackson 
 county, and Lilia, wife of E. M. Smith, of Emraett countj'. The 
 mother died in 1859. He was again married, this time to Eliza 
 A. Boyden, a native of Livingston county, where she was born in 
 1842, and a daughter of Alexander and Caroline Boyden. By this 
 marriage they have 4 children — James A., William A., Ethel 
 D. and Nellie. Mr. E. lately found some curious relics of the 
 past on his farm, one of which is a thigh bone, found seven feet be- 
 low the surface, and supposed to belong to an Indian ; also has in 
 his possession a stone ax found on his farm some 50 years ago. 
 Mr. B. is a firm believer in the Republican administration. 
 
 William Burnham, fai-mer and stock-raiser, sec. 26, Webster 
 tp.; P. O., Delhi Mills; was born in New York in 1820, and is the 
 son of James and Louisa (Johnson) Burnham, both natives of Con- 
 necticut, and who immigrated to this county in 1855, settling on sec. 
 26, Webster tp. Mr. B. is a farmer and stock-raiser of considerable 
 ability, and has been very successful in these lines, at present the 
 possessor of 93 acres of richly cultivated land, valued at $75 per 
 acre. He was joined in the bonds of holy wedlock in the State of 
 New York, in 1846, to Ellen M. Spencer, daughter of Michael and 
 Mary Spencer. To this union 3 children have been born, their 
 nfimes as follows: William (deceased), Katie (deceased) and Al- 
 
WEBSTEfi TOWNSHIP. 697 
 
 bert S. Mr. B. wns elected Justice of the Peace, but declined to 
 serve. He votes the Republican ticket. 
 
 B. F . Chamberlain (deceased) was the son of David G. and 
 Jane (Osborn) Chamberlain, both natives of Vermont, and old and 
 honored pioneers of the county, having immigrated here in 1832. 
 The subject of this sketch is a native of New i'ork, where he was 
 born in 1823. In 1857 he was married to Almira M. Taylor, a 
 daughter of Obed and Almira (Merriam) Taylor, natives of Massa- 
 chusetts, who came to this county in 1832, and settled in Scio 
 tp., where they lived till they were "called up higher." The 
 former died in 1853, at the age of 54, and the latter in 1847, at the 
 age of 43. Mrs. C. was born in Massachusetts in 1829. To this 
 union 3 children were sent — William J., born Aug. 18, 1859; Lewis 
 G., born May 12, 1863; Charles F., born Jan. 12, 1871. The sur- 
 viving widow still resides on the old homestead, where her three 
 sons carry on the farm, dealing extensively in stock-raising. 
 In the death of Mr. Ciiamberlain, the family lost a kind husband 
 and affectionate father, and the neighbors a well-respected and 
 honored citizen. In politics he voted with the Republican party. 
 Mr. Chamberlain's portrait appears in this work. 
 Thomas Cham,herlain^ farmer and mechanic, sec. 21, Webster 
 tp. ; was born in England in 1833, and immigrated with his parents, 
 William and Eleanor Chamberlain, to America in 1836, coming to 
 Washtenaw county the same year. In Ingham county, Mich., he 
 married Marietta De Camp, who was born in New York in 1832. 
 They have 1 child — Charles. Mr. C. is a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity, and in politics is Democratic. 
 
 Michael 0. Conley, farmer, sec. 16, Webster tp. ; P. O., 
 Dexter; was born in Ireland in 1829, and is a son of Richard and 
 Margaret Conley. He came to America in 1849, and in 1865 was 
 married in Washtenaw county, to Mary A. O'llara, daughter of 
 Michael and Ellen O'Hara. They had 5 children born to ihem, 4 
 of whom are living — Ellen D., Katie L., John F. and Richard H. 
 Edward is deceased. Mr. Conley owns 120 acres of land, valued 
 at $65 per acre, and is a Democrat. 
 
 . JPelix Courtney, farmer, sec. 2, Webster tp.; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born Jan. 9, 1857, and is a son of Judge and Alice Courtney, 
 natives of Ireland, who immigrated to Washtenaw county in 1830. 
 Felix was married Nov. 23, 1880, to Margaret McQuillan, born in 
 this county in 1856, and daughter of Patrick and Anna McQuillan, 
 natives of Ireland. Mr. Courtney devotes a large share of his time 
 to the raising of cattle and sheep, and, like bis father, is possessed 
 of more than ordinary business qualities. Politically, he is in 
 sympathy with the Democratic party. Mr. Courtney owns a line 
 farm of 160 acres, valued at $50 per acre. 
 
 John Coyle, farmer, sec. 12, Webster tp. ; was born in Rhode 
 Island in 1835, and is a sou of Patrick and Ellen Coyle, natives of 
 Ireland, who immigrated to America the sameyear of John's birth. 
 Mf. Coyle's sister lives with him, on a farm of 300 acres, which he 
 
698 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 cultivates. They are members of the Roman Catholic Church, 
 and well respected in the neighborhood in which they reside. 
 
 Edgar Cranson, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 33, Webster tp. ; 
 P. O., Dexter; is the son of Elisha and Heroine Cranson, the former 
 a native of New York, while the latter was born in Canada. Ed- 
 ward was born in Ionia county, Mich., in 1846, and was married 
 in 18Y0, to Saletta A. Waldron, a native of this county, having 
 been born here in 1852. They have 1 child by this marriage, 
 Herbert E., born in 1872. Mr. C. is making a specialty of sheep- 
 raising, and has been very successful in that line. Mr. Crsnsoa 
 and wife are members of the Congregational Church. He is a 
 prominent Kepublican. 
 
 Otis W. Gushing, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Washte- 
 naw county in 1847, and is a son of Jesse and Sophia (Butler) 
 Cusliing, natives of Vermont. He was married Jan. 12, 1876, to 
 Hattie E. Boyden, born in this county in 1857, and daughter of E. 
 L. and Frances E. Boyden, natives of Massachusetts. Two chil- 
 dren have been given to them — Lawrence, born Dec. 18, 1876, and 
 Frankie M., born March 9, 1878. Mr. C. has been honored with 
 several township offices, and has proven himself to be entirely 
 trustworthy. He is a man of enterprising business principles, and 
 politically a Kepublican. Mr. Boyden, the father of Mrs. Gushing, 
 possessed one of the best improved stock farms in the State ot 
 Michigan; the out-buildings alone were valued at $15,000. 
 
 Felix Dunlary, larmer, sec. 8, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in New York in 1830, and is a son of Felix and Abagail 
 (Fanny) Dunlary, the former a native of North Ireland, and of 
 Spanish descent. Mr. Dunlary came to America in early days, and 
 spent the fore part of his life at Columbus, Ohio. He was mar- 
 ried in 1854 to Anna J. Gallagher, daughter of James and 
 Bridget (Reams) Gallagher, natives of Ireland. Nine children 
 were born to them, 6 of whom are living — Frank E., John J., 
 William H., Mary, Edward F. and Anna M., the two latter being 
 twins. Mr. Dunlary came to Washtenaw county in 1860, and has 
 since resided here, engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock-rais- 
 ing. When he came to this county he possessed but very little 
 money, but in the years that have intervened, he has toiled long and 
 hard, and succeeded in acquiring a large laaded estate, consisting 
 of 740 acres. He is Liberal in both religion and politics. 
 
 Moses Gleason (deceased) was an old pioneer of this county, 
 , and a beloved and respected citizen and friend. He was born on 
 ' the shore of Lake Champlain, in Vermont, Dec. 29, 1785. He 
 moved to Batavia,N. T., when but a boy and lived there till he 
 married. He lived for some time at Enfield, Tompkins Co., N. Y., 
 where he was licensed to preach the gospel by the M.E. Conference, 
 and soon after,in 1832, emigrated to Michigan, where he followed 
 his noble and cherished calling till old age compelled him to desist. 
 He settled on sec. 26. , Webster tp., where he resided till death called 
 
WEBSTEE TOWNSHIP. 699 
 
 him to that place prepared for those who obey their Master's will. 
 He died Jan. 20, 1870, at the ripe age of 85. 
 
 Thorns Guinon, Webster tp. ; P. 0., Dexter, was born in Ire- 
 land in 1809, and emigrated with his parents to Washtenaw county 
 in 1848, where the latter lived till their death. Mr. G. was married 
 in Ireland in 1836, to Bridget Brizdall, born in Ireland in 1809. 
 Five children have been born to them, 3 of whom are living — Kerin, 
 Michael and Matthew, the latter a graduate of the law department 
 of Michigan University', and at present practicing his profession at 
 Kalamazoo, Mich. The other boys remain at home and carry on 
 the farm, which consists of 165 acres of land, valued at $65 per 
 acre, and situated on sec. 34. Mr. and Mrs. Guinon are consistent 
 members of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 John Saah, {armer, sec. 20, Webster tp.; P. O., Dexter; was born 
 in this county in 1838, and is the son of John and Anna Haab, both 
 natives of Germany, and who migrated to this region in 1832, 
 therefore numbering among the pioneers of " fair Washtenaw." 
 Mr. H. was joined in marriage in 1862 to Christina Cohn, daughter 
 of Michael and Hannah Cohn, both of whom are still living, the 
 former at the age of 74, and the latter at 70. Mrs. H. was born in 
 this county in 1840. They have 10 children by this marriage — 
 Theodore k, ^born Oct. 31, 1862; Emma J., born April 10, 1864; 
 Carrie A., born Nov. 16, 1865: Catherine B., born July 27, 1867; 
 Mary H., born April 25, 1869; Louis J., bornFeb. 4, 1871; George 
 R, born Dec. 8, 1872; Michael F.. born Sept. 19, 1874; Rosa C, 
 born Aug. 1, 1876, and Alfred S., born Aug. 30, 1879. Mr. H. 
 and wife are faithful and consistent members of the Lutheran 
 Church. He is the happy possessor of 165 acres of excellent land, 
 valued at $65 per acre. He is a Democrat. 
 
 Johii Harris, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 9, Webster tp. ; was 
 born in Livingston Co., Mich., Oct. 29, 1839. He is the son ot 
 John and Margaret Harris, natives of New York, and who settled 
 in Livingston Co. in 1835, where they remained till 1854, when they 
 removed to Washtenaw county, at which place the former died in 
 Dexter village, in 1878, while the widow still lives. The subject ot 
 this sketch was married in 1876, in Livingston county, to Catherine 
 Colman, daughter of John and Mary TConelly) Colman, who emi- 
 grated to this county in 1853. They have 2 children — Mary A. and 
 Kittie M. Mr. H. owns a valuaUe farm of 200 acres, on which he 
 raises some very fine short-horn cattle. They are both members ot 
 the M. E. Church. He votes the Democratic ticket. 
 
 Jason Hudson, farmer, sec. 17, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in New York in 1811. He is the son of William and Rhoda 
 (Chapman) Hudson. lie was married in 1837 to Nancy Ilaggerty, 
 born in New York in 1822, and daughter of Reynolds and Sarah 
 Haggerty, both natives of New York. They have 9 children by 
 this marriage, 3 of whom are living — Angeline, wife of Henry 
 Simms, of Webster tp.; Melvina, wife of Nelson Johnson, and Erae- 
 line. When Mr. H. came to this county he had but little property, 
 
700 HISTORY or WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 but by perseverance and economy has acquired enough to keep him 
 comfortably during old age. He owns a farm of 90 acres, valued at 
 $50 per acre. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 William £J. Johnson, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 29, Webster 
 tp.; P. 0., Dexter; was born in this county, Aug. 6, 1836. He is 
 the son of Edward and Nancy (Walker) Johnson, the former a 
 native of England, who emigrated to this country in 1835, and the 
 latter a native of Vermont. The father died in 1838, and the mother 
 followed in 1849. Mr. J. was raised on a farm, and has followed 
 that calling successfully for many years. At present he is the 
 owner of 130 acres of good land valued at $76 per acre. He was 
 married in 1861 to JVIelvina N. Hudson, a native of this county, 
 having been born here May 16, 1839, and a daughter of Jason and 
 Nancy Hudson. By this marriage they have 2 children — Eva N. 
 and Irwin W. Mr. J. is a Republican in politics. 
 
 Patrick Kearney, farmer and stock dealer, sec. 23, Webster tp.; 
 is the son of Thomas and Julia Kearney, and was born in Ireland 
 in 1832. His mother died when he was four years old, and a few 
 years after, his father, with nine children emigrated to America, 
 and in 1840 to this county and settled on the farm where the sub- 
 ject of our sketch now resides. In 1825 Mr. K. started for Cali- 
 fornia by way of Cape Horn, where he safely arrived and remained 
 in the " land of gold" for 15 years, during which time he was en- 
 gaged in mining and operating a large cattle ranch. In the latter 
 business he was very successful, but suffered a great deal from the 
 thieving Indians who infested that region. In one winter they 
 stole about $5,000 worth of stock. In 1867 he removed to Texas, 
 where he remained three years, and then came back to this county 
 and purchased the old homestead, consisting of 280 acres, of his 
 sisters, paying them $20,000 for it, and has resided there since, 
 doing a successful farming business, and one year raised 1,600 
 bushels of wheat from 45 acres of land. He also deals extensively 
 in stock, his long experience in that line in the Western States 
 being quite beneficial to him in his later years. In 1877 he was 
 married in Oakland county, to Margaret Daugherty, who was born 
 in that county in 1845, and the daughter of Nicholas and Marga- 
 ret (Crotty) Daugherty, natives of Ireland, and who settled in 
 Oakland county in 1834, where they are still living. They have 
 no children. They are both members of the Roman Catholic 
 Church. Mr. Kearney is considered one of the most solid and 
 influential citizens of the county. 
 
 John Kenny, farmer, sec. 22, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; 
 was born in Vermont in 1822, and is a son of Munnis and Patty 
 Kenny, who settled in this county in 1828, where the former died 
 in 1864. The mother is still surviving, at the age of 87 years. John 
 grew to manhood amid the scenes of pioneer life, and in 1850 he 
 married Adelia Queal, daughter of Henry M. and Eliza (Bennett) 
 Queal, natives of New York, who emigrated to this county in 
 1829, and rank among the early pioneers of the " region along the 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 701 
 
 Huron." Six children were born to them, Byron D. , Ossian, Eliza J., 
 wife of "Warren Waldron; Ida B., born Jan. 18,1858; Muiinis, born 
 March 13, 1864:, and Bert, born May 9, 1866. Mr. Kenny is 
 
 ?uite au extensive stock-raiser, and sells annually about 400 sheep, 
 n politics he is a Bepublican. 
 
 Jerome B. Lanphear, farmer, sec. 9, Webster tp. ; was born 
 in Washtenaw county Feb. 4, 1840. His parents, Ashley A. and 
 Lovina Lanphear, were natives of New York, and settled on the 
 farm now owned by Jerome, in 1833, where the former died in 
 1877. The mother still survives, and has passed the allotted time, 
 three score and ten. They were the parents of four children — three 
 sons and one daughter, Jerome being the youngest. He was mar- 
 ried in 1864 to Mary M. Page, daughter of George C. and Anna 
 Page, natives of England, the former being at present a Justice of 
 the Peace in Dexter. Tvfo children were given to bless this alli- 
 ance— EUery L., born in 1870, and William A., born in 1876. Mr. 
 L. is a farmer of some prominence, and devotes a good share of his 
 attention to the raising of stock. He owns 120 acres of land, and 
 in politics, votes with the Democratic party. 
 
 William C. Latson, farmer, sec. 24, Webster tp. ; is a native 
 of this county, where he was born in 1833. tlis parents are Will- 
 iam and Elizabeth Latson, natives of New York, who emi- 
 grated to this county in 1832, being among the first to open up 
 this fair region. They lived here till death came to their release, 
 the former dying in 1872, and the latter in 1860. Mr. L. was 
 raised on a farm, and has followed, that occupation through life, and 
 successfully, too, for he now owns 223 acres of rich land, valued at 
 $65 per acre. In 1859 he was married to Mary J., daughter of 
 Henry and Mary Johnson, the former a native of Pennsylvania, 
 and the latter of New York. They were old pioneers of the county, 
 coming here in 1831, where the former died in 1857, but the latter 
 is still living, at the age of 72. This marriage has been blessed with 
 14 children — Frank A., Antoinette E., George H., Aline, Ada N., 
 Lawrence, Elmer, Jennie, Edwin, Anna, and the twins, Lottie and 
 Lizzie. Two twin infants are deceased. Mr. Latsou adheres to the 
 Republican administration. 
 
 L. B. Lee, farmer and stock- raiser, sec. 30, Webster tp. ; P. O., 
 Dexter; is a native of this county, where he was born Sept. 5, 1843. 
 His parents were Frederick and Polly Lee, the former a native of 
 Vt., and the latter of N. Y. They emigrated to this county in 
 1833. The subject of our sketch was married in 1867 to Hattie P. 
 Nordman, who was also born in this county, Sept. 26, 1846. They 
 have one child by this marriage — Anna L. Mrs. Lee's parents 
 came to this county in 1832. Mr. Lee's father died in 1878, but 
 his stepmother, who came to this section of the country in 1830, 
 is still living with him. She has beheld many changes since first 
 coming here, and can hardly realize that this prosperous region, 
 with its thousands of intellectual inhabitants, and in wealth only sec- 
 ond to Wayne, was once a wild and uninhabited section, when land 
 
702 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW GOVSTY. 
 
 could be bought for a mere song. Mr. L. is a well-respected and 
 honored citizen of the county. He is a Republican, and the owner 
 of 190 acres of valuable land. 
 
 Alva P. Litchfieldi farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 34, Webster tp.; 
 P. O., Dexter; was born at Brooklyn, Conn., Oct. 1, 1854. His 
 parents were Edward and Amanda ( Preston ) Litchfield, and old 
 pioneers of this county. On March 1, 1854, he was joined in holy 
 wedlock to Almira Boyd, daughter of Louis and Sophia (Oush- 
 man ) Boyd, natives of N. Y. and where she was born in 1829. 
 Her parents emigrated to Washtenaw Co. in 1836. They have one 
 child by this marriage — Louis A. born in 1854. Mr. L. and 
 his brother Foster are partners in the stock business, in whicli they 
 are successful dealers. Mr. Litchfield is not a member of any 
 Church, but leads a strictly moral and temperate life, and one worthy 
 of imitation in many respects. Mrs. L. is a member of the Baptist 
 denomination. Politically he votes with the Republican party. 
 
 i'<)Si;6r ZiiJcA^eM, farmer, sec. 34, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; 
 was born in Conn., June IS, 1830. He is the son of Edward and 
 Amanda ( Preston ) Litchfield, both natives of Conn., and who 
 emigrated to this county in 1833, therefore ranking among the 
 early pioneers of Washtenaw. The former was born in 1799, and 
 died in 1880, and the latter born in 1802, and died in 1833. The 
 grandfather of Mr. L. purchased 80 acres of land in this county from 
 the Government in an early day. Mr. Litchfield was married in Erie 
 Co., ISf. Y., N"ov. 30, 1852, to Lucy E. Smith, a native of Conn., 
 and daughter of E. S. and Allie E. ( Hays) Smith, the former a 
 native of New York, and of English parentage, and the latter a 
 native of Mass., and of German ancestry; emigrating to this county 
 in 1825. Mrs. L. attended the first school taught in Ann Arbor, 
 and in company with seven other young ladies, rode 40 miles on 
 horseback to attend a 4th of July celebration. Her father and 
 mother are still living, in Lake Co., Mich. This marriage was 
 blessed with 6 children — Ida M., wife of David Waite, of Scio 
 tp.; they have 1 child, Jay D., born Nov. 19, 1879; Allie, wife of 
 Clinton J. Snyder, and mother of one child, Lucy M., born April 
 23, 1879; Fred J., Ernest M., Almira J. and Edward S. Mr. L. 
 has been a prominent man in the township, and has held several 
 local ofiices. Both are members of the M. E. Church, and he is a 
 Republican. In connection with farming he is extensively engaged 
 in the stock business. He owns one-half interest in 160 acres ot 
 richly cultivated land. 
 
 James Lucas, miller; P. 0., Dexter; was born in England in 
 1833. He is the son of Edward aud Jemima ( Metcalf) Lucas, 
 both natives of England. He received but a limited education, 
 and in 1847 was put to work in a mill to learn that trade. This 
 he did, and thoroughly, too. He came to Waslitenaw county in 
 1856, and was married to Susan Hubbard. They have 3 children — 
 Calvin, Hattie and Jay. Mr. L. rented the Peninsula Mills, in 
 Dexter, some time ago, and has been operating it successfully since. 
 

WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 705 
 
 He is the owner of a farm of 50 acres in Webster tp., valued at 
 $100 per acre, and has a good house on it, costing him $1,800 when 
 erected. He lives on the farm at the presen t time. Mrs. L. is a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Aleooander Mallion, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 28, Webster tp. ; 
 P. O., Dexter. His parents are William and Jane Mallion, the 
 former of English, the latter of Irish descent, who emigrated 
 to this country in 1844. Alexander was born on a farm in this 
 county in 1839, and has lived in the neighborhood the greater part 
 of his life. He owns 72 acres of cultivated land, valued at $75 per 
 acre, and is a respected and honorable citizen of the county in which 
 he resides. He was married in 1868 to Mary J. Clark, daughter 
 of Asahel and Mary Clark, natives of Connecticut, where Mary J. 
 was born in 1842. Mr. Mallion is connected with the Democratic 
 party. 
 
 Robert MoC oil, farmer, sec. 26, Webster tp.; P. O., Delhi Mills; 
 is the son of Hugh and Jane (Trotter) McC.,both of Scotch nativity, 
 who emigrated to this county in 1830, after purchasing a piece of 
 land from the Government in 1829, and where the former died in 
 1864, at the age of 69. The subject of this sketch was born in 
 Pennsylvania, in 1824. In 1855 he was married to Sophia D. Lat- 
 son, a daughter of William and Elizabeth Latson, natives of New 
 York, and who immigrated to this county in 1831, where their deaths 
 occurred, the former in 1871, and the latter in 1860. Mrs. M. was 
 a native of the county, being born here in 1831. Seven children 
 have been sent to this happy couple — Ora, Mattie J., Irving G., the 
 twins. Jay P. and Ray J., Willie and Jennie. Mrs. McCoU ranks 
 second of the oldest persons now living who was born in Webster 
 township. Mr. M. is a prominent Republican, and has been elected 
 to fill the position of Supervisor from his tp. several times. He 
 possesses a fine, richly cultivated farm of 325 acres. 
 
 George W. Merrill, farmer, sec. 2, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; 
 was born in Washtenaw county in 1844. His parents were Win- 
 throp and Mary (Haight) Merrill, the former born in Canada, in 
 1810, and the latter was born in 1817. They came to this county 
 in 1833, where they still reside. Mr. Merrill was married in 1871 
 to Frances Ball, daughter of Amos and Polly Ball, who immigrated 
 to this county in 1834, where the latter still lives. Mrs. Merrill 
 was born in 1846. Mr. and Mrs. Merrill ai-e genial and kind- 
 hearted people, and enjoy the respect of ail with whom they are 
 acquainted. In religion they are Liberal. Mr. Merrill is a Dem- 
 ocrat. 
 
 Hon. Morgan O'Brien (deceased) was a native of Ireland, where 
 he was born in 1814. His parents, Cornelius and Mary O'Brien, 
 emigrated with Morgan to America, and believing that Washte- 
 naw county offered inducements in soil, climate, and locality supe- 
 rior to any part of the United States they had formerly seen, they 
 located in this fertile and healthful region, where they resided un- 
 til death called them away. Among pioneer associates and pioneer 
 
T06 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 scenes, young Morgan took his first lessons in the practical part of 
 life. He worked on his father's farm, and acquired a love for agri- 
 cultural pursuits, which grew stronger as each succeeding year 
 came and went, and never ceased until the soul had fled from this 
 earthly form, and he was laid at rest in the silent tomb. In 1845 
 he united his fortunes with those of Mary T. Nanry, she, too, being 
 a native of Ireland, where, she was born in 1812. As time fled 
 swiftly along, it brought 2 children to this happy and peaceful 
 couple, and they were named Eilie M. find Anastaiia, now the wife 
 of Timothy Fohey, of this county. Mr. O'Brien became a promi- 
 nent farmer of Washtenaw county, and in 1850 was nominated 
 by the Democratic Convention as a member of the Michigan 
 House of Representatives. He was elected, and became a member 
 of what was familiarly called tlie " Constitutional Convention," and 
 riglit well and honorably did he serve his constituents in this 
 county. He served one term, and in that short time gained such 
 a knowledge of State affairs as to enable him in after years to 
 be able to see the why and wherefore of the acts that were passed 
 and the bills that were ofi'ered, better than many men who had been 
 elected for several years in succession. When he came to Washte- 
 naw county he had but little capital, but with a strong arm and a 
 brave heart he went resolutely to work to make for himself and 
 family a home, and in tlie years that followed he prospered exceed- 
 ingly, so at the time of his death he left a farm of 220 acres of choice 
 land, which is now occupied by his two daughters. The date of his 
 departure from this earth was June 1, 1876, and in his death the 
 wife lost a kind husband, the daughters a loving father, and the 
 neighbors and friends a warm-hearted and sympathetic neighbor 
 and counselor. His wife did not survive him long, and when the 
 leaves began to drop in the autumn, she too began to decline, and 
 in the month of October she followed him to the place where the 
 dead shall rest till the " angel of God shall stand with one foot on 
 land, and one on sea, and swear that time shall be no more." 
 
 A portrait of Mr. O'Brien appears in this volume. 
 
 Thomas 0^ Brien, farmer, sec. 24, Webster tp., was born in this 
 county in 1839, and is the son of John and Bridget O'Brien, na- 
 tives of Ireland. The former came to this county in 1834, the 
 latter following in 1836, both remaining here till they died. 
 The subject of our sketch was married in 1874 to Catherine Bunes, 
 who was born in this county in 1837, and is a daughter of Edward 
 and Honora Bunes. They have 2 children by this union— Thomas, 
 born Ji;ly 29, 1876, and Edward, born June 4, 1879. Mr. O'Brien 
 is a well-respected citizen, and owns 190 acres of choice land. Both 
 are members of the Catholic Church, and he is a Democrat. 
 
 Michael O^Hara, jr., farmer, sec. 34, Webster tp., is a son of 
 Michael and Ellen O'Hara, natives of Ireland, who emigrated to 
 this county in 1835, where the former died in 1873, after a long 
 and well-spent life. Tlie mother is still living, and resides with 
 the subject of this sketch. Mr. O'Hara owns 112 acres of richly 
 
AVEB8TEE TOWNSHIP. 707 
 
 cultivated land, valued at $70 per acre, on which he resides, a 
 good share of his attention being devoted to stock-raising. Mr. 
 O'Hara and his mother are consistent members of the Koman 
 Catholic Church, and politically, is a faithful adherent to Demo- 
 cratic principles. 
 
 Alomo t^Zsaver", farmer, sec. 10, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; 
 was born in this county, April 38, 18i3. He is the son of Cornelius 
 and Uramia Olsaver, both natives of New York, who emigrated 
 here in 1833. The former passed away in 1875; the latter is still 
 living. On Nov. 4, 1869, he was married to Alice L. Ball, who 
 was born in this county Oct. 6, 1845, and the daughter of Samuel 
 and Celia Ball, the former a native of Vt., and the latter of JST. Y. 
 They had 2 children, one of whom is now living; Eay, born Aug. 
 27,1874, and Mary A., born Nov. 26, 1877, and died in August, 
 1879. Mr. O. is a Republican in politics and represents his tp. in 
 the Board of Supervisors. He owns 155 acres of land, valued at 
 $55 per acre. 
 
 Lawrence Olsaver, farmer, sec. 2, Webster, tp., was a native of 
 N. Y., and born there in 1811. His parents, Martin and Frances 
 (Williams) Olsaver, emigrated to Livingston Co., Mich., in 1834. 
 Mr. 0. was married Jan. 5, 1840, to Nancy Bennett, who was born 
 in N. Y. Sept. 4, 1819, and is the daughter of John S. and Mary 
 (Smith) Bennett, the former of English and the latter of German 
 ancestry. This union has been blessed with 1 child, Mary, who 
 is the wife of Ad am A. Bennett, of Webster tp. Mr. O. is a Re- 
 publican in politics, and was elected as Justice of the Peace but de- 
 clined to serve. He came to this county a poor man, but by toiling 
 hard and saving what he made has acquired a good farm of 107 acres. 
 
 John O'Neill, P. 0., Dexter, was born in Lower Canada in 
 1832. In company with his mother he emigrated to Mich, in 1835, 
 and the same year to Dexter, where his mother still resides, at the 
 good old age of 84. When the late war broke out he enlisted in 
 Co. K, 4th Mich, Yol Inf, and served three years in the defense of 
 his adopted country. He was at both the battles of Bull Run, and 
 at Malvern Hill received a ball in the breast; was also severely 
 wounded in the right hand by a bayonet thrust given by an enemy, 
 and aimed at his wounded breast. At the end of his time of service, 
 he was honorably discharged and returned to Dexter, where he has 
 since lived. He draws a pension from the Government, for injuries 
 mentioned before. He is a Democrat. 
 
 Daniel Parsons (deceased) was a native of England, and born 
 there in 1823. In 1840 he immigrated to the United States, and in 
 1853 was joined in the bond of holy wedlock to Miriam Chamber- 
 lain, who was born in England in 1831. Seven children were born to 
 this couple — Jacob H., Jesse A., Peter A., William J., Joseph D., 
 Sarah E. and MaryE. Mr. Parsons, at the time of his death, 
 owned 60 acres of land, valued at $65 per acre. He died in 1872, 
 and was laid at rest by a large circle of sorrowing friends and neigh- 
 bors. An intimate acquaintance says of him, "He was akind father. 
 
708 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 an affectionate husband, a good neighbor and an exemplary Chris- 
 tian." He was a faithful and consistent member of the M. E. 
 Church, and died believing he should receive the reward prepared 
 for those who do God's will on his footstool here below. In 
 politics he was Republican. His widow still resides on the old 
 homestead, with her children. 
 
 Reuben Queal, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 28, Webster tp. ; 'P. 
 O., Dexter; was born in Pennsylvania in 1825. His parents were 
 Henry A. and Eliza (Bennett) Queal, both natives of New York; the 
 latter died in New York in 1837, and Mr. Queal married again, and 
 with his new wife and children immigrated to this county in 1835. 
 Mr. Q. was but 10 years of age when he came here, and from that 
 time to the present has successfully followed the occupation of farm- 
 ing. At present he owns 120 acres of richly cultivated land. He 
 was married in 1856 to Louisa Kinney, a native of V^ermont, where 
 she was born in April, 1827. Her parents were among the first 
 settlers of the county, coming here in 1819, and her mother, a lively 
 old lady, is living with her, at the advanced age of 87. B^' this mar- 
 riage they have 4 children — Nellie, Kate, Henry M. and Dor. Mrs. 
 Queal is a consistent member of the M. E. Church, and he belongs 
 to the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Q. is a prominent and influential 
 citizen of the county. 
 
 John Stanhope Read, retired farmer, sec. 11 ; P. 0., Dexter; 
 was born in England in 1811, and immigrated to America in 1835, 
 settling in Webster tp., Washtenaw county, where he still resides. 
 He was married in 1836 to Louisa Walton, who was born in New 
 York in 1815, and was brought by her parents to Washtenaw coun- 
 ty, settling west of Dexter in the year 1833. By this union 6 chil- 
 dren have been born to them, 6 of whom are living — Carrie, Greorge, 
 Emeline (wife of Leonard Greene), Walter, Louisa (wife of Albert' 
 Peirce, of this county). They are both members of the M. E. Church. 
 He came to this county when it was wild and nearly uninhabited, 
 and when it was a common thing to look out of the door and see 25 
 or 30 deer, but has toiled hard, and by good management has made 
 enough to keep him the reinainder of his life. He owns a fine 
 farm of 310 acres. Mr. R. has an old and valuable relic in the shape 
 of a family Bible printed over 300 years ago, and for which he has 
 been offered $50, but refused to sell, as the Bible does not look old, 
 and will bear handling for another hundred years. 
 
 Mr. Read's portrait appears in this work. 
 
 Edward Reeve (deceased) was born in this county April 17, 
 1836, and was the son of Philip and Eliza (Kenney) Reeve, old and 
 honored pioneers of Washtenaw county. Mr. R. was a farmer by 
 occupation, and quite successful in his calling. He was married in 
 April, 1859, to Adelle Doane,born in this county Dec. 1, 1840, and 
 the daughter of J. D. and Anna (Moor) Doane, the former a native 
 of New York, the latter of Massachusetts, and old settlers of this 
 region, having immigrated here at an early day. They had 3 chil- 
 dren born to them — Frank W., Giles W, and John. Mr. R. left a 
 fine farm of 120 acres on sec. 29, Webster tp., where his amiable 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 709 
 
 widow still resides and superintends the education ot lier children. 
 He was well respected by all who knew him. 
 
 Hwisell C.Beeve, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 29, Webster tp.; 
 P. 0., Dexter; is a native of Washtenaw county, where he was born 
 June 14, 1842. His parents were Philip and Jerusha M. (Oooley) 
 Reeve, both natives of New England, who emigrated to this 
 county in 1833. . Mr. R. was married in 1866 to Mary Willets, who 
 was born in this county in 1846. They had 1 cl)ild born to them, 
 and soon after Mrs. Reeve died. He married again, this time 
 Alice Sill, a daughter of Thomas and Almira (Phelps) Sill, and also 
 a native ot Washtenaw county. They have 2 children by this mar- 
 riage. In addition to being a successful farmer, Mr. R. has made a 
 specialty of raising fine, blooded cattle, and to-day owns a large herd 
 of genuine short-horns. He has been a prominent politician in his 
 section of the country, and has held several local offices. He is a 
 Mason, and himself and wife are members of the Congregational 
 Church. Politically, he adheres to the Republican administration. 
 He has a large farm where he now resides, valued at |80 per acre. 
 John Roberts, farmer, sec. 6, Webster tp. ; P. O., Bass Lake; was 
 born in Ireland in 1830, and immigrated to America in 1847. He 
 located in Washtenaw county in 1863, and has followed the occupa- 
 tion of a farmer since that time, at present owning 200 acres of good 
 laud. He was married in 1863 to Catherine Gallagher, born in 
 Livingston county, Mich., in 1833. Eight children were born to 
 this couple, 3 of whom are living — Catherine, John and James. 
 Mrs. Roberts' parents settled in Livingston county in 1832, where 
 the former died; the latter is still surviving, at the advanced age of 81 
 years. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts are members of the Roman Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 Charles Rogers, farmer, sec. 5, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in Livingston county, Mich., in 1852, and is a son of Jasper 
 and Apama Rogers, natives of New York. They emigrated to 
 Michigan in 1835, and like many others had to bear their part of 
 the trials and hardships attendant upon pioneer life. On Sept. 27, 
 1876, Mr. Rogers married Helen A. Ball, born in Washtenaw 
 county in 1850, and daughter of S. H. and Olive (Seeley) Ball, who 
 came to this county at an early date, where the former died in 
 1876; the latter is still surviving, and resides on the old homestead. 
 Mr. R. is an excellent musician, and a young, energetic and enter- 
 prising business man. He is a Republican. 
 
 William H. Scadi/n, farmer, sec. 26, Webster tp., is a success- 
 ful farmer of Washtenaw county. He is the son of Henry and 
 Lucy (Stowell) Scadin, both natives of New England, of Scotch- 
 Irish descent, and who were among the early pioneers of the county, 
 having come in 1828 and settled on sec. 26, where the former died 
 in 1846, and the latter in 1873. The subject of this sketch was 
 born in this county Oct. 12, 1836. Being raised a farmer's boy, 
 ■ and liking the occupation, he has still continued to follow it, and 
 with very successful results, as he is now the happj' possessor of 
 
710 HISTOiJT OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 
 
 150 acres of fine farming land. In 1860 he was married to Susan 
 J. Twomly, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Twomlj', the former 
 of English descent, and the latter of Irish ancestry. They emi- 
 grated to this county in 1837, where Susan was born Jan. 16, 1841. 
 To this union 6 children have been born, 5 of whom are living — 
 Russell R., Bertha'M., Effie L., John S., Willie R., and Edith L., 
 deceased. Mr. S. is a Republican in politics and an honorable 
 man. 
 
 /?. M. Snyder, farmer, sec. 12, Webster tp. ; P. 0., Dexter; was 
 born in New Jersey in 1806, and is a son of John and Eleanor (Stan- 
 ford) Snyder. Mr. S. came to Washtenaw county in 1838, where 
 he has since been engaged in farming and blacksmithing. July 
 24, 1830, he married Mary N. Hart, born in New Jersey Oct. 
 12, 1812. Seven children were born to them — Alexander, Harriet, 
 wife of Plenry Arms, of Lansing; Eleanor, wife of John McCloes; 
 Emeline, wife of Oscar Orison ; Rebecca, wife of Aaron Burkhardt; 
 Theodore and George. Mrs. Snyder died in 1873. In 1874 he 
 married Hannah Harrison, born in England in 1832. They have 
 4 children: Keyes W., Martha, Roswell and Charles C. Mr. Sny- 
 der has been Justice of the Peace of Dexter tp., and for 53 years, 
 in connection with his wife, has been a faithful member of the M. E. 
 Church. 
 
 John /Stanton, jr., farmer, sec. 20, Webster tp., is the son of 
 John and Rebecca (Chase) Stanton, natives of New York, and em- 
 igrated to this county in 1834, settling on sec. 20, where the 
 former died Oct. 20, 1847, and where the latter still lives with the 
 subject of this sketch, who was born there in 1844. In 1873 he 
 was married to Harriet Williams, born in this county in 1853, and 
 daughter of Harmon and Emily Williams, natives of New York. 
 To this union 4 children have been born — -Nellie A., Jay B., Charles 
 H. , and Alma. Mr. Stanton is quite a successful farmer, and owns 
 150 acres of land, valued at $75 per acre. He raises a great amount 
 of stock on this land. Politically, he is a Democrat. 
 
 Theodore R. Stanton, farmer and stock-dealer, sec. 19, Webster 
 tp., is the son of Jolm and Rebecca Stanton, both natives of New 
 York, and who came here in 1834, and settled on sec. 20, of this 
 tp., where the former died, but the latter is still living with her 
 youngest son, John. Mr. S. was married in 1863 to Flora Smith, 
 daughter of James and Mary (Neece) Smith, and a native of New 
 York, where she was born April 20, 1844, and emigrated to this 
 county in 1861. They have been blessed with 6 children — Theron, 
 May, Harley, Ernest, Orville, and Deo. He formerly belonged to 
 the Masonic fraternity. He came to this county a poor man, and 
 by industry, perseverance and economy has increased in "worldly 
 goods" till he now owns a fine farm of 180 acres, valued at $60 per 
 acre. He adheres to the Republican administration. 
 
 Cyrus M. Starh, farmer, sec. 10, Webster tp., was born in this 
 county in 1832. He is the son of Charles and Hannah (Tuttle) 
 Stark, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Can- 
 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 711 
 
 ada, and among the first settlers in this county, having come here 
 in 1826. when there were but three or four other families in the tp., 
 those being Judge Dexter, Israel Arms and Mr. Boj'den. The 
 former died in 1852, while the latter is still living at the advanced 
 age of 77. Mr. S. was married Dec. 9, 1856, to Harriet A. Stoll- 
 steiner, a native of Livingston Co., Mich., where she was born in 
 1839, and a daughter of Alexander and Caroline Stollsteiner, both 
 natives of Germany. They have been blessed with 5 children — 
 Maria L., born Jan. 30, 1858; Mary C, born Nov. 31, 1859; Hat- 
 tie E., born March 11, 1861; Fred'. M., born March 4, 1867; and 
 Burr, born Feb. 29, 1868. He is a prominent Republican, and has 
 been Commissioner of Highways several terms. He owns a good 
 farm, valued at $80 per acre. 
 
 Patrick Sullivan, sec. 7, Webster tp., was born in Ireland in 
 1807, and einigrated to America in 1825. His parents were Pat- 
 rick and Honora Sullivan. The subject of this sketch settled in 
 Washtenaw county in 1836, where he has since resided. He was 
 married in New York in 1830, to Johanna Mayniha. who was born 
 in Ireland in 1805. Of their 7 children, 4 are living — Honora, 
 Margaret, Mary A. and Eugene. The deceased are — John, 
 Catherine and Ellen. Mr. Sullivan is 75 years old, but retains pos- 
 session of all his mental faculties to a remarkable degree. His wife 
 is also bowed with age, but is like her husband in this latter re- 
 spect. They own 80 acres of land where they reside with their son, 
 Eugene. They are both members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Isaac Terry, {a.rmer and stock-raiser, sec. 'i8, Webster tp. ; P. O., 
 Dexter; was born in New York, Feb. 10, 1824. His parents, Elijah 
 H. and Margaret Terry, were both natives of New Jersey, and the 
 former of Welsh descent, the latter of Irish ancestry. They came 
 to the county in 1838, where he died in 1858, and the partner of 
 his joys and sorrows in 1870. Isaac received his education in the 
 old log school-houses, attending them only in the winter months, 
 and assisting on the farm in summer. At the age of 10 he com- 
 menced to learn the carpenter's trade, which he continued to work 
 at, in the interval of farming, till 1876. In 1848 he was married 
 to Phoebe Brokaw, daughter of John J. and Phoebe Harriet Brokaw. 
 She is a native of New Jersey, where she was born Aug. 22, 1826. 
 This union has been blessed with 2 children^Miio Flou, born 
 Nov. 4, 1850, and Flora L., born Nov. 14, 1860. Mr. T. did not 
 possess much property when he commenced farming for himself, all 
 he had being one colt, which his father had given him; but by econ- 
 omy and perseverance has become the possessor of 120 acres of 
 choice improved land, valued at $75 per acre. Politically he is a 
 Republican. 
 
 Joseph M. Todd, sec. 11, Webster tp., is a native of Washtenaw 
 county, having been born here in 1838. He is the son of Henry 
 and Rebecca Todd, both natives of New York, who emigrated 
 to this county in 1837, where they still reside. Mr. T. was married 
 in 1866 to Lucy Green, daughter of Hosea and Diantha Green, old 
 
712 UISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 pioneers of the county, having emigrated here in 1834, where the 
 former died in 1861, but the latter is still living, Mrs. T. was also 
 born in this county, in 1846. They have 1 child — Hattie, born in 
 October, 1867. Mr. Todd enlisted in Co. G, 3d Mich. Cav., and 
 served in that regiment two years and six months in assisting to 
 crush the Rebellion. He was engaged in the battles of Corinth, Ilolly 
 Springs and luka, and came out at the end of his term of service 
 with an honorable discharge. He has since been engaged in farm- 
 ing and raising stock. He now owns 92 acres of land, valued at 
 $50 per acre. Politically he is a Republican. 
 
 Nicholas Van Siper, farmer, sec. 22,Webster tp. , P. 0., Dexter; 
 was born in New York in 1822. He is the son of Garrett and 
 Mary Yan Riper, natives of New York and of German descent. 
 The latter died when Nicholas was nine years old, but the 
 former still lives with him on the farm. Mr. V. was raised on a 
 farm and has continued at that business all his life. He owns 97 
 acres of richly cultivated land, valued at $80 per acre. Jan. 1, 
 1847, he was married to Jane Qaeal, a daughter of Henry M. and 
 ■ Elizabeth (Bennett) Qiieal, and a native of Pennsylvania, where 
 she was born in January, 1827. They had 2 children — Carrolton 
 D. and Jennett, now the wife of William Presley, of Mason, Ing- 
 ham Co., Mich., and the mother of 2 children — Florence E. P. and 
 Oscar M. P. Mr. Y. and his wife are faithful members of the 
 Congregational Church. He is a Republican. 
 
 James Walsh, farmer, sec. 10, Webster tp.; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in Washtenaw Co., April 3, 1838. His parents, Richard and 
 Mary (Doody) Walsh, were natives of Ireland, and settled on sec. 
 7, Webster tp., in 1835. where they still reside. Mr. Walsh was 
 married, in 1867, to Ellen O'Hara, a native of this county, where 
 she was born Sept. 16, 1838, and daughter of Michael and Ellen 
 (Quinn) O'Hara, natives of Ireland. Five children were sent to 
 them — Mary E., John A., James E., George F. and Chaj-les E. 
 Mr. Walsh is a live and enterprising farmer and stock-raiser, and 
 in politics strictly adheres to the principles of the Democratic 
 party. Mr. and Mrs. Walsh are faithful members of the Roman 
 Catholic Church, 
 
 Richard Walsh, farmer, sec. 7, Webster tp.; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in Ireland in 1810, and is a son of James and Julia Walsh, 
 who emigrated to America in 1827. They first settled at Roch- 
 ester, N. Y., but nine years later removed to Washtenaw county. 
 Mr. Walsh was married in this county in July, 1837, to Mary 
 Doody, born in Ireland in 1817, and daughter of Nicholas and 
 Bridget Doody. Twelve children were sent to seal the alliance, 10 
 of whom are lining — James W., Julia, Bridget G., Nicholas, Mary 
 Richard, jr., William T., Allen and Alice (twins), and John D 
 Mr. Walsh has been School Director, ten years ; Justice of the Peace, 
 one term; Snpervisor, one term; Collector, one term. Mr. Walsh 
 owns 168 acres of fine farm land-, from which he makes a comfort- 
 able living. 
 

 
WEBSTER TOWNSHIP. 715 
 
 Henry Warren, farmer, sec. 33, Webster tp.; P. O., Dexter; was 
 born in JS^ew York, in 182i. His parents were Thomas and Eliza- 
 beth Warren, tlie former born in Somersetsliire, Ens;., in 1789, and 
 emigrated to America in 1816; to Michig;an in 1835, and settled 
 on sec. 33, Webster tp., in June, 1855. His mother was of Scotch 
 ancestry. Mr. W. was hut 11 years of age when he arrived in the 
 county, and lie was sent to school during the winter months, and 
 worked on a farm in summer till old enough to battle for himself. 
 He was married in Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1859, to Elizabeth Schnei- 
 der, daughter of John and Mary (Varnortztall) Schneider. She 
 was a native of New York, and born there in 1833. They had 8 
 children born to them, 7 of whom are living — -Thomas J., Willard 
 M., Frederick E., Henry F., Cora E., Edith A. and Austin L. One 
 son, Austin, is deceased. Mr. Warren is connected with the Dem- 
 ocratic party. He owns 370 acres of land, valued at $70 per acre. 
 
 William E. Weston, farmer, sec. 22, Webster tp. ; P. O., Dexter; 
 is a native of New York, and born March 22, 1836. He is the son of 
 Jacob and Martha (Moriela) Weston, the former of Massachusetts 
 nativity, and thelatter of NewYork. They immigrated to this county 
 in 1836, where Mr. Weston, sr., departed this life in 1855; the latter 
 is still living, at the advanced age of 75. In 1862 Mr. W. enlisted in 
 Co. F, 6th Mich. Yol. Cav., and served three years in that memor- 
 able rebellion, participating in the battles of Gettysburg, Malvern 
 Hill, and at all the engagements in which the 6th was present. He 
 was mustered outof service at fort Leavenworth, and came to Wash- 
 tenaw county, where he was married in 1868 to Sarah Bostwick, 
 daughter of Simon and Phoebe Bostwick, and a native of this 
 county, where she was born in 1848. This alliance has been blessed 
 with 1 child, Melvina, born in 1868. Politically he is a Republican. 
 He has filled several local offices. 
 
 JohnC. Wheeler, i&rm^r, sec. 15, Webster tp. ; is a native of 
 New Hampshire, and born there in 1824. His parents were Tillot- 
 son and Polly (Campbell) Wheeler, who immigrated to this county 
 in 1830, where the former died in 1862. His mother is still 
 living at the advanced age of 92. Mr. W. came to this county with 
 his parents, and in 1849 was married to Mary, daughter of William 
 and Hannah Harrison, both natives of England, where Mary was 
 born in 1830. This union has been blessed with 5 children — Stearns 
 T., Jean, Oral, Frank and Sam. Mr. Wheeler has held several tp. 
 offices,and in politics is a Republican. He owns 270 acres of excellent 
 farm land, valued at $65 per acre. 
 
 Harmon Williams, farmer, sec. 20, Webster tp.; P. O., Dexter; 
 was born in New York in 1817. He is the son of Peter and Sarah 
 (Tuthill) Williams, both natives of New York, who came to 
 this county in 1831. The subject of this sketch was twice married — 
 first to Emily Hudson, a native of New York, where she was born 
 in 1827. By this union they had 3 children born to them — Isola 
 D., now the wife of Gregory Peatt, of Nebraska; Harriet, wife of 
 John Stanton, of this county; and Gregory H. The mother of these 
 
 43 
 
716 
 
 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 children died in 1874. In the State of Wisconsin, in 1876, he was 
 married to Catherine Wightinan, of New York nativity, where she 
 was born in 1831, daughter of William and Elizabeth Wight- 
 man, old settlers of this county. He is a member of the Congre- 
 gational Church, and Mrs. W. of the Episcopal Church. Politically 
 he adheres to the Republican administration. 
 
 Osbert W-illiams, furmer and stock-raiser, sec. 27, Webster tp. ; 
 P. O., Dexter; was born in this county Nov. 21, 1831. His parents 
 were Spencer and Maria D. Williams, the former a native of New 
 York, and the latter of Vermont. They emigrated to this county 
 in 1828, being among the first settlers within the borders of Wash- 
 tenaw. They settled on sec. 27, and remained there till they were 
 sailed away from this earthly home, both dying in 1868. Osbert 
 was raised on the farm, and has been living on a farm all his life. 
 He was married in Livingston Co., Mich., in 1866, to Sarah E. 
 Cook, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Cook, and a native of 
 England, where she was born July il6, 1843. They have 6 children 
 by this marriage — Ralph, Maria E., Osbert, Frank, Spencer (de- 
 ceased) and Ida (deceased). Mr. Williams has been very successful 
 in a financial way, and now owns 200 acres of good cultivated land, 
 valued at $80 per acre. 
 
DEXTER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The town of Dexter was one of the three towns into which the 
 county was original!} organized, and comprised townships one and 
 two south, in range five east of the base line, and townships one and 
 two in said range, north of base line, and all the remaining town- 
 ships north and south of the base line, in ranges one, two, three and 
 four. It was named in honor of Samuel W. Dexter, the Urst 
 county judge of Washtenaw county. 
 
 The iirst town meeting was held at the house of Mr. Dexter, May 
 28, 1827, at wliich officers were chosen for the town for one year. 
 The following named were elected : Enfus Grossman, Supervisor; 
 Nathan Noble, Clerk; Israel Arms, Henry Warner, Kichard C. 
 Dillon, Commissioners of Highways; Samuel Clemens, Luther Boy- 
 den, Jerome Loomis, George W. Peters, Assessors; Alexander Lav- 
 erty, Collector, and Constable; Sylvanus Noble, Joseph Arnold, 
 Overseers of the Poor; Cornelius Osterhout, Silas Kingsley, Russell 
 Parker, Samuel W. Dexter, Israel Arms, Samuel Clemens, Richard 
 C. Dillon, George W. Peters, Fence Viewers; Palmer Force, Lu- 
 ther Boyden, James Popkins, Pound Masters. 
 
 In 1836 the present township was organized, with Thomas Lee 
 as Supervisor and Amos Gray as Clerk. 
 
 The first settlement of the town was made in 1825, on the north- 
 east fractional quarter of sec. 36, by Sylvanus and Nathaniel 
 Noble, who had settled in Ann Arbor the year previous. The next 
 inhabitants were Joseph Arnold, Rufas Crossman and Henry War- 
 ner, each of whom located his land in the early part of the year 
 1826, made some improvements, and removed their families there 
 in the fall of the same year. The names of those who came into 
 the town within the next two years were C. S. Goodrich, Cornelius 
 Osterhout, David Dudley, Richard Brower, Charles B. Taylor, Levi 
 Whitcomb, Thomas Lee, Isaiah Phelps, Rogers Carrand his sons 
 Enos N. Carr and Elijah P. Carr, Sidney S. Derby and Clark Perry. 
 But one or two yet remain to witness the great changes that have 
 been wrought. Garadus Noble, Adrian Qiiackenbush, Ephraim 
 Carpenter, George H. Sherman, Isaac Pennoyer, Richard Peterson, 
 John G.Peterson, Warren Spaulding, John Bruen, Samuel Northam, 
 James M. LaRue, Patrick Hubbard, Daniel Tuttle and Ebeu 
 Piielps became residents of the town prior to 1833, none of whom 
 are left in the town. 
 
 Cornelius Osterhout and a man named Hull built a saw-mill on 
 the site of the present Hudson Mills, in 1827. Judge Dexter and 
 Isaap Pomeroy built a saw-mill on the site of the present Dover 
 mills, in 1832. Dover Mills were built by Daniel B. Sloan & Co., 
 
 (717) 
 
718 HISTORY or WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 in 1846, and remained in their hands until the death of Col. Sloan, 
 in 1861, when on the settlement of his estate it was purchased by 
 Thomas Birkett. Hndson Mills were bnilt in 1844: by Adams & 
 Peters. Adams' interest was soon after purchased by S. W. Holmes. 
 After several changes in proprietorship, the property passed into 
 the hands of Thomas Birkett, of the Dover Mills. 
 
 NOBTH LAKE M. E. CHURCH 
 
 was organized in 1836 with Rev. Chas. Glenn as class-leader, and 
 a membership of 19, viz: Mary A. Glenn, John Glenn, Jane 
 Glenn, Isaac Glenn, Aaron Vedder, Catharine Vedder, Elijah 
 Brown, Clarissa Brown, John Moore, John Done, Ann Done 
 Sarah Searls, BenjaminlH. Glenn, James E. Crane, James li'. 
 Brown, Ann Jolmson and leader Joseph Whitcomb. The so- 
 ciety met and held services at the house of John Glenn until 
 about the year 1846, when Messrs. Charles and John Glenn, 
 brothers, bnilt at their own expense a small one-story frame build- 
 ing 20x26, the use of which was given to the public for school and 
 church purposes, and used as such until the year 1866, when the new 
 church was built. The present church ediftce, a commodious frame 
 structure 28x40 feet, 14-feet posts, has a spire, is painted white, 
 furnished with comfortable sittings for about 150, has green out- 
 side blinds, and is a credit to the society and community at North 
 Lake. The present Church membership is 70. They have preach- 
 ing every Sabbath, Rev. J. W. Clark, Pastor; also Sunday-school, 
 R. S. Whalian, Supt. 
 
 EBENEZER CHUECH. 
 
 This Church was organized February, 1871, electing D.Heinenger, 
 J. G. Miller and G. Bans as trustees. This society had an existence 
 as far back as 1866, services being held from house to house, and 
 frequently in district school-houses, under the title of the Evan- 
 gelical Association, very similar in form of government to that of 
 the M. E. Church, and the position of pastor was filled at times 
 from the M. E. Conference. In 1871 they reorganized, built a 
 church edifice 38x24, at an expense of $1,130, which was dedicated 
 Nov. 19, 1871, by Rev. W. Yost, of Cleveland, Oliio. The society 
 is out of debt, has services every Sabbath and a Sunday-school, with 
 full attendance. 
 
 There was a Catholic church located on the northeast corner of 
 section 21. It was commenced about 1840, and completed about 
 1846 ; size, 26x36 ; Father Cullen was the first priest. There was 
 no Catholic church between Ann Arbor and Jackson. The church 
 flourished until 1854, when the building burnt. It was the inten- 
 tion to rebuild, but after some delay it was thought best to rebuild 
 in Dexter village, and the fine Catholic church in tliat place is the 
 one. Among the leading members were John McGuerrin, John 
 
DEXTEE TOWNSHIP. 719 
 
 Harrington, of Kyndon, Michael McCabe, Timothy Sullivan, John 
 Doody, John Patrick, Michael Eabbitt, Patrick, Michael and James 
 Lavey, and James McMahan. 
 
 The Episcopals organized a Church about 1834 or '35. Meetings 
 were held in a log school-house on sec. 19, at a point known as 
 North Lake Corners. An effort was made to erect a church build- 
 ing, but it was never completed. Here, one summer, a school 
 was held by Elizabeth Phelps. Mr. Hay Stevenson's family was 
 about the only family there. Dr. Gray, from Dexter, occasionally 
 visited the neighborhood and held services. 
 
 PHYSICAL FEATURES. 
 
 The face of the land in the township is rolling, and in the north 
 ern and northwestern portions quite broken, interspersed very plen- 
 tifully with lakes, marshes and tamarack swamps. 
 
 The first inhabitants of the town were principally from the State 
 of New York, though some of them had emigrated to that State 
 from the New England States. The later acquisitions to the popu- 
 lation of the town have been largely of foreign birth or their de- 
 scendants, those from Ireland largely predominating. The first 
 Irishman who settled ig the town was Patrick Cur tin in 1834, fol- 
 lowed in the next thre^'ears by Patrick Lavey, Michael Lavey, Jo- 
 seph Murphy, John McGuinness, Michael McCabe, James Brogan, 
 Michael Caffery, John Costin, Morris Dwyer,, John McKernan, 
 Nicholas Doody, Thomas Dolan, John Dolan, James Ryan, Ed- 
 ward Eyan, Richard "Walsh, Joseph Walsh and perhaps others, un- 
 til at the present time it is believed a majority of the citizens can 
 claim their descent from the Emerald Isle. There are several G-er- 
 man families, but, with two or three exceptions, they have become 
 residents within the last 10 years. Both Irish and Germans be- 
 come citizens and voters as soon as time and the necessary for- 
 malities required by law will permit. The primitive dwellings in 
 the town were generally built of logs, and there are probably nearly 
 20 occupied as such, several of which have been continuously resided 
 in for more than 40 years. 
 
 A few of the inhabitants still reside on the farms originally pur- 
 chased by them from the Government; among them may be men- 
 tioned Thomas Dolan, Patrick Walsh, and James Ryan. Of those 
 whose children own the lands which they located may be mentioned 
 Isaiah Phelps, Peleg Johnson, Jacob Wilsey, Hay Stevenson, John 
 Glenn, Andrew Smith, Ephraim Carpenter and Edward Ryan. 
 
 Eight school-houses are in this township, all of which 
 are frame buildings. The first three built in town were located near 
 the sites of the present houses in districts number one, two and 
 three. Several of the earliest were built of logs. 
 
 Base Lake postofiice was established at Dover 25 or 28 years ago; 
 it is on the mail route fram Dexter to Howell and has a daily mail. 
 The office has beeir sometimes at Dover and sometimes at Hudson. 
 It is now at Dover. A postoffice was established at North Lake in 
 
720 HISTOET OF "WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 1834 or 1835, and another called Sterling on section 28 soon after. 
 Both were discontinued a few years later. A tri-weekly mail is now 
 carried through on the same route from Chelsea to Dansville, Ing- 
 ham county. 
 
 There are more than 20 lakes of different sizes in the township. 
 The principal of these are Portage, Silver, Half-.Moon, North lake, 
 "West lake, and Four-Mile lake. The Portage, which, by the way, is 
 one of the finest lakes in this country of beautiful lakes, occupies 
 nearly the whole of section 1, a small portion of section 2; and as 
 much or more territorj' in Livingston county; and is about two 
 miles in length and one mile in width, with but little marsh sur- 
 rounding it, except on the south and southwest. The Little Por 
 tage adjoins the Portage on the southwest, and is rather more than 
 one-half of a mile in length and one-fourth of a mile wide. Silver 
 lake lies on the west part of section three and the east part of sec- 
 tion four, and contains probably 400 or 500 acres. Its outlet en- 
 ters the Little Portage. Half-Moon lake occupies tlie greater part 
 of section 6, and also projects into the town of Lyndon on the west 
 and the town of Putnam on the north. North lake lies principally 
 on section 18, extending a little into section 17 on the northeast, 
 and into the town of Lyndon on the southwest. It is a little more 
 than one mile in length and about one-half mile in breadth. This 
 is another of the beautiful lakes of the country, the shores being 
 generally bold, with but little waste land surrounding it in any 
 part. West lake is a shallow body of water in the central part of 
 section 30 ; the shores are bold except on the west and southwest, 
 in which direction a worthless marsh extends some distance. It 
 probably contains about 200 acres. North lake and West lake fur- 
 nish no outlets except in times of high water. Four mile lake lies 
 principally in Lima, but projects about one-fourth of a mile into 
 section 33 in Dexter; it is about one mile long and rather more than 
 one-half of a mile wide. The eastern shore is bold, but on the north 
 and west are extensive marshes, some improvement of which has 
 been attempted by lowering the lake and ditching the marshes; 
 some portions have been benefited; in others the benefit is some- 
 what doubtful. The outlet is one of the head branches of Mill 
 creek. The other lakes in the town are small, containing from one to 
 30 or 40 acres each. They are all stocked with fish, the principal 
 being pickerel, bass, perch, mullet, bull-heads and sunfish. The 
 supply offish in the lakes, and also in the streams, is very much less 
 than at the first settlement of the country. We have no recorded 
 village plat of the township, but little hamlets have grown up 
 around the Dover and Hudson mills. Not much business, however, 
 has ever been done at either place, aside from that directly con- 
 nected with the mills. ' 
 
 The soil of the upland in the southern central portions of the 
 town is good wheat and corn land, composed of clay, sand and 
 gravelly loam in varying proportions, with a considerable admixture 
 of lime. The leading crop has been wheat, for which the land seems 
 
BEXTBR TOWNSHIP. 721 
 
 well adapted; corn, barley, oats, grass, and clover are produced to 
 some extent on almost every farm. In the northern part of the town 
 sand predominates more largely, some portions,especially on sections 
 5, 6, 7 and 8, being very sandy and not very productive. Apples 
 have succeeded well in all parts of the town, and much pains has 
 been taken by many farmers to obtain and cultivate good varieties. 
 Peaches have not succeeded very well except in occasional seasons, 
 on account of severe winters and late spring frosts; the more ele- 
 vated localities and those protected by large bodies of water usually 
 yielding the best results. Other fruits are not cultivated to anjr 
 very great extent. A few farms in the vicinity of North lake have 
 succeeded in producing the best and greatest variety of fruit of any 
 part of the township. The marshes have been a great help to the 
 early settlers in furnishing hay for feeding stock in winter, and 
 some of them, especially near the running streams, still afford a good 
 supply of hay of a better quality than that made from natural 
 grasses; while other portions away from the running streams have 
 deteriorated to such a degree that there is not much dependence on 
 them for hay, though still furnishing considerable pasture. The 
 timber on the upland was principally white and yellow oak and 
 hickory with some burr-oak, poplar, sassafras and soft maple. In 
 the swales, in addition to the above, were found occasionally white- 
 wood, Cottonwood, basswood, red and white elm, white and black 
 ash, black walnut, sugar maple, and red and swamp oak. 
 
 By some blunder in surveying the township, the northern tier of 
 sections contains less than three quarters of the prescribed quota of 
 land, and the western tier of sections also falls short something like 
 from 50 to 65 acres per section. The Huron river enters the 
 township on the east side of section 1, running southerly across sees. 
 12, 13 and 24, and finally leaves the town on the east side of see. 
 25. It furnishes two good water-powers, which are occupied by the 
 Dover and Hudson flouring mills. The Portage branch, or as our 
 map-makers have recently christened it, Turtle creek, runs through 
 Half- Moon lake on section 6, then, passing north of the base line, it 
 re-enters the town near the northwest corner of section 2, and empties 
 into Little Portage lake on the southeast quarter of that section, 
 thence through Portage lake into the Huron river near the €ast 
 side of section 1. The other streams are small, and run toward Huron 
 river, Turtle creek, and Mill creek. 
 
 The south end of Portage lake, on section 12, is noted as being the 
 site of the celebrated city platted and lithographed by the eccentric 
 G. R.Lillibridge, and called " Saratoga of Michigan." The beau- 
 tiful lake in front, the lofty eminence called Prospect Hill in the 
 rear, and a small spring near by, which tasted of iron and perhaps 
 of some other minerals, were magnified by him into great attrac- 
 tions. A steamboat (on paper) for pleasure parties was lannchefi 
 on the lake, and could navigate through Portage, Base and Straw- 
 berry lakes making a round trip of 30 or 40 miles through the 
 most romantic and delightful scenery ever seen in this or any other 
 
722 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW CODNTT. 
 
 country. An observatory (also on paper) had been erected on 
 Prospect Hill, affording a grand view over an extensive and beauti- 
 ful tract of country dotted with villages, mills, and the residences 
 of wealthy farmers. These attractions and the curative properties 
 of the mineral spring caused a great influx of invalids and pleasure- 
 seekers into Saratoga. The extensive hotels of the place were 
 crowded to their utmost capacity, and the farmers of the vicinity 
 were reaping a rich harvest in the lively market thus afforded them. 
 He had sold one-half of the city plat to Edwin Forrest, the great 
 tragedian, for $30,000, who was about to expend a large amount of 
 money in further improvements. This was all done to induce some 
 Eastern speculator to buy the property at a fabulous price. Sara- 
 toga city has never contained but one house, and that is now gone. 
 
 ORIGINAL ENTRIES. 
 
 The following will l;e of interest to the early settlers of the town 
 and county, and to all who are interested in knowing the names of 
 those liolding the original title to every tract of land in the township: 
 
 Section 1. 
 
 Dexter, Samuel, se frac of se frac qr. 
 Nichols, Philena, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Lillibridge, Gardner R., se qr of sw qr. 
 Le Breton, Benjamin, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Nichols, Austin R., se qr of ne qr. 
 Kercheval, Benjamin B.,w pt se frac qr. 
 
 Section 2. 
 Lamb, James, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Brogan, James, n hf of sw qr and se qr 
 
 of sw qr. 
 Harris, Henry, n hf of nw frac qr and 
 
 frac hf of nw frac qr and se qr of se qr. 
 Bedy, John, nw qr of se qr. 
 CofErey, William, frac hf of ne frac qr. 
 Dunlevy, Felix and John, s qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 Chester, John, e hf of sw qr. 
 
 Andrew Nolan and BsLijarain H. Wat- 
 kins, e hf of ne qr. . 
 
 Millman, John G., se qr of se qr. 
 
 CofErty, Michael, u hf of se qr. 
 
 Farrand, Lucius S., whf of ne frac qr. 
 
 Preston, Clarissa B., se qr of nw frac qr. 
 
 Tiplady, Johnson, sw qr of se qr. 
 
 Cady, Dennis S., n hf of nw frac and 
 sw qr of nw frac qr. 
 
 Ryan, Susan, sw qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 Burnham. Andrew, w frac hf of ne qr. 
 Chister, John, sw qr. 
 Walsh, Patrick, sw qr of se qr. 
 Ryan, John, se qr of se qr. 
 Welch, Patrick, nw frac qr ard nw qr of 
 se qr. 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 Sullivan, John, s hf of sw qr. 
 Bignall, Oto S., s hf of nw frac qr. 
 Roche, Patrick, n hf of sw qr. 
 Walsh, Patrick, ne frac qr. 
 Smith, James, se qr of se qr. 
 Doane, John D , ne qr of se qr and w hf 
 of se qr. 
 
 Section 6. 
 Babcock, Lyman A., n hf of se qr. 
 Bui'khart, Charles R , se qr of ne qr. 
 Bignall, John W., se qr of ne frac qr. 
 Berry, John, ne qr of ne frac qr. 
 Cahill, John, sw frac of sw frac qr. 
 Allison, James, ne qr of sw frac qr and 
 se qr of nw frac qr. 
 
 Section 7. 
 Moynehan, Ellen, e hf of ne qr. 
 ^IcGuren. Patrick, nw frac qr 
 Devary, Barney, w hf of swfrac qr. 
 Regan, Diminick, e hf of sw frac qr. 
 Campion, Michael, w hf of ne qr. 
 Kercheval, Benjamin B., w hf of se qr. 
 Chester, John, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Section 8. 
 Sullivan, Patrick, e hf of nw qr and w 
 
 hf of ne qr 
 Sullivan, Timothy, w hf of nw qr. 
 McGurrin, John, sw qr. 
 Norton, John, jr , e hf of ne qr. 
 Kercheval, Benjamin B., w hf of se qr. 
 Rabbit, John, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Section 9. 
 Layma, John, sw qr of seqrandseqr 
 of sw qr. 
 
DEXTER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 723 
 
 Hawks, Hiram F. , e hf of se qr. 
 Chester, John, nw qr of se qr and ne qr 
 
 of Rw qr. 
 Rabbit, John, w hf of sw qr. 
 McCabe, Michael, ne qr of nw qr. 
 Walsh, Patrick, nw qr of ne qr. 
 McCabe, Thoiujis, nw qr of nw qr. 
 Lyman, Thomas, sw qr of ne qr and se 
 
 qr of nw qr. 
 Guinon, John, sw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Skotios 10. 
 
 Millmau, John G., ne qr of ne qr. 
 
 Hawks, Iliram F., sw qr. 
 
 O'Brien, Matthew C, se qr. 
 
 Ryan, James, w hf of ne qr and se qr of 
 
 nwqr. 
 Doty, Henry, se qr of ne qr. 
 Ryaii, James, ne qr of nw qr. 
 Larken, Hugh, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 11. 
 
 Rice, Henry, e hf of se qr and se qr of 
 
 ne qr. 
 Lee, Jonathan, n hf of sw qr. 
 Lamb, James, nw qr of nw qr. 
 O'Brien, Cornelius, sw qr of nw qr. 
 O'Brien, Matthew C , ,w hf of se qr and 
 
 se qr of nw qr and sw qr of ne qr. 
 Peterson, John G., se qr of sw qr. 
 Chester, John, nc qr of nw qr and sw 
 
 qr of sw qr. 
 Clark, Patrick, n hf of ne qr. 
 
 yKCTION r.i. 
 
 Dexter, ."^anuiel W., e hf of frac. 
 Lillibridge, Gardner R., nw qr. 
 Be D ham. Milo, sw frac qr. 
 
 StXTIOS 13. 
 
 Dexter, Samuel W , ne frac qr and n hf 
 
 of nw frac qr. 
 Shearma", Gtorge H., so frac. 
 C. Osterhout and Isaac Hull, s pt sw 
 
 frac qr. 
 Hull, Isaac, n pt sw frac qr. 
 Osterhout. Cornelius, s pt nw frac qr. 
 Conklin. Cathrine, e hf of so qr. 
 
 Sei TION 14. 
 
 Walker, George, sw qr of ss qr and uw 
 
 qr of no qr. 
 Tuttie, Daniel, so qr of ne qr. 
 Dudley, David, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Walker, Rebecon, nw qr of se qr. 
 Peterson, Abrain B.. sw qr of nw qr. 
 Young, Benj^imin, sw qr. 
 Kennedy, William, se qr of nw qr. 
 Kercheviil, Benjamin B., ne qr of nw qr. 
 Layter, David, nw qr of nw qr. 
 Bruen, Abner, sw qr of ne qr. 
 
 SECTro^■ !;■). 
 Walton, Zar-x L.,nw qr and w hf of ne qr. 
 Hawks, Paul, w hf of se qr. 
 
 Bower, Aaron, se qr of ne qr and ne qr 
 
 of se qr. 
 Raflfarty, James, w hf of sw qr. 
 Hawks, Cephas, e hf of sw qr. 
 Young, Benjamin B., se qr of se qr. 
 Eddington, William, ne qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 17. 
 
 Bignall, Richard, se qr of ne qr and ne 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 Glenn, Robert, w hf of sw qr. 
 Glenn, Charles, w hf of se qr and e hf of 
 
 sw qr. 
 Bruce, Alfred, sw qr of nw qr. 
 Hoskyns, Edwyn, se qr of nw qr. 
 Crane, Betsey C., nw qr of ne qr and ne 
 
 qr of uw qr. 
 Clark, Otto B., ne qr of ne qr. 
 Harker, Michael, se qr of so qr. 
 McGurrin, John, sw qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 18. 
 
 Stevenson, Hay, sw qr of sw qr and ne 
 
 frac qr of sw frac qr. 
 Stevenson, Hay,uw frac qrof sw frac qr. 
 Glenn, Robert, se qr of sw qr. 
 Glenn, John, sw qr of se qr. 
 Bruce, Alfred, e hf of se qr and se qr of 
 
 ne qr. 
 Glenn, Jane, nw qr of so qr. 
 Weaks, Dorothy, w pt nw frac qr. 
 Stewart, Mary A., ne pt of nw frac qr. 
 McGurrin, John, ne qr of ne qr. 
 tl'JIara, Cornelius, nw qr of ne qr. 
 
 Sf.i-tion 19. 
 Stevenson, William E., w hf of nw qr. 
 Stevenson, Francis L., e hf of nw qr. 
 Glenn, John, nw qr of ne qr. 
 Frary, Hurvey. nw qr of sw qr. 
 Twomley, Peter, s hf of ne qr. 
 King, neqr of ne qr. 
 Jloore, Edmund, e hf of sw frac qr. 
 "Wliitcomb, Joseph, sw qr of sw frac qr. 
 Williams, Asa, nw qr of se qr. 
 Babcock, John, e hf of se qr and sw qr 
 
 of so qr. 
 
 Ski noN 30. 
 Bruce, Alfied, e hf of nw qr. 
 Daly. Owen, se qr of so qr. 
 Costin. .Tolm, ne qr of so qr. 
 Hays. Patrick, sw qr of so qr. 
 Molyneux, Thomas, nw qr of ne qr and 
 
 sw qr of sw qr. 
 itiller, Frederick, w hf of nw qr. 
 Xaglo, Richard, so qr of ne qr. 
 Kercheval, Benjamin B., ne qr of ne qr 
 Molyneux, JIargaiot, ne qr of sw qr. 
 Shannon, James, sw qr of ne qr and nw 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 Stewart. Mary A., nw qr of sw qr. 
 Toben, Michael, se qr of sw qr 
 
 Section 31. 
 Toben, James, ne qr of se qr. 
 
72 i 
 
 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Levy, Patrick, sw qr of se qr. 
 Sherman, George H., sw qr of nw qr. 
 Costiu, John, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Dwire, Marvin, ne qr of nw qr and nw 
 
 qr of ne qr. 
 Dwire, Ann, nw qr of sw qr. 
 Toben, Patrick, se qr of se qr. 
 Curtin, Bridget, ne qr of sw qr. 
 Glenn, Charles, nw qrof nw qr. 
 Wright, John, seqr of ne qr. 
 Curtin, Patrick, se qr of sw qr. 
 Hankerd, Michael, nw qr of se qr. 
 Welsh, James, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Kercheval, Benjamin B., sw qr of ne qr 
 
 and se qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Carty, Nicholas, ne qr of se qr. 
 Walker, William, nw qr of se qr. 
 Faulk, William, sw qr of se qr. 
 WelUng, Richard, se qr of swqr. 
 McKernan, John, ir.,w hf of ne qr. 
 Goldthwait, Veny, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Wright, John, w hf of nw qr. 
 Bisby. George, e hf of nw qr. 
 McKernan, John, se qr of ne qr. 
 McGuinnesa, John, se qr of se qr. 
 Toben, Patrick, w hf of sw qr and ne 
 qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Carpenter, Ephraim, se qr. 
 
 Dudley, Daniel, e hf of ne qr. 
 
 Daniel Dudley and Isaac Hull, w hf of 
 
 ne qr. 
 Osterhout, Cornelius, ne qr of nw qr. 
 McCabe, Michael, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Babcock, Luther, se qr of sw qr. 
 McGuinness, John, ne qr of sw qr. 
 Young, Benjamin, v hf of nw qr and 
 
 se qr of nw qr an d nw qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 34. 
 
 Brower, Richard, sw pt of sw frac qr. 
 Shearman, George, ne qr and e pt of nw 
 
 frac qr. 
 Dudley, David, w pt nw frac qr. 
 Peterson, Richard, se frac qr. 
 
 Section 35. 
 Dexter, Samuel W., sw pt ne frac qr. 
 Brower, Richard, w hf of nw qr. 
 Osterhout, Cornelius, ne frac qr. 
 Quackinbush, Benjamin, se qr. 
 Renwick, George, e hf of nw qr and e hf 
 
 of sw qr. 
 Freeman, Silas G., w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 Dexter, Samuel W., e hf of ne qr. 
 Larron, Jacob, w hf of ne qr. 
 Freeman, Silas C, ne qr of se qr and sw 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 Cunningham, James, ne qr of se qr and 
 
 se qr of sw qr. 
 
 Hubbard, Patrick, w hf of nw qr. 
 Babcocli, Lemuel, e hf of nw qr. 
 Dolan, Thomas, w hf of sw qr and ne qr 
 
 of sw qr. 
 Freeman, Silas C, sw qr of se qr. 
 Faulk, William, nw qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 37. 
 
 Carr, Rogers, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Larrowe, James M., ne qr and ne qr of 
 
 nw qr. 
 Bruen, John, se qr. 
 Perry, Silas, e hf of sw qr. 
 Carr, Elijah P., sw qr of nw qr. 
 Keeder, John, nw qr of nw qr. 
 Wadsworth, Abram S., se qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 38. 
 
 Qardus, Noble and Lyman Crittenden, 
 
 w hf of se qr and e hf of ne qr. 
 Warner, Henry, w hf of sw qr. 
 Carr, Rogers, e hf of se qr. 
 Sweet, Lamech, e hf of ne qr. 
 Keeder, John, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Curtin, Patrick, nw qr of nw qr. 
 Hanker, Michael, ne qr of nw qr. 
 Murphy, Joseph, sw qr of ne qr. 
 Doody, John, nw.qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 39. 
 
 Warner, Henry, se qr. 
 Johnson, Peter, e hf of nw qr. 
 Thurstin, Jesse, w hf of ne qr and se]qr 
 
 of ne qr. 
 Curtin, Patrick, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Johnson, Peleg, w hf of sw qr. 
 Jermain, Sylvanus P., e hf of sw qr and 
 
 w hf of nw qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 Johnson, Peleg, e hf of se qr and se qr 
 
 of ne qr. 
 Whitcom^', Joseph, nw qr of nw frac qr. 
 Moore, Edmund, ne qr of nw frac qr. 
 Histed, Thomas, sw qr of se qr. 
 Babcock, John, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Histed, Richard, nw qr of ne qr. 
 McCabe, John, sw qr nw frac qr andnw 
 
 qr of sw frac qr. 
 Howell, George, se frac qr of sw frac qr. 
 Conlan, John, sw qr of ne qr. 
 Goodyear, Mary, nw qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Stewart, Daniel, nw pt of nw frac qr. 
 Willsey, Josiah, s hf of se qr. 
 Conners, Edward, e hf of nw frac qr. 
 Jones, Ezra C, nw qr of se qr and sw 
 
 qr of ne qr. 
 Histed, Thomas, nw qr of ne qr. 
 Maynard, Ezra, sw qr of nw frac qr and 
 
 sw frac qr. 
 Newbe'ry, Oliver, e hf of ne qr and ne 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 
DEXTBE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 725 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Derby, Sidney 8., e hf of ne qr. 
 Newman, William C, w hf of ne qr. 
 Kellogg, John, e hf of sw qr and sw qr 
 
 of sw qr. 
 Willsey, Josiah, w hf of se qr. 
 Thorp, Carus, w hf of nw qr and se qr 
 
 of nw qr. 
 Kellogg, Enoch S., nw qr of sw qr. 
 Whitehead, James, ne qr of nw qr. 
 Willsey, Jacob, e hf of se qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Phillips, Josiah, ne qr. 
 
 Phelps, Josiah N., se qr of se qr. 
 
 Phelps, Ebenezer, w hf of se qr and ne 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 Warner, George, w hf of nw qr. 
 Warner, Henry, ne qr of nw qr and w 
 
 hf of sw qr. 
 Isaiah Phelps, se qr of nw qr. 
 Backus, Jared, ne qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 34. 
 
 Northam, James, w hf of ne qr. 
 Tuttle, Daniel, w hf of nw qr and ne qr 
 
 of nw qr. 
 Cork, Perry, w hf of sw qr. 
 
 Phelps, Ebenezer, e hf of ne qr. 
 Bagley, Daniel, se qr of nw qr. 
 Myers, Alexander, e hf of sw qr and nw 
 
 qr of se qr. 
 Butterfield, Abel F., ne qr of se qr. 
 Goodrich, Harrison C, sw qr of se qr. 
 Marvin Cadwell, se qr of se qr. 
 
 Sbction 35. 
 
 Dexter, Samuel W., e hf of se qr. 
 Dey, David, jr., w hf of se qr. 
 Collar, Arunah, w hf of nw qr. 
 Grossman, Rufus, e hf of ne qr and nw 
 
 qr of ne qr. 
 Belden, Riley, e hf of nw qr. 
 Gray, Amos, jr., sw qr of sw qr. 
 Dolan, nw qr of sw qr. 
 Lee, Horace J, sw qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 
 Dexter, Samuel W., w hf of sw qr. 
 Noble, Sylvanus, e hf of ne qr. 
 Noble, Nathaniel, w hf of ne qr. 
 Noble, Curtis, e hf of se qr. 
 Grossman, Rufus, e hf of nw qr. 
 Arnold, Joseph, e hf of sw qr and w hf 
 
 of se qr. 
 Spaulding, Warren, w hf of nw qr. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 There are in this township six whole and two fractional districts. 
 
 Fractional district No. 1 comprises sections 35, 36, and parts of 
 sections 26, 26, and 34. Its school-house is a frame, and valued at 
 $800. Eichard Smith is the present Director. 
 
 District No. 2 comprises sections 27, 33, and parts of sections 21, 
 23, 26, 29, 32, 34. It has a frame school-house, valued at $400. 
 Willis Benton, Director. 
 
 District No. 3 comprises section 2, and parts of sections 1, 3,10, 
 11, 12, 13, 14. 23, 24. Its school-house is valued at $125. Michael 
 Reed is the Director. 
 
 Fractional district No. 4 comprises all of sections 11, 12, 13, 24 
 and 25 lyinajeast of the Huron river. It has a frame school-house, 
 valued at $600. John Bell is the Director. 
 
 District No. 5 has a school-house valued at $300, and comprises 
 sections 6, 7, 18, and parts of 5, 8, 17, 19, 20. A. C. Green, Direc- 
 tor. 
 
 District No. 6 comprises sections 31, and parts of 30 and 32. 
 Its school-house is valued at $400. Chris. McGuire, Director. 
 
 District No. 7 comprises sections 29, and parts of 19, 20 and 30. 
 Its school-house is valued at $600. Eha Johnson, Director. 
 
 District No. 8 comprises sections 9, 15, 16, 22, and parts of 4, 5, 
 8, 10, 11, 14, 21. It has a frame school-house valued at $400. 
 Charles Goodwin, Director. 
 
726 HISTORY OF "WASHTENAW OO0HTT. 
 
 ForthLake Grano;e, No. 631, was organized Feb. 8, 1877, by L. 
 R. Brown, with 18 charter members. The first officers elected were: 
 Master, William Wood; Overseer, Henry M. Twomley; Steward, 
 Charles Cooper; Lecturer, William H. Glenn; Secretary. R. C. 
 Glenn; Treasurer, Green Johnson; Chaplain, William H.Wood; 
 Asst. Steward, Joseph Hopkins; Lady Steward. Mrs. Ellen J. Hop- 
 kins; Gate-keeper, James Hopkins; Ceres, Mrs. Emma J. Cooper; 
 Pomona, JSTettie A. Glenn; Flora, Augusta Cooper. This grange 
 is mainly a neighborhood organization, and so situated as not pos- 
 sible to increase its already enlarged membership. The grange 
 is in a very prosperous condition, and a valuable assistant to the 
 members thereof and the community in general. 
 
 MgEDER. 
 
 Wm. BeuUey was killed by his brother-in-law, John Roach, who 
 often visited Benlley at his house, and engaged in drinking and 
 playing cards. A dispute arose, and in a scuffle between the par- 
 ties. Roach stabbed BeuUey in the abdomen, who died in a few 
 hours. Roach was brought to trial and convicted of homicide, and 
 recommended to the mercy of the judge. He was fined $50. 
 
 PERSONAL SKETCHES. 
 
 We will now complete the history of Dexter township by giving 
 biographical sketches of several of its most prominent citizens: 
 
 James Allyn (deceased) came from Allegany county, N. Y., to 
 Michigan, in July, 1830, and entered 160 acres of land on sec. 31, 
 Dexter tp., where he settled, and lived the remainder of his life. 
 He was married to Eliza Prosser, of German descent, and by this 
 marriage some 9 children were sent to make home pleasant, 8 
 of whom are living in this State, 6 in Washtenaw county. 
 James S. , the youngest child, now owns and occupies the old home- 
 7 stead with his aged mother, he being a single man. He is a fond 
 son, a good neighbor, and a well-respected citizen. 
 
 Jose])h Arnold, deceased, was born March 31, 1799, in Rensselaer 
 Co., New York, and was of English parentage. He received a fair 
 education, and learned the carpenter's trade when a young man. He 
 married Margaret Van Reuster, of Portage, IST. Y., and emigrated 
 to Michigan in 1822. They came first to Detroit, and followed 
 an Indian trail to Pontiac, where they procured a "dug-out," a 
 barrel of flour, with a small supply of other necessaries, and in 
 company with Rufus Crossman, floated down the Huron river till 
 thej' came to the spot where now stands Dexter village, then a dense 
 forest. Here they halted, raised a tent, and proceeded to locate a 
 piece of land. This they did, said land being a quarter section and 
 now known as the Scott farm. This piece Mr. A. improved some- 
 what, erected thereon a two-story frame house, and sent east for his 
 family. This pioneer house was soon made clieerfulby the presence 
 
DEXTEE TOWNSHIP. 727 
 
 of Mrs. Arnold, and was used as a favorite inn by the weary, west- 
 ward-bound emigrant. It was also the scene of many a ball, 
 festivity and religious service, and has the honor of being the first 
 frame dwelling erected in Dexter tp. Mr. Arnold from this time 
 became prosperous, and at various times added tracts of land to his 
 estate. In 1829, the forests echoed the voice of a new comer, a lit- 
 tle infant daughter having been sent to this happy and prosperous 
 pioneer couple. She was named Mary C. Next came William 'H., 
 J. Y., George W. and Ebenezer. In 1868, two of the sons, Ebe- 
 nezer and J. Y. were killed by the explosion of a saw-mill, which 
 they were operating at the time. William Arnold now owns and 
 resides on the estate, consisting of 490 acres, 120 of which is 
 covered with timber. On March 24, 1856, he was married to Eliz- 
 abeth Dancer, daughter of William and Ann Dancer, of Lima tp. 
 This union resulted in the birth of 8 children — Anne, deceased, 
 was the wife of Homer G. Ives, of Li viugstou county; Maggie, Mary, 
 Lizzie, Eva, William, Ralph and Arthur. Miss Sarah Arnold, a 
 maiden lady of 88 summers, has been a member of the family for 12 
 years past. She came to Michigan in October, 1832. Mr. Arnold 
 is an Odd Fellow; has been Township Treasurer, Justice of the 
 Peace and Township Director of Schools for nine years, ending in 
 1879. 
 
 Peter Beckers, deceased, was born in Germany in 1825, and 
 emigrated to America in 1856, settling at Amherst, Ohio, where 
 he worked at his trade of stone-cutting for nearly 10 years. While 
 living here he married Mary Hobinson, also of German ancestry. 
 Two children were born in Ohio, Benjamin and Anna. In 1865 he 
 removed to Dexter tp., and purchased of Dennis Carr, 85 acres of 
 land on sec. 27, where another son, John, was born the same year. 
 He lived here till his death, which occurred Feb. 27, 1823, from 
 injuries received in a stone quarry when living in Ohio. The oldest 
 son, Benjamin, was married Dec. 8, 1880, to EfEe Brandon, of 
 Bristol, N. Y., and now lives on the old homestead with his wife 
 and mother. 
 
 Thomas -JBurkett, farmer and merchant, Dexter tp., was born in 
 Cumberland, England, Jan. 9, 1833, and emigrated to America in 
 1852. While a youth in his native land he had learned the mill- 
 ing trade, and arriving in Washtenaw county in 1853, he obtained 
 a position with D. D. Sloan & Co., of the Dover Mills, as third 
 miller. He met with success and favor, and in 1854 was put 
 in charge of the entire milling business, which position he held till 
 the death of Mr. Sloan in 1861, when he bought a half interest in 
 the business, and in 1862 the remaining half, and still owns the 
 mill. He has made several improvements, fitting it up with modern 
 machinery and appliances, till it now ranks with the best mills in 
 the county. Mr. B. also owns the Hudson mill property, a large 
 mill doing only custom work. He is closely identified with the 
 lumber interest of Michigan, being a member of the firm of Mc- 
 Plierson, Burkett& Co., manufacturers and dealers in pine lumber, 
 
728 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 with central office at Howell, and mills and yard at Caldwell Station, 
 on the D. L. & N. R. R. He also owns a tine farm of 400 acres, ly- 
 ina; alone: the west hanks of the Hudson river, and north of Portage 
 lake, which contains 2,000 fine, thrifty peach trees. He makes the 
 breeding of fine cattle a specialty, and has a very excellent herd of 
 short-horns on the estate. His house is situated on a four-acre 
 plateau, on the bank of the Huron, and at the eastern slope of 
 Prospect Hill, which is the highest point of altitude in the lower 
 peninsula of Michigan. It is a four-story frame structure, capped 
 with a Mansard roof, built in 1871, and furnished with all the 
 modern appliances for making a home cheerl'ul and pleasant. He 
 erected at his own expense the Dover church, situated a few rods 
 west of his house, being a frame structure 28x36 feet in size, 
 Gothic in design, well lighted, and open for worship to all believers 
 in God, irrespective of color, nationality or creed. The pulpit is 
 filled every Sunday by Kev. W. C. Allen, Congregational minister, 
 of Webster tp. Mr. Bixrkett was married to Mrs. Sarah A. Gruridon , 
 of Yates Co., IST. Y., and there has been 1 child sent to bless this 
 happy union — Nellie, born Jan. 16, 1857. 
 
 William Cobb, farmer, sec. 36, Dexter tp.; P. 0. Dexter; was 
 born in England in 1830, emigrated to America in 18i5, and 
 settled in Washtenaw county in 1875. He was married in Jackson 
 county, Mich., in 1850, to Mary A. Lyseamile, born in England in 
 1835. Thoy have 8 children — Antoinette, William H., Carson 
 K., Chloe, Carlton, Libbie, Anna and Mary. Mr. Cobb has never 
 allied himself with any political party, but always endeavors to vote 
 for the men who will best serve their respective localities. 
 
 Charles Cooper, Dexter tp. ; was born in England Aug. 27, 1828. 
 He emigrated with his parents to America in 1836, and settled in 
 Canada, where he was married in 1852 to Miss Emma J. Hooper, 
 of Bradford, Canada, a daughter of Eichard Hooper, a ship- 
 carpenter. He removed to this county in 1859, and settled in 
 Scio tp., but in 1872 again moved, this time into Dexter tp., where 
 he now resides. He received his education in this country during 
 boyhood, and afterward made farming his occupation. They have 
 8 children — Walter, Henry L., George, Augusta A., Alfred W., 
 Charles G., Nettie and Willie J. Mr. Cooper owns 120 acres 
 of land on sec. 19, and 40 acres in Lyndon tp. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cooper have been faithful and consistent members of the North 
 Lake M. E. Church for eight years. 
 
 Thomas Dolan, farmer, sec. 26, Dexter tp.; was born in Ireland 
 in 1803, and in 1843 emigrated to America, settling on his present 
 farm, where he has since resided. In 1832, while a resident of Ire- 
 land, he married Bridget Clom.in, who was born in Ireland in 1808. 
 Nine children have been sent to bless this union, 8 of whom 
 are livins: — Patrick, William, Thomas, Michael and John (twins), 
 Frank, Mary, wife of John McGinnis, and Rosa. Mr. Dolan is a 
 faithful member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in politics is 
 
DEXTEK TOWNSHIP. 729' 
 
 a Democrat. Mr. D. owns a farm of 180 acres, valued at $50 per 
 acre. 
 
 Patrick Fleming^ farmer and stock-raiser, Dexter tp. ; was born 
 in Ireland Aug. 15, 1822, and emigrated with his parents, Micliael 
 and Mary Fleming, to America when but a lad, settling in Lyn- 
 don tp., where his father died in 1863. His mother is still living, 
 at the age of 86. Being one of 12 children, 6 of whom are 
 living and residents of this count}', he received but a lim"ited 
 education, and when old enough went into the employ of the 
 Michigan Central E. R. Co., where he remained until 1848, when, 
 having accumulated money enough, lie opened a small grocery in 
 Hudson, Dexter tp., and two years later sold out his stock to a good 
 advantage, and immediately started for California, entering a few 
 mining claims, and by four years' hard toil and economizing, he was 
 rewarded with quite a sum of money. He returned home and pur- 
 chased 200 acres of land on sec. 25, Dexter tp. He made a second 
 trip to California in 1856 and disposed of his interests in that 
 "land of gold." He came back to his farm and the same year 
 married Johanna O'Haire, daughter Michael and Ellen O'Haire, 
 of Scio tp. The result of this alliance has been the birth of 8 
 children — Mary, Ellen, Henry, Julia, Jessie, Maggie, John and 
 Caroline, all of whom are still living with their parents. Mr. F. 
 owns one of the most substantial residences in this county, its 
 walls being constructed wholly of a quality of stone found on the 
 premises, and known in this section as " hard head." He has been 
 honored with several local offices, and also represented his tp. in 
 tlie County Board of Supervisors for six years, ending in 1875. 
 He is thechief otiicer in the Dexter Grange, and an influential 
 citizen of the township. 
 
 John Glenn (deceased) was one of the oldest and most respected 
 pioneers of Washtenaw Co. He emigrated from Frye tp., Seneca 
 Co., N. Y., to Michigan in 1833, and entered a tract of land along 
 the south bank of North lake. Dexter tp., where he resided until 
 his death. His young wife, formerly Jane Brown, and of New 
 England parentage, came with him, and was a faithful helper in all 
 pertaining to the comforts of home, and au able assistant and ad- 
 viser in matters relating to the advancement of the religious and 
 educational interests of the community. Mr. G.,in company with 
 his brother Richard, built, with their own money and labor, the 
 first school-house erected at North Lake. He died in 1868 at the 
 age of 62, leaving a wife and 5 children to mourn his loss. Two 
 of his sons, Robert C. and William H., still reside on the old home- 
 stead. The former was born June 10, 1835, and in his youth 
 received a careful school and home training, completing his studies 
 at the State Normal school situated at Ypsilanti. At 23 years of 
 age he was married to Jane Hudson, daughter of Alvah and Hen- 
 rietta Hudson, of Lyndon tp. Tliis son occupies the old family 
 residence and oversees his farm, which is also a popular place of 
 summer resort, being located along the south shore of the lake. 
 
730 " HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUJSITV. 
 
 Tliis lake is abundantly supplied with pickerel, bass, mullet, pike, 
 and trout, and attracts many disciples of Izaak Walton at all times 
 of the year. The other son, William H., was born on the old home- 
 stead, and received his education largely at home. Sept. 30, 1850, 
 he was joined in marriage to Matilda J. Watts, of Lyndon tp., 
 and immediately settled on a portion of the family farm lying 
 south of his brother's, where he still resides. In addition to farm- 
 ing he has lately been engaged in tiie Fire and Life Insurance 
 business, which has proven very remunerative to him. He inherits 
 the characteristic energy and enterprise of his father, along with 
 the noble and refined traits of his mother, which have aided him 
 considerably in his way through life. He is connected with the 
 Grange interest, and with his wife, is a member of the North 
 Lake Church. Six children, 5 daughters and 1 son, have been sent 
 to bless this alliance; Emory L., Emma, wife of R. W. Wolf, of 
 Howell, Mich., Minnie C, Lulu M., Mary L. and Rose J. 
 
 Charles Goodwin, farmer, is the son of Richard and Laura 
 Goodwin, natives of England, who emigrated to this county in 
 1833, and settled in Lyndon tp., then removed to Scio tp., where 
 Charles was born Sept. 30, 1839. He received an early educational 
 training at home, and afterward finished his studies at Ann Arbor 
 in 1861, when he engaged as a teacher, which profession he followed 
 in this county till 1867. In February, 1865, he married Mary E., 
 daughter of Edgar D. and Ruth Ann Austin, of Scio tp. He then 
 settled on a farm in Scio tp., where a son, Edgar, was born; after- 
 ward removed to Alaiedon tp., Ingham county, where he remained 
 five years; thence to Virginia, and lived in the "Old Dominion" 
 four years, then returning to his native county. His second son, 
 Clayton, was born in Ingham county; third son, Irving, in Virginia, 
 and Nellie, the only daughter, in Ann Arbor. Mr. G. owns 197 
 acres of land on sec. 15. He is a Republican, and an enterprising 
 citizen. 
 
 John Hall (deceased), who passed to his final rest in 1880, was 
 one of the oldest and most respected citizens of Dexter tp. He 
 was born May 30, 1803, in Eaton tp., Washington Co., N. Y. His 
 parents were members of the early Society of Friends, and he was 
 reared in the " straight and narrow way," as his after life fully 
 indicated. His mother died when he was an infant, and he was 
 given to the care and protection of his grandmother till his fatlier's 
 second marriage, four years later, when he moved to Oxford, Che- 
 nansfo Co., in 1808, remaining there six years. In 1814 he moved 
 to Mayfield, Montgomery Co., and lived there till 1817. His 
 father being a mechanic, John naturally took to the use of tools, 
 and became quite proficient in that business. When a young man 
 he formed a partnership with one Belding, and they did a thriving 
 business in the jobbing line, up to 1837, when he emigrated with 
 his parents to Michigan, settled in Lenawee county, where he fol- 
 lowed his trade until he came to Dexter tp., in 1841. In this lat- 
 ter place he developed one of the best farms in the county, raised a 
 
/> 7^/f<^^^>^XoV^ 
 
 ^^■"1-1^ 
 
DEXTER TOWNSHIP. 733 
 
 family of children, and died at the ripe old age of 77. The old 
 farm was left to his son John, jr., who now resides in a new house 
 opposite the old homestead. John Hall, jr. was born Dec. 4, 1843, 
 received his early education at Ypsilanti, and completed it at Ann 
 Arbor. At the age of 33 he married Kate B. Gleason, daughter of 
 A. W. Gleason, of Dexter. This marriage took place March iil, 
 1876. They have been blessed with 2 sons — Eugene W., deceased, 
 and Homer G. Mr. H. is a member of the A. O. D". W., and also 
 of the Masonic fraternity. The Hall estate consists of 215 acres 
 of cultivated land and 25 acres of timbered land, all lying on sec. 
 25. 
 
 Green Johnson, Dexter tp,, was born at New Lisbon, Otsego 
 Co., N. T., Aug. 13, 1828, and is a brother of the next mentioned. 
 He came to Michigan with his parents at the age of 13, 
 and received the greater part of his education in the district 
 schools of this county. With industry and perseverance he acquired 
 a small property, and from time to time has added to his possessions, 
 till at present he owns 192 acres of good land, of which 50 is tim- 
 bered, all lying on sees. 29 and 30. On Feb. 1, 1860, he was mar- 
 ried to Cynthia "W. Ferguson, born May 8, 1835, and of Scotch 
 descent, having come with her parents to Michigan in 1838 and 
 settled in Ann Arbor. They have 4 children living — Albert, Ettie, 
 Ella and Freddie. Mr. J. has been a prominent man in politics, 
 and filled the office of Township Treasurer in 1858, and that of 
 Commissioner in 1873. 
 
 Horace N. Johnson. Dexter tp., is a native of Lisbon tp., Otsego 
 Co., N. Y., where he was born in 1819. His father, Peleg Johnson, 
 was of English descent, and his mother, Abigail Olive, of Welsh 
 parentage. They came to Dexter tp. in 1833, when Horace was 14 
 years old. He "received liberal schooling in New York, and also 
 after coming to this county. At the age of 21 he had mastered 
 the wheelwright trade, but never followed it as a business. On 
 Nov. 9, 1846, he was married to Hannah Risley, and 8 children 
 were the fruits of this union, 5 of whom are living — Clarence, 
 Emeline, Valorus B., Willis N. and Herbert. The mother of 
 these children passed away from earth Jan. 29, 1867. Mr. J. mar- 
 ried Mary J. Brown, of Dexter, born at Palmyra, Ontario Co., 
 N. Y., daughter of Jacob Brown. She came to Michigan 
 with her parents at the age of two years. Mr. Johnson is the pos- 
 sessor of 160 acres of land on sec. 29, and 200 acres on sec. 30. He 
 is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a highly respected 
 citizen. 
 
 Hon. William A. Jones, deceased, was born in Otsego county, N. 
 Y., Oct. 2, 1811, and in 1833 removed with his parents from Mon- 
 roe county, N. Y., to Michigan, settling upon the farm on which he 
 died, in Dexter tp., the following summer. At the age of 25 he 
 married Elizabeth S. Kidmore. Mrs. Jones died in 1858. About 
 the year 1843 or '44 he was elected Supervisor of the township, an 
 
 44 
 
734: HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 office which he filled for 13 years, and nine years in succession. He 
 was once elected State Senator, and was seldom free from thedu.ties 
 of some township office until failing health compelled him to de- 
 cline being nominated for any office. He was a passionate admirer 
 of flowers, and always had large beds of them at home, which he 
 tended with the utmost care and precision. His health gradually 
 declined for several years, although for the most part he was comfort- 
 able until during the last two years of his life, when he suffered at 
 times intensely. Thediseasethat terminated his life on this earth 
 was consumption. 
 
 Alfred Lavey, farmer, Dexter tp., was born in New York Dec. 
 28, 1833, and is the son of Patrick and Rose Lavey, natives of Ire- 
 land. H's parents emigrated to America in 1827, and settled in 
 JSfew York, where they remained seven years. They then removed 
 to Michigan, and settled in Dexter tp., in 1837, when the subject of 
 this sketch was about four years old. He received a common educa- 
 tion in the district schools of the county, but at the age of 19 was 
 seized with the ''gold fever," and went to California, remaining 
 there engaged in mining till 1856, when he returned home. He 
 had been somewhat successful during his four years' absence, and in 
 1857 was married to Ann Murthey, of Ann Arbor, purchased 80 
 acres of land on section 27, erected a comfortable house and set- 
 tled down to active farm life. They have been blessed with 9 
 children — Francis, Rosanna, Charles, George, Elizabeth, William, 
 Ellen, Louis, and Mary. Mr. L. has added to his estate at different 
 periods, and at present owns 182 acres of fine farm land. He is a 
 man of steady habits, a good citizen, and enjoys the respect of all 
 with whom he is acquainted. 
 
 Ohristophti?' McGwire, farmer. Dexter tp., was born in North 
 Ireland May 10, 1840, and emigrated to America with his parents 
 in 1848, and to this county the same year, where he located on sec. 
 28 of Dexter tp. He suffered the loss of his mother in early life, 
 she dying on board the vessel during the voyage to this country. 
 His father died at his home in Dexter tp., Aug. 30, 1868, where the 
 subject of our sketch now resides. He was married Sept. 15, 1865, 
 to Anna Rabbit, of this county, and she bore him 7 children — 
 Michael, Mary, Agnes, Rose, Emma, Alice and Christopher. She 
 died Feb. 13, 1879. Mr. M. is the happy possessor of 515 acres of 
 good land in Dexter and Lima tps. 
 
 W. H. Newell, farmer, living on sec. 25, one mile south of 
 Hudson Corners, Dexter tp., was born in Middlebury tp., Wyoming 
 Co., N. Y., May 21, 1847, where he was reared and educated. He 
 came to Michigan in 1867, and located at Howell, Livingston 
 county, where he was engaged in the fruit-tree business, and soon 
 after appointed Deputy Sheriff, serving in that capacity for five 
 months, then tendered his resignation, and since that time has fol- 
 lowed farming as an occupation. Dec. 19, 1872, he was married to 
 Eunice L. Warner, of Dexter, and settled in their present home, 
 consisting of 65 acres of excellent land, eight acres being covered 
 
DEXTEE TOWNSHIP. 735 
 
 by timber. Mr. N. has filled several local offices, to the satisfaction 
 of all. 
 
 Henry J. Phelps, tanner, is the son of Isaiah and Clarissa Phelps, 
 and was born in Genesee Co., IST. Y., April 3, 1815. His parents 
 removed to Michigan in 1832 and settled on sec. 33, Dexter tp., 
 where the former died in 1864 at the age of 80; the latter departed 
 this life in 1878, at the advanced age of 88. Mr. P. has operated 
 the homestead farm since 1843, and cared for his parents till death 
 called them away. In 1844 he married Caroline Kellogg, a native 
 of New York, and of New England descent. This nnion has been 
 blessed with 3 children — Francis, wife of James Doty, of Dexter 
 tp., Marion and Clara. Mr. P. owns 200 acres of land, 15 acres 
 timbered, and in connection with his wife is a consistent member 
 of the M. E. Church at Dexter. 
 
 Jesse Scott, farmer, sec. 36, Dexter tp.; P. O., Dexter; was born 
 in Massachusetts in 1818, and is a son of Lemuel S. and Nancy 
 (Bowen) Scott, natives of Massachusetts and of Scotch descent. 
 They came to this county in 1831 and settled in Lima tp., where 
 the former died in 1872 and the latter in 1854. Jesse was married 
 Feb. 22, 1844, to Louisa Adams, born in New York in 1821, 
 daughter of Nathan and Sallie Adams. Two children were born 
 to them — Eugene M. and Frank A. Mrs. Scott died in 1847, and 
 in 1848 he married Eunice C. Donaldson, born in New York in 
 1820, daughter of Benjamin and Eunice (Thompkins) Donald- 
 son, natives of Massachusetts. They have 2 children — Edwin L. 
 and Jemima L. Mr. Scott was elected Collector of Dexter tp., for 
 one term, and at present owns 160 acres of well-improved land. 
 
 Andrew Smith, deceased, father of W. D. Smith, of Dexter 
 township, was born at Annon, Scotland, in 1790, and came to this 
 country with his parents in 1796, landing at the port of New York. 
 His father was a surveyor by profession, but was offered and 
 accepted a position as landscape gardener for Aaron Burr, remain- 
 ing in this position two years, and then removing to Monroe Co., 
 N. Y., where he followed his profession and accumulated quite a 
 property, dying there in 1821. Andrew being a third heir, received 
 but a small portion of the estate, according to the laws regulating 
 the division of property. He had acquired a good education, which 
 he found of great benefit to him in after life. In 1815 he was 
 married to Lucinda Dillingham, and settled in Monroe county, 
 where their 7 children were born, of whom was W. D. Smith, 
 born May 21, 1828, and Maria, born Sept. 24, 1819. He came to 
 Michigan in 1839, and entered sec. 16, Dexter tp., where he 
 settled, and lived till death called him up higher. He died in 
 October, 1849, at the age of 59. His son, W. D. Smith, owns 420 
 acres of the old section, 320 of which are improved. He has held 
 several local offices, and is a prominent officer of the North Lake 
 Grange. 
 
 William E. Stevenson was born at Hackensack, N. J., Oct. 23, 
 1831. His father, Hay Stevenson, was of Scotch birth, and emi. 
 
736 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 grated to America when a young man; was married and remained 
 in the East till 18.33, when he came to Michigan with his family of 
 4 children, and settled on sec. 18, in Dexter tp. In this place 
 William E. was sent to the district school, and obtained as liberal 
 an education as it offered. On April 9, 1862, he was married to 
 Margaret E. Southerton, but she only survived nine years after 
 these nuptials were celebrated, leaving him childless. He married 
 Anna C. Webb April 8, 1873. Three children are the fruits of 
 this union — Emma L., Anna C. and William E. Mr. Stevenson 
 owns 260 acres of land in Dexter tp., 160 acres in Oakland county, 
 also 50 acres in Grand Rapids, Mich. He is an honorable man in 
 all his dealings, and a successful farmer. Mrs. S. is a member of 
 the North Lake M. E. Church. 
 
 Augur Taylor, farmer, Dexter tp., was born in England, Jan. 
 8, 1824, and emigrated to America with his parents, George and 
 ]!^ancy Taylor, in 1841. Thej' came westward and settled in Una- 
 dilla tp., Livingston county, Mich., where he remained with his 
 parents until 1853, when he made a two years' trip to California in 
 search of his fortune, returning in the spring of '55 with a 
 comfortable sum in his pocket. He then purchased of David 
 Dudley 240 acres of land on sec. 24, Dexter tp., where he now 
 resides. Oct. 10, 1866, he was married to Elizabeth Ann Flinlaft, 
 of Northfield tp., and the result of this alliance has been 6 chil- 
 dren—Carrie A., Lillie G., Sarah N., Mary £., Myrta May and 
 Bertie A., ail of whom are living. In 1878 Mr. Taylor erected upon 
 his property one of the finest residences in Dexter tp., being 
 finished in moderti style with latest improved conveniences. He 
 enjoys the respect and good will of all his neighbors. 
 
 R. S. Whalen, farmer, Dexter tp., was born at Hartford, Conn., 
 in 1845. His father, Thomas Whalen, was a native of Ireland, and 
 emigrated to America when but a youth. He was a sculptor of 
 some ability, and followed his profession as a life work, in the 
 different towns and cities lying between New Orleans and New 
 York. He died in the latter place when Robert was 10 years old, 
 and where he had received an early education. Mrs. W. married 
 Daniel Hagerty, with whom she removed to Michigan in 1855, 
 bringing her son with her, and where he finished his education. In 
 1862 he enlisted in the 7th Mich. Cavalry, and served three years and 
 41 days in doing gallant and noble work in that long and memor- 
 able conflict, engaging in 42 battles, and being only wounded once, 
 which was a saber cut on his forehead. He was taken prisoner at 
 Yellow Tavern, Va., May 11, 1864, and marched to Andersonville 
 prison, where he suffered the untold agonies of hunger and thirst 
 for four long, weary, dreary months. At the end of this time he 
 was transferred to Milan and held for two months; afterward 
 re-captured by the "boys in blue," and received an honorable dis- 
 charge July 15, 1865. In 1867 he married Harriet E. Johnson, 
 and by this union 2 sons were born to them, Emmet and Thomas. 
 The mother died in 1863. In 1877 he married Mrs. Emma J. 
 
DEXTEE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 737 
 
 Glenn, widow of B. H. Glenn. By this latter alliance 1 child has 
 been born, a daughter, named Mabel, born Nov. 8, 1880. Mrs. W 
 had 2 sons by her first marriage — Eobert D. and Benjamin H. Mr. 
 Whalen owns 160 acres on sec. 17 and 40 acres on sec. 8, which 
 are the result of a life-long work, full of trials and hardships, but 
 now sufficient to enable him to live comfortably the remainder of 
 his days on this earth. 
 
 William Wood, farmer, Dexter tp., was born in New York Feb. 
 3, 1834, and emigrated to Michigan with his parents in 1844, set- 
 tling in Oakland county. Mr. Wood's father was a carpenter by * 
 trade, and the son acquired enough of this trade when a boy to 
 turn it to practical use in the future. After coming to this county, 
 he entered school at Ypsilanti, where he obtained a fair education. 
 Nov. 15, 1855, he was married to Lucy M. Glenn, daughter of John 
 Glenn. They have 6 children — Jane, Lucy M., Clara B., Mary A., 
 Bertha E. and Mattie M. He owns 140 acres of good tillable land, 
 and is a member of the M. E. Church and North Lake Grange. 
 
LYNDON TOWNSHIP. 
 PHYSICAL CHAEACTEEISTIOS. 
 
 The township comprises 36 sections witliin the boundaries men- 
 tioned in the act of organization. The soil is a sandy loam, with clay 
 subsoil in many places. Many tamarack swamps are found within 
 its limits, producing some good timber; but the principal timber is 
 comprised in oak and hickory. 
 
 The lakes are numerous and beautiful. In many places the crystal 
 sheets lay untroubled, embosomed within their surrounding hills. 
 They comprise South lake, Collins lake, Bruen lake, Ireland lake, 
 Gorman's lake, Clarke's lake, Watson lake, Cassidy's lake, Sugar- 
 Loaf lake. Mud lake. Spruce lake, Sullivan lake, Wild-Goose lake, 
 Half-Moon lake, Blind lake, Eagle lake, Daniel's lake, Boyce lake, 
 n section 8, Wessel's lake, in section 18, Moran lake in section 
 29, Eook lake in section 35, and Moore lake in section 36. The 
 ponds are extraordinary in their number and constituents. Few of 
 them are surrounded with those murky formations peculiar to such 
 small bodies of water, while many are almost great springs in the 
 quality of their waters and clear approaches. The most extensive 
 lake is South lake, which extends from the northeast quarter of 
 section 10 to the heights in the northeastern portion of section 16. 
 The southeast portion, with Eagle lake, and expansions of Gorman 
 creek, may be said to occupy the greatest part of the northwest 
 quarterof section 15. Collins, Bruen and Daniel's lakes, with six 
 smaller bodies or ponds, are found in the northern sections of the 
 township. Island lake, in section 23, presents a landscape pecu- 
 liarly beautiful. Sugar-Loaf lake lies hidden behind a hill bearing 
 a similar name; it covers a large area, and with Mud lake appears 
 to occupy one- thirty-sixth part of the township. Cassidy's, Clarke's, 
 Kook and Moore lakes are found in the southern sections. Through- 
 out the district hill and valley abound, so that with all its lakes, 
 streams, forests and homes, the township forms a tract characterized 
 by a beauteous picturesqueness. 
 
 The saltsprings of Lynd on are numerous and rich. The Hilde 
 burgh lime rock, found in the township, is covered with shells and 
 forms, perhaps one of the strangest subjects treated in the geological 
 chapter. It may be said that every acre of land within the township 
 is in the hands of an occupying propnetary. The mineral produc- 
 tions are confined to tufa and shell marl. The district is purely 
 an agricultural one. 
 
 (738) 
 
LYNDON TOWNSHIP. 739 
 
 AGRIOTJLTDEAL EESOtTKCES. 
 
 The number of acres of improved land in the township is set down 
 at 11,4:33, the number unimproved 7,795, the number of farms 123. 
 An equal division of the 19,228 acres of land in the township would 
 show 156^ acres per farm. The number of acres under wheat in 1879 
 was 2,795, yielding an average of 18.91 bushels per acre, and produc- 
 ing in toto 52,853 bushels. In May, 1880, there were 3,000 acres 
 sown under wheat. 
 
 The corn crop of 1879 yielded 68,468 bushels, grown on 1,212 
 acres; while the 234 acres devoted to oats produced 6,781 bushels. 
 Three hundred and sixty-four acres of clover yielded 448 bushels 
 of seed, and 16 acres of barley produced 303 bushels. Seventy-live 
 acres planted with potatoes gave a yield of 4,387 bushels; 1,946 acres 
 of grass land produced 2,140 tons of hay. 
 
 This exhibit does of itself show the wealth of the soil. Though 
 dealing with 1879, it refers, in one instance, to the number of acres 
 under wheat in 1880 ; and if the acreage has been so increased for the 
 other crops, the statistics of 1880 will show an advance at once 
 steady and encouraging. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 In August, 1833, the pioneer brothers, Selah B., Josiah H. and 
 Harrison W. Collins, arrived in the township. Without tarrying 
 for a day of zephyr breezes they erected a forester's wigwam, cut s 
 quantity of luxuriant blue-grass with which they surrounded their 
 primitive house, and otherwise prepared for the advance of winter. 
 Early in November they raised the first log house ever erected 
 within the confines of Lyndon, but this remained untenanted until 
 Jan. 1, 1834, when the eldest brother moved into it, with his newly 
 wedded wife. During that year a clearance of 40 acres in extent 
 was effected by the Collins brothers, and this joined two extensive 
 plains, all of which received the name " Collins' Plains," and the 
 lake near by that of " Collins' lake." 
 
 OTHEK PIONEERS. 
 
 After S. B. Collins had established his home in this beautiful 
 land, many flocked thither to make it their home also. During 
 1834-'85 the new settlement received substantial additions: Abner 
 Bruen, Joiin Green, Henry G. Holmes, Michael Gilman, Samuel 
 Boyce, Nathan Rose, Dr. John Cooper, Abraham Burgitt, John 
 Twomley, Alfred Bruce, Jasper Moore, William Watts, John Cole- 
 man, Hugh Wade, David Coleman, James Stryker, William Wil- 
 cox and George Sellars. 
 
 On New Year's Day, 1836, Josiah H. Collins and his wife settled 
 on the farm now occupied by his brother Sidney. During the 
 following summer he set out the first orchard ever planted in the 
 
740 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 township. Other settlers flocked toward the land in 1836, among 
 whom were Horace Leek and family, who located on section 18; 
 Eli Kockwell, on section 8 ; Orman Clark, on section 34, who is 
 still living on the farm; Jesse Rose, Owen Mclntee, on section 19, 
 died in 1880 (this settler had reached the age of something over 
 104 years); John and Hugh Cassidy, on sections 32 and 33; Joseph 
 Yocum, father of John K. Yocum; John and Ira Gifford, John 
 Davidson, Joseph Webster and Stephen Dow, with families and 
 friends. Patrick Haggerty, William Bott and Washington Beer- 
 man made entries of their lands in 1836, but no improvements 
 until 1837. A great many of the early settlers came from 
 other portions of the county, and after once getting a good start 
 the township settled up rapidly. 
 
 THE FIRST WHITE WOMAN 
 
 in the town was Mrs. Parmelia Collins, daughter of John Green, 
 who settled on the farm now owned by Jeremiah Pickell, in 1836. 
 Mr. Green died in 1880. Mrs. Winans and Mrs. Garry Briggs 
 came soon after and were Parmelia Collins' first neighbors, although 
 they settled in Livingston county, near the line. 
 
 THE PEOMISED LAND. 
 
 In the earlier years the county was known as the "Promised 
 Land," a name given all that part of the town west of the Short 
 Hills, by Elnathan Noble, who a few years prior to the settlement 
 made by the Collins's, had been on a hunting tour; and on getting 
 on a high hill, not far from the village of Unadilla, looked west- 
 ward, and, seeing the beautiful scope of country west of the Short 
 Hills, returned to his friends in the eastern part of the county and 
 told them that he had discovered the " Promised Land." 
 
 ORGANIC. 
 
 Prior to the organization of Lyndon that portion of Washtenaw, 
 with Unadilla and Josce, of Livingston county, formed a district 
 attached to this county for judicial purposes. 
 
 The first election for township officers was held on the first 
 Monday of April, 1833, which resulted in the choice, for supervisor, 
 of John Drake; for clerk, Peter IST. Hurd; for justice, Elnathan 
 Noble; treasurer, James Mclntyre; for commissioners of high- 
 ways, Selah B. Collins, E. Noble and Francis Lincoln. At the 
 October election held in 1835 Sievens T. Mason got T votes for 
 Governor. Edward Mundy received 1 vote. Seven votes were 
 given in favor of adopting the Constitution and 3 against. 
 
 The township of Lyndon was organized under the act of the 
 Territorial Government, approved in 1836, laying oft' that portion 
 of Washtenaw county set forth in the United States' survey, as 
 
^ LYNDON TOWNSHIP. 741 
 
 township 1 S., of R. 3 east, into a township to be named Lyndon, 
 and directing that the primary meeting of electors be held at the 
 house of John Green. Subsequently, in April, 1837, the pioneers 
 assembled as directed to the number of 42, conferred the honor of 
 first snpervisorship upon Horace Leek and elected Jesse Rose for 
 the office of township clerk. This very important event in the his- 
 tory of Lyndon occurred four years after the first settlers had 
 established for themselves a home, and at a time when the entire 
 voters of the township did not exceed 42 persons. 
 
 The supervisors of the township since organization comprise 
 Horace Leek, Selah B. Collins, Wm. Wilcox, E. L. Pay, John K. 
 Yocum, Thomas Clarke, Washington Beeman, Geo. Kowe, Wm. 
 Wessell, Thomas Young and Benj . C. Boyce. The clerks comprise 
 the names of Jesse Rose, John K. Yocum, Stephen Dow, John 
 Harrington, Andrew J. Boyce, Andrew Greening, jr., Parminus 
 Watts, Fred. A. Howlett and John Clark. 
 
 The list of treasurers comprise, among others, the following 
 names: Samuel Boyce, Elnathan Skidmore, Aaron Palmer, Felix 
 O'Neil, P. Watts, Patrick McKune and H. J. Drake. The latter 
 has held the office for a period of 12 years. 
 
 PRESENT TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 The supervisor of Lyndon is Benjamin C. Boyce; township 
 clerk, John Clark; treasurer, Henry J. Drake; Wellington Bow- 
 dish, justice of the peace, elected to serve until 1884. Walter 
 Webb, Edward May and Edward Forman are also justices of the 
 peace. Win. Harrison Collins, commissioner of highways and 
 drains. Wm. Stansfield, constable. 
 
 Benjamin C. Boyce held the office of jnstice for a period of 23 
 years, Horace Leek for 12; W. Webb, 16 years; Wm. Wilcox, 
 8 years; Michael Gilman was elected justice at the town meeting 
 of 1837; Thomas Young was supervisor for 12 years; Horace 
 Leek for 6 years ; Wm. Stansfield has held the position of con- 
 stable for 14 years. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 There are no churches in the township, although the large major- 
 ity of the people belong to one section or another of the Christian 
 Church. The proximity of Chelsea, Dexter, Unadilla and Waterloo 
 churches renders the building of houses of worship unnecessary. 
 
 TAVERNS. 
 
 There has not been a tavern in the township for the last 35 years. 
 In the early years of settlement Wade, Snyder, Buck, Mosier and 
 Healy kept houses of entertainment, and a few of them taverns. 
 Wade's tavern, as described by J. K. Yocum, was a log house cov- 
 
742 HIBTOET OP WASHTENAW COTJNTT. 
 
 ered with bark ; into the side walls holes were bored, into which 
 pins were driven ; on these rested a split board or shelf. On this 
 long shelf a bottle of whisky, a time-worn drinking glass and a 
 pitcher with a broken handle were the only occupants. They got 
 the water from Island lake. The other taverns were similar in al- 
 most every respect. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 It has been stated that the first private school was conducted by 
 Miss Angel Green, and the first district school by John K. Yocum. 
 The latter was held in a log school-building erected in the fall of 
 1837, on section 18, and opened during the winter terra. Miss 
 Green was the second teacher of this district school. 
 
 There are seven school buildings in the township, one situated on 
 each of the following sections: 9, 14, 19, 21, 23, 32 and 35. The 
 teachers of these schools in 1880 comprised Thomas Youngs, Sam- 
 uel Boyce, Austin Eowe, Charles Foster and Mrs. Delia Smith. Of 
 these houses six are frame and one brick. The school property is 
 valued at $i,000. Tlie Township Superintendent for 1880-'l was 
 Thomas Youngs; School Inspector, Henry Gorton. The attend- 
 ance on these schools averages 25 to each school, or 175 pupils. 
 
 THE DEATH OE BKIETTENBACH. 
 
 The death of Briettenbach, from the result of injuries received at 
 the hands of the Marsh brothers, in 1875, was the eff"ectof drunken- 
 ness. The latter were picking berries on the German's lands, when 
 Briettenbach ordered them to go away. They resisted and attacked 
 the old man, and punished him so severely that their victim died 
 within two days. The assaulting party came from Scio. 
 
 SEPTUAGENARIANS. 
 
 The old settlers of Lyndon over 70 years of age are as follows: 
 Ormoud Clark, Hugh Cassidy, Peter Gorman, John Cassidy, Owen 
 Duffy, Dennis Hankerd, Timothy McKune, James Gorman, Tate 
 Watson, Alvah Hudson, James Gant, Thomas Younsr, John 
 Twomley, James Moran,Thomas O'Neil, Benazer Palmer, Josiah H. 
 Collins, Koss McKernan, Patrick McKune. 
 
 The settlers over 60 years of age and under 70 include the fol- 
 lowing: Darius M. Joslyn, Elnathan Skidmore, John K. Yocum, 
 Washington Beeman, Jeremiah Pickell, Lawrence Shaiiahan, George 
 Goodwin, John Armore, John Wallace, Robt. Hallett, James Cun- 
 ningham, Walter Webb, Wm. Coulson, Wm. Purchase, Andrew 
 Greening. 
 
 FIEST EVENTS. 
 
 1812. — The Indian boy Kishkashkijigeninini murdered his rival, 
 Pashkashkijigeninini. The former, whose name will not be repeated, 
 
LYNDON TOWNSHIP. 743 
 
 was the son of an Otchipwe brave, who made his home with the 
 Indians of the Washtenong. The chief of the home band called 
 his son the Greater Harvester, and thus fostered ill-will among the 
 savage boys, with the result described. This story is legendary, and 
 can be accepted only on the authority of half-breed interpreters, 
 who repeated it for the surveyors in 1819. 
 
 1818. — Visit of the United States survey party. 
 
 1826. — Elnathan Noble names the township "The Promised 
 Land." 
 
 1833. — Settlement by the Collins brothers; first settler married, 
 S. B. Collins; first log-house built, by S. B. Collins. 
 
 1834. — First attempt at cultivating the soil; attached to Dexter 
 for numerical purposes. 
 
 1835. — First marriage within the township was performed Christ- 
 mas day by Justice Horace Leek, between Miss Harriet Gifford 
 and Azel Turner; first celebration of Independence day; first male 
 child born, Edwin O. Collins, Dec. 11. 
 
 1836. — First orchard planted by Josiah H. Collins; first private 
 school taught by Miss Angel Green. 
 
 183Y. — First township meeting; Horace Leek, Supervisor; first 
 Town Clerk, Jesse Rose; first death, Mrs. Abraham Burgitt; first 
 school-house erected; J. K. Yocum, first teacher; the wolves des- 
 troyed every hog and calf in the settlement; first sermon, preached 
 by Elder Sayers. 
 
 1839. — A company of wolf-slayers organized with the usual 
 result — killing deer instead of wolves. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Following are biographical notices of several citizens of this 
 township, whose lives have more or less been identified with its his- 
 tory. To most readers this department will probably be of more 
 interest than anything else of a more public nature. 
 
 Francis A. Burkhart was born in Lyndon tp. Jan. 10, 1841. His father, Wil- 
 liam Burkhart, was bom July 20, 1817, and came to this county at the age of 17 
 years, with the Glenn family, with whom he remained until attaining his majority. 
 He was married in 1839 to Sarah Vedder, daughter of Aaron and Catherine Ted- 
 der, natives of New York. Francis was married in 1863 to Lucy Vickery, and 3 
 children have been born to them — Clara M. and Sarah A. Mrs. B, died Dec. 30 , 
 1867. Mr. Burkhart was again married to Ellen Twomley, who was born in August, 
 1863, daughter of John Twomley, of Lyndon tp. Two children were sent to 
 bless this latter union — Flora E. and William H. All the members of the family 
 are connected with the M. E. Church. Mr. Burkhart owns 145 acres of highly cul- 
 tivated land. 
 
 Charles G"nfield, farmer, see. 35 ; P. 0., Chelsea; was born in New York city 
 Oct. 11, 1833.' His parents, William and Maria (Anthony) Canfleld, had been res- 
 idents of New York for several years. Mr. Canfleld came with his parents to Wash- 
 tenaw county in 1844, settling in Scio tp., thence to Sylvan tp., and in 1846 to his 
 present farm . The family consisted of 7 boys and 1 girl . His father died Sept . 
 16, 1863, and his mother May 16, 1858. Mr. Canfleld was married Nov. 6, 1856, to 
 Almira Clark, who was born at Brighton, Monroe county, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1836, and 
 accompanied her parents, Orlean and Catherine (Sibljey) Clark, to Washtenaw 
 county in the fall of 1846. Their family consists of 4 children— Charles L., Cath- 
 
744 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 erine M., Eva M. and Howard E. Mr. C. has been a Justice of the Peace of Lyndon 
 tp. for several years, and owns 140 acres of well improved land, located a few miles 
 north of Chelsea. The family are members of the Congregational Church at Chel- 
 sea. Two of Mr. Canfield's brothers were in the TJ. S. service during the late war, 
 and one of them, Henry, was frozen to death at Denver, Col., in the winter of 1865. 
 
 Hugh Casaidy was born in Ireland Sept. 21, 1801. He left his native country 
 May 14, 1834, first stopping at Quebec, but subsequently at New York city, where 
 he worked as a gardener for some ten years. He was married Feb. 31, 1830, to 
 Susan Fagan, who was born in Dutchess county, N.Y., Sept. 30, 1810, daughter 
 of Alex, and Catherine (Griflin) Fagan, the former a native of Ireland and the lat- 
 ter of Delaware. Fourteen children were born to this union — Catherine, Ellen, 
 John, Hugh, James, Joseph, Michael, Phelis, Jonas, Mary, Jane, Florence, Susan 
 and Elizabeth . Mr. Cassidy came to Lyndon tp. in 1837, and located 80 acres of 
 land, which, by subsequent additions, has increased to 300 acres. During Mr. Cas- 
 sidy's life of nearly 80 years he never was involved in a lawsuit, but always Strove 
 to make the golden rule his guide through life. 
 
 ■Tohii Clark, son of Thomas and Rose Clark, of Chelsea, was born on his present 
 farm Jan. 17, 1851. Mr. Clark was reared on a farm, but received a liberal educa- 
 tion in the schools of Ann Arbor. He has followed the vocation of a farmer through 
 life, and has served his fellow townsmen in different official capacities, now hold- 
 ing the position of Clerk of Lyndon tp. He was married May 9, 1877, to Mary B. 
 Cunningham, daughter of James and Johannes (Howard) Cunningham. Mrs. Clark 
 was born at Sandusky, Ohio, Nov. 19, 1856, and is the mother of two children — Her- 
 bert and Thomas. Mr. Clark and family are worthy and respected members of the 
 Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Addison O. Collins, sec. 4; P. O., Unadilla, Livingston Co.; was born on his 
 present farm in Lyndon tp., July 35, 1837, and is a son of Seth B. and Permelia 
 ( Green ) Collins. He was married Dec, 1865, to Jane McCall, daughter of Alexan- 
 der and Margaret McCall, of Jackson county, Mich. Both are members of the M. 
 E. Church, and connected with the Grange at Unadilla. Mr. Collins owns 1 26 
 acres of land, the first farm settled in Lyndon tp. 
 
 Josiah H. Collins was born at Wolcottville, Wayne county, N. Y.,May 13, 1814, 
 where he lived until his 16th year. He then came to Washtenaw county, Mich., 
 with his parents, Alpheus and Betsey (Hall) Collins, and settled on Mallet creek, 
 between Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor. In 1835 he built a house on sec. 18, Lyndon 
 tp., and on Christmas eve of the same year married Mary Brown, daughter of 
 Tolman Brown (deceased ) of Pittsfleld tp. He removed to his present farm in 1853. 
 Of their 11 children 3 are living — Charles J., Mary E. and William B. Mrs. Col- 
 lins died a few years ago. Mr. Collins has filled several town offices, and has ably 
 assisted in the improvement of the beautiful county of Washtenaw. He has been 
 a member of the M. E. Church for many years. 
 
 George Goodwin was born in Warwickshire, England, June 9, 1821, son of 
 John and Betsey ( Hanford ) Goodwin. Mr. Goodwin came to America in the 
 spring of 1841, locating in the south part of Lyndon tp., Washtenaw Co. Mich. 
 Mr. Goodwin received his education in the schools of England, and while a young 
 man learned the blacksmith trade, which he has followed the greater part of his 
 life. He is now engaged in farming, aod owns 330 acres of good land. He has 
 been a worthy member of the United Brethren Church at Waterloo, Jackson Co., 
 for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin have 5 children— Jarvis C, Betsey A., 
 George B., Matilda S. and Flora J. 
 
 Edward Gorman, farmer, sec. 37; P. O., Chelsea ; was born in Lyndon tp. May 
 11, 1842. His parents, Peter and Catherine Gorman came to that tp. at an early 
 day. Before attaining his majority, Edward went to Illinois, where he lived for 
 some years. He then enlisted in the 101st Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., and served in the 
 Union army until the close of the war. He subsequently returned to Lyndon tp. , 
 where, after a few years at school, he engaged in farming, and has since followed 
 that occupation with marked success. He owns 400 acres of land, under a high state 
 of cultivation. In 1870 he was joined in the bonds of holy wedlock to Katy Clark, 
 daughter of Thomas Clark, of Chelsea. Of their family of 5 children, 4'survive 
 — George, Edward, Mary and Thomas. 
 
 James Gorman, farmeT, sec. 37; P. O., Chelsea ; son of Edward and Ruth Gorman, 
 was born in the County of Louth, Ireland, July 22, 1809. In the spring of 1833 he 
 emigrated to Monroe county, N. Y., and in 1835 to Lyndon tp. In October, 1837, 
 he settled on sees. 33 and 36, and in 1856 on his present farm. When Mr. Gorman 
 
LYNDON TOWNSHIP. 745 
 
 arrived in America he had but 13 shillings in his pocket, and to think of his farm of 
 230 acres of well improved land, his comfortable home and beautiful grounds, causes 
 surprise and pleasurable envy in the mind of the reader. Mr. G. was married in 
 May, 1854, to Alice Young, who was born in Ireland, Dec . , 1833, a daughter 
 of George and Catherine ( Welch ) Young, who settled in Washtenaw county in 
 1845. They have 3 children— Kate, Alice and Jennie. Mr. Gorman and fam- 
 ily are members of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Peter Onrman was born in North Ireland Feb. 11, 1816. His parentswere Edward 
 and Ruth ( Johnson ) Gorman, who came to America at an early day. They came to 
 Michigan and bought land in Lyndon tp., for 10 shillings per acre. "Peter was reared 
 on this farm, and March 3, 1840, married Catherine Conlan, who was born June 5, 
 1818, a daughter of John and Mary (Goff ) Conlan, natives of Monongahela, Ireland. 
 They have 3 children — Edward, Peter and James. Mr. Gorman has followed farm- 
 ing through life, and was one of the first three Constables elected in Lyndon tp. 
 
 William. U. Green, son of John and Sarah (Willis) Green, natives of Elizabeth- 
 town, N. J., was born in Oneida county, N. Y., March 30, 1829. He camewith his 
 parents to Michigan when yet an infant. They located on or near "Collins' Plains," 
 in Lyndon tp., in 1835, where William grew to manhood. He was married Feb. 1 , 
 1853, to Mary J. Sellers, who was born in New York city May 25, 1834, 
 daughter of George and Sarah Sellers, formerly of Lyndon tp. They have 3 chil- 
 dren — Charles, who is a merchant in Montana; Sarah, who teaches music, and Archi- 
 bald. Mr. Green and wife are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Stephen 0. Hadley was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1821, and re- 
 sided there until the fall of 1839, when he accompanied his father and sister to Len- 
 awee county, Mich., his mother having died in New York. In 1841 they removed 
 to Washtenaw county, locating 160 acres of land in Lyndon tp., where he has since 
 lived. He was married in Dexter tp. March 23, 1845, to Christina Barringer, who 
 was born at Bath, N. Y., Oct. 6, 1839, daughter of Henry Barringer. They 
 have 11 children — Lyman K., Charles H., Laura R., Lewis S., Emma J., Angelina 
 E., Harrison, Mary A., Sylvia, Lydia A. and John J. Mr. Hadley owns 250 acres 
 of land, is a member of the M. E. Church, and a Democrat His father died a few 
 years ago. 
 
 Joseph Hopkins, jr., was born at London, England, April 12, 1827, and, when 
 yoimg, accompanied his parents to Lyndon tp., Washtenaw county, Mich., where 
 he has since resided. He was married Oct. 7, 1858, to Mary J. Fuller, who was 
 bom at Ypsilanti in 1837, a daughter of William and Phoebe Miller. They had 
 7 children born to them — Byron L., William J., Ida A., George W., Sarah L. and 
 Prank R. Lucy J. is deceased. Mrs. Hopkins died in January, 1873, and he was 
 married again, in 1873, to Mrs. Ellen J. Pruden, daughter of Henry Depew, of this 
 county. Mrs. Hopkins was born in New Jersey Nov. 3, 1821, and came to this 
 county in 1832. She was first married to William Denman, by whom she had 3 
 children — Martha A., Alfred B. and William. Her second marriage was to Edward 
 Pruden, by whom 2 children were born to them — Elmer S. and Newton P. Mr. 
 Hopkins and wife are consistent members of the M. E. Church at North Lake. 
 
 Darius M.Joslin, farmer, sec. 3; P. O., Unadilla; was born in Madison county, 
 N. Y., April 29, 1816. His parents were John and Rose (Chandler) Joslin, the former 
 a native of Massachusetts and the latter of Vermont. When Darius was 14 years 
 of age his parents removed to Herkimer county, N. ST., and subseqnently to Orange 
 county. In 1834 his father and himself visited Michigan, and soon after brought the 
 remainder of the family to the Wolverine State. They first settled at Ann Arbor, but 
 in 1837 located on sec. 30, Lyndon tp., where the father died Dec. 15, 1846. The 
 mother afterwards married Rev. D. K. Dixon, a Presbyterian minister, but departed 
 this life at Oberlin, Ohio, Nov. 24, 1872, at the age of 84 years. Mr. Joslin was 
 married March 15, 1848, to Cordelia E. Montague, who was born in Catskill county, 
 N. Y., Feb. 33, 1833, a daughter of Luke and Emma Montague, natives of Dela- 
 ware. Of their 4 children 2 are living — Eugene M., a graduate of the State Nor- 
 mal School and the University of Michigan, is an attorney-at-law at Saginaw city, 
 Mich., and Edward C, who is attending school. 
 
 Horace Leek, jr., farmer, sec. 18; P. O., Waterloo, Jackson Co.; was born in 
 Scio tp., Oct. 17, 1883, and when four years of age was taken by his parents to 
 Lyndon tp., where he at present resides. He was married Jan. 15, 1860, to Sarah 
 Burton, a native of Livingston county, Mich., and daughter of Hiram and Melinda 
 (Green) Burton; natives of New York. They have 3 children — Lydia, who was 
 bom Jan. 10, 1862; Eva J., bora Jan. 29, 1873; Charlotte I., born April 25, 1879. 
 
746 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Mrs. Leek is a member of the Baptist Church at Waterloo. Mr. Leek owns a fine 
 farm of 212 acres. Horace Leek, sr., the father of the subject of this sketch, was 
 born at Hamden, near New Haven, Conn., Sept. 10, 1803, and is a descendant of 
 the Leeks who settled in Connecticut at the beginning of the eighteenth century. 
 He was married Feb. 1, 1826, to Louisa Goodyear, who was born in Connecticut 
 Sept. 13, 1807. Of the 11 children born to them, 7 are yet living— David, Mrs, De- 
 lia Croman, Mrs. Louisa Briggs, Mrs. Melinda Artz, Mrs. Charlotte Hewlett and 
 Mrs. Mary Gorton. Mr. Leek died in Lyndon tp. Sept. 26, 1857, and his wife fol- 
 lowed him to the undiscovered country Oct 9, 1874. 
 
 Luke Montague, a native of Cayuga county, N. Y , moved into Lyndon tp. in 
 1835, accompanied by his wife and 6 children. He was one of the six male mem- 
 bers who helped to organize the first Presbyterian Church in this vicinity, and was 
 chosen one of the ruling Elders at its organization, and held both the offices of Elder 
 and Deacon until his death in 1863. In 1846 the society built a brick churchy the 
 location of which was about 80 rods over the county line in Unadilla, Livingston 
 Co., being the first church edifice built in that tp. Mr . Montague, after a few 
 years, located another farm just over the line in Unadilla, and moved upon it, and 
 was one of the most enterprising citizens of that tp. , and a most liberal supporter of 
 the Church. 
 
 John R. Moore -was born in Genesee county, N. Y., May 16, 1821. His parents, 
 John and Martha Moore, were natives of New York, and came to Michigan when 
 John was but four years of age. Mr. Moore was married Jan. 28, 1844, to Clarissa, 
 daughter of Jacob and Martha Willsey, of Detroit. Mrs. Moore died Sept. 9, 1863, 
 leaving 4 children — Charlotte M., Theresa, Joseph E. and Phoebs J. Mr. Moore 
 was again married, April 18, 1866, to Ellen Y. Noyes, daughter of D. W. and Nora 
 Noyes, now of Ann Arbor. Mrs. Moore was born in Macomb county, Mich., Sept. 
 7, 1834. They have 2 children — Carrie and Herbert. Mr. Moore has followed ag- 
 ricultural pursuits through life, and for 16 years was a Justice of the Peace. Him- 
 self and wife are members of the M . E. Church. 
 
 Benajah M. Palmer, farmer, sec. 3 ; P. O., Unadilla ; was bom in Orange county, 
 N. Y., Aug. 22, 1808, a son of James and Deborah (Miller) Palmer, natives of 
 Westchester Co., N. Y. When he was 10 years of age, he removed to a different 
 part of the State, and in the fall of 1835, to Michigan, locating on sec. 3, Lyndon 
 tp., Washtenaw county, where he has resided since with the exception of a few 
 years engaged in milling at Unadilla, Livingston county. Mr. Palmer has been a 
 member of the M. E. Church for many years; and in his house was effected the 
 organization of the body at Unadilla. He was a Justice of the Peace for 12 years. 
 On Christmas eve of 1828 Mr. P. married Sally Griffln, who was born in New 
 York May 7, 1808, and a daughter of Joseph and Dolly (Cornell) Griffin. Seven 
 of their children are now living— Samuel, Mary J., Hester, Jennett A., Evaline, 
 Guila E. and Squire G. 
 
 Jeremiah Pickell, farmer, sec. 4; P. O., Unadilla; was born in Seneca county, N. 
 Y., Feb. 27, 1820, a son of Jacob and Mary (Severs) Pickell, natives of New 
 Jersey, and of German descent . Mr. Pickell came to Michigan in the fall of 1842, 
 and May 24, 1843, he married Elizabeth Smith, who was born in Ontario county, 
 N. Y., April 3, 1827, daughter of Jarvis and Lucy Smith, of Jackson county, 
 Michigan. After their marriage they returned to Ontario county, N. Y., but in 
 1864, came again to Michigan, and located on their present farm. Since his re- 
 moval to Washtenaw county, Mr. P. and family have been worthy members of the 
 Presbyterian Church at Unadilla. He owns 210 acres of well-improved land. They 
 have 7 children- - Irving J., who married Jennie Everett, and is now living on the 
 home farm; Jarvis W., Lucy R.Sharp, Mary R. Burrick, Henrietta Palmer, Eva 
 E. and Minnie B. 
 
 William R. Purchase, was born in Yorkshire, England, May 12, 1816, a son 
 of John and Amy (Robertson) Purchase. He came to America in the spring of 
 1884, stopping at Toronto, Canada, until 1836, when he settled at Detroit, Michigan. 
 In 1860 he settled in Lyndon tp . , Washtenaw county, and in 1864 on his present 
 farm . Mr. Purchase voted for Gov. Stevens T. Mason when he was first before 
 the people as a candidate, and has voted for every president from Harrison to Gar- 
 field. He was married on Christmas eve, 1841, to Maria March, who was born 
 Oct. 2, 1821, and a daughter of Daniel and Alice March, natives of Yorkshire, Eng- 
 land. Twelve children have been given them— Edward M., a resident of Colorado 
 Nancy, Jane C, Maria B., William W., Alice A., Miriam E., Ella E. George, 
 
LYNDON TOWNSHIP. . 747 
 
 Charley V., Carrie E. and Hattie B., all of whom, with their parents, are members 
 of the M. E. Church. Mr. Purchaseowns a good farm on sees. 33 and 33. 
 
 George Sellers, Jr., was bom in New York city Oct. 30, 1838, and came with his 
 parents to Lyndon tp. in 1836. He was married Nov. 17, 1857, to Betsey A. Drake, 
 of Lyndon tp., who was bornin Wayne county, N. Y., Oct. 16, 1841. They have 3 
 children — Amanda, George H. and Mary, Maggie is deceased. Mr. Sellers was a 
 soldier in Co. K, 30th Eegt. Mich. Vol Inf., and during that time suffered the untold 
 horrors of a southern prison for a few months. His father, George Sellers, sr. (dec), 
 was a pioneer of this county, having arrived here October, 1836, and 6 of his chil- 
 dren are still living — Edward, George, Thomas Cartraw, a step-son, and three 
 daughters. Mrs. Sellers died in April, 1880. 
 
 Elnathan Skidmore, washoram Otsego county, N. Y., April 13, 1818, son of 
 Isaac and Sarah (Lull) Skidmore, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter 
 of New York. Mr. Skidmore accompanied his parents to Michigan in March, 1838, 
 locating first in Dexter tp. His father died at IJnadilla, Livingston county, in 1843. 
 His mother died in 1865. In May, 1840, Mr. S. had an attack of the "shakes," 
 which prostrated him for over a year. Jan. 14, 1841, he married Mary A. Green, 
 who was born in New Jersey, March, 1830, daughter of John and Sarah Green, 
 formerly of this county. They settled on their present farm in Lyndon tp. March 8, 
 1857. They have been worthy members of the Baptist Church since its organiza- 
 tion some 30 years ago. Mr. Skidmore has been Superintendent of the Sunday- 
 school over 17 years. At the annual meeting of the Stockbridge Union Agricultural 
 Society, in 1879, he was chosen President, and has since filled that office to the 
 general satisfaction of its numerous members and friends. 
 
 Mr. Skidmore's portrait is given in this work. 
 
 John Tmomley was among the first settlers of Lyndon tp.; was born in County 
 Wicklow, Ireland, in 1809, and May 38, 18-34, was married to Ellen Molyneaux. 
 They set sail from Liverpool, Eng., July 7, 1834, and in November of the same 
 year entered land in Lyndon tp., Washtenaw county. Mr. Twomley was engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits in his native country, and this occupation had done but little 
 to prepare him for the rough and arduous duties of pioneer life. His rea(iy money 
 did not last long after his arrival in the county, and he afterward said his money 
 had almost gone before he learned to take care of himself and family in his adopted 
 country. Six children were given to Mr. Twomley and wife, 4 of whom are yet 
 living — Mrs. Sarah Parshall, Mrs. Ellen Burkhart, Mrs. M aggie Bird and Henry. 
 Mrs. Twomley died Dec. 17, 1855, and was buried in North Lake cemetery. 
 
 Henry, only surviving son of John Twomley, was born in Lyndon tp., Jan. 38, 
 1839. He was reared and educated in the district schools, and Jan. 1, 1867, mar- 
 ried Eugenie Peatt, daughter of Thomas Peatt, a well-known citizen of Dexter, 
 who died in 1876. They have 2 children — Harry, born in February, 1867, and Ter- 
 zah, bom in May, 1873. Mr. Twomley is engaged in farming, and owns 150 acres 
 of land, vfith a comfortable dwelling thereon. 
 
 Tnte WaUon, farmer, sec. 1; P. O., Unadilla, Livingston county ; was born in 
 Yorkshire, England, Oct. 9, 1810. His parents, George and Mary Watson, emi- 
 grated to America in 1834, first stopping at Wyoming, N. Y., where Tate remained 
 11 years, and then removed to Washtenaw county, Mich., permanently locating on 
 sec. 1, where he has since lived. Mr. Watson received his education in England, 
 and has been very fortunate in business affairs, having accumulated sufiicient means 
 to enable him to pass the remainder of his days in peace and plenty. He was mar- 
 ried in 1845 to Mary McMichael, a native of Scotland. They had 2 children — Mary, 
 wife of Charles Yocum, of Ingham county, Mich , and George, who died when an 
 infant. Mrs. Watson died m June, 1866, and is interred in Unadilla cemetery. Mr. 
 W. was again married, Nov. 34, 1868, to Mrs. Harriet Yocum, wife of Mahlon 
 Yocum (dec), who was born in New York city Nov. 3, 1831, and daughter of Geo. 
 and Sarah (Sellers) Yocum. By her former marriage she has 3 children — Jennie 
 L. and Milton T. 
 
 Walter Webb, one of Lyndon township's representative citizens, was born at 
 Brails, Warwickshire, Eng, March 9, 1811, and is a son of Walter and Margaret 
 Webb, natives of the same village. Mr. Webb was reared on a farm, and has been 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits through life. He was married in 1834 to AnnLam- 
 phrey, a native of Oxfordshire, England. Six children were sent to bless this happy 
 and congenial union, 3 of whom are living — John, Walter and Sarah. The deceased 
 are Maria, Emily and Ellen. Mr. Webb came to America in July, 1849, but shortly 
 before leaving the land of his birth, he was called to the sad duty of laying at rest 
 
748 HISTORY OF^WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 one who had ever proved a faithful wife, a loving mother, and a sympathizing 
 friend and neighbor. Some years after, he was joined in the holy bonds of wedlock 
 to Mrs. Mary Stiles, a native of New York, who was the mother of 3 children by her 
 former husband— Sarah, Frank and Hattie. When Mr. Webb purchased his present 
 farm, it was covered by heavy timber, interspersed with thick underbrush; but he 
 did not falter, nor cast one shadow of regret over the fate that had caused him to 
 make a home among the wilds of Washtenaw county. He went resolutely to work, 
 and his present beautiful farm and comfortable dwelling readily attests his unre- 
 mitting toil and enterprising spirit. He is a man possessing a genial and sociable 
 nature, and is well-respected by his neighbors throughout the county. Mr. Webb 
 has satisfactorily filled the office of Justice of the Peace for over 38 years, and him- 
 self and wife have been worthy members of the M, E . Church, at IS orth Lake, for a 
 long period. A portrait of Mr. Webb appears in another portion of this work. 
 
 0. A. Willsey, a farmer, and son of Jacob and Martha Willsey, formerly of Dex- 
 ter tp., was born in Niagara county, N. Y., June 24, 1831. He accompanied his 
 parents to Michigan in the fall of 1834, settling in the southwest part of Dexter tp., 
 Washtenaw county. His father entered timbered land and cut a couple of forked 
 saplings, which, after placing them against a tree and placing on them a ridge pole 
 he covered with blankets, thus forming his first home in Michigan for his wife and 
 8 children. Mr. Willsey has traveled extensively, and gained an amount of practi- 
 cal knowledge very useful and interesting. He was married in Detroit Dec. 3, 1849, 
 to Miriam Purchase, who was born in Yorkshire, England, Sept. 37, 1831, daughter 
 of John and Amy Purchase. Mrs. Willsey was a member of St. Paul's Episcopal 
 Church of Detroit, for several years, but has lately attended the Church of that 
 denomination at Dexter. Mr. Willsey owns 160 acres of land, and resides in a 
 pleasant and comfortable home. 
 
 Hon. Jolm K. Tocum, sec. 30 ; was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, 
 March 27, 1819. His parents, Jacob and Hannah Yocum, were natives of the same 
 county, and came to Washtenaw county, Michigan, in 1836, settling on sec. 30, of 
 Lyndon tp. Mr. Yocum worked on a farm in summers and taught school in win- 
 ters for many years. In 1850 he was elected to the State Legislature, also serving in 
 the extra session the following winter. In 1863 he was appointed Commissioner of 
 Internal Revenue, and served in that capacity over five years. In 1867 he received 
 the appointment of U. S. Inspector of Liquors of a district comprising this and three 
 contiguous counties. He has been a Deputy Surveyor of Washtenaw county for the 
 past 30 years. Mr. Yocum was married in Lyndon tp., Nov. 36, 1846, to Maria 
 Ann Johnson, and 4 children have been given them — Charles A., Adelia A., Adelbert 
 D. and Melvin F., all married and with comfortable homes. 
 
 Thomas Young, farmer, sec. 17; P. O., Chelsea; was born in Louth, Ireland, Nov. 
 9, 1816, a son of George and Catherine (Welch) Young, of Scotch descent. Mr. 
 Young came to America in 1839, arriving in New York the last of June. He 
 traveled through several States of the Union and in August, 1858, settled in 
 Washtenaw county. He was married at Leroy, Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1843, to 
 Elizabeth Kelley, who was born in 1824, a daughter of Thomas and Catherine (Taflfe) 
 Kelley, natives of Ireland. They have 9 childi-en— Thomas, Edward, James, John, 
 Peter, Rosa, Mary, Elizabeth and Ellen. Mr. Young and family are members of the 
 Catholic Church. He owns 346 acres of valuable land. 
 
r 
 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The town ot Sylvan was first settled in 1830 by Cyrus Beckwith, 
 who located the east half of section 14. Having built the dwelling 
 of the pioneer, he brought hither his family and won for them, as 
 well as for himself, the honor which pertains to the township pio- 
 neers. Wm. A. Begole accompanied him in his first travels, ex- 
 plored the district with him, aided in the erection of the log house, 
 and having completed the round of duty due by a friend, he, in 
 1831, located a homestead in the vicinity. Subsequently the tide 
 of immigration flowed toward the land, and within n very few years 
 not an acre of the township was without its owner, — ready and 
 willing to draw from the virgin soil all the fruits which it would 
 yield. 
 
 The physical characteristics do not vary materially from 
 those of Korthfield township, except in the course of the streams, 
 which run eastward. The lakes occupy almost a similar geograph- 
 ical position, namely, the northwestern corner of the township, 
 Mill creek, Snake lake and Goose lake, in the south, being some- 
 thing extra, not bestowed upon the other division of the county 
 with which the similitude is drawn. In almost every other respect 
 there is a wide difference. Sylvan possesses a village of exceeding 
 beauty, Chelsea, a hamlet of high hopes. Sylvan Center, and a large 
 number of extensive farms cultivated by the occupying owners. 
 The Michigan Central railroad, may be said to divide the township 
 almost equally. What the northern portion lost in land is fully 
 compensated for by its lakes and streams. Kavauaugh, Crooked, 
 Mill, Cedar, Doyle, Leman's and Rudolph's lakes render the town- 
 ship one of the most picturesque in the county. 
 
 The range of hills which runs through the eastern part ot the 
 State divides Sylvan into three sections, each differing in physical 
 characteristics, the western undulating, the eastern more undulat- 
 ing, and the middle section composed of hill and dale. . These 
 miniature mountains of the last section are called the "jShort Hills " 
 by the inhabitants of the township. The western section has a 
 more uneven surface than the eastern, the latter being almost a 
 plain, presenting a wide range of beautiful farming country. 
 
 THREE CREEKS 
 
 drain the township. One of these rises in Mill lake, section 4, in 
 the northern part of the township, and flows eastward, discharging 
 itself into the'county ditch in Lima township. Sylvan creek rises 
 in the southwestern part of the township in a small lake in sec. 31, 
 
 45 (751) 
 
T52 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and flows northeasterly through Sylvan Center and Chelsea, its 
 waters also being discharged into the county ditch. Mill creek 
 rises on sec. 7 of Sharon, and runs along the southern limit of the 
 township through Lima and finally empties into the Huron river 
 at Dexter. 
 
 In the northwestern portion of the township is a cluster of lakes 
 — Cedar, Doyle, Kavanaugh, Mill, Crooked, and several smaller 
 ponds. Crooked lake is about a mile long, and is said to contain 
 about the coldest water in Michigan, owing to the number of cold 
 springs supplying it. There is no possible outlet, but the people 
 snppose that the springs one mile north form one. Kavanaugh 
 lake is nearly a mile in length. All these lakes abound in fish com- 
 mon to the region. 
 
 When the pioneers first visited Sylvan township they beheld a 
 beautifully undulating countrj', gemmed in part with clear lakes, 
 and diversified by a range of romantic hills, the surface covered with 
 "oak openings," that did not stand too thickly to prevent the growth 
 of the luxuriant blue-grass beneath. Owing to all those natural ad- 
 Tantages, the hardships of the pioneer were ameliorated and the 
 early settlers at once provided with feed for their stock and other 
 necessaries, which very much lessened the hazard of beginning life 
 in the new country. Game and fish were abundant, herds of deer 
 were constantly seen cropping the rich herbage of the hills and val- 
 leys, and made a novel and beautiful picture as they were seen amid 
 the orchard of oaks feeding leisurely or careering swiftly amid the 
 trees. 
 
 The custom of the pioneer farmer was to " break up " the soil 
 while the oaks were yet standing, and afterward girdle the trees, 
 which, dying, would permit the sun to reach the soil and promote 
 the growth of crops. During the next season or two the trees 
 would be removed and the land completely cleared. What a 
 change! Nature in its wild state has given place to cultivated nat- 
 3ire. The homesteads of civilized man dot the beautiful sections 
 of the land and promise peace forever. 
 
 STOEY OF SETTLEMENT. 
 
 From the reminiscences of early settlement, related by W. E. De- 
 pew, it is learned that five years after the first settler made his home 
 in Lima, the township of Sylvan was yet without a white inhabitant. 
 If the district could have been visited in 1830 it would have been 
 our privilege to have .seen the first white settler approaching the spot 
 Oct. 18, 1830, where he was to make his home, and hew out of the 
 forest a productive farm. We would have learned that the ap- 
 proaching man was Cyrus Beckwith. In that year he made his 
 home in this township, built a house and moved his family from 
 Ann Arbor. Mr. Jjeckwith's hired man, who helped to build his 
 house and clear land in the following spring, was Wm. A. Begole. 
 
 After this beginning of a settlement settlers came in quite rap- 
 idly. In 1831 Jesse Smith selected his land and built his house; 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 753 
 
 in the same year Elias H. Kelly located land, and in the following 
 year built his house. In 1832 Henry Depew arrived. 
 
 THE VERMONT COLONY. 
 
 In 1832 a number of families from Addison county, Yermont, 
 emigrated into the Territory of Michigan, and settled in Dexter 
 township which at that time embraced the present townships of 
 Manchester, Sharon, Sylvan, Lyndon, Lima, Freedom and Bridge- 
 water. In this Vermont colony were Wm. A. Davis, Truman 
 Lawrence and Orlo H. Fenn, all having families. They founded 
 what was then, and has since been called, the Vermont Settlement. 
 Stephen J. Chase and Nathan Pierce, from Ontario county, JSew 
 York, came the same year. In the spring of 1833 Daniel Fenn, 
 father of Orlo Fenn, and his family, arrived, as also did Tully 
 Fenn; and in the fall Amos W. Davis and Dennis Warner were 
 added to the population. In May, 1834, Mahlon Wines, Ira Spauld- 
 ing. Sen., and Ira Spaulding, Jr., and families, arrived, and located 
 land in the settlement. Joel B. Boyington came the same spring, 
 exchanging farms with Stephen Chase. Wm. Begole also settled in 
 the neighborhood, and was employed by Cyrus Beckwith as his first 
 hired man, and as such, assisted Mr. Beckwith in erecting the first 
 log house in the township. John M. Cnmmings, Arnold S. Bell, 
 Thomas H. and Isaac Godfrey, Adonijah Godfrey and Elisha Cong- 
 don, all made beginnings in the township in 1834. About this 
 time, or within three years thereafter, Azel Backus, Mahlon 
 Beeks, Dr. Sears and Hugh Davidson arrived. Mr. Davidson es- 
 tablished a hotel just east of the Short Hills. Alfred Holt came in 
 1834, and was the postmaster at Pierceville. John M. Cnmmings 
 was a settler in 1834, and Arnold S. Bell, a school-teacher, located 
 in the township the same year. Thos. H. and Isaac Godfrey, Ad- 
 onijah Godfrey, and Elisha Congdon were comers about this time. 
 The latter located on the spot where Chelsea now stands, owning 
 the land on the, east side of Main street, his brother owning the 
 land on the west side of that thoroughfare that was to be. 
 
 On the west side of the Short Hills Edwin E. Conkling settled 
 in 1832, and his first wife, Miss Hicox, named the township of 
 Sylvan. Calvin Hicox was also an early settlor on the west side of 
 the Hills, as was also Joseph Peter Riggs.. In 1832 Ira Spaulding 
 had a small clearing, and Orlo H. Fenn, Stephen J. Chase, Truman 
 Lawrence and Wm. A. Davis all had clearings of from three to ten 
 acres. Otherwise the eastern half of the township was a wilderness, 
 yet extremely beautiful. The Territorial road ran through the 
 township, entering on the east by .Nathan Pierce's farm, and pass- 
 ing through Sylvan Center. The same thoroughfare exists to-day. 
 The north and south road, now running through the town from 
 Chelsea to Manchester, was also a cut-out in 183"2-'3. There' was 
 also a road leading to Bingham's mill, in Lima township; the early 
 settlers having their sawing done at this mill. A line of stages, 
 
754 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 owned by S. B. Davis, ran through the township on the Territorial 
 road. In 1832-'3 all mail for Sylvan settlers came to Dexter, and 
 it taxed severely the pioneer's finances to raise the 25 cents neces- 
 sary to pay the postage on a single letter. The second postoffice 
 of the region was at Lima Center. There was a tavern at Sylvan 
 Center, William Dunham being the landlord. In 1838 Elihu 
 Frisbie opened the first store at the Center, and was followed in 
 1839 by Geo. Lord, who opened a general stock of goods, and in 
 1841 by J. C. Winans, who traded there until 1851. Previous 
 to this period, however, a small grocery and saloon was kept by 
 Joseph Perry. In the years following, Thomas H. Godfrey sold 
 goods there. 
 
 In 1853 the first grist-mill on the creek was built, the money being 
 raised principally by subscription. It is still standing, and doing 
 duty for the farmers around the Center, operated by Orlando Boyd. 
 In 1832, Hugh Davidson kept a hotel east of the Short Hills, and 
 Andrew Murray entertained travelers one mile west of the Center, 
 and displayed the sign, " Call and See ! " Thomas Godfrey 
 built a hotel here, and was landlord for several years. 
 
 Pierceville, at the junction of the north, south and Territorial 
 roads, just south of the present village of Chelsea, on James Cong- 
 don's land, was a business center in 1834 and thereafter until the 
 depot was located at Davidson Station, when the place was absorbed 
 bv the new village, and one after another the buildings were sold, 
 moved away or torn down. When Pierceville was in its glory, a 
 brother of John C. Winans, Stephen by name, had a store there. 
 Albert C. Holt was the postmaster, and Dr. Stewart was the sur- 
 geon and physician ; Israel Bailey was the blacksmith. Mr. Holt 
 carried on a sash and blind factory. When the railroad came, and 
 Mr. Congdon desired to divert business to Davidson Station, he 
 bought out the Holt property, also the interest of Dr. Stewart, and 
 Huldah Aldrich,a maiden lady ; the buildings one by one disappeared 
 until now there is not the slightest sign remaining of the once 
 thriving hamlet. 
 
 The first death in the township was that of Mrs. Jesse Smith, 
 whose demise gave occasion for the establishment of Vermont 
 Cemetery. The first marriage was that of John C. Winans and 
 Betsey M. Fenn. 
 
 The first postmaster was Calvin Hicox, at Sylvan Center. 
 
 OEGANIC. 
 
 In 1834 the settlers in the township had become so numerous 
 that it was thought expedient to create a township organization, 
 and accordingly on the first Monday in April the first election was 
 held, which happened to be on the same day the first election was 
 held in Lima tp. The act says, " That all that part of the county 
 of Washtenaw comprised in surveyed township 2 south, in range 3 
 east, be a township by the name of Sylvan, and the first township 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 755 
 
 meeting be held at the now dwelling-house ol Samuel Dunham, in 
 said township." In the following account of the meeting for 
 organization it will be seen how faithfully the law was carried out 
 and its conventionalities observed: 
 
 "The annual meeting of the town of Sylvan, on the first Mon- 
 day of April, 1834, held at the house of Samuel Dunham, in said 
 town, organized by choosing Edmund E. Conkling Moderator, and 
 Stephen J. Chase, Clerk of said meeting. The moderator and 
 clerk, after being sworn, proceeded to open the meeting, and the 
 following officers were elected in said town: Nathan Pierce, Super- 
 visor; Elisha Congdon, Town Clerk; Stephen Chase, Orlo Fenn 
 and Edward E. Conkling, Assessors; Calvin Hicox, Constable and 
 Collector; Daniel Fenn and Samuel Dunham, Overseers of the 
 Poor; Truman Lawrence, M. Medcalf and Asahel Backus,Commis- 
 sioners of Highways; Nathan Pierce and Edmund E. Conkling, 
 Koad Masters. It was voted that the overseer of roads be fence 
 viewer; Thomas H. Godfrey, Samuel Dunham and Edward E. 
 Conkling, Commissioners of Common Schools; Nathan Pierce, 
 John E. Jewett, Truman Lawrence, John C. Winans and Edmund 
 E. Conkling, Inspectors of Common Schools. It was resolved at 
 this meeting, that the next annual town meeting should be held at 
 the house of Hugh Davidson. The minutes were signed the 7th 
 day of Anril, 1834, by Edward E. Conkling, Moderator, and Stephen 
 J. Chase; Clerk." 
 
 The records of 1835 can not be found, and therefore the account 
 of township meeting is not given. 
 
 At the first town meeting Edmund E. Conkling, at the sugges- 
 tion of his wife, gave the township the name that it now bears. 
 
 At the annual election in April, 1836, Alfred C. Holt, Lewis 
 Powell, Cyrus Beckwith and Mahlon Wines were elected Justices 
 of the Peace. Before these courts were established in the wilder- 
 ness, no lawyer with legal technicality appeared; the voice of the 
 advocate was not heard by them, and they were left to administer 
 such simple justice as to them seemed meet. Nathan Pierce held 
 the office until 1837; Mahlon Wines. Elisha Congdon, Azel Backus. 
 From this period the following have served as 
 
 SUPEEVISOKS. 
 
 Joel B. Boyington, 1849-51 
 
 Stephen J. Chase 1852-3 
 
 Azel Backus 1854 
 
 Hiram Pierce 1855 
 
 John C. Depew 1856-7 
 
 Thos. H. Godfrey 1858 
 
 Hiram Pierce 1859-60 
 
 Horace A. Smith 1861 
 
 John C. Depew 1862 
 
 Hiram Pierce 1863 
 
 Horace A. Smith 1864-7 
 
 Orrin Thatcher 18^18-72 
 
 M.J. Noyes 1873-4 
 
 Wm. F. Hatch 1875-7 
 
 Timothy McKone 1878 
 
 W. E. Depew 1879-80 
 
756 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 TOWNSHIP CLERKS. 
 
 From organization to 1853, Elisha Cong- 
 don, Thomas Godfrey, H. H. Medley, 
 Jos. B. Prisbee, served as township 
 clerks. 
 
 Amasa Harper 1854-6 
 
 Orrin Thatcher 1857 
 
 Wesley Burchard 1858-60 
 
 Hiram B. Osgood 1861 
 
 Henry Pratt 1862 
 
 AsaBlackney 1863 
 
 Oscar F. Pease 1864 
 
 Jeremiah Krura 1865 
 
 Wesley Burchard 1866 
 
 Asa Blackney 1867 
 
 James Hudler 1868-7a 
 
 Asa Blackney 1871 
 
 Heman M.Woods 1873 
 
 James M. Martin 1873 
 
 Wm. J. Knapp 1874-5 
 
 Frederick Vogel ..1876-8 
 
 Augustus Newberger 1879 
 
 Jacob Schumacher 1880 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 to flu vacancy. . .1857 
 
 MialBoyd 1854 
 
 Orrin Thatcher 1855 
 
 F. R. Gorton, to fill vacancy 1855 
 
 Nathan Becker 1856 
 
 Francis R. Gorton 1857 
 
 Harvy,C. Boyd 
 Aaron Botsford 
 J. 0. Seldeu ) 
 
 L. L. Randall [■ to fill vacancy 1858 
 
 L. D. Godfrey ) 
 
 James Clark 1859 
 
 Noah C. Pratt 1860 
 
 Geo. W. TurnbuU 1861 
 
 H.A Smith 1863 
 
 James Clark 1863 
 
 Noah C. Pratt -.• .1864 
 
 W. F. Hatch 1 865 
 
 Horace A. Smith 186« 
 
 James Clark 1867 
 
 M. Poster 1868 
 
 Geo. W. Turnbull 1869 
 
 Wm. P. Hatch 1870 
 
 Michael Foster 1871 
 
 Orrin Thatcher 1873 
 
 H. A. Smith. 1873 
 
 Granville H. Coleman 1874 
 
 S.E.Cooper ' 1875 
 
 Michael J. Noyes 1876 
 
 Horace A. Smith 1877 
 
 Orrin Thatcher 1878 
 
 Frederick Hoppe 1879 
 
 M. J. Lehman 1880 
 
 Previous to 1854, Mahlon Wines, A. 0. Holt, Lewis Powell, Cy- 
 rus Beckwith, J. P. Wrisley, Nathan Pierce, Orlo H. Fenn, Jerard 
 Hatch, Elihu Frisbie and Edward Gray served as Justices of the 
 Peace. 
 
 VERMONT CEMETERY. 
 
 This, the oldest burial-place in Sylvan tp. originated as follows : 
 In 1835 Mrs. Jesse Smith died, her death being the first in the town- 
 ship. At that time no ground had been set apart for the burial of 
 the dead, and the fact that mortality would thenceforth certainly 
 claim his victims among the settlers, perhaps for the first time 
 rested on their minds, and they came to the conclusion that a ceni- ' 
 etery was needed in their midst. Aaron Lawrence, who owned land 
 on a corner east of Orlo Fenn's farm, sec. 24, ofi'ered to give a par- 
 cel of ground for a burial place, reserving a lot for his own family. 
 The remains of Mrs. Smith were deposited here, and thus the spot 
 was consecrated as the resting place of the dead. Afterward a Cem- 
 etery Association was formed for the government of the grounds, 
 and additions were made to the allotment. Since that period one 
 acre has been added, making a total area of two acres. It is the 
 resting place of nearly all the pioneers of Sylvan as well as many 
 of their descendants. 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 757 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP SCHOOL. 
 
 A local chronicler gives the followiDg account of the organiza- 
 tion of the first school district in the township. Having a belief 
 that the free-school system must be a part of the infant settlement, 
 the pioneers organized the first school district in the township, and 
 built a school-house a little south of the residence of Stephen J". 
 Chase. The one who was called to do the first school-teaching in 
 the township was Miss Harriet Wines, sister of Charles H. Wines, 
 and afterward Mrs. D. Warner. 
 
 There are at present five whole and three fractional districts la 
 the township, the present directors of which are as follows : 'So. 
 2, Philip Schweinfurth; No. 3, W. £. Depew; No. 4, Christian 
 Weber; No. 5, Michael Foster; No. 6, James Kigger; No. 7, Geo. 
 W. Buynton; No. 10, Michael Savage; No. 11, Truman W. Bald- 
 win. 
 
 Number of pupils attending school, 533; number of teachers 
 employed, 25; value of school property, $20,000; amount ex- 
 pended for school purposes in 1880, $6,086.72. 
 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHUECH OF SYLVAN. 
 
 This was founded in 1833, and was named the " First Baptist 
 Church of Christ." The following is a transcript of the original 
 record of organization: 
 
 " Territory of Michigan, town two, r«inge four east (Lima), July 
 5, 1833. The Baptist professors of Christ assembled at the school- 
 house in the south part of 2d town, county of Washtenaw, and 
 was organized as a Church of Christ. Sermon by Elder Twiss, who 
 also gave the right hand of fellowship, then being a member of the 
 Michigan Baptist Association. The members that presented let- 
 ters were as follows: Benjamin Danielson, Daniel Fenn, T. C. P. 
 Fenn, Orlo H. Fenn, Luther Chipman, Calvin Chipman, Mrs. 
 Eunice Danielson, Mrs. HuldahFenn, Mrs. Sally Gage, Mrs. Fanny 
 Hammond, Mrs. Euseba Chipman, Mrs. Celinda Chipman, Miss 
 Eiith Eastman, Mrs. Betsey Ann Fenn, — 14 in all. 
 
 The meetings of the infant Church were first held in a log school- 
 house, at Bingham's Mill, the first pastor being Elder Benjamin 
 Danielson. Afterward meetings were held in a frame school-house. 
 In 1851 it was decided to locate the services of the Church at Syl- 
 van Center, and meetings were held there in a school-house. 
 
 In 1849, under the pastoral labors of Eev. Luther Powell, the 
 Church was re-organized, or at least placed on a new foundation. 
 In 1851 the church building which now stands at Sylvan and has 
 latterly been used by the Methodists, was erected, the first pastor 
 located there being Rev. Mr. Hosford, who served the Church as 
 minister for nine years. Mr. Hosford's successor was Eev. H. 
 M.Gallup, of Grass Lake, who for three years preached at Sylvan 
 on Sunday afternoons. The next pastor was Rev. Mr. De Land, who 
 
758 HISTOEl OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 served about three years. He was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Brown, 
 who remained until E,ev. J. C. Armstrong became pastor of both the 
 Sylvan and Chelsea Churches. During his incumbency, in 1871, 
 the church building in Sylvan was sold to the Methodists, nearly 
 all the membership of the Baptist Church joining the Chelsea 
 organization. This event closed the history of the Baptist Church 
 in Sylvan. 
 
 AGEICULT0EAL KESOURCES. 
 
 The area of improved lands in the township is 12,577, and unim- 
 proved 7,681 acres, giving a total acreage of 20,262, laid off into 
 163 farms. 
 
 In May, 1880, there were 3,041 acres planted in wheat. The 
 year previous 3,719 acres, sown with the same cereal, yielded 75,- 
 100 bushels, averaging 20.19 per acre; 1,379 acres in corn produced 
 96,805 bushels; 667 acres in oats yielded 25,688 bushels; 69 acres in 
 barley gave 1,754 bushels; 427 acres in clover yielded 730 bushels of 
 seed ; 2,410 acres of meadow produced 3.027 tons of hay ;and 102 acres 
 in potatoes gave 7,512 bushels, being less than half the number 
 which the soil is capable of producing under the rude cultivation, 
 as applied by the Anishinabes of the pre-American pioneer. A 
 statement made by the Fepins and sustained by the Godfreys of 
 olden times, if it may be relied upon, records a little tract of land, 
 about an acre in extent, yielding 150 bushels of potatoes. 
 
 HISTORY OF CHELSEA. 
 
 The nucleus of Chelsea was formed about two miles west of the 
 present village. When the old strap-rail line of the Michigan 
 Central railroad was finished through the township, a station was 
 established near the farm of Hugh Davidson, and it took the name 
 "Davidson Station," from the circumstance. The little business 
 center at this point received the sobriquet " Gunntown," from the 
 fact that a man familiarly known as " Old Gunn " lived there. At 
 first the station was a mere stopping place for trains, and not till 
 1848 was there a station-house erected, and then the structure was 
 a rough affair. The track repairer was the station agent, and added 
 to his other duties the function of wood-sawyer for the road. The 
 first agent that occupied this nondescript position was Thos. J. 
 Davis, and he was followed by the Davidson brothers, who added a 
 horse car to their facilities for doing the work along the track. 
 Elisha Congdon was the first grain-buyer at Davidson "Station, and 
 James Seeley sold goods there at the same time, but finally sold 
 out to Mr._ Congdon. In the fall of 1848 the station was burned, 
 probably fired by an incendiary. On account of the fact that the 
 Manchester and northern trade could be more conveniently accom- 
 modated at Chelsea, the railroad company decided to establish the 
 station for Sylvan township at this point, which was then jocosely 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 7>59 
 
 called " Kedron," because a creek ran near the locality. The two 
 Congdons, Elisha and James, owned the land where the station was 
 to be established, and took an active interest in the promotion of 
 the scheme, which they saw plainly would result in the growth of 
 a town. 
 
 The Chelsea station was built in 1850, and the first station agent 
 was oue Finn. Elisha Congdou then lived in a frame house, where 
 the family mansion was afterward erected (now McKone house). It 
 was the first house in the place. The same building now stands 
 on the east side of Main st., corner of Church st., and is the home of 
 Mrs. T. H. Godfrey and her daughter, Mrs. Butterfield . In the fall of 
 1850 Elisha Congdon built the first store in Chelsea. It was situated 
 on the lot now occupied by the Taylor brothers, near the railroad, on 
 the east side of Main st. In the fall of 1850 the town was platted by 
 Elisha and James Congdon. The first named gentleman owned 160 
 acres on the east side of Main st., and the latter owned 300 acres on 
 the west side of the same thoroughfare. The second business build- 
 ing erected in Chelsea, after the location of the depot, was a brick 
 blacksmith shop, on the east side of Main street north of the rail- 
 road, built by C. H. Wines for Aaron Darand and Newton Robin- 
 son. In the same year, 1850, Asel S. Harris built a hotel and 
 saloon on the company's land just south of the depot, which he 
 kept open for several years afterward. John C. Winans, who was 
 doing business as a merchant in Sylvan, in 1851 erected a barn on 
 the lot where his residence now is, and his family lived therein 
 while he built a dwelling. The same season he built a store on the 
 corner of Middle and Main streets, where the Chelsea bank is now 
 located. In 1852 or 1853 William Smith, from Dexter, built a 
 store. Tom Hastings erected a business structure during the same 
 year, and the Fenn brothers and Clark built stores in 1854. From 
 that time the growth of the place was steady. 
 
 After Mr. Finn, the station agents were S. L. Sergeant, whose 
 service began in 1851; Aaron Durand, who succeeded in 1854, then 
 S.L. Sergeant again, who was followed by the present incumbent, 
 William Martin. Thomas Godfrey came from Sylvan Center dur- 
 ing these years, and built the Chelsea House, which is still standing 
 and is used as a hotel, by Thomas Hoag. Lewis Randall was also 
 among the first residents of the place, as was JSTewton Robinson. 
 Edward Winter kept a saloon, as did Jack Whittington. Jacob 
 Berry located in Chelsea in 1852, and built a small house, and, being 
 a carpenter and builder, he was engaged in the erection of many of 
 the first buildings of Chelsea. Elijah Plammond was another of 
 the early builders. Mrs. Berry, widow of Jacob Berry, still lives 
 in Chelsea. 
 
 The first death in'the village was that of Lewis Backus, and the 
 first birth was that of Eddie Sergeant. 
 
 Chelsea village is situated in the northeastern corner of Sylvan 
 township, on the line of the Michigan Central railway, about 17 
 miles from Ann Arbor on the east, and 21 from Jackson on the 
 
760 HISTORY OP WASHTENAW OOtTNTT. 
 
 west. It is thus well located fo,r trade, and has a wide section of 
 tributary country. It enjoys the reputation of being the largest 
 produce market in the county. It is said that more wool is shipped 
 from Chelsea than from any other one place in the State, while the 
 grain, apple, stock and meat shipments are very large. The produce 
 dealers of Chelsea are a wide-awake and enterprising class of men, 
 and pride themselves in giving such prices as shall divert trade to 
 their market. The activity and large amount of the produce busi- 
 ness of Chelsea, as a natural consequence, makes it a thriving mer- 
 cantile point, and never was there a place of the size that contained 
 so many and well-stocked stores of all kinds. It is remarked that 
 the merchants and their clerks are scarcely ever idle. With the 
 exception of a day of exceedingly dubious weather. Main and Mid- 
 dle streets are thronged with farmers' teams, and the stores of these 
 thoroughfares crowded with customers. 
 
 The general appearance of Chelsea is that of tlirift and good taste. 
 It covers the slopes and crown of a gentle eminence; its streets are 
 well graded; sidewalks have been generally laid on all the princi- 
 pal business and private streets, and all the business houses and 
 dwellings bear evidence of the recent growth of the place in new- 
 ness, neatness and modern style of architecture. The several 
 church edifices, the histories of which are elsewhere given, are suf- 
 ficiently commodious to accommodate the church-going people ot 
 the village, while their interiors are finished and furnished with 
 elegance. The village also rejoices in an excellent school under the 
 charge of the present able principal. Prof. Parker. 
 
 ADVENT OF THE M. C. E. R. 
 
 Chelsea was without a passenger depot until recently, and the 
 villagers and their friends were much gratified when the new and 
 elegant station was opened to the traveling public in December, 
 1880. The depot, though not so magnificent as that of Jackson, 
 excels it in architectural beauty, and is therefore one of the pret- 
 tiest railroad buildings in the State. 
 
 The population of the village is about 1,200; and the fact that 
 every house and tenement is occupied, and the application for fur- 
 ther accommodations constant and pressing, indicates a further and 
 rapid growth. The present condition of Chelsea is most satisfac- 
 tory, and its future as promising as the most interested property- 
 holder can desire. Never was there a place of its size which con- 
 tained a better class of citizens, so that its social status is of the 
 very highest character. Permanency is built into its very foundation. 
 The controlling element of its community is substantial, enter- 
 prising and moral, and there is not a thread of fustian woven into 
 its business or social fabric. It is the model village of the county. 
 
 An interesting relic of the early history of Chelsea is a statement 
 of the first shipment of goods on the primitive freight cars of the 
 Central railroad, in the old strap-rail times. This document was 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 761 
 
 found in an old acconnt-book, which was discovered in the hands 
 of a farmer in Lyndon, and now serves the purpose of a scrap-book. 
 This first shipment was made on May 2, 1850, by M. P. Hutchins, 
 and consisted of a singlebarrelof eggs, weighing 130 pounds, which 
 was sent to consignees at Detroit. The next shipment was on the 
 6th, and consisted of two boxes, one shipped by Thomas G. Miller, 
 and the other by the station agent. The freight from the station 
 for the residue ot the month would not make an hour's shipment at 
 the present time. 
 
 KAILROAD ACCIDENTS IN VILLAGE AND TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Situated midway between Jackson and Ann Arbor as Chelsea is, 
 the station here is the stopping place for the greater number of 
 trains on the M. C. railway, and many of these pass each other here. 
 Probably from this cause several deaths from railway accidents have 
 occurred here. The most notable and shocking was that, in 1867, 
 of Mrs. Wines, wife of Prof. Wm. Wines, then principal of the 
 Chelsea Union school. Mrs. Wines was a teacher in the same 
 school with her husband, and was returning home at noon across 
 the track on East street, or the next crossing east, just as the noon 
 express was approaching. A child cried to her, " Oh! don't cross 
 now!" but she gaily replied, " I can cross easily enough," when her 
 foot or dress caught on the track, the train rushed upon her, the 
 cow-catcher struck her, throwing the unfortunate lady away from 
 the track upon a fence, from which she rebounded, falling a man- 
 gled and quivering frame upon the ground. She lived in uncon- 
 sciousness three or four hours and died. 
 
 A German baker was also killed near tlie station. He was on 
 the train just arriving from Ann Arbor. Learning that the train 
 would not stop at Chelsea, when it was running at full speed he 
 made a fearful leap, and striking on his head, his brains were dash- 
 ed out on the ground, killing him instantly. 
 
 Mrs. McJSTamara was another victim, who was killed by a train 
 west of the station. P. Montague was also killed by a train while 
 attempting to cross the track west of the station, as was also Ger- 
 ald Crowley, about 1862. 
 
 THE M0EDER OF JOHN C. DEPEW. 
 
 One dark deed has marked the annals of the township. This 
 was the assassination of John C. Depew, an old and respected citi- 
 zen, on the night of Sept. 10, 1863. Mr. Depew was at the time 
 engaged in the sale of agricultural machines, in company with a 
 man named Ebenezer Araold. On the day of the murder he had 
 sold machinery, and the proceeds, a considerable amount of money, 
 he had on his person when he started for liome in the evening, a 
 short distance west of the village. He did not make his appear- 
 ance at his dwelling that night, his family became alarmed in con- 
 
762 HIbTORT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 sequence, and the next day the town was thoroughly aroused, and a 
 search was made for the missing man. It was evident that foul 
 play had to do with the disappearance of the old pioneer. JS^ot till 
 the next Sunday, two or three days after Mr. Depew was missed, 
 was the mystery unveiled. Then the searchers were shocked on find- 
 ing the bruised dead body of their fellow citizen secreted in a dense 
 growth of weeds, near the raih'oad track, a short distance west of 
 the depot. The head had been crushed in on one side by some 
 blunt instrument, the blow causing death. A coroner's inquest 
 into the case was held before Justice Geo. W. TurnbuU, and a ver- 
 dict rendered according to the facts. Several parties were suspected 
 and placed under arrest. Among them was Geo. Cleveland, 
 who was tried, and, on the testimony of a woman, supposed to be a 
 harlot, was convicted of murder, and sentenced to imprisonment 
 for life. Cleveland went to the penitentiarv, but did not remain 
 long betore he was pardoned out by Gov. Austin Blair, on Cleve- 
 land's proving an alibi, showing that at the time the murder was 
 committed he was with his regiment in Chicago. Many conject- 
 ures were indulged by the citizens of Chelsea as to who the guilty 
 party or parties were, and there are those in the village still who 
 think the assassins could be named if that only were necessary to 
 bring them to justice. 
 
 THE FIEE-FIEND S DEEDS. 
 
 Chelsea has during its history been visited by two devastating 
 fires. The first occurred in April, 1870, and swept away the entire 
 row of buildings on the west side of Main street, between Middle 
 street and the railroad. The fire caught in Geo. Rule's tailor shop, 
 over Wood Bros.' store and thence communicated to the entire 
 block. The structures being of wood, no effort could save them. 
 The present row of fine stores was soon erected on the site of the 
 burned buildings, which much improved the appearance of the 
 street. In February, 1871, James Hudler's store was burned, and 
 though situated in the midst of the new row of buildings, the con- 
 tiguous walls were so well constructed, and the efforts of the citizens 
 were so prompt and energetic, that the fire was checked before it 
 had seriously damaged the adjoining stores. 
 
 In November, 1876, another destructive fire occurred in Chelsea, 
 which burned all that portion of the east side of Main street 
 between Middle street and the Chelsea House. The buildings here 
 were also of wood, and the fire raged unchecked until the destruc- 
 tion was complete. The fire originated in a saloon situated in the 
 midst of the block. This burned district was also soon covered 
 with substantia] brick buildings, furnishing the village with a 
 number of elegant and commodious stores. 
 
8TLVAN TOWNSHIP. 763 
 
 PBESIDENTS OF THE VILLAGE. 
 
 In 1870 the official records of Chelsea village were burned in the 
 fire that consumed the west side of Main street, and it has been 
 found impossible to recover a full list of presidents and clerks from 
 the time of organization till 1870. Elisha Congdon was the first 
 president of the village and the distinction of being second presi- 
 dent is disputed between Reuben and C. H. Kempf. The follow- 
 ing is a list of presidents of the corporation from 1870 to 1880: 
 David Thomas, 1870-'2; Reuben Kempf, 1873; Orrin Thatcher 
 1874-'5; Geo. W.Turnbull, 1876; Samuel G. Ives, 1877; G. W. 
 Turnbull, 1878-'9; James P. Wood, 1880; James L. Gilbert, 1881. 
 
 CLERKS OF THE VILLAGE. 
 
 The following is the list of village clerks for the same period: G. 
 J. Crowell, 1870-'l; J. H. Stype, 1872-'4; H.A. Smith and James 
 Tavlor, 1875; Edward McNamara, 1876; C. C. Babcock, 1877; H. 
 A.'Smith, 1878; C. H. Robins, 1879-'80; Gilbert Gay, 1881. 
 
 OAK GROVE CEMETERY. 
 
 This beautiful city of the dead is an evidence of the culture, taste 
 and refinement of the citizens of Chelsea, and especially of the high 
 qualities of the ladies, through whose efforts the money to defray 
 the expense of improving the cemetery grounds was secured. Oak 
 Grove Cemetery was established in September, 1860. During the 
 20 and a half years which have elapsed since that time, 110 lots 
 have been sold and about 100 used for burial, averaging but five 
 lots sold during each year, so few being a striking evidence of the 
 healthfulness of the district. The names of the organizers appear- 
 ing on the record book of the cemetery are as follows: J. W. Green, 
 Curran White, H. E. Francisco, Elisha Congdon, G, W. James, F. M. 
 Hooker, John W. Smith, Geo. Barnes, Isaac Denman, James Thomp- 
 son, Chas. H. Kempf, Wra. Doyle, Jacob Berry, W. W. Whedon, 
 John Letts, D. C. Hurd, W. F. Hatch, T. R. Gorton, Thos. Leach, S. 
 T. Denton, James Backwith, S. S. Sergeant, Henry Camfield, B.J. 
 Tuttle, Lewis Winans, Albert Sons, Thos. S. Sears, E. Lowe, J. S. 
 Harlow, T. T. Royce, Dr. R. B. Gates, E. Hammond, E. Beach, R. 
 Martin, M. M. Boyd, Charles Congdon, D. Maroney, M. Millspaugh. 
 
 The present officers are James S. Gilbert, President; Aaron 
 Durand, Treasurer; Geo. P. Glazier, Clerk; Charles Congdon, Sex- 
 ton; Thos. S. Sears, E. L. Noyes, Jas. P. Wood, Heman S. Holmes 
 Charles H. Kempf and Wra. H. Calkins (deceased). Trustees. 
 
 Recently an important addition has been made to the improve- 
 ments of Oak Grove Cemetery, in the shape of a receiving vault. 
 This is a solid structure, built entirely of field stone, and is of 
 sufficient size to hold 20 caskets or more. The interior of the vault 
 is well finished; it is well ventilated, and enclosed by mass- 
 
764 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ive iron doors. The masonry of this vault is probably not excelled 
 by any work of the kind in the State, the entire arch being formed 
 of iield stone, broken in keystone shape. This little, though valua- 
 ble work was carried out by Grant & Nelson, at a cost to the pro- 
 prietors of about $800. 
 
 The cemetery grounds are well kept, the drive- ways and walks 
 arranged with a view to convenience as well as propriety, and the 
 various groves so selected and planted by the botanist, that wher- 
 ever the eye of the visitor is cast a beautiful vista presents itself for 
 admiration, leaving nothing to remind him of a necropolis save the 
 tell-tale marble. The monuments bespeak the character of the 
 people: on every terrace there may be seen a magnificent tribute to 
 departed worth, a work of the sculptor's hands, which time itself 
 will scarcely cause to fade away. S«ch is the quiet home of those 
 who have gone up higher — the pioneers and their children who died 
 in the village of their adoption or nativity. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school after the village began to grow was in a building 
 near the present Congregational Church, and taught by W. F. 
 Hatch. In 1864 a house was built on the corner of West South 
 and Middle streets, which was used for school purposes till 1860. 
 This is now occupied as the residence of Heman Woods. In that 
 year the brick Union school-house was erected, on the corner ot 
 East and East South streets. Elisha Congdon was the contractor, 
 and built the house for $5,000, though its actual cost was $6,000, 
 he contributing $1,000 from his own funds. In 1875 an addition 
 was made to the structure, at a cost of $3,000. In 1880, the number 
 of pupils having become so large that further accommodations were 
 necessary, a small house for the primary department was built ad- 
 jacent to the larger building. The accommodations for the various 
 departments of the school are ample, the rooms well furnished, the 
 high school provided with chemical and philosophical apparatus, 
 etc. The principals of the Union school from the period of its ded- 
 ication comprise among others. Professors Macomber, Van Cleve, 
 Wm. Wines, W. C. Hill, Wm. M. Osband, Willetts Hill, George 
 Brown, J. K. Davis, IST. A. Kichards and P. M. Parker, the present 
 principal. 
 
 OHtJECHES. 
 
 Congregational Church of Chelsea. — The record of this Church 
 shows its organization in the Vermont settlement to be completed 
 March 21, 1835, under the name of the Presbyterian Church of 
 Sylvan. The meeting was opened by the prayer of the Rev. Mr. 
 Bouton. The Rev. Mr. Beach presided, with Mahlon Wines the 
 appointed scribe. The articles of faith, covenant and practice 
 adopted by the Presbytery of Monroe, February, 1834, and recom- 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 765 
 
 mended for adoption to the Churches under their care, being pre- 
 sented by the chairman, was read by him and carefully considered 
 by the persons present. They petitioned the Presbytery to appoint 
 a committee to constitute them a Church, and resolved unani- 
 mously to adopt said articles then and there presented. 
 
 The members included Ira Spaulding, William A. Davis, John 
 C. Winans, Obed Cravath, Alfred C. Holt, with Mrs. Chloe Spaul- 
 ding, Abigail Davis, Hannah Cravath, Lucy Emeline Cravath, 
 Adaline L. Holt, Matilda Lawrence, Ann Wines, Lucy Davis, Har- 
 riet Warner, Sarah Beacon and Mehitable Preston. 
 
 On the motion of Mr. Wines, seconded by John 0. Winans, it 
 was voted to adopt the Presbyterian form of government, and con- 
 stitute a Presbyterian Church. Yoted by each member, giving 
 him and her a vote personally, to the scribe to elect the following 
 persons as elders in the Church: O. Cravath, M. Wines and Ira 
 Spaulding. TJiis completed the work of the meeting. This 
 Church was the foundation of the present Congregational Church 
 of Chelsea, which was organized about Christmas, 1849. For a 
 time services were held about the neighborhood at school-liouses, 
 until the building of the church in 1851. Since reorganization the 
 Church has rapidly progressed, and under the administration of 
 Rev. Dr. Thomas Holmes, gives promise of attaining rare excel- 
 lence among the Churches of the State. The value of church 
 property is estimated at $4,500; the number of members is 150; 
 the membership of the Sabbath-school about 200,. 
 
 The ministers of the Congregational Church of Chelsea from the 
 period of organization are named in order: 
 
 Reverends — Josephus Morton, Thomas Jones, Hiram Elmer, 
 James F. Taylor, O. M. Thompson, Robert Hovington, Benjamin 
 Franklin, D. F. Hathaway, Dr. Thomas Holmes. 
 
 The present officers comprise: Dr. Holmes, Pastor; John C. 
 Winans, Horace Smith, Charles Easton, Deacons, with J. D. Cro- 
 well. Clerk; Thomas Wilkinson, C. H. Camp, Geo. A. Robertson, 
 James L. Gilbert, Horace Baldwin, W. F. Hatch, Trustees; Thomas 
 Wilkinson, Treasurer; George A. Robertson, Clerk; Rev. Dr. 
 Thomas Holmes, Superintendent of Sunday-school. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Chelsea was organized in 
 1853, by Rev. Mr. Hedger, who then preached in Lima, Rev. 
 Ebenezer Steel, who is now superannuated, and resides in Ann 
 Arbor, being the first regular pastor. The members of the first 
 class were: Mr. and Mrs. M. M. Boyd, Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. 
 Bowles, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Berry, and perhaps one or two others. 
 The pastors who succeeded Mr. Steel were Revs. E. P. Brockway, 
 Charles Stringham, Manassa Hickey, Orrin Whitmore, Wtn. Ander- 
 son, William Shire, Mr. May, Geo. Smith, Geo. Lowe, Wm. 
 Leavington, David Casler, Wm. Holt, J. W. Campbell, D. Shire; 
 Rev. J. L. Hudson being the present incumbent. At first, the ser- 
 vices of the society were held in the Congregational church. The 
 building of the present church edifice was begun in 1858, and tin- 
 
766 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OODJSTY. 
 
 ished in 1859. The first Sunday-school was organized in 1854, 
 Silas Sergeant being the first Superintendent. The present class- 
 leader is S. Gr. Ives, assisted by the pastor. The trustees are 
 Loron Babcock, S. G. Ives, Milo Hunter, F. M. Hooker and Jaines 
 Rowe. The stewards are Charles Crane, A. Rodell, Geo. Whit- 
 taker, Mrs. Geo. P. Glasier and Mrs. Geo. Davidson. The pastor 
 is superintendent of the Sunday-school. 
 
 The First Catholic Chtirch of Sylvan was built about four miles 
 northwest of Chelsea. It was a wooden structure, and the original 
 building received two successive additions. It is now surrdunded 
 by a cemetery, where the Catholic dead are still interred. The first 
 ofiiciating priest in this locality was Rev. Father Hennessey, of De- 
 troit. Rev. Father Cullen, of Ann Arbor, was probably the clergy- 
 man who founded the Church. Rev. John Van Genip, Pastor of 
 the Dexter Church, held services for some time at the Chelsea 
 church, built in 1869, which was a mission till 1848. Rev. Patrick 
 Duhig became the permanent pastor, and has remained such since 
 that time. During his incumbency the church has been modern- 
 ized, a pastoral residence erected, and the grounds about both dwell- 
 ing and church highly improved. The church edifice is of brick, 
 52 by 100 feet in superficial extent, with a 15-foot apse. It was 
 built at a cost of $10,000 to $12,000. The pastor's house cost, in- 
 cluding outbuildings and improvement of grounds, $4,000. The 
 residence is a roomy, double two-story structure, and contains an 
 office and private chapel, besides the other apartments common to 
 a gentleman's dwelling. The Chelsea Church is composed of 130 
 families, and is in a flourishing condition. 
 
 The Baptist Church of Chelsea was organized at the residence 
 of Dr. R. B. Gates, on April 28, 1868, by 19 constituent members. 
 In June, the same year, Mr. Frank Everett was chosen deacon of 
 the Church. Rev. H. W. Brown was the first pastor, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. J. C. Armstrong,who began his labors Oct. 26, '68. 
 and continued till Feb. 5, 1871. During his pastorate the present 
 church edifice on Main street was erected at a cost of $6,000. Dur- 
 ing this time Milo Baldwin was elected one of the deacons of the 
 Church. Rev. G. Meseleias succeeded Mr. Armstrong, closing 
 his relation in August, 1872. In the following November Rev. L. 
 C. Pettengill became pastor, and continued thus till 1874. In 
 July a call was extended to Rev. William Bird, and in October he 
 was ordain'^da pastor. He remained one year and during the suc- 
 ceeding year the pulpit was supplied by Rev. J. C. Armstrong, 
 Rev. Messrs. Shepherd, Nelson, Abbott and Prof. Ten Brook. Rev. 
 A. A. Hopkins was pastor during the summer of 1876, and directed 
 the building ol the parsonage. Nov. 19, 1876, a call was ex- 
 tended to Rev. E. A. Gay, who immediately entered upon his work, 
 and has continued in the pastorate to the present time, beino- now 
 in the fifth year of his service. Since the organization of the 
 Church 136 members have united with it. During the j-ear 1880 
 the church building was enlarged and embellished at an expense of 
 
^y"^ .-y^^^^^^.^^ 
 
SYLVAN TOWNsmr. 769 
 
 over $1,000, and it is now a commodionsand pleasant place of re- 
 ligions worsliip, a credit to Chelsea and to the congregation of Bap- 
 tists. 
 
 ST 
 
 The St. PauVs German Lutheran CAt<rcA of Chelsea, was organ _ 
 ized Feb. 2, 1868. The following were the originating members: 
 G. "Wackenhnt, G. Ilerelschwerdt, M. Lehman, J. Bieler, F. Yogel, 
 D. Faist, J. Schaible, G. Mast, I. Vogt, J. Schumacher, J. Morlock, 
 F. Bresemle, J. Fahner, J. Schetfel, J. Scliultz, A. Boose, F. Boose. 
 The church building on Summit street was erected during the same 
 year in which the Church was organized. Rev. J. Schladermnnd, 
 of Waterloo, Jackson countj', during the first few months lield ser- 
 vices in the new church once in two weeks, and in the fall of 1868 
 Rev. Tierk, from Waterloo, assumed pastoral charge of the Church: 
 F. N. J. Wolf followed till 1871, conducting service once in two 
 weeks until 1875, when Rev. M. Graupner assumed the pastorate. 
 He, in 1877, was followed by Rev. Mr. Bunge, who remained till 
 1878, when the present pastor. Rev. M.Metzer, of Waterloo, became 
 shepherd of the flock. There are at present 20 members in the 
 congregation. The following are the names of the present trustees: 
 J. Schntz. Fred Vogel and J. Hepfer. 
 
 OTHER SOCIETIES. 
 
 The order of FreewMsons have one flourishing lodge in Chelsea. 
 It is denominated Olive Lodge, No. 156. The records of the lodge 
 were burned in one of the fires that have twice consumed portions 
 of Main street, and a full history of the organization is not obtain- 
 able. The following is a list of the present officers of the Olive 
 Lodge: M. J. Noyes, W. M.; J. D. Schaitman, S. W.; John A. 
 Palmer, J. W.; T. E. Wood, Secretary; H. S. Holmes, Treasurer; 
 H. M. Woods, S. D.; C. M. Davis, J. D.; B. Wight, Tyler. The 
 lodge has a membership of 67, and at present meets in a hall over 
 Hudler's store. Main street. 
 
 Y&rnor Lodge, L. 0. 0. F., was named after Benjamin Yernor, 
 of Detroit, now Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of the State. 
 The records of the lodge were burned in the fire of 1876, so that a 
 full history of the organization cannot be given. The lodge was 
 founded March 31, 1861. The following are the names of the char- 
 ter members: J. M. Congdon, J. Berry, A. Blackney, E. Hammond, 
 D. Tompkins, A. Natten, and Stephen Sigfried. There are now 32 
 members of the lodge, ofiicered as follows: A. F. Wooden, Noble 
 Grand; John J. Wakenhaut, Vice-Grand; J. Schumacher, Treas- 
 urer; Geo. E. Wright, Secretary. • 
 
 The German W orhingmeio' s Benevolent Association of Chelsea 
 was organized in 1872, incorporated in 1876, and united to the 
 State association during the latter year. The capital of the associ- 
 
 46 
 
772 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 conducted bj Edward L. Negus; Chelsea Tile "Works, established 
 in 1871, and owned by Orrin Thatcher; Chelsea Marble Works, 
 established in 1879, by Augustus Neuburger; Frederick 
 Vogel's carriage shops, established in 1865; StaiFer Bros., wood 
 working establishment; and Charles Steinbach, liarness-maker; and 
 blacksmith — Jacob Schumacher, established in 1870. 
 
 In closing this sketch of Chelsea it is just to state, that it takes 
 precedence of all the other villages of Michigan in beauty of loca- 
 tion and regularity of public and private streets, in the number of 
 its churches, the efficiency of its Union school, and in the en- 
 terprise of its citizens. It has been said of this people, that they 
 are noted for their eminent business abilities, and whatever they 
 do or undertake to do is thorouglily done. This remark does not 
 apply to business matters alone, but extends itself also to their 
 rational modes of pastime and enjoyment. In the following pages, 
 devoted to the personal sketches of the past and present prominent 
 citizens of Sylvan township and Chelsea village, these characteris- 
 tics of the people will become more evident. 
 
 PERSONAL SKETCHES. 
 
 On the following pages are given brief biographical notices of 
 prominent citizens of the village of Chelsea and township of Sylvan, 
 which will prove interesting as a legitimate department of the 
 history of this community. 
 
 Loron Babcock, produce merchant, Chelsea, was bom at Lyons, Wayne Co. N . Y. 
 Aug. 23, 1832, son of Moses and Abigail (Surdam) Babcocli; father was a farmer 
 and carpenter. Loron assisted him on the farm, and in 1833 accompanied his par- 
 ents to Bridgewater tp., Washtenaw Co., Mich. They soon after removed to Liv- 
 ingston Co., where Loron attained majority. In 1845 he engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits at Unadilla, and in 1859, opened a store at Chelsea, Washtenaw Co. In 
 1879 he sold his stock, and has since devoted his attention to the produce business. 
 In 1846 he married Elizabeth Green, of Lyndon tp. Mrs. Babcock died in 1860, 
 and in 1861 he married Kate Oxtoby, of Chelsea. He had one son by his former 
 wife, Collin E., who graduated from a commercial college in Detroit. He was mar- 
 ried in 1874 to Ella Lawrence, of Chelsea. 
 
 James A. Bachman, proprietor of the dried fruit evaporator works, Chelsea, was 
 born at Fayette, Seneca Co., N. Y., in 1838, son of Charles C. Bachman. 
 James spent his early life in the brick and tile business, and once conducted a yeast 
 factory. In 1868, he went to Black Hawk Co., Iowa, and farmed awhile near 
 Janesville. In 1869 he came to Michigan, where, for some years, he was engaged in 
 carpentering. In 1875 he entered the employ of the M. C. R. R. Co., and in Sept., 
 1880, established his present business, in which he has been successful. He was 
 married in 1865 to Jeanette Kine, and they have one child, Florence, who is 13 
 years of age. Mr. Bachman owns several pieces of property in Chelsea. 
 
 Jabez Bacon, hardware merchant, Chelsea, was born at Wells, Somersetshire, 
 England, Aug. 19, 1850. He passed his youth in his native land, and in 1871, emi- 
 grated to the United States, coming to Chelsea the same year. He was employed 
 by C. H. Kempf in the lumber business, remaining with him for three years. He 
 then engaged in his present business, under the firm name of J. Bacon & Co., and in 
 connection with the hardware trade they carry a full line of sash, doors blinds and 
 agricultural implements. Mr. Bacon was married in 1874 to Eliza Hook, of Chel- 
 sea. They have 4 children— Annie L., Benjamin W., Nellie J. and Marie H. Mr. 
 and Mrs Bacon are members of the Congregational Church, and he is connected 
 with the A. O. U. W. 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 7(3 
 
 William Bacon, lumber dealer, Chelsea, was born at Wells, England, and was 
 first employed as bookkeeper for Prusser Ward, Hulbert, London. In 1873 Mr, 
 Bacon came to Chelsea, Mich., and was an attendant at the Chelsea Union school, 
 and subsequently learned the tinner's trade at Fowlerville. He was employed by 
 Kempf, Bacon & Co., for some years, and when his brother retired from the firm, 
 he entered the vacant position, and the firm name was changed to William Bacon 
 & Co. Mr. Bacon was married in 1876 to Lois Congdon, daughter of James M . 
 Congdon. They have 3 children. Mr. Bacon owns fine property in Chelsea, and 
 is an enterprising business man. 
 
 John Bagge, proprietor of a meat market, Chelsea, was born in Schleswig, Gi r- 
 many, Sept. 29, 1845, and is a son of Christian and Jurgensen Bagge. He was edu- 
 cated in his native land, and there learned the butcher's business. He came to the 
 United States in 186^, and for a short time was engaged in farming in Sylvan tp , 
 He subsequently established his present business in Chelsea, and is now doing a 
 thriving trade. On Christmas day, in 1873, he married Wilhelmina Schultzman, 
 of Cleveland, Ohio. They have 2 children — Carl H. and Lawrence Henry. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Bagge are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 Milo Baldwin, retired farmer, Chelsea, was born at Whiting, Addison Co., \'t., . 
 Feb. 9, 1824. His parents were Treat and Sophronia (Glidden) Baldwin, the former 
 of whom was a farmer. Milo was eight years of age when his parents removed to 
 Michigan, in 1834. They located in Sylvan tp., where, in a short time, the whole 
 family had an attack of the "shakes." At length they moved upon the farm of A. 
 S. Bell, where Mrs. Baldwin died Aug., 1839. After that sad event the family sepa- 
 rated. Milo and three of the children went to Steuben Co., Ind., and remained there 
 five years. Milo then returned to Sylvan tp, and engaged in farming. His father 
 returned one year later, and died in Sylvan tp, Milo was married Sept,, 1847, to 
 Aminda Fann, He owned 130 acres on sees, 23 and 23, where he resided 10 years, 
 after which he sold out and bought the n. e. qr. of sec, 11, where he lived for 17 
 years. In 1880 he removed to Chelsea, where he has since resided, Mrs. Baldwin 
 died in 1863, leaving an infant child. In 1865 Mr, Baldwin married Mary Hicks, 
 He is a member of the Congregational Church, and a Mason, 
 
 T. W. Ba.ldwin, farmer and stock raiser, sec. 23, Sylvan tp., was born in Vermont 
 in 1838. His parents were Treat and Sophronia, who were of English descent. 
 He attended school in his native State, and after coming here in 1835, he received 
 some education from the schools in this county. He first settled two miles south- 
 east of where he now resides. He was married Aug. 16, 1846, to Mrs. Betsey Ann 
 Mclntyre, and their marriage life has been peaceful and happy. Only 1 child has 
 been born to them, a son named Albert, who is mar/ ied ; the owner of 60 acres of 
 good land, and prospering finely. Mr. B. has 100 acres of land under cultivation, 
 and is living in a good and comfortable place. Both are members of the Baptist 
 Church. Mr. Baldwin is a Republican. 
 
 Daniel Bale, son of Nicholas and Elizabeth Bale, whn born June 10, 1833, in 
 Livingston county, N. Y. In June, 1834, he accompanied his pai'ents to Michi- 
 gan, and after one year's residence in Scio, they settled in Lima tp. He was mar-, 
 ried Oct. 8, 1854, to Amanda C. Tuttle, of Freedom tp. They have 4 children — 
 Albert A., born July 37, 1855 ; Ida E., born Aug. 22, 1857 ; E.sther B., born Dec. 6, 
 1861 ; and Cynthia A., born Feb. 3, 1869. After marriage he resided on the home- 
 stead for some j'ears. In 1869 he located at Chelsea, where he has since resided. 
 His father came to this county in 1834 ; in December, 1836, located in Lima tp., 
 where he died Sept. 24, 1842. Mrs. Bale, mother of Daniel, was the mother of 11 
 children, 3 of whom are living. She was born in Xorthampton county, Pa., .Ian. 
 19, 1801, and died at Chelsea, Feb. 13, 1881, aged 80 years and 25 days. 
 
 /. V. Bayer, Sylvan tp,, sec, 23; P, O,, Chelsea; was born in Jackson county, 
 Mich,, Jan, 28, 1839, His parents, Jacob and Catherine (Speidle) Bayer, are of 
 European nativity. Mr. B. attended the common schools for some time, and 
 received the remainder of his education at the Lena high school, Jackson, He 
 was married in 1866 to Augusta A, Green, This union has been blessed with two 
 daughters — Lillie Jane and Blanche Elvina, Mr, and Mrs. B, are members of the 
 Baptist Church in Chelsea, Mr, B, owns 40 acres of good land, which he farms 
 himself. He is a Republican. 
 
 William A Begole (deceased) was born in Danville, Steuben Co,, N, Y,, March 
 3, 1806, and was a sop of Thomas and Mary (Bowles) Begole, the former of whom 
 was a farmer, his ancestors being Maryland planters, and large real-estate owners, 
 Mr. Begole was of French descent, and inherited the grace of manner, politenes 
 
774: HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and amiable disposition characteristic of that race. Mr. Begole was reared on a 
 farm, and in 1839, at the age of 23, came to Michigan, first stopping at Ann Arbor. 
 He worked for Cyrus Beckwith, of Sylyan tp., for nearly two years and assisted in 
 the erection of the first building in Sylvan tp. In 1831 he located land on sec. 36, 
 Sylvan tp. In 1832 he married Abigail Nowland, of Scio tp., who lived until 
 1854, and dying, left 7 children, one of whom is deceased. The children were 
 Andrew, Matilda, Charles, Augustus, Mary Davis, Cynthia and Emily. Three of 
 these are married. Mr. Begole's second marriage was to Mrs. Elizabeth (Kanouse) 
 Cook, on Oct. 17, 185.5. Two children were born to them — Dora A. aud George A. 
 Mr Begole remained on his farm until his death, which occurred July 7, 1880, at 
 the age of 74 years. His widow survived him until Oct. 9, 1880, when she was laid 
 tenderly at rest by numerous friends and relatives. Mrs Bsgole was a member of 
 the Congregational Church, and her husband was a supporter of the services of that 
 denomination. A pioneer friend said of him: " He was regular in all his habits, 
 temperate in all tilings, honest and upright with his fellow-men, a good and affec- 
 tionate husband and a kind parent, and in fact one of our best citizens." His chil- 
 dren now occupy the farm. His son, George A., was born June 31, 1859, and 
 obtained his educational trainiug in the Chelsea Union school, and at Goldsmith's 
 commercial school, of Detroit. In the fall of 1879 he became a salesman in the 
 store of H. S. Holmes, at Chelsea, remaining there some 10 months. He then went 
 to Detroit, and was employed as bookkeeper of the C. B. Clark manufacturing com- 
 pany. On the death of his mother he returned home and took charge of thefarm. 
 His sister, Dora A. , received a good education in the Chelsea schools. She is a lady 
 of unusual amiability and refinement of manners. 
 
 A portrait of Mr. Begole is given elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 OTiristopher Benter, farmer, sec. 19, Sylvan tp; P. O., Francisco; was born in 
 Germatiy in 1812. He is the son of Christopher and Margaret Benter. He attended 
 school in Germany, but when old enough started to America to do for himself. He 
 landed in South Carolina, and was engaged in the mercantile trade for some six 
 years. At the end of that time he came to Michigan, and since coming to this 
 county has been engaged in farming. He was married in 1835, and is the father of 
 5 children — John Henry, Matilda, Velimina, Bartlaugh and Augustine. Mr. B. and 
 wife are members of the M. E. Church, of which denomination he has been Trustee. 
 He is a Democrat. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth {Holmes) Briqqs. daughtei' of Samuel W. Holmes, of Scio tp., 
 was married to Nathaniel W. Briggs, of Taunton, IMass., April 16, 1873. He re- 
 sided at Richmond, Ind., from that date until 1877. On July 6, of the latter year, 
 Mr. Briggs died, and his wido^v soon after returned to Scio tp., this county. Since 
 September, 1879, she has resided at C'helsea. 
 
 J. Manly Burcharcl, retired farmer, Chelsea, was born in Albany county, N. Y., 
 Nov. 17, 1816, and was a son of Dixon and Maria (Frisby) Burchard, the former of 
 whom was a miller and farmer. Mr. Burchard was one of a family of 10 children. 
 His mother died when he was 13 years of age, and his father married Delia Becker. 
 In 1835 the family removed to Michigan and located on 160 acres of land near Syl- 
 'van Center. Both parents are deceased. Mr. Burchard was reared on a farm, and 
 now owns a fine tract of land in Sylvan tp. In 1874 he removed to Chelsea, where 
 he has since resided. He was married April 15, 1846, to Ann Maria Glover, and 8 
 children have been born to them, 1 of whom is deceased ; Dixon, who married 
 Mary Franklin, is a resident of Chelsea; and Adeline, wife of Abram Spencer, a 
 farmer of Sylvan tp. Mr. Burchard was formerly connected with the United Breth- 
 ren denomination, but now attends the worship of the Congregational Church. He 
 used the first threshing-machine ever brought into Sylvan tp., also the first breaking 
 plow. 
 
 Dr. Mortimer Bush, dentist, Chelsea, was born at Canadice, Ontario Co., N. Y., 
 in 1848, and is a son of William and Anna (Winfield) Bush. When seven years of 
 age his parents removed to Michigan, and settled in Grass Lake tp., Jackson Co. 
 He obtained a good English education in the Grass Lake Union school, and at the 
 age of 30 entered the dental ofllce of D. W. Smith, Jackson, where he remained 
 three years. After practicing for a short time at Jackson and Grass Lake, he 
 located at Chelsea in 1875, and opened an oflice, where he has since done business. 
 In 1870 he married Fredericka Franklin. They have 3 children— Lulu and Jesse. 
 
 Charles E. OMndler, of the firm of Chandler & Drislane, carriage manufacturers, 
 Chelsea, was born at Alstead, Chester Co., N. H., March 3, 1847. His parents 
 were Lyman and Mary Ann (Glover) Chandler, the former of whom was a physi- 
 
SVLVAN TOWNSHIP. 775 
 
 cian. Charles passed his early life in his native State, and at the age of 25 years 
 began work at his present trade. He located at Chelsea, Mich., in 1877, and formed 
 a co-partnership with Timothy Drislane, with whom he still continues in business. 
 The firm have built up a good trade by excellent work, and a strict attention to busi- 
 ness. Mr. Chandler is married and has 3 children. 
 
 SiepJien J. Chase was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., Jan. 11, 1805, and was the 
 eldest son of Stephen and Persis (Parks) Chase, who removed to Ontario county 
 when Stephen was a small boy. At 34 years of age Mr. Chase married Cordelia M. 
 Brown, and immediatel}' removed to Michigan, locating in Dexter tp., "Washtenaw 
 Co., in 1832. He entered 160 acresof Government land, where heremained41 years. 
 In 1873 he removed to Chelsea, where he has since resided. Mrs. Chase died in 1867, 
 leaving 5 children, — Persis, wife of Milton B. Millspaugh, of Chelsea; Jane L., wife 
 of B. P. Tuttle, of Chelsea; Eomaine P., a farmer of Sylvan tp.; Eva, wife of 
 Edward H. Branch, a merchant of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; and Maggie G., wife of Calvin 
 Pratt, who died in 1868. In 1868 Mr. Chase married Mrs. Harriet Kanouse, 
 widow of George Kanouse (dec). Mrs. Chase had 2 children by her former mar- 
 riage — Susan A., wife of A. AY. Chapman, and Rachel, who died in July 1865. 
 Mr. Chase assisted in the organization of the Washtenaw Farmers' Mutual Insur- 
 ance Co., and is a prominent member of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw 
 county. 
 
 G. V. Clark; farmer and dairyman. Sylvan tp.; P. O., Chelsea; was born in New 
 York in 1830, and is the son of James and Mary (Swick) Clark, the latter a native 
 of New Jersey, and of German descent, and the former of Scottish ancestry. He 
 received his education in the common schools of his native State, and the greater 
 part of his life has been spent in farming, but the last nine years he has added a 
 daily to his farm, and now has quite a trade in Chelsea. He lives on a smalWarm 
 on sec. 14, in Sylvan tp., and is doing a good business. He was married in 1876 to 
 Anna Hives. Ttiis union has been blessed with 4 children — 3 boys and 1 girl. 
 
 Hon. James 3f. Congdon, one of the owners of the original plat of Chelsea vil- 
 lage, was born in New London county, Conn., March 23, 1805, and is a son of Eli- 
 Bha and Abigail (Miner) Congdon. James was seven years old when his father 
 was killed by a falhng building, and the bereaved widow was left with 8 small 
 children to provide for. The family were poor, and were obliged to seek employ- 
 ment in a cotton mill. At 16 years of age Mr. Congdon learned the carpenter's 
 trade, and subsequently that of a machinist, being employed in the latter business 
 until his twenty-eighth year. In 1833 he came to Michigan and bought 300 acres of 
 land in Sylvan tp.,bounded by the Territorial road on the south, and extending north 
 beyond the limits of the present corporation of Chelsea; the eastern limit being 
 what is now Main street, Chelsea. His brother Elislia had previously bought 160 
 acres on the eastern side of Main street, so that nearly the entire village plat of 
 Chelsea was originally owned by the Congdon brothers. The village of Pierceville 
 sprung up on Elisha's land, but when the Michigan Central railroad was laid out 
 the people removed to Chelsea, and Pierceville lives only in the memory of the old- 
 est inhabitants. In the fall of 1870 Mr. Congdon was elected Representative to the 
 State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1872. Since the latter period Mr. Congdon 
 has devoted his time to the management of his estate, which comprises iiOO acres of 
 valuable land. Mr. C. was married in February, 1841, and has 7 children — Sarah 
 Elizabeth, wife of David Taylor; Lois M., wife of William Bacon; Jane; Russell, 
 a farmer of Sylvan tp.; Alice, wife of E. A. Avery, of Grand Junction, Iowa ; An- 
 drew J. and Prank M., both residing at home. Mr. Congdon is a member of the 
 M. E. Church, and is connected with the I. O. O F. and the Masonic fraternity. 
 
 Edmund E. Conklin (deceased), was the son of William and Susan Conklin, the 
 former a native of England, and the latter a native of New England, and of Ger- 
 man descent. He was bom May 15, 1797, in New York, and received the educa- 
 tional advantages afforded at country schools at that time . He was married in 
 1831 to Sophronia Hecox, to which union 2 children were born. His first wife died 
 and he married the second time to Nancy Brown, and this union resulted in the 
 birth of 2 children, a son and daughter. The son is a promising farmer in Sylvan 
 tp., while the daughter is unmarried and engaged in mission work, living with her 
 mother on the old homestead. Mr. Conklin was a member of the Baptist Church, 
 as is his wife to-day. He was a good man and died lamented by all with whom he 
 was acquainted. 
 
 George J. Orowell, merchant, Chelsea, was born in Hammondsport, Steuben Co., 
 N. Y., Sept. 4, 1834, and is a son of M. P. and Emeine (Graves) Crowell. His 
 
776 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 
 
 father was a cooper, and located at Leoni, Jackson Co., Mich., in 1835, where 
 George spent his youthful days. He went to Chelsea at the age of 17 years, and 
 entered the employ of John C. Winans, where he remained five years. In 1863 he 
 enlisted in the 30th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., serving nearly three years in the Ninth 
 Army Corps, under Gen. Burnside. In 1869 he engaged in business with C. S. Bar- 
 low, continuing that connection three years. He then bought out Mr. Barlow's inter- 
 est, and in 187a formed a co-partnership with J. L. Gilbert, with whom he has since 
 continued. He was married in 1865 to Julia Andrews, of Chelsea. Mr. Crowell 
 was appointed Postmaster of Chelsea in 1873, and still occupies that position. 
 
 John M. C'ummiiigs (deceased), was born in Oneida county, N. Y., and emigrated 
 to Michigan in 1865. He bought 160 acres of land in Sylvan tp., and resided there 
 30 years. He then removed to Chelsea, where, after an eight years' residence, he 
 died March 5, 1871, and his most estimalile wife followed him April 4 of the same 
 year. Three sons survived them — Lamont, Franklin D. and Norman ; the second 
 of whom, Franklin D., was born in 18^3, and resided on his father's farm after he 
 was of age, and subsequently purchased the farm now occupied by Dennis Rock- 
 well, which he afterward sold and moved back upon the paternal estate. After his 
 father's death, in 1873, he removed to Chelsea and bought property, where he has 
 since resided. He married Johanna Spencer, and the fruits of this union have been 
 the birth of 4 children — Nettie, Katie, John and Orrin, all residing with their par- 
 ents. Mr. Cummings is very comfortably situated in life, and is now engaged in 
 the exchange of property, in which business he has been uniformly successful. 
 
 Joshua Oushman (deceased), was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., Dec. 24, 1801, 
 and was the son of Consider and Phoebe (Thompson) Cushman. His father was 
 apprenticed to a wheelwright, and when 18 years of age enlisted in the Continental 
 army. The greater part of his time of service was spent as guard for a wagon 
 train, and he participated in some very serious engagements. At the close of the 
 war, the Colonel of the regiment, who had taken quite a fancy to the youthful war- 
 rior, gave him money enough to start in business for himself. Joshua, his son, 
 passed his early manhood with his parents, and was 38 years of age when he went 
 to Ontario county and bought a small farm in the town of Canadice. He was mar- 
 ried soon after to Louisa Morgan. Two years later he emigrated to Michigan and 
 settled in Limatp., Washtenaw county. The county was then in need of mechan- 
 ics, and Mr. Cushman sold his farm and started a blacksmith shop, one of the first 
 built in that tp., securing a remunerative trade for two years. He then sold out and 
 bought 130 acres of land in the southern part of the tp. , where he toiled until old age 
 forced him to relinquish the business to his son. He was the father of 5 children, 
 3 of whom survive — Warren and Mary. Mr. Cushman was a member of the first 
 Methodist Church in Lima tp., and at the time of his death was a member of that 
 denomination in Chelsea. He passed away from earth with the old year, his death 
 occurring Dec. 31, 1880. Mrs. Cushman died July 13, 1868. 
 
 Warren, Gushman, Chelsea, was born at (Janadice, Ontario Co., N. Y., Feb. 84, 
 1835, and accompanied his parents to Michigan the same year. He passed his youth 
 on his father's farm, continuing with him after reaching his majority. He was mar- 
 ried Dec 13, 1876, to Joanna Lefarge, of Lima tp. He removed to Chelsea in 1877, 
 •where he has since resided. He bought a comfortable home in that thriving village, 
 which he greatly improved. He is a Master Mason and a hrember of Olive Lodge, 
 at Chelsea. 
 
 Gapt. James Z>ai'j(fso)i. was born at Floridatown, Montgomery Co., N. Y., Jan. 31, 
 1803. His parents were John and Rhoda (JVIudge) Davidson. At the age of 12 years 
 Mr. Davidson commenced an eventful career as a sailor, and continued in that peril- 
 ous business for 18 years. In 1833 he went to Ann Arbor. Mich., where he lived fora 
 number of j'ears. While there, in connection with his brother Robert, he erected 
 nearly all the heavy brick structures in the village. In 1836 the two brothers built 
 the present Washtenaw county jail. In 1846 Capt. Davidson constructed a canal 
 near Grand Rapids. Mich. Some years previously he had purchased a farm in Sha- 
 ron 1p., where he resided until 1868, when he removed to Chelsea. He was married 
 in 1826 to Elizabeth Moore, of Syracuse, N. Y. They have 6 children— Rhoda, 
 wife of Dewitt Downer, of California ; Eliza, now Mrs. Hughes, of Chelsea ; Emily, 
 widow of HE. Lathrop,of Jackson, Mich., who died in California; Paulina, widow 
 of Hiram Mills, who died in February, 1861; Sarah, wife of Delos iVlills; Henry, 
 farmer of Sylvan tp. Capt. Davidson is a member of the M. E. Church, in 
 which he has from time to time held official positions. 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. m7 
 
 William Arnold Davis (deceased) moved to Sylvan tp. with the Vermont set- 
 tlers, in 1832, from Sharon, Addison county. He had married 10 years previous, 
 Abigail Lawrence. They settled on a tract of wild and uncultivated land, where 
 Mr. Davis lived until his death. He was the parent of 7 children, 3 of whom are 
 living— William, a physician of Grand Ledge, Eaton Co., Michigan; Evaline, 
 wife of Dr. Gates, of Chelsea, and George E., a farmer, residing at Sj'lvan Center. 
 Mr. Davis departed this life June 29, 1879. He was a member of the Congrega- 
 tional Church, and assisted in the organization of the first Presbyterian Church, in 
 Sylvau tp. Mrs. Davis is spending the residue of her days on this earth with Mr. 
 F. A. Prudens, a grand-son of her deceased husband. 
 
 John G. DcpeiD (deceased) was born in Sussex county, N. J., Dec. 23. 1823. 
 When he was an infant, his parents removed to Ontario county, 3S". Y . , and eight 
 years later to Sylvan tp , Washtenaw Co., Mich., where they arrived Nov. 3, 1833. 
 They settled on sec. 13, where his father, Henry Depew, died in 1875; his mother 
 still survives, at the advanced age of 84 years. John C. was reared to manhood 
 on this farm, receiving such education as could be obtained in the district schools 
 of that day. April 8, 1846, he married Mary Cassidy, a native of New Jersej'. In 
 1850 he bought a farm on sec. 11, where he resided until his death. From early 
 manhood Mr. Depew was a leader in local politics. He was several times Super- 
 visor of Sylvan tp , and was once a candidate for the Legislature. He was in office 
 during the Rebellion, and politically was a "war Democrat." In 1863 he was en- 
 gaged in the sale of agricultural implements in Chelsea, and on Sept. 10 bad large 
 sales and was supposed to have had a considerable sum of money on his person 
 when he started for his house, one mile west of the village, on foot. He never ar- 
 rived at his destination, and foul play being suspected, a search was made for him. 
 Three days later his body was found near the western limits of Chelsea, concealed 
 in a cluster of tall weeds. A coroner's jury decided that he came to his death by a 
 blow received from a sling shot, or other blunt instrument, in the handsof an assas- 
 sin. He left a wife and 5 children to mourn his sad and premature death. 
 
 William E. Depew, lawyer, Chelsea, and eldest son of John C. Depew, was born 
 at Chelsea, Washtenaw county, Nov. 23, 1848. When two years of age his father 
 bought a farm one mile west of Chelsea, where William was reared to manhood. 
 During the winter season he attended the Chelsea Union schools, and thereby pre- 
 pared himself for college. In 1871 he entered the literary department of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, where he remained until 1873, and then entered the law de- 
 partment, from which he graduated in 1875. Mr. Depew commenced the practice 
 of law at his native village, where he has since resided. On Sept. 26, 1877, he mar- 
 ried Mary V. Gates, who was born at Sylvan Center, Dec. 20, 1855. He was 
 Township Superintendent of Schools from 1876 to 1878, and Supervisor of Sylvan 
 Township, which position he now fills. In 1878 he was elected as one of the Trus- 
 tees of the Chelsea Union school, and Director of the Board, and still retains that 
 office. In 18S0he was the Republican candidate for Probate Judge of Washtenaw 
 county, but was defeated. 
 
 Timothy Drislane, of the firm of Chandler & Drislane, carriage manufacturers, 
 Chelsea, was born at Walpole, N. H., July 25, 1355, the son of Jonathan Dris- 
 lane In 1874 Mr. Drislane commenced work at the blacksmith's trade, which 
 vocation hebas since followed. He was married in 1877 to Ella Chandler, a daughter 
 of his partner, Charles S. Chandler. They have 2 children. Mr. Drislane is a young 
 man of integrity and industry, and bids fair to succeed in the thorny pathway 
 through life. 
 
 Joteph H- Dvrand was the son of David and Betsey (Crowell) Durand. He was 
 born at Seneca Falls, Seneca Co., N. Y., in 1813. His father was a farmer, and 
 Joseph was reared amid the rural scenes of an Eastern farm. He was married Oct. 
 22, 1834, to May Winans, sister of Lewis Winans, a druggist of Chelsea. He ar- 
 rived at Chelsea, Michigan, in 1835, locating land near Grass Lake, where he 
 remained nearly 10 years. At the expiration of that time, he exchanged farmS 
 with Truman Lawrence, of Sylvan tp., where he remained for over 30 years. He 
 then removed to Chelsea, where he has since lived. Mrs. Durand died in 1861, 
 leaving 1 child. Mr. Durand then married Mrs. Mary (Field) Easton, of Seneca 
 Falls, N. Y. Mr. Durand is a member of the Congregational Church ; is Trustee 
 of the society andhas l^d the praise services for over 15 years. He has lost 3 children 
 by death, 2 of whom, David H, a soldier in the 20th Regt. Mich. Vdl. Inf., and 
 Kettie, were buried in the same grave. One daughter, Emma, married Ofllcer 
 Warden, of the Detroit Police force, who is attached to the Ninth Ave. Station 
 
778 HJSTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Jay Emrett, farmer, Sylvan tp., was born in Superior tp., Washtenaw Co., Mich., 
 Oct. 2, 1837. His father settled on the " Galpin farm," near Dixboro, in 1825, but 
 is now a resident of Meadville, Michigan. Jay spent his boyhood on a farm, and 
 when 30 years of age, began life for himself on a portion of his father's farm, which 
 had been set apart for his use. In 1850 he married Susan A. Smith, daughter of 
 Henry and Wealthy (Poster) Smith, who settled in this county in 1833. In 1851 
 Mr. Everett went to California, and in 1853 his wife joined her husband, both re- 
 maining there until 1856. They then returned to Michigan, settling on the old farm, 
 and in 1877, in Chelsea village. Mr. Everett was Supervisor of Sylvan tp. for three 
 years during the war, and was active in raising men and bounties; was Justice of 
 the Peace for eight years; has been a member of the Baptist Church since 1854, and 
 is Clerk of the Church in Chelsea. His children are— Howard, Carrie, wife of F. H. 
 Coe a graduate of the University of Michigan ; Henry P., Helen, Jessie, Irene and 
 Frederick. John Jay is deceased. 
 
 Orlo H. Feiin (deceased) came to Washtenaw county, Michigan, in 1833, locat- 
 ing in Dexter (now Sylvan) tp. He was a native of Vermont, and before leaving 
 for the wilds of Michigan married Lois F. Lawrence, a daughter of Aaron Law- 
 rence, Esq., of Shoreham, Vermont. In his new home Mr. Fenn labored hard and 
 earni-stly to clear his land, and eventually converted it into a beautiful and fertile 
 farm. Mr. Fenn assisted in the organization of the first Baptist Church in Syl- 
 van tp., on July 5, 1833, officiating as deacon of that body for over 30 years. In 
 1846 he erected the present comfortable house, where his widow now resides. Six 
 children were born to Mr. Fenn and wife, 4 of whom are living — Lucia, wife I'f 
 Roman Chase, of Sylvan tp.; Silas R., who married Elizabeth Rush; Orlo J., 
 the husband of Sarah Faunce, resides on the homestead ; and Emmor, who mar- 
 ried Sophia Thompson, of Eaton county, Michigan, is a farmer of Sylvan tp. 
 Huldah Jane and Oscar are deceased. Mr. Fenn departed this life July 1, 1876, 
 after suffering ihree years from an incurable disease. 
 
 Alvn Freer, a resident of Chelsea, was born at Seneca, Yates Co., N. Y., 
 March 38, 1813. His parents were Jonas E. and Sarah (Cooley) Freer. Here- 
 moved to Benton, N. Y., after he was of age, and there married Phoebe Ann 
 Streeter. In 1837 Mr. Freer removed with his wife and father to Michigan, locat- 
 ing in Limatp., where he lived for 43 years. In July, 1874, he sold his farm and 
 moved into Chelsea, where he has since resided. Mr. Freer has 3 children living 
 — Sarah A., wife of James P. Wood, and Mary, wife of Henry Kempf. Albert, 
 Harriett Jane, GeorgeA. and Mary E., an infant, are deceased. Mr. Freer is a 
 member of the Congregational Church, and the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw 
 county 
 
 Filler Joseph B. Frisbie, Chelsea, was born at Broom, New York, Oct. 15, 1816, 
 and is a son of Elishaand Esther (Burchard) Frisbie, the former of whom was a 
 merchant. When .Joseph was six years of age his parents removed to Ulica, N. 
 Y., and when he was 31 years of age to Michigan, locating in Sylvan tp. This 
 was in 18.37, and the same year Mr. Frisbie opened a store in Sylvan Center, about 
 the same time th at John C. Winans also established liis business. He also bought 
 160 acres of land. Joseph learned the mason's trade and taught school during the 
 winter seasous. At the age of 36 he began preaching in the Protestant M. 
 Church, and ultimately embraced the Seventh-Day Adventists' faith, and began 
 his ministerial labors in tliat denomination. He was very successful, and adopt- 
 ing the missionary plan, traveled through Michigan, holding meetings, every- 
 where, and founding societies of believers in the advent doctrines. In 1879 he 
 settled at Chelsea, and resumed his former trade He has not, however, relin- 
 quished his interest in the literal interpretation of the Scripture, and intends to 
 publish a pamphlet on the exposition of several Scriptural subjects. He was mar- 
 ried June 13, 1847, to Delphia Jane Glover, and 7 children have been added, 
 Irom time to time, to the family circle, all of whom have been reared to mature 
 years, and embark ijrosperously on life's voyage. They are — Alice, wife of Samuel 
 Cooper, a resident of Battl e Creek ; Ellen, wife of John Shunk, of Sylvan tp.; 
 Delphia, Orrin, and Eugene are employes of the Battle Creek iJeajew; a^idiJeraM, 
 Willie and Laura are attending school at Chelsea. Mr. Frisbie's mother died at 
 Battle Creek, May 3,3, 1858. His father, Elisha Frisbie, came to Michi- 
 gan in June, 1838, and started a store at Sylvan Center, where he remained several 
 years. He was killed by a runaway team May 17, 1859. 
 
 John R. Gates, retired farmer, Chelsea, was born at Great Bend, Jefferson Cp., 
 N. Y. ; was a son of Russell and Hannah (Taylor) Gates. When he became of 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 779 
 
 age he went to New Jersey, where he bought and sold live stock. In 1854 he 
 drove 1,900 sheep from Michigan to New Jersey, the trip requiring 55 days, with 
 the route through Ohio and Pennsylvania. In 1864, he settled in Michigan on a 
 farm of 200 acres in Limatp. He engaged in business with Albert Congdon, of 
 Chelsea, with whom he continued for some years. Mr. Gates was married in 
 1855 to Almira B. Borden, of Bordentown, N. J. Two children born to them are 
 deceased. Mrs. Gates died Dec. 6, 1859. On Dec. 24, 1861, he married Elizabeth 
 N. Alden, and 3 children were given them. His wife died March 5, 1872. Mr. 
 Gates was again married Sept. 23, 1873, to Sarah T. Frazer, whose father was 
 blacksmith to Joseph Bonaparte, when that distinguished French exile resided 
 near Bordentown, N. J . When he quitted America for the land of his birth, he 
 gave Mr. Frazer a portrait of himself, which still remains in the family as an heir- 
 loom. Mr. Gates has been a member of the Board of Trustees, and the School 
 Board of Chelsea, and is a Director in the Chelsea Bank, and a Trustee in the Bap- 
 tist Church. 
 
 JRev. Edioard A. Oay,pa.stOT of the Baptist Church, Chelsea, was born at Bos- 
 ton, Mass., April 19, 1829. His parents were Timothy and Nancy (Green) Gay, 
 the former being a machinist by trade. When quite young his parents removed 
 to Albany, N. Y., and six years later to Michigan, locating at Somerset, Hills- 
 dale county, where his father went to work at the blacksmith trade; he also 
 entered large tracts of Government land in that part of the State. In 1846 Edward 
 entered the chemical department of Cambridge University, and was a student of 
 the class under the tuition of Dr. Webster when that man killed the eminent Dr. 
 Parkman, a tragedy that caused intense excitement all over the United States. 
 He graduated from that venerable institution as a physician, and in 1852 began 
 the practice of medicine at Hudson, Michigan. He ultimately became engaged 
 in the drug business and office practice, which he continued for 11 years. Seeing 
 the fast increasing tendency to evil in our land, he became persuaded that it was 
 his dut}' to enter the ministry, which he did, uniting with the Baptist ministry, 
 and was first assigned the charge of that denomination at Bronson, Michigan, 
 where he remained four years. He was pastor at Plymouth, Wayne county, for 
 three years, and in November, 1875, entered upon his duties at the beautifvil vil- 
 lage of Chelsea. Duringhis pastorate the congregation has prospered exceedingly, 
 and an improvement has been made to their church edifice, costing over |1,000. 
 Rev. Gay was married in 1853 to Almira Root, who died in 1874, leaving 3 sons- 
 Clement A., Gilbert H and Eddie M. Mr. Gay was again married in November, 
 1875, to Amy L. Winans, daughter of John R. Winans, of Plymouth, Michigan. 
 One child has b en given to them — Carroll Worth. Mr. Gay is a member of the 
 I. 0. 0. F. and Masonic fraternities. 
 
 Henry Oeddes (deceased) was born in New Jersey, June 23, 1818, and accom- 
 panied his parents, John and Prudence (Smalley) Geddes, to Michigan, about the 
 year 1829. In 1841 Mr. Geddes married Mary Jones, of Freedom tp., and soon 
 after took up 183 acres of land in Lodi tp. Six children were born to this happy 
 union, 4 of whom are living— Etta and Mina, who reside with their mother, Mrs. 
 Charles Davis and Mrs. Sweetland, both residents of Sylvan tp. Lemuel and 
 Melvina died when infants. Mr. Geddes was a man of sterling worth, and full of 
 energy and perseverance. He died of inflammation of the bowels on Aug. 24, 
 1874. Mrs. Geddes, still retaining the farm, bought a residence in Chelsea, where 
 she has since lived with her two daughters. She was the daughter of an English- 
 man, and was raised in Canandaigua Co., N. Y. Her father put her in charge of 
 a Mr. Thomas when she was 15 years of age, and she has never seen him since. She 
 was bnrn Sept. 4, 1822. 
 
 Frederick Qirback, saloon-keeper in the village of Chelsea, was born in 
 Wurtemburg, Germany, Feb. 5. 1833. His parents came to America in 1852. 
 They came to Ann Arbor, where his father died, Jan. 9, 1870. He was married 
 in 1857 to Katrina Roherer, cf Ann Arbor. They have 6 children living — Eliza- 
 beth, Ann May, Emily, John M., Tilly Eugenia and Pauline Lydia. On Jan. 7, 
 1871, he established his present business in Chelsea.- He is a charter member ol^ 
 the German Working ten's Society, and has officiated as its President, Treasurer 
 and Trustee. In 1865 he was a Street Commissioner of Ann Arbor, and has 
 been a Constable of Chelsea. He is a Master Mason. 
 
 James L. Gilbert^ merchant, Chelsea, was born at Clinton, Lenawee Co., Mich., 
 May 30, 1886. He is a son of Norman M. and Elizabeth C. (Wyman) Gilbert. 
 Joseph Gilbert, sr., the great-grandfather of our subject, came from England and 
 
780 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 settled in jMassacliuselts. He had a family of 12 children, of whom Joseph, jr., 
 was the second son. The latter had a family of 6 children, of whom Norman, 
 the father of James, was the second son. He located at Dexter in 1839, and sub- 
 sequently at Chelsea. He died at Ann Ai-bor in M arch, 1873. James' mother was a 
 native ot Steuben county, N. Y., and resides at Ann Arbor. From the age of 20 
 Mr. Gilbert has been engaged in the mercantile Ijusiness, either as clerk, oi' for 
 himself He came to Chelsea in 1856, and remained there three years, when he 
 went to Elk Rapid.s, Antrim Co., Mich., and took part in the organization of that 
 county. He fl'as elected the first County C!lerk and Hegister. He returned to 
 Chelsea in 1805 and embarked in business. He is a member of the firm of Gil- 
 bert & Crowell, gi'ocers, and deals largely iu grain and wool. In 1881 he was 
 elected President of the village, having previously sensed as Trustee. He was 
 married Nov. 16, 1859, to Martha D. Oxtoby, a native of Benton, N. Y. They 
 have 1 child living, Marj', and 2 sous deceased. He is a member of the Congre- 
 gational Church, and his wife of the M. E. Church. Politically he is a Republi- 
 can. 
 
 Geo. P. Ola.ziei\ of the driig firm of Glazier ifc Armstrong, and cashier of the 
 Chelsea Bank, was born in Erie county, N. Y., A]U-il 5, 1841. In 1846 his parents 
 immigrated to Michigan, his boyhood Ijeing siient mostly in the schools at Jack- 
 son. At the age of 13, being forward in his studies, he accepted an opportunity 
 to learn the drug bu.siness, " the ardent wish of his school days," in which busi- 
 ness he grew up and continued, with slight interruption, until the present. His 
 experience in drug and prescription stores being in Jackson, Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 New York city, Adrian, Parma (Jackson Co.), and since 1868 in Chelsea. 
 
 Left at the age of 18, by the death of his father, in comparative i)0verty, with 
 a mother in feeble health and 5 sisters to support, he early acquired a habit of 
 close application to business which still clings to him. jlr. Glazier has 1 son, 
 Frank, who has graduated with honors at the University of Michigan as a phai-- 
 maceutical chemist, and at Eastman's C'ommercial College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 
 and is now in Germany to acquire the German language and brush up iu other 
 studies, preparatory to taking an acti^"e interest in his father's business. 
 
 Thompson, H. Godfrey (deceased) was born at Mt. Hope, Orange Co., N. Y., in 
 1798, and was the third child of David and Mary (King) Godfrey. His father 
 died when Thompson was but a child. When he was of sufflcient age he learned 
 the cooper's trade, at which he was employed for several years. At the age of 
 25, he was married to Fanny, daughter ol William Mulock, of Orange Co., N. 
 Y. Soon after he engaged in mercantile pursuits at Minisink, and continued 
 there for eight or nine years. In 1881 he emigrated to Michigan and settled on 
 Honey Creek, Scio tp., where he entered 80 acres of Government land, sub- 
 sequently adding 40 acres more. At this time there were but few families living 
 between Honey Creek and Ann Arbor. In 1834 Mr. Godfrey sold his farm and 
 bought land in Sylvan tp., comprising 80 acres. Six years later he removed to 
 Sylvan Center where he kept a tavern for many years. When he first located there 
 he entertained his guests in a log house, but afterward erected a frame building. 
 While a resident of Sylvan Center he worked at his trade, and also served the peo- 
 ple of Sylvan tp. as Postmaster, Clerk and Justice of the Peace. About 1872, age 
 compelled him to relinquish his business, and he settled at Chelsea, where he 
 lived a retired life until the day of his death; this latter event occurred March 
 39, 1880. His children numbered 5, namely :— William M., a resident of Califor- 
 nia; David L., a farmer near Ann Arbor; Rebecca Jane, widow of Charles F. But- 
 terfield(dec.), and a resident of Chelsea; and Henry B. and Alice Irene (deceased). 
 Mr. Godfrey was a faithful member of the Congregational Church. Mrs. Godfrey 
 resides with her daughter, Mrs. Rebecca Butterfield, in Chelsea. This lady was 
 married in Sylvan in 1850. Her husband was a native of New York, and came 
 to Michigan at an early day. In 1855 Mr. Butterfield went to Northern Indiana 
 as a contractor on a railroad. He located at Goshen, Elkhart Co., and eventually 
 engaged in the livery business, which he contmued until his death in 1837. Four 
 children were born to them, 2 of whom survive— Fannie M. and Jennie 6. 
 Fred. Carlyle and Kate W. are deceased. 
 
 William A. (Smham, farmer and stock raiser, sec. 11, Sylvan 1p., P O Chelsea- 
 was born in Erie county, Penn., in 1820. He is the son of Samuel and Mary 
 (Casic) Graham. His parents were of Irish descent. Mr. G. was sent to the com- 
 mon schools of his native State. He was married in 1843 to Ann Maria Cowan 
 and from this union 8 children were born to them, 7 of whom are living' 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 781 
 
 * 
 
 Mr. Graham is_a faithful member of the M. E. Church, and is also a prominent 
 Democrat, having been elected by the Democratic party to serve as Constable. He 
 emigrated to Michigan in 1838, but has resided in the county only a few years. 
 Mr. G. is the owner of 120 acres of fine farming land, where he resides in his old 
 age. 
 
 William F. Hatch, Vice President of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw Co., was 
 born at Gorham, Ontario Co., N. Y., March 25, 1825, and was a son of Jared and 
 Ruth (Clark) Hatch. At the age of 12 years his parents removed to Calhoun 
 county, Mich., and five years later to Sylvan tp., "Washtenaw county. In 
 1848 he located at Chelsea, where he has since resided. He was engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits for several years, and in 1860 was appointed ex- 
 press agpnt in Chelsea, which position he still occupies. He was Justice of the 
 Peace for 15 years. Town Clerk two years, Supervisor three years, and Assessor 
 four years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and Congregational Church, 
 and holds the position of Superintendent of the Sunday-school connected with the 
 latter institution Mr. Hatch was married in 1857 to Emma J. Skinner, of Mar- 
 shall, Mich. Her parents came to this State in 1832, where the former died some 
 years ago. Mrs. Skinner resides with her children at Chelsea. Mr. Hatch was 
 inspector of election in connection with Mr. Durand, when the town corporation 
 of Chelsea was decided on. Mr . Hatch's grandfather, Abel Hatch, was a particu- 
 lar friend of Ethan Allen, but was not present at the battle of Ticonderoga. 
 He was one of the " minute men " on duty at Boston after the battle of Bunker 
 Hill. He was at one time under Gen. Pulaski, and immediately under Gen. 
 Washington. 
 
 Philander Hathaway, farmer. Sylvan tp., was born in .Jefferson Co., N". Y., June 
 14, 1809. His parents were Putnam and Sarah (Booth) Hathaway, the former of 
 whom was a farmer and died when Philander was 12 years of age. At the age 
 of 18, he left his native home, and after drilting around for several years, as it were, 
 he finally settled in Onondaga Co , N. Y., where he was engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits for 20 years. In 1856 he removed lo Michigan and settled on 80 acres of 
 laud in Sylvan tp., where he has since continued to reside. He had previously 
 spent the winter of 1836 at Marshall, Mich., and also purchased land in Eaton 
 Co. He was married in 1838 to Nancy Shepherd, and they are the parents of 5 
 children, 4 of whom are living — Mary, wife of Dwight Riggs, of Sylvan tp. ; 
 John, a resident of Menominee Co. ; Charles, who married Mary Ann Kellar, and 
 resides in Sylvan tp. • and George, who resides at home with his pa,rents. 
 
 Henry G.Hvag, proprietor hotel, Chelsea, was born at Chatham, Columbia Co., 
 N. Y., March 5, 1828, son of Abner and Mary (Guernsey) Hoag. Henry spen this 
 early life in Green county, N. Y., and at the age of 22 years came to Michigan, 
 locating near Napoleon, Jackson county, where he remained five years. 
 He then removed into Napoleon, and continued in the produce business at that 
 village for several years. He was proprietor of the " Traveler's Home," at Stock- 
 bridge, Ingham county, for three and a half years, and in 1875, located at Chelsea, 
 where he has since resided. In 1850 he married Deborah Hawley, and 3 children 
 have been born to them — .James H , .Jennie and Egbert. James H. is a physician 
 and is a graduate of the University of Michigan. He located at Fife Lake, Michi- 
 gan in 1880, where he has since lived. Jennie is a teacher in the Chelsea Union 
 school. 
 
 Lettice Smith Holmes, wife of Rev. Thomas Holmes, D. D., and eldest daughter 
 of Asa L. and Syrena Smith, was born May 8, 1823, at Rochester, N. Y. On the 
 day Lettice was one year old, her parents left Rochester, and on the 29th of Maj', 
 1824, they reached the new settlement of Ann Arbor. Mrs. Smith was the sec- 
 ond white woman and Lettice the first white child in the settlement. Her educa- 
 tional advantages were only stich as a frontier settlement could afford. Her 
 mother taught her the rudiments of reading and spelling. Conspicuous among 
 her early instructors were Miss Mary Pa^e, Miss Abby Moseley, Moses Merrill, 
 Mr. Griffith, who taught the academy. Miss Eliza Page, and, last of all, Mr. and 
 Mrs. John N. Gott. In November, 1842, she went to Oberlin, Ohio, and com- 
 menced preparation for college, and one year later, having accomplished the 
 work of two college years in 13 months, entered the freshman class. No " shorter 
 course " could satisfy her ambition, and four years later, having completed the 
 full classical course, she graduated and received the degree of A. B. On the 14th 
 of October, of the same year, 1847, she was married to Rev. Thomas Holmes, a 
 classmate, spent the winter teaching in Plymouth, Richland Co., O., and, the fol- 
 
782 HIST0E1 OF WASHTBNAW COUNTY. 
 
 lowing spring, desiring to pursue a course of theological study at Oberlin, with 
 her husband, was granted class privileges, though ladies were not admitted to 
 membership in the theological department. At the end of three years, 1850, this 
 covirse completed, she took the second degree, A. M., and the same fall accompa- 
 nied her husband to Portsmouth, N. H. Nothing of interest occurred here out- 
 side the routine of a pastor's wife. In 1853, her husband having accepted a 
 professorship, in Antioch C'ollege, Yellow Springs, Ohio, she accompanied him 
 thither. The next year, at the opening of the fall term, she obtained an appoint- 
 ment to teach Latin and some other branches in the preparatory department, 
 which position she held one year. On the 84th day of May, 1856, she took pas- 
 sage for Europe', and joined her husband, who had then been a year on the con- 
 tinent. Meeting at Dover, England, they crossed the channel to Ostend, and 
 traveling through Bruges, Ghent, Brussels (spending one day on the field of 
 Waterloo ), Maline, Aix la Chapelle and Cologne, arrived at Berlin on the 30th, 
 where she spent the summer, studying the German language, visiting museums 
 and making excursions to some other places. The month of September was spent 
 in journeying fi'om Berlin to Geneva, Switzerland, visiting Dresden, Erfurt, Frank- 
 foi-t-on-the-Main, passing down the Rhine to Bonn and returning to Mannheim, 
 thence to Heidelberg, Baden Baden, Strasbourg, Basel, SchaflFhausen, Constance, 
 Zurich, the Rigi, Lucerne, crossing tlie Alps by the Brunig Pass to Berne, thence 
 to Geneva. 
 
 From Oct. 4, 1856, until Aug. 35, 1858, Mrs. Holmes resided at Geneva, pur- 
 suing French and oil painting, and making excursions to neighboring places 
 of interest, — C'hamouni, Mt. Blanc, St. Bernard and Lyons, and spending two 
 weeks in Paris. On the date above mentioned she left Geneva and stopping at 
 intervening cities for sight-seeing, reached Dusseldorf on the Rhine, on the 30th 
 purposing to spend some time there under the instructions of HeiT Leutze, or 
 some other distinguished master of painting. Not iinding opportunities as advan- 
 tageous as she expected, she immediately retraced her steps as far as Bonn and 
 placed herself under the tuition of Herr Joseph Leiendecker. Nine months and 
 a half were spent in this old university city, in intense application to painting 
 and German, under circumstances most favorable and advantageous. In June, 
 1859, Mrs. Holmes left Bonn, " did the Rhine " the fourth time, and made her 
 way to Stuttgart, via Maintz, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Heidelberg and Bruchsal. 
 Three months were spent tliere pursuing German and visiting neighboring vil- 
 lages, chief among which was Marbach, the early home of Schiller. From Stutt- 
 gart she proceeded via tflm to Munich. 
 
 In this magnificeut capital of Bavaria, surrounded by wonders of art, and enjoy- 
 ing facilities for the study of art aflbrded by few European cities, about 11 
 months were spent in close application. The principal excursions made from 
 Munich were one to the quaint, old city of • Nuremberg, including Ratisbon and 
 the Walhalla, and one to the Tyrol, going by the way of Oberammergau to wit- 
 ness the Passion Play in 1860. 
 
 Bidding a reluctant farewell to Munich on the 4th of September, 1860, she has- 
 tened to Paris, simply calling at Augsburg, Esliugen, Stuttgart and Strasbourg, 
 each a few hours, on the way, and reaching Paris on the 7th. Two months were 
 spent in Paris, at this time, in vie^A ing the city and its suburbs. In November 
 she went again to Genevii, where she remained until the following July, when 
 she set out to visit Rome and Naples before returning to America. Crossing the 
 Simplon, she proceeded as far as Milan, but deeming it imprudent to go farther, 
 on account of the overpowering heat of the season, she returned via Turin and 
 Mt. Cenis to Geneva. Painting and French occupied her here until October, 
 when she turned her thoughts and footsteps once more toward her native land. 
 Stopping at Paris about two months more, on the 11th of December she sailed 
 from HaATC in the Steamship Arago. The Arago reached New York on the even- 
 ing of December 36. Mrs. Holmes took steamboat the next afternoon for Fall 
 River, Mass., where she joined her husband the following morning, Dec 88 1861 
 After three years and a half of quiet and rest, spent in Pall River, she accepted a 
 chair in Union Christian College, Merom, Ind., and in September, 1865 entered 
 upon her duties. Here she distinguished herself as Professor of Latin French 
 and German for nine successive years. Toward the close of 1875, she returned 
 once more to the home of her childhood, and has since resided in Washtenaw 
 county — since 1877 in Chelsea. 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 783 
 
 Bev. Thomns Hfilmes, D. D., pastor ot the Congregational Cliurch, Chelsea, was 
 the oldest of 13 children of Burroughs and Polly (Denison) Holmes, and was born 
 at Royalton, Niagara county, N. Y., November 34, 1817. He had only moderate 
 opportunities for education in his youth, attending only winter schools after he 
 was 13 years of age. At the age of 16 he mastered Day's Algebra in three months, 
 and the next winter, 1834^'5, attended a select school at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 
 and studied Gibson's Surveying. 
 
 The following winter he taught school in the town of Malta, Saratoga county, 
 N. Y. This w-as the first of 14 successive winters, spent in teaching com- 
 mon, ungraded schools , one winter in New York, six in Michigan (five of w^hich 
 were in Washtenaw countj', and four of these in Ann Arbor), and seven in Ohio. 
 During the summer of 1836, he was one of a corps of civil engineers employed 
 in running a railroad line from Saratoga Springs to Whitehall, and in November 
 of the same year emigrated to Michigan. 
 
 The date of the first farewell to mother and home is not definitely remembered ; 
 but, traveling by rail as far as Utica, N. Y., the western terminus of railroad travel 
 at that time, by canal from that point to Buffalo, and hy the old Steamer Monroe 
 up Lake Erie, he landed in Detroit on Sunday morning, Nov. 20, 1836. The 
 roads at that time were in a condition so nearly impassable that the 24lh, the 
 19th anniversary of his birth, was spent at Ten Eyck's, 10 miles from 
 Detroit, and on the 35th a veiy successful journey brought him through Plymouth 
 Corners and Northville, and about one mile farther to the cabin of his Uncle 
 Rosekrans Holmes, where he was received veith a hearty welcome. 
 
 During the winter he taught a school about a mile south of his uncle's, and, in 
 March, made his way to Ann Arbor, preparatory to the commencement of labor 
 on his father's farm in Pittsfleld, as soon as the opening spring would permit. 
 
 After about fom' years, a small part of vehich was spent on the farm in Pittsfleld, 
 and the major portion teaching in Ann Arbor, in July, 1841, Mr. Holmes went to 
 Oberlin, Ohio, for the purpose of taking a course of classical and theological 
 study. Nine j'ears M'ere spent in this laudable undertaking ; two in the prepara^ 
 tory depai-tment, four in college, and three in the study of theology. The degTee 
 A. B. was received in 1847, that of A. M. in 1850. 
 
 On the 14th of October, shortly after graduating from college, Mr. Holmes was 
 married to Miss Lettice Smith, oldest daughter of Asa L. Smith, of Ann Arbor. 
 Miss Smith had also just received the degree A. B., having been his class-mate in 
 college. 
 
 In 1853 Mr. Holmes was chosen Professor of Greek in Antioch College, Ohio. 
 From April, 1855, until August, 1857, he spent studying and traveling in Europe. 
 A portion of this time he attended lectures in the universities at Bonn and 
 Berlin. 
 
 The principal places and countries visited were London, Paris, Brussels, the 
 Rhine, from Cologne to Mannheim, Berlin, Hamburgh, Dresden, Switzerland, 
 Italy, from Milan and Venice in the North to Naples and Pompeii in the South. 
 As President of Union Christian College, Meiom, Sullivan county, Indiana, he 
 served from 1865 to 1875. 
 
 Mr. Holmes' first attempts at preaching were 'made in the winter Of 1843-'4 
 while he was teaching in Ontario, Richland Co., Ohio. He received license from 
 a Christian Church in Sheffield, Lorain Co., Ohio, on June 1 ; was admitted into 
 the Huron Christian Conference in October, and was ordained November 3 of the 
 same year. From this time until his health failed, in 1875, no opportunity to hold 
 forth the word of life was ever refused by him, though for many years he re- 
 ceived but little for it by way of pecuniary remuneration. During the six years, 
 that remained of his student life at Oberlin, the record stands: 1845, preached 63 
 times; 1846, 54 times; 1847, 37 times; 1848, 48 times; 1849, 117 times; 1850, pre- 
 vious to graduation, Aug. 38, 141 times ; subsequently 34 times ; total, 175 times. 
 January 1, 1851, he accepted a call from the Pleasant Street Christian Church, 
 Portsmouth, N. H. (having seiwed them as supply about two months), to become 
 their pastor. This relation continued until September, 1853, when he, with great 
 reluctance, resigned this charge to accept the Greek professorship in Antioch 
 College, Ohio. On returning from Europe, August, 1857, Mr. Holmes found his 
 old Church at Portsmouth without a pastor, and, declining to resume his posi- 
 tion in Antioch College on account of changes that had taken place in its man- 
 agement, he accepted the unanimous call of the Chui-ch, and entered upon his 
 duties as their pastor, October 4. Here he remained until the last Sabbath of 
 
784 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 / 
 September, 1859, just two years, -n-lien, on account of failing health, caused hy 
 the absence of his wife in Europe, he resigned his pastoral charge and entered 
 the tleld as an evangelist. Within the next 181 days he preached 207 times, and 
 sa.w many souls converted to Christ. In April, 1860, he entered into an arrange- 
 ment with four Churches in the State of New York, where he had labored as an 
 evangelist, viz. : at Warnerville, Barnerville, Quaker Street, Schoharie Co., and 
 Wright, Albany Co., to preach in each place on each alternate Sunday. The ex- 
 treme distance between these churches was 20 miles, ^\Ml two churches at each 
 extreme sufflcientl}^ near together to be reached on the same day. With these 
 Churches Mr. Holmes labored, performing most of his travels on foot, and preach- 
 ing in school-houses and churches outside of these limits on week day evenings, 
 until the last of November, 1861. Anticipating the return of his wife from Eu- 
 rope in a few weeks, which would remove the necessity of a nomadic life to 
 drive away the blues, he then accepted an invitation from the Franklin Street 
 Christian Church, Fall River, Mass., to visit them, with a view to a settlement 
 with them, and commenced his labors amongst them on the first Sabbath of De- 
 cember. The trial resulted in a settlement as pastor; his aa ife reached home on 
 the 28th of the same month, and he .soon found himself pleasantly situated, a 
 happy and contented man once more. In June, 1865, being chosen President of 
 Union Christian College, this charge was resigned, and, in August, Mr. Holmes 
 moved to Indiana. Within the 10 years of his labors at Merom, the seat of the 
 college, he served the Church as pastor and did a great deal of preaching besides 
 through Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan and New York. 
 
 In 1875, with nervous energies thoroughly prostrated l.)y excessive and continu- 
 ous labor, care and anxiety, he resigned this situation, retired from all active and 
 responsible service, found a home willi his youngest brother on a farm in Pitts- 
 tield near iVnn Arbor, and gave himself to quiet, ease, pure air and sunshine, com- 
 mitting the question of life or death entirely to the will of Providence. Under 
 these favorable circumstances, it soon became apparent that his ^ital forces were 
 still capable of recuperation ; and, in April, 1877, he yielded to an earnest and 
 l)ressing request of the Congregational (!hurch in Chelsea to supply their pulpit 
 half of the time for a few months. Remarkably, as it seemed to him, the improve- 
 ment of his health, .scarcely perceptible before, Isecame decided and rapid from 
 the commencement of these occasional labors. In July following, the Church 
 gave him a formal call to settle with them, and, on the first of September, 1877, 
 his services as jiastor commenced. Since that time Mr. Holmes' relations with 
 his people have been very cordial and happy, and the C^liurch lias prospered under 
 his labors. His health, also, has greatly improved, and, to all appearances, he 
 possesses vital force and physical soundness sufficient for another decade of active, 
 etficient, and successful labor. A porti'ait of Dr. Holmes appears in this 
 voalme. 
 
 3filo Himter, proprietor meat market, Chelsea, was born at Sharon, Litchfield 
 Co., Connecticut; is the youngest son of Nathaniel and Rhoda (Peck) Hunter 
 parentsof 9 children— Joel, Harriet, Sybil, Sarah, Rlioda, Eliza, Olive, Waite P. 
 and Milo Six of these children are married, and residents of Michigan. When 
 Milo was seven years old his parents removed to Sharon tp., this county, taking 
 up 80 acres of Government land, where Milo resided until he was 34 years of age; 
 he then removed to Chelsea, and engaged in the meat business in H6 3, which he 
 has followed since, with the exception of five or six yisars spent i.i the grocery 
 trade. In 18.58 he married Sarah L. Smith, of Sharon tp. They hive 4 children 
 —Lena, Clara S., Arthur M. and Hattie A., all residing with their parents. Mr. 
 Hunter is a member of the M. E. Church, of Chelsea, in which body he officiates 
 as Trustee. 
 / Hon. Samuel O. Ives, of Chelsea, was born at Lansing, Tompkins countv, N. 
 Y , Dec. 21, 1812. From early childhood he was tauzht to depend uj-on his own 
 ex ertions, which fact accounts for the success that has followed all ot his under 
 takings through his long and eventful career. When of age he was in possession 
 of only the rudiments of an education, and his entire fortune consisted of a " run- 
 ning horse," valued at $100. In the fall of 1834, he exchanged this horse for 80 
 acres of land, in what is now called Unadilla tp., Livingston Co., Mich. This 
 land was owned by S. W. Holmes, now a resident of Scio tp. On March 17, 1835, 
 with high hopes and youthful ambition, on foot and alone, Mr. Ives started for 
 his future home, which he finally reached after days of danger and privation. The 
 site was selected for a building, and a log house, 16x20 feet square, was soon 
 
/^. 
 
 ^ JY^oI^ 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 787 
 
 " rolled up," arrangements for clearing four acres of ground and planting it in 
 wheat were made, and Mr. Ives returned to the land of his birth. On Aug. 30, 
 1835, he married Maria Louisa, daughter of Hon. Josiah Hedden, of Lansing, N 
 Y., and Oct. 6 following, they badeadieu to the scenes of early childhood, with 
 all their hallowed influences, for the home in the "far West." In their new 
 home they were to see the tall unbroken forests swept away, and in their stead 
 the waving fields of golden grain ; to see the winding trail of the dusky savage 
 transformed into a broad highway of thrifty commerce; to see the ever moving 
 waters of the beautiful streams, which for ages had borne the rude canoe ot the 
 lone Indian, turning the wheels of industry, and aiding in the development of 
 the country and its resources ; here for nearly 40 years they toiled together, in 
 sunlight and in shadow, and under the smiles of a kind Providence, whose over- 
 ruling power was ever recognized, they were abundantly blessed in basket and in 
 store. Eight children were the fruits of their wedded life, 7 of whom grew to 
 maturity; 5 are still living. All are married, in pleasant circumstances, following 
 honorable pursuits, and located within a circuit of a few hours' ride. The com- 
 panion of his youth, the mother of his children, who was the sharer of his joys 
 and sorrows, a helpmeet in truth, departed this life, Oct. 4, 1871, and now sleeps 
 untroubled by the evils and afflictions of this life, in Williamsville cemetery, in 
 Livingston county, Michigan. Hospitable and liberal, Mr. Ives' home was for 
 many years the home of the itinerant minister of the gospel, and Collins, Smith, 
 Piloher, Bigelow and scores of others found here a hearty welcome and a happy 
 fireside. Nearly a dozen churches, within a radius of as many miles from his 
 old home, have received from him, in the course of their erection, substantial aid 
 and encouragement. To him is due, perhaps, more than to any other, the credit 
 for the erection of the M. E. church at Williamsville, in 1853. For nearly 30 
 years Mr. Ives has been aprominent member of that denomination, and the mold- 
 ing influence of his life, in favor of morality, temperance and religion will live 
 and be felt long after he has been laid at rest beside his beloved wife. 
 
 Mr. Ives has been called to fill many positions of public trust, and in 1844-'5, 
 was elected Justice of the Peace. He was elected in 1854 to represent Livingston 
 county in the Michigan Legislature, and re-elected in 1856, also serving an extra 
 session. He was the first Kepublican ever elected to thatofiice from Livingston 
 county. Though not a public speaker, yet by his earnest, forcible manner of 
 argument he became an effective and distinguished Legislator, enjoying the full 
 confidence of his political opponents. In 1874 he was unanimously nominated 
 State Senator for his district, but owing to a complication of circumstances, 
 peremptorily declined the proffered honor. He was a Presidential elector in 1872,t 
 and in 1874 appointed by Oov. Bagley, a Commissioner for the Insane Asylum a 
 Pontiac, and proved a very efficient member of the board during the erection of 
 the building. He still retains the position. In 1875 he was appointed a Trustee of 
 the latter named institution. In all his political aspirations Mr. Ives never once 
 suffered defeat. At the outbreak of the late war he was instrumental in raising 
 troops, and forwarding supplies to the brave boys in the field. In 1876, Mr. Ives 
 turned over his farm to his son, Frank E., and removed to Chelsea. He has been 
 President of the village Trustees, and at present is President of the Chelsea Bank. 
 Although having lived nearly three score and ten years, Mr. Ives still retains the 
 full mental and physical vigor of his middle life, and bids lair to live yet many 
 years to enjoy the mercies a bountiful Providence has so liberally bestowed on 
 him. His present wife, Mrs. Mary A. (Duncan) Ives, is a lady of refinement and 
 culture, and highly respected in the social circles of this county. 
 
 OhrUtopker Kaiser, tSkT^inev, sec. 7, Sylvan tp.; P. O., Francisco; was born in 
 Germany, Dec. 4, 1820. His parents, Urban and Mary (Free) Kaiser, were na- 
 tives of Germany, but emigrated westward in 1830, first settling at Detroit, but 
 in 1840 coming to this county, and settling on sec. 7, where the subject of this 
 sketch has since lived. Mr. K. was sent to school in the "mother country,'' and 
 after settling in this county he attended the public school for some time. He was 
 married in 1845 to Margaret Keeder, daughter of John Keeder, an old pioneer of 
 this county. To this union have been born 8 children — Charles, Christopher, 
 Edward, Herman, George, Christens, Charlotte and Sarah. Mr. Kaiser and wife 
 are members of the M. E. Church. Politically, he is a Republican. He is the 
 owner of 120 acres of richly improved land. 
 John Adam Kalmbach, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 17, Sylvan tp., was born in 
 
 Germany in 1827. He is the son of John Adam and Kalmbach. He 
 
 was married in 1854, and is the father of 7 children, 4 boys and 3 girls. Mr. K. is 
 47 
 
788 HISTOKT OF WASUTBNAW OOUNTT. 
 
 a brick mason by trade, but of late years has turaed his attention to farming. He 
 came to this country a poor man and settled in sec. 17, but by industry and thrift 
 has acquired quite a competency, being the possessor of 310 acres of well- 
 improyed land. Mr. Kalmbaugh and wife are members of the M. E. Church. 
 He is a Republican, 
 
 Hon. Charles H. J{empf,o{ the firm of Kempf Bros., C. H. Kempf & Son, etc.; 
 was born in Berks Co., Pa., in 1829, and is of German descent. He arrived in 
 Washtenaw Co. many years ago, and first embarked in business in Ann Arbor. 
 He soon after removed to Chelsea, where he engaged with his brother in the hard- 
 ware and lumber trade. He was one of fhe early Presidents ot the village of Chel- 
 sea, and a Trustee for two or three terms. In 1876, he was made a Presidential 
 Elector, and cast bis vote for Rutherford B. Hayes. Mr. Kempf is a member of 
 the Masonic order, and a well-known and successful business man of Southern 
 Michigan. He was married in 1854 to Mary E. Freer, a native of Lima tp. 
 
 Reuben Kempf, of the firm of B. Kempf & Bro., bankers and lumber merchants, 
 Chelsea, was born in Berks Co., Pa., and came to Michigan in 1854 and learned 
 the tinner's trade at Ann Arbor, where he opened a shop in 1859. He removed to 
 Chelsea the same year, where he has since been engaged in business- In 1876 
 their present business was established, and they at present are doing a large and 
 increasing trade. Mr. Kempf has been honored by his fellow citizens, by being 
 elected President of the village, and Trustee for several successive terms. He 
 served 13 years on the Chelsea School Board. Mr. Kempf is a self-made man, 
 and an individual of great business sagacity and energy. He is one of the wealth- 
 iest men in Chelsea, and has made his entire fortune within a few years. 
 
 Rudolph Erause, farmer, sec. 18, Sylvan tp., P. O , Francisco; was born in Ger- 
 many, April 20, 1836. His parents were Detrich and Ann Maria Krause, but the 
 latter died when Mr. K. was quite young, and he has had to battle with the world 
 alone, never realizing the warmth and tenderness of a mother's love. He was 
 seized with a desire to come to America, and accordingly made preparations. He 
 came to this country, and in 1S54 to this county, where he has resided since. He 
 was married iulSSci to Milliam Mana. They have 7 children, 5 boys and 2 girls. 
 Mr. K. and wife are faithful members of the M. E. Church, in which body the for- 
 mer has been Class-leader for 22 years. Steward 10 years, while he ofiBciated as S. 8. 
 Superintendent for 17 years. He is a Republican, and has always been noted in 
 the community for his honesty and integrity. He owns a fine farm of 130 acres, 
 with a good substantial dwelling thereon. 
 
 Jeremiah A>!(»», farmer ; P. O., Sylvan village; was born in New York in 1799. 
 He is the son of John and Catherine (Sowerman) Krum, both of German descent. 
 Mr. K. was married in 1823 to Cynthia Becker. Four children are the result of 
 this marriage, 1 deceased and 8 living in New York, married and doing well. This 
 wife died in 1854. Soon after he came to Washtenaw county, and was married 
 to Mrs. Lorana Becker, an old pioneer of this county, coming here in 1834, and 
 the daughter of Ellas Burchard. She was married in 1831 to Nathan ISecker, 
 and to whom were born 5 children. Mr. Krum is a Republican, and has held 
 several minor offices since coming to the State. 
 
 Thomas L. Leach, manufacturer of boots and shoes, Chelsea, was born in Suflfolk- 
 shire, England, in 1819. His father was Stephen Leach, a brick mason and 
 plasterer. When he was 13 years of age he was apprenticed to a Jshoemaker, and 
 worked at that trade until he was of age. He then came to America, first locating 
 at Toronto, Canada, and subsequently at Buffalo, N. Y., where he followed his 
 trade for some years. While a resident of this latter place his wife died suddenly 
 of cholera, and his 4 children followed their mother to the dark valley within 24 
 hours time. The bereaved and heart-broken husband came to Chelsea, Mich., in 
 1853, where he had property, and was employed at his trade. In 1862 he bought 
 20 acres of land north of Chelsea, and by subsequent additions, increased the acre- 
 age to 86. Mr. Leach again married, and 9 children have been born to him— 
 Thomas, Rebecca, Dennis, Walter, Alviu, Mnggie, Springfield W., George B. and 
 Robert. Willie is deceased. His son Dennis resides on the tarm. Mr. Leach is 
 an Episcopalian and a Democrat. 
 
 Michael J. Lehman, Justice of the Peace, Chelsea, son of Michael and Mary E. 
 (Haselschwerdt) Lehman, was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, Sept. 3, 1850. His 
 parents emigrated to America in 1853, and came directly to Michigan', locating in 
 Freedom, and subsequently in Sylvan tp. , Mr. Lehman graduated from the Grass 
 Lake Union School in 1874, and from the law department of the University of 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. iby 
 
 Michigan in 1879. He was engaged in business witii William E: Depew for one 
 year, and in 1880 was elected to his present position. He is a fine man and well 
 deserves the success which has crowned his earnest efforts, 
 
 JohnM. Letts, farmer, residing near Chelsea, was born at Salem, Wayne Co., N. 
 Y., in 1808, and son of John and Mary (Woodruflf) Letts. His father was a farmer, 
 and Mr. Letts remained on the farm until his 15th year. He was then employed 
 as a driver on the Erie canal, and subsequently became a steersman. He was en- 
 gaged in that business for 13 years, and when he quit, had $500 in cash, with 
 which he came to Michigan in 1836, locating land in Sharon tp., near the Sylvan 
 line. The land comprised 101 acres, somewhat improved, with a log house erected 
 on it, and 10 acres of wheat sown. He traded this property for a quarter section 
 in Jackson Co., on which he lived six years. Tor several years he has owned a 
 fine farm of 115 acres near Chelsea, part of it in the corporate limits, and valued 
 at |100 per acre. In 1828 he married Sarah McComb, who made him a faithful 
 wife for over 51 years. She died Jan. 21, 1880. He was again married June 31, 
 1880, to Elizabeth Chase,who died on Nov. 4 of the same year. Mr. Letts has been 
 the father of 7 children — Harriet, wife of John W. Green, of California ; Charles 
 E., a merchant and dock owner of Detroit; Mary, wife of H. M. Dean, a Detroit 
 merchant, and Sarah C, wife of Wesley Canfield, a farmer of Sylvan tp. Irene, 
 who was the wife of Samuel S. Green, died in 1850, and Clarkson and Edwin are 
 also deceased. Mr. Letts is a member of the M. E. Church, of Chelsea, and also 
 connected with the I. O. O.F. 
 
 Hiram Lighthall, who owns a half interest in the Chelsea Foundry and Machine 
 Works, was born at Akron, Erie Co., N. Y., April 11, 1850. His parents were Lo 
 renzo D. and Sarah A. (Kroll) Lighthall, the former being engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits. Hiram worked on the farm until he was 18 years old, when he learned 
 the carpenter and joiner trade, ard was employed at that business for eight years. 
 He came to Michigan in 1854, locating in Ingham Co. ; was engaged in farming 
 near Leroyfor 12 years; at Macon for four years; employed tis carpenter at Saline, 
 this county, for six years. In 1877, in connection with Lathon Miller, he estab- 
 lished his present business. He was married in 1872 to Hannah M. North, of 
 Saline. They have 3 children — Guv L., Lina and Myron. Mr. Lighthall is a 
 member of the A. O. U. W. 
 
 Daniel Long, Sr., farmer and stock raiser, sec. 4, Sylvan tp. ; P. O., Chelsea ; was 
 born in Ireland in 1821, and is the son of Patrick and Margaret (McCartney) 
 Long, natives of Ireland, who emigrated to Washtenaw Co. at an early day, where 
 they are living at the present time, the mother at the advanced age of 90 years. 
 Mr. L. was married in 1841 to Maria Conley, and the result of this union was 8 
 children — 5 boys and 8 girls, two of the latter being married. Of his sons, Daniel, 
 Jr., enlisted in 1861 in the 1st Michigan Vol. Inf., Co, F, and served till the close 
 of the war, when he was honorably discharged. In this memorable war he par- 
 ticipated in 27 hard-fought battles, and was wounded three times, twice 
 by musket balls and once by a sabre stroke. Mr. Long's son Frank is living in 
 Indiana at present, and is considered one of the finest penmen in that section of 
 country. It is probably through his untiring etforts that his father has prospered 
 80 well, as he has assisted him in different ways all his life. The subject of this 
 sketch was also in the late Rebellion, enlisting in the 7th Mich. Vol. Cav., Co. K, and 
 serving three years, when he was discharged. He did not fare as badly as his son, 
 as he participated in only two general engagements, and was wounded once by 
 his horse falling on him. Mr. L. has lived in this county for nearly 40 years, 
 and in most of his enterprises success has crowned his efiorts. In early life he 
 was a gardener, but of late years has been a farmer. 
 
 James McNalley, Sylvan tp. ; P. C, Chelsea ; was born in Ireland, in 1799, and is 
 the son of Michael McNalley, of that country. He received but a limited educa- 
 tion, and when four years of age was sent to live with his grandfather, where he 
 remained till 1828, when he emigrated to America. He landed in New York and 
 had hardly stepped from the ship when he met his uncle, and worked on a farm 
 five years in that " Empire " State. Then starting once more he arrived in Mich- 
 igan in 1836, and sfttled on sec. 10, Sylvan tp. He was married Feb. 1, 1825, to 
 Maiy Bert, and of the 10 children born to them only 4 are living. Mr. M. owns 
 40 acres of good farming land. 
 
 Lathon Miller, proprietor of half interest in Chelsea Foundry and Machine 
 Works, was born at Oxford, Oakland Co., Mich., Jan. 25, 1846. His parents were 
 Milton O. (a foundryman by trade) and Jane (Weaver) Miller. He worked with 
 
790 mSTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 his father until of age, and after traveling as a " jour." over the State for some 
 time, settled at Clinton, Lenawee Co., where he remained six years. In 1877 he 
 engaged in his present business in Chelsea. He was married in 1871 to Elizabeth 
 Richmond, of Clinton, Micb. They have 2 children — Frank and Charles William. 
 Mr. Miller is a Royal Arch Mason. 
 
 Augustus Neuberger, proprietor Chelsea Marble Works, was born in Wurtem- 
 burg, Germany, March 25, 1843. Mr. Neuberger came to America in June, 1861, 
 and was engaged on a farm in Connecticut for a short time. He then went to 
 Albany, N. Y., where he enlisted in the 58th Reg. N. Y. Vol. Inf , serving until 
 .July 5, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He was employed as clerk in 
 New York city for three months, and then came to Ann Arbor, Micb., where he 
 learned the marble-cutter's trade with .John and Anton Bisele. He established 
 his present business in Chelsea in 1869. In 1866 he married Ellen Britain, of 
 Ann Arbor. Mr. Neuberger is a member of the German Workingmen's Association, 
 in which body he lias acted as Pre.sident. He is also a member of the Roman 
 Catholic Church, of Chelsea. He was clerk of Sylvan tp. in 1879. 
 
 WiUirxm Notten, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 19, Sylvan tp. ; P. O., Francisco; 
 .lackson Co., Midi. The subject of this sketch was born in New York city, in 
 1839, and is the son of Casper and Mary (Krause) Notten, both natives of Han- 
 over, Germany, who emigrated to America, thence to Michigan, and settled 
 in this county' in 1837. William received his education in the common schools 
 of this State, but since that time has been a farmer. He was married in 1867 to 
 Caroline Arty. They have 3 children — Frederick William, Elkhart John and 
 Caroline Mary. Mr. "N. and wife are members of the M. E. Church, in which he 
 holds the office of Trustee. He owns 350 acres of valuable land in this county. 
 Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 Oeorge W. Palmer, M. D., Chelsea, was born in Lyndon tp., Washtenaw Co., in 
 1818. His parents were William and Charlotte (Goodbody) Palmer, natives of 
 England, who emigrated to Michigan in 1846 or '47. They now reside at Water- 
 loo, Jackson Co. George took a preparatory course of study at the Grass Lake 
 Union school, in .Jackson Co., and in 1874 entered the medical department of the 
 University of Michigan, graduating in the spring of 1877. In 1878 he settled at 
 Chelsea, where his practice is large and flourishing. Dr. Palmer was married 
 in 1878 to Ida M. Collins, of Lyndon tp., a very estimable lady. While residing 
 in Jackson Co., Dr. Palmer was Superintendent of the Waterloo school for three 
 years. 
 
 Bernard Parker, of the firm of Parker & Babcock, Chelsea, was born at Syl- 
 van Center, Washtenaw Co., Mich., July 14, 1854 ; son of Austin and Olive (Loomis) 
 Parker. He has been engaged in mercantile pursuits since his 19th year, and in 
 1877 purchased Durand's interest in the firm of Durand & Holmes, where he re- 
 mained for 17 months. They dissolved partnership on Jan. 1, 1880 and 14 days 
 later Mr. Parker formed a co-partnership with C. B. Babcock, and they have since 
 continued business with marked success. Mr. Parker was married Oct. 18, 1876, 
 to Jennie D. Ives, daughter of Hon. S. G. Ives, of Chelsea. Mr. Parker and wife 
 are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Prof. Philip M. Parker, principal of the Chelsea Union school, was born at 
 Middlebury, Wyoming Co., N. Y., Sept. 7, 1825 ; son of Lyman and Lucy (Perkins) 
 Parker, the former of whom was a farmer and died when Philip was but a year 
 old. His mother was forced to work out at different homes in the neighborhood 
 to obtain sufficient means to enable her to feed and clothe her fatherless children. 
 Philip worked on a farm during his youth, the first wages he received being IB 
 per month. He was ambitious to learn, and during his school days attended a 
 school taught by Stephen Ewell. After he left school he went to work on a farm, 
 where he remained until 17 years of age. He then emigrated to Michigan, locat- 
 ing in Monroe county, and subsequently in various counties throughout the 
 State, where he would "farm it " in summer, and teach school in winter. In 1852 
 he bought land in Oakland county, and 10 years later was elected Clerk of that 
 county, serving in that capacity for two years. In 1865 he taught in the Union 
 school at Rochester, Oakland county; in 1868, appointed Superintendent of 
 Schools in Oakland county ; reappointed at close of term, and resigned in 1871, 
 to accept principalship of Milford Union school, where he remained four years; 
 was in charge of the Quincy Union school for three years ; was principal of graded 
 school at Metamora, Lapeer county, for three years ; assumed charge of Chelsea 
 Union school in September, 1880, and has established a fine reputation as a prin- 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 791 
 
 cipal and instructor. Hewas married Jan, 21, 1847, to Eliza Butler, daughter of 
 Justin H. Butler, formerly of Massachusetts, and a relative of Gen. Benjamin 
 Butler. They have 5 children— Elsie, wife of H. E. Richards, of Oxford, Mich.; 
 Delia, wife of O. W. Lawrence, of Oxford ; Ella, wife of Harmon W. Moore, of 
 Quincy, Mich.; Adele, wife of Sterling Elliott, an inventor, of Boston, Mass., and 
 Frank C, a student of the University of Michigan. Prof. Parker is a member of 
 the Presbyterian Church of Quincy, Mich. 
 
 Hiram Pierce, farmer, sec. 13, Sylvan tp., was bom at Manchester, Ontario Co., 
 N. Y., Oct. 7, 1821, and is a son of Nathan and Amy (Aldrich) Pierce, natives of 
 the same couBty. He accompanied his parents to this county in 1832, and his 
 father located on the farm where Hiram now resides. He had the benefits of the 
 common schools of early times, and has followed no other pursuit save that of 
 farming. Dec. 4, 1848, he married Catherine, daughter of C. Cassady, of Sylvan 
 tp. To them have been born 11 children, 10 of whom are living, 5 sons and 5 
 daughters. Three of the daughters are married, as follows — Js^etlie, wife of 
 Adial Prudden ; Amy A., wife of Thomas Guthrie ; and Susan, wife of Albert 
 Congdon. 
 
 Hon. Nathan Pierce (deceased) was born at Cheshire, Berkshire Co , Mass., 
 Sept. 27, 1790, being the oldest of a family of 4 sons and 4 daughters. His parents 
 were of Scotch and Irish ancestry, his mother's maiden name being McLouth. 
 When Nathan was five years old his parents removed to Farmington (now Man- 
 chester), Ontario Co., N. Y., and settled on 450 acres of land, densely timbered, that 
 he had previously bought. Nathan received the advantages of a common-school 
 education, and also passed two terms at the Canandaigua Academy. In 1812 he 
 was drafted into the American army, and promptly responded to the mandate of 
 his country. He participated in the battle of Queenstown, and was subsequently 
 taken prisoner, being sent to Fort George, but was soon released. His father 
 died in 1814, at the early age of 44, and Nathan assisted his mother in the man- 
 agement and settlement of the estate. Mr. Pierce, sr., largely enjoyed the confi- 
 dence of the community in which he lived, and held the offices of Supervisor and 
 Justice of the Peace for many years. His son succeeded to the same offices, made 
 vacant by his father's death, and tilled them for a lengthy period. In 1817 Mr. 
 Pierce married Amy Aldrich. After pursuing various undertakings, and meeting 
 with considerable misfortune, in 1831 he resolved to try the fortunes of a Western 
 pioneer. He accordingly came to Michigan, and traveled extensively throughout 
 the State. Returning home he again came in 1832, and located 30 eighty-acre tracts 
 in Calhoun, St. Joseph, and Washtenaw counties, settling with his family in the 
 latter county, in Sylvan tp., on the Territorial road, a locality that afterward be- 
 came known as Pierceville. He resided there 13 years, and converted a wilder- 
 ness into a fine and fruitful farm. In 1844 he removed to Marengo, Calhoun Co , 
 and there passed the remainder of life. The honors of his adopted common- 
 wealth were showered upon him, and he was a member of every Constitutional 
 Convention held in the State. He served for several terms in the Legislature as 
 Representative and Senator. He was a man of gieantic stature, possessing a 
 strong will, and noted for his integrity and purity of life. He was an "old line 
 Whig," and subsequently became a radical Republican. He had 7 children born 
 to him, all being married except one — Mary A., Emily, Hiram, Adaline, Phoebe 
 8., Russell and Amy A. Mr. Pierce died of paralysis March 29, 1863. His wife 
 was a member of the Society of Friends, and one of those sweet and amiable 
 characters who pass through life ministering to the wants of others, with but little 
 thought of themselves. She sought not the display of the world, but lived a life 
 of usefulness and truth. She died at her home in Marengo, Feb. 28, 1861. The 
 third' child, and eldest son, Hiram, was born in Manchester, Ontario Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 7, 1821. He emigrated to Michigan with his parents, and when his father 
 removed to Calhoun county he took charge of a fine farm of 450 acres in Sylvan 
 tp., where he resides at present. Dec. 4, 1848, he married Catherine Cassidy, of 
 Sylvan tp. Mr. Pierce has been Supervisor for several terms, and has always 
 identified himself, to a great extent, with the social and political progress of Syl- 
 van tp. 
 
 James S. Richards, farmer, Chelsea, was born at Perry, Genesee Co., N. Y., 
 in 1828. He is a son of Nathan W. and Polly S. (Bell) Richards, the former of 
 whom was a farmer. .Tames was reared to manhood amid the industrial scenes 
 of farm life. When hewas 12 years of age his parents removed to Michigan, and 
 in 1857 he bought a farm of 137 acres, located in Sylvan tp. He moved into 
 
792 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Chelsea in 1879, where he has since resided. He was married in 1854, and has 2 
 children — Albert C, who manages the estate, and James Lewis, an employe of 
 the M. C.R. R. Co., residing at Jackson. Mr. Ricliards and wife are in com- 
 fortable circumstances. He is a Republican. 
 
 William Miemenschtieider, fuTraeT, sec. 19, Sylvan tp. ; P. O., Francisco; was 
 born in Germany, Feb. 23, 1822. He received a somewhat limited education at 
 home, and like many others of his countrymen, was seized with the desire to 
 come to the " land of the free. " He came in 1846, and worked at his trade of 
 blacksmithing in Pennsylvania for two years. He then came west, and settled in 
 Washtenaw county, in 1848, on the spot where he now resides. In 1849 he was 
 married to Charlotte Schneider, but she did not survive long, and he married the 
 second time Effie Gresbaugh, who has borne him 8 children, 4 boys and 4 girls. 
 Mr. R. has been a local preacher of the M. E. Church for nearly 30 years, and has 
 done much hard labor for the good cause he so faithfully represents. He is the 
 owner of 120 acres of improved land where he now lives, and obtained it through 
 his individual exertions. 
 
 Dermis J.Rockwell, farmer, was born at Stonebridge, Canada East, March 5, 1814. 
 His parents were Timothy and Mary (Frost) Rockwell, the former a native of 
 Vermont, and the latter of Springfield, Massachusetts. Mr. Rockwell died when 
 Dennis was seven years of age, and his mother sold their home, removing to Peru, 
 N. Y.,and two years later to Leroy, of the same State. Dennis taught school at 
 the age of 1" years, and from that time to the present has been more or less en- 
 gaged in instructing the youthful minds of this nation in the arts and sciences. 
 He came to Michigan in 1831, and in 1854 purchased 120 acres of land in Sylvan 
 tp., where he now resides. He was married in 1844 to Mary Jane Hogan, and 3 
 children have been given them — David, a farmer ; Fanny, who married Dr. J. 
 Rutan, formerly of Norwalk, N. J., and a graduate of the University of Michi- 
 gan. He died in Limatp , in 1873, and Mrs. Rutan married a cousin of her hus- 
 band, who now resides in Gratiot county, Michigan ; Mary, wife uf Irving 
 Hammond, of Gratiot, Michigan. 
 
 John Ross, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 10, Sylvan tp. ; P. O., Chelsea ; was born 
 in Scotland in 1814 ; sou of Alexander and Mary (Read) Ross. He received his 
 education in the common schools of his native land, and has been farming the 
 
 better part of his life. In 1847 he was married to Elizabeth , and by this 
 
 marriage had 1 child — AVilliam John, born November 24, 1851. Mr. Ross is an 
 early pioneer and settler of this county, coming here in 1837, and permanently 
 locating in 1838. He worked for about four years on the first railroad built in 
 the county, but since that time has devoted his time and energy to his present 
 business, in which he has been very successful, now owning a finely stocked 
 farm of 80 acres. 
 
 Thomas P. Royce (deceased) was one of the oldest and most respected citizens of 
 Sylvan tp. ; born near Monticello, Sullivan Co., N. Y., April 24, 1802, and son 
 of Solomon and Nancy (Billings) Royce, the latter the daughter of Capt. Alpheus 
 Billings, of Norwich, Conn. At the age of 23 years he came to Michigan, where 
 on April 8, 1840, he married Martha A. Beakes, of Sylvan tp. Mr. Royce died 
 April 23, 1864. He was the father of 4 children— Edgar W., who died in 1877 ; 
 Susan Ella, wife of John Cathcart, of Jackson Co., Mich. ; Estella H., and Im- 
 ogene Oriole, who is a teacher in the Ann Arbor Union school. Mrs. Royce's 
 parents were Mahlon and Abigail H. (Young) Beakes, natives of New York, 
 who came to Michigan in 1830. They first resided in Scio, and subsequently in 
 Lodi tp. They removed to Sylvan "tp., where Mrs. Beakes died in 1840. Mr. 
 Beakes passed away in 1860. The Royce estate consists of 170 acres of chqjce 
 land, lying contiguous to the corporate limits of Chelsea, and valued at $100 per 
 acr^. 
 
 James Savage, retired farmer, sec. 3, Sylvan tp. ; P. 0., Chelsea ; was born in the 
 " Emerald Isle " in the year 1800. He is the son of Edward and Ellen (McLava) 
 Savage. Mr. S. did not receive as good an education as he desired, and when 37 
 years of age concluded to try his fortune in the New World. He landed at Que- 
 bec, Canada, and worked as a laborer there for a short time, when he started and 
 traveled through several of the different Slates of the Union, till finely he drifted 
 into Michigan, and settled on the spot where he now resides. He was married 
 to Nancy Smith, but she died soon after, and he married the second time, and by 
 this latter marriage 5 children were born to the happy couple, 3 boys and 2 girls. 
 Of these children, 4 are married and doing well. One of his sons, Jarnes, is a 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 793 
 
 Catholic Priest, and of this denomination represented by his son, Mr. S. has been 
 a faithful member for many years. Mr. S. has been very successful in business 
 affairs, and is the owner of a neat little farm in Sylvan tp. He has retired from 
 active life, and is resting vpith one of his sons on his own farm. Mr. S. made one 
 trip back to his native land since coming over, bttt was very unfortunate, the ves- 
 sel being shipwrecked, and the passengers and crew narrowly escaping drowning. 
 In his latter years, Mr. S. can sit down and be thankful for the prosperity which 
 has blessed him in the past, and to use his own words, " I had to take it out of 
 my own bones." 
 
 Jitcoh Schumachi'r, blacksmith, Chelsea, was born in Wnrtemburg, Germany, 
 Aug. 21, 1841, and came to America in his 13th year, with his brother George. 
 He first worked on a farm near Philadelphia, Pa. ; was located at Ann Arbor 
 from 1859 to 1861 ; at Fentonville one year ; then at Howell, Livingston Co. ; next 
 at Lansing, and finally settled at Chelsea, where he was in partnership with Fred- 
 erick Vogel for five years. He built his present shop in 1879. He is a member 
 of the German Workingmen's Societj^ and their present Treasurer; is also a 
 member of the Lutheran Church, in which body he is Trustee ; is connected with 
 the I. 0. 0. F. fraternit}'. He was married in 1865 to Mary Ann Schleicher, of 
 Ann Arbor. They have 6 children — Frederick William, Adolph Henry, Edward 
 Louis, Ida, Charles and Hermann. Minnie Caroline is deceased. 
 
 Philip SchweinfurtJi was born in Ohio in 1850, and is the son of Peter and Mary 
 M. (Garlardial) Schweinfnrth, who were natives of Germany, and did not come 
 to America till after they were married. Mr. S. received his education in the 
 common schools of Ohio. He was married in 1874 to Louisa Notten, and 2 
 children have been born to them — Floyd and Carrie. Both husband and wife are 
 members of the M. E. Church. He is a Republican, and has held the office of 
 Highway Commissioner in Sylvan tp. He came to this count}' in 1874, and at 
 present owns 80 acres of good farm land. 
 
 Leaman E. Sparks, proprietor 'Mayflower Steam Mills, Chelsea, was born in 
 Ti-umbull Co., Ohio, Aug. 17, 1844. His father was a miller, and when Leaman 
 was 8 years of age, his parents removed to Leoni, Jackson Co., Mich. Mr. Sparks 
 enlisted in the 20th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf , seiwing nearly three years. After the 
 war, he bought a part interest in a mill at Spring Arbor, where he remained eight 
 years. He sold his interest in 1878, and a year later bought the Chelsea steam 
 flouring mills, then owned by Rogers & Hatch. He thoroughly refitted the mill, 
 put in 13,000 worth of the latest improved machinery, and at present does an ex- 
 tensive business. He was married in 1867 to Etta Burchard, and 3 children have 
 been given them. Jlr. Sparks is a member of the Congregational Church, and 
 the A. 0. U. W. 
 
 Warren Spaulding was born at Orwell, Vt., Dec, 1801, and was the youngest 
 of 10 children, the parents of whom were Sampson and Temperance (Nott) 
 Spaulding, the former being a farmer and blacksmith. Both father and mother 
 died when Warren was six years of age. In the March following his coming of 
 age, he was maiTied to Abi Rockwell. Mr. Spaulding soon after began to farm 
 a p'ortion of his deceased father's estate. He remained there three years, then 
 removed to Sharon, Vt., where he resided seven j-ears. In 1830 he removed to 
 Michigan and settled in Dexter tp., where he entered 40 acres of good land. 
 After seven years of pioneer life, he became financially embarrassed. He soon 
 after removed to Ann Arbor and worked for some time in the meat business. 
 This, however, did not relieve his shattered fortune, and finally he left the county, 
 giving no information of his future intentions or whereabouts. His wife subse- 
 quently heard of him in Iowa, but has never received a line or -nord from him 
 since he departed, and knows not whether he be dead or alive. There are 6 
 children living — Lucy, wife of Mr. Shepherd, of Olivet ; Emma, wife of Orrin 
 Parker, of Scio tp., and Dennis, who resides with his mother on the farm. The 
 deceased are Marietta, Eli and Samantha. Islrs. Spaulding is 83 years of age, 
 yet retains her mental faculties to a remarkable degi'ee. She is a member of the 
 Congregational Church of Chelsea, and is a faithful laborer in the vineyard of 
 the Lord. Her son Dennis was born in Dexter tp., Maj' 14, 1835, a short time 
 after his father's departure, and consequently never saw but one of his parents. 
 After this latter event occurred, Mr. Spaulding's brother, Ira, took charge of his 
 brother's estate, and bought land on sec. 25, Sylvan tp., 40 acres of this being 
 deeded to Mrs. Spaulding, and this has since i-emained the homestead. Dennis 
 still resides there and maintains his mother. He was married Feb. l(i, 1860, to 
 
794 HISTOKY OF -WASHTENAW CODNTY. 
 
 Elizabeth Updike, of Grass Lake. Eight children have been born to them — Sa- 
 mantha, Edward, Emma, Delia, Myrtle, Edith, Addie and Bertha. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Spaulding are members of the Congregational Church of Sylvan tp. 
 
 Charles Steinbach was born at Hembach, Hessen, Germany, July 15, 1844. He 
 came to America with his parents in the spring of 1854. His parents, Henry and 
 Catherine (Volland) Steinbach, settled on a farm near Ann Arbor, where Charles 
 worked until he was 16 years old. He then learned the harness trade, and May 
 14, 1872, located in Chelsea, where he has since resided. He has been uniformly 
 successful in business, and i.s the inventor of the " Boss Harness Pad," which 
 took first premium at the Michigan State Fair, in 1880. Mr. Steinbach was mar- 
 ried March 19, 1872, to Martha Hutzel, of Ann Ai'bor. They have 4 children. 
 Mr. Steinbach possesses great musical faculties and was a member of the Chelsea 
 Cornet Band for several years. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, a Mas- 
 ter Mason, and connected with the A. O. U. W. 
 
 James Straith, retired farmer. Sylvan tp. ; P. O., Chelsea ; was born in Scotland 
 in 1821, and lived there until he was 16 years of age. In 1842 he emi- 
 grated to Canada and thence in 1862 to the United States, settling in 
 Lansing, Mich. He lived there for some years, and in 1868 removed to 
 Sylvan tp., this county, where he has since resided. In 1850 he was married to 
 Emeline Oaks and by her had 4 children born to him — "William J., Margaret E., 
 James Alexander and Andrew T. The mother of these children was called away 
 from earth, and on April 12, 1859, he was united in marriage to Sarah Jane 
 Cairns, and this latter union has Ijeen blessed as bountifully as the former. The 
 names of the 4 children are Samuel, Peter (deceased), Edward Henry (deceased), 
 and Walter Albert. Mr. and Mrs. Straith are members of the Congregational 
 Church. Politically, he is a Republican, and has held the position of Assessor 
 and other township offices. 
 
 Frank S. Sweetland, farmer, sec. 3, Sylvan tp. ; P. O., Chelseti ; was born in 
 "Washtenaw county Aug. 2, 1853. He is the fourth child of O. C. and Delia (Hol- 
 den) Sweetland, both natives of New York. Mr. S. was reared on a farm and 
 received his education at the Ann Aj'bor high school, attending this institution 
 till he was old enough to teach, and taught se^-eral terms, being very successful 
 in this profession. In 1878 he was married to Julia A. Geddes, the daughter of 
 Henry Geddes, an old pioneer and successful farmer of "Washtenaw county. Mrs. 
 S. also received her education in the Anu Arbor high school, and followed the 
 profession of teaching some time before being married. Mr. Sweetland has been 
 Superintendent of the public schools of liOdi tp. for three years, but at present is 
 operating a large and valuable farm of 420 acres in Sylvan tp. 
 
 David B. Taylor, attorney at law, and member of the firm of Taylor Bros., prod- 
 uce merchants, Chelsea ; was born near Halifax, England, and son of Isaac Tay- 
 lor. His parents came to America in 1842, and settled in Livingston county, 
 Mich. David attended school at Ypsilanti, and subsequently graduated from the 
 literary and law departments of the Michigan University. " In 1869 he was ad- 
 mitted to the Bar, and in 1870 became associate editor of the Springfield (Mo.) 
 Times, where he remained six years. In 1876 he returned to Michigan and located 
 at Chelsea. On Dec. 31, 1873, he married Libbie S. Congdon. They have 5 chil- 
 dren—Cora, lone, Frank Congdon, Eva May and Mark Arthur. Mr. Tavlor is a 
 member of the Methodist Church, and is also connected with the Masonic frater- 
 nity. He is President of the Chelsea Reform Clul), and also a member of the A. 
 O. U. "W. 
 
 Isaac Taylor, farmer, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1811. He remained 
 there until he was 33 years of age, being employed on a farm, as a wool 
 comber. He was the son of John K., and Sally (Gee) Taylor, the former of whom 
 was a wool finisher. He was married in England in "1834, to Charlotte Lamb. 
 Five children were born in his native land— George, John C, James, Thomas and 
 David B. The sixth child, "William R., was born in America. Mr. Lamb and 
 family settled at Unadilla, Livingston Co., Mich., in 1843. He bought 120 acres 
 of land, and increased it to 300 acres. In I860 he settled in Sylvan tp., on a farm 
 of 300 acres, whei-e he has since resided. He laid oft' a portion of his farm in 
 town lots, and it is called "Taylor's Addition to Chelsea." Mr. Taylor is an 
 Episcopalian, and a Democrat. He educated his children in the Ann'Arbor and 
 Ypsilanti schools. 
 
 John 0. Taylor, dealer in agricultural implements, C'lielsea, wns born in York- 
 .shire, England, Dec. 23, 1834, and six years later accompanied his parents to Liv- 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 795 
 
 ingstOD county, Mich. At the age of 17 years he entered the State Normal 
 school at Ypsilanti, and completed his studies in 1858. In 1861 he leased the 
 Hoag Hotel at Chelsea, where he remained four years. He has been engaged in 
 his present business for some years, and since 1876, in co-partnership with his 
 brother, D. B. Taylor. He was married in 1865 to Hannali Kirkland. They have 
 3 children — Lorenzo Kirliland, Celestia May and George Anson. Mr. Taylor is a 
 member of the M. E. Cliurch, and was a Director in the Chelsea School Board 
 from 1872 to 1878. 
 
 Orrin Thatcher, manufacturer of drain tiles, Chelsea, was born in Wayne Co., 
 N. Y., Feb. 19, 1831. His parents were Peter and Mary (Ellsworth) Thatcher, the 
 former of whom was a farmer and blacksmith. In 1841 he went to sea in a whal- 
 ing vessel, shipping at Sag Harbor in the Orescent. He visited New Zealand, 
 Rio Janeiro, and retui-ned to the United States after a profitable cruise of two 
 jjears. He then spent one year on the Northern lakes, and then returned to his 
 father's farm. In 1849 he removed to Michigan and bought a farm in Sylvan tp., 
 where he remained until 1854, when he built the mill'at Sylvan Center. In 1860 
 he sold his mill and farm, and removed to Franciscoville, Jackson Co., where he 
 engaged in the mercantile trade with Albert Congdon. In 1864 he came to Chel- 
 sea, and in 1871 established his present business. He has filled different ofiices in 
 Sylvan tp. and Chelsea, and was Collector of Sylvan tp. when the taxes amounted 
 to only $900 annually. Mr. Thatcher is a Free Mason of the seventh degree. 
 
 Daniel Ticheiior, retired merchant, Chelsea, was born in Essex county, N. J., in 
 1802. His parents were Caleb and Martha (Dickenson) Tiohenor. Daniel worked 
 at mill-wi-ighting and shoe-making until he was of age, when he went to Georgia, 
 and was employed in tlie pine regions of that State. Mr. Tichenor built a mill in 
 Maryland; drove a four-liorse team to and from Elizabethtown, carrying goods ; 
 drove a beer cart in New York city, and was niglit watch in that city during the 
 cholera plague of 1833-'3 ; was in Ohio in 1835 ; in New York from 1836 to 1841 ; 
 came to Michigan in 1841, and located land in Waterloo tp., Jackson county ; and 
 also 80 acres, and afterward 130 more in Sylvan tp., Washtenaw county, where he 
 remained for 23 years. In 1864 he sold his farm and invested the proceeds invil^ 
 lage lots in Chelsea, where lie has since resided. He was married Sept. 17, 1825, 
 to Elizabeth Maxwell, and 8 children were born to them, 4 of whom are living — 
 Leander, Mary Ann, Charles and Elizabeth. Mrs. Tichenor died in October, 1877. 
 Mr. Tichenor is over 78 yeai-s of age, but remains strong and vigorous. He is a 
 member of the M. E. Church: Leander Tichenor, son of Daftiel and Elizabetlr 
 (Maxwell) Tichenor, was born at Newark, N. J., July 11, 1826. He remained with 
 his father on the farm until his 24th year, when he became engaged in tlie boot 
 and shoe trade at Chelsea, manufacturing his own stock. He remained in that 
 business for seven or eight j'ears. He is now engaged in boot and shoe-making. 
 In 1850 he was married to Olive Becker, of Sylvan Centea', and 1 child is living — 
 Seaborn B. Several children are deceased. Mr. Ticlienor was a member of the 
 Board of Trustees of Chelsea for several years, and is a Junior Deacon of Olive 
 Lodge of Masons in Clielsea and is a Good Templar. He is also a member of the 
 Methodist Church. 
 
 Charles W. Vogel, proprietor meat market, Chelsea, was born in Lima tp., Feb. 
 27, 1858. His parents are John F. and Annie (Kappler) Vogel, the former of whom 
 is a blacksmith of Freedom tp. Charles learned the blacksmith trade but did not 
 work at it very long. He obtained a common-school education and obtained a 
 knowledge of the meat trade, while working for William Reyer, of Ann Arbor. 
 He subsequently bought a half interest in George Taylor's meat market at Chel- 
 sea, and a few months after purchased the entire estalihsliment. He owns the 
 building where he does business, and also handles ice to some extent. In 1879 
 he married Elizabeth Neuoffer. They have 1 child — Annie Matilda Phcebe. Mr. 
 Vogel is a member of the German Workmen's Society and of the Lutheran 
 Cliurch. 
 
 Frederick Vogel, carriage-maker, C'helsea, was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, 
 Sept. 27, 1838, and .sou of John George and Caroline (Dieterle) Vogel, the latter of 
 whom died when Frederick was 18 or 20 years of age. He came to America in 
 1858, and after serving three years as a clerk, entered the carriage manufactory of 
 Lawson and Wooster, and subsequently worked in Lansing. He established his 
 present business in Chelsea in 1865. He was one of the originators of the German 
 Workingnien's Society, and is its present cashier; is a member of the Lutlieran 
 Church and Trustee in that body. He was married in 1865 to Mary Kirn. Tli \v' 
 have 3 children — Edward Albert, Frederick and Hermann Ernst. 
 
796 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Curran White, an early settler in Michigan, is a descendant of Perogrine White, 
 who came to America in the Mayflower, and whose son was the first white child 
 horn in New England. Mr. White was the yomigest of 6 children, and his mother 
 Jane (Robinson) White, died March 25, 1815, leaving him an infant but 14 months 
 old. In 1832 his father came to Michigan and bought land in Lima and Freedom 
 tps., Washtenaw county. He was 57 years of age when he died. When his 
 father left New York, Curran was 18 years of age, and in 1833 accompanied his 
 two oldest brothers to Michigan, locating near Adrian. For two years Mr. White 
 worked with his brother clearing land. In the fall of 1833 he invested his earn- 
 ings in 80 acres of land in Hillsdale county, and the following year bought a sec- 
 ond 80-acre tract. In 1835 he returned to New York, but came to Michigan again 
 in 1826, remaining with his father for three years. In 1839 he married Jane 8. 
 Keyes, formerly of Oneida county, N. Y, In October of 1836, he settled on his 
 father's farm in Lima tp., comprising 210 acres of timbered land. In 1855 he set- 
 tled in Chelsea, where he has since resided. Mr. White is a member of the Pio- 
 neer Society of Washtenaw county, and is a very interesting converser. 
 
 Thomas Wilkinson, merchant, Chelsea, was born in Sylvan tp., Oct. 14, 1837. 
 His parents were Thomas and Jane (Clarey) Wilkinson, who came to this county 
 about 1835. The former was a native of Ireland, and on coming to this .county 
 entered 160 acres of land and went to farming. When the Michigan Central rail- 
 road was in course of erection, he was engaged in their employ, and in January, 
 1839, was killed by a mass of falling dirt in a deep cut. Thomas was at that time 
 only 15 months old, and in due time his mother married William Judson. She 
 was the mother of 10 children (one son, named Patrick, being killed by a thresh- 
 ing-machine on Aug. 3, 1858,) and departed this life in the autumn of 1873. Thomas 
 remained on the farm till he was 13 years old, when he boitght his time of his 
 step-father, and- then started in life for himself. He was employed by S. D. 
 Whittaker, to work on a farm at $5.50 per month. From that time till 1861 he 
 was engaged in almost all kinds of business, and in the latter year, in connection 
 with several others, he erected the fine block extending from Middle street north. 
 He placed a stock of goods in his portion of the block, and in 1862 took H. S.Holmes 
 into partnership with him, a relation which existed till 1864, when Mr. W. pur- 
 chased his partner's interest and has since continued in that business alone. He has 
 built up a flue trade and is one of the most prominent merchants of Chelsea. He 
 was married in 1864 to Riza M. Morse, an adopted daughter of J. C. Winans. They 
 have 3 children — Archie W., Nettie Jane and ThomasM. Mr. Wilkinson is a mem- 
 ber of the Congregational Church in which body he officiates as Trustee. He has 
 been elected to several local offices and fllled them with satisfaction to all. 
 
 John 0. Winans, retired merchant, Chelsea, was born at Watervliet, Albany Co., 
 N. Y., in 1808. He emigrated to this county, an^l settled in Sylvan tp.. in 1833, 
 taking up 160 acres of Government land on section 35. He was married in 1833 
 to Betsey M. Fenn. In 1839 he entered into mercantile pursuits at Waterloo, and 
 two years later removed to Sylvan Center, where he was engaged in the same 
 business for 10 years, serving as Postmaster a good share of the time. In March, 
 1850, he removed to Chelsea and built and stocked a store on the corner where 
 the Chelsea Bank is now located. He was engaged in business in the latter place 
 for over 19 years, dealing exstensively in produce and lumber. In 1872 Mrs. 
 Winans departed this life, and he subsequently married Mrs. Hannah Johnson. 
 Mr. Winans is a member of the Congregational Church, in which body he offici- 
 ates as Trustee and Deacon. Since 1868 he has retired from active business life, 
 and will spend the remainder of his days in rest and contentment. 
 
 Charles H. Wines is numbered among the most prominent and honored pioneers 
 of this prosperous county. He was born at Shoreham, Addison Co., Vt., Nov. 
 25, 1823. His parents were Mahlon and Anna (Morrison) Wines, the former of 
 whom was a farmer, mechanic and school-teacher. Charles was 10 years of age 
 when his parents removed to this county, in 1834, and joined the Vermont settlers 
 in Dexter (now Sylvan) tp. Charles learned the mason's trade when quite young, 
 and assisted his father throughout the neighborhood for several years. Mr. 
 Wines desired to become a physician, but his father earnestly requested that he 
 should remain on the farm, and support him in his declining years; filial duty 
 conquered his ambition, and he yielded to his parent's wishes, remaining a 
 farmer up to the present time. In the winter of 1842 he labored with his brother at 
 Jackson, Mich., on the M. C. R. R., then in process of construction. In 1848 he 
 traveled for Filkins Bros., dealers in patent medicines, visitini;- 18 of the 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 797 
 
 38 States of the Union. At the outbreak of the civil war, he was em- 
 ployed in recruiting troops, and was chairman of the " war club " of this county, 
 formed for the purpose of enlisting troops, and forwarding hospital supplies. 
 Mr. "Wines has taken great interest in the Washtenaw Agricultural Society, hav- 
 ing sei-ved on the executive committee ; also as President and Secretary of the 
 Western Washtenaw Society. He was a member of the Washtenaw Fanners' 
 Mutual Insurance Co., from Sylvan tp., for 13 years. He was member of the first 
 Presbyterian Church organized in Sylvan tp.,"but on the forming of a Congrega^ 
 tional Church united his membership with the latter body, where he has since 
 worshiped. Mr. Wines is Republican in politics, and a man of sterling charac- 
 ter, strict integrity and unblemished honor. He was married in 1846 to Emily 
 Durand, and 4 children were born to them — Georgia, Ella, Walter Colton and 
 Charles Sumner. Mrs. Wines died Dec. 10, 1874, and he, was again married Aug. 
 20, 1878 to Mrs. Fanny Emmett, of Augusta tp. They have 1 child — Henry 
 Morrison. 
 
 Mahlon Wines (deceased) was one of the first to settle in Sylvan tp. He was 
 bom at Hanover, Morris Co., N. J., Oct. 24, 1793, and was a son of William and 
 Nellie (Baldwin) Wines. His parents were i)00r, but gave their son such advan- 
 tages for education as the period and their circumstances permitted, and Mahlon 
 improved the opportunities that were offered, in a very wise manner. When he 
 was but a lad, he made profession of religion, and united with the Presbyterian 
 Church. At the age of 19 he went to Vermont and taught two terms of school 
 before reaching his majority. In 1812 he enlisted in the IT. S. Army and partici- 
 pated in the memorable battle of Plattsburg. In 1814 he married Miss A. Mor- 
 rison, and 20 years later removed to Michigan, joining their early Vermont 
 friends, in their new home in Sylvan tp., Washtenaw county. Mr. Wines located 
 land on sec. 24, but having learned the masons' trade he followed that vocation, 
 and laid the foundations of many of the best residences in Chelsea and Sylvan tp. 
 He built the foundation for Elisha Congdon's store, the tirst business building 
 erected in Chelsea. Mr. Wines assisted in the organization of Sylvan tp., and was 
 subsequently elected Justice of the Peace, seiwing in that capacity for 13 
 years. He was present at the organization of the first Presbyterian Church, and 
 the first school district- of the new tp., and was otherwise identified with the civil 
 and social progress of that section of Washtenaw county. He died at a ripe old 
 age, and in his death Sylvan tp. lost a good citizen, and Washtenaw county a 
 worthy pioneer. 
 
 Henrti L. Wood, of the firm of Wood Bros., merchants, Chelsea, was born at 
 Stockbridge, Ingham Co., Mich., Oct. 11, 1839. He came to Chelsea in 1855, and 
 leaj-ned the trade of caiTiage-making, with Boyd & Harlow. In the early part 
 of the war he enlisted in the 24th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf, and was leader of the 
 regimental band until the organization was dissolved. He then entered the Iron 
 Brigade bands, and served therein until the close of the war. He was engaged in 
 carriage-making, in connection with his brother for some time, and when they sold 
 out, they established their present business. Mr. Wood was married in Jime, 
 1873, to Ada Dancer, of Lima tp. They have 2 children — May L. and Henry C. 
 Mr. Wood is a memljer of the M. E. Church, and Superintendent of the Sunday- 
 ■ school. He is also leader of the singing. 
 
 Ira Wood, a prominent and well-respected pioneer of Washtenaw county, was 
 born at Gorham, Ontario Co., N. Y., Jan. 21, 1803, and was the son of James and 
 Clarissa (Hurd) Wood. His father was a farmer, and before the Erie canal was 
 constructed, did considerable teaming on the road to Albany. He was drafted 
 into the anny in 1812, and escaped participating in the battle at, Queenstown, by 
 the fact of there not being boats enough on the American side to convey all the 
 troops across the river at Lewiston. At the age of 21 years, Ira made the journey 
 to Michigan on foot, crossing the Niagara river at Lewiston, and passing through 
 Canada, without an acquaintance or companion to relieve the monotony of the 
 route. He arrived at Detroit, and entered into the employ of T. W. Palmer, the 
 father of the Palmer who was a prominent Senatorial candidate during the 
 autumn of 1880. Detroit then contained only 2,000 inhabitants, mostly French, 
 and the fort was garrisoned by about 80 soldiers. A few months after his arrival, 
 Mr. Wood removed to Ann Arbor, and was employed by a Mr. Dix. His uncle 
 arrived in the new territory soon after, and Mr. Wood assisted him in farming 
 the 80 acres of land he had purchased. They worked together for three years, 
 doing their own house-work all the while. Tliis kind of a life grew monotonous. 
 
798 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW CODNTY. 
 
 and they held a matrimonial comicil. The uncle had brought a fine vest pattern 
 wi'th him, and it was decided that whoever married first should become the 
 happy owner of this treasure. To assist them in choosing a bride, they decided 
 on a party, and invitations were sent to all the marriageable ladies for miles 
 around. The time came, also the ladies. Mr. Wood was fortunate enough to 
 select a maiden of his choice, and before long he was joined in marriage with 
 Miss Jane Pullen, that happy event occurring July 5, 1827, thus securing tuo 
 prizes — the bride, and the much coveted vest pattern. The following autumn, 
 he dissolved partnership with his uncle, as one partner was all he needed, and 
 bought a farm of his own in Ann Arbor tp., his parents having removed to Ann 
 Arbor. In 1836 Mr. "Wood sold his farm and purchased 160 acres of timbered 
 land in Ingham Co., Mich., where he removed. This tract of land he cleared 
 and improved, residing there over 28 years. The panic of 1837 placed Mr. Wood 
 under serious business embarrassment for several years, and he finally removed 
 into Stockbridge, a village of that county. There he was elected to, and served 
 in every official position in the tp., with the exception of supervisor. Mr. Wood 
 bought 60 acres of land near the village, from which he derived considerable 
 resource. Mrs. Wood died Feb. 15, 1847, and in 1848 Mr. Wood married Mrs. 
 Caroline Bellinger. He then sold his property and removed to Rives tp., Jack- 
 son Co., where he bought 80 acres of land, which proved a profitable investment. 
 In 1869 he sold this property and bought 10 lots in Chelsea, Washtenaw Co., 
 and removed to that place. He now resides with one of his sons. Mr: Wood has 
 been the father of 7 children, 4 of whom are living — Mary, James P., Henry L. 
 and Francis. Louisa, Marcia and Harvey, an infant, are deceased. Mr. Wood 
 has been a faithful and consistent member of the M. E. Church for 40 years, and 
 a staunch Republican since the existence of that party. 
 
 James P. Wood, of the firm of Wood Bros., merchants, Chelsea, was born at 
 Putnam, Livingston Co., Aug. 17, 1836. His parents were Ira and Jane (Pullen) 
 Wood. In 1852, he learned the trade of a carriage-maker, and in 1857 engaged in 
 business with John L. Harlow, of Chelsea. In 1861 he enlisted to serve as mu- 
 sician in the 24th Mich. Reg. band, and subsequently in the band connected with 
 the famous Iron Brigade. He engaged in business with his brother in 1868, 
 where he has since remained. He was married in 1859 to Sarah A. Freer. They 
 have 1 child living — James Francis. Two children died while Mr. Wood was in 
 the army. Mr. Wood is President of the Trustees of Chelsea village ; has been 
 one of the Trustees of Oak Grove cemetery for 18 years ; is a Trustee of the M. 
 E. Church, and has been connected Mith that body since its organization. 
 
 Heman M. Woods, hardware merchant, Chelsea, was born at Balavia, N. Y., 
 Dec. 11, 1849 ; son of Mason M. and Sarah Jane (Morgan) Woods. His father was 
 a farmer, and Heman passed his early life in agricultural pursuits. At the age 
 of 14 years, his parents removed to Ingham county, Michigan, but Heman located 
 at Jackson. He came to Chelsea, Jan. ], 1869, and was subsequently Cashier of 
 the Chelsea Bank for two years. On Jan. 1, 1874, he entered into copartnership 
 with W. J. Knapp, and their present business was established. He was married 
 July 23, 1873, to Mary H. Sergeant- They have 3 children— Walter H., Jennie 
 and an infant. Mr. Woods is a member of the Chelsea School Board, and one of 
 the village Trustees. He is connected with the Congregational Church, and a 
 Free Mason. 
 
 Br. George B. Wriffhi, dentist, Chelsea, was born at Sodus, Wayne Co., N. Y., 
 Nov. 7, 1842, son of John B. and Catherine (Marquette) Wright. 'Mr. Wright was 
 raised on a farm, and at the age of 17 years began a course of study in the West- 
 ern Reserve Institute, at Hiram, Ohio, under the efficient supervision of Prof 
 James A. Garfield, now President of the United States. In 1861 when the war 
 broke out. Prof Garfield raised a regiment for the Union army, and 160 of his 
 students, electrified by their teacher's example, joined his regiment. Dr. Wright 
 being among the number. At the close of the Rebellion Mr. Wright resumed 
 his studies at the Institute, and two years later began the study of dentistry. In 
 1868 he engaged in dental practice at Leslie, Michigan, and four years after in 
 Chelsea. In 1875 he entered the dental department of the University of Michi- 
 gan, graduating the following year; since that period he has been engaged in the 
 successful practice of his profession at Chelsea. He was married Feb. 27, 1876, 
 to Lauretta Ellsworth, of Chelsea. Tliey have 1 daughter — Nina E. Dr. Wright 
 is connected with the Congregational Church, and the I. C). O. F., having passed 
 
SYLVAN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 799 
 
 all the chairs in the latter institution, and is a member of the Grand Lodge and 
 Grand Encampment of Michigan. 
 
 Charles Younp, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 10, Sylvan tp. ; was horn in Eng- 
 land, in 1833. He is the son of John and Ruth (Powell) Young. He received 
 his schooling in the public educational institutions of this State. He was mar- 
 ried in 1847 to Betsey Loomis, and to this union have been born 7 children, 5 of 
 whom are now living. His first wife died, and the maiden name of his second 
 wife was Harriett Gordon, daughter of James Gordon, whom he married in 1877. 
 Mr. Young's parents came to this county in 1883, and has mother is still living 
 here. He is the owner of 80 acres of fine farming land. Politically he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP, 
 
 The physical characteristics of Lima township compare very 
 favorably with those of any division of Washtenaw. In the north- 
 ern sections are found Goodrich creek, the county drain, the north 
 branch of Mill creek, with the southern extentionof Four- Mile lake 
 and Forty-Acre lake. The marshes of the northern half of the 
 township extend over a thousand acres, while the southern half may 
 be said to want in this respect. Mill creek, with its south branch 
 and other feeders, flows through southern Lima. The creek affords 
 a good water-power. The population is made np of Americans, 
 with a large German element. The people are industrious and claim 
 as wood farms as those found in other sections of the county. 
 
 THE ORGANIC. 
 
 The iirst township meeting was held at the house of John Hart- 
 ford, on the first Monday in April, 1834. The meeting was called 
 to order by Rnssel Parker, one of the justices of the peace, between 
 the hours of 9 and 12 o'clock in the forenoon, and the electors pres- 
 ent then proceeded to choose, viva voce, a Moderator and Clerk. 
 John K. Bingham was chosen Clerk and Oliver L. Cooper, Judge of 
 election. The meeting being duly organized and proclamation 
 duly made for the opening of the polls, the electors of the township 
 proceeded to business, and the following persons were duly elected 
 to fill the several offices; 
 
 Supervisor — Russel Parker. 
 
 Township Clerk — Joliii K. Bingham. 
 
 Assessors — Elijah Cooper, Darius Pierce, Lemuel S. Scott. 
 
 Constable and Collector — Elias Easton. 
 
 Commissioners of Highways — Rodney Ackley, Samuel Cooper, John Davis. 
 
 Commissioners of Common Schools — Frederick S. Sheldon, Solomon Suther- 
 land, Oliver L. Cooper. 
 
 Directors of the Poor — Samuel Clements, John Davis. 
 
 Inspectors of Common Schools — Samuel Bradley, Oliver L. Cooper, Darius 
 Pierce, Elkanah Downer, Deacon G. Willits. 
 
 Pound Master — John Harford. 
 
 Fence Viewers — Cmtiss Hurd, Joseph P. Riggs, John K. Bingham. 
 
 The electors at this meeting also passed the following resolutions; 
 Resolved, That the present Township Clerk purchase a suitable 
 book for Township Record, at the expense of the Township of Lima; 
 that this township pay as much bounty for wolf scalps as the 
 county. 
 
 Of the foregoing officers, Darius Pierce and Elkanah Downer still 
 reside in the township. Oliver L. Cooper ( who had the honor of 
 
 (800) 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 801 
 
 naming tlie township ) lives in Jackson county. Rodney Acklej 
 emigrated to Oregon in the year 1873. Elias Easton lives in an 
 adjoining county; the remainder are dead. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 The purchasers of the township lands, the greater number of 
 whom settled here, are named as follows: 
 
 Section 1. 
 
 Morse, James H., e h sw qr. 
 Branch, William T., w h se qr. 
 Loomis, Jerome, jr.,w li sw qr. 
 Goodrich, Chauncey S., ne qr and e h 
 
 seqr. 
 Hastings, Eurotus P., w h nw qr. 
 Arnold, Sarah, e h nw qr. 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 Loomis, Jerome, jr., e h se qr. 
 Dexter, Samuel W., ne qr. 
 Osterhout, Cornelius, e h nw qr. 
 Eichards, William, e h sw qr. 
 Wightman, William, w h nw qr. 
 Waite, Phehe, w h sw qr. 
 Halsey, Peter, w h se qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 Shaw, Isaac W., w h sw qr. 
 Williams, Asa, e h se qr. 
 Dexter, Samuel W., w h se qr. 
 Gardner, Francis, e h sw qr and se qr 
 
 of nw frac qr. 
 Wightman, William, se qr of ne frac qr. 
 Cooper, William, sw qr of nw frac qr. 
 Gardner, Ira, nw qr of nw frac qr. 
 Boyd, Lewis, sw qr of ne frac qr. 
 Goodrich, Harrison P., ne qr of ne frac 
 
 qr. 
 Caldwell, Marvin, nw qr of ne frac qr. 
 Roby, Joseph, ne qr of nw frac qr. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 Lemmon, William C. and Ann C, e h 
 
 ne qr and e h se qr. 
 Warner, William, w h se qr and sw qr 
 
 of sw qr. 
 Geddes, Robert, w h ne qr. 
 Warner, Frederick, se qr of sw qr and 
 
 nw qr of sw qr. 
 Rabbit, Michael, sw qr of nw frac qr 
 
 and nw frac pt of nw frac qr. 
 Andrews, Nathan, ne qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 Fabrique, John, w h sw qr. 
 
 Lemmon, William, e h se qr and e h 
 
 ne frac qr. 
 Pierce, Darius, w h se qr and e h sw qr 
 
 and w h nw qr. 
 
 Willsey, Jacob, se qrof nw frac qr. 
 Kellogg, Enoch S., ne qr of nw frac qr 
 
 and nw qr of ne frac qr. 
 Warner, Frederick, sw frac qr of ne 
 
 frac qr. 
 
 Section 6. 
 
 Gardiner, John, sw qr. 
 
 Downer, Joshua, se qr and se qr of ne 
 
 qr. 
 Congdon, Blisha, ne qr of nw frac qr. 
 Willsey, Jacob, n h ne frac qr. 
 Williams, Asa, sw qr of n frac qr. 
 Clements, Lambert, se qr of nw frac qr. 
 Hurd, Sarah, nw qr of nw frac qr. 
 
 Section 7. 
 
 Huxford, George, ne qr. 
 Huxford, Samuel, ne qr of nw qr. 
 Fletcher, Freeborn O., nw qr of nw qr. 
 Armstrong, Peleg, e hf sw frac qr and 
 
 se qr of nw frac qr. 
 Seymour, George, sw qr of se qr. 
 Wilcox, Erastus M., w h sw frac qr. 
 Turner, Winslow B., e h se qr. 
 Billingham, William, nw qr of se qr. 
 Roby, Joseph, sw pt of nw frac qr. 
 
 Section 8. 
 
 Fabrique, John, w h nw qr. 
 Bothwell, John A., e h ne qr. 
 Pierce, Darius, w h ne qr and e h nw qr. 
 Mills, James, e h se qr. 
 Downer, Joshua, ne qr of sw qr. 
 Ketchum, Stephen, n h se qr. 
 Backus, Charles, nw qr of sw qr. 
 Comstock, Horace H., s h sw qr. 
 
 Section 9. 
 
 De Pew, Aldrich, w h se qr. 
 Warner, Henry, w h nw qr. 
 Lemmon, William, ne qr. 
 Rowley, Myron H., e h se qr. 
 Warner, William, e h nw qr. 
 Walker, Ailemus, e h sw qr and nw qr 
 
 of sw qr. 
 Mills, James, sw qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 10. 
 Shaw, Isaac W., w hf nw qr. 
 Dexter, Samuel W., w h ne qr. 
 Cooper, Lester, e h ne qr. 
 
802 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Rowley, Myron H., w h sw qr. 
 Gardiner, Thomas, e h nw qr. 
 Sears, Roxanna, w h se qr. 
 Cooper, Thomas, e h se qr. 
 Sill, Thomas S., ne qr of sw qr. 
 Kellogg, Nathan, se qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 11. 
 
 Darrow, Jared, e h ne qr. 
 Cooper, Lester, w h nw qr. 
 Halsey, Peter, w h ne qr. 
 Warren Spaulding and Rufus Cross- 
 man, w h se qr. 
 Cooper, Samuel, e h se qr. 
 Cooper, Thomas, w h sw qr. 
 "White, Thomas B., e h sw qr. 
 Goodrich, Ashhel, jr., ne qr of nw qr. 
 Woods, James H., se qr nw qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Goodrich, Chauncey S., ne qr and e h 
 
 nw qr. 
 Blood, Rufus, e h se qr. 
 Cooper, Samuel, w h sw qr. 
 Doan, John I)., e h sw qr. 
 Cooper, Elijah, sw qr of se qr. 
 Warner, Horace, nw qr of se qr. 
 Ronton, Enoch, sw qr of nw qr. 
 Bates, Vrelon, nw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Dexter, Samuel W., se qr. 
 Warner, Horace, n h. 
 Warner, Dennis, e h sw qr. 
 Lovejoy, Alatheah, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 14. 
 
 Harford; John, w h w qr. 
 Andrews, Amasa B.,w h se qr. 
 Winchell, Amaziah, e h ne qr and nw 
 
 of ne qr. 
 Easton, Paul D., sw qr of ne qr and ne 
 
 qr of nw qr. 
 Easton, Seth, e h se qr. 
 Easton, Paul, se qrof nw qr. 
 
 Section 15. 
 Harford, John, ne qr and w h sw qr. 
 Loring, David R., w h se qr. 
 Davis, John, e h se qr. 
 Stocking, Hiram, e h sw qr. 
 Bale, Nicholas, e h nw qr and sw qr of 
 
 nw qr. 
 Bartley, Thomas, nw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 17. 
 Bushnell, Asa, se qr. 
 Hurd, Curtis, sw qr. 
 Bennett, Arannah, e h ne qr. 
 Comstock, Horace H., nw qr and w h 
 ne qr. 
 
 Section 18. 
 Comstock, Horace E., e h nw qr and e 
 h sw qr. 
 
 Garlick, Nathan, w h nw qr and w h 
 
 sw qr. 
 Cooper, Oliver L., ne qr. 
 Randall, Zadok, se qr. 
 
 Section 19. 
 Cooper, Elbridge, nw qr. 
 Freeman, Silas C, w h ne qr. 
 Beal, Emery, se qr. 
 Hurd, Curtis, e h ne qr. 
 Hurd, Higbee, sw qr. 
 
 Section 20. 
 Davis, Sarah, sw qr. 
 Ackley, Rodney, w h nw qr. 
 Bennett, Arannah, e h nw qr. 
 Chipman, Lemuel F., ne qr. 
 Beal, Emery, sw qr of se qr. 
 Harford, John, nw qi- of se qr and se qr 
 
 of se qr. 
 Boyd, Lewis, ne qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 21. 
 Williams, Asa, ne qr. 
 Comstock, John S., e h nw qr. 
 Easton, Paul D., e h se qr. 
 Peter Van Alstyne and John J. Van 
 
 Volkinshurgh, sw qr and w h nw qr 
 
 and w h se qr. 
 
 Section 22. 
 Harford, John, w h nw qr. 
 Riggs, Joseph P., w h ne qr. 
 Rice, Jane, e h nw qr. 
 Davis, John, se qr and e h ne qr and e 
 
 h sw qr. 
 Easton, Elias, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 23. 
 McLaren, Daniel, swqr and se qr of nw 
 
 qr. 
 Vose, Joachim F. L., se qr. 
 Caldwell, Marvin, e h ne qr. 
 Davis, John, w h sw qr. 
 Andrews, Amasa B., w h ne qr. 
 McLaren, Duncan, e h sw qr. 
 Gregory, Harmon, ne qr of nw qr. 
 risk, John, nw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 24. 
 Clements, Samuel, ne qr and se qr and 
 
 e h nw qr and e h sw qr. 
 Cowing, John P.. w h nw qr. 
 Dougherty, Francis, wh sw qr. 
 
 Section 25. 
 Clements, Samuel, e h nw qr and w h 
 
 ne qr. 
 Harrington, Ira, e h ne qr. 
 Mitchell, Thomas, w h nw qr. 
 Simmons, James, se qr. 
 Smith, Richard, sw qr. 
 
 Section 26. 
 
 Mitchell, James, e h ne qr. 
 
 Street, Samuel H., nw qr and w h ne qr. 
 
^nT"^'- 
 
 nui. 
 
 'm/:^ 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 805 
 
 Clements, Samuel, e li se qr. 
 
 James Dancer and James Simmons, w 
 
 h se qr. 
 Mitchell, John, nw qrof sw qr. 
 Dancer, William, e h sw qr and sw qr 
 
 of»sw qr. 
 
 Section 27. 
 
 Pardon Keys and Joseph Sanderson, sw 
 
 qr. 
 Bliss, Russell, se qr and e h ne qr. 
 Johnson, Henry, e h nw qr. 
 Gage, Horace, w h nw qr. 
 Davis, Stephen B., w h ne qr. 
 
 Section 28. 
 
 Hammond, James, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Winslow, Calvin, e h sw qr and e h nw 
 
 qr. 
 Bingham, John K., w h se qr. 
 Mitchell, John, ne qr. 
 Ti-owbridge, Charles C, w h nw qr. 
 Chipman, Calvin, nw qr of sw qr. 
 Peter Van Alstyne and John J. Van 
 
 Volkinburgh, e h se qr. 
 
 Section 29. 
 
 Bingham, John K., nw qr and e h sw 
 
 qr and w h se qr. 
 Nordman, Gotlob, e h se qr. 
 Willitts, Deacon G., w h ne qr. 
 Scott, Lemuel S., w h sw qr. 
 Chipman, Calvin, e h ne qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 Twitchell, Jonas, e h sw qr. 
 Bartley, Casper, se qr. 
 Burden, Azel M., e h ne qr. 
 Bugbee, Caleb, e h nw qr. 
 Bugbee, Eli and John, w h nw qr. 
 Bacon, John, w h sw qr. 
 Burden, Truman R., wh ne qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Walker, Lewis, sw qr. 
 
 Slielden, Frederick S., ne qr. 
 
 Walker, Henry L., se qr. 
 
 Chase, Stephen, jr., e h nw qr and sw 
 
 qr of nw qr. 
 Bacon, John, nw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 32. 
 
 Haffey, Thomas, e h sw qr. 
 Hammond, James, e h ne qr. 
 Scott, Lemuel S., nw qr. 
 Page, George C, w h se qr. 
 Elsey, James, e h se qr. 
 Bond, James, w h sw qr. 
 Bowen, Alvah, w h ne qi-. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Jencks, Harvey, nw qr. 
 Jertice, William, w h ne qr. 
 White, Olive, e h se qr. 
 Grandy, Thomas, sw qr of sw qr. 
 Bowen, Alvah, nw qr of se qr. 
 Hafey, James, se qr of ne qr. 
 Whipple, Almon M., e h sw qr. 
 Scott, Lemuel S., nw qr of sw qr. 
 Turner, Stiles, ne qr of ne qr. - — 
 Johnson, Susan, sw qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 34. 
 
 Pardon Keys and Joseph Sanderson, nw 
 
 qr. 
 White, Jacob and Myron, sw qr. 
 Baxter, William, ne qr of ne qr. 
 Davis, Stephen B„ se qr of neqr. 
 Bortree, Thomas, nw qr of ne qr. 
 Whipple, Almon M., sw qr of se qr and 
 
 sw qr of ne qr. 
 Dancer, William, nw qr of se qr. 
 Cross, William, ne qr of se qr. 
 Winslow, Calvin, se qr of se qi-. 
 
 Section 35. 
 Knight, Rufus, w h se qr. 
 Smith, Richard, ne qr and s h nw qr. 
 Slatford, Job, e h se c^r and e h sw qr. 
 Sutherland, Seth, w h sw qr. 
 Stockford, John, n h nw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 Dancer, James, ne qr. 
 Clements, Samuel, nw qr. 
 Waggoner, Henry, w h sw qr. 
 Stabler, Frederick, se qr of sw qr. 
 Luick, David, w h seqr.J 
 Charloner, Thomas, ne qr of se'qr. 
 Luick, Henry, se qr of se qr. 
 Kjiight, Lyman, ne qr of sw qr. 
 
 HISTORICAL EEMINISCENCES. 
 
 The following is an extract from a paper on Lima township 
 prepared specially for this work at the request of the general com- 
 mittee, by Morrell Goodrich, Vice-President of the Pioneer Society: 
 
 William 0. Lemmon purchased his land from the general Govern- 
 ment May 19, 1825, but did not settle thereon until 1830. 
 
 Samuel Clements arrived about the same period, purchased 640 
 acres of land, on which he, with his family, settled Aug. 11, 1825. 
 
 48 
 
806 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Jerome Loomis settled in June, 1825; married Margaret Con- 
 way in 1832; Russell Parker in 1826, married Hannah Cowan in 
 
 1830, and died Nov. 4, 1880, aged 84 years. William. Wightman 
 settled in 1826; William Boucher in 1827, married Jennetto Simons 
 in 1831; Hezekiah Riggs settled in 1829; Marvin Cad well, Francis 
 Dougherty, Elias Eastern, John Done, James and Thomas Mitchell 
 eame in 1830, and made their locations. John Davis, Calvin 
 Winslow, Jacob White, Thomas HafFey, Lemuel Scott, William 
 ISTordman, Gaudeloupe Nordman, Hiram Gregory, Curtis Hurd, 
 Anauna Bennett, Darius Pierce, Hiram Andrews, R. Snell, Samuel 
 Cooper and John Hartford came in 1831. 
 
 The first frame house huilt in the township was that by Jason 
 Caldwell in 1830. He sold the farm to David Dickson, which now 
 belongs to B. C. Whittaker, who came to Michigan in 1835. The 
 house was painted red, then yellow, from which fact it was called 
 the " Yellow Tavern." James and Thomas Mitchell commenced 
 building Samuel Clements' large frame house in the year 1830. It 
 is now occupied by the widow of Charles Clements. This is the 
 oldest liouse now occupied in the township. 
 
 Garleck built the house that is now owned by Hiram Pierce in, 
 
 1831. It is located a few rods vrest of the town line in Sylvan. 
 Hezekiah Riggs, noticed in reference to the first blacksmith, traded 
 a span of horses with Samuel Clements in the year 1829, for the 
 west half of the north quarter of section 25. Rufus Crossman was 
 the first merchant opening a store at the Center, as early as .832. 
 Reeves had a store at the Center in 1840, which, after some years, 
 he sold out, and moved into the township of Pinckney. There he 
 established a flouring mill, and subsequently a distillery, which 
 won for the property the title of the " Devil's Half Acre." 
 
 The first tavern that was opened at Lima Center was a large log 
 liouse kept by John Harford, in 1830. The first frame building 
 that was occupied as a tavern stands there still. The barn that is 
 attached to this house is an old dilapidated building, and is the 
 second building at the east end of the village. Curtis Hurd opened 
 a log-tavern one and one-half miles west of the Center in 183 J, and 
 afterward built a large frame house and barn. This was the prin- 
 cipal tavern of the district for many years. 
 
 There was a saw-mill built l^y Shaw and Arnold at the Center as 
 early as 1834. It has long since passed away like the once flourish- 
 ing village of Lima Center. 
 
 New Jerusalem was platted by John K. Bingham. He built a 
 saw-mill there in 1832, on the south branch of Mill creek. Palmer 
 Westfall erected a grist-mill about 1860, which is now operated by 
 John G. Mockle. This mill does all the custom work for the 
 farmers of southern Lima, Freedom and the north part of Sharon 
 and Bridgewater. The little village comprises 15 buildings, a 
 blacksmith shop, a cooper shop and one stoie. 
 
 This is a small unincorporated village, and was laid out in 1838 
 by W. A. Shaw, J. E. Freer and Abram Arnold. Some tinie pre- 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP. 807 
 
 vious a settlement had grown up here, and between the years 1833 
 and 1841 it was quite a thriving place, liaving at one time two 
 hotels, three stores, and other business in proportion. The first 
 store was opened by Kufus and William A. Grossman. The next 
 was by John Bacon. On the completion of the railroad to Jack- 
 son, through the village of Dexter, the village of Lima began to 
 decline. It now has about 15 buildings and less than 100 inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 T^OSTOFFICE 
 
 The first postoJfBce, established in 1832, was called Mill Creek, 
 the name by which the village of Lima was known before it was 
 platted. Asa Williams was the first postmaster. Its present post- 
 master is William Covert. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 The first religious services in the town were held by Elder Car- 
 penter, a Baptist minister, and Elder Baughman, Methodist Epis- 
 copal; but the first organized society' was that of the Presbyterians, 
 who at a very early date erected a church on land donated by John 
 Harford and Asa Williams. Among tlie members of this Church 
 were the Mitchells, Easterns, Davises, Wliitakers, Wards, Coopers, 
 Freers, Boyds, and others. The Church and society, after years of 
 labor in the cause, were compelled to mortgage the house to raise 
 means to defray expenses. The mortgage was not redeemed and 
 the house finally passed into the possession of the town, and is now 
 used for town purposes. 
 
 At Lima Center the Methodist Episcopal organization have a 
 church, which was erected about the year 1848. The following 
 have been regular appointees to this charge: Kevs. Benjamin H. 
 Hedges, 1853; R. McConnell, 1861; Jos'eph W. Hall, Lima and 
 North Lake, 1864; P. O.Johnson, 1865; Shier and Van Auken, 
 1866; I-^ewell JMewton, 1867-8; E.Vanorman, 1869; E.E. Peaman, 
 1870; W. M. Trie-gs, 1871; L. J. Whitcomb, 1873-'5; J. Diverty, 
 1876; J. C. Wortley, 1877; L. P. Davis, 1878; John W. Shank, 
 1879; J. M. Shank, 1880. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 There are in this township six whole and three fractional School 
 Districts. 
 
 District No. 1 comprises sections 12, 13, and parts of 2, 11, 14, 
 23. It has a frame school-house valued at |600. J. V. N. Greg- 
 ory, Director. 
 
 District No. 2 connpriees sections 8, 10, and parts of 2, 4, 9, 11. 
 The school-house is of irame on section 3, and valued at $500. 
 Daniel Heminger, Director. 
 
808 HISTORY or WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 District No. 3 comprises section 5, and parts of 4, 8, 9, 16, 17. 
 It has a frame school-house, valued at $800. H. Baldwin is the 
 present Director. 
 
 District ISTo. 4 is comprised of sections 15, 21, and parts of 14, 
 16, 17, 20, 22. It has a good brick school-house on section 18, 
 valued at $1,500. W. H. Dancer, Director. 
 
 District No. 7 comprises sections 27, 34, and parts of 22, 23, 26, 
 
 28, 33, 35. It has a frame school-house valued at $500 on section 15. 
 James McLaren, Director 
 
 Fractional District No. 4 comprises section 18, and parts of 7, 
 8, 17, 19, 20. It has a frame school-house on section 18, valued at 
 $600. W. O. Wines, Director. 
 
 Fractional District No. 8 comprises section 24, and part of 25. 
 It has a frame school-house on section 24, valued at $1,000. A, Y. 
 Case, Director. 
 
 Fractional District No. 10 comprises parts of sections 19, 20, 
 
 29, 30. Its school-honse is of stone, on section 19, and is valued at 
 $200. Peter Fletcher, Director. 
 
 District No. 8 comprises sections 31, 32, and parts of 28, 29, 30, 
 33. It has a frame school-house, valued at $200. Frederick Wede- 
 meyer, Directo 
 
 FIRST THINGS. 
 
 The first school-house was built at Lima Center, in 1835. 
 
 The first blacksmith at Lima Center, was Calvin Chipman, who 
 built a shop in 1832. 
 
 The first merchant was Rufus Crossman. 
 
 The first postmaster was Asa Williams. 
 
 The first physician was Dr. Hiram Downer, in 1832. 
 
 The first tavern at Lima Center was kept by John Harford, in 
 1830. 
 
 The first blacksmith in the township was HezekiahKi ggs in 1829. 
 ^ The first preacher was Elder Carpenter. 
 
 The first shoemaker was James Hammond. 
 
 The first log house was built by Samuel Clements. 
 
 The first barn was raised by Samuel Clements, in 1827. 
 
 Loomis, Caldwell and Wightman built frame houses previous to 
 1831. 
 
 Kussell Parker was the first Justice of the Peace. 
 
 The first birth was that of Susan Clements, in 1826. The lady 
 married Richard Goodwin. Elizabeth Wightman was born the 
 same year. 
 
 The first marriage was that contracted by Thomas Nobles and 
 Caroline Lee. The ceremony was performed by Justice Rufus 
 Crossman about 1828. 
 
 The first death which occurred in the township was that of the 
 son of Samuel Clements, — Charles H. Clements, in 1827. 
 
 The first school established in Lima was taught by Abram Yeo- 
 man, in the addition to Clements' house in 1831. 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP. 809 
 
 The first suicide is said to have been perpetrated in ]Srovember,1846, 
 by Elizabeth Linn, who drowned herself in Four-Mile lake. It is 
 however, stated that a similar case occurred previously. 
 
 A RAISING WITHOITT WHISKY. 
 
 William C. Lemmon, when erecting his house in June, 1830, 
 carried out the principle of temperance so far as to state that 
 whisky would not be supplied to his neighbors who assisted in 
 raising the building. The men who aided in its erection brought 
 the walls up to the first floor, when they demandedthe customary, 
 drink. This Mr. Lemmon refused, presenting a substitute in the 
 shape of water, which was not accepted; the men retired, and it 
 was not until the subsequent week that the house was finished, and 
 only then at the solicitation of Gen. Asa Williams, who explained 
 to the people that Mr. Leramon's family should not suffer on 
 account of the parent's temperance fanaticism. 
 
 The oldest settler now residing in Lima is Morrell Goodrich, who 
 arrived here in September, 1827. 
 
 A committee furnishes this volume with the following account 
 of the . 
 
 LIMA geange: 
 
 " Lafayette Grange iN'o. 92, of the township of Lima, was organ, 
 ized and officers installed by Deputy C. L. Whitney, of Muskegon- 
 after giving an able address in behalf of the P. of H., Oct. 16 
 1873. The following names constituted the charter members: 
 Mast., E. A. !Nordman; Overseer, Eobt. Buchanan; Lect., Dr. H. A. 
 Carr; Stew., John E. Cooley; Asst., S. W. Westfall; Sec, G. H. 
 Mitchell; Chap., Hev. Win. Whitcorab; Treas., Chas. Clements; G. 
 K., D. D. Dixon; Ceres., Mrs. Dr. II. A. Carr; Pomona, Mrs. G. 
 E. Williams: Flora. Mrs. E. Buchanan ; L. A. S., Mrs. E. jl. Kergs: 
 Mrs. Chas. Clements, Mi^. Westfall, Mrs. D. D. Dixon, Mr. and 
 Mrs. L. Whipple, Mr. and Mrs. D. K. Dixon, Mr. and Mrs. Chas. 
 Whitaker, G. E. Williams, Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Williams, Mrs. J. 
 Cooley, E. H. Kergs, Mrs. E. A. Nordman, — all of which were 
 charter members with the exception of Eev. Mr. Whitcomb, num- 
 bering 27 in all. 
 
 "The following have been the principal officers: in 1874 — 
 Master, W. W. Williams; Overseer, Eobt. Buchanan; Sec, G. 
 N. Mitchell; 1875— Master, Eobt. Buchanan; Over., G. IST. Mitch- 
 ell, Sec, Chas. F. Hammond; 1876— Mast., E. A. jSTordmau ; Over., 
 R. Buchanan; Lect., John E. Cooley; Sec, Dr. H. A. Carr; 1877 — 
 Mast., E. A. JSTordman; Over., D. D. Dixon; Lect., W. Westfall; 
 Sec, Dr. H. A. Carr; 1878— Mast., E. A. JSTordman; Over., C. W. 
 Brown; Lect, Eobt Buchanan; Sec, Dr. H. A. Carr; 1879 — Mast. 
 E. A. JSTordman; Over., C. W. Brown; Lect., E. Buchanan Sec, F. 
 H. Ward; 1880— Mast, C. W. Brown ; Over.. E. A. JSTordman; Lect., 
 Dr. H. A. Carr; Sec, F. H. Ward. 
 
810 
 
 HI3T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 "The officers for the year 1881 in full are as follows: Mast., E. 
 A. Nordman; Over., D. D. Dixon; Lect, C. W. Brown; Stew., J. E. 
 Coolej; Asst. S., J. J. Wood; Chap., R. Buchanan; Treas., E. H. 
 Kergs; Sec, F. H. Ward; Gr. K. M. Whipple; Ceres, Mrs. A. 
 Beach; Pom.. Miss F. Cooley; Flora, Mrs. W. Covert; L. A. S., 
 Mrs. J. J. Wood. 
 
 " The membership of the grange at present numbers 42. 
 
 " As a grange we reap the advantages of the order, which was 
 formed for the purpose of benefiting individual members; pro- 
 mote the social element of our natures; inculcate charity, purity 
 and refinement as well as the noble sentiment of fraternity. Farm- 
 ers' sons and daughters are educated in relation to general business, 
 laws of trade, causes and influence governing the market, finance, 
 laws and customs of interest, commission business and the appli- 
 cation of such knowledge of the farm and its produce, etc. Another 
 important element in our order is the knowledge- of parliamentary 
 tactics in our deliberations, latent talent is brought forth, diffidence 
 and embarrassment all lessened, the rough statue in its nativity 
 gives away to a more polished mode of exchanging thought, writing, 
 speaking and lecturing. Untold advantages are being reaped from 
 our order. In this direction the members of Lafayette Grange 
 are storing knowledge for the present and future. 
 
 "By Order of Committee, 
 
 Dr. it. a. Caee, 
 F. IT Ward." 
 
 The following have served Lima township in an official capacity: 
 
 SUPEEVISOES. 
 
 Darius Pierce 18i59 
 
 Russell Whipple 1860 
 
 Morris Thompson 1861-5 
 
 Russell Whipple 1866-7 
 
 George S. Freer 1868-70 
 
 Chauncey B. Steadman 1870 
 
 Ebenezer Smith 1871 
 
 Nathan Pierce 1872-3 
 
 Byron 0. Whitaker 1874 
 
 Nathan Pierce 1875-6 
 
 Charles Whitaker 1877-9 
 
 Finley B. Whitaker 1879 
 
 Walter H. Dancer 1880 
 
 Russell Parker 1834-6 
 
 Rodney Ackley 1837-40 
 
 Russell Whipple 1841 
 
 Darius Pierce 1842-3 
 
 John L. Clements 1844 
 
 William Warner 1845-7 
 
 Darius Pierce 1848 
 
 William Warner 1849 
 
 Darius Pierce 1850 
 
 Philip Staring 1851-3 
 
 Morris Thompson 1854 
 
 William Warner 1855 
 
 Darius Pierce 1856 
 
 Morris Thompson 1857-8 
 
 CLEEKS. 
 
 John K. Bingham 1834 
 
 William A. Crosman 1835-6 
 
 William S. Martin 1837 
 
 Alvin P. Crosman 1838-9 
 
 Abram Arnold 1840 
 
 Beriah King 1841 
 
 Henry M. Towusend 1842 
 
 Alfred C. Holt 1843 
 
 Benjamin F. Bradley 1844 
 
 Alonzo D. Ward 1845-6 
 
 Ember Bullard 1847 
 
 James Green 1848 
 
 William W. Perry 1849 
 
 William Dowlman 1850 
 
 Barnum Arnold 1851 
 
 Asa Williams 1852 
 
 James Davis 1853 
 
 Barnum Arnold 1854-6 
 
 Harvey B. Muscott 1857 
 
 Henry' A. Carr 1858-63 
 
 Edward O. Kellev 1863 
 
 George S'. Freer. .' 1864-5 
 
 Elisha Freer 1866-7 
 
 Uriah H. Townsend 1867 
 
 William Covert 1868 
 
 Godfrey Luick 1869 
 
 Charles H. Lemmon 1870-4 
 
 William Covert 1874-80 
 
LIMA. TOWNSHIP. 
 
 81J 
 
 TREASUEEES. 
 
 Elias Easton 1834 
 
 Lyman Williams 1835-0 
 
 Chester C. Palmer 1837 
 
 Albert Steadman 1838 
 
 Alvin P. Crosman 1839 
 
 William A. S. Shaw 1840 
 
 A. Bennett 1841 
 
 Asa Williams 1842-3 
 
 Jehiel IT. Bakor 1844 
 
 Ashael S. j\Iorris 1845-0 
 
 Charles Whitaker 1847 
 
 William Doyle 1848 
 
 Ira Ciishmau, jr 18 t!l 
 
 David K. Dixdn 1850 
 
 Joseph K. Taylor .1851 
 
 James M. Bowen 1852 
 
 Lester L. Warner 1853 
 
 Jones Freer 1854 
 
 William Taylor ; 1855 
 
 BobertBoyd 1850 
 
 Edward A. Nordman 1857 
 
 Charles M. Bowen 1858 
 
 Byron C. Whitaker 1850 
 
 Calvin Z. Chipman 1800 
 
 Byron C. Whitaker 1801 
 
 Godfrey Luick 1803 
 
 Elisha Freer 1803 
 
 David Webb 1804 
 
 Darwin Dobner 1805 
 
 Robert Buclianaa 1 800 
 
 Uzziel Stephens 1 807 
 
 Jacob A. Dancer 1808 
 
 Charles Steinbaek ISO!) 
 
 A. Mortimei' Freer 1 87(1 
 
 George H. Mitchell 1871 
 
 Anthony L. llolden 1872 
 
 Daniel Heininger 1873 
 
 Leander Easton 1874 
 
 Theodore P. Covert 1875 
 
 Finley B. Whitaker 1870 
 
 Eugene B. Freer 1877-8 
 
 Jerome L. Parker 1879-80 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Russell Parker 1834 
 
 Darius Pierce 1835 
 
 Hai-vey C. Boyd 1830 
 
 Samuel B. Bradley 1830 
 
 Peleg Armsti'ong 1830 
 
 Calvin Chipman 1830 
 
 Alfred Cadwell 1837 
 
 Adolphus Gulley 1837 
 
 Henry :Markell 1840 
 
 William Whiteman 1841 
 
 Rodney .\ckk'\- 1843 
 
 Deacon (J. AVi'llits. . .' 1S4:1 
 
 Russell Paiker 1H44 
 
 Abram Slornis 1844 
 
 Richard Sncll 1S45 
 
 Hor;ice Warner 1H45 
 
 Rodney Acklcy 1M40 
 
 James Dancer". 1 84(; 
 
 Chester C. P.almer |H47 
 
 James Dan er 1848 
 
 Daniel F. Muscott 1848 
 
 Charles Whitdrer 1850 
 
 Morris Thompson 1W50 
 
 William P. Trac'v 1851 
 
 Gardiner W. M cMillen 1 85'3 
 
 William Dancer 18.):! 
 
 Rodney Ackley 18.54 
 
 Lester L. Warner 1855 
 
 Orrin Townsend 1850 
 
 Shelden Ide 1«57 
 
 Chauncey B. Steadman 1858 
 
 Chester C. Palmer 1858 
 
 Thomas Jewett 1858 
 
 Ilarvet B. Muscott 1 858 
 
 James McLaren 1859 
 
 Edward A. Nordman 1859 
 
 Morris Thomp.son 1800 
 
 Chauncey B. Steadman 1803 
 
 Ebenezer Smith 1803 
 
 Charles Webb 1804 
 
 Samson Parker 1865 
 
 Chauneev B. Sleadman 1800 
 
 William 'Warner ISOO 
 
 Ebenezer Smith lS(i7 
 
 William Warner Um 
 
 S.amson Parker 1809 
 
 Caleb W. Iijown 1870 
 
 Isaac P. Savery 1871 
 
 AVesley WesI fall 1 873 
 
 Ebenezer Smith 1M7:! 
 
 Chauncey B. Steadman 1874 
 
 Isaac P. Sav(!]'y. 1H75 
 
 Robert Buchanan 1876 
 
 ( ieort^e R. Williams 1877 
 
 (Gardiner W. ]\[cMillan, 1878 
 
 Isaac P. Savei-v 1879 
 
 Robert Buchanan 1 880 
 
 PEESONAL SKETCIIEiS. 
 
 In tlie following pages are given sketclies of many of those men 
 wlio made Lima their honje and raised it from its primitive condi- 
 tion to the rank of one of the first municipal divisions of the county. 
 
812 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Ahner Beach, farmer, sec. 15, Lima tp. ; P. O., Lima Center; came from New 
 York to Micliigan with liis parents in 1835, stopping for about six montlis at De- 
 troit, and in 1838 to Lima tp. His fatlier, William G Beach, was a well-lcnown 
 citizen of this tp., and died in 1862. His mother, Poliy Beach, died in 1875. Both 
 were buried at Lima Center. Abner was born in March, 1832, and has passed the 
 greater part of his life in this vicinity. He was married in November, 1862, to 
 Cyntliia Dixon, born in Lima tp. in 1839, daughter of David K. and Zilla Dixon, 
 who were among tlie early settlers of Lima tp. They liave.l child — Edward, 
 born in 1868. Mr. B. is one of the leading farmers in the section of county where 
 he resides. 
 
 Henry A. Carr, physician, Lima Center, was born at New Lebanon, N. Y., 
 June 26, 1832. In this place lie grew to manhood, and believing he could make 
 the practice of medicine the labor of hi.s life, he entered Castleton Medical Col- 
 lege, in Vermont, graduating in the spring of 1845. Shortly after this he was 
 married to Harriet Sluyter, born in New York, in May, 1821, daughter of William 
 and Martlia Slujter. They had o cliildren, all of Avliom died when young. In 
 the spring of 1846 My. Carr came to Michigan, and located in Napoleon, ^vliere he 
 practiced his profession for about a year. He then removed to Rowland, Lenawee 
 county, and in 1848 to Mancliester, Washtenaw county. In 1850 he went to Lima 
 Center, where he still resides. During the summer of 1880 he went to Renewa, 
 Wisconsin, and opened a drug store, but his health failed him and he returned to 
 Lima Centei'. Mr. Carr is one of the leading pliysicians in Washtenaw county, 
 and a member of the Masonic fraternity, and connected with the Chelsea lodge. 
 Mr. and Mrs, C'. are members of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County. 
 
 Williiau II. C'ooA; (deceased), was born at llodne}r, Jetferson Co., N. Y., April 10, 
 1810 ; son of Stephen Cook. He came to Washtenaw county when a young, man. 
 On Oct. 20, 18;j0, he married Emeline Beckers, born in Tompkins county, N. Y., 
 Feb. 23, 1811, daughter of Simeon and Polly (Patchin) Beckers, the former a na- 
 tive of JIassacUusetts, and the latter a native of Ncav York. Mrs. Cook had come 
 to >A'aslitenaw county at an earh" date, and m as one ot the first school-teachers in 
 Limatp. After their marriage they moved into Lima t|i., where she still lives. 
 Mr. Cook died Oct. 31, 1870, and was interred at Dcxtei'. He had been amember 
 of the .^I. E. Churcli at Dexler for some years. He had 5 children, all boys, horn 
 to him — Samuel C., of Grand Rapids; William H., of St. Paul, Minn.; Stephen 
 D., of ]\Iichigan ; J\Iarcus S., living at home, and George E., of Sherman, Texas. 
 
 B. O. Gooper, farmer, sec. 19, Lima tp. ; was born in Ontario county, N. Y., Dec. 
 16, 1810. lie emigrated to this county in 1831, and purchased 160 acres of wild, 
 uncultivated land. He has been twice married ; in 1845 to Charlotte Depue, who 
 was born in this county, in 1827. By this mari-jage they had 4 children, 3 of 
 whom are living — Almira, wife of Emery Chitman, and Frank. The decea.'-ed 
 are Elmer and Ellen. The mother of these children died in 1855. In 1860, he 
 was married to ^fis. Elizabeth Frost, daughtei' of James and Hester Van Atta. Bj' 
 tills marriage 5 cliildren have l)een bcirn — Addie, Elmer, Lena, Osman and 
 Sarah, deceased. 31r. C. is a member of the M. E. denomination, and a Re- 
 pidjlican. 
 
 J.ester L. Cooper, farmer; P. O., Dexler; was born in Addison county, Vermont, 
 Feb. 25, 1808. He was the son of Lester and Sally (Snow) C<Joper. They were 
 parents of 4 children, when they came to this county in 1821) — Lester L., Mary, 
 Laura and Sarah. The second and third children are deceased. The father of 
 these children, Le.ster Cooper, 'was born in Addison count}', in 1780, and married 
 July 9, 1801. He died March 15, 1845. He resided in his native county until his re- 
 moval lo^Iichigan. Le.ster L.was married in this count}^ in 1835. Mrs. C. died in 1860, 
 and in 1864 he married ]Mrs. Susan Blanchajtl, born near Ann Arbor, Sept. 9, 
 l)-i34, and daughter of Nicholas Dole, a former resident of this counly. Some 
 years previous to the late Avar, she had moved with her husband to Illinois. Dur- 
 ing the war he enlisted in Co. K, t27th 111. Vol. Tnf, and died in the hospital at 
 Jefferson Barracks, ]\[o., in 3[ay, 1862. Mi'. Cooper has an adopted daughter, 
 Nancy, P. A-^-ery, who was born in Kendall county, Illinois, in February, 1870. 
 
 Ciiiisidtr Cu!iti'iiian,ii\n\\er, acQ. 10, Lima tp. ; son of Ira and Anna (Sprague) 
 Cushman, natives of New York, and of English descent. They emigrated to 
 Washtenaw counly in 1835, and .settled in Lima tp., where they I'emained till 
 death , the former dying in 1H74, and the latter in 1861. They were the parents 
 of 6 children, of whom Consider was the tliird, and born in New York, Jmie 3, 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP, 813 
 
 1818. He was raised a farmer's boy, and received liis education in bis native 
 State, during the winter months. On Nov, 3, 1839, lie was married to Charlotte 
 Smith, daughter of Jones and Lucy Smith, tlie former a native of Pennsylvania, 
 and of Welsh descent, and the' latter a native of New Jersey and of French par- 
 entage. They came to this county in 1836. Mrs. C. was born in 1818. Nine chil- 
 dren were sent to bless this alliance, 5 of whom are living — Lucy M., wife of 
 Leonard Rodman, of Lima tp. ; Jane C, the twins, Jerome and Marion, and Oliver 
 J. The names of the 4 deceased were Byron, Wesley, Lewis and Charlotte E. 
 Mr. C. came to this county a poor man, and has toiled and struggled till he has 
 gained the ascendency over poverty, aud after giving each of his children a good 
 piece of land, has 110 acres left, which will keep him comfortable the re- 
 mainder of his life. His religious views are free and unbiased, and he is con- 
 sidered a fine man, a good neighbor, and an influential citizen. 
 
 Walter H. Dancer, sec. 2i), Lima tp. ; P. O., Chelsea; was born in this couuty, 
 June 21, 1844. He is a son of Henry and Emily (Gull}^) Dancer, the former a 
 native of England, and the latter a native of New York. Mr. Dancer, Sr., came 
 to Washtenaw county in 1830, and his wife followed him five years later. "Walter 
 H. was reai-ed on a farm and has devoted almost his entire life to agricultural 
 pursuits. In 1867, he married ]\[ary Tucker, born in Ne\\' York, ]\[arch 29, 1840, 
 daughter of ilary and Christiana Tucker. The result of this marriage has been 
 the birth of 3 children— Herbert A., born JEaTch 13,1870; Hemy M., born jVIarch 
 8, 1874; and William Z. C, born Feb. 11, 187!). Mr. Dancer isaprominent Demo- 
 crat of Lima tp., and has served that part}- in se\'eral official positions ; was School 
 Director and Treasurer of the school fund. At present he re preseuls the township 
 in the Board of Supervisors. 'Slv. and jMrs. D. are members of the M. E. Church. 
 Mr. Dancer's father died in bS.'jO, but his widow is still living with her son Walter 
 H., on the 140 acres of land forming the old homestead. 
 
 Leander Ea.iton is a native of Lima tp., where he was born in June, 1840. 
 His parents came from Yates Co., N. Y., and settled in Lima tp. in May, 1831. 
 His father, Paul D. Easton, Avas the son of Enos and Sally (Drake) Easton, and 
 horn in Seneca Co., N. Y., Aug. 12, 1805. In Feb., 1836, he married Sally Adams, 
 born in Rutland Co., Vt., Feb. 14, 180.'5, and daughter of Ashel and Polly Adams, 
 the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter a uati\'e of iiassachusetls. They 
 came to Yates Co., N. Y., when Sally was an infant. Eight cldldren were born 
 to them — Rufns, died, aged 33; Rhoda, wife of J. D. Clumdler, ^Mar.shtill Co., 
 Iowa; Ambrose .T., enlisted in Co. K., 4th jMich. Vol. Inf, and was killed at ^Mal- 
 vern Hill, June 30, 18G3; Fernando, a resident of Des Moines, Iowa; Leander; 
 Almetta, wife of John C. Bradlej', Atlantic, Iowa; Orpha, wife of G. M. Thomp- 
 son, Ingham Co., Mich. ; Marj- A., wife of Thomas Fisk, Polk, Iowa. In the 
 summer of 1832 Mr. Easton was .summoned to appear ,armed and equipped for 
 sei-vice, in the then supposed war with the Black Hawk Indians. He "was not 
 willing to leave his ycaing wife and two children in the timber of Lima tp., far 
 from anj- habitation A\hatever, so he thought it best to return to New York. 
 This lie did, and in the spring of 1834 came once more to this countj', and in the 
 autumn of that _vear bought his farm on sec. 14, Lima tp., where he lived until 
 his death, which occurred Dec. 33, 18.58. >Irs. Easton still survives, and resides 
 with her son Leander, on the old homestead. >She is the only person living in 
 Lima tp. who came there in 1831. Mr. E. was a faithful member of the JVI. E. 
 Church, as is his wife. Leander was rear(.'d on a farm, and in Sept., 1863, married 
 Mary M. Dixon, born in Lima t])., in Dec, 1841. The_v bad 1 child born to them — 
 Alvin J. Mrs. Easton died in Aug.. 1805, and was buried at Lima Center. In 
 Feb., 1870, Mr. E. married Elizabeth M. Doane, born in De.xtertp. iu Feb., 1843, 
 and daughter of John and iVnnie Doane. The result of this marriage was the 
 birth of two children — Annie L. and Helen. ]\I. In Julj', 1871, death deprived 
 Mr. Easton of his noble wife, and she was laid a^ay to await the great judgment 
 daj'. He is a member olthi' A. O. L'. W.. and a successful fanner. He lias been 
 for many j-ears a faithful member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Peter }i'Leirher was born in Sylvan tp., Washtenaw Co., 3[ich., in 1835. His 
 parents, Peter and Anna (Hindlej-) Fletcher, were natives of Sliettield, England, 
 and came to this county in 1838. During the time of the war Mi'. Fletclier spent 
 five years in California', but returned to Michigan, and soon aftei- married Sobrina 
 Spencer, wlio was born in Freedom tp. in 1840. They have one child — Herman 
 E., who was born Feb. 12, 1873. Mrs. Fletcher's parents were Eldred and Emily 
 (Adams) Spencer, who came from New York in 1863. Mr. Fletcher has beci 
 
814 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits through life, and owns 110 acres of land on sees. 
 19 and 30. 
 
 Christian Fritz, farmer, sec. 25, Lima l.p. ; P. O., Dexter; was born in Germany 
 in 183;i, and is a son of Prederit'k and Catherine Fritz. I le emigrated to America 
 in 1853, and the same year came to this county, -where he obtained employ- 
 ment, -working by the month for seven yeai-s. In I860 he maiTied Margaret 
 Bnyder, born in Germany in 1844, and daughter of Martin and Mai'garet Snyder, 
 natives of Germany. They have 4 children — William F., Keuben C., Emma C, 
 and Julia A. Mr. Frit/, owns a good farm of 104 acres, well cultivated. 
 
 William Orieh, farmer, Lima tp., was born in Wurtembuj-g, Germany, Jun. 5, 
 1838. He is the son of Mi( liael and Elizabeth Grieb. He came to America with 
 his father and brother in 1855, and settled in Ann Arbor, where his brother, 
 John Michael, worked for alieut six years. About this time his mother came to 
 this county, and bought a farm in Fj-eedom tj). Maich 14, 1873, he married Salo- 
 ma Mammel, born in Freedom tp., in 1848. Her parents came into Scio tp. 
 when she -was four years old, and remained until she was 17, when they removed to 
 Freedom t|i. again. They Ijave a family of 4 children — Catharine, Charles, 
 Frank and an infant. Mr. Grieb is a member of the Lutheran Church, and a suc- 
 cessful farmer. His parents were members of the same denoinination. His 
 father died in ISfil, ;ind bis mother Feb. 6, 1880. 
 
 Jdcoh IT. 11(1(1,1, farmer, A\as born in Freedom tp., Washtenaw Co., in January, 
 1 841 . His parents, John and Barbara Haas, came from Germany and settled in this 
 coimty at an e.irly day. He was reared to manhood on his father's farm, and in 
 April, 1868, he mari-ied Catharine Smith, born in Lodi tp. They have a family 
 of 3 ciiildroi — Jacdli V., Edwin A., and Chri.stiana B., all born in Lima tp. He 
 purchased his farm in Lima tp. in the spring of 1808. He has a good farm 
 and a ple;isant home. 
 
 Liiiher JaiKen, Esq., an old and honored jjioneer of Washtenaw Co., was born 
 at Goshen, Mass., July 13, 1803. His parents were Capt. Malachi and Elizabeth 
 (Lyman) James, the former of whom wa.s a descendant of John James, the elder 
 of three brothi'rs who came to America from England about the time the Pilgrim 
 Fathers landed at Plymouth Kock. John James married Deborah Bates, of Pera- 
 brook, Mass. To them -svere liorn (! children, of whom John James, jr., was the 
 eldest. He -^vas liorn in 1744 ; mnn-ied Lois Beals, of Cohasset, Mass., April 4, 
 17(i5, and died July 11, 1804. To them were born 7 children, of whom Malachi 
 was the second, lie -was born July 9, 1767. On Feb. 18, 179II, he majried Eliza- 
 beth Lyman, of Northampton, Mass., who was born Oct. 31, 1771. The former 
 was an aid to Gen. Mattoon, in whaL Wiis known as " Shay's Rebellion." He died 
 Aug. 24, 1849, at the age of S2 years, and bis wife followed him July 9, ]H5(i, aged 
 85 years. Miilachi moved with his father t(j Goshen, Mass., in 1769. To him were 
 born 1 1 cbildien, of wdiom Luther was the sixth. Fouj- of the daughters married at 
 the old homestead. Some of the children became prominent citizens of this 
 county, and added much to its material wealth. Among them were Eniicli and 
 Lewis L. The foi'mer died at Ann Arbor, Fel). 28, IHtrt, and the latter at Dexter, 
 Aug. 17, lissil. Luther James, the sulijeet lit tills sketch, was reared to manliood 
 on his fatbei-'s farm in jMiissiiehusells, and received liis pj-eliminary education at 
 the district.-sebools, subsequently attending an iieademy at Old Hadley, Mass. 
 Believing that in the We.stern Stales he cciuld find a liekl of labor which would 
 give him a lietter eb.-uiee tfi e-xpiind and increase the excellent business (|UalitieH 
 which nature had brslowed upon him, Mr. James came to Michigan, in the sum- 
 mer of ]8:!5, and located in Waslilenaw county. Ills first business was dealing in 
 hoises, which he pui-cliasi'd in Ohio, and disjiosed of in this and adjoining coun- 
 ties. Having a little cash at his disposal, he naturally turned his attention to 
 some business, in whicli he could invest his rcjidy nn'iins, and make a fair and 
 comfortable living. With a shrewd foresight, he .saw the wonderful success -nd-iich 
 could be obtained in i)urcbasing wool, and shipping it to the East, having previ- 
 ously ))een engaged in the wool trade in the Em stern States. He accordiu'dy began 
 o]i<'ralious, though on a small scale at first. During the early days, there being 
 but comparatividy little wool raised in this State he extended his 'field of opera- 
 tions so as to include this, Jackson, Lenawee, and other counties. At one time, 
 Mr. James was the largest, wool-buyer in the State of Michigan. When he first 
 an-ived in this county, Mr. James acted as broker for parties in the East, and has 
 never entirely gi\'en up that business. He has always taken an iictive interest in the 
 public affairs of \\'asbtenaw county, and his generosity in all mattei-s pej-taininir to 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP. 815 
 
 the welfare of the community is excelled by none. Seeing the necessity for the 
 erection of a more suhstantial structure in -which to store the public records of 
 the county, Mr. James threw his energy and influence into the enterprise of build- 
 ing a new court-house for Washtenaw county. After considerable length of time, 
 the matter was brought before the Board of Supervisors, which ordered a vote to 
 be taken by the people. This was accordingly done, and the measure defeated. 
 It was once more submitted and again defeated. Mr. James then set about en- 
 listing the people in behalf of the intended enterprise. He canvassed the entire 
 western part of the county. It having been twice defeated, he saw he must re- 
 new hi.^ energies, or his long cherished idea would fall to ashes. He therefore 
 came forward, and proposed to give to the county a clock to put in the tower ot 
 the building, which sliould cost not to e-xceed $1,000; to that efl'ect he issued a 
 bond to the supervisors of the county, and again commenced the canvass. On 
 the next vote, the proposition of building was carried by a large majority, and 
 Mr. James retired from the field with a full knowledge of having done his entire 
 duty in the niattei'. The proposition for building was carried mainly through the 
 influence of Mr. James' gift, and a donation of $20,000, made by the city of Ann 
 Arbor, over and above its proportion of taxes. The edifice was erected, and a 
 handsome clock put in the tower, for which Mr. James gave the Board his check 
 for $1,000. During the October session of 1879, of that body, it ''Bewhed, that the 
 thanks of the Board and of the people of the county be extended to Mr. James 
 for his mimificent gift, which secures for the county the clock which adorns our 
 court-house tower. 
 
 "HexolueJ, That a copy of the above resolutions be presented to Mr. James, and 
 published in the city papers." 
 
 Every peal of the noonday hour resounds throughout the city, the enterprise of 
 this generous pioneer ; and every tick, tick, tick of its long swinging pendulum 
 shall bear to future generations worthy commemoration of one whose acts of pub- 
 lic benevolence were emulated by the many, but excelled by few. For many 
 years Mr. James made his home with his sister, Mrs. Sophia Sears, but since her 
 demise resides with his nephew, Thomas S. Sears, of Lima tp. Mr. James has 
 been uniformly successful in business, and is familiarly known throughout this 
 and adjoining counties as a man of strict integrity and uncompromising honor. 
 His portrait embellishes this volume. 
 
 Thomas Jeicett, fai'mer, sec. 30, Lima tp. ; P. O., Chelsea; was born in New 
 Hampshire, July 23, 1818. His parents were Eleazer and Submit (Porter) Jewett, 
 natives of Connecticut, the former of Welsh descent. He came to this county in 
 1836, settled on sec. 19, Lima tp., where he remained till his death, which oc- 
 curred Sept. 19, 1854. He was a carriage-maker by trade, and Thomas learned 
 the trade with him, and continued in that business till he was 27 years old, since 
 which time he has followed the occupation of farming. He came to this county 
 in 1844, and settled on sec. 30, where he at present owns 120 acres of fine farm 
 land, valued at $'M per acre, and with good improvements there on. On Feb. 1, 
 1841, in New Hamp.shire, he married Jane B. Clark, daughter of Moses and Fan- 
 nie (Patterson) Clark, lioth natives of New Hampshire. They have 2 children 
 by this marriage — Clara F., and Ada E., wife of John AValtrouse. Mr. Jewett 
 has held the otilce ot Justice of the Peace, and is one of the best citizens of Wash- 
 tenaw county. 
 
 Blijidi H. Ket/s. farmer, sec. 34, Lima tp. ; P. O., Lima Center ; was born in New 
 York, Sept. 22,1828. His parents were Parden and Clarissa (Wells) Keys, -the 
 former a native of Massacluisetts, and the latter of Connecticut. Mr. Keys came 
 to this county in 1832, and after entering 160 acres of land, started on his way to 
 New York, after his family. He was taken sick during the journey, and died be- 
 fore reaching home. His surviving widow moved to the county and located on the 
 land in 1835. Elijah H. was reared on the farm, and Dec. 27, 1853, he married 
 Betsey Carr, born in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, in 1828. They have 1 child 
 — Bertha C.„ born April 14, 1869. Mr. Keys is a Republican in politics, and an 
 old and honored citizen of the county. 
 
 Oodfrey Leidck was born in Lima tp., in Aug., 1835, and is a son of David and 
 Catherine Lewick, who emigrated from Germany to this county in 1828-30. They 
 were the parents of 10 children — Andrew, Dolly, Eliza, Godfrey, Jacob, David, 
 Catherine, Mary, Emanuel and Anne. Upon coming to Washtenaw county, he 
 entered 80 acres of land, on sec. 36, Lima tp., and lived there till 1870, when he 
 removed to the city of Ann Arbor, where he died in March, 1873, aged 63. He 
 
816 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOITNTT. 
 
 was buried in Scio tp. Mrs. L. died about 1861, and Mr. Lewick married Diantiia 
 Easton, daughter of diaries Easton, of Ain Ai-bor. She was a native of Yates 
 Co., N. Y., where she was born in Feb., 1833. They have 3 children — Delight 
 and Henry, both born in Lima tp. 
 
 James McLaren, farmer, sec. 33, Lima tp.; was born in Washtenaw county,'Aug. 
 9, 1835. His parents were Daniel and Sarah (Winslow) McLaren, the former a 
 native of Pulton county, N. Y., of Scotch descept, and the latter a native of Massa- 
 chusetts, of English ancestry. They came to this county in 1833, and settled on 
 sec. 33, of Lima tp., where they lived till their death, the former occurring in 1850, 
 and the latter in 1851. James was reared on a farm, and 'on May 3, 1855, in Liv- 
 ingston county, Mich., he married Virginia Duncan, born in Maryland, in 1836, 
 and a daughter of Charles and Sarah Duncan. The former was a native of New 
 York, and the latter a native of Virginia. Eleven children were born to this 
 couple, 7 of whom are living — Daniel 0., John D., Jay, Nellie B., Wilbur, Jose- 
 phine and James. Dora, Mary, Sarah and Cora are deceased. Mr. McLaren is a 
 Republican, and an honest and upright man. 
 
 G. W- MeMillen, farmer, sec. 30, Lima tp. ; P. O., Chelsea; is a native of New 
 York, where he was born Dec. 37, 1816. His parents were John and Clarinda 
 (Brightman) MeMillen. He was married in New York, to Caroline Freer, a 
 native of that State, where she was born in 1833. They had 4 children, 8 of whom 
 are now living — Helen S., wife of George W. Birdsall, of Philadelphia, Penn. ; 
 Ruby E., wife of Mr. Lillibridge, of Detroit, and John F. Mrs. M. died in 1858, 
 at the age of 36. He emigrated to this county in 1851, where he has since resided. 
 In 1875, in Ogle county. 111., he was married to Fanny Johnson, who was born in 
 New York, in 1823. He has filled the office of Justice of the Peace for one term, 
 and at present is entering upon the second term, having filled it the first time with 
 honor to himself, and to the satisfaction of his constituents. Politically he votes 
 with the Democratic party. 
 
 G. F. Morse, farmer, Limatp., P. O., Lima Center, was the third of a family of 8 
 children, and born in this county July 39, 1837. His parents were Thomas and 
 Catherine E. (Stolstiner) Morse, natives of New York , the former of Scotch, and 
 tho latter of German descent. G. F. was reared on a farm, and has followed that 
 occupation the greater part of his life. July 13, 1864, he married Emma M. Perry, 
 born in Washtenaw county, Feb. 84, 1839, and daughter of Grant T. and Eliza (Ames) 
 Perry, the former a native of New York, and the latter a native of Vermont. Tliey 
 have 3 children born to this alliance— Emma M., born Sept. 13, 1865 ; Charles M., 
 born April 37, 1867; Amy, born Jan. 16, 1869. j\Ir. Morse has been School 
 Inspector and Drain Commissioner of Lima tp. , and politically is a Democrat. 
 He is the possessor of 130 acres of land, valued at §65 per acre. 
 
 Edward A. Nordman, farmer, Lima tp. ; was born November, 1829, and came 
 with his father to Lima tp., in 1885, from that time till 1862, living with his uncle, 
 Gotlieb Nordman, in the southeast part of the tp. In 1863 he married Mrs. 
 Irene C. Home, born in Freedom tp., Oct. 11, 1833, and daughter of Henry 
 Smith, a former j-esident of this county. Four children were born to them— 
 Emily, Lottie, George Nordman and Frank Home. When a young man Mr. 
 Nordman learned the carpenter trade, but has devoted most of his time. to agri- 
 cultural pursuits, in which he has been very successful, and at present owns one 
 of the best farms in the tp. Mrs. Nordman has been a member of the M. B. 
 Church since she was 14 years old. . 
 
 Jerome Parker, jr., sec. 34, Lima tp., is the son of Russel and Hannah (Conn) 
 Parker, natives of New York and pioneers of this county ; coming here at an 
 early day, and assisting in preparing the county for the reception of the on-coming 
 tide of immigration. The former was of English descent, and died Dec. 4, 1880; 
 the latter of Scotch descent, and died in 1850. . The subject of this sketch was 
 born Oct. 38, 1839, and was the first child born in Lima tp.' He was reared on a 
 farm, and still follows that occupation, with the exception of a few months in 
 summer, when he operates a steam thresher in Lima and Scio tps. In 1866 he 
 was married to Rebecca Croman, born in this county in 1827. They had 1 child 
 by this marriage, Eddie, born Jan. 10, 1867. Mr. P. was Treasurer of Macomb 
 county, Mich., for three years, and at present is holding that office in Lima tp. 
 In politics he is a Democrat, and in religion, a Free-thinlser. 
 
 Mussel Parker, sr. (deceased), wasanativeof New York, where he was born in 
 1796. He came to this county in 1826, and settled on sec. 35, Lima tp. He was 
 twice married; in 1828 to Hannah B. Corrin, born in New York in 1810- and of 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP. 817 
 
 their 7 cMldren 4 are living— Emily B.. ^ife of Henry Mitchell, Orin T., Jerome 
 L. and Egbert. The deceased are Edgar. Hannah and Dinah. In Oakland 
 county, Mich., in 1847, to Marietta Brown, born in New York in 1818; of their 6 
 children, 3 are living— George W., John B. and Willie F. The deceased were 
 Homer D., John and Betsey. Mr. P. had but a small share of this world's goods 
 when he came into the county, but by 54 years of hard toiling and economizing, 
 he had succeeded in acquiring quite a competency, and after settling a piece of 
 property on each of his fir.=t wife's children, he had 237 acres of line farm land at 
 the time of his death, which occurred Dec. 4, 1880. He had filled several official 
 trusts, and died mourned by all with whom he was acquainted . His widow and 
 her 3 sons are living on the old homestead. 
 
 Hon. Sampson Parker, farmer, sec. 24, Lima tp., is the son of Orin and Jemima 
 (Day) Parker, the former a native of England, and the latter of New York nativity. 
 They emigrated to this county in 1833, and number among the old settlers of the 
 "Lower Peninsula." The subject of this sketch was born in Otsego county, N. Y., 
 Nov. 22, 1818. He was reared on a farm, and came West with bis parents in 
 1833, and has resided in the county the greater part of his life. Feb. 3, 1851, he 
 was married to Esther Clements, a native of Pennsylvania, where she was born 
 Dec. 18, 1819, daughter of Samuel and Catherine Clements, the former a 
 native of Pennsylvania, and of Irish descent, the latter a native of New Jersey, 
 and of German ancestry. They emigrated to this county in 1825, and entered over 
 a section of land. They have 3 children by this union — George C, Charles C. and 
 Alta J. Mr. Parker is one of the most prominent Democrats in his section of 
 country, and has been honored by the people to the best of their ability. He 
 represented Washtenaw county as a member of the M ichigan Legislature in 1867, 
 with honor and credit to himself, and to the general satisfaction of his many con- 
 stituents. The office of Justice of the Peace he has filled many times, and which 
 he holds at present. He always takes an active part in anything pertaining to the 
 benefit of the tp. or county, and enjoys the good will and respect of the better 
 class of citizens in the county. He owns 220 acres of richly cultivated land. 
 
 Darius Pierce was born Sept. 2, 1801, at Farmington, Ontario Co., N. Y. His 
 parents were Nathan and Polly (McLouth) Pierce, who were married in Mas- 
 sachusetts, and removed to Manchester, N. Y., where the former died in 1814, at 
 the age of 44 years. His gi'andfather, Nathan P., raised and commanded a com- 
 pany of militia at Berkshire, Mass., and was with Gen. Montgomery at his mem- 
 orable defeat. He retreated to the River Sorrel, where he subsequently died of 
 small-pox. Mr. Pierce's father was Pardon Arnold. He was a native of Smith- 
 field, R. I., and when young accompanied his parents to Berkshire Co., Mass., 
 when he was married to Sarah Carpenter. She bore him 9 children, 3 sons 
 and 7 daughters, Mrs. Pierce being the only one who made the West her home. 
 The two sons were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. Both parents departed this 
 life at Farmington, N. Y. Darius Pierce came to Michigan in 1832, locating a 
 quarter section of land now embraced by Albion, and also a half section, where 
 the village of Teconsha, 13 miles from Marshall, now stands. In 1846, he was 
 elected as Representative to the Michigan Legislature, and re-elected in 1847. 
 During the latter term, the capital was permanently located at Lansing, Mr. Pierce 
 drafting the bill, and being instrumental in its passage. He was the only mem- 
 ber from this district, out of seven, who voted for the bill, the remaining ones 
 wantine it located at Ann Arbor. He was a Justice of the Peace, for four years 
 before Michigan was a State, and served as County Commissioner the same length of 
 time, and Supervisor 10 years. His brother Nathan was taken prisoner at Queens- 
 town, N. Y., in the war of 1812. After coming to Michigan he was elected to 
 the Legislature and subsequently the State Senate. The capital was then at 
 Detroit, and Nathan, being in the habit of always walking to and from each 
 session, acquired the familiar title of" Old Boots." 
 
 Darius Pierce had 4 sons, 2 of whom, Henry and A. W., were soldiers in 
 the Union army. The former was in command of a cavalry charge during the 
 second battle of Bull Run, and while gallantly leading his men toward victory, a 
 stray ball found a lodging place in his breast, and he fell dead from his horse. 
 He was carelessly buried by the enemy, but subsequently disinterred by his 
 brother Nathan, and now rests in Chelsea Cemetery-. The other warrior, A. W., 
 was in Co. K, 20th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf , and had served in Virginia, Kentucky 
 and Mississippi. He had been in bad health for some time, but refused to be dis- 
 charged. He died on board a steamer, near Memphis, Tenn. The other two sons, 
 
818 HISTOKTi OF WASHTENAW CODNTY. 
 
 Nathan and Edwin, went to California, on tlie overland route, in 1S53, remaining 
 there four years, when they returned to Michigan. Nathan went once more to 
 the Golden State in 1859, but returned in 1803. Mr. Pierce has led an unusually 
 active life, but now iu his declining lays he is quite feeble, and health much im- 
 paired. We present as one of the pioneers, Mr. Pierce's portrait. 
 
 Thiimus Sears, jr., a well-known citizen of Lima tp., is the son of Thomas 
 Sears, sr., a prominent jwactitioner of that section of Washtenaw Co. The latter 
 was a native of Ashfield, Mass., aod a sou of Rowland and Jedediah (Conant) Sears, 
 residents of Massachusetts. They were descendants of Richard Sears, a Pilgrim, 
 who came over with the last company of Leyden exiles, landing at Plymouth, May 8, 
 1630. Ro-\\'land Sears was a farmer by occupation, but his son. Dr. Thomas Sears, 
 prepared for a medical practice under the preceptorship of Peter Brj'ant, father 
 of the famous deceased poet, William Culleu Bryant. He received his degree 
 from a medical college of New York, and began to practice in Peru, Mass. He 
 removed to Michigan in the summer of 1837, and settled on a farm in Lima tp., 
 now occupied by the subject of this sketch. He was married in 1815 to Sophia 
 James, of Goshen, Mass., daughter of Capt. Malachi James, and sister of Luther 
 James, an honored pioneer of this county. At the time of their settlement in 
 Michigan they had 7 children — Claudius W., a graduate of West Point; Frances, 
 wife of William S. Martin, now a resident of Dexter; Sophia A., a wife of Dr. 
 Ewing (dec.) of Dexter ; Clara C, wife of H. H. Noble, of the firm of Dexter & 
 Noble, Grand Rapids, Mich, (who died in 1868); Thomas S., our subject; Eliza, 
 beth L., who married Freeman Rowley, and now resides at Canton, Dakota, and 
 Sarah J., wife of Edwin Rowley, who also resides at Canton, Dakota. After lo- 
 cating his farm. Dr. Sears resumed his practice, and as sickness was prevalent to 
 a gi-eat extent in pioneer days, he had more than his share of physician's labor. 
 The arduous duties to which he was subjected undermined his health, and he 
 died of chill fever on Aug. 25, 1839. His family were left to strive with fortune 
 on an unimproved farm. Thomas, jr., was the eldest, and only 12 years of age. 
 Although so young, he was obliged to bear the burden and responsibility of the 
 farm labor and management of the estate, and manfully and cheerfully did he 
 perform the allotted task. The original farm consisted of 160 acres ; but now Mr. 
 Sears, who succeeded to his father's estate, has a fine and well-improved farm ot 
 400 acres. He was married Dec. 23, 1858, to Anna Congdon. Mr. Sears' mother 
 was a graduate of Westfielcl Academy, of Massachusetts, and departed this life 
 Jan. 16, 1879, at the rijje old age 87 years. 
 
 Mr. Sears' residence, near Chelsea, is contemporaneous with the history of the 
 village, and its owner remembers distinctly when the country adjacent was cov- 
 ered with heavy timber and thick underbrush. During the season of 1880, Mr. 
 Sears improved his residence by the erection of a large addition, and at present 
 has one of the finest dwellings in Lima tp., and a farm well supplied with all the 
 modern improvements. Mr. Sears is a member of the Congregational Church 
 Society, and assisted materially in the erection of the church at Chelsea. He has 
 been a farmer of no mean ability, always paying the closest attention to little 
 things about the farm and home, thereby learning the art of knowing how to save 
 crops and large sums of money whenever it came to his lot to do so. He well de- 
 serves the success which he has attained. A portrait of Mr. Sears may be found 
 in this work. 
 
 Uriah Stephens, farmer, sec. 30, Lima tp. ; P. O., Chelsea; was born in New 
 York, May 20, 1825. His parents, Allen C. and Joanna (Crane) Stephens, natives 
 of New York, and English descent. The former died in New York in 1845, and 
 the latter died in this State several years ago. Uriah emigrated to this county in 
 1837, and settled in Dextei tp., but since 1855 has resided on his present farm, 
 consisting of 80 acres. On Jan. 1, 1855, he married Caroline Whitaker, born in 
 New York Dec. 24, 1822, and daughter of Isaac and Achsah Whitaker, natives 
 of New York, and of German ancestry. They came to this covmty in 1836, where 
 the latter still lives at the advanced age of 85. Mr. Stephens has been blessed 
 with 5 children, 3 of whom are living — Isaac A., Chauncey M. and AnnaE. Mr. 
 S. has been Township Treasurer one year; also has been member of School Board 
 and School Director for six or eight years. Politically, he is a Republican. 
 
 Hiram Ward (deceased) was born in New Jersey in 1788, and moved with hig 
 parents to Cayuga Co., New York, in 1795, where he spent his eai-ly life. He 
 served in the war of 1812, and in 1815 married Olive Vanguisen, born In New 
 Jersey in 1793, coming with her parents to New York in 1805. In 1835 they 
 
LIMA TOWNSHIP. 819 
 
 emigrated to Michigan, and settled on sec. 23, Lima tp., Waslitenaw county, 
 where Hiram died in 1843, and his wife in 1855. .Three children were born to 
 them, all of whom are living— Alonzo De Witt, Linval and Phebe Caroline. Lin- 
 val was born in New York, in >[ay, 1819, and came with his parents to Michinau, 
 and still resides on the old homestead. In 1845 he married j\Iary Peck, and 8 
 children were born to them— llerrilt and Frank. Mrs. Ward died in 1H57, and in 
 April, 1861, j\[r. Ward married 3Iartha Barcli, born in Steuben Co., N. Y., in 
 1837, and came with his parents to this county at the age of 10. 
 
 Elias WestfaU. (deceased) was an old pioneer of ^Vashtenaw co\mty. He was 
 born April 39, 1798, in Sussex Co., N. J., and was the son of Solomon and Par- 
 melia (Westbrook) Westfali, the parents of 13 children. His father was a school- 
 teacher, and Elias, when 14 yeai's old, was bound as an apprentice to a tailor, the 
 conditions of such bargain being the allowance of three months each winter to 
 attend school, and when he attained his majoiity to receive anew suit of clothes. 
 Not many years after, he M'ent to Yates Co., N. Y., and Sept. 1, 1821, he married 
 Christiana Sprowls, born in New Jersey March 30, 1830. He then settled on a 
 farm, following that occupation in summer, and working at his trade in winter. 
 A few years after he married, he moved with his wife and son. Palmer, to Canadice, 
 Ontario Co., N. Y., where he worked as before mentioned, and united with the 
 M. E. Church. In 1835 he came to Michigan, bought a farm in Jackson county, 
 built a log cabin, and returned to New York. In 1836 be emigrated to his new 
 home with his family. In 1837 he sold his farm, and went to Lima tp., Washtenaw 
 Co., where he bought a farm of 300 acres, residing there till his death, which occur- 
 red March 6, 1876. His son, Wesley Westfali, was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., Oct. 
 11, 1830. He came with his parents to this county in 1837, and spent his youth- 
 ful days on his father's farm. Oct. 1, 1867, he married Jennie Stewart, daughter 
 of De Witt and Mary Stewart, of Isabella Co., Mich. They have 2 children — 
 Nelson and May. Mr. Westfali used the tirst steam thresher ever brought inside 
 the borders of Washtenaw county, on July 38, 1870. 
 
 Mr. Westfali made religion the most important feature of his life. When he 
 lived in Jackson county; he would often ride an ox to Church in the winter sea- 
 son, and when he arrived at his destination would tie the rope around the ox's 
 horns and let him go home. After meeting, Mr. Westfali would trudge home 
 alone over the dimly rnarked-out path. He had 6 children born to him, 5 of 
 whom are living, 4 sons and 1 daughter. The other daughter, Christiana, is 
 deceased. ]Mrs. Westfali died Jan. 4, 1845, after a sickness of only two weeks du- 
 ration. A friend remarked : " She died a triumphant death, proclaiming happi- 
 ness to the last, and her bedside was one of joy rather than of sorrow. She was 
 the firmest Chi'istian I ever met." We give Mr. Westfall's portrait.. 
 
 Levi Whipple, farmer, sec. 33, Lima tp., was born in New York in 1817. His par- 
 ents were Mason and Polly (Tiffany) Whipple, natives of Massachusetts, and ot 
 English descent. They came to this county in 1833, and settled in Limatp., where 
 the former died in 1843, and the latter in 1863. Levi has followed the occupation 
 of a farmer through life, and at present owns 120 acres of good land, valued at 
 $60 per acre. In 1853 he married Amanda Owens, born in New York in 1833. 
 They have been blessed with 4 children — Mason, Warren, Clara and Edmund 
 J. He is also raising a little girl by the name of Mabel Oliver. Mr. W. is politi- 
 cally a Republican, and in religion is a Free Thinker. 
 
 Finley B. Whitn.'^er, farmer, sec 19, Lima tp. ; P. O., Chelsea. ; was born in this 
 county bee. 31, 1846. His parents were Charles and Laura (Beech) Whitaker, 
 natives of Yates county, N. Y., the former of Scotch and the latter of German de- 
 scent. They came to Washtenaw county at an early day, and rank among the 
 pioneers of " fair Washtenaw." Finley B. was married In this State in 1(578, to 
 Alice J. Conklin, a daughter of Calvin F. and Nancy E. (Preston) Conklin, the 
 former a native of this county, the latter a native of New York. They have 1 
 child by this marrMge — Burleigh C, born Sept. 16, 1878. Mr. Whitaker has held 
 several local offlc i, and is a member of Chapter 98, Blue Lodge, Grass Lake, of 
 the Masonic frateinity. In politics he votes with the Democratic party. 
 
 Walter G. Wines, son of Charles Wines, of Sylvan tp., was born in Sylvan tp., 
 Sept. 31, 1853. His life was mostly spent on his father's farm, but in 1878 he 
 went to Detroit, and was engaged in the lumber business. In the spring of 1880 
 he returned to Washtenaw county and purchased his present farm, near Che'sea. 
 Feb. 32, 1836, he marriedMrs. Sarah J. Pratt, born in Sylvan tp. in February, 
 1845, and a daughter of Cyrus Beckwith, a former resident of this county. They 
 have 3 children — Sydney and Alice Pratt, and Walter 0. Wines. 
 
SCIO TOW JS[ SHIP. 
 
 The town ol Scio was organized by the Territorial Council March 
 26, 1833, and the first township meeting was held at the residence of 
 Horace Leek, on section 9. It embraces township No. 2 south, of 
 range 5 east, and is one of the best agricultural towns in the 
 county. 
 
 EAELT SETTLERS. 
 
 The first settler in the town was Alexander Laverty, who came 
 in October, 1825, and located on section 25. He lived here but a 
 few years, when he disposed of his place, moved west, and dropped 
 out of the recollection of nearly all of the early settlers. 
 
 Hiram Putnam located the west half of the northwest quarter of 
 section 18, in 1825, and moved his father and motJier there in 1826. 
 Mr. Putnam sold out and moved to Ingham county, in 1835. 
 
 Geo. W. Patterson and Elias Smith came in 1826 and settled on 
 section 15. In the fall of this year Russell Parker located the 
 northwest quarter of section 30, and James Cleland the southwest 
 quarter of section 21. Robert McCartney and Samuel Rath pur- 
 chased farms on section 28, and moved to them in the spring of 
 1827. Hiram Arnold was a settler of 1827, locating his homestead 
 on section 14. Mr. Arnold remained on his farm until his death, 
 which occurred in 1879. He, in the 52 years of a busy life in this 
 county, accumulated a large fortune. Rufus Knight was also a 
 settler of 1827, and located his homestead on section 34. He was a 
 fine man, a good citizen, and was quite successful in life. James 
 Popkins settled on section 14 in 1827. When Mr. Popkins first 
 began life in this county he was as ignorant of farming as a child, 
 but having a will and a determination to do, he became a successful 
 farmer. He was a good man and a conscientious member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. Cornelius Brink, Vreebon Bates and 
 George Babcock all came in 1827. David Godfrey settled on sec- 
 tion 22, in the spring of 1828. Mr. Godfrey is now living a retired 
 life in Ann Arbor. Mr. Beck and Mr. Roys also settled the same 
 year on section 27. 
 
 The settlement of the township was quite rapid from 1828. From 
 1829 to 1831 came Miller, Paul, Bissinger, Laubengeyer, Case, 
 Yeoman, Hancock, Courtwright, Morris, Sloah, Richardson, Cro- 
 man, Lacey, Seydam. White, Blood, Gregory, Phelps, Bingham, 
 Mains, Smith, Swift, Rosier, Foster, Crane, Wing and others. 
 
 In 1832 Capt. Hays, who settled on section 8, contracted with 
 Clark Sill to build his house, which he described to his neighbor as 
 
 (830) 
 
fi**^ 
 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 823 
 
 follows: "She is to be built after the most approved model; her 
 bulwarks are to be large trees; and she is to be seven feet lower 
 deck, and five feet upper deck, with port-holes in the upper and 
 lower decks, with scuppers on tlie upper deck. She is to be alto- 
 gether sea-worthy.'" Captain Hays had an adventurous life. He 
 was born in Cape Ann, Massachusetts, a few years before the Rev- 
 olutionary war, and enlisted as a sailor when but a mere youth. 
 He followed the sea until just prior to his removal to Washtenaw 
 county. He was a privateer during the war of 1812, and captured 
 more prizes from the enemy than could be cared for. He was twice 
 taken prisoner by pirates, on one occasion of which his crew was 
 given seven days' rations and told by the pirates to keep out of 
 their way, for if again taken they would all be slain. The rations 
 were divided so as to last a month, instead of a week, before the 
 expiration of which time they fell in with a friendly vessel and were 
 relieved. After the war the Captain entered the merchant service. 
 As already stated, he moved here in 1832, and both himself and 
 wife will long be remembered by old settlers. They were a remark- 
 ably kind-hearted couple and had one son and daughter. On one 
 occasion the Captain attended divine services at a church in the 
 neighborhood. A protracted meeting was in progress, with some 
 excitement. One individual was very much excited and prayed 
 long and loud, and exhorted sinners at once to repent. The Cap- 
 tain sat in silence during the whole service, never raising his 
 eyes from the floor. This excitable person, witnessing his down- 
 cast looks, went to him, and placing his hand upon his shoulder, 
 said: ''Well, Captain, what do you think?" Raising his eyes for 
 the first time, and looking square at the questioner, he replied: 
 "Think! Why, I think a steady helm is best in a storm! " 
 
 WATEE-COUESES. 
 
 This township is well watered by the Huron river, Mill creek. 
 Honey, and their tributaries. The Huron river, in its serpentine 
 course, flows through the two northern tiers of sections, and is 
 crossed by the Michigan Central railroad six times in the township. 
 As noticed in detail elsewhere, the water-power from this river, is 
 well^utilized at Dexter, Delhi, Scio and Farmer's. Mill creek enters 
 this township on section 18, and runs almost due north through sec- 
 tions 7 and 6, emptying into the Huron river at the village of Dex- 
 ter. Honey creek, with its numerous small tributaries aff'ords 
 excellent privileges for stock purposes. 
 
 The following very graphic description of Honey creek valley was 
 written for this work by J. W. Wing: 
 
 In this township, and about midway between the city of Ann Ar- 
 bor and the village of Dexter, is situated the beautiful and pictur- 
 esque little valley of Honey creek. On either side its banks are 
 natural meadows that look very bright and beautiful in the sum- 
 mer time, and where large quantities of hay are annually secured 
 
 49 
 
824 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 for the wintering of stock. Beyond the natural meadows, the land 
 is very productive, especially on the northwest side of the stream. 
 On the southeast side the land is sandy, and was originally covered 
 with yellow and black oak timber, but on the northwest side of the 
 stream the soil is a deep, rich, gravelly loam, and was originally com- 
 paratively free from timber, but there were many fine specimens of 
 burr-oak and white oak to be found. 
 
 The stream itself is not large, but very beautiful. It is fed by 
 numerous large springs, nearly all of which are in the township of 
 Scio, and the water is so clear that the smallest fish can be dis- 
 tinctly seen as it glides over its pebbly bottom. It being fed by 
 large springs so near at hand it seldom ever freezes over in winter, 
 and is so cold in summer that it is used by the haymakers to quench 
 their thirst while they are securing the crops that grow upon its 
 banks. For many years after the first settlement of this county it 
 was quite common to find in this little stream large fish that had 
 found their way up from the Huron river, but when the Central 
 railroad was built it was found necessary to place a large embank- 
 ment at the mouth of this stream, and it greatly obstructed the free 
 passage of large fish to its source, and now we seldom find any in its 
 waters that weigh more than a pound or two. This stream derived 
 its name from the large number of bees and bee-trees that were 
 found in its immediate vicinity, when it was first settled by the 
 whites. 
 
 The plains for several miles up and down the stream on 
 either side before they were disturbed by man were one vast flower 
 bed during the summer season, which made a happy hunting 
 ground and a fine field for iaborfor these little industrious and far- 
 seeing creatures, and it is said upon good authority that single trees 
 were found in that locality by the early settlers from which were 
 taken more than 300 pounds of honey; and those containing from 
 100 to 150 were quite common. These acquisitions to the stores of 
 the pioneers were of great benefit to them, for fruit was scarce and 
 sugar dear; but nature seemed to have prepared this portion of the 
 State, and especially this little valley, for the settlement of civilized 
 man in a pre-eminent degree. The natural meadows furnished hay 
 for their stock; the deer that roamed plentifully over the plains, 
 and the fish that were numerous in the streams furnished them 
 with provisions; cranberries were obtained from the native mead- 
 ows, and honey from the flower beds was stored awav in the trees 
 of the forest, apparently waiting their coming. 
 
 The land in this valley was mostly located by the pioneers in the 
 year 1826-'7. They have nearly all passed away. There are a few 
 yet remaining — J. W. Wing, Geo. A. Peters, Eobert Popkins, and 
 Mrs. Samuel Holmes, all of whom removed to this locality with 
 their parents when they were very young. 
 
 The people of this neighborhood for some years after settlement 
 here went to a French settlement on the Eouge river for fruit. 
 Three or four of tlie neighbors would club in and go with their 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 825 
 
 teams for apples and begone some days. The children were so 
 anxious for the return of their parents with the rare fruit that they 
 often went two or three miles to meet them. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school-honse was of logs, and was erected in 1829, on 
 section li, and was known as the Arnold school-house. Here 
 assembled the boys and girls for many miles around, and were 
 drilled in the rudiments of a common-school education. As the 
 country became settled other school-houses were erected and dis- 
 tricts organized and re-organized to suit the conveniences of the 
 patrons of the schools. At the present time there are nine whole 
 and fractional districts in the township. 
 
 MILLS. 
 
 Mill interests in the early history of the county were considered 
 of much greater importance than at present. The easy communi- 
 cation between neighborhoods, towns and cities by means of the 
 railroad has revolutionized almost everything, but nothing more 
 than that of transforming the grain into flour or meal. To the early 
 settler one of the most important items in his calculations was the 
 grinding of his grain. There were no steam mills then, and a site 
 for a water mill was an important thing. The pioneers were all 
 poor, and, although mill sites might have been plenty, they could 
 not improve them, therefore numerous devices were invented to 
 convert wheat and corn into bread. A few were possessed of hand- 
 mills not greatly unlike those in use some thousands of years ago, 
 and to which allusion is made in the Bible (Matt, xxiv: 41): "Two 
 women shall be grinding at the mill," etc. The first mill in Scio 
 was that of Judge Dexter, at the village of Dexter. This mill was 
 followed in due time by one at Scio, two at Delhi and one below 
 Delhi, in Scio, known as Osborne's mill. 
 
 PATEONS OF HUSBANDET. 
 
 Scio Orange, 329, P. of E. — This grange was organized by L. 
 E. Brown, March 12, 1874, and has had a very flourishing existence. 
 Those composing its charter members were Sampson Parker, Daniel 
 Lyon, Geo. A. {"eters, Wm. C. Foster, Jacob Tremper, George E. 
 Peters, Albert Tremper, Arthur S. Lyon, Harvy Allmendinger, 
 Henry E. Peters, Frank Linten, Eichard Lebbs, Tobias Holmes, 
 JohnH. Haines, George Sebolt, Charles Dixon, Israel Kuhnle, 
 James M. Hill, David Allmendinger, George Allmendinger, James 
 W. Wing, August Sebolt, Samuel W. Holmes, Mrs. Geo. A. Peters, 
 Mrs. William C. Foster, Mrs. Albert Tremper, Mrs. Harry Allmen- 
 dinger, Mrs. Henry E. Peters, Miss Bell Holmes, Mrs. Charles 
 Dixon, Mrs. Israel Kuhnle, Mrs. James M. Hill, Mrs. George 
 Sebolt, Mrs. Samuel W. Holmes — in all 34. Its first oflicers were 
 Tobias Holmes, Master; Sampson Parker, Overseer; James W. 
 
826 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Wing, Lecturer; Arthur T. Lyon, Steward; Samuel "W. Holmes 
 Assistant Steward; Daniel Lyon, Chaplain ; Israel Kuhnle, Trea- 
 surer; George A. Peters, Secretary'; Henry Allmendinger, Gate 
 Keeper; Mrs. George A. Peters, Ceres; Mrs. Charles Dixon, Flora; 
 Mrs. James M. Hill, Pomona; Mrs. Tobias Holmes, Lady Assist- 
 ant Steward. Present officers: David M. Finley, Master; Arthur 
 S. Lyon, Overseer; James W. Wing, Lecturer; Tobias Holmes, 
 Steward; Charles Dixon, Asst. Steward; Mrs. Tobias Holmes, 
 Chaplain; Daniel Lyon. Treasurer; George A. Peters, Secretary; 
 Harvey Allmendinger, Gate-keeper; Mrs. Charles Dixon, Ceres; 
 Mrs. Harvey Allmendinger,Pomoria; Mrs. Foster Litchfield, Flora; 
 Mrs. George A. Peters, Lady Assistant Steward. 
 
 Since its organization 26 members have been added, making a 
 total of 60. Of this number one-half have withdrawn or have been 
 suspended, leaving its present membership 30. Of those with- 
 drawn, the most of them have removed from the vicinity. Those 
 holding the position of masters since organization have been Tobias 
 Holmes, Sampson Parker, James W. Wing, George A. Peters, 
 Foster Litchfield, A. Y. Case and Daniel Lyon. In relation to this 
 grange a member thus writes: "The grange in this locality has 
 had a very favorable influence upon its members, and we think that 
 influence has extended to many outside the order. It has shown 
 the farmer the importance and necessity of system and science in 
 his business, it has made him a thinker, it has enlarged his views, 
 it has developed his talents, aroused his social nature, made him 
 bettor morally, brightened his life and beautified his home, 
 increased his income, kept his boys and girls on the farm, and 
 has given him that honored place among men to which his intelli- 
 gence and the importance of his vocation justly entitles him." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 In consequence of the loss by fire of the early records of the 
 town, a complete list of its officers is not obtainable. The follow- 
 ing comprises the list of supervisors, clerks, treasurers, justices of 
 the peace and school inspectors since 1843: 
 
 8UPEEVIBOES. 
 
 Benjamin W. Waile 1843 
 
 Norman A. Phelps 1844 
 
 Benj amin W. Waite 1845-46 
 
 Nelson Mosher 1847 
 
 Benjamin W. Waite 1848 
 
 Jacob A. Polhemus 1849 
 
 Benjamin W. Waite 1850 
 
 Jacob A. Polbemus 1851 
 
 Samuel P. Foster 1853 
 
 Abraham Vandermark 1853 
 
 William Burnett 1854 
 
 Charles S. Gregory 1855 
 
 William Bennett 1856 
 
 Charles S. Gregory 1857 
 
 David M. Finley 1858 
 
 Charles S. Gregory 1859 
 
 Stephen G. Johnson 1860 
 
 Luther Palmer 1861 
 
 Stephen G. Johnson 1862 
 
 Luther Palmer 1863 
 
 Patrick Tuomy 1864r-65 
 
 John L. Smith 1866 
 
 Patrick Tuomy 1867 
 
 John L. Smith 1868 
 
 Henry E. Peters 1869-70 
 
 Patrick Tuomy 1871-73 
 
 Samuel W. Holmes 1874 
 
 Stephen G Johnson 1875-76 
 
 Patrick McGuinness 1877-78 
 
 Jacob Jedele, jr 1879 
 
 John L. Smith 1880 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 8'^r 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 Alexander D. Crane 1843-44 
 
 Lorenzo M. Lyon 1845 
 
 Truman P. Stickney 1846 
 
 Gan-a B. Noble 1847 
 
 John Grossman 1848 
 
 Nelson Mosher 1849 
 
 Hamilton Rogers 1850 
 
 Sylvester Hand 1851 
 
 Lorenzo M. Lyon 1852 
 
 George L. McAllister 185B 
 
 William Dowlman 1854 
 
 Frederick Carlisle 1855 
 
 Charles H. Town 1856 
 
 Alfred Beal 1857 
 
 John Costello 1858-59 
 
 William G. Shrig 1860 
 
 Louis W. Briggs 1861 
 
 Keiran Costello 1862 
 
 John Croarkin 1863 
 
 Keiran Costello 1864 
 
 George S. Sill 1865-66 
 
 AmosGray 1867 
 
 W. Irving Keal 1868 
 
 Nathan H. Miller 1869 
 
 Michael Seevy 1870 
 
 Edward E. Appleton 1871-73 
 
 W. Irving Keal 1874^75 
 
 Volney H. Potter 1877-80 
 
 TKEASUKEES. 
 
 Jacob A. Polhemus 1843 
 
 Gilbert Blood 1844 
 
 Hiram Ai-nold 1845 
 
 Tim. M. Palmer 1846 
 
 Albert Guest 1847 
 
 Hamilton Rogers 1848 
 
 Charles S. Gregoiy 1849 
 
 Timothy Tuomy 1850 
 
 William Popkins 1851 
 
 Christopher C. Waite 1852 
 
 Lewis Clarke 1853 
 
 Tim, W. Palmer 1854 
 
 William D. Briggs 1855 
 
 Joseph Croman -1856 
 
 James R. Rood 1857 
 
 William April 1858 
 
 James W. Hicks, jr 1859 
 
 J. Gotlieb Laubeugayer 1860 
 
 Andrew J. Haven 1861 
 
 William April 1862 
 
 Jacob J. Jedele 1863 
 
 Edward Moore 1864 
 
 John G. Miller 1865 
 
 William Eaman 1866 
 
 Michael Meiner 1867 
 
 Nathan Keith 1868 
 
 A. W. Gleason 1869 
 
 Christopher S. Bilby 1870-71 
 
 Christian Rehm 1872 
 
 Jesse O, Hoyt 1873-74 
 
 James Page 1875 
 
 Jacob Jedele, jr 1878 
 
 Byron C. Whitaker 1879 
 
 Harvey D. Allmendinger 1880 
 
 SCHOOL INSPECTORS. 
 
 Lorenzo M. Lyon 1843 
 
 Amos Gray 1844 
 
 Aaron M. Nash 1845 
 
 Amos Gray 1846 
 
 Aaron M. Nash 1847 
 
 AmosGray 1848 
 
 Lorenzo M. Lyon 1849 
 
 Robert P. Popkins 1850 
 
 Lorenzo M. Lyon 1851 
 
 Robert P. Popkins 1852 
 
 William B. Case 1853 
 
 John Pacey 1854 
 
 William B. Case 1855 
 
 David M. Finley 1856 
 
 Charles H. Town 1857 
 
 John S. Pacey 1858 
 
 Charles S. Gregory 1858 
 
 Lorenzo M. Lyon 1859 
 
 Henry P. Arnold 1860 
 
 Homer P. Finley 1861 
 
 John L. Curtiss 1863 
 
 John S. Pacey 1863 
 
 John C. Pacey 1863 
 
 Charles Goodwin 1864 
 
 John S. Pacey 1865 
 
 Charles' Goodwin 1866 
 
 Henry E. Peters 1867 
 
 Levi P. Wasson 1868 
 
 John S. Pacey 1869 
 
 William Buss 1870 
 
 John S. Pacey 1871 
 
 William Beers 1872 
 
 John S. Pacey 1878 
 
 Jacob J. Jedele 1874-75 
 
 Wm. F. Buss 1878-9 
 
 AndrewT. Hughes 1880 
 
828 
 
 HISTOEY OF ■WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Victor M. Bostwick 1843 
 
 William Burnett 1844 
 
 George P. Page 1845 
 
 James McMahon 1846 
 
 Abraham Vandermark 1847 
 
 Tim. M. Palmer 1848 
 
 Alexander B. Crane 1849 
 
 James McMahon 1850 
 
 John G.Morse 1851 
 
 James W. Wing 1852 
 
 George P. Page . .1853 
 
 William S. Martin 1854 
 
 James B. Foster 1855 
 
 James W. Wing 1856 
 
 Rufus Knight 1856 
 
 George P. Page 1857 
 
 Charles H. Jeflries 1858 
 
 Rufus Knight 1859 
 
 Matthew Andrews 1860 
 
 Volney H. Potter 1861 
 
 John B. Dow 1861-63 
 
 George P.Page 1863 
 
 Norman C. Goodie 1863 
 
 Comstock F. Hill 1864 
 
 Israel Bailey 1865 
 
 George P. Page 1866 
 
 Rufus Knight 1867 
 
 John S. Pacey 1868 
 
 Nelson Chamberlain 1869 
 
 Israel Bailey 1870 
 
 George P. Page 1871 
 
 William April 1872 
 
 Jeremiah F. Sullivan 1873 
 
 Edward E. Appleton 1874 
 
 Franklin R. Copeland 1875 
 
 George A. Peters 1876 
 
 George P.Page 1878 
 
 Peter Tuite 1879 
 
 John Hughes 1880 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 There are eight cemeteries in the towrijknown as the Dexter, Scio, 
 Popkins, Catholic, Phelps, Luthei-an, Methodist and Alhnbndinger 
 cemeteries. 
 
 The record of Scio in the Rebellion is a subject of pride. Every 
 quota was filled without resort to draft or the issuing of bonds by 
 the township to pay bounties. 
 
 From the various railroad stations in this township, the following 
 shipments were made in 1880: Delhi Mills, flour, 41,000 barrels; 
 Osborne's Mills, flour, 9,425 barrels; Osborne's Mills, wheat, 6,500 
 bushels; Dexter Mills, wheat, 111,200 bushels; Dexter Mills, flour, 
 11,000 barrels. 
 
 The township of Scio contains one incorporated and two unincor- 
 porated villages — Dexter, Delhi and Scio, of each of which special 
 mention is made in connection. 
 
 VILLAGE OF DEXTER. 
 
 The village of Dexter is located on the two northwestern sections 
 of the township of Scio, within a semi-circle formed by Mill creek 
 on the west and the Huron on the north and east. Its location is 
 picturesque. Stretching from the plateau on the south to the river 
 bank, it exhibits, as it were, its numerous and beautiful churches, 
 large school-buildings, comfortable residences, and well built busi- 
 ness houses to the thousands of travelers who pass onward by the 
 M. C. P. P. The land on which it is located was purchased by 
 Samuel W. Dexter, in 1824, but the village was not laid out and 
 platted until the summer of 1^30, though previous to this time 
 several families had settled here, among whom, in addition to Mr. 
 Dexter's family, were Dr. Cyril Nichols, Samuel W. Foster, A. D. 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 829 
 
 Crane, and one or two others. Judge Crane thus speaks of his ad- 
 vent io the village: 
 
 "March 1, 1830, I came here with my wife, to whom I had been 
 married but a few days, and I have resided here ever since. When 
 I came I found here as residents of this village, Hon. Samuel W. 
 Dexter, Dr. Cyril Nichols, and Samuel "W. Foster, who, with their 
 families, constituted the whole of the village, and their dwellings 
 were the only dwellings upon the village plat at that time. Judge 
 Dexter had been here a few years, and then owned a large tract of 
 land, and had erected a grist and saw-mill on Mill creek. The grist- 
 mill stood where J. H. Evarts & Co.'s flouring mill now stands, and 
 the saw-mill stood on the opposite side of the creek. John A. 
 Conaway and his father then lived in the log house on the rise of 
 ground beyond the saw-mill, where Dennis "Warner's farm house 
 now stands. They kept a tavern there, and that was the only tav- 
 ern west of Ann Arbor anywhere in this region of country." 
 
 Of the three heads of families mentioned by Judge Crane, Judge 
 Dexter has long since passed to his reward. A sketch of him will 
 be found among the " Noted Dead." Dr. Nichols erected a house 
 on the west side of the river, near where the bridge has since been 
 built. He was a man of considerable intelligence, was very popu- 
 lar among all classes, and had an extensive practice throughout the 
 whole region of country for many miles north, south and west of 
 Dexter. He was a native of Vermont, and immigrated to Michi- 
 gan at a very early day, and settled in this village in 1826. He 
 died in 1843. Mr. Foster was a native of Rhode Island, and was a 
 miller by profession. He was employed some years by Mr. Dex- 
 ter, bat finally removed and laid out the village of Scio, erected here 
 a mill, which he ran for a time, then sold out and erected another 
 mill at Foster's Station. Not being as successful as he anticipated, 
 he again sold out, and when the first great stream of emigrants 
 passed over the plains to California, he accompanied them, and 
 when within sight of the Golden Gate, he was called to his final re- 
 ward. 
 
 The first store was opened in the fall of 1830 by Charles P. Cow- 
 den, and the second merchant was Nelson H. Wing, who embarked 
 in business here in the spring of 1831. William C. Pease was the 
 next to select Dexter for a business location, while the fourth mer- 
 chant was Richard Brower. Dennis Warner began business in 
 1843, as a boot and shoe manufacturer, his business gradually in- 
 creasing until he finally employed 14 hands. He then commenced 
 the business of a general merchant, continuing in the same until 
 1866, when he disposed of his stock. Rice A. Beal established him- 
 self here in 184Y, and carried on a successful business until 1865, 
 when he sold out and removed to Ann Arbor. Since that time 
 many others have come and gone, some doing well, others not. 
 
 At present the village mercantile business is represented by the 
 following firms: 
 
830 HISTOET OF WASBTENAW OOUNIT. 
 
 Frederick Yager, grocer and baker, and dealer in liquors, Ann 
 Arbor street; R. J. Langdon, dealer in sewing-machines; John 
 Dolan, dealer in groceries, liquors and provisions, established in 
 1869; W. W. Waite, drugs, stationery and tobacco; Joe. T. Jacobs, 
 eiothing, gents' furnishing goods, hats and caps, established May, 
 1880; Tuomey Bros., dealers in general merchandise; Gr. C. Sill, 
 dealer in hardware, tin shop in connection, established in 1861; 
 John Croarkin, dealer in general merchandise, established in 1857; 
 P. Fitzsimmons, tobacco and liquors, established in 1878; G. Wall, 
 groceries, crockery, boots and shoes, established in 1865; J. H. 
 Devine & Son, dealers in agricultural implements; J. 0. R. Day, 
 tinware and hardware. Main street; B. J. Sutton, jeweler, and 
 dealer in watches, clocks and musical instruments, established in 
 1875; W. Irving Keal, druggist, and dealer in patent medicines 
 and toilet articles; Ball & Hoyt, boots, shoes and groceries; T. C. 
 Etchells, general merchandise, No. 5 Phoenix block; S. W. Mur- 
 dock, jeweler, with Etchells; John Costello, boots, shoes, groceries 
 and furniture; B. Alley, dry goods, groceries and crockery, corner 
 Main and B streets; W. F. Schlanderer, dealer in tobacco and liq- 
 uors; Jacob Eehm, boots and shoes, general repairing, established in 
 1869; Warner & Whitaker, dealers in lumber and agricultural 
 implements, near depot. 
 
 OTHEE BUSINESS. 
 
 In addition to the business of Dexter mentioned under the sev- 
 eral heads, the place is represented by J. W. Jones, J. T. Forchue, 
 and Benjamin Roper, barbers; "Norman E. Allen, photographer; 
 T. S. Ewing, dentist; J. Schueherle and Emanuel Jedele, meat 
 markets. The hotels are conducted by David Blanchard, who is 
 the landlord of " Dexter Exchange; " 0. W. Guest, Western Hotel; 
 Henry Stebbins, Eureka Hotel; James R. Joyner, Franklin Hotel. 
 
 PEOFESSIONAL. 
 
 ISTo village is complete without its professional men — physicians 
 to cure the sick, and lawyers to settle disputes. 
 
 Physicians. — The first to minister to the afflicted in this place 
 was Dr. Cyril Nichols, who settled here in 1826, of whom mention 
 has already been made. Dr. Philip Brigham came next, in 1832; 
 alter two or three years' residence he moved to Ann Arbor, where 
 he afterward died. Dr. Amos Gray was the third physician who 
 located here. He came in 1832, and has been in constant practice 
 ever since. A biographical sketch of the Doctor appears elsewhere 
 in connection with the history of this village, and therefore nothing 
 more need be said in this connection. Dr. Gray was followed by 
 Dr. John H. Cardell some four years after. Dr. Cardell practiced 
 his profession here until his death, wliich occurred in 1842. Dr. 0. 
 A. Jeffries was the next physician. Next after him came Dr. Ew- 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 831 
 
 ing, who died here in 1879. Others of the medical fraternity have 
 practiced their profession in the village and ministered to the sick 
 in its vicinity, among whom were Urs. Hollywood, Dowlman and 
 Clark. At present the profession is represented, in addition to 
 Dr. Gray, by Drs. C. Howell, E. F. Chase, John Lee and W. E. 
 ZiegenfuBS. 
 
 Lawyers. — Its proximity to Ann Arbor has tended to keep out 
 representatives of the legal fraternity. Calvin Smith was the first. 
 Mr. Smith moved to the village in 1830, but did not commence a 
 general practice until two years afterward. He was also the first 
 justice of the peace in the village, and did more in this latter work 
 than in the practice of his profession. In 1838 he was elected a 
 member of the Legislature but died before taking his seat. After 
 Mr. Smith, the next attorney was A. D. Crane, who was admitted 
 to the Bar in 1843. A sketch of Mr. Crane appears elsewhere. 
 James T. Hovey came next in May, 1861, and James Gorman in 
 1879. Messrs. Crane, Plovey and Gorman each are present mem- 
 bers of the Bar of Washtenaw county. 
 
 Dentistry. — The dental profession is represented by T. S. Ewing, 
 D. D. S., and S. L. Jermey, each of whom has a fair patronage. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 There never has been a regularly incorporated bank in this vil- 
 lage. Not even during the days of the famous "wild-cat" banking 
 system were the people of Dexter favored (I) with a bank of issue. 
 There has been, however, from time to time men who engaged in 
 brokerage, accommodating the villagers with exchanges on the 
 large cities and receiving deposits. The first broker's office was 
 established by Rice A. Beal, who continued it a few years and then 
 sold it to George E. Southwick & Co., who in turn disposed of it 
 to C. S. Gregory, N. A. Phelps, and W. H. Potter, who continued 
 the business under the firm name of C. S. Gregory *fc Co. for four 
 years, when Mr. Gregory purchased the interests of his partners. 
 In January, 1877, Mr. Gregory admitted his son, Henry C, into 
 the business, the firm taking the name of C. S. Gregory & Son. 
 The firm are now doing a large and safe business, buying and selling 
 exchange, and doing all business usually done by an incorporated 
 bank. The average deposits are about $40,000. 
 
 MILLS. 
 
 No feature of pioneer life is more indelibly impressed upon the 
 minds of the early settlers, than their early experience in milling. 
 In the formation of a settlement, first came the saw-mill, which 
 was to prepare the lumber for the dwellings of the inhabitants, and 
 also for the more pretentious gristmill that was soon to be erected. 
 Long before Mr. Dexter laid out his village, he built a dam across 
 Mill creek, and on the west side erected a saw-mill which was to 
 
832 HISTORY OF ■WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 be run by the water-power created by the dam. This was the 
 beginning of mills in the western part of the county. Immediately 
 on the completion of the saw-mill he commenced the erection of a 
 grist-mill on the east side of Mill creek, which was completed at 
 an early day, and was a great convenience to all living in the west- 
 ern part of Washtenaw and in Jackson counties .This mill has had 
 a varied existence and has been owned and controlled by a number 
 of parties, among whom were Matthews, Bond & Millard, who suc- 
 ceeded Judge Dexter, Thomas Martin and others. While Mr. 
 Martin was its owner, in 1851, it was destroyed by fire. The mill 
 sitejwas purchased by Thomas Peatt & AlvaAlldridge, who rebuilt 
 the mill. Alldridge ultimately sold out to Peatt's son, who sold 
 to J. H. Evarts & Costello, who controlled it until August, 1880, 
 when it passed into the hands of an assignee and is now run by 
 H. J. Rogers. The mill is a three-story structure, 40x88 feet. Its 
 present business amounts to about 47,000 barrels per year. Its cus- 
 tom work is quite large, as well as its merchant work. The annual 
 shipments to Boston and Detroit are about 10,000 barrels per year. 
 Two grades of flour are made — straight and second. A feed mill is 
 attached which grinds 300 bushels of feed per day. Steam and 
 water-power is used. 
 
 The second grist-mill was erected in 1836, and is known as the 
 " Peninsula Mills." This mill is located over the river from the 
 village in the township of Webster, but is properly a Dexter enter- 
 prise and has been owned and conducted from time to time by 
 citizens of the village. It was built in 1836, by Millard, Matthews 
 & Bond, and afterward passed into the hands of Jesse Millard & 
 son, who ran it until 1855, when it was purchased by Beal, Marble 
 & Southwick, who successfully operated it until 1865, when Charles 
 Williams became its owner. Mr. Williams in a few^ months 
 disposed of it to George E. Southwick. C. S. Gregory & Go. were 
 the next purchasers, in 1868. In 1872, George E. Southwick & Co. 
 became owners, but ran it only about one year. Copeland & 
 Clements came next into possession, and soon after took in as part- 
 ner Mr. Coleman, who, in 1879, disposed of his one- third interest 
 to Mr. Gregory. Mr. Copeland sold his one-third interest in Octo- 
 ber, 1880, to John P. Marble, of Worcester, Massachusetts, while 
 Mr. Gregory sold one-half of his one-third interest to the Clem- 
 ents' estate. The mill is 40x60, three and one-half stories in height 
 and was erected at a cost of $40,000. Six men are employed in the 
 mill. Its capacity is about 200 barrels per day. The mill was 
 rented in August, 1880, to James Lucas. He is at present making 
 large shipments direct to Europe, and has a large patronage in the 
 New England States. 
 
 MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 The manufactories of the village, though not extensive, are yet 
 creditable to the place. The grist-mills have already been men- 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 833 
 
 tioned. Next comes the woolen mill of Luther Palmer & Son. 
 This mill was erected in 1838, by Jesse Millard & Son, who oper- 
 ated it some 12 years, when it was sold to Kice A. Beal & Co., who 
 ran it a few years and then sold it to Thompson & Palmer, who 
 remained in partnership one year, when Mr. Palmer became the 
 soleowner. This was in 1869. In 1879' Mr. Palmer took his son 
 into partnership with him, the firm name being changed to Luther 
 Palmer & Son. The mill has 216 spindles, is run by water-power, 
 and uses about 10,000 pounds of wool annually. Of stocking yarn, 
 3,000 pounds are manufactured each year, the rest of the wool being 
 woven into blankets and satinets. The firm has at present a con- 
 tract for manufacturing for the State's prison at Jackson. The sales 
 of the mill are about $10,000 per year. Six hands are constantly 
 employed, which is increased in busy seasons to 12. The mill is 26 
 x42, three and one-half stories high. 
 
 Run by the same power with the woolen, is a saw-mill, which 
 was erected at the same time by the same men and has successively 
 passed into the hands of the purchasers of the woolen mill. The 
 general use of pine lumber has aifected the work of this mill for 
 many years, and but little is being done, it running only about 
 two months in the year. 
 
 A cider and planing mill was erected in 1871 by Phelps and 
 Sill Bros., but was burned down four years after. The ground was 
 then sold to B. B. Williams, w'ho erected and commenced operat- 
 ing a planing-mill. The mannfacturer of sash, doors, farm rollers 
 and moldings was carried on, while the cider mill was not rebuilt. 
 
 Albert Guest, in 1840, commenced the manufacture of harness 
 in this village, and has been in successful operation to the present 
 time. 
 
 In 1876, Bross, Crampton & Miller commenced the manufacture 
 of wagons and carriages, in connection with a general repairing 
 shop. In a short time Mr. Bross retired from {he firm, his inter- 
 est being purchased by his partners, who continued the business 
 until September, 1879, when Mr. Miller disposed of his interest to 
 Mr. Rieder. The firm employ seven hands, and in 1879 made 3 1 
 carriages. The average sales of the firm are $7,000 per year. The 
 building occupied by them is 40x60, and three stories in height. 
 ' John Bross also commenced tiie manufacture of wagons and car- 
 riages in 1876, and is at present actively employed. 
 
 A cooper shop was established as early as 1850, by Alexander 
 Sonler, who carried on business for many jears. He is now in 
 Detroit. The next of any extent was Evarts & Oostello; then a 
 cooper shop was established here in 1870, by Silas Thrasher, who 
 is actively engaged in the manufacture of flour and slack barrels. 
 
 About "the year 1850, Isaac Y. Wakeman built a blast furnace 
 in the village, and carried on a flourishing business for several 
 years. About 1865 he sold out to Hicks & Ludden. In connec- 
 tion with the furnace was a manufactory of agricultural imple- 
 
834 HISTOBT OF WASHTENAW OODNTY. 
 
 ments, employing quite a large number of hands. It was|^finally 
 destroyed by lire, about the year 1870. ^-^ 
 
 In 1880 there was erected by Charles Caldwell a fruit-drying 
 establishment on A street. This is in active operation during the 
 fruit season, employing 10 to 15 hands, and is quite an important 
 acquisition to the business of Dexter. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 In the early day almost every pioneer had to throw open his 
 doors and welcome the tired traveler, but as the stream of immi- 
 gration enlarged and settlements were formed, some one whose 
 cabin was a little larger, or who desired to turn an honest penny, 
 was designated as the inn-keeper, to whom all travelers were 
 directed. 
 
 The first hotel in the village was built by Edward Torrey for 
 Judge Dexter in 1831. There was, however, a tavern kept by 
 John A. Conaway, on the west side of Mill creek, in a log house. 
 Prior to this, Mr. Torrey gave the building over to Joseph Arnold, 
 who was the landlord for some time, when he gave way to Eichard 
 Brower. Captain James B. Arms was the next landlord. Several 
 others besides those mentioned " kept hotel " until it finally passed 
 into the hands of Nelson J. Allport, during whose occupancy it 
 was destroyed by fire. This was the only hotel in the village for 
 many years. The next hotel was that of Nathaniel Goss, which 
 stood on the lot now occupied by N. E. Allen, on block 20. This 
 hotel was also destroyed by fire, in 1836. Following this was the 
 Goodrich House, also burned, in 1848. The next was built by 
 Hiram E. Fields, on a lot east of the park. Another hotel, known 
 as the " Bentley House,'" was destroyed by fire in 1863. Other 
 houses of entertainment have been opened, run for awhile and 
 closed. In this year of grace, 1881, the village is represented by 
 four hotels — The Dexter Exchange, by E. B. Blanchard; the 
 Weston Hotel, by Charles M. Guest, opened in 18T3; and the 
 Eureka House, by H. Stebbins, opened in May, 1880, and the 
 Franklin House, opposite the railroad depot, kept by James R. 
 Joyner. 
 
 FIRST THINGS. 
 
 The first blacksmith in the village was A. D. Crane, who' opened 
 a shop in 1830. 
 
 George P. Page was the first tailor, in 183-. 
 
 Cornelius Osterhout was the first carpenter who worked in the 
 place, while Edward Torrey was the first resident carpenter. He 
 came to the village to reside in 1831. 
 
 Erastus Ranney was the first wagon-maker, in 1830. 
 
 Orin J. Field was the first shoemaker, in 1832. 
 
 Henry Vinkle was the first cabinet-maker, in 1832. 
 
 •Tnlius Ranney was the first tanner, about 1834 or 1835. 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 835 
 
 ADVENT OF THE RAILROAD. 
 
 No event in the history of a village is longer remembered than 
 the advent of the first train of cars. Says Judge Crane, in a well 
 written article on the village of Dexter: 
 
 "The 4th day of July, 1841, was a day long to be remembered 
 by the people of Dexter. Early in the morning of that day the 
 people of the surrounding country came pouring into the village on 
 foot, on horseback, in carriages and wagons, not only to celebrate 
 the anniversary of the nation's birthday, but at the same time to 
 celebrate the completion to our village of the Michigan Central 
 railroad. By nine o'clock in the forenoon a large concourse of peo- 
 ple had assembled at the depot, awaiting the arrival of the cars, 
 which were to bring the visitors from Ann Arbor and other east- 
 ern villages along the line of the road. We had but a few minutes 
 to wait before the shrill whistle of the iron horse was heard, and 
 instantly the train came in its grandeur and majesty around the 
 curve into full view, and thundered up to the depot, when the air 
 was filled with loud huzzas and shouts of welcome, and everybody 
 was happy. The train brought a large delegration of visitors from 
 the East, and as soon as it was stopped, the Washtenaw Guards (who 
 were invited guests), about 50 strong, filed out of the cars and into 
 line under command of their gallant Captain, E. S. Cobb, who lost 
 his life on the ill-fated steamer Erie, early in the following 
 August. The guards were handsomely equipped, well disciplined 
 and made a fine appearance. After marching to the bank of the 
 river, near the bridge, where th^y fired a fue dejoie, the Captain 
 placed himself and company under the orders of the marshal of the 
 day, when a grand procession was formed, and, escorted by the 
 Guards and their band, marched to the place appointed for the 
 exercises of the day and the occasion. Here they were welcomed 
 by an eloquent and stirring speech from our much esteemed friend 
 and neighbor, Hon. Samuel W. Dexter, which was responded to 
 by Franklin Sawyer, of Ann Arbor. The Kev. Lorenzo Davis 
 was the chief orator of the day, and gave us a very fine oration, 
 suited to the day and the occasion. 
 
 " On this day everything was harmonious, and everybody was 
 happy and joyful, for we had been placed in communication by rail 
 with the city of Detroit, which communication was soon to be com- 
 pleted through Canada to the Eastern States. The day passed off 
 without accident, or anything to mar our happiness. The Washte- 
 naw Guards remained with us over night, having brought their 
 camp equipage with them for that purpose, and camped on the 
 open space which now constitutes the village park, where they es- 
 tablished a regular military camp. After guard mounting in the 
 evening, the citizens were invited by Captain Cobb to visit the 
 camp and witness the routine of camp duty. If I may be pardoned 
 for so doing, I will mention one or two incidents that occurred 
 to the Guards during the night. In the middle of the night, when 
 
236 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 all the citizens were at their repose, one of the sentinels discovered 
 fire issuing from an ash-house, which was contiguons to a very fine 
 dwelling near the camp; and considering the dwelling to be in dan- 
 ger, the sentinel gave the alarm to the Guards, whereupon the oflS- 
 cers ordered a squad of men to repair to the fire with their camp 
 pails and extinguish it. The men at once repaired to the well of 
 the man on whose premises was the fire, but found the bucket 
 locked, so they could get no water. Their efforts to obtain water 
 aroused the man of the house, who raised his window and peremp- 
 torily ordered them off his premises; but the Guards, not willing to 
 let the fire go unextinguished, went with their pails a distance of 
 twenty rods or more, to a well where the bucket was not locked, and 
 procured a sufficiency ot water and extinguished the fire, thus sav- 
 ing the citizen's property from destruction. 
 
 "Along in the after part of the night some of the guards came to 
 the conclusion a little milk punch was quite desirable, and that they 
 could procure the requisite milk from some of the village cows that 
 were lying on the green; so one of their number was detailed to 
 go on a foraging excursion for milk, and taking his camp pail he 
 started forth ; but the next question was, how to pass the guard, as 
 he was not in possession of the countersign, and the sentinel had 
 not been let into the secret of the enterprise. But, nothing daunted, 
 he approached one of the sentinels on duty, who hailed, ' Halt! 
 who comes there?' 'A friend.' 'Friend, advance and give the 
 countersign.' He advanced to the point of the sentinel's bayonet, 
 and holding up the camp pail to the sentinel, he said, ' So, bossy, 
 so! ' which was received by the sentinel as the countersign, and he 
 passed without the line and went and found one or more cows, to 
 which he gave the same countersign, procured his pail full of milk 
 and returned to the same sentinel, and by the same token passed 
 within the line. The boys had a good time with their milk punch, 
 not forgetting the sentinel who had accepted the countersign." 
 
 FIEES. 
 
 The first building that was ever burned in the village was a dwell- 
 ing house, built and owned by Calvin Smith. It stood where the 
 house of jSTorman A. Phelps now stands, and was then owned and 
 occupied by Thomas Martin. This occurred about 1837 or '8. 
 Since that time Dexter has had more than its share of destruction 
 from the devouring element. Four hotels have been consumed and 
 innumerable other buildings. The first great fire occurred on Sun- 
 day, Nov. 24, 1844, where a block of 12 buildings, on the north 
 side of Main street, was totally destroyed, the loss being estimated 
 at about $30,000. A singular thing in connection with this fire was 
 that a rumor was current in Ann Arbor, and also at a village west 
 of Dexter, on Saturday noon previous, that this block was burned, 
 and that the fire originated in Henry Tinkle's cabinet shop, the 
 place where the fire did eventually begin. 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 837 
 
 The block was rebuilt and again burned in 1848. The loss by 
 this fire was heavier than in the first, the buildings all being of 
 a better character. Dennis Warner liad a very narrow escape from 
 being burned in this fire. He was sleeping in the upper story of 
 his store room when the fire broke out. When awakened the lower 
 part was in flames, and all escape cut oflF. Raising a window, he 
 threw out a chest of valuable papers, and then jumped out, thus 
 saving his life. 
 
 Again, for the third time this block was partially destroyed by 
 tire, in April, 1877. Five fine brick buildings were destroyed, the 
 loss being estimated at $20,000. 
 
 The south side of the street began its series of fires in 1847, de- 
 stroying three buildings. The loss was small. 
 
 On the 2d day of February, 1860, two buildings were burned, 
 including the old Dexter Hotel. 
 
 The third fire was on Christmas morning, 1866, with a heavier 
 loss than on either of the previous occasions. 
 
 In addition to these fires innumerable smaller ones have occurred, 
 including the building where the planing-mill now stands. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The village of Dexter, and its immediate vicinity, was first set- 
 tled by those who appreciated the value of an education. As soon, 
 therefore, as a suflicient number of children were in the neighbor- 
 hood to form a school, a suitable building was erected and a school 
 commenced. This was iii 1830, and the building was on B street, 
 near where the Baptist church now stands. It was a small frame, 
 and for some years was used for religious services by all denomina- 
 tions of Christians, and also for all public gatherings. A Mr. 
 Gleason was the first teacher. This house did good service until 
 1843, when it was replaced by a larger and better edifice of brick. 
 As the village grew, this, in turn, became too small to accommodate 
 the pupils, so, in 1857, the present substantial Union school building 
 was erected at a cost of about $10,000. This house is 40x60, three 
 stories high, with six rooms. As soon as the building was ready for 
 occupancy, the graded system of public schools was adopted. Prof. 
 Lawton, in 1857, was the first principal. Since then the school has 
 been under the following principals: Duane Doty, Messrs. Thomas, 
 Bowen, Crouch, Davis, Miss Alvord, Messrs. Kratz, Field, Hill 
 and Cook, the present incumbent. 
 
 KELIGIOOS. 
 
 The first citizens of Dexter and vicinity were a God-fearing and 
 Ood-loving people, and the pioneer ministers of the gospel were 
 welcome at all times. Holding diiferent religious views, an agree- 
 ment could not be reached at once for the formation of a Church. 
 
838 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The Baptists and Methodists early occupied the field, the former 
 organizing the first Church. 
 
 Baptist Church. — This church was organized August Iti, 1831, 
 by Elder E. Carpenter, who had been preaching at stated periods 
 in the vicinity for more than a year. The constituent members of 
 the Church were Elder Eber Carpeiiter and wife, David Layton, 
 Joshua Secord, William Youmans, David Case, John Hancock, 
 William Lennon, Lydia Secord, Mrs. Putnam, Catherine Case, 
 Hannah Hancock, Esther Quackenbush, Amanda Hurd, Anna 
 Force, Catherine Clements. The congregation worshiped for sev- 
 eral years in the school-house, and in private houses. In 1840 
 they erected their first house of worship and dedicated it to the ser- 
 vice of Almighty God in the month of June, 1840. This house 
 was a small frame structure 24x36, and was used until 1866, when, 
 becoming too small for this growing congregation, it was replaced 
 bj' a handsome brick edifice, erected at a cost of $5,000, and dedi- 
 cated in May, 1866, Elder F. Curtis preaching the dedicatory ser- 
 mon. During the existence of the Church a number of precious 
 revivals have been held, the Church being greatly strengthened 
 thereby. The greatest degree of prosperity was enjoyed by the 
 Church during the pastorate of Elder Baker. The foliovdng named 
 have served as pastors: Revs. Eber'Carpenter, William A. Bron- 
 son, George Walker, James Piper, Stephen Yocum, Edward Tenny, 
 Charles Peterson, J. L. Smith, ]^eIsou Eastwood, H. A. Erown, 
 Dr. Wilson, J. C. Baker, H. L. Bower, C. E. B. Armstrong, C. A. 
 Clark, L. L. Gage. The present membership of the Church is 77. 
 The Sunday-school has a membership of 100 average attendance, 
 with A. Y. Case, Superintendent. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal. — Rev. E. H. Pilcher, of the Ohio Con- 
 ference, who was stationed at Tecumseh, preached a sermon in the 
 west room ot Judge Dexter's house in the month of November,. 
 1831. It was proposed to organize a class or society ; this was done, 
 all desiring to do so retiring to the house of Dr. Nichols, where the 
 class was organized. It consisted of 10 persons, two men and eight 
 women. Wm. H. Brockway and John D. Doane were the male 
 members; the first was appointed the leader. Mrs. Allen and her 
 daughter. Miss Allen, Mrs. Kingsley, Mrs. Dunlavey (a warm- 
 hearted Irishwoman) and Miss Eleanor Alexander (who worked for 
 Judge Dexter) are all the names now known. In May, 1832, 
 Evander Cooper (who still lives and is a leader) came, and some- 
 time after, he and his wife, Martha,fjoined the society. In August, 
 1833, Wm. H. Brockway, who had been away teaching school, was 
 recommended to be licensed as a local preacher and also to join the 
 Ohio Annual Conference on trial. He was received and traveled 
 as a minister of the Church for many years. He lives at Albion, 
 and is the agent of the college there. 
 
 The following named have served as pastors of this Church : Henry 
 Colclazer, 1831 ; E. H. Pilcher, 1831-'2; E. S. Gavit, 1832; A. Bill- 
 ings, 1833; A B. Elliott, 1833; H. Colclazer, 1834; A. B. Elliott,. 
 

 % 
 
 .^^/^>^-^-.^^ 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 841 
 
 1834; H.Colclazer,1835; H. Garing, 1835; W. M. Snllivan, 1836; 
 L.Smith, 1836; Richard Laurence, 1837 : Lewis Smith, 1837; Oliver 
 Burgess, 1838; Adam Mimiis, 1839; J.K. Gillett, 1839; Lorenzo 
 Davis, 1840-'l; Resin Sapp, 1842; Hiram M. Roberts, 1843; John 
 A. Banghman, 1844; T. C. Gardner, 1845; W. H. Collins, 1846-'7; 
 John K. Gillett, 1848; Alexander Campbell, 1849; William Kelly, 
 1850-'l; W. P. JTidd, 1852; Robert Bird, 1853-'4; L. D. Price, 
 1855; William Taylor, 1856; Erastus R. Haskell, 1857-'8; John 
 M. Arnold, 1859-'60 ; J. Blanchard, 1861 ; D. C. Jacokes, 1862-'4; 
 A. F. Bonrns, 1866-'6; W. C. Wav, 1867-'9; R. H. Crane, 1870-'l; 
 H. C. Northup, 1873; J. McElwain, 1874; Jacob C. Wortley, 
 1875-'77; L. P. Davis, 1878-'9; W. J. Campbell, 1880. 
 
 Congregational. — This Church was organized Jan. 5, 1836, by 
 Rev. C. G. Clark, as the First Presbyterian Church of Dexter. 
 Those comprising the original organization were: Charles P. Cow- 
 din, David Dutton, Yashti Dutton, Charles M. Smith, Mahitable 
 F. Cowdin, Roxana Whitcomb, Abe Spaulding, Timothy Dutton, 
 Catherine Conklin, Richard Peterson, Elizabeth Peterson, Julia 
 Anw. Tattle, Ann Northam, Dennis, Warner, Harriet JST. Warner, 
 Jerusha T. Baker. Charles P. Cowdin was elected Elder. After 
 the expiration of three years the Church government was changed 
 to that of Congregational, and the body was known as the First 
 Congregational Church of Dexter. The congregation for some 
 years worshiped in private houses, in school-houses, and in a church 
 building fitted up by the Episcopalians, but never consecrated by 
 them. In 1845 a frame church was erected, in size 38x50, at a cost 
 of $2,000. For many years the Church was quite prosperous, but 
 finally, on account of many removals and deaths, those remaining 
 became discouraged, and their church house was sold in 1873, and 
 in 1874, after meeting for a time in Warner's Hall, the organization 
 was disbanded. A total number of 339 members were from first to 
 last enrolled on the Church books. The following named have 
 served as pastors: Revs. H. H. Northrup, William C. Dennison, 
 Gustavus L. Foster, Joel Boyington, G. W. Newcombe, Clark 
 Lockwood, Lewis Bodwell, Robert Robinson, John B. Fiske, E. W. 
 Borden and A. S. Kedzie. 
 
 St. James' {Episcopal) Church. — There is no record kept of 
 the early time of this parish, but from the most reliable sources it 
 is learned that in 1825 Mr. Sylvanus Noble, formerly of New York, 
 came to Dexter, and by his exertions had this place appointed a 
 "missionary station." The first- clergyman of the Church who 
 preached here was Rev. Mr. Cadle, who spent one Sunday here. 
 Then Rev. Mr. Freeman, of Cleveland, Ohio, bought a farm a few 
 miles from Dexter, and occasionally held service and preached to 
 the few Church families here, in the log school-house one mile west 
 of Dexter. Not long after, he leftthe ministry, and removed from 
 the neighborhood ; about this time the Bishop of the Diocese, 
 passing through Dexter, stopped and preached to a few persons 
 hastily gathered together. 
 
 50 
 
842 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 In 1835 Rev. Samuel Marks, missionary at Ann Arbor, came 
 over to Dexter once a fortnight and preached in the village school- 
 house. Mr. Marks brought with him Rev. David J. Burger," who 
 was serving his diaconate as a missionary; Mr. Burger pleased the 
 people so well that they urged him to remain here for a time. St. 
 James' Parish was organized under this Rev. David J. Burger, 
 with the following gentlemen as Vestrymen: Barnabas K. Dibble, 
 Pierrepont L. Smith, Nathaniel Noble, "William A. Jones, Alex- 
 ander D. Crane, Dr. Amos Gray, James Cunningham. 
 
 The tirst persons known to have been baptized here were Barna- 
 bas K. Dibble and Mary Dibble, Aug. 13, 1837, this sacrament be- 
 ing administered by the Rev. David J. Burger. 
 
 Subsequently, the parish was under the charge of the Revs. 
 Darius Barker, M. Hirst and A. S. Hollister. The Rev. Caleb A. 
 Bruce was appointed a missionary in charge of this parish and the 
 parish in Hamburg, Livingston Co., in 1852 or 1853, and remained 
 here till October 1, 1854 when he resigned the position and went to 
 Fort Wayne, Indiana. Under his ministry the present church 
 edifice was commenced, and through his exertions, a considerable 
 portion of the funds for its erection was procured. When he left 
 this parish the building was enclosed, roofed and shingled. He 
 was succeeded by his father, the Rev. Nathaniel F. Bruce, during 
 whose ministry the chnrch edifice was so far completed as to be 
 used by the congregation on all occasions of public worship, preach- 
 ing, and the administration of the sacraments, and the other rites 
 of the Church. The church was opened for divine service on the 
 third Sunday after Trinity, it being also St. John's Day, the 24th 
 of June, 185.5. At the morning service, prayers were said by Rev. 
 Lewis Noble, of Chicago, Illinois, and the sermon was preached by 
 Rev. Nathaniel F. Bruce, from the 93rd Psalm, 5th verse: "Holiness 
 becometli thine House, O Lord, for ever." Evening prayer was 
 said by Rev. Nath. L. Bruce, and an appropriate sermon preached 
 by Rev. Lewis Noble. The congregations were large at both 
 services, notwithstanding a cloudy day and some rain. 
 
 The subsequent rectors of this parish were Rev. William King, 
 Rev. Wm. Kelly, Rev. A. C. Lewis, Rev. V. Spaulding, Rev. 
 Aug. Bush, Rev. O. E. Fuller, and the present rector, Rev. James 
 H. Magofiin. 
 
 Two of the former rectors died while residents here. Rev. Na- 
 thanielF. Bruce, and Rev. Wm. Kelly, the remainsof the latter lying 
 in the village cemetery, those of the former being taken at his own 
 request to a small country grave-yard to whose quiet and restful 
 appearance he had been attracted while performing the rite of 
 burial some time before for a loved parishioner. 
 
 The parish register shows the names of 297 persons baptized, 
 160 confirmed, 178 married and 170 buried. 
 
 The last Annual Report to the Diocesan Convention, June, 1880, 
 shows that there were at that time in this parish 51 families, 
 making a list of parishioners of 186. Of this number 58 are com- 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 843 
 
 mnnicarits holding full membership in the Church. The present 
 value of church property in the parish is reported at $3,500. 
 
 The present vestry of St. James consists of Charles S. Gregory 
 and Jacob Krause, as Wardens, atid Jesse 0. Hoyt, Dr. Charles 
 Howell, John H. Evarts, Lorenzo H. Jones, (Secretary and Treas- 
 urer), George S. Crampton, James McDonald, George Lyon. 
 
 Catholic Church. — The first church of this denomination was 
 erected in Dexter tp., about five miles northwest of Dexter village, 
 in 1840 or 1842, under the superintendence of Father Cullen (now 
 deceased) who was the pastor, and assisted by Father Hennesy, 
 afterward pastor at Marshall, Mich. It was a small frame building, 
 and the congregation was composed of only seven or eight families. 
 The building was shortly after destroyed by fire, and the members, 
 assisted by Father Hennesy, immediately erected another frame 
 building, at a cost of $4,000, on the site ot the present structure at 
 Dexter village. Father J. Pulsers became the first resident pastor, 
 and erected the present pastoral residence. He was succeeded by 
 Eev. J. Yan Jennip, who remained nearly 15 years, and under his 
 administration the present fine brick edifice was erected. He laid 
 the corner-stone, and superintended the erection of the building, 
 although it was completed under the direction of the present pas- 
 tor, flev. T. F. Slattery, who took pastoral charge in August, 1874. 
 The church was dedicated Jan. 3, 1875, by Bishop Borgess, of 
 Detroit. The building when completed cost about $27,000, and is 
 one of the finest in the county. The congregation number nearly 
 600, and are free from debt. 
 
 Rev. T. F. Slattery was born Jan. 27, 1847, in Monsia Parish, 
 county of Tipperary, Ireland, and was the son of Michael and Nora 
 Slattery. He commenced his Latin studies at Ennis, county of 
 Clare, and completed his preparatory course at Ninagh and Hilla- 
 loe. He entered All Hallows College, Dublin, in 1865, where he 
 remained two years. He then came to the U. S., and entered St. 
 Bonaventure College, at Allegany, Cattaraugus Co., IST. Y., gradu- 
 ating from that institution in 1871, aiid Oct. 14 of the same year 
 was ordained a priest tiy Rev. Bishop Borgess, at Monroe, Mich. 
 After ofiiciating for different periods of time, at Bay City, Bunker 
 Hill, Ingham Co., and Detroit, he was appointed to the charge at 
 Dexter, where he has since labored in a faithful and earnest manner. 
 Father Slattery is well respected by all his charge. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Washtenaw Lodge, No. 65, F. & A. M., of Dexter, was organ- 
 ized under dispensation granted to Jesse Millard, W. M., Fred. 
 Carlisle, S. W., and John Crossman, J. W., June 30, 1854. A 
 charter was granted January, 1854, and at its first election the 
 lodge elected Frederick Carlisle, W. M.; John Crossman, S. W.; 
 George W. Hays, J. W.; Osborne Aldrich, Sec; Thomas Peatt, 
 Treas.; H. H. Noble, S. D.; O. M. Smith, J. D.; Marquis Peatt, 
 
844: HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Tyler. In 28 years the lodge has had only six W. M's. ; in 
 addition to those mentioned were George H. Lyon, A. D. Crane, 
 John W. Spoor and A. W. Grieason. The lodge has had a prosper- 
 ous existence, now numbering 5i members. The officers for 1881 
 are A. D. Crane, W. M.; Marquis S. Cook, S. W. ; Jacob Eehm, 
 J. W.; N. A. Phelps, Treas. ; A. Lathrop, Sec. ; George Crampton, 
 S. D. ; Henry Ide, J. D.; Frederick Lathrop, E. R. Doane, Stew- 
 ards; James Harris, Tyler. 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF SCIO. 
 
 In 1835 S. W. Foster, who purchased a mill site and erected a 
 mill on section 9, laid out and platted the village of Scio. At one 
 time it was thought the village would be a prosperous one, but its 
 proximity to Dexter and the establishment of a rival village two 
 miles below, now called Delhi, all three being within eight 
 miles of Ann Arbor, served as a barrier to its growth. To-day it 
 numbers about 1.5 or 20 houses, has a store, flouring mill and 
 postoffice, Mr. Geo. A. Peters acting in the capacity' of postmaster, 
 having been appointed by President Grant, under his first admin- 
 istration and continuing to the present time. 
 
 At the village of Scio is said to be the best water-power on the 
 Huron river, having a fall of some ten feet. 
 
 VILLAGE OF DELHI. 
 
 This pleasant little village is situated on the Huron river, about 
 midway between the city of Ann Arbor and the village of Dexter. 
 It was surveyed and platted July 25, 1836, by Jacob Doreraus. 
 The plat was recorded under the name of Michigan Tillage. The 
 name, being regarded as too lengthy, was soon afterward changed 
 to the short one by which it has ever been known — Delhi. 
 
 In 1842 ail unsold lots in the village plat passed into the hands 
 of N. C. Goodale, a man whose memory is cherished by all who 
 were so fortunate as to be numbered among his acquaintances. 
 The village has always been regarded as a model one with respect 
 to morality and good order. One of the conditions made to every 
 deed to each lot sold was that no intoxicating drinks should ever 
 be sold upon the premises, under forfeiture of the lot and all im- 
 provements made thereon. Thus the great promoter of vice and 
 immorality has never been permitted to obtain entrance to the 
 village. While the village has never attained any special degree 
 of prosperity so far as numbers are concerned, it has ever been a neat 
 and attractive place. Every house in the village, with all its sur- 
 roundings, exhibits a pleasing and inviting appearance. Its prox- 
 imity to Ann Arbor has retarded its growth, the country not being 
 advanced to that degree enabling two or more large villages or 
 cities to exist and prosper while being within such short distance 
 of each other. 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 845 
 
 The two large flouring mills have always been the main stay of 
 Delhi, their home business being quite large and shipments exten- 
 sive to all parts of the country. At present there is, in addition 
 to the flouring mills, one general store and cooper sliop. 
 
 The postoflice was established in 1868, with F. W." Goodale as 
 the first postmaster. Mr. Goodale has been re-appointed after the 
 expiration of each term. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 We complete the liistor}- of Scio township, witii its beautiful 
 villages, by adding biographies of many of the prominent and 
 representative citizens on the succeeding pages. 
 
 Gottlieb Abele is the son of Christopher Abele, and was born in Gei'many in 
 1835. He was educated in his native land and in 1854 emigrated to the United 
 States, locating in Washtenaw county the same year. In 1863 he married Anna 
 Kipp, and 5 children have been born to them — Mary, Frank, Frederick, Edward, 
 Henry and Lilian A. Mr. and Mrs. Abele are faithful members of the Lutheran 
 Church, and he is Democratic in politics. He owns 84 acres of well-improved 
 land, with a $2,500 house erected thereon. 
 
 David Allmendinger was born in Pennsylvania, May 13, 1833, and is a son of 
 Daniel F. and Christiana Allmendinger, natives of Germany. David received a 
 ■common-school education, and in 1845 married Alvina Croman. Four children 
 have been born to them, 8 sons and 1 daughter — Harvey D., George W., Cynthia 
 A. and Franklin E., all married and residents of Washtenaw county. Mr. A. has 
 been honored with several otKces of trust in Scio tp., and politically is a Demo- 
 crat. He possesses 113 acres of land, the improvement thereon, such as house, 
 barn, and out-buildings, costing him over $4,000. 
 
 Harvey Allmendinger, fai'mer, was Ijorn in Scio tp., March 9, 1847. His parents 
 are David and Alvina (Croman) Allmendinger, of German descent, the former a 
 native of Jfew York and the latter a native of Pennsylvania. He received his 
 education in the district school of Scio tp. He has been a farmer the greater part 
 of his life, and in the harvest season operates a threshing-machine. He was mar- 
 ried in 1873, and 3 children have been given to him — Lewis E., born Nov. 18, 1876, 
 and Eda, born June 17, 1878. He is Democratic in politics, and Treasurer of Scio 
 tp. He is also a prominent member of the grange. 
 
 Edward B. Appleton, attorney-at-law. Dexter, was born at Bellefontaine, Ohio, 
 Sept. 33, 1845, and is the son of Stacey T. and Sarah (Gleason) Apjjleton, the for- 
 mer a native of New York, and the latter of New Jersey, and old pioneers of this 
 county, coming here in 1831, and settling in Webster tp. The subject of this 
 sketch graduated at one of the most noted law colleges in the country, and was 
 admitted to the Bar in 1866. He engaged in Ihe drug business in Dexter for some 
 time, but resumed his practice, and to-daj- is one of the leading lavijers in that 
 section of country. He has been honored with several village and township of- 
 fices, having served as Village Recorder, 3 terms ; Township Assessor and Clerk, 
 three terms ; while at present he is Village Clerk and Justice of the Peace. He 
 was married in 1870 to Ellen M. Sill, daughter of Thomas and Elmira Sill, and 
 among the early pioneers of this count}-. They have 1 son — Robert. 
 
 Jacob Aprill, farme;', sec. 33, Scio tp.,was born in Germany in 1808, and is the 
 sou of Jacob and Catherine (Linger) Aprill. He received a very fair German ed- 
 ucation, and has a veiy good understanding of the English language. In his early 
 manhood he learned the shoemakers' trade, which he followed successfully for 16 
 years, partly in Germany and partly in New York. He came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1883, settled on sec. 33, where he now lives, and went to work at his 
 trade, for some time being the only one working at that trade in a radius of 10 
 miles. He was married May 28, 1832. They have 3 children living. Mr. and 
 Mrs. April are members of the Lutheran Church, in which body he officiates as 
 aTrustee. He has been very successful in his farm operations, atone time owning 
 350 acres of well-improved land, all of which was accumulated by years of indus- 
 try and privation. 
 
846 HISTOftY OF WASHTENAW COTJNTT. 
 
 Oapt- Bugene Arnold was born in Scio tp., Washtenaw county, in 1833. His 
 parents, Hyram and Lyclia (Sawtelle) Arnold, located in Scio tp., in 1838, on land 
 the former had entered in 1826. They were natives of New York, and of German 
 descent. The father was a school-teacher at Saratoga, N. Y., but after immigrat- 
 ing to Michigan, was engaged in agricultural pursuits, and at the time of his 
 death, owned 340 acres of choice land. He died Jan. 31, 1880. He was the father 
 of 7 children, all dead but 2 — Eugene and Mrs. Green. One son, Henry Clay, en- 
 tered the service of " Uncle Sam, "'during the Kebellion, as a private. He rapidly 
 rose in the ranks, and had hardly put on the straps of a Captain, when he was de- 
 prived of his life, at the second battle of Bull Run. Eugene is unmarried and 
 lives on sec. 14, Scio tj)., where he owns 280 acres of valuable land. In early life 
 he " sailed the raging main," and continued on the waters for 28 years. He has 
 had many hair-breadth escapes, and was on board two vessels that were destroyed 
 by fire. Five boats on which he was employed were sunk, two of them in collis- 
 ion. He officiated as Mate for 20 years, and Captain for six years. All his sea- 
 life was mostly spent on the great lakes that lie in the northern part of the 
 United States. He is not a member of any political party, but votes for the men 
 whom he thinks will best serve the people. 
 
 Joseph Audette was born in Lower Canada in 1843. He is a brick-mason by 
 trade. In 1857 came into the United States, and soon after to Washtenaw county. 
 In 1870 he established a brick yard in Aon Arbor, where he has been very suc- 
 cessful. He was married in 1873 to Catherine Scanlan. Of the 3 children born 
 to them, 2 are living— Mary Elizabeth and Francis John. Mr. Audette is Demo- 
 cratic in politics, and a resident of Scio tp. Mr. and Mrs. Audette are members 
 of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Aljord R. Beal, retired merchant, Dexter, was born in New York, Dec. 4, 1828. 
 He is the son of Emery B. and Sophronia (Rice) Beal, both natives of New York, 
 and of English descent; is also the brother of Rice A. Beal, editor of the Ann 
 Arbor Courier, and publisher of Dr. Chase's Receipt Book. Mr. B. received his 
 education in the public schools of Michigan, and when old enough entered the 
 mercantile business, which he has followed since. In 1855 he came to Washtenaw 
 county, and has resided here since . He owned a general store in Dexter for 15 
 years. He was married in 1858 to Mary Damon, who has borne him 2 daughters— 
 Mattie and Mabel. Mrs. Beal is a member of the Congregational Church. Mr. 
 Beal now resides in a large brick residence in the village of Dexter, and in his 
 active life has worked and toiled very hard, making the competency which he 
 now enjoys, by his own individual exertions. Politically, he is a Republican, 
 and has served as Clerk and other tp. offices a large number of times. 
 
 Godfrey Beck, farmer, sec. 28, Scio tp., was born in Washtenaw county in 1840, 
 and is the son of Jacob and Catherine Beck, both natives of Germany. He 
 received his educational training in the Scio tp. district schools, and was reared 
 on a farm, which occupation he has followed since, and at present owns 160 acres 
 of good farm land. In addition to his farming, he has operated a threshing 
 machine during the summer season for nearly 31 years. In 1866 he was marriea 
 to Dortha L. Laubongayer, and they have been blessed with 3 children— Armenia, 
 John Oscar and Otilda Catherine. Mr. and Mrs. Beck are faithful and consistent 
 members of the Lutheran Church, and he believes in the principles of the Demo- 
 cratic party. He has been elected to several local offices, which he filled to the 
 satisfaction of all. 
 
 David B. Blanchard, landlord Blanchard House, Dexter, was born in New 
 York in 181it. He is the son of David and Susan (Baldwin) Blanchard, both 
 natives of America. David B. did not receive a very extensive education, and 
 when old enough he turned his attention to business, and operated a saw and 
 shingle mill for nearly 10 years. In 1835 he came to Michigan and settled in 
 Jackson county, where he resided for two years, when he returned to New York. 
 In 1862 the "Western fever attacked him," and he left his native State once more, 
 and settled in Washtenaw county, where he has lived since. He operated a hotel 
 at Grass Lake for some time, but in 1873 removed to Dexter and started the hotel 
 standing near the M. C. railroad, and, in 1877 moved up in the business part of the 
 village, and rented a hotel standing on Main street, which he has operated since, 
 as the Blanchard House. In 1842 he was married to Mary Ann Bowen, and their 
 3 daughters are both married and doing well, the oldest, Susan Elizabeth, being 
 the wife of Jacob C. Scott, a successful farmer of Jackson county, and the second, 
 Emily E., being the wife of Girard Cady, also a farmer in Jackson county, and 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 8i7 
 
 living near Grass Lake. Mr. B. owns a fine farm of 80 acres two miles from Cliel- 
 sea, but prefers to be in the business he is now engaged in. He makes a good 
 landlord, and keeps a good house. 
 
 Peter W. Bra»s, Dexter, was born in London in 1825. His parents, Charles and 
 Sarah Brass, came to America in 1835, locating in Webster tp., Washtenaw county, 
 Mich., where the former died in 1873. Mr. Brass was married in England, Aug. 
 5, 1849, to Frances A. Stevens, daughter of Thomas J. and Sarah Stevens. They 
 have 7 children— Fanny S. (wife of .Joshua Hall), Martha, Walter C, Emma S., 
 Hannah E., ., Charles N. and Albert S. Mr. Brass has Jin his possession a very 
 large family Bible, the title page bearing the date 1616. 
 
 Thomas W. Burns, Dexter, was born in Ireland in 1830, and emigrated to 
 America in 1842, first settling in Rochester, N. Y. He came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1855, and settled at Dexter in 1863. He learned to make boots and 
 shoes, which trade he worked at from 1844 to 1876. He was married in 1860 to 
 Emily Smith, who was bom in Pennsylvania in 1838. Mr. and Mrs. Burns are 
 members of the Boman Catholic Church. 
 
 John W. Buss, farmer, on sec. 38, Scio tp., was born in Lima tp., Sept. 23, 1838. 
 He is the son of William F. and Catherine (Shulte) Buss, both of German nativity. 
 He received a liberal education in this county, and since of aare has followed the 
 occupation of farming. He was married in February, 1864, to Caroline M. 
 Hornung. They have 8 children — Edward, Samuel C, Henry G., Albert P., Her- 
 man, John W. and Frankhn. Mr. and Mrs. Buss are consistent members of the 
 Lutheran Church. He is the possessor of 160 acres of good cultivated land, and 
 a Democrat. 
 
 William F. Buss, farmer, sec. 20, Scio tp. ; P. O., Dexter; was born in Germany 
 in 1811. He is the fifth son of a family of 8, whose parents were John Peter and 
 Mary (Osius) Buss. His father sent him to the best colleges in Germany, intend- 
 ing to prepare him for the ministry, and he thereby received a first-class German 
 education, besides studying foreign languages to some extent. He caiLe to America 
 in 1834, and started to farm a wild tract of 40 acres, situated in Scio tp., and by 
 industry and perseverance has secured a fine improved piece of 320 acres, which 
 he divided a few years ago between his children, reserving only a small portion 
 for himself He was married in 1837 to Catherine Shulte, and they have 6 chil- 
 dren, 4 boys and 2 girls, three of whom are married and doing well, and the 2 for- 
 mer engaged in the mercantile business in Ann Arbor. Mr. Buss and wife are 
 members of the German Lutheran Church. He has been Secretary of the German 
 Fire Insurance Company for the past nine years. 
 
 Michael Oarraher, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 3, Scio tp., was born in Ireland 
 in 1830. He received a common-school education, and in 1848 emigrated to 
 America, coming to Washtenaw county in 1864. tie was married in 1863 to 
 Sarah Anderson, and 1 child, Mary Ann, has been born to them. Mr. Carraher 
 owns 40 acres of land valued at $60 per acre. Mr. and Mrs. Carraher are members 
 of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 A. T. Case, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 19, Scio tp ; P. O., Dexter; was born in 
 New York, April 2, 1837. He is the youngest of a family of five, and the son of 
 David and Catherine Yeoman, the former a native of Kew York, and the latter of 
 New Jersey, while both are of German ancestry. Of his 4 brothers and sisters, 
 the 2 oldest, Maria and William, were both married, but are now deceased. 
 Elizabeth is the wife of H. Kendrick, a prominent farmer of Ingham county. 
 Augustus is married and resides in Eaton county. David Case, the father of these 
 children, came to Washtenaw county in 1831, and settled on sec. 19, where the 
 subject of this sketch has lived ever since. Mr. Case was married Dec. 19, 1850, 
 to Sarah Putnam, a relative of Gen. Israel Putnam, of Revolutionary fame. This 
 union has been blessed with 4 children, 3 boys and 2 girls, and these children now 
 form a fine quartette of voices in vocal music. They are William M., Mary R., 
 Vernah J. and Charles P. All of this family are members of the Baptist Church. 
 Mr. C. is no politician, but takes a deep interest in Church affairs. He was Sun- 
 day-school Superintendent for several years. 
 
 John Goftello, merchant. Dexter, was born in Dexter village in 1833. He is the 
 son of Kyran and Hannah (Ryan) Costello, both of Irish nativity. He attended 
 the Dexter schools, where he received his education. When 30 years of age he 
 opened a general store in Dexfer, and was in this business till 1863, when, in con- 
 nection with Mr. Evarts, they purchased the City Mills of Dexter, which they 
 controlled till August, 1880. Mr. C. was also largely interested in the Scio Mills, 
 
848 HISTOEl OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 some three miles from Dexter, about this same time, but neither proving a flnan' 
 cial success he sold out and started in his present business. He was married in 
 1864 to Mary Ann Harris, and to this union have been born 7 children, 3 boys and 4 
 girls. Mr. and Mrs. Costello are members of the Roman Catholic Church. He is 
 not connected with any political party, but votes for the men of his choice. He 
 has been elected President of the Village Board three times, also served as Clerk 
 and Treasurer of Scio tp. 
 
 David B. Goioden was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 184'3, His parents were 
 Ira and Lorinda (Davis) Coveden, natives of New York, the former of Irish and 
 the latter of Eaglish descent. He received his educational training in the public 
 schools of his native State, and followed farming as an occupation until 1870, 
 when he entered the cooper-shop at Delhi Mills, where he has since been steadily 
 engaged. In 1878 he married Phoebe Dwight, and 3 children have been sent to 
 them — Norman Ira and Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. Cowden are members of the Con- 
 gregational Church. Mr. Cowden is a faithful adherent of the principles of the 
 Republican party. He came to Washtenaw county in 1863. 
 
 Oeorge S. Grampton, carriage manufacturer and blacksmith. Dexter, was born 
 in Ann Arbor in 1852. He is the son of Adam and Ann (Beal) Crampton, who 
 were of English descent, and emigrated to "Washtenaw county in 1843, settling in 
 Ann Arbor. Mr. C. attended the higli school in Ann Arbor, where he gained what 
 education he possesses. He learned the blacksmith trade when young, and a few 
 years ago he started in his present business in Dexter, and it has proved a finan- 
 cial success. In 1878 he was married to Maggie Billey. They are both members 
 in good standing ot the Episcopal Church. He is a Republican. 
 
 Hon. Alexander D. Crane, attorney at law. Dexter, was born in Cayuga county, 
 N. y., in 1809, a son of Stephen and Keturah A. (Topping) Crane natives of 
 New Jersey. At a very early date in the history of our country, two brothers 
 came from England, and settled in Connecticut. In order to make a distinction 
 in their names, one called himself Craine, and the other went by the name of 
 Crane. Alexander was a descendant of this latter one, and was reared to manhood 
 in his native State. He spent his early life on a farm until he was 16 years of 
 age, at which time he was apprenticed to a blacksmith. In a few years he 
 gained a thorough knowledge of this useful " art," and continued to follow it 
 until 1833, when ill health caused him to abandon it. On Nov. 34, 1837, he first 
 entered Washtenaw county — a region in which he was to gain for himself in the 
 near future, honor, fame and reverence from all classes of its citizens. Notwith- 
 standing his limited education, in 1833 he commenced the study of law, and at 
 the same time was elected Constable, and subsequently Deputy Sheriff and Col- 
 lector of Taxes, which latter position lie filled for 10 years. He was engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits for about 18 months, at the expiration of which time (1843) he 
 was admitted to the Bar, and licensed to practice in the legal profession. He con- 
 tinued at his chosen calling until 1849, when he was appointed Postmaster of 
 Dexter, by President Fillmore. During the time of his ofiicial career he was 
 elected as Justice of the Peace, which office he satisfactorily filled till the close of 
 1853, when he resigned his Postmastership to accept the office of Prosecuting 
 Attorney, which had been proffered him by the majority of the voters of "fair 
 "Washtenaw." Four times in succession he was called upon to preside over the 
 business of the Circuit Court as its Judge, and in 1878 he was appointed Judge of 
 the Fourth Judicial District of Michigan, embracing the counties of Jackson, 
 Ingham and "Washtenaw, which seat he filled with honor and credit for three 
 years. Since that time he has almost retired from active life, as the frosts of many 
 winters have passed over his noble head, leaving behind them traces of old age 
 and whitened locks, which prevent the Judge from accepting any of those 
 fatiguing duties which were constantly showered down upon him in younger 
 days. He still practices as an attorney, and his opinion on matters public and 
 private are eagerly sought after by his numerous friends and clients. Like other 
 pioneers of any section of this State Mr. Crane has had a war record, but so brief 
 as to need only a slight mention in this sketch. In 1861 he raised a company of 
 101 men, and entered the service of the United States as their Captain. After 
 three short mouths, ill health and an injury received in the service, compelled him 
 to resign, which he did with reluctance, and sustained by the hope that he might 
 possibly do as much good in words and actions at home as he would have done 
 while fighting in the many battles that were chronicled in the pages of history. 
 On Feb. 6, 1830, in Detroit, Mich,, Mr. Crane married Nancy Smith, who was 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 849 
 
 bom in Erie county, Pa. There were 6 children born to this union, 1 of whom is 
 living— James M., a telegraph operator of Grand Eapids. Mrs. Crane departed 
 this life Sept. 13, 1842, and in 1843 he married Mrs. Julia A. Tipping, who was 
 born in Germany in 1799. The angel of death once more laid his cold and clammy 
 hand on the wife of his bosom, and on June 31, 1863, Mr. Crane laid her away in 
 the tomb while his heart was heavily laden with sorrow and pain. Time passed 
 on, and believing it was best that man should have a companion in this world, in 
 February, 1863, he married Helen L. Palmer, a native of New York, where she 
 was born April 15, 1833. In the years that have come and gone this couple have 
 been gladdened by the gift of 3 children — Charles F., born Dec. 38, 1863; George 
 and Stephen, twins, born Dec. 38, 1865. Mr. Crane was present at the birth of 
 the Republican party, at Jackson, Mich., in 1854, and at that time and place 
 solemnly resolved to cast his fortunes with the new party, and followed its teach- 
 ings and precepts through the stormy days of the Rebellion, and when its mar- 
 tyred President freed from bondage the 4,000,000 slaves within the borders of the 
 Union, none were more thankful than the subject of this sketch, and in its welfare 
 and prosperity none have taken a deeper interest than Mr. Crane. He was a 
 member of the Soldiers' Convention that nominated Gen. Grant for President of 
 the United States, and his vote was recorded as one in that vast majority which 
 placed the "Hero of Appomattox" in the highest seat in the nation. Hon. 
 Alexander D. Crane is a man of sound judgment, quick perception, full of gen- 
 uine humor, frankly abrupt in speech, of a warm and deeply affectionate nature, 
 attaching his friends to him with peculiar devotion, and making himself, all 
 unconsciously, a general favorite in the community which has so long known 
 him. 
 
 Sidney R. Crissy, operator, M. C. railroad, Delhi Mills, was born in Washtenaw 
 county ia 1853. His parents were James and Luna W, (Kellogg) Crissy, the for- 
 mer a native of New Jersey, and the latter a native of New Yorlt. He obtained 
 his education at the Pontiac High School, and the State Agricultural College, at 
 Lansing. He was married May 24, 1877, to Jessie E. Buck. This union has been 
 blessed with 3 children — Myron S. and Winfred R. His wife is a member of the 
 New Jerusalem Church. 
 
 Benjamin Culy, farmer, sec. 8, Scio tp.; P. O., Dexter; was born in England in 
 1818, and is the son of Benjamin and Ann (Ward) Ctily, both natives of England. 
 He came to America in 1835, and to Washtenaw county the same year, and set- 
 tled where he now lives. He was a farmer's boy, and was given his education 
 in the common schools of his native country. In 1847 he was married to Sophia 
 Kehnle, a native of Germany. William Henry, Benjamin, Abraham (deceased), 
 Israel and Sophia Matilda are the children who have been born to them. Mr. C. 
 and wife are members of the M. E. Church. He owns a good farm of 78 acres. 
 
 Abram Davis, employed in the Delhi Mills, was born in New York in 1830. 
 His parents were Abram L. and Nancy (Carter) Davis, natives of New .Jersey. 
 He was reared and educated in Washtenaw county, and learned the trade of 
 miller, which occupation he lias followed the greater part of his life. He wa3 
 married in 1857, and 1 child, Delos, born Sept. 37, 1863, has been given to them. 
 Mr. Davis is the happy possessor of a well-improved farm. 
 
 James E. Davis, cooper and farmer, was born in New York in 1819, and is a 
 son of Abram L., and Nancy (Carter) Davis, natives of New Jersey, the foriner of 
 English descent, and the latter of German ancestry. In 1845 he married Mina 
 Plow, and 5 children have been sent to them — Henry, Emanuel, Orville, Carrie 
 L. and Louisa. Mr. Davis came to this county in 1854, and has worked at the 
 cooper's trade for 25 years, 30 years of that time foreman in the shop at Delhi 
 Mills. He was Road Commissioner one term. Mr, Davis owns 93 acres of good 
 land, situated on sections 3 and 11, his residence being in the former. Politically 
 he casts his vote for the Democratic candidates. 
 
 James Henry Davis, farmer, Scio tp., res. Delhi Mills, was born in New York 
 in 1849, and is the son of James E. and Mina (Plow) Davis. He received his 
 education in the States of New York and Michigan. He learned the cooper's trade, 
 and worked at it for seven years. He was married in 1873, to Helen Laura Buck- 
 lin, a native of Michigan and a daughter of Charles Bucklin. They have 1 child, 
 born Nov. 37, 1879. Mrs. Davis was born May 1, 1853. Mr. Davis came to this 
 county in 1856, and in his farming operations has been financially successful. 
 
 Johi Dawson, Dexter, was born in Ireland, Dec. 30, 1833. He is the son of 
 James and Mary (Cunningham) Dawson. His father was an old pioneer of tlii-s 
 
850 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 county, coming to Ann Arbor in 1844. John was married in 1849, to Margaret 
 Burns. Tliey Save had 4 children — Mary and Sarah, deceased, and Maggie and 
 Nellie. Mr. and Mrs. D., are members of the Roman Catholic Church. He is 
 the owner of 180 acres of good farm land. 
 
 John H. Demne, merchant, Dexter, was born in 1856. He is tlie son of John 
 and Mary (Pinnegan) Devine, the former a native of New York, the latter of 
 Michigan, and both of Irisli descent. J. H. received his education in Webster 
 township, and the Ann Arbor High School. He was married Feb. 1, 1878, to Cathe- 
 rine L. Denn. They have 1 child, Francis Henry. Mr. Devine is engaged, since 
 1876, with his father in the mercantile business in Dexter, of which they are mak- 
 ing a success. He is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and politically is 
 a Democrat. He is also Deputy Clerk of Scio township. 
 
 John D. Bonne, retired fai-mer. Dexter, was born in Franklin Co., N. Y., July 8, 
 1810. He is the son of Joshua and Polly (Sauburn) Doane, both natives of Ver- 
 mont, and tlie former of French descent, while the latter was of Irish and English 
 parentage. He received his education in the common schools of the town of 
 Shoreham, Vt. He is an old pioneer of Washtenaw county, cominghere Oct. 14, 
 1831, and so poor that he had to hire out to diflerent persons to get money with 
 which to live. lie lived on sec. 15 in Dexter tOAvnship for over 40 years. Mr. D. 
 was a First Lieutenant in the Black Hawk war, but since then has performed no 
 military duty. In 1833 he was married to Emily Cooper, and 1 daughter, now 
 tlie wife of a Mr. Crane, was the fruit of this union. Mrs. Doane died two years 
 after marriage, and he was married again to Ann Mower, who has borne him 10 
 children, 4 boys and 6 girls. He is the owner of 80 acres of well-improved land, 
 also has property in Dexter, where he now resides. Mr. D. told the writer a story of 
 his early pioneer life in this section, and hadwethe penof a Washington Irving we 
 could put it before the many readers of this volume in a gi'aphic style ; however, 
 we -svill do the l)est %Ae can : Mr. D. had been some distance from home on busi- 
 ness, and seeing he could not get back before dark, he resolved to go to an^Indian 
 village not far awaj', and pass the night there. He came to the place, but tlie 
 "red men" had departed, and not a trace of their present whereabouts remained. 
 Night was fast coming on, and Mr. D. not wisliing to remain out on the prairie all 
 night, concluded the best thing lie could do was to tiyand get home. He started, 
 but had not gone very far wlien a wolfs howl slowly resounded, through the 
 wild, falling like a death dirge on the ear of this lonely man. He immediately 
 started on a run, but ere long another, and then another of those unearthly yells, 
 foretold the presence of a pack of these animals who delight to feast off the bones 
 of such pioneers as have chanced to be lost on these Western prairies. In a few 
 minutes they were at his heels, but resolving to sell his life dearly, he backed up 
 to a tree, and drawing his tomahawk made a lunge at the foremost one but did 
 not liit him. They kept at some little distance, as though sure of their prey and 
 in no h urry to begin the feast. He watched them for some time, as it was a bright 
 moonlight night ; as he was a God-fearing man, he concluded to get down on 
 liis knees and pray for deliverance. This he did, and when he arose, it was with 
 renewed feelings of hope, and being so happy he commenced singing. He soon 
 saw that whenever he did tliis, the M'olves were afraid to come neai- him. He 
 then started toward home, a distance of 14 long -sveary miles, and he was forced to 
 sing almo.st the entire distance. On the homeward march lie got very thirsty, and 
 coming to a small stream of water he knelt down to quench his burning thirst. 
 He had hardly taken one swallow, before a howl startled him, as if to admonish 
 him not to entirely ignore the savage beasts on the bank near him. He would 
 •then take a sup and stop and sing a strain; this he repeated till he had drank all 
 the water he wished. This water was so dear to the tired wanderer that he re- 
 solved to name the stream Dear creek, which name it still bears. Continuing 
 )iis journey homeward, in the same way as before, he arrived all safe and sound, 
 and very thankful for his deliverance from a horrible death. In the morning 
 his father came to his house early and saw seven of the pack still prowling around 
 the house. The remainder had disappeared, but Mr. Doane is confident there 
 were more than 150 following him that long distance. Mr. Doane is a consistent 
 member of the M. E. Churcli and was the first Class-leader of that denomination in 
 Dexter village. ' 
 
 When Mr. Doane was first married, he met with what was quite a set-back at 
 the time ; he with his wife and team of oxen and wagon started for Dexter to buy 
 things suitable for housekeeping, including crockery, window-glass, oroceries, 
 
8CI0 TOWHSHIP. 851 
 
 window sash, etc. etc., spending some $30. for crocliery, and other things in 
 proportion. After procuring all these necessaries in town and loading them into the 
 wagon, Mrs. Doane started on ahead a-foot while Mr. D. drove down to the grist- 
 mill to get a grist that he had brought to have ground. He drove up to the mill, 
 jumped out, and went to the door, calling for his grist, when the miller called out, 
 "Your oxen are running," and on his looking around the oxen,wagon andeverything 
 it contained were upset in the mill-race; and although finally the oxen were taken 
 out alive, many of the necessaiy articles they had bought were destroyed, barely 
 saving enough of the crockery for him and his wife to eat on ; this was quite a 
 severe loss at this time, as they had not the wherewith to procure more at that 
 time. 
 
 Norman Dwight, farmer, sec. 11, Scio tp. ; P. O., Dexter; was born in Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1815, and is a son of Oliver- and Mehitable (Keep) Dwight, natives of 
 Massachusetts, and of English descent. Mr. Dwight received his educational 
 training in the common school, and in 1838 came to Washtenaw county, where 
 he has since resided, engaged in farming. He has been thrice married. His pres- 
 ent wife's parents settled in this county in 1835. Mr. D. started in life a poor boy 
 but by energy and perseverance he has succeeded manfully, and at present owns 
 lOOacres of tillable land. He has 4 children, 1 son and 1 daughter being 
 married. The daughter married David V. Cowden, a cooper residing at Delhi 
 Mills. Mr. and Mrs. Dwight are members of the Congregational Church in Web- 
 ster tp., in which body, Mr. D. has been Deacon for some "time. He is also Super- 
 intendent of the Sunday-school, and endeavors to the best of his ability to walk 
 in the straight and narrow path. He is Republican in politics, and for 10 years 
 he was a School Director of Scio tp. 
 
 John H. Evarts, formerly senior member of the firm of Bvarts & Costello, pro- 
 prietors Scio and Dexter Mills, was born in New York, April 11, 1825. His 
 parents were Amos and Mary Evarts, natives of New York, and of English de- 
 scent. When he was 31 years old he learned the milling business, and in 1863 
 came to Washtenaw county and formed a co-partnership with Mr. Costello, in 
 the above mentioned business. Trade flourished for quite a period, the firm be- 
 ing estimated, at one time, as worth $30,000; but ruin fell upon them, leaving 
 each with barely nothing. Mr. Evarts has leased the Scio Mills again, and is now 
 engaged in his chosen occupatiou. In 1853 lie married Martha E. Wing. They 
 have 2 children — Prank and Minnie E. Frank married Mary Willey, and is en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits in Kansas City, Mo. Mr. Evarts is a Democrat in 
 politics, and has been Trustee of Dexter, and member of the School Board. 
 
 Dr. Alexander Ewing (deceased), one of the most prominent physicians of 
 Washtenaw county, was born in the north of Ireland, Apri 1 5,1819. In 1833 his 
 parents emigrated'lo America. Mr. Ewing graduated from the Geneva Medical 
 College in 1839, and then settled in Lima tp., this county. In 1847 he removed to 
 Dexter, where he practiced bis profession the remainder of life. In 1853 he was 
 elected to the Michigan Legislature, of which he was a prominent member. He 
 married a sister of Luther James, Esq., of Lima tp., who still survives. He was 
 Surgeon of the 13th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and was once an inmate of Libby Prison. 
 Up to the time of his death he held the position of Examining Surgeon for pen- 
 sions. He was a firm believer in Christianity, and gave liberally toward the sup- 
 port of religion. In politics he was a Republican. He T\'as a worthy Free Mason, 
 and loved Masonry for its morality, and practiced its teachings for love of them. 
 He died at Dexter, and was buried from St. James' Church on Saturday, 
 Sept. 30, 1879. The business of the village was entirely suspended during the 
 funeral, and an immense concourse of friends followed his remains to the grave. 
 
 Drivid M. Finley, farmer, sec. 16, Scio to., was born in Livingston county, N. 
 Y., Oct. 10, 1830, and is the son of William and Sarah (Wattles) Finley, both na- 
 tives of Connecticut, and of Scotch parentage. He was sent to the district school 
 of his native State, and finished his education in an academy. He was endowed 
 by nature with considerable talent, and as a doctor or lawyer would have stood high 
 in the profession. But he chose farming as an occupation, and it has been a finan- 
 cial success to him, as he now owns and farms 400 acres of rich alluvial land. He 
 was married at Geneseo, Livingston Co., N. Y., Oct. 36, 1856. Mr. and Mrs. Fin- 
 ley are members of the M. E. Church. When a boy, his father and brother were 
 civil engineers, and Mr. P. gained a good knowledge of surveying, so when elected 
 as Drain Commissioner of Washtenaw county, he put his knowledge to a practi- 
 cal test, and with very satisfactory results. He served eight years as Secretary 
 
852 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of the AVashtenaw t'ount_v Agricultural and Horticultural Societj-, and officiated 
 four years as its President. He has been elected several times to represent his 
 township in the County Board of Supervisors, and has filled several local offices. 
 Politically he is a firm believer in the principles of the Democratic parly. He 
 is a natural mechanic and has done the greater part of the labor in the construc- 
 tion of the buildings erected on his farm. He is the 11th child of a family of 14 
 children, of whom only 4 are living. 
 
 Jolm- V. Forchue, barber. Dexter, is a native of Virginia, and the son of Alfred 
 and Amanda (JlcZaro) Forchue, the former an American Indian, and the latter a 
 native of Spain. In his early da3's John came to Illinois, and hired out to Mr. 
 Bradford, of that State, to labor in the field. When his day's toil was ended, Mr.^. 
 Bradford would teach him the letters of the alphabet, and how to spell, and he 
 soon became so proficient as to be able to read and spell for himself He has 
 added to this early knowledge from time to time, and at present can read and 
 write as i\ell as if he had been educated in the public schools In 1860 
 he removed to Michigan, where he worked on a farm till he was 25 years old. lu 
 1863 he enlisted in the Union army, and served three years fighting for the star- 
 spangled banner, being engaged in four great battles, and twice wounded, once a 
 prisoner, and when escaping brought away also a contraband. He came to Dex- 
 ter in 1877, and the following year opened a tonsorial parlor, in which business he 
 has been successful. He married Elnora Elonzo Arito, a native of Spain, and she 
 bore him 1 child, Elonzo, and then died. In 1875 he married Anna Bunda, and 
 this alliance has resulted in the birth of 3 children — Anna, Elnora and 
 Alice. He is a Republican, and a prominent member of the Dexter Ked Ribbon 
 Club. 
 
 W. C. Foster, farmer, sec. 26, Soio tp., was born in Orange county, N. Y., 
 Oct 11, 1888, and is a son of Samuel and Mary (Crist) Foster, natives of the "Em- 
 pire State." Mr. Foster came with his parents to this county at an early date, and 
 settled on the farm where he now resides. In 1865 he married Alice Anderson, 
 and 7 children have been the result of this union — Charles S., Carrie, Cora. Bertie 
 L., Frank, Benjamin L. and Keron. Mr. Foster owns 80 acres of richly cultivated 
 land, and also farms 80 acres belonging to his father. He resides in a neat and 
 substantial brick residence, and in business matters has been financially success- 
 ful. 
 
 Elder L. L. Oaae, pastor of Baptist Church, Dexter, was born in Madison county, 
 N. Y., Feb. 28, 1830. He was the son of Solomon and Irena (Howe) Gage, the for- 
 mer a native of Connecticut, and the latter a native of Massachusetts, both of 
 English descent. His father was a farmer, and Mr. G. worked on the farm in 
 summer, and attended the district school in winter, till he was 19 years of age, 
 when he commenced to teach school, though still assisting his father on the farm 
 during the months of vacation. In a few years he went to Rochester University, 
 where he studied faithfully for some time, finishing his literary course in 1854, 
 and graduating from the Theological Seminary in '1856. This same year he was 
 married to Cornelia A. Hill, wlio lived only a few months after their nuptials were 
 celebrated. In October, 1861, he was again married— this time to Angie M. Ved- 
 der, who has proved a faithful wife to him through many a weary "year. Tlie 
 fruits of this marriage are 2 children — Frank B., born in 1862, and Nellie L., born 
 in 1868. Elder Gage had united with the Baptist Church of his native place when 
 but 18 years of age, and believing he could assist in Iris feeble way to build up the 
 cause of Christ, he was ordained to preach in 1856, and shortty afterward emi- 
 grated West, and settled in Tama City, Iowa. In his new field of labor he worked 
 incessantly for the good of the cause he represented, and had the satisfaction of 
 seeing a Cliurch organized with a membersliii) of 50, and a building erected for 
 public worship. He afterward removed to Dexter, where he has since resided. 
 The Clmrch under his charge in this latter place is in a flourishing and prosperous 
 condition, and Elder Gage ministers to the spiritual wants of his flock in a kind 
 and fatherly manner, being highly esteemed by all with whom he is acquainted. 
 
 Frank W. Q-oorlale, senior member of Goodale & Henlej', proprietors Delhi 
 Mills, and dealers in ground plaster, lumber, lath, and shingles, is a son of Nor- 
 man C. and Amanda M. T. (Smedley) Goodale. He followed in the footsteps of 
 his father, and has made a success out of the milling business. The firm give 
 steady employment to about 20 men, and make flour, which finds a ready sale in 
 the New England markets. In 1870 he married Jennie Patterson, who died in 
 1871. His second marriage was to Jennie Burt, in 1873, and they have 2 children 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 853 
 
 — N. C. and Fred. B. Mr. Goodale is Postmaster of Delhi :\[ills, and Justice of the 
 Peace. He once served as Constable. 
 
 iVormare C. (?no(?a/« (deceased), the founder of Delhi Mills, was born in Am- 
 herst, Mass., Feb. 11, 1813, and was a son of Levi and Harriet (Church) Gtoodale, 
 natives of Massachusetts, and of Englifih descent. He received a common-school 
 education, and when 14 years old was so unfortunate as to have one of his arms 
 crushed, depriving him of the use of it ever after. He earlj' learned the milling 
 trade, and in 1835 came to Washtenaw county and bought a saw-mill, where now 
 stands the village of Delhi -Mills, pajing for it $50, the entire amount of his ready 
 money. Mau}^ prophesied his financial ruin, but, strange to say, he prospered, 
 and soon started the flouring mill, which still makes a first-class quality ot flour. 
 He owned the land thereabouts, and such were the feelings toward whisky and 
 its attending evils, that before selling any of the ground, he made each and every 
 one sign a contract ne\'er to sell any intoxicating drinks on his or her premises, 
 and this agreement has been respected up to the present time, the consequence 
 being that the people of Delhi Mills are all comfortably settled in life, and 
 crimes and brawls are seldom seen. He married Appama Burnett, but death 
 came to her release, and some time after he was joined in marriage to Ruth E. 
 Smedley. The destroying angel once more claimed a victim in this happy house- 
 hold, and Mrs. Goodale was laid at rest in the tomb. His next marriage was to 
 Amanda M. ^T. Smedley, and this union was blessed with 1 child — Frank W. 
 Mrs. Goodale was the youngest of a family of 13 children, and born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1882. Her parents were of Welsh descent. Mr. and !Mrs. Goodale were 
 members of the Congregational Church, and in politics he was a Republican. 
 He was a man who always stood firm for the right, and was a kind and needjr 
 coimselor and friend to all with whom he had acquaintance. As before stated, he 
 was comparatively poor when he commenced business in this county, but by 
 economy, thrift and perseverance, he acquired property whose estimated value at 
 the time of his death was $200,000. He died in 1877, and was lamented by a 
 large circle of friends and neighbors. Even in his last will and testament, he did 
 not forget the poor, but made them handsome presents. 
 A portrait of Mr. Goodale is given in this volume. 
 
 iTon. J'aOTfs .V. (?ormari, member of present Legislature from Washtenaw Co., 
 Dexter; was born in Lyndon tp., Washtenaw Co., Dec. 28, 1850. He is the son of 
 Peter and Catharine (Conlon) Gorman, both natives of ^Ireland, and early settlers 
 in this county, Peter coming here in 1834, and his wife following some two 
 years later. Mr. P. is one of a family of 5 children, 3 boys and 2 girls, the lat- 
 ter being dead, and was sent to the Chelsea coaiimon school, where he received 
 his primary education. He worked on his father's farm till 18 years of age, 
 when he met with an accident which deprived him of one of his sti-ong arms. 
 Soon after he was sent to the Michigan University, where he graduated in 1876, 
 with high honors. He then entered the law office of Hammel & Parkinson, 
 Jackson, Mich., where he remained for some.time. He was Assistant Prosecuting 
 Attorney of Jackson county for two years, and then opened an office of his own. 
 He remained in Jackson till Nov., 1879, when he came to Dexter and soon after- 
 ward was elected by the Democratic party to the office of Justice of the Peace, 
 and in 1880 to the honorable position of member of the Legislature from Wash- 
 tenaw Co., which position he now fills with bono:' and credit to himself and the 
 many citizens of his native county. 
 
 Amos Gray, M. D., Dexter, was born in Windham Co., Vt., Feb. 2, 1804, and is 
 the son of Amos and Betsy (Taylor) Gray, natives of Massachusetts. Amos at- 
 tended the public schools of his native village until 19 years old, subsequently 
 being a student at Brattleboro .College for three terms. He taught school seven 
 winters, and then entered a medical college in Vermont, and graduated from 
 college at Pittsfleld, Mass., in 1830. He came to Michigan in 1882, and settled 
 in Dexter village the same year. When the cholera broke out in Calhoun county. 
 Dr. Gray was one of the first physicians called, and remained with the sufferers 
 till the epidemic had passed. Dr. Gray was an allopathic physician the first 
 17 years of his medical life, but at the expiration of that period he was converted 
 to the other school, and up to 1875, was a homeopathic physician of great prom- 
 inence. Since that time he has mostly retired fi'om active practice. Dec. 11, 
 1883, he married S. Jenetta Noble, born in Otsego Co. N. Y., May 13, 1813. Six 
 children were born to them, 4 of whom are living — Charles G., Helen, wife of J. 
 B.Parrand, Fort Harrison, Mich.; Emily S., wife of Samuel C. Cook, of Grand 
 
854 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Rapids, and Cora E. Augusta and William A. are deceased. Dr. Gvay is the 
 oldest practicing pliysician in Waslitenaw county, and assisted in organizing the 
 Episcopal Church of Dexter about 1840, officiating as Trustee of that body until 
 1876. He has held several local offices, and in politics adheres to the principles 
 of the Democratic party. 
 
 G. 8. Gregory, senior member of the firm of C. S. Gregoiy & Son, bankers, Dex- 
 ter; was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Aug. 15, 1816; son of Matthew F. and Nancy 
 (Seymour) Gregory. His parents were natives of Connecticut, and descendants of 
 bonny Scotland. Mr. G. was raised on a farm, and received but a limited edu- 
 cation, only being allowed to attend an academy one term. He was married he- 
 fore arriving at his 31st year to Margaret Vannest, and began married life on a 
 rented piece of ground, even going in debt for a team of horses and a wagon 
 He worked this land on " shares " for three years, and then bought a quarter sec- 
 lion of wild land, and moved upon it. This union has been blessed with 6 
 children, 5 of whom are still living — Nancy S., John V. N., Elizabeth J., Mary 
 L., Henry C. and Olive Leland, the latter dying on May 30, 1874. Mr. Gregory 
 and his wife are members of the Ej)iscopal Church, in which Mr. G. holds an 
 otficial position. In politics Mr. G. is a Democrat, and has been connected with, 
 that party ever since he became of age to vote. He has been honored with the 
 office of member of the Michigan Legislature, wliioh he held for three years, also 
 has been Supervisor of Scio tp. for four years and Trustee of Dexter High School 
 18 years. Mr. G. has been blessed abundantly in a financial way, and is to-day 
 probably the wealthiest man in Dexter. 
 
 Mr. Gregory first came to the Territory of Michigan Sept., 1834, and located 
 with his father's family on sec. 20, Scio tp., he then being about 18 years of age. 
 Mr. Gregory's parents lived in this county for nearly 2.5 years. They:had a 
 family of 7 children — only one, the subject of this sketch, coming to Michigan 
 with them. Their names were Abigail, Henry, Curtis, Olive, Ezra, Almond and 
 Chas. Seymour. In 1859 Mr. and Mrs. G. went to live with their son Henry, who 
 was then President of Devaux College at Niagara Falls, which was under the 
 auspices of the Episcopal Church of New York, he being a clergj^man. Here 
 they lived until 1859, when Mrs. G. succumbed to the constimption, a disease 
 with which she had been afflicted for many years. She died Dec. 18, 1859, aged 
 about 78 years. Her lm.sband returned to Dexter and resided with the subject of 
 this sketch, at whose house he died Jan. 11, 1869, aged 90 years, 5 months and 10 
 days. 
 
 Mr. C. S. Gregory is one of the oldest settlers now living in the county. 
 
 Albert Guest, merchant. Dexter, was born in New York State, Jan. 27, 1817. 
 He is the son of Richard and Phcsbe (Riggs) Guest, both natives of New Jersey, 
 the former of Welsh, and the latter of French descent. His father was a black- 
 smith in the early part of his life, but was farming when Mr. G. was born, and 
 the subject of this sketch had the advantage of being raised on .a farm, and com- 
 mencing life in a hard and rugged way, for which lie was very thankful afterward. 
 He was allowed to attend school in the winter, and received his early education 
 in the primitive methods taught in the " deestrict skules " of that day.In 1841 he 
 was united in marriage to Catharine Waldo, and she bore him 3 children, 1 of 
 which, a son, is still living, and is at present a successful portrait-painter in the 
 city of Chicago, 111. His wife was called away from her earthly home in 1848, 
 and in 1849, Mr. G. was married to Ellen Muscott, a lady of more than ordinary 
 culture and refinement. She is also a native of New York, and the fruit of this 
 latter marriage is 1 child, a daughter— Ella H., born July 7, 1853. She was 
 married to Edmund C. Hoyt, a bookkeeper and stenographer of good ability. Mr. 
 Guest commenced to learn his present trade (harness-making) at the age of 16, 
 and has faithfully adhered to it since, with the exception of two years (from 1851 
 to 1853) when he was forced to goto Californiato regain his lost health. He has 
 operated his trade in Dexter for over 40 years, and has been very successful 
 withal, owning a neat shop and a neat and substantial residence in the village. 
 
 John Henley, of the firm ofGoodale & Henley, proprietors I'elhi Mills, is a 
 native of New Jersey, and the only member of that family in this region of coun- 
 try. His parents, brothers and sisters are dead, and he knows of no relatives of 
 that name in the Western States. He was thrown upon his own resources at the 
 early age of 10 years, and the only schooling he received was two months at Ann 
 Ai-bor. At the age of 14, he entered a grist-mill at Ann Arbor, and learned the 
 trade, continuing in that business through life. In 1863 he married Harriet 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 855 
 
 Kimberley, a native of Webster tp, Washtenaw county. Three children have 
 been the result of this union— Cora A., Minnie C. and Nina Bertha. Mr. Henley 
 casts his vote with the party that placed Abraham Lincoln in the Presidential 
 chair. 
 
 James H. Hollist, Dexter, was born in Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1819. His parents 
 were Ira P. and Eunice (Woodward) Hollis, of English descent, the former a na- 
 tive of New York, and the latter a native of Connecticut. James H. received a 
 common-school education, and in 1856, moved to Washtenaw county, where he 
 has since resided. During his life, he has been engaged in several different kinds 
 of business, first starting as a stone-cutter, and operated a quarry, for nine years. 
 He owned a livery stable for four years, but of late has turned his attention to 
 farming, and doing carpenter work. He married Thana Saponia Hesmere, but 
 she departed this life in 1875. He was then married to Jane Van Fleet, a daugh- 
 ter of John Van Fleet. They have 3 children — George Marcus, Jeanette C, and 
 Ai-thm'. Mr. Hollis is a Democrat. 
 
 iS. W. Holmes was born in New York, in 1816, and is a son of John and Eliza- 
 beth (Wygant) Holmes, who were early settlers in this county. S. W. learned the 
 carpenter's trade when young, and worked at that business in Ohio, and later at 
 Ann Arbor. In 1838 he mai-ried Frances C. Peters, daughter of G. W., and sister of 
 George A. Peters. They have 5 children living — Frances J., now Mrs. Copeland , 
 Adda, widow of Mr. Wurster, deceased, who was killed by falling from a scaffold, 
 on Mr. Holmes' farm in 1876 ; Libbie, widow of Mr. Brigg, deceased, who de- 
 parted this life in 1877 ; Herman S., who married Edith Cushman, and is engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits, in Chelsea, and Eva, who resides at home with her parents. 
 Mr. Holmes is a convert to the Greenback policy, and is a member of the Scio 
 Grange. He is also a member of the Freemason and I. O. O. F. fraternities. 
 He has been successful in life, and at present owns a good farm. 
 
 Tobias Holmes, a pioneer of Washtenaw county, was born Aug. 26, 1834. Mr. 
 Holmes' grandparents on his father's side were natives of Ireland, and his mother's 
 parents were born in Pennsylvania, the father being of German descent, and the 
 mother of Scotch and German ancestry. Mr. Holmes' parents removed from 
 Ohio to Livingston Co., Mich, in 1836, with an ox team, and to this county in 
 1843. Upon arrival in Scio tp., he immediately set to work to build a log cabin. 
 He did so and left a hole in the roof to let out the smoke, not having time to build 
 a chimney. He had so much labor to do, that Tobias, although only 13 years old, 
 was set to work, and did not have time to attend school, only in the winter months. 
 Schools, like chimneys, were scarce in those pioneer days, but in a few years they 
 became plenty, and Tobias received a good common-school education. In 1847, 
 he married Catherine Warren, and six children have been given to them — Ellen 
 J., Elizabeth, Isabella, G. W., Mary E. and Herbert. Mrs. Holmes died, and Mr. 
 Holmes subsequently married Ida R. Lamphere, a native of Washtenaw county. 
 Her parents emigrated to this county in 1830, and settled near Ann Arbor. The 
 mother is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Holmes are connected with the M. E. 
 denomination. 
 
 /. T. Honey, attorney at law, Dexter, is a native of New York, where he was 
 born in 1837. His parents, Samuel and Elizabeth Honey, the former a native of 
 England, and the latter a native of Canada, emigxated to Michigan in 1850, and 
 settled in Ingham county, where the former is still living. J. T. had a great de- 
 sire for an education, so he worked out by the month, first at four dollars, and 
 finally at eight, and with the money thus earned, he was enabled to somewhat 
 gratify this thirst for knowledge. He commenced to study law in 1857, and in 
 1860 was admitted to the Bar. The same year he moved to Chelsea, Washtenaw 
 Co., and entered into partnership with A. J. Sawyer, now of Ann Arbor. He con- 
 tinued in this relation until 1861, when he removed to Dexter, where he has since 
 resided in the practice of his chosen profession. He was appointed Postmaster 
 of Dexter, by President Lincoln, which office he has since filled. He married 
 ■ Mary B. Deviney, born in 1843, and of English and French descent. They have 
 3 children — Bell, Robert and Kate. 
 
 /. 0. Hoyt, of the firm of Ball & Hoyt, dealers in general merchandise. Dexter, 
 was horn in Orange county, N. Y., March 20, 1839. He is the son of James and 
 Lydia (Leeds) Hoyt, both natives of Connecticut, and of English descent. He at- 
 tended school but a short time, and then learned the harness trade, which he 
 afterward followed successfully for 34 years, traveling through many of the 
 States. He came to Washtenaw county in 1 858, and settled in Ann Arbor, but 
 
856 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 two years later removed to Dexter, where he has since resided. At 28 years of age 
 he "was married to Jane W. Ludlum, also a native of Orange county, N. Y. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Hoyt are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. H's political views are 
 Republican, and he has been President of the corporation twice, and sei-ved two 
 terms as Township Treasurer. He entered into the present partnership in 1870, 
 and has been very successful in his new enterprise. 
 
 Jacob Jedele, at:, was born in Germany, in 1828. He is the son of Jacob and 
 Mary Jedele, who came to this country at an early day. He was sent lo the dis- 
 trict schools, but finished his education in Ann Arbor High School. Since his 
 school days he has been a farmer, in which business he has been very successful, 
 as he now owns 280 acres of choice improved land. In 1850 he was married to 
 Martha Rohm, and the result of this alliance has been 7 children, 4 boys and 3 
 girls, 2 of each being married. Mr. and Mrs. J. are members of the Lutheran 
 Church, and he is a Democrat. Mr. Jedele came to this county a poor man, but 
 by industry and perseverance has succeeded in accumulating a competency 
 sufficient to make smooth his path during the remainder of his days. He al- 
 ways stands in the front rank in any enterprise that tends to elevate or ennoble 
 the moral or educational views of the community. He resides on sec. 29, Scio tp., 
 with P. O. at Dexter. 
 
 ;S\ L. Jenney, dentist. Dexter, was born in New York, July 28, 1844. He is 
 the son of James and Abba L. (Taylor) Jenney, his father a native of Massachu- 
 setts, and liis mother a native of New York. "Mr. J. attended the school of his 
 native place for some years in his early life ; after being some time at the gi'aded 
 school he went to Poughkeepsie, where he obtained his commercial education. 
 He came to Washtenaw Co., and commenced to study dentistry with Dr. Miller, 
 of Dexter, and some time after opened an office of his own, where he soon 
 obtained a lucrative practice, and is at present enjoying a good run of custom. 
 In 1867 he was married to Eliza Tewksbury, and this union has been blessed 
 with one child — Ethel A. Mr. Jenney's office is in Ma.sonic Block, Dexter. 
 
 Stephen, G. Johnson, farmer, sec. 3, Scio tp., was born in Ontario, Canada. His 
 parents are William and Esther (Turney) Johnson, of English descent, the former 
 a native of New York, and the latter a native of Connecticut. S. G. received his 
 education in the schools of Canada, and in early life learned the carpenter's trade, 
 which he followed for 13 years. In 1837 he came to Washtenaw county, 
 and in 1844 settled in Scio tp. In 1843 he married Ellen Jane Seymour, a na- 
 tive of New York. They have 5 children — William T., Jane B., Esther H., Le- 
 vinia W.and Chester S. Mr. Johnson is a Republican, and has been elected to sev- 
 eral positions of honor and trust, in Scio tp. He owns a valuable farm. 
 
 James R. Joiner, hotel and livery, Dexter, was born in Pennsylvania July 20, 
 1830. He emigrated to this county in 1859, where he has since resided. He was 
 married in 1859 to Miss A. Butterfleld, a native of this county, where she was born 
 Feb. 22, 1838. Her parents were among the early settlers of this county, having 
 come here in 1836. By this marriage 6 children have been born to them — Fred- 
 erick, Fate, Nellie I., Minnie M., Louisa B. and William N. Mr. J. is a prominent 
 man in this county, and has filled the office of Deputy Sherifl', and minor offices 
 for several terms. He is doing a good business in Dexter, and is well-respected 
 by all with whom he has acquaintance. 
 
 L. H. Jones, retired merchant. Dexter, was born in New York, March £6, 1819. 
 He is the son of Ezra and Sarah (Calkins) Jones, both natives of Connecticut and 
 the former of Welsh descent, while the latter is of English ancestry. Mr. Jones' 
 parents came to Washtenaw county when he was but 14 years of age, and he as- 
 sisted his father on a farm in summer, and attended school in winter, till he was 
 of age to do for himself On Dec. 27, 1849, lie was married to Mary Dexter, 
 daughter of Samuel W. Dexter, an old pioneer and settler of Washtenaw coimty, 
 and at one time owning 1,700 acres of land in this county. Mr. Dexter was also at 
 one time the proprietor of the land where Dexter village now stands. Of this 
 marriage 1 child has been sent to make happy the old age of this good couple — 
 Fanny E., a member in good standing in the Episcopal Church, as are also he 
 father and mother. Mr. J. was in the mercantile trade in Waj'ne county, Mich., 
 for five years, and then coming to Dexter, be engaged iu the same business, but 
 of late years, having acquired a competency, has retired from the active pursuits 
 of life, and is resting the balance of his days in comfort and quietude. He is the 
 ovraer of 270 acres of land in Scio tp., and has a neat and substantial residence in 
 Dexter, where he now resides. Mr. Jones is a Democrat in politics, and has served 
 four years as Supervisor from Scio tp. 
 
'V'l^V^tA^ 
 
 ayhn/^^yt/^y^-^ 
 
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SCIO TOWNSHTP. 861 
 
 John Kalmbach, jr., farmer, sec. 1, Sciotp., was born in Germany in 1857. His 
 father, John Kalmbach, sr., came to Washtenaw county in 1869, where the subject 
 of this sketch was reared and educated. His mother's maiden name was Katie 
 Bebley, and she has borne her husband 5 children— George, Jacob, Christine, 
 Katie and John. John Kalmbacli, sr., and wife are members of tlie Lutheran 
 Church. 
 
 W. Irving Keal, druggist. Dexter, was born in Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1842. He 
 is the son of Thomas and Rosalind (Ela) Keal, the former a native of' England, and 
 the latter a native of New Hampshire. He attended the schools in Ann Arbor in 
 his early life, but since 1861 his occupation has been that of a druggist. He came 
 to Dexter in 1863, and entered into partnersnip with Dr. Ewing, but the latter dy- 
 ing in 1866, he has' oiserated the business alone. He was married in 1864 to Jen- 
 nie E. Smith, and they have 3 children — Nellie, George, and a baby not named. 
 Mrs. Keal is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. K. is a member of the Green, 
 back party, and has served as Township Clerk for three terms, lie is thoroughly 
 versed in all points of his business, and is making a success of his calling. 
 
 James Kearns, of the firm of Andrews & Kearns, carriage manufacturers. Dexter, 
 was the only son of Richard and Bridget (Dargen) Kearns, natives of Ireland, 
 who came to Ann Arbor in 1836 or 1837. The subject of this sketch was one of 
 two children, and born in Ann Arbor Julj' 19, 1843. His sister married John Mil- 
 len, a farmer of Lyndon tp., but died in 1879. Mr. K. is the only living member 
 of the family, having lost his father when but four years old, and his mother some 
 few years later. He attended the high school in Ann Arbor, where he received 
 his education. In 1866 he was married to Mary AValters. They have 3 children — 
 Richard, William and Mary Tressia. Mr. Kearns came to Dexter Nov. 4, 1867, and 
 worked at histrade of blacksmithing, and of late years has added the presenttrade 
 to the one he possessed. He is doing well, financially. Mr. K. and wife are mem- 
 bers of the Roman Catholic Church, and he is a Democrat, having filled several 
 offices in Dexter. He is a strong advocate of the temperance cause. 
 
 Marten Keck, farmer, sec. 33, Scio tp., was born in Germany April 5, 1827. He 
 came to Washtenaw county in 1854, and settled on the land where he now resides. 
 In 1857 he was married to Catherine Shibley. This alliance has been blessed 
 with the birth of 3 children, 2 boys and 1 girl — Catherine, aged 19 ; John, aged 16 
 and Samuel, aged 10. Mr. Keck owns lOU acres of excellent farmland in Scio tp. 
 and 18 acres in Lodi tp. All the family are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 Politically, Mr. K. votes with the Democratic party. 
 
 Daniel Larking, P. O., Dexter, was born March 4, 1794, and is the son of Daniel 
 and Bridget (Haran) Larkins, both natives of Ireland. He was raised a farmer's 
 hoy and received his education in the common schools. He came to Michigan 
 some years ago, and settled in Livingston county, where he held the office of Jus- 
 lice of the Peace, then came to Dexter about 1865, where he has since resided. 
 He sold his fann of 160 acres some time since, and has now retired from active 
 life. He was married in 18iJ9 to Mary Cortney ; of their 5 children all are mar- 
 ried and doing well. Mr. L. and wife are members of the Roman Catholic Church, 
 and politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 Dr. John Lee, physician, Dexter, was born at Toronto, Canada, March 1, 1848. 
 His father and mother were natives of North Ireland, and settled at Toronto, 
 when the name of the place was Little York, and contained only six or eight 
 houses. John graduated from the University of Toronto in 1867, also finishing a 
 course of study at the Commercial College the same year. He came to Michigan 
 in 1868, settling in Detroit, but remained there only six months, when he removed 
 to Washtenaw county, and found employment as a school-teacher. He gradu- 
 ated from the medical department of the University of Michigan, in March, 1876, 
 and subsequently located at Dexter, where he now enjoys a good practice. He is 
 a very promising young man, and enjoys the respect of all with whom he is ac- 
 quainted. In 1867 he married Miss E. F. McCausland, and they have had 3 chil- 
 dren — John W., Mary E. and Clara A. 
 
 Daniel Lyon, farmer, sec. 15, Scio tp,, was born in this county in 1834, and is 
 the son of L. M, and Luna (Lane) Lyon, natives of New Tork, and of English 
 descent. His early education was obtained in the district schools of Scio tp., and 
 finished in the Union School in Ypsilanti. He was married April 4, 1864, to 
 Sarah E. Ruckman, a native of Freedom tp., daughter of John and Phoebe (Lane) 
 Ruckman, natives of New Jersey. To this union 6 children were born — Mary, 
 Clara, Elmer, Sarah, Luna and Alma. Mr. and Mrs. Lyon are members of the 
 51 
 
862 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Congregational Church. He is the owner of 187 acres of choice improved land, 
 which he has accumulated hy 21 years' hard work. He is a member of the Urange, 
 and of the Washtenaw Co. Agricultural and Horticultural Societies. He is a He- 
 publican, and had two brothers serve in the Federal army during the war of the 
 Rebellion. 
 
 Eiisha Marsh was born in Scio tp. in 1845. His grandparents were John and 
 Margaret Marsh, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. His parents, 
 Jonas and Philinda (Quick) Marsh, settled in "Washtenaw county at an early day. 
 They were married Nov. 20, 1830, and on that day of the month in 1880 they cele- 
 brated their golden wedding. They were the parents of 10 children, all of whom 
 are married and doing well. The names of the children are-j-Amelia (now Mrs. 
 Metcaln, Hiram, Thomas, Harriet, Eiisha, Henry, Jane, Ezra, Stephen, Ellen 
 (now Mrs. Riley) and Rosanna (now Mrs. Young). Mr. Marsh was married in 
 1867 to Ellen Cunningham. They have 4 children — Henry Nelson, Stephen, 
 Anna F. and Rose Emma. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh are consistent members of the 
 Roman Catholic Church, and in politics he is Liberal. He was educated at the 
 Delhi Graded School. 
 
 Patrick MeQuinneis was born in this county in 1836, and is the son of John 
 McGuinness, an old pioneer of Dexter tp., settling there in 1885, and is still living 
 there. Mr. McG. traveled extensively when young, all over the Western Territories, 
 and walked from the mouth of Columbia river to the top of the Rocky Mountains. 
 He came back to the county, and in 1868 settled on sec. 8, in Scio tp. He was 
 married in 1869 to Julia O'Hara, and 8 children have been born to them — Jolm 
 W., James F., Robert A., Nellie E., Margaret L., and the twins, Carrie E. and 
 Mary E , and Elizabeth L. Mi McG. and wife are members of the Roman Catholic 
 Church. He is a Democrat. Has been Supervisor two terms, and held other tp. 
 offlces. 
 
 Edward Moore, farmer, sec. 34, Scio tp., was born in England in 1813. He is a 
 son of Edward and Mary (Sapey) Moore, both natives of England. He received 
 a good educational training in the schools of his native land, and in 1837 emi- 
 grated to this country, and the same year to Washtenaw county, where he arrived 
 with a lone 25 cents constituting his entire fortune. He hired out for $13 per 
 month, and by years of hard labor, perseverance and frugality managed to make 
 enough money to bu}' a piece of ground. He purchased the farm where he now 
 resides in 1850, and since that time has been very successful as a farmer and stock- 
 raiser. His estate comprises 150 acres of richly cultivated land, valued at $6) per 
 acre. In 1847 he was married to Charlotte Reed, and to this union 4 children 
 have been born — Emily J., George E., John H. and Carrie Ann. Mrs. Moore is a 
 consistent member of the Presbyterian Church at Ann Arbor. He is a Demo- 
 crat. 
 
 Charles A. Morris, farmer, sec. 18, Scio tp., was born in school district No. 8, 
 Scio tp., Washtenaw county, in 1834, and has resided there the greater part of his 
 life. He is the son of James and Elizabeth (Carson) Morris, the former of 
 English descent, and the latter a native of New York, and of Irish parentage. In 
 1855 he was married to Mary Williams, and to this union have been born 6 chil- 
 dren — Nellie J., Rosie J., Charles D. , George A., Olive and Willie. He owns 140 
 acres of richly cultivated land, and in politics adheres to the Republican adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Henry Osborne, lessee of Peninsula Mills, Dexter, was born in New York, Feb. 
 2, 1822, and is a son of Horace and Waty (Dunham) Osborne, natives of New York. 
 He received his educational training in the public schools of the " Empire State," 
 and learned the trade of a miller, which vocation he has successfully followed 
 through life. Ilis parents came to Washtenaw county in 1837, and built the mill, 
 a sketch of which will be found in another portion of this work. A few years 
 since Mr. Osborne leased the mill and has been operating it since. In 1854 he 
 married Catherine Casement, a native of the Isle of Man, and of English descent. 
 They have 1 child — Maria. Mrs. Osborne is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. 
 Osborne owns 100 acres of well-imoroved land, and is a Republican in politics, 
 
 James Osbnrne was born in New York, March 18, 1833. His parents were 
 Horace and Waty (Dunham) Osborne, who emigrated to Washtenaw county when 
 James was but four years old. He received his educational training in this 
 county, and learned the miller's trade, which he followed for some time In 1855 
 he married Ellen Tuomy. They have 6 children— Anna, Mary, Elizabeth, Nellie, 
 Horace and Harry. Mrs. Osborne is a member of the Roman Catholic Church . 
 Mr. Osborne is Republican in politics, and is a grain buyer at Ann Arbor. 
 
scio TowNsniF. 8C3 
 
 Edward Pacey, tarmer on sec. 17, Scio tp., is a native of this county, where he 
 was horu in 1836. His father is Edward Pacey, a native of England. He received 
 his educational training in the district schools of Scio tp., and since old enough 
 has been engaged in farming. He has been married three times. In 1860 to 
 Ann Gilkes, and 3 children were born to them. Mrs. Pacey died in 1870. His 
 second wife was Roselta Peach. His present wife was Margaret Jane ijmith, and 
 the latter union has been blessed with 1 child, a brighteycd little girl named 
 Reasa Bell. Mr. P. has resided in this county all his life, with the exception of 
 nine years spent in Livingston county, Micb. He is a Democrat, and owns a 
 fine farm of 380 acres. 
 
 John 8. Pacey, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 30, Scio tp. ; P.O., Dexter; was 
 born in England in i8'i8. He is the son of Edward and Hannah (Sales) Pacey, 
 who came to this county in 1833. He received part of his education in tlie 
 common schools, but also attended the Ypsilanti High School for several terms. 
 He was married in 1856 to Nancy S. Gregory, a daughter of C S. Gregory, a 
 prominent banker in Dexter. Mr. P, is a prominent farmer of Scio tp., and is 
 the possessor of 300 acres of richly improved land. He is a Democrat, and htld 
 the otEce of School Inspector for nearly 30 year.-i. In business, he has been 
 successful. 
 
 Oeorge C. Page, J. P., Dexter, was born in England Dec. 25, 1810; son of 
 William and Mary (Bunn) Page. He received but a limited education, only be- 
 ing allowed to attend school till he was 13 years of age, when he was bound to a 
 tailor and served as an apprentice at this trade for six years. At the end of this 
 time, and when but 19 years old, he concluded to try bis fortunes in the Western 
 world. He landed in New York city, and went from there to Rochester, where he 
 stayed for about one year. In 1830 he went to Canada and remained there some 
 two years, but desiring to go further into the wilds, he started once more, and 
 tinally settled down in Washtenaw Co., where he has since resided. Soon after 
 arriving in this county, he was united in marriage, May 8, 1833, to Ann Brown, 
 and the fruits of this union ai-e 4 children, all living except 1 son, who gave up 
 his life for liis country's cause in the late Rebellion. Mr. and Mrs. Page are 
 members of the Baptist Church in which body Mr. P. has held otBcial trusts, 
 being Clerk and Treasurer for several years. In politics Mr. P. is a Republican, 
 and has held the office of Justice of the Peace in Dexter for 31 years. Mr. Page 
 is one of the old pioneers of Washtenaw Co., having lived and worked on a farm 
 in Scio tp., the first 17 year.s of his residence in the county, but of late years being- 
 placed in some otlidal position, where he has given general satisfaction to all. 
 
 i«8ter C Prt/mer, manufacturer, Dexter, was born in Michigan in 1851. He 
 is the son of Luther and Hester C. (Lyon) Palmer, natives of New England. His 
 father came to Michigan, from New York, in 1830, and settled in Scio tp., when 
 it was but a wild and uncultivated region, and has often beheld over 40 deer pass- 
 ing his door in search of food. Mr. P. and his father are in the business of manu- 
 facturing woolen goods, under the firm name of L. Palmer & Son, and are doing 
 a good and substantial business, turning out a heavy grade of woolen cloths. In 
 1875 Mr. Palmer was married to Paulina Baker, and 1 child, Gertrude, has been 
 bom to them. Mrs. Palmer is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. P. is not 
 a member of any political party, but always casts his vote for the man of his 
 choice, regardless of party. In early life he was a clerk, but since then has been 
 connected with his father in the business he is now engaged in. 
 
 OHii T. Parker, farmer, sec. 30, Scio tp. ; P. O. Dexter, was born in this county 
 in 1833, and is the son of Russell and Hannah (Cowan) Parker, the former of 
 English and the latter of Scotch descent. He was sent to the district school to 
 receive his education, and when old enough was put to work on the farm, which 
 occupation he has successfully followed for several years. In 1856 he married 
 Emma Spaulding. They have 2 children — Alfred L., born Sept. 14, 1861, and 
 died Aug. 29, 1863 ; Clifford O., born Sept. 8, 1864. Mrs. P. is connected w^ith the 
 Congregational denomination, a native of Virginia, and of Scotch ancestry. Her 
 parents were early settlers of Washtenaw Co. Their son Clifford is receiving his 
 educational training in the district school of Lima tp. 
 
 Oeorge A. Peters, farmer, sec. 10, Scio tp., was born in New York in 1825. His 
 parents were G. W. and Amelia (Bolles) Peters, natives of Massachusetts, and of 
 English descent. They came to this county in 1826, where George A. was reared 
 and educated. He received his practical education at the end of a plow and 
 grabbing hoe. On April 18, 1855, he mai-ried Jane Jacobs, and 5 children have 
 
864 HISTORI OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 been bom to tliem^C. M. Clay, Howard S., Clarrie E., F. A. B. and Cora May. 
 Mr. Peters is familiarly known as " Pay-as-you-go," and had that motto cut in a 
 stone that formed part of the foundation of his barn. He is also a member of the 
 Scio Grange, who have the previoirsly mentioned motto engraved on their ban- 
 ners. Politically he adheres to the principles adopted by the Greenback party. 
 He started in life as a laborer, receiving |8 per month, and now owns 300 acres 
 of valuable land. The example is plain enough to need no comment. The pub- 
 lishers of this work are under special obligations to Mr. Peters for his valuable 
 labors as a member of the Historical Committee from Scio tp. 
 
 A7110S B. Phelps, farmer, sec. 7, Scio tp. ; P. O., Dexter ; was born in New York 
 in 1824. He is the son of Alexander and Margaret (Bigelow) Phelps, natives of 
 Connecticut, and of English descent, who came to this county in 1831, and set- 
 tled on see. 18, Scio tp. Mr. P. was raised a farmer'.s boy, and received his edu- 
 cation in the public schools of the county. On July 2(i, 18.55, he was married to 
 Elizabeth Pacey, and the fruits of this marriage are 4 children— Franklin, Charles 
 A., Everett J. and Carrie J. Mr. P. is a successful farmer, owning 340 acres of 
 land. He is a Republican. 
 
 Norman A. Phelps, insurance agent, Dexter, was born in Connecticut Jan. 27, 
 1808, and was a son of Alexander and Margaret (Bigelow) Phelps, the former a 
 native of Connecticut, and the latter a native of Massachusetts. In 1830 he emi- 
 grated west and settled in Washtenaw county, locating on 80 acres of land on sec. 
 17, Scio tp., which he bought of the Government. On May 12, 1835, he married 
 Mary A. Young, born in England, March 5, 1812, and daughter of George and 
 Sarah (Ellis) Young, natives of England, who emigrated to this country in 1832. 
 Seven children have been sent to bless this union — George W., Harrison T., Al- 
 fred E., Harry M., Sarah J., wife of Marcus Cook, of Lima tp., Thomas Y. and 
 Edgar, the latter being killed during the Rebellion. Mr. Phelps has represented 
 Scio tp. in the Board of Supervisors, and has officiated in several other township 
 offices. In 1865, he assisted in establishing the bank now owned by C. S. Greg- 
 ory & Son. Mr. P. is a member of both the Mason and I. O. O. F. fraternities, and 
 politically is a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Phelps are faithful members of the 
 M. E. Church. Although Mr. Phelps had but little with which to commence life, 
 3ret by hard labor, economy and perseverance, he accumulated a large landed es- 
 tate and a few years since divided his farm of 280 acres among his children. 
 
 George TV. Pratt, lumber dealer, Dexter ; was born in Washtenaw Co. Aug. 3, 
 1841. He is the son of Reuben and Charity (Peatt) Pratt, both natives of New 
 York, and of French descent. He received his education in the common schools 
 of Dexter, attending school about three months in each year, and assisting his 
 father on the farm the remainder of the time. In about 1855, he started in the 
 lumber business in Dexter, which he has followed since, with the exception of 
 three years. These three years he spent doing service for his country in the war 
 of the Rebellion, entering the 11th Mich. Vol. Inf., Co. H, as private, and soon - 
 after appointed as Orderly on the staff of Gen. Teriy, and then ofHciating as Cor- 
 poral, Surgeon, and lastly as Post Quartermaster Sergeant. He was married Dec. 
 8, 1869, to'Emeline Arnold. They have 2 children — Harry and Aggie. 
 
 H. J. Rogers, miller. Dexter, was born in New York, Feb. 18, 1853. His 
 parents, Ira M. and Margaret (Ceichard) Rogers, were natives of New York, and 
 of German descent. The subject of this sketch was married in 1879 to Mary 
 Potter, a faithful and consistent member of the M. E. Church. His father was a 
 successful farmer, and well-to-do in this world's goods. Mr. R, learned the 
 miller's trade when quite young, and coming to Michigan in 1874, he stopped in 
 Jackson county, where he worked at his trade for some time, and then removed 
 to Dexter, Washtenaw county, and in 1880 rented the City Mills, which he has 
 operated very successfully since. 
 
 Matthew P. Rogers, mason, Scio tp. ; P. 0., Dexter; was born in Vermont in 
 1814. He is the son of Uriah and Typhena (Boyden) Rogers, the former a native 
 of Connecticut, of Irish descent, and whose grandfather came over in the May- 
 flower; the latter was a native of Vermont, and of Irish descent also. Mr. Rogers 
 learned the mason's trade when a young man, and has followed that business 
 since. On July 80, 1846, ho was married to Jane R. Ames, and they have been 
 blessed with 4 children, 3 of whom are living. After the death of his first wife he 
 married Mrs. Stone, whose maiden name was Lucinda Patient, and the daughter 
 of an old pioneer, her father having settled near Dexter tp. in 1838. The lady 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 865 
 
 was torn in this county in 1818. Mr. Rogers lives just outside of Dexter village. 
 In politics he belongs to the Democratic party. 
 
 John W. Hosier, farmer, sec. 7, 8cio tp., was born in this county in 1856. He is 
 the son of Horace and Christina A. (Walton) Rosier, who were early settlers in 
 this region of country. The former was a successful farmer, and at the time of 
 his death, which occurred in 1874, was worth about |30,000. J. W. is the second 
 of a family of 6 children, 3 of whom are living — Alice, Horace and Willis M. He 
 was reared on a farm, and has followed that occupation the greater part of his 
 life. His early education he received at the district schools in ttie neighborhood, 
 and afterward attended the public schools of Dexter. In 1876 he was united in 
 marriage to Emma B. Smith, daughter of John Smith, of this county. She is a 
 faithful member of the Baptist Church. Mr. R. is connected with the Greenbacli 
 organization, and has ably represented tliat body in several county and State con- 
 ventions. 
 
 John Smith, farmer, sec. 9, Scio tp., was born in Ireland in 1814, and is a son of 
 Thomas and Rosa (Sloan) Smith, natives of the "Emerald Isle." He learned the 
 weaver's trade in early life, and worked at it for several years. In 1842 he 
 married Ann McGinn. They have 3 children — James, Henry and Richard . In 
 1843 Mr. Smith emigrated to the United States, and settled on the farm where he 
 now resides, which is under a high state of cultivation. When he first came 
 to the county he worked on the M. C. railroad as a day laborer, receiving only 
 $12 per month, for over five years. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are faithful members of 
 the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 John L. Smith is a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Scio tp. He was born 
 in England in 1827, and is the son of Adam and Margaret (Lamb) Smith. He 
 received his education in district eight, of Scio tp., and is still living on sec. 18. 
 He came to Washtenaw county Sept. 13, 1833, and settled where he now resides, 
 being the owner of 370 acres of well-improved land. He is a Republican in poli- 
 tics, and has the confidence of the people so well that when Scio tp. went 60 
 majority for the Democrats, he carried it for Supervisor by 68 majority. Nov. 
 25, 1852, he was united in marriage to Sarah E. Smitli, a lady of the same name 
 but no connection. Five children have been born to them — Jennie, wife of 
 Thomas Y. Phelps; Emma, wife of John Rosier, a prominent farmer and Green- 
 hacker; Thomas, Sarah Ann and Jay. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the 
 Baptist Church. 
 
 Charles H. St. Glair was born in New Jersey, Jan. 1, 1840. His parents, 
 William and Sarah Ann (Dixon) St. Clair, were natives of New Jersey, and of 
 French descent. Mr. St. Clair has been engaged in agricultural pursuits the 
 greater part of his life, and now owns 130 acres of good farm land. In 1860 he 
 married Maria J. Tremper, daughter of Jacob and Maria (Roosa) Tremper, 
 early settlers in Washtenaw county. The father was born in 1790, and died in 
 September, 1878. The mother was born in 1802, and is still living. This marriage 
 was blessed with 7 children — Jacob E., John C, Alvin C, Ida May, Willie, Lucy 
 Maud and Myrtle Ann. Mr. and Mrs. St. Clair are members of the M. E. Church, 
 and he is a Republican. 
 
 William Stephens, farmer, Scio tp., was born in Ireland in 1835, and is a son 
 of John Stephens. William was raised and educated in Ireland, and emigrated 
 to America at an early day, and to Dexter, Washtenaw county, in 1850. Immedi- 
 ately upon arrival he opened a shop, and began the manufacture of boots and 
 shoes. His business prospered, and he added a stock of dry-goods and groceries, 
 doing a fair mercantile business for over 20 years. In 1876 he married Mrs. Cas- 
 sanda Hall, widow of S. T. Moore, who died in 1864. By her first marriage she 
 had 3 children — Maud, Omar and Mabel. Mrs. Stephens' father was an early 
 settler in Dexter tp. At present Mr. Stephens is engaged in farming 370 acres of 
 land which he possesses. 
 
 Henry B. Stonnard, farmer, sec. 31, Scio tp. ; P. O , Dexter; was born in Ver- 
 mont in 1825. and emigrated to Michigan in 1852, and to Washtenaw county in 
 1860. In 1862 he married Julia D., born in Connecticut in 1835, and a daughter 
 of Samuel W. and Melilcent (Bond) Stonnard. They have 4 children — Charles 
 H., Gordon E., Howard D. and Jane. Mr. Stonnard resides on the old home- 
 stead of Judge Dexter. 
 
 Dr. William Taylor, physician and surgeon, Dexter, was born in Dublin, Ire- 
 land, Dec. 19, 1821, and first visited America in 1850, while ofliciating as Surgeon 
 on hoard a steamship. He was six years at sea in this capacity, under the Amer- 
 
866 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ican flag, and in 1858 came to Washtenaw county, locating in Dexter village. He 
 commenced tlie study of medicine at the youthful age of 15, and passed ex- 
 amination at Apothecary Hall of Ireland College for surgeon, in 1841, and received 
 a diploma signed by the celebrated Sir Astley Cooper. The Dr. practiced medi- 
 cine in England under an old and experienced surgeon, and when he settled in 
 Washtenaw county, he was fully able to attend to the most delicate and intricate 
 surgical operations. On June 39, 1863, he married Mary A. Dancer, who was 
 born in England in 1835. They have 1 child — William. Dr. Taylor enjoys at 
 present a large and remunerative practice. 
 
 Albert Trempre, farmer, sec. 23, Scio tp., was born in Washtenaw county in 1835, 
 and is a son of Jacob and Maria (Roosa) Trempre, of German descent. Albert was 
 reared and educated in this county, and in 1861 married Miss L. Andrews. They 
 have 4 children — Ada Bella, Lucy Amelia, Katie and Hattie. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Trempre are charter members of Scio Grange. He is the owner of 86 acres of 
 tillable land. 
 
 Saiiivel Tubbs, farmer, sec. 13, Scio tp., ■\\'as born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 
 1834. Hi.s parents were George and Sophronia (Walters) Tubbs, early settlers in 
 Washtenaw count}'. Samuel was the recipient of a fair education, and in 1867 
 was married to Prances Eliza Randall, and 3 children have been given to them. 
 Mr. Tubbs is a prominent farmer, and owns 317 acres of ^-aluable land. Mrs. 
 Tabbs is a consistent member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Tubbs was 
 but three months old when his parents brought him to Washtenaw county. 
 
 William W. Tubbs, farmer, was born in Orleans county, N. T., Dec. 3, 1839. His 
 parents were George and Rebecca (Walters) Tubbs, of English descent, the for- 
 mer a native of Vermont, and the latter a native of Connecticut. They came to 
 this county in 1833, and settled on sec. 13, Scio tp., where the former died in 1854, 
 the latter following him one year later. Mr. Tubbs \ias reared and educated in 
 Washtenaw county, and wisely chose the vocation of a farmer, in which business 
 he has been very successful. He owns loO acres of well-improved land, also malt- 
 ing a specialty of raising hogs. On Nov. 28, 1860, he married Lucy Ann Barnes. 
 Her parents were pioneers of the county, and her father taught school in Ann 
 Arbor, at a very early date. Mr. and Mrs. Tubbs are members of the Congrega- 
 tional t hurch, situated in Webster tp. Mr. Tubbs has been elected as Superin- 
 tendent, Secretarj' and Treasurer of the Sunday-school, numerous times. In 
 politics he believes in the principles adopted by the Republican party. 
 
 Patrick Tuomy was born in Ireland in 1830. His parents, Timothy W. and 
 Joanna (Roach) Tuomy, emigrated to America, and settled on sec. 33, Scio tp., 
 Washtenaw county, in 1835, where the former died in 1864, in his 79th j'ear, and the 
 latter in 1879, aged 80 j^ears. Patrick was reared in this county, and received his 
 education in the select schools of Ann Arbor. In 1871 he married Elizabeth Clark, 
 and 4 children have been sent to bless this alliance — Prancis Clark, Cornelius, 
 Timothy Justin and Eugene Hilton. ^Ir. and Mrs. Tuomy are consistent mem- 
 bers of the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Tuomy and his brother own 268 acres 
 of valuable land. 
 
 WMidin R. Tuomy, farmer, sec. 21, Scio tp. ; P. O., Dexter; was the oldest of a 
 family of 8 children, and born in Ireland, in April, 1819. He is the son of Timo- 
 thy W. and Joanna (Roach) Tuomy. He came to Washtenaw county in 1835, and 
 settled on the same sec, where he now resides. He is the owner of a choice farm 
 of 180 acres, well improved, and has a brick house erected on it, costing over 
 $3,000. Mr. T. Tas married in 1855 to Levina Smith. They have 7 children, all 
 living. They are — William Henry, John C, James S., Mary B., Nellie, Charles 
 D. and Mattie. Mr. Tuomy and family are members of the Roman Catholic 
 Church, 
 
 Benjiimin W. Waite, retired farmer. Dexter, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., 
 in 1811. He is the sou of Benjamin and Polly (Whedon) Waite, the former being 
 born in New Y'ork, and the latter a native of Vermont, both of English descent. 
 Mr. W. was sent to the public schools of his native place, and received all his ed- 
 ucation in the county in which he was born. He was brought up on a farm and 
 has been in that business all his life. He was married in 1834 to Lois Ann Hicks, 
 a member of the Baptist Church. They have been blessed with 4 children, all of 
 whom are living. Mr. W.'s political views are Republican, and he has served 
 that party faithfully on important occasions in the past, being elected Supervisor, in 
 1848 ; to the State Legislature in 1850 ; was a member of the committee selected to 
 revise the Constitution of Michigan, in 1850; was Superintendent of the Poor of 
 
SUIO TOWNSHIP. 867 
 
 this county for 20 years, and also President of the Washtenaw Mutual Fire Insur- 
 ance Company for four years. He came to this county in 1839, settling in Scio town- 
 ship ; and has seen many changes since then in the once uninhabited and wild 
 county. He bought and worked a large farm of 200 acres, and a few years ago 
 sold it for $80 per acre. At present he is living in Dexter village, where he owns 
 a nice residence, costing about $4,000 when erected. 
 
 Benjamin W. Waite, jr., farmer, sec. 4, Scio tp., was born in New York, Nov. 
 18, 1838. He is the son of B. \V. and Louisa Ann (Hicks) "\^'aite, natives of New 
 York, and the former of German descent. In 1862 he married Electa Chapin, 
 and 3 children are the result of this marriage — C. M., Agnes and Edith E. Mr. 
 Waite has been more than ordinarily prosperous in farming, and at present owns 
 230 acres of well-improved land. 
 
 Dennis Warner, retired merchant. This gentleman is one of the oldest settlers 
 now living in the village of Dexter. He^^•as born in the town of Cornwall, Ad- 
 dison Co., Vt., May 17, 1812, and was the son of Jared and Anna (Rockwell) War- 
 ner, both natives of Connecticut. Tlie Warners were of English origin, and the 
 Rockwells from Scotland. Dennis' grandparents, Philip Warner and John Rock- 
 well, were pioneers of the Green Mountain State. .Tared Warner had a family of 
 6 children, 4 sons and 2 daughters, whose names, in their order were — Horace, 
 Willis, Lucy (who married Amos W. Davis), Dennis (the subject of this sketch), 
 Anna (who married Lucius L. Cooper) and Jared. 
 
 When Dennis was 13 years of age his father died, and he was then (March, 
 1827) bound out until the age of 21 to Warren Spaukling, a farmer in the town of 
 Shoreham, Vt., with the privilege of attending school one month eacli wintei'. 
 Three years afterward Mr. Spaulding failed and came west to jMichigan, leaving 
 Dennis free to take care of himself The latter then (in the spring of 1830) let 
 himself to a Mr. Julius DeLong, of Cornwall, Vt., to learn the tanning, currying 
 and shoemaker's trade. After ■norking about one and a half years, faring hard 
 and being poorly clothed, he left his situation and worked two months with 
 'Squire Aaron Lawrence, at Shoreham, earning money sufficient to buy some good 
 clothes. He then attended Newton Academy in Shoreham a term of three 
 months, working for his board and going in debt for his tuition. By this time 
 his clothes had become too shabby for service at the counter, and he determined 
 to make a venture. He accordingly presented himself to a stranger, a merchant in 
 Shoreham named James Turrell, described to him his situation and asked for credit. 
 Mr. T. promptly replied, "Yes; I know you will pay me, from the looks of your 
 face." A prouder, happier boy never breathed than Dennis at this time, and this 
 reply of the stranger exerted an influence upon the mind and heart of youthful 
 Dennis which has run through all his life. 
 
 His sister made his clothes for him, and he then engaged as clerk in the store 
 of Matthew Watson Burchard, at Watch Point, on the shore of Lake Champlain, 
 at $3 a month. Here he worked for two years, so economizing as to pa}' all his 
 debts. He was now of age, and desired to emigrate to Michigan with his sisters 
 and brother-in-law, A. W. Davis, who had caught the "Western fever." His em- 
 ployer was anxious to retain him two years longer and then make him a partner. 
 Until his relatives got readj- to start, two months afterward, Mr. W. worked on a 
 farm for Levi O. Burchard,'a brother of his former employer, at $12 a month, 
 with which money he could defray his traveling expenses. The parties started 
 West about Sept. 1, 1833, by the steamer Phmmx, from Larrabee's Point on Lake 
 Champlain to Whitehall, N. Y., by the canal to Buflfalo, thence by steamer to 
 Detroit, where they hired a team to take them 50 miles through the woods to the 
 town of Sylvan, where lived Arnold Davis, a brother of A. W., who had come 
 West the year previous. They arrived about the last of September. 
 
 At this time Mr. W. had but a " five-franc " piece (94 cents) in his purse. Be- 
 ing eager to secure some land near by on sec. 13, at the Government price, he 
 borrowed |100, at 14 per cent., and at once seized an offered job of cutting rails 
 from the standing trees, at 50 cents per 100. Many a night found the honest and 
 ambitious youth with aching arms and blistered hands, so recently from behind 
 the counter, determined that, if a will would woi-k out a way to bring him a com- 
 petence and Independence in future years, it should not be wanting. He made 
 a little money at this heavy business, and learned also to make shingles and with 
 them roof the numerous log houses which rapid immigration found necessary. 
 At first he made shingles for a Mr. Thomas Sill, at $12 a month, and afterward 
 took contracts, working busily from early morn till late at night. He would rise 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 two hours before the sun, walk seven miles, and before noon have one side of a 
 roof covered with shingles, working all alone. 
 
 Thus he was soon enabled to repay his borrowed money ; and after selling his 
 80-acre piece at an advanced price, he purchased two 80s, in the town of Lima. 
 He had 10 acres l)roken, rolled up a log cabin, and prepared for housekeeping by 
 marrying Miss Harriet iST. Wines, daughter of 'Squire Mahlon Wines, Feb. 1, 
 1835. In order to obtain the means for purchasing farming utensils, he had 
 hired out, a week before his marriage, as clerk for a year for Charles P. Cowden, 
 a dry-goods merchant at Dexter, at f 18 a month and house rent. By the close of 
 the year he had saved enough to buy a cow, a yoke of oxen, and a few implements 
 for farming ; and Apj'il 1, 1838, a happiei' couple never took possession of a pala- 
 tial home. 
 
 As an illustration of the difficulty of breaking the original soil, we may state 
 that six yoke of oxen were required, and the plowshare had to be sharpened 
 every morning. For the latter jiurpose Mr. Warner had to put it into a bag, and 
 carry it over ins shoulders a distance of three miles. He would return in time 
 to do a day's work before night. 
 
 The first season of Mr. W's farming operations the crops failed, and the ter- 
 rible financial crisis of 1837 .set in; and the "last pound that broke the camel's 
 back" in Mr. Warner's affairs was the loss of one of the oxen, for this caused him 
 to leave his farm, rent it out, and move into Dexter to retrieve his lost fortune. 
 Here the first winter he shoveled gravel on the embankment across the creek, 
 for the track of the 'SI. C.raili'oad; then he resorted to shoe-making; aftei' a few 
 months he borrowed .flOO, at 18 per cent, interest, and bought a stock of leather, 
 employed a hand to help, and soon another hand, and another until in a few years 
 he had 14 in his emploj^ 
 
 The numerous wants of so many people, aud some with families, suggested to 
 Mr. Warner the idea of bringing on a stock of genera] merchandise, and he went 
 to New York city, somewhat after the same plan as he went to buy clothes when 
 a boy ; although a stranger to the dealers he was trusted by them, and he brought 
 home a fine stock of diy-goods, groceries, boots and shoes, hardware, leather and 
 findings, etc., etc. The |100 which he had borrowed was paid within a year, and 
 the Dutchman of whom he borrowed it was anxious to lend him more money, 
 even at a lower rate of interest, saying, " Vel, I lets you have it at 15 per cent." 
 This was the last money which Mr. W. ever borrowed. However, during his busi- 
 ness career he was often in debt, but he never allowed an obligation to pass the 
 time of its redemption. He carried on this mercantile business for 33 years, his 
 patronage increasing so that he went to Kew York twice a year, and sometimes to 
 Boston, Buffalo and Detroit, for supplies. His sales sometimes amounted to more 
 than $30,000 a year. 
 
 At the close of this 33 year.s of acti-\-e business, he began to feel old age creep- 
 ing over him, and he concluded to sell out and take the ]-emaiuder of life easy. 
 He is therefore now enjoying the fruits of his life's labors, being the owner of 
 much valuable business propert}' in Dexter and three good farms, one of which 
 consists of 150 acres, adjoining the village, and on which are surveyed lots. He 
 contributes a great deal to benevolent objects. Last year he gave |550 to Olivet 
 College. He has also suffered many severe losses, especially by fire, and was 
 often discouraged. Twice was the "whole block consumed in which his stores 
 were situated, losing two stores by each fire, which swept away nearly all his 
 possessions. The little insurance he had, proved to be in worthless companies. He 
 also lost his family one by one until he was left alone. His first wife died April 
 28, 1847, the 2 children having died previously. For his second wife he mar- 
 ried Mrs. Martha M. Ellis, formerly Murdock, April 14, 1855. There is now 1 
 son, Charles Henry, who is living at home. Mr. Warner is a member of the 
 Congregational Church, and in politics is a decided Republican. He has served 
 his township in various local offices. 
 
 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Warner will be found on pages 858-9. 
 
 MartlM M. Warner was born in Framingham, Mass , Jan. 30, 1835, the eldest 
 daughter of a family of 7, by her father's second wife. Her father, Samuel Mur- 
 dock, was of Scotch descent and was born in Westminster, Mass.; her mother, 
 Nabby Stone, was born in Frammgham, Mass. The family came to Rochester, 
 N. Y., in 1838, living there and at Penfield, a few miles out of the city, until 1839. 
 The year previous, 1838, her mother died and was buried at Mt. Hope, Roches- 
 ter. In the spring of 1839, the family came to Ypsilanti, Mich., to place his 
 
SCIO TOWNSHIP. 869 
 
 daughters in the family of an old friend, and under the instruction of Miss Eliza 
 Qark, formerly of Derry, N. H., a graduate of Mount Holyoke, Mass., whom he 
 afterward married. With her the subject of this sketch began pursuing her 
 studies preparatory to, and an application was made for, an entrance the following 
 year at Holyoke ; but owing to losses in her father's business, with long sickness and 
 death of her step-mother, and brother Henry Martyn, changed her plan, and she as- 
 sumed the place of housekeeper for her father, instead of fitting herself for teach- 
 ing, as had been her intention, She was manied to John C. Ellis, of Ypsilanti, 
 May 1, 1845, coming immediately to Dexter. He died Feb. 25, 1848. Kate, now 
 Mrs. W. H. Morehouse, of Emporia, Kansas, was the only child of this union. 
 Subsequently she was married to Dennis Warner, April 14, 1855. Charles H., 
 still with them, is their only child, Mrs. W. united with the Presbyterian Church 
 at Penfleld, N. Y., at 12 years of age. On coming to Dexter she united with the 
 Congregational Church, as there was no Presbyterian Church here. Only two 
 besides herself remain of the family of 7 : S. W. Murdock, of this place, and Mrs. 
 J. B. Smith, of Jacksonville, 111. Two died in inl^ancy and were buried at Fram- 
 jngham, Mass., a brother at Ypsilanti, and a sister, Mrs. D. C. Whitwood, at El- 
 wood, Detroit. By her father's first marriage the only child, Mrs. T. D. Eames, 
 of Jacksonville, 111., still lives. 
 
 Hon. William Warnei\ lumber and hardware merchant. Dexter, was born in 
 Connecticut in 1806, and was a son of Curtis and Eunice Warner, of Scotch de- 
 scent, and natives of Connecticut, where the former died. In 1826 Mrs. Warner 
 and William immigrated to Washtenaw Co., and settled in Dexter tp. In 1844, in 
 Wayne Co., Mich., he married Helen A. Holmes, born in New York, in 1821, and 
 daughter of Eosecrantz and Sallie Holmes. They had 4 children by the mar- 
 riage, 2 of whom are living — Eva W., wife of Nicholas Macken, of Minnesota, and 
 AnnaL. Maiy H. and William H. are deceased. Mr. Warner was elected to 
 several local offices, and in 1851 was nominated by the Republican party to rep- 
 resent Washtenaw county in the Michigan Legislature, and the following autumn 
 was elected by a handsome majority. He filled the office with honor to himself 
 and credit to his constituents. He is the happy possessor of 290 acres of nicely 
 cultivated land, and also owns a half interest in 440 acres of land left by his de- 
 ceased brother. 
 
 Byron G. Whitaker, of the firm of Warner & Whitaker, dealers in lumber and 
 machinery, Dexter, was born in Yates Co., N. Y., May 30, 1835. He is the son 
 of Isaac and Achsah (Cushman) Whitaker, both natives of New York, and of 
 English descent. Mr. W.'s parents came to Washtenaw county when he was a 
 baby, and he was raised in the State. He went to the common schools for a 
 while, but finished his education in the Ypsilanti High School, wliicli institu- 
 tion he attended two years. He farmed it for several years in Lima tp., and while 
 residing there served as Township Treasurer and Supei-visor. He traveled as sales- 
 man for the Champion Reaper Co., from 1875 till 1879,and was very successful in this 
 line. At tile latter period he entered into partnership with William Warner,and the 
 firm now does a successful business in lumber and agricultural implements. He 
 was married Dec. 17, 1861, to Lucinda Holmes, and 1 child, Anna May, is the 
 result of this union. Mrs. Whitaker is a member of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Murray 8. White was born in Washtenaw Co. Dec. 18, 1848. The grandfather 
 of Mr. White came to Washtenaw county in 1834. His parents were Henry K. 
 and Martha (Stone) White, and 6 children were born to them. Murray S. re- 
 ceived a common-school education, also attended the Ann Ai'bor High School. 
 In 1872 he married Sarah A. White, who was not a relative. In politics Mr. White 
 is a Republican. 
 
 Mrs. Mary A. Willcox was bom in Ii'eland in 1825. She is the daughter of 
 James and Miaiy (Ferguson) Henning, both natives of Ireland, and old pioneers 
 of this county, coming here in 1833, and before Michigan was admitted as a State. 
 They settled on sec. 9 in Scio tp. Mrs. W. has 3 sons — Edward G., bom April 19, 
 1856, and David Tracy, born March 2, 1861. She is the proud possessor of 160 
 acres of fine farming land, and resides there, while her sons work the farm. 
 The youngest son, David Ti'acy, has been attending the Michigan University. 
 Mrs. Willcox has one sister who has been quite a proficient teacher for many 
 years. 
 
 B. B. Williams, manufacturer. Dexter, was born in New York, in 1831. He 
 is the son of William T. and Amanda (Burnett) Williams, both natives of New 
 York, and of English and Irish descent. Mr. B. received his early education in 
 
870 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COtJNTr. 
 
 the district schools of his native State, and when a young man came West to 
 seek his fortune. He worked at the carpenter's trade in Ann Arbor the first six 
 years he was in the county, and then turned his attention to farming, and worked 
 a farm in Wehster tp. for tlie next 10 years. Getting tired of this and thinking he 
 could better his coudition at his old trade, he came to Dexter and started a sash, 
 blind and door factory, which he has operated since. He owns one of the best 
 manufactories of this kind in the county, and has the reputation of turning out 
 good and substantial material. He was married in 186(5 to Clarissa C. Cooley, 
 and 2 children were born to them — Herbert A. and Anna L., both living. In 
 politics Mr. W. is a Republican. 
 
 J . W. Wing is a prominent farmer of Scio tp., and a worthy member of the Pio- 
 neer Society of Washtenaw County. His ancestors are traced back to the 16tli 
 century on his father's side, when they emigrated from England and settled near 
 Massachusetts bay ; those on his mother's side, whose name was Lee, were from 
 London, England, and settled near Ipswich, Essex Co., Mass., in 1635. His 
 father, Benjamin Wing was born at Hardwick, Mass., Oct. 32, 1774, and his 
 mother, Rebecca Lee, was born at Barre, Mass., March 24, 1780. They were mar- 
 ried Feb. 24, 1800. Mr. Wing was born upon a farm near Sullivan, Madison Co., 
 ]Sr. Y., Seirt. 14, 1820. When 12 years of age he accompanied his parents to Mich- 
 igan, and settled on a farm in what is now Scio tp., Washtenaw Co. His early 
 educational advantages were limited, but in 1837 he attended an academy at Ann 
 Arbor where he remained one j^ear. Hon. John Farnsworth, of Illinois, and Hon. 
 Orlando Loomis, were two of his classmates. While at school Mr. Wing studied 
 surveying and civil engineering, and subsequently assisted in laying out a large 
 portion of Ann Arbor city. In 1838 he commenced to teach school in Livingston 
 Co., Mich. ; in 1842-'3, he taught school at Howell, Mich., where he prepared 
 several teachers for duties in a school ; in 1838 he bought 120 acres of land in 
 Livingston Co., which he sold in 1844; he then removed to Ann Arbor city, and 
 in 1831 purchased the Capt. Perkin's estate, in Scio tp., comprising 240 acres, 
 where he has .since resided. Mr. Wing was married May 22, 1843, to Matilda 
 Judson, who departed this life in 1849. In 1854 he was united in marriage to 
 Harriet Bradford, a native of New York. They have 3 children — Minnie, born 
 May, 1858; George, born May, 1861; and May, born May, 1867. Mr. Wing has 
 never used liquor or tobacco at any time in his life, and is also a prominent mem- 
 ber of that progressive order known as the Patrons of Husbandrj', an organization 
 which has, perhaps, done more to advance the science and success of agriculture 
 in the United States than all others put together. He is a man of enlarged re- 
 ligious, political and educational ideas, and has served his fellow men in differ- 
 ent official positions. Mr. Wing and his brother, Hon. Washington Wing, of 
 Elgin, 111., a former member of the Michigan State Legislature, are the only living 
 members of the family of eight who came to Michigan in 1882. 
 
 Charles ©. Zalin (deceased) was born in Germany in 1881, vj'here he received 
 his education. He accompanied his parents to America in 1846, and 10 years 
 later was united in marriage to Catherine F. Realj% a native of Germany, who 
 immigrated to America in 1844. Seven children were born to them, all living 
 with their mother. Mr. Zahn was in political sympathy with the Democratic 
 party. He died Feb. 26, 1876, leaving to his wife a valuable farm of 85 acres. 
 
 Dr. William B. Ziegenfuss, physician and surgeon. Dexter, was born in Penn- 
 sylvania Aug. 8, 1854, and is a son of George and Catherine Ziegenfuss. William 
 came to this county in 1876, and entered the medical dejjartment of Michigan 
 University, graduating in June, 1878. He located in Dexter in the autumn of 
 1879 where he has since resided in the practice of his profession. The Dr.'s 
 early educational facilities were rather limited, but he obtained sutflcient knowl- 
 edge to enable him to teach school, at the age of 17. He also attended State 
 Normal School of Pennsylvania, three terms. Dec. 28, 1879, he married Hattie 
 L. Sill, born near Fort Huron Oct. 19, 1851, and daughter of George S. and Sarah 
 B. (Peatt) Sill, of English and French descent. Dr. Ziegenfuss and wife are 
 members of the M. E. Church, The Dr. in the short time he has resided in Dex- 
 ter, has gained quite an encouraging practice. 
 
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township contains about 21,300 acres of land, the greater 
 portion of which is under cultivation, divided into 224 farms, or 
 95.09 acres per farm. 
 
 The Huron river enters the township at the southwest qr. of 
 section 7, flows southwesterly, passing through the northeast 
 quarter of Ann Arbor city, and leaves the township at the center of 
 the eastern boundary of section 36, below Geddesbnrg. The Mich- 
 igan Central railroad runs through the valley of the Huron, cross- 
 ing the river at the western town line. In section 17, there are 
 two railroad bridges, one in section 27, one in section 28, and one 
 in section 36, at Geddesburg. The Toledo, Ann Arbor & Grand 
 Trank railroad bridge spans the river in section 20. The villages 
 are Geddes in the southeast, and Foster in the northwest part of 
 the town. Throughout the township the homes of the people tell 
 of prosperity and progress. 
 
 The town of Ann Arbor has within its limits one city — Ann 
 Arbor — and two villages, that of ISTewport, better known as Foster's 
 or Cornwell, and Geddes. Newport is the location of the Cornwell 
 Mills, and is situated on section 7. Geddes is located on section 36 
 and comprises about a dozen houses, and also a paper-mill which 
 does a large business. The village is located on the Uobert Ged- 
 des' farm. A paper village was laid out at an early day on section 
 17, to which was given the name of Barton. One house comprises 
 the entire village. 
 
 OEGANIC. 
 
 The town of Ann Arbor originally comprised that part of Wash- 
 tenaw county included in the surveyed townships 1 and 2, north 
 of the base line, in range 6, and townships 1, 2, 3 and 4, in range 6, 
 and townships 3 and 4, in range 5, south of the base line. The 
 first township meeting was ordered held at the house of John 
 Alien. The limits of the township were abridged from time to time, 
 until finally it only embraced township No. 2 south, of range 6 east. 
 
 The first town election was held, according to statute, at the 
 bouse of John Allen in May, 1827. 
 
 Since the organization of the town, it has been represented in an 
 oflBcial capacity by the following named: 
 
 (871) 
 
872 
 
 HISTOKT OF WASHTEKAW COUNTY. 
 
 STJPEEVISGES. 
 
 Henry Rumsey 1827 
 
 Orrin White 1828 
 
 Robert Geddes. 1829-30 
 
 Harvey Chubb 1831-32 
 
 Moses McCollum 1833 
 
 Henry Rumsey 1834 
 
 Daniel B. Brown 1835 
 
 Wm. R. Thompson 1836 
 
 Dwight Kellogg 1837 
 
 C. N.Ormsby 1838 
 
 John Geddes 1839-40 
 
 D.T. McCollum 1841 
 
 Edwin Lawrence 1842^3 
 
 John Geddes 1844 
 
 Hiram Becker .1845 
 
 John Geddes 1846 
 
 Hiram Becker 1847 
 
 Edwin Lawrence 1848 
 
 Israel Mowry 1849 
 
 Sumner Hicks 1850 
 
 H. M. Mowry 1851 
 
 A. H. Markham 1852-54 
 
 Collins B. Cook 1855-57 
 
 A. H. Markham 1858-59 
 
 Orrin White 1860-61 
 
 H. M. Morey 1862 
 
 John Geddes 1863-64 
 
 Edward Treadwell 1865 
 
 Samuel Crosman 1866-68 
 
 S. W. Shurtleff 1869-77 
 
 I. N. S. Foster 1878-80 
 
 CLEEKS. 
 
 Jonathan T. Ely 1827-29 
 
 James T. Allen 1830 
 
 Thomas Brown 1831-32 
 
 Edward F. Gay 1833 
 
 Edward Clarke 1834 
 
 L. W. Guiteau 1835 
 
 David Godfrey 1836 
 
 James Love 1837 
 
 W.A.Abel 1838 
 
 B. H. Deming 1839 
 
 W. A. Abel 1840 
 
 James B. Gott 1841 
 
 J. M. Wilcoxson 1842-43 
 
 John Howard 1844 
 
 Tracy W. Root 1845 
 
 Philip Bach 1846 
 
 H. M. Thompson 1847 
 
 S. S. Schoff , 1848 
 
 8. B. McCracken 1849 
 
 W. F. Roath 1850 
 
 L. B. Simmons 1851 
 
 John Beasley 1852 
 
 Jonathan Sprague 1853 
 
 A.M. Doty 1854 
 
 L.B.Walker 1855 
 
 A. M. Doty 1856-57 
 
 John Beasley 1858 
 
 A. M. Doty 1859-60 
 
 R. Newton 1861 
 
 Wm. A. Lovejoy 1862-64 
 
 Norman B. Covert 1865-66 
 
 Geo. E. Sperry 1867 
 
 H. Bosomback 1868 
 
 C. B. Chapin 1869 
 
 I. N. S. Foster 1870-71 
 
 Fred. B. Braun 1872-73 
 
 I.N. S.Foster 1874 
 
 L. Davis 1875-80 
 
 COLLECTOES AND TEEASTJEEES. 
 
 None elected 1827 
 
 John Gorham 1828 
 
 Orrin Ball 1829 
 
 William McCollum 1830-31 
 
 Loren Mills 1832 
 
 None elected 1833 
 
 Dwight Kellogg 1834 
 
 C. Carter 1835 
 
 Norton R. RamsdeU 1836 
 
 James G. Rumsey 1837 
 
 None elected 1838 
 
 James T. Allen 1839 
 
 John W. Maynard ; . . 1840 
 
 Jacob Vandakerker 1841 
 
 Charles Thayer 1842 
 
 Geo. Corsehus 1843-44 
 
 John H. Campbell 1845 
 
 Justus D. Andrus , . 1846 
 
 Jeremiah Peek 1847-48 
 
 A. Hawkins 1849-50 
 
 M. C. West 1851-52 
 
 Geo. W. Millen 1853-54 
 
 Davis Leavenworth 1855 
 
 Andrew Bell 1856 
 
 Samuel D. Burnett 1857-58 
 
 Daniel F. Allmendinger 1859-60 
 
 S. R.Doty 1861-63 
 
 Wesley Hicks 1863 
 
 Orpheus White 1864 
 
 Geo. F. Rash 1865-66 
 
 Charles B. Chapin 1867 
 
 John Kepler 1868 
 
 E. G. SchafCer 1869-70 
 
 John Kepler 1871 
 
 John Allman 1872 
 
 Gottlieb Mast 1873 
 
 Fred B. Braun 1874-75 
 
 Nelson Edmunds 1876-77 
 
 Fred B. Braun 1878 
 
 James G. Rash 1879-80 
 
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 
 
 873 
 
 The first purchaser of land in what now comprises the town of 
 Ann Arbor was James McCloskey, of Detroit, who purchased all 
 of that part of section 26, south ot the Huron river, the 25th day 
 of April, 1823. Orrin White was the next purchaser, July 24, 
 1823. Kobert Fleming next, Sept. 9, 1823. This was all the land 
 purchased during that year. 
 
 In 1824, on the 12th day of February, John Allen and Elisha W. 
 Rumsey purchased the site of the present city of Ann Arbor. 
 Nathaniel and Sylvanus Noble, George W. and Ira H. Allen, Asa 
 Bnshnell, Titus Bronson, Eber White, Isaac Markham, Thomas 
 Chambers, Seth Markham, Robert Fleming, George W. Noyes, 
 Samuel Camp, J. B. Mason, William Brooks, Samuel D. Wagoner, 
 Jones Noyes, Nathan Thayer, George Rash, Elnathan Botsford and 
 E. Matteson purchased tracts of land. Of the foregoing the most 
 of them settled on the land purchased of the Government, and 
 became identified with the place. The last purchase of Govern- 
 ment land was on June 16, 1835, by Daniel Donelly, who purchased 
 part of the southeast quarter of section 7. 
 
 ORIGINAL ENTRIES. 
 
 The following comprises a complete list of purchases from 
 Government, with a description of tract: 
 
 Section 1. 
 
 Savage, David, e h ne qr. 
 Botsford, D., w h ne qr. 
 Younglove, William, e li se qr. 
 Campbell, L., w h se qr. 
 Suiherland, Castle, nw qr. 
 Nesbit, John, w li sw qr. 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 Campbell, E., e li ne qr. 
 /-Carpenter, J. C, w h ne qr. 
 Botsford, D., s h se qr. 
 Leland, J. G., w h se qr. 
 Allen, Moses, e h nw qr. 
 Hawks, Cephas, e h sw qr. 
 Sutton, Nathan, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 Koyes, James, e h ne qr. 
 Nixon, Sarah, w h ne qr. 
 Vepelius, A., e h se qr. 
 ^ Leland, Zeno, w h se qr and e h sw qr. 
 Warren, John, e h nw qr . 
 Riley, James, w h nw qr. 
 Willcoxson, Gr., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 Gilshenan, H., e h ne qr. 
 Sullivan. J., e h se qr. 
 Porial, Michael, w h se qr. 
 Spencer, John, nw qr. 
 Kingsley, James, e h sw qr. 
 Ballentine, P., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section .5. 
 
 Geddes, John, ne qr. 
 
 Ballentine, P., e h se qr. 
 
 Geddes, Robert, nw qr. 
 
 Stubbs, William, w h se qr and sw qr. 
 
 Section 6. 
 
 Geddes, Robert, ne qr. 
 
 Crane, M., e h se qr. 
 
 Chambers, John, w h se qr, e h sw qr 
 
 and w h se qr. 
 Boyden, Pomeroy, nw qr. 
 
 Section 7. 
 Connelly, J., e h ne qr. 
 Lawton, M., w h ne qr. 
 O'Keefe, G. A., ne frac of se qr. 
 Donnely, P., nw frac of se qr. 
 Chubb, Harvey, s frac h s h. 
 Regan, M. O., e h nw qr and n frac h 
 
 sw qr. 
 Chandler, J., w h nw qr. 
 
 Section 8. 
 Fallahee, James, n h. 
 Ensword, John A., se qr. 
 Daly, John, e h sw qr. 
 O'Keefe, George A., w frac h sw qr. 
 
 Section 9. 
 Dexter, Samuel W., e h ne qr. 
 Bell, Charles C. P., w h ne qr. 
 Thayer, John, s h. 
 Sands, John, nw qr. 
 
•874 
 
 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COCNTY. 
 
 Section 10. 
 
 Camp, N. J.,ehne qr. 
 Sullivan, William,. w h ne qr. 
 Eobinson, Seth, e h se qr. 
 Marble, E. H., w h se qr. 
 ,Harlem, Anza, w li nw qr. 
 ^Carpenter, O., e h sw qr. 
 Kingsley, .James, w li sw qr. 
 
 Section 11. 
 
 Soree, Joseph, e h ne qr. 
 Powell, John, w h ne qr. 
 Mcintosh, George, e h se qr. 
 Sunclon, Erastus, w h se qr. 
 Coyce, Reuben, nw qr. 
 Harris, Charles L., e h sw qr. 
 Bunker, William M., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Youngton, William, e h ne qr. 
 
 Hudson, Asa, w h ne qr. 
 
 Horn, Joseph, e h se qr. 
 
 Campbell, C, w h se qr and e h nw qr. 
 
 Hurd, David, w h nw qr. 
 
 Cowan, Peter, e h nw qr. 
 
 Winslow, Simon, w h nw qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Kirk, JonathaL, e h ne qr. 
 Cummings, N., w h ne qr, w h se qr and 
 
 e h sw qr. 
 Mattison, Epaphras, e h se qr. 
 Smith, Isaac, e h n w qr. 
 Winslow, S., w h nw qr. 
 Downer, Lucretia, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 14. 
 
 Winslow, Simon, ne qr. 
 
 Noyes, James, jr., se qr. 
 
 Campbell, S., e h nw qr and w h sw qr. 
 
 Nowland, David, w h nw qr. 
 
 Bunt, Levi, e h sw qr. 
 
 Section 15. 
 
 Sanderson, Lyman, ne qr. 
 
 Campbell, S., e h se qr. 
 
 G-ott, Charles, w h se qr and e h sw qr. 
 
 Allen, Moses, e h nw qr. 
 
 Walsh, Keziah, w h nw qr. 
 
 Tuttle, William G., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 17. 
 
 Ensworth, John A., ne qr and e frac h 
 
 nw qr. 
 Markham, Seth, n frac pt se qr and ne 
 
 frac sw qr. 
 Sunds, M., s frac pt se frac qr. 
 Pond, Hiram W., frac pt sw qr. 
 Abbott, James, w frac h nw qr. 
 
 Section 18. 
 
 Willcoxson, Gideon, ne qr and w h se qr. 
 Slatford, Job, e h se qr. 
 
 Abbott, James, nw qr. 
 Hawks, Jonathan, e h sw qr 
 Zenos, Nash, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 19. 
 
 Osborn, Isher P., ne qr. 
 Stoddard N., e h se qr. 
 Bradish, Carran, w h sw qr. 
 Alexander, Thomas, nw qr. 
 Porter, Norton, sw qr. 
 
 Section 20. 
 
 Noble, E. J. 8., n frac h ne qr. 
 Markham, 8., s frac h ne qr. 
 Morton J. G., n frac h se qr. 
 Allen & Rumsey, s frac h se qr. 
 Hiscock, James, nw qr. 
 Silsby, Phineas, e h sw qr. 
 Brooks, William, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 21. 
 
 West, E., e h ne qr. 
 Hendree, John, w h ne qr. 
 Brown & Fuller, n h se qr. 
 Nowland, A., ne frac qr of se qr. 
 Allen & Rumsey sw frac qr of se qr and 
 
 sw frac qr of sw qr. 
 Hull, Isaac, n frac h nw qr. 
 Strong, T. C., s frac h nw qr. 
 Noyes, G. W., e frac h sw qr. 
 Chambers, Thomas, nw qr of sw qr and 
 
 frac pt of sw qr. 
 
 Section 32. 
 
 Gott, N., e h ne qr. 
 
 Leland, Nathan, w h ne qr. 
 
 Glasier, Richard B., e h se qr and w h 
 
 se qr. 
 Glasier, R. B., e h nw qr. 
 Kingsley, James, w h nw qr. 
 Ira Parker & Thomas Brownell, sw qr. 
 
 Section 23. 
 
 Wood, Ira, e h ne qr. 
 Campbell, Lewis, w h ne qr. 
 '-eddes, Jane, e h se qr. 
 Craft, Thomas, w h se qr 
 Lathrop, George C, e h nw qr. 
 Gott, N., w h nw qr. 
 White, Orrin, e h sw qr. 
 Glasier, R. B., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 24. 
 
 Behan, James, ne qr. 
 Richardson, Nicholas, se qr. 
 Bush, Henry G., e h nw qr. 
 Lindsey, J. M., w h nw qr. 
 Geddes, W. & J., e h sw qr. 
 Geddes, Jane, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 25. 
 
 Ea?h, George, ne qr. 
 Fleming, Robert, se qr. 
 
ANN ARBOR TOWNSEIIP. 
 
 875 
 
 Geddes, Robert, e h nw qr. 
 Lindsey J. M., w h nw qr. 
 Burlingame, H., e h sw qr. 
 Botsford, B., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 
 Clark, P. P., e h ne qr. 
 
 Love, James, w li ne qr. 
 
 Moses Clark & Amos Hawks, se frac qr. 
 
 Hays, L. C, e h nw qr. 
 
 Botsford & H iwks, w h nw qr. 
 
 White, Orrin, n frac h sw qr. 
 
 McCloskey, J., s frac h sw qr. 
 
 Section 37. 
 
 Clark & Kirby, e li ne qr. 
 Counbe, Peter, w frac h ne qr. 
 White, Orrin, ne frac qr of ne qr. 
 Halley & Davis, frac pt of se qr. 
 Parker & Brownell, n frac h nw frac. 
 Arnold, Hiram, s frac h nw frac. 
 Ramsay, Henry, e h sw qr. 
 Howe, Harley, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 28. 
 
 Moss, J., ne frac qr of ne qr. 
 Rumsey, Elisha, frac pt of ne qr. 
 Austin, Harvey, e h se qr. 
 Stickney, H., w h se qr. 
 Allen, James T., w h nw qr. 
 Chambers, Thomas, w h nw qr. 
 Clark, C. S., e h sw qr. 
 Noyes, James, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 29. 
 Allen, John, n h and sw qr. 
 Rumsey, Elisha W., se qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 Allen, George W. & J., e h ne qr. 
 Markham, Isaac, w h and w h ne qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 Markham, Isaac. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Bushnell, A., eh ne qr. 
 
 Bronson, Titus, w h ne qr and e h nw qr. 
 
 Markham, Isaac, se qr. 
 
 Moss, James, w h nw qr. 
 
 Stratton, J. F., e h sw qr. 
 
 Lane, Isaac, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Prusia, George, e h ne qr. 
 Wagoner, D., w h ne qr. 
 Rolands, George, e h se qr. 
 Casterhout, C, w h se qr. 
 Britton, R., e h nw qr and w h sw qi . 
 Clark & Mason, w li nw qr. 
 Farrand, B., e h sw qr. 
 
 Section 34. 
 
 McFarland, Joseph, ne qr. 
 Branch, Israel, e h se qr. 
 Burr, Lewis, w h se qr. 
 Mills, A., e h nw qr. 
 Mills, Simon, w h nw qr. 
 Clark, Jason, sw qr. 
 
 Section 35. 
 
 Geddes, Robert, ne frac qr. 
 Clark, M., frac pt of ne qr. 
 Sturgis, Matthew, e h sw qr. 
 Wickham, B. C, w h se qr. 
 Rumsey & Farrand, e h nw qr. 
 Ewers, Alvish, w h nw qr. 
 Burney, Hunt, e h sw qr. 
 Branch, C, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 
 Fleming, Robert, n frac h ne qr. 
 Geddes, Robert, se qr and s frac h ne qr. 
 Botsford, E., n frac h nw qr. 
 Burney, W., e h sw qr. 
 Uttinger, M., w h sw qr. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 The following is an extract from a paper prepared by John 
 Geddes, which deals with tlie early settlement of that portion of 
 the township known as "School District No. 8:" 
 
 Orrin "White,his wife Ann, and three children were the first settlers. 
 They moved into a shanty on the northwest fractional quarter of 
 section 26, July 4, 1824. They came from Palmyra, Wayne Co., 
 N. Y., near where Mr. White was born. Mrs. White was born at 
 Tioga Point, Pa., and her maiden name was Thayer. Next was 
 George Eash, his wife Fanny and five children, and a bound boy, 
 Levi Bunt. They settled on the northeast quarter of section 25, in 
 September or October, 1824. Mr. Hash was born in Massachusetts; 
 his wife, whose maiden name was Galloway, was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania. They came from Perry, Genesee Co., N. Y. 
 
876 HISTORY OF WASHTENA.W CODNTr. 
 
 Elnathan Botsford and his wife Eliza came in May, 1825, and 
 settled on the north ^art of the northwest fractional quarter of 
 section 36. In 1827 they moved upon the west half of the south- 
 west quarter of section 25. They were a newly married couple. 
 Mr. Botsford was born in Milford, JSTew Haven Co., Conn.; his 
 wife, whose former name was Smith, was born in the State of New 
 York. . They came from Perry, Genesee Co., N. Y. 
 
 Robert and John Geddes came June 14, 1825, and settled on the 
 south part of the northeast fractional quarter of section 36. They 
 were unmarried. Robert came from Romulus, Seneca Co., N. Y., 
 and John from Londonderry township, Chester Co., Pa., where they 
 were both born and raised. 
 
 Amos Hicks and Mary his wife moved into the district in 
 October, 1825. They had seven children. Thej' finally settled on the 
 east half of the southeast quarter of section 26. Mr. Hicks was 
 born in Massachusefts; his wife, whose maiden name was Love, 
 was born in Ireland. They came from Parma, Monroe Co., N. Y. 
 
 Moses Clark, his wife and family of seven children came and settled 
 down on the northeast part of the northeast fractional quarter of 
 section 35. Mr. Clark was a Baptist minister, and was born in the 
 State of New York. Mr. Clark sold out to Elnathan Botsford in 
 the spring of 1832, and with his family left the township. Two of 
 his children died before he left. Mr. Clark was 48 years old when 
 he came here in 1825. 
 
 Amos Hicks died April 16, 1835, aged 59 years. Eliza Botsford 
 died Dec. 24, 1847, aged 44 years and 25 days, of consumption. 
 Elnathan Botsford died Jan. 6, 1853, of congestion of the lungs, 
 aged 53 years and eight months. George Rash died Oct. 9, 1855, 
 of paralysis, aged 67 years. Fanny Rash died May 31, 1869, of 
 liver complaint, aged 71 years, 7 months and 26 days. Orrin 
 White died Feb. 18, 1864, aged 69 years, 3 months and 24 days. 
 Robert Geddes died March 11, 1866, aged 68 years and three months, 
 of typhoid pneumonia. Mary Hicks died Oct. 6, 1868, aged 76 
 years, 5 months and 9 days, of old age and paralysis. Ann 
 White died Dec. 1, 1871, of inflammation of the lungs, aged 71 years 
 and 8 months. Elnathan Botsford died in the fourth ward of 
 Ann Arbor, and Orrin and Ann White in the fifth ward. The 
 others died in school district No. 8. They were all buried in said 
 district, except Orrin and Ann White, whose remains lie in Forest 
 Hill Cemetery, Ann Arbor. The first adult person that died in the 
 district was Prosper Paine Clark, a son of Rev. Moses Clark. He 
 went out one morning to chop rail-cuts, and not coniino- home to 
 dinner, he was found by his father lying on his face, on the ground, 
 with a rail-cut on the back of his neck, dead. This was in March, 
 1828. He was about 25 years old. Levi Bunt enlisted in the 
 Mexican war, and died in ISTew Orleans on his way to Mexico. 
 
 The history of the city of Ann Arbor is given in full, and as the 
 history of the town is so interwoven with that, it necessarily 
 embraces the town history. The first births, deaths, and other 
 
cJ^^i^^/^r /3 2xirtj^^ 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 879 
 
 matters of interest transpired within the city limits. The reader's 
 attention is therefore called to the city's history. 
 
 ANN AEBOE CITY. 
 
 From that day in February, 1824, when Allen and Rumsey 
 arrived on the spot where the city now stands, procuress has been 
 made, uuequaled in some respects, and exceeded only in a few 
 instances. The locality has had every advantage; nature made it 
 beautiful, the American pioneer made it useful. The former con- 
 ferred upon it a rich soil and a great water-power; the latter utilized 
 each, transforming the soil into well ordered gardens, and turning 
 the waters of the river into channels of industry.. The change, 
 which has marked the years of progress, is one in which the people 
 must take an especial pride. Few of the early occupiers live to 
 realize this change; the greater number of the old settlers do not 
 regret it; but there are yet among them men and women who look 
 back to the never-forgotten past, and mourn the by-gone times, 
 when contentment waited on the workers of the cradle, plow and 
 spade, when pastoral industry was rewarded by peace and plenty, 
 and primitive happiness ruled within the rude but comfortable log- 
 houses of the pioneers. Old-time manners and customs have been 
 revolutionized, a new order established, and the labor of the 
 modernizers made to manifest itselt in everything. 
 
 The citizens have, from the earliest period, paid much attention 
 to educational matters. From the pioneer era to the present time 
 the school has been the theme of gossip and inquiry. A love of 
 education formed the leading characteristic of the people; it has 
 always been fostered and cherislred by them. It has been raised up 
 from a very humble beginning to the greatest heights, until at 
 length the establishments devoted to it, the number and high order 
 of its teachers and the multitude of its votaries render the name 
 of Ann Arbor synonymous with learning and culture. 
 
 The varied forms of Christianity have steadily advanced, churches 
 have multiplied until their spires are now seen in every quarter of 
 the city. Their bells do not continue to ring out peals of discord, for 
 the intellectual world, which they summon to prayer, has abolished 
 religious bigotry, leaving nature to act the despot in winning the 
 minds of men to the first truths of the Christian Church. 
 
 The literary circles of the city compare in membership and 
 iuteltectual excellence with those of the great literary centers of 
 the Union. Perfect in organization, they awaken in tlie minds of 
 those who read the reports of their meeting, or who attend their 
 literary and social reunions, a sense of what study is capable of 
 accomplishing. They aiford many instances of the dignity which 
 attaches itself to cultivated nature in its highest form, and thus pre- 
 pare the way, by precedent, for others to follow. 
 
 The Students' Lecture Association is among the first of the liter- 
 ary circles. In the announcement of the society for 1880-'81 such 
 
 62 
 
880 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 subjects as the "Landmarks of Scott," "Position of the Novel in 
 Literature," "Alexander Hamilton," have been treated. The names 
 of Wallace Bruce, Prof. Swing, John Clarke Redpath, Archibald 
 Fprbes and Henry Ward Beecher were given as lecturers. The 
 Marie Litta Concert Co., Helen Potter, Bernard Listermann, 
 Edouard liemenyi, Laura E. Dainty, and Madam Rive King per- 
 formed in the University hall under the auspices of this society. 
 The other collegiate associations, with the circles of the city, present 
 equally entertaining programmes, so that scarcely a week passes 
 without a literary reunion of a high order. Among those of espe- 
 cial note are the lectures of the Ann Arbor Reform Club. 
 
 The press of the city is well conducted. It is the exponent of 
 American ideas, and the faithful guardian of American interests. 
 The writers are evidently of that class who have risen above flunkey- 
 ism and deal justlj' by the time in which they live. They oppose 
 their journals to innovation, when such does not give promise of 
 good results; they stigmatize moral cowardice, and teach that from 
 the village council room to the chambers of the National Govern- 
 ment virtue should be doubly cherished and vice subjected to 
 rebuke and punishment. 
 
 Ann Arbor is beautifully situated on the Huron. The river 
 enters the city on the north and flows southeast, again northeast to 
 the city limits. The valley of the Huron at this point presents a 
 scene of beauty that cannot be surpassed. Throughout its tortuous 
 course the swift current rushes forward, as it were, to mingle with 
 the waters of El ie. On the left bank are the immense hills which 
 lend to the northern portion of the city that physical picturesque- 
 ness so much admired. The city proper is situated on the right 
 bank, covering that beautiful land on which the pioneers of Ann 
 Arbor settled 57 years ago. In the valley, and running almost 
 parallel with the Huron, is tlie Michigan Central railroad. At a 
 point opposite the Chubb road is tlie crossing of the A. A., T. &G. 
 T. R. R. Here also the river is spanned by the railroad bridge built 
 in 1880 for the A. A. & T. Railroad Co. ; while eastward are Pontiac 
 and Wall street bridges. 
 
 The county court-house is located in the heart of the city; the 
 University' buildings are located southeast of the business center. 
 The observatory is situated on the heights, overlooking the valley, 
 northeast of the University, while on the east is the beautiful 
 cemetery of Forest Hill. 
 
 The northern portion of the city may be called the village of the 
 Seven Hills. There are many neat residences, together with 
 numerous commercial buildings, combining to render it a most im- 
 portant section of the city. 
 
 The streets and avenues of the city are graded, shaded by a double 
 line of thrifty trees, while ranked on each aide are the neat and, 
 in many instances, elegant residences of the citizens. Many of the 
 churches are magnificent edifices, the school buildings are classed 
 with the finest in the State, while the business blocks are metro- 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 881 
 
 politan in character. "With the exception of the M. C. K E. depot 
 and the hotels, the utmost effort of good taste is displayed through- 
 out, 80 that it may now be classed as the neatest little city of the 
 Union. 
 
 The original plat of Ann Arbor was acknowledged May 25, 1824, 
 before Richard Smith, a justice both in Canada and this State at 
 the time, whose whereabouts and commission were so wrapt in 
 mystery that the plat is not received in evidence. Philo A. Judd 
 made the survey and plat for Allen & Rumsey. The land platted 
 in 1824 comprised all that tract between Allen's creek and Division, 
 and from Jefferson street to the north line of block 4, north of 
 Huron street. 
 
 The first addition was made by Anson Brown and Edward L. 
 Fuller, June 25, 1832. This addition lies north of the river. 
 
 Mr. Brown came to Ann Arbor in 1827, and was a merchant and 
 occupied a general retail store on Main street, at or near the loca- 
 tion of Wines & Worden's store. He was one of the most energetic 
 and thorough business men of the village, and if his life had been 
 spared, the development and history of Ann Arbor would proba- 
 bly have been different in some respects from what it actually has 
 been. He was determined the future city of Ann Arbor should be 
 on the north side of the Huron river, and at one time he seemed 
 likely to succeed. 
 
 The second addition — the Ann Arbor Land Co.'s plat — was made 
 in July, 1836, by Jonathan Stratton. The tract so platted is east 
 of State street and south of the continuation of Washington to the 
 south line of the section. The company's land contained 330 acres, 
 a portion of which was platted. The eastern addition was platted 
 in 1839 on the north part of section 28. In 1836 this company set 
 apart 10 acres, now comprised in the University grounds, for the 
 purpose of a State-House. 
 
 The third addition was made by Caleb Ormsby and David Page 
 in July, 1888. It extended from the river south to Fuller street. 
 
 The fourth addition was made by Davidson and Gentean, July 
 6, 1838. 
 
 The eastern addition was platted in 1839 and recorded in August 
 of that year. Wm. R. Thompson, Wm. S. Maynard, Chester In- 
 galls and E. W. Morgan bought the land from Nowland, who sold 
 half his interest to Thayer, who sold to Pitcher, of Detroit. The 
 property was vested in E. W. Morgan, who directed John Farns- 
 worth to make a survey of the tract. The old cemetery formed a 
 part of the plat. West of this was the private cemetery, a corner 
 of which forms the Hebrew burial ground. 
 
 Wm. P. Maynard platted a part of northwest quarter of section 
 29, forming a portion of his land on the Gorham railroad, Dec. 20, 
 1839. 
 
 Bowers' addition is bounded by Huron and I«Iorth streets, and 
 Division and State streets. The tract contains 10 acres, the survey 
 of which was made in June, 1844. 
 
882 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW OOtTNTT. 
 
 John H. Garnish platted a small tract Nov. 25, 1845. 
 
 Danforth and Wilson's addition, block 2 south, range 8 east, 
 was platted Oct. 18, 1845. 
 
 Wm. S. Maynard's second addition was platted April 20, 1846. 
 It extended north from Madison to Eber White road, or Liberty 
 street. 
 
 Lawrence and Maynard's addition, as made Au^. 25, 1848, ex- 
 tended north from the north line of the eastern addition to the face 
 of the southern plateau. 
 
 Solomon Mann's addition was platted Nov. 25, 1849. 
 
 Benham's addition was made November, 1853, north of Huron 
 street. 
 
 Travers directed the survey of a tract, west of the Huron and 
 south of Travers' brook, Jan. 15, 1856. He platted another piece 
 of land Oct. 20,1857. 
 
 K. S. Smith's first addition was made in August, 1867, contain- 
 ing 87 lots. 
 
 J. B. Crane platted a sub-division of block 1, north, of range 12, 
 Feb. 27, 1858. 
 
 The Wilcoxson land, north of the Huron and east of Division 
 street, was platted for W. S. Maynard, June 16, 1858. 
 
 W. S. Maynard's second addition was made July 18, 1858, on 
 the tract lying west and south of his first plat. 
 
 Wm. A. Benedict's addition, surveyed March 11, 1859, was lo- 
 cated north of Brown's. 
 
 ^Hiscock's improved plat extended north from High street to 
 Chubb road, and west from Spring street. It was made in May, 
 1859. 
 
 Hiscoek's first addition, May 10, 1859, is bounded on the south 
 by Felch street, north by Chubb road, west by J. B. Gott's addi- 
 tion and on the east by Grove street, with a small extension to the 
 Plank road. 
 
 Felch's addition was surveyed May 7, 1859. 
 
 Baldwin's addition, known as the picnic grove, was made July 
 5, 1859. 
 
 James H. Brown's addition, made March 17, 1860, north of 
 Brown & Bach's addition, and east of the Saline road. 
 
 Samuel Pettibone's addition was made March 27, 1861, north- 
 east of Chubb or Hiscoek's road, extending to M. C. R. E. 
 
 Thompson, Spoor & Thompson's addition was made April 6, 
 1861, containing 22 lots, west of Maynard's addition. 
 
 R. S. Smith's 2d addition was made April 1, 1861, containing 
 six blocks. 
 
 W. S. Maynard's 3d addition was surveyed May 1, 1861. 
 
 Brown & Bach's addition was laid out June 17, 1861, east of 
 the plank road, on sec. 32. 
 
 Wm. S. Saunder's addition was made November, 1861, south of 
 Geddes road and west of township road. 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 883 
 
 James B. Gott's addition was made Aug. 8, 1862, extending 
 west of Allen's creek and west of Mill race to north line of sec. 29 
 and south to Felch street. 
 
 D. Baldwin's eastern addition, made July 27, 1866, comprised 
 the east half of southeast quarter of section 28. 
 
 Hill's addition, surveyed Nov. 12, 1866, is located south of Ann 
 Arbor Land Co.'s property. 
 
 J. S. Weller's addition, a subdivision of a part of Maynard & 
 Morgan's property, is bounded by Huron, Division and Grove 
 streets; was platted July 13, 1867. 
 
 Patridge's addition, east of Pontiac street, north of the city, 
 was laid out May 27, 1867, on the north half of section 21. 
 
 Swathel's addition was made July 10, 1867, west of State street 
 between North and Fuller streets. 
 
 Ingall's addition was made Dec. 12, 1 867, east of the eastern 
 addition, north of the observatory. 
 
 J. H. Brown's 2d addition, made Oct. 19, 1867, west of Saline 
 street, in the northeast quarter of northwest quarter of section 32. 
 
 James B. Gott's 2d addition, west of Hiscock's property, 
 extended north from Felch street; this was surveyed May 30, 1868. 
 
 A. Ten Brook's addition, between Orleans street and Geddes 
 avenue, south of Forest Hill Cemetery, east of Elm street, was 
 made June 19, 1869. 
 
 Chapin's addition, south of Miller avenue, was made Aug. 25, 
 1869. 
 
 "Willmot's addition, bounded by Forest Hill Cemetery, Elm 
 street and Washtenaw avenue, was made Sept. 4, 1869. 
 
 Daniel Hiscock's 2d addition, surveyed June 16, 1870, is 
 bounded by High street on the south, Chubb road on the north. 
 Grove street on the west and plank road on the east. 
 
 Jewett's addition, extending south from Huron to Liberty street, 
 and east of west line of section 29, was made May 19, 1871. 
 
 C. H. Miller's 2d addition, northeast of Washtenaw avenue on 
 sections 28 and 33, June 23, 1871. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 In the month of February, 1824, John Allen, of Virginia, and 
 Elisha Walker Rumsey and wife, of Genesee Co., N.Y., met by acci- 
 dent in Cleveland, and soon formed an acquaintance. Both were 
 in search of a new home in the forests of Michigan. They started 
 for the interior of the Territory together, and on arriving in this 
 vicinity located some lands belonging to the U. S. Government, 
 embracing a beautiful burr-oak forest on section 29, in township 2 
 south, range 6 east, with the Huron river on the north and east 
 and a small stream since known as Allen's creek, on the west. 
 
 At the foot of a hill on the east side of this creek, they pitched 
 a tent and built an arbor, and Mrs. Mary Ann.Kumsey became the 
 mistress of the new home. This primitive home was called "Ann's 
 
884 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Arbor," in honor of these two women, which finally assisted the 
 early settlers to fix upon an appropriate name for their new and 
 thrifty village. 
 
 A log house was also soon erected by Allen and Kumsey in the 
 same locality, which stood on the south side of Huron street, 
 near what is now known as the southwest corner of Huron and 
 First streets, near Allen's creek. In this house Mr. Eurasey and 
 wife kept for several years a tavern known as " The Washtenaw 
 Cofi'ee House." He owned 160 acres of land lying south of Huron 
 street. Mr. Allen owned 320 acres north of this street, and built 
 in the year 1825 a block-house on the northwest corner of Main 
 and Huron streets, where the Gregory block now stands. He was 
 a very energetic and intelligent citizen, of fine and commanding 
 appearance, and was the first postmaster and justice of the peace 
 of Ann Arbor. 
 
 The old log hotel which then occupied the site of the present 
 Gregory House, was painted blood red, and that corner was known 
 as the "Bloody Corners." Mr. Allen built this house, and on its com- 
 pletion he wrote to his wife that it contained twenty families; the 
 wile, thinking that it was a large building, came on and was sur- 
 prised to see that the only partitions between the rooms of the oc- 
 cupiers were blankets. In 1849 Mr. Allen visited the gold fields 
 of California, and died there within two years after his arrival, 
 March 11, 1851. 
 
 The following historical items were extracted from a letter writ- 
 ten by James T. Allen, brother of John Allen, now of Chicago, to 
 John Geddes, and contains much valuable and accurate information: 
 
 "My father, James Allen, with his family (7 in number) re- 
 moved from Augusta county, Virginia, to Michigan in the year 
 1824. The names of the family were James Allen and Elizabeth 
 Allen (my father and mother); Ann I. Allen, Brother John's wife, 
 and Sarah A. their child; James C. Allen and Elizabeth M. 0. 
 Allen, children of John Allen by his first wife, and myself There 
 also came with us Orville Barnes, who was teaching school in Vir- 
 ginia, being from one of the New England States. We left our 
 old home on Middle river in said county on the 28th day of Aug., 
 1824, and arrived at Ann Arbor on the 16th day of October, same 
 year. Brother John arrived at Ann Arbor in the month of Febru- 
 ary previous. When we arrived we moved into the block house on 
 the N. W. corner of Main & Huron Sts. I bought the house and 
 lot of Bro. John and paid him three hundred dollars for it. When 
 we moved into the building, John Harford had a small stock of 
 goods in said building in the room fronting on Main street. The 
 Block house was built before we arrived, but how long I don't 
 know. Deacon Maynard and his family were at Mallet's Creek liv- 
 ing in a back shanty. He had the body of a log house up, but bad 
 no roof on it. In passing through Mallet's creek with our heavy 
 Penn. wagon we stuck in the mud, and the Deacon helped to pull 
 US out with his oxen. My father died at Ann Arbor July 18, 
 
:. ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 885 
 
 1828, in his fifty-seventh year. My mother died July 15, 1861, at 
 James C. Allen's house near Mallet's creek, lacking a few days of 
 eighty-six years old. Bro. John Allen died in California, near 
 San Francisco, on the eleventh day of March, 1851, nearly fifty-five 
 years old. My sister, Mary T. Welch, died at Ann Arbor, Nov. 27, 
 1847, fifty- three years and eight months old; Ann Isabelle Allen, 
 Bro. John's wife, returned to Virginia, with her daughter, Sarah A. 
 (date not known), and died there Nov. 27, 1875 ,in her seventy-ninth 
 year. Her daughter, Sarah A., married and is now living in New 
 Hope, Va. Elizabeth M.C. Allen married Wm. Wilson; they are 
 now living in Mackesaw village in Green county, Wisconsin. I was 
 born March 4, 1804; I enjoy very good health. I lived in Ann 
 Arbor 32 years, and in Chicago 22 years next Nov. 4th." 
 
 The same spring, after the arrival of Allen and Rumsey, Asa L. 
 Smith with his wife and one child came to Ann Arbor on foot 
 through the woods, bringing on his back all their property, and 
 having on his arrival here but one shilling in his pocket. He was 
 a carpenter by trade, and built a house a short distance west of the 
 present Gregory House. A few years afterward he built the brick 
 building now occupied by Mr. Lodholz for a bakery and residence, 
 situated on the corner of Broadway and Canal streets in the 
 Fifth ward of this city. 
 
 In 1825 there were nine small houses in Ann Arbor, located and 
 occupied as near as can be now ascertained, as follows: 
 
 Eiisha W. Rumsey occupied the " Washtenaw Coffee House," 
 and John Allen, the block house before mentioned. A log house 
 with a frame addition stood on the northeast corner of Main and 
 Ann streets. Two small houses stood on the opposite side of Main 
 street, near the spot where Duffy's store now stands, and were occu- 
 pied by two brothers, James and George W. Noyes. A frame 
 house stood on Huron street near the " Cook House," and was 
 built and occupied by Cornelius Osterhaut, a carpenter and joiner. 
 Another log house stood near the northeast corner of Main and 
 Washington streets. Farther south, on Main street, up in the 
 woods, was another kg house, occupied by Alva Brown. Such was 
 the appearance of Ann Arbor as viewed by Capt. Charles Thayer, 
 in 1825. 
 
 Two years later Ann Arbor had become a viPage of considerable 
 importance and boasted of three stores which were well supplied 
 with a general assortment of merchandise, and three new taverns 
 had also appeared as rivals of Eumsey's " Coffee House." Andrew 
 Nowland, the father of John S. Nowland, accommodated the public 
 near the north end of State street, a short distance above where the 
 railroad crosses the street. Samuel Camp kept hotel on the south- 
 west corner of Main and Huron streets, and Ira W. Bird on the 
 southeast corner of Main and Huron, directly opposite that of Mr. 
 Camp, while Oliver Whitmore had succeeded Mr. Rnmsey at the 
 Coffee House near the creek. 
 
886 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Merchandise and supplies of nearly every kind were procured at 
 Detroit, and brought through the woods and mud in wagons by 
 way of Plymouth, or by boats pushed up the Huron river to Raw- 
 sonville (then called Snow's Landing), and conveyed in wagons the 
 remainder of the distance to Ann Arbor. The population of the 
 village at this time was about 150, and there were between 20 and .30 
 dwellings. Previous to 1832 there was but one small grist-mill 
 here, with one run of stone, and built near the present dam on 
 Huron river. 
 
 Henry Welch was also among the more prominent of the earliest 
 settlers of Ann Arbor. He came here in 1826 with his family from 
 the vicinity of Harrisonburg, Virginia. He was for several yeai's 
 one of the most prominent and successful merchants in the village, 
 and occupied a store on the southwest corner of Main and Huron 
 streets. He was a gentleman of the Virginia school, and possessed 
 excellent business qualities. 
 
 In August, 1827, Elisha W. Rumsey died in the house built by 
 Mr. Osterhaut, and the tavern was occupied about this time by 
 Oliver Whitmore. Mr. Rumsey was captain of the first militia 
 company organized in this county, and the first training by the 
 militia was in 1825. One small company then comprised the en- 
 tire militia of this county. His brother. Judge Henry Rumsey, 
 bought 80 acres of land from James ISToyes, in 1825, including the 
 grounds of the University of Michigan. 
 
 The plat of the village of Ann Arbor was recorded May 25, 1824, 
 in the Register's oflfice at Detroit. The village became the county 
 seat in 1824, on condition that a block of the village plat should be 
 donated, on which the court-house should be erected, and also a 
 block for a jail. John Allen gave the required land for the court- 
 house (where it now stands), and Mr. Rumsey gave a block for a 
 jail. This block is now occupied for a lumber yard on Liberty 
 street. A small building for a jail was built there with funds con- 
 tributed by the citizens, and Israel Branch was the first jailer. This 
 \ building burned down several j'ears after. 
 
 ' : In the summer of 1827 several hundred Indians arrived at Ann 
 Arbor and occupied three camps, nearly surrounding the village. 
 Rumors had preceded them to the eifect that they were on the war 
 path and intended to burn the village and scalp the inhabitants. 
 But the Indians proved to be peaceful, and quietly left the next 
 day. It was, however, an anxious night for some of our early set- 
 tlers. It was afterward explained that some of these Indians had 
 been to Maiden to draw their annual presents from the British Grov- 
 ernment for services in the war of 1812, while other bands were on 
 their way thither, and accidentally met at Ann Arbor those return- 
 ing. Small bands of Indians frequently visited the village to trade 
 with the settlers and exchanged berries, venison, furs and maple 
 sugar for dry goods, and " scuta waboo," or fire water. 
 
ANN AEBOB TOWNSHIP. 887 
 
 GEOWTH OF THE VILLAGE. 
 
 The population of Ann Arbor in 1834 was 830, and at that time 
 there were several stores, taverns and other business houses there. In 
 1838, itcoutained a court-house, jail, a bank, two banking associa- 
 tions, four churches, — Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopalian and Uni- 
 versalist, — two printing oflSces, which issued two weekly newspapers, 
 a book store, two druggists, a flouring mill with six run of stone, a 
 saw-mill, woolen factory, carding machine, iron foundry, an exten- 
 sive plow factory, two tanneries, 17 dry-goods stores, 11 lawyers and 
 nine physicians. It had also a flourishing academy with about 70 
 pupils. Population, 2,000. 
 
 FIRST BIETH. 
 
 Elisha Walker Rumsey Smith, son of Asa L. and Syrena Smith, 
 was the first white child born in Ann Arbor. He was born Nov. 
 27, 1825. This son was named Kamsey, at the request of that 
 gentleman, who promised him a village lot in token of distinction 
 as the first child born in Ann Arbor. He died in April, 1827. 
 This is a disputed point, the honor being claimed by John S. Row- 
 land, who was borji June 13, 1826. Mr. Nowland has the evidence 
 of the family record to substantiate his claim. The records in the 
 other case are not to be obtained. ^ 
 
 MEECHANTS. 
 
 John Harford was the first merchant in Ann Arbor. He began 
 business in 1824. Cyrus Beckwith came soon after. In May, 1827, 
 Edward Clark came to Ann Arbor and opened a store of general 
 merchandise, occupying a building on the east side of Main street, 
 near Washington street. The following year he built and occupied 
 a frame store on the opposite side of the street. The old two-story 
 building torn down a few years since to jrive place to the new one, 
 was the same building erected by Clark in 1828. David and Jona- 
 than Ely were also merchants here when Clark arrived. Hethcot 
 Mowry opened a store herein 1830, and Edward Mundy and John 
 Thompson opened stores in 1831. Wm. S. Maynard soon after 
 opened a tavern in John Allen's block-house, and a store in the 
 frame building adjoining the block-house. 
 
 MILLS. 
 
 In June, 1824, George W. Noyes commenced preparations for 
 building a grist-mill above where the city mill now stands. The 
 frame was raised the first of August, 1826. At the raising were 
 the following first settlers of the county: Capt. Dix, from Dix- 
 boro, John and Robert Geddes, Col. White and many others 
 from Ann Arbor town; Judge Dexter and Mr. Arnold from Dex- 
 
HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 
 
 ter; Horace and Yirgil Boothe and others from Lodi; Orin 
 Parsons and others from Saline; Whitmore, McDowell, Maynard, 
 Parsons and Carpenter from Pittsfield; and a number from Tpsi- 
 lanti — nearly all of the then settlers of the county. And there was 
 a general time of rejoicing that flour could be obtained short of 
 Detroit. The mill was soon in running order and well patronized. 
 Considerable grain was raised that year; wheat could be bought for 
 T5 cents per bushel. On the 23d day of November following, Mr. 
 iSToyes was killed at the raising of a house for Mr. Nowland (located 
 south of the railroad crossing, on the east side of State street). The 
 building was raised by posts and beams, a bent at a time. Eot 
 being sufficiently stayed at the time Mr. Noyes went up on 
 the frame to adjust the plates, the whole structure fell, killing 
 him instantly. In 1829 Anson Brown purchased of Andrew Now- 
 land the land now comprising a portion of the fifth ward, and soon 
 after built the dam across the river and a grist-mill where now 
 stands the large flouring mill of Swift & Co. These were the 
 pioneer mills of Ann Arbor. They were small but met the require-^ 
 raents of the time. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 The pioneer in the hotel business was E. W". flumsey, who, in 
 1826, established the " Washtenaw Coffee House." W. S. May- 
 nard, shortly after, engaged in the same business in a large log 
 house where the Gregory House now stands. In 1830 Solon Cook 
 came to the village, opened the " Cook House," and for 37 years con- 
 tinued to minister to the comfort of the traveling public. In 1831 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich purchased a block of land east of the court- 
 house square, and erected a building which he occupied and used 
 as a hotel for many years. The building is yet standing and being 
 used for mercantile purposes. In 1832, in the lower town, William 
 P. Thompson kept a hotel known as the "Washtenaw House." 
 
 Since the foregoing dates many public houses have been erected, 
 flourished for a time, and then passed away. The " Cook House," 
 rebuilt and greatly enlarged, is upon the old site; the " Gregory 
 House," built in 1864, upon the southwest corner of the square, is 
 a fine, convenient and popular house, which was purchased in 
 December, 1880, by Nelson Booth. This house was first opened 
 by E. M. Gregory. The " Leonard House" is upon West Huron 
 street, and doing a good business. 
 
 THE FIRST PUBLIC BALL 
 
 was held in Rumsey's Coffee House. A part of the guests were 
 from Ypsilanti. An old gray-headed man, the father of John 
 Allen, played the violin. Much praise was bestowed upon the 
 excellent supper and Mrs. Eumsey's culinary skill. This was in 
 the winter of 1824^'25. The second ball was held in 1825, at the 
 
ANN AKBOE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 sarae place, on Independence Day. The third was held in the 
 winter of 1826, on the occasion of the inauguration of a Masonic 
 lodge. The coffee house stood on the south side of "West Huron 
 street, near a house afterward owned by Erastus Eoot. The 
 Masonic ball was held in a double log house, owned and kept by 
 John Allen. There were guests from Detroit, Ypsilanti, Superior 
 and Dexter. The several distinguished guests were Gen. Cass, 
 Judge "WitherelljGen. Larned, Gen. Schwartz, Col. Pray and Judge 
 Dexter. Miss Venus "Whitmore, said to be the belle of the party, 
 led the first dance with Gen. Cass. They had a rare supper of 
 wild fruits and meats: their wines and brandies were brought from 
 Detroit. 
 
 POSTOFFICE. 
 
 The postoffice was established in 1825, with John Allen as post- 
 master. At this time there was no regularly surveyed road be- 
 tween Ann Arbor and Detroit, and Bethuel Farrand, who was the 
 first mail-carrier, followed the Indian trail between the two places. 
 For his services he was to receive one hundred dollars per year. 
 The trip required three days, and was often attended with danger 
 and great exposure. There were no bridges over the streams, and 
 in the spring of the year they were always greatly swollen, and in 
 fording them it was often at the risk of life. 
 
 In 1832 Anson Brown obtained the appointment of postmaster 
 and removed the postoffice to the lower village. This movement 
 caused great excitement among the upper villagers. He brought 
 up the mail in his hat and distributed the mail to the people on the 
 streets. A meeting of the citizens of the upper village was held in 
 1834 for the purpose of recommending to the Postmaster General 
 the appointment of another postmaster, not because there was any 
 personal objection to Brown, but in order to secure its return to the 
 upper village. That meeting recommended Charles Thayer. The 
 petition was sent to Washington for his appointment and it was 
 received Sept. 30, 1834. A short time previous to this, Mr. 
 Brown had died of cholera, and Thayer took possession of the post- 
 ofiice and soon after removed it to the upper village. 
 
 Among those who had since held the office of postmaster are 
 Mark Howard, George Danforth, F. J. B. Crane, Caleb Clark, 
 Henry D. Bennett, John I. Thompson, Richard Beahan, C. B. 
 Grant, H. S. Dean and C. G. Clark. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 The first cemetery was located at the head of East Huron street, 
 and was donated by Andrew Nowland in 1832. It now contains 
 about five acres. The land was purchased by Andrew Nowland 
 from Thomas Chambers, June 6, 1826. 
 
 Anson Brown gave a plat of ground on a hill northwest of the 
 Washtenaw House for a cemetery, which is still in use. Elizabeth 
 
890 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOITNTY. 
 
 Thompson, mother of Wm. K Thompson, was the first person 
 buried there. 
 
 Forest Hill Cemetery was dedicated in 1859. This burial ground 
 was laid out by the master gardener for the proprietary. In later 
 years the gate house was added, vaults erected and additions made 
 to the drive ways; improvement has followed improvement, until 
 now, throughout its entire area of 40 acres, there is nothing to 
 remind the visitor of this home of the dead, save the elegant mon- 
 uments raised to their memory. The cemetery is located on the 
 eastern side of the city, and is another monument to the civilization 
 of our time. 
 
 Among the monuments in Forest Hill are those erected to com- 
 memorate the names of Henning, Blake, Swift, Millen, Fasquelle, 
 Hunt, Bach, Sackett^ Wheeler, Spaulding, Godfrey, Howard, 
 White, Gillespie, Chase, Gregory, Behr, Eichards, Molony, Gerner, 
 Bender, Welles, Sinclair, Pond, Maynard, Greenville, Scott, Os- 
 born, Goodale, Boyden, Beal, Brakey, Treadwell, Mclntyre, Mor- 
 gan, Ellsworth, Lund, Cheevers, Eead, Loomis, Danforth, Gerner, 
 Searman, Risdon, George. In the older cemeteries, the marble 
 perpetuates the names of many of the old settlers who died previous 
 to 1859. 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF JOHN THOMPSON (deceased). 
 
 -J 
 
 I was born in Waterford, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Feb. 21, 1798. 
 1 came to Ann Arbor Dec. 24,1831. The country was beautiful 
 beyond description; the spring following was early, and the Michi- 
 gan roses grew and bloomed plentifully; the wild grape vines clam- 
 bered over the wild plum trees. 
 
 The village was small at that time. I rented of Mr. Asa L. Smith 
 a one story and a half house on Main street, on the ground where 
 Mr. Widenmann's store now is. After getting settled, I opened a 
 small store in my house. I had to go to Detroit for supplies with an 
 ox team, which in those days took nearly one week to accomplish. I 
 purchased one barrel of apples, one box of candies (the first one ever 
 brought to Ann Arbor for sale), and $25 worth of groceries, which 
 was, to my mind then, quite an outfit. Mr. A. Brown, who had been 
 in the village some time before me, had a store where Philip Bach 
 now sells goods. There was a tavern on the corner where the Ann 
 Arbor Savings Bank stands. There was also a log tavern, which 
 had been clapboarded, and stood on the spot now covered by the 
 Gregory House. 
 
 The Presbyterians had a low wooden building, about in the cen- 
 ter, or on the southeast corner of the land now occupied by the 
 same society. The Episcopalians held their services in a school- 
 house. The Methodist and Baptist Churches worshiped God alter- 
 nately in the old red brick school-house, which was where Mr. Mc- 
 Creery's house is. We had good and true ministers then, as well 
 as now, and the names of Beach, Twist, Gavet, Pilcher and Colclazer 
 
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 891 
 
 will not soon be forgotten. An amusing incident, I remember, oc^ 
 curred in Mr. C.'s ministry, which I will relate. Bro. Colclazer 
 went north ot our village 30 miles to attend a quarterly meeting; 
 and in those good old days we had a sermon on Saturday afternoon, 
 and friends from a distance, and neighbors, came to attend that ser- 
 vice, as well as to be on time for the love-feast on Sunday morning. 
 Well, Bro. C. was to stay with Bro. Boutwell, and he, of course, took 
 pleasure and pride to have all things pleasant at home, and the 
 school-house in apple-pie order, for his guest. There were also 
 many brothers and sisters " in the Church" stopping with Bro. B. 
 Saturday night came, and Mr. B. took the man of God to his room 
 for the night, which was at the head of the ladder, in a log house , 
 with sheets hung up for partitions. Mr. Colclazer thanked his 
 friend for his good bed. Mr. Boutwell said good night, and " We 
 shall all want to get up early in the morning." The minister pre- 
 pared for bed, took off his wig (altliough quite a young man) and 
 hung it on the bed-post at the head of his bed, and composed him- 
 self to rest. As it was such a rare occasion in Mr. B.'s life, he 
 could not sleep, for he feared all might not pass off as he wished. 
 So he rose up early in the morning, at break of day, and stepped 
 np the ladder, loudly called his daughter " to get up quick, for they 
 had so many to get breakfast for." ISfo sooner had he said that, 
 when he beheld the poor wig on the bed-post, and it being the first 
 one he ever saw, he was very badly frightened, and thought the In- 
 dians had scalped the minister. So he hallooed: "Oh, the Indians! 
 the Indians! " At this moment the minister,awakenedoutof sound 
 sleep, was alarmed too, and raised up quickly in bed, forgetting his 
 bald head in his fright. This was too much for Mr. B. He now 
 was sure that the Indians had been there, and, scared almost to 
 death, screamed " Murder! murder! " at the top of his voice, which 
 brought all the family from below, and guests from above, to the 
 scene. A-S Mr. B. was in his night-clothes, he made a strange ap- 
 pearance. When all was explained, and the wig placed in its legit- 
 imate place, all were merry at Bro. B.'s expense. Poor man, he 
 was so chagrined and troubled tiiat he rushed below, and did not 
 appear at breakfast, love-feast or school-house. 
 
 John Allen was postmaster at Ann Arbor; my brother, Hiram 
 Thompson, postmaster at Jackson. I carried the tirst United States 
 mail from Ann Arbor to Jackson. The mail was small then, con- 
 sisting of about six letters, which I carried in my hat. What kind 
 of a hat would it take to carry Ann Arbor's mail now? Tiie postage 
 was 25 cents per letter. I went once a week with the mail, for 
 three months, always on foot, and following the Indian trail. The 
 journey took four days, for which I received 50 cents per day. 
 There were no bridges then, and I was obliged to ford the creeks 
 the best way I could. The walk was a long 40 miles, some parts 
 of it pleasant to recall; not so much so, however, the howling of 
 the wolves near by, and I a long mile from a tavern. I used to see 
 
892 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 a great many deer, roaming at their will over the oak openings. 
 After a while the mail was carried in a lumber wagon. 
 
 My brother, Win. E,. Thompson, went into the Washtenaw 
 House, Lower Town, in 1833. He was one of the commissioners 
 of the first railroad from Detroit to Marshall, and one of five of the 
 pioneers who gave 40 acres of land to our Michigan University. 
 The names of those men were: Judge Rumsey, Charles Thayer, 
 Gov. Mundy, Wm. S. Maynard and Wm. R. Thompson. 
 
 My mother, Elizabeth Thompson, came with my family to Ann 
 Arbor in 1831, and died in November, 1833. Mr. Anson Brown 
 gave a plat of ground (which is still in use) on the hill just back of 
 Washtenaw House, for a resting place for our dead; and as my 
 mother was the first person who was buried in that ground, it was 
 bounded by her grave. 
 
 I was drafted for the Toledo war. Judge Crane, of Dexter, was 
 appointed captain, and Peter Slingerland, colonel. 1 have lived 
 through the Toledo and Black Hawk wars. 
 
 V BEM[NISOBNGES OF LOBRIN MILLS. 
 
 My first visit to Ann Arbor was in June, 1826, to visit several 
 brothers who lived two miles east of the town. Messrs. John Allen 
 and Walker Rumsey, the proprietors of the town, had been iiere 
 then about two years and a half. As I was then living in Buffalo, 
 I saw Mr. Allen there before he ever came here. He was from Vir- 
 ginia. He got acquainted with the man I was living with, and 
 told him he was going West to find a place to start a town, and 
 when he got located he would let him know where he was. On his 
 way up the lake he stopped at Cleveland and there for the first 
 time he saw Mr. Ramsey. He found that Mr. R. was going on 
 the same business, and they agreed to go on together. 
 
 They came to Detroit, and from there came to a place called 
 Woodruff's Grove, one mile east of Ypsilanti, but I believe it is now 
 included in the corporation. From there they came to this place, 
 it being 10 miles beyond the last house. This I think was in 
 February, 1824. Mr. Rumsey had his wife with him, so she was 
 the first white woman here. They took their boxes and blankets 
 and made a kind of a tent on the ground now owned by Weil 
 brothers, between Huron and Washington streets, near Allen's 
 creek, as they called it. There they found a good spring. They 
 soon put up a log house just east of their tent on a little higher 
 ground. Where the main part of the town now stands was a 
 beautiful burr-oak plain. As Mrs. Allen's name was Ann and 
 Mrs. Rumsey's name was Mary Ann, they agreed to take the Ann 
 from their wife's name and put tlie Arbor to it and make the very 
 pretty name of Ann Arbor; and I believe there is not another town 
 in all the world by that name. As I was well acquainted with both 
 these men and their wives, I have often heard them tell how the 
 name was born. 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 893 
 
 "When I first came here from Buifalo in 1826, it took a steamboat 
 three days to get from Buffalo to Detroit. Upon landing there I 
 found the only way to get to Ann Arbor was by stage, which was a 
 lumber wagon, driven by Deacon Bethnel Farrand,who also carried 
 the mail. We started from Detroit early in the morning and 
 traveled all day, and at night we had got as far as Swartsburg, a few 
 miles east of Plymouth. As we had got through the timbered land 
 and the roads were better the rest of the way, we arrived in Ann 
 Arbor the next day about 4 p. m. Where the lower town now is, 
 was then all woods, what was called timbered openings. 
 
 We forded the river as there was no bridge; I think there had 
 never been a bridge then across the river anywhere. There was a 
 small grist-mill on the river just above where Swathel's mill now 
 stands, and a race running from there to a point below Hooper's 
 brewery, where there was a saw-mill. My first stopping place was 
 at Mr. Allen's hotel, which was a two-story log house, logs hewed, 
 and clapboarded on the outside, and stood where the Gregory House 
 now stands. 
 
 The first Sabbath I spent here I attended meeting in a logshouse 
 used as a school-house, which stood where Edward Duffy' store 
 now stands. As there was no minister the sermon was read' and a 
 Sabbath-school of about 30 scholars was held immediately after- 
 ward. There was no Church organized in the place at that time. 
 The first Church organization was that of the Presbyterian Church, 
 which was effected in August, 1826. I think that of the 16 
 original members there are still two living; Mrs. Deacon Farrand, 
 of Detroit, and Mrs. Camp, in Grand Ilapids,Mich. While making 
 my visit here I made \ip my mind to make this my home; I re- 
 turned to Buflklo and remained until October, and then came here 
 and opened the first tailor shop west of Detroit, so that between 
 my visit here in June and my return in the fall the Presbyterian 
 Church was organized. The first Sabbath-school that gathered west 
 of Detroit, was in the summer of 1825, by Miss H. G. Parsons (af- 
 terward my wife). She had just come from Connecticut. It was 
 held in the woods about halfway between Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti. 
 For seats they put slabs on some logs. She gathered about 12 
 scholars. 
 
 When 1 came to Ann Arbor there was one house at Dexter. 
 That was the jumping-oif place, for a wagon had never been beyond 
 that place. The next winter I saw three men start with a one- 
 horse wagon to go where Jackson now is, to stick the stake for the 
 next county seat west of this. The name of two of these men was 
 Blackraan: I do not remember the name of the other. The next 
 year another company started for the next county seat, Marshall, 
 and so emigration has gone on west until it has reached the Pacific 
 Ocean. I put up the first brick house that was built in Ann Arbor, 
 my brother making the brick abont two miles east of the town. It 
 was on the corner of Main and Liberty streets, where it still stands; 
 it was built in 1830. I have a good picture of the house, which I 
 
894 msTOET OF washtenaw county. 
 
 will present to the Pioneer Society when 1 get through with it. 
 Where the University now stands and 40 acres west of it was en- 
 closed for a farm, with a small house on it. But a small part of it 
 was under cultivation. It was owned by Judge Henry JRumsey, 
 brother of "Walker Rumsey. 
 
 EEMINISOENOES OF REV. THOMAS HOLMES. 
 
 Among the earliest settlers of Ann Arbor was Asa L. Smith, 
 with his wife and one child. Asa L. Smith was born at Boston, 
 Mass., May 12, 1792. 
 
 Sarah Syrena Irons was born Oct. 22, 1798, at Dnadilla, N. Y. 
 
 These were married July 12, 1822, at Gates, N. Y. The fruit 
 of this marriage was seven children, five daughters and two sons, 
 only two of whom will need particular mention in this work. The 
 oldest child, Lettice, was born May 8, 1823, at Rochester, N. Y. 
 The second, E. W. Rumsey, was born November 24, 1825, and died 
 April 5, 1827, at Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 THE EMIGRATION. 
 
 Respecting Mr. Smith's emigration to Ann Arbor, the following 
 facts are well authenticated. On the 8th day of May, 1824, the day 
 Lettice was one jea.r old, he left Rochester, with his family, for 
 Michigan, at that time the objective point of northwestern emigra- 
 tion, not knowing deiinitely where he would locate. A man, whose 
 legitimate (?) business was smuggling goods from Canada into the 
 States, furnished them means of transportation from Rochester to 
 Buffalo. From Buffalo they made the passage up Lake Erie on a 
 sail boat, whose name is forgotten, that had been down the lake 
 with a cargo of fish. After a few days' delay at Detroit, where 
 they fell in with Messrs. Rumsey and Allen, the founders of the 
 new settlement of Ann Arbor, persuaded by their glowing descrip- 
 tions of its advantages and prospects, they shipped their goods on a 
 flat-boat up the Huron, and left Detroit on foot, about 2 o'clock, p. 
 M. of the 27th of May. Tliat night was spent at Ten Eyck's. The 
 next day brought them to Ypsilanti, and the third. May 29th, to 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 LIFE IN THE NEW SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Previous to the arrival of Mr. Smith, no white woman, except 
 Mrs. Rumsey, had set foot in the new settlement; hence, on their 
 arrival, Mr. Smith's family was immediately taken into Mr. Rum- 
 sey's house that Mrs. Smith might do the cooking for several men 
 employed in building a mill. Here they spent about three weeks, 
 within which time several others arrived. The first shelter Mr. 
 Smith constructed for his own accommodation was made by support- 
 ing an inverted wagon-box on poles driven into the ground, and 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 897 
 
 suspending blankets to its edge. This rude covering protected it 
 partially from the chilly night air, though they did not shut out 
 the music of the wolves that frequently serenaded the settlers with 
 notes of questionable welcome. This kind of tabernacle soon gave 
 place, as civilization advanced, to a hut constructed of poles and 
 covered with bark pealed from the forest trees; whicli was, in its 
 turn exchanged, about the first of October, for a log liouse, which 
 Mr. Smith had erected on Main street, nortli of court-liouse 
 square, on the spot now occupied by a small, ancient frame, owned 
 by J. & P. Donnelly. A dispute arising respecting the lot, Mr. 
 Smith sold this house and built another on the south side of Huron 
 street, corner of First, now owned by "Weil Brothers. This was the 
 house of the family for several years, and two of his children were 
 born there. In the summer of 1828, as nearly as I have been able 
 to determine, Mr. Smith erected a frame house on the spot now 
 occupied by the shoe shop west of the postoffice, and moved his 
 family into it. 
 
 During these early years of enterprise, toil and hardship, Mr. 
 Smith, being a mechanic, built many of the residences of the in- 
 coming settlers, frequently selling the one in which he was living 
 and building another for himself. In this way, within seven years, 
 from 1824 to 1831, the family exchanged one home for another 
 13 times. Among the buildings erected by him was the first 
 school-house, standing on the site now occupied by Zion's Lutheran 
 Church. This school-house was also the place where the first public 
 religious assemblies were convened. It was the cradle of both the 
 Presbyterian and Episcopal Churches that now bless the city. While 
 spending his days thns in building houses, many of his evenings, 
 and some whole nights, were spent in manufacturing bedsteads, 
 which he sold at $2.50. 
 
 In 1831, a settlement having been made on the north side of the 
 Huron, it being the prevailing opinion with some that business 
 would tend in that direction, Mr. Smith purchased the lot and 
 erected that portion of the Hnron block, now known as the estate 
 of 6. Ludholtz, and, while the family occupied one part, opened 
 a store of dry goods and groceries in another, and a cabinet shop 
 above. These comfortable quarters were sold in 1836 to Ingalls 
 and Morgan, and a two-story frame standing a few rods north of 
 the Washtenaw House, and owned, at the present time, by A. Herz, 
 was purchased of John Evarts. This building was used as both 
 store and residence until 1837, when the house standing on the 
 corner of Brown and Travers streets, now owned by Mrs. Irish, was 
 purchased of E. W. Morgan for a residence, where he spent the 
 remainder of his life, and died Feb. 13, 1844. 
 
 Four years after the death of Mr. Smith his widow removed to 
 Augusta, Kalamazoo county, where she married Mr. C. McKay, 
 with whom slie lived until his decease in 1860, since which time 
 she has resided with her yonngest daughter, Martha Ann Hickman, 
 wife of George Hickman, in Battle Creek. Mrs. McKay is now in 
 
 53 
 
898 HISTOET OF WASHTEKAW COUNTS. 
 
 her 79th year. Her memory of the events of her pioneer life is 
 still perfect, and, thongh sight and hearing are somewhat impaired, 
 both mental and physical powers are still vigorous and active. She 
 has been able to walk about a quarter of a mile to church nearly 
 every Sabbath during the past winter. Unless some one knows that 
 an earlier pioneer than she is still alive, we claim for her that 
 her advent in Ann Arbor antedates that of any other person now 
 living. 
 
 ANN AEBOE's first BABY. 
 
 One of the interesting questions respecting the early history of 
 an American town is: Who was the first child born there ? For 
 many years this question, as it regards the town of Ann Arbor, has 
 received no satisfactory answer. Into these lists, confident of an 
 easy victory, we bring the name of Elisha "Walker Eumsey Smith, 
 son of Asa L. and Syrena Smith, born ]S"ov. 24, 1825. This dis- 
 tinction, I am informed, has been claimed for Mr. John L. ISTow- 
 land, but Mr. Nowland was born, as I learned from his own lips, 
 June 13, 1826, and in such a case the family record must decide. 
 Eespecting the claim that Mrs. Rumsey had a son " born in the 
 early part of the year 1824, and named in honor of Territorial Gov- 
 ernor Lewis Cass Rumsey," as is stated in Evarts & Stewart's 
 Historical Atlas of Washtenaw county, I have only to say that it 
 is unfortunate that no family record can be found of such an event, 
 that might lift it from the uncertainty of mere rumor bj' establish- 
 ing for it a definite date. Mrs. McKay has no recollection of it, 
 though she does remember that Mrs. Rumsey had a son a short time 
 subsequent to the birth of her own. Moreover, this son of Mrs. 
 Smith was named after Mr. Rumsey by his request, and he prom- 
 ised him also a village lot, as a token of the distinction that lie was 
 the first child born in the town. These facts have never been 
 brought forward before, because the mother of the favored boy was 
 never aware until about a year ago that any question respecting 
 this priority of birth had ever been raised. When informed of the 
 fact of such a dispute, she made the above statements without hesi- 
 tation or reserve; and we have no doubt of their reliabilit3^ 
 
 THAT LITTLE GIRL. 
 
 It would not be fitting to close this paper without some allusion 
 to the little one-year-old girl he brought in his arms from Detroit 
 on foot over the Pottawatomie trail. For some time after their 
 arrival, she was the only child, " the bright particular star," of the 
 settlement. The incidents of her childhood, though full of interest 
 to her and appropriate in the family circle, must, of course, be 
 omitted on an occasion like this. One, at least, must sufiice. Be- 
 ing one day, with other children, on Hiscock's hill gathering 
 strawberries, some wolves were seen approaching them, from which 
 
ANN AKBOE TOWNSHIP. 899 
 
 they escaped only by the uimbleness of their feet, to which their 
 fright seemed to contribute not a little. The graver events of later 
 years that served to fit her for a field of great usefulness and honor, 
 and make her worthy to-day of the University City of the State, 
 were, briefly, the following: Spurred on by a lofty and noble ambi- 
 tion, at a time when the ability of woman to cope with men in 
 classic strife was doubted, and under circumstances superlatively 
 adverse and discouraging, in 184Y she took the degree of Bachelor 
 of Arts from Oberlin College, Ohio; and, in 1850, the second degree, 
 Master of Arts, from the same institution. In 1856, having taught 
 Latin one year with masterly success in the preparatory depart- 
 ment of Antioch College, Ohio, she joined her husband (the writer 
 of this paper, to whom she was married in 1847) in Europe, from 
 which foreign tour she did not return until 1861, having spent five 
 years and a half in the pursuit of modern languages, painting, his- 
 tory, etc., under circumstances advantageous and encouraging. 
 After her return, her eminent qualifications would not permit her 
 to remain long simply a pastor's wife; and, in 1866, after much per- 
 suasion, she was induced to take the professorship of modern lan- 
 guages in the Union Christian College, a new- institution, founded 
 six years before, in Indiana. The next year, means for endowing 
 professorships being scarce, by her own request, Latin was added 
 to her department, and for nine years she taught from five to seven 
 hours a day, witli such dignity, efficiency, and success as to place 
 her among the best teachers in this country. I have never seen her 
 surpassed in the professor's chair. 
 
 I OLD OKEMOS. • 
 
 In May, 1859, Old Okemos, nephew of Pontiac, the Chief of the 
 Pottawatomies, passed to the Indian heaven. He is remembered by 
 the early settlers of Ann Arbor by his regular visits to town, his 
 fine horsemanship, and the long train of squaws and ponies in 
 single file following at his horse's tail, laden with the fruits of the 
 chase, and the endless otocoo^ of Indian sugar, ready for a trade, 
 for all sorts of traps and edibles. Even the females of the early 
 settlers were quite willing to allow the old Chief, with his numer- 
 ous progeny, a quiet smoke by the fireside, or a waburik upon the 
 kitchen floor, as an offset for the convenience of this traveling 
 market of suceasee and jpokamin (venison and cranberries), the 
 staple article of his trade, for the Chief was merchant, as well as 
 the governor, judge, jury, and general depository of the secrets of 
 his tribe. 
 
 Old Okemos, though terrible in battle — as his cloven skull and 
 numerous scars are proof positive that he had seen service — was 
 gentle as a child when off duty. He made himself extremelj' in- 
 teresting to the Chomokoman papooses who always gathered around 
 him, and lost no opportunity of initiating them into the mysteries 
 of the pure aboriginal language. 
 
900 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The evidences of aboriginal universal knowledge are extremely 
 rare, because such knowledge is deemed among them a tribal secret 
 which is felony to disclose. These evidences are, however, much 
 more numerous than thepublicare aware of, from the fact that Amer- 
 ican archaeologists have grouped the various evidences of Indian 
 skill, labor, or ingenuity, and upon these evidences have founded the 
 visionary theory that the American continent was inhabited by a 
 semi-civilized race, long since extinct. 
 
 Old Okemos was never known to forfeit his word or betray his 
 friends but once, and then only when gratitude for numerous fa- 
 vors had induced him to betray his tribal secrets. 
 
 In the fall of 1827, Brown &Co. established at Ann Arbor a store 
 for the sale of general merchandise. Old Okemos, after having be- 
 stowed upon the senior Brown the Indian christening of Tichisquie 
 (Long-legs) became a regular customer, ^j virtue of being the 
 principal trader, the Chief received numerous presents, and was al- 
 lowed to spread his blanket and pass the night upon the store floor, 
 while N. I. Brown, the clerk, slept near by. Upon one of these oc- 
 casions, when the village had retired to rest, Okemos called up 
 young Brown and informed him that he had a great secret to tell 
 him. Holding to the light a silver half dollar, and pointing to the 
 northwest, he proceeded to state that away in that direction, six days' 
 travel, there was plenty of silver in the earth. Brown listened to 
 him and agreed, upon his next visit, to purchase of him a horse and 
 accompany him to the place of silver in the earth. Some two weeks 
 after, Okemos came down alone, leading an extra horse. Necessary 
 preparations were made during the night, and at day-light, next 
 morning, Browfl with blankets and provisions, and the Chief with 
 an extra keg of fire-water, were on their way to the silver mine. 
 
 Taking their route to the northwest, toward the copper region, 
 where silver has been found in small quantities, nothing of interest 
 occurred until the third day, wlien the old Chief became moody and 
 cross. Just before sunset he seemed to awake from a deep reflec- 
 tion — making the woods ring with his yells, and putting his horse 
 to the top of his speed, was soon out of sight. Brown pursued 
 until night, when dismounting, leading his horse and keeping the 
 trail with his feet, he kept on his course. Late in the evening he 
 came upon an Indian camp with Okemos in the center, and all of 
 them intoxicated. Brown passed on a short distance, and, holding 
 his horse by the bridle, passed the night. Going to the camp in 
 the morning, he found the Indians in a sulky mood taunting 
 Okemos with his treachery, and calling him a bad Indian. The old 
 Chief, with'numerous threats and flourishes with his scalping knife, 
 ordered the " papoose " to wachee wigwam. 
 
 Brown, aware that the game was up, mounted his horse and 
 made a long reach for home. At night, after holding his horse in 
 the grass for a feed, he made him fast to a sapling, and testing the 
 quality of his salt provisions, and rollinghimself in his blanket, was 
 soon in a sound sleep. Worn down with his long ride and vigils 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 901 
 
 of the previous niglit, he did not wake the next morning until the 
 sun was high in the heavens, when his horse, unused to be kept 
 from the herd, had broken his fastenings and left. A slight meal 
 of raw pork and crackers answered Brown's purpose, as he figured 
 on his position — two days out from any settlement and without a 
 horse. There was, however, no time to be lost. Throwing his 
 provisions over one shoulder and his blanket over the other, he took 
 his horse's track and started in search. A few hours of eager pur- 
 suit brought him up with the horse, which he succeeded in captur- 
 ing. Finding it impossible to follow, on horseback, his back trail, 
 he gave up the attempt and was soon lost in the woods, but traveled 
 at the top of his horse's speed, not knowing whether he was in the 
 right direction or not. 
 
 In the early settlement of Ann Arbor, widow Stratton, with her 
 family, occupied the farm one mile south of the city. Her second 
 son, Samuel Stratton, then some 20 years of age, was subject 
 to occasional fits of insanity. "When the fit was upon him, he would 
 take to the woods, and, subsisting only on berries and roots, in one 
 or two weeks starve it out and return entirely sane. 
 
 At the time of young Brown's hunt for the silver mine, Stratton had 
 been absent about two weeks, his friends supposing he had wandered 
 oflF a great distance and probably starved. Stratton says that in the 
 afternoon he saw Brown riding in an opening, in a circle, at full 
 speed, and knowing, from his actions, he was lost, took his station 
 behind a tree to give him a good scare ; so, as the horse came round, 
 he broke out after him, yelling a million murders. He then left 
 the circle and made a straight break for the woods. The pony, 
 equally frightened with the rider, ran into a swamp, and sinking 
 down, stuck fast. Brown gave it up; there was the devil, for he 
 had seen him. Turning in his saddle to take a fair look, Stratton, 
 nude as he was born, and out-grimacing the arch-fiend of evil, was 
 standing at his horse's tail, and with a hoarse laugh roared out: 
 "Brown, don't yoii know me?" 
 
 Stratton says, that as soon as Brown was able to speak, he quietly 
 remarked : 
 
 " Look here. Mister, do you know the way out of these woods?" 
 
 " Of course," replied Stratton. 
 
 "Well, then," said Brown, "do you just take me home, and you 
 shall have the best suit of clothes in the store." 
 
 "Done," said Stratton. How's the provisions?" 
 
 Stratton swept the pile, at least four pounds of pork and crackers 
 to match, and throwing Brown's blanket over his shoulders, they 
 took a bee-line for home. Coming to a settlement the next day, 
 Stratton staid out, holding Brown's horse, while Brown went in, 
 and after purchasing a suit of half worn clothes, ordered dinner for 
 four. 
 
 " Why, do you think I'm so stingy ? " said the old lady. 
 
 " Never mind," said Brown, " set on the victuals." 
 
902 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTTNTT. 
 
 Afterward, when the old lady was looking on and observing. the 
 destruction of her winter stores, she exclaimed, " I shall charge for 
 foior! " 
 
 Finishing their meal they arrived in town late in the evening. 
 Brown resumed the duties of his clerkship, and Stratton appeared 
 the best dressed man in the streets. 
 
 Brown never abandoned his ideal silver mine, but sought it after- 
 ward above the surface. A few years after, he bought several of 
 the most valuable locations in the Grand river valley, including the 
 grindstone ledge in Eaton county, and the first stone coal discov- 
 ered in the State; also a valuable tract of fine timber with water 
 power upon Buck creek, Kent county, upon which he immediately 
 erected mills, and ran the first raft of lumber on Grand river, thus 
 commencing the Michigan and Chicago lumber trade, which has 
 since increased to hundreds of millions. 
 
 Okemos, ashamed of his perfidy never after recognized acquaint- 
 ance, or entered the store of Brown & Co., but took his netos and 
 bartered his furs at the rival store of General Clark. 
 
 FIEST CELEBEATION OF INDEPENDENCE DAT. 
 
 Wherever he may be, on land or sea, surrounded by every evi- 
 dence of civilization, home and friends, in the deserts or among 
 the forests of the far West, every American citizen remembers the 
 birthday of his country and desires to celebrate it in a becoming 
 manner. In a letter by Ezra Maynard, of Ann Arbor, to his son 
 William, of Whitesboro, N. Y., he says: "On Monday, July 4, 
 1825, we are going to celebrate the first Independence day in Ann 
 Arbor. It is to be celebrated in grand style, and I am to take the 
 lead in the public exercises. Four of your sisters are making prep- 
 arations for a grand ball at the Washtenavv Hotel. John and the 
 younger girls are as much engaged to see what will be done as any 
 of them. I am afraid your poor old mother will be left alone in 
 the neighborhood as M — • — is president of the singing club and 
 must be there of course." The mother adds a word a day later: 
 "The family returned all tired out — hadfine times; everything con- 
 ducted in Massachusetts and New York style. Procession, prayer, 
 reading the declaration, oration and elegant dinner; upward of 
 a hundred people sat down to eat," etc. The subjoined item was 
 written by Ezra Maynard : " The 50th anniversary of Independence 
 was celebrated in as solemn and becoming a manner as I ever saw it 
 anywhere. More than 300 dined at John Allen's. Exercises on 
 the grounds, prayer by Dr. Maynard (himself). Declaration of In- 
 dependence by Col. James Allen, oration by Samuel Dexter, Esq., 
 together with a band of music." 
 
 SEMI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 
 
 On the 24:th day of February, 1875, a celebration in honor of the 
 fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Ann Arbor took place in 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 903 
 
 that city. Fifty years previous two hardy pioneers, John Allen and 
 Waiter Eumsey, pierced the trackless wilderness which lay between 
 the country bordering the Huron river and the civilization of the 
 great lakes, and pitched their tents at the very intersection of Hu- 
 ron and First streets in what is now the city of Ann Arbor — 
 although not the first settlement in Washtenaw county — the coun- 
 try in the immediate vicinity of Ypsilanti having been settled over 
 a year before by Major Woodruff, John Bryant, R. M. Stitts and 
 others. These were the primitive settlers of the county seat. Thej"- 
 soon after erected the customary log cabins, and with their families 
 were in possession when the next settlers arrived. 
 
 In commemoration of this event, at the invitation of the Pio- 
 neer Society of Washtenaw County, the gray -haired men and 
 women, who in a great measure survey life througli the loop-holes 
 of the past, with many representatives of generations later, assem- 
 bled in the parlors of the Methodist church. 
 
 Among the most interesting features of the occasion was quite 
 a large collection of articles of various use which had been brought 
 in by some of those in attendance, which are already regarded as 
 curiosities, and ere long will be looked upon as veritable an- 
 tiquities. 
 
 In the rear of one of the rooms was noticed a square-shaped, 
 odd-looking instrument, which, on inquiry, was said to be a piano, 
 though it possesses few,if any, features common to these instruments 
 now-a-days. It was brought to Ann Arbor in May, 1827; John 
 Anderson conveyed it from Detroit by an ox team. The teamster 
 was somewhat fearful as to the contents of his box, which " thun- 
 dered so," but was finally prevailed upon to assist in unloading it. 
 It was first set up in the house of Harvey Austin, and is still in the 
 possession of a citizen of Ann Arbor — Mrs. C. A. Chapin, daugh- 
 ter of Hon. James Kingsley. 
 
 The Tawas and Pottawatomie Indians frequently dancsd to its 
 music, and on one occasion one of the chiefs was strenuous in his 
 efforts to exchange half a dozen ponies for the instrument and its 
 fair performer. It was manufactured in New York by John Kear- 
 sing & Son, and purchased for $75. It has only five octaves, and is 
 the first instrument of the kind brought west of Detroit. 
 
 Among the pioneers present who experienced the hardships as 
 well as joys of the first few years which followed the settlement of 
 the countj' seat was Calvin Chipman. He came here in 1824 and 
 assisted in the raising of the first log house, which event happened 
 in June of that same year. 
 
 Mr. Chipman called the vote that gave the city its present name 
 under the following circumstances: Mr. Rumsey, who then lived 
 in a log house near the present site of the Episcopal church, had 
 built an arbor close by. Mrs. Kumsey, whose name was Ann, 
 remarked one day to her husband in answer to his observation, 
 "What a beautiful arbor we have! why not call it Ann's 
 arbor?" Mr. Chipman, who was present, in the usual manner of 
 
904 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 deliberative assemblies put the question to vote, and it was unani- 
 mously carried. 
 
 INCOEPORATION OF THE VILLAGE. 
 
 On the 23d day of April, 1833, an act for the incorporation of 
 the village was passed by the Legislative Council, and approved by 
 the Governor of the Territory. This act made the corporate limits 
 to be all that part of the township of Ann Arbor comprised within 
 the limits of the village plat, laid out and recorded by the propri- 
 etors, John Allen and Eiisha W. Eumsey. Under this act the first 
 election was held on the 7th day of July, 1834, at the inn of Ohaun- 
 cey S. Goodrich, for the purpose of electing a president, recorder 
 and six trustees. Nathan Thayer and Anson Brown were chosen 
 Judges of Election, and Edward Clark, Clerk. At the election 56 
 votes were cast. 
 
 The first meeting of the council was held July 8, 1834, at which 
 the President, John Allen, and David Page, Edward Mundy, 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich, Anson Brown, E. W. Morgan and Chandler 
 Carter, Trustees, were present. After casting lots for the classes as 
 provided in the fourth section of the act to incorporate, the coun- 
 cil proceeded to pass an act for the election of a treasurer, marshal 
 and two assessors annually. 
 
 At the second meeting of the council, held Aug. 1, 1834, it 
 was voted the sum of $300 should be raised to meet the expenses 
 of the village for the coming year, $200 of which should be raised 
 on the west side of the Huron river, and $100 on the east. 
 
 J. E. Field, who was elected to the office of recorder, but who 
 had not resided in the village or Territory of Michigan one year, 
 resigned the office, and Charles Thayer was elected by the council 
 to fill the vacancy. 
 
 The council next turned its attention to the passage of ordi- 
 nances to prevent swine from running at large, relative to dogs, 
 shooting in the village limits, running horses, selling liquor, 
 exhibiting cattle, hogs and other animals, prohibiting carelessness 
 with fire, and other weighty matters that receive the attention of 
 all law-making power. 
 
 For some two or three years, more or less, business demanded 
 the attention of the council, and meetings were of frequent occur- 
 rence. After the year 1836, they were held less regularly. On 
 the 30th day of July, 1840, a meeting was held at which several 
 bills were allowed. Among others, one allowing Poswell Parsons 
 one dollar per year " for ringing the bell in the Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-house," for the ensuing year. No record is made on the 
 recorder's books of the purpose for which this bell was rung, but 
 " old settlers " say it was rung at 12 o'clock, noon, and at nine 
 o'clock, p. M., the last hour being considered the orthodox bed- 
 time. The next record reads as follows: 
 
 The annual elections for village officers were duly notified for the years 1841 
 and 1842, according to law, and there were not present each time officers of the 
 Board sufficient to foi-m a quorum, and the elections went by default. 
 
 b. T. McCOLMM, 
 
 July 10, 1842. Recorder. 
 
ANN AKBOE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 905 
 
 There being no elections held these years named, the officers 
 elected in 1840 held their offices over two years, the next election 
 being on the 3d day of July, 1843, at which time a full Board of 
 Trustees and all other officers were elected. 
 
 In 1846 the village charter was amended so the elections should 
 be held in May instead of July each year. In addition to the 
 officers hei'etofore elected were added three street commissioners, 
 two collectors and an attorney, who were each to be elected at the 
 same time and place as the other officers. Under this act the busi- 
 ness of the village was transacted until the spring of 1861, when a 
 city charter was adopted by the citizens of the village. The last 
 meeting of the village Common Council was held Dec. 5, 1850. 
 The boundaries of the village, under the amended act of 1846, 
 were enlarged and were as follows: "So much of that tract of 
 country situated in the township of Ann Arbor, in the county of 
 Washtenaw, known as the south half of sec. 20, the southwest 
 one-quarter of sec. 21, the west half of sec. 28, and sec. 29, lying 
 south of the railroad, except that part of sec. 28 belonging to 
 Dwight Kellogg, be, and the same is, hereby constituted a town, 
 corporate by the name of the village of Ann Arbor." 
 
 VILLAGE OFFIGEES. 
 
 From the organization of the village to the repeal of its charter, 
 officers were annually elected with the exception of the years 1841 
 and 1842, when the elections were permitted to goby default. The 
 following named persons served in the offices and years mentioned: 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 John Allen, Pi'esident 1834 
 
 David Pan;e 1834 
 
 Edward Jiliindy 1834 
 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich 1834 
 
 Anson Brown 1884 
 
 E. W. Morgan 1834 
 
 Chandler Carter 1834 
 
 George W. Jewett, President. .1835 
 
 William J. Maj-nard 1835 
 
 Dwight Kellogg 1835 
 
 Samuel Doty 1885 
 
 ■William S. ^laynard, Presidentl886 
 
 William R. Thompson 1836 
 
 Chester Ingalls 1836 
 
 Caleb N. Ormsby 1836 
 
 William S. Maynard, Presidentl83T 
 
 Volnev Chapin 1837 
 
 Edward Clark 1837-40 
 
 Daniel W. Kellogg 1837 
 
 Edwai-d R. Everett, President. .1838 
 
 Horace Moore 18.38 
 
 James Jones 1838 
 
 William S. Jlaynard, President.1889 
 
 Volney Chapin 1839 
 
 Cyrus Barkus 1839 
 
 Volney Chapin, Pi-esident 1840 
 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich 1840 
 
 J.H.Lund 1840 
 
 Randall Schuyler 1840 
 
 William R.Thompson, Prest. . .1848 
 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich 1843 
 
 George Sedgwick 1843 
 
 N. R. Rams^ell 1843 
 
 Chester Ingalls 1843 
 
 Horace Church 1843 
 
 J. H. Limd 1843 
 
 Olney Hawkins, President 1844 
 
 George W. Armstrong 1844 
 
 Charles H. Cabell 1844 
 
 George Sedgwick, President. . .1845 
 
 Flavius J. B. Crane 1845 
 
 Caleb N. Ormsby 1845 
 
 George Sedgwick, President. .1847 
 
 Hiram Beakes 1847 
 
 Chaj-les Tropp 1847 
 
 ChiU'les Spoor 1847 
 
 George Sedgwick, President. ..1848 
 
 John C. Mundy 1848 
 
 George Greenville 1 848-49 
 
 Caleb B. Thompson 1848-50 
 
 William Fiuley, President 1840 
 
 Emanuel Mann 1849 
 
 William C. Vorhees 1850 
 
 William L. Loomis 1850 
 
900 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 KECOEDEES. 
 
 J. E. Field 1834 
 
 Charles Thayer 1834 
 
 E. W. Morgan 1835-37 
 
 Norton R. Ramsdell 1888 
 
 David T. McColluna 1839-40 
 
 Daniel W. Kelloge 1843 
 
 Elijah W. Morgan 1844 
 
 Norton R. Ramsdell 1845 
 
 D. S. Hickcox 1847 
 
 Daniel S. Hickcox 1848 
 
 David S. Hickcox 1849 
 
 .William Kinsley 1850 
 
 TEBASUEEES. 
 
 James Kingsley 1834-37 
 
 Samuel W. Warner 1838-39 
 
 David A. McCollum 1840 
 
 Ezra Piatt 1844 
 
 Volney Chapin 1845 
 
 Emanuel Mann 1847 
 
 :Moses Rogers 1848-50 
 
 ASSESSORS. 
 
 Dwight Kellogg 1834 
 
 William R. Thompson 1835 
 
 David T. McCollum 1836 
 
 C.N. Ormsby 1837 
 
 Chester Ingalls 1838 
 
 David A. McCollum 1839 
 
 Chester Ingalls. . .' 1889 
 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich 1840 
 
 Leander Stillson 1840 
 
 Chauncey S. Goodrich 1843 
 
 Jas. Gibson 1843 
 
 Jonathan K. Wallace 1844 
 
 Flavins J. B. Crane 1844 
 
 Hiram J.Beakes 1845 
 
 Elisha Donmee 1845 
 
 C0LLECT0E8. 
 
 Emanuel Mann 1847 
 
 S. B. McCracken 1847 
 
 John R. Wilcoxson 1848-49 
 
 Moses Rogers 1850 
 
 MARSHALS. 
 
 David Cavier 1834 
 
 John Horton 1835 
 
 Solon Cook 1836 
 
 P. Slingerland 1837-38 
 
 Stephen Slingerton .1839 
 
 Peter Slingerland 1840 
 
 Eli Snyder 1843 
 
 Jeremiah Peek 1844 
 
 William A. Hatch 1845 
 
 H. K. Stanley 1847 
 
 Samuel G. Sutherland 1848-49 
 
 Nelson B. Nye 1850 
 
 STEEET COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 S. G. Sutherland 1847 
 
 James Weeks 1847 
 
 Moses Rogers 1847 
 
 Ezra Piatt 1848 
 
 Howell B. Norton 1848 
 
 Clements Hathaway 1848 
 
 Edward Clark 1849 
 
 Charles Cairle 1849 
 
 James Weeks 1849 
 
 E. G. Mildt 1850 
 
 Baihew 1850 
 
 Thomas J. Hoskinson 1850 
 
 ATTORNEYS. 
 
 Thomas C. Cutler 1847 
 
 James M. Walker 1848 
 
 Olnev Hawkins 1849 
 
 Tracy W. Root 1850 
 
 CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 After the varying experiences of precinct and village governments, 
 the rapid growth of Aon Arbor required for its proper develop- 
 ment a full and complete city government with all its powers and 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 907 
 
 capabilities; accordingly the village charter was repealed by the 
 Legislature of the State in 1851, and during the same session an 
 act was passed and approved April 4, 1851, incorporating the city 
 of Ann Arbor. The following is the first section of the act: 
 
 " The people of the State of Michigan enact: That so much of 
 the township of Ann Arbor, in the county of Washtenaw, as is in- 
 cluded in the following limits, to-wit: All of section 29, and all of 
 those portions of the south half of section 20, the southwest quarter 
 of section 21, and the west half of section 28, which lies southerly 
 and westerly of the north bank of the Huron river, be, and the same 
 is, hereby set off from said township and declared to be a city by 
 the name of the city of Ann Arbor." 
 
 By this charter the city was divided into four wards, with bound- 
 aries as follows: First ward, all that portion of the city lying south 
 of Huron street; Second ward, all that portion lying south of Huron 
 and west of Main street; Third ward, all that portion lying north of 
 Huron and west of Fourth street; Fourth ward, all that portion 
 lying north of Huron and east of Fourth street. 
 
 The foregoing boundaries of the wards and the limits of the city 
 remained unchanged until 1861, when the charter was amended so as 
 to admit much other territory in the corporate limits. Section 1 
 of the amended charter read as follows: "That so much of the 
 township of Ann Arbor as is included in the foll5wing limits (in- 
 cluding the present city of Aun Arbor), to-wit: The south three- 
 fourths of section 20; the south three-fourths of the west three- 
 fourths of section 21; the west three-fourths of section 28; entire 
 section 29; the northhalf of section 32, and the west three-fourths of 
 the northhalf of section 33, in township 2 south, of range 6 east; and 
 also so much of the east half of the southeast quarter of section 21, 
 and of the east half of the northeast quarter of section 28, as lies 
 west of the easterly bank of the Huron river, and north of the south 
 line of the Territorial road crossing said river on or near the line be- 
 tween said sections, be, and the same is, hereby set ofi" from said 
 township, and declared to be a city by the name of the city of Ann 
 Arbor." 
 
 -By this act the city was divided up into five wards. The first 
 ward comprised all that portion of the city lying south of Huron 
 street and east of Fourth street. The second ward, all south of 
 Huron and west of Fourth streets. The third ward, all north of 
 Huron street and south of River Huron, and west of Fourth street. 
 The fourth ward, all north of Huron street and south of River Hu- 
 ron, and east of Fourth street. The fifth ward, all northeast of the 
 River Huron. Thecharter permitted the common council to alter 
 the boundaries of the wards if by them thought expedient for the 
 public good. 
 
 Again, in 1867, the charter was amended, the limits of the city 
 remaining the same, but the city was divided into six wards. The 
 first ward was to embrace all that portion of the city lying south 
 of Huron street, east of Main street and the Ann Arbor and Lodi 
 
908 
 
 niSTOBT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 plank road, and west of State street, and the Pittsfield road, or 
 State street as continued. The second ward, all south of Huron 
 street and west of Main street and the Ann Arbor and Lodi plank 
 road. The third ward, all north of Huron street and south of the 
 River Huron, and west of Fourth street, extending to the river. 
 The fourth ward, all north of Huron street, and of the line of 
 Huron street as extended to the city limits, and south of the river 
 and east of Fourth street. The fifth ward, all northeast of the river. 
 The sixth ward, all south of Huron street as extended east of city 
 limits, and east of State street and the Pittsfield road, or State 
 street as extended. 
 
 From what we can learn of the city government, it appears to 
 have been constantly growing in the confidence and respect of the 
 public, and its offices have generally been filled with honorable 
 gentlemen. 
 
 The following is the list of officers from 1851 to 1880, inclusive: 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 George Sedgwick 1851-52 
 
 Edwin B. Fremain 1853-54 
 
 James Kingsley. 1855 
 
 William S. Maynard 1856-57 
 
 Philip Bach 1858 
 
 Robert J. Barry 1859-60 
 
 John F. Miller 1861 
 
 Charles Spoor. 1862 
 
 Ebenezer Wells 1863-64 
 
 William S. Maynard 1865 
 
 Oliver M. Martin 1866-67 
 
 Christian Eberbach 1868 
 
 Alfred H. Partridge 1869 
 
 William D. Harriman 1870 
 
 Silas H. Douglass 1871-73 
 
 Hiram F. Beakes 1873-74 
 
 Edward D. Kinne 1875-76 
 
 Densmore Cramer 1877 
 
 Willard B. Smith 1877-79 
 
 John Kapp 1880 
 
 RECOKDEES. 
 
 Henry W. Welles 1851-52 
 
 Charles N. Fox 1853 
 
 William Levitt 1854 
 
 Nelson B. Nye 1855-57 
 
 Robert J. Barry 1858 
 
 Norval E. Welch 1859 
 
 Daniel D. Twitohell 1860 
 
 Stephen N. Webster 1861 
 
 Edward P. Pitkin 1862 
 
 Nelson B. Cole 1863 
 
 Charles A. Chapin 1864 
 
 Densmore Cramer 1865 
 
 Claudius B. Grant 1866 
 
 Zina P. King 1867-68 
 
 Edward D. Kinne 1869 
 
 Charles H. Manly 1870 
 
 Stephen M. Webster 1871 
 
 Leonhard Grunner 1872 
 
 Adam D. Seyler 1873 
 
 William A. Lovejoy 1874-75 
 
 Charles J. Kintner 1876 
 
 Adam D. Seyler 1877 
 
 William A. Clark 1878-79 
 
 William W. Douglass 1880 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 
 SUPEEVISOES. 
 
 909 
 
 John C. Miindv 1851 
 
 John A. "Wells 1853 
 
 John Q. Mnndy 1853 
 
 Ed"win Lawrence 1854 
 
 John C. !Mundy ] 855 
 
 Edwin Lawrence 1856 
 
 James McMahon 1857 
 
 Charles Tripp 1858 
 
 Conrad Krapf 1859-66 
 
 James H. Morris 1859 
 
 Richard Beahan 1860-61 
 
 James H. Morris 1862-63 
 
 Richard Beahan 1864 
 
 James McMahon 1865 
 
 Samuel Grisson 1866-68 
 
 Philip Winegar 1867 
 
 Sumner Hicks 1867-68 
 
 Richard Beahan 1868 
 
 Robert P. Leonard 1869-71 
 
 James McMahon 1869 
 
 >[ai-vin V. K. Jones 1869 
 
 Patrick O'Hearn 1870-71 
 
 Horace Carpenter 1870 *^ 
 
 David T. McCullom 1871 
 
 Conrad Krapf 1873-80 
 
 Alonzo A. Gregory 1873 
 
 J. Austin Scott...". 1873 
 
 Anton Eisele 1873 
 
 George H. Rhodes 1873;, 
 
 Patrick O'Hearn. 1874 
 
 Benjamin Brown 1874-75 
 
 Anton Eisele 1875 
 
 Alonzo A. Gregory 1876-78 
 
 Randall Schuyler 1876-79 
 
 Alonzo A. Gregory 1880 
 
 George H. Rhodes 1880 
 
 llAESHALS. 
 
 Joseph Godfrey 1851-52 
 
 Roger Mathews 1853-57 
 
 Oliver M. Martin 1858 
 
 Stephen ^Vehster 1859 
 
 Jerome B. Garrison 1860 
 
 Oliver M. Martin 1861-63 
 
 Richard C. Dillon 1864 
 
 Oliver :\I. Martin 1865 
 
 Dudley J. Loomis 1866 
 
 :Nathan H. Pierce 1867 
 
 George "\V. Efner 1868 
 
 Nathan Pierce 1869 
 
 Ambrose V. Robison 1870 
 
 TEEASTJEEES AND COLLECTOES. 
 
 Peter Slingerland 1851-52 
 
 Alonzo Healy 1853-55 
 
 David Hemiug 1856 
 
 Peter Slingerland 1857 
 
 Charles Spoor 1858 
 
 Lewis C. Risdon 1859 
 
 Orange "Webster 1860 
 
 Horace A. Moore 1861 
 
 Dorr Kellogg 1862 
 
 Asher A.Terry 1863 
 
 Elias J. Johnson 1864 
 
 Oscar G. SpaflFord 1865 
 
 Charles H. Manly 1 866 
 
 John HaiTis 1867 
 
 George H. Ford 1868 
 
 Morris S. Gregg 1868-69 
 
 John C. Molt 1868 
 
 Frederick Sorg 1869 
 
 Eli D. Manly 1869 
 
 John Schumaker 1870-71 
 
 Erastus N. Gilbert 1870 
 
 Eli S. Manlev 1870 
 
 LukeCoyle." 1871 
 
 Charles S. McOmber 1871 
 
 John Keck 1872 
 
 Nelson R. Hill 1873 
 
 Eli S. Manly 1873 
 
 STEEET COMMISSIONEES. 
 
 Emanuel G. "Wildt 1851 
 
 George H. Ford : 1852-53 
 
 Emanuel G. "Wildt 1854-55 
 
 Gilbert Shattuck 1856 
 
 Frederick "Weidenman 1857 
 
 George H. Ford 1858. 
 
 Joseph Best 1859 
 
 Richard J. C. Dillon 1860 
 
 John Vanduhadden 1861—3 
 
 John Gait 1863 
 
 George ^\ Goodhue 1864 
 
 Frederick Girbach 1865 
 
 John "Weitbrecht 1866 
 
910 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ALDERMEN. 
 
 William C. Vorhees 1851 
 
 William S. Maynard 1851 
 
 Alonzo Healy 1851 
 
 Elijah W. Morgan 1851 
 
 Emanuel Mann 1853 
 
 Alonzo Healy 1853 
 
 Philip Bach 1853 
 
 Edgar M. Gregory 1853-55 
 
 Charles Spoor 1854 
 
 Charles Tripp 1854 
 
 L^wis Fritz 1855 
 
 Lewis R. Buckley 1855 
 
 Henry D. Bennett 1856 
 
 Peter Slingerland 1856 
 
 Lewis Fritz 1857 
 
 Richard Hooper 1857 
 
 Andrew J. Sutherland 1858 
 
 Daniel Hiscock 1858 
 
 William McCreary 1859 
 
 H. Schlack 1859 
 
 Jacob Weil 1859 
 
 Thomas Earle 1859 
 
 Richard d coper 1859-60 
 
 Elihu B.Pond 1859 
 
 William A. Hatch 1859 
 
 Ransom «. Smith 1860 
 
 Jacob Weil 1860 
 
 William H Besimer 1860 
 
 William McCreary 1861 
 
 William S. Maynard 1861-63 
 
 Lewis Fritz 1861 
 
 Nelson B. Nye 1861 
 
 Warren Jackson 1861 
 
 Martin H. Cowles 1861-63 
 
 John T. Swathel , 1861 
 
 R. S. Smith 1863 
 
 John Horner 1863 
 
 Jeremiah Peek 1863 
 
 Michael Deraney 1863 
 
 George H. Rhodes 1863 
 
 Charles B. Thompson 1863 
 
 J. S. Henderson 1863 
 
 Christian Schumaker 1863-64 
 
 George W. Smith 1863 
 
 Lumon R. Slawson 1863 
 
 James B. Gott 1864 
 
 Nehemiah P. Parsons 1864 
 
 Frederick A, Horn 1864 
 
 George H. Rhodes 1864 
 
 C. B Thompson 1865 
 
 Bradley F. Granger 1865 
 
 John Clancy 1865 
 
 L. R, Slawson 1865 
 
 E. Lesner 1865 
 
 A. Weidenman 1866 
 
 Olaey Hawkins 1866 
 
 J, A. Voltz 1866 
 
 James B. Gott 1866 
 
 George H. Rhodes 1866 
 
 J. W. Lawson 1867 
 
 J. F. Henderson 1867-69 
 
 6.F. Lutz 1867 
 
 William H. Besimer 1867-69 
 
 George W. Smith 1867 
 
 Frederick Horn 1867 
 
 Isaac Dunn 1867 
 
 Ransom S. Smith 1867-69 
 
 Edwin Wilder 1867-68 
 
 Frederick Schmidt 1868 
 
 George F. Lutz 1868 
 
 Emanuel F. Hall 1868 
 
 Stephen Webster 1868 
 
 Georee H. Rhodes 1868 
 
 Elias J. Johnson 1869 
 
 Alpheus Roys .1869 
 
 Jeremiah Peek 1867-71 
 
 George W. Smith 1869 
 
 Charles A. Chapin 1869 
 
 Charles B. Besimer 1869 
 
 Charles B. Porter 1867-73 
 
 George D. Hill 1869 
 
 Joshua G. Leland 1870 
 
 Emanuel Mann 1870 
 
 Adam D. Seyler 1870 
 
 Godfrey Fauth 1870 
 
 George H Rhodes 1870 
 
 William D. Holmes 1870 
 
 Frederick Sorg 1871 
 
 John N. Gott 1871 
 
 Oscar Spafford 1871 
 
 Ammirah Hammond 1871 
 
 W.D.Smith 1871 
 
 Joshua G. Leland 1873 
 
 George F. Lutz 1873 
 
 John B. Dow 1873 
 
 Elijah W. Morgan 1872 
 
 Moses Rogers 1872-74 
 
 Moses Seabolt 1873 
 
 Wellington D. Smith 1873 
 
 SillichWood.. 1873 
 
 John G. Grossman 1873 
 
 William H. Mclntyre 1873 
 
 William Deubel 1873 
 
 George H. Rhodes 1873 
 
 Charles B. Porter 1873 
 
 Franklin Cate 1874 
 
 Christian Schmidt 1874 
 
 Warren E. Walker 1874 
 
 Moses Seabolt 1874 
 
 AVellington D. Smith 1874 
 
 JohnFerndon 1875 
 
 Anson D. Besimer 1875 
 
 Charles J. Gardner 1875 
 
 Alexander McDonald 1875 
 
 Roswell R. Bishop 1875 
 
 Zina P. King 1875 
 
 Franklin Gate 1876 
 
 Christian Schmidt 1876 
 
 Nelson J. Kyer 1876 
 
 Moses Rogers 1876 
 
 Frank Ortman 1876-77 
 
 Alonzo M. Doty. . . ; 1876 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 911 
 
 Phineas S. Page 1876 
 
 JamesB. Gott 1877 
 
 Anson D. Besimer ■ 1877 
 
 H. E. H. Bowers 1877 
 
 Alexander McDonald 1877 
 
 Jonathan Sprague 1877 
 
 Peter WoodrufE 1877 
 
 Isaac C. Hawley 1878 
 
 Herman Hutzel 1878 
 
 Aaron B. De Forest 1878 
 
 Warren Tremain 1878 
 
 Charles A. Mathewson 1878 
 
 Henry A. Hill 1878 
 
 John Feroon 1879 
 
 Anson D. Besimer 1879 
 
 Daniel J. Ross 1879 
 
 Thomas J.Keech 1879 
 
 Leverett B. Kellogg 1879 
 
 Azariah F. Martin 1879 
 
 John W. Thompson 1880 
 
 Herman Hutzel 1880 
 
 Herman Kitteridge 1880 
 
 Michael Fleming 1880 
 
 Charles A. Mathewson 1880 
 
 Charles S. McOmber 1880 
 
 SOLDIERS MONUMENT AT ANN AEBOK. 
 
 When the thrilling news flashed over the wires, on that eventful 
 morning of April 12, 1861, that the South had directed its soldier 
 chivalry to fire on that feeble band of United States soldiers sta- 
 tioned at Fort Sumter; when, with beating hearts and flashing 
 eye, the loyal people awaited the command ot their brave and noble 
 President to give the order to crush out and utterly exterminate 
 this rebellious uprising, none were more patriotic and ready to up- 
 hold the standard of a free Republic than the brave citizens of the 
 Fifth ward; and when Abraham Lincoln issued that memorable 
 call for 75,000 men for a three-months service, out of the 140 voters 
 in the Fifth ward, 75 nobly responded and shouldered the inusket, 
 leaving wife, mother, home, and all, with a hast}' kiss, and a hearty 
 "God bless you," and on to the Southern battle-fields, where many, 
 very many, laid down their precious lives in grim defense of their 
 country's honor. Some were buried on the field where the fatal 
 minie-ball had pierced and made ghastly the quivering flesh; 
 others were left to lie where they fell; others were tenderly placed 
 in rude pine boxes, and forwarded to their friends in the loyal 
 North. Of this latter number, some 25 peacefully and calmly await 
 the resurrection day in the Fifth Ward cemeter3^ 
 
 In 1870, the mothers, wives, sisters, and numerous friends of 
 these loyal dead, thought it would be but a feeble tribute on their 
 part to contribute something to keep forever in remembrance the 
 manly and heroic deeds that had been performed through that long 
 and memorable conflict. A Ladies' Decorative Society was there- 
 fore formed, and on May 30 of each succeeding year, the society 
 scattered beautiful flowers and fresh garlands over the graves of 
 their deceased friends. Month after month rolled by, and by dif- 
 tierent methods a considerable sum of money was collected by those 
 noble women, until enough was secui'ed to erect a suitable monu- 
 ment to the fallen heroes. The monument was purchased, and on 
 May 30, 1874, was unveiled to the view of the large assemblage in 
 attendance. Appropriate ceremonies were held, and all dispersed 
 to their homes, feeling that the Ladies' Decorative Society deserved 
 the thanks of the whole people for their generous and benevolent 
 labors in the cause of Freedom. The monument is of Amherst 
 
912 HIBTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 sandstone, composed of eight divisions, and weighs something 
 more than six tons, is 21 feet in lieight, symmetrically proportioned, 
 beautifully sculptured, and surmounted by the fitting emblem ot 
 the country — an American Eagle. The north side bears the in- 
 scriptions: — "Erected by subscription through the eftbrts of the 
 Ladies' Decorative Society," and "Whole number of enlistments 
 from this ward during the war, 75." On the west side are taste- 
 fully carved a shield, two battle flags draping the national escutch- 
 eon, field cannon with balls, an olive wreath, and the following 
 inscription: 
 
 '' Brave soldier, rest ; your strife is o'er, 
 And you have gained a sweet release ; 
 The bugle's blast, the cannon's roar, 
 No more shall break your spirit's peace." 
 
 On the east side are inscribed the words,"In memory of the Fifth- 
 ward soldiers, who fought for the Union." The base of the monu- 
 ment bears the names of the dead; a few among the many thousand 
 of like glorious names that deserve to be immortal. ■ 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 We are glad to be able to present histories of the various 
 Churches in the city so full and complete. It is evident that the 
 founders and early residents of Ann Arbor left no effort untried to 
 affect favorably the morals of this community. From their little 
 means, needed so much to supply daily wants and make improve- 
 ments, they freely gave toward building and supporting Churches. 
 They were inspired with zeal in the cause of the master, were 
 aided by the most active and self-denying ministry, and could see a 
 promise of better days when the town should become more fully 
 peopled with families of wealth and culture. All denominations 
 were equally active, and at this time we see the good results of the 
 hard labors of the early Christians. 
 
 The first sermon preached in Ann Arbor by a regularly ordained 
 minister of the gospel, was in the summer of 1825, by Eev. Moses 
 Clark, a Baptist minister, who had a short time previous located in 
 the neighborhood. The Methodist brethren came next, followed by 
 the Presbyterians, the latter of whom succeeded in first organizing 
 a Church. 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 This Church was organized Aug. 26, 1826. Eev. Noah M. 
 Wells, then a minister residing at Detroit, ofiiciated. Eighteen 
 persons united in the organization, whose names are as follows: 
 Israel Branch, Mercy Branch, Simeon Mills, Clarissa Mills, Bethuel 
 Farrand, Deborah Farrand, Kichard Lord, Iloswell Parsons, Agnes 
 Parsons, Harriet Parsons, James Allen, Elizabeth Allen Mrs. 
 
ANN ABBOR TOWNSHIP. 915 
 
 Monroe, Temperance Koberts, Ann Isabella Allen, Phebe Whit- 
 more and Mrs. Fanny Camp. All united by letter, except Mrs. 
 Camp, who joined on profession, and was the first person baptized 
 in Ann Arbor. More than 50 years have since passed, and as a 
 result of those years of labor the congregation has grown to be 
 large and prosperous, and has a Sunday-school and Bible class, a 
 mission Sunday-school, a large and active Young People's Asso- 
 ciation, and an excellent church edifice that will comfortably seat 
 over 1,000 people, erected in 1862 at a cost of $35,000. It is but 
 proper special mention should be made of Israel Branch, who held 
 the oflBces of elder and deacon and also served as sexton of the 
 church. Elder Branch was a true representative of the pioneer 
 Christian, and faithfully discharged every duty devolving upon 
 him. He loved doctrinal preaching and was emphatically the the- 
 ologian of the Church on its first organization, especially on the 
 doctrine of election. Bethuel Farrand was another worthy of no- 
 tice. He was an enterprising business man, was possessed of a no- 
 ble character, and was an earnest laborer in the cause of Christ. 
 He served as an elder for a period of 21 years, until removed by 
 death. In addition to those named the following have served as. 
 elders since the organization of the Church: Ezra Carpenter,*'^ 
 Gideon Wilcoxson, Charles Mosely, Lorrin Mills, Joshua M. Lind- 
 sey, L. W. Guiteau, Keuben Hall, Thomas Mosely, John Taylor, 
 Thomas M. Ladd, Roswell Parsons, B. King, John Stetson, Robert 
 Purdy, Solomon Mann, William C. Voorhees, H. P. Van Cleve, 
 "William R. Martin, John M. Chase, D. Leonard Wood, Daniel E. 
 Wines, Zebedee Waldron, A. H. Hunt, DeVolson Wood, George 
 M. Henion, William E. Anderson, John Moore, R. W. Ellis, W.H. 
 Jackson, Warren Hamilton. 
 
 The following have served as deacons: Israel Branch, Thomas 
 Mosely, Roswell Parsons, J. D. Williams, George M. Henion, 
 David B. Webster, Charles G. Clark, George L. Hull, Warren 
 Hamilton and Henry T. Purfield. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church was organized in a log school-house 
 that stood on the northwest corner of Main and Ann streets, where 
 services were held for a time, and then changed to the ball room of 
 a tavern on the corner of Main and Huron streets. Another change 
 was soon made to an unfinished room of an old frame building 
 known as Cook's Hotel. From here the congregation moved to a 
 frame school-house on the corner of Washington and Fifth streets. 
 Here they worshiped until a frame church was erected in 1829 on 
 the site of the present cliurch edifice. It was originally 25x35 fe et, 
 with an uncovered belfry at the front, containing a small bell. No 
 paint was used on the inside or outside of the building, but it had 
 one coat of rough plastering. An addition to the building of about 
 20 feet was afterward added to supply the demand for more seat- 
 ings. This was the first Protestant church building erected west oi 
 Detroit in the Territory of Michigan. The first Synod of Michigan 
 was organized in this church about the year 1834. The old frame 
 
 64 
 
916 HIbTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 building was abandoned when a new church edifice was erected, in 
 1837, farther west on Huron street. This buildiug was also a 
 frame and was used until the present building was ready for use. 
 The bell of the first church was transferred to the belfry of the 
 court-house, where for many years its musical clatter rang out, call- 
 ing the people to gatherings of various kinds. 
 
 Previous to 1832, the Church had no regular pastor, but Rev. 
 William Page and Rev. Ira Pettibone preached as stated supplies. 
 Mr. Page came in 1826 and remained about four years, and was 
 followed by Mr. Pettibone, who remained one. Rev. John Beach 
 was the first settled pastor of the Church and presided at its ses- 
 sion for the first time, Oct. 6, 1831. Mr. Beach remained until 1838, 
 during which time there were several interesting revivals. After 
 his retirement the Cliurch was without a pastor for several years, 
 but was supplied by Revs. E. T. Richards, E. E. Gregory, J. P. 
 Cleveland and Ira M. Wead. The second regular pastor was Rev. 
 William S. Curtis, D. D., who was installed Oct. 26, 1843, and 
 continued to serve until April 27, 1855. He was one of the ablest 
 ministers in the State, and excelled as a logician. During the pas- 
 torate of Mr. Curtis the Congregational Church was formed, 
 some 46 members of this Church withdrawing to enter that organi- 
 zation. After the resignation of Mr. Curtis the Church was again 
 without a pastor until Oct. 29, 1857, when Rev. Lucius D. Gliapin 
 was installed. He remained until 1863, when he resigned and the 
 Church was supplied for three years by Revs. W. W. Wetmore 
 and David Torrey. On the 7th oi' ]S"ovember, 1867, Rev. William 
 J. Erdman was installed as pastor. He remained until March, 1870. 
 For some 14 months tiie Church remained without a pastor and was 
 supplied b}' Revs. Arthur Smith, W. W. Wetmore and Dr. B. F. 
 Cocker of the Methodist Episcopal Church. On the 18th day of 
 October, 1871, Rev. Samuel W. Duffield was installed pastor, and 
 served three years. After Mr. Dufiield resigned the Church was 
 supplied by Dr. Cocker until March, 1875, when Rev. F. T. Brown 
 arrived. He was called to the pastorate by a vote of the congrega- 
 tion Oct. 21, 1875. Mr. Brown served five years, and was succeeded 
 October, 1880, by Rev. Richard H. Steele, D.D. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 
 
 Some time in the month of November, 1825, Rev. John 
 A. Baughman visited Ann Arbor and preached a sermon in 
 the house of John Allen, it being the first discourse by a minister 
 of the Methodist Espiscopal Church. After the visit of Mr. Baugh- 
 man, reading meetings were established in the village as a substitute 
 for preaching until 1826, when Rev. William Simmons visited the 
 place and preached for the people. JSTo class was formed until 
 1827, when Rev. Z. H. Coston directed Mr. Baughman to again 
 visit Ann Arbor, and if practicable, organize a society and supply 
 them with preaching. On the 29th day of July, 1827, a society, 
 consisting of Eber White, Harvey Kinney, Hannah B. Brown, 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 917 
 
 Eebecca G. Brown and Calvin Smith was organized. Ann Arbor 
 was made an appointment in the Monroe circuit for the first half 
 of the next year, beginning in September, 1827, and George W. 
 "Walker was the preacher, but for the last half of the year it was 
 included in the Detroit circuit, John James being tlie preacher. 
 In 1828 a new circuit was organized called Huron, which included 
 Ann Arbor, and it so continued for one year. I^ot one of the 
 original members of this society now remain here. He resided on 
 a farm a little west of the city and occupied the same until his 
 death, which occurred but recently. Harvey Kinney was a young 
 man in the family of Mr. Brown and did not long remain here. 
 Hannah B. Brown, a young lady of deep and earnest piety, of a 
 strong and well-cult' vated mind, in a little over a year united her 
 fortunes and labors with E.ev. John Jones, and soon after her mar- 
 riage removed to Ohio. Rebecca G. Brown was a young lady of 
 much more than ordinary intellectual ability. She was engaged in 
 marriage with Eev. L. D. Whitney, but before the nuptials were 
 celebrated, she was stricken down by the hand of death. She died 
 May 8, 1834. 
 
 Theiirst Methodist prayer meeting was held soon after the organ- 
 ization of the Church in 1827. The first conversion was in 
 February, 1828 — Miss Sarah J. Brown, a sister of the two ladies 
 already mentioned. 
 
 The circuit was so arranged, in 1827, as to supply preaching here 
 once in two weeks on the Sabbath, and continued so until 1833, 
 wlien it was made into a half station. A part of the time it was 
 supplied with one and a part of the time with two preachers, 
 and it was so arranged that one of them should be in the 
 village every Sabbath. This arrangement continued for two years, 
 when it was made a full station . At the conference in 1830 the 
 name was changed and Ann Arbor appears on the list of appoint- 
 ments for the first time. In 1835 it was made the head of a district 
 and Rev. Henry Colclazer was appointed in charge of it. 
 
 Various seasons of revival have been enjoyed from time to time, 
 from which much good has resulted. But, perhaps, at no 
 time has there been so extensive a work, in proportion to the popu- 
 lation, and productive of so much good, as the one which occurred 
 in 1837-'8, beginning in December, 1837, and running on through 
 the year. One hundred and eighteen in all united with the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church. Among the number were Judson D. Col- 
 lins, who afterward became the first missionary of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church to China, Isaac F. Collins, afterward a member 
 of the Kansas Conference, now deceased, and Walter D. Collins, 
 who became a successful missionary among the Indians and in 
 Texas. These three brothers united with the Church in Ann Arbor 
 in the month of March, 1838, and have since died in the faith. 
 
 The building of a church was found to be a desideratum for 
 several years, but was not undertaken until the spring of 1837, 
 under the labors of Rev. Peter Sharp. The basement was ready for 
 
918 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 use in November, 1837, and its occupancy was followed by the re- 
 vival before mentioned. The body of the church was not finished 
 until the summer of 1839, under the labors of Rev. Elijah Crane. 
 This year the Michigan Conference held its session here for the 
 first time. The dedication services were held on the first day of 
 the session. The sermon was preached by Kev. Jonathan A. Chap- 
 lin. Bishop Soule preached a most eloquent and powerful sermon 
 on Sabbath morning. "William L. Harris, now Bishop, was admitted 
 into full connection and ordained deacon at this conference, and 
 so was Loronzo Davis, the second Michigan convert who had en- 
 tered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 Ann Arbor was made a station in 1835, and Thomas "Wiley was 
 appointed to it. His health was not very firm at the time, but soon 
 began to decline, and he died on the 4th of April, 1836. The'num- 
 ber of members returned this year was 136. 
 
 The following named men served as pastors from the organiza- 
 tion of the society up to the present time: 1830 — Eev. Leonard 
 B. Gurly;* 1831— Henry Colclazer, E. H. Pilcher; 1832— E. H. 
 Pilcher, E. S. Gavitt; 1833— Wm. M. Sullivan,* L. D. "Whitney;* 
 1834r— H. Colclazer, A. B. Elliott; 1835— H. Colclazer, H. Gear- 
 ing, Thomas "Wiley (in fall), died in the village in spring of 
 1836; 1836— Peter Sharp; 1837— E. H. Pilcher; 1838— Elijah 
 Crane;* 1839 — Elijah Crane (Mr. Crane's health, failing during 
 the year, Eev. Mr. Stoddard* was appointed by the Presiding 
 Elder to fill out the year); 1840 — Jonathan Hudson*; 1841 — John 
 A. Baughman*; 1842— Andrew M. Fitch; 1843— Elliott M. Crip- 
 pen; 1844-'45— Samuel D. Simonds; 1846— Edward McClure; 
 1847-'48— Eesin Sapp;* 1849-'50— Geo. Smith;* 1851— Jonathan 
 Blanchard ;* 1852 — Jonathan Blanchard and D. D. "Whedon; 
 1853-'54— Thomas C. Gardner; 1855-'56— S. Reed; 1857-'58— 
 Elisha H. Pilcher; 1859— "William H. Perrine; 1860-'61— F. A. 
 Blades; 1862-'64— B. F. Cocker; 1865-'67— H. S. "White; 1868— B. 
 F. Cocker; 1869-71— L. R. Fisk; 1872-'74— "Wm. H. Shier; 1875 
 —Isaac N. Elwood; 1876-'78— R. B. Pope; 1879-'80— John Ala- 
 baster. 
 
 The church is situated on the corner of State and "Washington 
 streets. The whole length of the building is 128 feet and eight 
 inches; the extreme width 81 feet; the height of the main tower, 
 181 feet; the height of the small front tower, 100 feet; and of the 
 rear tower 90 feet. The audience room is 62x90 feet, with a height 
 of walls 26 feet, and to the apex or arch of the ceiling 41 feet. The 
 lecture room is 38x70 feet. There is also a suit of rooms for gen- 
 eral class-meeting, and a kitchen suitably furnished for festival oc- 
 casions and the socials of the society. The floor of the main 
 audience room is nicely carpeted. The entire cost of the building 
 was about $65,000. 
 
 * Since died. 
 
ANN AEBOB TOWNSHIP. 919 
 
 FIEST BAPTIST CHURCH OP ANN AKBOE. 
 
 The earliest recorded movement toward an organization in this 
 county is found in the records of the Baptist Church in Farm- 
 ington, by whose appointment a covenant meeting was held in 
 Ann Arbor in February, 1827; the meeting was probably held 
 at the log house of Kev. Moses Clark, the first settler on what is 
 now the Botsford farm, on the north Bank of the Huron river, 
 three and a half miles below the city of Ann Arbor. At this meet- 
 ing Phebe Hiscock was received to membership in the Farming- 
 ton Church, Elder Clark being the pastor there, though living here. 
 It was then also voted by the Farmington Church to hold covenant 
 meetings in Ann Arbor regularly from that time, and it is not 
 known that this peculiar meeting of the Baptists has ever failed of 
 observance here since that date. 
 
 In May, 1828, the Farmington Church dismissed, at their re- 
 quest, and for the purpose of forming a Church in Ann Arbor, Rev. 
 Moses Clark and family, with some others who lived in this vicin- 
 ity. June 10 ensuing the same Church appointed a delegation to 
 sit in council for the recognition of the organization in Ann Arbor 
 as a distinct Church. The council, embracing delegates from others 
 of the five Churches then existing in the Territory (Pontiac, Stony 
 Creek, Troy, Farmington and Detroit), performed the recognition, 
 on a date unknown to the writer, in June, 1828. The names of the 
 constituent members, so far as the Farmington record shows them, 
 were: Eev. Moses Clark,pastor, Lucy and Sally Clark, Phebe Hiscock 
 Benjamin Slocum, Elizabeth and JMancy Brown, Charles Stewart. 
 
 The building in which the Church was constituted was, we sup- 
 pose. Elder Clark's house, or, as some think, his frame barn, the 
 remains of which still stand on the farm. For some reason it was 
 called the Tpsilanti Church for the first three or four years, after 
 which its regular meetings came to be held in Ann Arbor village, 
 and the present name was assumed. 
 
 It is a serious loss that no Church records of the body for the 
 first 10 years of its history can be found. From its annual reports 
 to the Michigan Association and from the recollections of mem- 
 bers the principal facts are derived. 
 
 In 1831 or '32 the meetings came to be regularly held in the 
 school-house on the jail lot, now the property bounded by Fourth, 
 Fifth, and Liberty streets. The next place of meeting was in 
 Brown's block, in Lower Town. And in 1835 the first house of 
 worship was built, which, with enlargements, is now the mission 
 property, in Lower Town, of the M. E. Church. 
 
 In June, 1849, the brick house of worship on Catherine street 
 was dedicated. A building 64 feet by 44 in size, well finished and 
 furnished. The interior arrangement was remodeled in 1856, and 
 the rear addition was put on in 1868. 
 
 The present stone edifice on Huron street was commenced in 
 September, 1879, and its regular occupancy dates from the autumn 
 
920 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of 1881. It is in dimensions 100 feet extreme length, and 81 in 
 width at the transept. Its seating capacity is about 750, and its 
 cost as furnished, $25,000. 
 
 The times of greatest increase in the membership of the Church 
 appear to have been in 1838, 1844-'45, 1849-'51, 1865, 1869 and 
 1871. Of periods of interest before there is no record. 
 
 Of the ofticors of the Church, Daniel B. Brown is the senior. On 
 the day of his baptism in August, 1832, when the Church assumed 
 Ann Arbor as its location and name, he was chosen deacon, and 
 has held the office continuously until the present time. Deacon 
 Samuel Grossman has also served from near the first of his resi- 
 dence here, which commenced in 1855. With them are now asso- 
 ciated Deacons A. W. Britton and J. B. Cady. 
 
 The Sunday-school superintendent is J. Montgomery, and its 
 membership 200. The ministers who have served the Church are: 
 'Rev. Moses Clark must have been the second ordained Baptist 
 minister who located in Michigan, taking up his farm on the 
 Huron in April, 1825. It is thought by those who were then here, 
 that he conducted the first religious meeting held in Ann Arbor. 
 He is well reported of, but of the facts of his life we arc mostly ig- 
 norant. He is reported as pastor from 1828 to 1831, and as a min- 
 ister of the Church for a longer time. 
 
 Rev. Thomas W. Merrill, in November, 1829, settled in this 
 village, starting the first select and classical school which was held 
 here, and continuing it, with his brother, Moses Merrill, until the 
 next summer, when, failing to obtain the charter sought, they re- 
 moved to Kalamazoo county, where Thomas W. led in establishing 
 what became Kalamazoo College. 
 
 Eev. J. S. Twiss, from Sennett, N. Y., settled in Ann Arbor in 
 the autumn of 1830, and was the pastor of the Church through the 
 six years ending in the spring of 1837. He was a preacher of much 
 strength and vivacity, and joining with these gifts the highest 
 moral integrity, eminent practical religion, and intelligent zeal in 
 all good causes, he filled an important place in the growth of the 
 new community, and of his denomination in the State. Some per- 
 sonal eccentricities increased rather than impaired his useful in- 
 fluences, and made him to be held in ever fresh remembrance. He 
 died in 1857 at Union City, where his widow still resides. 
 
 Rev. Harvy Miller, an ardent and gifted young student from 
 Hamilton, N. Y., was the next pastor. Commencing in 1837, he 
 labored a year and a half, deeply interesting the people, but was 
 then called to take the place vacated by his father, a pastor in Mer- 
 iden, Canada, where he spent a life of leading usefulness. 
 
 Rev. W. L. Brown followed in a pastorate of some 15 months. 
 
 Rev. A. A. Guernsey succeeded in filling the office from August, 
 1839, to March, 1841. 
 
 Rev. O. C. Comstock became pastor in November, 1841, continu- 
 ing to serve until April, 1844, and returning again, tilled the office 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 921 
 
 from May, 1852, to May, 1855, with some intermissions. Well 
 known for his ministerial and civil positions in the State, genial 
 and dignified, of commanding presence and fine speaking and exec- 
 utive gifts, his ministry and life in the city were a prized blessing 
 to all classes of the people. 
 
 Rev. Marvin Allen, one of the most useful ministers in the State 
 for many years, was pastor here from April, 1844, to Oct., 1845. 
 
 Rev. A. Ten Brook, professor in the tJniversity, acted as pastor 
 during the remainder of 1845, and part of 1846, and other, times. 
 
 Rev. C. De Land was also employed in 1846, and Rev. Edwin S. 
 Dunham, from October, 1847, to April, 1848. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Graves was called from being an instructor in 
 Greek, in Madison University, in the autumn of 1848, and received 
 ordination early in January following. His ministry continued 
 until October, 1851, when he was called to a professorship in Kal- 
 amazoo. The period of his ministry was fruitful in many additions 
 to the Church, and much general prosperity. Dr. Graves is the 
 present pastor in Grand Rapids. 
 
 Rev. G. W. Gunison, was also ordained here in December, 1851, 
 but remained as pastor only a few months. 
 
 Rev. John M. Gregory was the pastor, with slight intermissions 
 from December, 1855, to November, 1858. Part of the time he 
 was State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and his position 
 and abilities enabled him to do much for the Church, while their 
 depleted resources could make but poor financial returns. 
 
 Rev. A. L. Freeman was pastor during the year 1859, when he 
 returned to the State of INew York, where his work has been steady 
 and successful. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Cornelius became pastor Jan. 1, 1860, and 
 served five years. Soon after closing, his long and highly blessed 
 ministry and life ended suddenly, at Lapeer. Able in the Script- 
 ures, of aciite and fruitful mind and ready utterance, eminently 
 devoted to all public Christian interests, and of fine social qualities, 
 he was loved and honored here, and throughout the State and 
 country. 
 
 Rev. N. S. Burton was pastor nearly four years, ending Jan. 
 1, 1871. It was a period of steady growth, and his able advocacy 
 of Christian truth and excellent personal infiuence, were of great 
 service to the Church and denomination. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Haskell, the present pastor, commenced his work 
 in March, 1871. The decade of his service has been marked by 
 considerable efficiency of the Church in its work, a steady but slow 
 growth, and a vigorous enterprise in building the new edifice. 
 
 ST. ANDEEW'S (PEOTESTANT EPISCOPAL) CHUECH 
 
 of Ann Arbor was organized in the fall of 1827. The following 
 were present and took part in the organization, assisted by Rev. 
 Mr. Cadlo, of St. Paul's Church, Detroit, who kindly held ser- 
 
932 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 vices occasionally, until Kev. Silas Freeman took charge of the 
 parish: Andrew Cornish, Henry Rumsey, Marcus Lane, Samuel 
 Denton, Elisha Belcher, Edward Clark. The following named 
 clergymen have served since the organization of the Church: Revs. 
 Freeman, Dortnan, Marks, Cumraings, Taylor, Lumsden, Gillespie, 
 and Hall. For a number of years after the organization of the par- 
 ish, services were held in a small building on Washington street, 
 east of Fifth street, and afterward in a brick school-house on the 
 " old jail square;" then the lot on Division street was purchased 
 and a frame edifice was erected a few feet north of where the present 
 stone edifice stands. For a time the basement of tlie church was 
 used to hold services in. Since its organization, the Church has had 
 a slow but steady growth. In the summer of 1880 the old church 
 was taken down, and a parsonage erected on its site. The erection 
 of the new stone church was begun in 1867 and completed in 1869, 
 the consecration taking place N'ov. 10 of that year. The style 
 of architecture is of the early English, and is 101x57 feet in size. 
 The stone of which the walls are constructed are the common field 
 boulders broken to form courses of from 10 to 14 inches, and is 
 well adapted to church building. The pointed front gable has a 
 triplet lancet window above the door, and is surmounted by a stone 
 Greek cross at a height of 68 feet. The interior consists of a nave 
 and side aisles, having 156 pews, accommodating 750 persons, be- 
 sides a gallery above the vestibule. The lighting is by 12 lancet 
 windows arranged in couplets on each side, and by quarter-foil 
 stained-glass openings in the clere story. The chancel is at present 
 formed by the recessed east end of the nave between the two small 
 robing rooms enclosed from the east end of each aisle, provision 
 being made for recessing it hereafter from the main building should 
 it become necessary. The large stained-glass triplet window over 
 the altar, with the figure of St. Andrew, a sheaf of wheat and other 
 emblems, is from the well-known house of Friedricks, of Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. The ceiling is frescoed in paints, and the interior wood work 
 is of walnut and butternut oiled, the chancel furniture being of the 
 same material. 
 
 The plans and specifications were by G. W. Lloyd, of Detroit. 
 The entire cost, about $30,000, except about $1,200, was raised in 
 the parish and has been paid. 
 
 In the fall of 1880, the parish began the construction of a chapel 
 connected with the east end of the church, and of a rectory on the 
 north side of the latter, both of stone. These buildings are to be 
 completed in the spring of 1881 at a cost of about $9,000. When 
 completed there will be no more attractive or commodious group 
 of church buildings in the State, and already the ivy gives to the 
 main edifice its own unequaled loveliness of hue and twining tendril. 
 
 LtJTHEKAN CHUBCH. 
 
 The first Germans came to Ann Arbor in 1830. Two years later 
 they wrote to the Mission House at Basle, Switzerland, requesting 
 
ANN ABBOE TOWNSHIP. 923 
 
 a minister be sent them. Kev. F. Schmid was sent the same year. 
 The society was incorporated as the Evangelical Lutheran Society 
 of Scio, and on its organization proceeded to erect a small frame 
 church on the land presented to them by Mr. Allmendinger, one 
 mile west of the city, which is now used as a cemetery. At first 
 Mr. Schmid preached in the court-house and in the old Presbyte- 
 rian church. In 1844 the present church edifice was erected, and 
 enlarged in 1863. In 1858 they purchased the first musical instru- 
 ment for the church, which was a harmonicon. In 1871 Kev. Mr. 
 Schmid, finding his health too poor to longer continue in the ar- 
 duous position of pastor, which he had filled so faithfully for 38 
 years, resigned, and his place was filled by Eev. Mr. Eeuther, who 
 continued until 1877, when Eev. John Neuman was called to suc- 
 ceed him. Perhaps not a minister in the State remained as long in 
 charge of one pastorate as did Mr. Schmid. It is to his untiring 
 zeal and faithfulness that the Evangelical Lutheran Church owes 
 its large membership and influence. For 38 years did he preach 
 to, baptize, confirmj marry, and perform the rites of burial for a 
 arger congregation than any other in the city. 
 
 THE CATHOLIC CHCECH. 
 
 St. Thomas' Church (Oatholio) was built by Eev. Thomas Cul- 
 len, in the year 1843. Father Cullen came to Ann Arbor in 1840, 
 perhaps in the latter part of 1839. Before the church was built 
 services were held in different private houses, and for some time in 
 an old dilapidated building on Washington street, which stood on 
 the spot now occupied by Mr. Fred. Sorg's paint-shop. 
 
 The congregation in 1840 was as yet very small, but during the 
 years following it grew rapidly. In 1860 the church was much too 
 small to contain the steadily growing congregation, and a large ad- 
 dition was built, which brought the church to the size in which it 
 is now seen. 
 
 Father Cullen was the first resident priest of this city, but before 
 his time, as far back as 1830, the few scattered families in Ann 
 Arbor and vicinity were attended by Eev. Father Kelly up to 1835; 
 from this time to the arrival of Father Cullen in 1840 they were 
 administered to by Eev. Father Morrissy; both these aforenamed 
 priests resided in Northfield. For more than 10 years, Father 
 Cullen attended to the spiritual wants of all the Catholics living in 
 the various towns from Ypsilanti to Kalamazoo. In the latter 
 part of 1848, Eev. James Hennessy came to Ann Arbor to reside 
 with Father Cullen and to share with him the pastoral labors of 
 this wide field. 
 
 They built churches in many of the towns visited by them, as in 
 Dexter, Northfield, Jackson, Marshall, etc. In 1852, Father Hen- 
 nessy took up his residence in Marshall, Callioun .county, thus 
 dividing their vast field of labor into an eastern and western 
 half. 
 
924 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Father Cullen remained pastor of St. Thomas' at Ann Arbor up 
 to the time of his death, which took place on the 7th of September, 
 1862. His missionary life had been one of great usefulness, but 
 also one of great hardships. He lies buried under the sanctuary 
 of the church he had built in this city. 
 
 Many of the parishes in the neighboring towns had by this 
 time grown large enough to have resident priests, among these 
 St. John's parish of Ypsilanti ; hence, after the demise of Father 
 Cullen, the Priest of Ypsilanti, Rev. Edward Vanpamel attended 
 to the spiritual wants of the Ann Arbor congregation until a new 
 pastor was sent, which happened in the beginning of May of the 
 ensuing year, 1863. Rev, J. Stephen was the new pastor, who 
 served the parish up to 1866. He bought a pastoral residence and 
 made many improvements in the church. 
 
 Rev. H. Delbaer was the next pastor who labored very zealously 
 in the parish for six years. He built an addition to the pastoral 
 residence and founded a Catholic school, which has existed ever 
 since and has done much good work. 
 
 Rev. J. Murphy succeeded Father Delbaer; he however re- 
 mained but four months. 
 
 On the fifth of June, 1872, Rev. Francis Joseph Yan Erp took 
 charge of the congregation, a man of much experience, great 
 learning and high administrative qualities. Under his wise manage- 
 ment the parish prospered greatly, both temporally and spiritually. 
 Under him the church was frescoed and new church furniture 
 was procured. He died on the first of August, 1879, in conse- 
 quence of injuries received by a fall from his carriage, on his way 
 home from the county house, where he had held services for the 
 inmates. The sad accident occurred on the 29th of July, two days 
 previous to his death. On the 8th of August, Rev. W. J. Fierle 
 the present pastor, was appointed to succeed him. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL OHUEGH. 
 
 The First Congregational Church of Ann Arbor was organized 
 March 23, 1847, by a council called for that purpose. Forty-eight 
 persons entered into covenant with each other at that time, nine of 
 whom are still members of the Church. 
 
 The erection of a house of worship was begun almost immediately, 
 the Church worshiping meantime in the court-house. In about 
 two years the society had completed, and begun to occupy, the brick 
 church still standing at the corner Fifth and "Washington streets. 
 They continued to worship in this house for about 25 years, when 
 they sold it to the Second Lutheran Society, and built the fine stone 
 edifice at the corner of State and Williams streets. This building 
 cost about $85,000, and was dedicated in May, 1876. 
 
 The first pastor of the Church was Rev. E. P. Ingersoll, who re- 
 mained for about a year. He was followed by Rev. L. S. Hobert, 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 925 
 
 who continued with the Church four years. Kev. William L. Mather 
 followed him, and remained two years. Eev. Joseph Estabrook, 
 while teaching in Ypsilanti, supplied the pulpit for a year. Eev. 
 G-eoraje Candee preached to the Church for about the same time; 
 Rev. Samuel Cochrane, D. J)., for two years. Rev. E. A. Baldwin 
 was the pastor six years, Rev. "William Smith for one year. Rev. H. 
 L. Hubbell from June, 1869, till October, 1876; and Rev. William 
 H. Ryder since May, 1877. 
 
 The Church has enjoyed a very constant and steady growth and 
 has been blessed with several revivals, the most fruitful of which 
 occurred during the pastorates of Mr. Hobert, Mr. Estabrook and 
 Mr. Hubbell. It numbers at present about 250 members. 
 
 Mr. Loren Mills was elected deacon at the organization of the 
 Church and still remains in this office; with him are associated J. 
 Austin Scott, Joseph D. Baldwin, Phineas L. Page, Austin A. 
 Wood and Charles K. Adams. 
 
 Deacon Loren Mills was the superintendent of the Sunday- 
 school for 19 years after the organization of the Church, when 
 he resigned and Mr. Thomas White was elected; after two years 
 of service he was removed by death, and was succeeded by Profes- 
 sor Martin L. D'Ooge of Michigan University, who still remains 
 in this office. The Sunday-school has an attendance of about 175. 
 
 THE FIEST UNITARIAN CHITKCH OF ANN AEBOR 
 
 was organized January, 1867. Its first pastor was Rev. Charles H. 
 Brigham, by whose eflforts the society was established, and who 
 served as its minister for 11 years. The first trustees of the 
 Church were T. S. Sanford, Randall Schuyler, George D. Hill, 
 Hiram Arnold, Moses .Rogers and Henry K. White, and the first 
 clerk, L. D. Burch. In February the society began occupying the 
 building known as the Methodist church, on the corner of Fifth and 
 Ann streets, and in March purchased the same, repairing, painting 
 and fitting it up for permanent use. 
 
 In May, 1877, Rev. Mr. Brigham was obliged to vacate his pulpit 
 on account of sickness, and in February, 1879, he died in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. He was an exceptionally able preacher, an extensive writer 
 for many leading papers and reviews, and one of the ripest scholars 
 that this country has produced. The pulpit of Jhe church was sup- 
 plied from ]S"ovember, 1877, to June, 1878, by Rev. Joseph H.Allen, 
 of Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 In October, 1878, Rev. J. T. Sunderland, the present pastor, en- 
 tered upon his work. The society at the present time is full of 
 vigorous life. It has recently purchased an excellent lot on State 
 street, central between the University and the High School, and 
 will begin the coming summer the erection of a new house of wor- 
 ship, which will contain, in addition to audience room, Sunday- 
 school rooms and parlor, a spacious and well furnished reading 
 room. A fund has recently been created, partly by a legacy left 
 
926 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 by the late Judge Seaman, of this city, and partly by voluntary sub- 
 scriptions, for the establishment of a Liberal-Keligious Library, 
 which will also be provided with a room in the new church, — the 
 library to be accessible to all persons who desire to read the best 
 liberal-religious thought of the age. 
 
 A Young People's Literary and Social Olub connected with the 
 Church contains over 100 members and holds weekly meetings, 
 which are largely attended. A large students' Eible class, con- 
 ducted usually bj' the pastor, meets every Sunday for the study of 
 the Bible, Christian history and biography, the great religions 
 of the world, living questions of Theology and Ethics, etc. The 
 Sunday-school, under the superintendency of Prof. T. P. Wilson, 
 is full of life and interest. The Church has a membership of about 
 60 families. The present trustees are Prof. Ohas. E. G-reene, Prof. 
 B. F. Nichols, Judge W. D. Harriman, James B. Gott, A. McKey- 
 nolds and Mrs. Prof. Langley; the clerk of the society is Benja- 
 min Brown. The Church, existing not for ecclesiastical ends but 
 for the purpose of promoting truth, righteousness and charity 
 among men, and believing in the simple rational Christianity of 
 Jesus, but not in the prevailing theological systems, limits its fellow- 
 ship hj no creed or dogmatic test, and invites to union and co-opera- 
 tion with it all who desire to labor in practical ways to build up the 
 kingdom of God. 
 
 THE SECOND METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 of Ann Arbor was organized in the lower town in 1850. The first 
 to minister to the spiritual wants of this congregation was Rev. 
 Manasseh Hickey, who was succeeded, in the order named, by 
 Eevs. Eobert Bird, Andrew Bell, Edmund W. Borden, W.Benson 
 Ira W. Donaldson and George Taylor. Mr. Taylor receivd his ap 
 pointment in the fall of 1859, and was the last to serve, the organi. 
 zation disbanding, its members being transferred to other Churches. 
 
 EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ZION CHURCH. 
 
 The first meeting for the organization of this Church was held on 
 July 16, 18Y5, in the old Congregational church, situated on the 
 corner of Fifth and Washington streets, the officiating minister be- 
 ing Kev. H. F. Belser. An organization was then effected with 
 William Merkle, Philip Lohr, and Christian Mack as deacons, while 
 Christian Hoffstetter, Louis Sleicher, Conrad Schneider, Adam D.. 
 Seyler, Frederick Hutzel, and Frederick Schmidt were elected as 
 trustees. The Church increased in membership very rapidly, as 169 
 were enrolled on the records within a few weeks. It was decided 
 at that meeting to buy the church they were then occupying, and 
 accordingly negotiations were entered into with the Congregational 
 Church and officers, and being satisfactory, the grounds and build- 
 ing were purchased at a cost ot $4,300. The Church concluded to 
 renovate the building and immediately did so, at a cost of about 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 92Y 
 
 $2,000. The pastor, Rev. H. F. Belser, is of an enterprising and 
 progressive nature, and under his pastorship the Church has flour- 
 ished, and now stands among the leading Churches of that denomi- 
 nation in the State. They are entirely out of debt and have a 
 comfortalile sum of money laid by to be used when needed. The 
 present Church officers are the same as when organized with three 
 exceptions; Andrew Birk now iills the office of deacon in the place 
 of Philip Lohr, while Jacob Neidhamer and Gregor Negley occupy 
 the position of trustees, in place of Messrs. Sleicher and Schneider. 
 A Sunday-school was organized at the time the Church was, with 
 William Merkle, Superintendent; Frederick Schlade, Treasurer; 
 Gustav Graupner, Secretary. The present officers are Frederick 
 Schmidt, Superintendent; F. Belser, Treasurer; William Belser, 
 Secretary, and with a membership roll of 295. A large library of 
 nearly 475 volumes is owned and used by the Sunday-school. The 
 Sunday-school is also in a fine condition, is free from debt, with 
 a surplus of over $100. 
 
 GEEMAN M. E. CHUECH. 
 
 This body was organized about 1840 or 1845, and had for its first 
 pastor the Rev. Sethelmeyer, and for trustees Daniel AUmendinger 
 and John Ungemach. In 1846 a house of worship was erected on 
 the northwest corner of Division and Liberty streets, where the 
 members have since gathered to hear the word of God. Conrad 
 Tranker is the present pastor, and Joseph Greve and Adam StoU- 
 Steimer the present trustees. A Sunday-school numbers 40 mem- 
 bers, and at the last election the following officers were chosen to 
 their respective positions: Superintendent, Gustav Schlatterbeck; 
 Secretary and Organist, Julius Schlatterbeck; Treasurer, Julia 
 Gull. 
 
 AFEICAN M. E. CHTTEOH. 
 
 This Church was organized in 1871 by Revs. G. C. Booth and W. 
 S. Langford, of Detroit, with 16 members. Rev. J. W. Brooks 
 was the first pastor, and was followed by Revs. J. Bass, F.. Meyers, 
 P. C. Cooper, C. H. Ward, W. H. Gordon, L. Ratliff, H. H. Wil- 
 son and the present pastor, C. W. E. Gilmore. In 1877 a building 
 was purchased and removed to its present location on Fourth, be- 
 tween Pontiac and Summit streets; fitted up, remodeled, with a 
 total outlay of $600. The present officers are: Trustees- — John 
 White, Louis Carson and Henry Smith; Stewards — Simeon Davis, 
 John Brown and John Britton. A Sunday-school, of the same 
 denomination, was organized some time during the war, and has 
 lived and prospered until the present time. It now numbers over 
 40 members, and is governed by the following officers: Superin- 
 tendent, Henry Williams; Secretary and Treasurer, Louis Carson. 
 
 An African Baptist Church was organized many years ago, and 
 
928 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 for a long period was in a very flourishing condition. They have 
 a house of worship in the Fourth ward, but have no regular ser- 
 vice. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 We are indebted to Prof. W. S. Perry, Superintendent of Public 
 Schools, for the following very able historical paper on the schools 
 of Ann Arbor: 
 
 " The iirst settlers of Ann Arbor, Messrs. Allen and Rumsey, 
 arrived in 1824:. The first school was opened in '25, by Miss Mon- 
 roe, in a log house on the present site of Duffy's store. The furni- 
 ture of the room consisted of a few very rude benches and a chair. 
 All the light enjoyed was received through windows composed of 
 single panes of glass 8x9 inches. 
 
 " The following year Miss Harriet G. Parsons, the late Mrs. Leoine 
 Mills, taught in the same place. In 1829 Miss Parsons removed 
 her school to a frame house on the site of the present Zion Luthe- 
 ran church, Washington street. The same year a one-story brick 
 building was erected by subscription for religious meetings and 
 school purposes, on what is known as ' Jail Square,' on the south- 
 west corner. The land was owned by the county, and about a year 
 thereafter, the Board of Supervisors added a story to the building, 
 which was used for some years thereafter as a 'jury-room ' (court- 
 room). 
 
 " Who taught the first school in this building cannot probably be 
 ascertained. 
 
 " Down to this point there had been no public schools in the place; 
 indeed, nearly all the early educational work of Ann Arbor was 
 done by private enterprise. 
 
 The public schools began their career in 1830. In that year the 
 township of Ann Arbor, which then included all of Pittsfield and a 
 part of Northfield, was divided into 11 districts. District No. 1 in- 
 cluded the village of Ann Arbor, and was similar to the present 
 district in size, but different somewhat in shape. The first public 
 school seems to have been taught in 1831, by whom, neither record 
 nor tradition informs us. In 1832 the first school report, by the 
 school commissionei-s, was made. The document is unique as it is 
 brief. It contains simply these three items: 'No. of children be- 
 tween 5 and 15 years of age in the district, 161. Average No. in 
 school, 35. No public moneys received.' 
 
 " For nearly a whole decade the records of the schools are missing, 
 and memory faileth. In 1842 the township was re-districted. No. 1 
 becoming No. 11, with boundaries slightly differing from those of 
 the parent district. 
 
 "A few existing school reports of this period furnish us with the 
 following interesting facts: 
 
 1839. 1840. 1843. 1844. 
 
 No. of children between 5 and 15 141 143 426 608 
 
 No. enrolled in school 110 139 253 365 
 
 Money raised for school purposes |500 $174 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 929 
 
 " About this time Urion schools began to spring up in various 
 parts of the State, and the agitation of the subject struck our little 
 village and soon rose to fever heat. In 1845 a formidable petition, 
 which secured the names of nearly all the solid men of the town 
 north of Huron St., the aristocratic part of the village, was pre- 
 sented to the school inspectors, praying them to divide the districts 
 'before any expense is incurred in preparing to build a mammoth 
 school-house, as we prefer the sj^stem wliich experience has proved 
 to the visionary and costly experiments.' Counter petitions of those 
 living in the south and west portions of the town were made, but 
 nevertheless the division was made, and for eight years the town 
 supported two schools and two sets of officers throughout. The 
 experiment, however, was far from satisfactory. 
 
 " It is now proper to return to the private schools by which the 
 educational field was principally occupied. 
 
 "In 1829 a ' select school ' was opened by T. W. and Moses Mer- 
 rill, in the Goodrich Block, for teaching ' higher English and Latin 
 and Greek.' It was soon removed to a brick house standing where 
 Eberbach's drug store now is, and there it was continued during 
 1830 and '31, by J. W. Merrill, assisted by Miss Charlotte Mosely. 
 Some of our most prominent citizens were pupils in this school. 
 
 '' In the fall of 1832 several leading citizens of the town requested 
 Kev. 0. C. Thompson, now of Detroit, at that time acting as agent 
 of the Sunday-School Union in the Territory of Michigan, to open 
 an academy. He acceded, and during the following winter taught 
 a large and popular school in the Presbyterian church on the site 
 of the present church. It was a school of high grade, well sustained 
 in the departments of classics, science and higher mathematics, and 
 was patronized by students from all parts of the Territory. There 
 are good grounds for believing that at that time there was not 
 another school of eq ually high character west of the lakes. Infant 
 schools were maintained, at this period, in various parts of the vil- 
 lage by Mrs. 0. C. Thompson, Mrs. Merrill and others." 
 
 In 1835 a high school, with courses of study in the classics and 
 English, was kept by Luke H. Parsons on the corner of Huron and 
 Fourth streets, now occupied by Cook's Hotel. 
 
 In the same year there was established the Manual Labor School 
 on what is known as the "Eberbach place ", about two miles east 
 of the court-house, on the south Ypsilanti road. The academic 
 department aimed to furnish all the facilities for a literary school of 
 high grade. It was in charge of Rev. Samuel Hair. The pupils 
 were expected to pay for their board, in whole or in part, by labor 
 on the farm. Three and a half hours of daily labor, or two hours 
 of work daily and 50 cents at the end of each week, paid for 
 three meals per day. The experiment was not successful, and after 
 a fitful existence of three years, the school was closed. 
 
 About the same time the female seminary, conducted by the 
 Misses Page, was started in the back part of the present Leonard 
 House, continuing there and in other parts of the village two or 
 
930 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COTTNTT. 
 
 three years. This school was deservedly popular. The Misses F. 
 were scholarly women and skillful teachers. 
 
 It was also in 1835 that the famous " Old Academy " was erected 
 on the corner of Fourth and Williams streets, where now stands 
 the residence of Mrs. Behr. The school was opened by Mr. and 
 Mrs. Griffin, who had previously organized a school on Duffy's 
 corner. The academy at once offered a wide range of studies in 
 English, Latin, Greek and the sciences, with apparatus for chem- 
 istry, philosophy, astronomy and surveying. It speedily estab- 
 lished itself with confidence of the people, and for a number of 
 years was the accepted and only prominent school in the place. Mr. 
 O'Neil, and after him Mr. Mealletta, followed the Griffins in the 
 management of the school. About the year 1845 a ladies' seminary 
 of considerable repute was established and conducted for two or 
 more years by Mrs. Wood, in the eastern part of the village, on 
 Lawrence addition. 
 
 In 1844 an academical school which had some connection 
 with the university as a preparatory department, was insti- 
 tuted by A. S. Welch, now President of Iowa Agricultural Col- 
 lege. It continued three years, doing excellent work, especially 
 in preparing students for the university. 
 
 The schools in Lower Town, Fifth ward, until their consolida- 
 tion with the city schools in 1861, had an interesting history, and 
 deserves some special mention. Like those in Upper Town, the 
 first schools were private. One of the most eminent of the teach- 
 ers there was Dr. Thomas Holmes, who taught in the M. E. Church, 
 then Baptist, in 1838. He also taught a district school in the 
 same place the following year. 
 
 The same year, '39, the first school-house was built of brick on 
 Traver St., and the following winter Dr. Holmes dedicated it by 
 teaching an excellent school. 
 
 This building served its purpose, and the people in that locality, 
 until 1857, when the present two-story brick building was erected 
 on Wall St. For several years, the school there was quite large 
 and flourishing. The first teachers in it were Mr. Holden, his sis- 
 ter and Mrs. Mudge, now Mrs. C. K. Adams. 
 
 The most famous and most permanent of the private schools of 
 Ann Arbor was the Misses Clark's seminary for young ladies. It 
 was opened in the old Argus Block in 1839, but soon was removed 
 to the corner of Fourth and Liberty streets, where it remained for 
 three years; it then migrated to the corner of Main and Lib- 
 erty, and continued its good work there for six years; it then 
 sojourned for a short time on the corner of 2d and Huron Sts., 
 thence it found its way to the corner of North and 4th sts., where 
 it was burned out. The school then took quarters in the brick 
 building on Division, where it continued for 10 years, until the 
 death of its worthy principal, Mary Clark, in 1876, making an 
 aggregate period for this school of 37 years. 
 
--1^A^/^r-^ A^^^.^, 
 
 /i^-^-^^ 
 
 r^^jL^ 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 933 
 
 The Misses Clark, both in school proper and in their society 
 relations, have occupied a large place in the educational history of 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 Many prominent women, here and elsewhere, owe their high 
 culture to the facilities enjoyed in this seminary. History, liter- 
 ature, and the lighter sciences were taught with marked success. 
 
 In botany, Mary Clark was authority, and several plants bear- 
 ing her name attest her patience and ability as an original inves- 
 tigator. In history, especially ecclesiastical history. Miss Clark 
 had no peer in the city, probably not in the State. 
 
 We now go back to the public schools which were conducted in 
 two districts. Upon the division of the districts in 1845, the old 
 academy fell into the hands of the south district, No. 12, and for 
 the following decade was the headquarters of school operations of 
 the districts. 
 
 Kear the same time, '45 or '46, the building now known as the 
 St. Thomas school was erected by the north district, No. 11, for a 
 public school-house. 
 
 It is a matter of regret that during these years, up to the re- 
 union of the two districts in 1853, the material for a school history 
 of Ann Arbor are so meager that not even the names of the teachers 
 have been preserved. 
 
 The following statistical items, from the reports of the two dis- 
 tricts for 1846 and '48, will be found of interest: 
 
 1846. 1848. 
 
 No. ofchildrenbetween4ancll8 ] No 12 357 438 
 
 No. enrolled in school ] No 12 180 167 
 
 Amount of money received \^lVZ ^l4°8: ?^ 
 
 ( No 11 324 
 Amount paid teachers -! -kj ' ^q go 
 
 The two districts remained separate for eight years, until 1853. 
 They accomplished but little for the educational growth of the 
 place, and most thoroughly failed to supply its educational neces- 
 sities. It was clearly seen that proper and ample educational facil- 
 ities for the city could be had only by uniting the two districts and 
 grading the schools. But a consolidation was not to be secured 
 without a struggle, and, although many who had favored separa- 
 tion, were now eager for reunion, it required all the tact and influ- 
 ence of such men as Erastus O. Haven, Daniel Godfrey, Edwin Law- 
 rence, Donald Mclntyre, L. S. Hobert, Philip Beach, J. N. Gott, 
 Abram Sager and Chas. Tripp to bring together the districts, and 
 set the school on the road to wider usefulness and prosperity. 
 
 The present epoch of the public schools began its history in 
 1853 by the union, under general laws, of the two districts, Nos. 11 
 and 12 (of the township), which comprised the limits of the city. 
 Ann Arbor at that time had been a chartered city two years. After 
 
 55 
 
934 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 much consideration and no little sharp advocacy of diiferent sites, 
 the present site of the Central Building was purchased the same 
 year for $2,000. The Central Building was erected in 1854-'5 at a 
 cost of $30,000, and was opened for school purposes in 1856, 
 
 A special legislative act for the organization and government of 
 the city schools, was procured in 1869. In 1865 this act was 
 amended, or rather re-made, and in the form it then took, except a 
 slight change made in '79, remains still in force. 
 
 The 5th ward, not then a part of the city, with its present build- 
 ings was annexed to the district in 1861. About this time several 
 other annexations of contiguous territory were made to the district. 
 
 The school attendance rapidly increased ; the necessity soon came 
 for more school-room, and the ward buildings were erected in rapid 
 succession. The 2d ward house was built in 1860; the 1st ward 
 house in 1862; the 3rd ward house in 1866; the 4th ward liouse 
 in 1869. In 1871 the Central Building was enlarged to nearly 
 double its former capacity. 
 
 During this building period the basement of the Central Build- 
 ing and those of some of the city churches were used for school pur- 
 poses. 
 
 The " Old Academy " was sold in 1862. In 1868 the North 
 school building was sold to the society of St. Thomas, for school 
 purposes, and the same year the Catholics seceded from the public 
 schools, withdrawing about 200 pupils and establishing a school of 
 their own. 
 
 While operating under the general law, the district had the fol- 
 lowing Directors: E.Lawrence, elected in 1853 and 1854; Charles 
 Tripp, elected in 1855; E. Lawrence, elected again 1856; E. B. 
 Pond, elected in 1857 and 1858. Under the special act of 1859 the 
 first Board of Trustees was as follows: — E. W. Morgan, J. M. 
 Wheeler, E. Mann, Philip Bach, W. C. Yorbees, E. B. Pond; J. 
 M. Wheeler was elected President; E. B. Pond, Secretary; and 
 Philip Bach, Treasurer. 
 
 The ofheers of the Board down to the present time have been as 
 follows: — Presidents, J. M. Wheeler 1859 to 1871, Abram Sager 
 1872; E. B. Pond 1873 to 1876; W. D. Harrimau 1878 to present. 
 Secretaries, E. B. Pond 1859 to 1864, H. D. Bennett 1865 to 1866, 
 W. W. Whedon 1867 to 1869, James B. Gott 1870 to 1877, J. L. 
 Burleigh 1878 to 1879, W. W. Whedon 1880 to present. Treas- 
 urers, Philip Bach 1857 to 1876, Leonard Greiner 1877 to present. 
 
 Tlie city has been exceedingly fortunate, almost without excep- 
 tion, in the character of its School Board. It has uniformly been 
 composed of the best men of the city, men who have appreciated 
 education and its work, and who have cared for the schools in a wise 
 and generous way. 
 
 The first attempt at grading the schools seems to have been 
 made in 1856 upon the opening of the Central Building, when the 
 primary, grammar and high-school departments were established, 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 935 
 
 or rather marked off. At this point the public schools entered 
 upon a new era of prosperity. 
 
 From that time forth the Ann Arbor high school has been one 
 of the most prominent features of the city. It is one of the largest 
 preparatory and academical schools in the country, and its reputa- 
 tion has become well nigh national. Of its 400 to 500 pupils, 
 about 60 per cent, are non-residents. Its annual tuition receipts 
 go far toward cancelling the cost of its support, while many fami- 
 lies become temporary residents of the city in order to secure the 
 advantages of its superior instruction. Since 1861, the date of its 
 first graduating class, the school has graduated 870 of its pupils, a 
 large proportion of whom entered the University of Michigan. It 
 is doubtful if any other enterprise of the city has contributed more, 
 even to its material prosperity, than has the Ann Arbor high 
 School. 
 
 The high school was organized in 1856 with J. C. Abbot, now 
 President of the Agricultural College, as Principal. He was suc- 
 ceeded, two years afterward, by D. B. Briggs, with C. B. Grant as 
 Associate Principal. After two j'ears Mr. Briggs resigned; Mr. 
 Grant became Principal, and continued two years, giving all the 
 instruction in Latin and Greek. 
 
 The first Superintendent of the Public Schools was N. "W. Law- 
 ton, elected in 1862. He served five years, and was followed in 
 1867 by Elisha Jones, who remained three years. Tiie present 
 incumbent, W. S. Perry, was elected in 1870. 
 
 The principals of the high school since the resignation of Mr. 
 Grant in '62 have been as follows: Martin L. D'Ooge, appointed 
 in '62; Arthur Everett, '64; J. D. H. Cornelius, '65; A. W. Ham- 
 ilton, '67; A. H. Pattengill, '68; S. E. Winchell, '69; I. N. Deni- 
 mon, '73; J. G. PattengTll, '76. 
 
 The development of the high school may be indicated as fol- 
 lows: At the outset of '66, two courses of study, of three years 
 each, the English and the classical, were established, together 
 with special courses of two years in French and German. In '68 
 the Latin and elective -courses were added, and the other two 
 courses considerably strengthened. The elective course proved 
 worthless, and was soon dropped. In '70 a scientific course of two 
 years was adopted; in '71 it was extended to three years. In '74 
 the French and German special courses were discontinued, French 
 and German incorporated in the Latin and scientific courses, and 
 all the regular literary courses extended to four years each. In 
 '72 a commercial course of one year was organized, which, in '77, 
 was extended to two years. 
 
 Drawing was a part of the grammar-school course from the 
 opening of the Central Building, '56. Since '75 it has been taught 
 in all the lower grades above the second. Painting was taught in 
 the high school from '56 to '75. , 
 
 At first, piano music was taught in the Central Building, but a 
 few years sufiiced to show that the school had higher and worthier 
 
936 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 functions than teaching instrumental music, and it was dropped. 
 Vocal music was made a special study in all grades below the high 
 school in '72. 
 
 Aiming to be conservative of all the good of the past, the schools 
 of the city are ever on the alert to keep abreast of every forward 
 movement in the educational reform, and to make practical in the 
 school room the wisest conclusions of educational science. 
 
 The following three series of statistics taken at intervals of 10 
 years, are a fair illustration of the growth of the material interests 
 of the city schools: School census— 1860, 1,472; 1870, 2,268; 1880, 
 2,483; enrollment— 1860, 1,307; 1870, 1,864; 1880,1,877; tuition— 
 1860, $1,202: 1870, $2,025; 1880, $4,814; salaries— 1860, $5,741; 
 1870, $14,823; 1880, $17,651; appropriations— 1860, $9,655; 1870, 
 $16,030; 1880, $18,Y00. 
 
 SCHOOL DISTRICTS OF ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Fractional District No. 3 comprises section 5 and parts of sec- 
 tions 4, 6 and 8. It has a brick school-house valued at $500. An- 
 drew Smith, Director. 
 
 District No. 7 comprises sections 13 and 14 and part of sections 
 15,22, 23 and 24. It has a brick school-house valued at $1,000. 
 Orlando Lathrop is Director. 
 
 District No. 6 comprises section 12 and part of sections 1, 
 2 and 11. It has a frame school-house valued at $600. H. H. 
 Camp is the present Director of the district. 
 
 Fractional District No. 16 comprises section 19 and part of 
 sections 7 and 18. J. F. Staebler is the present Director. Its school- 
 house is of stone and valued at $300. 
 
 District No. 8 comprises sections 25, 35 and 36, and parts of 
 sections 23, 24 and 27. It has a frame school-house valued at$400. 
 Nathan T. White, Director. 
 
 District No. 5 comprises sections 15, 16, 9 and 10, and parts of 
 sections 8, 11 and 17. Its school-house is a frame building and 
 valued at $600. W. H. Taylor, Director. 
 
 Fractional District No. 16 comprises parts of sections 1 and 67. 
 It has a brick school-house valued at $800. C. M. Osgood, Director. 
 
 BANKS — FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 When the Government gave to the people the privilege of or- 
 ganizing national banks, agreeable to an act of Congress, one of 
 the first applications made was from citizens of Ann Arbor, result- 
 ing in the organization of the First National Bank on the first day 
 of July, 1863. The capital stock of the new bank was fixed at $75,- 
 000, which was quickly taken by 55 of the leading citizens of the 
 city and vicinity. At the first mgeting of stock-holders, Yolney 
 Ohapin was elected President, Ebenezer Wells, Vice-President; 
 Charles H. Richmond, Cashier. This bank was the first in the 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 937 
 
 State of Michigan, and was the 22<i in the entire nation. At the ex- 
 piration of the first quarter, Sept. 30, 1863, the following statement 
 was made according to law: 
 
 KESOUECES. 
 
 Cash $30,285.26 
 
 U. S. bonds 42,500.00 
 
 Furnitm-e 985.37 
 
 Expense 943.07 
 
 Bank North America, N. Y 7,294.26 
 
 State Bank of Michigan 8,563.02 
 
 JayCooke 5,000.00 
 
 Bills discounted 32,147.52 
 
 Total $127,718.50 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital stock ' $75,000.00 
 
 Individual deposits 46,804.12 
 
 Exchange 97.07 
 
 Interest 542.01 
 
 Suhscription for U. S. bonds 532.98 
 
 Certificate of deposits 4,743.32 
 
 Total 1137,718.50 
 
 The capital stock remained at $75,000 until July 1, 1865, when 
 it was increased to $100,000, at which figure it remained one year, 
 being then increased to $125,000. On the 1st of July, 1869, it was 
 again increased to $160,000, at which amount it now remains. The 
 hanking business, for about three years, was transacted in Hang- 
 sterfer's block. In 1866 a piece of ground was purchased on South 
 Main street, at a cost of $5,000, on which was erected a three-story 
 building, costing $10,700. Changes in the ofiicers of the bank 
 have been few. In 1865 Mr. Chapin was succeeded as President by 
 Ebenezer Wells, who has been re-elected annually ever since. R. S. 
 Smith succeeded Dr. Wells as Vice-President, in 1865, remaining 
 in that connection until 1869, when Philip Bach was elected, and 
 yet occupies the position. J. W. Knight succeeded Charles H. 
 Eichmond,a8 Cashier, in 1866,, and has been re-elected to the po- 
 sition at each annual election of ofiicers. Mr. Knight has been con- 
 nected with the bank since its organization, and since his first 
 election as Cashier, he has had the general business management of 
 the institution. To his judicious care and oversight, the fine success 
 which has attended from the first day its doors were opened to the 
 present time, is a great measure due. No bank in the country can 
 show abetter record of good management than the First National 
 Bank of Ann Arbor. For 14 years not a penny was lost in the col- 
 lection of the vast amount that has from time to time been loaned 
 by the bank. In 1877 its first loss occurred from the depreciation 
 of certain collaterals taken to secure payment of a loan. Of the 55 
 original stock-holders, 20 have since died, and of the remainder 30 
 
938 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTS. 
 
 yet hold its stock. Since its organization 178 persons have pos- 
 sessed some of its stock. The present number of stockholders is 85 
 The following is the statement made by the Cashier, Oct. 1, 1880, 
 which is given as illustrative of the growth of the bank since its or- 
 ganization: 
 
 BESOUECES. 
 
 Loans and discounts $251,539.45 
 
 Overdrafts 190.68 
 
 U. S. bonds to secure circulation 100,000.00 
 
 U. S. bonds on hand 10,000.00 
 
 Other stoclfs, bonds and mortgages 6,000.00 
 
 Due from approved resei've agents 36,551.45 
 
 Due from State banks and bankers 12,178.62 
 
 Real estate, furniture and fixtures 17,000.00 
 
 Current expenses and taxes paid 1,211.51 
 
 Checks and other cash items 1,822.10 
 
 Bills of other national banks 12,257.00 
 
 Fractional currency (including nickels) 50.99 
 
 Specie 9,029.15 
 
 Legal-tender notes 18,490.00 
 
 Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation) 4,500.00 
 
 Total $470,920.95 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital stock paid in $100,000.00 
 
 Surplus fund 40,000.00 
 
 Other undivided profits 9,999.35 
 
 National-bank notes outstanding 89,800.00 
 
 Dividends unpaid 84.00 
 
 Individual deposits subject to check $218,863.65 
 
 Demand certificates of deposit 11,673.95 
 
 Certified checks 1,000.00 231,537.60 
 
 Total $470,920.95 
 
 ANN AEBOB SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 This institution was organized May, 1869, by the election of R. S. 
 Smith, President; Christian Mack, Vice-President; Schuyler Grant, 
 Cashier. It at once secured the confidence of the public as is 
 shown from the following statement made at the close of business 
 hours, Nov. 30, 1869: 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital I 50,000 00- 
 
 Deposits 110,293 05 
 
 Profit and loss. 3,176 97 
 
 Total $163,469 03 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 939 
 
 EESOUECES. 
 
 Loans and Discounts $ 95,263 94 
 
 United States 5-30 Bonds 1,250 00 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 3,407 73 
 
 Revenue stamps 765 00 
 
 Due from banks and bankers 366,924 39 
 
 Legal tenders and national bank notes 24,768 00 
 
 Fractional currency and nickels 1,534 40 
 
 Cash items 561 57 
 
 Total $168,469 03 
 
 This confidence has never been betrayed, the bank constantly 
 gaining in number of depositors and amount of deposits. The 
 following is the statement for Jan. 3, 1881 : 
 
 EESOTJECKS. 
 
 Loans and discounts $279,670 89 
 
 Bonds and mortgages 105,313 13 
 
 U. S. 4-per-cent. Bonds 11,079 36 
 
 Overdrafts 113 46 
 
 Revenue stamps 76 00 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 3,930 85 
 
 Bills in transit 4,068 75 
 
 Due from national and State banks 47,654 97 
 
 Silver coin and nickels 8,936 04 
 
 Legal tender and bank notes 34,429 00 
 
 Total $490,170 45 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital stock $ 50,000 00 
 
 Surplus fund , 5,000 00 
 
 January dividend 2,146 00 
 
 Undivided profits 8,580 07 
 
 Due depositors 434,494 38 
 
 Total $490,170 45 
 
 The first Directors of the bank were: Christian Mack, T. M. 
 Cooley, W. W. Wines; E. W. Morgan, M. Sogers, C. T. Wilmot, 
 K S. Smith, all of whom are recognized as sound business men. 
 Its present Directors are: Christian Mack, K. A. Beal, Daniel His- 
 cock, "W. W. Wines, W. D. Harriman, William Deubel, W. B. 
 Smith, worthy successors to the first Board. 
 
 Mr. Smith remained President of the bank for about three years 
 and was succeeded by Judge T. M. Cooley, who remained at its head 
 a year and a half, then resigned, and Mr. Smith was again elected, 
 serving until his death, which occurred in 1876. Christian Mack 
 was chosen to fill the vacancy, and yet remains at its head. W. W. 
 Wines was elected Vice-President in place of Mr. Mack. 
 
 Schuyler Grant served as Cashier until 1874, when he resigned. 
 The Board of Directors, on meeting, decided to postpone the elec- 
 tion of Cashier, desiring to hold the position for Charles E. Hiscock, 
 
940 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 who, at the time, had not attained his majority, but who had shown 
 fine business qualities. Mr. Hiscock was therefore elected Teller, 
 and as soon as he reached his legal majority, was elected Cashier, 
 and yet holds the position. Under his careful management, ably 
 assisted by the Board of Directors, the bank shows a record of which 
 all may well be proud. 
 
 On the organization of the bank, it was located on the southeast 
 corner of Main and Huron streets, where it remained 10 years, when 
 it was removed to its present location , northwest corner Main and 
 Huron. 
 
 ARTESIAN WELL. 
 
 In 1871 an artesian well was sunk on Main street, and after- 
 ward abandoned. At a depth of 334 feet a vein of salt water was 
 struck. The Argus, of Feb. 24, 1871, says: "The water filters 
 clear and pure, and its strength is put at 50 per cent. The water 
 rises in the tube to within 25 feet of the surfaae. One gallon of 
 water brought up in the sand pump through 300 feet of fresh water, 
 produced by evaporation one pound of salt." 
 
 ANN ARBOR GAS LIGHT COMPANY . 
 
 Believing the city to have groped in darkness a suificient length 
 of time, a company was formed and duly organized, under the gen- 
 eral laws, on the 17th of March, 1858, for the purpose of manufact- 
 uring and supplying the citizens of the city with coal gas. An 
 unlimited charter was granted by the city to the company to run 
 their mains through the streets and erect such buildings as might 
 be necessary for its business. The capital stock of the company was 
 placed at $23,000, every dollar of which was instantly subscribed and 
 paid up. At the first meeting of the stockholders, Hiram Becker 
 was elected President; Henry W.Wells, Secretary; E. W. Morgan, 
 S. H. Douglas and Charles Tripp, Directors. Steps were immedi- 
 ately taken for the erection of buildings and laying of four miles of 
 street main, the contract for that purpose being awarded to James 
 Clements for the sum of $21,000. During the summer of 1858, 
 Mr. Clements completed his contract, and early in the fall gas was 
 turned into the mains, and the city was lighted with it for the first 
 time. The price of gas was fixed at $4 per 1,000 feet, and remained 
 at that figure until 1861, when it was reduced to $3.50. In 1864, 
 in consequence of the advance of every article of manufacture to 
 war prices, it was raised to $4. It remained at this price until 
 1875, when it was again reduced to $3.50, at which figure it now 
 remains. The first year there were about 100 consumers. At 
 present there are 332 consumers and QQ street lamps. The first 
 year's receipts of the company were $7,058.80; for 1879 was re- 
 ceived $15,132.01. There is no record of the number of feet of 
 gas consumed until 1868, when it amounted to 4,213,300 feet. This 
 
AifN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 94:1 
 
 was gradually increased up to 1873, when it reached 4,855,74:6 feet. 
 The hard times which commenced here the following year caused 
 some to abandon the use of gas and return to a cheaper, though an 
 inferior, article of light. In 1878, good times being restored, the 
 increase in the amount of gas consumed was quite perceptible, 
 while in 1879 it was still greater. There are now nearly seven 
 miles of street main, 66 public lamps, and 332 private consumers. 
 The stock in 1861 was increased to $30,000, and further increased in 
 1866 to $40,000. In 1871 it again became necessary to increase 
 the stock, which was raised to $60,000, at which figure it now re- 
 •mains. The company early adopted the polic}' of using its surplus 
 earnings, beyond a reasonable dividend, in making improvements 
 in the works. There has already been expended in the construc- 
 tion of the works $67,000, some $7,000 more than is shown by the 
 capital, which goes to prove that there is no fictitious stock in the 
 company, and for every dollar represented there is about $1.10 
 worth of property. Dr. S. H. Douglas has been superintendent 
 of the works since the formation of the company, and under his 
 careful management, whatever success has attended is, in a meas- 
 ure, due to him. The present officers of the company are: J. Austin 
 Scott, President; William H. Douglas, Secretary; Silas H. Doug- 
 las and John W. Hunt, Directors; Silas H. Douglas, Superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 MANUFACTOEIES. 
 
 The enterprise of a village or city is often judged by the nutn- 
 ber and general prosperity of its manufactories. W^hile it may be 
 true that a city can be prosperous without manufactories, it having 
 other -attractions, such as good schools, excellent churches, facilities 
 for being a pleasure resort, yet having manufactories that supply 
 not only the wants of its own citizens, but many from abroad, 
 makes it very evident that it is prosperous. While Ann Arbor 
 cannot boast of as many manufacturing institutions as some other 
 points, it possesses at present quite a number, some of which have 
 been in existence many years. The first manufactory of any de- 
 scription established in the place was that of the old tannery of G-. 
 & 0. Prusica, in 1829. How long these gentlemen continued in 
 the business is unknown. The name has long since dropped out 
 of the directories of the city. Other firms have been established 
 in the same business, flourished for a time and then disappeared. 
 At present there are two firms engaged in the business, the oldest 
 of which is that of 
 
 Senry Krause. — In 1850 Mr. Krause built a frame tannery on the 
 corner of Second and Williams streets, and commenced to manu- 
 facture leather for the market. In 1868 his business had grown to 
 such proportions as to make necessary the erection of a larger and 
 more substantial building. He then built a large tannery of brick, 
 with an engine house connected with it, the cost of which was 
 
942 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 $16,000. The tannery proper is 30x]20 feet in size, and two-stories 
 high, while the engine room covers a piece of ground some 18x30 
 feet. A large storage house for bark is near the main building and 
 holds annually some 225 cords of oak bark. The tannery is fitted 
 up with all the modern machinery, is run by steam, and furnishes 
 labor for 12 men. About 50 vats and tanks and 4 leaches are used 
 in the manufacture of the leather, which finds a ready sale through- 
 out the State. The annual sales of Mr. Krause amount to about 
 $45,000. All kinds of leather are manufactured, but principally 
 that used for harness. 
 
 Jacob Heimman. — In 1851 Mr. Heinzman started a tannery on* 
 the corner of Third and JeflTerson streets. He erected a building 
 50x60 feet in size and two-stories high, and containing 30 vats and 
 leaches. In a few years his son was taken into partnership, and 
 the firm name was changed to Jacob Heinzman & Son. The tan- 
 nery turns out a good quality of upper, calf, kip and harness 
 leather, but principally the latter. The assessed value of the build- 
 ings are about $4,000, while the yearly sales amount to $25,000. 
 The firm employ seven hands in the manufacture of the leather, 
 which is sold mostly in the States of Michigan, Indiana and Illi- 
 nois. 
 
 Distillery. — Among the early manufactories was the distillery 
 establishment of Hawley, Nash & Co. The following advertise- 
 ment of the firm appeared in the first issue of the Western Emi- 
 grant: " L. Hawley, Nash & Co. beg leave to inform the public 
 that they have erected a distillery in the vicinity of Ann Arbor, 
 %vhich will be in operation by the 1st of December next, where they 
 will keep constantly on hand a superior quality of rectified whisky, 
 which they will sell as low as can be purchased in the Territory, by 
 the gallon or barrel, for cash. Whisky exchanged for grain on lib- 
 eral terms. From a long experience and strict attention to busi- 
 ness they hope to merit a share of public patronage." This ad- 
 vertisement was dated Nov. 18, 1829. Whisky in those days was 
 a legitimate article of commerce. 
 
 Ann Arhor Agricultural Company. — In 1867 Lewis M. Moore 
 bought a piece of land on the left bank of the Huron river in the 
 lower town of Ann Arbor, and started in the manufacture of ag- 
 ricultural implements, his son, Eli W., being connected with him 
 in the business, under the firm name of Lewis M. Moore & 
 Son. This firm made seed drills till 1869. About the same time 
 the above firm started, John Finnegan and Frank Howard started 
 in the same business at the crossing of Catherine and Detroit 
 streets, in Ann Arbor proper, and ran the business successfully 
 till 1869, when the two firms consolidated, with a capital of 
 $13,000, and continued business in the lower town. The works in- 
 creased their manufactured goods till 1873, when about $40,000 
 worth were sold. This same year the elder Moore died, and the 
 business was operated ,by the remaining members of the firm till 
 1878, when the now existing Ann Arbor Agricultural Works was 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 943 
 
 formed , with a stock company and a paid up capital of $50,000. 
 The officers are J. Austin Scott, President; G. W. Knight, Treas- 
 urer; Earl Knight, Secretary, and Jolin Finnegan, Manager. The 
 company occupied a main building, 40x90 feet, three-stories high, 
 erected in 1876 by the old firm; a polishing shop, 30x70 feet, one- 
 story high; a foundry 50x105 feet, also erected by the old firm in 
 1874; and during 1880, the company erected two buildings, one 
 40x90 feet, and the other 24 feet square, which are used in the 
 manufacture of the implements turned out by this firm. The 
 grounds are large and extensive, covering some three acres. The 
 company utilize the water near them to a great extent, their ma- 
 chinery being run by both steam and water. The " Advance" plow 
 and an improved feed cutter are the only kind of implements man- 
 ufactured, and they find a good market in all parts of the Union. 
 The firm employ some 75 men. The stockholders have been in- 
 creased to 24, and the capital stock to $75,000. 
 
 Western Brewery. — In 1861 Peter Brehm and John Reier 
 built a brewery on West Fourth, between Liberty and West Madi- 
 son streets, in Ann Arbor, and began the brewing business. For 
 about three years this brewery was run, when, in 1864, it took fire 
 and burned to the ground. These men immediately put up a larger 
 and more extensive building on the same site, and started in busi- 
 ness once more. Mr. Peier soon after sold out his interest to Mr. 
 Brehm, and he in turn rented the property to Fred Kirn, who, 
 after running it for some time gave it up, and Mr. Frank Ruck 
 rented the property of the widow of Mr. Brehm (who had died in 
 1874) in 1875, audit was operated by him till Oct. 13, 1880, when he 
 sold out to Christian Martin and Matt. Fischer, two enterprising 
 young Germans of Ann Arbor. Messrs. Martin and Fischer have 
 since operated the brewery, and are building up quite an extensive 
 trade. Some 1,500 bushels of malt, 1,700 lbs. of hops, 225 cords of 
 wood and 800 tons of ice are used in the manufacture and storage 
 of the 3,000 barrels of beer turned out annually. The main build- 
 ing is 60x30, two-stories and a basement, while the extensions cover 
 almost an acre of ground. The beer produced by this brewery 
 finds a ready sale in all parts of the county. 
 
 Northern Brewery. — In 1872 George Krause built this brew- 
 ery in the lower town of Ann Arbor, on Mill street. He sold 
 out to John and Fred Frey, and in 1873 Fred sold out his inter- 
 est to his brother John, who has operated it since. Mr. Frey makes 
 about 2,400 barrels of beer annually, and consumes about 5.000 
 bushels of grain and 4,000 lbs. of hops in the manufacture of this 
 beverage. During 1880 he stored up about 1,000 tons of ice. 
 
 F urniture Manufactory . — The furniture manufactory of Thomas 
 Rauschenberger & Co. is situated on the west side of Jewett, be- 
 tween Huron and Liberty streets, in Ann Arbor, and was built in 
 1870 by John Rauschenberger, who operated the factory for about 
 seven years, when he sold out to the present proprietors. Although 
 a small building, only 30x40 feet, one- and a half stories high, the 
 
944 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 firm does quite an extensive business and employs seven hands. The 
 furnitiire mannfactured was sold at Detroit for some time, bnt of 
 late years the firm has sold all their furniture inside the county. 
 The machinery is run by water-power, furnished by a race about 
 one-fourth of a mile long, this race being fed by about a dozen 
 springs. 
 
 Knitting Factory. — This institution is situated on Broadway 
 street in the lower town of Ann Arbor, and is owned and operated 
 by a German named Jacob Larmie. It was built in 18T6, and has 
 been operated only in the winters of the years following. Mr. 
 Larmie employs three hands and uses up some 300 lbs. of wool annu- 
 ally in the production of knit jackets, scarfs and mittens, which 
 find a ready sale in and around Ann Arbor. 
 
 Soap Factories. — One of these, situated on the corner of Main 
 and Madison streets, in Ann Arbor, was established in 1855 by a 
 German named Andrew Birk, who has since operated it. During 
 the first year, Mr. Birk turned out some 1,500 pounds of German 
 mottled soap, in a little building eight feet square and one-story 
 high, but his business increased so rapidly that he was forced to 
 enlarge his narrow quarters, and now occupies a building 93x30, 
 and two-stories in height. He annually manufactures about 40 tons 
 of this soap, requiring 15,000 bushels of ashes, and 100 cords of 
 wood. Mr. Birk has also in connection an establishment for the 
 manufacture of potash, but does not operate this part only at cer- 
 tain times. He has turned out from 80 to 100 barrels per year, 
 which he ships to a large firm in New York city. For his soap he 
 has kettles and furnaces enough to make about two tons at one time. 
 His potash department is furnished with all the modern appliances, 
 — has four large kettles and an immense pan, also a mammoth heater 
 in connection. Mr. Birk has four wagons continually engaged in 
 traveling over this and adjoining counties to secure all the ashes 
 needed in his largo and increasing business. His establishment is 
 fed with water from an overflowing spring situated about one 
 quarter of a mile in the rear of his building, and carried through an 
 iron pipe to the manufactory. 
 
 Another soap factory was established in 1864, by D. S. Miller, 
 wlio came to Washtenaw county in 1848. It is situated at the 
 junction of Pontiac and State streets, in the lower town of Ann 
 Arbor. Mr. Miller makes three kinds of soaps, — erasive, fulling, 
 and scouring, the former of which he makes a specialty. He em- 
 ploys three hands in the manufactory of this useful article, and 
 receives orders from all parts of Michigan for his celebrated erasive 
 soap, which is certainly superior to the common soaps now being sold 
 throughout the country. 
 
 Cigar Manufactories. — One establishment, at No. 8 Main street, 
 Ann Arbor, was started by Louis Roland, on Dec. 22, 1880, 
 and has been in active operation since. Mr. Roland has been 
 in the county since 1868, and learned his trade with some of the 
 
ANN AKBOR TOWNSHIP. 945 
 
 best artists in that line, in this State; he annually turns out about 
 50,000 cigars, and finds a good market for them in this county. 
 
 On the east side of Main, between Huron and Washing- 
 ton streets, Ann Arbor, is an establishment of this kind, 
 owned and operated by C. F. Kayser, assisted by a number of 
 experienced workmen. Mr. Kayser started in business on the cor- 
 ner of Main and Jefferson streets, but since May, 1880, has been 
 located at this place. Mr. Kayser annually turns out 160,000 
 cigars, and has no difficulty in disposing of them within the limits 
 of Washtenaw county. He has lately enlarged his establishment, 
 and in 1881 will probably manufacture about 175,000. 
 
 In 1868 Joshua Buell started an establishment of this kind in 
 Ann Arbor, and employed five men in manufacturing the 150,000 
 cigars he turned out annually. For the past few years, Mr. Buell 
 has left the business part of the city, and now makes only 75,000 
 per year, at his residence at 69 North Main street. He finds a sale 
 for these all over the State of Michigan. 
 
 Organ World. — In the year 1867 G. F. Gartner & Son estab- 
 lished the Organ Works for the manufacture of pipe and reed 
 organs. He employed several hands, and being from Germany and 
 a first-class workman, he manufactured all his work by hand. He 
 found, after some five years, that this style of work did not suit 
 the people any better than that manufactured by machinery, and 
 also was not as profitable a business as was first supposed. He 
 closed up his business in 1872. In these organ works there was a 
 young man named D. F. Allmendinger, wholiad entered the works 
 when first started, and mastered the business, and when Mr. Gart- 
 ner closed his business he opened the Ann Arbor Organ Works. 
 At first the business was but small and carried on in one part of 
 his dwelling house, but in 1880 he built a frame factorj' 24x40 feet, 
 and two-stories high. He has in his employ three workmen, and 
 turns out 25 to 30 organs per year. His annual sales foot up 
 $2,500. Mr. Allmendinger furnished three churches in Ann Arbor 
 with pipe organs, and they gave general satisfaction. Although 
 only doing a small business at present, yet he turns out pipe and 
 reed organs of a good qualitj'. The manufactory is situated on 
 the northwest corner of First and Washington streets. 
 
 Eeck Ftirniture Company. — In 1879 Mr. John Keck, of Ann 
 Arbor, conceived the idea of forming a stock company to engage in 
 the manufacture of furniture of the latest and most improved style 
 and quality. He immediately went to work and in the same year 
 the stock company was formed, consisting of 15 members, with W. 
 D. Harriman, President; Charles Hiscock, Treasurer; John Keck, 
 General Superintendent; Paul Snauble, Assistant Superintendent, 
 with a capital stock of $25,000. Everything now being in 
 readiness, a plot of ground 126x198 feet on the corner of 3d and 
 
946 HISTOET OF •WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 streets, was purchased, and the buildings necessary for the 
 
 enterprise were immediately erected. They consist of a factory 40x 
 75 feet, and three-stories high. In the basement of this building 
 is located the planing-mill and heavy machinery; in the second 
 story the carving and turning machinery is found; in the third 
 story the furniture is finished and put together. From the factory 
 the furniture is taken to the packing, painting and varnishing room, 
 where it is put into shape for shipment to the different parts of 
 the United States. This last building is 40x20 feet in size and two- 
 stories high, while the storage room, only a few feet distant, is also 
 the same size. The company uses about 250,000 feet of lumber 
 annually, consisting of walnut, ash, butternut, sycamore, cotton- 
 wood, bass and whitewood, no pine Inaiber being used for any 
 purpose. The drying kiln has a capacity of 20,000 feet and is 
 always crowded to the utmost. The machinery is run by steam, 
 the engine used being of 35-liorse power. The factory gives 
 employment to 75 men, and the only kind of furniture turned out 
 is bedstead and bedroom sets. The company has increased from 15 
 to 21 stockholders, and the business has increased so as to make 
 necessary the erection of more buildings, which will be accom- 
 plished this year ( 1881 ). The furniture manufactured is of the 
 latest, best and most improved styles, and find a ready sale in all 
 parts of the Union — as far east as ISTew York, as far south as St. 
 Louis and Cincinnati, and as far west as Iowa. 
 
 Coopers. — In 1865, a firm bearing the name of Dodsley & 
 SpafFord started a cooper shop on Detroit street, for the manufacture 
 of apple, fiour and tight barrels. For 14 years this firm did business 
 in the old house on Detroit street, but in 1879 Mr. Spafibrd sold 
 out his interest to his partner, Mr. H. B. Dodsley, and in the spring 
 of 1880 Mr. Dodsley moved his shop into a building belonging to 
 David Henning, of Chicago, and situated on Pontiac street, near 
 Michigan Central depot. Here Mr. Dodsley has since run his busi- 
 ness and now employs some seven men, and turns out about 20,000 
 barrels per year, which require some 200,000 staves. His flour and 
 apple barrels are mostly marketed in Ann Arbor, while his tight 
 barrels find a good market in Chicago and Detroit. 
 
 MEDICAL SPRINGS. 
 
 The Ann Arbor Medical Springs were purchased by Dr. Calvert 
 and Prof. Chas. Gatcbell, in the year 1878, and refitted up in good 
 shape. The interior of the house was handsonjely frescoed and 
 tinted, and the bathing rooms all newly painted and furnished. A 
 large swimming bath was added — a tank some 20 feet wide, 
 30 feet long and six feet deep, where a person could get warm 
 and invigorating exercise in winter time. A new spring was also 
 opened which flowed a constant stream of water, at the rate of 3,000 
 barrels a day. This was inclosed in a large brick reservoir, and 
 all the water used about the establishment was supplied from this 
 
ANN AKBOE TOWNSHIP. 947 
 
 well. The establishment was under the charge of Prof. H. P. 
 Gratchell, M. D., during the summer of 1878, while his son was in 
 Europe. The house was burned in 1880. 
 
 FIKE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 At a meeting of the village council, held Dec. 3, 1836, an ordi- 
 nance was passed organizing a department for protection against 
 fire. The village was divided into two wards, and a fire warden 
 appointed in eacii ward. There were also to be appointed by the 
 council a chief engineer, au assistant engineer and an assistant 
 fire warden in each ward; a captain and lieutenant for each fire 
 or hook and ladder company. These officers were to be ap- 
 pointed annually. A number of changes have been made in the 
 department since that time; new companies have been organized 
 and the efficiency of the department been increased. At present 
 there are three engines, two hand and one steam engine, the latter 
 being introduced in 1879, principally through the exertions of Dr. 
 W. B. Smith. As a slight testimonial to the doctor, the steamer 
 was named the " W. B. Smith." 
 
 While the department has not been at all times as efficient as de- 
 sired by many, yet it has accomplished great good, and on more 
 than one occasion saved the citj' from a destructive conflagration. 
 
 The department now consists of Defiance Hook and Ladder 
 Company, Protection ISTo. 1, Engine and Hose Company, Vigilant 
 No. 2, Engine Company, Yigilant No. 2, Hose Company, Huron, 
 No. 3, Engine andHose Company. The Vigilant Engine Company 
 have charge of the steamer. 
 
 At the annual election in April, 1880, the following officers were 
 elected: Dr. "Willard B. Smith, Chief Engineer; Daniel B. 
 Fletcher, First Assistant Engineer; Albert A. Sorg, Second Assis- 
 tant Engineer; L. F. Wade, Secretary; Charles H. Worden, Treas- 
 urer. 
 
 The department is composed of 165 members. 
 
 BAND. 
 
 The first band organized in Ann Arbor was in 1827, and was 
 composed of the Mills brothers, seven in number — Elihu, Simeon, 
 Augustus,Timothy,Lorin,Willard and Sylvester — Townsend Branch 
 and Mr. Mallett.- Their instruments were the clarionet, haut- 
 boy, bassoon, flute and drum. The music would sound strange 
 to the ears of the present generation. The first time the band 
 played in public was on the 4tii of July, 1827. As long as the 
 brothers remained together, the organization was maintained. Old 
 settlers remember with pleasure the happy hours spent in listening 
 to the sweet melodies as discoursed by the Mills Brothers' Band. 
 
948 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTTNTT. 
 
 MILITAET. 
 
 Notwithstanding the influence of its schools and the peaceable 
 character generally of its citizens, a military company has nearly 
 always been maintained in the city. 
 
 The first organization was that of the Frontier Gnards, in 1829. 
 Martin Davis was chosen captain; James Kingsley, 1st lieutenant; 
 Edward Clark, 2d lieutenant. The company was afterward com- 
 manded by Edward Clark and Charles Thayer. It had an existence 
 of about five years, and was succeeded in 1838 by the Washte- 
 naw Guards, the first officers of which were: Ebenezer S. Cobb, 
 Captain; Dan W. Kellogg, ]st Lieutenant; Linas Parker, 2d 
 Lieutenant. The company was composed of the best citizens then 
 living in Ann Arbor, and was splendidly drilled. On one occasion 
 it drilled in a school of company in Detroit, for a handsome prize, 
 which it succeeded in capturing. Again at Monroe it drilled in 
 school of company and also school of battalion, receiving first 
 prize for both drills. The company was largely indebted for supe- 
 rior drill to Col. John M. Berrien, a graduate of West Point. John 
 C. Mundy and Charles H. Cavvel also commanded the company at 
 different times. It had an organized existence for seven or eight 
 } ears . 
 
 The Steuben Gnards were next organized in 1859, under the com- 
 mand of Capt. William Roath. On the first call for troops in the 
 war of the Kebellion,Capt. Roath and a portion of his men enlisted, 
 and were in the first Bull Run battle. The City Guards were also 
 organized in 1859, under command of John S. Mills. It was a 
 short-lived company. 
 
 The " Porter Zouaves " were organized on the 21st day of Sep- 
 tember, 1868, with Byron R. Porter, Captain; Warren E. Walker, 
 1st Lieut.; Henry J. Vohn, 2d Lieut. In 1872 Captain Porter re- 
 signed and Warren E. Walker was promoted to fill vacancy. Sam- 
 uel B. Revenaugh, Benjamin F. Knowlton and Thomas D. Bailey 
 also, at different times, held commissions as Lieutenants. In 1874, 
 under the law of the State requiring all militia to be uniformed 
 alike, the Zouave organization was abandoned or merged into Com- 
 pany B, Regiment, Michigan Militia. A new election for 
 
 ofiicers was held, and the following named elected: — Samuel B. 
 Revenaugh, Captain; J. William Hangsterf'er, 1st Lieut.; William 
 Kay, 2d Lieut. The company retained its letter until 1877, when 
 the militia of the State was re-organized. Being then the oldest 
 organized company in the State it was made Co. A. January 1, 
 1879. Captain Revenaugh resigned, and Frank Emerick was elected 
 to fill vacancy. In July, 1879, Captain Emerick resigned, and 
 Charles H. Manley was elected to fill vacancy. Captain Manley 
 was elected July, 1880, for the full term of two years. J. F. Schuh, 
 1st Lieut.; Charles E. Hiscock, 2d Lieut. 
 
>* \ 
 
ANN AEBOE TOAVNSHIP. 951 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 Masonry was first introduced into Ann Arbor in 1826. On tlie 
 institution of the lodge, several of the eminent men of the Terri- 
 tory honored the occasion with their presence. A ball was given 
 in the evening at which were present Gen. Cass, Judge Dexter and 
 others. The disappearance of Morgan shortly after was the occa- 
 sion of many denouncing the order and using their influence against 
 it. The Emigrant, established in 1829, was a strong Anti-Masonic 
 paper. The excitement became so strong in this country it was 
 deemed best to surrender their charter and await developments, 
 the friends of the order believing that when the passions of men 
 subsided the order would stand out in clear relief and above reproach. 
 In the winter of 1845-'6 Oriental Lodge, JSTo. 15, was organized. 
 This was abandoned, and its place taken by xinn Arbor Lodge, No. 
 •85, which flourished until 1871. 
 
 Golden Rule Lodge was chartered in 1856. Its first Master was 
 the Plon. Chas. H. Richmond, who has been succeeded by Robert 
 J. Price, A. T. Breugle, William A. Lovejoy, J. Roath, C. M. 
 Jones, I. C. Handy. The present ofiicials are: W. M., J. Roath; 
 S. W., E. D. Lewis; J. W.,' John A. Gates; Treasurer, B. F. Watts; 
 Secretary, N. D. Gates; S. D., Charles S. Fall; J. D., S. B. Reven- 
 augh. Present membership about 116. 
 
 Washtenaw Chapter, No. 6, was organized October 15, 1849. 
 The following is a list of its ofiicers: — Ezra Piatt, H. P.; Gilbert 
 C. Bedell, King; David Tyler, Scribe; Martin Davis, C. H.; Wm. 
 G. Tnttle, P. S.; Erastus Root, R. A. C; Gilbert Shattuck, M. 3d 
 Y.; Hiram Becker, M. 2d Y.; Robert S. Wilson, M. 1st Y. 
 Present ofiicers are: B. F. Watts, H. P. ; C. M. Jones, King; I. C. 
 Handy, Scribe; W. G. Doty, C. H.; C. G. Wilson, R. A. C; J. 
 Hamilton, P. S.; E. Eberbach, M. 3d Y.; Sed. James, M. 2d Y.; 
 S. B. Revenaugh, M. 1st Y.; T. Taylor, Tyler; F. Sorg, Treas.; 
 A. S., Sec. 
 
 Fraternity Lodge, No. 262, F. c& A. M., was organized in March, 
 1869. The first ofiicers elected were Zina P. King, W. M.; W. D. 
 Harriman, S. W.; E. J. Johnson, J. W.; R. M. Price, Sec; 
 W. B. Smith, Treas.; F. Sorg, S. D.; Aaron Long, J. D. The 
 society has been prosperous daring its dozen years of existence. 
 Its present membership numbers 85. Its lodge room is the same as 
 used by others of the order in Ann Arbor, over 41 and 43 South 
 Main street. The present ofiicers are: W. D. Harriman, W. M. ; 
 E. D. Kinne, S. W.; E. J. Johnson, J. W.; J.William Hang- 
 sterfer, Sec; W. B. Smith, Treas.; J. W. Hamilton. S D.; Sed. 
 James, J. D.; Thomas Taylor, Tyler. 
 
 Ann Arhor Gom,rrmndery, No. 13, Knight Templars, was crgan- 
 ized April 3, 1865, with the following charter members: C. H. 
 Richmond, George Taylor, S. M. Webster, James R. Webster, D. 
 8. Twitchell, A. McElclieran, Louis C. Risdon, R. J. Barry and C. 
 M. Haze. C. H. Richmond was chosen E. C; L. C. Risdon, C. G. ; 
 
 56 
 
962 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 S. M. Webster, P. ; D. Monroe, S. W.; J. K. Webster, J. W. and 
 
 A. McElcheran, W. The present officers are: Z. P. King, E. • 
 JohnK Gott, G.; M. Fleming, C. G.; W. JB. Smith, P.; R. S. 
 Armstrong, S. W.; M. S. Cook, J. W.; F. Sorg, Treas.; J. Kapp, 
 Recorder; H. Morton, S. B.; Wm. Doty, W. and A. J. Johnson, 
 Sentinel. The present membership is about 60. 
 
 ODD FELLOWS. 
 
 This benevolent order, which has so rapidly spread over this 
 country, was first established in this city in 1845, since which time 
 it has had a prosperous career. 
 
 Washtenaw Lodge, No. 9, /. 0. 0. F., was organized March 27, 
 1845, with James E. Piatt, James M. Welch, N. H. Eggleston, M. 
 D. Howard and William J. Wells as charter members. No lodge 
 in the country, in the same length of time, can show a more faith- 
 ful record, it having but seldom ever missed a session on its regular 
 lodge nights. The lodge has a]so numbered some representative 
 men, having been represented by officers in the Grand Lodge ot 
 the State, and some of its number representing the State in the 
 Grand Lodge of the United States. Norton R. Ramsdell and 
 Jonathan Sprague, members of this lodge, have both been members 
 of the Grand Lodge of the United States. Mr. Sprague has also 
 been Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State two terms, and 
 Grand Patriarch of the Encampment one term; Conrad Krapf was 
 also Grand Patriarch one term. Washtenaw Lodge is the parent 
 lodge of several, among which are Wyandotte, No. 10; Huron, No. 
 30, at Dexter; Tonquish, at Plymouth; Wolverine, No. 197, at 
 Milan; Saline, No. 272; Otseningo, No. 295, at Ann Arbor. The 
 lodge has always paid sick benefits and exercised a watchful 
 care over the families of deceased members. Its present officers are 
 James H. Rogers, N. G.; A. W. Chase, V. G.; H. F. Morton, R. 
 Sec. ; J. Sprague, Per. Sec. ; D. Cramer, Treas. 
 
 Otseningo Lodge, No. 295, was organized in 1876, and has had 
 a prosperous existence. 
 
 ANCIENT OEDEE UNITED WOEKMEN. 
 
 Athens Lodge, No. 49, A. O. U. W., was organized June 24, with 
 the following named charter members: M. Fleming, C. M. Jones, 
 
 B. F. Watts, N. R. Waterman, Wm. Clute, John P. Little, Fletcher 
 Jewell, John F. Lawrence, W. J. Herdman, D. M. Caldwell, Jo- 
 siah S. Case, Nelson S. Garlinghouse, A. [T. Robison, Lewis Moore, 
 Henry B. Maston, Wm. G. Dotv, Christian J. Ruel, DeWitt C. 
 Fall, C. H. Manly, Robert Cathbert, Ed. A. Davison, Wm. R. Mc- 
 Pherson, Byron J. Corbin, C. B. Davison. At the first meeting of 
 the lodge the following named officers were elected : — W. J. Hard- 
 man, P. M. W.; C. S. Manly, G. F.; C. B. Davison, Recorder; W. 
 G. Doty, F.; DeWitt C. Fall, I. W ; C. M. Jones, M. W.; N. Wa- 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 953 
 
 terman, Eeceiver; B. J. Corbin, Guide; J. P. Little, O. W. The 
 order is in a flourishing condition, and has been fortunate in losing 
 none of its members by death to the present time. Its present 
 membership is 35, with B. F. Watts, M. W.; H. B. Dodslev Ee- 
 corder; E. B. Lewis, F.; C.H. Manly, Receiver. The P. M.' W's 
 arc W. J. Herdman, C. M. Jones, William G-. Doty and C. B. 
 Davison. 
 
 ANN AEBOE LODGE NO. 27, A. O. U. W., 
 
 is a German lodge of this order which is in good condition, and is 
 composed of some of the leading men of that nationality in the 
 city. John Muelig is the present W. M. ; A. Gwinnes, F.; J. 
 Fisher, Treas. ; 0. Lucas, Overseer; John Kuebler, Guide. 
 
 ANN AEBOE LODGE, NO. 215, KNIGHTS OF HONOE, 
 
 was organized Dec. 29, 1875, with 15 charter members. James 
 Boyd was elected D. ; Charles M. Jones, V. D.; Charles J. Kint- 
 ner, Ass'tD.; C. S. Millen, Eep.; Fred Sorg, F. Eep. The lodge 
 has had a steady growth, and has been extremely fortunate in los- 
 ing none of their members by death. About 50 persons have been 
 members of the order, 42 now being in good standing. The pres- 
 ent officers are: Fred Sorg, D.; I. C. Handy, Y. D.; George W. 
 Cook, Ass't D. ; J. Q. A. Sessions, Eep. ; William Arnold, F. Eep. , 
 L. C. Eisdon, Treas. 
 
 ANN AEBOE GEEMiN AID ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This association was incorporated under the general law of the 
 State, Nov. 2, 1865, and was organized for the purpose of aiding 
 its members when suffering from disease, infirmity or necessity. 
 Males not less than 21 years of age and not over 45 living within 
 the city of Ann Arbor can become members on the conditions re- 
 quired. Since its organization it has had 241 names on its roll 
 of membership, the number July 1, 1880, being 116. The associ- 
 ation has received $11,020 from various sources, and expended 
 $8,701.29 in supporting the sick and needy and in burial of the 
 dead. Four dollars per week is allowed in case of sickness. Chris- 
 tian Hofl'stetter is President; August De Fries, Eecording Secre- 
 tary; John G. Grossman, Corresponding Secretary. 
 
 M^^fNEEC^OE. 
 
 This society was organized in 1868, its object being the im- 
 provement of the members in vocal music. Among those compris- 
 ing the original membership were: Gottlieb Kutz, C. Schmid, 
 John Eisele, Anton Eisele, August Grauff, Frank Nebel. Gottlieb 
 Kutz was chosen Director and yet holds the position. The society 
 at first met in a room of the Directors', and later in a room which 
 
954 HISTOEF OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 they hired and fitted up for their own use. They now occupy nicely 
 furnished rooms on the corner of Main and Liberty streets. The 
 membership is about 70. Conrad Krapf, President; George 
 Groesman, Vice-President; Christ. Lutz, Secretary; George Koch, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 BEETHOVEN GESANG-TEEEIN. 
 
 This society was organized April 27, 1880, for the purpose of the 
 improvement of its members in artistic music. It has 14 active 
 and 40 honorary members. Charles Miller, President; George 
 Haller, Secretary; Prof Reuben Kenepf, Director. 
 
 ANN AEBOE TUEN-VEEEIN. 
 
 This society was organized with the object of promulgating fel- 
 low feeling, and the encouragement of athletic exercise. The so- 
 ciety prospered, and in 1873 purchased a tract of land comprising 
 several acres, and located one-half mile southwest of the city. The 
 price paid was $1,400. This park was fitted up for the purposes 
 of the societ}^ and a bowling alley, 65 feet in length, a gymnasium, 
 swings, etc., were dispersed throughout the grounds. 
 
 On " tree planting " day in 1876, the society, aided by the citi- 
 zens of Ann Arbor, planted numerous and beautiful trees to live 
 and fiourish and to perpetuate the memory of the Ann Arbor Turn- 
 Verein throughout the future ages. 
 
 TEMPEEANCE. 
 
 We do not profess to write a full history of the temperance 
 work of Ann Arbor, as our space is too limited. The materials 
 exist for a history of this matter that shall be of intense interest 
 and of great local importance. Furthermore, while these materials of 
 history exist, they are very difficult to obtain. The cause of tem- 
 perance is like that of the Christian religion in this respect, — that 
 it is found in a great variety of shapes and methods; in other words, 
 it has taken upon itself the most remarkable form in the way ot 
 organizations. But unlike Christianity, which is historically traced 
 through the various sects and societies, the cause of temperance 
 seems to run through the more wonderful changes. As soon as 
 one particular form of labor has lost its interest to the public, the 
 friends of temperance re- organize, and are found laboring in a difier- 
 ent manner. This makes it exceedingly difficult to give a true and 
 accurate account of the wonderful work done by the temperance or- 
 ganization of Ann Arbor. We shalktherefore give a brief history 
 of the work from the first to the present time. 
 
 In 1828 or 1829 a grand wave of temperance swept over the 
 whole land. In every city, village and hamlet the enthusiasm was 
 caught, and although the signing of the pledge prohibited only the 
 use of alcoholic liquors, wine, beer and cider not included, yet it was 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 955 
 
 the saving of hundreds of men from drunkards' graves, and restored 
 many men to the bosom of their families, who would have undoubt- 
 edly perished from the direct or indirect effect of the vile monster 
 rum. A Mr. Page, of Ann Arbor, who came to the village in 
 October, 1826, the first Presbyterian minister in the place, had 
 occasion to visit Detroit, and while there drank in no small amount 
 of the enthusiasm that was raging' among the friends of the good 
 and true. Upon returning to his humble home he conceived the 
 idea of forming a temperance organization in this quiet little ham- 
 let, and therefore a meeting was called in the Presbyterian church, 
 then a small log house, and 12 persoas responded to the appeal of the 
 village pastor. Of the 12 persons present, Lorrin Mills and three of 
 his brothers formed one-third of the small assemblage. An organ- 
 ization was effected, and named the "Temperance Society." This 
 society met with great opposition at first, as it was customary at 
 house and barn " raisings " to always have a jug of the "ardent " 
 on hand, and nobody thought of assisting at such an occasion un- 
 less their spirits were kept up by pouring '■ spirits " down. These 
 persons, and there were very few who did not coincide with them, 
 considered it utterly impossible to dispense with whisky on such 
 occasions, and therefore for several years the society had only a very 
 feeble support from the general community. A couple of incidents 
 relating to the effect this organization had on the custom and habits 
 of the village and vicinity may be of interest to the readers of this 
 volume. 
 
 When Mr. Page came back from Detroit filled with enthu- 
 siasm and energy for this great movement, he chanced to meet 
 Simeon Mills, who had come from JSTew York a year previous, and 
 had brought with him a barrel of whisky to keep off the " shakes 
 andager." They were discussing the question of the effect that 
 this vile stuff had on the mind and constitution of man. Mr. Page 
 remarked that he could get along well enough without whisky, 
 and needn't drink one drop to assist him in his ministerial or 
 worldly labors. This was a surprise to Mr. Mills, who had always 
 supposed that whisky was an essential element of a person's diet, 
 but believing firmly in Mr. Page's veracity, and about half per- 
 suaded in the justice and feasibility of carrying out the projected 
 movement, he grasped his friend's hand, and spoke with earnest- 
 ness the words: " Mr. Page, if you can get along without whisky, 
 I know I can," and he forthwith proceeded to turn his whisky into 
 vinegar. This vow Mr. Mills faithfully kept, and was a prime 
 mover in all matters relating to the advance of the temperance 
 cause. 
 
 On another occasion, that sturdy pioneer, Horace Carpenter, 
 wished to raise a barn, but thinking he would try a new experiment 
 ■on the much-talked-of temperance movenent, he went around to 
 each and all of his neighbors, as was the custom, and invited them 
 to the raising of the barn, but was sure to tell each and every one 
 that the raising should be accomplished without the aid of any 
 
956 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 whisky. This caused each to open his eyes, and wonder if "Uncle 
 Horace had gone clear out of his senses," as such a thing was un- 
 heard of, and surely couldn't be done. Nearly every one said that 
 they would go, but " didn't guess anybody else would." Mr. Car- 
 penter made. almost the same reply to these remarks by saying: 
 " This barn is going to be raised without whisky, or the timber 
 may lie there and rot." The day for the raising came, andalso the 
 neighbors. The wonderful feat was successfully accomplished, and 
 Horace Carpenter had the honor of raising the first building in 
 Washtenaw county without the aid of ardent spirits. 
 
 In ISiO, the " Washingtoniaa " wave was ushered into Ann Arbor 
 with as much zeal as elsewhere in this broad land. Meetings were 
 held nightly in the court-house, and different churches, and the 
 cause ably sustained by the best citizens of the village. The Sons 
 of Temperance, Maine Law and the Women's Crusade were all 
 pushed forward with earnestness and perseverance. The next great 
 blast of temperance that swept over the land was called the Eed 
 Ribbon movement, and Ann Arbor did her full share of duty in the 
 wonderful cause. 
 
 The following review of the city temperance societies as they 
 exist in 1881, must be of special interest: 
 
 W. C. T. U. — The Woman's Christian Temperance Union, ol 
 Ann Arbor, is the oldest in the citj', having been founded in 
 March, 1874. Its members are quiet but indefatigable laborers in 
 this great field, and maintain a weekly prayer-meeting besides con- 
 ducting one service each month on Sunday afternoon, atthe Opera 
 House. The following are the officers, whose terms expire April 1, 
 1882: President, Mrs. J. F. Bishop; Vice-President, Miss M. S. 
 Brown; Secretary, Mrs. Phebe Steele; Asst. Secretary, Mrs. E. N. 
 Gilbert; Cor. Secretary, Miss Sarah Fletcher; Treasurer, Mrs. 
 M. J. Dygert. 
 
 Ann Arbor Reform Club. — This famous organization came mto 
 existence March 26, 1877, and has been one of the hardest work- 
 ing societies of any kind ever organized in the city,. Its power for 
 good has been felt near and far, and its fame spread to the utmost 
 confines of the State. Some of the most eloquent temperance 
 speakers and workers in the nation have been brought to the city 
 and county through its exertions, and strong temperance senti- 
 ments planted, which are growing vigorously. The club has fur- 
 nished speakers and maintained meetings for four years in nearly 
 every township in the county where the people have taken any 
 interest in the work, and much good has been accomplished 
 through their efforts. The officers and workers are largely com- 
 posed of men who have turned from an intemperate life, and conse- 
 quently can appeal to intemperate people with great sympathy and 
 feeling. The club is officered as follows: President, John Schu- 
 macher; 1st Vice-President, Chas. M. Jones; 2d, Fred Esslinger; 
 3d, Chas. Boylan; Recording Secretary, Jas. B. Saunders; Financial 
 Secretary, B. J.Conrad; Treasurer, David J. Fisher; Steward, 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 957 
 
 Wm. Copeland; 1st Marshal, Chris. Schnmacher; 2d Marshal, 
 "\Ym. Copeland; Sergeaat-at- Arms, "Wm. Mathews; Janitor, Wm. 
 JFisher. 
 
 St. Thomas Society. — In the spi-ing of 1877, shortly after the Eed 
 Eibbon boys organized, Father Yan Erp, whose memory is green 
 with good deeds, took hold of the temperance work in his Church 
 and organized the St. Thomas Temperance Benevolent Society. 
 While its founder lived the society flourished, having at one time 
 a membership of 100. Members who have maintained good stand- 
 ing for six months are entitled in case of sickness to $3 per week 
 for a period of 13 weeks. The following are the officers whose 
 terms expire Jan. 1, 1882: President, Andrew Norton ; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, John Flynn; Treasurer, Dan J. Ross; Financial Secretary, 
 Pet'^r Dignan; Corresponding Secretary, Frank O'Hearn; Coun- 
 selors, John O'Grady, sr., and William Clanc}', sr. ; Marshal, John 
 O'Hara. 
 
 University Temperance Association. — This society was organ- 
 ized in the fall of 1878, with Prof. E. Olney as President. The 
 main object is to obtain signatures to the total-abstinence pledge 
 among the students, and it has been eminently successful, 600 names 
 oeing obtained the first year. Committees are appointed by the 
 society for the various departments, and from the law alone during 
 1880-'l, 180 names are reported. During the visit of Mr. Bain to 
 the city in the fore part of 1880-'!, 170 students signed the pledge. 
 It is thought 800 of the students have given their names to the tem- 
 perance cause within the year. The following is the list of officers: 
 President, Prof. E. Olney; Secretary, Prof. T. P. Wilson; Treas- 
 urer, Prof. W. J. ilerdman; Chairman Ex. Committee, Prof. J. B. 
 Steere, with two members from each department. 
 
 JJ.ofM. W.G. T. Z7.— The lady students of the University, 
 about 1878, organized a branch society known as the University of 
 Michigan Woman's Christian Temperance Union, having in view 
 thfe same objects as the unions all over the country. Several prom- 
 inents lady speakers delivered addresses under its auspices in Uni- 
 versity Hall. This organization has a membership of 35, and is 
 officered as follows: President, Miss Mary Clark; Vice-President, 
 Anna Underbill; Secretary, Fanny P. Andrews; Treasurer, Mary 
 Harding. 
 
 A. A. H. S. T A. — Which translated means the Ann Arbor 
 High School Temperance Association, came into existence in 
 November, 1878. It has a membership of 250 students, and has 
 held public meetings at various times, but its principal object is to 
 keep the high-school students enrolled under the temperance banner. 
 Its officers are: President, E. A. Jenkins; Secretary, Carrie W. 
 Frazer. 
 
 Juvenile Temperance Union. — This organization is the bottom 
 round of the ladder. Its object is to take the little ones as soon as 
 they are able to understand, and enroll them in this temperance 
 army. It is a training school, as it were, for the next round above. 
 
958 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the high school society, and so on up the ladder. It meets every 
 Tuesday, and is under the immediate supervision of the Christian 
 Union. The following are the officers: — President, Mrs. R. E. 
 Frazer; Yice Presidents, Ernest Perry, Nellie Ames; Secretary, 
 Mrs. D. M. Tyler; Assistant Secretary, Hattie Barnett; Treasurer, 
 Mrs. W. Thomas; Assistant Treasurer, "Willie Thomas. 
 
 Royal Templars^ Ann Arbor Council. — This is a new organiza- 
 tion in the city, a branch of the society known as the Royal Tem- 
 plars of Temperance, whose object is life insurance, and allowing 
 none but strictly temperance people in its membership. It was 
 organized Monday evening, Jan. 31, 1881, with 24 charter members, 
 and the following elected officers: — Select Councilor, C. B. Davison; 
 Vice Councilor, H. E. fl. Bower; Past Councilor, L. B. Kellogg; 
 Chaplain, E. A. Spence; Recording Secretary, J. B. Saunders; 
 Financial Secretary, Geo. W. Moore; Treasurer, Nelson Suther- 
 land; Herald, David Fisher; Guard, L. D.White; Sentinel, Henry 
 Richards. 
 
 The first anniversary of the Ann Arbor Reform Club commenced 
 in Ann Arbor, on Wednesday, March 27, 1878. The exercises were 
 opened by the reading of the history of the club by R. B. Pope, 
 and this being followed by a poem by D. Bethune Duffield, of De- 
 troit. On Thursday evening, Jerome Murray, of Toledo, Ohio, told 
 what he had passed through while leading an intemperate life. Mr. 
 Murray spoke witli a tone of voice that carried conviction to every 
 heart. He presented the temperance cause in such a light that at 
 the conclusion of his remarks, many names were enrolled on their 
 pledge. Friday evening came, and although the weather was rainy 
 and disagreeable, the attendance was so large as to turn many 
 away, there being not even standing room in the building. The 
 speaker for the evening was the Rev. Mr. Hildreth, of Grand Rap- 
 ids, and he made one of the most eloquent and persuasive appeals 
 for the cause which leads men to be more true to themselves 
 and family, than ever was heard before in the city. At the close-of 
 his clear and forcible argument, some 65 men were added to this 
 noble band. On Saturday eve. Joshua W. Smith, of the Detroit 
 Reform Club, and Prof. Dickie, of Albion College, delivered elo- 
 quent addresses in behalf of the cause they loved so well. Mr. 
 Duffield, by special request, read a poem written for tlie Detroit 
 Club, that was read at their last anniversary. Again the pledges 
 were laid upon the desk, and 42 more men were willing to " dare to 
 do right." Sunday evening was the crowning glory of this ex- 
 tended temperance feast. The Regents of the University kindly 
 lent the society the University Hall, and when evening came, a very 
 large audience, estimated at 2,500 persons, were present to listen 
 and take part in the exercises. Mr. R. E. Frazer was the orator, and 
 well and nobly did he do his duty. He caused such an enthusiasm 
 among that lai-ge audience that when he closed nearly 250 persotvs 
 were convinced that " truth will prevail," and were glad to enroll 
 themselves on that ever-increasing pledge. Election day then came, 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 959 
 
 and the ladies of the White Ribbon Club and their many friends 
 gave the members and snch others as wished, in fact to almost ever}' 
 body, some good and substantial refreshments, for which they were 
 duly thanked. In the evening another public meeting was held, 
 and Joshua Smith, Barney Morrison, Mrs. Mary E. Foster, and R. 
 E. Frazer made addresses. When the roll of names to the pledge 
 was added up late at night, it was found that 134 had " put their 
 shoulder to the wheel," and intended to help along the good cause. 
 On Tuesday evening the last meeting was held, and addresses made 
 by local speakers, and the members of the club. About 33 more 
 names were added to the pledge, that they will never be ashamed of 
 as long as life lasts, making a grand total of 566 names, and increas- 
 ing the membership roll to 1,866. Thus ended the iirst grand anni- 
 versary of the Ann Arbor Reform Club. An important feature of 
 the club is the semi-monthly lectures, which are well attended, and 
 given by the most learned and experienced professors of science and 
 religion throughout the State. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 On subsequent pages are given personal sketches of many of the 
 most prominent citizens of Ann Arbor city and township, which 
 will be found of interest equal to the more genera.! history. 
 
 Eugene B. Abel, junior member of the dry goods house of Bach tt Abel, at Ann 
 Arbor, Mich., was bom at Glen, Montgomery county. New York, in 1854, where he 
 spent his earlier years. In 1868 he entered Ann Ai'bor high school, where he 
 pursued his studies three years, when he returned to New York. On the death of 
 his brother, in 1877, he came to Ann Arbor to continue his interest in the business, 
 and became a partner in the firm of Bach & Abel, the firm name contiuuing as 
 before. Although one of the young business men of this citj'. Mr. Abel has become 
 one of the first, and in his connection with the house has done a large amount of 
 business. 
 
 Charles K. Adams. LL. D., Professor of History in the I'nirersity of ^lichigan, 
 was born Jan. 24, 1835, at Derby, Vt. His parents, Charles and Susan M. Adams, 
 moved to that State from Massachusetts a short time before his birth. His early 
 education was obtained in the common schools and the Academy of Derby. Having 
 a special fondness for mathematics, he acquired considerable proficiency as a sur- 
 veyor. In 1855 he went to Iowa, where, after a year of preparator}' study at the 
 Denmark Academy, he entered the University of Michigan as a classical student. 
 In 1861 he received the degree of A. B., but remained in the University during the 
 following year, pursuing a post-graduate course in history. In 1862, during Pro- 
 fessor White's absence in Europe, Mr. Adams was appointed instructor in history, 
 with roll charge of the classes in that branch of study; the following year he was 
 appointed Assistant Professor of History and Latin, and when, in 1867, Professor 
 White resigned, he was appointed to the Professorship in History, which he has 
 since filled. On accepting this position he obtained leave of absence, f cr one year 
 of study and travel in Europe, and visited the principal universities in Germany, 
 France and Italy. His lectures at the University have been largely attended. Pro- 
 fessor Adams has been a frequent contributor to the North American JRetiexc, and 
 other literary journals. In 1874 he published Democraty and Monarchy, in Frunce. 
 a work which was received with great favor by the scholars of Europe and America, 
 He is the author of aSyllabus of 2 courses of lectures onModern|History;oneonEng. 
 Oov't.,andoneon the Rise of Prussia; also Questions and Notes on theConst'l Hist, of 
 England. He will soon publish a Bibliographical Manual, descriptive of the best 
 historical works, for the use of students, general readers and librarians, containing 
 sketches of about one thousand works and giving three courses of reading to be 
 
960 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 followed. In 1879 the University ol Chicago conferred on him the honorary degree 
 of LL. D. At the Psi Upsilon Convention held at Michigan University, May 36, 
 27, 1879, with the Phi Chapter, Professor Adams was made the President of the 
 convention. In 1880 he was elected Dean of the faculty of Literature, Science and 
 Arts of the University of Michigan. In August, 1863, he married Mrs. A. D. 
 Mudge. 
 
 Robert K. Ailes, machinist and manufacturer, Ann Arbor, was born in Lan- 
 caster county, Pa., in 1819, and son of Amos and Elizabeth Ailes. At an early age 
 Robert was apprenticed to learn the trade of a millwright. In 1840 he went to 
 Jackson, Mich., where he worked at his trade for a short time, then coming to Ann 
 Ai-bor, where he located permanently. His business is of such a nature as to re- 
 quire his almost constant presence in the different mills throughout the State; so he 
 really knows no home, although his family is at Ann Arbor. In 1863 ,he married 
 Huldah Ann Bentley. Mr. Ailes was largely engaged in the foundry business with 
 Messrs. Tripp and Price, but of late years has been connected with Mr. Grattan, a 
 well-known skillful machinist of Ann Arbor, and the firm enjoy a large trade. 
 
 William Allaby, dealer in boots and shoes, Ann Arbor, was born in England in 
 1823. He was there educated and learned the trade of <;ordwainer, or shoemaker. 
 When 21 years of age he came to the United States and located at Rochester, N.Y., 
 in 1845. In 1846 he came to Ann Arbor. He at once began working at his trade, 
 and was employed by various men until 1848, when he began business for himself. 
 Since that time he has been almost continually in the business. He has built up a 
 large trade, and by careful habits and strict integrity and attention to business has 
 secured a competency for his declining years. In 1866 he built the fine store build- 
 ing, number 18 South Main street, which he now occupies. 
 
 Fred Allen, blacksmith, of the firm of Jones & Allen, Ann Arbor, was born at 
 Albion, Orleans Co., N. "¥. When but a lad his parents removed to Illinois. In 
 1865 they removed to Ann Arbor, where he was educated. He visited a number 
 of States, and while in Wisconsin was married. He learned his trade at Pond du Lac. 
 In 1879 he came back to Ann Arbor and connected himself with Mr. Jones in the 
 blacksmith busmess. 
 
 Ilewnj C. Allen, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Clinical 
 Medicine, Homeopathic Department University ol Michigan, was bom in, 
 Ontario, Canada, Oct. 2, 1838, and is a son of Hugh and Martha (Billings) Allen 
 of English dt scent. His great grandfather was one of the first settlers of Salem, 
 Mass., and owned a farm where now stands a large portion of that city. He gave 
 the ground on which the first-church was erected in that place. Henry C. Allen 
 was reared on a farm, and received his literary education in the high and grammar 
 schools of London, Ontario. He graduated froai the Cleveland Homeopathic Medi- 
 cal College in 1861, with high honors. He practiced his professioa in connection 
 Dr. T. P, Wilson for 18 months. Iq Aug., 1862, he went to Branford, Ontario, and 
 the following autumn received the appointment of Professor of Anatomy in the 
 Cleveland Medical College, remaining there until 1868. He also held the same 
 position in the Hahnemann Medical College, of Chicago, for one term, the chair of 
 surgery being tendered him at the same time, but he declined. He acted as Super- 
 intendent of the Homeopathic Mutual Life Insurance Co. for a year, resigning in 
 1877. In 1878 he began the practice of medicine in Detroit, and in 1880 was appointed 
 Lecturer on Therapeutics, Gynascology, Diseases of Women and Children, and in 
 August following, to his present position. He was married Deo. 24, 1867, to S. 
 Louisa Gould, and 3 children have been born to them, 2 of whom are living — 
 Frank L, and Helen M. Dr. Allen is author of the " Homeopathic Theory of Inter- 
 mittent Fever," and is a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of 
 Ontario, Canada. 
 
 James 0. Allen was born in Augusta Co., Va., Oct. 4, 1816, and is a son of John 
 Allen, on£ of the founders of the city of Ann Arbor. In 1824 his parents removed 
 to this State and settled where the city of Ann Arbor now is. In 1828 his grand- 
 jnother returned to Virginia, his grandfather having died in that year, and Mr. 
 Allen and his sister went with her. In 1832 he returned to Ann Arbor, where he 
 remained until 1836, when he was sent to Lima, N. Y., where he entered school. 
 Owing to ill health he remained in school but one year. He then returned to Ann 
 Arbor and began farm work. During his earlier years he lived with his grand- 
 parents and later he kept bachelor's hall in Pittsfield, on a farm which he sold to 
 James Kingsley. In 1846 he went into the store of E. T. Williams, by whom he 
 was employed some time, and then entered the store of William S. Maynard. In 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 961 
 
 1854 he returned to farm life in Pittsfleld, where he remained until 1866, when he 
 moved into Ann Arbor city. Here he lived but three years, and in 1868 moved upon 
 his present farm in Ann Arbor township, where he has about 600 acres of fine land. 
 ^h: Allen is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Ann Arbor. In 1848 he was 
 married to ^lliss Martha T. Porter, of Ann Arbor, whose parents came here from New 
 York in 1847. Two children were born to them, 1 of whom is still living. Jan. 8, 1853, 
 Mrs. Allen died. In 1850 he was married to Miss Jlary J. AyreSj of Brooklyn, 
 Jackson Co., ilich., whose parents were among the pioneers of Jackson county. 
 Sirs. Allen died in 1868, leaving 4 children, of whom 3 are living. March 
 29, 1873, he was married to JMiss Frances E. Ayres, a sister of his second wife. To 
 them have been born 3 children, 3 of whom are living. 
 
 A/ichael Andrus, Ann Arbor, dealer in ice, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, 
 in 1836, where he was educated. In 1843 his parents came to this country and set- 
 tled in Scio tp., in this county, where he engaged in farming. In 1864 he went to 
 Europe to visit the home of his childhood. In 1866 he purchased his present busi- 
 ness in this city, where he has since lived. In 1880 he put up 1,600 tons of ice, all 
 of which found a ready market. In 1851 he was married to Jliss Catherine Yager, 
 of Ann Arbor, formerly from Wurtemburg, The fruit of this union is 4 children, 
 all of whom are living. 
 
 S. C .Andrews, bookseller and publisher at Ann Arbor, was born at Kinsman, 
 Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1851. When he was but a small child his father went to 
 the Sandwich Islands, as a missionary, taking his family with him. There he 
 received his elementary education under the instruction of his father. In 1870 the 
 subject of this sketch came again to America, and entered Oberlin College. He 
 remained there but a short time and came to Ann Arbor, where he entered the 
 Michigan University, pursuing selected studies. In 1874 he went into the book 
 business, which he continued for a time alohe. He then took into the business as 
 partner Mr. Sheehan, and this partnership continuedflve years. In 1877 this firm 
 opened the store on Huron street, now occupied by Mr. Andrews. In 1879 they 
 purchased the business of Douglass & Co . The stock was then divided and the 
 partnership dissolved. Since then Mr. Andrews has continued the business alone. 
 In 1878 he married Miss Emma M. Pugsley, of Paw Paw, Mich., who graduated 
 from the Literary Department of Michigan University in 1877. 
 
 James L. Babcoek, son of L. A. and Elizabeth (James) Babcock, was born at 
 Goshen, Hampshire county, >Iass., Feb. 10, 1840. His father was a native of 
 Petersburg, N. Y. James L. was educated in the common schools and in an 
 Academy at Northampton, Mass. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits at 
 Aurora, Ills., for 10 years, but has been a resident of this county for the past 30 
 years. 
 
 Philip Bach, senior member of the firm of Bach & Abel, dry-goods dealers at 
 Ann Arbor, j\Iich., is a native of Germany and was born in the Duchy of Baden 
 Oct. 20, 1820. When nine years of age his parents came to America, and settled in 
 Pennsylvania, where they lived five years. In 1885 they came to Ann Arbor, since 
 which time ^Ir. Bach has resided in this cit.y. He began his business life with 
 Brown tt Company in the lower town, then the leading business house in the 
 town. He was afterward for a time with Hiram Goodspeed, then with E. Root& 
 Son, and later with Bach & Abel, of this city, with whom he remained until 1843, 
 when he began business life for himself as a partner in the firm of C. B. 
 Thompson & Co. In 1855 he opened the house of which he is now the leading 
 member. He has been longer continuously in business in Ann Arbor than any 
 other man in the city and has never yet known failm-e. In 1865 he built the store 
 where he now does business. 
 
 Dr. Cyrus Backus was born at Locke, Cayuga county, N, Y., now called 
 Groton, Tompkins county, in the year 1813. In this place he received his earlier 
 education. He later studied medicine with Dr. David Bennie, and afterward with 
 Dr. J. G. Morgan, of Auburn, N. Y., then Surgeon of the State's prison at that 
 city. He entered the medical college at Geneva and took the full course. How- 
 ever, when the time came for him to graduate it was ascertained that this college 
 was not authorized legally to grant diplomas admitting to practice. Pie therefore 
 passed an examination before the Ontario County Medical Society, and by it was 
 admitted to practice. He then came to Michigan where he was examined by the 
 Territorial Medical Society, and by it admitted to practice. He followed his pro- 
 fession for some years, when he returned to New York and entered the jMedical 
 Department of the University of the city of New York, at which he graduated in 
 
962 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 1850. He again came West, and in 1850 located at Ann Arbor, Mich., where he 
 has since been in practice. Dr. Backus is now the oldest living practitioner in 
 this city, having practiced here 30 years. He has now as partner in his business, 
 Dr. Alien. 
 
 J. D. Baldwin, fruit grower, Ann Arbor, was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., in 
 the town of Baldwinsville, named in honor of Cyrus Baldwin, father of J. D., who 
 was a prominent physician of the Empire State. He married Susan Dorr, of Bos- 
 ton, a daughter of one of the soldiers, who, being disguised as Indians, threw over- 
 board that memorable ship-load of tea in Boston harbor. In 1835 Mr. Baldwin 
 located at Detroit where he engaged in the hardware and leather trade. In 1847 he 
 came to Ann Arbor, and bought 154 acres of valuable land in the vicinity of that 
 city. Aug. 1, lb39, he married Elizabeth F. Hubbard, daughter of Norman Hubbard, 
 a capitalist of Oswego Co., N. Y. They have 4 children -Eugene E., James C., 
 Mrs. Mary Davis, Ann Arbor, and Charles C, all of whom were liberally educated. 
 Mr. B. takes great interest in fruit-growing, and is Vice-President of the Washtenaw 
 Co. Pomological Society, which position he has retained since its organization. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Baldwin are among the leading members of the Congregational Church of 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 Mrf. William Ball, who takes a leading position as a dress and cloak maker in 
 Ann Arbor, was born in New York. For a number of years Mrs. Ball was a suc- 
 cessful business lady of Adrian, Mich., and in 1878 removed to Ann Arbor, where 
 she has since resided. In the short time she has been in the latter place she has 
 succeeded admirably, and is kept quite busily engaged the greater part of the year 
 in attending to city custom. She has been twice married. Her first husband was 
 O. O. Beach. Feb. 13, 1881, she married William Ball. 
 
 R. J. Barry (deceased) was born in New York city, Aug. 25, 1814. In an early 
 day he removed to Hartford, Conn., and in his 21st year settled at Ann Arbor„ 
 He secured employment as a clerk in a leading dry-goods establishment, and som 
 years after bought 80 acres of land in Pittsfield tp. In 1852 he went to Marysville, 
 Cal., where he was engaged in mining for 30 months. He then returned to Ann 
 Arbor, and when the Rebellion broke out he organized a company and was elected 
 Captain, but the troops were never called into active service. He officiated as U. 8. 
 Provost jNIarshal, and was subsequently Collector of Internal Revenue. In 1842 
 lie married Sarah Mosely, a daughter of Col. Thomas Mosely, a native of Pittsfield, 
 Mass., and a Colonel in the war of 1812. His wife was a native of Parmington, 
 Conn. Seven children were born to Mr, and Mrs. Barry, 6 of whom are living — 
 Mary, Clara, Elmira, Julia, Edmund and Charles, the latter a graduate of Michigan, 
 and resident of Ann Arbor. 
 
 8. & J. Baumgnrtiur, proprietors grocery and bakery, Ann Arbor, were born in 
 <Jermany, and in 1873 came to Ann Arbor. May 1, 1877, they started in business in a 
 humble way, and scarcely knowing any of the English language. The success that 
 has crowned them in this line of business is ample proof of -their honesty and integ- 
 rity. In connection with their grocery and bakery they have a flour and feed de- 
 partment, which is a source of no inconsiderable revenue to the firm. In the 
 autumn of 1880 they erected a large and commodious bakery, and S. Baumgartner 
 took charge of it, and bears the reputation of being one of the best bakers in Wash- 
 tenaw county. 
 
 G. H. Baxter, proprietor livery and feed stable, corner 2d and Huron streets, Ann 
 Atbor, was born in AVashtenaw county, and is a son of William Baxter, a merchant 
 of Manchester, and an old pioneer of the county. The livery business was estab- 
 lished in 1868, under the firm name of Robinson, Baxter & Co., but some years ago 
 the firm was dissolved, and since that time the livery and feed stable — one of the 
 best in Southern Michigan — has been under the efiicient management of C. H. 
 Baxter. 
 
 Hon. Hiram J. Beakeg, of Ann Arbor, Mich., was born at Middletown, Orange 
 Co., N. Y., in 1827, and received his education at his native place. He also com- 
 menced reading law there and afterward read with Clark & Rapallo, of New 
 Yoik city, the latter of whom is now a Judge of the Court of Appeals of ISTew York 
 State. ]\Ir. Beakes was admitted to the Bar in 1851 in New York city. The same 
 year he removed to Ann Arbor and began the practice of law. 1854 he was elected 
 Circuit Court Commissioner of Washtenaw Co., which he held one term. In 1863 
 he was elected member of the Legislature from Ann Arbor, which he held one term. 
 In 1874 he was elected Probate Judge of Washtenaw Co., and was elected again at 
 the expiration of the term. Mr. Beakes is now a member of the firm of Beakes & 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 963 
 
 Cutcheon, Detroit, Mich., and has also a large practice at Ann Arbor which is still 
 his home. 
 
 Eugene E. Seal, Ann Arbor, was born at Plainfield, Livingston Co., Mich., Feb. 
 26, 1846, and is a son of Emory and Sophia (Rice) Beal, natives of New York. 
 Mr. Beal was reared on a farm, and received his preliminary education in the 
 district schools. When he was 15 years old he went to Dexter, and attended the 
 schools there for two years, at the expiration of which time he entered the employ 
 of Beal & Field, dry -goods merchants, as a clerk. He remained with this firm 
 nearly two years, and then went to Ann Arbor, spending one year in attendance 
 at the Commercial School of that city. From Ann Arbor he went to Minnesota, 
 and, in connection with two brothers, established the firm of Beal Bros , at Sauk 
 Rapids. He remained in this connection seven years, in the meantime serving 
 one term as Sheriff of Benton county, and at the time of departure from that region 
 was representing Sauk Rapids in the County Board of Supervisors. He then went 
 back to Ann Arbor, and entered the publishing house of Dr. Chase's Receipt 
 Book and the Ann Arbor Courier, being at present cashier and bookkeeper of 
 that famous establishment. In 18T0 he married Lutilla, daughter of Nathan and 
 Fidelia Keith, residents of Dexter. Two children have been sent to bless this 
 union — Elm^r and Rice. 
 
 Charles Beh r (deceased) was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1826. He was 
 there educated and learned the dry-goods business, in which his father was largely 
 engaged. In 1849 he caxe to America, and came at once to Ann Arbor, where he 
 engaged in tanning. In 1850 he went to Kalamazoo, where he remained about two 
 years. He then went to Germany for a brief time. During this visit, on the 14th 
 of September, 1852, he was married to Miss Louisa Baize, of Wurtemberg, a 
 daughter of a merchant of that country. The next day they stal-ted for America, 
 and came at once to Ann Arbor. In a short time he opened a grocery and pro- 
 vision store, which he followed till his death in 1871. He left a wife and 4 chil- 
 dren to mourn his loss. Mr. Behr was a man of wide influence, and by care and 
 industry had accumulated quite a large fortune. 
 
 Anson Belding (deceased) was born in Cayuga county, N. T., April 11, 1811. 
 His father, William Belding, was an old resident there and a farmer. Mr. Bel- 
 ding was there educated and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. In 1848 
 he came to Michigan and located in Lodi, Washtenaw county. In a short time 
 he removed to Ann Arbor and engaged in the manufacture of Dr. Cronk's cele- 
 brated root beer, which he followed three years. He then worked at his trade for 
 a time, and purchased a farm on sec. 16, of Ann Arbor tp., wh'ch he owned when 
 he died, though not living on it. He carried on the farm and followed his trade 
 till he died, in 1861. May 13, 1842, he was married to Miss Ann Mills, of Cayuga 
 county, N . T., a daughter of John Mills, a pioneer of that county. To them were 
 born 3 sous, 2 of whom are living. One is now in Nebraska and one in Brighton, 
 Mich. 
 
 Rev. H. F. Belser, Pastor Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Ann Arbor, was 
 born near Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1829. Mr. Belser graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Tubingen, in 1850. In 1S53 he settled near Fort Wayne, Indiana, 
 where he first preached, after being ordained as a minister of the gospel. In 
 1855 he married Mary Coker, and 8 children have been born to them. The same 
 year he was married Mr. B. became pastor of a Lutheran Church at Mansfield, 
 Ohio, and subsequently at Washington, Crawford county, where he remained for 
 many years. In ls75 he located at Ann Arbor, and the Church under his control 
 (as will be seen in anotlier portion of this volume) is in a flourishing condition. 
 Rev. Belser is a member of the Joint Lutheran Senate of Ohio, and other organi- 
 zations of a like nature. 
 
 Mrs. Maf/gie Berry, hair dresser, Ann Arbor, is a daughter of Spencer and 
 Rosanna (McAllister) Prater, and learned her trade in Bath, N. Y. She served 
 the usual period of apprenticeship with Miss Jennie Robinson, a noted hair- 
 dresser of that State. She has been located in Ann Arbor for six years, and enjoys 
 a good trade from the leading ladies of Ann Arbor and vicinity. 
 
 William Biggs, contractor and builder, Ann Arbor, was born at Braintree, 
 England, in 1849. He came to Ann Arbor some years ago, and has become 
 favorably known throughout Washtenaw county, as a workman of more than 
 ordinary ability. He received a liberal education in Ann Arbor, and in 1875 was 
 united in marriage to Fanny Cook, a daughter of John Cook, of Ann Arbor, and 
 
964 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 a native of Lincolnshire, England. Mr. Biggs lias erected many of the best resi- 
 dences in Ann Arbor. 
 
 Andrew Birk, manufacturer of potash, soap and candles, at Ann Arbor, was 
 born in WUrtemberg, Germany, A. D. 1818. He was there educated and learned 
 the business which he now follows. In 1853 he came to America and located in 
 Connecticut, where he remained two years. In 1855 he came to Ann Arbor and 
 started his present business on a small scale. From that time to this his business 
 has constantly increased. In 1853, at Bridgeport, Conn., he was married to Miss 
 "Wilhelmina Bauer, of Wurtemberg, Germany. He is a consistent member of 
 Zion Lutheran Church of Ann Arbor 
 
 Isaac Bisbee, farmer, was born in Vei'mont in 1813, son of Elisha and Mary 
 (Grant) Bisbee. Isaac grew to manhood in his native State, where he followed the 
 vocation of a carpenter and millwright. In 1834 he located at Ann Arbor, where 
 he worked at his trade many years. While residing in this latter place, he mar- 
 ried Amanda Fox, daughter of Phineas Fox, an early pioneer of Washtenaw 
 county. They have 6 children — Isadore, wife of O. Doty, of Saginaw, Mich ; Ade- 
 line, wife of O. Lathrop; Benjamin; Albert, who married Hannah Payne, ot 
 Monroe, Mich.; Oscar, husband of Harriet Bell, and Edwin, who n^arried Lena 
 Chief Mr. Bisbee owns a valuable farm of 120 acres, and for 14 years officiated 
 as Justice of the Peace of Ann Arbor tp. 
 
 A. G. Bliss, Ann Arbor, was born in jS'ew York in 1881. Three years after this 
 date his parents, Daniel W. and Lucj^ Bliss, emigrated to Michigan, and eventu- 
 ally located at Ann Arbor, Avhere the former still resides. Mrs. Bliss died in 
 January, 1881, aged 73 years. Mr. A. C. Bliss grew to mature years in the village 
 of Ann Arbor, where he received a liberal education, and in after years worked 
 as a shoemaker and mason. In 1869 he married Sophia McCue. There were 
 3 children born to them — Theodore, a young man possessing more than ordi- 
 nary business talents, died in Kansas City, Mo., and W. R., the proprietor of the 
 Temperance Billiard Hall, on Main street, and an active worker in the temijer- 
 ance movement. His hall contains no intoxicating beverages, and is always 
 thronged with the better class of citizens and students who delight in " rolling 
 the balls." Mr. Bliss is agent for a celebrated steam cooker, of great value to 
 farmers, who, upon a thorough investigation of its merits, are ready purchasers. 
 Mr. Bliss was general collecting agent for the Weed Sewing Machine Company, 
 in the Eastern and Southern States, for over iive years. 
 
 E. J. Bliss, deceased, was a well-known contractor and builder of Ann Arbor. 
 He was born in Vermont in 1828, and in 1835 his parents ]noved to New York, 
 and a short time after to Saline, Washtenaw county, where E. J. grew to mature 
 years upon a farm. At the age of 19 he was apprenticed to the trade of a car- 
 penter and joiner, in wliich occupation he proved himself in after years to be a 
 skillful workman. In 1850 he married Mary Osborn, daughter of Burritt and 
 Nancy Osborn, natives of Connecticut, who settled in this county in 1840. Mr. 
 Bliss was a resident of Chicago six years. He died Jan. 9, 1873, and was laid at 
 rest in the city of Ann Arbor. He was the father of 3 children — Ambrose, Addi- 
 son and Grant. 
 
 A. M. BodiceV, manufacturer of school furniture, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 Franklin county, N. Y., in 1818, son of Samnel and Mary (Gilman) Bodwell, na- 
 tives of New Hampshire. A. M. passed his j'outh in New York, where he received 
 a liberal education, and at the age of 18 accompanied his parents to Lower Can- 
 ada, where he resided for a number of years. He then proceeded to Massachu- 
 setts, remaining a resident of that State till 1838, when he made a journey to Ohio, 
 and found employment as a carpenter and joiner. From Ohio he went to Mil- 
 waukee, Wisconsin, and thence to Chicago, 111. In 1853 he came to Ann Arbor, 
 where he became a manufacturer of school furniture, and on Aug. 32, 1877, he 
 secured letters patent on a folding desk and seat that was destined to work a 
 revolution in the furniture of schools, seminaries and colleges. Mr. B. is the in- 
 ventor of an opera-house chair, with which Whitney's Opera House, Detroit, is 
 fitted throughout. In 1878-'79 he obtained a patent on the celebrated Triumph 
 Windmill. He is c^uite an inventive genius, and doubtless will some day make a 
 fortune out of his inventions. 
 
 Nelson Booth, retired farmer, Ann Arbor, was born in Lodi tp., Washtenaw 
 count}^ in January, 1840. He received his educational training at Michigan Uni- 
 versity, and during the greater portion of his life has followed agricultural pur- 
 suits. In this business he has Iseen more than ordinarily successful, and was one 
 
ANN AEBOB TOWNSHIP. 965 
 
 of the most extensive farmers in the county, owning and farming 400 acres of 
 land in Pittsfield tp., unsurpassed by any similar tract in Washtenaw county. In 
 December, 1880, he disposed of his farm and purchased a half interest in the 
 Gregory House, Ann Aj-bor, in whicli he officiated as landlord until. he sold his 
 interest to C. H. & F. ^Y. Jewell, the former landlords of the Cook House. While 
 proprietor of the Gregory House !Mr. Booth retitted and refurnished it to a large 
 extent, and received a large share of the traveling patronage. In 1861, Mr. Booth 
 married Sophia Bassett, a daughter of Ira Bassett, of Lodi tp., a sketch of whom 
 appears in this work. They have 1 child — Walter H., 11 years old, possessing 
 mechanical qualities, which in the future will make him a man of wealth and 
 prominence. >Ir. Booth is a man of rare sagacity and keen perception, which 
 have greath' assisted him in his business transactions. 
 
 Smith Botsford, merchant, Jlillington, llich., was born on the old '' Botsford 
 homestead," Ann ^Vi-bor tp., son of Elnathan and Eliza Botsford. His father was 
 an old pioneer of this county, and settled here about the time that Nathan Thayer 
 did. He was a prominent liian in the county, and was engaged in agricultural 
 and mercantile pursuits the greater part of his life. He died a number of years 
 ago, and soon after his wife followed him. The old homestead was left to Smith. 
 He received a liberal education at Ann Arbor, and during the war served as a 
 Commissary, in that depai-tment of the aimy. In 1870 he married Mrs. Josephine 
 Pierson, wife of Isaac Pierson, who settled in this county in 1847, daughter ot 
 Eingsley and Anna Miller, natives of New York, and old pioneers of the county. 
 3Ir. Botsford was formerly connected with Philip Bach in the dr}' goods busi- 
 ness, and afterward with a 3Ir. Johnson, in the hats, caps and fur business, both 
 homes being in Ann Ajbor. He has had 3 children born to him — Pierson B., 13 
 years of age, and Katy M., four years of age. 
 
 Ghauncey Branch (deceased) was born in Vermont, Oct. 3, 1803. When a child 
 he removed with his parents to New York, and in 1825 to Washtenaw Co., arriv- 
 ing in May of the same year. In connection with his father and brother William, 
 he located in Pittsfield tp. soon after, and also engaged in the nursery business. 
 In 1837 Mr. Branch engaged in the grocery business at Ann Arbor, and also rented 
 a farm of James Kingsley. At the time of his death he was, with one exception, 
 the oldest resident of Ann Arbor. Mr. Branch contributed liberally of his means 
 to public and private enterprises. In politics he was a Free-Soiler, and afterward 
 a Republican. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church for half a century. 
 
 John Braun (deceased) was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1816. He grew 
 to manhood and was educated in that place. When young he learned the stone- 
 mason's trade, and in '36 immigrated to America, settling in Ann Arbor, where he 
 followed his trade for several years. While a resident of that city, he married 
 Anna M. Eberhardt, a native of Wurtemberg, Germany. In 18.51 he moved upon 
 an 80-acre tract of land in Scio tp., for which he paid, the sum of $1,100. After 
 residing on this farm eight years, he moved on a farm in Ann Arbor tp., consist- 
 ing of 1 77 acres, and subsequently purchased 60 acres more. He accumulated 
 a handsome property by industry and integrity. His death ensued in 1876. His 
 wife is still living, and lives on the old homestead. Eight children, the result of 
 their marriage, are still living. F. J. Braun, the elder, was born in Ann Arbor in 
 1840. He received his preliminary education in the public schools, and subse- 
 quently attended a seminary at Ann A_rbor. In 1871 Mr. B. was Township Clerk, 
 serving two years in that position. He was elected Township Treasurer in 1874 
 and 1878. He has always taken a deep interest in matters pertaining to educa- 
 tion. In 1869 he married Virginia Ctu'rin, a native of Ann Ai-bor. They have 
 S children — Martha C, Carl and Benjamin M. 
 
 John M. Braun, fanaer and stock-raiser, sec. 24, Ann Arbor tp.; P.O., Ann 
 Arbor ; was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, Sept. 1, 1820. He is the son of Michael 
 and Christiana Braun. At the age of 25 he came to Washtenaw Co. and settled 
 at Ann Arbor, where he first found employment at his trade of coopering. He 
 remamed till 1859 when he bought his present farm, consisting of 88 acres. In 
 1847, he married Lena Kergher, of Wurtemberg, Germany, who bore him 9 chil- 
 dren, 6 of whom are living — Fred, residing in Texas, John, William B., Sarah, 
 now attending Michigan University, and Mary and Samuel (twins). The eflbrts 
 of Mr. Bratm as an agriculturist have been crowned with success. He is well 
 respected in the community in which he lives. 
 
 William P. Breakey, M. D., of Ann Arbor, was born at Bethel, Sullivan Co., 
 N. Y., in 1835. He received his elementary education there and at an academ- 
 
966 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ical institution at Bethany, Pa. In 1856 he went to Albany Medical College, at 
 Albany, N. Y., -where he remained one year. In 1857 he entered the Medical 
 Department of Michigan University, from which he graduated in 1859. He 
 began practice at Whitmore Lake, in this county, where he remained three years. 
 He then, in 1862, entered the army as Assistant Surgeon, and remained there until 
 1864. During this time he was detailed on hospital duty largely. After the battle 
 of Gettysburg he was three months in charge of a division of the hospital. In 
 1863 he was in charge of the Baptist Church Hospital, at Williamsburg, Va. At 
 the expiration of his time in the army, in 1864, he came to Ann Arbor, where he 
 engaged in practice. In 1868 was appointed Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy 
 and Prosector of Surgery iu Michigan University. In 1869 that position was 
 abolished. Since 1865 has been United States Examiner for Pensions for Wash- 
 tenaw county. He is now President of the Board of Health of Ann Arbor. He 
 is a member of the County and State Medical Societies. He is also a member of 
 the American Medical Association. In 1862 Dr. Breakey was married to Miss 
 Jennie B. Stevens, daughter of the Hon. William N. Stevens, of Whitmore Lake. 
 
 Peter BreUm (deceased) a pioneer in the brewery business of Ann Arbor, was 
 born in Bavaria in IS'2."). In 1856 he went to Canada and thence to Ann iVj-ljor. 
 He first obtained employment in the city brewery, subsequentl}' built what is- 
 now termed the Western Brewery, in the s. w. part of Ann Arbor. In 1857 he 
 married IMrs. Louisa >Iuellig, relict of Philip Muellig (deceased) and daughter of 
 Andrew Lambert. In 1870 Mr. Brehm erected aver}' flue residence on West Lib- 
 ert}' street, but did not live long to enjoy its comfort, for death called him away 
 in 1872, and he was tenderly laid at rest in Forest Hill cemetery. 
 
 AuguHtus W. Britten, dealer in agricultural implements, Ann Arbor, was born 
 at Ovid, Seneca Co., jST. Y., in 1828, and is a son of L. W. and Eleanor Britten. 
 Augustus was four years old when his parents moved West and settled in (Jak- 
 land Co., ]\Iich., and about 1860 he moved to De.xter, Washtenaw Co., where his 
 fatlier died manj' years ago. A. W. Britten passed his youth in Oakland Co., and 
 received an academic education at North Hill, Wayne Co., Mich., and in ]858-'J) 
 attended tlie State Xormal School at Ypsilanti. Previous to this date, in 1852, he 
 traveled westward, and became interested in mining projects in Nevada and Col- 
 orado, remaining duriiig one winter at Salt Lake City, and afterward locating at 
 Sacramento, Cal., wliere he entered actively into business as a wagon and car- 
 riage manufacturer. In 1856 he returned to Michigan, and in 1859 married Sa- 
 mantlia M. Potter, a daughter of Paddock and Amanda Potter, natives of 
 Jefl'erson Co., X. Y. Jlr. and ^Irs. Britten have devoted a good share 
 of their life in instructing the minds of the children of Michigan. 
 They liave 3 children — Fred. B.. a member of the sophomore class of 
 ]\Iiciiigan University, aged 21 ; Carrie B., an attendant of the Ann Arbor High 
 School, and Dewey A. Mr. Britten has charge of the Ann Arbor Reform C'lub ; 
 was formerly a teaclier of vocal music ; is now a member of the Knights of 
 Honor ; has always identified himself witli Church matters, and takes particular 
 interest in the welfare of the First Baptist Church, of Ann Arbor, of 'which he is 
 a member. 
 
 Rev. John Wedey Brooks, Pastor Second M. E. Church (colored), was bom a 
 slave at Fredericksburg, Mar3dand, April, 1798 His parents were Louis and Fanny 
 (Williams) Brooks . When Mr. Brooks was quite young, his master, Richard Jones, 
 took hnn to Ontario county, N. Y., and there sold him, his motlierand two sisters 
 to Phineas P. Bates. According to the slave laws of New York, at that period, a 
 slave after reaching his 28th age was free, but Mr. Bates continued to hold Mr. 
 Brooks until his 30th year, when, through the influence of John C. Spencer, a law- 
 yer of Ontario county, N, Y., he was freed, and immediately became the paid em- 
 ploye of his benefactor. He remained with Mr. Spencer one year, and in 1828, 
 made his way to the Territory of Michigan, tirst locating at Ann Arbor. He soon 
 after purchased 80 acres of land in Pittsfield tp., for which he paid $100. He re- 
 mained on the farm 25 years, and then sold it to James Nichols. He returned to 
 Ann Arbor, where he has since resided. Mr. Brooks was first married in New York, 
 in 1833, to Lucy Ann Little, a native of New Hampshire, Conn., and one bound 
 out until of age. Five children were born to this marriage, all of whom are 
 deceased. Mrs. Brooks subsequently died, and after Mr. Brooks came to this 
 county he married Elizabeth Moore, a native of Ohio. Mrs. Brooks died in March, 
 1869. He was again married in 1870, to Louisa Ray, who was born at Syracuse, N. 
 Y.,in 1849. Mr. Brooks experienced religion at the age of 13 years, and has been 
 
tS'-^^Z^Z^eS^^ 
 
 -^<£^<A:/ 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 969 
 
 a member of the M. E . Church for 70 years. He was ordained to preach by Rev. 
 Swift, and for five years after liis arrival in Michigan was engaged in the mission- 
 ary work. Rev. Mr. Broolis is one of the oldest settlers in Washtenaw county, and 
 one well respected by all classes of society. 
 
 Jacob F. Bross, wagon and carriage manufacturer, 67 S. Main st., Ann Arbor, 
 was born near Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1845. Two years later his father, Jacob 
 Bross, came to America, and settled at Ann Arbor. He opened a carriage manu- 
 facturing establishment, and under his instruction young Jacob gained a proficiency 
 in that business, that has made him one of the most skillful workmen in Southern 
 Michigan. Jacob Bross died in 1875. In 1872, Mr. Jacob F. Bross married Cathe- 
 rine Fritz, and 4 children — 3 bjys and 1 girl, have been born to them. In 
 1868 Mr. Bross built his extensive wagon shops in Ann Arbor, and at present 
 turns out some first-class work. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and from 1851 
 to 1858 was Treasurer of the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan. 
 
 Daniel B. Brown, retired farmer, was born at Plymouth, Windsor county, Vt. 
 June 13, 1805, and is the second son of Daniel and Polly (Jennison) Brown, natives 
 of Massachusetts. When Daniel was seven years of age, his parents removed to 
 O wego, Broome county, N. Y . , eight years after ground had been broken on the famous 
 Erie canal. Daniel's father secured a contract on this stupendous work, and was 
 assisted by his son, until the completion of the canal, a period of seven years. He 
 took a drove of cattle to New York city, and after returning home, purchased a 
 canal boat, with horses, and engaged in traffic on the Erie canal for some time. In 
 October, 1826, Mr. Brown came to Detroit with a boat load of salt. While stop- 
 ping at a public tavern in that city he was induced to take a look at Washtenaw 
 county. He did so, making the entire distance on horseback, arriving at Ann 
 Arbor viUage about nine o'clock at night. The next morning he walked out of the 
 village and took a good view of the surrounding country. After a stroll of two 
 hours he returned to the old log cabin, kept by John Allen, ordered his horse and 
 started for Detroit, with a fixed determination that Washtenaw county should be 
 his fut jre home At WoodrufE's Grove he met Lucius Lyons, then U. S. Surveyor, 
 afterward U. S. Senator, and they rode to Detroit together. When he arrived at 
 Detroit he sold out his cargo of salt, and returned to Lockport, N. Y . He dis- 
 posed of his interests in New York, and invested the proceeds in dried fruits. 
 Shipping the same to Ann Arbor, he embarked the same day, experiencing very severe 
 weather inhis voyage on Lake Erie. Arriving at Ann Arbor he rented a small frame 
 building about where the First National Bank now stands, using the fore part for a 
 storeroom, andtherearpartforadwelling. Inl827 his brother Anson came from New 
 York and brought with him the first general assortment of goods ever offered for sale in 
 Washtenaw county. The brothers continued in business together about four years. 
 His brother purchased the water-power of the Huron river, in 1850, about where the 
 Sinclair Mills now stand, and in connection with Col. Dwight Kellogg and Edward 
 Fuller, built (he first flouring mill. Mr. Brown's business with the Indians was 
 quite brisk, there being comparatively few white settlers. Furs, cranberries and 
 wild honey, were frequently taken in exchange for goods and shipped to New York 
 city. In 1834, his brother Anson died. In 1838 he was appointed SherifE of 
 Washtenaw county, by Gov. Johnson. The arrival of his commission was the first 
 intimation he had had of the proffered honor. He served with marked ability for 
 some three years. Shortly after the expiration of his term of office he became 
 associated in business with John C. Mundy, a nephew of Gov. Mundy. The store 
 room was on the corner of Main and Ann streets, where now stands Hill's Opera 
 House. The Ann Arbor postofflce was in the store, Mr. Charles Tliayer acting as 
 Postmaster, and also a clerk for the "firm." They continued in this connection 
 for two years, when the partnership was dissolved. Mr. Brown received the 
 appointment of Superintendent of the now famous Michigan Central R. R., which 
 was then owned and operated by the State. The road had been completed to Ann 
 Arbor, and under Mr. Brown's efficient supervision the work was pushed vigor- 
 ously forward, and the road built to Jackson. Mr. Brown remained in his official 
 position until the road passed into the possession of the present company. In 1851 
 Mr. Brown went to California, returning to Ann Arbor in 1853. He has been living 
 50 years at his present residence, and during all his business and mercantile life, 
 has never relinquished his farm, but successfully carried on the business up to the 
 present time. Mr. Brown was one of the original members in the organization of 
 the Baptist Church, of Ann Arbor, and has officiated as Trustee since its organization. 
 He was a Deacon in that denomination for 47 years, and as manv as 20 associate 
 57 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 969 
 
 a member of the M. E. Church for 70 years. He was ordained to preach by Rev. 
 Swift, and for five years after his arrival in Michigan was engaged in the mission- 
 ary work. Rev. Mr. Brooks is one of the oldest settlers in Washtenaw county, and 
 one well respected by all classes of society. 
 
 Jacob V. Brass, wagon and carriage manufacturer, 67 S. Main st., Ann Arbor, 
 was born near Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1845. Two years later his father, Jacob 
 Bross, came to America, and settled at Ann Arbor. He opened a carriage manu- 
 facturing establishment, and under his instruction young Jacob gained a proficiency 
 in that business, that has made him one of the most skillful workmen in Southern 
 Michigan. Jacob Bross died in 1875. In 1872, Mr. Jacob F. Bross married Cathe- 
 rine Fritz, and 4 children — 3 bjysand 1 girl, have been born to them. In 
 1868 Mr. Bross built his extensive wagon shops in Ann Arbor, and at present 
 turns out some first-class work. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and from 1851 
 to 1858 was Treasurer of the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan. 
 
 Daniel B. Brown, retired farmer, was born at Plymouth, Windsor county, Vt. 
 June 12, 1805, and is the second son of Daniel and Polly (Jennison) Brown, natives 
 of Massachusetts. When Daniel was seven years of age, his parents removed to 
 wego, Broome county, N. Y . , eight years after ground had been broken on the famous 
 Erie canal. Daniel's father secured a contract on this stupendous work, and was 
 assisted by his son, until the completion of the canal, a period of seven years. He 
 took a drove of cattle to New York city, and after returning home, purchased a 
 canal boat, with horses, and engaged in trafiic on the Erie canal for some time. In 
 October, 1826, Mr. Brown came to Detroit with a boat load of salt. While stop- 
 ping at a public tavern in that city he was induced to take a look at Washtenaw 
 county. He did so, making the entire distance on horseback, arriving at Ann 
 Arbor village about nine o'clock at night. The next morning he walked out of the 
 vUlage and took a good view of the surrounding country. After a stroll of two 
 hours he returned to the old log cabin, kept by John Allen, ordered his horse and 
 started for Detroit, with a fixed determination that Washtenaw county should be 
 his futare home At Woodruff's Grove he met Lucius Lyons, then U. S. Surveyor, 
 afterward U. S. Senator, and they rode to Detroit together. When he arrived at 
 Detroit he sold out his cargo of salt, and returned to Lockport, N. Y . He dis- 
 posed of his interests in New York, and invested the proceeds in dried fruits. 
 Shipping the same to Ann Arbor, he embarked the same day, experiencing very severe 
 weather inhis voyage on Lake Erie. Arriving at Ann Arbor he rented a small frame 
 building about where the First National Bank now stands, using the fore part for a 
 store room, and therear part foradwelling. In 1837 his brother Anson camefrom New 
 York and brought with him the first general assortment of goods ever offered for sale in 
 Washtenaw county. The brothers continued in business together about four years. 
 His brother purchased the water-power of the Huron river, in 1850, about where the 
 Sinclair Mills now stand, and in connection with Col. Dwight Kellogg and Edward 
 Fuller, built the first flouring mill. Mr. Brown's business with the Indians was 
 quite brisk, there being comparatively few white settlers. Furs, cranberries and 
 wild honey, were frequently taken in exchange for goods and shipped to New York 
 city. In 1834, his brother Anson died. In 1838 he was appointed Sheriff of 
 Washtenaw county, by Gov. Johnson. The arrival of his commission was the first 
 intimation he had had of the proffered honor. He served with marked ability for 
 some three years. Shortly after the expiration of his term of ofiice he became 
 associated in business with John C. Mundy, a nephew of Gov. Mundy. The store 
 room was on the corner of Main and Ann streets, where now stands Hill's Opera 
 House. The Ann Arbor postofflce was in the store, Mr. Charles Thayer acting as 
 Postmaster, and also a clerk for the " firm . " They continued in this connection 
 for two years, when the partnership was dissolved. Mr. Brown received the 
 appointment of Superintendent of the now famous Michigan Central R. R., which 
 was then owned and operated by the State. The road had been completed to Ann 
 Arbor, and under Mr. Brown's eflicient supervision the work was pushed vigor- 
 ously forward, and the road built to Jackson. Mr. Brown remained in his official 
 position until the road passed into the possession of the present company. In 1851 
 Mr. Brown went to California, returning to Ann Arbor in 1853. He has been living 
 50 years at his present residence, and during all his business and mercantile life, 
 has never relinquished his farm, but successfully carried on the business up to the 
 present time. Mr. Brown was one of the original members in the organization of 
 the Baptist Church, of Ann Arbor, and has officiated as Trustee since its organization. 
 He was a Deacon in that denomination for 47 years, and as manv as 30 associate 
 57 
 
970 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTJNTT. 
 
 deacons have labored with him from time to time. He has made a very faithful 
 and efficient officer, and an earnest worlier in the cauae of Christ. Mr. Brown has 
 alwayd evinced a liindly disposition in all things worthy of his charity or benevo- 
 lence. He was one of the eight men who donated the land now covered by the 
 University of Michigan, and its buildings. Of these eight persons only three sur- 
 vive, E. W. Morgan, Capt. Charles Thayer and Daniel J3. Brown, all residents of 
 Ann Arbor tp. Mr. Brown was married in 1826, to Miss Ann Vickery, a 
 daughter of William Vickery, of New York. Of the G children sent to bless this 
 union only 3 are living — Lettie, wife of At wood Brooks, a learned professor at 
 Goliad, Texas; Mattie, wife of Dr. Wilder, of Chicago, Ills., and Lucy. One son, 
 Anson, was a Lieutenant in the Union army during the civil war, and was killed in 
 battle. James and Mary died in this county. Mr. Brown was formerly an " old- 
 line Whig," but was present at the organization of the Republican party in 1854, 
 at Jackson. Mich., and immediately enlisted under its banner, an act which has 
 never caused him one pang of regret, but filled his cup with joy many times. 
 Daniel B. Brown is an old and honored pioneer of Washtenaw county, and is proba- 
 bly known as well as any man within the limits of the county. He has passed the 
 greater part of his life here, and has always maintained a name for honesty, integ- 
 rity and uprightness, second to none. 
 
 A portrait of Mr. Brown is given elsewhere in this work. 
 
 William P. Brown, farmer, Ann Arbor tp.; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born at West 
 Walton, Norfolk Co., Eogland, Dec. 31, 1814. He received a limited education in 
 his native land, and spent his early life at farm work for various men at what 
 would now be considered, in this country, very poor pay. In 1837 he came to 
 America, arriving at New York June 15 of that year. He came ma canal and 
 lake to Detroit. Prom there he walked to Dexter, and when he arrived there he 
 had but one English half sovereign to begin life with in a new country. During 
 that summer he worked for other men, and in the fall of that year he, with Mr. 
 Harrison, purchased the w. half of se. quarter of sec. 6, Ann Arbor tp. To make 
 the first payment on this land, Mr. Brown turned in a watch for |20.00, which it 
 had taken the savings of four years' labor in England to buy. During the four 
 succeeding years he and Mr. Harrison kept bachelor's hall in a little house 12x15, 
 which they had built. June 5, 1843, he was married to Miss Nancy A. Yocum, of 
 Lyndon tp. To them were born 3 sons and 1 daughter. Of these, 1 son and 1 daughter 
 are now living. Mrs. Brown was a .'?ist( r of the Hon. John K. Yocum. of Lyndon 
 tp. She died Dec. 31, 1848. April 3, 1849, he was married to Miss Mary Foster, 
 of Lyndon. Her parents were pioneers in this county. To them have been born 
 1 son and 1 daughter, both of whom are living. Before coming to America Mr. 
 Brown was a member of the Methodist Church, and since coming to this country 
 has been connected with the Churcbi of that denomination at Ann Arbor. He 
 was a strong anti-slavery man, and was a Whig until the organization of the 
 Republican party, since when he has been a Republican. 
 
 Miss Carrie Bunker, dress and cloak maker, Ann Arbor, has been engaged in 
 this business since 1879, and enjoys an enviable reputation as a fitter and cutter of 
 more than ordinary ability. Miss Bunker is thoroughly systematic in her manner, 
 and enjoys the patronage of the leading fair sex of Ann Arbor and vicinity. 
 
 L'rwrence D. BarcJi, correspondent and author, was born in Seneca Co., N. Y., 
 in 1831. He removed to Lima, Mich., many years ago, where he received a liberal 
 education. He was married to Emily A. Dunning, a daughter of Zoda D. and 
 Mary (CoUamer) Dunning. In 1855 Mr. B. settled in Livingston Co., and after- 
 ward resided at Grass Lake and Clinton, and from the latter place he removed to 
 Ann Arbor, where he embarked in the grocery business. When the civil war com- 
 menced he enlisted, and served faithfully till its close. For nine years Mr. Burch has 
 been a correspondent of the Industrial Age, a paper originated by Dr. Ford, of 
 Dundee, aud now ably edited and owned by Charles Bliss, a graduate of Michigan 
 University. 
 
 Zenas Burd (deceased) was born at Westmoreland, Oneida Co., N. Y., Sept. 16, 
 1803. He came to Wayne Co., Michigan, in Oct., 1835. and was married to Amaa- 
 da Rider, Jan. 35, 1829. Eight children were born to this marriage — Francis E. , 
 Elizabeth Ann, Marietta, David Orville, George Alfred, Edgar Zenas, Ellen Maria 
 and Amanda Alice. Mrs. Burd died Jan. 29, 1848, and on Nov, 39, of the same 
 year, Mr. B. married Sally Ann Howard, of Salem tp., Washtenaw county. She 
 died June 6, 1853, and Mr. Burd was again married Dec. 18, 1853, to Eliza New- 
 man, a native of England, who settled In Northfleld tp. about 1835. Mr. Burd 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHII'. 971 
 
 lived in the latter township nine years after marriage, and then removed to Ann Arbor, 
 where he died in 1870. He was an earnest Christian, and an active member of the 
 M. E. Church, in which body he oiRciated as Trustee and Elder. He was a member 
 of the building committee that supervised the erection of their present handsome 
 structure on State street. 
 
 /. C. Burkhart (deceased) was one of the earlj' settlers of Washtenaw Co. He 
 was born in Germany, where he learned the carpenter and joiner's trade. He was 
 married in Freedom tp., to ^Im-j Fagle, and of the 9 children born to them, 4 are 
 yet living — Lydia, wife of T. Thompson, Ann Arbor ; C. F., Emanuel and Mary. 
 J. C. Burkhart, jr. (deceased), was born in this county in 1848, where he learned 
 his trade, and ultimately became one of the fii'st dealers in harues.s in the city of 
 Ann Ai'bor. He was very successful in his business, and when he died he left a 
 wife and 5 children very comfortably provided for. One of the sons, C. F. Burk- 
 hart, carries one of the largest stocks of harness in Ann Arbor. 
 
 Peter N. Burlinqame (deceased) was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., in 1806, 
 residing there until 1824, when he removed to Oneida Co., and engaged in farm- 
 ing. In 1833 he married Eliza Geer, a daughter of Tliomas Geer, a hotel pro- 
 prietor. In 1854, he settled in Ann Arbor tp., where he bought 160 acres of land, 
 mostly improved. Three years later, on account of ill health, he sold his farm, 
 and moved into Ann Arbor city, where he purchased valuable city property. He 
 died in 1880 at Ann Arbor. He was an honored citizen of Washtenaw Co., and 
 for nearly half a century a worthy member of the M. E. Church. Four children 
 survive him — Thomas, who married Kittle Holden, of Ann Arbor tp. ; Caisarine 
 Nichols, of Beloit, Wis. ; Mary E. Burt, of Northfield tp., and Imogene Sutton. 
 The elder of the children, Daniel, for many years a messenger on the C, M. & St. 
 P. R. R., was killed in a railroad collision. Charles E. (deceased) married Lena 
 Bartlett, of Ann Arbor. 
 
 William Button (deceased) was born in Madison Co., N. Y., in 1819, and grew 
 to mature years in ^ledina Co., and received a liberal education in the public 
 schools. At an early day he removed to Flat Rock, jMich., where, in 1867, he 
 was united in marriage to Mrs. Frances Perring, a daughter of Joseph Grove- 
 land, Canada. For a number of years Mr. Button was proprietor of the Good- 
 win House, a well-known tavern in the early days of Detroit. He subsequently 
 purchased a farm of 160 acres in Wayne Co., Mich. Thus has been briefly re- 
 corded a sketch of a man who, while unostentatious in his daily intercourse with 
 men, was uniformly respected in the several communities wherein he resided. 
 
 Dr. J. Calvert, practicing physician, Jackson, Mich., was reared in Canada, 
 where he received his literary education. He attended Michigan University at 
 Ann Arbor, and from there went to New York city, where he graduated from a 
 well-known Homeopathic medical college. He then located at Chelsea, in this 
 county, and there met with flattering success. In 1868 he removed to Jackson, 
 where his skill as a physician and surgeon have gained for him a lucrative prac- 
 tice. In 1860, at Oxford, Canada, he married Mary J. Burch, and 3 children have 
 been born to them — William B., an attendant at Michigan University, and Agnes, 
 a student at Union School, Ann Arbor. Mrs. Calvert is a native of Toronto, 
 Canada. 
 
 Horace Carpenter was born in Locke, Cayuga (now Tompkins) Co., N. Y., Dec. 
 1, 1805. He was raised a " farmer's boy," and assisted his father on the farm until 
 the age of 17. His early educational advantages were somewhat limited, but 
 possessing a remarkable thirst for knowledge, he was in the habit of sitting in the 
 corner by the old Dutch oven, and poring over the pages of the family Bible or 
 some old history, his only light being the warm, red glow' from the old-time fire- 
 place. At the age of 17 he engaged in the carpenter and joiner's trade, and 
 labored faithfully at this branch of business for over 15 years. In 1836 his father, ■ 
 Ezra Carpenter, was seized with the " Western fever," and determined to see for 
 himself the wonderful country which had caused so many to forsake comfortable 
 homes in the East, and take up their abode in the fair and beautiful region. 
 Horace accompanied his father, and in May of the same year they arrived at 
 Detroit. Remaining there but a short time they proceeded westward to this 
 county during the summer season. Mr. Carpenter and his son were well pleased 
 with the new country and its few but hospitable inhabitants, so they both decided 
 to cast their fortunes for the remainder of their lives with the citizens of Wash- 
 tenaw county. Mr. Carpenter settled in Pittsfield tp., and being a surveyor 
 assisted in locating many of the farms of this county. He was a member of the 
 
972 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 First Presbyterian Cburcli of Ann Arbor, and was soon selected as Elder, faith- 
 fully discharging the duties of that office until the autumn of 1829, when, on the 
 organization of a Church of that denomination at Ypsilanti,he, from a high sense 
 of duty, sacrificed his private feeling, and removed his membership to the latter 
 place. In his new Church relation he sustained the offices of both Elder and 
 Deacon until the time of his deatli, this latter sad event occurring Feb. 17, 1841. 
 Mr. Carpenter was a faithful Christian, and an earnest worker in the vineyard of 
 our Lord. He was a very benevolent man, and a warm supporter of anything per- 
 taining to truth and morality. He labored hard to improve the land in the locality 
 wherein he resided, and the county in general, and his loss was deeply mourned 
 by all the citizens of " fair Washtenaw." 
 
 Mr. Carpenter was married Sept. 30, 1826, to Miss Celia Bradley. There were no 
 children born to Mr. and Mrs . Carpenter, Ijut they took under their care and pro- 
 tection 4 little ones, 2 of whom were adopted, and lived to see them grow up 
 honored and respected by all. Mrs. Carpenter was a native of Lee, Massachusetts, 
 but her parents removed to another part of the State when she was an infant. She 
 was laid at rest in this county. May 35, 1878, after a life of well-spent usefulness, 
 and died in the hope of a blissful immortality. Mr. Carpenter was married again on 
 Oct. 1, 1879, to Miss Ann A. Stevens, of Lodi tp. She is a native of Geneva, N. Y., 
 and emigrated with her parents to this county at an early day. She is a very estima- ^ 
 ble lady, and one well fitted to be the helpmate of this worthy and honored citizen. 
 Mr. Carpenter was a member of the Free-Soil party in early times, and was their 
 candidate for Sherifl" when there were but six persons who voted that ticket in 
 Washtenaw county. He was Supervisor for a great many years, and in 1863 was 
 elected County Treasurer. He then removed to Ann Arbor, where he has since re- 
 sided. Mr. Carpenter was a firm and uncompromising anti-slavery man, and assisted 
 to a great extent in molding the minds of the people in favor of abolition of that 
 cursed evil. In connection with Munnis Kenny he founded the Washtenaw 
 County Mutual Insurance Co., that now numbers its members by hundreds, all of 
 the first citizens of this prosperous county. He is a life-member of the Washtenaw 
 County Agricultural Society, and was its President for three years. While officiat- 
 ing in this position, the Society purchased their beautiful grounds in the city 
 of Ann Arbor, and erected the handsome buildings that adorn the place. Horace 
 Carpenter is traveling down the hiU of life very fast, and his locks are frosted 
 with the snows of many winters, yet he still retains the greater part of his mental 
 and physical faculties. Before many years the footstep that in days of yore was 
 heard along the busy streets of Ann Arbor, will be listened to no more ; the 
 voice of him who proclaimed the right ofi the colored man to be free and 
 independent, will be hushed forever; the form that was wont to mingle with the 
 poor and the needy, the joyful and the sorrowful, the rich and the poor, will be 
 laid away in the silent tomb; but the consolation to the numerous friends and ac- 
 quaintances will be found in these beautiful lines: 
 
 We will meet you again, wliere we never grow old, 
 By tlie river ot lUe, on the streets made ol gold. 
 
 Mr. Carpenter is an active member of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County, and 
 a member of the Historical Committee, and in that connection has assisted the pub- 
 lisher of this work to a great extent in collecting and preparing the manuscript; and 
 as a member of the Revisory Committee, he has worked faithfully and earnestly. The 
 pubUshers wish to return thanks to this noble pioneer for his efforts in behalf of 
 the pioneers and compilers of this volume. 
 
 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter will be found on pages 510 and 511 of this 
 work. 
 
 Will Gasparv, baker and grocer, Ann Arbor, was born in Germany in 1843. 
 He married at Detroit. Mich., in 1868, Catherine Meuth, a native of Germany. 
 Five chidren have been sent to bless this alliance. Mr. C. is a member of the 
 Roman Catholic Church, and an excellent singer, having held a position in the choir 
 of that Church for several years. He established his present business in 1876, and by 
 hard work has built up a very remunerative trade. 
 
 Dr. Alvin Wood Chase, physician, and author of the celebrated Dr. Chase's 
 Receipt Book, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1817, son of Benjamin Chase, 
 of Massachusetts. When Alvin was 11 years old his parents located near Buffalo, 
 ]Sr. Y., where he grew to manhood, receiving a very limited education in a log 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 973 
 
 school-house. His desire for l^nowledge was so great, coupled with an ambition 
 peculiar to his naturally energetic disposition , that he far outstripped his more 
 dilatory companions of that humble institute of learning. When 17 years old he 
 left New York and found emplojTment on the Maumee river, in the meantime 
 devoting his spare moments to study. In 1840 he located at Dresden, Ohio, where, 
 during the spring of 1841, he married Martha Shutts, daughter of Henry and 
 Martha Shutts, natives of New York. To this noble and high-minded wife and 
 mother may be attributed much of the success that followed Dr. Chase during 
 his long and eventful career. From the days of his boyhood the Doctor always 
 evinced a desire to study medicine, and accordingly awaited with impatience the 
 time when he might become a member of the medical fraternity. After many 
 wanderings he settled at Ann Arbor, in 1856, when to his intense delight he was 
 enabled to vigorously prosecute his studies in what was to be his future life-work. 
 He attended lectures and studied laboriously during the years 1 857 and 1858, in 
 the meantime graduating from the Eclectic Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio, Prior 
 to 1869 he traveled over a large ijortiou of the Union, practicing his profession 
 and acquiring valuable knowledge, only gained by practical experience, 
 which proved a good foundation for the wonderful book which afterward gained 
 such great celebrity. His first edition, like all subsequent ones, proved a great 
 success, and soon placed him on the high road to fortune, as it were. In 1864 he 
 built the first part of that magnificent structure that still bears his name. It stands 
 on the corner of Maine street and Miller avenue, and was completed in 1868. At 
 this latter date some 50 hands found constant and remunerative employment 
 within its walls, and the hospitalitj' and liberality of the Doctor to his employes 
 and the citizens of Ann Ai'bor, were always subjects of admiring comment. In 
 1873 he published his second edition, of which over 60,000 copies were sold, and 
 it is safe to remark that over a million copies of this wonderful work have found 
 their way into the homes of this and foreign lands. A few years ago Dr. Chase 
 was considered one of the wealthiest citizens of Ann Arbor ; losses by thousands 
 and tens of thousands have reduced his finances, but in heart, action, and manli- 
 ness of purpose, he stands to-day a conspicuous example of what energy, perse- 
 verance and indomitable will may accomplish. He has long been identified 
 with the Methodist Church of Ann Arbor, to which he has from time to time 
 donated large sums of money. He was once nominated for Mayor of Ann Arbor, 
 but business compelled him to decline the generous honor. The storms of life 
 have swept with almost resistless fury around the now aged physician, and a few 
 of the prejudices that characterize the human family, have perhajis found a rest- 
 ing place within the heart of this philanthropist ; and yet, when the last chapter 
 shall have been entered in the ledger of life, the account will probably have been 
 equally balanced ; and when the last rites shall have been performed, and the 
 aged veteran laid away beneath the shadow of the silent tomb, it may be literally 
 and truthfully said, that he lived " with malice toward none, and charity to all." 
 Charles Oridley Clark, Postmaster, Ann Arbor, was bom in Webster tp., Wash- 
 tenaw county, June 4, 1831, and is a son of Rev. C. G. and Elizabeth (Piatt) Clark, 
 natives of Connecticut, of English ancestry . His parents were married in Ann 
 Arbor, never having met each other until a few months before marriage. In 1829 
 Mr, Clark came to this county and settled in Webster tp. Mr. Clark received his 
 primary education at the district schools, and prepared for college under f rof. Nut- 
 ting, at the Lodi A cademy . He entered the sophomore class of the Western Reserve 
 College at Hudson, Ohio, remaining there one year. He then returned to Michigan 
 and entered Michigan University, in the junior class, graduating from that institu- 
 tion in 1854. While in college Mr. Clark's eyes failed him, and after graduating he 
 returned to the farm, and remained there until the fall of 1860. He then entered the 
 employ of the Ann Arbor Journal, and in October, 1868, entered the office of the 
 Aon Arbor Courier. In January, 1869, he became assistant editor, continuing as 
 such until the following September, when he assumed editorial charge. He remain- 
 ed in the latter position until May, 1874, when he was appointed, by President Grant, 
 Postmaster of Ann Arbor, which position he has since filled. Mr. Clark was for- 
 merly a Whig, but was a member of the convention which met at Jackson, July 6, 
 1854, and where the great Republican party was formed. He was Justice of Peace 
 in Webster tp. for some years, and served in the same ofiice at Ann Arbor from 
 1866 to 1870. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church for 29 years, and 
 Deacon and Trustee for 11 years. Mr. Clark was married Jan. 15, 1856, to Arabella 
 H. Matthews, daughter of Solomon andArabella Matthews, pioneers of Webster tp. 
 
974 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 They have 3 children— Esther A, Assistant Postmaster; Alice E., wife of 0. C. 
 Huff, of Ann Arbor, and Marian A. 
 
 Oen. Edward Clark, of Ann Arbor, was born at Derby, New Haven Co., Conn., 
 Feb. 5, 1807. His parents were Samuel P. and Hannah (Gibbs) Clark, old resi- 
 dents of that State. Wlien he was butachild his parents removed to Skaneateles, 
 N. Y., where he was chiefly educated. Soon after his father died, and his mother 
 went to live with her brother, near by. In 1821, by tire, his mother lost quite 
 heavily, and Mr. Clark left school to take care of liimself. He engaged in a store 
 at Auburn, where he remained two years and then went into a business house at 
 Skaneateles, where he remained a year. His liealth failinij:, he was advised to 
 change, and he accordingly shipped on a vessel from New York and passed the 
 next nine months on the sea. In 1826 he came West to Detroit, and in 1827 re- 
 moved to Ann Arbor, bringing his mother and sister. With tlie early militia of 
 the State lie was connected, and Gov. Mason commissioned him General. Dur- 
 ing the Black Hawk and cholera troubles, he was called out, and in the latter, 
 did active duty in keeping persons suspected of infection, away from Ann h rbor. 
 He was appointed Register of Deeds for this county in Feb., 1835, by Gov. Mason. 
 The April following, the office was made elective, and he was elected to it. After 
 one and a half j'ears service, the State was admitted to the Union, and at the next 
 general election he was again elected to the office for two years. Gen. Clark was 
 the first Register of Deeds in Washtenaw Co., the title of office having previously 
 been Register of Probate. As Principal and Deputy, he was connected with it 13 
 years. Wlien he took tlie office there was but a single index made, of foolscap 
 paper sewed in pasteboard covers. He introduced the double-index system now 
 in use. Previous to 1827 Washtenaw and Wayne counties were connected for 
 judicial purposes, and the records kept together. He wentto Detroitand searched 
 out those of this county, and entered them in the Detroit Transcript, in the office 
 of the Register of Deeds at Ann Arbor. In 1840 was appointed Deputy Marshal 
 to take the census of 11 towns in this county. Next he engaged in mercantile 
 and also in the forwarding business. In 1843 he was appointed agent of the M. 
 C R. R. at Ann Arbor, which lie held for a time. Later he was in a store for a 
 time and then went out on the Kalamazoo river in charge of a saw-mill. In 
 1855 he returned to Ann Arbor, and since then has remained there in various oc- 
 cupations. He has filled the office of Justice of the Peace nine years, at various 
 times. Dec. 6, 1841, he was married to Miss Julia A. Hickcox, of Ann Arbor, 
 whom he knew as a cliild in New York. To them have been born 3 children, of 
 whom but 1, a son in business in New York city, is living. 
 
 Gen. Clark has, for many years, been connected with the Episcopal Church of 
 this city. In him the city has always had a warm and active i'ri end ; a man of 
 warm heart and undoubted honor, he has won for himself a host of friends. 
 
 Oeorgb W- (Jlark, proprietor feed stable. Second sireet, between Huron and 
 Washington streets, Ann Arbor, was born at Sherbon, England, in 1811. In 1837 
 he went to Canada, and for a period of 10 years was a non-commissioned officer 
 in the British army. In 1848 he settled in Ann Arbor, where he entered actively 
 into business, and since that time has been an energetic and public-spirited citizen 
 of Ann Arbor. While living in Canada, he married Sarah Neal. They have 3 
 children — George W., jr., Sarah A. and Mary E. 
 
 G-e: rge Olarkeii, Ann Arbor, was born at Crosses of Robertstown, County Meath, 
 Ireland, in 1844. In 1851 his parents came to America. Tlieir first j^ear in this 
 country was spent in New York city, and the four succeeding years in Jersey 
 city. In 1856 they came to Ann Arbor, where George was educated in the pub- 
 lic scliools. In 1861 his father died in this city. When about 13 years of age he 
 began working with A. A. Perry, aud learned the trade of brickmason and plas- 
 terer. In 1867 he went West working on contracts on the Union Pacific Railroad 
 in Nebraska, Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming and Utah. He was present at the 
 driving of the golden spike near Green river, where the two ends of the road met. v 
 He then returned to Ann Arbor and began contracting and working at his busi- 
 ness, which he followed until 1872. He then started in the grocery business on 
 Ann sireet in this city, and followed it seven j^ears. The next year foimd him 
 again contracting, and in that year he built himself a fine house on Ingalls street, at 
 a cost of $4,000. He also bought and repaired a number of houses in this city. 
 In the fall of 1880 he purchased the old store of J. W. Maynard on Main street, 
 which he repaired and re-fitted. He opened a fine billiard room therein, and 
 fitted it up for the satisfaction of those who enjoy "chasing the ivory over the 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 975 
 
 green." Feb. 22, 1870, he was married to Miss Mary Hoban, of Ann Arbor. To 
 them has been born 1 child — Mai-y, born Jan. 1, 1871. 
 
 Clayton & Kline, agents in Ann Arbor for the Parisian Steam Laundry, are 
 doing a large and remunerative business. In the short time that has elapsed since 
 their entry into Ann Arbor, they have succeeded beyond their most sanguine 
 expectations. All their work is done by the widely known Toledo Steam Laundry, 
 and they enjoy a good trade. 
 
 Joseph Clinton, merchant tailor, Ann Arbor, was born in Mead, Ireland, in 1831, 
 and is a son of Owen and Ellen J. Clinton. He grew to manhood and was edu- 
 cated in the common schools of his native land. In 1851 he went to London and 
 thence to New York, working at his trade in both cities. In 1852 he came to 
 Detroit, and from there to Ypsilanti. He returned East, but came to Michigan 
 soon after, and worked a short time at Ann Arbor, and from the latter place to 
 Lafayette county, Wis , where he remained some time, and permanently located 
 in Ann Arbor in 1859 In 1860 he married Mrs. Jane Currans, of Irish descent, 
 and a native of Vermont. Her parents were William and Mary Currans. Six 
 children were given to this couple — Mary, Elizabeth, Jane, Lawrence, Ann and 
 Joseph. He worked for William Wagner for a number of years, but for the last 
 two years has been in business for himself 
 
 Benjamin F. Cocker, D. D., LL. D., Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy 
 in the University of Michigan, was born in Yorkshire, England, in the year 1821. 
 His father designed him for one of the learned professions, and gave h-im the 
 advantages of a good English education at King James' Grammar School. Having 
 a decided taste for a business life, however, he was placed in a German-bjisiiress 
 house, where he laid the foundation of correct and methodical habits. He after- 
 ward engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods, in which business he remained 
 for seven years. In 1850 failing health compelled him to seek a change of climate. 
 He started for Australia, and after the hardships of a 16 weeks' voyage, found 
 himself measurably restored to health. He remained about one year at Laun- 
 ceston, Tasmania, as the agent of an English shipping house. When-gold was 
 discovered in Victoria, he removed to Melbourne, where he for four years carried 
 on a large and suceessful mercantile business, and manifested very marked 
 ability, not only as a business man, but also in the various public affairs with 
 which he was connected. The great panic of 1856 proved disastrous to his busi- 
 ness, and after losing nearly all of his apparently ample accumulations, he pur- 
 chased a small vessel, and went on a trading voyage to New Zealand, Tonga, 
 Feejee and Tahiti. While in Feejee he, with a companion, fell into the hands of 
 cannibals. Their fate seemed sealed ; already the death f ong which was to precede 
 their being killed and devoured was commenced, when, by a courageous effort, 
 they succeeded in breaking through the weakest part of the line, and escaping to 
 their boat. After barely eluding the savages he had, on the same voyage, a 
 narrow escape from shipwreck, but finally reached Australia in safety. He then 
 engaged as clerk in a lumber yard for a time. He then took the same vessel in 
 which he had formerly sailed to the scene of his adventures with the cannibals, 
 and started for the Friendly Islands. He went ashore at Tonga and sent the 
 vessel on to Lakemba, one ot the Feejee group, where she struck a reef and went 
 down, the crew being saved. He returned to Australia and found employment at 
 Sidney as a wharfage clerk. After three months he started for Callao, Peru. 
 From Callao he went by way of Panama and Aspinwall to New Orleans ; then up 
 the Mississippi to Cairo, and from there by rail to Chicago. His funds were 
 exhausted, and he endeavored to find temporary employment in Chicago, but 
 failed. Hearing of an old friend who had, while a missionary, been a recipient 
 of his bounty, and who now resided at Adrian, Mich., he started for that place. 
 One of his children died on the journey, and he found himself on his arrival at 
 Adrian, with a wife and 3 helpless children depending on him for support and a 
 dead child in his arms. This was in 1857. In Adrian he found true friends, and 
 the Presiding Elder of that district in the Detroit Conference appointed him as 
 Pastor of the M. E. Church at Palmyra. From Palmyra he went to Adrian, 
 Ypsilanti, Ann Arbor ; then again to Adrian, back to Ann Arbor, remaining in 
 each place as long as the rules of his Church would permit, and winning the 
 respect of every community in which he lived. In the conference of 1869 he was 
 appointed to the pastorate of the Central M. E. Church of Detroit. In a few weeks 
 he resigned this charge to take the chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy in the 
 
976 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 University of Michigan, to which he had been elected in September, 1869, and 
 which he fills at the present time. 
 
 The Wesleyan University conferred on him the degree of M. A. in 1864 ; A sbury 
 College that of D. D., and he was further recognized by receiving the degree of 
 LL. D. from Victoria College, Ontario, in 1874. Before his connection with the 
 University, Dr. Cocker contributed quite extensively to the Methodist Quarterly 
 and other journals. But his chief literary work has been done since his connec- 
 tion with the University. In 1870 he published " Christianity and Greek Philos- 
 ophy;" in 1873, "Lectures on the Truth of the Christian Religion;" in 1875 
 " Theistic Conception of the World ; " since then, his " University Lectures," 
 " Evidences of Christianity " and " Handbook of Philosophy," all of which have 
 been well received and most flatteringly noticed by literary journals in this coun- 
 try and Europe. The style of his writings is of rare beauty. He is firm in ex- 
 pressing his opinions, fearless in defending his positions, yet courteous to all his 
 opponents. The greater part of his work has been done while laboring under 
 intense physical suffering, j'et he never complains. In appearance Dr. Cocker is 
 intellectual and venerable. He is at once unpretending and striking, nearly six 
 feet high, rather slender, with a strongly marked face, a large, kindly, penetrating 
 dark eye , the whole countenance indicating an admirable blending of strength 
 and benevolence. His whole life has been marked by a pure, childlike faith in 
 God. In the " Shadow of the Rock " he has found rest when troubles have come 
 upon him. Through his own trials he has learned to sympathize with the un- 
 fortunate and troubled, and those who come to him for sympathy or advice ever 
 find in him a ready adviser and a sympathizing friend. Dr. Cocker and his esti- 
 mable wife, who, for 37 j'ears, has been the companion of his eventful life, and 
 who has tenderly cared for him in his physical feebleness, have 3 sons, surviving 
 a family of 7 children. Both are graduates of Michigan University. The eldest, 
 William J. Cocker, has been for a number of years Principal of Adrian High 
 School. Henry R. Cocker is connected with a business house at Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Orin 0. Gollier, retired merchant, was born at Bennington, Vt., in 1808. He 
 lived in liis native State till he was in his 14th year, and then went to Rochester, 
 N. T., where he worked at shoe-making for some years. While a resident of the 
 Empire State, he married Ruth Trumbull, and 2 children were given to them. 
 In 1839 Mr. Collier removed to Owosso, Mich., where he became extensively 
 engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes. In 1887 Mrs. C. departed this life, 
 and two years later Mr. C. married Mrs. Caroline M. Gregory, relict of Herman 
 Gregory. She is a daughter of Elisha Smith, a former well-known resident of Ann 
 Arbor, who was born in Connecticut, and settled in Washtenaw county, about the 
 year 1845. In 1847 Mr. Collier moved to Ann Arbor, and first worked as a journey- 
 man, subsequently conducting a large establishment of his own. He retired from 
 active business life many years ago, on account of ill health. 
 
 Oeorge Collins, for many years a well known merchant of Ann Arbor, was born 
 in that city in 1831. His father, Charles Collins, was a native of England, and 
 settled at Detroit in 1835. He was a brewer and baker by trade, and died of cholera 
 in the latter named city some years ago. George grew to manhood in Detroit, and 
 located in Ann Arbor in 1 85';!. T he same year he married Sarah Randall, a daugh- 
 ter of AVilliam and Emeliue Randall, early residents of this county. They have 3 
 children — Adelbert and Dora. 
 
 Thomas Mclntyre Cooley was born at Attica, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1834. His father 
 was a farmer, descended from an early New England family of farmers. After a 
 very good academic education, he taught school for three terms, and in September, 
 1843, began the study of law with Hon. Theron R. Strong, of Palmyra, N. Y.,after- 
 ward one of the .Judges of the Supreme Court of that State. In September, 1843, 
 he removed to Adrian, Mich., where he completed his law studies with Tiffany & 
 Beaman. He was admitted to the Bar in January, 1846, and became, for a time, 
 the partner of Judge C^. A. Stacy, of Tecumseh, but returned to Adrian in 1848, and 
 took part in the political campaign of that year as a supporter of Van Buren. At 
 Adrian he was a member of the firm of Beaman, Beecher & Cooley and afterward 
 of Cooley & Crosswell. In 1857 he was elected by the Legislature to mate the first 
 compilation of General Statutes of the State, which was completed in a year. In 
 January, 1858 he was appointed by the Supreme Court as reporter of its decisions, 
 and in that office he published eight volumes of reports. In 1864, on the decease 
 of Mr. Justice Manning, he was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court by a vote 
 of 80,491. Ex-Gov. Felch, who was the opposing candidate, received 68,898. 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 977 
 
 He was re-elected in 1869, over D. Darwin Hughes, and again, in 1875, over Henry 
 F. Severens, by a large vote. In 1859 he was chosen by the Regents of the Uni- 
 versity, with James V. Campbell and Charles I. Walker, to organize the Law De- 
 partment of that institution, and removed to Arn Arbor for that purpose, where he 
 has since lived, giving instruction regularly in the Law Department. In 1877 he 
 was invited by the Trustees of the Johns Hopkins University to give a course of lect- 
 ures in Baltimore, and in compliance, lectured for four weeks. In 1878, on a 
 second invitation, he gave a course of lectures in that University, on the new 
 Amendments to the Federal Constitution. In 1868 he published his Treatise on 
 Constitutional Limitations. Since then he has published a Treatise on the Law of 
 Taxation, and another on the Law of Torts. He has also edited an edition of 
 Blackstone's Commentary, of Story on the Constitution, and of Harrington's 
 Chancery Reports; and was editor of the law articles in the second edition of the 
 American Encyclopedia. He has also written largely for Reviews, sometimes 
 over his own signature, and sometimes not. Judge Cooley married Mary E. 
 Horton at Adrian, Dec. 80, 1846, and has had 6 children, all of whom are now 
 living, and 2 of them are men of family. 
 
 Mrs. F. L. Cooper, dress and cloak maker, Ann Arbor, was born in New York, 
 and has been a resident of Michigan for over 45 years. She has been remarka- 
 bly successful as a land speculator, and in her present business, which was estab- 
 lished in 1877, has shown vmusual skill. 
 
 William Cope?aft(?, contractor and builder, Ann Arbor, was born in Lincoln- 
 shire, England, in 1834, where he also received his education. When he was 15 
 years old his parents came to America and located in the town of Lyndon in 
 this county. They remained there but two years, and moved to Livingston Co. 
 In 1852 the subject of this sketch came to this city, and two j-ears later began to 
 learn the ti'ade of carpenter and joiner. Since 1865, has been engaged in con- 
 tracting and building. His specialty is fine inside work and cai"ving, but he also 
 does outside work. Many of the besfresidences in this city contain the work of 
 Mr. Copeland. He is an active worker in the Red Ribbon Club, of Ann Arbor, 
 of which he is a member. In 1856 he was married to Miss Ellen Corr, of Ann 
 Arbor. To them have been born 2 sons and 1 daughter. Of these, 1 son and 
 the daughter are living. 
 
 Ira Oornwell, one of the oldest residents of Ann Arbor, is a native of the Em- 
 pire State, and was born at Rochester in 1817. In 1825 his father came to this 
 county and located land at Ann Arbor, and in 1826 brought his family to this 
 place. He has been a pioneer in Western New York, and had teamed from Al- 
 bany to Rochester. He kept the second hotel kept in this city. He died in this 
 city in 1833. In this city, the subject of this sketch was educated and learned 
 the trade of carpenter and joiner, and has followed that vocation to the present, 
 except eight years spent on the ocean, during which time he visited Europe, 
 South America and other lands. He is connected with the Odd Fellows, and 
 his father helped organize the first lodge of Masons in Ann Arbor. Sept. 
 17, 1846, he was married to Miss Lucinda Hurd, of Seneca Co., N. Y. To 
 them have been born 5 children, 2 sons and 3 daughters. Of these, 1 son and all 
 the daughters are living. By faith Mr. Cornwell is a Baptist, and is a member of 
 the Baptist Church in this city. His mother was one of the six persons who 
 formed the first Methodist class in Ann Arbor, which was the foundation of the 
 M. E. Church in this city. 
 
 Adolph B. Covert, naturalist and taxidermist, Ann Arbor, is a native of this city, 
 
 and was born A. D. . In this city he was also educated. Following his 
 
 natural taste he made a special study of natural history. In 1880 he taught 
 natural history as far as pertaining to ornithology, at Albion College. As a nat- 
 uralist he has made quite an extensive reputation He has made a collection of 
 birds of this county numbering many species. He has published a list of the birds 
 of Lower Michigan. The Michigan notes in the work entitled "Nests and Eggs of 
 American Birds," he furnished; also an article on Kirtland's Warblers in the Birds 
 of Eastern North America, by C. J. Maynard. The list of birds and animals in 
 this county in this work are furnished by Mr. Covert. Mr. Covert is a contributor 
 of the Chicago T'VeW, forest nnd Stream, Science Newa, American Naturalist, 
 The Oologi-t, Naturalist and Fancier, Science Goss'p, of London, and other period- 
 icals. In 1876 he was elected a corresponding member of the Nuttall Ornithologi- 
 cal Society, of Cambridge. Mass., and is also a corresponding member of the 
 Linnean Society of New York city . 
 
9T8 HISTORY OB- WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Norman B. Covert^ Ann Arbor, was born at Union Springs, Cayuga Co., N. Y., 
 Jan. 16, 1819. He was a son of Anthony Covert, an old resident of Cayuga Co., 
 who died tliere in 1877. Mr. Covert was educated in the common schools of 
 that vicinity, and when 14 years of age was apprenticed in the mercantile busi- 
 ness. He followed it about 14 months, and becoming tired of the business 
 started out for himsell', going into Tompkins, Seneca and Cayuga counties, where, 
 during the summers, he worked at carpentering. During the winters he studied 
 medicine under Drs. Bowles, King and Hamilton,of Auburn. In 1840 he traveled 
 in business in the South and West. Returning to New York he remained four 
 years at Canandaigua. In 1842 he was licensed to practice medicine by the State 
 Medical Society, although he never practiced. At Canandaigua he taught dur- 
 ing the winter months, and in summer worked at his trade. In 1844 he came to 
 this county. After being at Ypsilanti, Yoi-k and Saline a short time, he came 
 to this city, which has since been his home. He began work at his trade here 
 and has done a large amount of building in this citj' and vicinity. In 1846 he 
 was married to Miss Ann L. Baldwin, of Ann Arbor. To them were born 2 sons 
 and 1 daughter, and the 2 sons are living. The eldest son, Alphonse, has 
 secured quite a reputation in the legitimate drama under the name of Fred Fel- 
 ton. His second son, Adolph, is mentioned elsewhere in this work. Mr. Covert 
 has sei-ved his town as Clerk and School Inspector. He has been for some years 
 connected with the I. O. O. F. in this city, and has been connected with the 
 County Pioneer Society since its organization. He is an active member of the 
 Agricultural and Pomological Societies of this county. 
 
 Michael Cowan, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 1, Ajin Arbor tp. ; P. O., Ann Ar- 
 bor ; was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., in 1817, sou of Peter and Bridget Cowan, 
 who settled in the State of New York about 1810. Michael was 15 years old when 
 his parents moved to thiscoaut}', and settled at "Dixboro Plains." The farm com- 
 prised 220 acres, 100 of which were improved, with a small orchard set out, and 
 two log houses erected thereon, and was the first farm purchased in that section 
 of the county; Mr. Cowan became the owner of nearly a section of land, 
 and at one time ranked among the most extensive farmers of this coiraty. 
 He died in 1840, leaving a family of 8 children, namely — Mary, Burris (deceased), 
 P. Cowan, Ann, wife of John Ryan, of Livingston county ; John (deceased), maiTied 
 Delphina Swift ; Peter, a resident of ^lexico; Catherine, wife of Richard Good- 
 body, who died in California ; Jane (deceasecl), married William Rudd, of Ilhnois. 
 Michael grew to manhood in this county,and in 1849 married Eliza Shaughenessy, 
 daughter of John Shaughenessy,of Vermont. They have 5 children — Emily, John 
 A., Minnie, Allie and Bessie. Mr. Cowan is the owner of 178 acres of valuable 
 land, with a fine residence thereon, and possesses considerable city property. 
 
 Demmore C'rawiw was born in Onondaga county. New York, in 1830; when 
 he was 10 years of age his parents removed to Washtenaw county, Michigan. 
 He prepared for college at Nutting's Academy at Lodi Plains.and in 1852 entered 
 the IJniversity of Michigan. In 1854 he left this institution and went to Hanover 
 College, from which he graduated in 1856. He taught union school and preached 
 three or four years, when he went into the armj' in the fall of 1861 as Quarter- 
 master on General Curtis' staff. He held this position one year, when he came 
 home sick. He began studying law with Hiram J. Beakes, entering the law 
 school of Michigan University in 1863 and graduating in 1865, since which time 
 he has been practicing at Ann Arbor. His oftice is located at No. 6 Washington 
 street. He also has a branch oftice at Dundee, Monroe county, Michigan. In 1856 
 Mr. Cramer was married to Miss Kate Twitchell, of Hamburg, ilichigan. To 
 them have been born 4 children, all of whom are living, the eldest being a gradu- 
 ate of Michigan University. Mr. Cramer is in politics a Republican, and was a 
 delegate to the convention that first nominated Lincoln. In 1877 he was elected 
 Mayor of Ann Arbor. 
 
 O. W. Ciup.iey, proprietor grocery and restaurant, Ann Arbor, was born in Madi- 
 son countjr, N. Y., in 1822, son of John G. Cropsey, an old resident of Ann Arbor, 
 91 years of age, who still retains his mental and physical strength to a great 
 extent. Mr. C. grew up in New York, and while living there married Miss Mary 
 A. Clark, and 1 child was born to them. Mrs. Cropsey died in this county, and in 
 1871 he married Margaret Hagen. In 1851 he settled at Green Oak, Mich., when 
 he turned his attention to farming, owning at the time 150 acres of well-improved 
 land. In 1867, he became aresicTentof Ann Arbor, first embarking in the prod- 
 uce business, but ultimately in the grocery and restaurant line, under the firm 
 name of Clark & Cropsey. Mr. Cropsey occupies his own building — 66x22 feet 
 
ANN AKBOE TOWNSHIP. QTO 
 
 andtwo-story, a substantial brick Structure, erected in 1879, and fitted up especi- 
 ally for his business. 
 
 iow/izo i>(H' s was born in Covington, N. Y., April 29, 1813, and is a son of 
 Jonathan E. and Hannah (Curtis) Davis, natives of Massachusetts. The former 
 pursued farming and teaching until Lorenzo was 10 years old, when he engaged in 
 the itineracy as "a Methodist Episcopal minister. In 183f*, at the death of his 
 mother, Lorenzo left his paternal roof and lived with a Mr. Norris, a mercliant of 
 Covington. Mr. Norris removed to Ypsilauti in 1838, and Mr. Davis accom- 
 panied him. He returned to New York in iy29 and again came to Michigan in 
 1831. In 1834 he obtained a license to preach, and was received into the Ohi» 
 conference, which then embraced the Territory of Michigan. He was pastor at the 
 following places: Plymouth Mission, Farmington circuit. Bean Creek Mission, 
 Coldwater circuit. Saline circuit. Dexter circuit, Manchester circuit and Oakville. 
 Failing health then induced him to locate. His ministerial labors above mentioned 
 covered a period of nine years. He came to Ann Arbor in 1845 and clerked in a 
 drug store for six years. In 1850 he was elected Register of Deeds, which offlce he 
 held for two years. He then published the Ann Arbor Journal for five years, 
 when he sold it and purchased the iocaZJTeics, and changed the name to that of th& 
 Michigan State News. He also ran this paper about five years. Since that time 
 he has been engaged in farming. He was married June 11, 1838, to Miss Minerva 
 Derby, a native of Vermont. They have 5 children — James E., William "W., 
 Charles H., Lorenzo and Walter C. William W. and Curtis are farmers, James E. 
 and Charles, printers, and Lorenzo, a graduate of the Michigan University, is in 
 California, and with others of his class has established " The Scholastic Gym- 
 nasium" at Berkeley. Rev. Mr. Davis yet lives, near Detroit, at the age of 93- 
 years, and still retains a perfect intellect and good health. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is the eldest of 10 brothers, 7 of whom are living. 
 He has held the offices of Town Clerk and Superintendent of the Poor. He has. 
 been a member of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw county ever since its organ- 
 ization, and is its present Secretary. He has been connected with the Agricultural 
 Society of Washtenaw county for 80 years, and was its Secretary for 10 years. He 
 took the census of Ann Arbor tp. in 1880. Before closing this sketch we wish to- 
 speak of the interest Mr. Davis took in procuring this history of Washtenaw 
 county. No man devoted morrf time or worked with greater zeal and earnestnesa 
 to have a full and authentic history compiled. Great credit is due him for his 
 untiring labor in this respect, and we wish to take this opportunity of thanking him 
 for the numerous favors conferred upon us from our entrance into the county until 
 the close of our labor here. We give his portrait in this book. 
 
 Rev. Benjamin Day, a supernumerary minister of the lower conference of New 
 Jersey, was born in Essex Co., N. Y., in 1807, and is a son of Rev. Stephen and 
 Elizabeth (Wood) Day. Benjamin grew to manhood in his native State. He pur- 
 sued aclassical course of study, and graduated from a well-known Eastern academy. 
 He was ordained for the ministry in 1834, and was first located atBloomfield, N. J., 
 where he ministered to a prosperous congregation. He also labored at Jersey City, 
 and at Milford, Pa. While a resident of New Jersey, he was united in marriage ta 
 Mary A. Taylor, a daughter of Moses Taylor. In 1871, owing to ill-health, he came 
 to Ann Arbor, where he has since resided. As a citizen and a Christian, he is re- 
 spected by all with whom he has had acquaintance. 
 
 George B. Day, farmer, sec. 26 ; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born in New Jersey, in 
 1828. He received his preliminary education in his native State, and at the age- 
 of 20 attended Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pa., graduating in 1849. He subse- 
 quently went to New Jersey, where he became a Professor of Greek and Latin, and 
 afterwards was engaged as an instructor at Wyoming Seminary. Mr. Day was 
 married in Pennsylvania, in 1859, to Miss O. W. Vaughn. They have 3 children. 
 While a resident of Paterson, N. J., Mr D . was President of the Board of Aldermen, 
 and for 10 years, was Assistant Cashier of 2d Nat. Bank, of that city. He was once 
 President of the Board of Education. . Since his residence in Ann Arbor tp. he has 
 devoted his time to farming, and at present possesses 62 acres of good farm land. 
 
 Silas Randall Day (deceased) was a native of Onondaga county, N. Y., where- 
 he was born in 1810. He grew to manhood and received a liberal education in 
 his native county, and in 1839 emigrated West, settling in Pittsfleld tp., Wash- 
 tenaw county. He rented a farm for five years of Jacob Ray, and at the expiration 
 of this time he had made enough money to purchase a farm of 70 acres. He 
 afterward traded this land for 120 acres lying in Indiana, and in 1844 he went to- 
 
980 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 tbat State, residing there four years. He then came back to Washtenaw county 
 and by purchases had increased his land to 176 acres at the time of his death. He 
 was living in York tp., when this sad event occurred, and was tenderly laid to 
 rest in .ludd Cemetery. He was 57 years old at the time of his death, and left a 
 good property for his bereaved family. He was married to Mrs. Sarah Day, born 
 m New York city, and a daughter of William and Susan Day. They had 10 
 children born to them, 5 of whom are living— Mary, wife of Jacob Kay, of Pitts- 
 fleld; Myron, William H., Agnes Thornton, of Ann Arbor, and Seward B. His 
 grandson, Brainard Day, resides at the old homestead. The names of the dead 
 are — Horace, died when 21 years old; George A., died at 19; Lottie, died in 1873; 
 Hattie, died in York tp., and Hiram, the eldest, who died in Pittstield tp. 
 
 A. DeForest, a pioneer of Washtenaw county, was born in Montgomery county, 
 N. Y., in 1819. In his native Stale he passed the days of his childhood and 
 youth profitably employed, and hence he secured the advantages of a good educa- 
 tion. In 1836 he concluded to emigrate West and try to better his fortunes in this 
 Western Territory. He located at Ann Arbor village, which then consisted of 
 only 11 houses. For the first 10 years of his residence in his new home, Mr. De- 
 Forest was a contractor and builder, erecting many of the substantial buildings 
 that now stand in the city. He engaged in the grocery, drug and agricultural 
 implement business, in all of which he was very successful. In later years he 
 invested his means in a book store under the Gregory House, and in 1875 went to 
 California, where he remained three years. 
 
 A. O. DeForest, farmer, sec. 25, Ann Arbor tp;. P. O,, Ann Arbor; was born in 
 Livingston Co . in 1814, and was reared and educated in that village. He was a 
 farmer's boy, but learned the brick-mason's trade, which he followed for sometime, 
 once being foreman in the construction of a large academy. He was married, in 
 New York, to Mary Beaman, a daughter of James Beaman. They have 1 child — 
 Mrs. C. B. Chapin, of Detroit. In 1855 Mr. D. came West and settled on his pres- 
 ent farm, where he has since resided. The place was unimproved, but the year 
 following he built a house and made several other useful improvements . He bought 
 44 acres when he first came, and later 118 acres, but by sales has reduced his acreage 
 to 80, constituting a nice, comfortable farm. He has filled several local offices to the 
 satisfaction of all, and was once a member of the I. O. O. F. 
 
 D. E. Donne is a native of Washtenaw Co., and was born A. D. 1836. He is a 
 son of John D. and Anna Doane, natives of Vermont, who came to this county 
 about 1824, before there was a frame house at Ann Arbor. John Doane has been a 
 farmer the most of his life, in Ann Arbor tp., and is now residing in Dexter village. 
 Mr. D. E. Doane grew to manhood in Dexter tp., and received a liberal education, 
 and went to school at one of the first school-houses built near there. He married 
 Miss Fanny Nash, daughter of Almaron and Sarah Nash, natives of New York 
 State, by whom he has 8 children — Clara, Ella and Maud. Beside the town prop- 
 erty of Mr. Doane he is also engaged in mining enterprises, and is connected with 
 eight different mines in New Mexico. 
 
 P. Donovan, merchant at Ann Arbor, Mich., is a native of Ireland, and was born 
 in County Cork in 1813. He lived in Ireland until he was about 18 years of age, 
 when he came to America. He made his home at Elizabeth, N. J., where he 
 engaged in farming until 1840. He then came to Michigan and located at Ann 
 Arbor. For a time he was engaged in various occupations, and in 1843 opened a 
 store in what is now the Lower Town of Ann Arbor. Since that time he has been 
 continually in business, and has been in trade at Ann Arbor about as long as any 
 merchant here. He has 9 children — 8 sons and 1 daughter. Of these, 1 son is in 
 the Government service as a Civil Engineer and Inspector of the work of Captain 
 Eads on the jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi river. Another is a Civil 
 Engineer at Lansing, Mich., and is in the Land Department of the Jackson, Lan- 
 sing & Saginaw railroad. Another is with Edgar S. Heaton, grocery broker at 
 Chicago. Three are at South Lyon, Mich., in business, and the remainder are at 
 Ann Arbor with their father. 
 
 A. 3f. Doty, boot and shoe dealer at Ann Arbor, was born at Rochester, N. Y., 
 in 1828. In 1836 his parents removed to Ann Arbor, Mich. Here he was edu- 
 cated and prepared for college in the then University Preparatory School. This 
 was in the first year of the University. When 15 years of age he entered the store 
 of his father in the boot and shoe trade. He remained with him until his death 
 in 1861, since which time Mr. Doty has carried on the business. He has customers 
 to-day who have traded with the house, father and son, over 40 years. In addition 
 
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 981 
 
 to his mercantile business he is carrying on a farm of 100 acres in Ann Arbor tp. 
 This is a fine grain farm, and in 1880 over 1,000 bushels of wheat were reaped from 
 it, besides other produce. In 1858 he was married to Miss Augusta Gardner, of 
 Northtield, Mich. To them have been born 8 children, 5 of whom are living. 
 He has held several offices of trust, having served as Clerk and Deputy Clerk of 
 Ann Arbor tp. 33 years. He was also Recorder of Ann Arbor two years in its 
 earlier history, 
 
 Samuel B. Boty, Ann Arbor, was born at Rensselaei-ville, Albany Co., N. Y., in 
 1803. His father, Wm. Doty, was an old resident of that locality, but a native of 
 Connecticut. His grandfather fought in the war of the Revolution, in which he 
 was an officer, and was for some time on the staff of Washington. Mr. Doty was 
 educated in the common schools of that time. When he grew to manhood he 
 went to Chenango and Niagara counties, N. Y., in both of which he dwelt for a 
 time. In 1836 he came to Michigan and for two years dwelt in the town of Pitts- 
 fleld, in this county. In 1838 he moved on a farm on section 30, of Ann Arbor, 
 veiy near to the city, where he has since lived. In that year he started a brick- 
 yard, and until 1873 was engaged in the manufacture of brick and tile. He has 
 once served his town as its Treasurer. In politics he was an old-line Whig, until 
 the formation of the Republican parly, when he united with that party. In 1833 
 he was united in marriage to Miss Hannah L. Kingsbury, of Crooked Lake, N. 
 Y. To them have been born 1 son and 4 daughters. The son, Duane Doty, was 
 bom in Ohio in 1834 ; he was educated at Ann Arbor, graduating from Michigan 
 University in 1856. Soon after he was made Superintendent of Schools in Detroit, 
 which position he filled 10 years. He then went to Chicago and for three years 
 held the same position in that city. He is now connected with the Pullman Car 
 Co., of Chicago. The daughters have acquired quite a reputation as writers, and 
 a more extended notice will be found in the chapter in this work on Authors and 
 Artists. 
 
 William O. Doty, Probate Register of Washtenaw county, was born at Man- 
 chester, this county, in 1853. He was educated at Tecumseh, and in his native 
 town, graduating from its high school in 1871. He then entered Michigan Uni- 
 versity, from which he gi-aduated as A. B. in 1875. He returned to Manchester and 
 was there Township Superintendent of Schools two years. During his last year 
 he was also Village Recorder. Jan. 1,1877, he was appointed Probate Register by 
 Judge Harriman, which position he still holds. In the spring of 1880 he was 
 admitted to the Bar. 
 
 Doctor Silas H. Douglas, .Ann Arbor, Mich., was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 
 in the year 1816, He received his elementary education there, and later prepared 
 for college at Fredonia Academy. He entered the University of Vermont, from 
 which he graduated, and later received the degree of Master of Arts. In 1838 he 
 came to Michigan, locating at Detroit, where he studied medicine with Drs. Rice 
 and Pitcher of that city. He entered the Medical Department of the University of 
 Maryland, from which he graduated as M. D. Returning to Detroit he was for 
 some time connected with the geological survey of this State, under Dr. Hough- 
 ton, and later was in the Government service as physician to the party under Mr. 
 Henry R. Schoolcraft, who were engaged in negotiating treaties with the Indians. 
 In 1843 he came to this city and entered into the practice of medicine, which he 
 followed but two or three years. In 1844 he was appointed Assistant Professor of 
 Chemistry in Michigan University, and in 1846 he was advanced to the full profes- 
 sorship of that chair. He held a number of other positions and professorships until 
 1875, when his connection with the University was severed. While connected with 
 this Institution he was largely interested in the organization of its Medical Depart- 
 ment, and organized its Laboratory, with which he was connected until he left the 
 University. Professor Douglas had charge of the erection of the University Ob- 
 servatory, Medical College, Laboratory, south wing of the main building, and water- 
 works, and other improvements in connection with the development of the institu- 
 tion. In 1874 and '5 the question of the disappearance of certain moneys arose. 
 This drew into question the management of the finances under the control of Doctor 
 Douglas, and an investigation was ordered. This investigation was sweeping, and 
 embraced all his financial operations while connected with the University, and in no 
 respect was any record or voucher of his rejected. The matter was carried into 
 various courts, and in a decision of the Supreme Court of this State, rendered Jan. 
 30, 1881, Doctor Douglas was completely vindicated. During two years he served 
 this city as its Mayor, and in that time the present police force was organized. In 
 
S82 mSTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 1861 he organized the present gas company of this city, with which he is still con- 
 nected. The erection of the Observatory was largely due to the personal efforts and 
 solicitations of Drs. Tappan and Douglas, the latter of whom had charge of the 
 erection of the building. He has also spent several seasons in exploring the mineral 
 regions of Lake Superior, in the interest of the University, and also the lands of the 
 Sault Ste. Marie Canal Company. During this time he made a large collection. 
 Nearly all of the mineral collection in the University Museum, except the original 
 " Lederer Collection," was made by him and presented to the University, con- 
 taining a full cabinet from the Lake Superior regions. Doctor Douglas is the 
 author of a system of Chemical Tables, for use in the Laboratory, which passed 
 through four editions, and subsequently, in connection with Professor Prescott, this 
 was enlarged into a work on Qualitative Chemical Analysis, which has passed 
 through three editions, and is now in use in Michigan University Laboratory and in 
 other laboratories in this country and Europe. May 1, 1845, he was manied to Miss 
 Helen Welles, of Ann Arbor. To them were born 3 sons and 4 daughters, all of 
 whom are now living. Nov, 24, 1880, Mrs. Douglas passed from this life, at her 
 liome in this city. 
 
 J B. Dow, contractor and builder, Ann Arbor, was born in Orange Co., N. T., in 
 1821, and is a son o' Asahel and Dolly (Blaisdell) Dow. When 13 years old, Mr. 
 Dow's parents moved toG-enesce county, where he learned his trade, and while re- 
 siding there, married Lucy D. Lmcoln, a daughter of C. J. Lincoln, of Vermont. 
 This marriage was blessed with 2 children — Hattie A., and C. L. Mr. Dow located 
 in Ann Arbor in 1851 and for many years has been profitably employed in the 
 construction and repairing of the University buildings. He ' aided in building the 
 Union school building, and Agricultural Hall, on the fair ground. 
 
 David B. iJowner (deceased) was a native of Niagara Co., N.Y.,where he was born 
 in Nov., 1794. He was in his 16th year when the war of 1812 broke out,^and dur- 
 ing this war officiated as a commissir}'. He settled in this county in 1825, where 
 a few years previous he bought land from the Government at 50 cents per acre. While 
 a resident of New York, he married in his native county, Nancy G-risette, by whom 
 7 children were born to him, only 1 of the number now surviving — Avery, a farmer 
 living at Grand Rapids, Michigan. Mr. Downer died in 1855 and was laid at rest 
 in this township. His wife still survives him, at the advanced age of 82, and is the 
 owner of valuable farm property. A niece of Mrs. Downer, who married Charles 
 C. Kelley, lives with her on the old homestead. 
 
 Alexander D'iiic%n (deceased) was a native of Paisely, Scotland, and a nephew 
 of Alexander Wilson, the famous naturalist. Mr. Wilson settled in Oakland Co., 
 Mich., in 1830, where he passed the remainder of his days. He was married to 
 Eliza Mehaffey, and 7 children were born to them, 4 of whom are living — James, a 
 farmer of Oakland county; Isabel, wife of .John Thompson, a resident of Northville, 
 and two others. Mr. Duncan was a man of unusual ability as a poetical writer. 
 
 Edward 8. Dunater, M. A., M. D., Aon Arbor, is the third child of Samuel and 
 Susan (Dow) Dunster, and was born at Springvale, Sanford county, Maine, Sept. 
 2, 1834 He was named for Dr. Edward Swift, an eminent physician of Easton, 
 Pa., who was an intimate and respected friend of his father. On the removal of 
 his parents to Providence, R. I., he eatered the public schools of the latter place, 
 and was admitted to the high school when 12 years of age. He entered Harvard 
 College in 1853, graduating with high honors in 1856. The title of his essay was 
 " The first President of Harvard College," but on commencement day he was ill 
 from a severe attack of typhoid fever, and unable to attend the exercises. Upon 
 his recovery in the autumn of that year, he went to Newburg, N. Y., and became 
 a private tutor to a son of Henry W. Sarge t, who resided in Pishkill, just across 
 the Hudson river. At the same time he begaa the study of medicine with Dr. 
 M. Stephenson, of Newburgh. His pupil, Sargent, was admitted to Harvard 
 College in July, 1858, and subsequently was a student in medicine with the 
 celebrated Prof. E. R Pea,9lee, of New York city, where he remained several years. 
 Dr. Dunster attended lectures at Dartmouth College in the summer of 1858, and 
 the following winter, at the New York College of Medicine and Surgery, graduating 
 from that institution in March, 1859, having received the highest prize awarded by 
 the faculty for proficiency in studies. After his graduation he attached himself to 
 St. Luke's Hospital, remaining there until the succeeding August, when he resigned 
 to accept the chair of Demonstrator of Anatomy, in Dartmouth College. He 
 occupied this position for some time, and then returned to New York city, and 
 resumed his profession. Aug. 5, 1861, he was commissioned Assistant Surgeon in 
 
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 983 
 
 the Union army, and aerved with General McClellan's command. He had the 
 establishing nf hospitals, and the charge of them, and was subsequently appointed 
 by General Roseorans, Medical Inspector, for the Southern halt of the department. 
 Hewas afterward breveted Captain, and Major,' U. 8. A., and before his resig- 
 nation, which occurred Feb. 1, 1866, he had successfully passed the examination 
 for promotion to the grade of full Surgeon. After resig ing, he went once more to 
 New York, and again established himself in the practice of medicine. He was 
 editor of the New York Meiicjl Journal from 1866 to 1871; about the same time 
 attending physician in the out-door department, Bellevue Hospital: was professor of 
 obstetrics, and diseases of women and children in University of Vermont, at Bur- 
 lington, for two years, resigning in 1871; occupied the same chair in the Long 
 Island College Hospital, from 1869 to 1874; in 1873 was appointed to the chair of 
 Obstetrics, and diseases of women and children, in the University of Michigan, at 
 Ann Arbor, which position he still occupies; is the author of " The Use of Forceps 
 in Abbreviating the Second Stage of Labor," ' 'The Prophylaxis of Puerperal Convul- 
 sions," and of an article in the U. S. Sanitary Commission Memoirs, entitled, 
 "Comparative Morality in Armies from Wounds and Diseases." He prepared an able 
 paper for the American Medical Association, against the restricting of students 
 from the irregular or exclusive systems of medicine. Dr. Danster was married 
 Nov. 4, 1863, to Rebecca Morgan Sprole, a native of Philadelphia, Pa. They have 
 4 children — Clara B., William S., Bessie M. and Annie E. 
 
 Thomas Earl, merchant and farmer, was born in Ireland, March 25, 1810, and is 
 a son of Patrick and Julia Earl. In 1839 he landed at Quebec, Canada ; from there 
 went to Montreal. After many miles of wandering he came to Ann Arbor in 1883, 
 and bought 200 acres of land from the Governmeijt, with Andrew Jackson's signa- 
 ture on the patent. In 1834 he married Mary Duncan. Mr. Earl was very am- 
 bitious, worked early and late, stored his mind with useful knowledge, and 
 thereby rapidly accumulated a fortune. Be has always taken a deep interest in 
 educational matters, and has filled many offices of trust in Northfield tp. He was 
 first Justice of ,the Peace of that town, and also served as an Assessor and School 
 Director Some years ago he was elected Alderman of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Nelson Eastwood, retired minister, Ann Arbor, was born near Brockville, Can- 
 ada, in 1810, and is a son of John and Charlotte Eastwood, the former a native of 
 New York, and the latter a native of Vermont. In 1813, he removed with his 
 parents to Watertown, N. Y., and thence to Livingston and Genesee counties. He 
 received an academic education, and at Middlehuiy, Conn., was ordained as 
 minister of the gospel of the Baptist denomination. In 1838 he came to Michigan 
 and subsequently preached to the people of Dexter, Washtenaw county. In 1839 
 he married ]\Iiss H. Collins, a daughter of Col. and Mary (Wade) Collins, who 
 settled in Michigan in 1831, where the former died at the age of 83, and the lat- 
 ter at 79. One child was horn to this marriage — John F. Eastwood, M. A., B. A., 
 Ph. D., and who holds a Professorship in Bethany College. Mr. Eastwood re- 
 tired from active service some time since, but during his long and eventful life 
 has done much good as a missionary of God. 
 
 Eberhach & Sons, druggists, 11 S. Main St., Ann Arbor, are among the leading 
 drug houses of Southern Michigan. The business was established in this city in 
 1848, where Christian Eberbach, senior member of the firm, began in a small 
 way in the drug trade. In 1848 Emanuel Mann was admitted into partnership, 
 the firm being Eberbach & Co., for a period of 28 years. At this latter time Mr. 
 Mann withdrew from the firm, and Ottmar Eberbach, a son of Christian, was ad- 
 mitted as full partner, and the firm name changed to Eberbach & Son. Ottmar 
 Eberhach is a gentleman of culture and rare business talents, who spent his 
 youthful days in the Ann Arbor schools, and ultimately graduated from a univer- 
 sity in Germany, where he also studied Latin, a knowledge of which has proved 
 almost indispensable in his present line of business. He married Katy Haller. 
 
 C. Eberhach & Son, dealers in hardware and cutlery, 23 and 24 S. Main St., Ann 
 Arbor, became established in this business in 1876, and under the live manage- 
 ment of its able members, a large trade has gi'own up, extending over many of 
 the southern tier of counties. A tin shop in connection is quite extensive, and is 
 kept busily engaged the greater part of the time. Ernest and Edward Eberbach 
 manage the establishment, while William Moore ably fills the position of book- 
 keeper. 
 
 Ohristian Eberbach, druggist, Ann Arbor, was born in Germany in 1817, and is 
 a son of Joseph E. and Henricka Eberbach. In 1838,and in his 21st year, Christian 
 
984 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 crossed the Atlantic, and landed at New York coming directl}' to Ann Arbor, 
 where he has since resided. Prom 1838 to 1841 he was employed as clerk in a 
 drug store owned by William S. Maynard. In 1843 he married Margaret Lau. 
 bengayer, and 8 children have been born to them 6 of whom survive. Ottmar, 
 who married Katy Haller, daughter of Jacob Haller, received his preliminary ed- 
 ucation in Ann Arbor, and subsequently graduated from a foreign university- 
 Edward, who married Maltie Bodwell, Mary, wife of Charles Klotz, a resident of 
 Canada, Ernest, Clara and "Willie. One son died at the age of 20, and 1 child in 
 infancy. Two of the sons, Edward and Ernest, are engaged in the hardware busi- 
 ness in Ann Arbor. 
 
 Anton Eisele, dealer in monuments and tombstones, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 Germany in 1840. In his native land he learned marble-cutting and shoe-making. 
 Many years ago he located in Ann Ai-bor, and entered into partnership with his 
 brother John, in the business he is now engaged in. The brothers, by honest and 
 skillful workmanship, succeeded in building up a large trade. J\Ir. Eisele finds 
 a ready sale for his superior monumental Avork in all parts of Michigan. He 
 married Mrs. Eliza Gardner, a daughter of Joseph Seabolt. They have 5 chil- 
 dren — Frank, Carrie, Mary Arm, Charles and Eliza. Mr. Eisele is a member of 
 the choir in the Roman Catholic Church of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Joseph J. Ellis, retired carriage-maker, Ann Ai'bor, was born in New Jersey 
 in 1829. At the age of 23 he went to Ohio, where he worked at his trade for 
 several years. In 1864, he came to Ann Arbor, and the same year began to manu- 
 facture carriages, which business proved very successful in a financial point of 
 view. In 1867 he married Caroline Pomeroy of Vermont. They have 2 chil- 
 dren — Hudson P. and John A. 
 
 Fred Esslinger, Ann Arbor, is a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, where he was 
 born in 1850. He was educated in his native land, and learned the trade of ma- 
 chinist. He was also engaged in locksmith and knife making. In 1870 became 
 to America. He located at Clinton, Michigan, where he followed the business 
 of blacksmithing until 1874, when he came to Ann Arbor. He was employed by 
 Mr. Fred Wurster until 1878, when he opened his present blacksmith and wagon 
 shop. Mr. Esslinger is a member of the German Methodist Church of this city. 
 He is an active worker in the cause of temperance in the city, and holds an offi- 
 cial position in the Ann Arbor Reform Club. 
 
 James Fair, retired farmer, was born in Ireland in 1808. Three years later 
 his parents, Thomas and Ann Fair, crossed the ocean and settled in New York, 
 where they passed the remainder of their lives, the former being an excel- 
 lent carpet-weaver. James passed his early life in the great metropolis. When 
 10 years old he was apprenticed to a harness-maker in Orange count.y, N. Y. In 
 1835, in Columbia county, he was married to Susan Mead. Eight children were 
 born to them, 2 of whom died in infancy. One son, Andrew, J., a soldier in the 
 civil war, gave up his life in the prison on Belle Island. William resides upon 
 the old homestead. The other members of the family are — J. W., J. E., S. A. 
 Downer, Martha E. and Hiscock H. In early days Mr. Fair took considerable 
 interest in military aifairs. In 1873 he disposed of some valuable property in 
 Ypsilanti, and moved to Ann Arbor, where he now enjoys the benefits of a well- 
 spent life. 
 
 Charles Fantle, dry-goods dealer at Ann Arbor, >[ich., is a native of Austria, 
 and was born in 1830. He was educated in his native land, and when 15 years ot 
 age he came to America. He came at once to Washtenaw Co., and spent a few 
 months at Ypsilanti. He then came to Ann Arbor where he engaged in business 
 for himself, selling goods in the surrounding country with a horse and wagon. He 
 followed this business for about eight years and acquired means enough to open 
 a permanent business in the city. Since that time he has carried on a constantlj' 
 increasing trade. In connection with his dry-goods business is a millinery 
 department under the direction of Mrs. Fantle. In 1862 he was married to Miss 
 Virginia Gregor, a native of Austria. To them have been born 4 sons, all of 
 whom are living. 
 
 Mrs. Julia Farmer, relict of William Farmer (deceased), was born in Lehigh 
 Co., Pa., in 1820. At the age of 11, her parents came to Ann Arbor, where Mrs. 
 Farmer resided for a number of years. While at Stockbridge, Ingham Co. she 
 was united in marriage to William Farmer, a mechanic and agriculturist, well 
 known for his industry and upright character. He died March 24, 1859, at Stock- 
 bridge, and was laid at rest in Livingston Co. To his worthy wife he left a farm 
 
^ V 
 
 / 
 
 ^^ ^^^J 
 

 
 
 ■ u. 
 
 ■^dcl^ 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 989 
 
 of 120 acres. There were born to this couple 3 children — Nellie, wife ofWill- 
 iam i: alley, andjohn, a resident of Stockhridge, who married JIaria Helmer. 
 Mrs. Parmer remembers many incidents of pioneer life — that life which many 
 had to endure, accepting with thankfulness the blessings which it brought in their 
 early residence in this fair region. Her daughter, j\Irs. Nellie Bailey, previously 
 mentioned, is a hair-dresser in Ann Arbor, having located in that city in 1875 
 She is very skillful at this business, and enjoys a remunerative trade. 
 
 Hon. BetUuel Farrand was born in the parish of Whippany, in the town of 
 Hauover, in the State of New .Jersey, June 13, 1783. He was a direct descendant 
 of Nathaniel Farrand, whose name appears as one of the planters who came-to 
 Milford, Conn., in 1645. A portion of this family by the year 1667, with others 
 from Branford and Guilford, removed to Newark, New Jersey, forming the 
 " New Work Settlement" (as it was for some time called), where only Church 
 members were admitted to citizenship. Each one of the settlers of this company 
 had asix-icre home lot besides broad meadow lands along the Passaic, and wood- 
 lands back of the town. Before 1710 a few of these Newark pioneers had pushed 
 up the Passaic and settled on the banks of the Whippenong, west of the great 
 mountain Watchuog (now Orange mountain). This settlement so begun was 
 called the Parish of Whippany, and the strip of territory between the two rivers 
 was called Hanover Neck. Here many years of his boyhood and early youth 
 were passed in the family of his uncle, Hon. Aaron Kitchel, of whom it is 
 recorded, in a memorial over his grave, that "he was for 36 years a member in 
 the State and National Councils." Prom this uncle he learned the blacksmith 
 trade, and soon after becoming 31 went to the then new section of Cayuga county, 
 New York, where he was for several years employed by the Montezuma Salt 
 "Works Company, as overseer. He purchased a farm in the town of Aurelius 
 (then a portion of Auburn, New York), and was married in 1811 to Miss 
 Fanny Marilla Shaw, of the same town. From this union were born — Lucius 
 S. Farrand, who will be remembered as a pioneer of "Washtenaw county; 
 Jacob S. Farrand, long a well-known resident of Detroit ; Caroline, the wife 
 of the Hon. D. C. "Whitwood, of Detroit; Marilla, who married the Hon. 
 Andrew Parsons; and Bethuel Clinton, who is one of the pioneers of St. Clair 
 county, residing at Port Huron. In the early part of 1831 he was by the death 
 of his wife left with the care of his young familj-. In 1833 he was married 
 to Deborah Osburn, of Cayuga county, by whom he had 3 sons — Kitchel, 
 who engaged in mercantile business and died in Dexter some 26 years ago ; 
 James B., who was an engineer in the U. S. Navy during the war of the Rebellion 
 and since that time has been a merchant at Port Huron, and David Osburn Far- 
 rand, who was a Surgeon in the army during the last year of the late war, and who 
 since that time has been a well-known ph3'sician of Detroit. Mrs. Farrand is now 
 in her 87th year and resides in the family of one of the sons in Ann Arbor. Mr. 
 Farrand remained upon his farm in Cayuga countj^ until the spring of 1835. In 
 the early part of that year his attention was attracted to the then new Territory of 
 Michigan, and with a view of obtaining a contract or entering into an arrange- 
 ment for supplying the city of Detroit with water. In January of that year he 
 traveled on foot by the south shore of Lake Erie from Aurelius to Deti'oit, and on 
 Feb. 17, 1825, he submitted to the Common Council of that city his proposition 
 for supplying the city with water. "A meeting of the Freemen of the city " was 
 called and held in the council-house on the 19th and 31st of February, 1835, and 
 the matter duly discussed and considered, and on the 33d day of the same month 
 was passed "an act granting to Bethuel Farrand and his legal representatives the 
 sole and exclusive right of watering the city of Detroit," after which Mr, Far- 
 rand, having succeeded in his object, returned to his home on foot, going through 
 Canada. In Maj', 1835, he, with one Rufus "Wells, arrived with their families in 
 Detroit and entered at once upon the construction of their work for watering the 
 city. In the fall of 1835 Mr. Farrand transferred to Mr. "Wells his interest in the 
 enterprise and removed with his family to Ann Arbor. The removal was made 
 in a scow or flat boat, with which he came down the Detroit river as far as Flat 
 Rock, and then up the Huron river 30 miles, at which point further proceeding 
 with the scow was found impracticable, and a wagon and oxen were obtained and 
 the journey to Ann Arbor by the Huron river, through what is now Ypsilanti 
 (which then had but two families), was completed. At Ann Ai-bor before his com- 
 ing were settled about 14 families. Temporary quarters in two small rooms were 
 obtained for the family and effects, in which they remained until a shanty could 
 
 58 
 
990 HISTORY OF WASHTENAM' COUNTT. 
 
 be erected into Vrhich to repair until a dwellina; house could thereto be added. 
 Mr. Farrand was the first Probate Judge elected in "\Vashtena-n- county, and the 
 first session of that court was held on the 2d day of April, A. D. 1S2T. at which he 
 presided as Judge. At the first meeting of the Presh\-terian society of Ann Arbor, 
 held on the fourth3Iondayof September, A. D., 1827" (as it appears by the records 
 of that society), Mr. Farrand was chosen Moderator, and when that "society was 
 organized he became one of its Board of Trustees and was elected Treasurer. 
 
 In the spring of 1828 he purchased a farm two miles east of Ann Arbor, on the 
 Dixboro road, and in the fall of that year removed with his family to the fann 
 where he lived till his death, which occurred in July, 18o2. 
 
 In connection with farming, he attempted making successful the culture of 
 silk; with this end in view he set out about eight acres of land with white mul- 
 berry trees, which were so cultivated that a very vigorous gi-owth was obtained, 
 and in about the year 183T he produced and manufactured about 30 pounds of 
 sewing silk of excellent quality. In order to encourage him in the matter of silk 
 manufacture, the State of Michigan, by an act of its Legislature, loaned him the 
 sum of S800 without interest. "\Vith this money he obtained skilled labor and 
 approved machinerj- from Connecticut, which was then a silk-producing State, 
 and faithful trial was made to ascertain whether the climate and soil of Michigan 
 were adapted to the production of silk. The climate T\'as soon found to be^too 
 severely cold for the mulberry tree, most of his trees dj-ing in the winter of 
 1837-'8, and he felt obliged to give up the business of producing silk and tm-n his 
 attention to crops known to be compensating; he paid up from "the product of his 
 farm in 1840 the §800 loaned him by the State for the silk experiment. !Mr. and 
 Mrs. Farrand were among the original members (of whom there were 17) of the 
 First Presbj'terian Church of Ann Ai'bor. Mrs. FaiTand has, for many years, been 
 the sole surviving member of those Church pioneers. She yet retains her facul- 
 ties for conversation and remembering extremely well, and still enjoys letter- 
 ■nTiting to an unusual extent. Mr. Farrand, soon af{er the organization of "the Ann 
 Arbor Church, became one of its elders, and so remained till the time of his death, a 
 period of more than 21 years. He was liberal in his religious views, generous 
 and hospitable to friends and neighbors, honest and fair in all his business trans- 
 actions, and as a citizen, was exemplary and much esteemed. 
 
 Zvlr. Farrand's portrait is given in this book. 
 
 Hon. Alpheus Felch, LL. C, ex-Governor of Michigan, Ann Arbor, was bom 
 at Limerick, Me., September 28,1806. His grandfather, AbijahFelch was a soldier 
 in the Revolution ; and. when a young man, having with others obtained a grant of 
 land between the Great and Little Ossipee rivers, in Maine, moved to that region 
 when it was jet a wilderness. The father of Mr. Felch embarked in mercantile life 
 at Limerick. He was the first to engage in that business in that section, and con- 
 tinued it until his death. The death of the father, followed within a year by the 
 death of the mother, left the subject of this sketch, then three years old, to the care of 
 relatives, and he found a home with his paternal grandfather, where he remained 
 until his death. Mr. Felch received his early education in the district school and a 
 neighboring academy. In 1821 he became a student at Phillips Exeter Academy, 
 and, subsequently, entering Bowdoin College, graduated with the class of 1827. 
 He at once began the study of law and was admitted to practice at Bangor, Me., in 
 1830. He began the practice of his profession at Houlton, Me., where he remained 
 until 1833. The severity of the climate impaired his health, never very good, and 
 he found it necessary to seek a change of climate. He disposed of his library and 
 started to seek anew home. His intention was to join his friend Sargent S.Pren- 
 tiss at Vicksburg, Miss; but on his arrival at Cincinnati, Mr. Felch was attacked by 
 cholera, and when he had recovered sufficiently to permit of his traveling, found 
 that the danger of the disease was too great to permit a journey down the river. He 
 therefore determined to come to Michigan. He first began to practice in this State 
 at Monroe, where he continued until 1843, when he removed to Ann Arbor. He was 
 elected to the State Legislature in 1835 and continued a member of that body during 
 the years 1836 and 1837. During this time the general b»nking law of the State 
 was enacted. He was convinced that it would be of great damage to the people and 
 his was the only voice raised in opposition to it in either branch of the Legislature, 
 and but two voted with him in opposition to the bill. This bill gave birth to the 
 numerous progeny known as " wild-cat " banks, and the country was soon flooded 
 with depreised "wild-cat" money. Early in 1838 Mr. Felch was appointed one of 
 the Bank Commissioners of the State and held the position over a year, during which 
 
ANN AKlUiU TOWNSIUl-. flDl 
 
 tlnui llic I'Miinlmiliimsor lli(> liiuik I'limmiMsioiu'i's lii-inii;hl lo lii;lit luinu'nms rnuuls 
 whii'li wi'i'i' U'lU'lcssly ovposi'il, ll\o u'uilty pMi'lics imiNCculcil, iiml niiiiiy of Ihcir iii- 
 sliMilinns cIommI. Im lf-l'>' Mr. I'dch whs ii|ipouili'(l Amlilur OciUM'iil o[' Mm Sliilr: 
 hul ilI'liT ImliUiiy ll\o olUoo only 11 lew wtcUn, wmn cimuuissioiUHl by llic (lovrriior 
 MS one of lilt' .liulnTs of I lie Siiprciut' l\iurl, lo l\ll ii viii'iuu'V ciuisi il by llir rcNinnii- 
 IliMi 111' .liulni' l''U'lclit'r. Ill .liiiniiiry, ISI;!, he wiis cU'i'ti'd In llic riiilccl Siali'S 
 Si'iiillo I'oi' im uiu'\pin'il U>rm, In ISI.'i lu> wiis t'li'clcti (Jovcnior of 
 MirliiijiUi, tiiul I'lili-rcil upon his (inlii's al Ihc I'oninn'nci'nunl of tlio ncxi 
 yi'Mr. in IS 17 lie wms I'U'cIrd m Scnulorin Coniirt'SH f(irsi\ yciu-s; iuul ill once rclin'il 
 from Ihi' olUcc ol' (ioviM-nor, by ri'siynnlion, whn^li look olVcrl. Miiivh I, ISi;, wlion 
 liis si'nnloriiil lorni coinnu'nri'il. WliiU- ii nu-mbcr ol' Ihr SimimU' lio lU'lcil on llio 
 ('onimllli'i' on I'liblio l.inuls, niul lor lour ycMis w:is ils rliiiirniau. In isrilihc wiis 
 iippolnli'il 011(1 ol' ||u> Coinniissioni'rs lo luljusl luul sclllc Ihc Spiinisli lUul Mi'\ic!in 
 lilinl chiinis in l^ililornia, where hi' wi'nl in ISril! iinil was niiiile I'resiijenl of the 
 I'oinniission. In Miireli, lS5ll, Iheir hlbors were siilisl'iielorily Ihiislieil. In June of 
 Uiiil year Mr. l'"eleh reluriieil lo Ann Arlmr, where he has siiiee been einjau'eil prinei 
 pallv in lei;al hiishiess. Siiiee liis reliini he has been niiiniimleil I'or (iovernor anil also 
 for \ . S. Seiialor, .ami Iwiee for.Iiulije ol' the Supreme ("onrl. Imh' many years was 
 one ol' Ihe lu-i^enls of Mieliiijan I'niversily, and in Ihe aprinji'of IS);) wiia iippoinled 
 Tappaii I'rol'essor of I, aw in the siime, Mr. Im'U'Ii is Ihe oldest snrviviiif;' Member of 
 tlui I.eiilslalnre from Monroe I'o., Ihe oldest and only survivinn' K.ank Coiumissioner 
 oflheSiate, Ihe oldest siirvivint; .Vmlilor (ieneral ol the Slate, Ihe oldest snrviviiif;- 
 (iovernor of Ihe Stale, the oldesf surviviiiij; .lndj;e of Hie Supreme I'onrI vif Miohi 
 san, rtiul Ihe oldest snrvi\inn' l'. S Si nator from Miehi^an. 
 
 .\ porlrail of (!ov. l''eleli appears in this volume. 
 
 L.uiihcrt Fi'ilk.iDi)) ^deeea^ed) was a native ol ^Vurlember^', (iermanv, where 
 lie was hoi'ii in ISIT. Mr. bV i^row lo manhood, and was edneatinl in his n.ali\e 
 liiiul. lleeame lo lliis eoiinly al an early dale, and pureh.iseil Sd aeres of liind 
 I'roin (!oviirnuu>nt, loealed in l''reedoiii Ip. Oiirinu' his life he aeeuniulated ', 10 
 aeres ot' land, iliiil at Ihe lime of his death, w hieli oeeiirred in ISI'J, owned this 
 lari;e traet ol' hind, whieli I'ell lo his heirs, Mrs, V. is still li\ini;', and resides in 
 Saline. Henry KeldUamp, Ihe t'onrlh ehilil ot'the deeeased, h.as t'ollowiHl farmim;- 
 h-oiii boyhood, in whieli oeeupalinn he has been \erv sneeesst'ul, amoii^- Ihe more 
 pilhlie spiriled eili/ens of ,\iiii .\rbort|i. In is;il lie married l.ibbie Hissiiijjer, 
 a daiiuhler ol' Conrail Ibssiimer, Mr. l'\ owns I l."i , aeres of riehly eullix ati-d laiiil, 
 
 ./,',';« /■'/.'./, ol' Ihe linn ol' l'"ield iV llunl. u.as titters and plumbers, .\nn Arbor, 
 was horn ill \Voree>li'r.-.liire, Kinrliind, in IS'.'O, (!row inn lo inalniv \ ears in his 
 niltive land, he there reeeived a liber:!! ediieation. In ISI.'i he eanio lo .Vmerie.a, 
 and lirsi jellied in I'lilield, Conn,, ,at1erw,ard iemii\ in^' lo 'Phoniiisom ille, ol' the 
 same Stiite, where he beeanie en!;,ined in llui wea\ in^' of carpets, iveeiviiiix wliihi 
 llllis enuaui'd an ordi'i' I'roin I'resii'lcnl Volk, who shortly aflei' his in.auji'ur ition 
 bewail the task of reAiniishinsf the ^\ Idle House, b'or a period ot' si\ years M r. 
 Field resided in (onneellenl, then located alliroeii I'oiiil, l.oim Islniid, where he 
 learned i;as llllinj;', and in Ihe I'onr \ ears of his n'sidenee there was employ ed ;il 
 an evtensive !;,as works, and obtained ,a larue praetieal evperienee in steam, ^as 
 tlllinu, and iilnmbiiis;'. In bS'iS he settled al .\nn Arbor, and in ISliii embarked in 
 his present liusiness, whieli li;is pro\eii veiv sneeesst'ul. In is;i ho married 
 Kraee.lewell. I'liey lia\elehild l.iUioMiiy. 
 
 />((', ll'm, ./. AV, r/< . parish priest ol' St. riiomas' r.arish, .\iiii ,\rbor. Alieli., is a 
 naiivo of (Jermany, and was born in the \ ear IS.'i'.V He passed 'hroimli the ole 
 nientary schools of his nati\ e plaee, and ill ISlilicame lo ,\ineriea. He al once 
 went lo rittslniri;', Ta , w here he for a lime allend(id Ihe hisjli school, then en 
 tcred S,aiiil Micliael's Seinin,arv, iieiir riltsbur>;. He attended this inslilulion 
 llu'ee \ eai's, , and Iheu went lo Milwaukee, \\is., where hii eiitoi'cd St, Kr.ancis' 
 Seiniiiary, where li(> remiiincd iiulil .Imie, is;ii, w lieu ho w as ord;iincd lo the 
 priesthood. His lirsI appoinlmciil was as assistant in Si, \incent's Parish at He 
 tri'it, where he rcnuained aboui si\ moiilhs. From there he wciil lo 'MarshaU, 
 Mieli,, where ho ministoreil to Ihe peiiplo about two ;md one half years. ,\l\er a 
 vaealionol'a t'ew months he, on the death of llio Ke\ . Father Vau Ih'p, w.as sent 
 to ,\mi ,Vrbor, and shoi'lly jiOer eomiiii;' here was eonllrmed as Ihe reunlar Friesl 
 ofSi. 'riiomas' Parish, 
 
 n well known eiii.u-n 
 0(1 ,a e'Oiid liter 
 
 Ol .-'1. I nomas i arisii. 
 
 (>Viir,Vf^ h'is,-/i<r ^deeeasedl, I'or over a ipiarler of ,a eenlnrv a well 
 of .Vim ,Vrbor, was horn iiUiermany, ami in his native \aiiA reeeivi 
 
992 HISTOET OF WASnTENAW COtTNTY. 
 
 ary education. In 1835 lie came to America, and first worked in New York city 
 for tlie small sum of |5 per month. Tlirougli tlie influence of the Weidemans, 
 a family well-known in the county in early days, he came to Ann Arbor. He first 
 was employed by the male members of the above named family in the 
 slauglitering business, and in a short time purchased tlieir store and trade, and 
 was very successful throughout his long business career in this cit}'. In 1871 he 
 erected the costly residence where Mrs. Fischer now resides. On Feb. 12, 1876, 
 while traveling for his health in Europe, and en route for Italy, he was suddenly 
 taken ill, and died in a short time. In 185.5 he had married Maiy Ann AUmen- 
 dinger, a daughter of George AUmendinger, who was among the first settlers in 
 this^county. Mrs. Fischer became a resident of this county in 1833. 
 
 Thomas Fit-.siinmom, farmer, sec. 3, Ann Arbor; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born at 
 Southport, Chemung Co., N. Y„ Aug. 14, 1800. He was there educated and reared. 
 He followed farming in that county until 1844, when he came to this county. He 
 located a farm where Ann Arbor now is and which has been cut up into city lots. 
 In 184S he moved to his present home. May 18, 1836, he was married to Miss Eliza 
 Waters, of Seneca Co., N, Y. To them have been born 3 sons and 6 daughters. 
 Five of the daughters are married and livine in this county. The other lives in 
 Clinton Co. Of the sons, 1 lives in Ingham Co,, 1 in Baton Co., Mich., and 1 in 
 Canada. In politics ilr, F. was an old Anti-Mason, later a Whig, and is now a 
 Republican. 
 
 John Flynn, proprietor wood yard, Ann Arbor, was born in County Tipperary, 
 Ireland, in 1834. He attained his 24th year in his native land, and in 1848 crossed 
 the ocean for America. He first located at Ann Arbor, where he worked for some 
 time by the day, and then found profitable employment in sinking wells. In 1848 
 he married Ann Ryan, a daughter of John Ryan, a native of Ireland, They have 
 7 children — John, Daniel, Hannah, Edward, Willie, Ann and Sarah. Mr. Flynn is 
 a good business man, and a mt-mber of St. Lawrence Benevolent Society. 
 
 Joseph F. Foley (deceased) was born in County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1831. 
 He lived for some time in both Lancastershire and London, and became employed 
 as a tailor and cutter, proving himself to be an excellent workman. He moved to 
 Ann Arbor, and at a trial of workmanship among his trade, he carried off the prize. 
 In 1863 he enlisted in Co. K, Mich. Mounted Rifles, and serving through the war, 
 was honorably discharged at Washington, D. C. In 1855 he was united in marriage 
 to Bridget Clancy, a daugther of Michael Clancy, who settled at Ann Arbor as early 
 as 1836. Mrs. F. was educated in Ann Arbor, and was an accomplished lady in 
 every respect. She died May 13, 1873. Seven children were born to this marriage, 
 5 of whom are living — Minnie E., Lizzie .1., Clara J., Frederick R,, and John W. 
 Edward J. and Joseph E. are deceased. 
 
 Richnrd Foley ( deceased ) was a native of County Wicklow, Ireland, where 
 he "^vas boj-n Sept. 31, 1837. At the age of 16, he left his native land for America, 
 and first settled in Detroit, where he secured profitable employment as a tailor and 
 cutter. He was a good workman, and secured a lucrative situation in Rochester, 
 N. Y., wliere he remained for some time, subsequently moving to Pontiac, Mich., 
 where he lived till he removed to Ann Arbor. He was married in 1855 to Mary 
 A. Clancy, daughter of Michael Clancy, a pioneer of this county, and an old 
 resident of Ann Arlior. Three children were bom to them — Edward, the hus- 
 band of 3Iaggie Fitzgerald, Jlinnie and Clarence. Mr. and Mrs. Foley were for 
 many years members of the Roman Catholic Church, and in 1864, Mr. F.'s 
 spirit passed away from earth, and his remains were laid at rest in the Catholic 
 cemetery of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Prof. Gorydon L. Ford, M. A., M. D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, was 
 born at Lexington, Greene Co., N. Y., Aug. 89, 1813. His parents were Abner and 
 Catherine (Print) Ford, natives of New Jersey, and of English descent. They re- 
 moved to Otsego county, N. Y., when Prof Ford was but ayear old. He was reared 
 on a farm, and received his preliminary education in Canandaigua Academ}'. He 
 graduated from the Geneva college of medicine, in January, 1843, and remained 
 tliere as Demonstrator of Anatomy until 1848. He then accepted the chair of 
 Professor of Anatomj', atCaselton Medical College, remaining there over 12 years. 
 He was appointed to fill the same chair in the University ^f Michigan, in 1854, 
 holding that position until 1861. He was appointed Professor of Physiology, in 
 the Maine Medical College, at Brunswick, Maine, several years ago, but resigned 
 in 1870. In the meanwhile he was appointed to the same chair in the Longlsland 
 College, at Brooklyn, N. Y., which position he still fills. He was appointed in 
 
ANN ARBOE TOWNSHIP. 993 
 
 1880, to the chair of Physiology in the University of Jlichigan, in addition to his 
 chair of ^Vnatomy, and now holds the double position of Professor of Anatomy and 
 Physiology. In" 1865 he married Mrs. Eunice (Chapman) Messer. They have 
 3 adopted children — Lillie and Fannie. 
 
 Isnac N. S. Fo/iter, Supervisor of Ann Arbor tp., ivas born at Royalton, Niagara 
 Co., N Y., Dec. 10, 1S27, and is a son of Lemuel and Abi (Fenn) Foster. His father 
 ■was born in Massachusetts, March 12, 1793, a son of Lemuel and Dolly (Davis) 
 Foster, who were the parents of 6 children, 5 sons and 1 daughter: Gustavus, who 
 was born in 1818, and died in 1876, was a Presbyterian minister of marked ability, 
 and once elected as Regent of the University of Michigan; Ulysses T. has been 
 Superintendent of the wagon manufacturing department of ilichigan State Prison 
 at Jackson for over 35 years ; Julius A., an artist, resides at Adrian, Mich. : Jones, a 
 lawyer, resides at Lyons, "Wayne Co., N. Y. ; Isaac N. S., who lives on the old 
 homestead. Palunia A. died in June, 1840, at the age of 18 years. The elder 
 Mr. Foster came to Washtenaw county in 1836. He was married in Ne-iv York, 
 Oct. 6, 1817, to Abi Fenn, who died in this county in October, ,1855. Mr. Foster 
 was again married in August, 1856, to Filinda Green, widow of Ebenezer Green, 
 of Salem tp. ; both are residing with Isaac N. S., on sec. 28, this township. Mr. 
 Foster was Highway Commissioner for over 20 years, and was instrumental in 
 locating the principal streets of Ann Arbor city. Isaac N. S., (he subject of this 
 sketch, received his education in the district schools, and a select school at Ann 
 Arbor. Since he was of age he has had the management of his father's estate, 
 comprising 240 acres of fertile land in Ann Arbor tp. Mr. Foster has sei-ved his 
 fellow citizens as Township Clerk for Ave years. Commissioner of Highways four 
 years, and Supervisor for tliree j'ears, holding the latter position at the present 
 time. He was connected with the M. E. Church of Ann Arbor in 1847, and has 
 been a faithful member of that denomination since that period. He was married 
 Oct. 10, ItfSO, to Almira Green, daughter of Ebenezer Green, of Salem tp., who 
 came to this counlj- in 1829. Two children have been given to this union — 
 Ulysses T., a resident of Detroit, and George IST., who resides with his parents. 
 
 Mrs. Mary E. Foster, attorney at law, Ann Arbor, was born at Marcellus, On- 
 ondaga Co., JST. Y., June 2, 1825, and when one year old accompanied her parents 
 to Michigan. Thej- first located about live miles south of Ann Arbor, but about 
 eight years later removed to Lodi Plains. Her father, John Lowry, was a farmer, 
 and Mrs. Foster spent her early life amid rural scenes, taking an active part in 
 all matters pertaining to farm life. The peculiar atmosphere which surrounded 
 her childhood's home must have had much to do with the formation of her charac- 
 ter. Her parents loved all the bright and pleasant things of life, yet placed the 
 interests of religion and education before everything else. Thus, amid the fra- 
 gi-ant fields and under the summer's sun, the snow-covered earth and winter's 
 storms, in the pure air of a devout and God-loving familj', she was reared, which, 
 with the subsequent yeai's of experience in the busj' and deceitful world, has 
 eminently fitted her for the profession she has chosen. She received only a 
 common-school education, with the exception of two years spent in an academy 
 at Ann Arbor. She was married Oct 2, 1843, to Oliver B. Kellogg, son of Judge 
 Kellogg, of Sharon tp., who died in 1845. In 1847 Mrs. Kellogg anarried Hugh 
 Downey, of Saline, Mich. April 2, 1863, she was joined in the bonds of holy 
 wedlock to William G. Foster, who departed this life Aug. 12, 1873. Mrs. Foster 
 has been a resident of Ann Arbor since 1862, with the exception of four years, 
 which she spent upon the old home farm in Lodi. In 1850 she united with the 
 M. E. Church, and since that period has proved a faithful and earnest worker in 
 the cause of her master. She has particularly devoted her time and energies in 
 Sunday-school work, and perhaps a more proficient worker in this branch of the 
 Lord's vineyard never labored in Washtenaw Co. She is a member of the 
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and a valued assistant in the temperance 
 cause throughout the county and State. She is a member of the State and County 
 Pioneer Societies, and on Feb. 5, 1879, read a paper before the former society in 
 Representative Hall, at Lansing; is also a member of the Northwestern branch 
 of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, and delivered an able lecture before 
 that bocVy at Springfield, 111., in the summer of 1880. She is also a life member 
 of the IVIichigan State Horticultural Society. In 1878 Mrs. Foster made atrip to 
 Europe and spent a few months visiting in the larger and more interesting cities 
 of the old world, taking especial interest in the various noted art galleries. In 
 1874 she entered the law department of the University of Michigan, where she 
 
994 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 remained two years. During this period she also studied extensively in the liter- 
 ary and chemical departments. She graduated -witli high honors in the spring 
 of 1876, and the following October opened a law office at her residence on Cathe- 
 rine street. In legal talent, Mrs. Foster ranks high among the profession in this 
 part of the State, and her success has exceeded her most sanguine expectations. 
 She possesses a strong, clear mind, a bright, intelligent expression, and above all, a 
 kind and loving disposition, which characterizes the true Christian woman. 
 
 Portraits of Mrs. Poster and of Mr. Lowry, her father, appear in this volume. 
 
 Edward C. Franklin, M.I). Among the most distinguished adepts in the pro- 
 gressive schools of homeopathy in the West, is Br. E. C. Franklin, of Ann Arbor, 
 a man whose labors in the path marked out by the immortal Hahnemann, en- 
 titled him to a front rank among the physicians of America. He was born at 
 Flushing, Long Island, March 13, 1822. His father, Joseph Franklin, was a native 
 of New York, tracing his ancestry back to the famous philosopher. Dr. Benjamin 
 Franklin. His mother, whose maiden name was Fitch, was a grand-daughter of 
 Eliphalet Fitch, who, under the crown of England, held the positioh of Receiver 
 General of the Island of Jamaica. Dr. Franklin was educated at Washington 
 College, Hartford, Conn., and in 1842 entered the medical department of the Uni- 
 versity of Xew York, as a private pupil of the illustrious Di'. Valentine Mott, 
 graduating in 1846. He commenced the practice of medicine (allopathy) in 
 Williamsburg, Long Island, the same year, and soon became engaged in a some- 
 what protracted medical controversy with Dr. Cox, a celebrated homeopathic 
 physician of that place. This controversy elicited a severe cross-fire from Drs. 
 Hanford and Culbert, two of his classmates in the University, wlio had become 
 converts to homeopathy, and were I'esidents of Williamsburg. In 1849 Dr. Frank- 
 lin removed to California, and followed his chosen profession in San Francisco, 
 where, in a few months, he amassed a considerable sum of money. In 1851 he 
 was appointed Deputy Health Officer of the State of California, receiving a salaiy 
 of |900 per month, and expenses. He remained in such position until the com- 
 mission was dissolved by the State. He then went to the Isthmus of Panama, 
 where he was appointed as Physician of the Panama Railroad Hospital. He 
 spent three years of successful practice in this place, and accumulated a large 
 amount of property, but was compelled to leave on account of failing health, 
 brought on by successive attacks of" Panama fever." This fever stubbornly re- 
 sisted the treatment of allopathy, but yielded promptly to the new and strange 
 homeopathic treatment. It was this experience that first enlightened Dr. Frank- 
 lin to thereat value of the new system, and early led him to its adoption. He 
 first commenced to practice homeopathy in Dubuque, Iowa, and after a three 
 years' residence there settled in St. Lou'is. In 1860 he was appointed Demonstra- 
 tor of Anatomy, in the Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri, and also sup- 
 plied an existing vacancy in tlie department relating to obstetrics. These 
 positions he filled until his appointment to the chair of surgery in the same insti- 
 tution. In 1861 he was appointed Regimental Surgeon of the 5th Mo. Vol. Inf, 
 under Gen. Lyon, being present at the death of that brave commander, and taking 
 charge of his bod}^ In 1878 he was appointed Pi-ofessor of Surgery and Dean of 
 the Homeopathic Faculty, in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, wh.ch po- 
 sition he ably fills at the present time. Dr. Franklin is the author of a wo rk on 
 " Spinal Curvatures," and two volumes on " The Science and Art of Surgery." 
 He has now in preparation a work on " Minor Surger_Y," for the use of the stu- 
 dents in the University. Dr. Franklin was married "Dec. 24, 1878, to Celia M. 
 Preston, at the residence of her father, Henry Preston, of Fentonville, Michigan. 
 
 R. E. Frazer, attorney at law, Ann Arbor, was born in Adrian, Michigan, in 
 1840. His father, Thomas Frazer, was for many years ticket agent of the M. C. 
 R. R. at Detroit, and Robert grew to manhood in that city. In 1855 he came to 
 Ann Arbor, and entered Michigan Universit.y, graduating from the literary de- 
 partment in 1859, and from the law department in 1861. He was admitted to 
 practice in the autumn of 1861. As the j'ears rolled on his marked ability attracted 
 attention, and for a period of two years he was Circuit Court Commissioner ; olfici- 
 ated as Citj' Attorney three terms; Prosecuting Attorney for six years. Mr. 
 Frazer has been chaii-man of the State Convention of Temperance Workers, and 
 is a strong advocate of the Red Ribbon movement. He is Republican in politics, 
 and in the fall of 1880 " stumped " the State of >Iichigan for the Republican Cen- 
 tral Committee. In 1863 he married Abby M. Saunders, daughter of T. P. Saunders, 
 a former merchant of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Frazer have 3 children. As a 
 lawyer Mr. F. stands in the front rank among the Bar of Washtenaw county. 
 
ANN ABBOH TOWNSHIP. 995 
 
 Gottfried D. Frederich (deceased) waa born at Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1834. 
 At an early day he settled in Ann Arbor tp., where he made a purchase of 60 acres 
 of land, and became a very thrifty farmer. In 1856 he married Jacobena Holwein, 
 a daughter of Christian Holwein. Six children were born to them — Gottfried D., 
 jr., Louisa, Mary, Mena, John and Joseph. Mr. Frederich died in 1869, and was 
 buried in Ann Arbor tp. 
 
 John A. Freeman, teamster, Ann Arbor, was born in Geneva, N. Y., in 1827, 
 and is a son of John and Mary Freeman, natives of New York. John grew to 
 maturer years in the East, and having a natural inclination for learning, he acquired 
 a good education. When he was 31 years old, he came to Ann Arbor, and opened 
 a barber shop on Main street, where he transacted a successful business for 30 years, 
 finally retiring on account of ill health, and entering into his present business with 
 his usual enterprise and energy. In 1854 he was married at Jackson, Mich., to 
 Elizabeth Kinney, a daughter of Barbara and Donald Kinney. They have 3 chil- 
 dren — John "W. and Carrie. Mr. F, is one of the leading colored men of Ann Arbor, 
 and in 1880 Fas elected Grand Master of the Colored Masonic Compact Lodge. 
 
 E. G. Freer, proprietor meat market, Ann Arbor, is one of the most enterprising 
 business men of Ann Arbor. In 1876 he opened a meat market on East Huron 
 street, where for about four years he has transacted a remunerative business. He 
 was bom in New York in 1853, and in his youth received an academic education. 
 He came to Ann Arbor in 1875, and a year later engaged in his present occupation. 
 
 Prof. Henry S. Frieze, LL. D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, was born 
 at Boston, Mass., Sept. 15, 1817. His father, Jacob Frieze, was in early days a 
 Universalist preacher, of Providence, Ehode Island, and was long connected with 
 the press of that city as an able political writer. Prof. Frieze prepared for 
 college under the efficient tuition of Hon. Joseph Joslin, of Newport, R. I., and 
 graduated from Brown College, as valedictorian of his class, in 1841. From 1841 
 to 1845 he was employed as instructor in Brown University and the grammar 
 school. In 1854 he received a call from the University of Michigan to accept the 
 chair of Latin 'Language and Literature, which position he has filled to the present 
 time. On the resignation of President Haven, in 1869, Prof. Frieze was appointed 
 acting-President, and held that position, without relinquishing his professorship, 
 until the accession of President Angell, in 1871. In the course of his official 
 career several measures of importance to the University were adopted. Among 
 those worthy of mention may be found the following : The admission of women to 
 all the prijrileges accorded to any of the students of the University; the first 
 important addition, by private liberality, to the general library in the gift of the 
 Eau Library, by Philo Parsons, of Detroit; the first large appropriation for the 
 University, by the State Legislature, and the first admission of students to the 
 literary department of the University, on diploma from approved high schools of 
 the State. In 1860 Prof. Frieze published an edition of Virgil's ^nead, and in 
 1867 an edition of the Quintilian. These works are ranked among the leading 
 commentaries of the pn sent day, and are used extensively, not only in this 
 country, but wherever classical education has gained a firm foot-hold. Prof. 
 Frieze is an able contributor to several scientific and literary journals of this and 
 the old world, and his writings are earnestly studied and acted upon by the lead- 
 ing men of thought and science. Prof. Frieze visited Europe in 1857 for study 
 and recreation, and again in 1871. In 1870 he received the degree of LL. D., from 
 the University of Chicago and Kalamazoo College, in Michigan. When Pres. 
 Angell accepted the mission to China, to ratify the treaty between the land of 
 Confucius and the United States, Prof. Frieze was again appointed acting-Presi- 
 dent, a position he holds at the present time. Prof. Frieze early showed marked 
 ability as an amateur musician, supporticg himself from the age of 13, and while 
 at College, by playing the organ. He now occupies the position of organist in the 
 Congregational Church of Ann Arbor. Prof. Frieze was married in 1849 to Miss 
 Anna Brownell Roffee, daughter of Caleb Rofi'ee, deceased, of Providence, B. I. 
 
 Louis Fritz, Ann Arbor, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, A. D. 1813. In 
 his native land he was educated and learned the trade of butcher, which he fol- 
 lowed for some time. In 1840 he came to America to better his fortune. He 
 remained in New York city about one year and came to Ann Arbor in 1841. For 
 a time he was employed in the tannery of Mr. Mann. He soon left this work and 
 went mto the butcher business for himself. He followed this business about 20 
 years and engaged in farming and fiuit-growlng, which he is still engaged in, and 
 with Judge Lawrence, of this city, has about 1,100 peach-trees in bearing con- 
 
996 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 dition. In 1865 he made a visit to his Fatherland and returned well pleased with 
 the land of his adoption. For several years he has been an Alderman in this 
 city. He was also in the lime of the old Washtenaw Guards a Captain in that 
 organization. Mr. Fritz loves the memories of his native land, and worships 
 God according to the teachings of the old Lutheran Church, of which organiza- 
 tion in tliis city he is a member. 
 
 Oeorge E. Frothingham, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Ophthalmic 
 and A.ural Surgery in the University of Michigan, was born at Boston, Mass., 
 April 21, 1836. His literary education was received at Phillips' Academy at An- 
 dover, Mass. In the year 1864 he graduated from the College of Medicine at Ann 
 Arbor, Mich. He practiced for atime at Becliet and Hillsdale, Mass., after whicli he 
 established liimself in Ann Arbor, making a specialty of Oplithalmology. In 
 1867 he was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomj' in the University of Michigan, 
 and in 1870, Professor of Ophthalmology ; Professor of Practical Anatomy in 1875, 
 and Professor of Materia Medica and Therajieutics in 1876. Dr. Frothingham 
 secured the establislimeht of the Department of Ophthalmology in tlie University, 
 and was tlie first professor of tliat specialty. He has built up a large ophthalmic 
 clinic, and now as many important ophthalmic cases are treated here as in any 
 clinic in the country, including 40 to 50 operations on cataracts per year. In the 
 course of his practice. Dr. Frothingham has operated by opening sac in aneu- 
 rism of common carotid. That case received notable mention in an address on 
 surgery before the International Medical Congress at Philadelphia, in 1876, also 
 an article on aneurism presented by Dr. Van Buren at the same meeting, being 
 particularly noticed as one of the great achievements of the past century, it being 
 the second case of the kind that liad been successfully treated in the world. He 
 has also ligated common carotid for aneurismal tumor of orbit ; lias made many 
 operations for removal of vesical calculi, cataract, etc. 
 
 Dr. Frothingham is a member of the American Medical Association, and was 
 Secretary of the section of practice in this society in 1874. He was Secretary of 
 Washtenaw Co. ]VIedical Society three years, and its President from June, 1874, to 
 June, 1875. He was also a member of the Michigan State Medical Society, but 
 resigned in 1876, because of difference of views on medical ethics. While a resi- 
 dent of Massachusetts he was also a member of the Medical Society of that State. 
 From 1869 to 1871 he was one of the editors of the Michigan University Medical 
 Journal, and was the author of many editorial articles that appeared in that peri- 
 odical, and also contributed to other professional publications. Besides the du- 
 ties of his position in the University, Dr. Frothingham has a large practice in his 
 specialty. 
 
 John ff. Gall, meat market, 31 East Washington street, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 Germany in 1835. At the age of 18 he came to America and settled at Ann Arbor, 
 where he has since resided, with the exception of one year, when he was engaged 
 in mining in California. In 1864 he married Julia Neathammer. They have 
 3 children living — Julia and Alice. George died at the age of seven. Mr. Gall 
 has been in business in Ann Arbor since 1865. 
 
 Jacob Oanzh'irn, horticulturist, Ann Arbor, was born at Baden, Germany, in 
 1842, and 12 years later was a resident of Monroe, Mich., and studied both Eng- 
 lish and German in the schools of Monroe, as also those of Toledo, Ohio. He ac- 
 quired a first-class knowledge of horticulture, which proved of inestimable value 
 to him in later years. He Ijecame established in his present business in Ann 
 Arbor in 1875, and now ranks among the best in Southern Michigan. He is a 
 member of the State Pomological Societ}', and also the Washtenaw County So- 
 cielj' of that name. In Feb., 1876, he married Carrie Huebner, a daughter of 
 William Huebner, of Germany. They have 3 children — Lizzie, Mary H. and an 
 infant. 
 
 Gluirles R. Gardner, farmer and gardener, Ann Arbor tp., was born in Peru, Hu- 
 ron Co., Ohio, in 1824, and is the son of Charles and Lucy Gardner, natives of 
 New York. He grew to manhood in Ohio, and worked in a saw-mill and cloth- 
 ing establishment, both owned by his father. He received his preliminary edu- 
 cation in Norwalk, Ohio, and in 1847 came to Ann Arbor, and entered the literary 
 department of Michigan University, graduating in 1851. From Ann Arbor he 
 went to Detroit, and read law with Ja}- and Parton, of that city, becoming so pro- 
 ficient in that profession that he was admitted to the bar in 1852, and practiced 
 as an attorney for some time. The same year he was married to Saloma White, 
 daughter of Col. Orrin T. White, of Ann Arbor tp. May 2, 1864, Mr. Gardner en- 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 997 
 
 listed in the 14otli Oliio National Guards, and on J[areh 33, 1865, joined Co. B, 
 198th Ohio Vol. Inf., an unorganized company, and doing guerrilla warfare till the 
 end of the Rebellion. He owns 25 acres of land, the greater part being in fruit 
 trees and small fruits, within the city of Ann Arbor. He was elected a Justice 
 of the Peace while residing in Ohio. 
 
 Fred. Gauss, dealer in boots and shoes, Ann Arbor, was born in Wurlemberg, 
 Germany, in the year 1847. In his native land he leiu-ned the trade of shoemaker. 
 In 1867 he came to the United States and came at once to Ann Arbor. He began 
 working for ^Ir. Huss in his shoe store, and worked with him until his death in 
 Feb., 1880. He then purchased the business of his former employer, which he 
 now carries on. He keeps a general shoe store, besides doing custom Avork. 
 He is a member of the Arbeiterverein of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Hon. John Geddes, familiarly known as " Uncle John Geddes" throughout the 
 length and breadth of Washtenaw county, was born in Londonderry tp., Dauphin 
 (now Lebanon) Co., Pa., in March, 1801. His father and mother and three of his 
 grandparents were born, lived and died in Pennsylvania. The other grand- 
 parent, William Geddes, was born near RandaHstown, County Antrim, Ireland, 
 in 1735; came to Pennsylvania in 1753, and died in Cumberland county. Pa., in 
 1789. Mr. Geddes was reared in his native State, and when old enough was sent 
 to school a mile or two distant. At tbe age of 14 years he left school, and in that 
 year finished the only education he ever obtained within the four walls of a school 
 room. "When he was about 23 years of age he concluded to make a trip to the 
 Territory of Michigan, and if the land suited him, to locate in that fine and fertile 
 region. He accordingly did so, and after a long trip on Lake Erie on the steam- 
 boat Superior, Capt. Bunker, he landed at Detroit July 12, 1834. The follow- 
 ing day he started westward, and arrived at Woodruff's Grove (now Ypsilanti), 
 where he remained over night. On the morning of the 14th he came to the spot 
 where now is located the city of Ann Arbor. The country thereabout suited him, 
 and believing fully in the fertility of the soil he proceeded to locate a farm on the 
 southeast quarter of sec. 8, in what is now Pittsfield tp. He paid for the tract ot 
 land July 31, 1834. After a short time spent in the new country he went back to 
 Detroit, and obtaining passage on the same boat that brought him to Michiijan, 
 he returned to Pennsylvania. On April 19, 1835, Mr. Geddes, in company with 
 his brother Robert, left their home in the East for Michigan. They arrived at 
 Ann Arbor May 11, 1825. Both purchased land, and on June 14 they settled on 
 sec. 36, Ann Arbor tp., where Mr, Geddes has since resided. In the fall of 1826 
 Robert Geddes built a saw-mill on the Huron river near his land, and Uncle John 
 went to work for him at $10 per month and board and washing. From that time 
 until March, 1868, with the exception of one year in the same business on Flem- 
 ing creek, Mr. Geddes continued to work in the saw-mill. The greater part, of 
 the time he would be at work before daylight, and never cease his labors until 
 darkness compelled him to desist Mr. Geddes was married April 6, 1837, to 
 Fanny Savage, who was born in Orange county, N. Y., Feb. 19, 1806. Three 
 children were born to bless this union, 3 daughters and 1 son: Rachel is married 
 but has no children; Sarah is also married, and has 3 sons and 3 daughters; 
 William remained single, and died April 30, 1878 Mrs. Geddes departed this life 
 Dec. 6, 1855, and on June 1, 1856, Mr. Geddes married Juliette Savage, a sister of 
 his first wife, who was born July 33, 1809. The former Mrs. Geddes was a 
 faithful member of the Presbyterian Church, as is Mr. Geddes and his present 
 wife. Id politics, Mr. G. was an Anti-Mason, and afterward became a Whig. 
 When the Republican party was organized Mr. Geddes enlisted under its banner, 
 where he has remained until the present time. He was elected to the State 
 Legislature in 1840, and was Supervisor from Ann Arbor tp. for many years. He 
 has been a Justice of the Peace for over 30 years. 
 
 "Uncle John Geddes" is a man possessing remarkable physical and mental 
 faculties for a man over 80 years of age. He walks from his residence at Geddes 
 to Ann Arbor, without experiencing the least fatigue. His memory is without a 
 parallel. He can distinctly recollect the arrival of each and every old pioneer 
 within the borders of Washtenaw county up to 1835 or 1840, and rarely fails to 
 name the exact day and month of any social, political or educational feature of the 
 county's growth since its organization. The publishers of this work and the 
 citizens of this county owe ''Uncle John Geddes" a debt of gratitude for his 
 untiring energy and steady perseverance in collecting facts for this volume, that 
 can never be .cpaiU, and' his name will be held in grateful remembrance by 
 
998 HISTOKY OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. 
 
 the future thousands long after this earthly form has crumbled into the dust from 
 whence it came. 
 
 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Geddes appear in this work. 
 
 Hubert Geddes (deceased) was born in Lebanon county, Pa., about 15 miles from 
 Harrisburg and 83 miles from Philadelphia, Dec. 11, 1797. He was reared to 
 manhood in the Lebanon valley, and in May, 1822, left his home for Romulus, 
 Seneca Co., N. Y., where he owned 200 acres of land that had been purchased by 
 his father in 1795 for $500, and deeded to him some time previous. He operated 
 the farm some two years, and then sold it to a Mr. Schuyler for $2,400 ca.sh. With 
 this money he came to Michigan in Jlay, 1825, and bought eight 80-acre tracts 
 of land, in Pittsfleld tp. ; 227 acres of land on sec. 36, Ann Arbor tp. ; 232 acres 
 on sec. 31 of Superior tp. He subsequently purchased enough land in Ann Arbor 
 and Northfield tps. to increase his acreage to 1,502. On June 14, 1825, ;\Ir. Geddes 
 located on sec. 36, Ann Arbor tp., where he resided until bis death. He came to 
 Washtenaw county in an open wagon, in company with his brother John. After 
 arriving they had no house nor shelter of anjf description, and had to cut down 
 an elm tree, and take the bark to place over the wagon box. The next day 
 the brothers tried to plow with two yoke of oxen, and one of Wood's patent 
 plows, but they failed. John was then sent to Detroit to get a share for a " bull 
 plow." He went on foot and carried the share back as far as Springwells, when 
 he overtook a man with a wagon and a yoke of oxen, who agreed to take the share 
 to Ypsilanti. Mr. Geddes went to work and built a " shanty " about 10 feet 
 square, with roof and sides made of slabs. This served as a home for the two 
 brothers for nearly two years. The plow was finally made, and Robert, having 
 bought three yoke of oxen for $150, hired Josiah P. Turner, who had a yoke of 
 oxen, for $1.50 per da3^ They hitched the four yoke to the plow and started. 
 John cleared the brush out of the way, and when they stopped they had finished 
 nearly 10 acres of land. They then Ijought 16 bushels of wheat of Thomas Sack- 
 rider, paying him $20 for it. This they sowed in the newly plowed land, and 
 when harvest came it yielded 15 bushels. The next year the same land yielded 
 25 bushels. j\Ir. Geddes had Ijeen in the county five years before he was at- 
 tacked l)y an}' sickness. He was never very strong, and being a hard worker, 
 often overtaxed his strength. He was married May 7, 1829, to Maria Lane, a na- 
 tive of Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., and an Episcopalian. She was the mother of 
 3 children— Jane, Robert L. and Maria, Mrs. Geddes died Feb. 23, 1837, being 
 at the time of her death in her 33d year. Mr. Geddes was again married JIarch 
 12, 1839, to Chloe Lane, a sister of his former wife, and a member of the M. E. 
 Church. She bore him no children and departed this life March 6, 1856. Mr. 
 Geddes was a farmer through life, and was twice elected Supeiwisor of Ann Arbor 
 tp., on the Anti-Masonic tick;et. He was aftei'ward a Whig, and subsequently a 
 Republican. Mr. Geddes died March 11, 1866, aged 69 years. He was well 
 known throughout the county, and his loss was deeply felt by his numerous 
 friends and relatives. 
 
 Mr. Geddes' portrait will be found in this volume. 
 
 Urastus N. Qilhert, Ann Arbor, Register of Deeds of Washtenaw county, was 
 born in Dexter tp., April 12, 1840. Wben-he was eight years old his i)arents re- 
 moved to Pincknejwille, Michigan, where they lived until he was 15 years of age. 
 Here he received a portion of his education. In 1855 they moved to Chelsea, 
 where they lived two yeai-s. During this time he graduated from Gregory's 
 Business College, at Jackson. In 1857 he came to this city where he was em- 
 ployed in Getterman's clothing store until 1861. He then, with 25 other young 
 men from this city, went to Detroit and enlisted in the 8th Mich. Inf Vol's. He 
 served with this regiment and they were incorporated in the famous 9th corps by 
 Burnside. He participated in all the engagements of that famous organization 
 and served three and one-half years until 1864, when he was mustered out of serv- 
 ice. During this time he had advanced from private to the position of First 
 Lieutenant, and Aid-de-camp, and served on the staff of Generals Stevens, Christ. 
 Humphrey and others. Returning to Ann Ai-bor in 1864 he seiwed as Deputy 
 Postmaster under J. I. Thompson until 1867. He then engaged in the merchant 
 tailor business with his brother, and followed it until 1871. From that time until 
 1880 he M'as in the employ of j\[r. Grinnell of this city in the sewing-machine 
 business. In the fall of 1880 he was elected Register of Deeds on the Republican 
 ticket, running nearly 500 ahead of his ticket. In 1866 he was married to Miss 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 999 
 
 Kittie J. Murraj', of Norlliflekl. To them have been born 2 sons and 2 daughters, 
 of whom 1 son has died. 
 
 Robert B. Olasier, farmer, residence Ann Ai-bor, was born in New York citj- in 
 1818, son of Richard G. and Anna Glasier, natives of Yorlishire, England. Richard 
 was a ship-smith in Kew Yorls;. Wlien Robert was 16 years old he settled 
 with his parents at Ann Arbor, where his father bought 320 acres of land. Robert 
 grew to manhood amid the pioneers of that day, and acquired a strong love for 
 freedom and independence of humanity, regardless of race or color. Before the 
 war he was a conductor on the famous " Uncler-ground Railroad," and has assisted 
 in passing many a slave into Canada, where the.y would be safe from their cruel 
 master. His " route " lay from Ann Arbor to Parmington, and on one occasion 
 he made a trip to Adrian with William Lloyd Garrison. He made the acquaint- 
 ance of many distinguished Abolitionists, and was considered one of the best 
 " conductors " on the " road." In 1843 he married !Maria Walton, daughter of 
 Jacob Walton, a Quaker, who settled in this county at an earlj' date. They ha^-e 
 4 children — Rachel A., Lydia !M., George W. and Slary E. Being a Quaker, ilr. 
 Glasier was opposed to anything like war, and on one occasion, in an early day, 
 was ordei'ed to drill with the militia, He refused, and was therefore locked up 
 until his fine was paid by act of imjjrisonment. 
 
 David Godjrey is as well known throughout the county as a pioneer and a man 
 of sterling worth as any within the borders of Washtenaw county. He was born 
 at Ovid, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1800. His parents, David and Mary (King) Godfrey, were 
 early pioneers of New York, and occasionally receivedcordial visits from Gen. 
 Washington and wife, dm'ing the term of the Continental war, in which ilr. Godfrey 
 served as a Captain. David received his educational training at Newburg, N. Y., 
 and taught school for three years. He then obtained emploj'ment in the Govern- 
 ment foundry at West Point, N. Y., but failing health caused him to give up his 
 situation, and in 1830 he settled at Ann Arbor, and subsequently purchased a farm. 
 He built a log cabin lUxl8, where he resided for many years. In 1837 he became 
 interested in emigration, and not having sufficient means to carry out his plans, he 
 opened a correspondence with Washington Irving and Gov. Kimball, of West 
 Point, who, knowing his excellent business tact, promptly furnished him with 
 §4,000. He bought' 13, 800 acres of land, which he subsequently sold for $33,000. 
 In 1840 he engaged in the mercantile trade at Ann Arbor, doing a successful busi- 
 ness until 1860, when he retired from active life. Mr. Godfrey is the owner of ex- 
 tensive property; a liberal, public-spirited citizen, who has done much toward the 
 advancement of the religion, educational and business interests of Washtenaw 
 county. He was married at Newburg, N. Y., in 1827, to Maria E. Bordnian. 
 
 David L. Godfrey, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 35, Ann Arbor tp.; P. O., Ann 
 Arbor ; was born in Orange county N. Y., Aug. 21, 1837. Wlien he was four years of 
 age his parents emigrated to Washtenaw county, and located in Scio tp., where they 
 remained two years, and then removed to Sylvan tp., where the subject of this sketch 
 grew to manhood. He lived in this township till he was 26 years old, then married 
 Helen Doud,a daughter of Mr. Doud, an old pioneer of this countj'. One child, Luella, 
 was born to them, but died when quite young. 3[rs. Godfrey departed this lite in 
 1860. In 1863 he married Helen Botsford, a.native of New York, and daughter of 
 Elnathan Botsford, an old pioneer of the county, first coming liere in 1824, and 
 permanently locating in 1825. This alliance was blessed with the birth of one child. 
 Mr. Godfrey well remembers the wild appearance of Washtenaw count}- when he 
 first saw it, and has toiled long and earnestly in assisting to bring it up to its present 
 prosperous condition. He owns 101 acres of good land, and in 1878 built a fine 
 residence thereon. 
 
 James B. Oott, attorney at law, is one of the old residents of Ann Arbor, ilr. 
 Gott was born at Clarence, Erie Co., N. Y., Aug. 30, 1818. In lS2t» his parents 
 removed to Michigan and located in Ann Arbor tp. He received his education 
 chiefly at Ann Arbor. In 1837 he began the study of law with Olney Hawkins, 
 Esq., and Judge Lawrence, who were then in partnership, and was admitted to 
 the Bar in 1842. Since then he has been practicing law at Ann Arbor. From 1848 
 to 1853 he was a member of the firm of Sedgwick, Gott it Walker. He has been 
 interested in the welfare of Ann Arbor and has always been identified with its 
 interest. 
 
 JvhnN. Gott was born at Amherst, Erie Co., N. Y., in the year 1814. There 
 he received his literary education. In 1827 he went to Albanj-, N. Y., where he 
 entered the business house of an uncle to learn mercantile life. In 1836 he came 
 
1000 HISTOBY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 to Detroit, Mich., wliere he was in business until 1840, when he came to Ann 
 Arbor and taught school, at the same time reading law with John Allen, coun- 
 sellor at law, and one of the ]5ioneer8 of this county. During this time Mr. Al- 
 len and Mr. Gott organized the system of abstract books now in general use. 
 The original books are now in the possession of E. W. Morgan, of Ann Arbor. 
 In 1843 Mr. Gott was admitted to practice and became a partner of Mr. Allen's, 
 which partnersliip continued two years. At the end of that time Mr. Gott was 
 appointed Deputy Register of Washtenaw county, and held this position one 
 year, in which he made the vowel indexes now in Uhe . He was then appointed 
 Probate Register by Judge Skinner, and seiwed eight years, meanwhile system- 
 atizing the work in the probate office. Since that time he has practiced law at 
 Ann Arbor, and has his office now on the corner of Huron and Fourth streets. 
 In 1844 he was appointed Master in Chancerj^ and retained this position six years, 
 when the old system was abolished and the office done away with. He was mar- 
 ried in 1837 toMissJulia A. Jlillen, who died in 1876. In 1879 he was mar- 
 ried to Mrs. Martlia P. Blauchard. Mr. Gott has been prominently identified 
 with ^Masonry at Ann Arbor, and for 12 years was Master of the lodge in its early 
 history. 
 
 /. A. Oraf, of the firm of Slater & Graf, hardware merchants, Ann Arbor, was 
 born in Germany. He came to this county in his youth, and was first employed 
 as traveling agent of C. Eberbacli. He next obtained a position as bookkeeper, 
 and finally became partner. He learned the trade of tinsmith in Germany, 
 but did not work at tlie business very extensively after coming to Ann Arbor. 
 Mr. Graf is a gentleman of liberal education and broad views, and is consid- 
 ered one of the leading business men of Ann Arbor. He is connected with the 
 Masonic fraternity, and otliei' secret organizations. He married Mrs. Mary 
 Buider. 
 
 Mrs. L. M. Oraham, hair dresser, was born at Manchester, England, in 1834, 
 and came to America in 1833, first settling in Pennsylvania. She then removed 
 to Ohio and thence to Canada. In 1876 Mrs. Graham became established in Ajan 
 Arbor and has succeeded admirably. In 1853 she was united in marriage to Levi 
 Graham, and 3 children were born to them — Eliza, Mary and Sarah L. 
 
 William Grnliam, Ann Arbor, was born in 1881 in the township of Salem, Wash- 
 tenaw Co., Mich. His parents were Luther and Catherine (Bunnell) Graham, 
 and his father came to this county in 1828. The subject of this sketch was reared 
 and educated in Salem. In 1850 he went to Shiawassee county, wliere he remained 
 three years. He then returned to Salem and there followed farming until 1S77, 
 when he came into Ann Arbor. Since then he has been engaged in the saloon 
 business. In 1853 he was married to Miss Eunice Botsford, of Salem, a daughter 
 of David Botsford, one of the pioneers of this county. To them have been 
 born 4 sons and 4 daughters, of whom 3 sons and 3 daughters are living. 
 
 William Graves was born in Virginia, and raised at Greenboro, N. C. His 
 parents were slaves, and he made his escape from " slavedom " during the Rebell- 
 ion, from the State of Arkansas, and although his path was beset by every ob- 
 stacle known to the slaveholders he finally reached the North and located at Ann 
 Arbor. He had learned to read and write when a slave, through the kindness of 
 a Northern lady, who was visiting among her kindred in the Sunny South. He 
 was a skillful workman, and almost immediately found employment as a black- 
 smith. For the past few years he has been a faithful employe of the Ann Arbor 
 Agricultural Works. In 1866 he married Hannah Jane Williamson, the first 
 colored female born in Washtenaw county. Her father, Ephraim Williamson, 
 was one of the first settlers in Ann Arl)or, the date of his settlement not actually 
 known, but supposed to be 1824. He died aged 89 years. 
 
 Alonzo A. Gregory, formerly proprietor of the Gregory House, Ann Ai'bor, was 
 born in Saratoga county, N. Y., in 1811, but grew to mature years in Cattaraugus 
 county, where he received a liberal education. In later j'ears he became an ac- 
 tive business man, and for many years was Sherift" of the countJ^ In 1850-'l he 
 represented his district in the New York Legislature, and was often elected to 
 the office of Supervisor, Clerk, etc. While living in New York he married Al- 
 mira A. Reynolds, by whom 3 children were borii to him, 3 of whom are living. 
 Since 1873 Mr. Gregory has been Supervisor of Ann Arbor tp. 
 
 Hubbell Gregory (deceased) was born in Pennsylvania, where he passed his 
 youth, and married Mary Mitchell. In 1848 he moved to New York, and in 
 1854 to Ann Arbor. At one time in his busy and eventful life he was proprietor 
 
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 1001 
 
 of a stage route, and diiving early times kept quite a number of employes, meet- 
 ing with good success in this vocation. He also was engaged as a contractor for 
 a short time. He died in 1867. His descendants are 5 children — 3 sisters and 3 
 brothers — all comfortably situated in life. 
 
 Daniel Hati.1, f-di-Yner, sec. l.i, Ann Arbor 1p.; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born in 
 Germany in 1814, where he recei's-ed his education and learned the trade of cooper. 
 He married, in Germany, Mary Reuner, and in 1857 came to Ann Arbor, where 
 he resided 18 months, then bought 80 acres of land on sec. 10, Ann Arbor tp., 
 living here seven years, at the expiration of which time he purchased 160 acres 
 located on sec. 15, where he now lives. Mr. and Mrs. Haas had 7 cliildren, of 
 whom 6 are living — George, who married Elizabeth Rauser ; Bai'bara, wife of 
 Charles Hauser, of Michigan City, Ind. ; Kate, wife of Thomas Rausenlierger ; 
 Margaret, wife of August Mi igk; Christiana, wife of Christian Sanzi, of Ann 
 Arbor ; Frederick, who married Mary Hagen, of Ann Arbor tp. The latter 
 couple have 1 child, Louis. 
 
 John Haf/an, Ann Arbor tp., sec. 1.5; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born in Prussia, Jan. 
 19, 1819. There he ■nas educated, and when he was 31 j-ears old was drawn into 
 the army, where he served two years. In 1844 he came to America and came at 
 once to Ann Arbor, where he had relatives. He worked in Lodi and elsewhere 
 four years, and then purchased 80 acres, to which he has since added jlOO acres 
 where he now lives. All this land he cleared up by himself. He has been 
 School Director and Treasurer of his district. He is a member of Zion's Lutheran 
 Church of Ann Arbor. His tirst wife was Catherine Feldkamp. To them were 
 born 13 children, of whom 3 sons and 3 daughters are yet living. In 1875 he 
 was married to Hannah Dunicke, of Ann Arbor, a native of Prussia. To them 
 have been born 3 daughters and 1 son: 1 daughter has died. 
 
 L . D. Hale, money broker, Ann Arbor, was born in Franklin Co., Mass., May 
 16, 1806, and is the 3d son of Stephen and Sally (Maynard) Hale. At the age of 
 18 years his parents moved to Oswego Co., N. Y., where L. D. grew to manhood, 
 receiving a good educatioji. In 1838 he entered a drj'-goods store at Pulaski, 
 and was successful in this line of business. In 1838, owning an interest in the 
 schooner Eliza Mead, he sailed from Oswego to Chicago with a party of friends. 
 They returned to Xew York by land via Michigan, and Sir. Hale was so well 
 pleased with the new State that he located here in the following year with a stock ot 
 goods. The M. C. R. R. A\as then completed from Detroit to Y^i^silanti onljr, and 
 the remainder of the journey was made by stage over the " old Territorial road," 
 through timber, interspersed \<\t\\ those " beautiful oak openings," A\hich the 
 Indians had kept free from underbrush, in summer time being carpeted with a 
 great variety of brilliantly colored wild flowers. Mr. Hale's goods T\ere marked to 
 a point in the western part of the State, but stopping one Sunday at Grass Lake, 
 he found a good business opening, and being strongly urged bj' the inhabitants, 
 he remained there and opened the first store of any consequence in that place. 
 He remained there for some 30 years, part of that time engaged in the milling 
 business in Washtenaw Co. In 1861 he removed to Ann Arbor. His Inisiness 
 since that period has been, for the most part, dealing in lionds and mortgages. 
 
 Eugene B. Hall, dealer in hard and soft coal, Ann Arbor, was born in Syracuse, 
 N. Y., in 1848. The days of his youth were passed at Toledo, O., where he ob- 
 tained a good literary and business education. While a resident of the latter city, 
 he was united in marriage to Ella Tourtillate, a daughter of G. R. Tourtillate, of 
 New Hampshire. Three children have been given to bless this alliance — Harry, 
 Omar and Philip. Mr. Hall is the largest coal-dealer in Ann Arbor, and sells an- 
 nually about 4,000 tons of " black diamonds." He is an enterprising and ener- 
 getic business man, and well deserves the success which he has achieved. 
 
 Bev. Wyllys Hall, D. D., Rector of St. Andrews Episcopal Church, Ann Arbor, 
 was born at Portsmouth, Ohio, in 1838, and is a son of William and Margaret (Kin- 
 ney) Hall. At the youthful age of 16, Mr. Hall eatered Kenyon College, Ohio, 
 graduating from the literary department in 1858, and the theological department in 
 1861. He was ordained to preach the gospel, and was assigned to Youngstown, 
 Ohio. When he entered upon his first ministerial duties, the church at that place 
 was only a mission, but the cliaracteriatic energy and fervent zeal of this new-born 
 minister overcame all barriers placed in his path, and when he was called to other 
 fields of labor, the Church was established on a firm basis, a new chapel had been 
 erected and a large congregation was working in unison with the young and talented 
 exponent of the " old, old story" — a story that has awakened an answering chord 
 
1002 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COtJNTT. 
 
 in the bosom of countless numbers 'who liave journeyed for a little while upon the 
 "foot-stool of God." Removing to Piqua, Ohio, Mr. Hall was married in May, 
 1866, to Eleanor Kellogg, a daughter of Rev. E. B, Kellogg, D. D., of Ohio, who de- 
 parted this life in California, after a long and eventful existence of 87 years upon 
 this globe. Mr. and Mrs; Hall are the parents of six children. The title of D. D. 
 was conferred on Mr. Hall by the venerable Bishop Bedell, of Ohio. He lo- 
 cated at Ann Arbor in 1875, and the Church under his charge is in a very prosper- 
 ous condition, and ranks high among his brother clergy of Ann Arbor, and 
 enjoys the respect and esteem of a large number of friends and acquaintances. 
 
 Jolm W. Hamilton, attorney at law, Ann Arbor, is a native of Washtenaw 
 county, and was born in Salem tp. in 1858. He was educated at Ann Arbor, taking 
 a partial' course in Michigan University. In 1876 he entered the law department 
 of the University, in which he graduated in 1878. Since then he has been practic- 
 ing law in this city. He is also interested in the abstract and real-estate business 
 with Chas. Manly, under the firm name of Manly & Hamilton. 
 
 A. B. Hammond, architect and builder, was born at Ypsilanti, Mich., in 1840. 
 His father, .John S. Hammond, was a native of Vermont, and his mother was 
 born in Miiryland. Both are residents of Ann Arbor. Mr. Hammond spent his 
 early life in Ypsilanti, and was married in Lodi tp. to Fanny Wood, a daughter 
 of Darius Wood, of Ann Arbor. Mr. H. built his substantial and handsome resi- 
 dence in 1867, and has erected many buildings in Ann Arbor, the most prominent 
 being the Congregational church. 
 
 /. Hangsterfer (deceased) was born in Stuttgart, Gei'many, in 1821. He grew 
 to manhood and recei-s'ed a liberal education in the "faderland." When a youth 
 he turned his attention to the baker's trade, and in due course of time crossed the 
 ocean, first settling at Pittsburg, Pa., where he embarked in the confectionery busi- 
 ness. In 1849 he married Catherine Barkley, a daughter of Nicholas and Alice 
 H. (Truitt) Barkley. A }'ear after marriage Mr. H. went to Flint, Mich., Tvhere 
 he entered actively into business, gaining many friends in his new home. Think- 
 ing he could better his condition, he moved to Saginaw city, but shortly after ar- 
 rival his stock of goods was destroyed by a mighty conflagration, that_ swept 
 away a goodly portion of that city. In 1853 he came to Ann Arbor and purchased 
 the ground now covered by the substantial brick structure on the corner of Main 
 and Washington streets. In this place he labored hard and earnestly till his death. 
 Mr. Hangsterfer was no child of fortune, and she only smiled on him when his 
 indomitable will conquered all obstacles. As a confectioner, none stood higher 
 in Southern Michigan, and his candies were noted far and wide for their excel- 
 lence and purity. After his death his wife and children, under the firm name of 
 J. W. Haugsterfer & Co., took charge of the business, and have a large and increas- 
 ing trade. 
 
 William Dexter Tlarrimnn, at present (1881) serving his second term as Judge 
 of Probate of the county, was born in Peacham, Vt., Oct. 24, 1834 ; educated at the 
 Peacham Acadeni}', and was admitted to the Bar of Caledonia county when 21 years 
 of age. In 1859 he removed to California and for nearly 10 years took an active part 
 in the politics of the State, serving several sessions in both branches of the 
 Legislature, and for four years as Clerk of the Supreme Court. In 1869 he 
 located in Ann Arbor, and in 1870 was made Mayor of the city, and in 1876 was 
 elected Judge of Probate. 
 
 Mark W. JSarrinyton, M. A., Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Obser- 
 vatory of Michigan University, was born at Sycamore, 111., and entered Michigan 
 University as a sophomore in 1865, graduating in 1868. He was at once appointed 
 assistant in the museum of his Alma Matm\ which position he held until 1870, when 
 he was made Astronomical Aide in the United States Coast Survey lor the recon- 
 noissance of Alaska. He remained in Alaska one year and a half, when he returned 
 to Ann Arbor and was appointed Assistant Professor in charge of the department of 
 Natural History of Michigan University, which position he held until 1876 He 
 then spent a year in Germany and France, and in 1877 went to Pekin, China, as 
 Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in the Chinese Foreign Ofiice School. At 
 the end of one year he was compelled, by ill health, to leave Pekin, and accepted 
 the chair of Natural History at Louisiana State University, which he held but a few 
 months, when he received the appointment at Michigan University which he now 
 holds. Professor Harrington has been a contributor to the American Journal of 
 Science, the Pha,rmaceutical Journal and the Naturalist, and has published a 
 number of pamphlets on microscopical topics. 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1003 
 
 Fratiev Harris (deceased) was born in "Washington Co., N. Y., in 1791, and was 
 Quartermaster Sergeant during the war of 1813, serving three years, and partici- 
 pated in the battle of Plattsburg. Until 1837 Mr. Harris lived in New York, where 
 he was educated. He was quite literary in his tastes, and nothing pleased him so 
 much as the perusal of valuable books or periodicals. In 1837 he married Florilla 
 Tyler, and a year later he moved to Massillon, Ohio. In 1844 he was engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits in New York city. On July 39, 1876, all that was mortal of 
 the respected citizen was laid at rest in Ann Arbor cemetery. Mr. Harris was 
 twice married, his other wife's name being Elizabeth Carlton. In 1817 he was go- 
 ing from New York to Albany on the steamer Chancdlor Kent, and among the pass- 
 engers were DeWitt Clinton, Livingstone, Judge Kent, Edward C. jewitt and 
 Jedediah Morse. The passage was made in 18 hours, and the subject of steam navi- 
 gation being discussed, DeWitt Clinton said that li hours was the maximum rate to 
 be obtained by steam navigation, whereupon Jedediah Morse remarked that this sub- 
 ject was still in its swaddling clothes, and that the time would come when a person 
 could go from Washington to Boston in 2-i hours. 
 
 D. J. Hawkins, an old pioneer of this county, was born in Rutland county, Vt., 
 in 1815, and is a son of Olney and Hannah ( Durand) Hawkins. Daniel was 11 
 years old when his parents moved to jMichigan, and settled in Panama tp., Wash- 
 tenaw county. Early in life ~Sh: H. had turned his attention to milling or logging, 
 and with the exceptionof John Dix, owned and operated the first saw-mill in Supe- 
 rior tp. At an early date George Rash ( deceased ) had built a saw-mill on Flem- 
 ing creek, which fl'as subsequently remodeled by Mr. H., and continued in 
 operation for many years. It was destroyed by fire in 1839. In 1836 Mr. Hawkins 
 was united in marriage bj' John Beach, a Presbyterian minister, at Ann Arbor, to 
 Sylvia M. Kelley, born in Vermont in 1816, and a daughter of Barnard and 
 Rachel Kelley. Eleven children were born to this couple, 6 of whom are living 
 — Winfield S., Abbe F., Frank M., Edward T., Jane, a resident of Saginaw city, 
 and Dimiel .1. Winfield, who died at Dixboro, married Mary Amrine, of Wayne 
 coimty ; James O. was a soldier during the Rebellion, and died June 31, 1863, at 
 Vicksliurg, 3Iiss. ; Abagail died when 26 years old. 
 
 Jacob Heintziimn, a well known tanner of Ann Arbor, was born at Wurtemberg, 
 Germany, in 1814. He was liberally educated, and at an early age became appren- 
 ticed to the tannery trade, serving his time, and becoming at the expiration of a 
 few vears a superior workman. While residing in Germany he married Christi- 
 ana iDuttonhatter, by whom he has children. In 1847 he crossed the ocean, and 
 first settled in Ohio, where he worked at his trade for some time. He came to 
 Ann Arbor in 1851, when shortly afterward he became actively engaged in the 
 tannery business. He has been remarkably successful in this county, and is known 
 as a man of sterling integrity and industrious habits. John, the elder of the 
 children and a member of the firm of J. Heintzman & Son, was born in Ann 
 Arbor in 1847, and took a commercial course in the Ann Arbor schools. 
 He has been an active business man and a member of the above firm since his 
 31st year. In iMay, 1877, he married Mrs. Barbara Weimer. They have one 
 child, John Eugene. 
 
 IF. R. Henderson of the firm of Douglass, Henderson & Company, of Ann Arbor, 
 is a native of this city, and was born A. D. 1854. He was educated at Ann Arbor 
 and in 1869 began business life. He was employed in some of the largest retail 
 clothing houses of the West at Toledo and Saginaw Valley. While thus em- 
 ployed he was manager of one of the largest stores at Toledo, and thus acquired 
 a superior knowledge of the clothing business. In 1879 he, with Mr. Douglass, 
 opened a fine store at Ann A rbor, under the firm name of Douglass, Henderson 
 & Co. Though yet a young man, Mr. Henderson has won for himself a fine rep- 
 utation as a business man. 
 
 Professor Alfred Hennequin, Instructor in French and German in the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan, was born at Guines, France, in 1846. He was educated at the 
 Victoria ilnglo-French College, in France and graduated from the College of 
 Arras, France, after which he pursued post-graduate studies in the universities 
 of Paris, Leipsic and Upsala. From 1867 to 1873 was engaged in teaching the 
 modern languages in the Victoria Anglo-French College. In '73 he came to Xnn 
 Arbor and became connected with the department of modern languages of Mich- 
 igan University. While on leave of atisence from the University he, as Principal 
 for one year, organized the Educational Department of the Michigan Military 
 Academy. Professor Hennequin is the author of a complete series of^French text- 
 
1004 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 books and lias in preparation text-books for tlie study of tlie Germ;m language. 
 He IS also a frequent contributor to educational journals. .^ 
 
 WilUcmn J. Herdman, M. D., Lecturer on Pathological Anatomy and Demon- 
 strator of Anatomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor was born at Concord, 
 Muskingum Co., Ohio, Sept. 7, 1848, and is a sou of James andEliza A. Herdman. 
 Ho graduated from the literary department of the University of 3Iichigan in 
 1872, and fi-om the medical department in 1875. He was appointed to his present 
 position in July, 1875. Dr. Herdman was connected with the geological survey 
 of Ohio, during 1871-'2. He is engaged in the practice of medicine, in connec- 
 tion with his other duties, and is a leading member of the Presbyterian Church, 
 of Ann Ai-bor. Sept. 16, 1873, he was married to Nannie Bradley, of Marietta, 
 Ohio. 
 
 Awguft Her:;, proprietor of grocery and restaurant, and dealer in furs, hides and 
 pelts, Ann Arbor, was born in Germany in 1836. He grew to manhood in his na- 
 tive land, and in 1856, immigrated to America, and settled at Ann Arbor, where he 
 met with flattering success as a wine mercliaut. For 25 years Mr. Herz has been 
 engaged in business in Washtenaw county, and during that time lias gained an 
 enviable reputation for uprightness and square dealing. 
 
 William Herz, painter, decorator and varnisher, was born near Berlin, Prussia, 
 
 A. D. 1849. There he Avas educated and learned the trade of painting, frescoing 
 and designing. He remained in Berlin from 1863 to 1869, when he came to 
 America. He at once came to Ann Arbor, where he had relatives and started in 
 business for himself. His trade has by close attention to business been rapidly 
 developed until now it is equal to an}- in the city, employing nine men in the 
 season of business. In 1874 he was married to 3Iiss Sophia Muehlig, of Ann 
 Arbor. 
 
 Heman N. Hicks, an old pioneer of Washtenaw count}', is a native of New 
 York. His parents, Amos and Mary Hicks, settled in Ann Arbor tp„ the signa- 
 ture of .John Quincy Adams being on his patent. The land was plowed in 1826, 
 and trees set out. Ten years after this location the head of the family was laid 
 at rest amid the scenes he loved so well, and the lieroic ^vife, assisted by her chil- 
 dren, gained a livelihood by the manufacture of clothing, and the weaving of 
 carpets. She was the mother of 14 children — ( larinda, wife of George Parker 
 (deceased); Dr. Layton (deceased); John Hiscock ; Solomon, who died in Jackson 
 county; Valorus, Heman, Harriet, Amos, Marion, George, Murana, Amanda, 
 Maranda, Hiram, Minerva, and an infant child. 3Irs. Hicks died in 1868, and an 
 appropriate monument marks the spot of her lust resting place. Heman Hicks 
 jnii-cliased the homestead property from the other heirs, consisting of 80 acjes. 
 Mr. Hicks' education was received in a log scliool-house, and the principal studies 
 were the old Woodbridge geography, Webster's Spelling-Book, while lessons in 
 reading were learned through the graphic pages of the Columbian Orator. In 
 lS.j7 Mr. Hicks married Rosetta Warner, of New Tork, and 3 children were born 
 to them — Mary E. (deceased), Pi-ederick .and Arthur. Mrs. H. died in 1866, and 
 in 1871 Jlr. H. married Sirs. Amanda Seelye, daughter of Roj'al C. and Harriet 
 
 B. Wright. Mrs. H. is the owner of 34 acres of valuable land. In 1870 Mr. H. 
 built his present fine residence. 
 
 Dnniel Hiscock, farmer and stock-raiser, and one of the noble band of pioneers 
 who first set foot on the virgin soil of Washtenaw county. He was born in Wayne 
 county. Pa., in 1819. His parents ■v\'ere James and Nancy Hiscock, nati-\'es of 
 Massachusetts. In an earl)- day James Hiscock settled in' Penn.sylvania, where 
 he purchased 200 acres of land, but was compelled to relinquish his claim to the 
 property-, owing to a defective title. In 1824 he made a trip to Jlichigan, passing 
 through a little settlement on the bank of the Huron, which had been named 
 Ann Arbor, and only inhabited by John Allen, Mr. Runisey and a few others. In 
 1829 he settled on sec. 20, in Ann -Vi'bor tp., where he bought 300 acres of land, 
 which now lies within the corporation limits of the cit\- of' Ann Arbor. Daniel 
 Hiscock was raised on a farm, and has foll<.n\ed agricultural pursuits through 
 life. He received his educational training in the old-fashioned log school-houses, 
 but obtained his practical education in the busy whirl of traffic within the bor- 
 ders of Washtenaw. In 1847 he married Maria White, daughter of that old ]jio- 
 neer veteran, Eber White, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. This 
 union was blessed with the birth of 3 children— Charles E., Edward D. and Mary 
 E. Mr. Hiscock has resided within the city and tp. of Ann Arbor for over half a 
 century, and has been an eye-witness to the vast amount of changes that have 
 
^Ar^ 
 
ANN AEBUE TOWNSHIP. 1007 
 
 taken place ^Yitllin the borders of this prosperous county. Mr. H. has been hon- 
 ored with the office of Supervisor, and for a short period was engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits in the city of Ann Arbor. Mr. Hiscock is the possessor of 500 
 acres of land, all under a "high state of cultivation. He is not only a v\'ealth}' 
 citizen of Ann Arbor, but a public-spirited man, whose actions are characterizecl 
 by benevolence. 
 
 Patrick Hoban (deceased) was a well-known farmer and merchant of Ann Ar- 
 bor tp. He was born in Ireland in 1811, and was a son of Patrick and Margaret 
 (Meri'itt) Hoban, natives of Queens county, Ireland. He received a liberal edu- 
 cation in his native land, and in 1839 crossed the ocean, settling at Dexter, Mich- 
 igan, the same year. In 1842 he married Helen Wall, a daughter of John Wall, 
 and 5 children were sent to bless this union — Lawrence, Thomas, Mary, Francis 
 and Nellie. Mr. H. accumulated property veiy rapidly, and in a few years after 
 coming to this county owned a good farm of 143 acres. After seven years spent 
 in agricultural pursuits he opened a store at Ann Arbor, and was an extensive 
 dealer in groceries and provisions until his death, this latter sad event taking 
 place in 1861. In 1871 Mrs. Hoban built a substantial brick business house on 
 Ann St., at a cost of several thousand dollars. 
 
 James Hobson, naturalist and taxidermist, University of Michigan, was born 
 in Westmoreland, England, in 1825, and is a son of Thomas and Frances Hobson. 
 In 1831 his parents moved to Durliam, Eng., where James became a prominent 
 citizen. At one time he was connected in an official position with a large rail- 
 road, also lectured a great deal, and edited a newspaper at the same time. James 
 early evinced a natural taste for botany and ornitholog}', and in 1855 went to 
 Nova Scotia, where he was employed in collecting and preserving specimens, 
 and ultimately made a trip through a large portion of Europe, making foreign 
 birds a study, and learning taxidermy at the same time. In 1855 he married, at 
 Nova Scotia, Eliza Downey, a daughter of George Downey. They have 3 children 
 — Jane, Fannie and Lillie. In 1858 he went to Bostorl, Mass., where he was 
 prolitably employed for some time, and where he received his first copy of Audu- 
 bon's work. In 1863 he went to Detroit, where he organized the Audubon Club 
 of that city, and was elected curator. At this latter place he worked at his trade 
 for years, receiving or,ders from all jjarts of the Union. 
 
 Jacob Hoffstetter, proprietor grocery and restaurant, 8. Main St., Ann Arbor, was 
 horn in Germany in 1849, and is the son of Christian and Mary Hoffstetter. In 
 1854 he settled permanently in Ann Arbor, and for a short time was employed as 
 clerk in one of the larger mercantile houses in that city. In 1873 he established 
 his present business, and through liouorable dealings has succeeded in building 
 up a large and profitable trade. He married Gertrude Klise. Mrs. Hoffstetter 
 died, and he married Catherine Burkhart, his present wife. Mr. H. is a member 
 of the A. O. U. W., also of the Volunteer Fire Company of Ann' Arbor. 
 
 Samuel N. Home, Ann Arbor, was born in the town ot Volney, Oswego Co., N. 
 T., in 1819. When he was very young his parents removed to Wayne Co., N. Y., 
 where they lived until 1843, and there Samuel was educated. In that year they 
 came to Michigan locating in Salem tp. in this county. There Mr. House pur- 
 chased land and lived until 1846, when he came to Ann Arbor. He lived here 
 but a short time and went to Shiawassee, where he took up land and dwelt 14 
 years. During this time he served as local preacher in the Methodist Church, 
 and also two years on the circuit. Early in 1862 he returned to this town, where 
 he is now largely engaged in fruit-growing. In 1841 he was married to Ophelia 
 Mitchell, of Wayne Co., N. Y. To them have been born 1 son and 3 daughters. 
 Of these, the 3 daughters are living. 
 
 William Hulbert, retired farmer, was born in Conneticut in 1806. In his 
 youth he became a resident of Berkshire Co., Mass., subsequently residing in 
 Chautauqua Co., N. Y., where he married Abigail Snow, and 6 children were born 
 to them — Franklin W., L3'man S., James W., Emma .!., Caroline and Electa. In 
 1827 Mr. H. settled in Pittsfield tp., where he entered 80 acres of Government 
 land. By industry, perseverance and economy, he has succeeded in accumulat- 
 ing choice county and city property. He is, strictly speaking, a self-made man, 
 for, left an orphan at an early age, he has grown wealthy through his own indi- 
 vidual and laborious efforts. 
 
 William Humphrey, one of Washtenaw's worthy pioneers, was born in Brill, 
 England, June 16, 1817. He immigrated to America, and in May, 1836, located in 
 Lodi tp. When he arrived in this county he had but $5 in money, and this 
 59 
 
1008 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 amount lie expended for two bushels of wheat. He was then employed as a 
 laborer, receiving |13 per month for the work, he performed. By energy and 
 perseverance through several years, he managed to accumulate enough money 
 to purchase a farm. He now owns 300 acres of valuable land. Thinking that he 
 had acquired a competenc}' sufficient for his future wants in life, in 1874 he re- 
 tired from active business and removed to Ann Arbor, where he resides at pres- 
 ent. Dec. 27, 1847, he married Elizabeth Simms, who was born in England Oct. 
 14, 1816. They have 4 children— George W., Martha J., wife of William Gray, 
 dementia A. and William G. For 25 years Mr. Humphrey held offices of trust 
 in Lodi tp., and in politics, is a firm believer in the principles inaugurated by 
 Andrew Jackson. 
 
 Oapt. Frederick Htison (deceased), was born near Dublin, Ireland, where he was 
 reared and educated. Mr. H. had an eventful life for 17 years. He was in the 
 British army, where he obtained the title which is prefixed to his name. In 1859 
 he sold his commission for a handsome sum, and came to Ann Arbor, the main 
 cause for so doing being a request from his sister, Mrs. Prof. George T. Williams, 
 of Ann Arbor. Mr. Huson settled upon a small farm near the city, and a few 
 years ago was thrown from a carriage, sustaining serious injuries, which were 
 probably the main cause of his death, that event taking place a short time since. 
 While living in Ireland he married, June 29, 1844, Mary L. Bradlere, and 6 chil- 
 dren were born to them — George, the eldest, enlisted in the 20th Mich. Vol. Inf., 
 and was killed in battle. His commanding officer, Cul. C. B. Grant, says of him: 
 " He was one of the bravest men in defense of his country I ever knew. We 
 buried him on a beautiful spot, on the banks of the Cumberland river. A rude 
 board with his name, age and date of death on it, marks his resting place, but 
 beneath lie the remains of a noble soldier." Richard was the second child; then 
 Frederick, who died in infancy, in India; Elisha died at Ann Arbor in 1874; 
 Frederick C, owner of the homestead, is a native of Calcutta, India; and Florence, 
 a native of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Jasper Imus, dealer in country produce and fish. West Huron street, Ann Arbor, 
 was born in Ann Arbor in 1844. In early life he learned the blacksmith's trade, 
 and when the war of the Rebellion commenced joined the army as a mechanic. 
 In 1859 he married Margaret McKean, and 3 children have been born to them — 
 Jasper, jr., Nelson and Alexander. Jasper, jr., is a thoroughly practical painter, 
 and strictly honorable in business transactions. 
 
 Peter B. Ingalh, retired farmer, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., April 3, 
 1814, and is a son of Joseph and Mary (Beahan) Ingalls, the parents of 13 children, 
 5 of whom are living. Peter settled in Superior tp., where he worked upon the 
 farm purchased by his father, consisting of 104 acres of valuable land. At an 
 early ceriod he took an active part in the Black Hawk war, being a member of 
 the State Militia at the time. Mr. Ingalls was considered au excellent, marks- 
 man in early days, and obtained a goodly share of his meat with his rifle. He 
 was Justice of the Peace of Ann Arbor tp. for one term, and Township Clerk the 
 same length of time. In 1869 he moved to Ann Arbor, where he has since 
 resided in comfortable circumstances. In 1845 he married Anna Stoddard, but 
 she only lived until 1859, and was buried at Dixboro cemetery. In 1863 he 
 married Mary Shekell, and she bore him 3 children, 1 of which, Osgood, is now 
 living. Mr. Ingalls beheld some exciting times during his early residence in this 
 county, but is now content to spend the remainder of his life in rest. 
 
 Patrick Irwin, proprietor livery, sale and feed stable, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 County Clare, Ireland, in 1888. Ten years later his parents crossed the ocean and 
 eventually settled at Ann Arbor, where Patrick grew to manhood, receiving a 
 liberal education in the grammar schools of that city. When the Rebellion com- 
 menced be enlisted in Co. H, 14th Mich. Vol. Inf., iinder the command of Capt. 
 Richard Beahan, and particiiiated in many severe engagements. When " Sher- 
 man marched down to the sea " Patrick went along. For meritorious conduct he 
 was promoted to Sergeant and ultimately ranked as Captain. He "O'as honorably 
 discharged in 1865. He married Hannah McCann, of Macomb county, Mich., and 
 3 children have been born to them. Mr. Irwin at one time resided at Bay City, 
 Mich., where he officiated as Alderman, 
 
 W. H. Jaekion, D. D. S., at Ann Arbor, was born at Arcade, Wyoming Co., 
 N. Y., in 1840, where he also received his elementary education. In 1860 he 
 came to Michigan and located at Farmington. He intended going through col- 
 lege, and was preparing at Ypsilanti, but in 1862, while on a visit to his father in 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1009 
 
 New York, he enlisted in the 130th N. Y. Inf. Vol., afterward known as the 1st 
 N. Y. Dragoons. During his service he was made Regimental Bugler and leader 
 of the regiment hand. He was the first to sound " to arms " at the battle of Cedar 
 Creek, to which battle Sheridan made his famous ride " From Winchester, twenty 
 miles away." This call to arms he made without orders, and within five minutes 
 the sound of muskets firing was heard all along the line. He served till the 
 close of the war and was present at the time of Lee's surrender. His regiment 
 was in 45 engagements. In 1865 he returned to JMichigau and began the study of 
 dentistry at Northville, Wayne Co., with his brother, H. H. Jackson, now practic- 
 ing in Detroit. Dr. Jackson was one of the committee appointed by the State 
 Dental Society to secure the establishment of a dental college in the University 
 of Michigan. During the first two years of the dental department, 1875-7, he 
 was Demonstrator in this department, and in 1876 graduated therefrom with the 
 degree of D.D. S. He has now been in the dentist business longer than any 
 dentist in Ann Arbor. He has been connected with the ^Michigan State Dental 
 Association since 1866, and is also a member of the Alumni Association of the 
 dental department of Michigan University. He was also a member of the Ameri- 
 can Dental Association but allowed his membership to lapse. He is a member 
 of the Ann Ai'bor Scientific Association, which is composed of a number of the 
 University faculty and other men in the city. The originators of this society were 
 Professor Harrington, Dr, Rose and -Mr. Jackson. All oi^ winter these gentle- 
 men met in the rooms of Professor Harrington, and in the spring organized the 
 society. Dr. Jackson is now an honorary member of the Washtenaw County 
 Medical Society. 
 
 Joe T. Jacobs, dealer in gents' furnishing goods and general clothing, Ann Ar- 
 bor, was born in Ohio in 1839. In that State he was educated, and for a time, when 
 about 13 years of age, worked in a printing office at Mount Vernon, Ohio. In 
 1863, soon after the breaking out of the Rebellion, he entered the army, and 
 served three years, being mustered out as an Adjutant. He then took charge of 
 a stock of goods at Columbus, Ohio, where he remained till 1866. He then went 
 to Cairo, 111., where he T\'as employed in a clothing house as salesman and col- 
 lector until 1867. In that year he came to Ann ^Vrbor, where he opened his present 
 business. In 1880 he was nominated as State Senator from Washtenaw county, 
 on the Republican ticket, and though running far ahead of his ticket was defeated 
 by certain men in his own party. The same year he was a delegate to the Re- 
 publican State Convention. For his public spirit and enterprise Mr. Jacobs is 
 well known. After the first company that started the Toledo, Ann Arbor & 
 Grand Trunk R. R. had failed, and the work had lain still for a long time, he began 
 work to revive an interest in it. He worked hard and faithfully to this end, and 
 subscribed quite largely to it. Interest was awakened, and to-day a running rail- 
 road of great advantage to the citizens of Ann Arbor marks the result of his 
 labors. 
 
 G. S. Jewell, of the firm of C. H. & F. W. Jewell, proprietors Gregory House, 
 Ann Arbor, was born at Bath, Maine, in 1833. He received a good education in 
 his native State, and in 1852 was a pilot on the Saginaw river, in Michigan, also 
 on Lake Michigan, and the Mississippi river. He remained in this business two 
 years, and then engaged as Captain on the Northwestern Union Packet Com- 
 pany, now the Keokuk Northern Line. Mr. Jewell then located at Hudson, Wis., 
 becoming proprietor of the Chapin Hall House ; the building and contents were 
 totally destroyed by fire while in his possession. His next venture was in rafting 
 logs down the Mississippi river. He then went to Winona, Minn., thence to Ra- 
 cine, Wis., and finally located at Ann Arbor. Mr. Jewell was married in July, 
 1857, at Zilwaukee, Michigan, to Alcyone T. McBratnic, and 4 children have 
 been born to them, one of whom still survives. Mrs. Jewell is of Scotch ancestry. 
 F. W. Jewell, of the firm of C. H. & F. W. Jewell,?proprietors Gregory House, 
 Ann Arbor, was born in Stillwater, Minn., in Oct., 1856. He entered Hinkley's 
 Military Academy, and graduated with the rank of Lieutenant. After coming to 
 Ann Arbor, Mr. Jewell attended the law department of Michigan University, 
 graduating in Feb., 1880. He married Carrie Moorman, of Ypsilanti. 
 
 Samuel P. Jewett, retired merchant, Ann Arbor, was born in Middlesex Co., 
 Conn., in 1809, and is a son of Josiah and Elizabeth Jewett. In Cayuga Co., N. 
 Y., he received an academic education, graduating from Cayuga Academy in 1836. 
 In 1833 he married Sarah Cone, a daughter of Elijah Cone, a prominent citizen 
 of Cayuga Co. Mr. Jewett became quite successful as a merchant, and in 1833 
 
1010 HISTOEY OF "WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 he came to Michigan to look at the opening for a business career in the new Ter- 
 ritory. He returned to New York, and after the panic of 1837, he again came 
 West, locating at Ann Arbor. He remained in business until 1853. In 1856 he 
 accepted the general agency for the well-known stove house of Jewett & Root, 
 continuing with them until 1878, when ill-health forced him to abandon the field of 
 active labor. In 1810, Mr . Jewett built his present commodious residence, and sub- 
 sequently the substantial building adjoining the Opera House on Main street. 
 He also owns some very valuable farm property. Mr. J, ranks among the more 
 prominent and liberal citizens of Ann Arbor. 
 
 W. G. Jolly, proprietor meat market, Ann Arbor, is the son of W. B. Jolly (de- 
 ceased), who was born at London, Eng., and came to America about 1855. He 
 immigrated West, and seeing a good location at Ann Arbor, he resolved to settle 
 there and end his days in Washtenaw Co. He secured a position as janitor in 
 the Michigan University, and subsequently was a butcher for a number of years. 
 While living in England he married Mary Judson, and 8 children were born to 
 them — 3 in England and 6 in America. A short time after their arrival in this 
 county, the subject of this sketch was born, and he has been reared to manhood 
 in the beautiful valley of the Huron. He received a liberal education at the Ann 
 Arbor High School, He is now engaged in operating a meat market in Ann 
 Arbor, the one formerly owned by his father, but now the property of the widow. 
 
 Alanson Jones, senior member of the firm of Jones & Allen, blacksmiths of 
 Ann Arbor, was born at Warren, Herkimer Co., N. Y., A. D. 1811. There he re- 
 ceived his education and learned his trade. When a young man he went to 
 Utica, and then to Rochester, where he was for some years in the business of 
 blacksmithing. He was, afterward engaged in business at Albion, Batavia, Wa- 
 terport and Pair Haven, N. Y., until 1863, when he came to Ann Arbor, since 
 which time he has been in business here. 
 
 Charles N. Jones, teller of First National Bank, Ann Arbor, is a native of Ann 
 Arbor, where he was born in 1838. His parents are James and Eliza Jones, who 
 were among the pioneers of this county. In 1858 Mr. J. married Louisa Began, 
 and 1 child was gi-s'en to them — Charles, a clerk in a New York banking es- 
 tablishment. Oct. 18, 1875, he married Mrs. D . M. Watrous, daughter of David 
 Webster, of New York. In early life Mr. Charles N. Jones was a cooper, and also 
 a baggage-man on the M. C. B. R., and in the latter part of his life has been 
 prominently identified with the temperance movement, now holding the position 
 of Vice-President of the Ann Arbor Red Ribbon Club. In 1861 he enlisted in the 
 30th Mich. Vol. Inf , and for 14 mouths seiTed as a private. He was then put in 
 the Quartermaster's department, and in 1864 honorably discharged. He re-enlisted 
 and served till 1866, when he returned to Ann Arbor. He first secured employ- 
 ment in the postolflce, but one j'ear later became teller of the First National Bank, 
 which position he has filled with satisfaction to all, up to the present time. 
 
 James Jones (deceased) was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., in 1805, son of Stephen 
 and Mary Jones, natives of New York. James grew to manhood in his native 
 State, and received his educational training in the district schools. When a young 
 man he learned the cooper's trade. He came West and has worked at his trade 
 in Michigan for many years. He owns a large cooper shop in the lower town of 
 Ann Arbor, but being old, retired from active life, and rested quietly in his old 
 age, until his death. While living in Ontario Co., N. Y., he married Mrs. Eliza 
 Benham, a native of New York, daughter of Thaddeus and Lydia Jones. They 
 have 7 children living — Jane A., wife of George Miller ; Edgar White, a resident 
 of Port Huron ; Sarah, wife of Reuben Crowell, now living in Ann Arbor ; James 
 T., residence Port Huron ; Charles M., teller First National Bank, Ann Arbor, 
 mai-ried Diantha Webster ; John W., Cooper, resident of city ; Helen, married L. 
 N. Minnie, of Port Huron. George W. (deceased) died at Ann Arbor. Mr. Jones 
 died suddenly of heart disease on Feb. 18, 1881. 
 
 Dr. John Kapp, Mayor of Ann Arbor, was born in Northfleld tp., Washtenaw 
 county, July 31, 1841, where he received his elementary education. In 1865 he 
 entered the medical department of Michigan University, from which he graduated 
 with the degree of M. D. in 1868. He engaged in practice at Benton Harbor, Mich., 
 for a short time and then went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he took a partial course 
 in dental surgery and clinical medicine, graduating from the dental department as D. 
 D. S. in 1869. In the spring of that year he came to Ann Arbor, where he has since 
 been engaged in the practice of his profession. Dr. Kapp has served as a member of 
 the Board of Health of Ann Arbor for some years. In 1874 he was elected County 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1011 
 
 Coroner, which oiSce he filled one term of two years. In the municipal election, 
 in the spring of 1880, Dr. Kapp was elected Mayor of the city of Ann Arbor. July 
 3, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss Anna N. Pitt, of South Lyon, Mich. 
 
 C. F. Kayur, manufacturer of cigars, Ann Arbor, is a native of this city, and 
 was born Dec. 1,1853, He was educated in the public schools and learned his 
 present trade in this city with 3Ir. Roland. He worked in Tpsilanti and elsewhere 
 until 1878, when he started in business for himself, which he continued about six 
 months. In 1876 he started his present business, and is now the largest manufact- 
 urer of cigars in this city. 
 
 Amhroie Kearney, proprietor grocery, 33 S. Main street, Ann Ai'bor, is an old and 
 successful business man of that city, and has been more than ordinarily successful in 
 the accumulation of property. Ue was born in Tipperary county, Ireland, in 
 1837, and is a son of Thomas and Julia Kearney, the latter dying in Ireland. The 
 former crossed the ocean in 1840, and settled in Washtenaw county. Ambrose 
 received his business education in Harris county, also at Harrisburg, where he 
 dealt in boots and shoes; was also engaged, in a small way, in saw-mill property. 
 In 1867 Mr. Kearney married Mary L. Martin, of Texas. In matters of public 
 interest Mr. K. always stands in the front rank, and he well merits the success he 
 has achieved since his entree into the business circles of Ann Arbor. 
 
 William, Kearns, of Ann Arbor, was born in County Meath, Ireland, in the year 
 1810. In his native county he was educated and learned the trade of blacksmith. In 
 1829 he emigrated to the new world, locating in Butland Co., Vermont, where he 
 followed his trade until 1833, when he moved to Charleston, N. H., where he resided 
 two years. In 1835 he went to Buffalo, N. Y., and after remaining there a short 
 time started for Michigan. In March, 1836, he arrived at Ann Arbor, where he has 
 since lived. The following year his wife came here. He at once began blacksmith 
 work in this city, and continued it until quite recently, when the weight of years 
 induced him to resign his business to his 2 sons, Richard, who was born in Canada 
 in 1836 and came to Ann Arbor in 1837 with his mother, and Thomas, who was 
 born in Ann Arbor in 1841. Both of these sons were educated in this city, and 
 learned the trade of their father with him. 
 
 John Keck, dealer in furniture, and Superintendent of the Keck Furniture Manu- 
 facturing Co., at Ann Arbor, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, A. D. 1 83;). He 
 received his education in his native land. When about 15 years of age his parents 
 emigrated to America, and located in the town of Scio, Washtenaw Co., Mich., 
 where Mr. Keck remained until he reached his majority, working chiefly on his 
 father's farm. He had, however, worked a little at joiner work, and when of age 
 he came to Ann Arbor and learned the trade of cabinet-maker with Mr. F. Muehlig. 
 He remained with this gentleman but a short time, and entered the employ of Mr. 
 Roller, whom he soon bought out. About six months after making the purchase, 
 his place of business was burned, the stock being saved. He at once opened busi- 
 ness again on Washington street, where he remained until 1869, when he removed 
 to South Main street. In 1867 he started the furniture manufactory of Keck & Co., 
 and in 1868 this company moved into larger quarters. This company during the 
 hard times that followed employed more men than any other firm or company in 
 Ann Arbor, having from 40 to 50 men at work. Their specialty was fine chamber 
 furniture of their own design and pattern, and their wares were sold all over the 
 United States. In 1879 this was changed to a stock company, of which Mr. Keck 
 owns one-half the stock and is Superintendent. He has served the city as its Treas- 
 urer one term, and has done much as a private citizen to promote its welfare. 
 
 T. J. Keech, manager of the Tolbert lumber yards, Ann Arbor. These yards are 
 situated on the corner of Fourth and Depot streets, and were established on a pay- 
 ing basis in 1865, by C. Sutherland & Co., who was succeeded by Mr. Ferdon. 
 From this latter person Mr. Tolbert purchased the yards in 1874. Mr. Tolbert is 
 an extensive lumber dealer of Saginaw city, and is able to retail lumber in Ann 
 Arbor at much lower figures than other merchants. Owing to the absence of the 
 proprietors in different parts of the State, the business in Ann Arbor is under the 
 efficient management of T. J. Keech, who has succeeded in building up a large and 
 fast increasing trade. 
 
 Thomas Keedle, farmer, sec. 8, Ann Arbor tp.; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born at 
 Buckinghamshire, England, in 1814, and is a son of Thomas and Mary Keedle. Mr. 
 K. became a resident of Ann Arbor tp. in his 16th year, and he has since lived in 
 that locality. He was a soldier in the State Militia, and served through the life of 
 that early military organization. In December, 1833, he was united in marriage to 
 
1012 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Sarah Warren, and 14 children were given to them. In 1853 Mrs. Keedle was laid 
 at rest in Ann Arbor tp., and in 1856 he married Sarah Green, who haa been the 
 mother of four children. 
 
 Dr. A. G. Kellogg, of Ann Arbor, Mich., was born in Pittsfield tp., AVashtenaw 
 Co., Mich., in 1854. He received his education at district schools and at the Union 
 School at Ann Arbor. He received his medical education from his father, Dr. D. 
 B. Kellogg, who was the originator of Kellogg's Family Remedies, and died in 1876. 
 Mr. Kellogg then succeeded to his father's practice and business in the manufacture 
 of medicines. His father. Dr. D. B. Kellogg,was also born in Pittsfield tp., in 1834. 
 In 1853 he began practicing medicine as a clairvoyant physician, and continued the 
 practice until his death in 1876. He believed that his knowledge came to him from 
 an outside source while he was in a clairvoyant state. It was while in this condi- 
 tion that he gave the formulas for the medicines known as Kellogg's Family Reme- 
 dies. His reputation was very extensive, and his practice reached all over this 
 country and even to Europe. 
 
 Dorr Kellogg, of Ann Aj'bor, Mich , was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in Feb- 
 ruary, 1799. He received his education in the early district schools. When 33 
 years of age he entered mercantile business with a brother, and followed it about 
 seven j^ears, when he entered the milling business, which he followed until 1836. 
 In 1835 he came to Michigan and spent several weeks at Ann Arbor. Liking the 
 appearance of the country he took up lands, intending to return and improve 
 them. But not until 1836 did he return. He made the trip in 1835 from Cayuga 
 county, X. Y., to Ann Arljor cm horseback. When he came to Michigan in 1836, 
 he, in company with his brother, built a mill about one and one-half miles up the 
 river from Ann Arbor, known as the McMahon Mill, which was burned a few 
 years ago. This business he followed a few years, when on account of failing 
 health he retired from it. In 1845 he began bookkeeping for Chapin, Tripp & 
 Loomis, in their foundry, where he remained nine years. He then bought some 
 land lying in the limits of Ann Arbor, which he tilled, at the same time keeping 
 the books of Risdon & Henderson, and afterward for Mr. Risdon, with whom he 
 remained until 1874. Since then he has been living a retired life at Ann Arbor. 
 In 1885 he went with a brother to Buenos Ayres, South America, being on the 
 water about three months. The time made on that trip was the shortest that had 
 been made. The usual time out from New York was 60 days, but the vessel he 
 was on made it in 47 days. In 1843 Mr. Kellogg was elected a Justice of the 
 Peace at Ann Arbor. In 1863 he was City Collector, and in 1874-'5 was City 
 Treasurer. He was married in 1836 to Miss Lucretia Annabel, of Cayuga county, 
 N. Y., who died in June, 1863. 
 
 E. E. Kellogg, farmer and dairyman, was born in Livingston county, N. Y. His 
 father, Erastus Kellogg, of Connecticut, moved to Michigan when E. E. was in 
 his fifth year, and purchased 160 acres in York tp. Among pioneer associates Mr. 
 K. grew to maturer years, receiving his education at the common and select 
 schools. He was married to Catherine Reduer, and 1 child was born to them. 
 Mrs. Kellogg died in 1856, and two years later Mr. K. was united in marriage to 
 Margaret Warner, of York tp., and 3 children have been given to them. In 1873 
 Mr. K. removed to Ann Arbor, where he has since resided. He is a member of 
 the Pomological Society of this county, and an active worker in the great Tem- 
 perance movement. 
 
 L. B. Kellogg, the head of the firm of L. B. Kellogg & Co., Ann Arbor, Mich., 
 was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 1839. In 1831 his parents removed to Michiagn, 
 settling in Pittsfield \\>., Washtenaw Co. He followed farming until he was 
 about 31 years old, wlien he went to California, where he remained two years, en- 
 gaged in mining puj'suits . He then returned to Michigan where he remained 
 until 1861, when he again went to the Pacific coast, remaining two years, when 
 he came east to Missouri, where he lived about two years. He then came to 
 Ann Arbor and engaged with his brother in the manufacture of Kellogg's Liver 
 Invigorator, Kellogg's Lung Remedy, Kellogg's Magic Red Drops and Kellogg's 
 Family Cathartic Pills. These remedies are sold all over Michigan, and they 
 send their special prescriptions all over the country. 
 
 Frederick Kempf, farmer, sec. 4, Ann Arbor, was born in Wurtemberg, Ger- 
 many, in 1818. He passed his early j'ears and received his education in his native 
 land. In 1836 his parents came to America. They remained afew years in New 
 York and then came to this county. For some years Mr. Kempf was employed 
 at various work, and in 1843 he purchased a farm of 40 acres which he has in- 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1013 
 
 creased to 184 acres. Mr. Kempf is a member of Bethleliem' Lutheran Church of 
 Ann Arbor, with which he has been connected since coming to this country. In 
 1843 he was married to jNIiss Agnes Eilseser, of Ann Arbor, a native of Wurtem- 
 berg. Mrs. Kempf died in 1866, leaving 4 children. In 1867 he was married to 
 Miss Christine Kolenbach, of Ann Arbor tp., a native of Germany. 
 
 Reuben Kempf, music teacher, Ann Arbor, was born in Washtenaw Co. in 1859, 
 and is the son. of Jacob Kempf, a native of Gej-many, who settled in this county' 
 in 1850, and became a prominent farmer of Pittsfield tp. Mr. K. received his 
 literary education in Ann Arbor, and his musical education at Wurtemberg, Ger- 
 many. Mr. Kempf takes high rank as a musician in the city of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Daniel Kent. N.Broadway St., Ajin Arbor. The history of man is peculiarly 
 interesting, that of pioneers especially so. The life of Daniel Kent, a pioneer of 
 this county, is fraught with no ordinary interest, and at the outset we shall turn 
 backward many years into the dim shadows of the past. Jacob Kent, the grand- 
 father of Daniel, was born in Holland, and came to Maryland at an early day. 
 When the Revolution began he was employed as teamster under Gen. Washing- 
 ton, and won many praises from the officers and soldiers for courage displayed on 
 many a battle-field. During the war of 1812 he acted as a scout, and was inde- 
 pendent on the main army under Gen. Hull, consequently was not included in 
 the list of soldiers at the ignominious surrender of Detroit. He owned about 
 all the cattle in the Western States about that time, and fresh meat being very 
 scarce. Congress purchased all the stock he had, and he received the money for 
 it four years after the sale. With this money he went to Canada, and bought a 
 large tract of land. He remained there until 1829, when he settled in Lodi tp., 
 Washtenaw county, living in this latter place till his death. The subject of this 
 sketch was born at Dayton, Ohio, in 1805, but grew to manhood in Canada. In 
 New London, Canada, in 1827, he married Martha Lamoure, and 8 children were 
 the result of this union, 4 of whom are living — William, Bosetta and Melvina, 
 residents of Manchester, and Edwin, proprietor of meat market, Ann Arbor. In 
 1834, Mr. Kent entered some land near Lodi tp., on the old " Chicago Turn- 
 pike " road. He built a tavern, and as immigration was very heavy for several 
 years, his business prospered, and he gained quite a competency from his farm 
 and tavern. He also kept a tavern in Jackson Co., at a later date. March 9, 
 1870, the partner of his joys and sorrows, and one who had ever proved a worthy 
 counselor and aflectionate wife, was laid to rest, amid the scenes of their early 
 pioneer life. 
 
 Abraham H. King, Arm Arbor, was born at Morristown, New Jersey, in 1823. 
 In 1837 his mother, sister and himself came to this State with an uncle of his, lo- 
 cating in Ingham Co., where they lived two years. He then came to Manchester 
 in this county and after a short time returned to Ingham Co. He began to learn 
 the carpenter's trade there, but in 1845 came to this county, where he finished his 
 trade and has since lived. In 1847 he was married to Julia A. Waters, of Saline. 
 To them have been horn 3 sons. But 1 of tliese is now living. 
 
 Charles M. King, gunsmith, Ann Arbor, was born in this city in 1851. Here 
 he was educated and learned his trade with R. C. Traver, whom he bought out 
 in 1873. Since then he has continued the business. He is a member of Golden 
 Rule Lodge, F. & A. M., of this city, and is also a member of Co. A, 1st Regiment, 
 Michigan State Militia. 
 
 E. D. Kinne, attorney at law, Ann Arbor, Mich., was born atDeWitt, Onondaga 
 Co., N. Y., in the year 1842. He received his earlier education at Syi-acuse, N- 
 T., high school and Cazenovia Seminary. In 1860 he entered Michigan Univer" 
 sity, from which he graduated in 1864. Through a former acquaintance with 
 Professor Andrew D. White, now President of Cornell University, he came to Ann 
 Aibor. After graduating from the University he entered Columbia Law School 
 at Washington, D. C, from which he graduated in 1867. In the fall of that year 
 he came to Ann Ai-bor and began the practice of law as a partner with Olney 
 Hawkins, then the oldest lawyer in the city. He was elected Mayor of Ann 
 Arbor in 1875 and again in 1876. He has also been City Attorney and Recorder 
 of Ann Arbor. In 1867 he was married to Miss Mary Hawkins, daughter of 
 Olney Hawkins, of this city. 
 
 Hiram Kttredge, proprietor livery on Ann St., Ann Arbor, was born near Utica, 
 N. Y. , and is a son of Luther Kitredge, a pioneer of Washtenaw county. Hiram 
 grew to manhood in New York, and received a limited education. In 1842 he 
 
1014 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 went to Ann Arbor, and 10 years later to California, where he was engaged in 
 teaming and mining tor several years. In 1863 he removed to Ann Arhor once 
 more, where he has permanently located and accumulated,by well-directed efforts 
 and indomitable -will, a good property. In 18fi3 he married Cornelia Weeks, 
 and 4 children are the result of this marriage — JIattie, :Mary, Hiram and Nelia. 
 In 1879 he built a spacious and handsome, two-story bricli "livery stable, having 
 a solid floor, after the manner of Nicholson pavement. 
 
 Earle Knight, Secretary of the Ann Arbor Agricultural Works, Ann Arbor, was 
 born in New Yorls in 1851, and was in his fifth year when his parents came West, 
 and located at Ann Arbor. Mr. Knight received the first rudiments of an education 
 at the public schools at Ann Arbor, and in 1871 graduated from the Michigan 
 University. In 1872 he was in the employ of Government in the lake survey along 
 the St. Lawrence river, and subsequently was civil engineer in the building of the 
 Toledo & Ann Arbor railroad. He was assistant chief engineer of the Canada 
 Southern railroad, and afterward became chief engineer of the Lake Shore railroad 
 in 1874-'5. He resided in Missouri for some time, and on his return to Ann Arbor 
 was elected Secretary of the Ann Arbor Agricultural Works. Mr. Knight was 
 united in marriage to Clara Kelly, daughter of Judge Kelly (deceased), of Cleve- 
 land, Ohio. 
 
 Johnson W. Knight, Cashier of the First National Bank of Ann Arbor, was born 
 Oct. 25, 1823, in Erie county, N. Y., on what was known as the "Holland Pur- 
 chase;" worked on his father's farm and attended the district schools until his 18th 
 year, then spent four years at an academy and in teaching; then 10 years (1845-'55) 
 he followed the mercantile business, with fair success; in the spring of 1856 he re- 
 moved to Detroit, and the following fall to Ann Arbor, where he resumed merchan- 
 dising, purchasing the interest of the senior member of the firm of H. Bicker & Co., 
 and continued until the spring of 1861 . He was one of the organizers of the first 
 bank in the State under the national plan, the First National Bank of Ann Arbor, 
 which went into operation July 1, 1863; has been actively engaged in its manage- 
 ment from the start, having been a Director and the Cashier since early in 1866. 
 Politically, Mr. K. is a Republican, having been brought up in an anti-slavery com- 
 munity; was a Whig in the days of that party; he was a delegate to the first 
 Republican State Convention of the Empire State. In religion Mr K. is a Presby- 
 terian . 
 
 John Koch, of the firm of Koch & Haller, furniture dealers, was born at Wittem- 
 berg, Germany, in 1848. Here he was also educated and learned the business of 
 cabinet and furniture making in all its branches from drafting to the complete 
 finishing of the work. He was also employed at Tuebingen in a very large furni- 
 ture house. In 1866 he came to America and located at New Haven, Ct., remain- 
 ing there but a short time. In 1867 he came to Ann Arbor, where, during the next 
 three years, he was in the employ of several men. He then went to Columbus, 
 Ohio, where, for a few months, lie was employed in a large house. Returning to 
 this county he went into business at Dexter, under the firm name of Costello & 
 Koch, and was there in business two years. At the end of that time he sold out 
 and came to Ann Arbor. The next seven years he was in the employ of John 
 Keck and the Keck Manufacturing Co., of which he is a stockholder. During his 
 employ with the company he was assistant superintendent of the same. In May, 
 1880, he went into business for himself at Ann Arbor, and in November, 1880, re- 
 ceived as partner Mr. Haller. 
 
 Conrad Krapf, Ann Arbor, was born in Hesse Cassel, Germany, Jan . 10, 1810. 
 He was there educated and learned the trade of cabinet-maker. He then traveled 
 in Switzerlaod, Holland, Austria, France and all Germany to make himself master 
 in his trade, which position he acquired in 1834. In 1836 he came to America. He 
 had, from a child, determined to come to this country of free ideas and speech. 
 He lived one year in New York, and in 1837 came to Ann Arbor. There being no 
 cabinet work here at that time, he engaged in building, which he followed success- 
 fully for 40 years. Mr. Krapf was one of the early abolitionists in this county. 
 In 1847 he was elected Poor Master. In 1859 he was elected Supervisor and 
 served until 1866. He was again elected in 1872, and has served continuously to 
 the present. In 1880 he was elected on the Republican ticket by a majority of 
 205. During the war he was enrolling-officer, making up the names of the men in 
 his district subject to the draft. He is a member of the societies of Freemasons 
 and Odd Fellows in this city. Mr. Krapf believes in free thought and speech, and 
 gives to all the right to liberty of views. 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1015 
 
 Hermann Krapf, proprietor sash, door and blind factory, Detroit street, Ann 
 Arbor, was born in Ann Arbor in 1841. In 1836, his father located here, and 
 now ranks among the old pioneers of the Washtenaw county. "When nine years 
 old, the mother of Hermann was laid to rest within a short distance of the old 
 homestead. Hermann was liberally educated, and in August, 1801, he enlisted 
 in Co. H, 1st ilich. Cav., for three years' service. In 1803 he re-enlisted in the 
 same company as veteran, and was honorably discharged in 1866. After returning 
 to Ann Arbor, he engaged quite extensively in the lumber trade and in 1876 
 established his present business. In 1866 he married Julia Vanderwalker. 
 This union was blessed with 2 children— AVillie and Ed\\-in. Jtr. Krapf is a 
 member of the I. O. O. F., in which body he holds an olBcial position. 
 
 i/erari/ A>aMs«, proprietor of tannerj', and dealer in boots and shoes, Ann Ar- 
 bor, was born in Prussia in 1830. He received a liberal education, and in 1844 
 came to ^Michigan, in 1845 settling at Ann Arbor. While living in Germany he 
 learned the tanner's trade, and in 1846 he established the first tannery in Ann 
 Arbor, and soon became prosperous beyond his most sanguine expectations. 
 In 1868 he built the large tannery, a description of which will be found in an- 
 other part of this volume. Mr. Krause married Catherine Hirth, a daughter of 
 George Hirth, by whom he has 9 children. 
 
 Charles Kly Latimer, Ann Arbor, was born at Bloomfleld, Hartford Co., Conn., 
 Nov. 22, 1843. His parents were Lester and Abigail (Ely) Latimer, the former a 
 native of Connecticut, and the latt%- a native of Massachusetts. He was reared 
 on a farm until 21 years of age, receiving his educational advantages at the Blnom 
 field Academy and the Connecticut Normal School at New Britain. Healso took 
 a com'se of study at Eastman's Commercial College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. In 
 the spring of 1864, he accompanied his parents to Ann Arbor, Mich., where he 
 has since resided, with the exception of three years, when he was in other parts 
 of the Stale. His father died in this county in February, 1878, and his mother in 
 February, ,1880. He was married on his 27th birthday to Sarah E. Elliott, 
 daughter of Isaac and Sarah (Hurd) Elliott, old pioneers of Washtenaw county. 
 They have 1 child — Florence E., who was born at Lansing, Michigan, June 9, 1875. 
 Mr. Latimer is employed at present as bookkeeper by Zina P. King and the 
 Tolbert Lumber Company, both of Ann Arbor. He is a member of the Congre- 
 gational Church, in which body he officiates as Trustee. 
 
 H. Laubengayer , senior member of H. Laubengayer & Co., grocers, Ann Arbor, 
 was born in Scio tp. , Washtenaw Co., in 1 849, and received in his youth an aca- 
 demic education. In 1872 he married Julia Stollsteiner. They have 1 child — Nora. 
 On Feb. 16, 1880, the firm started in their present business, and though not as old 
 as other merchants in that line, they have succeeded in obtaining a remunerative 
 trade. 
 
 Jacob Laubengayer, dealer in fresh and salt meats, 55 S, Main street, Ann Arbor, 
 was born in Washtenaw county, Scio tp., in 1840. His father, J. G. Laubengayer, 
 emigrated from Germany to Washtenaw county, Mich., in 1832, and settled in 
 Scio tp., where in after years he became, and is at the present time, a well-to-do 
 agriculturist. Jacob grew to manhood in Scio tp., where he received a liberal 
 education. He has been engaged in the meat business in Ann Arbor for the past 
 20 years, and has been exceedingly prosperous. He owns his place of business, 
 also fine city property. He married Mary Luick, and they have 1 child — Olga. 
 
 John F. Lawrence was born at Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1845, and here received his 
 education, graduating from Michigan University in 1866, and from the law 
 department of the same in 1868. Since that time he has been practicing at Ann 
 Arbor with the exception of one year in New York city. In 1872 was elected 
 Circuit Court Commissioner of Washtenaw county, and re-elected in 1874, holding 
 the position four years in all. Mr. Lawrence is now in practice at Ann Arbor, 
 with an office in the Opera House Block. 
 
 John Lennon, an early settler in this beautiful region, was born in Tompkins 
 county, N. Y., in 1813, and is a son of Robert and Mary Lennon, natives of Ire- 
 land. When a young lad, John was apprenticed to a brick-mason, and after taking 
 up his residence in Ann Arbor became a contractor and builder of more than ordi- 
 nary ability. For 24 years he was in the employ of the M. C. R. R., and the greater 
 portion of that time he was engaged in building depots, working in the buildings 
 of that character in Chicago and Detroit. He was married at Ithaca, N. Y., to 
 Lydia E. Ingalls. 1 child is living — Spencer D., born at Ann Arbor in 1845, and 
 married in 1872 to Udera Miller, a daughter of Nelson and Rachel Miller, of Ann 
 
1016 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Arbor. Mr. and Mrs. Lennon have 2 children — Melvin and Nettie M. Since 1878 
 Mr. Spencer D. Lennon has been engaged in fruit culture at Ann Arbor, a business 
 in which he has been very successful. 
 
 S. Le Van (deceased), who settled in Northfield tp., Washtenaw county, as 
 early as, 1829, was born in Philadelphia in 1800, where he grew to manhood and 
 received a liberal education. In 1820 he located at Avon, N. Y., where he fol- 
 lowed agricultural pursuits. In 1829 he married Sarah Scott, and as previously 
 mentioned, came West and settled on 140 acres of heavily timbered land. Like 
 other pioneers he had little capital except honesty and energy, but in the many 
 years he lived in this county he made these two qualities enter extensively into 
 business^ so at the close of his life in 1867, he possessed a goodly share of this 
 world's goods. His wife still survives, being at present in her 76th year. She 
 has 2 children — .1. A. and George W. The elder, J. A., was born in Northfield tp. 
 in 1834 ; he married in 1855, Miss Emily Peebles, daughter of Reuben Peebles, of 
 Salem tp. -They have 4 children — Ada B., Minnie, Eldridge and Walter. Mr. 
 Le Van is the possessor of the old homestead, and an enterprising business man 
 of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Cyrus A. Lewis, dealer in boots and shoes, Ann Arbor, was born at Grafton, 
 Worcester Co., Mass., in 1832. When he was but a lad he removed to Rhode 
 Island, where he was educated. In 1851, when 20 years of age, he removed to 
 Jackson Mich., where for eight years he was employed in a shoe house. He 
 then went to Detroit, where for seven years he^as in the same business. He then 
 came to Ann Arbor, where he purchased his present business and has since been 
 in trade. While in Rhode Island Mr. Lewis learned the trade of his choice, ma- 
 chinist, but he was troubled with asthma, and the dust arising from his work so 
 aifected him that he was obliged to give it up. 
 
 S. B. Lewis, photographic artist, Ann Arbor, is a native of Canada, and was 
 born at Dereham, Oxford Co., Ontario, A. D. 1844. There he received his educa- 
 tion and was variously employed until 1874, when he removed to Ann Arbor. He 
 at once opened a photographic studio, and began the business. Mrs. Lewis, his 
 wife, was a practical artist, and from her he learned the art. Mr. Lewis has, by care 
 and sttidy, made himself an expert in the business, his work ranking with the 
 best. In 1878 he made the class pictures for the graduating class of the homeo- 
 pathic medical department of the University of Michigan, and in 1878 and 1879 
 the class pictures for the graduating class of the dental college. 
 
 Oeorqe Newell Lovejoy, Ann Arbor, was born near Rochester, N. Y., in 1844. 
 In 1858 his parents removed to this city, where his father, Dr. Lovejoj', practiced 
 medicine until his death in 1865. The subject of this sketch passed two years 
 in the high school of Ann Arbor, and then under private tutors prepared for col- 
 lege. In 1862 he entered the University of Michigan, where he pursued an op- 
 tional course and at the same time a course in law. He graduated from the law 
 department of the University in 1864, but has never practiced the profession. 
 Previously he obtained a musical education at Lyons, N. Y., in a conservatory 
 under the direction of Lyman Hinsdale Sherwood, the father of the noted pianist 
 Wm. H. Sherwood, of Boston. Mr. Lovejoy is himself the composer of a number 
 of pieces of vocal music that have become quite popular. In 1866 he went to 
 Rochester, N. Y., where for two years he was engaged in the newspaper work. 
 In 1868 he returned to Ann Arbor and the two following years he devoted to 
 teaching music and writing for various papers and magazines. Since 1870 he has 
 been employed in literary work. He is now a regular correspondent of the Bos- 
 ton. Transcript and Washington Rfpublican, and an occasional contributor to the 
 New York Post, Tribune, Graphic, Harper's and Scribner's magazines and other 
 periodicals. 
 
 Luick Bros., proprietors planing mill, and sash, door and blind factory, Ann 
 Arbor, transact a large and increasing business in the above line. As the name 
 implies, they are of German descent. They were born in Michigan, Emanuel in 
 1844, and Gotlieb in 1846. They were educated in Lima tp., and learned the car- 
 penter and joiner's trade. They'have built up a lucrative business by honesty and 
 integrity. 
 
 Geo. P. Lutz, Ann Arbor, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1821, He was 
 there educated and learned the trade of saddler and harness maker, which he 
 was engaged in until 1844, when he came to America. He located at Dexter in 
 this county, and in 1846 came to Ann Ai-bor. Until 185.3 he worked at his trade 
 for J. VoUand, of this city. He then opened a shop for himself, which he kept 
 
ANN AEBOR TOWNSHIP. 1017 
 
 until 1858, wheii lie went into a grocery and restaurant business, at number 40 
 South Main St., where he has since remained. Mr. Lutz has twice been elected 
 as Constable, and three times Alderman, in which position he served five years. 
 He is a member of the Arbeiter-verein of Ann Arbor, and has held s^'everal offices 
 in that society. 
 
 William Lynburner, who located in Washtena-s\- county in 1866, was born in the 
 District of Niagara, Canada, in 1809. He became prominent in saw-milling oper- 
 ations in Canada, as also in agricultural pursuits. At an early day he removed to 
 New York, and while a resident of that State married Messinah Burke, and 9 
 children were sent to bless this alliance — Meliuda, wife of J. H. McLean, of Ann 
 Arbor ; Mrs. Prof. Frazer, of Ann Arbor ; Sarah, wife of Rev. B. B. Rogers, of 
 Centralia ; Eliza, wife of George Johnson, of Lodi tp. ; Lucina, wife of George 
 Caswell, of Burlingame ; William A. , a resident of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Christian Mack, President of Ann Arbor Savings Bank and one of the leading 
 dry-goods merchants in Ann Arbor, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1834. 
 He was educated in his native land, and there learned the mercantile business. 
 When 17 years of age Mr. Mack came to America, believing he could do better 
 here than in Germany. From being in company with his employer's children 
 who could speak English, he had learned the language. He first located at San- 
 dusky, Ohio, remaining there but a short time. In 1851 he came to Ann Arbor, 
 where he for a short time was employed on a farm. He remained only a few 
 months and then entered the store of Mr. Ainslee, for whom he worked until Mr. 
 Maynard bought out Mr. Ainslee. In 1857 he went into the dry-goods for him- 
 self, and in 1860 took Into the business as partner Mr. Frierich Schmid, jr. In 
 1875 he was elected President of the Ann Arbor Savings Bank. He is also a 
 member of the Board of Education of Ann Arbor, and has been for some years. 
 By careful and economical habits Mr. Mack has come to be one of Ann Arbor's 
 leading merchants. 
 
 Hon. Emanuel Mann, druggist, Ann Arbor, was born at Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, 
 Germany, June 4, 1814. When he was but 12 years of age his parents came 
 to the United States and located at Reading, Pa., where Mr. Mann received 
 his education. In 1S30 they migrated to Michigan, and settled at Ann Arbor. 
 Mr. Mann lived with his father and worked with him in the tanning business, 
 later on carrying on the business for himself. In — he engaged with Mr. 
 Eberbach in the drug business, and they continued together under the name of 
 Eberbach & Co. until 1876, when he withdrew from the firm. He remained out 
 of business until 1878, when he purchased the drug business at No. 39 South Main 
 street, where he is now located. Mr. Mann was among the first Germans to come 
 into Washtenaw county. By careful and industrious habits he has acquired a 
 fair share of this world's goods. His strict integrity and upright ways have won 
 for him the confidence and regard of all who know him . For three years he was 
 a member of the Common Council of Ann Arbor, and was also one of the Board 
 of Education of the city. In 1870 he was elected State Senator from Washtenaw 
 county, which position he held one term. 
 
 Jonathan Henry Mann (deceased) was born at Ludwigsburg, Kingdom of 
 Wurtemberg, Germany, April 26, 1784. He came to the tfnited States in 1824, 
 and spent several years traveling in this country and Mexico. In 1826 his family, 
 who had remained in Germany, joined him at Reading, Pa., where he was en- 
 gaged in agricultural pursuits. In the spring of 1830 he moved to Ann Arbor, 
 where he followed the vocation of farmer for many years . He died Aug. 18, 
 1865, at the advanced age of 81 years. 
 
 George Marsden, Ann Arbor, was born at Denton, Lancashire, England, in 
 1833. He was there educated and learned the trade of cordwainer, or shoemaker, 
 which he followed about two years. He then followed the business of cattle 
 dealer, provision broker, farmer and other vocations, until the Rebellion of the 
 United States, at which time he lost heavily. He then engaged in various em- 
 ployments, chiefly gardening, which he now follows. In 1874 he came to Amer- 
 ica, and for one and a half years was in Toronto, Ont. In 1876 lie came to Ann 
 Arbor, which is now his home. 
 
 Christian Martin, of the firm of Martin &Fischer, proprietor Western Brewery, 
 Ann Arbor, was born at Baden, Germany, in 1854, and is a son of Matthew and 
 Tracy Martin. Christian resided in Germany until he was 17 years old, and 
 learned the brewer's trade. In 1871 he came to America, first settling at Battle 
 Creek, Mich., where he remained some four years. He then came to Ann Arbor 
 
1018 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 where he has since resided. (An account oi' the Western Brewery will he found 
 in another portion of this work.) 
 
 OWB«r 1/. i/arizB, ex-Mayor of Ann Arbor, was bom at Woodbridge, N. J., in 
 1816. His father, Dr. William Martin, of Kew Jerpey, was a prominent physician 
 and surgeon of that State, and rendered excellent service to Government, in the 
 latter capacity, during the Rebellion. He died in New Jersey many years ago. 
 He married barah Elston, and she bore him 15 children, 6 of whom are living. 
 Oliver M. founded the first undertakers' establishment in Newark, N. J. In 1836 
 he located at Ithaca, N. Y., where he married PhcEbe Hawkins. In 1843 he settled 
 at Ann Arbor, shortly after engaging in the furniture business. He built him a 
 handsome briclc building on Main street, but in 1870 his business was somewhat 
 crippled by a destructive conflagration. He was City Marshal of Ann Arbor, and 
 some time after was elected Mayor, being re-elected the following year. In this 
 ofiice he displayed considerable executive ability, and merited the respect and con- 
 fidence of all classes. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. The marriage 
 previously mentioned was blessed with the birth of 5 children, 2 of whom are liv- 
 ing — Benjamin H., a resident of Bay City, and Oliver M., jr., of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Damd Marx, Ann Arbor, better known as Little Mack the Clothier, was born in 
 Germany, in 1844. He was educated in his native land, and was also in general 
 merchandise there. In 1868 he came to America, and located at Plattsburg, N. Y., 
 where he remained four years. From there he removed to Greenwich, Washington 
 Co., N. Y., where he was in business until 1878, when he sold his business and came 
 to Ann Arbor, and established his well-known clothing house. Since that time he 
 has been a citizen of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Paschal Mason (deceased) was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., A. D. 1800. He 
 was educated in the schools at his home, and learned the practical life of a farmer. 
 When about 20 years of age he removed to Orleans Co., N. Y., where he lived until 
 1822. In that year he came to Michiffan and located at Nankin, Wayne Co. He 
 there was engaged in farming until 1850, when he removed to Salem, Washtenaw 
 Co., where he lived until 1863. He then came to Ann Arbor, where he carried on 
 a small farm until his death. In 1824 he was married to Miss Harriet Warner, of 
 Yates, Orleans Co., N. Y. To them were born 4 children, 3 sons and 1 daughter, 
 all of whom are living. Mr. Mason was a very public-spirited man, and took great 
 interest in the advancement of this county. He held several offices in this and 
 Wayne counties. He died May 20, 1875, after a long and useful life. 
 
 Amos Matteson (deceased) was a native of Orleans county, N. Y., born there 
 April 3, 1813, and was a son of Epaphras Matteson, who settled in this county in 
 1834, on sec. 13, Ann Arbor tp., on a tract of land comprising 80 acres, and was 
 born in Connecticut Sept. 22, 1763. Mary Madison, his wife, was born Aug. 4, 
 1767. They were married Feb. 7, 1801. They had 4 children, of whom Amos 
 was the fourth, and settled in this township as early as 1824, on the farm now 
 owned by Epaphras Matteson. This land (80 acres) was purchased from Govern- 
 ment for $100, and the patent bears the signature of James Monroe. This land 
 was, comparatively speaking, unimproved, and his nearest neighbors were in 
 some instances miles away. Game was numerous, and venison comprised the 
 principal part of the meal. Owing to the bad condition of the roads, a week was 
 frequently consumed in obtaining grist from Detroit. He built a log house of the 
 usual dimensions, where he lived for a number of years. As the years rolled by 
 he became^ prosperous and througli his energetic efforts he ' became com- 
 fortably situated. Like a majority of the pioneers, he was extremely 
 fond of hunting and fishing. He passed away from earth in 1848, and 
 was buried at Dixboro. Mrs. Matteson, his wife, who is still living, settled in 
 Washtenaw county in 1830. Their union was blessed with 3 children— Zilpah, 
 who married Ella Parsons, of Pittsfleld tp. ; Artela Stark, living in Ionia county, 
 Mich., and Epaphras, who was born in this county in 1836, and educated at the 
 common schools. He has been a successful farmer through a long and eventful 
 life. He is a man of means, enterprise, and thrift, and owns 180 acres of tillable 
 land. He was married Sept. 13, 1868, in Superior tp., to Mary Connelly, born in 
 thiscounly, and a daughter of Maurice Connelly. They have 3 children — Ralph, 
 Epaphras and Anna G. His grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, 
 and his father served in the Toledo war. 
 
 H. Matthews, proprietor Palace Market, W. Huron St., opp. P. O., Ann Arbor, 
 was born at Northamptonshire, England, in 1842, In 1855 he came to Amer- 
 ica, and in 1866 was united in marriage to Maria Curtis, of Webster tp., Washte- 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1019 
 
 naw county. He established his present business in Ann Ai-bor, some 13 years ago 
 and owns one of the finest meat markets in the city. 
 
 John Matthews, proprietor meat market, N. Main st., Ann Arbor, was born at 
 Ann Arbor in 1854, and is a son of Roger Matthews, who came to this county in 
 1834. John grew up in Washtenaw county, and since his entree into business has 
 been quite successful. 
 
 0. L. Matthews, attorney at law, at Ann Arbor, Mich., is a native of Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was born at Prospect, in that State. He was educated in the common 
 schools and at Witherspoon Institute, at Butler, Pa. He read law with Lewis 
 Mitchell, of Butler, for a time, and then entered the law department of Michigan 
 University, from which he graduated in 1878. He then returned to Pennsylvania 
 where he was engaged in teaching about a year. In 1879 he came to Ann Arbor, 
 since which time he has been engaged in the practice of law and in the real 
 estate and insurance business. 
 
 William McGreary, Ann Arbor, was born at the North of Ireland in 1814. 
 When but a boy he came to America, landing at Quebec. He then followed the 
 St. LawTence and crossed over to St. Albans, Vt., where he lived four years. May 
 17, 1834, he came to Ann Arbor, where he has since lived. When first he came 
 to this county he worked on Mallard's creek during the summer, and went to 
 school in the winter. In the spring of 1835 he came into the city and was in the 
 teaming business, moving passengers, until 1838, when he went into the tanning 
 business, which he followed two years. In 1849 lie sold out to his pai-tner, and 
 in 1850 went into the business of leather and shoe findings, which he followed 
 until 1867. Failing health compelled him then to give up business. Since then 
 he has ti'aveled largel}- for his health. He is now living a retired life at Ann 
 Arbor. 
 
 Patrick McKernan, Circuit Court Commissioner, was born in Northfield tp., 
 in this county, in 1835. He received his elementary education in his native town 
 and also taught school there. When about 34 years of age he came to this city, 
 where he was in the school of Mr. Van Cleve, afterward a General in the TJ. S. 
 army. He also attended Ann jVi-bor Union School for a short time, and the old 
 Seminary in Ypsilanti under Mr. Estabrook a few months. He entered the law 
 department of Michigan University in 1865, from which he graduated in 1867. 
 Since then has practiced law in this city. From 1860 until 1865 he was Supervisor 
 of Northfield tp. He has been Justice of the Peace in Ann Aj-bor four years, and 
 also carried on a small farm. In 1880 was elected Circuit Court Commissioner 
 of Washtenaw Co., which position he now holds. 
 
 James McMahon, attorney at law, Ann Ai'bor, was born in County Clare, Ireland, 
 April 4, 1819. He was educated there and at Innis, where he was in college, but 
 left before graduating, owing to financial reverses. In 1837 he came to the United 
 States locating in Ann Aj-bor. While yet a boy he learned the trade of black- 
 smith, and when he came here he worked for a time for John Huston. In poli- 
 tics he joined the old Whig party and remained with it until the organization 
 of the Republican party at Jackson in 1854,, when he connected himself with it. 
 Soon after coming to this city he began the study of law, which he has practiced 
 the most of the time since living here. He has represented Ann Aj'bor District 
 in the Legislature two terms. He for two terms served as Clerk of the county. 
 During the war he served in this county two years as Provost Marshal. He has 
 also served on the Board of Supervisors in this county five or six years, most of 
 the time as Chairman. He has four times been elected Justice of the Peace in 
 this citj% serving over 14 years, during which time he entered over 5,000 cases on 
 his dockets. In 1878 he was elected Circuit Court Commissioner, and seiwed 
 until Jan., 1880. He is now practicing law at Ann Arbor, with his otfice at the 
 corner of Huron and Main streets. 
 
 D. McMillan, dealer in pictures and artists' supplies, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 Canada, of Scotch parents, A. D. 1835. He was educated chiefiy in Ohio. In 1843 
 he began to learn the trade of cabinet maker, which he completed. In 1848 he 
 settled in Ohio, where he lived until 1851, when he returned to Canada. However, 
 he Intended returning to the United States to live, which he did in 1859, when he 
 came to Ann Arbor; this has since been his home, with the exception of two years, 
 which he spent in the service of the Government during the war, in the contract 
 and building department. He then returned to this city, where he was engaged in 
 pattern maUng and carpenter work until 1878, when he purchased the art rooms of 
 
1020 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW GODNTT. 
 
 Winslow Brothers. This business he has built-up and improved, and now has a 
 fine trade. 
 
 MamfieU S. McOmber (deceased) was born at Walworth, N. Y., in 1815, and 
 came to Michigan when a boy. He settled in Washtenaw county in 1849, and in 
 early years was a mechanic of more than ordinary ability. In later years he dis- 
 played unusual energy and perseverance as a business man, and was engaged in 
 various enterprises. He was married at Highland, Mich., to Miss A. Stevens, and 
 12 children were born to them, 4 of whom — C. S., George W., Edwin, and Allen — 
 are residents of Ann Arbor. George W. is a young man possessing great business 
 talents. He is proprietor of a confectionery on State street, and is also agent for 
 the Toledo Steam Laundry. 
 
 Lorenzo Merritt Lyon, retired farmer, was born in ISTew York city, in 1804. 
 His father, Samuel Lyon, was born in Westchester Co., N. Y., and brought up at 
 a farmer. He was married to Miss Sarah ]\Ierritt, a native of Long Island. After 
 marriage, he removed to New York city. He remained in the latter place a 
 number of years, then disposed of his property, and bought a farm at Ithaca, He 
 subsequently sold his farm, and again returned to the busy scenes of mercantile 
 life in Clanandaigua. He sold his property and business in 1830, and immigrated 
 to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he died. Lorenzo spent his youthful days at 
 school in New York city, and at the age of 14 j^ears, entered the broker's office of 
 Robert Bruce, at 54 Water st. When 16 years of age he left his position for 
 Western New' York. He traded for two lots of land in Scio tp., this county, 
 after which he determined to come to this State, which he did, arriving 
 at Ann Arbor, Nov '13, 1830. On Feb. 33, 1833, he was married to 
 Lura Lane, a native of Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., and daughter of David Lane, 
 who settled in Washtenaw county, in 1830. Eight children have been born to 
 them, 7 of whom are living— Daniel, Charles W., Maria, Robert G., Theodore H., Ar- 
 thur S.,and Jennie C, ; Helen J. is deceased. Mr. Lyon has been identified with all 
 the different features of advancement connected with pioneer life, and is proud 
 of the fact that he was one of Washtenaw county's first and hardy citizens. He 
 has been honored with different positions of trust in Scio tp. Mr. Lyon connected 
 himself with the M, E. Church in 1832, and for nearly half a century has strived 
 to walk in the " straight and narrow way." He is an active mover and partici- 
 pant in the temperance cause. A few years ago Mr. Lyon moved to Ann Arbor 
 and built a fine residence on W. Huron st. 
 
 Lewis Miller (deceased) was born in Scio tp., Washtenaw Co., in 1844, and 
 was a son of Godfrey Miller, a native of Wurtemberg, Germany. He married, in 
 Scio tp., Fredericka Burkhardt, who settled in this county in 1848. Mr. Miller 
 became a farmer of prominence in Scio tp,, owning at the time of his death 335 
 acres of valuable land. His widow sold this property in 1880, and at present re- 
 sides in Ann Ai-bor, where she owns valuable city property. 
 
 D. 8. Millen, proprietor Ann Arbor Soap Works, was born in Connecticut in 
 1823, and is a son of .John D. Millen. At the age of seven years, his parents 
 moved to Ballston, N. Y., and thence to Albany. In 1839 D. S. moved to De- 
 troit, Mich,, when he became employed in the Whitney Tribune Corps, In 1840 
 he was a resident of Grand Rapids, and moved from the latter place to Ann Arbor. 
 In 184.J, he married Levisa Booth, a daughter of Elijah Booth, of New York city, 
 Mr. Millen was a manufacturer of hubs and spokes in Wisconsin for 11 years, 
 but since his residence in Ann Arbor, has devoted his time and attention to the 
 manufacture of an excellent quality of erasive soap. 
 
 Lorrin Mills, one of the pioneers of Ann Arbor, was born in Litchfield county. 
 Conn., Dec. 15, 1804, and was the ninth son of Asa and Arethusa Mills, natives of 
 Connecticut. Of this family a prominent journalist says: "Lorrin Mills is one 
 of a family of 14 children ; of these 10 lived to middle age, married, and became 
 heads of families ; all are Christians and professional singers ; all pledged to total 
 abstinence ; all are Republicans. Of the male members four are church Deacons. 
 The posterity of this family number about 150 gi-andchildren and greatgi-and- 
 children. In 1863 seven brothers and one sister met at Kalamazoo, Mich., with 
 their consorts and children, in all a family gathering of about 40." At the age of 
 16 Mr. Mills was apprenticed to a merchant tailor, and served considerable time 
 at this trade. In 1836 he came westward, and located in the village of Ann Ar- 
 bor in June. He built a small frame building that served for a home for several 
 years. In 1828 he married Harriet G. Parsons, a daughter of Roswell and Agnes 
 Parsons, well-known pioneers of this county. Mrs. Mills died June 18, 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1021 
 
 1869, and was laid at rest in the cemetery at Ann Arbor. There are 2 children 
 of Mr. Mills' family living — Addison D. and Kittle B., wife of Rev. R. D. Parker, of 
 Manhattan, Kans. Two children are deceased — Mattie I. died in Febuary, 1860, 
 and Lorrin C. departed this life in August, 1862. In JIarch, 1874, Mr. Mills 
 suffered another bereavement, in the loss of his second wife, formerly Mrs. Bur- 
 nett, whose memory is held in grateful hearts by a large circle of relatives 
 and friends. When Mr. Mills arrived in Ann Arbor, he was in all probability 
 the first tailor west of Detroit. Like many who left comfortable homes in the 
 East, he had little capital, financially speaking, but an inexhaustible fund of 
 energj' and vigor, which foreshadowed a prosperous future. The humble dwelling 
 previously mentioned was partitioned off for the double purpose of a home and a 
 workshop. Mr. Mills was a memberofamilitary band, organized in Buffalo, N. Y., 
 and was identified with the reception committee who welcomed the noble La- 
 fayette to Afnerica's shores, on the occasion of his re-visit to this country, and had 
 the honor of a formal introduction to the great French General. He was also an 
 eye witness of the opening of the Erie canal, and was in the band that furnished 
 music on that occasion. Mr. Mills has been a Deacon in the Congregational 
 Church for 34 years, evincing a kind, Christian spirit, and has indeed proved him- 
 self a worthy laborer in the vineyard of the Lord. He has served as Superinten- 
 dent of Sabbath-schools for 2,5 years, and for 19 consecutive years, from its 
 organization, Superintendent of the Congregational school at Ann Arbor. He 
 also led chm'ch choirs for 25 or 30 years. Pie is now residing at Ann Arbor, in 
 very comfortable circumstances, a fitting reward for the laborious and faithful 
 sei'vices in the trying scenes of pioneer life. 
 
 Mr. Mills' portrait is given in this volume. 
 
 George W. Moore, bookkeeper with C. Eberbach, was born in Phelps, Ontario 
 Co., N. Y., in 1825, and is a son of Loren and Philena (Amsden) Moore, the former 
 a native of Vermont, and the latter a native of Massachusetts. George was but 
 six years old when his parents settled in York tp., and spent his early life among 
 the pioneer scenes of Washtenaw county. He received a liberal education at the 
 district schools, and applied himself closely to study, while others more careless 
 whiled away the precious time in frivolous amusements. In his 33d year he 
 married Caroline Hunt, a daughter of Timothy Hunt, a pioneer school teacher of 
 Washtenaw county. Four children were born to this un'on, 2 of whom survive — 
 Emily and Ellen. Mrs. Moore died in 1856, and two years later Mr. M. married 
 Jane E. Hunt, of Lodi tp. She died in 1871. In 1873 he married Emily Barnes, 
 a native of Michigan. In former years Mr. Moore was a farmer and grocer. 
 
 John Moore, dealer in books and stationery, Ann Arbor, was born in Berkshire 
 county, Mass., in 1824. He received a liberal education, and at the age of 18 
 removed to Genesee county, N. Y., where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 for about eight years. While a resident of this latter place he married Emily 
 Calkins, and 6 children have been born to them. Mr. Moore is an Elder in the 
 Presbyterian Church of Ann Arbor. About 1868 he embarked in his present 
 business, and so far has been quite successful. 
 
 Lewis Moore (deceased), the founder of the Ann Arbor Agricultural Works, was 
 horn at Lancaster, Pa., A. D. 1808. He grew to manhood in that State, where he 
 married Miss Sarah Chalfin. He was in the agricultural implement business in 
 Pennsylvania until 1853, when he came to Ypsilanti, Mich. There he engaged in 
 farming and lumbering, also carrying on a saw-mill. He died in 1875. He was 
 the receiver of a numlser of patents from 1848-'64, and, like many inventors, lost 
 much from litigation. He was the patentee of a wheat drill, mowing machine 
 and other articles. Of his children, Eli, the elder, grew up in Pennsylvania, but 
 has spent much of his life at Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor. He learned the trade of 
 machinist. He has been connected with the Ann Arbor Agricultural Works as 
 salesman and manager, and is now Superintendent of the same. He married at 
 Ypsilanti, in 1869, Miss Elizabeth Moore. To them have been born 3 sons — Win- 
 tie, Eli and Walter. He is a member of the Masonic Society, Knights of Honor 
 and others. 
 
 Elijah W- Morgan, attorney and counsellor at law, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., May 15, 1805. His parents moved there about 
 1800, when there were not a dozen families living in the town. His father. Rev. 
 Elisha Morgan, of the Black River Baptist Association, was a native of New 
 London Co., Conn., and of Welsh descent, and his mother, a native of Stonington, 
 in the same county. Owing to the scarcity of mechanics, when Watertown was 
 
1022 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 ypt a village Mr. Morgan's father had to exercise his Yankee ingenuity in making 
 and repairing agricultural implements, and Elijah worked with him, and gained 
 a great deal of practical knowledge about all kinds of machinery, and would 
 always learn the reason anything was made the way it was, and what benefit it 
 was to make it that way, and in such cases always endeavored to learn the theory 
 as well as the practice of whatever he did. His mother was quite feeble, and 
 Elijah learned to do housework, to sew, to knit, and in every way he could to save 
 her steps and make life a little brighter for the feeble woman. He grew up a 
 stout, healthy, rosy-cheeked lad, and ^xns quite strong foi' one of his age. One 
 day his father was called to pi'each a funeral sermon, the distance being about 20 
 miles. He told Elijah to cut corn-stalks the next day. The boy hp,d never done 
 such work before, but next day labored long and earnestly at what he supposed 
 was the work given him to do. Most of the kernels of corn at that day had on 
 them a spot of glaze about the size of a duck shot, or small pea. His father re- 
 turned after dai'k and was surprised and displeased to learn that Elijah not merely 
 topped the corn stalks, covering nearly half an acre, but cut to the ground and 
 spoiled all he had touclied, wlien corn was likely to be scarce During the night 
 it grew very cold, and a hoar frost killed all the seed in the vicinity, and for 
 many miles around there was no seed corn raised that year except what that 11 
 year" old boy saved by a mistake ! Elijah was sent to school before he had reached 
 liis sixth birthday, and had not been attending long before he showed conclusive 
 evidence of the remai'kable memory he possessed, and learned so fast that he 
 passed many who had been in attendance for j^ears. When he was nine years old 
 his father moved to a small farm in Rutland county, and when 14, to a place 16 
 miles further east, in Lewis county. He owned no land in this latter place, ex- 
 cept a small garden, and Elijah worked on a farm and at other occupations till 
 he was 17, when he entered Lowville Academy, remaining there four summers ; 
 from the time schools closed in the spring till the close of the academic 3'ear in 
 September. The last two summers he assisted in the academy as teacher, and be- 
 fore the close of the fourth summer he was engaged as assistant teacher in the 
 new academy, from the next spring, until the fall of 1827. This he did, at the 
 same time completing all the studies of the usual college course, and keeping up 
 the study of law in the ofiice of Charles Doyan, an attorney at Lowville. Mr. 
 Doyan was a member of the New York Senate, and his duties requiring almost 
 his constant attendance at Aubm-n, before the academy was out in 1827, he hired 
 Mr. jMorgan to take charge of the business, and to board at his (Doyan's) home, 
 and see to doing what the family required, which duty Mr. Morgan faithfully 
 performed until the spring of 1839. Having heard fabulous stories of the won- 
 derful region lying along the banks of the St. Joseph and Huron rivers, Mr. 
 Morgan decided to emigrate West, and see if it would be a good place for a young 
 attorney to settle. (He had studied law some in New York.) He came to De- 
 troit and from there he traveled over this part of the State, but finally concluded 
 to locate at Ann Arbor, believing that was the best place for an opening. After 
 locating he entered the office of Gideon Wilcoxson, the Prosecuting Attorney of 
 Washtenaw county, remaining with him till he died in August, 1830. He was 
 Deputy County Clerk of this county, and acted as Clerk of the Court until after 
 his admission to the Bar in November, 1830. Jlr. Morgan has been honored with 
 very near all the offices in this county which the people of Washtenaw confer 
 upon any of her citizens. Of the duties of school, village and city offices, and 
 of the business of companies or societies for the benefit of the town or public, he 
 has borne his share of the burdens. He was the first President of the Toledo, 
 Ann Arbor & Northern R. R., and was also Cashier and Director of the Bank of 
 Washtenaw. In matters pertaining to the educational interest of the community 
 he has always taken an active interest, and donated one-fifth of the land on which 
 Michigan University at present stands. The donors numbered seven, three 
 of whom are living to-day. He also sold to the city of Ann Arbor the 
 ground on which the high school building stands, at a veyy small price. In his 
 dealings with persons, as an attorney ,'he always endeavoi'ed to obtain an amicable 
 settlement between all parties connected with the case he had in hand, telling 
 them it was better to do this way than to have a long siege of trouble. He has 
 given his attention to the real estate business more than any other attorney in the 
 county, and has done a large amount of conveyancing, and making contracts for 
 working lands on shares, and such other work as pertains to the business of that 
 office. Mr. Morgan is the oldest practicing attorney in Washtenaw county, but at 
 
^■(^fhte^'^^ 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1025 
 
 present has confined his attention to matters of real estate. He resides on the 
 corner of Fifth and Huron streets. 
 
 A portrait of ^Mr. Morgan will be found in this work. 
 
 Professoi- Gdorge S. Jro7->'is, }/■ A; Ann Arbor, Michigan, Lecturer on Philos- 
 ophy at the Johns Hopl5;ins University at Baltimore, Md., is a native of Vermont, 
 and was born at Norwich in 1840. lie was educated at Kimball Union Academy 
 at Meriden, K. H., and at Dartmouth College, from which he graduated in 1861. 
 In 1863 he went into the army in the 16th Vermont, and remained in the service 
 one year. In 1861-'2 was Principal of Royalton Academy, Vermont. In 1863-'4 
 was tutor at Dartmouth College. He then entered Union Theological Seminar^', 
 where he remained one and a half years pursuing studies. He then went "to 
 Europe, where, until September, 186^, he was studying philosophy. The two fol- 
 lowing years he was engaged in literary work and teaching in New Yorli city. 
 In 1870 he was appointed Professor of ^Modern Languages and Literature in tlie 
 University of ^Michigan, which position he held until February, 1880, when he re- 
 signed it. In 1872 he published the first volume of his translation of "Ueberweg's 
 History of Philosophy" which was followed by the second volume in 1874. In 
 1880 he published " British Thoughts and Thinkers." He has been a contributor 
 to a number of journals, and is an associate of the Victoria Institute, London. 
 
 J. ff. Miirris, attorney at law, Ann Arbor. For the past 30 years, Mr. Morris 
 has practiced before the courts of "Washtenaw county, and during this time has 
 succeeded through his well-known ability in gaining a large share of the public 
 patronage. 
 
 Leoiard Mors' (deceased) was among the representative men and pioneers of 
 this county, and is worthy of a few words in this volume. He was born in Ver- 
 mont, and settled in this county as early as 1824, moving from Canandaigua Co., 
 N. Y. While a resident of Vermont, he was united in marriage to Rachel Grant 
 and 6 children, -t sons and 1 daughter, were given to them — Thomas, John' 
 Calvin, Andrew, Chester and Mrs. Page, of Livingston Co., Mich. Chester, the' 
 youngest of the children, grew to manhood in this county, and followed agricult- 
 ural pursuits the greater part of his life. He married Hannah Agin, daughter 
 of Thomas Agin, in 1841, and 2 children were born to them — Chester, died at 
 the age of 13, and 3Irs. Ellen Slater, who resides in Ann Arbor, being in very 
 comfortable circumstances. 
 
 James Morwick. architect and builder, Ann Arbor, was born in Orkney Island, 
 Scotland, in 1807, and is a son of William and Elizabeth (Balfour) Morwick, the 
 latter being a member of the great Balfour family of Scotland, whose fame ex- 
 tended over two continents. James resided in Scotland until 1832, and worked 
 at his trade, becoming a very skillful workman. In the latter year he went to 
 Canada, where he remained until 1834. He resided at Syracuse, N. Y., for 24 
 years, and in 1860 located at Ann Arbor. In 1834 he married Anna Atkinson, a 
 native of Cumberland Co., England. Mrs. 31. died Feb. 14, 1847, at Harrison, 
 Winnebago Co., Ills., and one year later Mr. M. married Minerva E. Coddington 
 of Wisconsin. Mr. ^Morwick possesses a kind disposition and noble character. 
 During " slavery days," he was a prime mover in the famous Underground Rail- 
 road. As an architect, none stand higher in this county than he. The residences 
 of Dr. Palmer, Judge Cooley, St. Andrew's Episcopal church, bear substantial 
 evidence of the fact. 
 
 B. Mount, contractor and builder, Ann Arbor, was born at Geneva, Seneca Co., 
 N. Y., Oct. 10, 1810, and is a son of David S. and Mary Mount. He was married, 
 and 4 children born to him — J ames, manager of a large cutlery house, New York 
 city; Ida, wife of Attorney Young, of Ohio; Julia and Juliette, residents of Ann 
 Arbor. Mr. Mount removed to Ann iVrbor in 1884, and located permanently in 
 1886. He has been very successful as a builder and assisted in the construction 
 of the old court-house of Washtenaw county. 
 
 David Mowerson, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 14, Ann Arbor tp. ; P. O., Ann 
 Arbor ; was born in New York in 1811, and is a son of Abram and Anna (Hurlburt) 
 Mowerson. He grew to manhood in Monroe Co., N. Y., where he followed 
 farming from boyhood, and succeeded in obtaining a liberal education. During 
 the summer of 1835 he settled in Ann Arbor tp., where he purchased 80 acres of 
 land, on which was a small log house built by James Wood, one of the earliest 
 pioneers of this county. During the pioneer period of his life, Mr. Mowerson 
 endured many hardships, and during the State Militia drills, he officiated as 1st. 
 Lieutenant. In 1843 he married Sabra Fox, a daughter of Phineas P. and Fanny 
 60 
 
1026 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 (Lennox) Fox. They have 3 children — George D. who married Mary Jolly, of 
 Ann Arbor ; Clara A., and Charles J. In 1854, Mr. M. erected his present sub- 
 stantial and handsome residence. Phineas P. Fox, the father of Mrs. Mowerson, 
 was born in New York in 1790, where he was married at 30 years of age. He 
 moved to this county in 1831, settling on sec. 15, in that tp., where he bought 160 
 acres of land. He was described by those who were intimate with him as a very 
 industrious and honorable man. 
 
 J. B. Mowry, farmer, sec. 2, Ann Arbor tp. , was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., 
 in 1809, son of Blisha and Barbara (Barker) Mowry. When James had attained 
 his seventh year his parents settled in Madison county, N. Y., where he remained 
 until 1831. At this latter period he came to Michigan, and settled on a small 
 farm on sec. 2, Ann Arbor tp., part of the land being bought of Government, and 
 part of that well-known eai'ly pioneer, David Botsford. Mr. Mowry had invested 
 all his ready cash in laud and a yoke of oxen to till the virgin soil, and conse- 
 quently, was forced to live for quite a period in a small log cabin. After many 
 years of toil, unknown to many of this day, Mr. Mowry accumulated a compe- 
 tencj^ and now owns 200 acres of magnificent fanning property, his elegant resi- 
 dence being among the finest in the county. While a resident of New York, in 
 1830, he married Alice Edgerton, daughter of William Edgerton. This lady, a 
 most worthy helpmate lo the sturdy (jioneer, departed this life in 1835. Mr. 
 Mowry subsequently married Abigail Nixon, daugliter of John and Sarah Nixon. 
 Four children have been given to them — Sarah, Ludena, Catherine, and Lucinda. 
 
 Charles Murray, Ann Arbor, was born in Sujierior tp., this county in 1848. He 
 was educated in the common schools there and brought up to the work of a 
 farmer. In 18T1 he moved to Hamburg, Livingston county, where he remained 
 one year. He then came to Ann Arbor, where he has since lived. In 1873 he 
 opened a meat market and followed that business one year. He then purchased 
 a steam threshing-machine whicli he has run till the present. In 1880 he threshed 
 48,860 bushels of grain. In 1872 he was married to Miss Mary J. Treadwell, of 
 Dixboro, Washtenaw county. To them have been born 2 sons and 2 daughters, 
 all of whom are living. 
 
 Rev. John Newmin, Pastor of German Lutheran Church, Ann Arbor, was born 
 at Alsace, Germany, in 1841. son of Michael and Catherine (Beck) Newman. 
 .John grew to manhood in France, and was educated at Basle University, Switzer- 
 land, being ordained as a minister in the city of Welshein. In 1867 he emi- 
 grated to America, and first settled in New Buffalo, Mich., where h'e presided 
 over a flourishing congregation for one year. While a resident of this latter place 
 he married Matilda Metzer, daughter of Valentine Metzer, a prominent German 
 of that section of country. Four children were born to them — Matilda A., Will- 
 iam F., Johanna K. and Adele. Mr. Newman is a member of the Evangelical 
 Synagogue of North America, and an able exponent of the gospel. He is a lin- 
 guist of more than ordinary ability, having acquired a proficiency in Hebrew, 
 Latin, French, German and English. 
 
 Prof. J. F. Nichols, Ann Arbor, was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., in 1820. 
 At the age of 12, his parents, Solomon and Ann Nichols, I'emoved to Ogden, N. 
 Y., Avhere the Prof, received his preliminar)- education. He subsequentlj' taught 
 school at Lima and Oberlin, in Ohio, to procure sufficient funds, so as to enable 
 him to obtain a classical education. In 1844, he came to Washtenaw county, and 
 located at Saline, and afterward went to Detroit. In 1850, he married Elvira Rob- 
 inson, a daughter of Loammi and Isabel Robinson, the former a native of Maine, 
 and the latter of ^lassachusetts. They have 2 children — Anna and Alden. Mr. 
 Nichols owns valuable property in Ann Ai'bor, where he has made his home for 
 many years, though for over 30 years he has been engaged in teaching at Detroit, 
 and at present is Principal of Cash Union school of that city, the scholars Jium- 
 beringover 1,000. 
 
 Dr. W. W. NichoU, dentist, Ann Arbor, is a native of the "Empire State," 
 and was born at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., in 1842. In his native town he received 
 his elementarj' education, and later attended school at Patterson, N. Y. In 1863 
 he began the study of dentistry, with Dr. S. V. Howard of Plattsburg, one ot 
 the leading dentists in Eastern New York. He remained with him three years, 
 and in 1866 opened an office atSaugatuck, Allegan Co., Mich., where he remained 
 one year. He then removed to Holland, Mich. In 1871 his house and office 
 were burned in a fire which almost entirely destroyed that place, and he came to 
 Ann Arbor. Here he at once opened his dental rooms, and has since been prac- 
 ticing, his office now being over the Star Clothing House, corner of S. Main 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 1027 
 
 and "Washington streets. In 1877 he took one year of study in medicine at 
 Michigan University. Dr. Nichols is also interested in fruit-growing, having a 
 fine fruit farm of 56 acres, near Ann Arboi'. On this land there are 7,300 pear, 
 apple, plum and peach trees, many of them being in bearing condition. Here 
 he makes his home and devotes the time he can spare from his business to the 
 scientific study and culture of fruit, combining thus, pleasure, profit and health- 
 ful exercise. 
 
 John Nixon (deceased) was born in New Jersey in 1794. He was reared and 
 educated there, and followed farming as an occupation till he emigrated West. Be- 
 fore leaving he was married to Sarah Sutton, and 4 children have been born to 
 them — John (dec), Justice (dec), Nathan, and Sarah (dec). Mr. Nixon came to 
 this county at an early day and bought 160 acres of land on sec. 11, Ann Arbor tp., 
 where he located. Eighty acres of this he bought of the G-overnment at 10 shillings 
 an acre. He built a cabin on this land, and lived there a number of years. Dur- 
 ing this time he kept a public house, and prospered in this business, as there were 
 but few taverns on the road to Detroit. He was a good man, and enjoyed the re- 
 spect of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. He died in 1870 and was laid 
 at rest in the beautiful city of Ann Arbor. Mrs. Nixon died in 1859. She was a 
 native of New Jersey, and a most worthy helpmate in the battle of life. Nathan, 
 the only surviving member of this pioneer family, was born in A.nn Arbor tp., in 
 1836, and has followed agricultm-al pursuit from boyhood, now owning a valuable 
 farm of 100 acres. lu 1860 he married Ellen Mclntyre, a daughter of John Mcln- 
 tyre, of this county. This union has been blessed with 10 children — Leonard, 
 Oeorge, Justice, Carrie, Frank, Ella, Norman, Homer and Lewis. Mr. Nixon is a 
 prominent farmer of Ann Arbor tp., and while residing in Northfield tp. officiated 
 as Township Treasurer. 
 
 A. L. Noble, proprietor of the Star Clothing House at Ann Arbor, Mich., was 
 born in Orleans Co , N. Y., A. D. 1848. He prepared for college at Lima, N. Y., 
 and entered the University of Michigan in 1869. Difficulty with his eyes would 
 not permit of his continuing his studies, and he turned his mind toward business. 
 In 1870 he entered the employ of Joe T. Jacobs, dealer in clothing, as salesman, and 
 afterward became a partner in the business. He sold out his interest to Mr. Jacobs, 
 and in 1876 opened the Star Clothing Store, corner of Main and Washington streets, 
 where he is now located. 
 
 John T. Noble, barber, Ann Arbor, was born near Paris, France, and while yet a 
 child his parents emigrated to America, and settled in the State of New York. 
 They then removed to Ohio, and thence to Michigan. Mr. Noble has been engaged 
 in keeping a tonsorial parlor in Ann Arbor for about 1 year, although he has been 
 engaged in the business for nearly 13 years. His wife ably assists him, and ranks 
 among the best lady artists in the State. While a resident of St. Louis, Mich., Mr. 
 Noble was foreman of the fire department, and since coming to Ann Arbor, has re- 
 ceived numerous testimonials relative to his ability and integrity while a member of 
 that organization. 
 
 William Noble, proprietor planing-mill and sash, door and blind factory, Ann 
 Arbor, was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., in 1819. His father, James Noble, married 
 Mrs. Keziah Northup, by whom he had 4 children — Lewis, a resident of Mich. , 
 Charlotte, who was married to Lsaac Butler, and died in the East ; Horace (de- 
 ceased) and William M. The latter at one time was extensivelj' engaged in the 
 shoe business at Albion, New York ; also followed agricultural pursuits for some 
 time. For a number of years Mr. Noble was proprietor of a large saw-mill in 
 Albion, but after coming to Ann Arbor, he purchased the planing-mill, situated 
 near the Ann Arbor flouring mills, ■\\here he transacts a remunerative business. 
 He is also extensively engaged as a contractor and builder. Mr. Noble has 
 always taken an active interest in military affairs, and on one occasion was se- 
 lected as Associate Judge to sit on some criminal cases. He married Selina Bragg, 
 a daughter of Leonard Bragg, of New York. They have 2 children — George 
 W. and Adelbert. 
 
 John S. Nowland is a son of Andrew Nowland,who emigrated with his wife and 
 7 children to Washtenaw county, and settled on sec. 28, Ann Arbor tp., in 
 June, 1824. Mr. Nowland purchased 120 acres of land, embracing a goodly por- 
 tion of the 4th and 5th wards of the now city of Ann Arbor. His first house was 
 located on the corner of State and River streets, or what was more familiarly 
 known as the gravel-pit. Mr. Nowland built it when emigration was pouring 
 very rapidly into the new Territory, and it was used as a tavern or hotel. He was 
 
1028 HISTORY OF "WASHTENAW CODNTT. 
 
 also extensively engaged in buying and selling land. He built the first grist and 
 saw-mills in the vicinity of Ann Arbor. The flrst named was situated about 20 
 rods north of the city mills, and near the R. R. cattle yards. The millstones 
 were not the burr-stones of modern days, but were cut out of large boulders, that 
 were fonnd on the hillsides near the mill. The stones are in use to-day, one do- 
 ing service as a door-step to tlie Lutheran church, in the 2d ward of Ann Ai-bor, 
 and the other has been in use for some time as an apple-crusher. The saw-mill 
 was built in 1835, and was located on the right bank of the Huron, near where 
 State street crosses the M. C. R. R. track. Mr. Nowland was a ^ery enterprising 
 man; in heart and action, benevolent to a marked degree. His acts of kindness 
 to the poor citizen and weary, destitute emigrant, are remembered by all the 
 people that survive him, and wherever the descendants of the pioneers of 
 Washtenaw county are found, they gratefully remember and venerate the name 
 of Andrew Nowland. John S. Nowland, a resident of Ann Arbor, ^\^&s born in 
 that cit3', on the bank of the Huron, June 13, 1820. 3Ir. Nowland believes he 
 was the flr.st white child born in Ann Arbor, but the priority is claimed by an- 
 other. It is a question that cannot be satisfactorily settled at this distant day, but 
 it is undoubtedly true that if he was not the fijst, he was certainly the second. 
 "\'\'lien five years old, his sister Abigail married W. A. Begole, who settled in 
 Sylvan tp,, four miles south of Chelsea. At that age he went to live with his sis- 
 ter, remained there two years, and then came back to Ann Arbor. In 1849, the 
 gold fever broke out, and ]\[r. Nowland joined the rushing tide of humanity that 
 was sweeping across the country, all in quest of the i^recious metal. He worked 
 in the mines two years, and feeling signs of coming sickness, he hastened back to 
 Michigan. He was quite successful in his western trip, and after arrival in this 
 county, purchased a splendid farm in Scio tp., where he lived for 23 years. He 
 then sold his farm, and has since resided in Ann Arbor. He was married, Jan. 1, 
 1853, to Lucy Ann Bird, born in sec. 16, Ann Ai'bor tp., September, 1830, and 
 daughter of "John Bird, an early pioneer of that tp. Mr. Nowland has been an 
 active and successful business man. 
 
 i>a/i«c/ O'iTarrt, farmer, sec. 3, Ann Arbor tp. ; P. O., Ann Arbor; was born in 
 County Limerick, Ireland, in 1803, son of John and Margaret O'Hara, natives ol 
 Ireland. Daniel was reared and educated in the " Emerald Isle," and in 1827, 
 crossed the ocean to the United States. He remained a short time in New York, 
 and then went to Connecticut, leaving the latter State in 1834, after a seven years' 
 residence, witli $1,000 in his pocket. He came to Washtenaw county, and bought 
 an 80-acre tract of land in Ann Arbor tp., paying $10 per acre for the same. In 
 1837 he bought 80 acres more, and in 1857 bought 160 acres of E. W. Morgan, a 
 lawyer of Ann Arbor. He married Bridget Inum, and 2 children — John and Jo- 
 anna, were born to them. Mr. O'Hara's early years of founding a home, attend- 
 ant with many hardships, entitle him to be ranked among the self-made men of 
 Ann Arbor tp. 
 
 Edward Olney, LL. D., Ann Arbor, Professor of Mathematics in the University 
 of Michigan, is a lineal descendant of Thomas Olney, who was born in Hertford, 
 England, in 1600, and came to Massachusetts in 1635. He followed Roger Will- 
 iams to Rhode Island in 1688, and was received by Williams into tlie first land 
 companj' of Providence. He was baptized by Williams in the company of 13 
 other persons, who constituted the First Baptist Church of Providence, and of 
 America in 1638, and was among the earliest ministers of that Church. On his 
 mother's side Professor Olney is descended from the Emerson families. He was 
 born at Moreau, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Juljf 34, 1837. His father removed to Oak- 
 land county, Michigan, in 1833, but remained only a few months and then perma- 
 nently settled in Weston, Wood Co.. Ohio. His school privileges were scanty, 
 enjoyed in log school-houses, and only in childhood years, six weeks being all 
 his school life after the age of 13. To secure even this amount of instruction he 
 hired another boy to drive the ox-team on the farm, while he went daily two and 
 a half miles to his studies, teaching at home an evening arithmetic school to ob- 
 tain means of paying his substitute. Day's algebra was gone through with in 
 those six weeks. His teaching in district schools commenced at the age of 19, at 
 a salary of $13.50 per month, boarding around. While working at home in sum- 
 mer, he would study mathematics and natural science ; in winter sit down with- 
 out a teacher, to the Latin. At the age of 31 he was employed to teach the district 
 school in Perrysburg, with the understanding that a union graded school was 
 soon to be established, as was done the following year. This was the first union 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 1029 
 
 school of tliat region. Professor Olney was at first principal of the grammar de- 
 partment; when, two years later, the Superintendency became vacant, he Avas 
 appointed to that place. Having to teach Latin, as well as higher English, the 
 utmost diligence and application in private studies accompanied his school du- 
 ties. His proficiency in varied studies, and his eminence as an instructor, became 
 such that at the instance of college-bred brother teachers the honorary degree of 
 M. A. was conferred on him by Madison University, New Yorli. In 18.58 he ac- 
 cepted an appointment as Professor of Jlathematics in Kalamazoo College, Mich- 
 igan. In 1863 he was called to the Professorship of Mathematics in the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan, which position he still holds. He has acc[uired a national repu- 
 tation as an author of mathematical works, his works embracing arithmetics and 
 algebra for school use and treatises on algebra, geometry, trigonometry and calcu- 
 lus for use in colleges. His books are used in a large number of the leading schools 
 and colleges in the country. During the years 1861-'63 he was proprietor and 
 editor of the jMichigan C7jn's?w/i iJcraW, in addition to his duties as Professor at 
 Kalamazoo. He has also been contributing editor of the weekly Educational 
 /<)»/7tai; is the author of the article on " Pure Mathematics," in the Educational 
 Cyclopedia, and of various other productions. In appreciation of his work, and 
 in just recognition of the extent of his acquisitions, Kalamazoo College has confer- 
 red upon him the degree of LL. D. His work as an instructor has received a 
 marked success, and his influence on those under his teaching is such that all are 
 greatly interested in their work. He has alwaj^s given his earnest attention and 
 energetic support to the interests of society. Every work of true reform has had 
 in him an unflinching advocate. In Sunday-schools he has been a leader, super- 
 intending schools at home, and working in State and national organizations. 
 An associate teacher at Perrysburg, Miss Sarah Huntington, daughter of the Hon. 
 Elijah Huntington, became his wife during the time he was teaching at that 
 place. 
 
 Frank H. Ortmann, Ann Arbor, was born at Binda, Westphalia, in 1849. ^When 
 he was two years of age his parents removed to Ann Arbor, where his father died 
 in 1855. In the common schools of this city he was educated. When 15 years ot 
 age he was placed in the store of A. Herz, of this city, to learn business life, and 
 has since remained with him. In 1874 and 1875 he was elected Alderman from 
 the fifth ward of this city, and served two terms. He is a member of Golden Rule 
 Lodge of F. & A. 51. of this city. In politics he is a Democrat, and is a leader 
 in his party in his ward. 
 
 C. M. Osgood, Ann Ar-bor tp., sec. 6, was born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 1880. 
 AVTien he was six years old his parents came to this State and located near Adrian. 
 There he received a common-school education and in 1862 entered the law de- 
 partment of Michigan University, from which he gi-aduated in 1864. On exam- 
 ination he was admitted to practice in the Superior Courts of the State. After 
 graduation he went to Minnesota, where he remained but one year and, returning 
 to this county, purchased his present farm, since when he has been engaged in 
 agricultm-e. In 1865 he was married to Miss Eliza Twitchell, of Hamburg, Liv- 
 ingston Co., Mich. To them have been born 1 son and 1 daughter. 
 
 Major Seth T. Otis, was born at Watertown, Jetferson Co., N. Y., Dec. 21, 1811 ; 
 his parents were Captain Seth and Chloe (Taylor) Otis; the former a native of 
 Colchester, Conn., where he was born June 24, 1777, and the latter a native of 
 Springfield, Mass., and born Dec. 18, 1781. They were married July 21, 1808, 
 and soon afterward removed to the place above named, where the subject of this 
 sketch was bom. He was reared in his native place and kept in school till 14 
 years of age, then entered as clerk in a retail hardware store, and afterward 
 received no literary education. At the age of 19 he entered the wholesale hard- 
 ware store of Erastus Corning & Co., of Albany, N. Y., with whom he remained 
 three years, and on account of ill-health resigned his position and made a year's 
 visit to Europe, and a year later (1837) went to Chicago and opened a hardware 
 store on Dearborn, between Water and Lake streets, where he remained seven 
 years and did a prosperous business. Was also appointed the State's Agent for 
 receiving and delivering supplies to the contractors on the Illinois & Michigan 
 canal. He was a Director in the Chicago branch of the Illinois State Bank, was a 
 Vestryman in St. James' Episcopal Church, and was elected by the citizens of Chi- 
 cago Major of the 76th Regiment, at the first organization of the militia in that 
 district. In 1841 was the originator and founder of the " Young Men's Association 
 of Chicago," it being the first permanent library society formed in that city 
 
1030 UISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Started with 200 subscribers, and at the great fire in 1871 contained 1,659 mem- 
 bers, and nearly 25,000 volumes. After the fire the society was merged into the 
 present free Public Library of Chicago. Mr. Otis takes more pride in the organ- 
 ization of this society, than in any other single act of his somewhat eventful 
 career. 
 
 He tells us that when a resident of Chicago he purchased for $800 the lot on 
 the southwest corner of State and Monroe streets (300 feet on State and 100 on 
 Monroe) and opposite the present Palmer House, erected his dwelling house 
 thereon, and lived in it three years. In 1843 he sold it at a profit of $300, and so 
 good was his sale considered by William B. Ogden, that he said, " If I could sell 
 my property like that, I would leave Chicago to-morrow." This lot alone is worth 
 to-day nearly half a million of dollars. 
 
 In January, 1844, failing health and the then poor prospects for business in 
 Chicago induced him to close up his business in that city, and having received 
 the appointment of United States Consul to Basle, Switzerland, went there with 
 with his family and remained two years. We had not at that early day a minister 
 to that Republic, and Mr. Otis's powers were semi-diplomatic ; and so well were 
 his duties performed that he returned to the United States with letters of high 
 commendation from William R. King, our Minister to France, and John C. Cal- 
 houn, Secretary of State. 
 
 A. few years later he entered the employ of H B. Claflin & Co., of the city of 
 New York, as manager of their law collections, and remaiaed with them 15 years. 
 During this time he traveled in 23 different States of the Union, and gained a 
 large and valuable experience. 
 
 In 1869 he retired from active business with a sufficient competency, and located 
 in Ann Arbor upo i a sigdtly dozen acres of laud ju3t beyond the citv limits, and 
 overlooking that pretty little city of schools, churches and ttie State University. 
 
 He was married Sept. 18, 1838, to Prances Louisa Kellogg, daugtiter of the 
 Hon. Charles Kellogg, of Kelloggsvile, Cayuga Co., N. Y. This marriage has 
 resultea in the birth of 8 sons — Charles Day, a successful hardware merchant of 
 Pond du Lac, Wisconsin ; Basel K. (born in Switzerland) and for the last two 
 years bookkeeper and assistant teller in the Pirst National Bank of Peoria, 
 Illinois; and William A., a graduate of Michigan University, and now complet- 
 ing his studies in architecture in the School of Fine Arts at Paris, France. 
 
 Mr. Otis is not a member of any religious society, is termed "liberal" in his 
 religious views, and attends the Unitarian Church. Was formerly Democratic in 
 politics, but for many years has acted with the Republican party. 
 
 He says he fiuds one of the great pleasures in his retirement in the fact that 
 through all his life he never compromised a debt that he honestl.y owed, and he 
 defies the world to show that he ever wronged a man of a dollar. He has fitted up 
 his place into a fancy farm with an abundance of desirable fruit ; and he is a very 
 genial, hospitable gentleman, living at his ease and working with great energy at 
 such things as he fancies, enjoying the society and correspondence of his relatives 
 and friends far and near. 
 
 Alnmo B Palmer, M. A., M. D., Ann Arbor, was born at Richfield, Otsego Co., 
 N. Y., Oct. 6, 1815. His father was born at Stoningtou, Conn., and came of Puri- 
 tan stock. Dr. Palmer was educated in the schools and academies of Otsego, Her- 
 kimer and Oswego counties, N. Y., and graduated in medicine from the College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons, of the Western district of New York, in 1839. After 
 passing the winters of 1847-'8 in attendance at the medical schools and hospitals of 
 New York and Philadelphia, he took up his residence at Tecumseh, Mich., remov- 
 ing to Chicago soon after. During 1852 he served as city physician of the "Garden 
 City," through a severe chnlera epidemic among emigrants from Northern Europe,, 
 and the same year received the appointment of Professor of Anatomy in the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. In 1854 he was transferred to the chair of 
 Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Diseases of Women and Children, and in 1860 
 was appointed Professor of Pathology and the Practice of Medicine, which position 
 he occupies at the present time. In"the spring of 1861 he was appointed Surgeon 
 of the 2d Regiment Michigan Volunteer Infantry, was ranking Surgeon in Gen. 
 Richardson's command at the first battle of Bull Run, and dressed the first wound 
 inflicted by the enemy at Blackburn's Ford, on July 18. He resigned his commis- 
 sion in September, 1861, on account of his duties in the University. In 1855 he 
 was the recipient of the degree of M. A. from the University of Nashville, Tennes- 
 see. In 1859 he visited Europe, and visited the med'cal schools, and hospitals of 
 
ANN ABBOE TOWNSHIP. 1031 
 
 London, Dublin, Edinburgh and Paris, returning to this country on the opening of 
 the Rebellion, in 1861 In 1864 he was appointed Professor of Pathology and the 
 Practice of Medicine, in Berkshire Medical College, Mass., and in 1869 to the same 
 chair in the medical department of Bowdoin College, in Maine. The latter po- 
 sition he still holds, delivering his lectures during the summer vacatioQ of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan. Although occupied with a large practice in Tecumseh and 
 Chicago, since his removal from the latter place, he has devoted his time and atten- 
 tion principally to teaching medicine, and the practical duties of the physician; 
 while his clinical, hospital and consulting practices are still large, yet his most 
 absorbing work is taken up with his duties of instruction. His students, in the 
 different medical schools throughout his former territory, number about nine thous- 
 and. During the whole period of his professorship, he has been a decided antago- 
 nist to the use of alcoholic liquors, and other narcotics, whether tobacco or opium, 
 and has often taught the evil effects of tea aod coffee, when used as stimulants. 
 Dr. Palmer is a member of the American Medical Association, and was elected its 
 Vice-President in 1860, holding that position during its suspension, and until the 
 meeting in Chicago. He has often served as chairman of that renowned medical 
 body. In 1859 he was elected honorary member of the New York Medical Society ; 
 was president of the Michigan State Medical Society in 1872-'3; was elected hon- 
 orary member of the State Medical Society of Maine in 1875; contributed to medi- 
 cal journals " a full report of the Chicago cholera epidemic in 1852;" while chair- 
 man of committees of the Ann Arbor Medical Association, made reports on ' the 
 plan and organization of State and County Medical Societies," " Medical Litera- 
 ture," and Medical Education ;" he published lectures on '' Sulphate of Quinine," 
 "Asiatic Cholera;" four lectures on " Homeopathy," criticising adversely the dog- 
 mas of that school, " Paralysis,' " Pneumonia," reference being made in the latter 
 to the experience of several years' practice in the use of free antipyretic and anti- 
 phlogistic doses of quinine. He was, with others, from 1852 to 1859, editor of the 
 Peninsula Journal of Medicine. 
 
 James Parker, farmer, sec. 34, was born in Buckinghamshire, England, in 1809, 
 and is a son of John and Hannah Parker. He was reared and educated io his 
 native shire, and was married in England to Mary Sims, a daughter of John Sims, 
 of English nativity. They have 5 children living — 1 born in England, and the re- 
 mainder in America. In 1834 he crossed the Atlantic in a sailing vei-sel, and upon 
 landing, he immediately started westward, stopping at Ann Arbor; from the latter 
 place to Scio tp., and thence to Lodi tp., buying property in each. In 1864 he 
 moved upon his present farm of 107 acres of valuable land, where he has since lived. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Parker came here in early days, and thought they owned a big farm 
 when they had one comprising 10 acres. They endured many hardships — at one 
 time having only 10 articles of furniture in their log cabin, at another time not tast- 
 ing an apple for nearly a year. Mr. Parker was a wagon-maker in England, but 
 did not fcjllow his trade very much after locating in this county. 
 
 William Parker, farmer and mill owner, sec. 25 and 36, Ann Arbor tp.; P. O., 
 Ann Arbor; was born in Buckioghamshire, England, in 1837, son of John and Ann 
 Parker. Helivedin England 25 years, and during thistime served five years appren- 
 ticeship as a wagon-maker. In 1862 he married Mary Lawley, a native of Liverpool, 
 England., daughter of James and Harriet Lawley. There were born to them 6 
 children, 5 of whom are living — Florence, Fred J., Maud N., Bertha B., and George 
 6. Harriet is deceased. Mr. Parker settled in Washtenaw county in 1863, and 
 bought his present farm, consisting of 100 acres. About 1876 he purchased a feed 
 mill, with two-run of stone, and it now enjoys a fair custom trade. 
 
 James J. Pamhall, one of Washtenaw county's old and respected pioneers, 
 was born at Palmyra, Wayne Co., N. Y., Feb. 23, 1820. His parents were John 
 and Persis (Hopki'nson) Parshall. The former's ancestoi's were Huguenots, but 
 through the cruelty of Louis XIV., of France, they fled the country, and located 
 in Orange county, N. Y., late in the 17th century. In 1792, James' Parshall, the 
 grandfather of James J., settled in Ontario (now Wayne) county, N. Y., and 
 being zealous in his religious views, organized the First Baptist Church in 
 Wayne county, giving liberally towa]-d its support. Mr. Parshall's ancestors on 
 his mother's side, settled at Plymouth, ]\[ass., in 1633 At the breaking out of 
 the Revolutionary war, Jonathan Hopkins and four of his sons, Caleb (Mr. Par- 
 shall's grandfather), David, Jonathan and John, who were living at Haverhill, 
 New Hampshire, enlisted in the Continental army, and at present their names 
 are on the New Hampshire muster rolls in the pension department at Washing 
 
1032 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ton. Caleb was the father of 17 children, and was living in Wayne county, N. 
 Y., when the war of 1812 began, and the family was well represented in the 
 American armies along the New York frontier. 
 
 John Parshall, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a contractor on the 
 Erie canal, of New York, and the Cleveland and Columbus canal, of Ohio. In 
 1833 he removed with his family to Michigan, and resumed work as a contractor 
 on the Detroit & Saginaw turnpike. He subsequently labored on the Clinton 
 & Kalamazoo canal. James J. spent his early days with his father in the dif- 
 ferent enterjjrises in which he was engaged. In 1841, both father and son were 
 large contractors on the Illinois & Michigan canal, and extremely prosperous 
 in the undertakings. The State of Illinois suspending work on her public enter- 
 prises, left Mr. Parshall and his son in straightened flnancial circumstances ; but 
 happily they were enabled to pay every dollar of the debts they owed and to start 
 in life once more. In 1842, James J. was School Inspector of Ann Arbor tp., and 
 the same j'ear received the commission as Captain of Co. A., 9th Reg., Michigan 
 Militia. He was in the employ of Capt. E. B. Ward for two years, being a sailor 
 on the Northern Lakes during that period. He was married Jan. 1, 184o, to 
 Esther McFarlen, of Oakland county, Mich., and the same year settled on the 
 farm where he now resides. Of the children born to this union, 3 are living — 
 Julian G., Adrian J. and Florence. Mrs. Paishall died in 1856, and a year later, 
 he married Christiana Culbertson, of Tecumseh, Mich., by whom he had 1 son 
 — Charles T. Jlr. Parshall -nas again called upon to mourn the loss of a wife, and 
 in Feb., 18S9 he laid to rest his companion of a few years. In November, 1870, 
 he married Sarah Twomley Stevenson, his present wife, who has borne him 1 
 child — Lena. 
 
 Politically Mr. Parshall has always been a Democrat. He was County Drain 
 Commissioner from 1862 to 1870 ; 1871 to 1880 was Ti-easurer of the Washtenaw 
 County Agricultural and Horticultural Society ; 1878-'79 was Treasurer of the 
 Washtenaw County Pomological Society ; and from 1879-'81 Treasurer of the 
 Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County. 
 
 A portrait of Mr. Parshall is presented elsewhere in this history. 
 
 J. H. Peebles, who settled in Washtenaw Co.,1834,was born in Madison Co., N. Y., 
 
 in 1816. His parents, David and ( ?) Peebles, natives of Massachusetts. 
 
 J. H. grew to manhood in New York, and in 18.52 went to Ann Arbor and thence 
 to Salem tp., where he turned his attention to farming. In 1886 he married Julia 
 A. Sexton,a daughter of James and Jennette (Wallace) Sexton, the former anative 
 of New York, and the latter a native of Connecticut. Mr. Peebles has been an 
 active business man, and seiTed as Deputy Sheriff quite a number of years 
 in Ann Arbor. In 1869 he organized the present efficient police force, and was 
 Marshal for one term. Mr. and Mrs. Peebles have 2 children living — Jennette 
 and Wallace, the latter a prominent business man of San Francisco. David 
 Peebles, the father of J. H., was a leading contractor on the Erie and other East- 
 ern canal projects. James Sexton, the father of Mrs. Peebles, it is believed, ran 
 the first steamboat on the Erie canal. 
 
 John Pfisterer, hardware merchant, Ann Arbor, was born in Germany in 1847, 
 where he passed his boyhood days. In 1866 he came to the United States, and 
 first settled in Wisconsin, but during the autumn of the same year located at Ann 
 Arbor, and first worked as a journeyman. In 1871 he established his present 
 business, under the firm name of Pfisterer & Hepfar, and continued as such until 
 1S79, when Mr. Hepfar withdrew from the firm, and it has been carried forward 
 successfully since then by M]-. Pfisterer. In 1873 he married Anna Schlenker. 
 Of their 2 children, 1 is living — Amelia: Martin is deceased. 
 
 Nathan H. Pierce, Ann Arbor, was born at Batavia, Genesee Co., N.Y,, in 1819. 
 His parents were Nathan and Catherine (Hartly) fierce. Nathan was raised on a 
 farm, and remained with his father until he was 23 years old. He then came to 
 Michigan, locating at Detroit, where he learned the painter's trade, and followed 
 that business for eight years. He subsequently removed to Ann Arbor, and was en- 
 gaged about two years in agricultural pursuits. Resuming his trade, he worked for 
 three years, until an accident deprived him of his right arm. It was in June, 1856, 
 and John C. Fremont had just been nominated by the new party for President. 
 Ann Arbor had decided to have a ratification meeting, and Zachariah Chandler was 
 " billed " to address the multitude. Mr. Pierce was connected with the Battery that 
 welcomed the speaker to the city. About 5 o'clock a premature discharge of the 
 cannon tore Mr. Pierce's right hand off, and amputation of the arm was necessary. 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1033 
 
 He had identified himself with the Masonic order a short period previous to the acci- 
 dent, and that society administered to his wants, until he was able to do so himself. 
 The following January (1857) he was elected Sergeaut-at-Arms of the Michigan 
 Senate, and served in that capacity during the regular session, and an extra one 
 that followed. For many years he was identified with the city, county and State, 
 in some ofiicial position, holding at one time the offices of Constable, City Marshal, 
 Deputy Sheriff of Washtenaw county, Deputy U. S. Marshal, and Special Deputy 
 Provost Marshal. On Aug. 4, 1847, Mr. Pierce married Miss Sophia M. Monroe, a 
 native of Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., where she was born May 16, 1828. Her 
 parents were John and Electa (Baxter) Monroe, and removed to Detroit in 1835, 
 coming to Ann Arbor three years later. Whea Mrs. Pierce was about 16 years old, 
 she began to show evidence of literary talent. She wrote a few lines and had them 
 published in the weekly j)apers, and from that time till the present, she has never 
 ceased her literary labors and productions. Her articles are eagerly sought after by 
 the leading papers of Michigan, and many of them have found their way into the 
 more standard publications of the country, among which may be mentioned the 
 Ladies' Kepository, etc. Some years since she published a series of articles in the 
 Ann Arbor Ootirier, entitled " Ann Arbor in Slices," and under the nom de plume 
 of "Soph.," which elicited a great deal of interest and general satisfaction from the 
 reading class of this county. Mrs. Pierce has always taken a leading part in philan- 
 thropic matters, and was the founder of the Fifth Ward Ladies' Decorative Society, 
 of Ann Arbor, and its President for many years. This society went to work with 
 a will and a purpose in 1870, and before many seasons had rolled around, 
 they had secured enough money by entertainments, charity balls, festivals, 
 etc., to erect a handsome and appropriate monument to the memory of the brave 
 boys from the 5th ward of Ann Arbor, who laid down their lives for the good of 
 their country. Too much praise cannot be given to Mrs. Pierce for originating this 
 holy and sacred mission, and she will be held in grateful remembrance by the many 
 friends of their dead comrades, who now rest in the 5th ward. 
 
 Mrs. Pierce is an active member of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw county, 
 and has probably done more work and toiled longer for the benefit of that organ- 
 ization than any other of its lady members. She has been the mother of 5 chil- 
 dren, 3 of whom survive — Mrs. J. B. Saunders, whose husband is an employe 
 of the Ann Arbor Courier; Edward H., an employe of the Courier also, and 
 Kathan H., jr., aged 10 years. Mrs. Pierce was enumerator of the U. S. Census, 
 in the 5th and 6th wards of Ann Arbor, in 1880, and was probably the only lady 
 engaged in that business throughout the State of Michigan, She received from 
 the Census Bureau a letter commending her for honesty, integrity and faithfulness 
 to duty. 
 
 Jacoh A. Polhemug, proprietor livery, Ann Arbor, was born in New Jersey, in 
 1811, and moved with his parents to New York when a lad. In the latter State 
 he married Jane V. Sedan, and 3 children have been born to them. In 1835 
 he bought 80 acres of land from Government, in Freedom tp., and was a farmer 
 for a number of years in both Freedom and Scio tps. He first opened in the 
 livery business in the old Exchange stable, on the corner of Main and Catharine 
 streets, in 1867. In addition to the livery trade he operates a hack and 'bus line 
 for the accommodation of the traveling public. 
 
 T)r. J. Powers, veterinary sui'geon, residence corner of Fourth and Liberty 
 streets, Ann Arbor, was born in Norfolk, Canada, in 1834. He received a libera- 
 education in the district schools. When 31 years old he went to Newaygo Co., 
 Mich., near Grand Rapids, where he studied medicine under Charles A. McClure, 
 a celebrated physician of that region. He spent one year with Dr. Richardson, 
 a widely known surgeon. While residing in Newaygo Co., although a practicing 
 veterinary surgeon, he was extensively engaged in farming, being a large prop- 
 erty-owner. He was a resident of Reed City, Mich., where he gained considera- 
 ble more than merely local notice. In 1855 he married Rebecca Pearl, a native 
 of Ingersoll, Canada, and a daughter of James Pearl. Two children have been 
 horn to them — Wellington M. and Mary D., both in attendance at the Ann Arbor 
 high school and well advanced in their studies. Dr. Powers is an active worker 
 in the temperance cause. 
 
 Spencer Prater (deceased) was born in South Carolina, and was a slave till the 
 end of the Rebellion, when he was set free by President Lincoln's Emancipation 
 Proclamation. He immediately came North -and settled in Illinois, where he 
 was engaged in farming for a number of years. In 1855 he came to Washtenaw 
 
1034: nibTORT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Co. and settled in Ann Arbor tp., and was well and favorably known in the city of 
 iVun Arbor, where he resided for several years. He was married at Shawnee- 
 town, 111., in 1839, to Rosanna McAUistei', and 10 children were born to them, of 
 whom 4 are living — Sarah Boyer, Maij Price, Maggie Berry and John Prater. 
 Mr. Prater died in 1858, and in 1869 Mrs. Prater married William Stewart, and 3 
 children were born — Bettie E., Elijah andElislia. The jnother is living in Ann 
 Arbor, and owns good property. 
 
 Warren Prescott, retired merchant, Ann Arbor, was born in New Hampshire in 
 1805, where he resided until 1828. In 1826, and while living in the Granite State, 
 he married Eliza Hilliard, and 3 children were given to bless this union — Sarah 
 and Mary. Mrs. P. died in 1880. In 1840 Mr. "^ Prescott removed to Michigan, 
 first locating at Plymouth Corners, Wayne Co., where he lived for two years. He 
 then went to Lj'ons, Ionia Co., and followed farming, and running a hotel there. 
 For 16 years he followed the adventurous life of a farm and " ranch man " in 
 California. At the expiration of this time, he located at Chelsea, Mich., where he 
 was engaged in mercantile pursuits for several years. 
 
 Simon Price, farmer and milk dealei', Ann Arbor, was born in Buckinghamshire, 
 England, A. D. 1811. He received a moderate education and was reared on a 
 farm, of which he learned the practical workings. He came to America in 1836 
 coming at once to this county, and located in the town of Pittstield, where 
 the next 14 years' were passed. He then removed to Ann Arbor, where he 
 has since been engaged in farming. Since 1869 he has also been dealing 
 in milk and is now the oldest milk dealer in this city. In 1834 he was 
 married to Miss Caroline Plant, of Quainton, Buckinghamshire, England. 
 To them Iiave been born 1 son and 3 daughters; but 2 daughters have 
 died. Mr. Price is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of this city, 
 with which he has been connected since 1842. 
 
 £e«jrtmm Pry«r (deceased) WHS born at Whitestown, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1806. 
 During his youth he found emplo3^ment in a large woolen mill. In 1830 he 
 came to Michigan, locating in Salem tp., on 80 acres of land bought of the Gov- 
 ernment, and after paying for it Jiad barely enough money left to live '^vith. In 
 1849 he bought 160 acres of land in Ann Arbor tp., now the homestead property 
 of Mrs. Emetine Pryer, wife of the deceased. j\Ir. Pryer passed to his reward on 
 Nov. 14, 1862, and was laid at rest in Northtield cemetery. He was more than 
 ordinarily successful as a farmer, and enjo3'edthe respect of all with whom he 
 was acquainted. 
 
 Zerah S. Piilcipher, Ann Arbor, was born at Rodman, Jefferson Co., N. Y., 
 Feb. 18, 1810. His father, Oliver Pulcipher, was one of the early settlers 
 of that county. Mr. Pulcipher was educated in the common schools of 
 that day. When about 21 years old he began to learn the trade of carpenter. 
 He followed that business in New York until 1833, when he came to Michigan. 
 Early in 1834 he located at Ann Arbor, where he has since lived. In 1841 he began 
 the manufacture of linseed oil, which he continued three years. In 1856 he started 
 a match-factory, which he ran until 1860. In April, 1839, he was married to Caro- 
 line L. Doty, of Niagara Co., N. Y. To them have been born 8 children, 4 
 of whom are living. 
 
 John Quigiei/, farmer, sees. 9 and 10, Northfield township, was born at Niagara 
 Co., N. Y., in 1830, and is a son of Michael Quigley, who settled in America in 1823, 
 and in 1883 emigrated from Canada to Detroit, and thence to Ann Arbor, where his 
 family remained until he bought land in Northfield tp., and erected thereon a rude 
 cabin, which is still standing. He died in 1849, and his wife in 1876. Mr. Q. 
 bought his land from the Government, and the original deed bears the autograph of 
 Andrew Jackson. John was reared on this farm, and educated in the " old rough 
 log school-house," and in 1861 married Rebecca Hernandez. They have 4 chil- 
 dren — Willie, Ulysses, Margaret, and John. During the late war Mr. Q. was a 
 resident of California, but of late years has resided in Northfield, where he owns at 
 present a good farm of 140 acres. 
 
 Qeorge Mash (deceased) was born in New York in 1783. He was reared to man- 
 hood in his native State, and in 1814 married Fanny Galoway, and to this alliance 
 7 children have been born, of whom 3 are living — Charles M., a resident of 
 Battle Crf ek, Midi.; George F., of Lodi tp., and James. In 1824 Mr. Rash came 
 to Michigan and settled in this county upon the farm now owned by James G. 
 Rash, and comprising 130 acres, but formerly 200 acres. His father was a farmer, 
 and George F. naturally took to that vocation. His father came to this county 
 
ANN AEBOB TOWNSHIP. 1035 
 
 when there was not a white man west of the village of Ann Arbor. James G. has 
 held several local offices, and for the past two years has been collector of Ann Ar- 
 bor tp. In 1859 he married Helen M. Randall, a native of New York. They have 
 4 children -Ida, Ella, Charles and Mary. His dwelling was destroyed about 
 four years ago, and he immediately erected his present dwelling house. 
 
 S. B. Revenaugh, photOH'aphic artist at Ann Arbor, was born at Duncan's- 
 Falls, Ohio, Nov. 9, 1847. His education was received at the district schools. Id 
 1862, when but 14 years of age, he ran away from home to enter the army, going- 
 out with the loth ilich. Vol. Inf. At the battle of Shiloh, in 1862, he was wounded 
 and on account of his wound afterward discharged. In 1863 he re-enlisted in the 
 10th Mich. Cav., and served till the close of the war. The following year he came 
 to Afln Arbor and went into the gallery of Mr. Gillett to learn the photographic 
 art. In 1867 he, in company with two others, purchased the business of ]Mr. 
 Gillett, and in 1870 he became sole proprietor. Mr, Revenaugh has been in this 
 business at Ann Arbor longer than any artist in the citj', and has won an extensive 
 reputation as a first-class artist. 
 
 Asa Rice (deceased) was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., in 1804. He grew up to 
 manhood as a " farmer boy," and married Mrs. Susan Smith, a native of New 
 York. They have been blessed with 6 children, 3 of whom died in childhood. 
 He settled in Ypsilanti tp. in 1834, and bought 80 acres from the Government at 
 six shillings per acre. The land was unimproved, and the first thing he did was 
 to erect a small frame house, being a mechanic of no mean ability. In the early 
 days he was connected with the State militia, and also followed 'earning between 
 Detroit and Ypsilanti, often being three days in making the trip. He died in 
 1867, and was buried at Ypsilanti. His children are living in the State. William 
 H., one of the sons, was born near Ypsilanti in 1839, and reared to manhood on 
 the old homestead. In 1863 he married Sarah E. Clements, daughter of James P. 
 Clements, of Superior (p. Three children were born to them — Fred R., Hattie 
 P. and Burt C. Mr. R. owns 90 acres of land in Ann Arbor tp., and 20 acres in 
 Superior tp. He is connected with the Grange movement. 
 
 Charles H. Richmond, retired banker, Ann Arbor, was born in Cayuga county, 
 N. Y., in 1821. His father, Jonathan Richmond, then acting membsr of Congress, 
 was a native of Massachusetts, and a farmer by occupation. Mrs. Richmond was a 
 native of Massachusetts, and their marriage occurred in 1807. Twelve children were 
 given to this couple, 4 of whom still survive — Rebecca, wife of John Marsh ; Charles 
 Frederick, a resident of Auburn, N. Y., and Mrs. Nancy R. Eagles. Charles was 
 educated in the district schools and afterward attended an academy. In 1837 he 
 settled at Grand Rapids, where he was employed as teller in a State Bank for two 
 years. He then returned to New York, and in 1849 was appointed Clerk of an 
 Indian Agency; in 1858 was a banker in Wall street, New York; when the war broke 
 out was Cashier of 1st National Bank, Ann Arbor; in 1867 delegate to Constitutional 
 Convention at Lansing; afterward appointed Treasurer of Detroit, Hillsdale & S. 
 W. R. R. Mr. Richmond moved to Ann Arbor in 1838, where he was engaged io 
 active business until 1872, when he retired from the field, and now lives comfort- 
 ably on what he has accumulated during his many years of hard labor. In ISSS- 
 he manied Amy Howland, of Westport, Mass., daughter of Stephen Howland, 
 merchant. They have 8 children — Charles, now attending Michigan University; 
 Mary A., and Freeman 8., a student in the Union School, Ann Arbor. 
 
 David Rinsey, of the firm of Rinsey & Seabolt, grocers, Ann Arbor, was born at 
 Baden, Germany, in 1838. At the age of 15 he crossed the Atlantic ocean, and 
 settled in New York, where he became employed in an extensive grocery establish- 
 ment. In 1867 the firm of Rinsey tt Seabolt was established, and through strict 
 integrity and attention to business have prospered year by year. They now rank 
 high in their line of business. In 1869 Mr. Rinsey married Jeanette Miller. 
 
 A. V. Robinson, proprietor livery and sale stable, and hack line, Ann Arbor, was 
 born at Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1834, and six years later his mother settled 
 at Ann Arbor, his father having died when Mr. Robinson was quite young. A. 
 V. grew to manhood in this county, and received his education at the common 
 schools. In February, 1857, he was married to Ella J. Peck, a native of this 
 county, and daughter of a wealthy and prominent farmer. Mr. Robinson was 
 Marshal of Ann Arbor for one term, and is a progressive and liberal citizen. His 
 present business was established in 1866. 
 
 Moses Rogers, dealer in agricultural implements, Ann Arbor, was born in New 
 York in 1810, and is a son of John and Sarah Rogers, both natives of New York. 
 
1036 HISTOET OF "WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Moses lived in his native State until his Slst year, when he came to Ann Arbor. 
 In 1843 he married Letitia Sweetland, a daughter of Ebenezer Sweetland, of New 
 York. They have 1 child— Katie J., who has acquired more than local fame as a 
 portrait painter, and a sketch of whom will be found in another part of this work. 
 Mr. Rogers established his present business over 35 years ago, and when he first 
 started he erected a building where now stands Rinsey & Seabolt's grocery store. 
 Subsequently he bought the ground where the office of the Ann Arbor Agricult- 
 ural Works stands. Mr. Rogers shows considerable talent as a painter, although 
 not having much time to devote to that art. He has held many local offices. 
 
 Louis Roland, manufacturer of cigars, Ann Arbor, was born in Saxony, Allen- 
 burg, July 35, 1845 He received his education there and passed his childhood 
 daj's in his native home. When but 14 years of age he came alone to America, 
 his parents still living in the old world. When he arrived in New York city he 
 had but one dollar in his pocket. He remained in that city three j'ears and learned 
 the trade of cigar-maker. During the next five j-ears he worked in 38 different 
 States. This he did from his liking to travel and change. In 1868 he came to 
 Ann Arbor, and in 1869 ojiened a cigar factory. In 1874 he removed to Grand 
 Rapids, and in 1870 returned to this city. Mr. Roland is connected with the 
 Meennerchor and Beethoven-gesangverein of this city, and is also a member of the 
 Unitarian Church of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Charles Rominger, M.D., State Geologist of Michigan, Ann Ai'bor, was born in 
 Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1830, and received his preliminaiy education in the 
 common schools of German j^ He subsequently entered the University of Tubin- 
 gen, from which he graduated at a youthful age. In 1848 he came to America, 
 and in 1860 to Ann A_rbor, where he has since resided as a practicing physician. 
 About 1870, he was appointed Stale Geologist, and has since occupied that posi- 
 tion. Dr. Rominger is noted far and wide throughout the scientific circles of the 
 world as a geologist of fine ability and untiring perseverance. 
 
 J. F.Royce, an old pioneer of Washtenaw Co., was born at Norwich, Conn., in 
 1805, and is a son of Solomon Royce, a native of Mansfield, Conn., who was a sea- 
 faring man the early part of his life, but ultimately became a successful farmer, 
 and accumulated a great deal of wealth. He died many years ago, leaving a 
 comfortable competency for his family. J. F. Royce resided in New York until 
 1830, when he located at Ann Arbor. Having learned the trade of a cabinet and 
 chair maker, he worked at this trade for some time, and subsequently became 
 proprietor of a carriage manufactory. He was a clerk in the well-known dry- 
 goods establishment of Bach & Abel, Ann Ai-bor, for quite a while, also ofiici- 
 ated as Deputy Sheriff of this county. He has been twice married. 
 
 A. H. Roys, wood-turner, pattern and model maker, Ann Arbor, was born at 
 South Sodus, Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1820. There and at Geneva, N. Y., he was 
 educated. His father was a carriage maker, and from him he early learned the 
 principles of mechanics. He learned bis trade at Geneva, N. Y., where he spent 
 six years. He then passed five years at Palmyra, Syracuse and Waterloo, under 
 instruction to perfect himself in the business. He does a large business in model- 
 making for patents to be applied for. In 1843 he came to Ann Arbor, where he 
 has since been. He has done much workfor the University in the way of making 
 mathematical and medical instruments. Mr. Roys has twice been Alderman 
 from the Second ward. He has been a member of the Methodist Church since 
 1835. In 1843 he was married to Miss Luc}' A. Bostwick, of Detroit, a native of 
 Palermo, Oswego Co., N. Y. To them have been born 1 son and 3 daughters. 
 The son is in the drug business at Farwell, Mich. The eldest daughter married 
 Mr. Frank E. Pickett, of Allegan county, a man of literary education and a 
 teacher. The youngest daughter lives with her parents at Ann Arbor. 
 
 George Rudman, farmer and stock-raiser, section 13; P. O., Ann Arbor; 
 was born in Wiltshire, England, in 1819., son of Charles R. and Mary Rudman. 
 While yet a youth he was apprenticed to a shoemaker, and after learning the 
 trade, worked a short time in England as a journeyman. In 1845 he crossed 
 the ocean, and settled at Rochester, Monroe Co., N. Y., where he worked at his 
 trade for a. period of nine years, and was afterward employed as a gardner. In 
 1858 he located at Ann Arbor, where he obtained employment at his trade until 
 1869, when he bought 78 acres of valuable land in this tp. Mr. Rudman is a rep- 
 resentative farmer ; enterprising and intelligent. In 1867 he married Mrs. Ann 
 Cox, daughter of Thomas Hill, and relict of Samuel Cox. 
 
ANN AEBOR TOAVNSHIP. 1037 
 
 Dr. William limsdl, physiciau and surgeon, was bom in Guernsey Co., Ohio, in 
 1833, and is a son of Robert and Anna (Speuce) Russell, tbe former a native of 
 England, and the laltor a native of Jhiryland. Robert Russell emigrated to Amer- 
 ica, settling in Pennsylvtuiia, and subsequently in OMo. At one time dm-iug his 
 residence iu this country he was a farmer and ship-builder, of AVheeling, W. Va. 
 AVilliaiu was educated at Fiudley, Ohio, and afterward completed a course of study 
 at Bronson Institute, Wisconsin. He began the study of medicine with Dr. Fair- 
 child, of Ohio, remaining with hiiu one year. He then went to Wisconsin, where 
 he laboriously studied for some time iu the pevfeetiug of his profession, aaid during 
 that period his skill gained lum an extensive practice. In 1858 he married Abigail 
 Tiffany, of Ohio, and 3 children- -Anna E. and Oeneva — were born to them. jVlrs. 
 Russell died in 1801, and iu 18(ir> Jlr. R. married Matilda Cole. Six children were 
 given to this union — Slary F., Hiumah E., J. H., ilerle, AYillie aoid Donald M. 
 Dr. Russell is a graduate of the Hygienic School of New York, under Ti'all, of the 
 Anatomical and Surgical Institute of Cincinnati, and of the medical depsu'tment of 
 MicJiigau University. Dr. Russell was formerly proprietor of a sanitarium, at ^lor- 
 ton. Wis., iu which business he lost much wealth. He was also engaged in the 
 same business at Battle Creek, ^iich, 
 
 /. H. Sage, dealer iu uutsical instruments at Ann Arbor, Mich., was born in Alle- 
 gany Co., X. Y., in 1801. When he was 10 years of age his parents came to Michi- 
 gan, aud located in Salem tp., Washtenaw Co. They lived there about two years, 
 and removed to Livingston Co., where !Mr. Sage received his education in the com- 
 mon schools. In 18(11 he went to Geneseo, X. Y,, where he entered G«neseo Acad- 
 emy of ^Uisic. established by Wm. B. Bradbury and Geo. F. Root. He remained 
 iu this institution five years, pursuing musical studies, and gividuated therefrom in 
 18t>o. Dm-ing this time he spent the tnost of one year at Dayton, Ohio. In 1865 
 he came to Ajun Arbor, aud for the next eight years taught music very successfully. 
 He then engaged in tlie sale of musical instruments, which has been his chief occu- 
 pation to the present time. During his residence in Livingston Co., he held the 
 position of Supervisor, Town Clerk and other offices. 
 
 Dr. -1&C((W .Suffoc ^deceased) wagjjorn at Bethlehem, Albany Co., N. Y., Deo. 
 3i!, 1810. His father, William Sager, was a fju-mer, who settled in the Empire State 
 at an early date, and married Jliss Hannah Krouk. Dr. Sager was educated at the 
 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Ti'oj-, N. Y., where he remained two years as 
 pupil luid instructor, graduating in 1831. Subsequent to this period he attended 
 lectures in tlie New Haven and Albany Medical schools. He also attended the 
 Mediciil institute at Castletou, Vt., graduating in April, 1835. In 1837 he was 
 appointed chief in charge of the botanical aud zoological department of the Michi- 
 gan State Geologiavl Survey. He made a report iu 1839, accompanied by a cata- 
 logue of what he had collected, aud the specimens mentioned are those which laid 
 the foundation of the present zoological collection iu the museum of the University 
 of >[ichigaa. He gave to the University his herbarium, now known as the Sager 
 Herbarium, which cont.<uns l,SlX1 species, and 12,000 specimens, being chiefly col- 
 lected in the Xew England and Western States. He also donated to the medical 
 department a large collection illustrating compai-ative craniology, neurology, aud 
 embryology of the vertebrata. From 181i to 1850 he was Pi-ofessor of Botany and 
 Zoolosry in ^Michigan University. In 1848 he was appointed to the chair of theory 
 aud practice of medicine, and in 1850 to that of obstetrics and diseases of women 
 and children in the medical department of the University. For several years he 
 was Dean of the medical faculty, and held that position even after he had ceased 
 active duties in the work of instruction. Dr. Sager was a member of the American 
 Association for the Advancement of Science, of the Academy of Xatiu-al Science 
 of Philadelphia, of the Academy of Science of Chicago, of the American ^Medical 
 Association, of the New York State ilcdical Society, of the Michigan State Medi- 
 cal Society, of the Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia, also author of different 
 articles in the scientific papers of the Union. After the death of Dr. Eaton, Dr. 
 Sager was tendered the Presidency of the Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y., but 
 did not accept. In 187ti, at the annual meeting of the !Michig-an State Jledical As- 
 sociation, he was elected president, under circumstances which showed the esteem 
 in which he was held by the profession of tbe State. For many years he was a 
 member of the Board of Education of the city of Ann Arbor, and for several years 
 president of that bod^-, but resigned iu 1873, because of ill health. Dr. Sager was 
 married in 1838 to Sarah E. fiwight, of Detroit, who, with 5 children-^3 sous 
 and 3 daughters — survive him. Dr. Sager died in the city of Ann Arbor Aug. 6, 
 
1038 HISTORY OF WASHTENA-W COUNTY. 
 
 1877, and the announcement of his death caused sorrow in the hearts of his numer- 
 ous friends, and by many of the older students of the old medical college of the 
 University who enjoyed his teaching, but who are now scattered from the Atlantic 
 to the Pacific. It is no disparagement to the friends of rational medicine in the 
 State of Michigan to say that the profession had no more ardent student, no more 
 loyal devotee to its interest, or zealous defender, none more ready to make sacrifices 
 to convictions of right and duty, and in aid of an honest, legitimate, and scientific 
 system of medicine, than Dr. Sager, maintaining in all relations a reputation for 
 integrity in public and private life without spot or blemish. 
 
 Hon. Andrew J. Sawyer, attorney at law at Ann Arbor. Mich., was born in the 
 town of Caroline, Tompkins Co., N. Y., Nov. 18, 1834 He received an academic 
 education and engaged in teaching from the age of 18 to 35. While in New 
 York he read law with Judge Cray, and when he removed to Michigan in 1857 he 
 read with Judge Barnes, of Mason, Mich. In 1860 he was admitted to practice, 
 and since tliat lime has devoted himself exclusively to his professional duties. In 
 1876 he was elected Representative from the Second District of Washtenaw 
 county, and repres nted this district in the Legislative session of 1877. In 1878 
 he was again elec'ed to the Legislature, and as Republican candidate received 
 1,345 votes, against 1,135 cast for his opponent, William Murray, Democratic and 
 Greenback candidate. la tlie Legislative session of 1877 he was a member of the 
 Judiciary Committee, and in the session of 1879 he was its Chairman. In 1876 
 he was made Chairman of the Washtenaw County Republican Committee, and 
 since that time has held that position. 
 
 D. F. Sehairer, dry -goods merchant at Ann Arbor, Mich., is a native of this 
 city and was born in 1854, where he also received his education. He spent two 
 years on a farm and in 1865 entered the employ of C. H. Millen, with whom he 
 learned the dry-goods business. He continaed with Mr. Millen until his failure in 
 
 1878, after which he remained with Mr. Gott, the assignee of Mr. Millen, until the 
 stock was closed out. In April, 1880, he opened the store which he now occupies, 
 and is making a success of business for himself. 
 
 C. tichmid, Ann Arbor, was born in Wurteo^jjerg, Germany, in 1829. He was 
 educated in the land of his nativity, and also learned the carpenter trade there. In 
 1851 be came to America and came to Michigan, locating at Ann Arbor. He at 
 once began working at his trade, which he still follows to a slight extent. In 1866 
 he opened a lumber yard at the corner of Fifth & Liberty streets, where he has 
 done a large business. Mr. Schmid has twice represented the Second ward in the 
 city council as Alderman . In the formation of the l\la?nnerchor of this city he 
 WdS one of the prime movers, and for 10 years, up to 1880, was its President. He 
 is a member of Zion's Lutheran Church of this city. 
 
 Frederick Sch7ni<l, jr., of the dry goods firm of Mack & Schmid, was born at 
 Lodi, Washtenaw county, Mich., in 1889. He was educated at Scio and Ann 
 Arbor, where his father removed when he was about 13 years of age. In 1857, 
 when Mr. Mack opened his dry-goods store, Mr. Schmid entered his employ as 
 clerk. After remaining with him three years he became connected with Mr. Mack 
 in the business, under the firm name of Mack & Schmid, and this partnership yet 
 continues. Mr. Schmid is a son of the Rev. Frederick Schmid, who was the fi'rst 
 German minister in Michigan. 
 
 J. F. Schuh, hardware merchant, Ann Arbor, was born in Wurtemberg, Ger- 
 many, in 1843. At three years of age be moved with his parents to I>few York, 
 and remained there six years. The family then immigrated to Washtenaw Co., 
 where the father died shortly after arrivmg. At 13 years of age Mr. S. obtained 
 a clerkship in one of the hardware stores of Ann Arbor, and remained in that 
 line of trade till he was able to go into business for himself. This he did in 1861, 
 and entered into partnership with Mr. Weidman, and continued in that connec- 
 tion until 1873, when Mr. Schuh started in business alone, since which time he 
 has built up a fine trade, and occupies a three-story building on Main street, filled 
 with hardware of the best quality. In 1877, he married Salina Cropsey, a daugh- 
 ter of George Cropsey. 
 
 J. Austin Scott, Ann Avhor, was horn at 'Rich'lie]d, Fairfield Co., Ct., April 13, 
 1806. His grandfather, David Scott, held a commission in the American army 
 during the Revolutionary war. The 4 sons of this veteran of the Revolution, 
 served in the ranks. In Jan., 1795, Jeremiah Scott, the'father of J. Austin, married 
 Miss Amelia Wakeman, and they had 5 sons and 4 daughters. Austin's educa- 
 tion was obtained under discouraging circumstances, yet he surmounted every 
 
ANN ARBOE TOWNSHIP. 1039 
 
 difficulty, and at the age of 18 entered a village •school as its teacher. A year 
 afterward lie became clerk in a large business house, and ultimately manager 
 the same. He taught school during the winter of 1833-'4, and in May of the 
 latter year came westward, locating at Parrysburg, where he purchased the office 
 of the Miami of the Lake, and became editor of that journal. In 1835 he disposed 
 of his interest in this enterprise and took a position with Judge Hollister. In 
 May, 1836, he explored the Raisin river valley, encountering all the privations 
 that man can endure, but overcoming every difficulty and returning with success 
 in the fall of 1836. He was immediately appointed agent of the Miami City Land 
 Company and also of the Higbee Company, in which he was largely interested. 
 
 During the winter of 1836-'7 he got out the timber for the steamboat (Jhesapeake. 
 The work on this vessel was discontinued, owing to the panic of 1837. The year 
 following, however, he, with Mr. Morse, of Detroit, and others, succeeded in 
 completing the Chesapeake, at a cost of $68,000. The building of this steamer and 
 the panic together exhausted ]\Ir. Scott's finances, but with his characteristic en- 
 €rg3', he again succeeded in replenishing his treasury, and so came out victorious 
 from the trials which ruined thousands. 
 
 His marriage with Miss Ann Austin Crocker took place Sept. 18, 1837, but 
 his voung wife died about three years afterward. 
 
 ifr. Scott formed the first agricultural society of Lucas county, Ohio, being 
 elected Vice-President, and subsequently President ot that organization. He was 
 also Alderman 18 consecutive years, and President of the Council 13 times ; was 
 also Trustee of Waynesfield tp. each succeeding year for a long period, member 
 of the Board of Education for 30 years. President of the State Pomological Society 
 and the Maumee Horticultural Society. He is now President of the Cemetery 
 Board, the Ann Arbor Agricultural Company and the Gas Company. 
 
 July 7, 1847, he married Sarah S. Ramsey, of Granville, Hampden Co., Mass. 
 The Scott family, of .5 children, comprised Frank Austin, Everett, Henry, Annie 
 Elizabeth (dec.) and Mary E. H. Frank Austin Scott graduated at Yale in 1869, 
 and at the Michigan University in 1870, completed a post-graduate course in 1873 ; 
 he also graduated at Leipsic as a Doctor of Philosophy, and then accepted a po- 
 sition as private secretary to George Bancroft, the celebrated historian of the 
 United States. To-day he holds a position as lecturer in the Johns Hopkins Uni- 
 versity at Baltimore. 
 
 Moses SeaboU, junior member of the firm of Rinsey & Seabolt, grocers and bakers, 
 Ann Arbor, was born in Germany in 1837. The same year his parents emigrated 
 to America, and settled in Ann Arbor, where Moses received a good practical edu- 
 cation. He early engaged in milling, and before he reached his majority was con- 
 sidered a superior miller. For 14 years he worked at his trade, and for 15 years has 
 been engaged in his present business. In 1864 he married Mary Stocking, and 5 
 children have been born to them. Mr. Seabolt was Alderman of Ann Arbor for 
 four years, and has been connected with the fire department for over 35 years, being 
 elected several times to the offices of Assistant Engineer, and Foreman. He is at 
 present a Director in the Ann Arbor Agricultural Works, and the Keck Furniture 
 Manufacturing Company. Mr. Seabolt is a good business man and one well 
 respected. 
 
 Hon. Ezra O. Seaman, (deceased) was a wealthy and respected citizen of Ann 
 Arbor for nearly a quarter of a centurj'. He was born at Chatham, N. Y., Oct. 14, 
 1805. His parents were Sylvanus and Lydia (Champion) Seaman, the former of 
 Quaker, and the latter of Pm-itan parentage. Mr. Seaman obtained a liberal educa- 
 tion, and at an early day began the study of law. He was admitted as an Attorney 
 to the Supreme Court of New York, and in 1839 removed to Detroit. Mr. Sea- 
 man published his first edition of " Essays on the Progress of Nations," in 1846 ; in 
 1849 was appointed Chief Clerk to Elisha Whittlesey, Comptroller of the Treasury of 
 the United States, where he served with marked ability until 1853 ; while a resident 
 of Washington he issued in 1853 two supplements, and subsequently a second edi- 
 tion of his far-<"amed work ; came to Ann Arbor in 1855; was afterward appointed 
 an Inspector of the Michigan State's prison, by Gov. Bingham ; in 1858 purchased a 
 half interest in the Ann Arbor Journal, remaining as its editor until 1 867 ; in 1868 
 ■visited London, Paris, and the principal cities of Europe ; in 1870, published a work 
 on " The American System of Government," which was afterward translated into 
 the French language, and also republished in Belgium ; in 1873-3, he published his 
 "Views of Nature," and also prepared important documentary papers for the 
 N^ational Prison Association ; he wrote a paper for the Ann Arbor Scientific Asso- 
 
1040 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 elation, entitled, " Life and Spontaneous Generation," whicli attracted wide atten- 
 tion throughout the scientific circles of the United States. Mr. Seaman departed 
 this life, after an eventful history of veil-spent usefulness, in July, 1880, at the age 
 of 75 years; He was tenderly laid at rest in Forest Hill cemetery, by a large circle 
 of friends aad neighbors, who sincerely mourned the loss of one whose wisdom and 
 influence were felt far and wide through his long and eventful life. 
 
 Hanson Sessions was born in the town of Lenox, Madison Co., New York, in 
 the year 181.3. He received his earlier education there and at Cazenovia Seminary. 
 In the year 1833 he came with his father and family to Michigan and settled in 
 Northfleld tp. Having been reared a farmer he followed this business until 1867, 
 when he removed to Ann Arbor, since which time he has lived a life of retire- 
 ment. In July, 1842, Mr. Sessions was married to Miss Harriet L. Chubb, of 
 Green Oak, Livingston Co., Michigan. This marriage has been blessed with 4 
 children, all of whom are living. 
 
 J. Q. A. Sessions, attorney at law, Ann Arbor, was borii in Madison county, New 
 York, Jan. 15, 1832. He is the son of George Sessions, one of the early settlers of 
 Northfleld tp., having located six lots of land on sec. 3, in 1834. Mr. Sessions 
 was sent to the old seminary at Ypsilanti, and prepared for entrance to the 
 Michigan University. He entered the literary department of the latter institution 
 in 1854, and graduated with high honors in the class of 1856. In the same year 
 he went to Baton Rapids, Mich., where he commenced the study of law, and was 
 admitted to the Bar at Charlotte, Eaton county. May 24, 1858, and soon after 
 removed from Eaton Rapids to Charlotte, where he followed his profession till the 
 war of the Rebellion had commenced. In 1862 he canvassed Eaton county for 
 recruits for the 7th Mich. Cav. (then being organized at Grand Rapids), and 
 received from Governor Blair a commission of First Lieutenant of Co. D of that 
 Regiment. This Regiment was mustered into service at Grand Rapids on Nov. 
 13, 1862. The following spring it was ordered to Virginia, and became one of the 
 Regiments comprising the noted Mich. Cav. Brigade, commanded by Gen. Custer, 
 during the war. At the close of the war in 1865, the seventh was sent to the Rocky 
 Mountains to protect the United States mails and passengers (then transported 
 over the mountains in stage coaches) from attacks by hostile Indians. Returning 
 in October of that year, he received an honorable discharge at Fort Leavenworth, 
 and came to Ann Arbor in January, 1866, having served three of the best years of 
 his life in assisting to crush that monster rebellion. He has since resided in Ann 
 Arbor and has been engaged in the practice of law, and also the business of Fire 
 Insurance. Mr. S. has by honesty and integrity endeared himself to the people of 
 the city and county, and they have repaid him somewhat by honoring him with 
 several important official trusts. lu 1867 he was appointed Deputy District 
 Attorney, by Alfred Russell, of Detroit, the District Attorney, under the Internal 
 Revenue laws, and held the office two years. In 1870 he was elected as Justice of 
 the Peace for Ann Arbor city, and served in that position three years. In 1878 
 Mr. Sessions was chosen City Attorney by the Common Council of Ann Arbor, 
 and was re-elected in 1879. Mr. Sessions has been one of the most useful and 
 influential members of the Washtenaw County Pioneer Society, and as such has 
 given valuable assistance to the publishers of this work in assisting them in col- 
 lecting and preparing the history of the county. He also prepared and read 
 before the society a history of the early settlement of Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor, 
 which was full, complete and correct, and for which he received the thanks of that 
 body. He has filled in this body the following offices : In 1876 he was one of the 
 Vice-Presidents, and in 1877 President of the society. In 1878 he was Chairman 
 of the Executive Committee, and in 1879 was elected Secretary. On Sept. 15, 
 1857, he was married to Miss A. E. Morton, youngest daughter of Jonathan Q. 
 Morton, one of the early pioneers of Ypsilanti. 
 
 John F. Shipley, proprietor meat market, Ann .Arbor, was born in Germany in 
 1807. When 17 years old he emigrated to America, landing at Baltimore. He 
 remained there but a short time, and then went to Philadelphia, where he was 
 engaged in business for 12 years. While living in this latter place he married 
 Catharine Maer, by whom 9 children have been born to him . Mr. Shipley settled 
 in Washtenaw county in 1844, and has been engaged in business since 1846. He is 
 a consistent member of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 Asa L. Smith and family. Among the earliest settlers of Ann Arbor was Asa L 
 Smith, with his wife and eldest daughter, Lettie. He was born at Bos- 
 ton, Mass., May 12, 1793. Syrena Irons was born Oct 23, 1798, at Unadilla, N y" 
 
■^ ■"S*^ 
 
 /ic-Z-^^z^ -^ a^-f^yi^Cj^ 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1043 
 
 They were married July 12, 1833, at Gates, N. Y. This was not Mr. Smith's 
 first maiTiage, Leonard L. Smith of Columbus, Ohio, being his son by a former 
 wife. Their children were Lettice, born May 8, 1833, at Rochester, N. Y. ; E. W. 
 Rumsey, born Nov. 34, 1835, at Ann Arbor, died April 5, 1837, — the first white 
 child born in Ann Arbor; Mary, born June 33, 1837, at Ann Arbor ; Syrena, born 
 Feb. 38, 1839, at Ann Arbor; Sarah I., born April 34, 1831; Martha Ann, bom 
 Aug. 37, 1833, at Ann Arbor; Harvey Miller, born Aug. 8, 1840, at Ann Arbor. 
 Mr. Smith and family arrived at the new settlement at Ann Arbor on the 39th of 
 May, 1834, Mrs. Smith being the second white woman, and Lettice the first white 
 child of the settlement . The first shelter Mr. Smith constructed was made by 
 supporting an inverted wagon box on poles driven into the ground, and suspending 
 blankets from its edges. This rude covering protected the family partially from 
 the chilly night air, though it did not shut out the music of the wolves that fre- 
 quently serenaded the settlers with notes of questionable welcome. This kind of 
 tabernacle soon gave place, as civilization advanced, to a hut, constructed of poles, 
 and covered with bark peeled from the forest trees, which was in its turn 
 exchanged, about the 1st of October, for a log house, erected on Main street, north 
 of the court-house square. This house was soon sold to a new comer, and another 
 built, which was soon disposed of in the same way. Tkus, within seven years, the 
 family exchanged one home for another 13 times. Among the houses erected by 
 Mr. Smith was a frame, built about 1838, supposed to have been the first frame 
 house in the town; also the first school-house, standing on the site now occupied by 
 Zion's Lutheran church. This school-house was the place where the first pubUc 
 religious assemblies were convened, and was the cradle of the Presbyterian and 
 Episcopal Churches that now bless the city. In 1833 Mr. Smith moved to the 
 lower town (now Fifth ward), business, at that time, tending in that direction. 
 There he built the first brick block east of the river, on the south side of Detroit 
 street, where he lived two years and kept a cabinet shop. In 1839 he purchased a 
 house of John Everett, on the north side of Detroit street, east of the Washtenaw 
 House. This was his home several years, and place of business until his death, 
 Feb. 13, 1844. During the last seven years his residence was on the corner of 
 Brown and Traver streets . 
 
 Mrs. Smith, after her husband's death, remained in Aim Arbor until January, 
 1849, when she removed to Augusta, Kalamazoo county, where, in March of the 
 same year, she married Casey McKay, with whom she lived until his death, Nov. 6, 
 1861. Mrs. McKay is still living, now in the eighty -third year of her age. Her 
 hearing is somewhat impaired and her sight nearly gone; but her mind is active, 
 and her recollection of transactions and incidents of her pioneer life as clear and 
 vivid as ever. Her home is with her youngest daughter, Mrs. Martha Ann Hick- 
 man, Battle Creek, Mich., with whom she has lived since March, 1863. 
 
 /. C. Smith, attorney at law, Washington, D. C, was born in Fairfax county, 
 Vt., in 1817. He received an academic education in his native State. In 1837 he 
 settled in Lodi tp., Washtenaw Co., Mich., remaining there but a short time, when 
 he removed to Ann Arbor. He began the study of law with James Kingsley, and 
 after being admitted to the Bar, began the practice of that profession at Owosso, 
 Michigan. After removing to Pontiac, his success was most remarkable. In 1841 
 he settled at Ann Arbor, where he married Eliza North, a daughter of Rev. Benja- 
 min North, who settled in Lodi tp. in 1837. In 1845 Mr. Smith removed to Chi- 
 cago, where he was engaged quite extensively in the nursery business. Prom the 
 " Garden City," he went to Milwaukee, Wis., and was subsequently elected Mayor 
 of the city. In 1844 he ably edited a well-known newspaper of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Ransom S. Smith, M. I), (deceased), was born in Burlington, Vt.,'m 1813. He 
 became a resident of New York, where he received his preliminary education, grad- 
 uated, and entered the medical profession. In 1858 he settled at Ann Arbor as a 
 merchant and was very successful in this business, and it is believed founded the 
 first business banks of the city. In addition to many other responsibilities and 
 trusts, Mr. Smith found time to acceptably flU many local offices. He died in 1876, 
 and was laid at rest amid the scenes of his eventful life. In his death the commu- 
 nity lost a valued citizen ; his children an indulgent father; and the wife of his 
 bosom, a loving and affectionate husband. 
 
 Robert Smith was born at Northumberland, England, in 1839, and four years 
 
 later his parents emigrated to Washtenaw county, and settled two miles from 
 
 Dexter, where land was purchased from Judge Samuel Dexter. Young Robert 
 
 grew up amid pioneer associations, and In 1859 he was united in marriage to 
 
 61 
 
1044 HISTORy OF WASHTENAW CODNT^. 
 
 Rebecca Lamb, of Canada, and 2 children were born to them — James and Mary. 
 In 1873 they settled upon their present farm, consisting of over 300 acres, joint 
 property of Mrs. Smith and Jane Lamb. The father of these women was James 
 Lamb, a native of England. While a resident of his native country he was 
 married to Mary Nichols, by whom 9 children were born to them — Elizabeth, 
 Catherine, Margaret (deceased), James, a resident of Rose Point, Canada; Rebecca, 
 Jane and Anna. 
 
 W- B. Smith, M. D., Ann Arbor, is a native of the " Empire State," and was 
 born at Barry, Orleans county, March 7, 1838. He received a portion of his edu- 
 cation there and at Albion Academy. In 1858 his parents came to Ann Arbor, 
 and the Doctor graduated from the city high school in 1859. He read medicine 
 with his father, and in 1859 entered the medical department of Michigan Univer- 
 sity, with Dr. Denton as his preceptor, and graduated in 1861. The same year he 
 went to the barracks at Detroit, where he was in the service of the Government 
 about three months. He then returned to Ann Arbor and began to practice. In 
 1863 he was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the army of the Cumberland where 
 he remained one year, when, on account of illness, he returned to Ann Arbor. 
 The following year was reappointed to the same position, but having volunteered 
 to go on duty at Charles City Point and before Petersburg he was sent there. At 
 the close of the war he returned to practice in this city. He has a large practice, 
 making a specialty of obstetrics. He is now Treasurer of the County Agricultural 
 Society, which position he has previously held. He is also a Director of the Ann 
 Arbor Savings Bank, and is also Chief of the City Fire Department. He has 
 served this city twice as Mayor. 
 
 Sichard Snell, a pioneer of Washtenaw county, who settled here in 1833, was 
 born in Montgomery county, N. Y., and at the age of seven years accompanied 
 his parents to Orleans county, where he remained until of age. He then came 
 West, and located in Lima tp., purchasing in 1836 a tract of land comprising 130 
 acres. He did most of his farm work with ox teams. In 1833 he married Fanny 
 Bennett, a daughter of Araunah and Betsey (Marshall) Bennett, the former a 
 pioneer minister of this county — a man of a large physical nature, and with a true 
 Christian heart. Mrs. Snell once made the journey from Ann Arbor to Jackson 
 when there was only one log house between the now two prosperous cities of South- 
 ern Michigan. 
 
 JfJlias Snyder, proprietor only saw-mill in Ann Arbor tp., was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1844, and was married in that State to Hannah Steffey, a daughter of 
 Abram Steffey. He came to this county in 1889, where he has followed farmmg, and 
 in harvest seasons operated a threshing-machine. In 1880 he purchased the mill 
 property formerly owned by Mr. Blaess. During the winter season some 40,000 
 feet of lumber is sawed at this mill. Mr. 8. is a shrewd business man, accommo- 
 dating, and receives a good share of custom work. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder have 
 3 children — Amanda, Luena and Benjamin. 
 
 Frederick Sorg, dealer in paints and oils, at Ann Arbor, is a native of Germany, 
 and was born at Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, A. D. 1837, and there was educated and 
 learned his trade. In 1848 he came to the United States. When he landed in 
 New York city he had but 23 shillings. He remained there but two or three 
 days, and when he left he had but three shillings remaining ; with this he went to 
 Albany, and after paying for his breakfast had nothing left. At Albany he met a 
 friend who came across the ocean with him, and from him secured means to come 
 West, and came to Ann Arbor. He for a time worked for others at various things, 
 and then began taking jobs of painting, which he continued until 1858, when he 
 put in a stock of paints and oils. His trade has constantly increased, and by 
 careful ways he has secured a fine business. 
 
 Misses Soule & Jenkins, milliners, dress and cloak makers, Ann Arbor, were 
 established in 1875. They carry a large stock of the most choice and elegant 
 millinery, and have in use the celebrated Taylor imported patterns, by which they 
 are enabled to cut and tit dresses in the latest and most modern styles. 
 
 Thomas Speedily, dealer and maker of boots and shoes, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 Canada in 1836. When he was about one year old his parents came to Ann Arbor. 
 They were from England, and at the time of the Patiiot war in Canada left that 
 province. Thomas was educated in Ann Arbor in the city schools, and learned the 
 trade of shoemaker from his father. He worked for various men until 1877, when 
 he opened a shop for himself. In 1865 he was married to Miss Eliza Van Buren, of 
 Ann Arbor. To them have been bom 3 children. 
 
ANN AKBOE TOWNSHIP. 1045 
 
 Edwin A. Spence was bom in Salem tp., Washtenaw county, in 1S37. His 
 iather, Dr. Adam Spence, was a native of Scotland, and settled in Salem tp. in 
 1830. He was a graduate of King's Literary and Medical Academy, and in his 
 day was an eminent physician. He died in 1850, leaving a valuable estate to his 
 heirs. His wife, Elizabeth Spence, was a lady of rare intellectual attainment, and 
 fervent piety. She wrote several poems, the last one on the opening of the Centen- 
 nial Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876, and which was printed and copied far and 
 wide. The day before her death she spent in revising some verses she had written 
 on the occasion of her 83d birthday, and which were printed in a large literary 
 work in Glasgow, Scotland. Her son, Edward Spence, originated the college Y. 
 M. C. A. in i;-e Universit}' of Michigan, being the iirst of the kind ever established 
 in the United States. Mrs. Spence was a firm believer in the cause for which Fisk 
 University, Nashville, Tenn., was established, and assisted by pen and voice in for- 
 warding that grand and noble enterprise. She was laid to rest in Forest Hill ceme- 
 tery, at Ann Ai-bor. Edwin A. Spence, previously mentioned, was born in this 
 county, and lived here till 13 years of age, when he removed, with his parents, to 
 Howell, Michigan, where he was fitted for college. He entered Michigan Univer- 
 sity and graduated from the literary department of that learned institution in 1860, 
 .subsequently attending the Theological Seminary at Auburn, N. Y., also at Andover, 
 Mass., where he graduated. During the war he was 20 weeks in the employ of the 
 U. S. Christian Commission, and after the war closed, preached the gospel for 
 many years. His health gave way and he was forced to retire. In 1874 he mar- 
 ried Mrs. S. M. Richardson, relict of Noah C. Richardson, and daughter of Robert 
 Turner, of Dexter. Mr. Spence is a consistent worker in the temperance cause of 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 Samuel A. Speri-y (deceased) was born at Hartford, Ct., Oct. 10, 1804, where he 
 was also educated. His father was a blacksmith, and he learned the same busi- 
 ness. He began to learn the trade when he was eight years of age, and his fath- 
 er's health having failed he, at 14, supported the family. In 1836 he came West, 
 and located first at Ypsilanti. In 1837 he removed to Ann Arbor, where he en- 
 gaged in blacksmithing in company with his brother, which was the first black- 
 smith shop there. He was a skilled mechanic, and his industrious habits soon 
 placed him on the high road to prosperity. About 1845 he purchased a farm just 
 south of Ann Arbor, but still continued business in the city. Failing health com- 
 pelled him to give that up and he retired to his farm, where he passed the rest of 
 his days. He died Nov. 30, 1867. In 1839 he was married to Miss Miranda Page, 
 a daughter of Rufus Page, who came into this county in 1836. To them were born 
 4 sons, of whom 2 are living. Mrs. Sperry now lives with her son, John 
 Sperry, on the old farm. John was born in 1836, in Ann Arbor, where he was 
 also educated. After his father purchased the farm in 1845 that was his home, 
 and there he was reared to farming, which he has followed to the present. In 
 1864 he was married to Miss Kittle Snyder, of Scio, whose father, John Snyder, 
 was an early settler in this county. They have 3 daughters. Mr. Sperry is a 
 Republican, and is a strong temperance man and a worker in the Red Ribbon 
 movement. 
 
 Jonathan Bprague, merchant tailor, Ann Arbor, is a native of Canandaigua 
 JN. Y., where he was bom in 1818. His next residence was Prairie du Chien, Wis,, 
 where he worked at his trade for some time. While a resident of that city he mar- 
 ried Oril Patch, a daughter of Luther Patch, of Wayne county. One child, 
 •Orlando, blessed this union, but he was laid at rest at the tender age of six years 
 In 1843 Mr. Sprague settled in the lower town^of Ann Arbor, where he worked at 
 his trade, and from that time to the present has been very successful. His wife 
 died some years ago, and he married Miss A. E. Sumner, a daughter of George 
 Sumner, of New York. They have 4 children. 
 
 J.P. StaeUer, farmer, sec. 18, Ann Arbor tp.; P. 'O., Ann Arbor; was born at 
 Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1829, and is a son of Frederick and Margaret Staebler. 
 Mr. S. crossed the ocean in 1853, and after a short residence in New York, came to 
 Ann Arbor, where he worked as a farm hand, generously sending his surplus funds 
 ■to his parents in Germany. For four years he worked for the Cornwell Paper 
 Mills, and in 1858 took a contract to supply the mills with straw. In 1859 
 he married Geraldine Stoup, a daughter of Adam Stoup, of Baden, Ger- 
 many. In 1862 Mr. S. purchased 56 acres of land, and in 1863 built him a 
 ■commodious stone house. In 1866 he gave up his contract and devoted his time to 
 farming, in which occupation he was very successful, and has taken several prizes at 
 
1046 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the State and county fairs, for size and quality of his grain. He supplied the Con- 
 gregational Church at Ann Arbor with the stone for their beautiful edifice. In 
 1873 he resumed his contract with the Cornwells, and in 1874 also furnished a mill 
 in Jackson with straw. ]Vtr. and Mrs. Staebler have 3 children — Charles F., Prank 
 O. and Emanuel M. 
 
 Prof. Joseph Beat Steere, Ph. D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, was 
 bornatRoUin, Lenawee Co., Mich., Feb. 9, 1843. His father, William Steere, 
 was of Quaker ancestry, originally from Ohio; his mother was of New England 
 descent. Mr. Steere's education was obtained in the common schools and in life 
 on a farm. He finished his preparation for college at the Ann Arbor high 
 school, and entered the literary department of the University of Michigan in 
 1864. He made a special study of natural history, and graduated in 1868. He 
 then entered the law department, graduating in 1870. Immediately afterward 
 he started on a tour, in the interest of the University, to make collections for the 
 departments of zoology and botany. He went from New York to Brazil, and 
 from the latter place visited all the South American countries ; from Lima he 
 crossed the Pacific in a ship engaged in the coolie trade, going for a cai-go to 
 Macao, China. He made the voyage of 11,000 miles in 73 days. From Macao he 
 journeyed successfully to Hong Kong and Canton ; thence to Formosa, and thence 
 to the Philippine Islands. He returned home via Suez canal, Mediterranean 
 sea, Naples, Marseilles, London and Liverpool. He was absent three years. 
 Soon after returning he accepted the position of instructor in zoology, and in 
 1876 was made Assistant Professor in this department, which position he now 
 holds. In 1876 he made a trip to England for the study of collections in the 
 British museum. Prof. Steere's collection, known as the "Beal-Steere collection," 
 now in the University of Michigan, contains 3,000 birds, 100,000 sea-shells, 12,000 
 insects, 1,000 corals, 300 fishes, 200 reptiles, 500 crustacese, 500 specimens of 
 ancient and modern pottery, a small collection of Chinese bronzes, a collection ot 
 arms, clothing and implements, a collection of plants and woods, a collection ot 
 fossils, a collection of ores and rocks, a collection of photographs, and a collec- 
 tion of pith-paper pictures from China. Doctor Steere has earned the heartj' 
 applause of naturalists for the vigorous way in which he combated the difficul- 
 ties of the climate and the personal danger in jjursuing science, and reaped so 
 abundant a harvest in the face of these trials. He has an enthusiastic fondness 
 for his department, and his highest ambition for his Alma Mater is that her 
 museum of natural history may be second to none on this continent. 
 
 Abraham Steffey (deceased) was born in Pennsylvania in 1795. He was mar- 
 ried in his native State to Sallie Kuhns, and in 1856 came to Michigan, locating 
 in Ann Arbor tp., where he bought 118 acres of well-improved land. He resided 
 in this county until his death, which occurred in 1874. Nine children were born 
 to them, 8 of whom are living — Charles, who married Catherine Eisele, and died . 
 in 1877 ; Sallie,wife of Charles Meyer (dec.) ; then Daniel Young ; Mary, a resident 
 of Pennsylvania; Abraham, jr. ; Eliza, wife of Jacob Weidmer; David, Hannah, 
 Rebecca, Maria. One of the sons, Abraham, jr., is a miller and farmer by oc- 
 cupation, and settled in Ann Arbor tp. in 1844. 
 
 George F. Stein, dealer in fresh and salt meats, 24 E. Huron St., Ann Arbor, was 
 born in Scio tp., in 1853. He grew to manhood and was educated in the common 
 schools of Washtenaw county. In 1878, he married Miss Henry, and 1 child, 
 Robert, has been sent to bless this union. Mr. Stein is one of the young and 
 enterprising business men of Ann Ai'bor, and owns the building he occupies. 
 
 Dr. J. Steward (deceased), for many years a resident of Ann Arbor, and a 
 physician of note, was born in Scotland in 1824. He grew to manhood and was 
 liberally educated in his native land, becoming very successful as a practicing 
 physician of Edinburgh. About 1850 he settled at Ann Arbor, whefe he resided 
 until the time of his death, that sad event occuring in 1864. He married Alice 
 White, a daughter of Eber White, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume- 
 One cliild, Irene, was the result of this alliance. 
 
 James Sumner (deceased) was born in Delaware Co. N. Y., in 1800, and was a 
 son of Jacob and Margaret (Loveland) Sumner. Having received a good educa- 
 tion, Mr. Sumner taught school a number of years. June, 1829, he married Alma 
 Parker, a daughter of Seth Parker, of New York. In 1835 he moved to Ohio, farm- 
 ing there until 1843, when he removed to Miciiigan, and located at Saline, having 
 bought 215 acres of land in Pittsfield tp. He officiated as Postmaster of Saline, also 
 Justice ofthe Peace and Supervisor. In 1867 he bought property in Ann Arbor, and 
 moved into the city. Five children were bom to Mr. and Mrs Sumner — Mrs. Handy 
 
AXN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 1047 
 
 Mrs. Stiles, Vira, James E., and Seth. Mr. Sumner departed this life the same time 
 that the year ISlio was making his farewell to the many inhabitants on this globe — ■ 
 Dec, 81. He was a good Christian man, and well respected. His son, James E., 
 was born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, in 1887. In lSt>'3 he enlisted in the Michigan 
 Volunteere as a private, and rapidly rose in the ranks, being commander of a bric:- 
 ade when the Grand Review was held at Washington at the close of the war. lie 
 was also an eye witness of the sm-render of Lee at Appomattox Court-House. "While 
 a member of the 3th ^Michigan Cavalry, he was wounded at Cold Harbor. Since 
 the war, ^Er. S. has devoted his time to mercantile pursuits, and is now engaged in 
 the nursery business. In 1868 he married Fanny Richardson, a daughter of Mrs. 
 James Barker. 
 
 Ree. J. 1\ Suiidirhtnd, Pastor of the Unitai-ian Church of Arm Arbor, was born 
 in Yorkshire, England, in 1843. ^Tien he was two years of age, his parents came 
 to America and located in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., where he lived until 15 j-ears of 
 age. He then went to Clayton Co., Iowa, where he, for two years, clerked in the 
 store of his brother. He then went to Burlington, Iowa, where he prepared for 
 college and took one year in Burlington University. He then entered Madison Uni- 
 versity, at Hamilton, X. Y., where he remained nearly two years. He enlisted in 
 the 5th New York Artillery and served one and one-half years till the close of the 
 war, being on detach duty at Elmira. At the close of the war he went to Chicago 
 University, from which lie graduated in 186". He then entered the Baptist Union 
 Theological Seminary from which he graduated in ISTO. His first pastorate was 
 the Sycamore St. Baptist Church at Milwaukee, where he remained two years. 
 Flndiiig his views no longer in accord with the old orthodox ideas, he resigned and 
 spent some months in the East. In 1873 he accepted a call to the First Unitarian 
 Church of Northfield, ]Mass., where he remained until 187ti. He then went to the 
 Fourth Unitarian Church of Chicago, where he remained until 1878. Receiving a 
 «ill to the Unitarian Church of this city, he, in 1878, came here. ^Ir. Sunderland 
 is the author of a series of sermons, entitled "A Rational Faith," published in 1876, 
 and " What is the Bible?" in 1878, which has passed through two editions. 
 
 A*. iSKfAeW^imf, Ann Arbor, was born in the town of Piltsfield, Washtenaw Co., 
 in 1840. There he has passed much of his life as a tarmer. In 1866 he was mar- 
 ried to Jliss Gebie Drake, of the town of York, in this county. To them have 
 been born 1 son and 1 daughter, both of whom are living. In 1878 Mr. S\ither- 
 land came to this city, where he has since lived. 
 
 J. T. i'wiithe!. of "the lirm ofSwathel, Kyer ..t Peterson, proprietors of City 
 Mills, Ann Ai'bor, was born in Connecticut in 1819, and is a son of William R. 
 imd Hiirriet M. Swathel. J. T. remained a resident of Connecticut imtilhis loth 
 yeai-, when he located at Detroit. He was engaged in mercantile piu-suits in the 
 "latter city for three years, and lu 1841 came to Ann Arbor, where he first was 
 employed as a clerk. In 1848 he went to Wisconsin, and thence to Grand Rapids. 
 He came back to Ann Arbor June 1, 18.50, and became interested in the milling 
 business with William Sinclair. He sold out his interest in 1867, and the next 
 year bought the Ann .Vrbor City Mills. In 1874, on accoimt of ill-health, he dis- 
 posed of a two-thirds interest in the mill. He fli'st married ^lary E. Xoble, ot 
 Ann Arbor, and 1 child, Harriet M., was born to them. Mrs. S. died in Feb., 
 1865, and in Dec, 186">, !Mr. Swathel msirried Mrs. Elizabeth M. Rory. 
 
 Fraiiklin Siriff (deceaseds was a native of Xew York, where he was born 
 Nov, 10, 1815, and in an early day accompanied his parents to Plymouth, 5Iich., 
 where he remained until 1850, when he removed to Ann Ai'bor. While a resident 
 of Plymouth he married, Feb. -'0, 1840, H^-riet Purdy, and 3 children were born 
 to them — Lucy S.. a resident of Ypsilanti ; John M., an active partner in the Switt 
 Flouring Mills of .\nn Arbor, and Mivrv E., wife of George L. Loomis, and a part- 
 ner in the Swift Mills, also. Mrs. S. died ilaioh 13, 1849, and in 1850 Mr. Swift 
 married Siirah Brittan, who lived but a short time. In Jan., 1854, he married 
 Laura E. Phillips, of Ypsilanti. Thev have 1 child— Lodocia, born Feb. 10, 1859. 
 Mr. Swift built the celebrated Sinclair Mills, at a co>t of ^35,000. His sou and 
 daughter, John M., and Mrs. Mary E. Loomis, own the property, and enjoy a large 
 trade, selling their flour in the ditferent States of the Union, and al>o shipping 
 car-load lots' to Scotland. 
 
 Jonathan T'lft. D. D. !?.. Professor of the Principles and Practice of Operative 
 Dentistry in the L'niversity of Jlichigan, is a citizen of Cincinnati, Ohio. He was 
 Txim in Brown county Sept. 17, 1830. He was resu-ed in Ohio, where he received 
 an academic education, and taught school a few years. In 1853 he araduated 
 
1048 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 from Ohio College of Dental Surgery, and in 1854 was appointed to a professorship 
 there. He is Dean of the College of Dentistry of Michigan University, at the 
 same time holding the same position in the Ohio College of Dental Surgery. For 
 the past 20 years he has published at Cincinnati, Ohio, a Dental Journal. In 
 1859 he published a text-book of dentistry, which has passed through several edi- 
 tions. He has also published TafVs Operative Dentistry, which was issued four 
 years : Transactions of the State Dental Societies of Ohio and Michigan for eight 
 of nine years, as Secretary of those bodies. He has also published the American 
 Dental Association, from its ninth volume, until now (1880) it has reached the 34th 
 volume. He was married to Miss Hannah Collins, of Ripley, Ohio. 
 
 J. G. Taylor, Aim Arbor, was born in Montgomery county, N. Y., in 1820. In 
 1831 his parents removed to Michigan, locating in Northfield tp., being one of 
 the early settlers in that town. There and at Ann Arbor Mr. Taylor was educated. 
 He read medicine and practiced some years under a license as a homeopathist. 
 In 1840 he came to Ann Arbor, where he has lived the most of the time since. 
 In 1844 he was married to Miss Harriet McCollum, of this city, whose father was 
 an old pioneer here. Of his children Mrs. Emily Allen, of this city, is a musician 
 and teacher of some note. She studied at Ypsilanti and Detroit, under such in- 
 structors as Lyman AVheeler, Dudley Buck, Carl Zerrahn and Carlyle Petersilea. 
 She has taught at Ypsilanti, Jackson, Ann Ai-bor and other places with marked 
 success. Dr. Taylor is extensively engaged in fruit culture, having 1,200 fruit- 
 bearing peach-trees, and about two acres of grape vines, from which in 1880 he 
 picked 10,000 lbs. of fruit. 
 
 J. U. Taylor, house-mover, Ann Arbor, was born in Montgomery county, N. Y., 
 in 1818, and is a son of Willis and Anna (Hurley) Taylor, who became residents 
 of this county in 1832. Mr. Taylor was raised a farmer's boy, and had for his 
 early associates many of those who are now prominent in the offices of this 
 county. At the age of 22 he became engineer in a paper-mill, situated in the 
 lower town of Ann Arbor. He labored in this mill 18 years, and then turned his 
 attention to house-moving. In the latter business he has been quite successful, 
 and has accumulated enough money to purchase a nice city property. In 1844 he 
 married Charlotte Powellson, daughter of Menah Powellson, a native of New 
 York. They have 4 children — Lizzie, wife of C. Henion, of Ann Arbor ; Lotta, 
 wife of Darius Pennington, Macon, Mich., Fanny, a graduate of Union school, 
 Ann Arbor, and Herbert J. 
 
 Rev.' Andrew Ten Brook was born in Elmira, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1814. His father 
 and grandfather were natives of New Brunswick, N. J. As the name indicates, 
 the family is of Hollandish descent , and in early life Mr. Ten Brook's father spoke 
 the language of Holland. Rev. Andrew Ten Brook received his education, — pre- 
 paratory, collegiate and theological — at Madison University, near Utica, N. Y., 
 spending eight years there, and graduated in 1841. It was then the custom for the 
 senior theological class, with the concurrence of the faculty, to appoint one of its 
 members to preach a sermon on January 1, and this appointment was given to Mr. 
 Ten Brook. In October, 1841, he was ordained in Detroit, Mich., as Pastor of the 
 Baptist Church in that city, in which charge he continued until September, 1844. 
 He then resigned to accept the Professorship of Moral Philosophy in Michigan 
 University, at Ann Arbor, where the first class commenced its senior studies at that 
 time. He remained in this position until 1851, when he resigned and returned East. 
 In 1853 he went to Utica, N. Y., where he purchased a half interest in the Baptist 
 Register, and accepted the chief editorial responsibility. For two years he re- 
 mained with this paper ; at the end of that time the owners of the New York Be- 
 cor der united with the Register, and removed the publication of the latter to the 
 metropolis, and Mr. Ten Brook then sold out his interest. He was appointed United 
 States Consul at Munich, Bavaria, and in September, 1856, removed to that place, 
 living there till December, 1862. Returning to the United States, he settled at Ann 
 Arbor in 1863. In September, 1864, he became Librarian of the University of 
 
 Michigan, which position he retained until . Mr. Ten Brook's first effort as 
 
 editor of a religious journal was with the Michigan Christian Herald, the publica- 
 tion of which was begun in Detroit Jan. 1, 1843, by the Executive Committee 
 of the State Baptist Convention. He remained with this paper until his call to the 
 University in 1844. In 1875 he published an octavo volume, entitled the American 
 State Universities and the University of Michigan. Mr. Ten Brook has written 
 numerous articles for the periodical press, the subjects belonging to the domains of 
 philosophy, antiquity, and history. He is now engaged in preaching in the Kat- 
 
ANN AEBOK TOWNSHIP. 1049 
 
 « 
 
 skill mountains, in the State of New York, while his family still reside in Ann 
 Arbor. 
 
 Enoch Terhune, dealer in agricultural implements," Ann Arbor, was born in 
 Seneca Co., N. Y., Jan. 30, 1818, and is the sixth son of Enoch and Sarah (Depew) 
 Terhune. His parents settled in Pittsfleld tp., in 1831, where the father died at 
 the age of 39. Mrs. Terhune passed away from earth after reaching her 75th 
 birthday. Enoch was in his 14th year when he came to Ann Ai'bor, but received 
 most of his educational training in the schools of Pittsiield and Ypsilanti. In 
 1843 he commenced in business in Ann Ai'bor, as a contractor and builder, and 
 ultimately became quite successful as a manufacturer of sashes, doors and blinds. 
 He also dealt extensively in the lumber business, and brought the first planing- 
 mill machinery in to Ann Arbor, thereby calling down on his head the wrath of 
 numerous workmen, who thought this would spoil their future business. Mr. 
 Terhune has been an active business man of Washtenaw county for over a quarter 
 of a century, and in the long rvm has made enough to keep the wolf from the 
 door. In 1849 he married Sarah Earl, and she bore Ihim 1 child — Frederick B., 
 a druggist, of Chicago, 111. In 1858 Mrs. Terhune died, and a year later Mr. T. 
 married Keziah Taylor. They have 1 child — Dr. Charles Terhune, of Ann Arbor, 
 a graduate of the law department of Michigan Universitj', but having a preference 
 for the medical practice, he entered the lists of the latter profession. The grand- 
 father of Mr. Terhune was an ensign in the Revolutionary war, and the remains 
 of the battle-scarred veteran now lie interred at Pittsfield, Michigan. 
 
 Gapt. Gharles Thayer is the only son of Nathan Thayer, an old resident of this 
 county, who came here in 1834. Nathan was a native of Milford, Mass., and grew 
 to manhood there, engaged the greater part of the time in farming. He then went 
 to Boston, and was engaged in bookkeeping and mercantile pursuits until his 
 emigration to this county. He was married in Pennsylvania in 1790 to Polly- 
 Stow, and 2 children were born to them — Anna and Charles. After his marriage 
 he moved to different points in the State of New York, and in 1824 came to 
 Ann Arbor. His wife died in 1803, at Tioga, Pa. His son, Charles, the subject 
 of this sketch, married Mary Ann Hart, daughter of Dr. William Luther and 
 Libbie (Selden) Hart, natives of Durham, Greene Co., N. Y. This marriage 
 was blessed with the birth of 1 child — Delia H., born March 18, 1826, and died 
 Feb. 5, 1837. After farming for about four years, Charles received the appoint- 
 ment of Postmaster of Ann Arbor, which position he filled from 1834 to 1841, 
 during which time his father acted as his deputy, and lived with him till his 
 death. After his term of ofBce expired, Mr. T. moved back on his farm of 320 
 acres, and followed that business till 1851, and then moved to Ann Arbor, and 
 opened a store containing general merchandise, and for some time carried on 
 both the farm and the store. In 1831 or 1832 he organized a volunteer company 
 of men for protection from the Indians. This company was known as the " Fron- 
 tier " Guards," and he was unanimously made Captain, which title he still bears, 
 although the " Guards, and the ravages of the hostile Indian are now stories of 
 the past. He has been elected to very nearly all the county and township offices 
 since his residence in the county, and was one of the committee appointed to lay 
 out a road connecting with the Detroit and Chicago turnpike. He also assisted 
 in dividing the county into school districts, after Michigan became a State. 
 
 Seth Thompson, retired farmer, and an old pioneer of this county, was born in 
 New Hampshire in 1803, and is a son of John T. and Hannah (Ely) Thompson. 
 When Seth had attained his sixth j-ear his parents moved to Maine, where they 
 resided six years, and thence to Madison county, N. Y., where he grew to man- 
 hood, and then married Calista Pebbles. Seven children were born to this union, 
 5 of whom are living. In 1831 Mr. Thompson moved to Salem, Washtenaw Co., 
 and bought 160 acres of land (still retained by the family), where he lived the 
 first 10 years in a log cabin, and toiled early and late in clearing away the heavy 
 timber. In 1863 Mrs. Thompson was laid at rest amid the scenes of earlier days, 
 and the following year Mr. T. married Mrs. Lansing, a daughter of Dr. Budlong, 
 who died at Adrian, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are members of the Congre- 
 gational Church. 
 
 Mrs. E. P. Todd, dress and cloak maker, Huron Block, Ann Arbor, has minis- 
 tered to the wants of the ladies of that city for over a quarter of a century ; and 
 when any special event occurs in which dresses play a prominent part, Mrs. 
 Todd's services are always called into requisition. She received her instructions 
 in this business from the well-known Madame Demorest, then of New Jei'sej', but 
 
1050 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 » 
 now a resident of New York city. Mrs. Todd is an active worlier in tlie temper- 
 ance movement, and was formerly President of one of tlie leading temperance 
 societies of Ann Arbor. 
 
 W. A. Tolchard, Treasurer Michigan University, was born at Seneca Falls, 
 N. Y., June 2, 1838, and is a son of William Tolchatd. for many years a prominent 
 druggist of Geneva, N. Y. At the early age of 14 Mr. Tolchard vfas fitted for 
 college, and the same year moved to Lenawee county, Mich., subsequently 
 locating at Hudson, Mich. In this latter place he was employed as a bookkeeper 
 for two and a half years, and afterward served in the same capacity at Adrian. 
 In 1869 he located at Ann Arbor, and very creditably filled the position of Teller 
 in the First National Bank until July, 1878, when he was appointed as Treasurer 
 of the funds belonging to Michigan University. In 1863 he married Martha 
 Foster, of Lawrence county, Mich., and 4 children, 2 sons and 2 daughters, have 
 been born to them. Mr. Tolchard is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. lodge at Ann 
 Arbor. 
 
 James Toms, florist, Ann Arbor, was born in Surrey, England, in 1817, and is a 
 son of William and Sarah Toms. His preliminary education was received in 
 night schools. He married Elizabeth Couzins, a daughter of Stephen and Mary 
 Couzins, natives of Hampshire, England. In 1854 Mr. Toms settled at Ann 
 Arbor, where he at first found employment at the Union school, then in process of 
 erection. Of late years he has been engaged in the horticultural business, and is 
 an honorary member of the State society of that name. He is also a member of 
 the Pomological Society, Red Ribbon Club, and St. Andrew's Episcopal Church. 
 
 Edward Treadwell, Ann Arbor, is a native of Cayuga county, N. Y., and -n-as 
 born in 1833. He remained there on a farm until 184i3, when he came to this 
 county, locating about two miles north of Ann Arbor. Three years later he went 
 farther north on a lai;ger farm, where, he remained three years ; then he I'emoved 
 to the vicinity of Dixboro, wliere he lived 12 years. He then came into 
 this city, where he has lived to the present with the exception of four years passed 
 on a farm near here. He was for four years dealing in agricultural implements. 
 For the past three years he, in company with .James Osborne, has been buying 
 wheat at this city. Mr. Treadwell represented his town as Supervisor one term, 
 but has generally kept out of politics. 
 
 Cornelius L. Tuomy, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 33, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 the town of Scio, Washtenaw Co., in 1843. He is a son of Timothy Tuomy, who 
 came into this county in 1835. Mr. Tuomy was chiefly educated at Ann Arbor. 
 After leaving school he for four years taught school and then returned to farming. 
 In 1864 he purchased his present farm of 227 acres, about 200 of which is under 
 cultivation. 
 
 Timothy Tuomy (deceased) was born in County Carey, Ireland, in 1780. His 
 father was a farmer in Ireland and Mr. Tuomy received a liberal education. He 
 was reared a farmer and he followed that business until 1835, when he came to 
 America to better himself. Heat once came to Michigan and located in the town of 
 Scio in this count}', where he purchased a farm of 367 acres which was cleared up 
 by his exertions. About 1845 he met with an accident which necessitated the 
 amputation of his right arm near the shoulder. Yet he could plow and do many 
 kinds of work as well as most men. About 1815 he was married to Johanna- 
 Roach of County Carey, Ireland. To them were born 9 children, of whom 3 sons 
 and 4 daughters are yet living. Mr. Tuomy died in 1864 aged 84 years and in 
 1880 Mrs. Tuomy died at the same advanced age. 
 
 Jacob Vandeioarker. One by one the old pioneers pass to the far beyond. 
 Soon they will all join each otlier on the golden shore, where pioneer hardships 
 and sufferings are never met. Jacob Vandewarker was born at Herkimer, N. Y., 
 Jan. 17, 1813. He came to Ann Arbor in 1836, and soon after commenced the 
 manufacture of boots and shoes in company with Mr. Schoolbeck. Oct. 16, 1837, 
 he married Sarah Ann Branch, of Ann Arbor. Their first house-keeping was on 
 North Main street, where they lived about eight years. Mr. V. then bought a lot, 
 and built a brick house, on corner of Fifth and Catherine streets, where he lived 
 until his death. He was attacked by a stroke of paralysis on Feb. 12, 1881, and 
 on March 3, following, passed over the river. He left a wife, 2 daughters, a son 
 and a daughter-in-law to mourn the loss of a kind husband, a generous and in- 
 dulgent father. 
 
 L'Mnard Vaughn, retired farmer and capitalist, was boi'n in Connecticut, in 1806, 
 aud is a son of George W. Vaughn. In 1835 Mr. V. became a resident of Erie,- 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1051 
 
 Pa., where he was employed by tlie Government as light-house keeper for many 
 years. In 1867 he came to Ann Arbor, where he has since resided in affluent 
 circumstances, the result of a well spent life. Mr. Vaughn is married and has 
 1 son, a wealthy banker of Canada. 
 
 Victor V. Vaughn, M. D.. Lecturer on Medical Chemistry at the University of 
 Michigan, at Ann Ai-bor, Mich., was born at Randolph, Mo., Oct. 27, 1851. He 
 prepai-ed for college at home and in 1866 entered Centi'al College at Fayette, Mo. 
 He remained at this institution one year, and entered Mount Pleasant College at 
 Huntsville, Mo., where besides pursuing his studies he taught Latin, and from 
 which he graduated in 1872. He remained there as Professor of Latin until 1874, 
 whenhe entered the literary department of Michigan University, taking the degree 
 of Master of Arts in 1873, and of Doctor of Philosophy in 1876, and was one of 
 the first two who received that degree from the University on examination. In 
 1878 he graduated from the medical department of Michigan University. In 
 1876 he was appointed Assistant in the Laboratorj', and in 1879 received the 
 appointment of Lecturer on Medical Chemistry, his present position. Professor 
 Vaughn is the author of a number of works. His Thesis at graduation on the 
 .subject of "Osteology and Myology of the Domestic Fowl" was published in book 
 form ; also in 1878 he issued a ''Handbook of Chemical Physiology and Pathology " 
 which has passed through three editions. He is also editor of the Physician and 
 Surgeon, a monthly medical journal published at Ann Arbor. He has also con- 
 tributed papers to other medical and scientific journals. In 1877 he was married 
 to Miss Dora C. Taylor, of Huntsville Mo. To them have been born 3 children 
 —Victor Clarence, born March 4, 1879 ; John W., born Aug. 6, 1880. 
 
 William Wagner, merchant tailor at Ann Ai-bor, was born at Stuttgart, Ger- 
 many, A. D. 1817. There he was educated and learned the business of tailor. 
 In 1838 he came to America and located at Manchester, Washtenaw Co., Mich., 
 where he worked at tailoring with Marshall Parker, with whom he remained 
 until 1845, when he began business for himself. Since commencing business his 
 trade has rapidly increased, and by strict business integrity and attention to the 
 wants of his customers he has won an enviable reputation. He has been in this 
 business longer than any other merchant in the city, and ranks with the pioneers 
 in trade. In 1849 he built the store which he now occupies. No. 31 South 
 Main st. 
 
 O. Walker & Br»., carriage and wagon manufacturers, Ann Arbor, commenced 
 in business only a few years ago, and their present prosperity is an index of what 
 may be accomplished by steady perseverance and skillful workmanship . They 
 began the manufactm-e of carriages in 1868, and two years later Christian Walker 
 began the erection of their present commodious structure, where a large force of 
 skillful mechanics find constant employment. 
 
 Thomas Walker, one of the early settlers of Washtenaw county, was born in 
 Nottinghamshire, England, In 1816, son of Thomas and Mary Walker, natives of 
 the same shire. The subject of this sketch passed away many years of his in- 
 dustrious life in his native country, where he learned the butcher's trade. He 
 married Lavina Hill, and 5 children were born to them, all of whom are living. 
 In 1843 he located in Washtenaw county, and for a period of 16 years was a suc- 
 cessful farmer. Since he has resided in Ann Arbor he has owned a meat market 
 and accumulated considerable property. 
 
 William, Walker (deceased) was born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., and while a resi- 
 dent of that State, was united in marriage to Silena Taylor, a daughter 
 of Willis Taylor, of Mount Holly, New Jersey. Six children, 4 boys 
 and 3 girls, 5 of whom are living, were the result of this alliance. Their 
 names are — Marion E., George W., an extensive cigar manufacturer of 
 Detroit; Mary E., Anna E. and Warren. The latter child was born in Rensselaer 
 county, N. y., in 1843, and attained his majority in the county. He attended the 
 Union school at Ann Arbor, and subsequently graduated from Michigan University. 
 In 1862 he enlisted in Co. D, 4th Mich. Vol. Inf , and participated in the battles 
 that regiment was engaged in. In 1863 he was honorably discharged, and re- 
 turned to Michigan. In 1864 he went South and became a wheelwright in the 
 Quartermaster's department. In 1865 he attended a term of study at Bryant & 
 Stratton's Commercial College, Detroit, and in 1869 assisted in organizing the 
 Porter Zouaves, being elected 1st Lieutenant of the company. In 1876 he at- 
 tended the law department of Michigan University, graduating in 1878, and was 
 admitted to the Bar the same year. In 1869 he married Sarah McDavitt. Mr 
 
1052 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Walker is a good mechanic, and has built several fine Residences in Ann Arbor 
 and vicinity. 
 
 Edwin W. Wallace, Sheriff of Washtenaw county, was born in Livingston 
 county, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1830. The same year his parents, Daniel D. and Laura R. 
 Wallace, removed to Washtenaw county, and settled on 160 acres of land three 
 miles west of Saline, purchased from Government. Mr. Wallace was a carpenter 
 and joiner by trade, and in after years erected many of the business houses in 
 Saline village. The old "Chicago turnpike," between that city and Detroit, ran 
 by the house, and three years after his settlement Mr. Wallace built a large tavern, 
 called "Wallace's Hotel," where many a weary traveler was refreshed. He 
 also built a large barn which was used as a "station" for over 15 years, often 
 having 40 head of horses in the stable at one time. Edwin well remembers the 
 scenes and incidents of those pioneer days, when the shrill blast of the stage- 
 coach horn was heard echoing through the valley of the Saline river, followed in 
 a few moments by the arrival of the " coach and four," the bustle and hurry in 
 changing horses, the farewell blast of the horn — and away over the road to the 
 next station, and also remembers the first time he ever heard a locomotive whistle. 
 He thought it very similar to the blast of the old horn, only a little more plain and 
 distinct. He died at Saline in 1877. Mrs. Wallace is residing at Chicago. Mr. 
 Wallace, the subject of this sketch, was engaged in agricultural pursuits until 
 1860, when he purchased the stage, express and mail line that ran from Saline to 
 Ypsilanti. He continued in this business until 1872, when he was elected Deputy 
 Sheriff. In 1879 he was elected Supervisor, and in the fall of 1880 was elected 
 Sheriff. Oct. 11, 1855, Mr. Wallace was married to Rebecca Fellows, born in this 
 county Nov. 13, 1834, and daughter of Festus H. and Harriet Fellows, natives of 
 New York. Two children have been born to this union — Lida J. and Fred. F. 
 
 Edward L. Walter, Ph. B., Professor of Modern Languages and Literature in 
 the University of Michigan, was born in Hillsdale Co., Michigan, in 1840. He pre- 
 pared for college at Albion Seminary. In 1862 he enlisted in the Fourth Mich- 
 igan Infantry volunteers as a recruit. He remained until 1863 when on account of 
 illness he was discharged. In 1864 he entered Michigan University, from which 
 he graduated in 1868. He was at once appointed Assistant Professor of Greek 
 and Latin, which position he held one year. In 1869 he was made Assistant Pro- 
 fessor of Latin and retained this position until 1879. Two years of this time, 
 1871-'2, he was acting Professor during the absence of Professor Frieze. He was 
 also three years in Europe pursuing studies at Leipsic, where he received the 
 degree of Ph. B. In 1879 he was appointed to the chair which he now fills. When 
 he received this appointment he obtained leave of absence and went to Paris, 
 where he remained until Feb., 1880, pursuing studies. 
 
 Ludwig Wak, grocer and confectioner, Ann Arbor, was born in Germany in 
 1843. In 1845 his parents moved to America, and located in Ann Arbor. In this 
 latter place young Ludwig grew to manhood, learning the trade of confectioner 
 with H. Schlottbeck, and shortly after entered into business for himself. Mr. W. 
 married Aggie Pfeifle, a native of Germany, by whom he has 5 children— Sophia, 
 Louisa, Amanda, Willie and Rosa. During the spring of 1880 Mr. Walz entered 
 his present commodious quarters. 
 
 Bafus Waples, attorney at law, Ann Arbor. The subject of this sketch is the 
 son of Robert Waples, and is of the sixth generation in this country counting the 
 first English immigrant of the name who was one of the early settlers of Ijela- 
 ware. He was born in that State in 1835. Twenty-three years later, in 1849, he 
 emigrated to New Orleans, where he graduated from the law department of the 
 University of Louisiana, and was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of 
 that State in 1852. He began the practice of his profession with his brother, 
 Stephen Harris Waples, Esq., who was afterward appointed Judge of one of the 
 District Courts, and was later with Mr. Eustis (late of the United States Senate). 
 He was for several years a member of the law firm of Waples & Eustis. In 1858 
 he married the daughter of A. G. Alsworth, a planter of Texas. He continued 
 the practice of law in New Orleans till the beginning of the Rebellion, when he 
 returned to Delaware with his family, and was admitted to the Bar there and also 
 to the Philadelphia Bar. He made many speeches in his native State against 
 rebellion and slavery; then went to Washington city, where he was admitted to 
 the Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States, and remained with his family 
 at the capital till 1863. President Lincoln, upon the recommendation of loyal 
 members of the New Orleans Bar, but without application by Mr. Waples. 
 
ANN ABBOE TOWNSHIP. 1063 
 
 appointed Lim District Attorney of tlie United States for the Eastern District of 
 Louisiana. Returning to New Orleans in May, 1863, he entered at once upon the 
 duties of his office. The United States District and Circuit Courts remained in 
 session continually nearly two years, and the number of Government cases was 
 unprecedented. Mr. Waples was a member of the Louisiana Convention which 
 framed the Constitution of 1868 ; officiated two years as Attorney for the corpo- 
 ration of New Orleans, and has been the recipient of a number of honors, among 
 them the Doctorate of Laws. He remained in New Orleans practicing his pro- 
 fession, serving for some years on the City School Board and as Trustee of Straight 
 University, and Fellow of the New Orleans Academy of Sciences, etc. In 1878 
 he removed to Ann Arbor, Mich. ; and in April of the following year was 
 admitted by the Supreme Court, to the Bar of Michigan. In politics, he was a 
 Whig, and on the organization of the Republican party in Louisiana, took an 
 active part in it, and was. for a time President of its State's Central Committee. 
 He was reared a Presbyterian, and joined that Church just before his majority. 
 He helped to form a Congregational Church in New Orleans during the war, and 
 has since adhered to that denomination. His life has been fruitful of events, 
 especially during the war, but there is not room for their recital in our limited 
 space, even were his objections to their narration removed. 
 
 Edgar Warren, Ann Arbor, was born at Plattsburg, N. Y., in 1834, and is a son 
 of William Warren. He received an academic education, and in 1850 went to 
 California, where he obtained a situation as clerk on the steamer John Macklin, 
 the second steamer that ever plied between Sacramento and San Francisco. He 
 was also clerk on the Oold Hunter. la 1864 he settled in Franklin county, N. Y., 
 and during the war was a resident of Washington, D. C, where he secured employ- 
 ment as a bookkeeper. He resided for some time in Ypsilanti, where he dealt 
 extensively in horses and cattle. In 1876 he was appointed turnkey of the Wash- 
 ington counhr jail, but relinquished that position in January, 1881. 
 
 Rogwell Waterman, retired merchant and farmer, was born in Otsego county, 
 N. Y., in 1817, son of David and Zilpah (Truesdell) Waterman, natives of New 
 York. In 1835 he accompanied his parents to Detroit, and thence to Bronson, 
 Michigan, where he bought 80 acres of land from Government. In 1837 he mar- 
 ried Elsie Rose, daughter of Lester Rose, a pioneer of Michigan. From 1840 to 
 1847 he was actively engaged in mercantile pursuits. From the latter date to the 
 present time (1881) he has been a successful farmer, now owning 160 acres of 
 good land. Mr. Waterman has been a member of the Pioneer Society of Wash- 
 tenaw county since its organization, and is a consistent member of the M. E. 
 Church of Ann Arbor. Many years ago he was a Captain in the State militia. 
 
 John M. Weinmann, dealer in fresh and salt meats, Ann Arbor, was born in 
 Germany in 1836. In 1837 he emigrated to America, and a year later settled in 
 Ann Arbor. He first found employment with an elder brother, on a farm near 
 Ann Arbor, but of late years has been engaged in business in the city. He occu- 
 pies a substantial brick building on the comer of Fifth and Washington streets. 
 It is 72x34 feet, and two-stories high, and built especially for the meat trade. Mr. 
 Weinmann was married in 1863, to Dorothea Stein. They have 4 children — 
 Bertha, Lewis, Emma and Louisa. 
 
 Owen TTcJcA (deceased), of Pittsfield tp., was born at Middletown, Orange Co., 
 N. Y., in 1809. His father was a farmer and one of the old residents of that 
 vicinity. There Mr. Welch was educated and lived on his father's farm until he 
 was 21 years old, when he came to this county, locating in Pittsfield. There he 
 was a leader in the Democratic party although never holding any office. He was 
 never admitted to the Bar, but used often to practice in the early justices' courts 
 of the county. He was an earnest supporter of education and general advance- 
 ment. In 1833 he was mamed to Miss Celia Comstock, of Pittsfield, daughter of 
 Mrs. Zarviah Comstock, who in 1832 came here from New York with her chil- 
 dren. To them were born 1 son and 2 daughters. The son, Colonel Welch, of 
 the 16th Mich. Inf. Vol., was killed in the late war. Mr. Welch died Nov. 13, 
 1855. Since then Mrs. Welch has resided in this city. 
 
 W. W. Wells, proprietor Washtenaw Hotel, Broadway street. Lower Town ot 
 Ann Arbor, was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., and grew to manhood in the city of 
 Utica, where he was educated and learned the wagon-maker's trade. Many years 
 ago he settled in McHenry Co., Illinois, where for a period of four years he was 
 employed to oversee Col. Capron's extensive land interests. In 1857 he settled at 
 Ann Arbor, and subsequently purchased the hotel property which he owns at 
 
1054 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 present. He married Diana Mead, and 3 cliildren were born to them. Mr. W. 
 transacts a large and growing business in the liotel line, as he is quick to discern 
 the wants of the traveling public, who, in turn, appreciate the generous qualities 
 of a courteous landlord. 
 
 J. M. Wheeler, attorney at law, Ann Arbor, Mich., was born at Providence, 
 Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1821. His elementary education was received at his birth- 
 place and at Amsterdam Academy. In 1841 he graduated from Union College 
 at Schenectady, JST. Y. He then began the study of law, and in 1843 was admit- 
 ted to the Bar in Indiana. He located at Wabash, Ind., where for 15 years he 
 followed his profession. He then intended going East to live, but after going 
 there he decided to remain in the West permanently, and came to Ann Arbor, 
 where he has since remained. Mr. Wheeler is a member of the Washtenaw 
 county Bar, but has not practiced law since coming here. In 1873 he was 
 appointed Ti-easurer of Michigan University, which position he held until they 
 wished the treasurer to reside in the building, when he resigned the position. 
 He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and has traveled extensively, mainly 
 for the education of his children. 
 
 Eber If/tjYe (deceased) was one of the oldest and most respected citizens of this 
 county. He was one of that noble band of pioneers who startled Washtenaw 
 county out of the lethargy into which it had been resting for ages ; cleared the 
 forests, tilled the virgin soil, and started in on that high road to prosperity which 
 it enjoys at the present time. He was born at Schenectady, N. Y., in October, 
 1798. His father was a " tiller of the soil," and the subject of this sketch learned 
 that practical business, which he found to be of great advantage to him in the 
 near future. When comparatively young his parents moved to Orangeville, N. 
 Y. At this latter place Mr. W. received his educational training, and in 1823 
 was seized with what was commonly called the " Western fever." He came to 
 Michigan and stopped within the borders of " fair Washtenaw." It was properly 
 named, for a more fair and beautiful region than that which greeted the eye of 
 the lonelj' wanderer in Washtenaw county did not exist within the borders of 
 the United States. The forest was all green with luxuriant foliage ; flowers of 
 every conceivable hue and color abounded in the richest profusion ; the rivers of 
 the Huron and Saline teemed with the many colored tins of the piscatorial tribe; 
 game of all description roamed over the prairies and through the dense under- 
 brush at will. It was a paradise on earth to this westward-bound emigrant, and 
 he resolved that this beautiful country should be his home for the remainder of 
 his life. He entered the southeast quarter of sec. 30, in Ann Arbor tp., and after 
 bidding adieu to the few solitary wanderers who had then commenced their ^pio- 
 neer life here, he started back to the land of his birth, the "Empire State." He 
 was impatient to get home to tell of the wonderful elysium he had discovered in 
 these Western wilds. In .Jime, 1826, he commenced the trip to his adopted home. 
 He married Polly Rogers, who was born in Fabius, Onondaga Co., N. Y., July 
 13, 1802, and his young bride consented to cast her lot with his, and to bravely 
 face the perils and privations of a pioneer's life in the "far West." After arriv- 
 ing the first thing he did was to " roll up," as it was called, a log cabin ; this he 
 did while stopping with the family of George Allen, and in a few days the build- 
 ing was completed. It was rough in appearance, but when the husband and 
 wife stepped into the door, they felt that it was a "home," and intended that it 
 should be a home in every sense of the word to them, as also the wandering emi- 
 grant who might wish for a night's lodging, or to partake of a humble meal. This 
 cabin stood across the street from the present residence of the family. After the 
 cabin was finished he set to work to cleai off the 160 acres of land which he 
 owned, and endured man}' hardships while so doing, often making a meal of bread 
 and pork . He labored so industriously at this new work, that it was not long till 
 130 acres were cleared and ready for the seed. When he arrived at his new home 
 there were only six or eight houses to mark the spot where to-day is the seat of 
 learning for the grand State of Michigan. In 1840 he built once more, this time 
 a house of larger dimensions than the " old log cabin" in which he had spent so 
 many hours of joy and sorrow. This dwelling is to-day the "old homestead," 
 and stands on West Liberty street, in Ann Arbor. He was engaged in agricult- 
 ural pursuits the greater part of his life in this county, and in matters relating to 
 the advancement of the educational or religious interests of the community 
 always stood in the front rank. He was one of six of the first class of the Metho- 
 dist Church organized in Ann Arbor, and long before any steps were taken to- 
 
ANN ARBOR TOWNSHIP. 1055 
 
 -ward the erection of a church. In politics he was "an old-line Whig," and in 
 slavery days -was a prime mover in the underground railroad, and many a slave 
 after reaching Canada has thanked God for the help given him by Eb'er White 
 and his trustworthy friends. When the Eepublican party was organized in 1854, 
 Mr. W. was one of the flrst to enlist under its banner, and through the trying 
 scenes of the civil war, aided by voice and contribution the brave soldiers in the 
 cause in which they were so valiantly fighting. During their life in Washtenaw 
 county, Mr. and Mrs. White were blessed with the birth of 6 children, 5 of whom 
 are still living — Maria, wife of Daniel Hiscock, a prominent farmer of Ann Arbor; 
 Mrs. A Ity Steward, of Ann iVi-bor; Polly, Marv and Adelia. Clark Sullivan (de- 
 ceased) was born Oct. 1, 1832, and died Sept. 24, 1833. Mr. White filled several ' 
 official positions in the militia of this State, among which are the following : In 
 1831 was appointed Ensign by Lewis Cass ; in 1832 Lieutenant, by Gov. Geo. B. 
 Porter; in 1835, Lieut. Col. 1st Div. 2d Brig. 1st Reg., by Gov. Stevens T. Mason. 
 On July 2, 1864, the wife of his bosom, who had proved a good help-mate to him 
 along the thorny path through life, was called to " come up higher. " Aug. 19, 
 1872, the old veteran pioneer was laid to rest, to await the great and final judg- 
 ment day. He had finished his course, had made a good fight, and closed his 
 eyes, believing that in due time he should receive the reward prepared for those 
 who bear the yoke in meekness and spirit, through the rough and broken path of 
 this world below. 
 
 Mr. White's portrait appears in this work. 
 
 L. D. White, M. D., Ann Arbor, was born at Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y., 
 in 1839. His parents, .1. D. and Emily (Dean) White, were natives of Massachu- 
 setts. When L. D. was 11 years of age his parents moved to Michigan and 
 located in Pittsfield tp., this county. Here he was reared and educated. About 
 1869 he began the practices of the healing art under the clairvoyant system, and 
 eight years ago moved to Ann Arbor, where he is engaged in his profession. He 
 was married to Mary Kellogg in 1859. 
 
 Col. Orrin White (deceased) was born at Elmira, Wayne Co.,N. Y., growing to 
 manhood in Palmyi'a, where he received a liberal education. When the war of 
 1812 began, he was but a boy, but his love for the old flag was so intense that he 
 enlisted in a New York regiment, and made a good, honorable soldier. While a 
 resident of the "Empire State," he married Ann Thayer, and in May, 1823, he 
 came to Michigan, and located a tract of land in Ann Arbor tp., bringing his wife 
 and 3 children out the following year, and permanently settling on the land. 
 At that time Ann Arbor consisted of but two or three log houses, one of which 
 was used on " training days," for the State Militia, of which body Mr. White was 
 Captain, and subsequently Colonel. Mr. White was also an active participant in 
 the famous Toledo War. At the flrst Fourth of July celebration held in Wash- 
 tenaw county, Mr. W. and his family were present, having been conveyed thither 
 by an ox team. During the celebration the oxen thought their time had also 
 come to show their patriotism, and they did so by running away. The Col. and 
 his family had to walk home, on the lower Ypsilanti road, and their evening 
 walk was made pleasant by the howling of the wolves, a kind of nocturnal music 
 frequently listened to by the early pioneer of Michigan. An intimate acquaintance 
 of Col. White says of him : " He was the most strictly upright man I ever knew, 
 and his unswerving integrity and unbending honest}' marked him among men, 
 and gave him an enviable character. At different times he was raised to posi- 
 tions of honor and trust, serving in the capacity of Justice of the Peace, Super- 
 visor, Sheriff, Associate Judge, member of the Constitutional Convention, and 
 member of the Michigan Legislature. He died full of years and honors, and his 
 memory is held in grateful remembrance by the pioneers who still survive him." 
 His wite came to this county when a few scattered log houses marked the spot 
 where now stands a city teeming with life and enterprise. As a faithful wife, a 
 loving mother, and a true friend, her example may well be imitated. Too much 
 praise cannot be given to such women, for if they receive not a share of this enviable 
 meed, they will vanish out of sight, and a nondescript race will succeed them ; 
 worth nothing, and wanting in everything pure and blessed. Mr. and Mrs. White 
 were blessed with 7 children, of whom 3 — Charles T., Henry K. and Mary — were 
 born in New York. Henry grew to manhood in this county, receiving a better 
 education than usually falls to the lot of pioneer boys. In 1847 he married Mar- 
 tha P. Stone, daughter of Nathan H. Stone, an old pioneer of Jackson, Mich. 
 They have 3 children — Murray, Frank and Edward. Like his father, the years 
 
1056 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of Henry White's life have been strewn with the honors attached to an upright 
 and just existence. Mr. W. speaks of early pioneer days with keen enjoyment, 
 and his relations of incidents and anecdotes are more than ordinarily interesting. 
 He is the oldest settler now living in the county. Mr. W. has prospered with the 
 years that have come and gone, and at present is the owner of 107 acres of valua- 
 *le land, on which is erected a handsome residence. In 1840, while j'et a youth, 
 he wheeled all the stone, and burned all the lime that entered into the construc- 
 tion of the old stone homestead. 
 
 Joseph WMtlai'k, sec. 19, Ann Ai'bor. was born at Sherwood Hill, Nottingham- 
 shire, in 1829. His father was John Start Whitlark, who came to this county in 
 ■ 1836. He was a man of prominence here and was well known as " Uncle John." 
 Mr. Whitlark was educated by his father, who felt a hesitation in sending his 
 children to the district schools. When 16 years of age he was sent to New York 
 and Pennsylvania, spending one year at school in each State. When 19, he 
 went to England where he spent the next three j'ears in learning the ti'ade of 
 tailor. He then returned to this county, where he has since been engaged in' 
 farming. He has long been interested in the subject of draining and tiling; while 
 living near Whitmore Lake he started the project of lowering the lake by drain- 
 ing, for the benefit of the surrounding low lands. This was accomplished with 
 the aid of Jos. Pray and the County Drain Commissioners, by widening and deep- 
 ening the outlet, that making a ditch four feet deep and 16 feet wide. In 1880 
 he purchased the right for manufacturing endless concrete tile in this county. 
 Mr. Whitlark has held a number of otiices in his district but has no taste for poli- 
 tics. He is a member of the Unitarian Church. In 1853 he was married to Miss 
 Lucy B. Bilbie, of Ann Arbor, a native of England. She is a direct descendant of 
 Jas. Hargreaves, the inventor of the carding machine and spinning jenny now in 
 common use . To them have been born 4 sons, 2 of whom are living. Walter, con- 
 nected with his father in business, graduated from the department of pharmacy 
 in Michigan University in 1876. Mr. Whitlark has on his farm the largest peach 
 orchard in the county. In this, Judge E. Lawrence is a partner, and they have 23 
 acres, containing 3,300 trees set. 
 
 Richard 0. Willits, farmer, sec. 4, Ann Arbor tp. ; P. O., Ann Arbor ; was boni 
 in Ohio in 1824, and is a son of Richard and Margaret (Robinson) Willits. Mr. 
 W. was a manufacturer of farming implements, while a resident of the " Buckeye 
 State," and had an extensive establishment of that kind at Ontario Lake, Ontario 
 Co. He was married at Union Springs, to Eliza A. Fish, a daughter of Isaiah 
 and Catherine (Yawger) Fish. In 1867 he settled in Ann Arbor tp., where he 
 bought 120 acres of improved land, and has been quite successful as an agricult- 
 uralist. They have 2 children — Isaiah and Mary, both married and residents of 
 this township. 
 
 Eon. Jeremiah Day Williams. When Michigan Territory was yet a wilderness 
 there arrived within its borders a race of men, in color, white, and contrasting 
 strangely with the appearance of the noble red man, who then claimed this region 
 as his own. These men entered land, built log cabins, felled the mighty trees, 
 and planted crops of corn, wheat and oats in their stead. They were called " pio- 
 neers," and to this class belongs John Williams, the father of Jeremiah. He was 
 born in Orange county, N. Y., and emigrated to Washtenaw county in the spring 
 of 1828, and located in Webster tp. His wife was Lydia Hughlitt, and they were 
 the parents of 10 children, of whom Jeremiah was the seventh, and was born at 
 Sempronius, Cayuga Co., N. Y. When his father came to this county, Jeremiah 
 was in his 13th year, and he was reared on a farm, and did his full share of the 
 hard work in clearing and cultivating what now constitutes four farms. Before 
 he came to Michigan he was sent to winter schools, hut made very little progress 
 in learning the three R's, " reading, ritin', and 'rithmetic" being all the main 
 studies undertaken. Millard Fillmore was the iirst male teacher whose school 
 he attended as a pupil in New York. In 1834, a school-house was built in the 
 neighborhood wherein he lived, and subsequently he attended a select school in 
 Ann Arbor, taught by Wellington A. Q-lover, and an academy, over which Henry 
 H. Griffln and John McNeil officiated as instructors. In 1839, he was appointed 
 Postmaster of Webster tp., the commission bearing date Feb. 1, 1839, and signed 
 by Amos Kendall, Postmaster General. He officiated in this capacity for nearly 
 two years. The same year he was elected Township Treasurer, and from that time 
 until the present he has served the people almost continuously in diflferent official 
 positions. In November, 1854, he was elected Representative to the State Legis- 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1057 
 
 lature, from the flfth district of Washtenaw county, and faithfullj- looked after 
 the interests of the Washtenaw citizens during his term of olflce. " During 1841 
 and '43 he traveled through the greater portion of tlie New England and Middle 
 States, and returned home in the fall of 1842. He was a farmer of Webster tp., 
 until Maijbh, 1873, when he sold his farm and moved into Ann Arbor city. He lived 
 there until the spring of 1877, when he purchased a farm in the south part of Ann 
 Arbor tp., where he resides at present. With the exception of the year and a half he 
 spent in traveling and attending school, he worked for his father until he was 38 
 years old, at which time his earthty parent was gathered to his Father, and there 
 awaits the final day. ^Mr. Williams was united in marriage, Nov. 19, 1843, to Frances 
 B. Smith, at China, St. Clair Co., Mich. The companion of his bosom was laid 
 away in the cold and silent tomb, and May 18, 1846, he was joined in the bonds of 
 holy wedlock with Jane L. Stark, of Webster tp., Washtenaw Co., Mich. 
 
 Mr. Williams' portrait is given in this volume. 
 
 Charles T. Wilmot, farmer, was born at Paris, N. Y., in 1816. His parents, 
 Ti-acy and Rhoda Wilmot, were natives of Connecticut, but moved to New York 
 at an early day. Tracj- AVilmot bore a conspicuous part in the war of 1812, 
 being a Major the greater pai-t of the time. Charles received his early educa- 
 tion at the common schools, subsequently attending Cazenovia Seminary. His 
 early years were spent on a farm ; when 19 years old he came to Michigan and located 
 in Aim Arbor tp., on land that he had purchased at $8 per acre, and which he 
 sold previous to the war. In 1837 he married Harriet Anderson, a daughter of 
 Sheriff Anderson. Mrs. W. died in 1850, and was buried at Ann Arbor. About 
 one year- later he married Mrs. Catherine Watkins, wife of John Watkins (dec), 
 and a daughter of Benjamin North. Three children were born to them — Alta 
 E., Charles C. and Carrie J., the latter a student at Michigan University. Mr. W. 
 was a prime mover in the organization of the First National and Savings Bank, 
 of Ann Arbor. He is one of the most liberal and public-spirited citizens of 
 Washtenaw county. 
 
 Alvin Wilsey, dealer in musical instruments and goods, Ann Aj-bor, was born 
 in Pittsfield tp., this county, Nov. 17, 1843. There he received his primary edu- 
 cation and later graduated from the high school, Ann Arbor. His earlier years 
 were spent in teaching and study. About 1861 he located at Ann Arbor. He 
 taught day school and singing classes in this vicinity until 1864, when he opened 
 a music store in this city. He followed this for some years and then went on 
 the road for a time. He then returned to his old business at Ann Arbor, where 
 he has since remained. Since coming to Ann Arbor he has almost constantly 
 been teaching vocal music. For the past 17 years he has been leader of the 
 choir of the Methodist Episcopal Church of this city. Mr. Wilsey is a genial 
 gentleman and has by his kind and courteous acts won many friends. 
 
 Alexander Winchell. LL. D., Professor of Historic Geology and Paleontology 
 in the University of Michigan, author and lecturer on scientific subjects, was born 
 at North Easton, New York, December 31, 1834. He is a descendant of Robert 
 Winchell, an Englishman, who settled at Dorchester, Mass., in 1634, and removed 
 to Windsor, Ct., with the first settlers in 1635. He early manifested, under his 
 father's tuition, a great fondness for mathematics. On the sixth anniversary of his 
 birthday, he recited, without mistake, the entire multipUcation table. He was des- 
 tined for the profession of medicine, and spent two years with a great-uncle in 
 South Lee, Mass., attending the Stockbridge Academy in summer and the village 
 school in the winter. When 16 he began teaching, his patrons supposing him to 
 be a young man of 31. He, in 1843, virtually decided to devote his life to teaching, 
 and feeling that a more extensive course of study was necessary, he made up his 
 mind to secure a thorough education. Rev. Davis W. Clark," then Principal of 
 Amenia Seminary (afterward Biahop) urged him to enter the seminary, which he 
 did in September, 1843. 
 
 In the spring of 1844 he was designated teacher of the classes in algebra in that 
 institution. Previously he had been assistant teacher in the English department. 
 In 1844 he matriculated at Wesleyan University as a sophomore, and graduated in 
 1847. In 1850 he accepted a position as principal of an academy at Newbern, Ala- 
 bama. In 1851 he was induced to take control of the " Mesopotamia Female Semi- 
 nary" at Eutaw, Ala., where he remained until 1853. During this time he made 
 many valuable researches in geology in that vicinity, and transmitted a large 
 collection of plants and alcoholic specimens to the Smithsonian Institute. Among 
 these was a new species of fish, which was afterward described by Girard as Hy- 
 
1058 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTTNTr. 
 
 iopais Winchelli, thus showing the appreciation of his work in naming it after its 
 discoverer. In 1853 he was elected President of the Masonic University at Selma, 
 Ala. Yellow fever compelled the closing of the institution. In November of 185$ 
 he received a letter from President Tappan announcing his election 
 to the chair of " Physics and Civil Engineering"in the University of 
 Michigan. This position he accepted and in December following started 
 for the North. He entered upon the duties of his position Jan. 24, 1854. 
 In 1855 he was transferred to the chair of geology, zoology and botany. In 185* 
 a geological survey of Michigan was ordered by the Legislature, and Prof. Win- 
 chell was commissioned by Governor Wisner as Director of the survey, which 
 position he held until the work was completed. This work was of vast impor- 
 tance to the State, showing as it did the various formations, the mineral lands and 
 the locations of the salt-producing sections. In August, 1872, he was elected 
 Chancellor of Syracuse University. By many promises held out of an increased 
 field for operations in science, a higher salary and other things, he was induced 
 to accept the position. In January, 1873, he entered upon the duties of his posi* 
 tion as Chancellor. He soon found that the financial affairs of the University 
 were not in the condition he had been led to suppose them, but he worked on to 
 increase its popularity and power. Work was also given him to do which it was 
 expressly understood when he accepted the position was to be done by others, and 
 in June, 1874, he resigned his position. In July he was elected Professor of 
 Zoology, Geology and Botany in the same institution, and with great magnanimity 
 accepted it. He remained there until 1878, endeavoring to build up this depart- 
 ment. During this time he had also filled short engagements in other noteiJ 
 institutions of learning, and had delivered many scientific lectures. He then 
 devoted himself to literary work and lecturing, with very marked success. Oa 
 the 25th of June, 1879, the Regents of the University of Michigan unanimously 
 elected him to the chair of Geology and Paleontology in the University. As a 
 lecturer Professor Winchell has won renown. His lectures are chiefly of a scien- 
 tific nature. He has sought in them to popularize science, and has been eminently 
 successful. His researches have extended over a wide range, and he has brought 
 to light a number of new species in various departments, several of which have 
 been named after him, in honor of their discoverer. His ability has been recog- 
 nized in the old and new world, and he has been made a member of societies in 
 both hemispheres. As a teacher he has achieved remarkable success, and many 
 offers have been made to him to teach in different institutions of learning. His 
 works on scientific subjects have been very numerous and full. A firm believer ia 
 the existence of man before the time of Adam, according to the old chronology, 
 he has always worked to harmonize science and the Bible. He was married Dec. 
 5, 1849, to Miss Julia P. Lines, of Utica, N. Y. To them have been born 1 son 
 and 5 daughters ; of these, but 2 daughters are living. For a more extended notice 
 of his writings, see the chapter on Authors and Artists in this work. 
 
 Phillip Winegar, of Ann Arbor, was born at Union Springs, Cayuga Co., N. Y., 
 in 1837, his father was Ashabel and his mother Elizabeth (Carr) Winegar, natives 
 of New York. Phillip grew to manhood in Cayuga county where he also received 
 his preliminary education. He spent some time also at Carey Collegiate Seminary,, 
 in Genesee county, and at Auburn Academy. His father was a farmer and a 
 woolen manufacturer, and young Phillip kept his books. From Cayuga county 
 Phillip went to Ontario county, where in 1850 he married Miss Elizabeth A. 
 Bentley, a daughter of Thomas Bentley. To them has been born 1 son Frank- 
 lin E. " In 1854 Mr. Winegar came to Michigan and settled in Northfield tp. 
 where he remained until 1863, engaged in farming and teaching school. Durl 
 ing three years of this time he was Supervisor. In 1860 he was a candidate for 
 State Senator, and though he was far alaead of his ticket, he was defeated by a. 
 small majority. In 1862 he was elected Sheriff, and in 1864 was re-elected tO' 
 that office. In 1867 was elected Supervisor, and in 1880 Justice of the Peace for 
 Ann Arbor. He has also done work in connection with the offices of Retrister 
 and County Clerk. While a resident of 'Northfield tp. he was appointed Post- 
 master of Gravel Run, by President Buchanan. 
 
 Daniel Wines, contractor and builder, Ann Arbor, was born in Connecticut in 
 January, 1812. His father, Daniel B. Wines, was a native of New York, and his; 
 mother a native of Windham county, Conn. They settled in this county in 1837 
 where they both passed the remainder of their lives. Daniel passed his early 
 life in this countj"-, necessarily witnessing many important changes that transpired 
 
zyL ^^*/Cl^it^n£^ 
 
ANN AEBOE TOWNSHIP. 1061 
 
 in Southern Michigan, and during his youth frequently wallted to Detroit. He 
 was married in Long Island to Anna Maria Baker, a daughter of Ahraham Baker, 
 a resident of South Hampton, Long Island. Two sons— Charles A. and Abraham, 
 of Ypsilanti, were born to this marriage. Mrs. Wines died in 1850, and during 
 the latter part of the same year he married Mrs.Phoebe Douglas. Two children 
 were sent to bless this union — Levi D., a teacher in the Ann Ai'bor high school, 
 and graduate of Michigan University, and Anna. Mr. Wines has erected many 
 of the best business houses and private residences in Ann Arbor. 
 
 A^istin A. Wood, retired farmer, is a native of Danbury, Ct.,where he was born in 
 1828. He came with his parents to this county in 1836, and in 1848 was married 
 at Port Huron, Mich., to Mary J. Glover, of Lodi tp., Washtenaw Co. 
 Of this marriage there are no surviving children. Mrs. Wood died in 
 1849, and in 1854 he was united in marriage to Hannah Mitchell, of Mau- 
 mee, Ohio, who died the same year. On Nov. 28, 1855, he married Sarah M. 
 Phelps, of Saline tp., this county. Mr. Wood is a Deacon, and also Treasurer of 
 the Congregational Church of Ann Arbor, and while a resident of Lodi tp. was 
 leader of a choir in the church of that denomination. 
 
 Darius Wood, retired farmer, Ann Arbor, was bom in Connecticut in 1807, and 
 is a son of Abijah and Submit (Camp) Wood. Darius grew to manhood in his na- 
 tive State, and in 1828 married Nancy J. Jones. They have 4 children — Saman- 
 tha L., Melvina D., Lyman B. and Fanny. In 1839 Mr. Wood moved to Seneca 
 Co., N. Y., where he taught school a number of years ; thence to Yates Co., N. Y., 
 and from the latter place to Michigan, in 1834. He located nine miles south of 
 Ann Arbor, where a farm of 80 acres was purchased. He cultivated the land dur- 
 ing the summer months, and in the winter was engaged in teaching school. Many 
 years ago Mrs. Wood was laid at rest in Washtenaw county, and in 1868 Mr. Wood 
 married Mrs. Deborah L. Maynard, relict of William S. Maynard, formerly Mayor 
 of Ann Arbor, and President of Washtenaw county bank. He settled in this 
 county in 1838, and bore a prominent part in the early history of Ann Arbor vil- 
 lage. In 1867 Mr. Wood settled at Ann Arbor where he resides at present in very 
 comfortable circumstances. 
 
 George S. Wood, retired farmer, was born in Danbmy, Conn., in 1825. His 
 parents, Ira and Maria Wood, settled in Lodi tp., Washtenaw county, at an early 
 day, purchasing 40 acres of land from Government, where the former died in 
 1855 ; the latter is still surviving. In his youth and early stage of manhood George 
 S. displayed unusual ability as an agriculturist, and was especially success- 
 ful in sheep-raising, taking numerous prizes on his specimens at the county and 
 State fairs. Oct. 17, 1849, Mr. Wood married Phidelia Beach, a native of New 
 York, and daughter of William G. Beach, a native of New Jersey, who settled in 
 this county in 1843. They have 4 children — Arthur A., William J., Georgie M, 
 and Eda B. Ida is deceased. 
 
 P. B. Woodruff, contractor and builder, was born in Seneca county, N. Y., in 
 1818, and is a son of Benjamin Woodruff. Mr. W. remained a resident of the 
 " Empire State," receiving a liberal education, until his 17th year, when he came 
 West to Ohio, and in 1836 settled near what was then familiarly termed " Car- 
 penter's Corners," in Washtenaw county. In 1847 he married Phoebe Wood- 
 ruff, and 3 children were given to them, 2 of whom are living. Mr. Woodruff 
 has officiated as an Alderman, also as city Treasurer of Ann Arbor city. In his 
 building capacity, he has done much toward increasimg the value of property by 
 the erection of many costly and handsome business blocks and fine residences. 
 
 Isaac Wyncup, fai-mer, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 Oeorge Zeebe, farmer, Northfield tp., sec. 35; P. O., Ann Arbor ; was born in 
 Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1835, where he was also educated. In 1858 he came 
 to America and settled in Ann Arbor, where he lived until 1870. In'that year he 
 moved to Northfield tp., where he now lives. In 1858 he was married to Mrs. 
 Katherine Souder. To them have been born 4 sons and 4 daughters, of whom 
 1 daughter has died. Mr. Zeebe is a member of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 62 
 
SUPERIOB TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The township of Superior is particularly an agricultural district, 
 — one-half of oak openings, unsurpassed in the fertility of its soil 
 or the advantages of its water-courses; but Fleming's creek and 
 Huron river are the only streams that can be utilized for milling. 
 Ten sections are without any water-course. Frain's, or Hour-Glass 
 lake is on section 9, and is the only important body of water in the 
 township. The Eiver Huron enters the township on section 31, 
 flows north into section 30, again south through section 31, where 
 it forms two small islands, and enters Ypsilanti at the northeast 
 corner of section 6 of that township. Fleming's creek waters the 
 west portion of Superior. The M. C. R. K. crosses the river at 
 three points in this aeighborhood. 
 
 Beech and maple forests yet remain in this township. " Supe- 
 rior" is stamped upon its lands, and is said to extend itself to the 
 people and their homes. 
 
 AGRICULTtlEAL KESOUBCES. 
 
 The area of Superior township is 21,774 acres, of which 14,7^6 
 acres are improved and 7,048 unimproved lands. The land is in 
 possession of 222 occupiers. The area sown under wheat in 1879 
 was 2,708 acres; that planted in 1880 was 3,094 acres. In the for- 
 mer year the product averaged 1,841 bushels per acre, or a total of 
 49,850. The corn-fields, extending over 1,382 acres in 1879, pro- 
 duced 55,260 bushels; 862 acres under oats gave a yield of 35,100 
 bushels; 431 acres under clover gave 631 bushels of seed; 291 
 acres under barley produced 7,940 bushels; 93 acres under pota- 
 toes yielded 9,608 bushels; and the meadow lands, comprised in 
 2,214 acres, produced 2,453 tons of hay. It will be understood, 
 that this estimate is only an approximate, yet based upon oflicial 
 reports and collected by township officers. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF SUPEEIOE. 
 
 In the history of Ypsilanti it will be shown that the district 
 now known as Superior formed a portion of that township. On 
 June 30, 1828, the Legislative Council enacted : "That from and after 
 the passage of this act, all that part of the township of Ypsilanti 
 Iving north, including township numbered 1 and 2 south, range 
 number 7 east, in the county of Washtenaw, be, and the same is, 
 hereby set off as a township, by the name of Panama, and that the 
 first township meeting be held at the house of John McCormick; 
 
 (1062) 
 
SUPEEIOft TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1063 
 
 provided, that nothing in this act shall affect the assessment or 
 collection of taxes heretofore assessed in the township of Ypsilanti." 
 This new division comprised the present townships of Salem and 
 Superior. In 1831, under authority given by act of the Legislative 
 Council, the people of the southern part of Panama organized the 
 township of Superior. Henry Kimmel gave it its present name. 
 
 PATENTEES OF TOWNSHIP LANDS. 
 
 The subsequent list of early pu 
 township naust necessarily prove 
 is given : 
 
 Section 1. 
 
 Parrand, John S . , eh ne qr. 
 Hamilton, Thomas Jr., w h ne qr. 
 Murray, Archibald G., e h se qr. 
 Reeve, P. H., w h se qr. 
 Morris, Walter, nw qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 Patterson, Jacob, e h ne qr. 
 Chase, Alanson, w h ne qr. 
 Charmard, Betsey, e h se qr. 
 Root, Augustus, w h se qr. 
 McCormick, Abraham, w h nw qr. 
 Page, Rufus, e h sw qr. 
 Payne, Samuel, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 Pray, Esek, e h ne qr. 
 
 Pray, Esek, w h se qr. 
 
 Wheelock, Silas, sw qr and w h nw qr. 
 
 Section 4. 
 Hammond, Dennis, e h ne qr. 
 Green, O., nw qr of ne qr. 
 Bedell, G. C, sw qr of ne qr. 
 Wheelock, Robert, seqr. 
 Douglass, Aaron, w h. 
 
 Section 5. 
 Wyckoff, Joseph, n h. 
 Dowdel, John, e h se qr. 
 Cowan, Peter, w h se qr. 
 Doyle, John, e h sw qr. 
 Porter, Augustus S., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 6. 
 Hull, Samuel T., e h ne qr. 
 Thomas, Daniel, w h ne qr and e h nw 
 
 Shores, Jonathan, e h se qr. 
 Vorhees, George, w h se qr. 
 Hurens, Champlain, w h nw qr. 
 Shaughniss, John, e h sw qr. 
 Howe, Joseph, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 7. 
 Herrand, Alexander, e h ne qr. 
 Wells, William, w h ne qr. 
 
 rchasers of the lands in Superior 
 of interest, and for that reason 
 
 Thomas, Isaac, se qr and e h sw qr. 
 Shaughniss, John, nw qr. 
 Dix, John, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 8. 
 
 Douglass, Aaron, ne qr. 
 Williams, Joel, e h se qr. 
 McCormick Abraham, w h se qr. 
 Pray, Esek, e h nw qr and sw qr. 
 
 Section 9. 
 Phelps, Justin, e h ne qr. 
 Hawkins, Olney, w h ne qr. 
 Durfees, Edward, e h se qr. 
 Perkins, Almon, w h se qr. 
 Hix, Berden, e h nw qr. 
 McCormick, G. W., w h nw qr. 
 Pray, Esek, e h sw qr. 
 Williams, Joel, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 10. 
 Witherell, James, e h ne qr. 
 Phelps, Justin, wh ne qr. 
 Bentley, John, e h se qr. 
 Jayne, William, w hse qr. 
 Delano, Ephraim B., e h nw qr. 
 Phelps, Gaylord, w h nw qr. 
 Curtis, Moses S., eh sw qr. 
 Payne, Arnold, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 11. 
 Driscoll, Joshua G., n h. 
 Beers, Harvey, e h se qr. 
 Parkhurst, Abel P., w h se qr. 
 Schofleld, Orin, eh sw qr. 
 Rolens, Moses, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 12. 
 Murray, Archibald G., e h ne qr. 
 Sarava, Jacob, w h ne qr. 
 Rice, Ira, e h se qr. 
 Woodin, Pelis, w h se qr. 
 Bouck, Adam, e h nw qr. 
 Tafft, Job W., w h nw qr. 
 Brewer, John, sw qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 Rice, Ira, e h ne qr. 
 Wilcox, Theron, w h ne qr. 
 
1064 
 
 UI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Newell, Nathan, se qr. 
 Eobinson, Hiram, nw qr. 
 Stacey, Ebenezer, sw qr. 
 
 Section 14. 
 
 Tookes, Hiram H., ne qr. 
 
 Bartell, John, e h se qr. 
 
 Barr, Kobert, w h se qr. 
 
 Root, Roswell, e h nw qr. 
 
 Whitney, C. K. , nw qr of nw qr and sw 
 
 qr of nw qr. 
 Kimball, Henry, e h sw qr. 
 Cole, Peter, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 15. 
 
 Gale, Roger, n h and e h sw qr and w h 
 
 se qr. 
 Cole, Peter, e h se qr. 
 Barren, Zolad, wh sw qr. 
 
 Section 17. 
 
 ■William, Joel, e h nw qr. 
 McCormick, George, w h ne qr. 
 Pierce, Orsamus, e h se qr. 
 Olas, Hezekiah, w h se qr. 
 Berrue, Joseph, nw qr. 
 Cook, Bennett, sw qr. 
 
 Section 18. 
 
 Dix, John, n h and w h se qr and e h sw 
 
 qr. 
 Mnllweland, Janfts and John, e h se qr. 
 Cummings, Nathaniel, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 19. 
 
 Rogers, Edward L., e h ne qr. 
 King, Jacob W., w h ne qr. 
 Rogers, Edward L., e h se qr. 
 Forsyth, James S., w h se qr. 
 Osgood, Leonard W., nw qr. 
 Pettybone, Tolman, e h sw qr. 
 Fall, William T., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 Jennings, B., ne qr of ne qr. 
 
 Pettybone, 6., se qr of ne qr. 
 
 Crippen, Ichabod, w h ne qr and e h nw 
 
 qr. 
 Rogers, Edward'L., s h. 
 Graham, W., nw qr of nw qr. 
 MuUweland, J., sw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Section 21. 
 
 Camp, Ira, e h ne qr. 
 
 Bowen, Ann, w h ne qr and e h nw qr. 
 
 Lane, Marcus, e h se qr. 
 
 Dyer, Daniel, w h se qr. 
 
 Simpson, Gage, w h nw qr. 
 
 Swarthout, Anthony R., e h sw qr. 
 
 Richards, Daniel, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 32. 
 Kimmel, H., e h ne qr and w h ne qr. 
 Kimmel, Henry, e h se qr and w h se qr. 
 
 Cole, Peter, e h nw qr. 
 Bowen, Z., w h nw qr.' 
 Karr, Alexander R., e h sw qr. 
 Murray, James B., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 23. 
 
 Kimmel, Henry, e h ne qr and w h ne qr. 
 Kellogg, C H., e h se qr. 
 Kimmel, H., sw qr and w h nw qr and e 
 h nw qr. 
 
 Section 24. 
 
 Speer, Moor, n h and w h se qr. 
 Seeley, G., e h se qr. 
 Curtis, John, sw qr. 
 
 Section 35. 
 
 Benedict, James, ne qr. 
 Sweetling, Almond, e h se qr. 
 Kimmel, H., w h se qr. 
 Smith, John M., nw qr. 
 Otis, David G., e h sw qr. 
 Mead, Ezra, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 
 Ferguson, R., e h ne qr. 
 
 Kimmel, Henry, e h nw qr and w h n& 
 
 qr. 
 Mead, Ezra, se qr. 
 Garrison, J,, w h nw qr. 
 Lines, Abagail, e h sw qr. 
 Warsey, H., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 37. 
 Henshaw, Willard, ne qr. 
 Moss, Job, e h se qr. 
 Amisyls, Samuel S., w h se qr. 
 Moore, Avel, e h nw qr. 
 Holden, S. C. and R., w h nw qr. 
 Camp, E., e h sw qr. 
 Lakes, George, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 28. 
 Eddy, William, e h ne qr. 
 Heustes, Jonathan, w h ne qr and nw qr. 
 Hayes, John G., e h se qr.. 
 Cass, A., w h se qr. 
 Camp, Ira, e h .sw qr. 
 Swarthout, A. R., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 39. 
 Heustes, Jonathan, ne qr. 
 Levick, Andrew, nw qr. 
 Swarthout, Anthony R.,se qr and eh sw 
 
 qr. 
 Hiscock, D., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 Hiscock, W., e h ne qr. 
 Moore, David, w h ne qr. 
 Lyon, Enniss, e frac h se qr. 
 Dexter, 8- W., frac pt of se qr. 
 Dissett, A., e h nw qr. 
 Sackrider, Joseph, w frac h se qr and e 
 frac h sw qr. 
 
StTPEEIOE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1065 
 
 Haynes, J. G., w h n qr. 
 Witherell, J., e h sw qr. 
 Phillips, J., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section S4. 
 
 Sines, Rachel, w h ne qr. 
 
 Eddy, William, e h ne qr and e h nw qr, 
 
 Morton, Thomas, e h se qr. 
 
 Morton, J. G., w hse qr. 
 
 Sines, Isaac, w h nw qr. 
 
 Moss, Joseph, e h sw qr. 
 
 Avery, A., whsw qr. 
 
 Skotion 35. 
 
 Sanford, John, ne qr. 
 Thompson & Merrill, e h se qr. 
 Merril & Pratt, w h se qr. 
 Eddy, J. H., e h nw qr. 
 Karr, James, w h nw qr. 
 Merrill, Ira and H. W., e h sw qr. 
 Hastings, E. H., w h sw qr. 
 
 Bbotion 36. 
 
 Goodell, J., e h ne qr. 
 Fowler, Joseph, w h ne qr. 
 Fowler, David, se qr and e h sw qr. 
 Pine, Benjamin, nw qr. 
 Swarthout, A. A., w h sw qr. 
 
 Eush, Ge»rge, w h nw qr. 
 Pullen, James, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Burlingame, H., e frac pt of ne qr and 
 
 e frac pt of se qr. 
 ■Christie, Hugh, frac pt ne qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Eeming, R., nw frac qr of nw qr. 
 Dickerson, John, s frac h ne qr and w 
 
 frac h se qr. 
 Geddes, Robert, w frac h. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Kercheval, frac pt of sw frac qr. 
 Phillips, John, se qr and e h nw qr. 
 Hiscock, James, e h se qr. 
 Dessett, Ira, w li se qr. 
 Baker, Elias, w h nw qr. 
 Bm'lingame, Henry, e Irac h sw qr and 
 w frac h sw qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Sines, P., e h ne qr. 
 Brown, I., w h ne qr. 
 Baker, Elias, e h se qr. 
 Champlain, S., jr., w h se qr. 
 Case, A., e h nw qr. 
 
 In review of this list the following quotations from John Geddes' 
 paper on the subject will be found comparatively accurate: 
 
 The first purchaser in Superior township was Robert Fleming, who bought the 
 nw part of nwfrac qrof sec 31, Sept. 29, 1823, 44.75 acres. The next was Abraham 
 Avery, May 14, 1824, who bought the w h of sw qr of sec 34. John Brown bought. 
 May 17, 1824, the w h of ne qr of sec 33. Phillip Sines bought the e h of ne qr 
 sec 33, May 19, 1824. Isaac Sines bought the w h of nw qr of sec 34, May 19. John 
 Dix bought the n h of sec 18, and the e h of sw qr and the w h of se qr sec 18, May 
 20. James Pullen bought the w h of the sw qr of sec 30, 70.44 acres, June 17. 
 George Sarles bought the w h of sw qr sec 27, May 19. Eden Camp bought, June 
 16, the e h of sw qr sec. Jos. Sackrider bought the wh of the sw qr and the eh of 
 the se qr of sec 30, 127.35 acres, June 27. Sam. W. Dexter bought that part of sec 
 _ 30 8 of the river, Sept. 7, 24.95 acres. Isaac Thomas, Sept. 27, bought the se qr and 
 the e h of the sw qr of sec 7. John Dix bought the w h of the sw qr of sec 7, Sept. 
 38, 56.60 acres. Lawrence L. Arneigh bought the w h of se qr of sec 27, Oct. 1. 
 Joel Wellman bought the e h of ne qr sec 17, and the e h ne qr of sec 8, and the 
 w h of the sw qr of sec 9, Oct. 6. Hugh Christie bought the ne part of sec 31, 
 67.25 acres, Sept. 29. John Phillips bought, Sept. 16, the e h of the nw qr sec 32, and 
 Oct. 4, the ne qr of sec 32. The above are all the lands bought in 1824 in the town- 
 ship of Superior. 
 
 Robert Geddes bought the sw qr and the se part of nw frac qr of sec 31, May 19, 
 1825, 233.06 acres, Henry Kimmell made his first purchase July 28, 1825, of the w 
 h of se qr of sec 32. He bought the e h of sec 22 and all of sec 23, but e h of the 
 se qr. He bought one lot on 14, two lots on 26, and one lot on 25 — 15 lots in all. 
 John Brewer bought the sw qr of sec 13, April 3, 1826. Joseph WickofE bought. 
 May 38, 1837, the n h sec 5, 380.40 acres. Esek Pray bought the sw qr of 
 sec 8, July 3, 1825. Sold it to John McCormick, and then bought, Nov. 24, 
 1825, the e h of the ne qr and the e h of the se qr of sec 3. He afterward bought 
 the w h of the se qr and the e h of the nw qr of sec 3. Ichabod Crippen bought the 
 e h of the nw qr and w h of the ne qr, June 27, 1831. David Moore bought the w 
 h of the ne qr of sec 30, May 18, 1830. 
 
1066 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Ichabod Crippen is the only person in the township that is now living on the land 
 bought from the United States. Esek Pray bought, July 28, 1835, the e h of the 
 nw qr of sec 8 and June 23, 1825, the e h of the sw qr of sec 9. There were 167 
 first purchasers in the township. The last piece of United States land sold was the 
 B h of the w h of the sw qr of sec 14, to Curtis R. Whitney, Sept. 3, 1817. The next 
 last piece was the sw corner of the sw frac qr of sec 33, .78 of an acre, B. Kerch- 
 eval, Nov. 22, 1836. Gr. C. Bedell bought the sw qr of the se qr of sec 4, March 23, 
 1836. Eldridge Gee built the first house on the e h of the ne qr of sec 33 in Feb- 
 ruary and March, 1823. He says he moved there Feb .16, 1833 . There were then 
 no white persons residing in the county of Washtenaw. John Dix built next in 
 May and June, 1831. Dix built the first frame bam in Superior township and prob 
 ably the first in the county. It was raised in July, 1825. I was at the raising. Dix 
 built a saw-mill in 1826, and a grist-mill some time after, all on sec 18. John Dix 
 was from Boston, was said to be a ship captain and was shipwrecked at sea, and it 
 was plain to see he would fail in Washtenaw. He was the most unpopular man in 
 the county. It'may be asked why. There were probably several causes. One was, 
 he was reared in Boston. Such appears to be the tendency.of things, where people 
 congregate in large bodies they become unfriendly and unsociable, whereas in new 
 countries, as Washtenaw then was, the inhabitants are extra friendly. John Dix 
 left for Texas in the fall of 1833, and died there a few years ago. He was the 
 proprietor of the village of Dixboro. Henry Kimmell was from Somerset county,Pa., 
 from there to the mouth of the Illinois river, and from there to Washtenaw in the 
 summer of 1835. He preferred timber land. He left Illinois because of its un- 
 healthfulness. Henry Kimmell died in August, 1868, aged 83 years. 
 
 Hiram H. Tooker removed from Auburn, Cayuga county, !N^. Y., 
 to that part of Superior known as the Free Church neigborhood> 
 in June of 1826. This settlement had been opened the September 
 previous by Col. John Brewer and brother, and Hiram Robison, 
 also from Cayuga county; but it was not until July of 1826 that 
 they found the land ofBce open and ready to sell and convey to 
 them their selected lands. The name of John Q. Adams, as Pres- 
 ident of the United States, appears on the parchment titles of con- 
 veyance. 
 
 In this early summer a number of names were added to the list 
 of settlers, — John Brewer, Hiram Robison H. H. Tooker, Ebenezer 
 Stacy, John Bramble, John Newell, Moor Spears and Robert Barr. 
 Two and one half miles south of this opening settlement, the 
 name of Henry Tvimmel was a kind watchword, to these brave 
 men and their wives. Mr. K. had been over all that land in 1824, 
 and on account of the unhealthfulness of Indiana, concluded to 
 move his family and effects to Michigan in July of 1825. He 
 owned both landed and mill property in Kaskaskia, Ind., and in 
 selling oiit there, on account of scarcity of money, took large pay- 
 ments in stock. It formed a scene worthy of an artist's sketch to 
 view the caravan as it moved on, and into that wilderness country. 
 First was the primitive ox-cart, the fellies of which were eight 
 inches wide, without tire, made so as not to sink into ruts and mud- 
 holes, drawn by four yoke of oxen, the cart principally filled with 
 ox-yokes, and feed for the horses in the rear. Behind the cart were 
 several yoke of oxen, driven by the swimmers, who had been en- 
 gaged by Mr. K. to ford the streams, into which, when arrived at, 
 they would plunge, taking a small rope between their teeth. They 
 would soon reach the opposite bank and select a landing place, aud 
 then return and make preparations for crossing. Next in the pro- 
 
SUPEEIOE TOWNSHIP. 1067 
 
 cession was a heavy four-horse team, drawing a large wagon, with 
 tent and other fixtures for living and cooking purposes. Conspic- 
 uously remembered was the barrel churn, in which milk was made 
 into butter on the road. Next came a lighter wagon, drawn by 
 one span of horses, carr^'ing the family, together with trunks and 
 cooked provisions. One other wagon followed them, which the 
 men employed as drivers of cattle called their resting place. Then fol- 
 lowed closely behind 100 head of cattle, always having more or less 
 numbers of young deer with them, captured by the agile men 
 called drovers, who had the cattle in charge. They were 39 days 
 on the road, not entering a house for living purposes during the 
 long journey. 
 
 Mr. Kimmel purchased a one-half section of land, and the first 
 year erected a large ashery and pearl-ash refinery, which, together 
 with clearing up the land in a rapid manner, employed 30 
 men constantly. You can easily imagine what a blessing such an 
 entering in as that proved to the near settlement in which I was 
 born. Soon every settler had a cow, and in the autumn of 1826 a 
 payment became due Mr. K. in Indiana of 300 hogs, which were 
 driven in and butchered, and sold principally to the settlers. George 
 McKim, known to many people of Washtenaw as a worthy, 
 euergetic pioneer of those primitive days, made all the barrels to 
 pack the pork in, and also those used in the ashery. In the short 
 space of tour years the one-half section purchased by Mr. K. was all 
 cleared up and paid for, by the ashery, it being the rule to put up 
 one ton of saleratus every ten days. That was taken to Detroit, 
 passing down the Territorial road, and brought Mr. K. $120 per 
 ton. 
 
 The wife of this settler, Mrs. Sovengire Kimmel, was one of the 
 most useful women of pioneer times. She extracted teeth, bled the 
 sick, fed and ministered to a family and household of 40 persons 
 for years, besides being a tender, kind-hearted neighbor. She had 
 a tall, commanding figure, with gentle blue eyes, and clear, pink 
 and white complexion, everywhere commanding attention and re- 
 spect. She died about 10 years ago, surviving her husband a few 
 years, at the advanced age of 82 years, and she sleeps in the ceme- 
 tery at the Free Church, surrounded by her children and neighbors 
 whom she so loved. 
 
 When H. Tooker arrived in 1826, only about two acres had been 
 cleared oflT. Col. Brewer, with his brother Abram, had come in late 
 the September previous, accompanied by H. Eobison. They came 
 without their families, and the sickness and death of Abram drew 
 largely upon their time and strength, so that they accomplished 
 but little beyond getting small tenements ready for spring. The 
 next death that occurred was that of Eben Stacy, father of Mrs. 
 Charles Collins, of Ypsilanti, who, with his young wife, Charlotte 
 Sutherland, of Newton, Chittenden county, Vermont, arrived also 
 in June of 1826. Mr. Stacy, having been bred a farmer, was held in 
 very high esteem by the other men of the colony, who, witiiont ex- 
 
1068 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ception, had been bred to trades. He died in February, 1827; John 
 Bramble's wife died in April following. Thus death so early was 
 writing sadness and though tfulness upon the brows of those brave 
 men and women. 
 
 Mrs . Stacy and Mr.Branible were married the following year-their 
 lands joining. In one and a half short years afterward, Mr. Tooker 
 having been back East, upon his return found his house shut, and 
 noticing that a gi'eat stillness rested upon the little neighborhood, 
 which usually resounded with the woodman's ax, went on further 
 south, and met a funeral procession, a litter borne by six men; on 
 it lay Mr. Bramble, being carried to his last home! Mrs. Tooker 
 was walking with the already twice-widowed woman, next the bier, 
 there being as yet no horses owned in the little settlement. Can 
 you shut out the present, and go back to that scene? The distance 
 was nearly a mile by a woody pathway — the newly opened grave in 
 a dense forest! All told, there were 12 or 15 neighbors in the little 
 procession. Do you wonder that when the Methodist circuit-rider 
 called upon that little colony, he found hearts open for his lessons 
 of an inheritance beyond, where death never enters nor any weep- 
 ing? Twice in thatshortyear death visited them. In an instant J. 
 Newell was killed by a falling tree. One almost wonders how they 
 gathered courage to go on. The story of their sorrows, privations 
 and hardships has told the finale. There now remains but one liv- 
 ing of those first pioneers of that portion of Superior. The thrice- 
 widowed woman, whose sorrows you have before looked upon, Mrs. 
 George McTim, yet lives upon the land purchased from theGrovern- 
 raent in 1826. She is upward of 84 years of age, with mind clear, 
 memory active, heart alive to the experiences of those first eventful 
 years. I spent a few hours with her a short time since, glad in- 
 deed to sit at her feet and listen to her story. 
 
 A school-house was erected in 1827; Pamelia Pattison, the first 
 teacher; wages paid her, $1.00 per week. She being married to 
 David Frost, the next year her sister Delight taught the school. 
 The family removed to Nankin, Wayne county, in a few years, but 
 they deserve more than a passing mention here. Long were their 
 loving ministrations remembered by those who had suffered "in 
 mind, body or estate." The town of Panama, as it was then called, 
 began in 1828-'9 to be settled in almost every available spot. 
 Captain Dix and John McCormick, father of C. McCormick, of 
 Ypsilanti, were already settled at Dixboro. Esek Pray was on 
 the Plymouth road, about as far north of us as H. Kimmel was 
 south, and was a leading, energetic, kind man. He was Justice of 
 the Peace and kept a country tavern for many years. Law suits 
 were held at his house, also public meetings of the Town Board. 
 Distance did not separate friends and acquaintances in those times. 
 The Tafts, of Plymouth, who settled there in 1825, greatly aided 
 the settlers of Panama, coming to their " raisings " and often 
 making selections of land, and helping pioneers to reach it. Death 
 
SUPERIOE TOWNSHIP. 1069 
 
 was also there; Mrs. James Taft died in 1827, and in a few short 
 years James and Job Taft had passed away. 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Tooker, formerly Mary Taft, arrived with her hus- 
 band in Michigan, and settled in Superior, June, 1826. This lady 
 acted well her part in the early history of the township. 
 
 Eldridge Gee visited in Washtenaw in June, 1823, in company 
 with his father-in-law, Epa Mattison, Joseph Young and Giles 
 Downer. This party left Mrs. Downer's house, on the Rouge river, 
 and reached Godfrey's trading post. Following the river trail, 
 they arrived at the mouth of Mill creek, thence to the location of 
 the present city of Ann Arbor, and from that point to the district 
 now known as Saline, finally returning to Mrs. Downer's. At that 
 period there were no white people living in the county. During 
 this visit Mr. Gee erected a shanty, constructed of boards which he 
 brought with him, and six weeks later built a log house on the 
 northeast quarter of section 33, in the present township of Superior. 
 Mr. Gee stated that he dwelt there for 15 or 16 months, when he 
 was evicted by William Sines, who purchased the location from the 
 United States, he having neglected to enter it at the United States 
 land office. He then removed to Woodruff's Grove, where he 
 remained until June, 182i, when Captain Dix asked him to move 
 to Dixboro. He went thither, and while there Mattison entered 
 the east half of the southeast quarter of section 13, in the township 
 of Ann Arbor, July 24, 1824. During that month Mr. Gee 
 assisted his father-in-law in building a house. There cannot be a 
 doubt regarding Mr. Gee's early visit and subsequent settlement; 
 but the statement that he preceded the Woodruff-Grant party 
 seems at variance with the generally accepted fact that Woodruff's 
 Grove was the first settlement of American pioneers in Washtenaw 
 county. Presuming that Mr. Gee made his first exploratory trip 
 into this district in June, 1823, as is stated in his paper, the " first 
 log house" could not be built by him "about the first of March" 
 of that year. It appears very probable that the story of this first 
 settlement is correct in many respects, the dates alone being a little 
 confused. There is no more reason to state that Mr. Gee was the 
 first settler than to give the four fishermen of Monroe precedence 
 on account of their former visits to Godfrey's. 
 
 A MODERN B0ENS. 
 
 William Lambie, a countryman of Robert Burns, settled on the 
 Moan farm, in Superior township, June, 1839. After " a fair, 
 square battle with privations, exile and penury " he won success. 
 Forty years after settlement he addressed the following lines to the 
 pioneers of Superior: 
 
 We welcome every honest heart into our friendly meeting ; 
 
 To every man that led the van we send a kindly greeting ; , 
 
 All honor to the gallant band who always led the way, 
 
 And made the State so rich and great, now crowned with silver gray ; 
 
1070 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Brave and good, they earned their food, privations long enduring, 
 
 By waving woods and flowing floods along the winding Huron. 
 
 The farms will stand to enrich the land through all the coming years, 
 
 The fields they won tell what was done by the good old Pioneers. 
 
 They fought the battles of the free, and no bloody banners bore. 
 
 The grandest of the peaceful brave in the good old days of yore . 
 
 The Heroes of the sylvan woods, workers in sun and rain. 
 
 Who sowed the fields, rich autumn yields, and reaped the golden grain, 
 
 Women refined, and men of mind, as good as you ever saw. 
 
 In happy homes they sung their songs over all our Washtenaw. 
 
 The youngsters glad, in homespun clad, made fields and forests ring. 
 
 And girls and boys, with glee and noise, did in the green wood swing. 
 
 In autumn days, through rural ways, the young were sent to school. 
 
 To learn in youth to speak the truth aud pay their debts in full. 
 
 When fields were cleared the church was reared, for worship, prayer and 
 
 praise, 
 Hearts were given to hope and Heaven and sacred Sabbath days. 
 A righteous cause, no bankrupt laws, with good work for all to do. 
 They spent happy days in work and praise, where hearts were kind and 
 
 true. 
 They worked for funds, received no duns, or credit from the bank ; 
 They gained in health and honest wealth without a paper stamp. 
 Farm stock was watered at the rills, in fertile fields they trusted ; 
 They held plowshares in solid hills and banks that never bursted. 
 They got good interest, paid in wheat, the harvest failing never. 
 The rainbow painted on the sky their " trade-mark " true forever. 
 The birds sung in the fields and groves on every summer morning, 
 The wild flowers and the apple bloom their peaceful homes adorning; 
 The bob-o-links flew over head, free concerts to them bringing. 
 The streams went gliding down the glens along the green banks singing. 
 They had the " rocks," but not the votes, no ballots for them throwing ; 
 They had no need of public feed with granaries overflowing ; 
 They reigned on every hill and dale over all the balmy West, 
 The heaven's blue dome their palace home, the greatest and the best. 
 Some may honor regal kings, wearing their crowns of gold, 
 We honor men with glory crowned — the Pioneers of old. 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF DIXBOEO. 
 
 The village is prettily situated on Fleming's creek, in the midst 
 of a rich agrict;ltural country. It was platted in 1826 by Surveyor 
 A. B. Eowe, for Captain John Dix, into 64 lots, with a reserve of 
 16 rods by 8, and a public square of equal size, north of the south 
 road. Main street, or the western extension of the Detroit road, 
 divided the plat, leaving 22 lots west of the reserve, and square on 
 the north side of Main street, and eight lots east of the square. 
 Dix's barn stood north of the Detroit road, just east of the village 
 boundary, and his dwelling house on the south side ot the road. 
 The grist and saw-mill, were located on the creek east of the south 
 road. This plat was recorded Feb. 28, 1828, by Cyrus Beckwith, 
 Registrar of Washtenaw county. 
 
 The following historical sketch appeared in the Ann Arbor 
 Journal, Feb. 5, 1859: ^ 
 
 DIXB020. 
 
 This little town, situated about five miles from Ann Arbor, on 
 the Dixboro road, was located by Capt. Dix. Capt. Dix was New 
 
SUPEEIOK TOWNSHIP. 1071 
 
 England born, and had spent most of his life on the sea, up to the 
 time of his emigrating to the then Territory of Michigan. He 
 bought at this place a large tract of Government land, put it under 
 cultivation, erected a flouring mill containing two run of stone, 
 and kept a little store for the accommodation of his neighbors. 
 
 Capt. Dix possessed a little of that hauteur, which is so charac- 
 teristic of the sons of Neptune. 
 
 Mrs. Dix and the other ladies that came with them to these 
 Western wilds were high-toned families, and acquainted with Bos- 
 ton city life. 
 
 Oapt. Dix's wife was familiarly know among the old settlers as 
 lady " Trass." The old settlers have made frequent mention of her 
 in connection with her exploits in horsemanship and the use of fire- 
 arras, in watching "deer licks" on summer evenings. 
 
 Capt. Dix disposed of his property at this place about the year 
 1833, and moved to Texas. It is said that lady "Trass " received 
 one league of land from the Texas Government for teaching an 
 infant school. 
 
 From the time that Capt. Dix left this place until within a short 
 period, Dixboro has been on the wane, — but as Byron sang, "A 
 change came o'er the spirit of my dreams." Dixboro, after slum- 
 bering for years and haunted by the ghost of departed spirits, has 
 come out clean and unscathed as a living monument, showing that 
 civilization and Christianity early made their imprints there. 
 
 During 1858 a protracted meeting was commenced under the 
 charge of the Rev. Mr. Donaldson. An organization was formed 
 and the following trustees were elected: James Fair, Isaac N. 
 S. Foster, C. B. Cook, W. S. Waterman, D. B. Newton, H. S. 
 Crippen and F. D. Galpin. It was attended with very good suc- 
 cess, and society took a different tone. It was then proposed to 
 build a church, and now, to the praise of Dixboro, it can be said 
 that they have one of the best built and most commodious (Metho- 
 dist) churches anywhere in the county. Its cost was about $2,200, 
 exclusiveof carpets and furniture. And here let us say that the 
 worthy high-sheriff, born in Dixboro, although not a member of 
 this Church, took such an interest in the matter, that the beautiful 
 lamps and chandelier which light the church were donated by him. 
 
 Some of the citizens of Ann Arbor, after helping build the 
 church, contributed toward the furniture. 
 
 There was one other present we wish to mention, because it was 
 given by a lady, who had taken a very lively interest in seeing the 
 house completed, but disease taking hold of her vitals, she only 
 lived to see the edifice completed. The lady, after giving several 
 tokens of Christian love to her friends, donated a beautiful set of 
 silver- ware for the communion service. So ended the last moments 
 of Mrs. Peter Ingals, a pious woman and an esteemed friend. 
 
 THE DIXBOEO GHOST. 
 
 The ghost excitement of 1845 was one of those strange uprisings 
 of popular superstition which vary the monotony of life, and result 
 
1072 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 in the accumulation of valuable experience. It appears that on the 
 night of Sept. 27, 1846, Isaac Van "Woert, who arrived in the vil- 
 lage on the preceding day, took lodgings in an untenanted house 
 pointed out to him by Jackson Hawkins. While standing in front 
 of the window, and at a moment when his wife had "stepped into 
 Mrs. Hammond's home, he saw a light within the room. After a 
 closer survey he saw a middle-sized woman holding a light in her 
 left hand; her head was bound in a white cloth, while around her 
 was hung a loose gown. The strange figure moved slowly across 
 the room, entered the bed-room, the door of which she closed. 
 Yan Woert followed the woman, but on entering the room found 
 nothing there. Before entering, however, he heard one of the 
 bureau drawers open and shut. After the lapse ofa few days "Woert 
 learned for the first time that the house was occupied by Mrs. M. 
 Mulholland up to the period of her death. The apparition re- 
 appeared in October. Van "Woert then saw the woman within five 
 feet of him. She said, " Don't touch me; touch me not." Step- 
 ping back a little, he demanded what she wanted. The apparition 
 replied, " He has got it. He robbed me little by little until they 
 kilt me. They kilt me; now he has got it all." She further said, 
 
 "J J , yes, J has got it at last, but it won't do him 
 
 long. Joseph! Joseph! I wish Joseph would come away." 
 
 An afiidavit of Van Woert was sworn before Wm. R. Perry, a 
 Justice of the Peace, at Ann Arbor, Dec. 8, 1845, from which the 
 foregoing is summarized. In continuation the witness of these 
 manifestations says: "The third time I saw her I awoke in the 
 night; know not what hour; the bed-room was entirely light; I 
 saw no candle, but saw the same woman, who said, 'J — 
 can't hurt me any more; no he can't, I am out of his reach. Why 
 don't they get Joseph out of the ,way? Oh, my boy ! why not 
 come away ?' 
 
 "The fourth time she appeared was 11 o'clock at night. I was 
 sitting with my feet on the stove hearth, when all at once the door 
 stood open and I saw the same woman in the door supported in 
 the arms of a man whom I knew. She was stretched back and 
 looked as if she were in the agonies of death. She did not speak, 
 but the apparition of the man said, ' She is dying ! she will die !' 
 and all disappeared, and the door closed without a noise. The 
 strange and unwelcome visitor appeared four times, always speak- 
 ing of crimes committed and expressing fears of others to follow. 
 The main subject of the ghost's complaint was supposed to con- 
 nect the doctor and some of her former relatives with the murder 
 of herself and another person. The body of one of their victims 
 was, according to the specter's testimony, cast into a well at the 
 corner of Main and Mill streets, and that of the other into the 
 waters of Frain's lake." The credulity of the people actually led 
 them to search both well and lake for the victims of the murderers; 
 there was no discovery which might lead to the realization of 
 Woert's gigantic dream. Many are inclined to believe the story 
 
SUPEEIOE TOWNSHIP. 1073 
 
 of the "Dixboro Ghost," but the great majority ascribe the cause 
 of all this excitement and trouble to a well-laid conspiracy, having 
 for its object the banishment of a medical man from the settle- 
 ment, and the disgrace of others. If this were the fact, the con- 
 spirators succeeded ; tlie persons stigmatized by the specter of Mrs. 
 Mullholland left the district within a brief space of time. 
 
 INDTJSTBIES. 
 
 In the earlier years of the township the milling interest received 
 much attention. No less than eight saw-mills have been in oper- 
 ation there, each completing its round of duty and falling into 
 disuse. Of those mills seven possessed a water-power, and one 
 steam-power. Two of them were located at Dixboro; two at 
 Lowell; Pine's, on section 25; Fowler's on section 36 and 
 Wansey's on section 26. Murray's steam saw-mill has passed away 
 like the others. This mill was situated on section 12. The three 
 flouring mills, two of which were built by Captain Dix and E. 
 K. Ailes, at Dixboro, and the other at Lowell, have disappeared. 
 The mill built by Dix was torn down, and Ailes' mill was erected 
 on its site. Those mills were destroyed by fire. The paper mill 
 at Lowell, referred to in the history of Ypsilanti, is the most recent 
 and greatest industry ever established in the county. As late as 
 1834 there were two stores owned by Clements and Shaw. A 
 tavern kept by Clements and another by Kelly existed also. The 
 first postoffice at Dixboro was kept by Captain Dix. 
 
 The wild-cat bank of Lowell progressed so far as to print bills, 
 but prior to the issue of such paper currency the project fell 
 through. 
 
 OTHER ITEMS. 
 
 There have been seven suicides in Superior, the first of which 
 was perpetrated in 1850. 
 
 A gang of horse thieves existed in the township about 1837; yet 
 the township has not furnished a tenant to the State's prison. 
 
 The school-houses of the township number 10, five of which are 
 brick, one stone, and four frame structures. The first school-house 
 was built in the Free Church neighborhood. The first outside the 
 Free-Church neighborhood was that on the Ypsilanti and Superior 
 town line. 
 
 The churches comprise the M. E. church and the Free church. 
 The first was erected in 1858, and the second built by Col. Brewer 
 and Abel Parkhnrst about 1855, intended as a house of worship for 
 all denominations. 
 
1074 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. 
 
 The following named persons have served in different official 
 capacities since the organization of the township: 
 
 SUPEEVISOES. 
 
 Augustus Root 1829 
 
 Geo. Renwick 1830-32 
 
 Augustus Root 1833-34 
 
 Joseph Howe 1835-36 
 
 Rob. T. Wheelock 1837-40 
 
 Joseph Howe 1841 
 
 Silas Wheelock 1843 
 
 E. R.Murray 1843 
 
 Frederick Andrews 1844 
 
 Elijah R. Murray 1845 
 
 Daniel Tibbetts 1846 
 
 Daniel Crippen 1847 
 
 John W. Brewer 1848^9 
 
 Smith W. Bowers 1850 
 
 George Douglass 1851-53 
 
 L. L. Kimmell 1854 
 
 L. W. Bowers 1855-56 
 
 Edward Goodspeed 1857 
 
 John Brewer 1858 
 
 Ira Crippen 1859 
 
 E. M. Cole 1860 
 
 William Hiscock 1861 
 
 E. M. Cole. 1863-66 
 
 Warren Babcock 1867-68 
 
 William Geer 1869 
 
 Ira Crippen 1870 
 
 Wm. Geer 1871-73 
 
 P. P. Galpin 1873-80 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 Silas Wheelock 1829-30 
 
 Daniel Crippen 1881 
 
 Silas Wheelock 1883 
 
 Isaac Gale 1833 
 
 E. B. Delano 1834 
 
 Wm. M. Clements 1835 
 
 Aaron H. Kelley 1836 
 
 Albert Bedell 1887 
 
 M. N. Tillotson 1838 
 
 John M. Welch 1839 
 
 Alvin Norton 1840 
 
 Cortes Pond 1841 
 
 Thompson Sinclair 1843 
 
 H. S. Crippen 1843 
 
 H. S. Crippen 1844 
 
 John Hall 1845-48 
 
 Geo. W. Gale 1849 
 
 Adam Minnis 1850 
 
 Thos. W. Leonard 1851-53 
 
 E. M. Cole 1854^5 
 
 Ira Crippen 1856 
 
 F. P. Galpin 1857-59 
 
 William Geer 1860 
 
 Perry C'rippen 1861 
 
 William Geer 1863 
 
 Wm. C. Murray 1868 
 
 William Geer 1864^66 
 
 A. J. Murray ■, . . .1867-69 
 
 Henry 8. Crippen 1870 
 
 J. M. Voorhees 1871 
 
 J.J. Strong 1872 
 
 A. J.Wilbur 1873-78 
 
 J. F. Packard 1879 
 
 C. Dorner 1880 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 The ofldce of constable and treasurer were one until 1843. 
 
 Geo. Douglass 1843 
 
 Milton Pettibone 1844 
 
 Geo. Douglass 1845 
 
 Wm. Hiscock 1846-47 
 
 Geo. Douglass 1848 
 
 Wm. Hiscock 1849 
 
 Geo. Douglass 1850 
 
 Chas. J. Murray 1851-53 
 
 Geo. W. Townsend 1853 
 
 Chas. McCormick 1854 
 
 Thos. J. Fowler 1855 
 
 T. B. Goodspeed 1856 
 
 S. M. Vought 1857 
 
 Thos. K. Andrews 1858 
 
 Wm. B. Tock 1859 
 
 Reuben Kimmell 1860 
 
 Wm. C. Murray 1861-63 
 
 Harrison Ruthrufl 1868-64 
 
 WiUiam Ruthruff. 1865 
 
 Wm. C. Clark 1866-68 
 
 Vedar Shanklin 1869 
 
 Thos. K. Andrews 1870 
 
 Gilbert Birdsell 1871-73 
 
 Wm. H. Crippen 1873-75 
 
 J. F. Packard , 1876 
 
 Geo. Ruthruff 1877-78 
 
 W. Crippen 1879-80 
 
SUPEEIOE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 10Y5 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Esek Pray 1829-36 
 
 Ira Camp ) ^aor, 
 
 G. C. Bedell S' ^^'^' 
 
 Jacob Bacon 1838 
 
 Esek Pray 1839 
 
 W. M. Clements 1840 
 
 Abel Parkhurst 1841 
 
 Daniel Crippen 1843 
 
 Esek Pray 1843 
 
 Philo Galpin 1844 
 
 S. C.Merrills 184.5 
 
 S. H. Hazard 1846 
 
 Silas Wheelock 1847 
 
 Stephen Alias 1848 
 
 Milton Pettibone 1849 
 
 ,J. Hawkins 1830 
 
 Solomon Miller 18.51 
 
 John Brewer 1852 
 
 Geo. Allen 1853 
 
 William Roberts 1854 
 
 "William Hiscock 1855 
 
 Daniel Peterson 1856 
 
 Silas Wheelock 1857 
 
 Albert Todd 1858 
 
 William Waterman 1869 
 
 William Hiscock 1860 
 
 Silas Wheelock 1861 
 
 F. F. Finley 1862 
 
 Isaac Rowe 1863 
 
 Warren Babcock 1864 
 
 Daniel Peterson 1865 
 
 Albert Todd 1866 
 
 Allen Basley 1867 
 
 Geo. Gill 1868 
 
 John W. Naury .1869 
 
 T. B. Goodspeed 1870 
 
 Jacob. L. Strong 1871 
 
 T. V. Quackenbush 1872 
 
 Arthur Covert 1873 
 
 T. B. Goodspeed 1874 
 
 R.J.Brown 1875 
 
 J. A. McDo 1876 
 
 R. Townsend 1877 
 
 A. Campbell 1878 
 
 A. Kimmell 1879 
 
 L. Kimmel 1880 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL. 
 
 The history of Superior township will now be continued by the 
 presentation of brief biographical sketches of several of its most 
 prominent old settlers and other citizens. 
 
 Aaron Campbell was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., July 37, 1844, and is a son 
 of Hiram and Elizabeth Campbell, the former a native of Massachusetts, of Scotch 
 descent, and the latter a native of New Yoi-k, and of German ancestry. Mr. 
 Campbell was married, Dec. 29, 1865, and 4 children have been given them — George 
 W., Rachel E., Olive L., and Benjamin F. Mrs. Caippbell was born Nov. 7, 
 1844, about 16 miles from where Mr. Campbell first saw the light of day. Her par- 
 ents were natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. Mr. and Mrs. Camp- 
 hell are members of the M. E. Church. Mrs. C. had three brothers in the 
 Union army, two of whom were killed in battle, and Mr. C. enlisted in 1863, 
 "but was not old enough. 
 
 Samuel Gasey, farmer, was born at Lanesboro, Berkshire Co., Mass., July 7, 1803. 
 He was the son of Edward and Martha (Steams) Casey, both natives of Rhode Is- 
 land. His father and uncle were soldiers in the Revolutionary war, and partic- 
 ipated in the battle of Bunker Hill. The elder Casey died in Pittsfleld, Mass., 
 in 1815, and his wife in Lewis Co., N. Y., a few years after. Samuel resided in 
 Lewis Co., N. Y , with his mother and brother until 31 years of age. He came to 
 Michigan first in 1826, and remained one summer, returning to New York in 
 December of that year. In 1830 he married Lucinda Jones, and for some time 
 afterward kept a public house in Peoria, eight miles from Geneseo, N. Y. In 1837, 
 Mr. Casey removed to Michigan, and settled at Ypsilanti, for some time thereafter 
 working a farm on shares. In 1847, he purchased the farm he now occupies, 
 lying north of Ypsilanti, in Superior tp., consisting of 80 acres. Mr. Casey was 
 the father of 6 children — Charles, Martin E., Elizabeth H., Edgar, Martha, and an 
 infant not named. Mr. C. has been so unfortunate as to lose the entire number 
 by death. Mr. Casey and wife celebrated the 50th anniversary of their marriage 
 in Aug., 1880, and although the weather was unpleasant, 80 guests were present 
 from Ypsilanti and vicinity, and the appreciation of their friends was shown by 
 the presentation to Mr. Casey of a gold-headed ebony cane, Mrs. Casey receiving 
 from her friends a pair of gold-bowed spectacles. Mrs. Casey's parents were John 
 
1076 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTy. 
 
 and Elizabeth Jones, born at Charlestown, Montgomery Co., N. Y., where they 
 spent their lives. She has one sister living in Ypsilanti. 
 
 Alansoii Chase, fdeceased) was among the early pioneers of Washtenaw county. 
 He was born in Massachusetts, April 6, 1806, and a son of Nehemiah Chase, of 
 English descent. His mother was of Scotch parentage. He was reared on a farm 
 and received a common-school education. He was married Jan. 13, 1854, to 
 Melissa Laraway,and2 children have been given them — Diadama Amorett, a school- 
 teacher in Saline tp., bom Dec. 9. 1864, and Edwin A., who was born May 4, 1865. 
 Mrs. Chase was born Feb. 11, 1835. He entered land from Government when 
 he came into the county, and at the time of his death owned 175 acres. He died 
 Nov. 7, 1880, and ' was mourned by numerous friends and relatives. He was an 
 honest and intelligent citizen and well respected throughout the county. 
 
 James P. Clements (deceased) was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., Jan. 13, 
 1807. He went to a district school until 15 years of age, when he entered the 
 employ of 'Squire Ketchum, as clerk in a clothing house at Bemis Heights, N. Y. 
 He remained there six years. He then started on a Western trip as traveling sales- 
 man for the above named firm, paying his own expenses and receiving only a 
 small salary. In 1836 he gave up this business, and, in'connection with his brother, 
 purchased what is known as the " Dix property," "in this county, where he 
 remained two years. In the fall of 1839 he'went East, and was married to Mary 
 Ann Pinch October 29, daughter of Daniel Finch, Drum-Major in the war of 1813. 
 After remaining a few months in Saratoga county, N. Y., he returned to Michigan 
 and entered the photography business. He built a " car" and traveled through 
 the "Saginaw valley" until 1861, when the Rebellion broke out. In the spring of 
 1863 he was sent to Baltimore with a soldiers' donation from Superior tp. He 
 returned and again entered the photography business, this time at Ann Arbor, 
 where he remained a term of years. He subsequently retired to his fai-m at Dix- 
 boro. His wife died Aug. 9, 1878. She was a pioneer of the county, and a mem- 
 ber of the M. E. Church.'^Mr. Clements died of pneumonia, Feb. 9, 1880, leaving a 
 family of 4 children, 3 boys and 1 girl— Sarah E., William S., Millard F. and 
 Edgar D. 
 
 Daniel Orippen (deceased). Perhaps no man within the borders of Washtenaw 
 county was so well known in former years as the subject of this sketch. Daniel 
 Crippen was born at Middlebury, Schoharie county ,|N.Y., in 1794. His father was a 
 soldier in the Continental army, and during his three years' service encountered 
 many hair-breadth escapes. Daniel was endowed with the same noble patriotism 
 that characterized his father, and when the war of 1813 was declared he was one of 
 the first to shoulder a musket in defense of his beloved country. He volunteered, 
 but was never mustered into service. He remained in his native State until 1837, 
 when he turned his face toward the setting sun, and started to find a home for him- 
 self and family. He arrived in the Territory of Michigan and settled in Wash- 
 tenaw county, entering 160 acres of land on section 31, Ann Arbor tp. The country 
 was then an unbroken wilderness, and Mr. Crippen was forced to cut a road two 
 miles long to connect with the main road. He assisted in the raising of the first 
 grist-mill, known as the Dixboro Mill. Mr. Crippen was a local preacher of the 
 M. B. denomination for over 50 years, and was a man of sterling integrity and 
 unblemished character. He was always foremost in matters of public enterprise, 
 and a leading spirit in those relating to education and religion. He departed this 
 life March 1, 1876. In 1816 he married Charlotte Gale, a native of Dutchess 
 county, N. Y. Eight children were sent to bless this union, 7 of whom are living — 
 Henry S., Anna, Roger, Ira, Phoebe, Perry and John W. Harriet is deceased. 
 Henry S. Crippen, the eldest child, was born in Albany county, N. Y., in 181'7, and 
 came with his parents to this county in 1837. He obtained his education in the old 
 log school-houses, having to' walk two and a half miles to enjoy the benefit of even 
 that rude institute of learning. In 1843 he married Mary Wickoff, a native of New 
 York. Four children were born to them— Charles W., William H , Prank B., and 
 Lelestia, all married, and recognized as citizens of character and integrity. Mr. C. 
 has been elected to fill different positions of trust in Ann Arbor tp., and was identi- 
 fied with the roads, school -houses and churches built within its borders. He is a f aithf til 
 member of the M. E. Church. His first vote was cast for William H. Harrison, 
 President of the United States. They have 4 children— George D., Daniel L., Ira 
 W., and Anna, all residing at home. 
 
 Ira Crippen was born in Albany county, N. Y., in 1836, and came to this county 
 with his parents at an early day. He remained at home on the farm until he was 
 
■a 
 
 i* 
 
 
^?'^^>^ 
 
S0PEBIOE TOWNSHIP. 1081 
 
 21 years of age, and for three years engaged in the carpenter and joiner's trade. He 
 then returned to agricultural pursuits, and in 1864 bought 100 acres of his father's 
 estate. He has made subsequent purchases, and increased his farm to 320 acres of 
 ■well-improved land. Mr. Crippin is a man of integrity, and liberal in all features 
 of education and general improvement. He has served in different official positions 
 and always enjoyed the respect and confidence of his constituents. Mr. C. veas 
 married in 1854, to Charlotte Douglas, a native of Michigan. They have 4 chil- 
 dren — George D., Daniel L . , Ira W. and Anna. 
 
 Ichabod Crippen was born July 10, 1807, in New York. His parents, Ichabod 
 and Mary (Whiiten) Crippen, were natives of New York, and of English descent. 
 Mr. Crippen was married in 1830 to Elizabeth Sitzer, who was born in New 
 York Feb. 4, 1811. They have 3 children — Marcus, a farmer of Washtenaw Co. ; 
 Elizabeth, married and residing in ^Superior tp., and Plia3be, wife of Robert 
 Martin, a successful farmer, who owns 160 acres of well-improved land on sec. 18 
 Mr. Crippen came to this county in 1831, locating land on sec. 20, where he still 
 resides. He is probabh' the only pioneer in Superior tp., who resides on the 
 land first entered from the Government. Mr. Crippen's military record is con- 
 fined to the Toledo war, in which strife he officiated as enrolling officer of this 
 region. Mr. and ^Mrs. Crippen have been connected with the M. E. Church for 
 over 44 years, the former being elected Class-leader after his first two years con- 
 nection with the Church. He served 1.5 j'ears, then resigned and accepted the 
 position of Steward and Corresponding Secretary, officiating in that capacity 15 
 years. Mr. Crippen and wife are honored and respected citizens of Washtenaw 
 Co., and bear the good wishes of all with whom they are acquainted. Mr. Crip- 
 pen is Republican in politics, and has served as School Director in Superior tp. 
 He has accumulated his present worldly effects by his own efforts, and deserves 
 commendable mention in this volumfe. 
 
 Marcus Crippen, son of Ichabod and Elizabeth (Sitzer) Crippen, natives of New 
 York, was born in Washtenaw Co. in 1833. He was raised a farmer's boy, and 
 received a common-school education. He was married in 1853 to Mary Ann 
 Martin. Of their 4 children, 2 are living — Marcus R.and John T. Mrs. Crippen 
 died in 1863. Mr. Crippen was again married in 1864, to Martha Gawley. They 
 have 3 children — Alice, Ichabod T. and Linus. Mr. and Mrs. Crippen are mem- 
 bers of the M. E. Church. 
 
 A. F. Dennis was born near Rochester, Monroe Co., N. Y., in 1824, and is a son 
 of George B. and Abigail (Day) Dennis. He received his education in the 
 common schools of Oakland Co., Mich. Mr. Dennis removed to Washtenaw Co. 
 in 1865, and has been engaged in agricultural pursuits since. He owns 100 acres 
 of richly cultivated land, on which he has lately erected a good residence. He 
 was married Sept. 26, 1867, to Lenora W. Robinson, who was born in 1838. They 
 have 2 children — George R., born July 24, 1869, and Maud, who was born April 
 15, 1874. ;Mr. Dennis is a self-made man, and well deserves the success which 
 he has achieved. 
 
 William E. Eldert was born on Long Island, N. Y., Dec. 8, 1856, and is a son 
 of WyckoflF and Elizabeth (Blake) Eldert, of English descent. William received 
 a common-school education, and by occupation is a farmer. He was married in 
 1876 to Hattie C. Campbell. She was born in Superior tp., Jan. 18, 1855, and died 
 Feb. 6, 1881. Mrs. Eldert was a faithful and consistent member of the M. E. 
 Church. Mr. Eldert is Republican in politics, and owns 77 acres of valuable land 
 on sec. 18. 
 
 Edwin O. B'ifley was born at Ann Arbor in 1856, and is the only son of Chi-is- 
 tian and Clara (Allmendinger) Fifley, natives of Germany. Mrs. Fifley died in 
 1870. His father was married the second time, in 1872, to Mary L. Druse, born 
 in Washtenaw county, in 1832. Edwin received his education at the Ypsilanti 
 public schools, and has followed agi-icultural pursuits mainly through life. He 
 owns 80 acres of land on sec. 28. Mr, Fifley was married in 1879 to Tillie 
 Deuress, a native of this county. Mrs. Fifley is a lady of culture and refinement, 
 and noted for her intellectual abilities. Mr. Fifley is a member of the Green- 
 back party, and in his business transactions is very careful and prudent. 
 
 Bolland Fletcher was born Aug. 14, 1848, at Sumpter, Wayne Co., N. Y. His 
 parents were Addison and Philinda (Summers; Fletcher, the former being a na- 
 tive of Massachusetts, and reared by the society of Friends. RoUand grew to 
 manhood on his father's farm, and at the age of 19 married Julia A. Millard, and 
 3 children have been sent to them — Millard, Guy and Elsie. For several yev .», 
 63 
 
1082 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Fletcher was in the employ of the Ypsilanti Paper Co., as teamster, but in 
 1873 he bought the old " Vought farm," consisting of 160 acres, and has put it 
 under a high state of cultivation. He deals quite extensively in stock, alvrays 
 keeping a large assortment on the farm.. 
 
 Milo U. Oage,fia-mBT, s,e.c. 35; P.O., Ypsilanti; vras born in Wayne county 
 Mich., July 31, 1856, and is a son of William and Susannah (Grigley) Gage, na- 
 tives of Michigan. Mr. Gage received a good education, and in 1868 settled in 
 Superior tp., where he has since lived. He was married Dec. 23, 1875, to Lottie 
 Gripley, whose parents were early settlers in this county. Mr. Gage owns a good 
 farm, and is a faithful member of the Democratic party. 
 
 A. J. Gale was born in Albany county, N. Y., in 1829, and is a son of Henry S. 
 and Pacy (Cook) Gale. In 1833 he accompanied his parents to Superior tp., 
 Washtenaw county, where he has since resided. In 1850 he married Max-tha A. 
 Haner, who was born in New York in 1832. Of their 5 children 3 are living. 
 Mr. Gale was raised on a farm, and has followed that occupation through life, 
 in which he has been very successful. He owns 105 acres of valuable land. His 
 grandfather, Roger Gale, entered land in 3Iichigan Territory at an early date. 
 Mr. Gale has a very large collection of histories, the insurance on which amounts 
 to $50 annually. 
 
 George W. Gale was born in Albany county, N. Y., in 1814. He is a descendant 
 of Joseph Gale, a native of Yorkshire, England. His son and grandson wei'e, 
 Roger Gale, si'., who was born at Stamford, Conn., in 1739, and Roger Gale, jr., 
 the father of George W., who was born in Dutchess county, 'N. Y., in 1771, and 
 was married in 1792 to Anna Sherburne, a native of New York, and daughter of 
 Henry Sherburne, a Pay-master during the Revolutionary war. Mr. Sherburne 
 was murdered for his money, while on his way to make a settlement with the 
 Government. Mr. Gale was one of a family of 13 children, of whom 8 arrived at 
 maturity, and only 4 living at present — Charlotte, wife of Daniel Crippen ; Roger, 
 a resident of IMiddleburg, N. Y. ; Isaac, who lives in Shiawassee county, Mich., 
 and George W. The subject of this sketch spent his early life on his father's 
 farm, and in 1833 emigrated to Michigan. He lived alone three months, making 
 c-orn-meal pudding his principal food, as it was better adapted to his style of 
 cooking. He was married in December, 1839, to .Jane Vanmoggin, a native of 
 Solace, Ontario Co., N. Y., and daughter of Louis and Jane (Westfall) Vanmoggin. 
 They have 1 child — George P. Mr. Gale has been a farmer through life, but of 
 I'ate years has devoted a large share of his attention to the breeding of fine horses, 
 and was one of the first to introduce the fine-wool sheep into this county. His herd, 
 in 1851, took 17 premiums at the State Agricultural Society. In 1837 Mr. Gale 
 was Captain of a militia company oi'ganized in the southern half of Washtenaw 
 county. He is Democratic in politics, and has served in several official positions 
 in this county. 
 
 Heiry 8. Gale, fariner and stock-raiser, sec. 17, Superior tp. ; P. O., Ypsilanti; 
 was born on sec. 22, Superior tp., Feb. 10, 1835. His parents are Heniy and Pacy 
 (Cook) Gale, the former a native of New York, and of English descent, and the 
 latter a native of Rhode Island, and of German parentage. His father came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1829, locating on sec. 15, Superior tp. Henry was married 
 in 1857 to Harriet Frain, daughter of Samuel Frain. They have 1 child — George, 
 who was born in 1858. Mr. Gale owns a farm of 50 acres, Mhere he has resided 
 for over 15 years. 
 
 Frank P. GalpCn, sou of Freeman P. and Almira D. (Praj-) Galpin, was born 
 in Superior tp., Washtenaw county, where he has since lived, and engaged in 
 sgi'icultural pursuits. He owns 100 acres of choice land, and resides in a hand- 
 some and substantial residence. In 1876 he married Miss Carpenter, a daughter 
 of Rufus Carpenter, who was born in 1806, and settled at Ann Arbor in 1844, but 
 is now a merchant in Dixboro. He was a prominent merchant of Ann Arbor 
 until 1856. His parents were .Jacob and Mary (Bliss) Carpenter. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Galpin are young, intelligent and industrious, and will make a success in life. 
 Mrs. G. is a worthy member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Freeman P. Galpin was born at Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y., .July 18, 1825. His 
 parents were Philo and Jane (Townsend) Galpin, who emigrated to this county 
 in 1832. The father purchased a tract of land, and when Fi-eeman became of 
 age he took charge of it, and has resided there since. In 1845 he married Almira 
 Pra3\ and she bore him 3 children — Philo, Norris and Frank. Mrs. Galpin died 
 in 185 3, and a year later Mr. 6. married Mary Ruthrufl', of Ann Arbor. Seven 
 
, _ BUPBEIOE TOWNSHIP. 1083 
 
 children were sent to bless this union, 3 of whom survive — William, Ellas and 
 Minnie. The deceased are Ida May, Lizzie, Ella and Louella. Mr. Galpin has 
 heen honored with several positions of honor and trust by his fellow citizens, and 
 served as Tp. Clerk from 1845 until 1848. In 1873, was elected to represent 
 Superior tp., in the County Boai'd of Supervisors, which position he still retains. 
 He bears the good will and esteem of all his numerous acquaintances. 
 
 PMlo G-jlpin, one of the pioneers of Superior tp., was born at Landsdown, 
 Leeds Co., Ontai-io, in 1804. His father was Nathan Galpin, and when Philo was 
 nine years of age, he removed with his family to Rush, Monroe Co., IST. Y., where 
 he was engaged in farming for several years. In 1832, emigrated to Michigan, 
 and located land on sections 8, 9, and 17. This estate included 240 acres of "oak 
 openings," and when improved, made a fine and productive farm. Mr. Galpin 
 was ill about one year after their arrival in this county, and they endured the pri- 
 vation incident to pioneer life with patience and fortitude. When they first ar- 
 rived at their new home, there were few settlers in the immediate neighborhood. 
 B. Hicks resided just east of Mr. G.'s location; John McCormick lived in the first 
 house west, and Capt. Dix had begun the erection of a mill at Dixboro ; Isaac 
 Pray lived near them, and Widow Hawkins, with her sons, owned a tract of land 
 in the vicinity. There was no school-house near, but a school was taught that 
 season. By industry, integrity, and good will, Mr. Galpin won the confidence of 
 his fellow citizens, and was elected by them as Justice of the Peace. He is a 
 member of the Methodist Church, and of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw 
 county. He has been the father of 4 children — Freeman P., Aurellia, Susannah 
 and Eliza Ann. He resides near his oldest child, Freeman P. 
 
 Robert L. Oeddes, farmer, is a son of Robert and Maria (Lane) Geddes. His 
 father came to Michigan in 182.5, and was among the few who first entered Wash- 
 tenaw county. He located about 500 acres on sec. 31, Superior tp., and 36, Ann 
 Arbor tp. He had sold 200 acres of land in Seneca Co., N. Y., for $2,400, and brought 
 that amount to this county, which at that time was considered quite a fortune 
 in this country. His brother John came out with him and entered land in Ann 
 Arbor tp., where he still resides. Mr. G. came to this county a bachelor, but was 
 afterward married, and raised 4 children — Jane, wife of Mr. Barnes, of Ypsilanti ; 
 Robert L., Maria and John (deceased). Maria married John Spears, of Lockport, 
 N. Y. The father of these children passed away from earth March 11, 1866. Mrs. 
 Geddes died in Feb., 1837. Robert L., the subject of this sketch, when he was 21 
 years old entered the west half of sec, 31, including 160 acres, on which there 
 were 75 acres improved. When his father died he received all the land he owned 
 in Superior tp., except a small portion willed to Mrs. Barnes, his daughter, He 
 was married Sept. 23, 1861, to Hannah P. Green, daughter of Ebenezer Green of 
 Ann Arbor. 
 
 Watson Qeer was born at Floyd, Oneida Co., IST. Y., April 5, 1825. His parents 
 were Stephen and Zerniah (Fuller) Geer, natives of New York, the former of Eng- 
 lish and the latter of Welsh descent. Mr. Geer was reared on his father's farm, 
 and at the age of 12 years was deprived of a mother's loving care. His father 
 followed her a year later. He remained on the old homestead with his 5 
 brothers and 2 sisters until his 25th year. He then came to Michigan with his 
 brother William, and bought 180 acres on sec. 2, of Superior tp. After living 
 there five years, the brothers divided the farm, Mr, Geer taking the land where 
 he now resides, formerly known as the " Esek Pray farm," and containing 450 
 acres, Mr, Geer was man-led Dec. 15, 1852, to Mary J., daughter of Esek and 
 Sally A. (Hammond) Pray, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of 
 Rhode Island. Five children have been given to them, 8 of whom are living — 
 Thomas P., Milton W, and Mary A, Willard E, and Clara A, are deceased, Mr, 
 Geer is Democratic in politics, but takes little interest in that direction, 
 
 Oeorge QUI is a promment pioneer and farmer of Superior tp . He was born in 
 England in 1803, and was a son of George and Sarah (Mills) Gill. He learned the 
 mason's trade when quite young, which vocation he followed for some time. He 
 was married in 1836 to Susanna Tompkinson. Mr. Gill and wife were among the 
 earhest settlers of Washtenaw county. When they first came here, Mr. Gill only 
 had %-l5 in money when he arrived, and was forced to go to housekeeping in a 
 school-house, but soon the latter building was rented for its former purpose, and 
 Mr. Gill was again without a shelter. He then bought a small log cabin and one 
 acre of land for his $25, He remarked to a friend that it was the proudest day of 
 his life when he led his wife into their rude log cabin, knowing it was to be a home 
 
1084 HISTOET OF WASHTENA.W COUNTY. 
 
 for them, and the best of all— was paid for. His taxes the first year were 10 cents, 
 an extraordinary contrast to the 1 100 he expends annually at the present time for 
 the same purpose. He has prospered beyond his most sanguine expectations, and 
 now owns and farms 164 acres of valuable land. Five children have been born to 
 Mr. and Mrs. Gill, 4 of whom are living— George W., Sarah E., Peter T. and Mar- 
 tha Jane. Joseph A. is deceased. Mr. Gill and wife are members of the M. E. 
 Church. He is a Democrat, and has been a Justice of the Peace for 10 years. 
 These venerable pioneers have a sufficient competency to last them through life, 
 and are living very comfortably and happy. They have 23 grandchildren and 2 
 great-grandchildren, nearly all of them living near the old homestead. They come 
 often to see " grandpa and grandma," whom they love so dearly, and to hear the 
 wonderful story about " Hold Hingland," which the aged veterans like to relate so 
 well. 
 
 Truman B. Ooodspeed was bom in New York in 1825, and is a son of Shubael 
 and Elizabeth (Blackman) Goodspeed, of English descent, the former a native of 
 Vermont, and the latter of Massachusetts. When Truman was but one year old 
 his parents removed to Washtenaw Co., Mich., and located on sec. 20, Superior tp., 
 where he has resided for over half a century, following agricultural pursuits the 
 greater part of the time. He owns 100 acres of well-improved land. He was mar- 
 ried April, 1851, to Caroline McCormick, a native of this county, and daughter of 
 Charles McCormick, an early resident of Superior tp. They have 3 children, all 
 boys — Hiram, born May 3, 1856; Charles E., Dec. 19, 1868, and Truman B., bom 
 Aug. 17, 1869. Mr. Goodspeed is Republican in politics, and has filled several 
 minor offices. His grandfather, Cely Neal, came to Washtenaw county when not 
 half a dozen families were residing within the limits of this now prosperous county. 
 He died at the advanced age of 84 years. 
 
 Linus Hiscock was born in this county in 1886, on the farm where he now 
 resides. He has been engaged in agricultural pursuits the greater part of his 
 life, and has succeeded in making his surroundings pleasant and happy. In 1868 
 he married Martha D. Fair, a native of Ann Ai-bor tp. The result of this union 
 has been the birth of 2 children — William J. and Walter F. ^Ir. Hiscock has 
 been honored -n-ith several official trusts in the tp. wherein he resides, all of 
 which he has satisfactorily filled. 
 
 Leasure L. Kimmel, a resident of this county for 56 years, came here in June, 
 1825, with his parents, Henry and Susannah (Laubengayer) Kimmel, natives of 
 Pennsylvania, the former of Polish descent, the great-grandfather, Michael Kim- 
 mel, having been a Colonel in the Polish army. Three of his sons came to the 
 United States and located in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Henry Kimmel. the father of the subject of this notice, moved from his home 
 at Stoyestown, Somerset Co., Pa., to Kaskaskia, 111,, in 1821, with 3 children — 
 Elizabeth, George and Leasure L. At this place he lived nearly four years, dur- 
 ing which time 2 more children were added to his famil}- — Reuben and Mary. 
 In 1824 he sold his Illinois farm and started with his family, 100 head of stock 
 and farming implements, for Michigan, going the whole dist-ance by horse-team 
 for family. They had to ford many small streams, make rafts for carrying the 
 goods over, and swim the stock. The trij) occupied 89 days. 
 
 On arrival here he settled on his land on sees. 22 and 23, which he had pre- 
 viously entered from the Government, 600 acres in extent. There being no 
 house on this land, he had to leave his family in a settlement some 15 or 20 miles 
 distant, where he bought a piece of corn to keep his stock through the winter. 
 Mr. Kimmel got his log house ready in about two months, and moved his family 
 into it. This was on the site of the front yard of the present residence. His 
 nearest neighbors were two or three families at Ypsilanti and Pl3'mouth. Mr. K. 
 prospered and amassed a fortune. Politically he was a Whig and finally a 
 Republican, served in various local offices, gave the name to '■ Superior " town- 
 ship, and assisted in locating the county seat. Two other children were born in 
 his family in this county — Edgar and Susan. He died in August, 1865, aged 83 
 years, mourned by his bereaved wife and children, and a large circle of friends. 
 Mrs. K. died some years afterward, at her sou's house, surrounded by many de- 
 voted friends. 
 
 Leasure L. Kimmel, the subject of this sketch, was born April 19, 1819, in the 
 town of Stoyestown, Somerset Co., Pa. ; passed his early years on his father's farm, 
 receiving instruction four months in the yeai- in a little log school-house. At 
 the age of 32 he look charge of his father's farm, which he has occupied and 
 
SUPEEIOE TOWNSHIP. 1085 
 
 managed ever since, paring a debt of some |9,000 wliich encumbered tlie estate. 
 He was married Dec. 18, 1845, to Miss Jane Brewer, who was born July 18, 1827, 
 a daugbter of John and Samuel (Churcli) Brewer, the former a native of New 
 Yorlt State, and the latter of Belchertown, Mass. They were early settlers in this 
 •county, and are now deceased. Mr. B. was killed by a horse running away. 
 
 Mr. Kimmel had 7 children as follows : Albert, who was born Dec. 20, 1846, 
 married Margaret Randall, of Indiana, owns 120 acres of land, and lives near the 
 old homestead ; an infant daughter, deceased ; Cora Bell, who was born Oct. 5, 
 1854, and died Aug. 25, 1856 ; Fred W., who married Louisa Houston, of Canton, 
 Mich., and owns 130 acres of the old homestead, on which he Jives ; Kittie Alice, 
 who was born March 5, 1862 ; Susie E., who died an infant ; Henry Grant, who 
 was born Jan. 24, 1867, and Mary E., born Oct. 16, 1869. 
 
 A portrait of Mr. Kimmel appears elsewhere in tliis history. 
 
 Chauncey Knapp (deceased) was born in Massachusetts in 1798, and accom- 
 panied his parents to Michigan in 1880, locating at Toyas Plains in Wajae 
 county, and subsequently at Dixboro, Washtenaw county. He tlien removed to 
 Ann Arbor, and thence to Ypsilanti. While a resident of Ann Arbor he built the 
 first woolen-mill at that place, in 1831. He continued at that business 12 years, 
 and was afterward engaged in the carding business, and agricultural pursuits, 
 up to the time of his death. He was married to Julia A. Bell, a native of Massa- 
 chusetts. Her father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and her grandfather served 
 in the Continental army, living to be over 103 yeai's of age. Her grandfather, on 
 her mother's side, was' witli Washington, in that memorable Valley Forge cam- 
 paign. Seven children were born to Mr. Knapp and wife, 4 of whom are living. 
 Mr. Knapp tooli an active part in political matters, and for 25 years held tlie 
 position of School Inspector. He died in 1878, and his loss was mourned by the 
 entire county. His son, Alfred .1. Knapp, was born at Ann Arbor, and passed his 
 early life, with his father in tlie woolen-mill. At the age of 18 years he was em- 
 ployed as conductor on a railroad, and in 1858 located where he now resides, his 
 farm comprising 180 acres. He pays particular attention to breeding fine stool?:, 
 not so much for his own personal aggrandizement, as that of i mproving the gen- 
 eral run of stock throughout the county. Mr. Knapp takes a deep inter- 
 est in agricultural matters, and always exhibits a fair show of farm products at 
 each succeeding county fair. He is a Republican in politics, and rarely fails to 
 be present at the polls on election day. He was married in 1862 to Miss M. J. 
 Crosby, of Orleans county, !N". Y., and 3 children have been born to them — Hiram 
 I., Alfred J. and Ettie E., all of whom reside with their parents. 
 
 Robert Martin, farmer and stock-raiser, on sec. 18, Superior tp., was born in 
 Northern Ireland June 9, 1842, scm of Robert and Mary (Breakey) Martin. He re- 
 ceived but a limited education in Ireland, and in 1861 be resolved to visit America 
 and see if in the new country he could not better his condition. He settled 
 first at Ann Arbor, Mich., and in 1863, in Superior tp. The first year of his resi- 
 dence in this county he worked for George Thompson as a farm laborer for $108 ; 
 second year, $180 ; third year, $150. By this, and other means, he was able to 
 save $500 with which he bought a fine farm. He now owns 100 acres of valuable 
 land. He was married in 1864, to Phcebe Crippen, daughter of Ichabod 
 Crippen, for whom Mr. 3Iartin had labored faithfully for two years. They have 
 -8 children, 5 sons and 3 daughters. Mr. Martin is classed among the prominent 
 -farmers of Superior tp., a fitting monument of what industry, energy and pluck, 
 may accomplish. 
 
 Jacob Mayer, farmer, sec. 18, Superior tp. ; P. 0. Ann Arbor; was born in Ger- 
 many in 1843 ; son of Jacob and Mary (Lump) Mayer. He accompanied his 
 parents to Washtenaw Co. in 1855, locating in Lodi tp., where his father still re- 
 sides. Mr. Mayer received his education in Germany. March 30, 1875, he mar- 
 ried Mary Heininger, a native of Germany. They have 3 children — Albert F., 
 born April 36, 1876, and Louisa M., born Sept. 13, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Mayer 
 are members of the Bethlehem German Lutheran Church. In 1864 Mr. Mayer 
 ■enlisted in Co. K, 30th Reg., Mich. Vol. Inf , and was honorably discharged in 
 January, 1865. He subsequently traveled all through the Northern and extreme 
 Western States, managing to earn good wages during his entire journey. He re- 
 turned home in 1874, and resumed his fanning operations. He owns 161 acres of 
 Taluable land. 
 
 George McDougall was born in Monkton, AjTshire, Scotland, in November, 1801 ; 
 lis father was a farmer, and he has been a farmer and a miller ; he came to 
 
1086 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 America in 1828, landing at New York in June ; spent tHe summer in Rochester 
 and came'to Ypsilanti in the fall.Jwhere he helped to raise a mill for Woodruff & 
 Hardy. Nineteen men were all in the county able to come to the raising. This 
 was the first frame mill in Ypsilanti, and had two run of stones. Mr. McDougall 
 ran this mill for 25 or 26 years, mainly under the proprietorship of Norris & Mc- 
 Intyre. In October, 1853, he bought 80 acres of land on sec. 36, Superior tp., and 
 moved upon it. In 1828, in Rochester, N. Y., he married Mary Muir, aud they 
 have had 8 children, 3 of whom are now living, namely : George, a farmer in 
 Superior tp. ; John, a farmer on sec. 36 ; and Henry, Principal of the high school 
 at Princeton. He was educated at the State Normal school at Ypsilanti and at 
 the State University at Ann Arbor. John bought two lots of land, 70 acres and 
 30 acres on sec. 36, opposite his father's property. He was married in 1870 to 
 Delphine Fowler, and their 4 children are Mary, Charles, Nellie and Lucy. He 
 was elected as Justice of the Peace a few years ago, but never qualified, being 
 averse to office-holding. 
 
 George McDougall, sr., the subject of this sketch, is a member of the Presby- 
 terian Church and was one of the 12 or 13 original members of the organization 
 at Ypsilanti. Mrs. McD. died Nov. 6, 1879. 
 
 Samuel Mulholland was born in Ireland in 1812, and is a son of Samuel and 
 Jane (Bullock) Mulholland. He received his education in his native land, and in 
 early life learned the weaver's trade. In 1831 he emigrated to the United States, 
 and the same year to Dixboro, Superior tp., having only means enough to reach 
 his destination. He immediately went to work at odd jobs and anything he 
 could get to do, and before long, he rented a farm to work on shares. In a few 
 years he purchased his present farm on sec. 5, comprising 160 acres, the greater 
 part being under cultivation. He was married in 1840 to Eliza Tounder. Of 
 their 10 children, 9 are living, 3 boys and 6 girls — Mary Jane, Margaret Ann, 
 Eliza, Sarah, Phoebe, Samuel, John, William and Ada. An infant is deceased. 
 Mrs. M. died May 12, 1868, loved and resjiected by all with whom she had 
 acquaintance. 
 
 William Mulholland ranks among the honored and aged pioneers of the fertile 
 valley. He was born in Ireland in 1816, and is a son of Samuel and ,Taue (Bur- 
 lock) Mulholland, who emigrated with tliier family to America in 1835. He set- 
 tled in Superior tp, the same year, whe]-e William grew to manhood. In 1845 
 he married Mary Tounder. The fruits of this union was the birth of 10 childi'en, 
 9 of whom, 3 sons and 6 daughters, are living. Mrs. Mulholland departed this 
 life in 1880. The names of the children are — Eliza, Margaret, Jane, Anna, William, 
 Elceba, Josie, John J. and Samuel L. Mary died September, 1860. Mr. M. is a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church. His wife was a faithful and consistent 
 member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Mulholland is Democratic in politics, 
 and has served the citizens of Superior tp. in various official positions. He has 
 many warm friends in this county, who desire to see him prosperous in life. 
 
 Andrew J. Murray was born at Canton, Wayne Co., Mich., Jan. 7, 1835. His. 
 father, Hon. Archibald Y. MuiTay, was born in Orange county, N. Y., in 1795. 
 He was married to Abigail Horton, and in 1827 they emigrated to Micliigan, 
 locating three tracts of Government land on sees. 1 and 3, in Superior tp., Wash- 
 tenaw county. He also bought an eighty-acre tract in Canton tp., Wayne county, 
 residing on the line between Wayne and Washtenaw counties for many years. 
 After he had cleared off his land he erected a steam saw-mill in Superior tp., 
 probably the first of that kind in the vicinity. He also built a steam flour-mill in 
 Canton, which, though a great convenienee to the settlers, proved a disastroua 
 investment for Mr. Murray. It was the cause of his losing the greater part of his 
 property, and in 1857 it was removed to Detroit. Mr. Murray was Supervisor of 
 his tp., and was elected to the Legislature in 1843 and in 1845. He was also a 
 candidate for State Senator, but being a Democrat, and the Republicans in the 
 ascendency, he was defeated. He died in May, 1865, aged 70 years, and his wife 
 followed him in 1875, at the age of 72 years. 
 
 Andrew J. Murray, the subject of this sketch, passed his boyhood and youth 
 with his father, being employed in the mills and on the farm. His education was 
 mostly acquired at the Normal school at Ypsilanti. After reaching his 31st year 
 he taught school five terms. At the age of 26 he was married to Marietta Brad- 
 ford, of Canton. In 1863 he purchased part of his father's estate, and settled down 
 to farming. In 1866 he sold a part of his land and exchanged the residue for 
 his present farm, now possessing 112 acres of choice land. Mr. Murray has filled 
 
SUPEEIOK TOWNSHIP. 1087 
 
 several local offices, such as Clerk, Superintendent and Inspector of Schools, and 
 at present is Highway Commissioner of Superior tp. He has 5 children, 3 sons 
 and 2 daughters— Jay, Mildred, Ellen, Benjamin and Edwin. 
 
 John W. Naury, was horn in County Longford, Ireland, April 37_, 1827. His 
 father, William Nauij, was an Irish gentleman of education, and distinguished 
 for his patriotism. He was educated at Oxford, but his degree was refused him 
 because he would not recant his Catholic faith. He came to Washtenaw county 
 and located 80 acres of land on sec. 25, in Webster tp., and 170 acres in Northfleld 
 tp. John was the j'oungest of 9 children, and remained with his parents until 
 their death. In 1864 he bought 425 acres of land in Superior tp., where he haa 
 since resided. Mr. Naury was married June 11 IBS'), to Johanna O'Hara, and 
 13 children have been given them, 10 of whom are living — William F., Daniel 
 D., Charles A., Ellen M., Mary L., Annie O., John J., Edward H., Margaret J. 
 and Eliza Theresa. Mr. Naury has been Justice of the Peace for eight years. He 
 is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and a Democrat. 
 
 Joseph H. Peck (deceased) was born at East Haddam, Conn., Aug. 5, 1790. He 
 emigrated to Michigan in the autumn of 1824, and settled near the old malt 
 house in Ypsilanti, in 1825. He bought 80 acres of land, running back to the 
 Huron river, where he intended to erect a dam and thus secure water-power, but 
 another party dammed the river some distance above him, thereby spoiling Mr. 
 Peck's privilege. He was not discou;-aged, but improved his land and lived 
 there the remainder of his life. Jan. 27, 1822, he married Sophia Churchill, 
 of Saulsbury, Conn., and 6 children were born to them, 5 of whom survive — Eg- 
 bert, farmer of Superior tp. ; Ei-vin, who resides on the old homestead ; Elizabeth, 
 Joseph Hulbert, who took possession of 50 acres of his father's estate in 1870, and 
 added 70 acres more, resides in Superior tp., and Lavina, wife of Edward Allen, 
 of Sterling, 111. An infant is deceased. Mr,Peck died Feb. 13, 1849, and his wife 
 in 1876. Their third son, Joseph H. Peck, was born at Victor, Ontario Co., N. 
 Y., Oct. 31, 1822, and came West with his parents. He was about five years old 
 when the i^amily were all taken with inflammation of the eyes ; one sister was 
 made blind, and Joseph never fully recovered from the effects of that dreadful 
 disease. His father kept a tavern when he first came here, and the subject of 
 this sketch, being rather feeble, lived in doors most of his early life. At 26 years 
 of age his father died, and he took charge of his widowed mother, living with her 
 till he was 33. He settled on a part of his father's estate, on sec. 84, Superior tp., 
 in 1851, and built a house and made several other needful improvements. March, 
 1856, he married Mrs, Juliet Thayer, born at Avon, Livingston Co., N. Y., 
 daughter of George and Zeruiah (Bennister) Thayer. The fruits of this union are 
 3 children — Alta E., Joseph V. and Don R. 
 
 Edwin Pettibone (deceased) was born in New York in 1826, and was a son of J. 
 K. and Susan (Hovey)Pettibone, old settlers in Washtenaw county. The father of 
 Edwin was drowned in the Huron river about 1836. Mr. Pettibone was married 
 in 1858 to Cassie A. Walker, a daughter of H. and Matilda (Arnold) Walker. Mr, 
 Walker died in 1853. Mrs. Walker is still living, preserving her physical and men- 
 tal faculties to a remarkable degree. Mr. and Mrs. Pettibone are the parents of 3 
 children — Lyman B., bom in 1858; Edwin E,, born in 1863, and Cassie, born in 
 1870. Mr. Pettibone came with his parents to this county in 1830, locating iai Su- 
 perior tp., whtre he was quite an influential farmer during his life-time. He was 
 Republican in politics, and a member of the United Presbyterian Church. He de- 
 parted this life Sept. 18, 1878, at the age of 52 years. Mrs. Pettibone is also afaitb- 
 ful member of the same denomination as was her husband, and owns 100 acres of 
 valuable land. 
 
 Hon. Esek Pray (deceased) was born at East Killingly, Conn., Nov. 29, 1790^ and 
 was married July 21, 1811, to Sally Ann Hammond, who was born at Foster, Rhode 
 Island, July 13, 1792. Three years after, they removed to Angelica, Allegany Co., 
 N. Y., and in May, 1825, Mr. Pray started for Michigan. After a long and weari- 
 some journey, he arrived where is now located Superior tp., and built a log house on 
 sec. 8. He started for New York after his family, but on arriving at Detroit, he 
 was taken ill and lay on a bed of sickness for some weeks. In the meantime his 
 wife and children arrived at Detroit, and soon after they came to Superior tp., locat- 
 ing on sec. 3, Mr. Pray having previously sold his farm on sec. 8 to John McCor- 
 mick. On one occasion Mr. Pray set a trap for wild beasts in the timber a mile 
 north of the house. One morning soon after, his son Nathan, then 11 years old, 
 discovered a wolf in the trap, and was told by his fatlier to take a gun and kill His 
 
1088 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTT. 
 
 animal. The boy in company witii his sister Catherine, afterward Mrs. George 
 Sutton, of Northfleld tp., started for the trap, and when within range, put the gun 
 to liis shoulder, and by a well-directed shot, laid low his wolfship. This feat caused 
 much surprise and commendable admiration for the youthful warrior and his brave 
 little sister. Mr. Pray kept a public tavern for a number of years, and was a mem- 
 ber of the first Michigan State Legislature. He was appointed a Justice of the 
 Peace by Gov. Lewis Cass, which position he satisfactorily filled for 24 consecutive 
 years. Eight children were given to Mr. Pray and wife, 4 of whom are living — Jo- 
 seph, who was born in New York March 2.5, 1823, was married July 4, 1849, to 
 Elizabeth Penton, of Superior tp.; George, born in New York Aug. 27, 1825, mar- 
 ried Diadama Pope, of Ann Arbor, July 4, 1849; Mary J., wife of Watson Gear, 
 was born in Michigan Territory, June 3, 1830; Sarah, wife of Daniel McKim, was 
 born March 17, 1833. Nathan H. was born April 1, 1841, married Sally Ann Mc- 
 Cormick April 22, 1873, and died March 11, 1881 ; Eliza, wife of Elijah B.Murray, 
 was born in New York Oct. 7, 1816, and died Oct. 13, 1845; Catherine O., wife of 
 George Sutton, of Northfleld tp., was born Jan 19, 1820, and died April 18, 1871; 
 Almira D., wife of Freeman P. Galpin, was born May 17, 1828, and died April 20, 
 1853. Mr. Pray was an honored and respected citizen of Washtenaw county for 31 
 years, and departed this life July 5, 1856. Mrs. Pray died at her old home in Ehode 
 Island, Feb. 27, 1870. 
 
 Mr. Fray's portrait is given elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Levi Quackenbush, farmer, sec. 4, Superior tp. ; P. O., Ann Ai'bor ; is a native of 
 Wayne county, N. Y., and a son of David I. and Nancy (Joy) (Quackenbush, the 
 former a native of Germany, and the latter a native of New York, of English 
 parentage. Levi was educated in the district schools, and after two terms of 
 schooling was able to pay his own way through the remaindei'. He was mar- 
 ried in 1847 to Mary Amity Packerd. Of their 6 children, 5 are living — Irwin, 
 John H., Edward; Alice and Addie May. Calista was born in 1853, and died in 
 1858. Mr. Quackenbush came to Washtenaw county in 1845, locating in Salem 
 tp., but subsequently in Superior tp., where he now resides. He first worked by 
 the month as a farm laborer, but soon accumulated enough money to purchase a 
 farm of his own. Mr. Q. is a strong man, physically, but possesses a quiet, peace- 
 ful disposition, and never had any trouble or a lawsuit with anybody, during his 
 life. He is opposed to all secret societies, thinking they are detrimental to the 
 best interests of the community. 
 
 Hobert Booke (deceased) was bom at Tollerton, Yorkshire, Eng., Oct. 15, 1807. 
 In 1826 he emigrated to America, and remained in New York five years, then 
 removing to Michigan. When he arrived at Washtenaw count}' he entered 80 
 acres of land on sec. 1, Superior tp., where he remained for 12 years. At the ex- 
 piration of this time he sold his farm, and bought land Ij'ing in sec. 
 13, where he lived till his death. When living in New York he married Cassa 
 Ann Arnold, a native of Alexandria, Va. The result of this alliance was the birth 
 of 5 children, 4 of whom are living — John G., Mary Ann, Catlierine^ Pauline J. 
 Robert T. died in the army at the age of 18. The daughters are all married, and 
 live in this State, The eldest child, John G., occupies the old homestead, and has 
 added to the farm till it now comprises 320 acres of richly cultivated land. In 
 1858 he was married to Alma Riddle, of Osceola, Livingston Co., Mich. They 
 have 2 children — Eugene and William, both living at home. Mrs. R. was born in 
 Genesee county, N.Y., in 1833, and is a daughter of Solomon and Olive (Nelson) 
 Riddle. They immigrated to Michigan in 1840, when she was six j'ears old, and 
 settled in Livingston county. Both are now deceased. 
 
 Loi«?'e?i Saji/yrci, farmer, was born in Homer tp., Cortland county, N. Y., May 
 30, 1817. His parents. Friend and Stella (Grannis) Sanford, were natives of New 
 Haven county, Ct., and of English descent. His education was received at Groton 
 Academy, in Tompkins county N. Y. He was reared on a farm and at the age of 
 22 began teaching school in New York, which he followed for 10 years, In 1 843 
 came to this county, and located in Pittsfield tp. He followed various occupations 
 until 1847, when he began farming on section 19, Superior tp., where he has since 
 lived and been moderately successful. He was united in marriage to Mary E. Har- 
 per, of Wayne county, Mich., Sept. 28, 1856. She is the daughter of Thomas 
 Harper, an old settler of that county. They have 2 children — Julius H. and 
 Eddie R, J. ; the former married Hattie Freer, of this tp. Mr. S. has held various 
 local offices, running on the Democratic ticket . 
 
SUPEEIOE TOWNSHIP. 1089 
 
 Bev. Thomas Seelye was bom in Oneida county, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1823. His parents 
 Cornelius and Rachel (Smith) Seelye, were natives of New York, and removed to 
 .Ohio in 1823, remaining there for 30 years. Mr. Seelye then came to Michigan, 
 .where he has since resided. He received his education in the Norwalk Seminary, 
 under President Thompson, afterward Bishop Thompson, of the M. E. Chyrch. 
 Mr. Seelye spent his early life in Ohio, on his father's farm, and at the age of 15 
 was converted to the cause of Jesus Christ. He was licensed to preach the gospel 
 at the early age of 20 years. He was married in 1848 to Naomi D. Sutherland, 
 bom in New York, Dec. 14, 1823, and daughter of Colonel Sutherland, a wealthy 
 farmer and very successful business man. Mrs. Seelye became connected with the 
 M. E. Church at 11 years of age, and since that time has taken an active part in 
 Sabbath-school work, having officiated as teacher and Superintendent for numer- 
 ous years. She has always taken an active interest in temperance work, and is an 
 earnest worker in the Foreign Missionary Society. Five children have been bom to 
 this marriage, Susanna A., born Nov. 10,1850; OsmanC, bom Sept. 21,1854; McKen- 
 dree T., born Nov. 10, 1858; Carrie N., Aug. 14, 1860 ; Jennie M., bom Nov. 13, 
 1863. The eldest son Osman C, graduated from the University of Michigan, and 
 McKendree is a student in that institution. Susan A. is the wife of Dr. J. W. 
 Kendrick, a leading practitioner of Plymouth, Wayne county, Ind. Rev. Mr. 
 Seelye has oflBciated as minister of the gospel for over 38 years, and never "gets 
 weary while well doing." He possesses great revival power, and as many as 300 
 persons have been brought into the fold of Christ, at one protracted meeting held 
 under his ministration. He is well read in all theological matters, and usually 
 speaks extemporaneously. 
 
 Thomas H. Spooiier was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1810, and was a son 
 of Thomas and Susan (Hurton) Spooner, natives of "merry England." Thomas 
 was married in his native land to Rebecca Smith. He was reared on a farm, and 
 believing he could do better in agricultural pursuits in the New World, besides 
 not being so cramped for land as he had been in England, in 1850 be embarked 
 for the United States, and landed at the port of New York with two lonesome 
 sovereigns lying in the darkest corner of his pocket, the only capital he possessed 
 in the world. He did not despair, as a great many would have done, but set reso- 
 lutely to work to earn the necessary amount of money that would carry him 
 farther West. This he did in a short time, and immediately went to Ann Arbor, 
 Washtenaw Co., Mich., where he obtained employment with William S.Maynard. 
 He subsequently rented a piece of tillable ground, and four years later boueht his 
 present farm of 110 acres, which was then entirely covered with timber and 
 underbrush. He went to work to clear the land, and has succeeded in making 50 
 acres of it fit for cultivation, which has good improvements thereon. His chil- 
 dren are — Sarah, Mary E., Thomas H., Rebecca and William H. One child, 
 Rebecca, is deceased. Mr. Spooner's present prosperous condition shows what 
 industry and perseverance may accomplish. 
 
 James 0. Thompson was born in Connecticut in 1793, and is a son of Elias and 
 Rosanna (Harris) Thompson, of English descent. He received a common-school 
 «ducationj and subsequently attended an academy. He was in limited circum- 
 stances, and was wont to work as a farm laborer in summer and leach school in 
 winter. The lowest wages he received for farm labor was |8 per month, and the 
 highest, S13.50. He was married Sept. 4, 1833, to Betsey Wightman, who was bom 
 in 1797. They are probably the oldest couple now living in Superior tp., their 
 combined ages making 173 years. Four children are living — George, Eliza M., 
 Caroline M. and Addison. The eldest son, George, owns a farm of his own, but 
 with filial affection has left his own fireside to make cheerful that of his venerable 
 parents. Mr. Thompson oame to Washtenaw county May 34, 1833, settling on sec. 
 39, where he has resided almost 49 years. He has 3 children living, and 3 grand- 
 children. Mr. Thompson, sen., was a soldier in the war of 1813, and himself and 
 wife are faithful members of the Presbyterian Church. He is Republican in 
 politics. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson were married by the celebrated Presbyterian 
 minister, David Austin. The day of the wedding was stormy and blustering 
 during the morning, but cleared off in the afternoon, and at night the sun set red 
 and clear in the Western horizon. So it has been with the wedded life of this 
 aged couple . Life looked stormy and discouraging at first, but soon the sunshine 
 was seen through the ragged clouds of poverty and misfortune, and the last days 
 have been very peaceful and happy. 
 
1090 HISTOKF OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Ransom Townsend, farmer on sec. 7, was born in 1826, and is the son of Fred 
 erick P. and Mary P. (Campbell) Townsend, the father a native of New York, 
 of English descent, and the latter a native of Vermont, of Scotch ancestry. Ran- 
 som received his education in Ypsilanti and has successfully followed the voca- 
 tion'Of a farmer. He owns 12.5 acres of good land, with a good residence, costing 
 over $4,000. He was married in 1848, and 3 children have been born to this 
 couple — Albina, Perry L. and Ransom Emory. Mr. Townsend is a member of 
 the Methodist E. Church. He came to this county in 1836, when only 10 years- 
 old, and his parents located on sec. 7. His daughter, Albina, is the wife of John 
 • Eldert, a resident of Jackson, Mich., and is an engineer in the employ of the M. C. 
 R. R. The 2 sons are teaching district schools in this county. 
 
 Benjamin 8- Voorhees was born in New York, in 1824. His father, James N. 
 Voorhees, was born in New Jersey in 1796, and emigrated with his parents, who 
 were natives of Holland, to Seneca Co., N. Y., in 1800, the country in that part of 
 the State being at that time an unbroken wilderness. In 1815 he married 
 Martha Swarthout, born in 1799, and daughter of Ralph Swarthout, of Seneca Co., 
 N. Y. He lived in New York until 1839, when he brought his family to Mich- 
 igan, where the year previous he had purchased property. He lived in Michigan 
 until his 82d year, when he was called to " come up higher, and receive the re- 
 ward which thou deservest." He was a man possessing an iron constitution, yet 
 was very gentle in his manners. He was endowed with more than ordinary 
 abilities, and his dealings with his fellow man were characterized by a spirit of 
 conscientiousness very seldom found. As a father, he was one of the kindest and 
 most indulgent; a member of the M.E. Church, he lived a purely Christian life; 
 thought not possessing an education, yet his example of moral worth spoke 
 stronger than words; liberal in all matters pertaining to the benefit and advance- 
 ment of his family and the community wherein he resided, he lived to a ripe old 
 age, retaining his mental and physical faculties to the very last. His wife, 
 Martha, died in 1878, they having spent the sunshine and shadow of 68 years to- 
 gether. She was a member of the Methodist Church for over 40 years. Eight 
 children were born to them, 5 of whom suiwive the death of their parents — Ralph 
 S., Jane, Benjamin S., Stephen and Peter. John, William and Louis are deceased. 
 Benjamin S., the fourth child, and third son, lived upon the old homestead until 
 he was 23 _years of age, when he bought his present farm, where he has since re- 
 sided. In 1847 he married Annie Merrill, and 5 children were the result of this 
 union, 2 of whom are living. Mrs. Voorhees died in the spring of 1864, and in 
 1867, he married Harriet L. Knapp. They have 1 child — Fred. Mr. Voorhees 
 has materially assisted in the improvements that have been made in this county, 
 and is a man of pure and liberal ideas. He raises a large amount of stock, and 
 feeds them plenty of good food, as their appearance will substantiate. Politically 
 he is a Republican. 
 
 John B. Wells was born in Chelsea tp., Orange Co., N. Y., in 1827, and is a 
 son of Ransom and Elizabeth W. (Bodget) Wells, of English descent and natives 
 of Vermont. In 1834 Mr. Wells accompanied his ]3arents to Washtenaw "county, 
 where he has since resided, engaged in farming. He was employed by T. B. 
 Goodspeed on a farm, remaining with him for 17 years. At present he owns 
 a good farm on sec. 30. Mr, Wells is unmarried. 
 
 Silas Wheeloch was born in West Bloomfield, N. Y., May 14, 1799. In 1826 he 
 came to Michigan and located his farm, consisting of three lots situated as fol- 
 lows : the nw qr and the w h of sw qr of sec. 3, in the tp. of Panama (now 
 Superior). He was married April 11, 1827, to Almira Durand, who was born Sept. 
 17, 1806, in Massachusetts. In the spring of 1827 they moved on to their farm, 
 where they lived until they died, the former March 18, 1869, aged 69 years and 9 
 months, and the latter May 20, 1867, aged 61 years. Children— Caroline E., bom 
 April 29, 1829, in Panama tp., this county, married Geo. W. Scott, Sept. 20, 1849, 
 and died Dec. 6, 1850. A few days after she was buried some of the family visited 
 her grave and discovered some of her burial clothes on the ground ; thinking all 
 was not right they examined her grave and foimd her remains had been taken 
 away, thus doubly wounding the fond parents and creating intense excitement 
 through the vicinity. Jerry L. Wheelock, born April 17, 1881, also in the town 
 of Panama, and married Rachel A. Savage Oct. 2, 1853; Chloe M. Wheelock, born 
 May 12, 1838, in the tp. of Superior.'and married, Aug. 2, 1854, John F. Packard 
 Salem tp ; George D. Wheelock, born Aug. 29, 1835, and died Feb. 28, 1857 ; 
 Robert T. Wheelock, born Aug. 3, 1840, in Superior tp., and married Dec. 18, 
 
SUPERIOR TOWNSHIP. 1091 
 
 1867, to Mary A. Jones, of Salem ; Royal S. Wheelock, born March 37, 1845, in 
 Superior Ip., married to Medora J. Flint, of Newport, Monroe Co., Mich., Dec. 23, 
 1869. 
 
 Mr._ Wheelock filled the first office of Town Clerk of the township of Panama 
 after its organization, and subsequently held nearly all township offices, having 
 held the office of Justice of the Peace for four constitutional terms. He also held 
 the position of Postmaster a number of years. 
 
 Robert T. Wheelock (deceased) was born in Bloomfield tp., Ontario Co., N. Y., 
 March 13, 1808. His parents were Royal and Lydia (Taft) Wheelock (deceased), 
 natives of New York and England respectively. Robert spent his early life in 
 teaching, but in later years devoted his time to farming. He came to Superior 
 tp. in 1836, locating on 160 acres of land, where he lived through life. He was 
 married in 1833 to Mary J. Murray, who bore 1 child, Phcebe A., who resides on 
 the old homestead. Mr. Wheelock was a surveyor by profession, and assisted 
 in the survey of Salem, Ypsilanti and Superior tps. He was a prominent man in 
 county politics, and was very successful through life, leaving at the time of his 
 death a competency sufficient to keep his only child in very comfortable circum- 
 stances. He died Sept. 28, 1848, and Mrs. Wheelock, Nov. 17, 1879. 
 
 Joseph Wykoff (deceased) was born in Seneca county, N. Y. , in 1793. His 
 parents, William and Keziah (Ford) Wykoff, were of French and Geraian de- 
 scent, and natives of New York and Virginia. Both were taken prisoners when 
 yovmg, and conveyed by the captors, through most of the then Northwestern 
 Territory. After three years' captivity, they were exchanged at Detroit, and soon 
 after were married. Joseph Wykoff settled on sec. 35, Superior tp., Washtenaw 
 county, in 1836. He was married to Phffibe Parsons, and 13 children were born 
 to them, 10 of whom grew to mature years, were married and reared families ; 
 Seven are now living — Charlotte, widow of Abner Bruen, of Lansing, Mich. ; 
 Harriet, wife of Abram Shears, of Wayne county, Mich. ; William, a resident of 
 Kansas; Floyd, who resides at Howell, Livingston Co,; Theron, who married 
 Cynthia Packard, of Salem tp. ; Celestia, wife of E. R. Curtis, who resides near 
 the old homestead in Superior tp,, and Elizabeth, wife of William McEwen, of 
 Battle Creek, Mich. Mr. Wykoff was a successful agriculturist, and resided 
 in this county for 53 years. He died at the residence of his son, in Salem tp., 
 Sept. 7, 1878. Mrs. Wykoff is still living and in her 82d year. Her home is in 
 this county, but at present she is living with her son at Plymouth, Wayne Co., 
 Mich. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Wykoff was an " old- 
 line Whig," but in later years, a member of the Republican party. He left 107 
 acres of good land to his wife and children. 
 
 John Young, M. D., Dixboro, was born in Scotland in 1846, and is a son of John 
 and Margaret (Spier) Young. He received his preliminary education in the 
 parish schools of his native land. He emigrated to the "United States in 1865, and 
 followed agricultural pursuits until 1870. He then commenced the study of 
 medicine, and in 1873 entered the medical department of the University of 
 Michigan, from which he graduated in 1874. He had fully determined to be a 
 thorough master of the profession, and his present success is a fitting reward for 
 his former diligent and laborious duties. He practiced two years in Tuscola, 
 Mich., and in 1876 removed to Dixboro, where he is now following his chosen 
 profession. He was married in 1880 to Fannie N. Atherton, an adopted daughter 
 of Ransom ,Townsend, a resident of Superior tp. Mrs. Young's father was a 
 Lieutenant in the Union ranks during the late war and was killed in battle. 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 
 PHYSICAL AND TOPOGEAPHICAL. 
 
 The township of Ypsilanti forms one of the most delightful dis- 
 tricts of this county, and therefore of the State. The Huron river, 
 or the Giwitatigweiasihi of the Northern Indians, enters the town- 
 ship in section's, flows southeast through sections i, 9 and 16, and 
 at the southeastern limits of Ypsilanti begins its tortuous course 
 through sections 15, 22, 23 and 24, and enters Wayne county at the 
 village of Eawsonville. The Seine-like windings of this beautiful 
 stream and the picturesque valley through which it flows, earned for 
 it the unrepeatable name conferred by the " simple-tongued " abo- 
 rio-ines. Paint creek, "Willow run and several minor streams course 
 through the township. There is one small lake or pond in the 
 northwestern section, which may be termed Tompkin's lake. The 
 city of Ypsilanti occupies the S. E. quarter of section 5, the 
 southern half of section i, the western portion of section 3, all sec- 
 tion 9, with fractional sections 8 and 10. The southern limits of 
 the city extend into sections 15, 16 and 17. Eawsonville village 
 is prettily situate on the eastern confines of section 24. The M. C. 
 E. E. runs from east to west through the city and northern town- 
 ships. 
 
 AGEICULTUEAL EESOUECES. 
 
 The township of Ypsilanti contains 19,517 acres of land, of 
 which 14,803 are improved, and 4,714 unimproved. This land is 
 laid oft' into 169 farms, which, equalized, would give 115.49 acres to 
 each. 
 
 The area under wheat in IMay, 1880, was reported to be 3,341 
 acres, which compares very favorably with the acreage, 2,727, of 
 the former year. The product of this cereal in 1879 was 53,548 
 bushels, or 19.64 bushels per acre. 
 
 The oats crop of 1879, grown on 1,126 acres, was 43,010 bushels; 
 the product of 1,862 acres of corn fields was $137,250; 779 acres of 
 rye yielded 1,357 bushels; 65 acres of barley produced 1,449 
 bushels; 171 acres of potatoes gave 15,840 bushels; and 2,781 acres 
 of meadow land produced 3,588 tons of hay. 
 
 FIEST GEANTEES OP FEETILE LANDS. 
 
 The first settlers west of Detroit may properly be said to be 
 Gabriel Godfroy, Francis Pepin and Eomaine de Chambre, the 
 French owners of the Otawewigamig or Indian trading house, 
 
 (1092) 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1093 
 
 ■which was located on or near the place of George Hill's resi- 
 dence on the west side of the Huron. The lands in the vicinity, 
 subsequently known as " the four French claims," containing 2,363 
 acres, were parceled out in tracts and deeded to the traders. Sec- 
 tion 690, a tract of 612 acres, was granted to Godfroy; one of 622 
 acres to Eomaine de Chambre, forming section 691 ; section 680, 
 containing 556 acres to Godfrey's children, and the south claim 
 known as 681, comprising 562, to Francis Pepin. The date of this 
 wholesale deeding was June 11, 1811, two years after the first set- 
 tlement of the French traders. The first lands sold by the general 
 Government, after the United States survey of 1818-'19, were por- 
 tions of sections 9 and 10, in town 3 south, range 7 east. The 
 first purchaser was Eli Kellogg, to whom letters patent were issued 
 Julyl, 1822, for 132 acres, forming the south part of section 9. 
 
 Augustus Brevoort Woodward purchased the northwest quarter 
 of sec. 10, comprising 80 acres of land, the deed duly registered 
 Aug. 16, 1862. Major Benjamin J. Woodruff arrived in April, 
 1823, entered the west half of the northwest fractional quarter of 
 sec. 15, on the 22d of that montli, and six days later was registered 
 owner of 114 acres in sec. 15 and 22. This tract took the name of 
 "Woodruff's Grove." John Thayer, Robert M. Stitts, David 
 Beverly and Titus Bronson arrived at the same time as did Ben. 
 Woodruff, and settled or located tracts of land one mile southeast 
 of the business center of Ypsilanti, where Chester Yost subse- 
 quently made a home, and now the property of Addison Fletcher. 
 To follow up the names of settlers who arrived in the township up 
 to the year 1834, and notice each fully, is impracticable, but the 
 record may be given correctly in an abridged form; therefore in 
 the following list, is given the names of those who made the first 
 purchases of the lands here, and their locations; 
 
 Section 1. 
 Calhoun, John, e h sw qr. 
 Harwood, William W. , e h nw qr. 
 Gilbert, John, w h sw qr and w h se qr. 
 Spencer, Theron, w h ne qr. 
 Brown, Ann, e h ne qr. 
 Bowen, Zolva, w h nw qr. 
 Crouse, George G., e h se qr. 
 
 Section 2. 
 
 Emrick, Jacob, w h se qr. 
 
 Spencer, Theron, w h sw qr. 
 
 Bowen, John, e h qr and e h sw qr. 
 
 Pettybone, Milton, w h nw qr. 
 
 Ira Merrill and Ashley Pratt e h nw qr. 
 
 Pratt, Oliver, w h ne qr- 
 
 Merrill, Harvey W., e h ne qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 Every, Abraham, nw qr. 
 Moss, Joseph, sw qr. 
 Spencer, Theron, e h se qr. 
 Ira Merrill and Ashley Pratt w h ne qr. 
 
 and s h se qr. 
 Merrill, Jeremiah C , e h ne qr. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 Oakman, Walter, nw frac qr. 
 Mead, Ezra, ne qr. 
 Rosencrantz, Josiah, sw frac qr. 
 Burlingame, Henry, n pt of se frac qr. 
 Burlingame, Henry, s pt of se frac qr. 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 Jones, Hiram W., frac of nw frac qr. 
 
 Section 6. 
 
 Stewart, Taylor, se qr. 
 Brown, Joseph, e h sw qr. 
 Dickerson, John, ne frac qr. 
 Orren, David W., w h sw qr. 
 Dickeraon, Silas, nw qr. 
 
 Section 7. 
 
 Brown, Joseph, se frac qr. 
 Turner, Josiah, ne frac qr. 
 Smith, Eleazer, w h nw qr. 
 Rice, Asa, e h nw qr. 
 Martin, John, e h sw qr. 
 
1094 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Section 8. 
 
 Morton, Jonathan G., frac. 
 
 Section 9. 
 
 Kellogg, Eli, s pt. 
 
 Jones, Hiram W., n frac of frac. 
 
 Section 10. 
 
 Woodward, A. B., w h nw qr. 
 Sackrider, Thomas, w h sw qr. 
 Bryan, John, e h sw qr. 
 Price, Dewman A., e h nw qr. 
 Gilbert, John, se qr and wh ne qr. 
 Bryan, John, e h ne qr. 
 
 Section 11. 
 
 Donelson, Obed, e h ne qr. 
 Emrick, Jacob, w h ne qr. 
 Becker, Christian, nw qr. 
 Saltphew, Jacob, e h se qr. 
 John Gilbert and John H. Coon, sw qr 
 and w h se qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Derby, Ezra, w h nw qr. 
 
 Gilbert, John, w h ne qr and e h nw qr. 
 
 Emrick, Jacob, sw qr. 
 
 McMath, Archy, e h se qr. 
 
 Fleming, James, w h se qr. 
 
 Richards, Daniel, ne qr of ne qr. 
 
 Hodges, Russel, se qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Millington, Abel, s h. 
 
 Norton, Ellas, nw qr and ne qr. 
 
 Section 14. 
 
 McCord, David, w h se qr. 
 Guilford, Erasmus, sw qr. 
 Bryan Jacob B., w h ne qr. 
 Hubbard, George, e h nw qr. 
 Nash, David, e h ne qr. 
 McKinstry, Andrew, e h se qr. 
 Freeman, Adam, w h nw qr. 
 
 Section 15. 
 
 Woodruff, Benjamin J., w h nw qr and 
 
 frac. 
 Bronson, Titus, w pt of se frac. 
 Grant, Orenti, e pt of se frac. 
 Cross, Daniel, e h nw qr. 
 Noyes, George W., w h ne qr. 
 Woodruff, Benjamin J , sw frac. 
 Norris, Mark, e h ne frac qr. 
 
 Section 16. 
 
 Hall, WiUard, se frac qr. 
 Woodruff, Benjamin J., ne frac and e 
 frac. 
 
 Section 17. 
 
 Trotter, John, frac. 
 
 Section 18. 
 
 Brown, Joseph, n pt of ne frac qr. 
 
 Forbes, John, s h ne frac qr. 
 
 Trotter, John, nw qr. 
 
 Stiles, Ezra, e h se qr. 
 
 Avery, John H., sw qr and w h se qr. 
 
 Section 19. 
 
 Watling, John, ne qr. 
 
 Etchels, Peter, w h nw qrandwh sw qr. 
 
 Rundell, Josiah, e h sw qr. 
 
 Rundell, Josiah, w h se qr. 
 
 Cooley, David, se qr of nw qr and ne qr 
 
 of nw qr. 
 Smith, James, e h se qr. 
 
 Section 20. 
 
 Churchill, Cj'rus, se qr. 
 Barnhart, Martin, ne frac qr. 
 Kilpatrick, Samuel, sw qr. 
 Watling, John, nw frac qr of frac. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Shaw, John, e h ne qr. 
 
 Shaw, John, w h ne qr. 
 
 Morton, Jonathan G., e h sw qr. 
 
 Wilson, John, -se qr. 
 
 Crosby, Solomon, w h swqr. 
 
 Hosmer, William and Wheaton, e pt of 
 
 nw frac qr. 
 Stiles, David, w pt of nw frac qr. 
 
 Section 33, 
 Bronson, Titus, frac of ne frac qr. 
 Woodruff, Benjamin J., frac pt. 
 Shaw, John, nw frac qr. 
 Persons Samuel, e pt of ne frac qr. 
 Rosencrantz, Josiah, sw qr and e h nw 
 
 frac qr. 
 Brown, Jonathan, w pt of ne frac qr. 
 Tuttle, Hiiam e hse qr. 
 Stillman, Jared A., w h se qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Tuttle, Hiram, n pt of nw frac qr. 
 Sutton, Benjamin, e pt of ne frac qr. 
 McCord, David, e h se frac qr. 
 Kamiski, Michael, s h nw frac qr. 
 Cross, Daniel, w h se qr. 
 Kittridge, William, w h ne frac qr. 
 Price, Dewmon A., e h sw frac qr. 
 Guilford, Erastus, w h sw frac qr. 
 
 Section 34. 
 
 Fleming, Robert, w h se frac qr and e h 
 
 nw frac qr. 
 Snow, Henry S., e h ne frac qr. 
 Price, Dewmon A., w h sw frac qr. 
 Moss, Joseph, e h se frac qr. 
 Lamed, Samuel, w h nw frac qr. 
 
 Losa, Francis, w pt of ne frac qr. 
 Carpenter, Powell, e pt of sw frac qr 
 
 \^ 
 
yPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1095 
 
 Section 25. 
 
 Carpenter, Powell, nw qr. ^ 
 Ballard, Asa N., e h ne qr. 
 Compton, Hugh, w h ne qr. 
 Torrey, Joseph W., e h sw qr. 
 Llmbacker, Harry S., e h se qr. 
 Moon^ "William L., nw qr of _sw qr. 
 Canovan, John S., w h se qr. 
 Udell, Samuel, sw qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 
 Huff, Hiram, w h ne qr. 
 Train, Jonathan, e h ne qr. 
 Olmstead, Israel, e h nw qr. 
 Young, John, w h nw qr. 
 Compton, Hugh, ne qr of se qr. 
 Canovan, John S., ne qr of se qr and w h 
 
 se qr. 
 Benhain, Milo, sw qr. 
 
 Section 37. 
 
 Kelley, Christian, w h nw qr. 
 
 Clapp, Nathan B., e h nw qr. 
 
 Hurd, Alanson M., w h sw qr. 
 
 Perry, William, e h ne qr. 
 
 Pierson, Daniel, ne qr of se qr and sw qr 
 
 of se qr. 
 "Wilson, William, w h ne qr. 
 Baldwin, Benjamin F., se qr of se qr. 
 Cirant, Elijah, e h sw qr and nw qr of se 
 
 qr. 
 
 SbotionSS. 
 
 ■Graves, Lyman, e h nw qr and w h ne 
 
 qr. 
 Morton, Jonathan G., w h se qr and e h 
 
 neqr. 
 Graves, Lyman, e h sw qr and w h nw 
 
 qr. 
 Gorton, Job, jr., w h sw qr. 
 Gorton, Richard L., se qr of se qr. 
 Hurd, Alexander M., ne qr of se qr. 
 
 Section 29. 
 
 Avery, John H,, w h sw qr. 
 Witherell, Benjamin F. H., w h ne qr. 
 Witherell, James, e h ne qr. 
 Densmore, William, w h se qr. 
 Densmore, William, e h sw qr. 
 Strong, Amos, nw qr. 
 Gorton, David, e h se qr. 
 
 Section 30 . 
 
 Avery, John H., e h ne qr and w h sw 
 
 „qr. 
 
 Strong, Amos, se qr of se qr. 
 Pratt, Alvah, w h nw qr. 
 
 Benedict, Chloe and Albert C, w h se qr 
 Spencer, Norman, e h nw qr and nw qr 
 
 of ne qr. 
 Cady, Dennis, se qr of sw qr. 
 Glover, Melvin, ne qr of se qr. 
 Reed, Samuel, sw qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Strong, Hiram, e h se qr. 
 
 Densmore, Hiram, e h ne qr. 
 
 Wait, Stephen, e h sw qr. 
 
 Reed, Samuel, nw qr and w h sw qr. 
 
 Oraig, Robert, w h se qr. 
 
 Hall, Joseph, nw qr of ne qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Mclntyre, Alexander, nw qr. 
 AUbright, Henry, e h sw qr. 
 Williams, Ebenezer, w h se qr. 
 Wadham, Ralph, w h sw qr. 
 Densmore, Hiram, e h ne qr. 
 Mclntyre, Alexander, w h ne qr. 
 Melbs, Jeremiah, e h se qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Peck, Watrous, n h. 
 
 Gorton, Job, e h se qr. 
 
 Williams, Ralph, and James, w h sw qr. 
 
 Williams, Rachel, ne qr of sw qr. 
 
 Densmore, George, w h se qr. 
 
 Grant, Elijah, se qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 84. 
 Aray, James, e h nw qr. 
 Aray, Jacob, w h ne qr. ^^ 
 
 Carpenter, John, e h sw qr and w.h se qr. 
 Camp, Henry C, w h nw qr. 
 McCauley, William, w h sw qr. 
 Comstock, Nathan, e h se qr. 
 Gorton, Richard, e h ne qr. 
 
 Section 35. 
 Wing, Job, w h sw qr. 
 Comstock, Nathan, nw qr. 
 Rogers, Samuel S., ne qr. 
 Willetts, Micajah, w h se qr. 
 Willits, Stephen, e h se qr. 
 Allen, Lemuel, e h sw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 Sterns, Samuel, e h ne qr. 
 Rogers, Samuel S., nw qr. 
 Thomas, Allen B., sw qr of ne qr. 
 Camburn, William, e h se qr. 
 Comstock, Nathan, w h sw qr. 
 Spalding, Ephraim H., nw qr of se qr. 
 Lafferty, John, nw qr of ne qr. 
 Spencer, Grove, e h sw qr. 
 Spencer, Grove, sw qr of se qr. 
 
 Before passing from the subject of the first hona-fide buyers of 
 the lands of this township, it is just and proper to quote from the 
 memoirs of John Geddes. In 1824 there were 14 purchasers, com- 
 prising John Calhoun, W. W. Harwood, Walter Oakman, Abrara 
 
1096 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Avery, Taylor Stewart, Joseph Brown, Benjamin Sutton, David 
 McCord, Ben. J. Woodruff, John Trotter, John Forbes, John Shaw, 
 Daniel Cross and Michael Kamiski. They are probably all dead. 
 Three of them died in Ypsilanti. Thirty persons purchased lands 
 in 1825; of them Jonathan G. Morton is the sole survivor. Lyman 
 Graves died in January, 1880. 
 
 Benjamin J. Woodruff was the first settler on land purchased 
 from the general Government. He built a house and moved his 
 family into it July 6, 1823. Woodruff started the first village in 
 Washtenaw. He was the first justice of the peace, the first post- 
 master, first sheriff and first mill builder in the county. He came 
 from Ohio to Ypsilanti. 
 
 V On the first day of June, 1825, the road from Detroit to Chi- 
 cago was surveyed by the United States commissioners, beyond 
 Woodruff's Grove; so the village perished. Woodruff moved to 
 Ypsilanti, where he and his wife died. He was social and accom- 
 modating, and made a good landlord. His grave is not marked. 
 
 The next purchaser was Titus Bronson, who bought two fractions- 
 in Ypsilanti in 1823. On May 5, 1824, he purchased 160 acres in 
 section 32, Ann Arbor township, adjoining section 29, which was 
 first platted for that city. He exchanged with John Allen for th& 
 N. W. quarter of section 17, in Pittsfield township. He disposed 
 of this land to Leonard Morris, and went on a visit to his birth- 
 place in Connecticut. Bronson returned the following spring to 
 Tallmadge, Ohio, and subsequently settled at Kalamazoo, which he 
 named Bronson. A vote of the citizens changed it afterward to- 
 its present title. Beturning East in 1853 he died, and a headstone 
 marks his grave in the quiet church-yard of a Connecticut valley, 
 bearing the words, " A Western pioneer has returned to sleep with 
 his fathers." 
 
 Thomas Sackrider was the third occupying purchaser. He built 
 a house on his land and opened a wheat-field in 182-1. In the fall of 
 1825 he sold 15 bushels of wheat to Bobert Geddes at $1.25 per 
 bushel. Subsequently he sold his property, migrated to Lenawee 
 county, and died there some years ago. 
 
 Oronte Grant was the fourth grantee. He settled here with his 
 family in April, 182i. John Bryan and family arrived at "the 
 Grove-' Oct. 23, 1823; in 1824 purchased land, erected a house,, 
 and moved into it Dec. 31, the same year. He was a carpenter and 
 the builder of the first bridge over the Huron in Washtenaw, dur- 
 ing the fall of 1827, at Ypsilanti. He built the county court-house 
 in 1834, and after the completion of this work moved to Constan- 
 tine, St. Joe county, where he died years ago. Hiram Tuttle, the 
 sixth purchaser in order of time, arrived with Major Woodruff, set- 
 tled on the banks of the Huron below '• the Grove," and died there. 
 Hiram Johns, the seventh purchaser, located on the east side of the 
 Huron, adjoining Eli Kellogg's land. David McCord and Eobert 
 Fleming bought lands at the same time; the latter built the first 
 saw-mill in this county on section 25, Ann Arbor township, in the 
 

rPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1099 
 
 summer of 1824. It was located on a little creek running through 
 that portion of the countj, subsequently named Fleming's creek. 
 He was a non-resident. Harvey H,. Snow was the tenth buyer, 
 and the owner of " Snow's Landing," now called Rawsonville. This 
 settler disposed of his interests to Abel Millington in 1825 or 1826, 
 and emigrated. Erastus Guilford was the 11th purchaser; Daniel 
 Cross, the 12th buyer of Government lands, sold out in 1825 and 
 emigrated to Saline, where he resided for a time, afterward 
 changing to Manchester and ultimately returning to Ypsilanti, 
 where he died, Feb. 15, 1875. George W. Noycs was the 13th 
 purchaser in Ypsilanti township. He moved to Ann Arbor in 
 1824 and two years later was the principal actor in building the 
 first grist-mill there. While assisting at the raising of Andrew 
 Nowlan's house, Nov. 23, 1826, he was accidentally killed. 
 
 THE STOKY OF THE FIRST IMMIGRANTS. 
 
 Among the names in the list of land purchasers are those of 
 Oronte Grant, Ben. Woodruff, William Eiclor, Hiram Tuttle, 
 David Stiles, Willard Hall, George Hall and Captain Fair. The 
 four last named were settlers of Monroe for some years previous, 
 and formerly neighbors of Grant and Woodruff; so that when the 
 first named men arrived in Michigan, they found acquaintances to 
 receive them. Stiles, 'Fair and the Hall brothers were fishermen 
 in 1823; they carried their operations up the Huron as far as God- 
 frey's trading post. They knew the country well, and advised the 
 new comers to settle near Godfroy's on the Pottawatomie trail. In 
 accord with such advice the immigrants and their friends of Mon- 
 roe left en route for Godfroy's, Wm. Eiclor alone remaining at 
 Monroe in charge of the cattle and provisions. They arrived at 
 Godfroy's, located their farms and then returned to Monroe for the 
 purpose of bringing forward their cattle and provisions. This they 
 accomplished June 1, 1823. On the same day the party entered 
 upon the erection of a house for Benjamin Woodrufi^. 
 
 A few days later. Grant and Woodruff left for Ohio, with the 
 intention, on the part of the latter, to return with his family by 
 July, so that the anniversary of Independence might be celebrated 
 in the first home of an American pioneer. He and his friends did 
 not arrive until the sixth of July, so that the proposed celebration 
 did not take place until 1824. The date of settlement by the 
 Woodruff family, consisting of Benjamin and Mrs. Woodruff, six 
 children, with Mrs. Snow, is July 6, 1823. Immediately Mr. 
 Woodruff waited upon the Governor of the Territory, who named 
 the settlement " Woodruff's Grove." 
 
 Early in 1824, Mrs. Grant, Mrs. Tuttle, Jane Johnson, and Mrs. 
 Alvin (Eiclor) Cross, arrived. At that time, Daniel Cross, John 
 Bryan, S. N^oyce, and J. Brainard were located near the Grove; 
 while tlie Hall brothers and Beverly had their log-cabins built on 
 the opposite banks. Godfroy's trading post was deserted then, 
 
 64 
 
1100 HI8T0KT OF "WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 nothing remaining of it save a few logs and remnants of the bark 
 which formed its roof. The post was near the " Spring well " of 
 the village of later days, almost on the site where John Stuart 
 built his first house. The first banquet given in the township or 
 county was at the Grove, July 4, 1824. The party included 
 Arden H. Ballard, Judge Fleming, Oapt. Fair, Orange Crane, Wm. 
 Eiclor, W. W. Harwood, Benj. Woodruff, Oronte Grant, Hiram 
 Tuttle, Thomas Sackrider, David Stiles, Leonard Miller, Sanders 
 Beverly, David McCorrel, J. Mahen, H. Mallett, John Bryan, J. 
 Stoddard, Mrs. Woodruff, Mrs. Grant, Mrs. Bryan, Mrs. Tuttle, 
 Miss Johnson, Miss Mallett, and Miss Eiclor, with the children of 
 Woodruft', Tuttle and Bryan. John Phillips and Walter Oakman^ 
 two Irishmen, are said to have gone to Detroit to celebrate the day 
 there. The season of chills and fever arrived in August following. 
 Oakman died. Nothing less than the attention which Mrs. Wood- 
 ruff bestowed upon the ailing members of the little community, 
 warded off death in many other instances. This lady prepared por- 
 ridge for the sick, and appointed Miss Eiclor (Mrs. Alvin Cross) 
 the distributor of such food in the homes of the sufferers. Kev. 
 John Baughman is said to have preached the first sermon in the 
 Grove, in the house of Brooks, in 1825. The same year Woodruff 
 erected the first grist-mill, a half mile south oi the Grove. Mallett 
 was the first violinist, or " fiddler," who performed for the Terpsi- 
 choreans of Washtenaw, long before it was organized as a county, 
 July 4, 1824. The first school without the village was taught by 
 Catharine Eosencrantz. Walter Oakman died in 1824 and David 
 Beverly in 1825, being the two white men for whom the first graves 
 were excavated. The first marriage was that of Eliza Cross to 
 Andrew McKinstry, contracted in November, 1825; and the first 
 birth, that of Alpha Washtenaw Bryan. The first regular store 
 was opened by Jonathan G. Morton and Aretus Belden, where now 
 is the ofBce of the Commercial, N. W. corner of Huron and Pearl. 
 Morton employed blacksmith Elmer and started him. If the 
 trading post of Godfroy, which was located nearly opposite, is con- 
 sidered as a store, that of Morton's must lose precedence; yet it 
 must be conceded that Mr. Morton was the first American mer- 
 chant of this township as well as of the county. The first field of 
 wheat was sown in 1824 by Wm. and Alvin Cross. Benj. Wood- 
 ruff kept the first hotel as well as grist-mill at the Grove. Robert 
 Fleming built the first saw-mill in 1825, in what is now Ann 
 Arbor. John Bryan constructed the first bridge over the Huron 
 in 1827. Abel Millington constructed a saw-mill at Snow's Land- 
 ing, or Rawsonville, in 1826. Lyman Graves erected a saw-mill 
 on Paint creek in 1829. 
 
 Jonathan G. Morton, referring to his early settlement here, differs 
 from the generally accepted opinion, that Major Woodruff was the 
 first settler. If the first house-builder and first resident constitute 
 a first settler the honor belongs to Woodruff and not to John Bry- 
 ant. He says: — 
 
TP8ILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1101 
 
 " In the month of August, 1824, I came to Ypsilanti from De- 
 troit. At that time there was no road between these places, and I 
 traveled on foot by way of Flat Eock, following an Indian trail. 
 The first settlement in the township of Ypsilanti was at a grove 
 about a mile below the present city, and it was called Woodruff's 
 Grove. When I arrived, there were six log houses at the Grove, oc- 
 cupied by the following persons: Benjamin Woodruff, Robert 
 Stitt, Leonard Miller, Jason Cross, John Bryant and John Barney. 
 Where the city now stands there were two shanties constructed, of 
 poles and occupied by George Hall and John Stewart. 
 
 " John Bryant and Daniel Cross were the first settlers at the 
 Grove, and I think were the first in this county. The first white 
 child born in the county was a son of John Bryant, and he being 
 the first was named Alpha. The first death was a young Irishman 
 from Ireland, who died in 1824, at the Grove. I brought some 
 dry-goods to Detroit in 1824, and in the spring of 1825 transferred 
 them to Ypsilanti. They were taken down the Detroit river to 
 the Huron river, and poled up the Huron in a small boat. I think 
 these were the first goods brought into this county, except such 
 goods as were brought in to sell to the Indians when there was an 
 Indian trading-post at this place. I opened a small store in com- 
 pany with Aretus Belden, who came to Ypsilanti with me. I had 
 previously purchased two village lots for f 5 each. 
 
 " The next day after my first arrival at Ypsilanti I came to Ann 
 Arbor on foot, and followed an Indian trail. There were then only 
 two log houses in Ann Arbor, situated near the creek that crosses 
 Huron street. Walker Rumsey and John Allen occupied these 
 houses. Oliver Whitmore and Mr. Maynard (lather of Wm. S. and 
 John W- Maynard) then lived at Mallett's creek, between Ann 
 Arbor and Ypsilanti. About that time Deacon Carpenter, Mr. 
 Parsons and Samuel McDowell settled there. 
 
 " The first party with dancing that occurred among the earliest 
 settlers of Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor combined was at Mr. Rumsey's, 
 in Ann Arbor. The young people of Ypsilanti, on or about the 
 Ist of January, 1826, got up a sleigh-ride for thepurpose of making 
 Ann Arbor a visit. It was good sleighing, but there was only one 
 sleigh in the vicinity, and this had been brought from the State of 
 New York. The balance of the company went in 'jumpers ' made 
 of poles. This company, on arriving at Ann Arbor, stoppfed at the 
 log house occupied by Mr. Rumsey, who then kept a public house. 
 It was soon proposed to have a dance, if the necessary music could 
 be obtained. It was soon ascertained that John Allen's father was 
 the man for the occasion. He owned a violin, and could produce 
 the music in good style. He was then an old man, with locks as 
 white as snow. He was induced to come over to Rumsey's and 
 play for this party. Among others, there were present at the party: 
 William and Alvin Cross ^nd their two sisters, Olive and Almira 
 Gorton, Catherine and Hannah Rosencrans, Aretus Belden, Andrew 
 McKinstry, Jonathan G. Morton, J. Whitmore and his sister Vu- 
 
1102 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 nus, and Mr. Dexter, afterward well known as Judge Dexter. The 
 latter had been to Dexter and was on his way back to Detroit, and 
 had stopped at Mr. Kumsey's for the night. A number of the set- 
 tlers of Ann Arbor were present, and a good, jolly time was had. 
 All felt that it was good for them to be there. Society was then 
 a unit, and everybody was welcome. There were no fashionable 
 cliques, and people were esteemed rather for their good deportment 
 and industry, than for the value of their wardrobes and the number 
 of flounces they wore. The dancing was up stairs; a long table, 
 upon which was spread an excellent supper, monopolized most of 
 the room below. A lasting impression was left on the guests from 
 Ypsilanti, that Mrs. Rumsey was an excellent landlady and cook, 
 and that Mr. Rumsey was a man of more than ordinary intelligence, 
 and that he knew how to keep a hotel." 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE NAME. 
 
 The first part of the following paper was addressed to the writer 
 and compiler of this historical sketch; but the name of him who 
 deserves credit for the compilation was not given. He says: 
 
 " So much has been said, written and printsd,on the mooted ques- 
 tion of the origin of the name Ypsilanti, that I have thought I 
 might help, with the aid of dates and letters before me, to confirm 
 Mr. J. Morton's statement of recollections concerning it. He is 
 undoubtedly correct as regards the early owners of the soil, these 
 men having purchased of the earlier French claimants — Godfroy, 
 Pepin, Le Chambre and others. John Stewart and William Har- 
 wood were living here when wearrived in June, 1828. Mr. Morton 
 also mentions Mr. John Bryan and family, as among the earliest 
 settlers at the grove. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bryan were personal 
 friends of mine, and were true, reliable persons. We found them 
 here in 1828; were intimate during the years of their residence 
 here, and have corresponded since their removal to Constantine, in 
 this State, where Mrs. Bryan is still living. In aletter received not 
 long since she alludes to the mistake of Mr. John Geddes in suppos- 
 ing the name of the town was given by ' Major ' Woodrufi^ She 
 says he had at that time no interest in the new village, his home 
 and interest being a short distance below, at Woodrufif's Grove; that 
 he, with many others, as Mr. Morton states, wished the town to be 
 called Waterville. At the preliminary meeting Mrs. Bryan says 
 her husband always opposed it, and took sides with Judge A. B. 
 Woodward, one of the first judges of the infant Territory, and who 
 had the honor of giving his name to its first code of laws. This was 
 called the ' Woodward Code ' and was signed by Governor Hull, 
 and the two judges, Augustus B. Woodward and Frederic Bates. 
 
 "His influence finally prevailed, to secure the name of Ypsilanti. 
 Early in 1825, the same year. Congress passed an act giving power 
 to the Governor and Council to divide the Territory into town- 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1103 
 
 ships, to incorporate the same, and to provide for the election of 
 officers, etc. 
 
 " The story of the Greek revolution had reached our shores as 
 early as 1823, and the most harrowing accounts of suiferings and 
 destitution of the Greeks reached this country. The inhabitants of 
 the Eastern towns and cities were aroused ; meetings were called, 
 the women were enlisted in the work, and clothing and much pro- 
 vision gathered. A vessel was chartered, and Dr. Howe, of Eoston, 
 was sent in charge of the distribution in 1824. Foremost among 
 the patriots of this time were the noble Princely family of Ypsi- 
 lanti, of whom a few facts are here appended. 
 
 " Constantine, born in 1760, in Constantinople, conspired to free 
 Greece, was pardoned, and died in Kiev, Russia. His sons, Alexan- 
 der and Demetrius, distinguished themselves in the Russian service. 
 In 1820 Alexander took the leadership to promote the independence 
 of Greece; in 1821 he surrendered to Austria and remained a pris- 
 oner for six years. He was finally released in 182T by the interpo- 
 sition of ^Nicholas, of Russia, but with health hopelessly destroyed. 
 He died the following year. His younger brother, Demetrius Ypsi- 
 lanti, joined the insurrection in 1821; took part in the siege of 
 Tripolitza, which he carried by storm in October, but was repulsed 
 at Nauplia in December. In June, 1822, he was chosen President 
 of the National Assembly. Met with varying successes; but in July 
 distinguished himself by audaciously holding the citadel of Argos 
 with 300 men and three days' provisions, against a three days' 
 siege, from an army of 30,000 men. The Greeks having exhausted 
 their scanty supplies cautiously withdrew during the night and 
 forced their way through the Turkish lines without losing a man. 
 In 1823 he withdrew from public life, but in June, 1825, opposed, 
 successfully Ibrahim Pacha, at the Mills of Lerni. In 1826 he 
 opposed receiving a "protectorate" from England. In 1828 he 
 was made commander of the troops in Eastern Greece. In April, 
 1832, he was chosen one of the seven commissioners, and held that 
 office until his death. His sister, Maria Ypsilanti, with patriotism 
 equal to his own, gave her dowry, worth $150,000, to aid her suffer- 
 ing country. With such associations as these may we not rejoice 
 in the firmness of Judge Woodward in giving to our town the hon- 
 ored name of ' Ypsilanti ,' instead of the unmeaning ' Waterville.' 
 
 "Aside from the sentiment connected with the name we may con- 
 gratulate ourselves that its five consonants will always hinder it from 
 being a popular title. While Pennsylvania rejoices in the posses- 
 sion of seven Danvilles, the whole United States has but one Ypsi- 
 lanti. 
 
 "The following extract from an old Detroit • Tribune shows the 
 different ways Ypsilanti was spelled upon the envelopes of letters 
 which passed through the division distributing postoffice during 
 six months in the early settlement of Washtenaw county: 
 
 "'We know of no better standpoint to witness and weigh tho 
 general stupidity of mankind than is possessed by the aif''</i(S 
 
1104 
 
 niSTORT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of our larger postoffices. The specimens of chirographical, ortho- 
 graphical and syntactical blunders that daily tax and puzzle their 
 ingenious faculties, are always marvelous and sometimes mirac- 
 ulous. Through the kindness of some of the gentlemen connected 
 with our own postoffice, we are enabled to lay before our readers a 
 number of more ludicrous and novel occurrences, that occasionally 
 vary the monotonous routine of duty, which may prove amusing if 
 not edifying. 
 
 " ' 'So one can appreciate the labor of making-up mails until he 
 understands the great difficulty of determining from the envelopes 
 the destination of the enclosure. The percentage of letters 
 properly directed is small, and that of those decently written is 
 still less. Foreign letters especially distort the names of American 
 postoffices into the most unearthly shapes, so that only a perception, 
 sharpened by long practice, could detect the semblance. As an 
 example we give the following list of the various methods in which 
 the word 'Ypsilanti' has been spelled upon the envelopes of let- 
 ters passing through our postoffice during the past six months, 
 taken down by Mr. Cargill, in charge of the Michigan Division of 
 our distribution postoffice : 
 
 Tplanthropi. 
 
 Ipsileindi. 
 
 Ypseylantia. 
 
 Upsylanti. 
 
 Epoilante . 
 
 Ipsalantia. 
 
 Ipsolanty. 
 
 Bipsly-Lanty. 
 
 Ipcliontia. 
 
 eypsssillianty. 
 
 Eyspialanti. 
 
 Ypasyllanti. ' 
 
 ABsa Lanty. 
 
 Hipaalantie . 
 
 Ipsylanta. 
 
 IPseylunty. 
 
 Epsolynny. 
 
 Epcilantia. 
 
 Eplonsay. 
 
 Ibcelandie. 
 
 Ippsylanta. 
 
 Ippes Landing. 
 
 Epcilanti. 
 
 Upslantei. 
 
 Hypailantean. 
 
 Ipsillanti. 
 
 Yipshulanty. 
 
 Apsalanta. 
 
 Lipslantic. 
 
 Gyselantio. 
 
 Eybsylandy. 
 
 Fypislantia. 
 
 Hypisalianty . 
 
 ipsloty. 
 
 IPis-lanta. 
 
 Gypsslante. 
 
 Yplantie. 
 
 Yeplanpha. 
 
 Clypsalanta. 
 
 Ypt-zy-luntia. 
 
 Hypsilanthen. 
 
 Ypslnaty. 
 
 Wipsilanti. 
 
 lepcilunta. 
 
 Ypisylvania. 
 
 Ipsciluntun. 
 
 W. Y. Pslanty. 
 
 Hipslyanty. 
 
 ipsalantie. 
 
 Yulomtice. 
 
 Ypa-i Landtine. 
 
 I ppalanty. 
 
 lipaalinta. 
 
 Whipcalentia. 
 
 I bseliny. 
 
 Hypalenti. 
 
 E Ypcaluntia. 
 
 ieplantice. 
 
 Ibselandie. 
 
 I seland. 
 
 Ebsalanda. 
 
 Iscpylantia. 
 
 Ippsaalantia. 
 
 Wyphaorlanter.' " 
 
 The following reminiscences of Mr. Ezra Lay are interesting and 
 valuable: The first visit of that pioneer to Michigan was in the 
 month of May, 1822. He landed in Detroit from the steamboat 
 Henry Clay, and after spending a few hours in Detroit, came out 
 on the Chicago road to Ypsilanti, and crossed the plains east of 
 Ypsilanti, little thinking then that he should spend over forty 
 years of his life a resident of those plains. From Ypsilanti he 
 went to Geddes on tiie Huron river, and thence to Ann Arbor, by 
 following the Indian trail near the river. After looking round 
 Ann Arbor he started the next morning for Salem and stopped 
 over night with an old acquaintance. Passing through what is 
 now jSTorthville, he found a small improvement and one house 
 there. Most of the way from Ann Arbor to Pontiac was then a 
 wilderness, with a few settlers just making a beginning in the 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1105 
 
 woods. After leaving Pontiac he went to Detroit, and took the 
 steamboat Superior for Buffalo. 
 
 THE GREAT NUESEEY. 
 
 In the month of May, 1833, he returned to Michigan, for the 
 purpose of establishing a nursery; and after traveling through 
 Washtenaw„Jackson, Calhoun, Kalamazoo, and St. Joseph counties, 
 arrived at Ypsilanti, and located a place for a nursery on the farm 
 where he resides, and returned to Western New York. In the fall 
 of 1833 his brother, Z. K. Lay, and himself, came again to Michi- 
 gan, and brought with them about 25,000 cultivated fruit trees, 
 consisting of apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, etc., 
 together with a large variety of shrubbery. It was the first nursery 
 of cultivated fruits of all kinds, started in Michigan . In the fall 
 of 1834 was built a small green-house which was the first green- 
 house in the Territory that there is any knowledge of. For the 
 first few years of residence in Michigan, the roads a part of the 
 way from Ypsilanti to Detroit were almost impassable. Two and 
 a half days have been spent in making that journey with a team, 
 and only half a common wagon load at that. The wolves used to 
 howl around the plains the first few years, and one night attacked 
 a calf on what is now a part of the Lay farm, leaving the calf minus 
 a tail. 
 
 METEOES AND WOLVES, IN 1833. 
 
 In November, 1833, the celebrated meteoric shower (or falling 
 stars, as commonly called) occurred, and a man living just east of 
 the Ypsilanti plains happened to be up and saw it. He was very 
 much frightened, thinking the end of the world was near at hand. 
 It being a bright, moonlight night he started for the tavern about 
 a mile from where he lived, and when he got about half way there he 
 met a drove of wolves in the road. They commenced howling and 
 he was more frightened than ever. The noise he and the wolves 
 made aroused those in the neighborhood, and they afterwards 
 ■declared they could not tell which made the most noise, he or the 
 wolves. But the wolves gave him the disputed territory, and he 
 got to the tavern where, it is presumed, he felt more safe. 
 
 THE WOLF HUNT. 
 
 In the winter of 1835 the citizens of Ypsilanti, together with 
 those of the town of Ypsilanti , and a part of Superior, got up a 
 wolf hunt in the town of Van Buren, in Wayne county, and after 
 surrounding a piece of land southeast of what is now Dentonville 
 succeeded in killing some seven or eight deer but no wolves. 
 Speaking of this hunt Benjamin Emerick states that the tract of 
 country surrounded was much more extensive than the description 
 of it by Mr. Lay would lead one to suppose. 
 
1106 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW OOTJNTT. 
 
 OBGANIC. 
 
 Immediately after the settlement of Woodruff's Grove, when the 
 people sought for municipal organization, Major Woodruff was 
 appointed the first Justice of the Peace, the first Sheriff and the 
 first Postmaster in the county. The Territorial Governor ap- 
 pointed other officers, and ultimately approved abill attaching the 
 district to Wayne county for judicial purposes. Abel Milling- 
 ton was the first Supervisor, receiving the entire vote of the town- 
 ship, which, in 1827, numbered 59. Subsequently, under authority 
 of the Legislative act of 1827, the four eastern townships were 
 detached from Ann Arbor township, and organized nnder the 
 name of Ypsilanti. The first township meeting was held at Mc- 
 Kinstry's Hotel, where the Worden Block now stands. Dr. Abel 
 Millington was elected Supervisor with Asa Reading, Township 
 Clerk. The following is a copy of the act: 
 
 That all that part of the county of Washtenaw included in the surveyed town 
 ships 1, 3, 3 and 4 south, in range 7 east of the base line, shall be a township by the 
 name of Ypsilanti, and the first township meeting be held at the house of Andrew 
 McKinstry in said township. 
 
 That all the remaining part of township number 4 south, of range 6 east, and 
 sections numbered 35, 36, 25, 26, 33, 34, and the south half of sections 13 and 14,. 
 in township 3 south, in range 6 east, be set off and form a part of the township of 
 Ypsilanti : Provided, That nothing in this act shall affect the assessment and col- 
 lection of taxes heretofore assessed in the township of Ann Arbor. 
 
 Ypsilanti township, as constituted by this act, embraced the 
 district now forming the four eastern townships of tlie county, viz.: 
 Salem, Superior, Ypsilanti and Augusta. 
 
 SUPEEVISOKS OF THE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 J. W. Van Cleve 1853-54 Charles Shier 1860 
 
 Erotus Morton 1855 E. D. Lay 1861-5 
 
 Delos Showerman 1856 George .Jarvis 1866 
 
 H. Compton 1857 E. D. Lay 1867-8 
 
 J. W. Van Cleve 1858 W. Irving Yeackley 1869-78 
 
 E. D. Lay 1859 Albert R. Graves 1879-80 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICEES FOR 1880-1. 
 
 Albert R. Graves, Supervisor; Alonzo E. Ford, Town Clerk; 
 Ditmus Y. Harris, Town Treasurer ; J. Evarts Smith, Benjamin D. 
 Loomis, Peter D. Martin, W. Irving Yeackley, Justices of the 
 Peace; Frederick A. Graves, Drain Com.; Eugene M. Gardner,. 
 School Inspector; Edwin C. Warner, School Superintendent; B. D. 
 Loomis, Highway Commissioner; Hiram Eaton, George Clow, 
 Constables. 
 
 The number and valuation of the school-houses of this township 
 are as follows: No. 1, $800 ; No. 2, $1,300; No. 3, $350; No. 4, 
 $1,800; No. 5, $300; No. 6, $1,600; No. 1, $1,500; No. 8, $2,000 > 
 total value, $9,650. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWKSHIP. HOT 
 
 rPSn,ANTI CITY. 
 
 In the completion of this sketch of Ypsilanti, the vahiable 
 papers prepared by Mrs. Alvin Cross, Mrs. Finlay, Jonathan Mor- 
 ton, John Geddes, Alvin Cross and S. M. Cutcheon have been made 
 the basis of information. The members of the Pioneer Committee, 
 Messrs. Chauncey Joslin, Benjamin Thompson and Wm. Watling, 
 have made very important additions to all that had been already 
 written. Dr. F. K. Eexford, whose intimate association with the 
 village of former days, as well as with the city of the present, sug- 
 gested many items for the history. F. P. Bogardos, in his precise 
 paper on the banking houses of the past and present, contributed 
 to render the labors of the writer light in this connection. To 
 Frank Joslin, City Clerk, is due, in a great measure, the accuracy 
 of the list of village and city officers. W. 0. Hawkins, Mrs. Perry 
 and Benjamin Emerick have given the information on which the 
 history of the old and new hotels is based. In a word, every eftbrt 
 has been made to collect material for a full history of the city. 
 The old settlers displayed a desire to co-operate with the compiler, 
 and it is hoped that the result of their valuable suggestions and the 
 wish of the writer to be accurate and impartial, will render this 
 historical sketch worthy of the people of whom it has been written, 
 and fully satisfactory to the people of the county, to whom the vol- 
 ume is dedicated. 
 
 A DESCRIPTION. 
 
 The city is beautifully situated on the Huron, which river enters 
 it at the northwestern angle, flows southeast, and forms an expan- 
 sion west of the northern limits of what now is known as the east 
 side of the city. The expansion may be said to extend as far south 
 as Mill street or Forest avenue bridge, where the river returns to 
 its original channel, and takes a southerly course. At the foot of 
 Follett street it enters on a southeastern course, and again between 
 that point and Independence island, forms a semi-circular curve ;^ 
 from the head of this island to Race street bridge a complete curve 
 is made, so that both half circles, the one beginning at ISorth street 
 on the east liank, the other ending at Race street on the west bank, 
 form an S. From the latter points it flows through its tortuous 
 channel in a southeasterly direction to the city limits. The river 
 with its expansions and dams, assumes at this point an appearance 
 peculiarly agreeable. Here is a great industry, there a milldam 
 era race, there a bridge, there a residence, on each bank half a 
 city; on every side evidences of comparative prosperity. Along 
 the west bank are the dwellings of D. L. Quirk, L. A. Barnes, G-. 
 W. Lee, John Starkweather, Cornelius Cornwell, Wm. B. Clark, 
 Wm. Wortley, Mrs. McAndrews, Chauncey Joslin and S. Wortley; 
 on the east bank, the dwellings of Pluto Ferrier, Wells Burt, 
 Charles Seigmond, A. H. Smith, Charles Ferrier and Mrs. C. P. 
 
1108 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Worden; while rising gradually higher and higher are seen the 
 stately mansions of modern times, the school' building of the city, 
 the churches, the domed Opera House, and the hundred modern 
 buildings dedicated to the strength and health of the country, — 
 trade. 
 
 A village which boasted of 121 dwelling-houses in 1837 now 
 counts them by hundreds, if not by thousands. Then shaded 
 streets, sidewalks, splendid buildings, did not exist; now they are 
 present, rendering Ypsilanti a little city of beauty, a town for 
 which nature and artifice labored. The streets are comparatively 
 regular. With the exception of Congress, from Adams to the 
 river, a few blocks on Washington, and two on Huron streets, 
 devoted to commercial business, the west side is given up to private 
 residences, beautiful gardens, green parterres, and shaded streets. 
 
 Long years before Surveyor Brookfield platted the village, the 
 rude log house of the French traders stood beside the Pottawatomie 
 trail, and thus was the first house erected here. From that rude 
 beginning how has the place advanced! The logs of the old 
 buildings were removed before many of the old settlers came to 
 seek the former home of Godfrey. Later, the visitor of olden 
 times came to view the den of the counterfeiters, or, perhaps, hunt 
 the deer on the untenanted lands beyond the river; but the den 
 was turned into an ordinary sand hole, and the deer had fled to 
 districts yet unapproached by the American pioneer. Every rem- 
 nant of the Indian's and Frenchman's occupation died out within 
 a brief space of time after the pioneers arrived, the face of the val- 
 ley was changed, the wigwam and the traders' hut gave place to 
 the settlers' log cabin or the merchants' frame store, and those, in 
 time, gave way before progress, until now a city looms up over the 
 ruins of primitiveness. 
 
 godfeot's trading post. 
 
 Reierence after reference has been made to the Godfrey trading 
 post; many naming its exact location, and as many reaching wide 
 of the mark. To settle this point forever, Jonathan G. Morton and 
 others have been consulted. Mr. Morton, whose connection with 
 the early mercantile interest of the Godfroy settlement renders 
 him an authority on such a question, states emphatically that during 
 the year 1825 one McCloskey, a son-in-law of Godfrey's, with a 
 band of 20 fellow trappers called at his store, situate at the north- 
 west corner of Huron and Pearl streets. Before leaving, McClos- 
 key pointed out the ruins of the old trading post; the entire party 
 visited it and pointed out to Mr. Morton the charred logs, which 
 formed the walls of the cellar. During their later visits, the old 
 trappers of the Huron never failed to make a pilgrimage to that 
 cellar. He is also inclined to believe that the trading post was 
 burned between the years 1812 and 1815, and, further, that the 
 logs and fragments of bark roof as seen by Mrs. Cross and others 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1109 
 
 formed the remains of a temporary trading house, built by Godfrey 
 and company about the fall of 1815, after the war. This house 
 stood directly north of the Arcade Block. 
 
 THE STORT OF EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 Ypsilanti city was founded by John Stewart in the summer and 
 fall of 1824, on the north French claim. On the first of June, 1825, 
 the Detroit and Chicago road was surveyed by the United States 
 surveyors under Orange Risdon, through what is now Ypsilanti 
 city. The line of said road was then made the base of Ypsilanti. 
 When it struck the section line between sections 9 and 10, it took 
 a, due west course until about one-tourth mile west of the Huron 
 river, where it took a southwestern direction. Shortly after the lay- 
 ing out of this road, John Stewart, Augustus Brevoort Wood- 
 ward and Wm. W. Harwood made a plat of the village — Stewart 
 and Woodward on the west, and Harwood on the east. Mr. Har- 
 wood had previously secured the property of Eli Kellogg in 1824. 
 Each of the proprietors had a name for the village. Judge Wood- 
 ward's choice prevailed, and so the place was called Ypsilanti, after 
 the Greek general. Woodward at this time owned the Godfroy 
 ■claim 690, containing 612 acres. The line of the Chicago road 
 struck the northeast corner of Woodward's land, where it crossed 
 the river; but as the line of the French claim runs 17° south of 
 west, it soon struck Stewart's south line. Woodward resided at 
 Detroit during this time; Stewart and Harwood were residents of 
 the proposed village. The former was a native of Seneca Co., N. 
 Y. He sold out in 1831 to Jason Cross, and traveled westward. 
 Judge Woodward disposed of his lands to Judge Larzelere, went to 
 Florida and died. Wm. W. Harwood remained for some years, 
 sold out to John Gilbert, moved into Pittsfield, and there closed 
 his career. 
 
 On the right bank of the Huron and north of the French claims, 
 on section 5, Josiah Kosencranz bought from the general Govern- 
 ment 114 acres, May 10, 1825. Hiram W. Johns purchased 66 
 acres, north of Harwood's location, on section 9, this being the 
 southeast fractional quarter of section 4. Henry Burlingame 
 bought a quarter section May 23, 1825. The northeast quarter of 
 section 4, containing 160 acres, was purchased by Ezra Mead, 
 April 25, 1825; while Major Woodruff bought a tract of 3T acres 
 adjoining Harwood's land in section 16. In September, 1825, 
 David De Forest Ely and Jonathan T. Ely established a store at 
 ^'Woodruff's Grove." Early in 1826 they transferred their busi- 
 ness to Ypsilanti, and jn August of that year moved to Ann Arbor, 
 and there built a two-story frame house in 1827, on the corner of 
 Main and Ann streets. As merchants they were unsuccessful, and 
 left the State early in 1829. 
 
 The first store-keepers were Jonathan G. Morton and Erastus 
 Belden, who established their houses here in June, 1825, and also 
 
1110 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 carried on the business of blacksmithing at Ypsilanti. Mr. Mor- 
 ton's day-book, as well as other books, are in his possession still. 
 
 Moses Clark, a hard-shell Baptist preacher, is said to have 
 preached the first sermon in Ypsilanti in the summer of 1825. 
 
 John Stewart, jr., died near Battle Creek, Jan. 29, 1881. He is 
 said to have been at one time part owner of the land on which 
 Ypsilanti now stands, and to have laid out the original village. 
 He deeded the city a park, as it is said, on condition that it be 
 used or no other purpose. However, it was otherwise used, and a 
 report has gained credence that his heirs are instituting a suit to 
 recover the property. Mr. Stewart has 21 brothers and sisters, and 
 lived on the farm where he died for nearly 40 years. 
 
 VILLAGE OKGANIZATION. 
 
 As early as 1829 the township of Ypsilanti was organized, under 
 authority of a Legislative enactment approved Oct 1, 1829. Three 
 years later the villagers of Ypsilanti assembled within the shop of 
 John Bryan, to carry out the provisions of another Legislative 
 enactment, which provided for the organization of their village. 
 This meeting was held Sept. 3, 1832, and resulted in the return of 
 John Gilbert as Village President; E. M. Skinner, Village Ee- 
 corder; Ario Pardee, Village Treasurer; and Abel Millington, 
 Mark Morris, Thomas R. Brown, James Vanderbilt, Walter B. 
 Hewitt, Village Trustees. The transactions of this corporation, 
 and indeed of all its successors, were of a most simple character. 
 Committees were appointed to supervise the various improvements 
 resolved upon by the council. These committees are said to have 
 faithfully performed their duties, the village recorder issued orders 
 to the village creditors, the treasurer accepted and paid such orders, 
 and here the labors of this little municipal organization ceased. 
 For years the people were satisfied with the order of affairs; but, at 
 length, discontent entered the village, and those inhabitants of the 
 east side sought a divorce from their Western friends, because it 
 appeared to them that much of the tax collected on the east side 
 was expended in improving the west side. As recently as the 
 year preceding the incorporation of Ypsilanti as a city, the State 
 Legislature passed an act enabling the township treasurer to collect 
 the village taxes, thus abolishing the office of treasurer in the vil- 
 lage. The act of incorporation of 1858 remedied all this disaffec- 
 tion; a city was organized lauder a mayor and 10 aldermen. To 
 this assembly was applied the motto, " Plus sages que les sages," 
 because its administration was characterized by wisdom, and its 
 meetings by propriety. , 
 
 Some time prior to the granting of a city charter, that portion of 
 the old village lying east of the Huron was organized as the village 
 of East Ypsilanti, with its own president and trustees; however, 
 when the proposition to unite under a city government was made, 
 the people of the east village were among its strongest supporters. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 
 OFFICERS OF THE VILLAGE FROM 1832 TO 1857. 
 
 1111 
 
 YEAB 
 
 1832 
 
 1833 
 
 1834 
 
 1835 
 
 1836 
 
 1837 
 
 1838 
 
 1839 
 
 1840 
 
 1841 
 
 1842 
 
 1843 
 
 1844 
 
 1845 
 
 1846 
 
 1847 
 
 1848. 
 
 1849 
 
 1850 
 
 1851 
 
 1853 
 
 1853 
 
 1854 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 PRESIDENTS. 
 
 John Gilbert. 
 John Gilbert. 
 Abel Godard. 
 Abel Godard. 
 Grove Spencer. 
 Henry Compton. 
 Abram Voorhees. 
 Levi J. Hull. 
 Walter B. Hewitt. 
 Abram Voorhees. 
 Abram Voorhees. 
 Abraham Craddock 
 Thomas M. Town. 
 C. H. Van Cleve. 
 0. H. Van Cleve. 
 Arden H. Ballard. 
 Arden H. Ballard. 
 Arden H. Ballard. 
 Geo. M. Osborn. 
 Geo. M. Osborn. 
 Delos Showerman. 
 Delos Showerman. 
 Delos Showerman. 
 Delos Showerman. 
 Arden H. Ballard. 
 Arden H. Ballard. 
 
 EE00BDEE8. 
 
 E. M. Skinner. 
 E. M. Skinner. 
 Marcus Lane. 
 Grove Spencer. 
 W. A. Buckbee. 
 Jas. M. Edmunds. 
 6- Thomp. Gridley. 
 G. Thomp. Gridley, 
 G. Thomp. Gridley 
 Abner A. Wells. 
 C. Joslin. 
 L. C. Miles. 
 Delos Showerman. 
 Wm. B. Martin. 
 Newton Edmunds. 
 Newton Edmunds. 
 G. R. King. 
 Otis H. Lee. 
 Otis H. Lee. 
 Otis H. Lee. 
 M. A. Parks. 
 M. A. Parks. 
 M. A. Parks. 
 M. A. Parks. 
 M, A. Parks. 
 M. A. Parks. 
 
 TEEA8URBES. 
 
 Ario Pardee. 
 Ario Pardee. 
 Ario Pardee. 
 Ario Pardee. 
 Ario Pardee. 
 Ario Pardee. 
 W. B. Hewitt. 
 W. B. Hewitt. 
 Madison Cook. 
 Madison Cook. 
 John McCready. 
 John McCready. 
 Charles Moore. 
 Daniel Larzelere. 
 C. H. Van Cleve. 
 George R. King. 
 Geo. M. Osborn. 
 Geo. M. Osborn. 
 Wm. A. Heartt. 
 Stowel H. Demick. 
 Stowel H. Demick. 
 Stowel H. Demick. 
 Stowel H. Demick. 
 Stowel H. Demick. 
 Stowel H. Demick. 
 Stowel H. Demick. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES OF A CITY. 
 
 Ypsilanti contains within its limits many beautiful gardens. The 
 improved lands of the city comprise 398 acres; the, unimproved 
 120, aggregating 418 acres. However strange it may appear to 
 the people of the future, it has to be recorded, that within the city 
 proper no less than 18 acres were given to wheat culture in 1876, 
 and 60 acres in 1880. The total product of the former year is set 
 down at 490 bushels, or a fraction over 27 bushels per acre. The 
 corn-fields of the city covered 38 acres in 1879, and the oat-fields 
 24. In the former case 2,470 bushels were reported, and in the 
 latter 590 bushels. The kitchen gardens given up to potato cult- 
 ure occupied seven acres, and produced 445 bushels. The grass 
 lands of the city covered 34 acres and yielded 35 tons of hay. The 
 competing city of Ann Arbor exhibits even more of this rus-in-urle 
 appearance; but the period is fast approaching when these fields 
 will be hidden beneath the crowded buildings of industrial centers. 
 Let the motto of this city be quod petis hio est. Its advance rests 
 with its citizens now. Nature has acted her part. 
 
 CLOSING YEARS OF THE VILLAGE COUNCIL. 
 
 The common council of the village of Ypsilanti convened at the 
 office of I). B. Dodge, Oct. 12, 1834, when Delos Showerman took 
 his seat as President of the common council, with M. A. Parks as 
 
1112 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Eecorder. On July 9, 1855, at a meeting held at Hewitt's Hall^ 
 there were elected I). Showerman as President, and M. A. Parks 
 as Recorder. In 1856 Arden H. Ballard was elected President, 
 with M. A. Parks Recorder. The election of 1857 resulted in 
 the return of Messrs. Ballard and Parks to fill the positions held 
 by them the previous year. 
 
 A charter, approved Feb 4, 1858, conferred upon the village all 
 the privileges of a city. This was revised Feb. 15, 1859, wholly 
 revised in 1869, and again, in 1877, subjected to a total revision. 
 
 riKST MEETING OF ALDEEMEN. 
 
 The old village council convened for the last time in 1858, at 
 the call of the last Village President, A. H. Ballard, who presented 
 Hon. Chauncey Joslin, the first Mayor, and the Aldermen elect to 
 the people. Mr. Joslin having taken the chair, the roll of alder- 
 men was called : James M. Chidister and Isaac Crane, 1st ward; 
 Parmenie Davis and Philip Eddington, 5th ward; Philo Ferrier 
 and Benj. Follett, 4th ward; David Edwards and Robert Lambie^ 
 2d ward; Charles Stuck and A. S. "Welch, 3d ward, answered 
 their names. The city elected two aldermen for each ward and 
 the entire number was present, with John McCready, Clerk 
 Martello Warner, City Marshal ; Charles H. Tisdale, City Auditor 
 Thomas Ninde, City Attorney ; Dr. C. F. Ashley, Health Physi 
 cian; Benj. Clark, Treasurer. 
 
 This city council ordered that a city hall be erected, and in 1859' 
 the present building near Cross street bridge was dedicated as th& 
 council chamber of the city. 
 
 The first meeting of the city council was opened by prayer, and 
 the inaugural ceremony carried on in strict accord with the forms- 
 laid down for such occasions. Since that period the city has been 
 beautified in every particular. Advances have been made of which 
 the people of 40 years ago could scarcely dream, and still progress- 
 is noticeable. The people possess a justifiable ambition to excel 
 as citizens; they take a just pride in their city; they can look back 
 over the past and claim for themselves all the credit which pertains 
 to an industrious and intelligent community. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Ills 
 
 The following is a list of citizens who filled the offices of Mayor, 
 City Clerk and Treasurer since 1858: 
 
 YBAB. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 1858 
 
 Chancey Joslin. 
 Arden H Bnllarrl 
 
 1859 
 
 1860 
 
 Benj. Follet. 
 
 Dr Parnipnio Travis 
 
 1861 
 
 1863 
 
 
 1863 
 
 
 1864 
 
 
 1865 
 
 Edgar Bogardus. 
 Edgar Bogardus. 
 David Edwards. 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 
 1869 
 
 Dr. Parmenio Davis 
 
 1870 
 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 F. P. Bogardus. 
 F. P. Bogardus. 
 Watson Sayder, 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 
 1876 
 
 Lambert A. Barnes. 
 
 1877 
 
 
 1878 
 
 Thomas !N^inde 
 
 1879 
 
 Lambert A. Barnes. 
 
 1880 
 
 Ed. P. Allen. 
 
 OITT OLKKKS. 
 
 John McCready. 
 R. W. Van Fossen 
 John McCready. 
 John McCready. 
 John McCready. 
 John McCready. 
 John McCready. 
 John McCready. 
 John McCready 
 Sylvester C. Noble. 
 J, Willard Babbitt. 
 J. W. Babbitt. 
 N. K. Towner. 
 C. N. Ganson. 
 C. N. Ganson. 
 C. M. Woodruff. 
 C. M. Woodruff. 
 Frank Joslin. 
 Frank Joslin, 
 Frank Joslin, 
 Frank Joslin. 
 Frank Joslin. 
 Frank Joslin. 
 
 TRBASUEEES. 
 
 Benj. Clark. 
 J. M. Chidister. 
 Richard G. Martin. 
 Richard G. Martin. 
 Richard G. Martin. 
 David Edwards. 
 R. G. Martin. 
 F. P. Bogardus. 
 C. N. Ganson. 
 C. N. Ganson. 
 C. N. Ganson. 
 S. H. Bogardus. 
 R. W. Hemphill. 
 R. W. Hemphill. 
 R. W. Hemphill. 
 R. W. Hemphill. 
 C. N. Ganson. 
 R. W. Hemphill. 
 R. W. Hemphill. 
 F. P. Bogardus. 
 F. P. Bogardus. 
 F. P. Bogardus. 
 F. P. Bogardus. 
 
 YPSILANTI CITY SUPERVISORS. 
 
 John W. Van Cleve 1858 
 
 Enoch Yost 1859^60 
 
 H. Compton 1861 
 
 Enoch Tost 1863 
 
 Hiram Bachelder 1863-66 
 
 Charles Holmes, jr. : . 1867 
 
 Lee Yost 1868-72 
 
 Hiram Bachelder 1873 
 
 Morris N. Littlefield 1874 
 
 Hiram Bachelder 1875-76 
 
 Lee Yost .1877-78 
 
 Hkam Bachelder 1879 
 
 Lee Yost 1880 
 
 Parmenio Davis 1858 
 
 Parmenio Davis 1859 
 
 W.Millard 1860 
 
 C. H. Tisdale 1861 
 
 John Gilbert 1863-68 
 
 John P. Drake 1869-70 
 
 W. Millard 1871 
 
 Luther P. Forbes 1873-73 
 
 Andrew J. Leetch 1874-75 
 
 Martinus L. Shutts 1876-80 
 
 TPSILANTI CITY OFFICERS, 1880-'l. 
 
 Mayor, C. P. Allen; Treasurer, !P. P. Bogardus; Attorney, Chas. 
 R Whitman; Clerk, Frank Joslyn; Marshal, Alonzo H. Smith; 
 Health Ofticer, E. Batwell, M. D. 
 
 Aldermen: — First ward, George W. Kishlar, "Wm. Eobbins; 
 Second ward, Reuben D. Roys, Donald G. Fraser; Third ward, 
 Martin Cremer, Bernard Kirk; Fourth ward, F.J. Swaine, Joseph 
 Follmor; Fifth ward, John Terns, "Wm. H. Deubel. 
 
 THE FIRST SOCIETY 
 
 organized in Ypsilanti was known as the " Temperance Society of 
 Ypsilanti," the nucles of which was formed Dec. 18. 1829. 
 
1114 HI8T0EY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The society proscribed only ardent spirits. At that time Messrs. 
 E. M. Skinner, Dr. Hays, Darling, and 30 villagers enlisted them- 
 selves in the cause of abstinence, established a society and did 
 much to save the people from the drunkard's grave. Rev. I. M. 
 "Wead states that notwithstanding the efforts put forth by this 
 little band of workers in the cause of humanity, "intemperance. 
 Sabbath-breaking and profanity were awfully prevalent; the moral 
 and religious influences of the place were few and feeble." How 
 agreeably surprising is the change ! During a stay of some 
 months in the district, one is forced to conclude that the days of 
 evil have passed away, that intemperance and its accompanying 
 vices are unknown here. 
 
 A LEAF FEOM MARK NOR BIS NOTE BOOK. 
 
 In the following copy from the ])ages of Mr. Norris' diary, the 
 Ypsilanti of 1827 is briefly pictured: 
 
 July 9, 1837. — Left Buffalo on steamer Marie Antoinette, Captain Whittaker, 
 for Detroit, whicli was reached July 16, only a seven days' passage. 
 
 July 18. — After waiting a day for the stage, I started on foot for the interior. 
 Walked as far as Springwells, when I took a due west course of about six miles. 
 Crossed the Rouge, a sluggish, dark, muddy stream, with plenty of rich land on 
 either side, and rich in fever and ague too, I should judge. Traveled about 34 
 miles. Stopped all night at Andrew's Tavern on Togus Plains. 
 
 Ypsilanti, Friday 38. — Have spent most of the day in viewing the village. 
 Nature and art have combined to make it a place of business. It is situated on the 
 Huron, nine miles below Ann Arbor, and four miles above the landing, where boats 
 of twenty-tons burden arrive from the lake to unload. Land is already valued very 
 high. 
 
 Saturday, 39. — To-day bought two village lots (half an acre) for which I paid 
 $100, and returned again to Ann Arbor. 
 
 Sunday, 30. — Spent most of this forenoon in searching for a man lost in the 
 woods, and supposed to be dead. Made no discovery. There is no church and no 
 preaching here to-day. It seems to be a place for lounging and gossip. In the 
 afternoon attended a wedding and saw Mr. Higby united in " hymen's gentle bonds " 
 to Miss Ann Gorham. 
 
 Monday, July 31. — Went with Dr. W. to Saline. Find good land, but somewhat 
 broken, and I believe sickly. Returned by way of Ypsilanti, a fine country of land 
 between the Saline and Huron. 
 
 Tuesday, Ypsilanti. — This day I have been viewing the lands in the vicinity of 
 this village. Concluded to purchase within a short distance of the village. The 
 lands on the Chicago road, now being built from Detroit west, are mostly taken up 
 by speculators, and also on the river. 
 
 Aug. 5. — Staid in this village last night. This morning took a deed for the farm 
 purchased yesterday and returned to Ann Arbor. 
 
 Aug. 6. — Left Washtenaw tor Detroit. Traveled to the Rouge within six miles 
 of Detroit. Retired to bed very much fatigued, but the mosquitoes would not let me 
 sleep. They attacked on larboard and sitarboard, and raked me from ' ' stem to stern.' ' 
 I fought them until my patieaice, if not my ammunition, was exhausted, when I arose 
 and prepared for flight. Started about 13 o'clock for Detroit . The first three miles I 
 met with no incident worth mentioning, after which I was assailed by an army of 
 dogs at every house. Arriving at Detroit I went to the inn, where, after receiving 
 a long lecture from the landlord for being out at that time of night, I was permitted 
 to go to bed again, and slept until a late hour the following morning. Men, who are 
 not pioneers, are allowed in hotels now minus a landlord's lecture . 
 
UNION SCHOOL 
 
 YPSILANTl. 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1117 
 
 THE COMING OF THE BEYANS. 
 
 The Chicago road was first cut through to Ypsilanti, in advance 
 of the first ox-team, by John Bryan, who arrived in the valley of 
 the Huron, at Woodruff's, on the night of Oct. 23, 1823. Feb. 27, 
 1824, Mrs. Bryan gave birth to a son, the first white child born in 
 Washtenaw. Allen and Rumsey, two well known names in connec- 
 tion with the St. Joseph road, called the infant Alpha Washtenaw 
 Bryan. Mrs. Bryan and her son were present at the semi-centen- 
 nial meeting July 4, 1874. The old man who first entered " Wood- 
 ruff's Grove" via the new highway died at Constantine in 1871. 
 
 COEN MILLS. 
 
 For a period extending over two years , corn bread was generally 
 used, and the meal had to be prepared in a mill, which Mrs. Bryan 
 graphically describes. She says, in a letter written in 1853, 30 
 years after her arrival on the bank of the Huron : 
 
 " It was amusing, the first fall and winter, to hear the corn mills 
 in operation every morning before daylight. There were two in 
 the settlement. They were made as follows : A hole was burned 
 in the top of a sound oak stump; after scraping this clean from coal, 
 a stick about six feet long and eight inches in diameter was rounded 
 at one end, and suspended by a spring pole directly over the stump; 
 a hole was bored through this pestle for handles, and the mill was 
 done. A man would pound a peck of corn in half an hour, so that 
 half of it would pass through a sieve." 
 
 THE EIVEE KINGS. 
 
 Opposite Woodruff's G-rove, on the west side of the Huron, was 
 the settlement of the " River Kings." Within a brief period after 
 Major Woodruff's settlement, the two Hall families arrived, and, 
 locating on the opposite bank, were not slow to style themselves 
 " Kings of the River." It is said that each member of those fam- 
 ilies was peculiarly wild, if not savage. Their language was a nev- 
 er-ending blasphemy ; their presence had an effect similar to that 
 of a band of Sioux warriors. Those white wild men did not reign 
 over the district very long. As the settlers poured in, the Halls 
 were compelled to check their savage manners, and being deprived of 
 their former license to stalk over the lands, with insult on their lips 
 for every one, they sought new and more congenial homes. There 
 were others here almost as bad, among whom were the Moores and 
 Trotters. Their great boast was that they could "whip any man in 
 the country." 
 
 NAVIGATION OF THE HUEON. 
 
 On Aug. 13, 1833, a meeting was held in the village, to con- 
 sider the advisability of building a boat for its navigation. A res- 
 
 65 
 
1118 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 olution was passed to this eflfect : " That we proceed to build a 
 hoat this fall, provided we can raise money sufficient." A com 
 mittee was formed, comprising Elijah Grant, Salmon Champion 
 and Mark Norris, who asked for subscriptions to further this proj 
 ect. Elijah Grant, Isaac Otis, Henry Adams, Henry Kimmel 
 Joseph Brown, W.B. Hewitt, Abel Millington, A. Champion, Wm 
 K. Post, James Forsyth, Abner A. Wells, Edmunds and Godard 
 A. Clark, Peter Miller, Abram Yoorhees, Jason Cross, jr., Wm 
 Cross, John Gilbert, Matthew Woods, Madison Cook, Jacob Emer 
 ick, Kichard E. Morse and Mark Norris, then citizens, subscribed 
 $240. This boat was to be propelled by " setting poles,'' and built 
 in the yards of Hiram and James Ashe, at a cost of $1,334.50. The 
 proprietors called her Enterprise. She was a long, low-keeled 
 vessel, ribbed throughout, and lathed with the best oak, with bow 
 and stern decked, and a treadmill walk for the polers along each gun- 
 wale. She made several trips between Tpsilanti and Detroit, with 
 freight equivalent to 150 barrels in bulk. TWq Enterprise '^xo^^^ 
 unprofitable to her owners. L. Pratt, an officer of this vessel, wrote 
 from Detroit, to the effect that he had goods on board for S. Cham- 
 pion, jr., and Mark ISTorris ; two or three tons for Truexes, at 18 
 cents per hundred; a ton for Smooth (Flat) Bock, at 25 cents per 
 hundred ; that he was out of potatoes, and borrowed one dollar 
 from Throop and Woolsey ; that he had hired two hands, one at 
 $14 per month, and one at six shillings per day, and that he hoped 
 to get back to Johnson's, at Flat Bock, about May 23, 1834. Un- 
 der date July 8, 1834, T. E. Schoolar, of Mongoquanong, wrote to 
 the company at Ypsilanti, that he would wish to charter the En- 
 terprise, if delivered over to him at the mouth of the Huron, to- 
 gether with a sail, mast and good boatman. This letter was 
 addressed to the postmaster, with a request that the answer should 
 be " franked " to him. Mr. Schoolar's letter received very little 
 attention ; but a brick-maker at Dearborn chartered her for the 
 brick- carrying trade, between the village of the Arsenal and De- 
 troit. In December, 1834, the Enterprise was wrecked, and the 
 shareholders forgot her in their chase after new business enter- 
 prises. 
 
 Previously, and as early as 1823, flat-boats of 20-tons burden 
 came up the river as far as Bawsonville, then called the " Landing." 
 The " mariners " were men of rough but comparatively honest 
 parts, and when their leisure hours gave them an opportunity 
 of visiting Ypsilanti, they made their presence known by bois- 
 terous laughing and swearing, or a call for more whisky for the 
 boys. 
 
 An act to create slack- water navigation on the Huron was passed 
 in 1839. J. M. Edmunds and Gen. Yan Fossen employed Samuel 
 Pettibone to make a survey of the river, but after an expenditure 
 of over $1,000 the enterprise was abandoned. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1119 
 
 THE FAST MAIL. 
 
 The days of the stage have passed away, but its memory lives 
 on. Who is he, among the old settlers of this "Western village, who 
 has not experienced the delight which burned within him when 
 for the first time he learned that the Western mail would reach 
 Ypsilanti within 15 hours after its dispatch from Detroit? Few of 
 them forget the early enterprise of the villagers, when one dollar 
 bonus was offered to the drivers every time the journey would be 
 made within 16 hours. Yes, that offer was made, and faithfully 
 carried out in the many instances where the drivers earned it. N"ot 
 always could the three drivers, each with a fresh relay of horses, 
 accomplish that trip within the specified time. The first Detroit 
 and Chicago road was no easy one to travel. 
 
 INDIAN VISITORS. 
 
 The Indians may be said to have entered on their western move- 
 ment in 1818-'20, immediately after the United States survey of 
 this district. However, bands of red men visited Ypsilanti at 
 intervals to scan the works of the white men, or see their old hunt- 
 ing grounds transformed into cultivated fields. In July, 1826, 
 while the population were celebrating the glorious anniversary of 
 Independence, a Sioux band numbering 500 arrived in Ypsilanti. 
 They were en route from Chicago to Maiden in Canada, to receive 
 the blood money earned from the English Government during the 
 war of 1812. The savages remained in the village for six days, 
 during which time the settlers supplied food to the lazy rascals. 
 The great war-dance of the Sioux nation was actually held near the 
 present location of the Hawkins House. It was attended with all 
 the pomp that savage magnificence could bestow. 
 
 THE VIGILANCE COMMITTEE. 
 
 During the year 1838 many malcontents paid visits to the set- 
 tlement, committed many robberies and depredations, and created 
 a panic of no usual character. To remedy such an evil, the citizens 
 assembled at the house of Abiel Hawkins, considered well a propo- 
 sition to organize a committee of defense, and at a second meeting 
 held at Mr. Hawkin's house, Dec. 15, 1838, decided to form a soci- 
 ety known as "The Ypsilanti Vigilance Committee." The official 
 roll of this organization shows that James L. Gillis was President; 
 James M, Edmunds, Secretary, and M. Y. Hall, Treasurer. The 
 executive or directory comprised such citizens as Chauncey Joslin, 
 Mark !Norris, Abraham Sage, Marcus Lane, D. C. McKinstry, 
 Arden H. Ballard and Walter B. Hewitt. This Central Commit- 
 tee had the direction of the various orders of the society, the meet- 
 ings were of a most secret character, and the method employed for 
 bringing the guilty to justice at once practical and thorough. This 
 
1220 HI8T0KT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The senior member of the firm, George McElcheran, was bom at Seneca Falls, 
 N. Y., in 1833. He was educated at Albany, where he remained until 14 years of 
 age. He then went to Dansville, Livingston Co., N. Y., and learned the furniture 
 and undertaking business. In 1855 he came to Michigan and was in the employ of 
 David Coon, of rpsilanti, until 1862. He then entered the employ of the Great 
 Western railroad as conductor, remaining there until 1876, when he engaged in his 
 present business. Mr. McElcheran is a member of Phoenix Lodge P. & A.M., 
 and is connected with the M. E. Church. In 1855 he married Mary Bough- 
 ton, of Ypsilanti. To them have been born 3 daughters. Mr. McElcheran is al- 
 ways pleasant and friendly, and has many friends in Ypsilanti. 
 
 /. E. McKinstry, tobacconist, Ypsilanti, is a native of New York State, and 
 during the war served as a midshipman in the United States Navy. In 1867 he 
 permanently located at Ypsilanti, and in the years that have rolled by he has 
 gained a fine trade, and well deserves the success which has so abundantly 
 crowned his earnest and faithful efforts. 
 
 A. MeNicol. manufacturer of boots and shoes. Ypsilanti, was born at Glasgow 
 Scotland, in 1839, and was early apprenticed to the shoemaking trade. la 
 1868, to better his financial condition, he accordingly went to"Canada, and 
 thence to Detroit. He did military duty during the Fenian war in Canada, 
 and was afterward employed in a large boot and shoe establishment at Windsor, 
 Canada, and Romeo, Mich. In 1867 he came to Ypsilanti, and soon after invented 
 the well-known McNicol cement, and traveled and sold the county and State rights 
 for over 11 years. He was married in Ypsilanti, to Helen Treat. They have % 
 children — Jennie M. and George A. 
 
 Almn Mead was bom Oct. 6, 1822, in the State of New York. Was the son of 
 William Mead, a native of Winchester county, where Alvin was born, and from 
 which county he moved, in 1823, to Ontario county, and engaged in farming, 
 where he died March 11, 1858. 
 
 Alvin Mead came to Michigan in 1854, from the State of Ohio, New London tp., 
 and purchased 100 acres on sec. 7, where he now lives. His farm is of excellent 
 soil and all under good state of cultivation except 15 acres of timber. He married 
 Margaret Charlton, daughter of John Charlton, a farmer of Ontario county, N. Y., 
 Jan 20, 1847, and they have 3 daughters— Lottie, Frances B. and Delia E. 
 
 Joseph F. Miller, Ypsilanti, was born at Detroit, A. D.- 1845. About 1853 his 
 parents removed to Richmond, Va., where his father dealt in musical instruments. 
 In that city Mr. Miller was educated. When but 12 years of age he began to learn 
 the business of manufacturing jewelry, and later learned the trade of watch- 
 maker. He followed this business in Richmond uotil the breaking out of the 
 war, when, against his will, he was compelled to enter the Confederate service, 
 and was assigned to duty at Richmond. After the battle of Gettysburg he secured 
 a pass through the Confederate lines and came North. At Washington he was 
 arrested as a spy or dangerous person, and only after considerable difiSculty was 
 he released on a sworn parole not to go South of the Philadelphia line during the 
 war. He was in Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York city a short time, and in 
 1863 went to Detroit. In 1864 he came to this city and since that time has been 
 engaged at his trade with S. H. Dodge. In 1867 he was married to Miss Ellen J. 
 Osborn, of Ypsilanti, a daughter of George Osborn, a pioneer of this county. 
 Two sons have been born to them — George, aged ten years, and Frank, six years of 
 age, both of whom are living. 
 
 Michurd MiU'r, merchant tailor, Ypsilanti, was born in Virginia In 1824. In his 
 youth he came North, and settled at i'psilanti, where he has since resided, and 
 built up a large city and custom trade. He was married at Ann Arbor in 1855 to 
 Lucy Patten, a daughter of William Patten, a pioneer of Washtenaw county. 
 
 ^s/itev il/i'/ior, Ypsilanti, was born at Woodbury, Litchfield county. Conn., in 
 1810. His father was a farmer, and Mr. Minor was reared in that business and 
 educated in his native county. When 17 years of age he began to learn the busi- 
 ness of blacksmithing. In 1834 he went to Ohio and in 1835 came to this city. Heat once 
 started a blacksmith shopwhich he has carried on till quite recently, when on account 
 of ill health he gave it up. He is the oldest blacksmith now in the city. In poli- 
 tics he was an old line Whig, until the formation of the Republican party, since 
 when he has been a Republican. In 1841 he was married to Miss Sarah McCormick, 
 of this city, a daughter of Alexander McCormick, a pioneer of this county. To them 
 have been born 4 daughters and 3 sons, all but one of whom are living. 
 
ZPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1221 
 
 David Moore ranks among the pioneers of Washtenaw county. He was born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1795, where he grew to manhood. He received a liberal education, 
 and at an early day removed to Geneva, N. Y. In 1830 he came to Michigan, by 
 wagon conveyance, and, in connection with a Mr. Rash, purchased 80 acres of 
 Government land in Superior tp., Washtenaw county. Mr. Moore enlisted as a 
 private soldier in the war of 1812, and not long after married Abigail Randall, who 
 died June 29, 1844, and was buried in Cross cemetery, Superior tp. Eight children 
 were born to this imion, 6 of whom are living— William, Martha, James, Delilah, 
 Sarah and Samuel. In 1846 Mr. Moore married Rosanna Thompson, who died in 
 1879, leaving 2 children— Cynthia W. and Nettie R. 
 
 James C. Moore, son of Lewis Moore (deceased), was born in Lancaster Co., Pa. , 
 in 1843 ; at 12 years of age he accompanied hig parents to Ypsilanti tp. ; in 1865 en- 
 listed in Co. A, 24th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., was honorably discharged at Detroit at 
 close of war ; had charge of Moore saw-mill for several years, ultimately became 
 member of the Ann Ai-bor Agricultural works ; in 1878 bought 80 acres of land, 
 where he now resides ; is the inventor of a useful and neat windmill now in use 
 on his farm, and also of a barrel hoop-cutter, and log turner ; was married in 1873 
 to Clara Louise Kelley, who has given him 2 children — Ella J. and Sarah. 
 
 Lewis Moore (deceased) was born in Pennsylvania in 1807. In early life he 
 turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. Atthe age of 17 years he became a 
 contractor and house-builder. He was married in 1832 to Sarah H. Claffin, who 
 bore him 9 children — Eli ; Elizabeth, wife of Dr. Milton Chase of Otsego, Mich. ; 
 George, who resides in Augusta tp. ; Emily, wife of B. D. Kelley ; Martha, who re- 
 sides oa the old homestead ; James ; Lewis, who married Eliza Benclair, of Detroit ; 
 Martin and Persey. Mr. Moore invented the well-known Keystone Grain Drill, 
 and in 1854 settled on a farm on sec. 34, of Ypsilanti tp. For 16 j^ears he operated 
 a grist-mill known as the Moore Mill, during this time manufacturing agricult- 
 ural implements. He died in 1872 and lies interred in Ypsilanti tp. 
 
 Thomas A, Moore, farmer and drover, was born in Lancaster county. Pa., in 
 1842. His parents were Andrew and Hannah Moore, who were married in 1835. 
 Thomas passed his early life upon a farm. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he en- 
 listed in the 30th Reg. Pa. Militia, where he remained three months. In 1862 he 
 came to Ypsilanti, and enlisted in Co. A, 24th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and served as 
 escort at the funeral of Abraham Lincoln. At the close of the war he bought 34 
 acres of land where he now resides. He takes great interest in educational 
 matters, and assisted in the erection of Centennial school, district No. 5. He was 
 maiTied in 1867 to Eliza, daughter of Christian Helley. They have 4 children 
 — Arthur K., Ella G., Clinton and Charles L. 
 
 Oeorge Moormon, an early settler in this county, was born in Orleans county, 
 N. Y., in 1823. His parents were William D. and Elizabeth (Granger) Moormon, 
 natives of England, who settled in New York in 1820. In 1830 they located at 
 Rawsonville, Mich., where Mr. Moormon died in 1831. Mrs. M. departed this 
 life in Ionia county, Mich., in 1878, Five children survived this union. George, 
 the subject of this sketch, grew to manhood in this State, and received a liberal 
 education. In 1851 he entered into the mercantile trade, owning at the time 200 
 acres of land. In 1853 he moved to Ypsilanti, where he was successfully engaged 
 in the grocery business until 1878. He owns 540 acres of land ; in 1857, erected 
 the Spencer building ; in 1860, two stores on Congress street ; in 1866, the Arcade 
 Block, and owns 300 feet front where Hemphill, Batchelder & Co.'s bank is 
 located. He has 4 children — Mary, Carrie, Burton G. and Nellie. 
 
 Jonathan O. Morton, one of Washtenaw county's earliest settlers, was born in 
 Ware, Massachusetts, March 22, 1802. His father, Thomas Morton, was a native of 
 Massachusetts, a farmer by occupation, and died in 1804. Mr. Morton was reared 
 on a farm, and at the age of 17 years procured a horse and wagon and traveled 
 from New England to Michigan, selling "Yankee notions " along the road. He 
 arrived at Ypsilanti August, 1824, and in 1825 kept a general store, in a log cabin 
 on the coi-ner of Pearl and Huron streets, being the first store in Ypsilanti. In 
 1826 he sold out, and engaged in farming, which occupation he has since fol- 
 lowed. He resides on sec. 31. He was married in March, 1826, to Almira 
 Gorton They have 3 children — Anastatia, wife of C. D. Pritchard, of Iowa; 
 Amand,wife of J. R. Holmes, and Andalusia, wife of J. Q. A, Sessions, of Ann 
 Arbor. Mrs. Morton died at the age of 73. She was the daughter of Job Gor- 
 ton, one of the earliest pioneers of this county, who came to Ypsilanti in 1835, 
 with his family, and located a farm on Paint creek, three miles south of the vil- 
 
1222 ^ HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 lage. When the county was first organized he was one of the first Supervisors 
 of Ypsilanti, which then included Pittsfield. Mrs. Morton was well known for 
 her social qualities and general intelligence, as well as her many other noble 
 qualities and good cheer with which her many friends and acquaintances have 
 been welcomed. The old settlers, the fathers and mothers of this county, whose 
 industries and economy transformed it from a wilderness to its present honored 
 name and ])Osition, are rapidly passing over the river. We give a lengthy rem- 
 iniscence of Mr. Morton in the history of Ypsilanti. As truly worthy pioneers we 
 give the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Morton in this history. 
 
 Josiah Newell, jr., a pioneer of Washtenaw county, was born in Tompkins 
 county, N. Y., in 1815. His parents, Josiah and Esther (Bradley) Newell, settled 
 in this county about 1831. Mr. Newell was apprenticed to learn the millwright 
 trade in his 16th year, and in 1833, settled at Ypsilanti. He soon after returned 
 to the East, but in 1837, came once more to Michigan. He afterward went to 
 Walworth county. Wis., and in 1837 returned to Ypsilanti, where he was married 
 to Priscilla Chamberlain, who bore him 6 children — Solon (dec.) ; Homer ; Cicero, 
 a soldier in the late conflict, and a salesman for an extensive establishment at 
 Sioux City, Iowa ; Agnes E., a resident of Portland, Oregon ; Charles, a Bugler 
 in the civil war, and now a resident of Saginaw City, Mich., and Eva, wife of 
 Samuel Vail, a resident of Ypsilanti. Mrs. Newell died Nov. 8, 1854, and May 
 8, 1855, Mr. N. married at Bryan, O., Marj' W. Thomas, a daughter of P. R. 
 Thomas, an officer under the first Napoleon, and for many years a professor at 
 West Point. 
 
 Elliott Newton, fireman at Ypsilanti Paper-Mills, is a native of this county, and 
 was born in 1846. In his early life he was in the employ of the M. C. R. R., and 
 there gained a good practical experience in his vocation. He was married to 
 Lucy Wheeler, and 8 children have been born to them — Mary, Tracy and Luella. 
 
 James M. Nichols, an early settler in Pittsfield tp., was born in Onondaga 
 county, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1811. His parents, Jonathan P. and Keziah (Drake) 
 Nichols, emigrated to Michigan in 1833, locating 80 acres of land in Pittsfield 
 tp., and the same amount in Ypsilanti tp., where the former died, Nov. 10, 1834, 
 at the age of 57, and the latter, June 23, 1889, after reaching nearly three score 
 and ten. After his father's death, James took possession of the homestead, where 
 he remained until 1863, when he rented the farm and removed to Ypsilanti. Mr. 
 Nichols was a soldier in the State militia under Gen. Edward Clark, of Ann Ar- 
 bor, and Orderly under Capt. Horace Carpenter. He was married in 1835, to 
 Amanda Bolph, by whom he has 8 children — Vernelia, Valmore C, who runs the 
 farm, and Valnette. The}- also have an adopted child, Clara Dolph. 
 
 M((rk Norris (deceased). " The death of any established citizen held in estima- 
 tion in the communitj^ makes a pause in the rushing tide of events, and calls the 
 public mind to sei'ious reflection. But now and then one falls, full of years and 
 high in the regard of men, whose disappearance from the scene of action seems 
 to mark the close of an era in local history." Such was the departure of j\Iark 
 Norris. He was born at Peacham, Vt., in 1796, being one of a family of 14 chil- 
 dren, 8 of whom yet survive. At the age of 20 he commenced his eminently 
 useful career by removing to the " Genesee country," then the very extreme bor- 
 der of the American settlements, where he was married in 1820, and remained in 
 the business of merchandising until 1827. Mr. Norris was a >Iason, and during 
 the time of the anti-Masonic excitement he removed to Ypsilanti, in the Terri- 
 tory of Michigan. He found the situation of the village congenial, bought 
 property, and in 1838 brought his family on, and made what proved his final 
 settlement. With an accurate foresight of the needs of a new country, he 
 brought in machinery for carding wool and manufacturing cloth, and, in con- 
 juncfion with William W. Harwood, built the lower dam, and commenced im- 
 proving the water-power of the pleasant Huron. To this he soon added a 
 stock of goods, and the earliest buildings in Ypsilanti were the scenes of 
 his business and industry, Mr. Norris was Postmaster during most of the time 
 of Jackson's two terms of office. Other public honors were urged upon him ; but 
 though of decided political opinions, and evei' ready to help the party and to pro- 
 mote the measures which lie conscientiouslj' believed to be for the best interests 
 of his country, he resoluteh' declined all office. His taste preferred bus}-, unob- 
 trusive usefulness, to prominence in the public eye and ostentatious display. Mr. 
 Norris was an enterprising and energetic man, and up to the time of his death, 
 had probably bought and sold, built and improved, more than any other man in 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1223 
 
 Washtenaw county. He led in all schemes for the religious and intellectual 
 benefit of Ypsilanti. His hospitable home was the headquarters of ministers of 
 all denominations, teachers and other good workers on their way to labor for the 
 good of the people in the wilderness of the "West. His doors were always open 
 to receive them and to minister to their wants. His love for children was so 
 intense, that an intimate friend remarked : 
 
 'If I could wield the pencil of an artist I would make a picture. I would show an 
 aged pilgrim with furrowed face, in his armed chair, an unmurmuring sufferer, 
 patiently awaiting his appointed time. With a tearful eye, just leaning over his 
 shoulder gently, you should see young-woman-hood, with her hand of love care- 
 fully arranging the gray locks uison that venerated brow, while just at his feet 
 there would play a noble boy of three summers — a boy whose face should tell 
 him to have been rightly named — a boy of ceaseless activity; but O, of what a 
 love for grandpa ! I would make such a picture that you could see nothing else, 
 while it was present ; and then I would tell you when I saw its actualit3^ and the 
 little one that said ' When I get to heaven I will go right off and find grandpa.' " 
 In no part of Mr. Norris' life did those traits of his character which had ever made 
 him loved and respected, appear to better advantage, than when he left out-door 
 usefulness, entered his dw-elling for the Ia«t time, with a full knowledge of his con- 
 dition, and sat down to die. During some of the weeks of his painful suffering a 
 recumbent position was impossible. Supported by bolsters, in his easy chair, he 
 awaited in calmness, in cheerfulness even, the arrival of the final message ; en- 
 during pain without petulance, and rather administering consolation to others 
 than needing it himself He departed this life in March, 1863, and his spirit 
 winged its flight to that great beyond, where the " wicked cease from troubling 
 and the weaiy are at rest." 
 
 Miss E. A. Oakley, dress-vaaker and milliner, Ypsilanti, established her dress- 
 making business in 1870, jmd during the fall of 1880 added a fine stock of millinery. 
 Miss Oakley has gained a large share of the public patronage since embarking in 
 business, all of which she fully deserves. 
 
 Dr. F. E. Owen, physician and surgeon, Ypsilanti, was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1843, and is a son of James Owen, a farmer of that State. When but a lad, 
 Dr. Owen accompanied his parents to Missouri, where he was reared to manhood. 
 He received his education in a seminary at Albany, N.Y., and at the age of 20 
 years began the study of medicine. He graduated from the medical department 
 of the University of Jlichigan in 1872. He immediately began the practice of 
 his profession at Ypsilanti, and ranks among the most successful physicians of 
 that city. "\Mien the war broke out he enlisted in the three months' troops from 
 ^Missouri, and subsequently in the 11th JIo. Cav. He was afterward transferred 
 to the Cth Reg. Mo. Vol. "Inf., and ultimately to the 43d Reg. Mo. Vol. Inf, 
 Harding's old regiment. He was taken prisoner at Glasgow, Mo., but paroled 
 the day following. He was honorably discharged at Benton Barracks, Mo., 
 June 3, 1865. In 1872 he married Georgiaua Webb, of Pittsfield tp. Two 
 children have been born to them — Grace, who diedNov. 27, 1880, and Edward K. 
 T. 0. Owen, capitalist, Ypsilanti, was born in Cattaraugus Co., N.Y., in 1846, and 
 a year later, his parents, B. F. and Abbie (Wai-d) Owen, removed to Michigan 
 ancl located at Newport. T. C. grew to manhood in St. Clair county, and when 
 a lad began his career on the waters. He worked as a sailor on the vessels of the 
 Northern lakes, and subsequently engaged extensively in the lumber business. 
 In 1873 he purchased the Conkliu (now Deubel's) Mills, of Ypsilanti, which he 
 controlled for three years. Soon after the panic of 1873 ^Ir. Owen invested a 
 large portion of his means in iron and rolling-mill stock, and its later increase in 
 prices added largely to his wealth. In 1879 he bought his present residence at 
 Ypsilanti. He married Anna S. Foot, a lady of fine musical talent. They have 
 3 children — boys and 1 girl. 
 
 ,1/r. J. S. Pttrsoiis (deceased) was born in Vermont, A. D. 1836. There he was 
 educated chiefly and graduated from Folsom Commercial College, at Cleveland, 
 Ohio. He then went to Springfield, 111., and Xorwalk, Ohio, wliere he established 
 business colleges. Later, he was a Professor in the commercial department of 
 Baldwin Uni-(-ersity, at Berea, Ohio. When the war broke out that department 
 was given up. In 1865 he came to Ypsilanti, and engaged in the photograph 
 business, which he followed till his death in 1871. In 1859 he was married to 
 Miss Mary E. Jacobs, of Guilford, a daughter of a business man there. To them 
 were born 3 sons and '3 daughters, all of whom are living but 1 son. Since the 
 
1224 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW CODNTT. 
 
 death of her husband, Mrs. Parsons has carried on the photograph business. Tlie 
 work in the operating-room is done by an assistant, but the iinishing and printing 
 she does herself. Her business has increased and been generally successful. 
 
 Philo Parsons, of the tp. of Ypsilanti, was born in Enfield tp., Hartford Co., 
 Conn., in 1807, the son of Roswell Parsons, a prominent business man of En- 
 field, where Philo received his education and lived until 1834. His father in 
 1824 moved to Utica, N.Y , where he remained one year and then came to Michi- 
 gan, and first settled at Mallet's Creek, Pittsfield tp., afterward, removing to Car- 
 penter's Corners, where he remained until 1870, when he removed to his present 
 place on sec. 18. In 1833, March 6, he was married to Sarah N. Baldwin, daughter 
 of Oliver Baldwin, of Meridian Springs, and the results of this alliance are 3 
 children — Agnes P., now wife of F. P. Chase; Sarah E., now Mrs. Geo. Thomp- 
 son, of Superior tp., and Roswell, a resident of Pittsfield tp. 
 
 Willinm Piitfison, M. D., Ypsilanti, was born at Java, N. Y., Nov. 2, 1833. His 
 father, Dr. Samuel Warren Pattison, was a practicing physician at Java for 
 59 years. His mother, Phcebe (Atwood) Pattison, was a lady of rare accomplish- 
 ments, and many graces of mind and person. Mr. Pattison attended Ypsilanti 
 Seminary ; afterward took two courses of lectures in the University of Michigan, 
 and graduated from Hahnemann College, Chicago, in 1865. He at once entered 
 into partnership with his father, remaining as such for one year. After 15 months' 
 practice at Racine, Wis., he returned to Ypsilanti, where he has built up a fine 
 business. In 1864 he went to Virginia, under the auspices of the Christian 
 Commission. He became a member of the Masonic fraternity in 1865, and is 
 connected with the Knights of Honor and the A. O. U. W. He is a " hard-shell " 
 Baptist and a Republican. He was married, Aug. 29, 1865, to Susan M. Lay, 
 daughter of Hon. E. D. Lay, of Ypsilanti. They have 3 children — Hattie At- 
 wood, Mira Melinda and William Dennison-. Dr. Pattison is a man of attractive 
 social qualities and genial manners. In conversation, he is ready in story or 
 repartee. 
 
 Frederic H. Pease, Professor of Music in State Normal School, Ypsilanti, was 
 born at Farmington, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Aug. 24, 1839, and is a -.son of P. P. 
 Pease, a pioneer of Ohio, and one of the founders of Oberlin College. His 
 mother, Ruth (Crocker) Pease, was the first white woman in Oberlin. Frederic 
 was the youngest of 7 children, and was educated at Oberlin College, where he 
 devoted much time to the cultivation and development of his musical talent, 
 and soon after was called to teach vocal music in the Ypsilanti Seminary. In 
 1863, after returning from a trip to Boston, he was called to fill the chair of vocal 
 music in the State Normal scho.^l, and commenced his duties Jan. 1, 1864. He 
 still holds this position. He was appointed organist of St. Luke's Episcopal 
 Church, at Ypsilanti, and in 1864, to the same position in the Congregational 
 Church, at Jackson, Mich,, remaining as such for seven years; was then secured 
 by the Unitarian Church of Detroit, as their Director of Music, which position 
 he still occupies. Prof Pease was the founder and first conducter of the Ypsi- 
 lanti Musical Union, which ranks second in the State. He is first joint author of 
 the "Glee Book," and sole author of the "Musical Lyre," "The Crystal," and an 
 unpublished opera, entitled " Enoch Arden," besides numerous pieces of sheet 
 music, etc. He was married Nov. 7, 1859, to Josephine Dolson, a daughter of 
 Hon. Lemuel E. Dolson, of Detroit, one of the members of the first Michigan 
 Legislature, and an early pioneer of Wayne county. Mrs. Pease died Nov. 19, 
 1877, leaving 5 children — Jessie L., Maxwell L., Marshall Jewell, Freddie E., 
 and Ruth Crocker. 
 
 Thomas Phillips, of Ypsilanti tp., was born in Orange Co., N.Y., on the Hudson 
 river Aug. 1,1818, a son of Thos. Phillips, of Wayne county, a native of Belfast, 
 Ireland ; a brewer by trade. Thomas, jr., came to Michigan to live with an uncle, 
 John Phillips, a pioneer of this tp., who came to Michigan in 1824, a professional 
 farmer of the old country school, and from a capital of $500 amassed a fortune 
 from the proceeds of his farm. Thomas remained with his Uncle John 30 years, 
 and was married Oct. 15, 1863, to Catherine McKim, daughter of Geo. McKim, a 
 farmer and pioneer of Superior tp. ; deceased June 15, 1861. 
 
 W. JS. Phillips {deceased) vf as ]30i-n in Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1815, where he 
 grew to manhood ; he became a merchant and shipijer, and proprietor of a large 
 tannery at Buffalo. In an early day he came to Ypsilanti, and engaged in shipping 
 leather to the East. In 1837 he married Miss Olive, daughter of Josiah S. Weld, 
 a successful merchant. INIr. P. died in 1877. Of their 8 children, 6 are living, 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1225 
 
 1 of whom is William. He was bom in Erie Co., X. Y., but grew to manhood 
 in Washtenaw county ; in early life he was a school-teacher ; in 1801 he enlisted in 
 the war, became Regimental Clerk, and Aug. 1, 1863, was promoted to Sergeant- 
 Major; in March, 1863, he was appointed 2d Lieutenant, but resigned June 4, 
 1863, on account of general disability; returning home, he was soon appointed 
 Clerk of the Commissar}- Department, at Crab Orchard, Ky. ; a year afterward 
 he became sutler in the 28th Mich. Inf After the war he kept a grocery and 
 attended farm in the oil regions of Pennsylvania ; returned to Ypsilanti and en- 
 gaged in the lumber trade, and subsequently at Kalamazoo, and then settled per- 
 manently at Ypsilanti. In 1880 he was appointed Deputy Marshal, under A. H. 
 Smith. Oct. 5, 1859, he married Caroline Artley, and they have had 4 children — 
 Willard A., James H., Don Carlos and Ernest C. 
 
 Daniel Pierce, sr., was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., in 1815, and was a son of 
 Samuel and Triphena Pierce. When 18 years of age Mr. Pierce's father removed 
 to Livingston county, where he operated a stage route and distillery for some 
 years. Daniel became an employe of the stage route, and subsequently owner. 
 In 1834 he mai-ried Rebecca Cutler, and five years later settled near Rawsonville, 
 Wa3me Co., Mich. He there erected a distillery, and in 1843 a saw-mill. He af- 
 terward exchanged the mill for his present farm of 146 acres. Mr, Pierce has 4 
 children — Dallas S., who married Lucy Pierce, and resides on the old homestead ; 
 Ellen, wife of Alonzo Ford; Eva, wife of Edward Thorn, of Pittsfleld tp., and 
 Charles D. Mr. Pierce is a Master Mason and is connected with Ypsilanti Lodge, 
 No. 128. 
 
 Sev. John D. Pierce, formerly of Ypsilanti, and for manj^ years familiarly and 
 reverently called " Father " Pierce, by the teachers of Michigan, was born at 
 Chesterfield, Kew Hampshire, Feb. 18, 1797. His parents were Gad and Sarah 
 (Davis) Pierce. From the age of two years to 20, he lived with a paternal 
 uncle in Worcester, Massachusetts, receiving eight weeks of schooling each 
 year after he was old enough to attend school. When he was 20 his uncle gave 
 him his time. He then obtained employment as a farm laborer until he had saved 
 $100. With this sum and a like amount given him hy his grandfather Pierce, 
 he started out to get an education. He walked 14 miles, Dec. 14, 1817, buy- 
 ing a Latin grammar on his way, and in the evening of the same day took his 
 first lesson in Latin under Rev. Enoch Pond, with whom he made his preparations 
 for college. He entered Brown University the following September, graduating 
 in 1822, in the first eight of a class of 36 ; he was Principal of Wrenthan Academy, 
 in Massachusetts, in 1823 ; same year entered Princeton Theological Seminary ; 
 after one year was licensed to preach by the Congregational Associatiort, and 
 given a Church in Oneida Co., N, Y. ; in 1831 visited Marshall, Mich., as a mis- 
 sionary, and the following autumn brought his family out ; on July 26, 1836, was 
 appointed Superintendent of Public Instruction of Michigan, being the first to 
 fill that position in the " Wolverine fState." He orgmized the primary-school 
 system and the plan for the State University, which was adopted by the State Leg- 
 islature in 1837. He continued in office five years, and then returned to his 
 missionary labors; in 1847 was elected to State Legislature. As chairman of the 
 committee on Federal Relations in the House of Representatives, he introduced and 
 succeeded in carrying a resolution instructing the Michigan delegates in the Na- 
 tional Congress to oppose the introduction of slavery into the Territories. At this 
 session, too, he proposed and carried the homestead exemption law — the first law 
 of this kind ever enacted in the United States. In 1852 he delivered the address 
 at the opening of the Normal School at Ypsilanti. Mr. Pierce was thrice mar- 
 ried. His present wife was Harriet B. Read. 
 
 Dr. Juttin E. Post, M. D., was born at Saline, Mich., Sept. 10, 1854. His par- 
 ents are David and Eliza (Downing) Post, the former of whom came to Ypsilanti 
 in 1859, and is at present a successful practitioner of that city. Justin was edu- 
 cated in the Union and Normal schools of Ypsilanti, and at the age of 18 years 
 entered the medical department; of the University of Michigan, from which he 
 graduated in 1876. He also took a course in dentistry, in the same institution. 
 He located at Ypsilanti, where he is doing a good business. He was married in 
 1878 to Addie Perhamus, of Ypsilanti. Mr. Post is a member of the A. O. U. W., 
 in which body he acts as medical examiner. 
 
 D. P. Potter is a native of Rutland Co., Vt., where he was born in 1816. His 
 father. Homer Potter, was a Captain during the Revolutionary war, and married 
 Ruth Woodruff, of Kinir.outh, Vt. She was a daughter of Oliver and fr'arah (P,)r- 
 
1126 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Justice was a patron of "old Black Sam," and let him off with 
 fine and costs. The old man continued to wage war against his 
 brother negroes for about 10 years. 
 
 TOtr GENEROUS JEw! 
 
 Previous to the days of the Yigilance Committee, a settler com- 
 plained of having lost a horse. Mr. Joslin employed Private 
 Detective Bromfield to search. He found the animal at Flat Rock, 
 reported the matter; and a warrant was issued for the arrest of 
 Springstead and his father, Gordonier, celebrated horse-thieves. 
 The prisoners were brought before Justice C. W. Lane; lawyer Jos- 
 lin prosecuted. While engaged in laying down the charge, Gor- 
 donier, who was in the sheriff's custody, dashed forward to chastise 
 the lawyer, when the latter presented a revolver, saying, " Gor- 
 donier, if you advance a step, I'll shoot you! " During the scene, 
 the crowd in the court drew back toward the wall, bent their heads 
 and crouched as low as the densely packed mass would allow. 
 Gordonier drew back, and the lawyer continued his address. The 
 criminals were held to the Circuit Court. After the trial before 
 Justice Lane, Eraerick came forward to thank his advocate, and 
 also to pay him the fee so well earned. He said : " Now, sir, how 
 much do I pay you? You have got my horse and convicted the 
 thieves." "Now," said the lawyer, "you know what I have done: 
 give me what you think fair." He was under the impression 
 that Emerick would pay a respectable fee; but, to his surprise, the 
 old man drew forth an " Ypsilanti shin-plaster," valued at 25 cents, 
 and offered it in payment. The lawyer looked astonished, yet 
 accepted the " shinplaster." Young Woodruff, who witnessed the 
 transaction, treated his legal friend to a lecture, if not to some 
 
 abuse, and cautioned him never again to tell a Dutchman to 
 
 make the lawyer's fee. 
 
 THE EEPOET. 
 
 In 1849 Arden H. Ballard, James Martin and Wells Chamber- 
 lain were Commissioners of Highways. A sum of $350 was voted, 
 to be expended by those commissioners during that year. At the 
 annual meeting ensuing, the commissioners reported through A. 
 H. Ballard, who concluded his statement with the unique phrase, 
 " Last year the township voted $350, which sum we have expended 
 to our entire satisfaction." At that time, such reports were read 
 out before the people from the piazza, so that Mr. Ballard's inno- 
 cent presumption was hailed with the cheers of the people. Such 
 a report as this was actually signed by that trio of highway com- 
 missioners and presented to the people. 
 
 VICISSITUDES OF EARLY INDUSTRIAL CONCERNS. 
 
 Looking back over a period of 55 years, one is forcibly reminded 
 of the energy whicli characterized the early mill-builders. As 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1127 
 
 early as 1824, a grist-mill was built on a water-power south of the 
 city, which power had a natural fall of 11 feet, and claimed to be 
 the third best power on the Huron. This project was started by 
 Major "Woodruff; the mill was opened in 1825 and continued in 
 operation until 1830. The first miller was Mr. Stephens, and 
 among the first to furnish the grist was "William "Wilson, who at 
 that time made the settlement his home. The power of the water 
 at this mill did not necessitate the construction of a dam. 
 
 The first mill-dam was built by Hardy & Heading on the river, 
 between French claim 691, and the southeast quarter of section 4. 
 The obstruction forming this new water-power being of brush, clay 
 and logs, it would appear to be the work of the beaver tribe, in- 
 stead of enterprising men; however, the rude barricade, which con- 
 fined the Huron at this point, was swept away by the flood of 1 832. 
 That dam was located where the woolen-mill dam now is. 
 
 The First Saw-Mill. — It has been stated on verj' good authority, 
 that John Stewart built the first saw-mill, in what is now Tpsilanti 
 city, as early as 1826; but many, probably the majority, claim that 
 Hardy & Heading's, built in 1827, was the first. This was erected 
 where the woolen factory stands. Subsequently Hardy sold his 
 interest in the mill and water-power to Mark ISTorris, and Reading 
 disposed of his interests to Timothy Mclntyre; the latter sold out 
 to Anthony Case and Chester Perry, who purchased one-fourth of 
 the water-power with the saw-mill. These men sold in turn to 
 Arden H. Ballard, and he erected on the site a flouring mill, known 
 as "The Eagle Flouring Mills," built in 1839-40, and destroyed 
 by fire in 1856. Some years afterward Ballard disposed of his in- 
 terest to Dr. Clarke, of Detroit. This sale was effected in 1 843. 
 Five years later Clarke sold to Thomas O. Hill, who, in 1850, trans- 
 ferred his interests to Mark JSTorris and B. Follett. In December, 
 1853, Norris disposed of his half interest in the Eagle Mill and his 
 interest in the "Fpsilanti Mill to his son, Lyman D. Norris; while 
 Follett sold out his share in both concerns to Chauncey Joslin. In 
 January, 1856, Mr. Joslin purchased the interests of Norris, and 
 became sole owner of both industrial establishments. In October, 
 1856, the dramatic history of the Eagle Mill began and ended. 
 
 It appears that in September of that year Mr. Joslin invested 
 $16,000 in wheat, which was not delivered at these mills for thirty 
 days, owing to the carelessness or want of freight cars on the part of 
 the Central railroad. In October $16,000 worth was delivered within 
 three days, of which $7,000 worth was elevated into the grain room 
 of the Eagle, and $9,000 worth into that of the Ypsilanti Mill. The 
 first night after the day of delivery, the enterprising owner was 
 roused from his sleep to witness the fire-fiend in full possession of 
 the Eagle Mill, and the valuable store of grain. He lost by this 
 fire over $10,000. 
 
 The second flouring mill was projected by Hardy & Reading, in 
 1828, just below the location of the present woolen mills. This 
 
1128 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 establishment was razed in 1861. Lyman Graves erected a saw- 
 mill on Paint creek in 1832. 
 
 Harwood's Flouring Mill. — In 1829 the third flouring mill was 
 built by W. W. Harwood, and the dam by Mark Norris and W. W. 
 Harwood, just south of Congress Street, on the left bank of the 
 Huron. The former sold the water-power to the latter in 1832. 
 Harwood sold to John Gilbert in 1835. In 1839 Gilbert gave a 
 half interest to his son-in-law, Abel Godard. These men purchased 
 the water-power on the west side of the river, in April, 1839, from 
 Major Abram Larzelere; the year following they sold their entire 
 interest in mill and power to Alfred A. Hunter, whose management 
 resulted in its passing into the hands of assignees, the property be- 
 ing assigned to Mr. Beckwith. The concern was operated by les- 
 sees or renters from the assignees, until 1854, when it was sold to 
 Nathan Follett and Alexander Eoss. In 1858 or '9, Ross disposed 
 of his interest to Follett, who was sole proprietor until 1861, when 
 he sold to Isaac N. Conklin. In 1862 the mill was purchased by 
 B. Follett, and subsequently conveyed to Nathan Follett in 186 5, 
 and in 1873 to Messrs. Deubel Bros., the present owners and oper- 
 ators. 
 
 The Iron Foundry. — In 1832 Mark Norris leased to A. M. Hurd 
 a water-power two feet square, with a fall of five feet, for the pur- 
 pose of a motive power in connection with the proposed iron foun- 
 dry. Here Hurd and Sage erected a building, 50x80 feet, put up 
 the machinery, and employed Benjamin Thompson to set the ma- 
 chinery in motion. He turned the first wheel in 1832. For a short 
 while the business of the foundry was continued on a small scale; 
 but the company never found sufficient ore to justify it in erecting 
 a blast furnace. In 1833 it was converted into a plow factory, again 
 into a woolen mill, and subsequently devoted to an iron-casting 
 shop. In 1843-4 it passed into the ownership of Thomp- 
 son and Levins S. Church. They sold to Timothy Showerman, who 
 converted it into a flouring mil), known as the JEtna Mills. The 
 history of this institution under its new dress and name is not 
 without its sensational features. The new proprietors evidently 
 utilized the water-power belonging to Norris, who was not slow in 
 instituting law proceedings. All this resulted in the stoppage of 
 the mills. Norris & Follett purchased the lease and building, which 
 they subsequently conveyed to Norris & Joslin, who transformed 
 it into a sash, door and blind factory. To this, three departments 
 were added, including a planing mill, an ax-handle factory and a 
 gypsum mill. The entire property was afterward purchased by 
 Chauncey Joslin, who, in April, 1858, disposed of one-third of his 
 interest to Messrs. Follet & Conklin, and one-third to Mark Norris. 
 In June following a flood swept over the east end of the dam, car- 
 ried away the mill and all the stock, valued at $12,000, scattered the 
 manufactured goods along the banks of the Huron, leaving nothing 
 but the water wheels and planing machine. 
 
rPSII,ANTI TOWNSHIP. 1129 
 
 The new planing mill, operated by'Fulnaer & Scoville, now stands 
 on the site of the above mentioned works. It was built by Follett, 
 Conklin, C. Joslin and Mark Norris. The last named parties sold 
 to Mr. Follett, who afterward sold to Quirk, Dow & Bojce. 
 
 In 1830 there was a race dug by direction of Judge Jacob L. 
 Larzelere, of Seneca county, N, Y., who caused a saw-mill to be 
 erected just below the west end of the dam of Cornwell's paper- 
 mill. This was nsed until 1842 as a saw-mill, when it was con- 
 verted into a woolen factory by John Y. Larzelere, the son of 
 Abraham Larzelere, who inherited the property. This was an im- 
 portant industry of the times — employing from 16 to 20 hands, 
 and shipping its manufactures throughout the State. In July, 
 18i7, John Y. Larzelere died, and the estate allowed the mill to 
 fall into decay, so that the flood had little difficulty in washing it 
 away later. Alfred A. Hunter and John Y. Larzelere built a dam 
 above the location of this saw and woolen mill in 1847. In 1855 
 or '56, Cornwell bought the land where the lower paper-mill stands, 
 and with it half the water-power. Mrs. Larzelere put in the west 
 side water-power as so much stock in the paper-mill, Mr. Yan 
 Cleve put in $1,000 stock, and thus the first 'paper factory was 
 established. In 1863 the mill was very prosperous, when Van 
 Cleve and the Larzelere estate sold out to Cornwell, who with his 
 partners continue to operate it at present. 
 
 Regarding the dam, said to be constructed by Alfred A. 
 Hunter, Surveyor Woodard states, that the credit of this enterprise 
 should be given to J. Y. Larzelere, who built it immediately before 
 bis death. 
 
 The " pail factory" was situate on the west bank of the river, on 
 the west end of the Huron mill-dam. This factory was fully 35 
 feet above the power, to which a shaft descended. This little in- 
 dustry was among the things of the past even in 1836. It was 
 operated by Chester Perry. 
 
 In 1829, after the completion of the dam for the Harwood Mill, 
 Mark Norris erected a woolen or carding mill below Harwood's 
 flouring mill. The mill passed into the hands of Chauncey Knapp, 
 who operated it until 1839. 
 
 The concern known as the "Ypsilanti Flouring Mill," referred 
 to in a sketch of its sister industry, "The Eagle," was built in 
 1839-'40 by Norris. 
 
 In 1825 Mr. Rawson operated a saw-mill at " The Landing," 
 now known as " Rawsonville." 
 
 The "Brick Hotel's" relation to the seminary.- -The early 
 enterprise of the Detroit Land Company in erecting a building at 
 Ypsilanti for hotel purposes, is well deserving of some little notice. 
 Among the stockholders of this real-estate association were such 
 enterprising men as Arden H. Ballard, Marcus Lane, Shubal Co- 
 nant, De Garmo Jones, and Le Grand Morse. Anxious to build up 
 a village on the new highway to Chicago, and also to eclipse the 
 Central railroad in the character of their buildings, they decided 
 
1130 HIbTOET OF WASHTENAW COITNTT. 
 
 to erect a brick hotel building overlooking the proposed junction 
 of the railroads. This they accomplished so far as the building 
 was concerned, but the hotel was never established there. Shubal 
 Con ant, the trustee of the stockholders, disposed of their entire 
 interest to Chas. W. Lane, a lawyer of Ypsilanti. This sale was 
 made in January, 1844. Lane sold the " Brick Hotel" to Abiel 
 Hawkins immediately after, and he in turn to Rev. L. H. Moore, 
 who disposed of his interest therein to the School Board. The 
 original building is said to have cost about $9,000. Eev. Mr. 
 Moore is supposed to have purchased lit for $2,000, and to have 
 sold his interest therein to School District No. 4, in 1848, for 
 $2,400, reserving the west quarter of the block, together with the 
 house now occupied by Dr. Kinne. 
 
 Previous to these last named transactions, Mr. C. Woodruff, 
 now of the Sentinel, rented the building for school purposes, 
 formed both English and foreign classes, and really inaugurated an 
 educational village. Succeeding its purchase by the School Board, 
 the State Legislature passed a special act organizing this as the 
 first district school. In 1852-'3 the district built an addition to the 
 original house at a cost of $3,000. This new building together 
 with the old were destroyed by fire March 29, 1857, and thus the 
 " Brick Hotel," or Seminary, passed into the past. So with the 
 other two follies — the great frame structure, built on the east side 
 on the southwest corner of Congress and River streets, for hotel 
 purposes, never reached the point designed by its projectors. The 
 " nunnery" also fell into disuse, and was destroyed by the fire of 
 1851. Wm. R. Post built this house about 1827, for manufactur- 
 ing purposes. 
 
 LIVING INUUSTEIES. 
 
 We now pass to a brief contemplation of the manufacturing in- 
 dustries of modern times. 
 
 The Huron Flouring Mill. — In the papers devoted to the early 
 milling interests of Ypsilanti, the history of this pioneer estab- 
 lishment is carried down to the period of its sale to the Deubel 
 Brothers. At present it has six run of stone, turbine water-wheels 
 and all modern improvements. The mill is capable of producing 
 16,000 barrels of flour per annum, for Detroit and Eastern markets, 
 together with grinding 24,000 bushels of grain for its local patrons. 
 The building, machinery and water-power are valued at $20,000. 
 
 The City Mill. — This industrial concern is situated on the east 
 bank of the Huron, near Cross street bridge. Like the Huron 
 Mill, this building, or rather a portion of it, has been handed down 
 from the pioneer period. After passing through a series of vicis- 
 situdes, it was purchased by T. C. Owen and E. B. Ward, the 
 building being hitherto improved, and new machinery introduced 
 by Quirk, Daw & Co. Its capacity is stated to be 100,000 barrels 
 of flour per annum, together with a local grist trade of 30,000 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1131 
 
 bushels of grain. The building and machinery is valued at about 
 $50,000, exclusive of the value of the M. C. R. R. side track, which 
 has been carried to the loading platform. It is now owned by the 
 Deubel Brothers. 
 
 Tpsilanti Distillery. — Captain Norton, Cephas Hawks, Wm. 
 Jarvis and A. H. Ballard erected a distillery on the ground where 
 is now the Ypsilanti ashery, in 1826. In 1845 Ballard & Edmunds 
 became sole proprietors, and converted the building into a dis- 
 tillery and flouring mill. In 1849 Ballard sold to James N. and 
 Newton Edmunds, who, retiring from such a business, left it to be 
 turned into the less profitable but more useful ashery. 
 
 Cornwell <& Co.'s Paper-Mill.— The paper-mill of this company is 
 noticed in dealing with the pioneer enterprises. To Cornwell is 
 the honor due of being the first to introduce this great industry 
 into Ypsilanti. Through his influence and energy the mill of 
 1856 was inaugurated, and from that period to the present time he 
 has continued to advance the paper manufacturing interest, until 
 now the products of the mills are welcome in the markets of the 
 United States. The pioneer paper-mill was partially destroyed by 
 fire in 18T1. Another house was soon erected, which h ared the 
 same fate; yet enterprise pushed onward, and raised the present 
 pile of brick buildings, known as " Corowell's Paper-Mills." The 
 main building, 66x130 feet, is occupied as the machine room; an- 
 other room, 50x107, is the store or freight house; and the third, 36x 
 120, forms 'the engine room. Both water and steam power are 
 used. The quality of paper manufactured is " news-print." 
 
 Ypsilanti Paper Company's Mills. — In 1874 this company 
 erected a paper-mill one half mile above the Peninsular Mills. 
 The structure is brick, with stone foundations, similar to the Corn- 
 well Mills. It is operated by Messrs. Cornwell, Son & Brothers. 
 This has been justly named the most extensive paper-mill in the 
 State of Michigan. The water-power is considered the best on the 
 Huron river, with a head of 17 feet. 
 
 The Cornwells own the mills, formerly noticed, in the south part 
 of the city; the above mills; the Geddes Pulp-Mill, with an 11- 
 foot water-power; a large paper-mill situated on the Huron, on the 
 western limits of Ann Arbor township, together with still another 
 mill in course of erection at Ann Arbor. This company own 53 
 feet of water-power on the Huron river, between Ypsilanti and 
 Dexter. 
 
 Cornelius Cornwell, senior partner in the Ypsilanti Paper Com- 
 pany, first entered a woolen factory, to learn the trade; when 21 
 years of age he bought out his partner at "Foster's," this county, 
 and at 25 he erected a grist-mill there; and at that place, too, he 
 built and operated his first paper-mill, since which time the broth- 
 ers have erected one mill at Ann Arbor and one at Ypsilanti, a 
 pulp-mill at Geddesburg, and another at Jackson, also a woolen 
 factory at Newport, or Poster's, and they have a wholesale paper 
 
1132 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OODNTT. 
 
 Store at Chicago, 111. The Ypsilanti Paper Company employs 
 probably about 500 hands. We give Mr. Cornwell's portrait. 
 
 Peninsular Paper Company, Ypsilanti. — Under the general 
 law of the State of Michigan for the incorporation of stock com- 
 panies in the State, the stock company known as the Peninsular 
 Paper Company was organized and papers filed in ]867. 
 
 The capital stock of the company was $50,000, which was 
 divided into 2,000 shares of $25 each. The first officers were: 
 L. A. Barnes, President; I. N. Conklin, Yice-President; J. W. 
 Yan Cleve, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 The site of the works of this company is just outside of the 
 northwestern limits of the city of Ypsilanti. In the spring of 1867 
 the construction of the company's mill number one was begun and 
 the first paper was made in 1868. Mill number one is located on 
 the south side of the Huron river and consists of a main building 
 with dimensions 40x100 feet, three-stories high, a wing 30x120 
 feet, one-story high, and an annex for ofiice use 16x2i feet 
 in size. The main building is used for the preparation of stock; 
 the wing is used for making and finishing paper. 
 
 On the same side of the River Huron and located on aside track 
 of the M. C. R. R. is a three-story warehouse, 40x100 feet in size. 
 The demands for their manufactured paper increasing, the com- 
 pany in 1872 began the construction of a mill on the north side of 
 the river, directly opposite their first mill, to be known as mill 
 number two. This was completed and manufacturing therein 
 commenced in 1873. The product of this mill is exclusively of the 
 quality known as super-calendered book paper. The dimensions 
 of this mill are as follows: The main building, 40x116 feet, two 
 stories and basement, and wing, 40x132 feet, one story and base- 
 ment, the main building being used for preparing stock and the 
 wing for making and finishing paper. The motive-power of these 
 mills is supplied by three turbine water-wheels in each mill, one 66, 
 one 42 and one 30 inch, under 13 feet head. Attached to each 
 mill is a fire-proof boiler room containing 150-hor8e- power boilers. 
 The company manufacture print and fine book paper exclusively. 
 The production of the first year's work was about 150 tons of paper, 
 which was sold for about 16 cents per pound. The business has in- 
 creased to such an extent that in 1880 these mills produced 1,500 
 tons of paper. The machinery required to do this work consists of 
 eight paper-mill engines, four in each mill, one rag cutter and 
 duster in each mill, one large rotary boiler in each mill for boiling 
 stock, besides one open tub, and two Foudrinier paper-machines, 
 one 72-inch and one 66-inch. To do the work required, 110 per- 
 sons are employed, about one-half of whom are women and girls. 
 
 The productions of the mills find market in this State and the 
 city of Chicago. Since its organization this company has enjoyed 
 general prosperity. In 1876 the capital stock was increased to 
 $100,000. The ofiicers of the company now are L. A. Barnes 
 
,<# 
 
 y 
 
''Xm^ 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1137 
 
 Pres. and Treas. ; Samuel Barnard, Vice-Pres. ; J. "W. Van Cleve, 
 Secretary. 
 
 The actual amount of money invested is $50,000, the market 
 value of which is 350 per cent. This fact alone is the highest tes- 
 timony to the character of the management. 
 
 The foundry and machine shops of Ferrier (& Son, located on 
 Eiver street, near the M. C. R. R. depot, form one of the great in- 
 dustrial establishments of the city. The foundry is principally 
 devoted to the construction of mill machinery and corn-shellers. 
 The buildings of the firm are extensive and substantial; the main 
 building is 60x130 feet, two-stories high, with return house con- 
 taining foundry and machine shop. A 10-horse power engine is 
 the motive power used. The firm employs a large number of 
 skilled workmen. 
 
 McCuUoi/gh's Plo^o-Factory.—T^e firm of J. & W. L. McOul- 
 lough, manufacturers of plows, cultivators, and large kettles, operate 
 the foundry on Congress street, just east of the bridge. For many 
 years these iron founders have carried on an extensive business. 
 
 Follmor <& SoovilVs Mill. — The saw-mill of this company is 
 devoted to the manufacture of hard-wood lumber and dressed lum- 
 ber. The mill comprises three large buildings, modern machinery, 
 and a water-power capable of supplying all demands. 
 
 MoKinstry d; Yan Cleve's Factory. — The planing-mill estab- 
 lished by Edwards & Cooper is now operated by the men whose 
 names are given in the heading. The mill and factory stands at the 
 northeast corner of Congress and Adams, just west of the opera 
 house. It is a two-story brick building, 56x64: feet, with engine 
 room, etc., etc. Together with the building, planing, sash and door 
 departments of this concern, it is said that they ship over 40,030 
 base-ball bats annually. This factory gives direct employment to 
 15 men, transacts business in a business-like way, and takes an im- 
 portant part among the industries of the town. 
 
 Whitmore d; Co.''s sash, door, and blind factory is located on 
 Cross street. The machinery of their factorj^ is worked by steam 
 power. 
 
 Parsons brothers. — Messrs. S. W. and G. "W". Parsons first 
 organized as lumber, lath, and shingle dealers in 1867. They con- 
 tinued in this business exclusively until 1869, when they pur- 
 chased the " Ypsilanti Spoke Factory" and machinery, to which 
 was added machinery for the manufacture of sash, doors, and blinds. 
 The size of their factory is 30x64, with wing 30x30 feet; engine 
 and boiler room, 20x20; paint-shop, 15x26 with a return 12x26; the 
 warehouse is 20x44, and two-stories high; office, 20x36; and dry 
 kiln. These are substantial buildings of brick and stone. In 1868 
 the "Monitor "Washing-Machine " was patented, and its manufact- 
 ure was undertaken by the firm subsequent to its improvement 
 in 1872. The Messrs. Parsons are also manufacturers of Crich's 
 Hinged Frame, and of Folding Spring Bed Bottoms; and also of 
 the 6. K. and Peerless Oofi'ee Eoasters. The "Storm-King" wind- 
 
 66 
 
1138 HISTOEr OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 mill is one of their latest enterprises. The business of the firm 
 appears to be conducted on principles which must necessarily 
 insure its continued increase and success. 
 
 Climax Threshing -Machine Works.— EAsvaxA D. McPherson, 
 
 Jroprietor of these works, purchased the " Novelty Works " from 
 ohn Grilbert, October, 1880, and commenced the manufacture of 
 machines that month. This factory occupies two acres, fronting 
 on Grove street. The buildings are laid off into machine, foundry, 
 finishing shops, and dry kilns. The former is 55x60 feet, three- 
 stories high; the foundry 45x60, and the finishing shop 105x22. 
 The engine is 50-horse power, the engine room 20x60, and the 
 boiler house 10x30. Tn the construction of these buildings by the 
 original owner, Mr. Gilbert, no expense was spared. For many 
 years he carried on a most extensive business, including the manu- 
 facture of the Eureka Safe an4 Settees. The material for railroad 
 fences was also prepared here. 
 
 In the possession of such buildings, Mr. McPherson is enabled 
 to turn out 500 threshing-machines annually. He has been, for a 
 number of years, with the old experienced firm of McPherson, 
 Glasgow & Co., of Fingal and Clinton, Ont., Canada, who have 
 been engaged in the manufacture of threshing-machines there more 
 than thirty years, and do by far the most extensive trade in this 
 line of any firm in Canada. The 35 per cent, protective tariff and 
 the large number of Canadians now residing in Michigan, to whom 
 the high character of the " Climax Thresher" is well known, sug- 
 gested the propriety of establishing a factory here. Mr. McPher- 
 son possesses all the elements which should belong to a business 
 man. The success of his enterprise here is already insured, so that 
 the citizens may congratulate themselves ou the establishment of 
 an industrial concern, equal in importance to that of the " Novelty 
 Works." 
 
 Sweet Brothers' Factory. — The sash, door and blind factory es- 
 tablished by Sweet & Henderson in 1869 is now operated by Sweet 
 Brothers, one of whom purchased Mr. Henderson's interest early 
 in 1880. Their factory is situated at the corner of Congress and 
 Hamilton streets. The main building is 66x75 feet in size, five- 
 stories in height, with extensions for dry-kiln and storage purposes. 
 The machinery consists of a new combined four-side surface planer 
 and matcher, band saws, mortising machine, lathes and all attach- 
 ments necessary to the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds and mold- 
 ings, all propelled by a iO-horse power stationary engine. The 
 firm also carries a stock of seasoned pine and hard wood for retail 
 trade. 
 
 The Curtis Carriage Factory stands on the southwest corner of 
 Congress and Adams streets. It is a large two-story brick building 
 designed for a first-class factory and warehouse. Since its estab- 
 lishment in 1868, the product of the concern has been annually in- 
 creased; the workmanship has gained a higher place in popular 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1139 
 
 esteem, still continues to advance, and gives promise of being, in 
 the near future, one of the principal industries of the State. 
 
 Ypsilanti Carriage Co. — This stock company was organized in 
 October, 1879, with a capital of $25,000 and is now under the di- 
 rection of H. Batchelder. The buildings of the company have a 
 frontage of 100 feet on Washington street, are 60 feet deep, with a 
 building in rear 40 feet deep. Employment is given to 20 skilled 
 mechanics, who build sleigii and buggy bodies for the Western 
 markets. The annual value of such manufaetured goods may be 
 set down at $30,000. This company is the successor to the "Beach 
 Carriage Manufacturing Company," of which S. M. Cutcheon 
 was President, and S. W. Beach, Superintendent. The present 
 company comprises E. W. Hemphill, Hiram Batchelder, J. C. 
 Batchelder and J. S. Cutcheon. 
 
 Laing (& Martin Shops. — This firm was organized in 1868, 
 when the present quarters were rented, and opened a blacksmith's 
 shop for general jobbing and repairing work. Through close atten- 
 tion to business and industry the firm has been enabled to add other 
 branches to its business, until now it is extensively engaged 
 in making wagons, carriages, sleighs, cultivators, harrows, etc. 
 The Defiance windmill, one of the most perfect machines of its 
 kind in the market, and one which finds a ready sale throughout 
 the State, is also constructed in their shops. The shops are equipped 
 with all modern machinery needed, which is driven by a 12-horse 
 power steam-engine. 
 
 The Gas Governor Manufacturing Co. was organized in May, 
 1874, for the purpose of manufacturing " Home's Patent Automatic 
 Gas Governor." The business of the company has steadily in- 
 creased, until now it occupies a high position among the individual 
 industries of the town. Among its projectors and present officers 
 are men whose connection with it is full evidence of its pros- 
 perity, past and present. 
 
 The shops of 0. E. Thompson comprise a paint shop, " clover and 
 grass seed-sower " manufacturing shop, and the agricultural imple- 
 ment showroom. Mr. Thompson is a son of Benjamin Thompson, 
 one of the early settlers of Ypsilanti, — a man of enterprise, and the 
 patentee of the "Clover and Grass Seed-Sower." This useful 
 agricultural implement is manufactured by him. It is now be- 
 coming popular and its manufacture promises to add another im- 
 portant industry to the city. 
 
 The Manufacture of Cabinets was introduced here by Mr. 
 Yanderbilt, continued by D. Coon, H. Vinkle, McAndrevv & 
 Wallace, and is at present represented by McAndrew & Wallace 
 and Clark. Each of the two establishments does a fair trade. 
 
 Corey & Or anf h Factory. — E. W. Grant & A. L. Corey's factory 
 is bounded by Adams, Michigan and Hamilton streets. One build- 
 ing is 30x80 feet, with a wing 25x100 feet, with engine house, 
 engine of 30 -horse power, etc. It was erected in 1874, and opened 
 the same year by E. W. Grant. In April, 1875, Mr. Corey entered 
 
1140 HI8T0BT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 on the manufacture of the Elastic Eubber Bucket, and since that 
 time continued the business, extending it throughout the United 
 States as well as the Canadas and Prince Edward Island. 
 
 The woolen-mill, of the Ypsilanti Woolen-Mill Co., situated 
 below Mill street bridge, is among the great industrial concerns of 
 the city. The mill proper is a five-story brick building 33x108 
 feet, with a return three stories high, 40x50 feet. The building 
 and machinery cost over $100,000. In addition to the main build- 
 ing may be named the wood house, a two-story brick structure 
 with basement, each floor or loft giving an area of 2,000 square 
 feet. 
 
 The Gas Works, situated on the Huron at Forest avenue, 
 were established in 1858, and put in operation on the day the 
 second Union school building was dedicated. They have continued 
 to enlighten night, even as the school enlightens man, down to the 
 present. The corporation does not patronize the works at present, 
 believing gasoline to be more economical. 
 
 The Whip-Socket Factory of Worden Brothers was established in 
 1868. During that year Mr. Curtis, of the Curtis Carriage Factory, 
 invented a whip socket and patented it the same year. This 
 patent he sold to Worden Brothers, who entered immediately on 
 its manufacture. During the last 12 years, this firm of manufact- 
 urers has achieved a success, which to many appears wonderfuL 
 The buildings and machinery are so many evidences of progress, 
 and the extensiveness of the present trade a record of business tact 
 and enterprise. 
 
 Monument and Marble Works. — The firm of Batchelder & Co.,^ 
 manufacturers of monuments, in American and Italian marble, 
 was established here as early as 1850. In 1878 G. W. Lough- 
 ridge entered partnership with him, and subsequently J. H. Wil- 
 cox. The reputation of this company of marble-workers renders 
 the market for the product of tlieir factory, extensive. From De- 
 troit to Jackson, each cemetery holds a testimonial to the excellent 
 quality and style ot the monuments sent from their shops. In 
 Wayne, Pontiac, Jackson, Lenawee and many other counties the 
 monuments of this shop are well known. 
 
 The Grove Breioery was established in 1869 by Taufkirth & 
 Trockembrod, who placed some machinery therein. The trade of 
 the brewery was limited until Foerester Bros, took possession of 
 the concern; during the last decade, the product has increased from 
 50 to 200 barrels. 
 
 Groh^ s Breioery vf&e e8t&.h\\a\\edi in 1861 by Jacob Grob, who 
 built the first brewery in this city during that year. The brewings 
 are generally successful, and the beer is said to be much appre- 
 ciated by those who use it. 
 
 GroVs Ice-House, in connection with the brewery, was rebuilt 
 in 1864. During the winter of 1880-'l over 600 cords of ice were 
 " harvested." The original house was built in 1839 or '40 by 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1141 
 
 Arden, H. Ballard, as a barrel house. It was established as an ice 
 house by Geo. Wanless in 1856-'7. 
 
 Swayne's Malt-Rouse, situated on Forest avenue and Kiver 
 street, is at present a three-story brick building, 50x94 feet. The 
 original house was built for school purposes, but was converted in- 
 to a small malt-house by L. C. Wallington. In 1872 F. G. Swayne 
 purchased Walliugton's interest in the concern and enlarged the 
 building to its present size. The machinery is all modern. The 
 annual product of the malt-house has increased from 11,000 bushels 
 in 1874 to 40.000 in 1880. 
 
 The Eagle Brewery was situated on East Congress street. This 
 was built about 1861. The building was operated, previous to its 
 close in 1876, by Andrew J. Leech. 
 
 Tannery. — Crane's tannery was one of the important industries 
 of the city. As many as 1,200 calf and 500 kip skins, with 1,500 
 hides were prepared every year. The leather produced, found a 
 market throughout the Eastern and Western States. The works 
 were erected in 1861, and in 1879 were leased to Irion & Dutton, 
 who furnish an excellent quality of leather and enjoy an extensive 
 trade. 
 
 John Howland established a tannery at Manchester in 1838, 
 where he continued the business until 1844, when he moved to 
 Tpsilanti. From that period forward the business progressed. 
 In 1873 Mr. Howland changed the firm name to that of J. N. How- 
 land & Co. and added the manufacture of mittens to the tanning 
 business. The company carry on a wholesale and retail trade. 
 
 Cigar Manufacturers. — The factory of Schemmeld & Cook was 
 established in 1873. The company employs from seven to ten men, 
 and the product of the factory ranges from 200,000 to 300,000 ci- 
 gars annually. Their manufactured goods find a ready sale through- 
 out Michigan, Indiana and Ohio. 
 
 The factory of "W. J. Kandolph was established in 1881. Already 
 there is a liberal patronage extended to this new industry. 
 
 Guild & Son were among the first manufacturers of cigars in 
 this city. As early as 1874 their annual trade equaled 360,000 ci- 
 gars, the various brands being favorably known throughout this 
 and the adjoining States. 
 
 Denis Doyle manufactured cigars here from 1876 to 1879. 
 
 The Tpsilanti Ashery was established in 1855. In 1878 the 
 works passed into the hands of its present proprietors. The annual 
 product is 60 casks of potash, which finds a ready sale in the New 
 York city market. 
 
 The Ypsilanti Lime Kiln was built by Zachariah Shaw in 1862. 
 The stone burned is supplied from the Trenton quarries. The prod- 
 uct of the kilns in 1880 was 27,000 bushels of lime, the greater 
 portion of which was used in the paper factories of Ypsilanti. 
 
 The Brick Yards of C. McCormick and M. P. Holmes & Co. are 
 classed among the great brick yards of the State. 
 
1142 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Rogers^ Pump Factory, located on East Congress street, near 
 the bridge, is another industry worthy of notice. Its trade in well 
 and cistern pumps is extensive and gives employment to a number 
 of mechanics. 
 
 The Broom Factories of E. R. Forsyth and of A. Gilmore & 
 Co. turn out brooms for the million, employ a large number of men 
 and form important factors in the economy of the city. 
 
 The great part which a system of hydraulics plays in the prog- 
 ress of a city cannot be doubted. Notwithstanding the fact that 
 many citizens of Ypsilanti have acted well their part, much remains 
 to be done. There is a water-power capable of turning the mill 
 wheels of a nation, waiting for further utilization. To realize the 
 high hopes for the city, which its position and natural resources 
 would lead one to build up, factories must be erected, manufactur- 
 ers encouraged, and the 10,000-horse power of the Huron utilized. 
 The immense possibilities which open up to the citizens cannot be 
 overlooked. The greater the number of well-managed factories at 
 a common center, the greater the prosperity of each; and when one 
 takes a survey of the field, which Ypsilanti opens to the manufact- 
 urer, of that wild water-power, which may be trained at a com- 
 paratively small cost, one stands astonished to think of all that could 
 be done and is not. 
 
 BANKERS OF THE PAST AND.PKEBENT. 
 
 That the monetary interests of Ypsilanti have not been left un- 
 guarded, is proven in the subscribed sketches of its financial houses. 
 The old banking system of the " wild-cat" days worked its own 
 downfall, and above its ruins was ei'ected that sound system of fi- 
 nance now conferring benefits throughout the land. No doubt 
 whatever may exist in regard to the highly beneficial part enacted 
 by these institutions in that serio-comic play which raised this sec- 
 tion of the county from its wild condition ; nor can it be questioned 
 lor a moment, that to their timely organization, and subsequent 
 good management, the people owe much of their present prosperity. 
 In dealing with this subject, the historical sketch prepared by Mr. F. 
 P. Bogardus, may be taken as a most satisfactory account of banks 
 here, in the past as well as in the present. In its compilation, that 
 gentleman consulted such men as Chavincey Joslin, R. W. Yan 
 Fossen and N. K. Towner. Again the paper was submitted, a few 
 corrections suggested, and is now presented as a most valuable ad- 
 dition to this history. 
 
 The Sank of Ypsilanti. — The first attempt in this city at 
 banking was the organization of the Bank of Ypsilanti, chartered 
 by a special act of the Legislature, approved March 28, 1836. The 
 corporators were Henry Compton, Arden H. Ballard, Marcus 
 Lane, Mark JSTorris, Silas French and Grove Spencer, with Tim- 
 othy Treadwell, President, and David Balantine, Cashier, — the last 
 named being succeeded in May, 1837, by Benj. Follett. The cap- 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. • 1143 
 
 ital stock of the bank was $100,000, in shares of $50 each, of which 
 10 per cent, was payable in specie at once, and the balance when 
 the directors might so ordain. Its organization was completed and 
 the office opened for business about two months after the act of 
 incorporation. For three years this bank carried on a large business, 
 sustaining such credit that its notes circulated freely as far west 
 as Chicago, and retained the coniidence of the public some time 
 after the "wild-cat" subsequently issued here had gone where the 
 woodbine twineth. During these three years, it was undoubtedly 
 a great help to the few business men then iiourishing in our young 
 village; but at this time the stock changed hands, being controlled 
 by Lewis Godard and his associates, and the institution, after their 
 year's administration, was in such a condition that the Attorney 
 General of the State was obliged to throw it into bankruptcy, and 
 wind up its business. 
 
 The Huron Hiver Bank . — The next domestic addition to our 
 banking capital was organized in 1838 under the "wild-cat" gen- 
 eral banking law, having as stockholders: A. H. Ballard, Henry 
 Compton, James M' Edmunds, Gilbert Shattuck, Richard E. 
 Morse, Leonard Osgood, and some others, — a list of names suffi- 
 ciently like that of the corporators of its elder sister, the Bank of 
 Tpsilanti. The Huron River concern began the flood of its prom- 
 ises to pay in 1838, issuing freely, with Arden H. Ballard as Pres- 
 ident and Myron V. Hall, Cashier. The redemption of these notes 
 was secured by mortgages on real estate property at one half its 
 value. As a specimen of the conscientious care exercised to make 
 a safe valuation, may be mentioned that of the French claim 681, 
 comprising about 630 acres ( of which George Mooreman's present 
 farm constitutes a part ), cautiously estimated at $65,000, or 
 slightly over $100 per acre; unquestionably well worth it at that 
 early day, covered as it was with a fine growth of timber, only 30 
 miles from Detroit by the new corduroy road. The institution con- 
 tinued its beneficent career about 18 months, when, failing to re- 
 deem its circulation with its standing timber of beech, oak, maple 
 and softer woods, it was incontinently thrown into bankruptcy. 
 Geo. M. Skinner was appointed receiver, and about the same time 
 the Supreme Court of the State declared the law under which it 
 was created unconstitutional. Its creditors, though sharp of scent, 
 lost all track of its assets. In connection with the mortgage re- 
 ferred to above, Ballard had no title whatever to the lands which 
 he assigned. It was the property of the original patentee, Peppin, 
 and fell into possession of his son in 1841-'2. Chauncey Joslin 
 purchased the southeast quarter of this claim in 1849, for $8 per 
 acre, and Benj. Woodrulf', two years later, bought the northeast 
 quarter for $10 per acre, irom Mr. Backus, of Detroit. 
 
 The Bank of Superior. — The next "wild-cat" birth in this 
 neighborhood had its den in what was then called Lowell, near the 
 place where the mills of the Ypsilanti Paper Co. are now located. 
 It was christened the " Bank of Superior," and had for its god- 
 
1144 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 fathers, John Yan Fossen, President, and James M. Edmunds. 
 Cashier. The stockholders' roll comprised the names of Arden H. 
 Ballard, John Yan Fossen, J. M. Edmunds, A. Wilber, and a few 
 other farmers in the town of Superior, — the last fact doubtless sug- 
 gesting its name. This "wild cat" had neither claws nor tail. 
 Attempting to give the stereotype security on real estate, it was 
 found that, valuable as that real estate ought to be, the titles to it 
 were so defective that no cheek could be brazen enough to issue 
 notes depending upon it for redemption. Nevertheless, about $300 
 of its notes were stolen and put in circulation. This was so great 
 a blow upon its assets, that it ceased all further attempts to bene- 
 fit our local public. 
 
 Follett, Conklin & Oo.''s Bank. — After time had cleared away 
 the fossils of these first banking growths, some sound, vigorous 
 timber succeeded them. In 1852 Benj. Follett, Isaac N. Oonkliu 
 and Samuel Y. Denton organized under the firm name of 
 " Follett, Conklin & Co." They opened an ofiice at the depot, in 
 the second story of the building, afterward burned, and since 
 known as Carr's Hotel. In 1853 S. Y. Denton withdrew, and his 
 place was presently occupied by Chas. H. Tisdale. In 1854 their 
 offices were removed to the Hewitt Block, and two years later, in 
 1856, to the building now forming the office of the First National 
 Bank. This property was purchased from "Weidenfield Brothers 
 that year. Here the firm continued business until 1862, when the 
 partnership was dissolved. ' 
 
 B. Follett & Go's. Bank.— In 1862 Benjamin Follett and E. W. 
 Hemphill formed a partnership under the firm title of B. Follett 
 & Co., and began banking operations in the Follett House Block, 
 in the room afterward devoted to the law office of Norris & Uhl. 
 This firm transacted business until 1865, when it changed its name 
 and location, — its name to Cornwell, Hemphill & Co.; its location 
 to "Mormon's Block." 
 
 E. c& F. P. Bogardus. — This firm of bankers was organized 
 May 1, 1860. Two years later the company purchased the present 
 National Bank premises, and continued to transact business there 
 until February, 1867, when they consolidated their interests with 
 those of the First National Banking Company, hitherto established. 
 
 The First Natiotud Bank was organized Jan. 4, 1864, by 
 Ben. Follett, I. N. Conklin, Asa Dow, D. L. Quirk, and Cornelius 
 Cornwell. This association was subsequently joined by the mem- 
 bers of the Bogardus firm. The present directory includes I. N. 
 Conklin, Edgar Bogardus and L. A. Barnes, with F. P. Bogardus, 
 Cashier. 
 
 Benjamin Follett's name alone has been carried down from the 
 days of the " Ballard Banks " to the present day, as the only sur- 
 vivor of all the wild speculators of the past. Entering the Ypsilanti 
 bank as cashier, a few days after his arrival in Michigan, and while 
 still under the age of 18 years, he learned much of the evil system, 
 so that when the time of reformation arrived, he was the first to see 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1145 
 
 a means of establishing a bona fide concern, which would prove 
 profitable to its projectors and patrons alike. In 1852 he estab- 
 lished an interest and deposit bank, and from such a cautious be- 
 ginning comes the well managed First National, of Ypsilanti. 
 
 The banks of the present time operated here rest on sure founda- 
 tions, which cannot fall to pieces, even under extraordinary circum- 
 stances. High principles direct the officers ; prudence characterizes 
 the directors; this world has bestowed upon their capitalists 
 a large share of her goods, and thus confers upon the city a few 
 institutions where the capital of the unenterprising plutocrat may 
 increase, even though it aids his less fortunate neighbor. 
 
 EAILEOADS. 
 
 I%e Monroe <& Ypsilanti R. E. — In 1836, the Monroe & Ypsi- 
 lanti R. K. Company was organized, with a paper capital stock of 
 $400,000. The charter provided that the line should run from 
 Ypsilanti, via Rawson's Mill, to within a few miles of Monroe. 
 Twelve miles was to be in operation by the year 1840, and the road 
 completed in 1844. However, the passing of the charter was the 
 only step taken. 
 
 The Ypsilanti c& Tecumseh R. ^.^The incorporation of a 
 company to build this railroad took place in 1838. The capital stock 
 equaled $200,000, with $100,000 loaned to the company by the 
 State. Little was done to carry out the terms of the charter. En- 
 gineer Bronson Murray directed a few contractors to enter upon 
 grading their sections, which order was obeyed, and as soon forgot- 
 ten. The curious traveler may yet view the result of the labors of 
 those contractors, south, in the city limits, a little east of the Mon- 
 roe road. $60,000 of the State loan were expended, when the State 
 ceased the advance of more money, and with that action the work 
 ceased to advance. The passage of this charter was due to the 
 Speaker of the House, who made a bet that the bill would pass. 
 
 Detroit (& St. Joseph R. R. carried out some of the provisions 
 of a charter granted in 1831. In 1837 the State bought the road, 
 changing its title to that of the " Central Koad." The old com- 
 pany, with a paper capital of $1,500,000, pushed forward the work 
 of construction, and succeeded in gradinga few rods east of Detroit. 
 The completion of the road to Ypsilanti Feb. 8, 1838, by the State, 
 after an expenditure of $400,000, was an event of great importance 
 to the villagers. The " Central " at this period should have been 
 named the " Grand Curved Line." The engineer in charge took 
 much care in following the course of the Huron, scarcely giving a 
 half mile to a straight line at any one place. The rolling stock of 
 this road in July, 1838, was four engines, two passenger vehicles, 
 and three freight trucks. Everything connected with the equip- 
 ment of the road was singularly primitive, and afforded the wits of 
 Ypsilanti full subject for indulging in their penchant. It was the 
 introduction to the great railroad system, which now confers so 
 many benefits on almost every section of the State. 
 
1146 HISTOHY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 A TRIP TO TPSILANTI BY EAIL. 
 
 The first railroad train'which'.left Detroit, as well as the first to 
 arrive at Ypsilanti, appeared Feb. 8, 1838. The excursionists com- 
 prised, among others, Governor Mason, John D. Pierce and Com- 
 missioner "Willis. The engineer in charge succeeded in coming 
 hither; bnt in returning, this great fireman of Battle Creek burned 
 out the flues of the engine, entailed a heavy expense on the com- 
 pany, and so disorganized the whole engine that the State officers, 
 with their distinguished guests, were compelled to walk into De- 
 troit. 
 
 DETROIT, HILLSDALE AND YPSILANTI E. E. 
 
 In December, 1868, J. F. Joy wrote a letter to Chauncey Joslin, 
 suggesting the propriety of building a railroad between Ypsilanti 
 and Hillsdale. On Jan. 1, 1869, a day of storms, Mr. Joslin went 
 to Detroit to confer with Joy. Subsequently he visited Lansing, 
 laid the subject before a few of his friends there, who received the 
 project favorably. Mr. Coon, member from Hillsdale, returned to 
 his home immediately, agitated the subject there, and ultimately 
 arranged for a conference at Ypsilanti. Previous to this meeting 
 Mr. Joslin advised that the road be built from Ypsilanti via AdrisLU, 
 over the route recently selected by the projectors of the new Butler 
 Hoad. A company was incorporated immediately, municipal aid 
 demanded and granted, and soon the work of construction was 
 begun. Hillsdale subscribed $100,000, Ypsilanti voted $50,000, 
 and all the villages and townships on the proposed route voted or 
 subscribed large sums of money. 
 
 This wholesale pledging of municipalities now attracted some 
 attention. On May 26, 1870, the Supreme Court decided that 
 all aid voted by municipal corporations to railroad companies 
 was unconstitutional, and refused to compel the township of Salem 
 which voted monetary aid to the Detroit & Hillsdale road, to issue 
 such bonds. After the decision in the case of the People vs. Town- 
 ship Board of Salem, of all the bonds issued, every township board 
 and village corporation received back such issue, leaving Ypsilanti's 
 alone in the hands of the company, amounting to $32,700. The 
 balance, $17,300, was delivered to citizens, who, subsequent to the 
 decision of the Supreme Court, subscribed to the capital stock of 
 the road. 
 
 Within a week after this celebrated case was disposed of, Mr. 
 Joy, President of the railroad company, wrote to Mr. Joslin that 
 since the Supreme Court had declared the city bonds void, the city 
 owed to the railroad a duty which dictated that the citizens should 
 take stock equal to the amount hitherto voted by them, and offering 
 to return the bonds if they would take $40,000 railroad stock. Mr. 
 Joslin replied that it was impossible to raise that amount of stock. 
 The railroad man returned a proposition that $30,000 of stock 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1147 
 
 ■would be accepted as an equivalent to the aid voted. To this Mr. 
 Joslin responded, saying that he thought even this sum was not 
 forthcoming; but an effort would be made. Soon afterward D. L. 
 Quirk, a director and superindendent of the road, with L. D. Norris, 
 attorney of the road, called a public meeting to forward the move- 
 ment of subscribing stock. On the afternoon of the day of meeting 
 Mr. Quirk called on Mr. Joslin, and stated among other things, 
 that the company proposed, if the citizens would subscribe $20,000 
 capital stock, it would be accepted by the railroad company in lieu 
 of the bonds declared void. It would appear from this that the 
 company held out a threat that the amount of bonds would be 
 collected. This is not so, the only threat held out being that of a 
 breach of honor; for, if the city would not help the company, which 
 had actually completed six miles of the road to Saline, a point of 
 honor would not be sustained by the citizens. This meeting was 
 held in Light Guard Hall. Speeches were made by Messrs. 
 Norris, Quirk, John Gilbert, S. M. Cutcheon, C. E. Pattison, Dr. 
 P. Davis, Chauncey Joslin and a few others. The moral obligation 
 of the people to give aid was clearly established. 
 
 The main resolution carried at that meeting approved of the 
 raising of $20,000. Quirk and Norris produced the stock book, 
 and they with others waited on the prominent men of the town, so 
 that, in 12 or 15 days, $19,500 were subscribed, with a sum set 
 dowh for others, who promised to subscribe, equal to $2,000 more. 
 At this point the stock book was withdrawn, and never presented 
 again to the people. As soon as this stock was paid up, the com- 
 pany notified the city that the city bonds had been sold to Taylor, 
 of New York, and that the said bonds must be paid in full. The city 
 remonstrated, suit was brought in the United States Court by Taylor, 
 the city allowed the case to go by default, and judgment was taken 
 for three years' interest. The fourth and fifth years' interest was 
 paid voluntarily. Then the common council said to the railroad 
 company, "You must give the city credit for the $19,500 stock, 
 or we shall not pay any further sum upon the bonds." 
 
 Taylor instituted a second suit, was beaten, and now the cause is 
 pending in the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 This statement is introduced, not only on account of its historical 
 merit, but chiefiy at the reqest of Mr. Joslin, who desires to 
 vindicate the honor of the city, and preserve its fair fame. 
 
 In 1879, one-half the stock was disposed of to John Alley, of 
 Boston, at a discount of 70 per cent. This resulted from the fact that 
 the company' had hitherto borrowed $1,100,000, on which sura it was 
 unable to pay interest. The bondholders foreclosed the mortgage, 
 bought in the property and issued new stock among themselves. 
 Now, February, 1881, a report is current that the Michigan Central 
 corporation has purchased the road in its entirety with the intention 
 of engrafting it on its present system. 
 
 By what chain of unfortunate circumstances the people of 
 Ypsilanti were induced to be so enthusiastic in regard to the build- 
 
114:8 HI8T0KT OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 ing of such a railroad, is unknown. Dr. Rexford, Charles King, 
 Captain Bogardus and others were the principal opponents of the 
 measure. Mr. Jennis proposed nothing less than a vote of $100,000; 
 S. M. Cutcheon urged a vote of $75,000, and C. Joslin the more 
 modest sum of $50,000. The losses falling on the city directly, may 
 be safely set down at $30,000, and the indirect losses for the first 
 10 years at $100,000. The profits arising from the trade of 
 Saline centered now injthe village of that name, would alone equal 
 that sum. 
 
 HOTELS OF YPSILANTI. 
 
 One of the first business enterprises projected by an American 
 settler in the neighborhood of Ypsilanti was Woodruff's Hotel, at 
 the Grove, built in 1823. This was a double log house, and the 
 first-class hostelry of the pioneer period. Here on July 4, 1824, 
 the first " ball " or " dance " ever given in Washtenaw county 
 was held. The celebration of that anniversary of Independence 
 Day, referred to in other pages, was concluded within Woodruff's 
 Hotel, almost all of those who participated in the celebration 
 proper taking part in the festivities of the night. John Bryan and 
 Jason Cross kept hotels at the Grove about the same time that 
 Woodruff carried on the business. 
 
 The Whitmore House, so called from the fact that Judge Wliit- 
 more resided there at one time, was erected by Mayor Woodruff in 
 1825-'6, and opened as a hotel by Mr. McKinstry in the latter year. 
 Judge Whitmore afterward made it his residence. The building 
 was beautifully situated on the west bank of the river, near Con- 
 gress street bridge, in rear of the present location of Hemphill's 
 bank, with a southern frontage. 
 
 The Perry House was built in the winter of 1827 by Chester 
 Perry, on the southeast corner of Congress and Huron. The 
 structure was large, well finished and furnished. The owner left 
 New York State early in 1827, with the intention of building a 
 hotel at Ypsilanti. He was accompanied by Salmon Champion 
 and a carpenter, — the latter engaged specially to construct the 
 house. In leaving for his new home, he brought with him a large 
 stock of hotel furniture and utensils, window glass and sashes, 
 nails and iron furnishings, with many other articles which might 
 be required in the new country. On arrival at Detroit, the goods 
 of Messrs. Perry and Champion were transhipped to a flat-boat, 
 hired for the purpose of taking the party and effects up the River 
 Huron. Arriving at Rawsonville the party disembarked, the goods 
 were landed, placed on wagons, and all pushed forward, reaching 
 Ypsilanti the day of arrival at Rawsonville. In 1S60 A. P. Buck- 
 lin purchased the house, and carried on the business of a first-class 
 hotel until 1867. The year following, the structure was destroyed 
 by fire. 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1149 
 
 The HawTcins House. — The nucleus of this hotel, known as 
 Tolland's Trading House, was built by Tolland, son-in-law of John 
 Stewart, about the year 1827. It was a log building, located on the 
 northwest corner of Congress and Washington streets. Tolland 
 kept a small trading store there for some short time, until it passed 
 into the possession of one Foster, who repaired it, and converted it 
 into a hotel. Foster, further, built a two-story frame house, west 
 of the old log building, in 1830, which was "the hotel" of the 
 village for years. Shortly after these improvements were effected 
 he disposed of his entire interest to Coy, who, in turn, sold to Dr. 
 Millington. This last-named purchaser deeded the property to 
 Abiel Hawkins in 1834. Mr. Hawkins arrived in the village the 
 year previous, and with this new purchase he entered on a pro- 
 gressive career which evidently had much to do in raising up the 
 hamlet to the rank of a village. The year after the new proprietor 
 received the hotel into his possession the western addition to the 
 building was made; subsequently the large return building, fronting 
 Washington street, was erected, so that by the year 1848 he had the 
 ground on which the new Union Block is built literally under a 
 hotel edifice, bearing the same important relation to the village of 
 that period as does the Hawkins House of to-day to the city of the 
 present time. In 1846 Abiel Hawkins deeded this valuable property 
 to his son, Walter H. Hawkins, who continued the hotel business 
 until 1879, when he disposed of the land, and moved the main 
 structure of his hotel further west, upon the property of the old 
 Tpsilanti banking company. This old building now forms the 
 rear or northern extension of the new Hawkins House. In it are 
 the dining-room and kitchens, with eight comfortable bed-rooms 
 above. The Ypsilanti Bank building forms the eastern wing of 
 the hotel, while the main structure, erected by W. H. Hawkins in 
 1879, forms the western or principal portion of the building. This 
 hotel was opened Sept. 24, 1879. The total cost of the building, 
 etc., may be set down at $25,000. The house is beautifully located, 
 *perfect in its arrangements, and one of the best conducted hotels 
 in the State. 
 
 The Old Colby House, two miles east of the city, was erected by 
 Zolva Bowen at a very early date — 1827 or 1828. For many years 
 he carried on the tavern business, and as it extended, enlarged the 
 house, so that at one time it was the most pretentious building be- 
 tween Ypsilanti and Detroit. The house was afterward conducted 
 by William Colby, who sold to E. D. Lay, who disposed of his in- 
 terest therein to Mr. Wyard. t 
 
 The '■'■Stack House'''' was built about 1827 and completed in 
 1830 by Mr. Stackhouse. It was a very important building in the 
 early years of the village, and was liberally patronized . John An- 
 drews, Geo. King, Abraham Sage and Andrew Brown carried on 
 the hotel business there successively. It is now the quarters of 
 several Africans. The house is at present standing on the north 
 side of Congress street, a short distance east of the bridge. Its 
 
1150 HISTOET 'OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 style of architecture, etc., gives- a very fair idea of the olden-time 
 village tavern. 
 
 The Western Hotel was built in 1838 by Mark Norris, east of 
 the Follett House, and opened for business in May, 1839, by 
 Abiel Hawkins and Abraham Sage. This was one of the great hotel 
 enterprises of the period. The building was brick, with stone 
 facings, well adapted to the uses for which it was designed, and 
 conducted with a remarkable ability. A short time after the in- 
 auguration of this hotel Mr. Hawkins bought out the interests of 
 Mr. Sage in the business, and continued in the management of the 
 house until he retired from business, making his home in the Brick 
 Hotel, subsequently known as the Union school. The "Western 
 has passed away ; it was torn down to make way for the Central 
 railroad extension, the brick of which it was built being utilized 
 in the construction of the buildings in the vicinity, particularly of 
 that block built by Mark Norris. 
 
 The Follett House was built in 1859 by a joint-stock com- 
 pany, of which Benj. Follett was a principal shareholder. Mr. 
 Follett purchased the entire interest in the building. The house 
 was opened as a hotel by John Davis, July 4, 1859, who operated 
 it until Dec. 9, 1859, when Abiel Hawkins took possession of it. 
 This gentleman continued business there until June, 1862, when it 
 was rented by John M. Cutler. Since that period the hotel has 
 been under the control of various parties. Aaron H. Goodrich, 
 now of Saline ; A. JST. Tisdale, at present of the Tisdale House, 
 Detroit ; Williams & Cutler, M. Cutler, and Mr. Stone have been 
 proprietors successively. The hotel is closed at the present time. 
 
 The Ballou House was built in 1832-'3, and now forms the rear 
 building of Shad's store. Ballou furnished the lot and material, 
 and John Bryan was the builder and first proprietor. For two or 
 three years Bryan carried on the business of a temperance hotel, 
 when he was succeeded by Ballou, who added a whisky department. 
 Nason Hutchins rented the hotel, married the widow of Mr. Ballou, 
 and became sole proprietor. Charles Shipman was proprietor foi^ 
 a short time. A Frenchman and a German kept the house later ; 
 ultimately it was purchased by Mr. Shad. 
 
 The Barton House was built about 1860. The hotel is now op- 
 erated by J. C. DeMosh. W. C. Ayres, Thomas Barton, J. H. 
 Wilcox and others were former owners of the building. 
 
 The BticJcUn House occupied the site of the Perry House, at 
 the southeast corner of Congress and Huron streets. 
 
 THE yPSILANTI OPEEA HOUSE, 
 
 if not one of the most extensive, is certainly superior to the greater 
 number of such establishments in its architectural beauty, and the 
 perfection of its arrangement. Built of red brick, with black brick 
 facings, all tastefully pointed, it conveys at once the idea that the 
 interior must be proportionately beautiful. The structure is sur- 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1151 
 
 mounted by a handsome cnpola or dome, and this in turn with orna- 
 mental iron work. The building was carried out under the super- 
 intendency of Albert Stuck, by the contractors, Newton and Oliver, 
 of this city; the plastering by Hanly Bros., Detroit, and the uphol- 
 stery by C. S. Elmer, of Ypsilanti. The architect who designed this 
 giant structure and its fairy ornamentation is Mortimer L. Smith; 
 the frescoes are the work of Haykin, Detroit; the varied scenery by 
 L. B. Chevalier; the lights by Samuel Gardner, late of Washington, 
 D. C. ; the painting and gilding by G. S. Amsden, and the stage 
 appointments by John Hanna. The ceiling of the theater bears 
 the medallion portraits of Longfellow, Shakspeare, Tennysop, 
 Byron, Scott and Prof. F. H. Pease. This home of music and 
 the drama was formally opened in January, 1880. Charles E. 
 Whitman delivered the inaugural address, and closed with the fol- 
 lowing peroration: — 
 
 " This is a temple to which the mighty dead shall come as to a 
 home. Shakspeare shall move us to tears of pity and sorrow, shall 
 make us thrill with terror, and quiver with rage, and shall 
 strengthen our hearts and hands to braver and nobler thinking and 
 doing. The masters of comedy shall make us forget our cares and 
 troubles, while we smile and grow happy in the sunshine of their 
 genial mirth. And here, too, perhaps, shall be heard the voices of 
 great composers: Beethoven, grand and sublime, shall speak to us 
 from those heights where dwells repose; Wagner shall bewilder us 
 with the lawless and irregular melodies of his school ; the'weird and 
 delicate notes of Chopin shall penetrate our innermost being. Here 
 shall sound the majestic strains of Handel's " Messiah," and Men- 
 delssohn's " Elijah" ; and Mozart, and Haydn, and Schubert, and 
 Schuman, and Kossini, and Sullivan — -the whole company of music- 
 makers, shall come and speak to us in tones inspiring holy love." 
 
 The citizens owe much to lilessrs. Bogardus, Curtis and Quirk, 
 whose enterprise raised this beautiful monument. This feeling was 
 exhibited, in a slight degree, on the night the opera house was for- 
 mally opened, when Mr. E. Sampson presented Mr. Bogardus with a 
 valuable testimonial in token of the high esteem in which he was 
 held by the citizens at large, and as a souvenir of the successful 
 inauguration at the opera house. 
 
 THE YPSILANTI CITY BAND, 
 
 which enjoys a fame abroad, as well as credit at home, was organ- 
 ized in 1876, with a membership of six, and Charles Skinner as the 
 leader. The membership, however, increased yearly, with only 
 men of known ability, until now it comprises 22. The first public 
 appearance of the band was at Chicago,where they led in an import- 
 ant street pageant as the leading band of the day, while the elegant 
 uniforms were the subject of admiring comment. At the State 
 tournament at Flint, Mich., they received the second prize for 
 playing and the first for drill. The band has a very substantial 
 
1162 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 patronage among societies and proprietors of halls for a good 
 distance around through the country. The membership now com- 
 prises the following: J. H. McKinstry, Manager; Charles T. Skin- 
 ner, Leader; Joseph Eaton, snare drum; Thomas Yan iiiper, bass 
 drum; Chet. Elmore, B Flat cornet; Hobert Davis, piccolo; 
 George R. Hopkins, IstBFlat clarionet; Eobert Young, baritone; 
 Kobert Stephens, E Flat cornet; Clayton Yates, 1st B Flat tenor; 
 John "W. Wise, 2dB Flat tenor; Jacob Foerster, 1st B Flat tenor; 
 Arthur "Watling, tuba; Daniel Callahan, tuba; Oscar Rogers, B 
 Flat bass; A. Bedell, solo alto; Wm. McDermott, 1st alto; 
 Lewis Clappen, 2d alto; John Stiller, 1st B Flat cornet; Charles 
 Skinner, jr., cymbals; E. H. Borce, drum major; "Wm. Bell, 2d 
 B Flat cornet. 
 
 The first band organized in this city was known as the " Light 
 Guard Band," and comprised a portion of the present membership 
 of the Ypsilanti City Band. 
 
 THE LIGHT GTTAED IN THE WAE. 
 
 In the pages devoted to the military history of Washtenaw 
 county, the early military affairs of Ypsilanti should be fully treated ; 
 therefore a special reference here to the men who went to the 
 front at once, is only necessary. The roster at the period of "mus- 
 ter out" is taken as the only certain means of recording the names 
 of the members of Co. H., First Regiment (3 months) Mich. Inf , 
 who served in the inaugural campaign, and who were discharged 
 Aug. 7, 1861:— P. C. Perry, Frederick C. Joslin, Cicero New- 
 ell, W. H. Miller, H. R. Scovell, Smith Babcock, W. D. Simmons, 
 Robert Reynolds, James St. Clair, Albert Stuck, G. R. Anderson, 
 Stockton Allen, H. S. Boutelle, Thomas Baker, John Brining, D. 
 S. Brundage, Wm. Cole, Peter Clark, E. Carson, Nelson Curtiss, J. 
 M. Carr, Darius Curtiss, Joseph Davis, Thomas Davis, O. H. Elli- 
 ott, T. W. Elton, Franklin Eaton, C. E. Foote, Wm. Herdman, E. 
 A. Herrick, Lorenzo Haight, Charles Hess, Geo. Hess, Geo. H. 
 Jackson, Michael Keane, Orrin King, W. B. Kelly, James Larkin, 
 Rufus Lavelle, James McCoy, Park McComber, Geo. Marshall, 
 John Norton, Thomas O'Neil, R. J. Parkhurst, Nathan Putnam, 
 Geo. S. Phillips, Henry Post, W. H. Parker, W. H. H. Russell, 
 Henry Ruell, J. L. Rorison, W. H. Randall, L. C. Randall, Clin- 
 ton Spencsr, Lewis Spawn, Charles Smith, F. W. Smith, John 
 Smith, Alvah Smith, jr., G. H. Simmons, J. E. Shaffer, Abram 
 Scott, I. B. Tuttle, Charles Twist, A. Tuller, O. YanYalkenburgh, 
 Harmon Wise, J. M. Wallace, L. Watson, W. H. Worden, J. W. 
 Bingham, J. H. Hodgkins. On May 20, 1862, Murray Baker, 
 Geo. Baker and Geo. S. Phillips were mustered out, evidently after 
 a continued service of twelve months' duration. Philip Chivers 
 was reported missing after the Bull Run affair July 21, 1861. This 
 company, known as the " Ypsilanti Light Guard," was the first in 
 the State to offer its services. A few days after the attack on Fort 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1155 
 
 Sumter, the members were e« row^e to the front, and present with 
 the Ist Michigan Infantry at Alexandria and Bull Eun. On the 
 completion of its term of service, the volunteers invariably re- en- 
 listed in the Ist Mich. Inf., reorganized at Ann Arbor, and fought 
 to the close of the war with signal bravery. Many of the soldiers 
 fell on Southern battle-fields; one only returned here to die. ^ 
 
 The soldiers from Yp&ilanti city and vicinity, who held Commis- 
 sions in the Union army, are named in the following list: 
 
 Truman W. Elton, Captain 3d Cavalry, 
 
 Byron M. Cutcheon, 30lh Infantry. 
 
 Delos Phillips, Major 17th Infantry. 
 
 Clinton Spencer, Captain Reserve Corps. 
 
 Heniy S. Boutell, brevet Captain 4th Michigan Cavalry. 
 
 Wm. H. Perkins, Captain Co. H, 1st Michigan Cavalry. 
 
 C. S. Wortley, 1st Lieut. Co. K, 30th Michigan Infantiy. 
 
 Geo. N. Harmon, 1st Lieut. 17th Michigan Infantry. 
 
 Henry Shier, 1st Lieut. 3d Michigan Battery. 
 
 J. E. Bassett, Co A, 1st Michigan Artillery. 
 
 Wm. Shier, 24th Infantry. 
 
 Prank Shier, 34th Infantry. 
 
 Sheldon Crittenden, 24th Michigan Infantry. 
 
 Levy Freeman, 34th Infantry. 
 
 Samuel E. Hudson, Captain Co. F, 1st Sharpshooters. 
 
 E. T. Curtis, horse battery, 6th N. Y. Independent. 
 
 G. D. Pierce, 41st U. S. Colored Volunteers. 
 
 C. F. Ballard, 20th Infantry. 
 
 David Stanway, Capt. Co. G, 1st Vet. Vols. 
 
 W. G. Shipman, Co. B, 20th Infantry. 
 
 Major Cicero Newell, 10th Cavalry. 
 
 A. A. VanCleve, Captain 30th Infantry, 
 
 Prescott M. Skinner, Captain 20th Infantry. 
 
 John L. Tau, 17th Infantry. 
 
 John H. Smith, Co. F, 6th Heavy Artillery. 
 
 James H. Webb, 24th Infantry. 
 
 Wm. A. Siegel, 1st Infantry. 
 
 Hadley H. Webb, 17th Infantry. 
 
 Thos. J. Edwards, 1st Infantry. 
 
 Wm. Edwards, 1st Infantry. 
 
 Salmon B. Ormsby, Captain 108th U. S. Colored Infantry. 
 
 D. C. Batchelder, 1st Lieut. Co. F, 6th Cavalry. 
 
 E. W. Merritt, 2d Company Sharpshooters, 37th Infantry. 
 A. M. Smith, Co. B, Ist Kansas Cavalry. 
 
 C, N. Webb, 1st Lieut. 11th Infantry. 
 
 E. Johnson, 1st Cavalry. 
 
 John Millin, 136th New York Volunteers. 
 
 Y. J. Henderson, 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry. 
 
 M. B. Kenyon, 10th New York Infantry. 
 
 J. N. Wallace, brevet Major 13th U. 8. Colored Infantry. 
 
 Geo. P. Sanford, brevet Lieut. Col. U. S. Army. 
 
 0. B. Curtis, Corporal 34th Infantry. 
 
 Wm. A. Barnard, Captain 20th Infantry. 
 
 THE NOEMAL COMPANY. 
 
 In the summer of 1862, when the Union army was driven.? back 
 from Kichmond, and President Lincoln was summoning fresh 
 troops to reinforce our depleted ranks, the students of the State 
 Normal school resolved to form themselves into a company and 
 
 67 
 
1156 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. . 
 
 go forth to the fight at their country's call. The company was or- 
 ganized at Ypsilanti. It was composed chiefly of young men from 
 the Normal school and Universitj', a number of volunteers being 
 also admitted from the vicinity. 
 
 It was, of course, called the " JSTormal Company," Gabriel Camp- 
 bell, a graduate, being made Captain, and Thomas Mathews and 
 James T. Morgan being chosen as First and Second Lieutenants 
 respectively. The members of the company received $10 each as 
 local bounty from the citizens of Ypsilanti. In addition to this 
 the leading business and professional men made up a purse snfii- 
 cient to purchase a handsome sword, belt and sash, which were 
 presented to Captain Campbell at a large public meeting held in 
 "Hewitt Hall," Prof. J. M. B. Sill, of the Normal school, now 
 superintendent of the city schools of Detroit, making the presenta- 
 tion address. Dr. Cocker, at present of the University at Ann 
 Arbor, upon invitation, preached a special sermon to the company 
 at the Methodist church on the Sabbath preceding their departure 
 for Detroit, where it was assigned to the 17th Regiment of Michi- 
 gan Infantry as " Company E." This regiment, under command of 
 Col. W. H. Withington, of Jackson, immediately (in August) started 
 for the seat of war and was made a part of the 1st Brigade of the 
 Ist division of the 9th Army Corps, which was under command of 
 Gen. Burnside. 
 
 The Normal Company was visited while in Pleasant "Valley, 
 Maryland, by Prof. A. S. "Welch, the Principal of the Normal 
 school, who spent several days with his old students in the field. 
 In general, the work of the Normal Company was indistinguish- 
 able from that of the 17th Regiment, of which it was a part. The 
 regiment was at first in the army of the Potomac. In the spring 
 of 1863 it went to Kentucky; thence it was called to participate in 
 the siege of Vicksburg, after whose fall it returned to Tennessee. 
 Near the close of the war it again joined the army of the Potomac, 
 and was finally detached as body guard for the general command- 
 ing the division. The Normal Company participated in all the 
 numerous battles through which the regiment passed, sustaining 
 the severest losses and injuries at South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862; 
 Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862; and near Knoxville the following year, 
 everywhere meeting the arms of the enemy with most commend- 
 able bravery, and enduring fatigue and exposure with patience and 
 even cheerfulness. At South Mountain the full company in their 
 first battle took part in one of the most famous struggles of the 
 war. It was the turning of the tide and the beginning of the suc- 
 cess of the Union cause. "We append an extract from a poetical 
 description of the battle, written by Captain Campbell, who led the 
 Normal Company. The roster of this company is given in the 
 county history. 
 
 Of the number who went forth, the following men were killed in 
 battle: At South Mountain — Robert C. Irwin, Alexander Mc Kin- 
 nnn, and "William A. "Woodard; at Antietam — Francis E. King, 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 115Y 
 
 Gilbert B. Peck, and Webster Euckmau ; near KnoxviUe—George 
 P. Hathaway, and Walter B. Maxfield; at Spottsylvania, Herbert 
 N. Lonsbury; at Petersburg— -Edwin A. Bush. 
 
 The following died of their wounds: G.Myron Ha wley (South 
 Mountain), Daniel G. Hopkins (South Mountain), John H. Marvin 
 (Antietam), Frederick S. Webb (Antietam), Geo. W. McMichael 
 (Knoxville). 
 
 The following died of disabilities incurred in the service: Lieut. 
 Jas. T. Morgan (at home), Salmon E. Haight (Fredericksburg), 
 Foster Ames (Lebanon, Ky.), William H. Orndt (Wasliington), 
 Samuel F. Aulls (Washington), Charles J. Cady (Florence prison), 
 Silas W. Chapman (Frederick City), Harrison McFall (Anderson- 
 ville prison), Thomas W. Gretton (Anderson ville prison), Robert 
 E.Yining (Louisville), and Squier Mathews (Covington, Ky.). 
 
 The following were discharged on account of wounds: Sergeant 
 John A. McDougall, David S. Howard, Henry D. Burr, Wm. T. 
 Daines, Gregory E. Dibble, Wm. H. Eckler, ' Seth E. Engle, Ed- 
 ward A. Haight, F. J. Hotchkin, L. M. Jones, Schuyler McFall, 
 Yenory Watson, Irwin Shepard, and A. F. Willcox. 
 
 For other disabilities the following were discharged: Sergeant' 
 Geo. W. Hough, A. T. Billings, H. Brander, A. W. Chapman, H. 
 C. Hayes, M. E. Hillman, C. H. Jones, R. A. Parker, Thomas 
 Parr, K M. Stiles, H. B. Sturdevant, W. H. Sweezy, L. F. Thomp- 
 son, and H. H. Webb. 
 
 Of Captain Campbell see biographical sketch elsewhere. Lieu- 
 tenant Mathews was wounded at Antietam and subsequently promo- 
 ted to the rank of Major. Lieut. Morgan had been made Captain. 
 Sergeant Phillips escaped from a railway train, while a prisoner, 
 and was promoted to a Captaincy and afterward made Lieutenant 
 Colonel of a new regiment; he is now in the organ business in 
 Kalamazoo. Sergeant Safford became Captain and is now a mer- 
 chant in Grand Haven. Sergeant Hough holds a municipal office 
 in the city of Detroit. Sergeant Waltman was wounded, made his 
 escape from Anderson ville prison, had several promotions, graduated 
 at the Normal school and the University, and is now a lawyer in 
 Chicago. Sergeant McDougall is a farmer in Superior. Corporals 
 Wier and Harmon were made Lieutenants. J. M. Brewing (wounded 
 at South Mountain) is farming in Augusta; H. H. Webb in 
 Pittsfield; John Horning and W. H. Sweezy near Manchester, and 
 P. V. Fellows in Sharon. W. H. Brearley is city editor of the De- 
 troit Evening JVews; Geo. D. Herrick teaches music in Grand 
 Rapids; Herbert Deuel and A. T. Billings are in business in Phil- 
 adelphia; E. A. Haight is President of a university in Indiana; 
 J. M. Wood is principal of a ward school in Chicago; Geo. H. 
 Hopkins is a lawyer, has been Governor's Secretary, and is at pres- 
 ent a member of the Michigan Legislature; Irwin Shepard (wounded 
 at battle of the Wilderness) graduated at the Normal and Olivet 
 College, is now Principal of the State Normal school at Winona, 
 Minnesota. Corporal Frederick S. Webb, son of Dr. N. J. Webb, 
 
1158 ' BISTORT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 before his death sent an original poem to the Normal Lyceum, 
 which was published in one of the Tpsilanti papers. The follow- 
 ing lines are an extract : 
 
 " My loved Normal halls ! 'neath heaven's blue dome ! 
 No place I hold dearer ; no spot that still brings 
 Such tender reflections on memory's wings 
 
 ******* 
 
 I was hurt at Antietam ; on my forehead I bear 
 A wound that a rebel shot gave to me there ; 
 And now in the hospital, lonesome and weary, 
 I spend the long days — Oh, so long and so dreary ! 
 But that matters little so long as the land 
 Is saved from destruction at treason's red hand, — 
 That red hand of treason ! Oh, God ! shall it sweep 
 All over our land like a storm o'er the deep? 
 Or shall gardens of happiness, nursed in the beams 
 Of liberty's sun, and bedewed with the streams 
 Of peace and prosperity, yet gladden the sight 
 Where war is now waging its desolate fight?" 
 
 John H. Marvin, who was killed at Antietam, was married just 
 before the company left Ypsilanti. About a month thereafter bis 
 j'oung widowed bride wrote a poem commemorative of his burial, 
 " Down by Potomac's Side," which was published in the Detroit 
 Tribune. It was written Sept. 27, 1862, after her husband breathed 
 his last Sept. 18 , the day succeeding the battle of Antietam. We 
 extract two stanzas. 
 
 " Ten thousand noble ones laid low 
 
 By bullet, shot and shell. 
 Oh, tell me not that my idol one 
 
 In that fearful conflict fell ; 
 Not that the murderous shell struck down 
 
 My husband brave — my pride ; 
 Not that his mangled body lies 
 
 Down by Potomac's side. 
 
 The battle's o'er, — but he'll ne'er return, 
 
 My darling one — my all. 
 'Tis hard that he, so good and pure, 
 
 For his country's sins must fall. 
 This earth is dark, and cold, and drear, — 
 
 Oh, would that I had died 
 With my brave young hero far away, 
 
 Down by Potomac's side !" 
 
 The Normal Lyceum published a series of resolutions honoring 
 in the strongest terms the self-sacrificing patriotism of the fallen 
 heroes of the Normal Company and declaring that the Normal 
 school "in sending forth her young men to preserve our national 
 existence, she graduates them to a higher school, and one to which 
 posterity, not a nerveless race, but millions of freemen, thanking 
 heaven that a noble ancestry was theirs, will look as theconservers 
 cf our liberties." 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1159 
 
 THE SEPULCHEES OF THE WYANDOTTES. 
 
 In the early years of the village the settlers looked upon the 
 great burial ground of the Indians. This rude cemetery extended 
 along the west bank of the river, from Catharine street to a line 
 drawn east from Pearl street; it presented a surface of conical 
 hills. The relics of Indian settlement, and the innumerable pres- 
 ents bestowed upon each dead warrior (which, however, did not 
 accompany him to the happy hunting grtjunds), are so many evi- 
 dences of Ypsilanti being the favorite home of the tribes in the 
 dim past. Stone hatchets and iron brooches and rings of silver, 
 arrows, arrow-heads, paring knives, skulls, unnumbered skeletons, 
 remain to tell of their occupation, to relate the story of their rise 
 and fall. This ancient burial ground is now concealed by the four 
 important blocks forming the center of the city. The ground on 
 which Mr. Joslin's residence is built was the nucleus of this old 
 cemetery. 
 
 As late as May, 1851, and even for three years later, Mr. Jos- 
 lin's sons disinterred hundreds of relics; other boys joined in the 
 archaeological pursuits, and soon the homes of the village were 
 museums of Wyandotte souvenirs. 
 
 CEMETERIES OLD AND NEW. 
 
 The first cemetery was bounded on the south by the gravel 
 road. This was a rude burial place, unfenced until 184:7. There 
 were between 150 and 200 persons buried there. When a motion 
 was made to remove the bodies of the dead to a new cemetery a 
 shout of sacrilege was raised. The first cemetery was deeded by 
 Judge Larzelere to the village in 1830, as a gift. 
 
 The second cemetery was at the east end of Ellis street. With 
 additions it comprised nine acres. Its location was so far away 
 from the village of that day, it was judged the city would never 
 extend so far. It is said that over 1,000 persons have been interred 
 there. Five acres were purchased from Mark Norris, in 1842 or '43, for 
 about $200. A subsequent addition of 400 acres was made. 
 
 In 1858 Mayor Joslin proposed to buy the grounds for cemetery 
 purposes on the east bank of the Huron, now known as " High- 
 land cemetery." Messrs. Follett, Lambie, Welch, Stuck, Edwards, 
 and Dr. Town were members of the council that year, and co-oper- 
 ated with him ; but owing to the dissatisfaction expressed by the 
 people, the subject was allowed to drop. 
 
 Highland Cemetery has usurped the burial ground of the village 
 of former days. It has not grown like other places of interment, 
 but sprang into existence at once, and without notice, until now it as- 
 sumes an extensiveness and funereal beauty which arrests the attention 
 of the traveler and claim the admiration of the citizens. This temporary 
 resting place for the bodies of the dead is on the plateau east of 
 the Huron, and north of the expansion of that river. Its elevated 
 
1160 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 location evidently gained for it the name bestowed upon it by its 
 founders. The monuments are numerous, and some of them are 
 works of high art, marking the sepulchres of the Folletts, Norrises, 
 Grants, Hawkinses, Dows, Eexfords, McKinstrys, Moores, Yan 
 Cleves. The small monuments placed over the graves of two of 
 Mr. Joslin's children are beautiful in design, and add much to a 
 cemetery already made beautiful by nature. A walk round its 
 winding avenues brings up memories of many of those who were 
 the pioneers of Ypsilanti. At every turn, or drive-way, or walk, 
 some well-known name is perpetuated in enduring marble. 
 
 Of all who went forth from this city in defense of the principles 
 and integrity of the Republic, only one or two rest there. The 
 greater number of fallen comrades found graves on the ensanguined 
 fields of Virginia, Tennessee, and Georgia. No tell-tale head- 
 stone forms a guiding lamp to mothers, fathers, sisters or brothers 
 who would seek their soldiers' graves, to cover them with garlands, 
 or, perchance, remove the ashes of those they love to this northern 
 soil which nourished them in early years. Highland cemetery is 
 wanting in that one respect, and only in that, to tinge it with a 
 deeper romance. 
 
 On laying out this cemetery, Col. Glenn, of Niles, was employed 
 as architect. His design centered in the beautiful confusion of 
 curved and circled paths and drive-ways leading through vistas 
 already formed by the oak groves, and others, at that time pros- 
 pective. Since Mr. Glenn's labors on the lovely plateau, the 
 cypress, willow, pine and cedar have been added to the groves, the 
 roads and terraces he designed now run through the green par- 
 terres, and the capital has been placed upon the plans of the master 
 gardener. 
 
 The dedicatory ceremony was performed July 14, 1864; Dr. F. 
 K. Kexford presided. On that occasion Kev. John A. Wilson, 
 Pastor of St. Luke's Church, read the Scriptures; fiev. Geo. P. 
 Tindall oifered the prayer; Prof A. S. Welch delivered the oration; 
 Mayor Edwards, Benjamin Follett and Chauncey Joslin spoke in 
 congratulatory terms of the successful inauguration of the enter- 
 prise; the musical programme was carried out under the direction 
 of Prof Pease. The services were held on block 32. 
 
 Elias Norton, who died July 10, 1864, aged 75 years, was buried 
 the daj^ preceding that of dedication. The interment took place 
 on lot 1, block No. 1. This is supposed to be the first grave ten- 
 anted by the body of a white man in this cemetery. Mrs. M. A. 
 Dow, who died July 12, 1864, aged 39, was buried on lot 24, block 
 No. 62, July 13. Since that period 546 deeds have been issued. 
 The grounds comprise 40 acres, through which run three miles of 
 driveways and three miles of gravel walks. The gate lodge was erected 
 during the year 1880, at a cost of $2,500. it is a very handsome 
 structure, gotten up in the chalet style of architecture, with all its 
 eaves and cornices, pointed gables, and plain windows. The ve- 
 randa is peculiarly Swiss, forming a continuation of the roof, and 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1161 
 
 supported by slight pillars springing from a raised platform'. On 
 the right of the gateway is a small, tastily constructed building 
 designed for the sexton's office. From the entrance three avenues 
 lead to the cemetery proper. Shade-trees are set along the separat- 
 ing parterres, giving to this portion of the grounds the appearance 
 of a boulevard. The grounds are well ordered, the owners of lots, 
 as well as the sexton, co-operating in their marked attention to the 
 temporary homes of the dead, — the coujp cP oeil magnificent, and 
 the whole cemetery a credit to the city, and particularly to its 
 founders. 
 
 SCHOOLS OF THE PIONEER PERIOD. 
 
 Within two years after the advent of the American pioneers to 
 this section of the State, the school was found in their midst. 
 Previous to 1826, however, children were called together, arranged 
 in classes, and a determined effort made to instill into their young 
 heads an idea of the alphabet; but the success of such a desultory 
 method was so very questionable that a school had to be organized. 
 This was accomplished by Miss Hope Johnson in 1826 at Wood- 
 ruff's Grove, and by Miss Olive Gorton at Ypsilanti. The ladies 
 are reported to have given all their attention to the pupils, and 
 during the brief term of their career as teachers accomplished as 
 much good as possible. During the summer of 1828, Miss Miriam 
 Brooks undertook the tuition of the little ones of the village. In 
 the winter of 1828-'9, Mrs. Mark ISTorris devoted her house and 
 time to a number of children whom she instructed. C. Hovey 
 opened a school in 1829, which he conducted for over a year. Miss 
 Ruby Cannon taught a " girl's school " in 1830; Mr. Harwood, de- 
 siring to devote a part of his dwelling to school purposes, placed a 
 room therein at the disposal of Miss Cannon and her pupils. 
 
 The brick school-house, erected in 1830 by W. W. Harwood, on 
 the east side of the river, was first used for school purposes in 1831. 
 The first teacher wlio presided tliere was Miss Laura Vaill. The 
 " Old Red Building," erected at an early day by Mr. Champion, 
 was utilized as a school-house in 1832. This stood south of the 
 west public square. Grove Spencer, who tau ght an evening class 
 in E. M. Skinner's office, during the preceding 12 months, moved 
 thither in August of that year, and there established his select 
 school. Miss Emily Wead presided over the East-side school in 
 1833. The "Young Ladies' Select School" was founded in Sep- 
 tember, 1834, by Miss Ruth Palmer. About this time a night 
 school was projected, which, however, had a very brief existence. 
 The school founded by Miss Palmer was conducted in a room over 
 Mr. Vanderbilt's cabinet shop. Miss Granger succeeded her as 
 Principal, and she, in turn, retired in favor of Miss Clark. Miss 
 A. G. Nichols conducted the East-side school in 1834; Denis 
 Hammond, a very successful teacher, taught school here from 1836 
 to 1839. In 1837, one of the citizens of the present time — Cliaun- 
 
1162 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 cey Joslin — conducted school in the first district school-house. 
 This building, devoted to school purposes, was that known as the 
 " White school-house," situated on the west side of the village, 
 now occupied by Mr. Cheney. In 1840 Francis Griffin established a 
 class in the session house of the Presbyterian Church, subsequently 
 moved to the " nunnery," a large frame building which stood near 
 Congress street bridge. This educational establishment was a 
 high class school, yet it fell, and its place was supplied at the 
 instance of Messrs. Landreth and Woodruff, — the latter in charge of 
 the higher classes, and the former conducting the elementary de- 
 partments. In 1854 Landreth moved to Detroit, after which C. 
 Woodrufi' established the academical school. Eev. L. H. Moore 
 inaugurated the " Ypsilanti Seminary " in 1844. Assisted by Prof 
 Eaton, K West, Ed. Fenney, G. P. Tindall, 0. Howell, L. Covell, 
 James Duncan, Misses M.Brown, Louisa Brown, Delia Brown, and 
 Harriet Gray, the reverend principal carried out a liberal educa- 
 tional programme until the sale of the building to the School Board 
 in 1848. 
 
 A EECOED or EVENTUALITIES. 
 
 That the profession of school-teacher was highly esteemed in those 
 early years becomes evident from the fact that almost every one of 
 them became a practical man or woman, and all succeeded gener- 
 ally in the contest with the obstacle which this world ofi'ers to the 
 industrious as something to be conquered. Olive Gorton married 
 Lyman Graves; Miriam Brooks married Hev. Mr. Frazee; Ruby 
 Cannon paid a similar compliment to Mr. Freeman ; Laura Vaill 
 unitedher fortunes with those of Mr. Blackman, of N. Y. Emily Wead 
 found a faithful friend in Salmon Champion; Ruth Parker prized 
 her husband — Eev. Mr. Worthington; Laura Granger discovered 
 that Dr. Smith was her truest lover; Miss Clarke met the Rev. Mr. 
 Murdock to win and retain his affection; Miss A. G. Nichols be- 
 came the wife of Mr. Buck; in fine, tliose ladies deserved much 
 happiness, and doubtless received their deserts. 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Preliminary Hintory. — Hon. John D. Pierce, the first State Su" 
 perintendent of Public Instruction in Michigan, in his report to the 
 Legislature in 1837, said: " The most perfect organization of the 
 entire school system, in all the varied departments of instruction, 
 must fail of securing the desired results without a sufficient number 
 of competent teachers.'' To secure this result, he recommended 
 that provision be made by which every teacher of the public schools 
 should have a thorough professional training, and should receive a 
 diploma from some proper board before entering upon the work of 
 teaching. No Normal school had been opened in the United States 
 wlioii this report was written. 
 
TPSILA.NTI TOWNSHIP. 1163 
 
 The first school of this kind, in this country, was organized at 
 Lexington, Mass., in 1839. Another was commenced at Bridge- 
 water, the same State, in 1840. A third was opened at Westfield 
 in 1844. In December of the same year a Normal school was or- 
 ganized at Albany, N. Y. These four are the only regularly organ- 
 ized Normal schools in the United States whose history extends 
 through more years than the one at Ypsilanti. The recommenda- 
 tions of Supt. Pierce did not produce immediate results. 
 
 In 1847 Gov. Felch, in his message to the Legislature, after refer- 
 ring to the "deficiency in the qualiti^cation of teachers," goes on to 
 say; "In several of the States, Normal schools, having for their ob- 
 ject the qualification of instructors for the great work of education, 
 have been fostered by private munificence and legislative aid, and 
 have been attended with the most beneficial results. Teaching, it- 
 self an art, is properly made a subject of instruction. The mis- 
 sion of the teacher demands high qualifications. As the object of 
 his profession is of the greatest importance, so his employment 
 shotild be considered most honorable, and his efforts be seconded 
 by every friend of the rising generation. It is difiicult to say what 
 method, if any of a public character, should be adopted to raise the 
 standard of excellence in this important department, but I cannot 
 refrain from recommending it to your consideration as a subject in 
 which the interests of the public are deeply involved." 
 
 Establishtnent of the Normal School . — The original act for the 
 establishment of the Normal school was approved March 28, 1849, 
 and took immediate efl"ect. This act was amended by another ap- 
 proved March 25, 1850. The first-named act provided that the 
 school should be under the direction of the Board of Education, 
 and the board was empowered to procure a site in or near some 
 village in the State, where it could be done most conveniently, and 
 to erect thereon buildings suitable for such an institution. For 
 the purpose of defraying the expenses of erecting the necessary 
 buildings, and providing books, apparatus, etc., the Legislature ap- 
 propriated 10 sections of " salt-spring land," and for the support 
 of the school after it should be opened, 15 additional sections of 
 the same land. The amended act provided that the funds received 
 from the sale of the entire 25 sections should constitute an endow- 
 ment for the support of the school; and that the expenses of erect- 
 ing buildings should be defrayed from moneys donated by citizens 
 of the place where the school should be located. If the amount 
 received by donations did not prove to be sufiicient, the board was 
 authorized to use funds derived from the sale of the salt lands, up 
 to $10,000. About $8,000 were so used. 
 
 Considerable competition sprang up to secure the location of the 
 proposed school. Propositions were made to the board by the peo- 
 ple of Jackson, Marshall, Niles, Gull Prairie and Ypsilanti. The 
 proposition from Ypsilanti was accepted, and the location was 
 made at that place. The board proceeded immediately to erect a 
 building 65x100 feet and three stories high, at the cost of $15,200, 
 
1164 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. ''' 
 
 of which the citizens paid $12,000. The building was dedicated 
 with appropriate exercises Oct. 5, 1852. Addresses were made by 
 Hon. J. D. Pierce upon " A perfect school system;" by Hon. Eoss 
 Wilkins, upon " The Constitution of the United States and the Du- 
 ties and Eights of Citizens." Hon. Isaac E. Crary, President of the 
 Board of Education, pronounced a brief formula of dedication. 
 Hon. Chauncey Joslin, in a short address, delivered the commis- 
 sion of his office to the Principal elect, Prof. A. S. Welch, who 
 made an appropriate reply accepting the commission and express- 
 ing his views of the character of the duties of the position which 
 he was assuming. 
 
 An original " dedication hymn," composed by D. Bethune Duf- 
 field for the occasion, was sung. The closing stanza of this hymn 
 is as follows: 
 
 " Great God ! preserve this sacred fane, 
 And let thy smiles upon it rest, 
 For art and science build in vain, 
 Unless the work the Lord has blessed ; 
 Take it within thine own embrace 
 And bless it to our land and race." 
 
 ^ A teachers' institute followed the dedication. During this insti- 
 tute an incipient organization of the "State Teachers' Association" 
 was made. The attendance at this institute reached the num- 
 ber of 250. Thus, after much effort on the part of the friends of 
 progress, the Michigan State Normal School was finally estab- 
 lished. 
 
 Some Items of Subsequent History. — In 1853 the Legislature 
 passed an act appropriating to the "endowment fund" of the 
 school certain moneys, not exceeding $30,000, arising from the sale 
 of swamp lands by the general Government, but no advantage to 
 the school came from this act. The permanent endowement fund 
 derived from the sale of " salt-spring lands " amounts to about 
 $69,000, which, held by the State as a trust fund, yields an income 
 of a little more than $4,000 per annum. 
 
 October 28, 1859, the original building was destroyed by fire, to- 
 gether with all its contents, except the philosophical and chemical 
 apparatus and a few cases of minerals and insects. Temporary 
 rooms for the use of the school were furnished by the liberality of 
 the citizens of Tpsilanti, so that , the sessions of the school were 
 only slightly interrupted by the destruction of the building. The 
 work of rebuilding was entered upon immediately with such vigor 
 that on the 10th day of April, 1860, the school returned to its old 
 quarters. The cost of rebuilding and furnishing was $13,161.54. 
 Of this sum, $8,000 were received from the Hartford Insurance 
 Co., and the balance was paid from the ordinary funds of the 
 school. 
 
 In 1864 the Board of Education made an arrangement with 
 the Executive Committee of the State Agricultural Society to 
 erect a building 70x40 and two-stories high above the basementj 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1165 
 
 to be used by the school and to contain the museum of the Agri- 
 cultural Society. The terms were that the society should contrib- 
 ute $2,000, the citizens of Ypsilanti $1,500, and the Board of 
 Education the balance necessary for the erection of the building. 
 The work was begun and the building enclosed in 1865, but cir- 
 cumstances contributed to discourage the Agricultural Society, and 
 after an expenditure on the part of the society of $3,250, they 
 assigned all their interests in the property to the Board of Educa- 
 tion. In 1869 the Legislature appropriated $7,500 to complete the 
 building, and in 1871 reimbursed the Agricultural Society the 
 amount which they had expended. This building was very poorly 
 adapted to school purposes, but has been used to accommodate 
 the practice department of the Normal school since its com- 
 pletion. 
 
 During the years 1877 and 1878, a large addition was made to 
 the original main building, which has very greatly increased the 
 facilities of the school for doing its peculiar work. This addition 
 is about 85x85 feet, and three-stories high above the basement. The 
 Legislature, at the session of 1877, appropriated $30,000 to defray 
 the expense of this enlargement. The citizens of Ypsilanti sub- 
 scribed something over $2,000 for the erection of a tower in 
 connection with the building. The balance of tbe cost of the 
 addition was paid from the current expense fund of the school. 
 
 OFFICEES AND INSTEUCTOKS. 
 
 The school is under the direct control of the State Board of Ed- 
 ucation, which, at present, consists of the following persons: — 
 Hon. "Witter J. Baxter, President, Jonesville; Hon. Cornelius A. 
 Gower, Secretary, Lansing; Hon. Edgar Rexford, Ypsilanti; Hon. 
 George F. Edwards, Niles. The iirst Principal was Prof. A. S. 
 Welch, now President of the Iowa Agricultural College. Prof. J. 
 M. B. Sill, now Superintendent of the schools of the city of 
 Detroit, was acting Principal for some time. Prof D. P. Mayhew 
 was Principal for several years. After his resignation Prof. C. F. 
 R. Bellows was acting Principal for one year, until the election of 
 Prof Joseph Estabrook to that position. Prof. Estabrook resigned 
 the principalship at the close of the school year 1879-'80, to accept 
 a professorship in Olivet College. The present Principal is Dr. 
 Malcolm MacYicar, for several years at the head of the Normal 
 School in Potsdam, N. Y. 
 
 The present faculty is as follows: — 
 
 Malcolm MacYicar, Ph. D., LL.D., Principal, Mental and Moral Philosophy and 
 Higher Professional Instruction. 
 
 Ruth Hoppin,M. A., Preceptress, Botany and History. 
 
 Frederic H. Pease, Vocal and Instrumental Music. 
 
 Charles Fitz Roy Bellows, M. A., 0. E., Mathematics. 
 
 Daniel Putnam, M. A., Elementary Principals of Education ; Director of Practice 
 School ; Natural History. 
 
 Lewis McLouth, M. A., Natural Sciences. 
 
1166 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Joseph P. Vroman, M. A. , Latin and G-reek Languages. 
 August Lodeman, German and French Languages. 
 Austin George, M. A., Geography, Rhetoric and English Literature. 
 Helen Post, English Grammar ; Teacher in Grammar Department of Practice 
 School. 
 Fanny E. GofEe, Drawing, Penmanship and Book-Keeping. 
 Elizabeth I. Coates, Teacher in Primary Department of Practice School. 
 
 THE UNION SCHOOL. 
 
 In making a reference to the " brick hotel," in the foregoing 
 pages, it has been shown how that building was not dedicated to 
 the gods of the hostelry. The purchase of this building by the offi- 
 cers of school district No. 4, viz., Charles Stuck, James Sanders 
 and Philander Hascall, in 1848, was the beginning of a new era in 
 the educational world of Ypsilanti. Rev. Moses S. Hawley was 
 appointed Principal of the institution. E. J. Mills, Prof. O. A. 
 Jackson, Misses Rogers, Eice, Morton, Clayton, Powers, Comstock, 
 Norris, Clapp, and Loomis formed the corps of teachers. The 
 Board of Education exercised a salutary vigilance, and the people 
 were satisfied that the new order of aiJairs, in this connection, was 
 of a most excellent character. A short time, and a most justifiable 
 ambition seized upon the tax-payers of the district. The school 
 building must be enlarged, the board strengthened, a higher grade 
 established; and no effort was spared which might elevate the 
 school. With this view the Legislature was besought to pass an 
 act enlarging the powers of the Ypsilanti School Board, and the 
 latter then redoubled its efforts. The school districts of the village 
 were attached from time to time; the citizens watched the progress 
 of their schools with joy; the name " Model" school was exchanged 
 for " tTnion" school; the course of study was improved; a center 
 of learning was established, and the " Union Seminary" of Ypsilanti 
 a fixed institution. 
 
 In April, 1853, Rev. Joseph Estabrook was appointed Princi- 
 pal. He with Miss H. JST. Cutcheon were appointed the head 
 teachers. The assistant teachers' roll comprised 13 names; the 
 standard of the curriculum was advanced; a new form of school 
 government introduced. Everything pointed to great results. 
 
 For a period extending over four j'ears the high expectations of 
 the people in regard to the institution were realized. Even after 
 the conflagration of March 29, 1857, the classes were continued in 
 rooms throughout the city until Aug. 17, 1858, when the new 
 building, dedicated that day, was formally opened to the pupils. 
 The old " Model" school was the first actual " free" school in this 
 State, as it is also said to be the first " graded" school. 
 
 The Union school-house, erected in 1857-'8, was a structure at 
 once large and architecturally beautiful. Its entire frontage was a 
 fraction over 120 feet, the height of main building 59 feet; three 
 cupolas surmounted the pile, giving to it a Roman character. The 
 contractors, Messrs. Mitchell and McDuff, carried out the designs 
 of the architects, Messrs. Jordan and Anderson ; the people were 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1167 
 
 not slow to admire this admirable school building; they celebrated 
 its inauguration on the same day that gas-light was introduced into 
 this city and the Atlantic cable flashed its first message from Yalen- 
 tia in Ireland to its Americanterminus. The fire of Dec. 9, 18Y7, was 
 the aunihilator of the joy which that celebration enkindled. During 
 the month of December of that year, the fire-fiend took possession 
 of the school, and in a brief space of time one of the grandest mon- 
 uments of education known then in Michigan was reduced to a 
 ruin. With an enterprise worthy of the Chicagoans, the citizens 
 rose equal to this misfortune, determined to build a still grander 
 house, and succeeded in raising an educational temple more beauti- 
 ful than the one destroyed. ■ This new Central school building was 
 inaugurated in 1879 with the following named instructors in 
 charge: Prof. K. "W. Putnam, Superintendent; Hubert W. Brown, 
 A. M., Principal; Miss Fanny E. Gray, Assistant; Miss Ida M. 
 Littletield, in charge of seventh grade; Miss Carrie L. Towner, 
 sixth grade; Mrs. Kittle A. Gilbert and Miss Clara Dole, fifth 
 grade; Miss Fannie Bogardus, fourth grade; Miss Emilie C. Hall, 
 third grade; Miss Ella doslin, second grade; Miss Emma Barr and 
 Mrs. E. B. Dunham, first grade. 
 
 The " grade system" has perfected itself in this school. A twelve- 
 years' course, divided into three parts of four years each, has been 
 established, now known as the Primary, Grammar and High- 
 School courses. 
 
 THE WARD SCHOOLS. 
 
 There are three schools in the city, together with the Central 
 school, known as the 1st, 4th and 5th ward schools. The first-ward 
 school is attended by children of the colored inhabitants, in charge 
 of whom is one teacher. The fourth- ward school-house was erected 
 a few years ago. There are two teachers here, Mrs. Ellen J. "Whit- 
 man, in charge of the children belonging to the third and fourth 
 grades, and Miss Susie Gordon, teacher of the first and second 
 classes. The fifth-ward building is the most important of the 
 ward schools. D. "W. 0. Matthews is the Principal. Miss Jennie 
 Fullerton,t^is8 Mary E. Carpenter, and Miss Hattie . Hoffman 
 are the assistant teachers. These schools receive much attention 
 from Superintendent R. "W. Putnam and their respective teachers. 
 
 The School Board, as now constituted, comprises the following 
 members: Don C. Batchelder, 1882; Charles E. King, Secretary, 
 1882; Philo Ferrier, 1881; Lambert A. Barnes, Treasurer, 1881; 
 Thomas Ninde, President, 1883; Isaac N. Conklin, 1883. 
 
 Standing committees: On Building and Grounds — Messrs, Fer- 
 rier, Barnes, and Batchelder; on Heating and Fuel — Messrs. Barnes, 
 Conkling, and Ferrier; on Claims and Accounts — Messrs. Barnes, 
 Conkling, and Ferrier; on Teachers and Text Books — Messrs. Ninde, 
 King, and Batchelder; on Supplies — Messrs. Batchelder, King, and 
 Ferrier. 
 
1168 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The financial exhibit bear? a high testimony to the ability of the 
 former Board of Education. The estimates for the year to end in 
 September, 1881, are satisfactory. 
 
 The value of the buildings devoted to educational purposes with- 
 in the city is stated to be $150,000, of which $85,000 are credited to 
 the Normal, and $65,000 to the city school buildings. 
 
 The estimate for 1880-'81 is set down as follows: Prospective 
 expenditures $13,366.76; resources from primary-school fund, and 
 mill and general tax $13,366.76. This financial report was signed 
 by Thomas Ninde, President, and Charles E. King, Secretary of 
 the board. The statistics show a steady advance in the number of 
 pupils attending the city schools. 
 
 Notwithstanding the high character of these schools, there are 
 men and women found who obstruct rather than co-operate. Men 
 who forget these duties, forget also what is due to their children; 
 they do not render all that co-operation which is in their power, and 
 consequently teachers are driven to lose interest in, if not hate, the 
 children of negligent parents, who become incorrigible under home 
 influences. Now, ignorance and a pure federalism cannot dwell in 
 the same house; the Eepublic decrees that liberty and enlighten- 
 ment must walk hand in hand; therefore the unfortunate parent 
 who encourages an incorrigible boy, is a foe to the Republic as 
 well as a danger to the community in which he dwells. 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 In this city and township the varied forms of Christianity have 
 made great advance indeed. Church buildings have ipultiplied; 
 they have attained a certain magnificence, until at present this city 
 and township show the spires and cupolas of so many houses of 
 worship that the skeptic is apt to confess the presence of a Chris- 
 tian people. The bells do not now ring out peals of discord, as in 
 time prior to the establishment of liberty, and even after the 
 greatest battle was fought and won. No; the civilizing influence 
 of freedom, the blessings which follow the Eepublic, have abolished 
 religious bigotry, leaving nature to act the despot in winning the 
 minds of men toward the Christian Church, and the Great Archi- 
 tect to design their hearts for the reception of Christian truths. 
 There is only one powerful influence operating against the Churches. 
 The evil examples of members do more actual injury than all the 
 sophisms of the intidel, the power of the decent Mussulmans, or 
 the armed millions of Celestials could ever accomplish. To correct 
 these abuses, should be the object of the Christians of our day. 
 Each has sufficient work to do, and in performing it, that valuable 
 experience which has resulted in rendering so many men capable 
 of minding their own afl'airs, will be obtained. 
 
 The editor of the Sentinel, speaking on the impropriety of 
 making a church subject to taxation, introduced this tale of olden 
 days: "It is told for a truth that at an early day, in the settlement of 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1169 
 
 this city, the gospel was introduced in the following singular manner. 
 A large number of the pioneers were assembled on some joll}- 
 occasion, when a person of unmistakable clerical appearance and 
 garb quietly passed along the near highway. He had passed but 
 a little way when he was discovered, and the shout was raised: 
 ' Halloo, boys, there goes a parson ; he is Just the man we want; let's 
 catch him.' Like the witches in ' Tarn O'Shanter,' the whole crowd 
 ' biled out ' after him. The ' parson ' took to his heels, no doubt 
 thinking he was to be barbecued, but some of the fleeter youngsters 
 overtook him, and brought him back in triumph. Nor did they 
 allow him to pursue his journey until he had held a service, and 
 given a taste of what, rough as they were, they had prized in their 
 Eastern homes." 
 
 The following notices will prove the advances made by the 
 Church as well as the people: 
 
 BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 The first Baptist society organized at Ypsilanti was that in 
 October, 1836, by Elder J. S. Twist, of Ann Arbor. Previous to 
 this year, Messrs. Booth, Powell and Loomis preached to Baptists 
 here. The society of 1836 comprised A. Clawson, Eleanor Clawson, 
 M. Lyon, W. E. Still, Mrs. Still, Talman Brown, Geo.Gathrie, Mrs. 
 Guthrie, Phoebe Guthrie, Melinda Lay, Sily Lay, Hannah Oros- 
 sett, Phoebe Hiscock, Mary Sabin, John Conant and Charlotte 
 Stewart. The first oflBcers were: Elder John Goff", Pastor; A. Clawson 
 and Matthias Lyon, Deacons, and "W. E. Still, Clerk. Elder Samuel 
 Jones succeeded Mr. Goft' as pastor, and he became minister in 1838. 
 
 In 1839 some doctrinal ideas caused dissention to enter the 
 society; a conciliation was, however, effected. Elder J. Keyes suc- 
 ceeded Rev. Mr. Jones. In 1843 Elder L. H. Moore was called to 
 the pastorate. Under his advice the old Methodist church, a brick 
 house on the east side of the Huron, was purchased, repaired, and 
 converted into a house of worship. 
 
 In 1846 the members essayed to raise funds toward building a 
 new church, which resulted in the society contracting with Deacon 
 I. N. Field. In 1847 Elder L. H. Moore, who then was principal 
 of the seminar}', placed the chapel of that institution at the dis- 
 posal of his co-religionists. The new church was completed by 
 Mr. Field, and dedicated June 17, 1847. The services of dedication 
 were performed by Elders Ten Brook and Piper. In October of 
 the same year, the State association held its annual meeting in the 
 new building. Mr. Moore retired from the pastorate and was 
 succeeded by Elder S. A. Taft. 
 
 Dec. 23, 1849, the church was destroyed by fire. The society 
 resolved to rebuild, and Sept. 4, 1850, another church was dedicated. 
 This was improved in 1865, and enlarged. In 1874 the society re- 
 solved to erect a $30,000 bnilding, which at present stands a monu- 
 ment of the earnestness of the early Baptists here, as well as of 
 their successful contest with serious difficulties. 
 
1170 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 The history of this Church in Ypsilanti may be carried back into 
 the past over a period of two centuries. In this connection, how- 
 ever, such an inquiry is unnecessary, since in other sections of 
 this work a very full reference is made to the early missionary 
 fathers, whose zeal led them to visit every Indian village within 
 the confines of this peninsula. The impracticability of attaining 
 a true list of the priests who visited Godfrey's settlement from 
 1809 to 1823, renders an extended account of that period also un- 
 necessary. For many years subsequently the village was visited 
 by Revs. Montard, Cullen and Montcoq. In 1845 a lot was pur- 
 chased by Eev. Mr. Cullen, on which was built a frame structure, 
 24x16 feet. The service of the Church was celebrated here once 
 every month for 13 years. In 18.56 the next lot was purchased, 
 on which the frame of a large church was erected. This building 
 was completed in 1858 under the direction of Eev. Mr. Lamejie, 
 the first resident pastor. This gentleman had charge of the mis- 
 sion for 14 months, when Eev. Van Jenniss, of Dexter, was ap- 
 pointed to visit this portion of the county once a month. In 1862 
 Eev. Edward Yan Pammell was appointed resident pastor. During 
 his term here another lot was added to the Church property, a pa- 
 rochial house erected and other improvements made. In 1865 he 
 purchased the cemetery grounds; two years later he built a school- 
 house, and in 1870 enlarged the church building. Eev. Father 
 Willigan was pastor in 1871-'2; his successor, Eev. Mr. Murray, 
 was pastor duringthe three following years, when the Eev. Wm. 
 De Bever took charge of the mission. Since his coming the 
 church has been completed. The interior with its frescoes, cande- 
 labra, statues, organ and beautiful altar will compare favorably with 
 any church in the State. This building is a great credit to the 
 small congregation, and even to the citizens. It is said that with- 
 out the aid of such men as Follett, Joslin, Hawkins and many 
 others, the completion of the building in its present form would 
 have been an impossibility. The soldiers of the 14th Mich. Inf. 
 subscribed over $500 before leaving for^the war. In 1880 a resi- 
 dence was purchased for the " Sisters," and preparations made for 
 the building of a large brick school-house, both of which are to 
 be placed at the disposal of the Sisters for educational purposes. 
 The number of families at present belonging to the Church is set 
 down at 125. The congregation numbers about 500. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 of Ypsilanti dates its birth away back in the solemn past, 
 60 far back that no one of its first members can be found at this 
 date (1881) to rehearse its primeval story; and while we "gather 
 up the fragments that remain " to us of its inception, we can but feel: 
 
 " This place is holy ground : 
 World, with its cares, away I " 
 
TPSILAKTI TOWNSHIP. 1173 
 
 Dr. Pilcher's history makes the record that early in May, 1825, 
 the Eev. Elias Pattee, of the Ohio Conference of the M. E. Church, 
 who was appointed to Detroit circuit, Territory of Michigan, be- 
 ing a man of great zeal and activity, and realizing that immigra- 
 tion was fast pushing Westward, followed, by "blazed trees," 
 through the low lands and swamps, until he, came upon the little 
 hamlet bearing the name of Woodruff's Grove. There he found 
 a few families lodged in shanties and rude homes, and in their low 
 estate, he took to them the " bread of life," and comforted them, 
 by leading them to the promises of God in His holy word: " I will 
 never leave thee, never forsake thee." 
 
 Returning regularly during that summer, he formed from this 
 little number of immigrants a society, which has ever since been 
 known as the Methodist Episcopal Church of Ypsilanti; it was 
 also the first established in Washtenaw county, and his was the 
 first regular religious service ever held in the county. The Church 
 record carries on the history, naming its preachers, designating 
 its places of worship, recording its struggles, — through all, never 
 once letting go its living, vital existence. 
 
 As early as 1831-'2 they commenced building the brick chapel, 
 on the east side of the river. The first structure was very humble, 
 and cost great effort and sacrifices. It had small windows, and 
 plain benches for seats. But in September, 1834, the record says: 
 
 At a meeting of the Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Ypsilanti, at the 
 dwelling house of Justus Norris, the following persons were nominated by John 
 Sayer, Preacher in charge, as Trustees of said Church: Levias S. Church, Aaron 
 W. Elmore, G. V. Mooney, Timothy Showerman, Cephas Hawks, jr., Thomas 
 M. Town, and elected by unanimous vote. Justus Norris, Secretary; adjourned to 
 five o'clock. 
 
 Board of Trustees met at five o'clock, agreeable to adjournment. 
 
 Voted, That we take off the roof of our chapel, and put it on anew. 
 
 Voted, That a building committee of three be appointed to superintend the 
 finishing of the chapel. 
 
 Voted, That Levias S . Church, Justus Norris and Timothy Showerman, com- 
 pose the said committee. ^ 
 
 Voted, That the building committee cause the furnishing of the house to be done 
 with slips. 
 
 Bead and approved. 
 
 Joseph Bubt, Chairman. 
 Justus Noeeis, Secretary. 
 
 Trustees of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Ypsilanti met at the gro- 
 cery store of Justus'Norris, agreeable to adjournment, Monday evening, Oct. 37, 
 1834, and chose standing officers. Dr. T. M. Town, Chairman; Justus Norris, 
 Secretary; and G. V. Moon, Treasurer. Upon proposition of Aaron W. Elmore, 
 that he would put into the east end of the chapel, two 35-light windows, 8x10 glass, 
 for the sum of eight dollars (fS.OO), Voted, that he be employed to put them in. 
 Voted, That this meeting be adjourned to Wednesday evening next. 
 
 T. M. Town, Ohairman. 
 Justus Nokeis, Secretary. 
 
 Thus the recorded history takes us along, step by step, through 
 the struggle of securing means to go onward with the work of 
 finishing the chapel, appointing collectors, soliciting aid and 
 interest in their struggle to erect a house, where the Master of 
 
 68 
 
1174 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 assemblies would meet His people, until the year 1836-'37, before 
 their chapel was completed. 
 
 Ypsilanti was designated a,s the "head of a circuit" until 1837, 
 when it was dignified by conference as a " station," and Wesley J. 
 Mills, of the Central Ohio Conference, was the first stationed min- 
 ister. ^ 
 
 In 1838, Ypsilanti, for the first time, was reported in the 
 minutes of the conference, separate from the country record — and 
 there is given at that time to the Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 the village a membership of 190. The precise number of mem- 
 bers when the first class, or society, was organized we cannot 
 determine— probably from five to seven persons composed the 
 whole; 13 years afterward a membership of 190 tells of living, 
 breathing progress! 
 
 At this date we quote from the church record: 
 
 At a meeting of the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, held at the 
 meeting-house of said Church, Jan. 31, 1838, for the purpose of electing Trustees, 
 and organizing a Church according to law, Wesley J. Wells, preacher, and Dr. 
 Joel Fairchild, presiding, 
 
 Hesolved, That we elect three Trustees for said Church. 
 
 Resolved, That we elect by ballot. 
 
 Upon counting the votes at three separate ballolings it was declared that Hiram 
 Thompson, Asa Rice, and Dr. Joel fairchild, were duly elected Trustees. 
 
 In 1843 the present church edifice was erected corner of Ellis 
 and Washington streets. The brick chapel at this time began to 
 show signs of decay. The foundation not safe, a new place of wor- 
 ship must be found. The Church was not yet out of struggle to 
 live, nor could they assume the expense of erecting a church build- 
 ing suitable for the demands of the growing city. In this extrem- 
 ity Dr. T. M. Town, yet in the prime of his active manhood, 
 stepped forward and assumed the entire responsibility of building 
 the house, and by the sale and rental of pews, received in due time, 
 all the money he had expended. The sacrifices and labor go into 
 the account of the Master of the vineyard, who will call upon each 
 laborer and render unto him his reward! 
 
 In 1 847 Detroit Annual Conference was held here for the first 
 time, Bishop Morris presiding. 
 
 In 1851 was built the lecture room on the west end of the 
 church edifice, but at this date, 1881, is by far too circumscribed in 
 dimensions for the demands of the congregation. 
 
 In 18.57 Annual Conference was held here again. Bishop Baker 
 presiding. 
 
 In 1859 the church edifice was enlarged, and 32 slips added to 
 the audience room. 
 
 In 1871 the brick parsonage was built; estimated valuation, 
 $5,000. 
 
 In 1873 conference was again held here, Bishop Wiley presid- 
 
YPSILAKTI TOWNSHIP. 11Y5 
 
 In May, 1875, this Church celebrated its serai-centennial anni- 
 versary by holding services in the church for two days, and clos- 
 ing its ceremonies by a public dinner. Beautiful flowers and 
 mottoes of welcome were everywhere as you entered; smiling 
 faces and greetings exchanged by those who had not often met, 
 since earlier days. Among the clergy present who had ministered 
 the word to this people were Elijah H. Pilcher, Alvan Billings, 
 W. H. Brockway, J. H. Pitezel, Seth Eeed, F. A. Blades, J. S. 
 Smart, Dr. B. F. Cocker, M. Hickey, J. Stocker, J. M. Fuller. 
 The pulpit was handsomely decorated; above were the words, 
 "What hath God wrought;" on one side, 1825, on the other, 1875. 
 This service did much to bring forth the hidden treasures of the 
 pioneer history of early Methodism in Ypsilanti. 
 
 The church building is of wood; the auditorium has 100 slips 
 and will seat 600. Valuation, $12,000. The membership numbers 
 between 300 and 400 persons. 
 
 The Sabbath-school numbers, officers and teachers, 28, with a 
 membership of 300 pupils. Present Board of Trustees, Benjamin 
 Thompson, Watson Snyder. 
 
 Justus Norris, who, as is shown in the Church record, held the 
 secretaryship of the Board of Trustees from 1831 to 1841 , was 
 born in Peachem county, Va., in 1802; married Miss Mary A. 
 Kinne, Oct. 12, 1829, and settled at Ypsilanti one year later. He 
 was accidentally killed, Feb. 11, 1845, leaving a wife and three little 
 ones to mourn over the loss of a husband and a father. 
 
 Benjamin Thompson and wife have been active members of this 
 Church since 1838, yet walking together the journey of life. Mr. 
 Thompson has always been a working Church member. Keeping 
 an eye upon the financial interests of the Church, he has deemed it 
 expedient to keep both the church and parsonage well insured. W.B. 
 Clark and family, Wm. Wortly and wife, Watson Snyder, E. Com- 
 stock and Mrs. Comstock, Charles Shier and family, Alonzo Bennett 
 and wife, A. Williams and wife, H. A. Weeks, and the family of 
 Drury, with its entire membership, are among the sustaining 
 strength at the present date, having for many years carried on the 
 work that the pioneers made permanent by their sacrifices and labor 
 of love. 
 
 We may also mention N. M. Thompson, Wm. Bobbins, J. N. 
 Wallace, W. J. Clark, E. B. Drury, Robert L. Geddes, and Edwin 
 C. Warner. Just here it would be a most pleasing task to make 
 mention of all who have labored and sacrificed to build up the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church in Ypsilanti. While that is impossi- 
 ble, we will speak of some among the many whose names, we doubt 
 not, are recorded in the Lamb's book of life: 
 
 Elizur Smith, who was the first class-leader. Both himself and 
 wife (who were the parents of Mrs. Asa Rice) were very active and 
 earnest Christian workers. Joseph Burt and wife; Timothy Show- 
 erman, who has been known as an active worker for the Church, is 
 now living, at the advanced age of 86 years. He was collector of 
 
1176 
 
 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 finances many years, and his wife was a mother in Israel. Dr. Joel 
 Fairchild and family have left a memory fragrant with intelligence 
 and activity for the Church. Mr. and Mrs. Allen Buck, Dr. and 
 Mrs. Town, Mr. and Mrs. Grove Spencer, Judge Oompton and wife, 
 James Yoorhees and wife, and Mr. and Mrs. Asa Kice and family, 
 have always sustained such a relation to the Church of God as to be 
 considered founders of Methodism in ^psilanti. Dr. Davis and 
 wife, early supporters of Methodism, William Jarvis and wife also, 
 are yet spared to the Church, having made a faithful journey all 
 along the record. "William Jarvis has been one of the class-leaders, 
 and enjoys the confidence and aff'ection of the whole Church. 
 
 The following list contains the names of preachers and presiding 
 elders who have been connected with the Conference work of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Ypsilanti: 
 
 1835. William Simmons, P. E. 
 Elias Potter, Preacher. 
 
 1826. Zarah H. Coston, P. E. 
 Jon. A. Baughman. 
 
 John Janes, Preacher-in-charge. 
 
 1827. Z. H. Coston, P. E. 
 George W. Walker. 
 James Armstrong. 
 
 1838. Z. H. Coston, P. E. 
 
 Benjamin Cooper. 
 1829. Curtis Goddard, P. E. 
 
 Leonard B. Gurley. 
 830. Curtis Goddard, P. E. 
 
 Henry Colclazer. 
 
 Elijah H, Pilcher. 
 
 1831. Curtis Goddard, P. E. 
 Alvin Billings. 
 Benj. Allen. 
 
 1832. James Gilruth, P. E. 
 Alvin Billings. 
 Arthur Elliot. 
 
 1833. James Gilruth, P. E. 
 Marcus Swift. 
 Richard Lawi-ence. 
 
 1834. James Gilruth, P. E. 
 William H. Brockway. 
 John Sayer. 
 
 1835. James Gilruth, P. E. 
 Arthur B. Elliot. 
 
 1836. William Herr, P. E. 
 W. H. Brockway. 
 Chas. Bahcock. 
 
 1837. William Herr, P. E. 
 Wesley J. Wells. 
 
 1838. Henry Colclazer, P. E. 
 John H. Pitezel. 
 
 1839. Alvin Billings, P. E. 
 David Burns . 
 
 1840. Alvin Billings, P. E. 
 James Kellum. 
 
 1841. Henry Colclazer, P. E. 
 Alvin Billings. 
 
 1843. Henry Colclazer, P. E. 
 Oscar F. North. 
 
 1843. Henry Colclazer, P. E. 
 Elijah Crane. 
 
 1844. James Shaw, P. E. 
 Tho. J. Champion. 
 
 1845. Elliott M. Crippen. 
 
 1846. E. M. Crippen. 
 
 1847. Josiah Brakeman, P. E. 
 George Taylor. 
 
 1848. George Taylor. 
 
 1849. Wellington H. Collins, P. E. 
 Wm. F. Cowles. 
 
 1850. Thomas H. Jacokes. 
 
 1851. Seth Reed. 
 
 1852. Wm. E. Bigelow, P. E. 
 Seth Reed. 
 
 1853. Wm. G. Stonex. 
 
 1854. Francis A. Blades. 
 
 1855. Francis A. Blades. 
 
 1856. George Smith. P. E. 
 James S. Smart. 
 
 1857. James S. Smart. 
 
 1858. Ransom R. Richards. 
 
 1859. R. R. Richards. 
 
 1860. Elijah H. Pilcher, P. E. 
 Benjamin F. Cocker. 
 
 1861 B. F. Cocker. 
 1863. Seth Reed. 
 
 1863. Seth Reed. 
 
 1864. Thomas C. Gardner, P. E. 
 M. Hickey. 
 
 1865. M. Hickey. 
 
 1866. Jas. S Smart. 
 
 1867. Jas. S. Smart. 
 
 1868. Samuel Clements, P. E. 
 Thos. C. Gardner. 
 
 1869. Luther Lee. 
 
 1870. Thomas Stalker. 
 
 1871. Thomas Stalker. 
 1873. Lewis R. Fisk, P. E. 
 
 James M. Fuller. 
 
 1873. Seth Reed, P. E. 
 James M. Fuller. 
 
 1874. James M. Fuller. 
 
 1875. O. J. Perrin. 
 
 1876. O. J. Perrin. 
 
 1877. James M. Fuller, P.' E. 
 O. J. Perrin. 
 
 1878. James M. Fuller, P. E. 
 W. W. Washburne. 
 
 1879. W. W. Washburne. 
 
 1880. W. W. Washburne, P. E. 
 A. F. Bournes. 
 
rpsiLAin'i TOWNSHIP. 117T 
 
 THE AFRICAN M. E. CHUEOH 
 
 was organized here about 1855 with a membership of 12. This 
 little congregation built a small house on the site of the present 
 church, in 1856, at a cost of $200. The first members comprised 
 Jesse Stewart and Isa, his wife, Eliza Johnson, and Washington, 
 York. These are at present living in the township. The new 
 church was erected in 1869 at a cost ot $1,100, and embraced the 
 first house of worship as erected in 1856. The Rev. P. C. Cooper 
 was pastor, and superintended this building. Reverends Frederick 
 Myers, Jesse Bass, A. T. Hall, John McSmith and Jason Bundj 
 have held the pastorate of the Church from 1856 to the present time. 
 The membership of the Church is 120. There is no debt due, and 
 its affairs are well superintended. 
 
 THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 At an early period in the history of Ypsilanti a few persons who 
 had been brought up in the English Church, met for religious 
 services in a private house, a law office, a hotel, or a school- 
 house, before they became sufficiently strong in numbers and 
 wealth to build a house of worship. In 1830 Rev. Silas Free- 
 man, of Ohio, came here as a missionary. He had several 
 missions under his charge, among which was Ypsilanti. Here he 
 organized a congregation of Episcopalians, and named the Church 
 " St. James." For three years they met in a village hotel; after- 
 ward meetings were held in the school-house on the east side of 
 the river, now occupied as a dwelling house by Charles Woodruff. 
 Mr. Freeman resigned the pastorate in 1834, when his successor, 
 Eev. John Bosmond,was appointed. He preached once every month 
 during his pastorate. Rev. Charles Reighly succeeded Mr. Bos- 
 mond. 
 
 In 1837 the Church was reorganized under the name of "St. 
 Luke's Church," and an association of 16 members was formed. 
 Then began a long and severe struggle to obtain means to build a 
 house of worship. They were finally successful, and July 1, 1838, 
 a church was dedicated. Soon after Mr. Reighly resigned, the 
 pulpit was supplied for a while by Rev. Francis Cummings, of 
 Ann Arbor. In 1840 Rev. Henry Powers arrived at Ypsilanti, 
 and became the rector of St. Luke's Church. He remained in 
 charge of the parish for seven years, and resigned Sept. 1, 1846. 
 For some months afterward the ministers of the neighboring 
 towns visited Ypsilanti, until Rev. John A. Wilson was appointed 
 rector, July 11, 1847. During the summer of that year, the new 
 pastor would walk from Ann Arbor to Ypsilanti to give services 
 here, and returned thither in the same manner. 
 
 The vestry in 1847 comprised C. W. Lane, George R. King, 
 Horatio G. Sheldon, John Phillips, and John Yaughn. This 
 body was unorganized, so that Rev. Mr. Wilson came to Ypsilanti 
 
1178 HISTORY OF WASHTENAAV COUNTY. 
 
 at the solicitation of one or more of these gentlemen, and not at 
 the request of a regularly constituted body. In 1848 the members 
 of a new vestry were elected, namely: Francis N. Clark, Geo. W", 
 Gilbert, Lafayette, Piatt, Geo. E. King, Signor Worden, Julius 
 Movius, Orrin Carpenter and C. H. Yan Cleve. In August, 1848, 
 Erastus Sampson was appointed agent of the vestry to purchase an 
 organ. The instrument cost $650, the same which was removed to 
 give place to the new organ now in use. 
 
 In March, 1853, J. W. Van Cleve, C. King and Benjamin Follett 
 were appointed a committee to erect a parsonage. In February, 
 1854, the work of construction was entered upon, and its comple- 
 tion reported in December following. This house cost $2,100. 
 
 In July, 1856, Benjamin Follett, M. Cook and Francis IST. Clarke 
 were appointed a committee to superintend the building of an addi- 
 tion to the church, but they determined to erect a structure of 
 large proportions, and with this object, ordered the old church to 
 be razed. In this they had the approval of the congregation. 
 Subsequently plans were furnished by Jordan and Anderson of 
 Detroit, which, being adopted, contracts were entered into with 
 Messrs. Pattee, Grithn, Curtiss, Boyd and Foster. The edifice was 
 completed in June, 1858, and consecrated the 28th of that month. 
 This church is 93 feet from vestibule to chancel, 45 feet in width,, 
 with a tower and spire 128 feet in height. The style is plain 
 Gothic. The interior is artistically excellent, and the entire build- 
 ing a monument to those men who took a leading part in its erec- 
 tion. The officers of the Church and society, during the progress 
 of the building, were Eev. John A. Wilson, Rector; Benjamin 
 Follett and George Hill, Wardens; Benjamin Follett, H. G. Shel- 
 don, C. King, F. ]Sr. Clarke, J. M. B. Sill, Chauncey Joslin, Geo. 
 Hill, M. A. Parks, M. Cook and J. W. Van Cleve, Yestrymen. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Wilson, in his historic sermon preached on the occasion 
 of the 25th anniversary of his pastorate, July 7, 1872, said: 
 
 " From the time we entered the new church we have passed along 
 in an even, steady, and more or less successful parish existence. 
 The family, often bereft by death and removal, has gradually en- 
 larged itself down to this time, when the 25th year of the pastorate 
 is rounding to a close. During that quarter of a century he has 
 delivered 2,600 sermons, and perhaps 900 lectures and addresses; 
 256 persons have been confirmed, and 356 added to the com- 
 munion. The sum needed to meet the annual expenses is derived 
 from pew rents, Sunday collections, and extra calls, when there is 
 a deficit. This expense for 1871 was not less than $1,800; then the 
 average of $1,000 per year for the last quarter of a century, making 
 $25,000, is not too extravagant. During the same period, the par- 
 sonage cost $2,100; cost of erecting church, $15,000; donations, 
 parties and purses in favor of the rector, about $1,000; for missions, 
 alms and other objects of charity and benevolence, $10,245.57> 
 making a total of $63,345.57 for 25 years. The value of the prop- 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1179* 
 
 ertynow owned h\ the parish is estimated at $20,000, with a 
 trifling debt of $150 or $200." 
 
 The following are the officers elected April 2, 1872: — Eev. J. A. 
 Wilson, Pastor; J. W. Van Cleve, Warden; Wm. R. Post, War- 
 den; Samuel Post, Treasurer; W. O. Strong, Secretary; E. F. Uhl, 
 F. P. Bogardus, J. M. Chidister, C. Spencer, D. L. Quirk, and S. 
 H. Demick. Mrs. TJhl, Organist; Eobert Wilcey, Sexton. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The history of this Church is intimately connected with that of 
 the city for a period extending over 54 years. In July, 1879, the 
 semi-centennial of its organization was celebrated. D. B. Greene, 
 a member of the Church since 1850, and an elder since 1852, read a 
 sketch of its establishment and progress, i'rom this carefully 
 written review of men and events, connected with the Church of 
 which he is a member, the following is collated: 
 
 It appears that during the years 1827-'8 Bev. Wm. Page, of Ann 
 Arbor, and Rev. N. M. Wells, of Detroit, preached occasionally in 
 Ypsilanti, and that Elias M. Skinner sometimes read a sermon. 
 
 In July, 1829, a Church was organized, consisting of 12 members, 
 namely: — Clement Loveder, Kuth Loveder, George McDougall, 
 Mary McDougall, Daniel Russell, Cornelia Russell, James Fleming, 
 Martha Fleming, MaryMcMath, Roxana McMath, Sarah Whit- 
 more and Joseph Brown. 
 
 Before the end of 1829 five more members were added. Of the 
 original members, Mr. and Mrs. McDougall and Roxana (McMath) 
 Derby were living at date of the semi-centennial, — and the first 
 two were present; Mrs. Derby was living at Greenville, Michigan. 
 During the first part of the year the little Church had no pastor, 
 and only occasional preaching services. In the fall of 1829 Rev. 
 Wm. Jones began preaching in Ypsilanti. He was zealous and 
 laborious, but eccentric, walking through the forests. He 
 preached also at Carpenter's_ Gomer&, Dixboro and at Stoney CreekB 
 Some revival meetings, held at the house of Dea. E. Carpenter, rel 
 suited in several conversions. He closed his labors abruptly iit 
 the spring of 1830. The text of his last sermon — "Qp! get ye out 
 of this place; for the Lord will destroy it" — showed that he was not 
 hopeful of good from longer staying. In those days the Church 
 was small, and its revenues very limited. Having no house and no 
 means to spare for building one, it made the "old red school-house"" 
 its Bethel. Fortunately, immigration brought it many valuable re- 
 cruits. 
 
 Among the number who came in July, 1830, was Rev. Ira M. 
 Wead, its first pastor. He entered at once upon his work, and the 
 little pioneer Church, inspired with his zeal, worked earnestly, and 
 grew rapidly. During the first four years of his ministry 113 
 were added to the Church and rendered it self-sustaining. Six hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars from the Home Missionary Society had pcivcd 
 
1180 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 to tide the Church over the bar of pioneer weekness and set it fairly 
 afloat. It has many times over returned to the Home Mission 
 treasury the amount it had drawn therefrom. When Rev. Wead 
 took charge of the Church but two or three of its members resided 
 in the village. The remainder were scattered through the adjoin- 
 ing towns, so that the labor of the pastor was largely increased. 
 
 In October, 1830, a religious society, was organized under Terri- 
 torial statute called the " First Congregational Society of Ypsilanti." 
 EzraCarpenter, Elias M. Skinner, Salmon Champion, Timothy 
 DarlmgTJacob Bacon and Arden H. Ballard were the first trus- 
 tees. For two years members were received and dismissed by vote 
 of the Church. In August, 1832, the question, "What form of 
 Church government shall we adopt?" was first formally considered. 
 By a vote of 19 to 4 the Presbyterian form was adopted, and the 
 Church was thence forward known as " The First Presbyterian 
 Church of Ypsilanti." Ezra Carpenter, Mason Hatfield, Jacob 
 Bacon, and James Loomis were the first elders, and from that date 
 a regular sessional record has been kept. 
 
 Oct. 5, 1833, members dismissed from this Church were organ- 
 ized into the " Presbyterian Church of Stony Creek." To lose 17 
 substantial people seemed a serious drain upon a Church only four 
 years old; but the good friendship and subsequent prosperity of the 
 two Churches showed the action wise. The Church in Ypsilanti had 
 seriously felt the need of a more commodious place of worship, and 
 had made some unsuccessful elforts to start the work of building. 
 
 In the spring of 1836, P. W. Sage was appointed a committee of 
 ways and means and commissioned to set forward the work of 
 building. Many hindrances were to be overcome; but energy and 
 perseverance won a victory, and a substantial new church was dedi- 
 cated Nov. 23. 1836. During the years 1838— '43 the Church 
 prospered, and its membership was largely increased. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1844, a second colony of 13 went out from this Church and 
 formed the Presbyterian Church in Canton. In the fall of 1845 
 the pastor, finding his health impaired by constant and severe labor, 
 decided to suspend work for a time, and with his family spent a 
 year in New England. Eev. H. H. Sanderson supplied tlie pulpit 
 during the absence of Mr. Wead. In 1847 Mr. Wead was dis- 
 missed at his own request, and removing to Chicago, was appointed 
 District Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. for the Northwest. In 
 September, 1866, finding his strength unequal to further active 
 du'ty, he returned to Ynsilanti, where he resided until his death, 
 Nov. 30, 1871. 
 
 Eev. Edward Marsh occupied the pulpit as stated supply during 
 1847-'8-'9. At a meeting of the Church held Dec. 13, 1848, a reso- 
 lution was adopted declaring it expedient to adopt the limited term 
 eldership. To facilitate the change, the existing elders resigned. 
 At a subsequent election Jacob Bacon, Jas. Loomis, John Geddes, 
 John Howland, Thomas S. Hill and Calvin P. Frost were chosen 
 to constitute the new session. The system of term eldership has 
 
TPSILAifTI TOWNSHIP. 1181 
 
 been continued since that date, — two being elected yearly for a 
 term of three years. In January, 1850, Eev. EbenezerCheever, of 
 Tecumseh, was called to the pastorate of the Church, and entered 
 at once upon his work. He continued until February, 1854, when 
 he was dismissed at his own request. Like his predecessor, he re- 
 turned after his days of active duty were past to spend his last 
 years in Ypsilanti, where he died Dec. 31, 1866. After Mr. Chee- 
 ver's resignation. Rev. Jolin D. Pierce was engaged as stated supply 
 until a pastor should be called. During! the summer of 1854 cor- 
 respondence was opened with Rev. Gustavus L. Foster, of Clinton, 
 resulting in a call to the pastorate of the Church. He entered 
 upon his duties in October, 1854. During the same fall a subscrip- 
 tion was started to secure a site for a new church edifice. The sum 
 of $1,100 was raised and the lots were bought, on which the present 
 church was afterward built. , 
 
 In January, 1855, a committee was appointed to join with the 
 trustees in procuring plans for a new church, and also to issue a 
 subscription to the building fund. In June, 1856, the committee 
 reported to a meeting of the society, with plans and specifications 
 prepared by Geo. S.Greene, of Detroit, and also making a favorable 
 report in regard to finances. The society deemed the time favor- 
 able for building. Mark Norris, W. B. Hewitt and I. N. Conklin 
 were chosen to constitute, with the trustees, a building committee, 
 and were instructed to proceed at once with the building. 
 
 June 13,1856, the corner stakes of the new house were set. Oa 
 July 29 a contract was signed with John Ferrier for the building 
 of the church. The work progressed satisfactorily, and the house, 
 finished and furnished, was dedicated Sept. 23,1857. Introductory 
 services by Rev. R. A. Crampton; sermon by Rev. G. L. Foster; 
 prayer by Rev. S. D. Chapin. In the evening of the same day Mr. 
 Foster was duly installed pastor of the Church. Sermon by Rev. 
 G. C. Curtis, of Adrian; installing prayer. Rev. H.Elmer, Chelsea; 
 charge to the pastor. Rev. H. D. Kitchell, Detroit; to the people, 
 by Rev. I. M. Wead, Chicago. The years following were years of 
 prosperity to the Church. Mr. Foster was dismissed at his own 
 request in September, 1862, accepting a call to the Presbyterian 
 Church in Coldwater. Rev. J. Estabrook was engaged as stated 
 supply until a pastor should be called. The times seeming favor- 
 able for such a work, E. J. Mills, Wm. Cross and Charles Holmes 
 were appointed a committee to solicit subscriptions for the pay- 
 ment of a debt upon the church. In the meantime Rev. Geo. P. 
 Tindall, of Indianapolis, was invited to visit the Church, with a 
 view to a call. He came in July, 1863, and spent two Sabbaths. A 
 call was extended to him, which he accepted, to enter upon his 
 work here Oct. 1. 
 
 During the intervening time 13 persons took letters of dismission 
 with a view to organize a Congregational Church on the east side. 
 These letters were returned, owing to circumstances unfavorable to 
 the success of the enterprise. In October of the same year, the 
 
1182 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 committee on debt reported the same paid, and a surplus of casb 
 and pledges on hand amounting to $1,500, suggesting at the same 
 time that such surplus might be used in the purchase of an organ. 
 This suggestion was accepted, an organ purchased, and a vote of 
 thanks tendered to the committe for the work done. Toward the 
 close of 1863, Prof Estabrook established the " Young People's 
 Sunday-evening prayer-meeting," which soon passed into the con- 
 trol of the Church, and has been continued since that date. 
 
 A reorganization of the Sunday-school, under the advice of Prof. 
 E. L. Ripley, was made in 1858. In October, 1872, Miss Julia M. Ba- 
 con, a member of this Church since 1838, having been commissioned 
 by the Presbyterian Board of Missions, for work in India, took leave 
 of the Church in a public meeting, and took her departure for the 
 appointed field of her missionary labors, where she still remains. 
 
 Kev. Mr. Tindall asked to be dismissed from this Church in Decem- 
 ber, 1875, on account of failing health. The Church having concurred 
 in his request, he removed Jan. 1,1876, accepting a call at Flint. 
 The Church remained without a pastor until October following. In 
 the meantime, during the winter of 1875-'6, a marked religious in- 
 terest prevaded all the Churches in the city, but none more notably 
 than the Presbyterian. In the absence of a pastor, the Church 
 availed itself in turn of the ministrations of Professors Estabrook 
 and Putnam, Revs. Geo. Duffield, L. M. Hunt, Mr. Graves and 
 J. S. Boyden. Members of the Church also did much earnest work. 
 As a result, over 200 were added to its membership. During these 
 months of labor, the question of securing a pastor was, by common 
 consent, deferred. Subsequently the Church heard in turn three 
 able men. 
 
 A call voted to Rev. C. D. Nott, of Davenport, Iowa, was de- 
 clined because the salary offered was not satisfactory. A call was 
 then voted to Rev. Jno. M. Richmond, of Columbus, Ohio, and ac- 
 cepted by him. He removed to Ypsilanti in October, 1876, and 
 entered at once upon his work. He was duly installed by the 
 Presbytery of Detroit, Nov. 21, 1876, and is "still in the success- 
 ful prosecution of his pastoral work. At the installation. Rev. R. 
 J. Laidlaw preached the sermon. Rev. Dr. Pierson gave the charge 
 to the pastor; Rev. G. P. Tindall, the charge to the people, and Rev. 
 Dr. Duffield offered the installing prayer. Since the Church was 
 organized, the following persons have been Elders, viz.: Ezra Car-l^ 
 peuter, Mason Hatfield, Jacob Bacon, James Loomis, Munson Clark, 
 Percival W. Sage, John Geddes, Wra. R. Post, John Howland, 
 Thomas S. Hill, Calvin P. Frost, Elnathan A. Pitkin, Francis K. 
 Rexibrd, Edwin J. Mills, Charles Holmes, Sullivan M. Cntcheon, 
 Horace Bradley, Harvey S. Bradley, Cornelius IST. Ganson, John G. 
 Crane, Daniel B. Green, Ezra D. Lay, Charles Thompson, "Will- 
 iam Campbell, John Taylor and Edward P. Allen. The last- 
 named six. with the pastor, constitute the present session. 
 
 The Church roll bears 627 names, of whom about 600 are resi- 
 dent, 75 non-resident and 52 absent, whose residence is not 
 known. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1183 
 
 The pastors have been Rev. Ira M. Wead, Eev. Ebenezer Chee- 
 ver, Rev. Gustavus L. Foster, Rev. Geo. P. Tindall and Rev. John 
 M. Richmond, pastor at this time. The church is as large and pros- 
 perous as any in the city, the Sunday-school well sustained, the 
 affairs of the Church and school well administered, and the church 
 edifice compares favorably with any in the county. 
 
 The officers of the society of the Presbyterian Church are F. K. 
 Rexford, Frank Smith, Wm. Campbell, Dr. H. Van Tuyle, D. B. 
 Greene and D. C. Batchelder, Trustees; F. K. Rexford, Treasurer; 
 Wm. Campbell, Clerk; and E. A. Pitkin, Sexton. 
 
 The Sabbath-school, Ladies' Missonary Society, Mission Circle, 
 Young People's Society, the Rice Mission Band, the India Work- 
 ers, and the Little Gleaners are the names of the societies connected 
 with the Church. 
 
 Under the administration of Rev. John M. Richmond, the 
 Church and society have made wonderful progress. The officers 
 of the society are men of high position in the community, zealous 
 members of their Church, and earnest in the performance of their 
 duties as officers of the society. 
 
 EESUME. 
 
 The churches of the city at present comprise nine buildings. 
 The Presbyterian Church is administered by Rev. John Richmond, 
 and the property of the society valued at $25,000; the Episcopal, 
 by Rev. John A. Wilson, at $20,000; the Methodist Episcopal, by 
 Rev. A. F. Bournes, at $20,000; the Catholic, by Rev. Wm. De- 
 Bever, at $18,000; the Baptist, by Rev. John H. Scott, at $14,000. 
 The P. Methodist Church property is valued at $3,000; the Lu- 
 theran, at $2,000; the African M. E. Church, of which Rev. John 
 Bass is pastor, at $2,000, and the Baptist Mission Church, at $l,OOo. 
 The value of the property pertaining to the religious societies of 
 thecityjis $105,000, showing an average of $21.0i toeach individual 
 of the 4,990 persons credited to the city by the census officers of 
 1880. 
 
 TEMPERANCE WOEKEES IN THE CITY. 
 
 The laborers in the field of temperance have not acted the lag- 
 gard's part; throughout the city and townships, the result of their 
 efforts makes itself manifest. The name of that village which a 
 half century ago was a synonym for a drinking man, has been 
 uplifted, gradually but surely, from the obloquy which surrounds 
 such a notoriety, until now it has reached an enviable position in 
 the ranks of temperate cities. It has been related by one who 
 was present at a temperance revival meeting held in February, 
 1881, that the working of the temperance organization of Ypsilanti 
 was perfect in detail, wanting only in a minute particular. That one 
 want can be supplied only by the more zealous members becoming 
 
1184 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 a little more discerning. At the meeting referred to, Mr. Bain, of 
 Kentucky, dealt forcibly and logically with the evils of intemper- 
 ance, and the benign influences of temperance. The lecture was 
 appreciated, no less than 80 men and women signing the pledge roll. 
 During this affecting scene a good man, a philanthropic man, ad- 
 dressed a resolute total abstainer, who had never hitherto attended 
 a temperance meeting, and requested him to sign, actually tried to 
 force him into signing that pledge. Now that aggrieved party 
 would not ignore his great resolution by any qualifying signature 
 for all the world. To reason with him in the presence of many 
 was unwise and impolite. 
 
 PHCENIX LODGE F. & A. M. 
 
 March 4, 1846, pursuant to previous notice, the following mem- 
 bers of the Ancient Order of Freemasons in the vicinity of Ypsi- 
 lanti met at the office of J. Goodell for the purpose of " organizing 
 and obtaining a dispensation for a lodge in the village of Ypsilanti:" 
 Anthony Case, James Collins, Wilkinson Dean, J. Goodell, S. "W". 
 Osgood, J. Hornbeck, M. Curtiss, John Yan Fossen, Phillip Sines, 
 Eurotas Morton, Luther Bennett, W. B. Hewitt, E. J. Hewitt, 
 W. A. Haynes, W. R. Waldron, Madison Cook. 
 
 The first officers elected were: W. M., John Yan Fossen; S. W., 
 Edmund Hewitt; J. "W., Madison Cook; Secretary, "W. B. Hewitt; 
 Treasurer, A. Parkhurst; S. D., E. Grant; J. D., M. A. Haynes; 
 Tyler, W. Dean. A hall was procured in which to hold the meet- 
 ing, and some years after improved their rooms, and fitted them up 
 for the express use of the lodge. In 1875 or 1876 the first Ma- 
 sonic Institute was held in Ypsilanti, in which several visiting 
 lodges participated. Phoenix Lodge has done a vast amount of 
 work in relieving the wants of the poor and needy, and in advanc- 
 ing the social and moral features of Ypsilanti and vicinity. The 
 following are the present officers: "W". M., J . P. Yromen; S. W., P. 
 Carpenter; J. W., H. Stevenson; Treasurer , J. W. Flowers; Secre- 
 tary, Edmund Hewitt; S. D., J. W. Spoor; J. D., A. H. S. Curtis; 
 Tyler, George Kishlar. 
 
 I. 0. o. F. 
 
 In August, 1845, a petition to the Grand Lodge of Michigan, 
 bearing the signatures of Chauncey Joslin, Benjamin Follett,John 
 W. Yan Cleve, Julius Movius, James E. Piatt,' and Lawrence "W. 
 Cole, praying authorization to establish a lodge of the order at 
 Ypsilanti, was acceded to. Subsequently, "Wyandotte Lodge, No. 
 10, was organized and inaugurated Sept. 17, 1845, with Benjamin 
 Follett, N. G. ; Alfred A. Hunter, Y. G. ; Chauncey Joslin, Sec- 
 retary, and Thomas 0. Hill, Treasurer. During tlie 12 succeed- 
 ing years this lodge attained a very high position among the lodges 
 of the State. The treasury was prosperous to a high degree; ben- 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1185 
 
 efits to the ailing members, and widows of deceased members, 
 were conferred in that genial form which almost banished grief 
 from the afflicted household where snch fraternal aid extended. 
 
 In 1850 the roll of membership numbered 84. The lodge grew 
 in influence and wealth, continued in the paths of progress for 
 some years, until the demon of jealousy and discord presented him- 
 self in its halls. From that moment Wyandotte Lodge entered 
 on that career which led to dissolution. In 1857 the roll of mem- 
 bership held only 32 names, although the fund of $1,500 to the 
 credit of the organization at that time pointed out the executive 
 to be strong in business ability and high character, and deserving 
 of a much greater support. "Within a period of three years, or in 
 1860, the variety of ideas existing in its membership caused its 
 disruption, — an organization, which for many years gave promise 
 of much good, was dissolved, the records placed in possession of 
 the Grand Lodge of Michigan, and another little community of 
 friends scattered — a few never to meet again as brothers of the 
 Wyandotte Lodge; others, more fortunate, to witness the revival 
 of Odd Fellowship here, after a social sleep of 18 years. 
 
 THE GOOD TEMPLAES. 
 
 A lodge of Good Templars was organized in 1865, under the 
 title, " Ypsilanti Lodge, !N"o. 282." Since its organization much 
 good has been effected. The following are the present officers of 
 the society: Wm. McAndrew, W. 0. T.; Sadie Spears, W. Y. T.; 
 Alfred Humphrey, "W. E. S. ; Lizzie Smith, "W. T. ; Harry Opie, 
 W. F. S.; Chris. Dilson,W. M.; Libbie Bonnett, W. L G. ; E. 
 Knapp, W. O. G.; Wm. McAndrew, Fred Humphrey, C. F. Enders, 
 Trustees; Messrs. Walkington and W. F. Pattison, and Misses 
 Mary Leggate, Louise Rowley and Lizzie Smith, delegates to the 
 District Lodge to be held in Detroit. 
 
 A. 0. u. w. 
 
 The Ancient Order of United Workmen is the name of a purely 
 benevolent organization, within the reach of all classes. Its most 
 distinguishing feature is mutual life insurance; and it gives a pos- 
 itive guaranty of $2,000 to the heirs or assigns of a deceased mem- 
 ber. The order was introduced into the city of Ypsilanti by the 
 organization of Ypsilanti Lodge, JSTo. 15, Oct. 19, 1877. The 
 charter officers were : D. W. Thompson, P. M. W.; Hiram Batch- 
 elder, M. W.; George W. Parsons, G. F.; Murray P. Holmes, O. ; 
 Samuel W. Parsons. ReCj,; Frank Joslin, R. ; James E. Lawrence, 
 F.; Peter W. Carpenter, G. ; William H. Guild, I. W., Aaron L. 
 Corey, O. W.; Justin £. Post, M. E.; Henry P. Glover, Chas. W. 
 Mansfield, James N. Wallace, Trustees. 
 
 The charter members were: Hiram Batchelder, George W. Par- 
 sons, Daniel W. Thompson, Aaron L. Corey, Peter W. Carpenter, 
 
1186 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOTJNTY. 
 
 Murray P. Holmes, James E. Lawrence, Chas. Smith, "William 
 Pattison, Samuel W. Parsons, Henry P. Glover, James 1?(. "Wallace, 
 Frank Joslin, "William H. Guild, Justin E. Post, Abel C. Stells, 
 Chas. "W. Mansfield, Jerome J. Stephenson. 
 
 The officers are elected every six months, and from date of organ- 
 ization to the present time the following members have been M. W. : 
 Hiram Batchelder, Peter "W. Carpenter, Henry E. Scovill, Martin 
 Cremer. 
 
 The present officers for the term ending June 30, 1881, are: E. "W. 
 "Washburn, jr., M. W.; Jerry H. "Whitney, G. P.; Jerome J. 
 Stephenson, O.; Chas. 0. Oarr, G.; Frank Joslin, R.; Aaron L. 
 Oorev, F.; Edmund Hewitt, Rec; E. "W. Moorman, J. W.; Isaac 
 B. Harris, O. "W.; Justin E. Post, M. E.; Josiah F. Sanders 
 Hiram Batchelder, John S. Harris, Trustees. 
 
 The amount of benefits, or insurance, paid since the organization 
 is $6,000; which was paid to the heirs of the following Brothers: 
 James Henry Brown, Elisha J. Gorton, Jacob C. Eyder; $2,000 
 each. 
 
 OTHER SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Mechanics^ Mutual Protection Society of Tpsilanti was or 
 ganized Jan. 18, 1850. For a short time it carried out its pro- 
 gramme in a most precise manner, and conferred upon its members 
 a few advantages. Toward the close of 1852, however, the Execn- 
 tiveCommittee, finding it impossible to carry out the objects of the 
 society, determined to close its career, and consequently, in the 
 spring of 1853, at a general meeting then convened, a resolution, in 
 accordance with this determination, was carried, and the Mechanics' 
 Mutual Protection Association ceased to exist. 
 
 The Sons of Temperance organized a society here toward the 
 close of the year 1854. Ko doubt whatever can exist regarding the 
 good intentions of the originators; but owing to some flaw in the 
 practical workings of the society it lost whatever influence it 
 may have at any time wielded, leaving only the principles, which it 
 essajed to inculcate, as a rich legacy to thinking men. 
 
 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT, 
 
 organized some years ago as a voluntary corps, with 40 members, 
 is very efficient, and has been self-sustaining from the first. The 
 company use a Clapp & Jones steamer and two hand engines, the 
 latter rarely being brought out. The building occupied by the 
 department is situated on Huron street, near Congress, is two 
 stories in height and cost $2,000. F. P. Bogardus was the first 
 Foreman, and H. K. Scoville, the present .Chief, was appointed 
 bv the common council in 1880. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1187 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Tliis most important branch of township history must commend 
 itself to everyone. That it necessarily contains much valuable in- 
 formation, and the relation of a series of events, more or less his- 
 torical, is conceded. Therefore it is considered just and proper 
 that anything which may have a place in the pages devoted to it 
 should be passed lightly over in the foregoing chapters, in order 
 that repetition might be avoided, and the more precise and com- 
 plete facts intermingled with the always interesting reminiscences 
 generally given in personal sketches. 
 
 Dr.H. U. Andrus, physican and surgeon, Ypsilanti, was born in' Jefferson county, 
 N. Y., February, 1832. He received his preliminary education in the district 
 schools of New York, and was for a time in attendance at an Eastern academy 
 For 38 years he has been a successful clairvoyant medium, and has received 
 many flattering testimonals from the recipients of hia wonderful healing art. 
 He was married in Ohio, to Olive Beswick, of Vermont. They have 3 children. 
 In 1863 Dr. Andrus enlisted in the army of the Cumberland, and the greater 
 part of the war was stationed at Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 George Armstrong (deceased) was born near Geneva, N. Y., and in his youth fol- 
 lowed agricultural pursuits. He came to this county, and settled in Lodi tp., 
 where he bought a farm of 200 acres, residing on this property until his death, 
 which occurred in 1868. He is buried on Lodi Plains. Mrs. Armstrong, who 
 still survives, is a resident of Ypsilanti tp., and the mother of 4 children — Frank, 
 who was born in 1856, and in 1877 purchased the " McBain farm " of 87 acres ; 
 Clara, born in 1859 ; Emma, born in 1862, and Georgia, who was born in 1868. 
 
 James Arnold (deceased) was a native of Ontario Co., N. Y., where he was born 
 in 1808. He was raised a farmer's boy, and while a resident of New York mar- 
 ried Appleby Snyder. He emigrated to Michigan in 1855, and stopped two years 
 at Detroit, where he was engaged in the dry-goods business. He had previously 
 purchased the farm owned by John W. Van Cleve, of Ypsilanti, and in 1857 re- 
 moved upon it, where he lived until his death. Mr. Arnold once officiated 
 as Deputy Sheriff of Washtenaw county. He died in the year 1879; his 
 wife still survives. There are 6 of their children living — Chester, a 
 resident of Kansas, who married Elizabeth Freer, of New York ; Seth, born 
 in New York in 1840, and married Ellen Ward, daughter of Lyman Ward, 
 a pioneer of Michigan ; Francis, a resident of Ontario Co., N. Y., who married 
 Idele Steele, of this county ; Adeline, wife of William Hankinson, of Ontario 
 Co., N. Y. ; Catherine, wife of Charles Ward, of this county ; Mary, now Mrs. 
 Henry Nelson, of New York. 
 
 C. F. Ashley, M. D., Ypsilanti, was born in the town of Phelps, Ontario Co., N. 
 Y., May 30, 1816. His father, Thomas Ashley, was an early settler in that lo- 
 calitj'. His antecedents settled in Connecticut at an early day, having received 
 large land grants from the King of England. His mother, Rachel (Woodard) 
 Ashley, was the daughter of Ontario county pioneers. She died when the 
 subject of this sketch was but three years of age, and from that time his home 
 was with a sister who married about the time of his mother's death. His literary 
 education was chiefly received at Lima Seminary, at Lima, N. Y. There he also 
 pursued the study of medicine two years with Dr. William Butler. He then went 
 to a medical college at Fairfield, N. Y., where he passed the school year of 1839- 
 '40, the last session of that institution. The following three years were spent in 
 teaching, and pursuing studies pertaining to medicine. In the fall of 1844 he 
 went to New York city and entered the medical department of the University of 
 the City of New York, from which he graduated in 1845. The next year was 
 spent at his home, in recruiting his health. In 1846 he came to Michigan, and 
 after visiting various places, settled near Wayne, where he remained two years. 
 He then returned to New York and spent some months in reviewing and studying 
 medicine. In 1849 he came to Michigan again, intending to go further West,' 
 lut was persuaded to locate in Ypsilanti. Since then this city has been his home. 
 
1188 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Dr. Ashley served as an Alderman from the first ward for one term, but his pro- 
 fession kept him out of political life thereafter. He is a member of the County 
 Medical Society, and was for some years connected with the State and National 
 Societies. He was a member of the original organization of Odd Fellows in this 
 city, but since its reorganization has not been connected with it. He is a mem- 
 ber of Phcenix Lodge and Excelsior Chapter of P. & A. M., of this city, and was 
 for some years a member of Detroit Commandery, No. 1. Reared in the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal faith, he at the age of 16 united with that Church and has always 
 remained with it. Dr. Ashley is quite a naturalist and has a fine collection ot 
 the birds of Michigan, collected and mounted by himself. He is also interested 
 in bee culture and has an apiary of about 70 colonies. A life of kind acts and 
 good deeds has won a warm place for the Doctor in the hearts of a large circle of 
 friends. 
 
 iV. L. AtiBood, keeper of a restaurant and hotel conducted on the European 
 plan, and carrying on a successful business, is a native of New Hampshire, where 
 he was born in 1826, a son of Thomas Atwood. When he was 15 years old he 
 went to New York State, where he became engaged in the furniture and under- 
 taking business in Steuben county, but met a loss by fire. Was married in 1846 to 
 Miss Clara Clough, who died in 1866, and in 1876 he married Mrs. D. Greenfield. 
 
 F. H. Barnum, of the firm of Barnum & Earl, Ypsilanti, was born in Van 
 Buren county, Mich., in 1851. He was educated at Paw Paw, in that county. He 
 was reared on a farm, but in 1877 engaged in the jewelry business at Bronson, 
 Mich., where he remained until 1878. In that year he came to this city, and in 
 company with Mr. Frank Earl purchased the business of Mr. W. B Kinne, and 
 opened under the firm name of Barnum & Earl, carrying a general line of jewelry 
 and silverware. He was married in 1872 to Miss Florence E. Gates, formerly 
 from Franklin county, IS . Y. To them have been born 3 daughters. Mr. Barnum 
 is a member of the Presbyterian Churci of this city. 
 
 Br. A. F. Barr, dentist in Mason Block, Ypsilanti, was born in Wayne county, 
 Ohio, April 25, 1821, and was a son of John and Rachel (Smith) Barr. He spent 
 his boyhood days on a farm, and when 17 years of age his father died, and soon 
 after he entered a general store as a clerk. In 1845 he began the study of medi- 
 cine, at Niles, Mich. He finally acquired a knowledge of dentistry, and soon af- 
 ter commenced to practice that profession at Pontiac, Mich. After remaining for 
 some time at Port Huron and other points on the St. Clair river, in November, 
 1856, he came to Ypsilanti, where he has since resided. Mr. Barr married Har- 
 riet Parmenter, of Tecumseh, Mich., by whom he has 2 children. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Masonic order. 
 
 Frederick Basam (deceased), an early pioneer of York tp., was born in Seneca 
 county, N. Y., in 1792. He was reared to manhood in his native county, and then 
 married Lucinda Brewster. In 1834 he located in this county, where, as the years 
 rolled by, he became a prosperous farmer. He owned at the time of his death 
 240 acres of good land. His wife died in 1872, and he followed a year later. Seven 
 children survive — Samuel, who married Susannah Herringdean, resides near 
 Coldwater, Mich. ; Rufus, who married Annette Woodard ; William, a resident of 
 Kansas, married Sarah Hay ; Ambrose, George, Sophia, wife of Oscar Rogers, of 
 Ionia county, Mich. ; Albert, who resides on the old homestead ; and Erastus M. 
 The latter was born in Steuben county, N. Y., in 1824. He was reared in this 
 county, and in 1846 married Ann M. Rogers, of Augusta tp., who died March 8, 
 1872. He was again married at Ypsilanti Sept. 4, 1873, to Martha, daugh- 
 ter of Israel and Polly Rogers. Mr. Basom owns 117 acres of good land, on which 
 is erected a costly brick residence. 
 
 Bev. Jesse Bass, Pastor of the African M, E. Church of Ypsilanti, was born 
 near Winchester, Ind., in 1844. His father was a farmer, and in 1846 removed to 
 Oxford, 0. Within the next two years his parents died, and from that time his 
 home was with his father's brother, in Darke county, O. There he was educated. 
 In 1866 he entered the ministry, his first pastorate being in Randolph county, 
 Ind. He afterward was pastor at Muscatine, Iowa ; Vincennes, Terre Haute,' 
 Lafayette, and New Albany, Ind. ; Niles, Battle Creek, and Ypsilanti, Mich., this 
 being his third pastorate here. His ministry has been generally successful,' and 
 his charge built up. He is a hard student, and is trying to make up for his 
 earlier restricted education. Mr. Bass is a member of Hart Lodge, No. 2 
 of colored compact F. & A.M. of this city. In 1859 he was married to Miss 
 Nancy J. Syaiu, of Detroit. To them have been born 2 sons and 1 daughter. 
 
-^pSIPSj; 
 
 ^.^. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1193 
 
 Don Carlos Batchelder, of the bankinff Arm of Hemphill, Batchelder & Co. 
 Ypsilanti, was bom at Stratford, Orange Co., Vt., July 13, 1834, and was a son of 
 Joseph Batchelder, a farmer of that locality. Don C. enjoyed the advantages of 
 a village school, and in 1853 came to Ypsilanti, Mich., where he worked as an 
 apprentice in the marble-cutting business with his brothei-, H. Batchelder. He 
 became quite proficient as a letterer and cai-ver, and in 1855 went to Janesville, 
 Wis., where he entered in business for himself In 1859 he returned to Washte- 
 naw county, locating at Ann Arbor. At the commencement of the civil war, he 
 raised a company of men, which was consolidated with another, and he received 
 a commission as Lieutenant of Co, F, 6th Mich. Cav., holding said commission 
 until 1863, when he was obliged to resign on account of ill health. He returned 
 to Ypsilanti, where he has since resided. When the present banking firm was 
 organized, in 1879, Mr. Batchelder became a member, and has since remained 
 in the tirm. He married Maria, youngest daughter of Eurotas Morton. Mrs. 
 B. died Aug. 7, 1876, and Nov. 5, 1879, Mr. Batchelder married Emma K. Dol- 
 son, daughter of Richard C. Dolson, a former hardware merchant of Ypsilanti. 
 They have 1 child — Florence Emma. 
 
 Hiram BaMhelder, a stockholder and general manager of the Ypsilanti carriage 
 works, was born in Orange county, Vt., Nov. 3, 1837, and resided in his native 
 State until his 23d year. He received a common-school education, and in 1850 
 removed to Ypsilanti, Mich., where he engaged in the marble business, which, 
 by care and diligent attention, developed into desirable proportions. In .1879 he 
 became one of the organizers of the Ypsilanti Carriage Co., and assumed the 
 management of the entire business. Mr. Batchelder married Lucy Ann Smith, 
 daughter of Daniel Smith, a farmer of West Rutland, Vt. Three children have 
 been sent to bless this union — Julia, John H. and Nellie. Mr. Batchelder is a 
 warm supporter of all worthy jjublic enterprises, and a solid and influential 
 citizen. 
 
 Edicard Baiioell, M. D., Yj)silanti, was born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1838. 
 He began to study for his profession in 1841, at that time becoming apprenticed 
 to Thomas O'Goi-man, an apothecary, for a term of five years. In 1848 he gradu- 
 ated from the College of Surgeons, at London, England, and in 1849 from the 
 Royal College of Surgeons at Dublin. In that year he came to this country and 
 came at once to Detroit. He followed the practice of his profession in that city 
 until 1861. At the breaking out of the war in that year he entered the service as 
 Surgeon of the 14th Mich. Inf Vols., and believes himself to be the only Michi- 
 gan Sm'geon who continued in the service to the close of the war. In 1865 he re- 
 turned to Detroit, where he remained but a few months, and came to this city, 
 where he had removed his family during the war. Since that time he has been 
 in practice here, making surgery a specialty. He was married in 1854 to Miss 
 Delano, of Detroit, and to them have been born 3 sons and 1 daughter. The sons 
 are both in business houses in Detroit. 
 
 Evan Begole ranks among the more successful agriculturists of the tp. He 
 was born in Steuben county, N. Y., in 1831. His parents, Thomas and Nancy 
 Begole, were natives of Maryland, and at an early day settled in Genesee county, 
 where Evan passed his youthful life. He engaged in the lumbering business in 
 Livingston and Allegany counties, and was married in Steuben county to Mar- 
 garet, daughter of James and Margaret Wallace, Ijy whom he had 4 children, 3 
 of whom are living — Amarit, Ardellia and Gage. Murray is deceased. Mrs. 
 Begole departed this life Feb. 4, 1863, and Mi-. Begole afterward married Mrs. 
 Harriet Webster, relict of J. Webster (dec), and daughter of William Nixon. 
 They have 1 child — Charles L. Mr. Begole settled in York tp. in 1849, wliere he 
 bought 195 acres. Fifteen years later, he removed to Ypsilanti tp., where he 
 owns 130 acres of land, on which is erected a fine residence. 
 
 Charles Fitz Roy Bellows, M. A., C. E., Professor of Mathematics, Michigan 
 State Normal School, Ypsilanti, was born in Charlestown, N. H., Oct. 37, 1833. 
 His ancestors settled about the time of the Revolutionary war near Walpole and 
 the neighboring towns of Charlestown and Bellows Falls', the latter place taking 
 its name from the family. 
 
 In 1887 his parents moved to Michigan, and settled upon a farm in the town- 
 ship of Climax, Kalamazoo county, where his father still lives. His mother died 
 in 1864. The subject of this sketch claims the honor of having been brought up 
 upon a farm, serving his full time there to the age of 31. His parents were 
 pioneers, whereby was secured to him the advantage of the discipline which 
 69 
 
1194 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 comes of diligence, liard work and plain living — scrubbing to get along in a new- 
 country. The first school he attended in the State was a private one, for the 
 accommodation of two or three families, taught by his atint in her own house. 
 When the school of the district opened he attended there until about 10 years of 
 age, after which he could be spared from the work of the farm only during the 
 winter term of school. At the age of 18 his father sent him to Olivet to attend 
 what was then called the Olivet Institute, now Olivet College. Except the first 
 summer following, he was at this school two years. It was here, under the 
 instruction of Prof. O. Hosford, teacher of mathematics, that he began to exhibit 
 a fondness for mathematical study, and conceived the idea of becoming a teacher 
 of that branch. It was under the hand of this instructor and under influences of 
 Olivet that his mind seemed to take its setting in the direction of his future work 
 
 In the fall of 18.52 the State Normal school opened with a teachers' institute of 
 six weeks, which he attended, being present at the dedication of the building and 
 the inauguration of the first Principal of the school. Prof. A. 8. Welch. 
 
 Following the institute, he engaged to teach for four months the school at 
 Verona, Calhoun Co., at $17 per month and " board around." The following 
 spring he returned to the Normal school and attended during its first regular 
 term, and during a part of the next term, until the time of leaving for Port Huron, 
 where he had been engaged to teach during the winter at $45 per month. 
 
 At the close of his engagement at Port Huron he returned to the Normal school, 
 where he remained one year. At the close of this year he married Miss Julia E. 
 Walter, of Clarkston, Mich., with whom he had become acquainted at the Normal 
 school. 
 
 At the time of his marriage, under the influence of what seemed a strange de- 
 sire of his father, he entertained the idea for a time of pursuing the occupation of 
 farming, and accordingly engaged in a partial charge of his father's farm at Climax. 
 
 Finding his preference for the work of teaching so strong, he remained upon 
 the farm but a single season, and the following fall he engaged as Principal of the 
 school at Constantine, which was then just opening as a graded school in a new 
 building. After one year at Constantine he was induced to enter upon charge of 
 a combined common school and academy at Mishawaka, Ind., where he remained 
 during five years. Returning then to Constantine he was in charge of the school 
 there the following two years. Having now taught eight years and in the mean- 
 time been at work upon one of the courses of study of the University, laying out 
 a portion for completion each year, he determined to go to Ann Arbor and pursue 
 the studies still before him. 
 
 Agreeably with his mathematical inclinations he entered the engineering de- 
 partment and was graduated at the end of the year. He had completed a full 
 preparatory course in Latin and Greek at the Normal school, to which he had 
 made considerable addition by private study and teaching, and accordingly, four 
 years after his graduation as a civil engineer, the degree of M. A. was conferred 
 upon him by the University. 
 
 Following the j-ear spent in study he took charge of the graded school at De- 
 catur, Mich., where he remained three years. 
 
 The county superintendency of schools having been inaugurated he was elected 
 as the first incumbent of that otflce for Van Buren county, and in connection 
 with the duties of that position, engaged in the publication of a weekly news- 
 paper at Decatur called the Vtin Buren Gounty Mepublican. 
 
 'The following fall he was appointed Professor of Mathematics in the State 
 Normal School, a position which he still occupies. 
 
 L. G. Birk, proprietor Ypsilanti ashery, was born at Bridegeport Conn. , in 1853, 
 and three years later his parents moved to Ypsilanti. In 1878 Mr. Birk was 
 united in marrage to Carrie Schmid, daughter of John C. Schmid, a well-known 
 lumber dealer of Ann Ai-bor. Mr. Birk was formerly a resident of Ann Arbor, 
 and while residing there was Treasurer of the Ann Arbor Shooting Club. He es- 
 tablished his present business in 1878, and has 12 leaches, and the same number 
 of vats in active operation. He manufactures about 60 casks of potash yearly, 
 which find a ready sale in New York citv- 
 
 Francis P. Bogardus, Cashier of First National Bank, Ypsilanti, was born at 
 Carbondale, Penn., May 9, 1837. His father is Hon. Edgar Bogardus, a promi- 
 nent and much respected citizen of Ypsilanti. In 1846 Mrs. Bogardus died, and 
 Francis soon after accompanied an uncle, Isaac N. Conklin, to Ypsilanti, Mich. 
 He received a good education in the public schools, and after some time spent 
 
YPSILA.NTI TOWNSHIP. 1195 
 
 in the drugstore of E. Sampson, he was employed in the bank of Pollett, Conk- 
 lin & Co. as bookkeeper. He remained there until 1860, when he ena-aged in the 
 banking business with his father, under the firm name of E. & F. P Bogardus 
 Ihis business relation continued seven years, when it was consolidated with the 
 JJirst JNational Bank, Mr. Bogardus being elected Cashier. Mr. B. is a man 
 ot marked social characteristics, genial manners and full of enterprise and ambi- 
 tion. He was City Treasurer of Ypsilanti for several years, and Mayor for two 
 terms. He was instrumental in securing the location of the Normal school at 
 Ypsilanti, and was one of the promoters and builders of the fine opera house 
 that adorns that city. ]Mr. Bogardus is not a strong political partisan, but lends 
 his influence to those who can best sei-ve the cause of the community. State or 
 nation. He married Sarah E. Hall, a daughter of Charles Hall (deceased), an 
 old pioneer of this county. They have 3 children— Charles, Fannie and George. 
 
 B. Bortle, proprietor restaurant and hotel, Congress st., Ypsilanti, was born in 
 Columbia county, N. Y., in 1820. Early in life he learned the carpenter's trade, 
 and in 1855 he went to Chicago, 111., where he worked at his trade until the break- 
 ing out of the Rebellion. He raised two companies of troops, one in the three 
 months' service, and the other for the second call of troops to serve three years. 
 He was elected Captain of the 10th 111. Vol. Cav., and served in that capacity un- 
 til 1863, when he resigned his commission and located at Rochester, N.Y., where 
 he was the successful proprietor of a hotel and restaurant for some years. 
 In 1871 he located in Ypsilanti, and established his present business, enjoying at 
 present a good trade. 
 
 Henry 8. Boutell, agriculturist, was born in Steuben county, N. Y., in 1829. He 
 was reared to manhood in his native State, and there married Delia Cheney, 
 daughter of "William Cheney, a prominent miller of Rochester, N. Y. In 1851 
 Wt. Boutell settled in Ypsilanti tp., where he resided until the war commenced. 
 He enlisted in Co. B, 4th Mich. Cav., and participated in 86 battles and skir- 
 mishes, and also at the capture of Jefferson Davis. He was twice wounded, and 
 honoralDly discharged at Nashville, Tenn., as brevet Captain of Co. C. He re- 
 tm'ned to this county, and has since been engaged in farming. Mr. Boutell and 
 wife have 3 children — Henry, Horace and Lima. Mr. B. was Treasurer of Ypsi- 
 lanti tp. for several terms. 
 
 Sev. Samuel T). Breed, Ypsilanti, was born in Oswego county, N. Y., in 1831, 
 and is a son of Reuben and Martha (Everett) Breed. Samuel attained his 18th 
 year in New York, and in 1861 entered a well-known theological seminary at 
 Chicago, where he took a thorough course of study. He began his ministerial 
 career at Chelsea, Mich., thence to Augusta, thence to Grand Blanc, Genesee Co., 
 thence to Rochester, Mich., and thence' to Ypsilanti. He is now pastor of a 
 flourishing congregation at Flat Rock, Mich. He was married to Orpha A. Fenn, 
 of Sylvan tp., who died Feb. 12, 1846. They had 1 child, Reno O., who gave up 
 his life in the Rebellion. Mr. Breed was united in marriage to Amelia E. Bos- 
 worth, who has borne him 4 children — Dwight A., Merle A., Amelia and Ger- 
 trude. 
 
 B. S. Brinkerhoff, insurance and real estate agent, was born near Auburn, 
 Cayuga Co., N. Y., Jan. 1, 1819. His parents, Jacob N. and Maria (Johnson) 
 Brinkerhoflf, were natives of Adams county. Pa., who settled in New York at an 
 early date. When H. H. had reached his 10th year his parents removed to Liv- 
 ingston county, N. Y., where he remained until his marriage to Sarah Begole, 
 daughter of William Begole, of Mt. Morris. He then removed to Michigan, 
 locating at Tecumseh, and subsequently at Saline, where he bought 240 acres of 
 land. Eight years after he desired to give his children the benefits of a good 
 education, and therefore removed to Ypsilanti, where he has since resided. 
 
 W. K. Brock, farmer, is a native of Devonshire, England, where he was born 
 in 1826, son of Richard and Charity Brock. In his 18th year he crossed the ocean 
 and took up his residence with his people in New York State. In 1851 he was 
 married to Miss Angle Brown, a daughter of Hiram Brown. The year following 
 Mr. Brock came to Michigan and first settled in York tp., where he invested in 80 
 acres, residing upon this property until 1866, when he purchased his present 
 property, comprising 145 acres of remunerative land in Ypsilanti tp. 
 
 Walter A. Buckiee (deceased) was born in Vermont in l807. He was educated 
 in his native State, and at an early age began the study of law. He was admitted 
 to the Bar by Judge Hinsdale, and soon after married Amanda Weed. He came 
 to Michigan in 18(J7, locating at Ypsilanti, where he had previously purchased a 
 
1196 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 fine residence property. Soon after arrival lie was admitted to practice in the 
 Bar of Michigan, and devoted all the energy and ambition of his nature to his 
 profession. He died in 1850, leaving a wife and 4 children. The children are — 
 Sarah, wife of H. M. Cheever, of Betroit; Walter, a clerk in the employ of the 
 ■well known publishing house of Jansen, McClurg & Co., of Chicago, who married 
 Elizabeth Love, of Canada ; Mary, wife of Mr. Jansen, of the previously mentioned 
 firm ; Edward, land agent for the C. & N. W. railroad, at Chicago, and who 
 married Mary Church. He was a soldier in the late conflict. 
 
 A. P. Bucklin was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., in 1812. His grandfather, 
 William Bucklin, was a native of Rhode Island, and settled in New York, at a 
 very early date. He died at Little Falls, at an advanced age. His wife was a 
 lady of more than ordinary worth. She bore bim 7 children, 1 of whom, Francis 
 B., Vas the father of the subject of this sketch. He owned a valuable tract of land 
 in Cliautauqua Co., N. Y., but came to Michigan in 1843, and located in Jackson 
 county. After several years he removed to Iowa, and thence to Pecatonica, Ills., 
 where lie died at the age of 85 years. Mrs. Bucklin died in Erie Co., N. Y., in 
 1832. In 1838 A. P. Bucklin was married to Cornelia A. Preston, daughter of 
 James A. and Margaret Preston, natives of Kew York. In early life he was em- 
 ployed on a stage line between Detroit and Ypsilanti. After his marriage lie 
 puroliased a farm of 80 acres in Jackson county, and at the expii-ation of 10 years 
 disposed of his farm and entered the employ of the M. C. R. R., where he re- 
 mained until 1860. He then purchased the old Perry House, at Ypsilanti, and 
 clianged the name to the Bucklin House. In 1868 he retired from active life, and 
 bought a good residence on Huron street. Mr. Bucklin is a member of the jVIa- 
 souic order and a well-respected citizen of Ypsilanti. He has 6 children — De^\'itt 
 C, who married Mrs. Nellie Bogardus; Delos P., who married Nelly Jolly, of 
 New York; Frank D., who is married to Frances Covert; Louisa H., wife <if 
 Charles Elliott, of Detroit ; Walter, married to Ida Scott, of Dayton, Ohio ; and 
 Anna, a resident of Ypsilanti. 
 
 A. F. Burbank, foreman of Ypsilanti Paper Mills, was born in Ann Arbor July 
 18, 1844, the youngest son of the next mentioned. In 1854 the parents exchanged 
 their Ann Arbor property for 100 acres in Augusta,, where they resided nine years, 
 and A. F. obtained a good English education; they then removed to Romulus, 
 Wayne county, and settled upon a farm, but shortly afterward moved back to Ann 
 Arbor. March 33, 1867, Austin F. settled at Ypsilanti and soon was employed by 
 the Corn well Paper Co., as an assistant on one of their numerous paper machines; 
 within three months he was promoted to a more responsible position, and after the 
 boiler explosion of 1876, to a still higher position, that of foreman. March 8, 1868, 
 he married Emma J. Woodruff, daughter of Benj. and Ruth (Fuller) Woodruff, 
 and the name of their only child is Lucy E. Mr. B. is a Freemason and a member 
 of the A. O. U. W. 
 
 George O. Burbanh (deceased) was born April 9, 1800, at Montpelier, Vt.; at 23 
 he went to Rochester, N. Y., where he maiTied Lucy Hinchie, who was born Sept. 
 8, 1803, in Monroe tp., Saratoga Co., N. Y. In 1836 he came to Detroit, and dur- 
 ing the succeeding winter obtained the right to practice medicine in the territory 
 of Michigan, locating in the spring in Scio village. After a wearisome journey by 
 wagon drawn by an ox-team, the following day he bired a man with a horse- 
 team, and thus provided with an ox and horse-team, journeyed that day as far as 
 Mr. Pray's, one of the first pioneers in Southern Michigan. In four years he re- 
 moved to Ann Arbor, where he purchased a house and lot on the southwest corner 
 of Fourth and Liberty streets, where he passed the remainder of his life. 
 
 WelU Burt, Ypsilanti, was born in Erie county, N. Y., in 1830. His father 
 was there a business man. In 1824 his parents moved to Macomb county, Mich., 
 and were among the pioneers of that locality. In the schools of that day Mr. 
 Burt was educated, graduating from a log school-liouse. On a fai-m the first 19 
 years of his life were passed and then he engaged in public surveying with his 
 father on township lines in Wisconsin during 1839-'40. In 1843 he engaged in 
 surveying in Iowa, which he followed until 1851. ■ In that year he 
 engaged in tne mining and manufacture of iron. He is interested in 
 the Lake Superior Mining Co., in Marquette county, Mich., and is in- 
 terested in a number of furnaces in the State. He is President of the 
 Union Iron Co., of Detroit. In 1865 he caine to this city, attracted 
 by the schools, and since then has resided here. In politics Mr. Btirt is a 
 Republican. In 1851 he was married to Miss Beaman, of Rochester, Mich. 
 
Yl^SILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1197 
 
 E. S. Butts, proprietor of the well-kuown Moore saw-mill, -was born in tliis 
 county in 1841. His parents, S. K. and Lydia A. Butts, purchased land in Ypsi- 
 lanti tp., in 1844. E. S. was reared on this farm, and in 1863 enlisted in the 13th 
 Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and after three years service received his discharge at Niles, 
 Mich. He returned to this county and engaged in milling. In 1880 he pur- 
 chased his present mill. December, 1877, he married Mary A. Siiodgrass, a native 
 Venango Co., Pa. They have 1 child— Viola. 
 
 Hiram Oady (deceased) is well remembered by the earlj' pioneers of this 
 county who yet survive, as a man of unusual intelligence and upright character. 
 He was born in New York in 1807, and there educated. In 1830, in Ontario 
 county, he married Mary Webb, of Kew England parentage. In 183-3 he settled 
 in Pittsfield tp., where he located 80 acres of land. He died in 1853. Mrs. Cady 
 died in 1877. His son, C. H. Cady, grocer, Ypsilanti, was reared on a farm, re- 
 ceiving his preliminary education in thedistrict schools, and ultimately taking a 
 four yeai's' course at the seminary in Ypsilanti. In 1873 he entered ac'tivel}' into 
 business as a grocer, and in 1879 established a branch store at Ann Arbor. This 
 store was finally abandoned, owing to the increase of business at the parent store 
 in Ypsilanti. Mr. Cady, while residing in Pittsfield tp., served as County Com- 
 missioner, and Township Clerk. He was married in 1858 to Theresa Begole, a 
 daughter of Samuel and Valeria Begole, They have 5 children — Eliza, Louisa, 
 Agnes, Mary and Pearl. Mr. Cady is also engaged in farming, and owns 110 acres 
 of the old homestead property. 
 
 David Campbell, farmer, was born in this county in 1841, a son of Charles and 
 Mary Ann Campbell, who settled in Washtenaw as early as 1841. In 1862 David 
 Campbell enlisted in Co. F, 24th Mich. Inf , and proceeded to the front from 
 Rawsonville, and became a participant in many important battles, as the Wil- 
 derness, Fredericksburg, Mine Run, Petersburg, Coal Harbor, etc. He was 
 honorably discharged at Detroit in 1865, and returned to Rawsonville. For five 
 years after the close of the Rebellion he was a highly esteemed employe of the 
 Cornwell Paper-ilill Co., serving as an engineer. Feb. 18, 1880, he bought his 
 present farm land, consisting of 58 acres, formerly owned by Lewis Smith. In 
 1866 he was married to Miss Jane Fletcher, a daughter of Addison Fletcher, a 
 well-known pioneer of this county, of whom a biography appears elsewhere. Mrs. 
 Campbell died after a short illness, March 6, 1880, and was laid at rest in the Day 
 cemetery. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Campbell, namely: .lennie 
 L., Chas. D. and Fletcher. 
 
 Oeorge Campbell, an employe of the Peninsular Paper-ilills, was born in Scot- 
 land in 1846. Growing to mature years in Scotland, he found employment in a 
 paper-mill at Aberdeen. In 1870 he crossed the ocean, settling at Watertown, 
 N. Y., and three years later at Ypsilanti. Mr. Campbell was married in Water- 
 town, X. Y., to Elizabeth Henderson. They have 3 children — Jennie and Minnie. 
 
 David Garr (deceased) was born in Scotland in 1821. In 1824 his parents 
 emigrated to America, and first settled at Romulus, Wayne Co., Mich., where he 
 grew to manhood, and first entered into business at Belleville, as a merchant, 
 where he was also Postmaster, and became prominently identified with the place. 
 In 1848 he married Cynthia A. Jewett, daughter of Geoi-ge and Elizabeth Jewett, 
 and they have had 5 children, 2 of whom are living, namely: Bella, wife of James 
 E. Siever, of Kansas City, where she now resides, and David, also a resident of that 
 enterprising Western city. Mr. Carr was accidentally killed in 1864, by the run- 
 ning away of a spirited team while on his return from Ypsilanti to Belleville. 
 During the late war he was an army sutler, and showed unusual liberality, finan- 
 cially speaking, toward the prosecution of the war. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Cheshire is a widow of Frederick J. Cheshire, a native of Shrop- 
 shire, Eng. He was a silk broker in early days, but removed to Canada, where 
 he obtained a position as reporter on the Toronto Globe. He was a graphic writer 
 and a thorough master of short-hand. He died in Canada in 1865. Shortly after, 
 Mrs. Cheshire removed to Ypsilanti, Mich. She was joined in marriage to Mr. 
 Cheshire at Shropshire, Eng., in 1834. Nine children were given to bless this alli- 
 ance, 5 of whom are living — William, a carpenter of Ypsilanti ; John, a farmer in 
 Minnesota ; Alfred, a resident of Grand Rapids Mich. ; Mrs. Elizabeth Crabb, and 
 Blanche. 
 
 Cyrus Churchill was among the first to settle in this now prosperous count_y. 
 He was born in Vermont, and in his 31st year went to New York, where he mar- 
 ried Rachel Hustler. In 1826 he came to this county, where he had previor.^ly 
 
119S HISTORY OF WASBTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 puTchaaed Government land located two and a half miles south of Ypsilanti. Mr. 
 Churchill was a plain-spoken man, unusually energetic, honest and trustworthy. 
 He died Aug. 18, 1860. His pioneer wife departed this life in 1844, leaving 5 chil- 
 dren — Alfred, a soldier in Co. H., 7th Mich. Cav., was mortally wounded at Cedar 
 Creek, Va.; Amy E., a resident of Ypsilanti; J. T. H., who resides in Wisconsin; 
 Sylvia A., wife of John Lacy, of Ypsilanti; L. W., a resident of Iowa, and 
 Elias C. 
 
 A. J . Clarice, photographer, Ypsilanti, was born near London, Ontario, in 
 1840. He received but little school education, but has educated himself. In 1855 
 he came to this county and went to Dexter, where he learned the process of taking 
 the old ambrotypes. He remained there until 1857, when he came to Ypsilanti 
 and opened a gallery near the depot. This was soon after burned, and he removed 
 to the west side of the river. He experimented in the then new process of taking 
 photographs and introduced them in this city. He has continued the business until 
 now, and ranks among the oldest artists in the county. Mr. Clarke is connected 
 with the I. O. O. F., in this city, and is a member of the M. E. Church. In 1874 
 he was married to ^liss Ella Forsyth, of this city, a daughter of James Forsyth 
 whom it is believed died in the late war. 
 
 Abraham Glawson was born in Shenandoah Valley, Va. ; moved to Seneca county, 
 N. Y., with his parents ; in his 19th year he married Miss Eleanor Brown ; Sept. 
 1, 1805, he came to Michigan and bought of the Government 105 acres of 
 land in sec. 25, hear Belleville, district of Detroit, now Wayne Co. ; the following 
 year he returned and bought of the Government 300 acres joining thefirst ; in 1827 
 he came again and purchased 80 acres on sec. 10, tp. of Ypsilanti, which now con- 
 stitutes a part of what is known as the " Grove farm." During these years he 
 did not reside in Michigan. In the spring of 1830 he brought out his family, 
 consisting of wife and 5 children; the eldest of the children, however, Sarah, 
 the wife of John Robison, did not emigrate West until 1838, when she, with her hus- 
 band located on land joining her father's on the north. His daughter Magde- 
 lene, her husband, Z. L. Ea.ston, Mathias Easton and his wife Susan, and two 
 younger sons, Thomas B. and Abraham, occupied a log house of two rooms until 
 Aug. 27, 1831, when he bought of Grove Spencer 160 acres in sees. 3 and 10, on 
 the plains east of Ypsilanti, where he moved his wife and youngest son, 
 Thomas B. having died in the spring of 1831. There being no burying-ground 
 laid out then, he was buried on the farm until the death of Abraham in 1840 ; he 
 was then removed to what is now called the Spencer burying-ground. 
 ) The daughter and husband, Z. L. Easton, went on the land purchased in 1835 
 near Belleville, Mathias remaining on the Grove farm until June 1, 1836, when 
 he sold and bought 160 acres in sec. 3, York tp., of William Howard ; here he 
 resided until the spi-ing of 1848. They then rented their farms and bought a 
 house in the village of Ypsilanti, corner of River and Cc-ingress streets, since 
 burned and rebuilt, now known as the Eckerish Hotel, both families remaining 
 there one year. 
 
 The son's family consisted of wife and 3 daughters — Elizabeth, born Jan. 4, 
 1831; Sarah I., Sept. 4, 1833; Susan M., Aug. 24, 1835; and Abraham, born May 
 15, 1837, in the tp. of York, and died Sept. 10, 1840. 
 
 April 13, 1849, Mathias sold his farm and bought the homestead, his father 
 living in the village until his death, May 29, 1856. His wife then went to re- 
 side with the youngest daughter on a farm in Superior tp ; afterward moved to 
 her eldest daughter's, where she died October, 18'i0. May 19, 1854, Mathias 
 sold the homestead, and bought house and lots No. 199 and 300, west side of 
 school district No. 2, east side of river, Harwood's addition to Ypsilanti, Nov. 
 17, 1855, he purchased 80 acres, sec. 34, in the town of Superior ; here he moved 
 and resided one year October, 1856, took back the north 40 acres of the old 
 farm on Mill street, now Forest avenue ; built and moved there in November, 
 1857 ;while living there the youngest daughter, Susan M., was married, Sept. 8 
 1863; also the eldest, Elizabeth M., June, 1867; the second daughter, Sarah I., 
 having married when he lived on the old homestead Jan. 1, 1850. March 1, 
 1869, he bought in the city. No. 25 Washington street, where he, with his eldest 
 and youngest daughters, now lives, his wife having died Dec. 17, 1874. 
 
 Arthur Coe, Ypsilanti, is a native of Rockland Co., N. Y., and was born in 1803. 
 In that county he was educated and lived until he was 33 years old, when he went 
 to Cauandaigua and Waterloo, N. Y. He was by trade a "shoemaker. He then 
 went t) Wayne Co., N. Y., living at Marion until 1836. In that year he came to 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1199 
 
 this county, and purchased 120 acres of land in Yorlc tp. This was mostl3^ wild 
 land,_and he cleared it up and continued to add to it till he had 560 acres, which 
 he still owns. In 1869 he gave up active work, and came into this city to live. In 
 politics Mr. Coe has always been a Democrat. In 1831 he was married to Sarah 
 Redner, of Geneva, N. Y. To them have been born 4 sons and 4 daughters, all of 
 whom but 1 son are living. 
 
 Isaac K. Collar, farmer, was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1816. When quite 
 young his parents, Calvil and Eunice Collar, settled in Steuben county, N. \., 
 where Isaac grew to manhood. He received a common-school education, and in 
 1836 settled in Ypsilanti tp. He soon after purchased 80 acres of land of Josiah 
 Rundall. In 1840 he married Mary Lowden, a native of this county. Seven 
 ■children were given to this union. Oof whom grew to mature years. "William, 
 the eldest, was a soldier in the late war. Mrs. Collar died in 1869, and is buried 
 in Augusta tp. cemetery. In 1870 Mr. Collar mariied Mrs. Elizabeth Stone, relict 
 of Eugene Stone (dec), and daughter of Linus and Sally Kelley, who settled in 
 this county in 1830. Mr. and Mrs. Collar are members of the M. E. Church, in 
 which denomination the former has been a Class-leader for over 35 j'ears. In 
 1847 he built his present farm residence. 
 
 Madiion, Cook (deceased) a pioneer of Washtenaw county, was born at Chester- 
 field, N. H., Feb. 2, 1806. He was liberally educated, and early in life displayed a 
 wonderful mechanical skill, which brought him considerable more than local fame. 
 He wfis married in Vermont to IMaria White, a native of the " Green Mountain 
 State." In 1830 Mr. Cook came to Ypsilanti, where he resided until his death. He 
 was a very hospitable man, and when young united with tie Congregational 
 Church of Ypsilanti, in which body he lent valuable aid as a member of the choir. 
 He died in 1859, and not long after his pioneer wife was also laid at rest. They 
 left an adopted daughter, the wife of Samuel L. Parsons, formerly a brilliant attor- 
 ney of the Michigan Bar. 
 
 AhraUam Cooper, contractor and builder, was born in Orange Co , N. Y., Jan. 1, 
 1820. Growing to mature years at Tompkins, Saaeca Co., N. Y., he there learned 
 the carpenter's trade and also took a practical course in architecture. He worked 
 upon the.Ithaca Academy in 1842, and three years later removed to York tp., thence 
 to Ypsilanti, where he has since resided when not engaged in business away from 
 home . He has erected several fine residences and business blocks in Ypsilanti, 
 and while traveling through the Southern States, built the well-known Harvard 
 cotton-seed-oil mill at Dallas, Texas. In 1877 he built an entensive wheat elevator 
 in St. Clair Co., 111. Mr. Cooper was also master carpenter at the erection of the 
 passenger depot at Jackson, Mich. 
 
 N. Cordary, produce dealer, Ypsilanti, was born in the province of Alsace Lor- 
 raine, France, A. D. 1833. His father was a grocer in that province, and there 
 Mr. Cordary was educated and grew to manhood, acquiring a knowledge of his 
 father's business, which he has turned t" profitable use When 19 years of age he 
 came to America and for five years lived in New York city. He then went 
 to Detroit, where he engaged in the produce business. In 1864 he came to this city 
 where he has built up a large business in general farm produce. His business is 
 the largest in the State done by one man on his own responsibility. He keeps a 
 team constantly running to Detroit, and also ships extensively to New York, Boston, 
 and other Eastern markets. During his residence in Detroit he was in 1860 and '61 
 Chairman of the City Republican Committee, but since then has kept out of political 
 life. In politics is now a Democrat. He is a member of St. John the Baptist 
 (Roman Catholic) Church of this city. In 1860 he was married to Miss Carolina 
 Taft, of Troy, Mich., who died in 1857, leaving 2 sons, 1 of whom died in 1879, 
 at Sandwich College, Ontario. In 1871 he was married to Eliza H. Scuddel, of 
 Hyannis, Cape Cod, Mass. To them have been born 1 son and 1 daughter. , 
 
 Addinon Coryell was born Dec. 27, 1829, in Pittsfield tp., and received his early \js^ 
 educational training in Monroe county, Mich. His father was a mechanic by 
 trade, and assisted in the erection of the first frame houses at Ypsilanti and Ann 
 Arbor. Addison was married Jan. 1, 1832, to Jenette, daughter of Hiram Run- 
 dell, a farmer and shoemaker of Pittsfield tp. Three chddren have been given 
 them — Clarence, Charles and Archie. Mr. Coryell owns the old homestead farm, 
 conprising 80 acres in Ypsilanti and 40 acres in Pittsfield tp. 
 
 Benjamin, 8. Covert, son of Abraham B. Covert, was born in Seneca county, N. 
 Y., Dec. 6, 1831, and came to Ypsilanti tp , settling on sec. 12, in 1834, the family 
 consisting of father, mother, Benjamin and Mary E., now wife of Thos. J. Freeman, 
 
1200 HISTOBT OF WABHTENAW CODNTY. 
 
 a fanner of this fp. Mr. Covert is still living on the old homestead of 160 acres, 
 vrhere his father first settled, and where he died Sept. 9, 1874, and his mother 
 Nov. 26, following. Benjamin S. was married to Malinda Runyan, daughter ol 
 Abram B. Runyan, of Bridgewater tp., this county, April 24, 1861, and they have 4 
 children — Emma J., Myron A., Ida M. and George M. Mr. Covert's time is entirely 
 devoted to the care of his family and farm duties, and raises grain and slock, 
 
 /rincipally the latter. 
 Martin Gremer, foreman sorting department of Peninsular Paper-Mills, Ypsl- 
 janti, was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., in 1843. In 1868 he came to Michi- 
 gan and located at Ypsilanti, where, with little exception, he has found profitable 
 employment in the well-known paper-mills of that city. In 1863 he enlisted in 
 Co. F, loth N. Y. Cav., serving as a private cavalryman until the war closed. He 
 was once captured at Greeu Spring Run, and taken to Libby prison, where he 
 was detained as a prisoner for four weeks ; thence to Salisbury ; thence to prison 
 at Lawrence, where he remained until he made his escape, towai-d the close of 
 the Rebellion. He returned to Ithaca, N. Y., and there married Anna G. Smith. 
 They have 1 child — Minnie L. 
 
 Allen Orittoiden, a prominent citizen of Washtenaw county, was born in New 
 York in 1807. He there married Emily Reed, a daughter of Samuel and Rebecca 
 Reed. In 1831 he came to Michigan and located 160 acres of Government land in 
 Pittsfield tp. Mr. Crittenden has represented his township in the County Board of 
 Supervisors several terms, and enjoys the confidence of the people of the county. 
 An older son, Newton E. Crittenden, was born in 1836, and received his education 
 in the district schools and Ypsilanti Seminary. In 1861 he married Emily Tripp, a 
 daughter of Rev. Henry Tripp, of Lenawee Co., Mich. They have 3 children — 
 Eloise, Amy and Alice. In 1858 Mr. C. purchased 124 acres of land, paying $22 
 per acre for the same. He now owns 250 acres of valuable land ; is a member of 
 the Washtenaw Mutual Insurance Co., and in early life himself and wife were em- 
 ployed as teachers in the district schools. 
 
 A portrait of I Newton E. Crittenden, from a photograph taken at the age of 43, 
 is given in this volume. 
 
 Alvin Cross (deceased) was one of the early pioneers of this county, and a son of 
 Jason Cross, a farmer of the Empire State; was born in New York Aug. 11, 1803, 
 and came to Michigan in 1823, and settled on sec. 15, on the farm now occupied by 
 Benjamin Emerick, of Y^psilanti tp., which place he sold in 1831 and bought on 
 sec. 14, 112acres, He was married Nov.'23, 1826, to Elonce Rogers, of Massachusetts, 
 daughter of Thomas Rogers, a farmer of Seneca Co., N. Y., and they have had 6 children 
 • — Jason A. the only one now living. Jason was born July 19, 1842, and received 
 his schooling at Ypsilanti Normal. In the year 1867 he married Miss Mary Grisell, 
 daughter of William Grisell, a Methodist preacher of Delaware Co., Ohio. They 
 have 3 children- -Carrie A., Arthur C. and Emma R. 
 
 TFiY^jVoa Cros.s, Ypsilanti, was born in Genesee county, N. Y^., in 1805. His 
 parents were Jason and ^laiy (3Ioon) Cj'oss, who in 1824 settled with their family 
 about two and a half miles from the present city of Ypsilanti. In 1830 they pur- 
 chased a farm which now chiefly lies within the corporate limits of Y'psilantl. 
 In 1829 the subject of this sketch, with his brother Alvin, purchased a distillery, 
 they having more grain than they could sell. They operated it about two years, 
 and a temperance lecturer came along and got up quite an interest in temperance. 
 The brothers decided to give up the business. Their change of mind was thor- 
 ough, for they had the copper boiler cut up, the tubs were taken out and used for 
 grain bins, and the distillery was known no more. In 1831 he engaged in 
 mercantile business which he followed for several years ; he then engaged in, and 
 followed farming until 1856, when he platted a portion of his land into town lots. 
 Mr. Cross has been a member of the Presbyterian Church of Ypsilanti for many 
 years. In 1828 Gov. Lewis Cass commissioned him Captain in the militia and 
 this was the first company in the county. He served as such five and a half years, 
 and then, because he took part in the so-called Cholera war without orders from 
 his superior oflJcers, he was reduced to the ranks. In 1829 he was married to 
 Mary R. Hammond, of Ypsilanti. To them were born 6 children, of whom 3 are 
 now living. Mr. Cross has always been an active worker, and has given largely 
 of his means to help Ypsilanti. When the time shall come for him to " lie down 
 and sleep" forever, his work and name will be remembered and cherished in the 
 hearts of many citizens of Ypsilanti. 
 
TPSILAUTI TOWNBHIl'. 1201 
 
 Henry V. Deitrich, nurseryman, Ypsilanti, was born at Floyd, Oneida Co., N- 
 Y., July 19, 1849. His parents, Henry and Sophia (Draper) Deitrich, were living 
 on a farm, where Henry remained until his 16th year. He was engaged in a 
 cheese factory, at Lowell, N. Y., for several years. In 1863 he went to Califor- 
 nia, but returned to New York in 1863. In 1864 he came to Michigan and bought 
 the " JohnD. Pierce farm," near Ypsilanti, comprising 51 acres of land, to which 
 he subsequently added 10 acres more. He is a very successful nurseryman and 
 fruit-grower. He was married Aug. 16, 1864, to Adelaide Clark, of Ypsilanti. Mr. 
 Deitrich is a member of Ypsilanti Grange, No. 56. 
 
 J. C. Demosh, proprietor Barton House, Ypsilanti, was born in France in 1829, 
 and three years later accompanied his parents to America. In the East young 
 Demosh learned the shoemaker's trade, and soon after removed to Detroit, Michi- 
 gan; thence to Belleville, where he worked at his trade for 18 years. He subse- 
 quently became proprietor of the Belleville House, and in 1878 of the Barton 
 House, at Ypsilanti. He was married in Belleville to Lucy Lucus, who died in 
 1858. In 1863 he again married, Mrs. Delia Hollister, a native of Utica, N. Y. 
 Jlr. Demosh has a livery in connection with the hotel. 
 
 Mrs. 0. A. Dennis, proprietor millinery establishment on Huron street, Ypsi- 
 lanti, is the widow of G. R. Dennis, a native of Fairhaven, Vermont, where he 
 became a prosperous merchant. He subsequently removed to Bangor, Maine. 
 In 1841 he emigrated to Michigan and settled at Milford, Oakland county, where 
 he was a leading merchant for many years ; also at Fenton. He became well 
 known throughout the State, and at "his demise the press paid a glowing tiibute 
 to his worth as a citizen and merchant. Three children are living — 2 boys and 1 
 girl. Mrs. Dennis established her present business in 1878, and enjoys a large 
 and increasing trade. 
 
 Sidney S. Derby (deceased) was born in Vermont, but grew to manhood at 
 Covington, N. Y. He became a resident of Washtenaw county as early as 1827, 
 but shortly after returned to New York, where he was married the same year to 
 Permina Phelps, daughter of Isaiah Phelps. After marriage he returned to 
 Michigan and settled near Dexter, upon a farm of 80 acres, where he became 
 prosperous. His father was a physician,jbut was not able to give his son the edu- 
 cational training he desired. Sidney therefore had to depend on himself in youthful 
 days, and the estimable quality of self-reliance was fully developed. Mrs. Derby 
 died, and in 1853 he married Lamella Lee, at Detroit, Michigan. Mrs. Derby is 
 a daughter of Guy and Sally (Benedict) Lee, the former of whom was at one time 
 the largest property owner in Livingston county, Michigan, and also a son of 
 Gen. Lee, of Revolutionary fame. Four children were born to this union. All 
 are living. Mr. Derby was a leading merchant of Ypsilanti in early days, and 
 served the people as Constable and Deputy Sheriff. He died suddenly of heart 
 disease in 1877. 
 
 William Deiibel, of the tirm of W. H. Deubel & Co., proprietors Ypsilanti City 
 Mills, was born at Washington, D. C, Feb. 10, 1824. In 1829 his parents 
 removed to Long Island, N. Y., and in 1835 to Wayne county, Mich., where 
 William received a common-school education. He entered the employ of H. B, 
 Holbrook, and acquired a thorough knowledge of the milling business. At the 
 age of 21 years he married Sally Purdy, daughter of James Purdy, a pioneer of 
 Wayne county, Mich., and by virtue of his own industry and perseverance soon 
 after became owner of a farm in that vicinity. In 1865 he disposed of his prop- 
 erty, and purchased the Anu Arbor City Mills. He subsequently formed a co- 
 partnership with Franklin Swift, and the firm soon after purchased the Sinclair 
 Mills, selling the City Mills in the fall of the same year. Mr. Deubel sold his 
 interest in the Sinclair Mills in 1874, and bought the Ypsilanti City Mills fromE. 
 B. Ward, of Detroit. His sons, William H. and James P., are assisting him in 
 the business, and also owners of the Huron Mill, of Ypsilanti, which property 
 they purchased of Nathan Follett in 1873. They immediately renovated the 
 interior of the mill, and put in the latest and most improved machinery, and are 
 doing a large business. 
 
 P. H. Devoe, farmer, was born ia Saratoga county, N. Y , in 1847. In his youth 
 he became a resident of New York city, where, for a period of six years, he owned 
 a produce store. He also married Eda Moore, a daughter of Matilda Moore. In 
 1879 he bought his present farm of 80 acres. Mr. and Mrs Devoe have 1 child. 
 
 David Dickerson (deceased) was born in New York State in 1796, and followed 
 the independent vocation of farming from boyhood, in which he accumulated 
 
1202 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTTNTT. 
 
 wealth in the mature years of manhood. While a resident of the East he was 
 married to Miss SaraU Jane Wood, a daughter of Daniel and Silence Wood. In 
 1860 David Dickerson came West to Ypsilanti tp., where he bought farm 
 property. He died a short time after his Western settlement, leaving his esti- 
 mable wife and family a comfortable property. 
 
 Peter Dickerson, who ranks among the more substantial farmers of this tp., 
 is a native of Ontario county, N. Y., where he was born in 1811. He was married 
 in that county to Miss Sarah Jane Dickerson,'a daughter of Abraham and Lucretia 
 Dickerson. In 18.57 he came West and settled in Ypsilanti tp., and purchased a 
 farm of 160 acres. He has 3 children living. 
 
 iS. H. Dodge, dealer in jewelry, fine gold and silverware, Ypsilanti, was born at 
 Waterloo, N. if., in 1833. In 1849 his parents came to Ypsilanti. In 1852 he en- 
 tered the medical department of Michigan University, remaining one year, when 
 he gave up the study of medicine. The year following he was at Lansing, in the 
 Auditor General's oflBce. He was then appointed to the mail service, and for six 
 years served on the IMichigan Central railroad as mail clerk from Detroit to Chi- 
 cago. In 1861 he purchased his present business at Ypsilanti, which he has in- 
 creased until he now has the largest and best stock in this county, and one of the 
 finest in the State. In 1863 he was married to Miss Perry, of Ypsilanti, whose 
 parents were among the early settlers of this locality. To them have been born 3 
 sons and 2 daughters. 
 
 James Doherty, tobacconist, is a native of County Mayo, Ireland, where he was 
 born in 1852. In his 2l3t year he sailed for America, and soon after settled at Yp- 
 silanti. He was first employed by H. M. Curtis, in the latter's carriage establish- 
 ment, where he learned the blacksmith's trade. He worked at the latter business 
 until March, 1881, when he purchased E. D. Richmond's tobacco store. Mr. 
 Doherty carries a fine stock of tobaccoes, and enjoys a good trade. 
 
 Albert B. Draper ranks among the more enterprising citizens of this township. 
 He was born in New Y^ork, and when nine years of age, accompanied his par- 
 ents, Benjamin and Diadama Draper, settled in Washtenaw county, where the 
 subject of this sketch was educated. He attended the old Y'psilanti Seminary, and 
 grew to manhood on his father's farm, a portion of which (114 acres) he subse- 
 quently purchased. June 12, 1861, he married Ann Jeanette Potter, a native of 
 New York. They have 4 children— Wallace S., Celista D., Willis B. and Waldo E. 
 
 Benjamin Draper, jr. (deceased), was born in Otsego county, N. Y., in 1813, and 
 was a sou of Benjamin Draper, sr. Mr. Draper grew to manhood on a farm in 
 New Y^ork. He was married Nov. 38,1833 to Diadama Dorritt.a daughter of Nathan 
 Dorrltt, of New Y'ork. In 1844 he removed to Y'psilanti tp., Washtenaw county, 
 Mich., where he bought a farm of 130 acres. He died in 1854, and was buried in 
 Ypsilanti cemetery. Mr. Draper was a strong believer in spiritualism, and a man 
 of unusual industry and unflagging energy. He left an estimable wife and 5 chil- 
 dren — Caroline, Nancy, Agnes, Albert and Stephen. 
 
 Heman Drury, who settled at Y'psilanti in 1834, is a son of Elihu and Lavina 
 Drury, early pioneers of the county, the former of whom died at Adrian, Mich., 
 in 1876, having 3 children living. Heman, the elder, grew to manhood in Wash- 
 tenaw county, and engaged in the mercantile trade at Jackson, Mich., in 1869. In 
 1875 he bouglit the •' Parson's Mill," at Saline, and two years later purchased a 
 drug store at Ypsilanti. He engaged in the latter business only a short time 
 when he retired from active life. Mr. Drury married Miss Harwood, a daughter 
 of William H. Harwood, whose sketch will be found in this work. They have 
 3 children — Mrs. Emily Place, of Lansing, and Josephine, a high-school teacher 
 of Ludington, Mich. 
 
 Frank Earl, of the firm of Barnum & Earl, Ypsilanti, was born in St. Law- 
 rence county, N. Y. In 1852, when he was but a year old, his parents came to 
 Michigan, locating in Van Buren county, where Frank was educated. In 1873 he 
 went into a store at Paw Paw to learn the trade of jeweler. He remained there until 
 1877, when he went to Bronson in the same business. There he remained until 
 1878 when he came to this city and, in company with Mr. Barnum, engaged in 
 the jewelry business. He was married in 1876 to Miss Josephine L. Gates, of 
 Paw Paw. To them have been born 1 son and 1 daughter. Mr. Earl is a member 
 of the Presbyterian Church of this city. 
 
 Mrs. E. T. Eldridge is the relict of Edward Eldridge (deceased), who was born 
 at Lima, N. Y., in 1814. He was engaged in teaching for some years. He was 
 married at Groveland, Livingston Co., N. Y''., to Eunice T. Shepherd, a daughter 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1203 
 
 of Col. Shepherd, who, as well as his son, was a soldier in the war 
 of 1812. Some 13 children were given to this union, all of whom grew to 
 mature years, and 9 survive— David, born in Connecticut, in 1788; Sarah; Cor- 
 nelius, born in 1792 ; Jerusha; Ely; Permelia, relict of Gen. Loomis (dec), a 
 former resident of Ypsilanti; Chaunee}' L. ; Charles L. ; Eunice, who was born in 
 1808, and has been a resident of this county for 26 years. 
 
 Benjamin Emerick was born In the year 1817, March 9, at Gorham, Ontario Co., 
 N. Y. He was a son of Jacob Emerick, a farmer of that county, where they lived 
 until the year 1832, Benjamin being at that time 15 years of age. He finished his 
 schooling in Ypsilanti district school. In the j'ear 1846 ,.Tan. 22, he married Miss 
 Hariett N. Rowley, daughter of Isaac Rowley of Ypsilanti tp., and a pioneer of the 
 county. They have 2 children — Frank, a graduate from the law and scientific 
 department of Michigan University; Frederick, a commercial traveler of marked 
 business ability. Mr. E. own 128 acres ot Washtenaw's best farming land, all 
 under cultivation but four acres of timber. 
 
 William Emerick was born July 7, 1811, in the State of New York, Ontario 
 Co., in the town of Gorham ; was the son of Jacob Emerick (deceased) who came 
 to Michigan in 1832, and settled on sec. 15. William came to Michigan with his 
 father, and took up 320 acres from the Government, and purchased 240 acres of 
 other parties. He was married in 1846 to Hannah Kellogg, of Northville, Wayne 
 Co., who died April 3, 1865, leaving 4 children — Eugene, Albert, Louise and Will- 
 iam. Mr. Emerick now owns 129 acres of land, 12 acres of timber. 
 
 Fairchild & Hayden, successors to Fairchild & Spencer, dealers in fresh, and 
 salt meats, in all probability transact the leading business of the kind in this 
 city. The senior member, Mr. Fairchild, was formerly located on West Con gj-ess 
 street, and in February of this year (1831) he moved intohis present commodious 
 building on Huron street, which he is engaged in refitting and furnishing 
 throughout. Messrs. F. & H. have every facility for the transaction of a remunera- 
 tive business, which they now enjoy, carrying, as they always have, a first-class pat- 
 ronage. Mr. Fairchild is a native of Rochester, New York, and came to Ypsi- 
 lanti during the spring of 1872. Mr. Hayden was born in Ypsilanti, where he 
 justly takes rank among the more enterprising citizens of the place. 
 
 Mark Finley, M. D., dentist, Ypsilanti, was born in Superior tp., Washtenaw 
 county, July 9, 1856. His parents, Florus S. and Martha Jane (Tooker) Finley, 
 resided on a farm, where Mark was reared, and remained until 1876. He received 
 his literary education in the Union and Normal schools of Ypsilanti, and in the 
 fall of 1876 entered the dental department of the University of Michigan, where 
 he remained two years. He graduated in March, 1878, and the following June 
 opened an office in Detroit, where he remained 15 months. He then removed to 
 Ypsilanti, where he has since lived, and secured a lucrative practice. 
 
 Addison, Fletcher, of Yvsil&nti, -vf as born 1811, March 22, at Mount Hall, Vt., 
 where he lived until eight years of age. His parents in 1819 moved to Massachu- 
 setts, where they lived until 1829, and where Addison received his schooling. In 
 1887 he came to Michigan and settled in Wayne county, tp. of Sumpter, erected a 
 small log cabin, floored with split and hewn logs, roofed with a marsli haystack, 
 and here commenced the carving of his present fortune. In 1850 he moved to 
 Ypsilanti tp. and located just southeast of the then village of Ypsilanti, where he 
 has ever since lived and developed one of Washtenaw's best farms. In 1832 he mar- 
 ried Philinda Seaman, daughter of Charles Seaman, a farmer of Clarendon, Vt. 
 They have 7 children— Charles, Franklin, Rolan, Addison, Samuel, Philinda and 
 Jane, now vvife of Daniel Campbell, a farmer of this tp. The homestead consists 
 of 135 acres, and he also owns 110 acres on section 22. 
 
 Charles Fleming, in the employ of Sweet Bros., the well-known planing-mi!l 
 proprietors, was born in New York in 1818. In his ninth year he came with his 
 parents to this county, and in 1836 learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, which 
 business he has made principally his vocation through life. In 1840 he married 
 Mrs. Jane Shudard, a native of New York. They have 2 children— Ida F. and 
 Edith. In 1878 Mr. Fleming engaged in his present business. He was Alderman 
 of Ypsilanti for three terms. 
 
 James Fleming (deceased), who settled in Washtenaw county in 1837, was born 
 in Lycoming county, Pa., in 1787. While a youth he removed to New York State, 
 locating in Seneca county. In 1807 he married Martha Wade, a native of New 
 Jersey. He came to this county in 1837, purchasing 80 acres of land, breaking 
 the same with a horse team, then probably the only one in Washenaw county. 
 
1204 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 In 1813 he played a conspicuous part as an army officer, in the war of 1812, and 
 in 1840 removed to Lenawee county, Mich., where he passed the remainder of 
 life. Five of his children are still living — Jesse, who married Susan McUonnell, 
 is a resident of Adrian, Mich,; Charles, whose sltetch appears elsewhere in this 
 volume; Lettie is the relict of Sellaclt Cliase, who departed this life in 1871, and 
 was a farmer by occupation, and a soldier in the late war ; Eliza, who is supposed 
 to have been the first white child born at Ypsilanti city ; and William, who married 
 Mrs. Angeline Stevens, of Tecumseh, Mich. 
 
 L. Z. Foerster & Co., proprietors Grove Brewery and Bottling Works, Ypsilanti, 
 established their present business about 1870. The brewery was formerly in 
 possession of Tauflcirth & Trockenbrod, and was built at a cost of several thousand 
 dollars. When purchased by the present firm the annual sales were about 50 
 barrels, and at present they are between four and five thousand barrels. L. Z. 
 Foerster, the senior member, was born in Canada in 1836, and learned the trade 
 of a carpenter and joiner. He was married to Mary Loeffler, who died in Canada 
 in 1865. He then married Eosa Smith, his present wife. 
 
 Joseph Folhnore, of the firm of Follmore & Scoville, manufacturers of sash, 
 doors and blinds, Ypsilanti, was born in Germany April 5, 1818, and emigrated to 
 America in 1837. He was raised a "farmer's boy," but having a natural incli- 
 nation for manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, he learned the cooper's trade, 
 which he followed but a brief time. He came to Michigan in 1837, and first 
 located at Lowell, Superior tp., where he gained his first experience in a saw-mill. 
 Three years later he removed to Ypsilanti, and in 1870 established his present 
 business. Mr. Follmore was married in 1848 to Susan J. Allen, of Ypsilanti. 
 They have 8 children — Ellen, .Josephine and George B. M. 
 
 James Forsyth (deceased) was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1793, where he was 
 educated and also learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. In 1S09, wlien but 17 
 years of age, he came alone to America. He made his home in Brooklyn and New 
 York city until 1839, when he came to the Territory of Michigan and settled in the 
 present city of Ypsilanti. He purchased 80 acres of land just south of the present 
 city limits, but soon sold it and purchased village lots on the east side of the river. 
 He followed his trade until he was 78 years of age and old age compelled him to 
 give it up. He died A. D. 1873, at the age of 81 years. Mr. Forsyth was a mem- 
 ber of the First Masonic Lodge m Ypsilanti. During his residence in New York 
 State he was married to Miss Sallie Murphy, of Long Island, To them were born 
 3 sons and 5 daughters, all of whom are still living. Mrs. Forsyth died in 1870. 
 Pew men did more according to their means than did Mr. Forsyth for Ypsilanti. 
 
 James M. Forsyth, Justice of the Peace, Ypsilanti, was born in New York city 
 in 1828. In 1829 his parents came to Ypsilanti, where he was reared andeducated. 
 When about 18 years of age he began to work at the trade of cooper, which he had 
 learned. He followed it 10 years, when he engaged in the restaurant business, 
 which he followed four years. Since then his time has been engaged in official 
 work. During this time he has been Deputy Sheriff 11 years, City Marshal five 
 years, Constable and Justice of the Peace, which he now holds. In politics, is a 
 member of the Greenback party. He is a member of Ypsilanti Lodge F. tt A. 
 M. , No. 128, of this city. In 1853 he was married to Miss Emma R. Aiken, of 
 Ypsilanti, who died Dec. 31, 1878, leaving 1 son. In February, 1880, he was 
 married to Mrs. Mary Babcock, of this city. 
 
 Lee L. Forsythe is among the honored pioneers of Ypsilanti. He was born in 
 New London, Conn., in 1800. His parents were William and Prudence (Perkins) 
 Forsythe. When he was 18 years of age he went to Savannah, Georgia, where he 
 was employed on a plantation for three months. He returned to New York, where 
 he was employed as a clerk for several years. He afterward spent a year in 
 Pennsylvania, and two years in Ohio. In 1830 he came to Michigan, and located 
 at Ypsilanti. Mr. F. was Deputy Sheriff of this county under Daniel B. Brown. 
 He was a Lieutenant in the early militia, and did duty as commander of a patriot 
 squad during the cholera scare. In 1832 he married Eveline Welch, and she bore 
 him 7 children. Mrs. Forsythe died in her 66th year. On Aug. 21, 1874, Mr. 
 Forsythe married ^Maria Lay, a sister of Hon. Ezra D. Lay, of Ypsilanti. 
 
 B. F. Foster, retired farmer, was born at Suffolk, Long Island, in 1815, and is a 
 son of Justus and Susannah (Halsey) Foster. When 30 years of age, he shipped 
 on board the whaling vessel. Atlas, of Norwich, and in that wild life beheld 
 many exciting and dangerous scenes. In 1835 he abandoned that hazardous exist- 
 ence, and located in Oakland county, Mich., where he remained engaged in 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1205 
 
 farming until 1866. He then removed to Ypsilanti. In 1836 he was married to 
 Elizabeth Coddington. They have an adopted child— Ella. 
 
 Abraham N. Fox (deceased), who located in this county in 185C, was born in 
 Connecticut in 1814. In his youth he learned the tanner's trade, and was subse- 
 quently apprenticed to a shoemaker. He afterward turned his attention to farm- 
 ing, and bought 80 acres of land. In 1864 he enlisted in the Michigan heavy 
 artillery, and died from exposure at Mobile, Alabama. He was married in Mon- 
 roe county, N. Y., to Roxanna Hicks, a daughter of Samuel and Charlotte Hicks. 
 Four children were born to them— Lucy J., who married Lewis Wilcox, of Milan, 
 Mich. ; Josephine, wife of Kobert Mallion, who resides on the old homestead ; 
 Lauretta, wife of Addison C. Gardner, of Milan, Mich. ; and Clarinda, wife of Will- 
 iam Mallion, of Ypsilanti. 
 
 DonaM (?. Fraser, of Ypsilanti, was born in Nova Scotia, A. D. 1840, and is a 
 son of James and Nancy (MoLaurin) Eraser. His father was a farmer, and until 
 his 16th year Mr. Fraser lived on a farm. In his native province Mr. F. was ed- 
 ucated and learned the trade of a blacksmith. In 1863 he came to Michigan, locat- 
 ing at Detroit, where he remained seven years and removed to Monroe. There he 
 was far five years engaged in the business of blacksmithing, when he removed to 
 Exeter and engaged in the milling business. In 1871 he sold his mill and came to 
 this city. He at once opened a blacksmith shop and has continued to carry on that 
 business. Jan. 1, 1866, he was married to Miss Anna Chase, of Monroe. To them 
 have been born 1 son — Roy Leighton, and a daughter — May Bell. Mr. Fraser is a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church of this city. He is also a member of the Phoe- 
 nix Lodge and Excelsior Chapter of F. & A. M. of this city. In 1878 he was 
 elected on the Democratic ticket as Alderman from the second ward, and in 1880 
 was re-elected to the same office. 
 
 Adam Freeman (deceased) was born in New York State, July 9, 1790, where he 
 was married to Mrs . Almira Mason. In 1831 he settled in this tp. After a long 
 and industrious life he died amid the scenes of his early Western labor, April 18, 
 1867. Mrs. Freeman, who survives him, resides on the early settled homestead, 
 and is now in her 84th year. Mr. Freeman was twice married, and many of his 
 children are honored residents of this county. Lucinda, from whom this narrative 
 is obtained, married John Waterbury, a son of Ira Waterbury, a prominent farmer. 
 
 Haney French (deceased) may be ranked among the pioneer dead of Monroe, 
 Mich. He was born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 1788. While a resident of New 
 York he was united in marriage to Amanda Hazelton. In 1885 he settled in 
 Monroe county, Mich., where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits for many 
 years. He died in August, 1878, leaving a wife and 5 children — E. D. French, of 
 California; Francis E., R. H., Mary and J. W., a resident of Ypsilanti, who was 
 born at London, Monroe Co., Mich., in 1841. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. H, 18th 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., and served until the close of the war. He then returned to Mon- 
 roe county, and in 1867 married Julia Peck. Mr. and Mrs. French have an 
 adopted daughter — Lois A. 
 
 William Fuller (deceased) was a native of Norfolk, England, where he was 
 married to Phffibe Bonton. He emigrated to Washtenaw county in 1833, locating 
 in Ypsilanti, where he died in October, 1865. Mrs. Fuller departed this life in 
 1848. Four children are living — Stephen, a wealthy manufacturer of South 
 America '; John, engaged in business in Ypsilanti ; Eliza, a resident of Superior, 
 tp. ; and George. The latter grew to manhood in this county, and received a lib- 
 eral education. He learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, and worked at that 
 line of business for over 32 years. In 1879 he devoted his attention to the manu- 
 facture of sash, doors, blinds and cigar boxes. He owns the brick structure 
 wherein he transacts business, and obtains a fair share of the public patronage. 
 In 1851 he married Marian Parker, who died in 1855. In 1857 he was united in 
 the bonds of holy wedlock with Ellen Pooley. Mr. Fuller has been a Master 
 Mason for over 27 years. During the war he was a non-commissioned officer. He 
 is an industrious man and an earnest Christian. . 
 
 Othello B. Gage, of the firm of Leonard & Gage, grocers, Ypsilanti, was born 
 in Detroit, Mich., in 1844, and is a son of Henry Gage (deceased), who settled in 
 that city in 1817. When seven years of age Othello's parents settled in Ypsi- 
 lanti, and he there learned the trade of a stone mason. He followed his trade for 
 17 years, in the different States of the Union. He was among the more skillful 
 workmen in the erection of the substantial and handsome Union Block, and the 
 Hawkins House. In 1863 he enlisted in Co. A, 14th Reg. Mich. Vol. luf, and in 
 
1206 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 1864 re-enlisted in the 1st Eeg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and was severely wounded at .the 
 battle of Spotlsylvania Coui-t-Honse. He was lodged at the Philadelphia and 
 Richmond hospitals, until his recovery ; he was again wounded at the battle of 
 Hatch's Run, and was in the army hospital at Washington, during the grand army 
 review and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. He was transferred to the 
 Government hospital at Detroit, from which institution he was honorably dis- 
 charged in June, I860. 
 
 W. B. Geer, retired farmer, Ypsilanti, was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1812. 
 His parents were Dyer and Sarah Geer. W. R. early turned his attention to agri- 
 cultural matters, and subsequently engaged in the grocery business. While a 
 resident of New York he married Sally A. Perkins. In 1861 he came to Michi- 
 gan and located in Washtenaw county. In 1869 he removed to Livingston county 
 but ill health compelled him to relinquish active life, and in 1871 he settled at 
 Ypsilanti. Mr. and Mrs. Geer have 3 children — Helen, wife of George Ander- 
 son; Carlyle D., who resides in Genesee covmty, and Henry W., who married 
 Sarah Morgan, of Howell, Mich. 
 
 William A. Gibson, M. D , was born July 18, 1843, son of Thomas and Marietta 
 Gibson, the former a native of Scotland and the latter of Vermont. When Will- 
 iam was four years of age he accompanied his parents to Buffalo, N. Y., where 
 he remained a few years. He was a resident of Ann Arbor one year, and in 1848 
 his parents located in Ypsilanti, where he has since resided. He obtained his 
 education in the Ypsilanti schools, and graduated from the medical department 
 of the University of Michigan, in 1866. He located at Marshall, Michigan, 
 where he followed his profession for three years. At the expiration of that time 
 he returned' to Ypsilanti. Dr. Gibson has been County Physician four years; 
 City Physician one j^ear, and pension examiner since the close of the late war. 
 He was married Sept. 27, 1866, to Laura S. Kirtland. They have 2 children — 
 Bessie Isabel and Laura Irene. 
 
 Jason G. Gillett was born July 13, 1814, at Fishkill, up in the Catskill mount- 
 ains; was the son of John M. Gillett, a farmer. They left the mountains in the 
 year of Jason's birth and moved toMendon tp., Monroe Co., N. Y., where he re- 
 ceived a common-school education and remained there until they came to 
 Michigan and settled on sec. 1, Ypsilanti tp., purchasing 80 acres in the year 
 1834. In 1856 .Jason bought 90 acres, 10 of which is in Superior tp. This farm was 
 taken from the Government by John Dickerson, and under Mr. Gillett's care has 
 been developed into one of the best stock and grain farms in this tp. Mr. Gillett 
 was married in 1836 to Mary Clark (deceased), daughter of J. H. Clark, of Mendon, 
 N. Y. He has 2 sons living — CharlesM., of Cleveland, Ohio, and Webster, of New 
 York city. 
 
 Lyman Graves (deceased) was one of the oldest and well respected citizens of 
 Washtenaw county. He was born at Sunderland, Mass., July 23, 1794, a son 
 of Capt. Selah Graves, a fur dealer and a Revolutionary soldier. Mr. Graves came 
 to Michigan in 1824, and located 320 acres of Government land on sec. 38, Ypsi- 
 lanti tp. In 1826 he married Olive Gorton who bore him 6 children, 5 of whom 
 are living — John, Frederick A., Eleanor, Miranda and Albert R. , 
 
 Frederick A. was born in Ypsilanti tp. July 21, 1831, and completed a good 
 education in the Ypsilanti Seminary Aug 24, 1851 ; he married Martha J. Low- 
 den, a daughter of James Lowden, who came to this county in 1830. They have 8 
 children — Alpheus, James, Mittie, Frederick, Emma, Theresa, Annie and John. 
 Mr. Graves owns 101 acres of the homestead farm. 
 
 Albert R., third son of Lyman Graves, was bom at Ypsilanti Feb. 38, 1840, and 
 received his education in the Ypsilanti Seminary and the State Normal school. He 
 was married Dec. 3, 1863, to Phcebe M. Comstock, daughter of Nathan Comstock, 
 of Ypsilanti. He settled on 80 acres of the homestead farm. In 1875 he was 
 elected Township Clerk, and was Supervisor in 1879-'80. He is a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity, and connected with the A. 0. U. W., and the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry. 
 
 Daniel B. Greene, one of Ypsilanti's pioneer citizens, was bom at Northfield, Vt., 
 Aug. 17, 1815. His parents, Nathan and Julia (Stone) Greene, emigrated to Michi- 
 gan in 1836, locating in Bridgewater tp., Washtenaw county ,'where the former died 
 in March, 1856. Daniel remained on the farm until 1840, and attended school at 
 Tecumseh, Mich., where he remained three years, after which he taught three 
 years in the same institution. In the meanwhile he had studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Bar in 1848. He opened an office at Tecumseh, and in 1850 removed 
 to Ypsilanti, where he has since practiced his profession, with the exception of five 
 years— from 1870 to 1875 — spent in the mercantile trade. In 1845 he married El- 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1207 
 
 mira L. Mills, of Franklin, Lenawee Co., Mich. They have 3 children— Arthur >I., 
 a teacher of music, at Lansing, Mich.; Wilmer D., manager of the Telephone Ex- 
 change, Ann Arbor; and Edward H., a printer, residing at home. Mr. Greene is a 
 worthy and efficient officer of the Presbyterian Church at Ypsilanti, and one of the 
 Superintendents of the Poor of this county. 
 
 Jacob Ch'ol), brewer and ice dealer, Ypsilanti, was born in Wurtemberg, Ger- 
 many, in 1839. In 1851 he crossed the Atlantic, and first located at Monroe, Mich. 
 In 1861 he removed to Ypsilanti and built the first brewery in that city. In 1864 
 Mr. Grob erected an extensive ice-house, and supplied many ti»ns of that cooling 
 luxury to the inhabitants of Ypsilanti during th^ hot and sultry summer months. 
 In 1861 he was united in marriage to Sophia Post, a daughter of John Post, of 
 Washtenaw county. They have 3 children — Lizzie and Ida. 
 
 Austin Guild, successor to O. B. Bradley, manufacturer of the celebrated "Sil- 
 ver Diamond " cigars, Ypsilanti, was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1813. In June, 
 1853, Mr. Guild removed to Ypsilanti, where he turned his attention to the manu- 
 facture of carriages, and contracting for sign and ornamental paiuting. In 1870, 
 he began the manufacture and sale of cigars on Huron street. In 1843 he married 
 Miss Susan Roberts. They have 1 child— William H., a resident of Ypsilanti. 
 
 Charles Hagadorn,, proprietor of livery stable, Ypsilanti, was born at Highland, 
 Oakland Co., Mich., in 1857, and is a son of Joseph Hagadorn, a native of St. 
 Joseph, Mich. He was formerly a successful business man of Detroit, but lately 
 has cast his fortunes with the citizens of the seat of the Michigan Normal school. 
 
 Raymond Hale (deceased) was born in Vermont in 1800, and at an early day 
 located at Springfield, 111., where he lived for a number of years. In 1862 he 
 settled at Ypsilanti, where he retired from active life. Mr. Hale's third wife was 
 Mrs. Lucy Mclntyre, of New Hampshire. Mrs. Hale is very comfortably situated 
 in life. She owns a farm of 300 acres in Ypsilanti tp., and also valuable .city 
 property. 
 
 M. 8. Hall, son of R. T. Hall (deceased), a pioneer of Michigan, was born at 
 Tecumseh, Mich., March 28, 1839. He attended the Ypsilanti Seminary, and 
 completed his education at the State Normal school. He taught school from 1861 
 to 1862, when he enlisted as a private in the 18th. Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., serving as 
 such 19 months, and was then promoted 1st Lieutenant of the 44th U. S. C. I., and 
 was mustered out of service with the rank of Captain. He also served as Aid 
 de-camp, and acting Assistant Adjutant Gen. on the staff of Col. Lewis J. Morgan, 
 of Ohio. In 1872 he returned to Michigan, and engaged in teaching, and Jan. 3, 
 1878, married Bell A. Spencer, a daughter of Capt. S. R. Spencer, a merchant pio- 
 neer of this county. They have 1 child — Grace L. ilr. Hall is a member of the 
 firm of M. S. & W. H. Hall, manufacturers of the Hamlin Chain Pump Bucket. 
 
 William H. Hall, M. D., was born at Tecumseh, Lenawee Co., Mich., April 7, 
 1836. He received his early education at home, and prepared for college under 
 Prof. Estabrook, of the Ypsilanti Seminaiy. In 1857 he entered the University 
 of Michigan, consuming three years in classical studies, but was forced to aban- 
 don school on account of ill health. A few years later he graduated as M. D., 
 from the medical department. He then spent a few months at the Electrical and 
 Hygienic Institute, of Detroit. In 1871 he opened an office at Ypsilanti, with Dr. 
 Goodrich, and they continued together for two years. Since then Dr. Hall has 
 been simply engaged in the special treatment of chronic, acute and neivous dis- 
 eases. He is also a member of the firm of M. A. & W. H. Hall, manufactur- 
 ers of Hamlin's Chain Pump Bucket. 
 
 Herman Hardinghaus, of the firm of L. Z. Foerster & Co., brewers, Ypsilanti, 
 was horn in Prussia in 1846, and in 1864 emigrated to America. He first located 
 at Cincinnati, where he was married to Rachel Kalb. In 1874 he settled at Yp- 
 silanti, and two years later was admitted to partnership in the above firm. 
 
 Philander Hascall, Ypsilanti, was born at Leroy, Genesee Co., N. Y., A. D. 
 1811. He is the son of Jeremiah and Joanna (Reed) Hascall. His father was 
 one of the pioneers of Genesee county, N. Y., and served in the war of 1812. His 
 paternal gi-andfather served in the war of the Revolution. At Leroy Mr. Has- 
 call received his education, grew to manhood and learned the trade of painter. 
 In 1832 he went to Livingston county and spent four years at Geneseo and Cale- 
 donia Springs. In 1836 he came to Ypsilanti, where he at once began work at 
 his trade, which he has followed almost continuously to the present time. He 
 has now been in the business longer than any other man in this county. June 
 9, 1836, he was married to Miss Mary A. Christen, of Wilson, N. Y. To 
 
1208 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 them have been bom 6 sons and 3 daughters, of whom 4 sons and 2 daughters are 
 living. The sons are all located at Detroit, in the emploj- of various business 
 houses. One daughter is the wife of Geo. L. Moore, a business man of Ann Ar- 
 bor, and the other is a resident of this city, and for some years has been employed 
 in the store of E. M. Comstock. Mr. Hascall was a member of the original Wy- 
 andotte Lodge, I. O. O. F., and at the time of its closing held the position of 
 Noble Grand. He has served this town as Treasurer, Constable, and on the School 
 Board, of which he was a member when the site for the Seminary was purchased. 
 
 Abiel Hawkins (iSeceased) was born at Williamston, Mass., Dec. 10, 1797. His 
 parents soon after removed to Vermont, where his boyhood was passed. While he 
 was yet young his father died, and at an early period he was thrown upon his own 
 resources. From the time he was 12 years old he cared for himself. In 1814 he 
 went to Buffalo, N. Y., arriving there shortly after it was burned by the British, 
 and when there was but one house left standing. In 1818 he, with his brother 
 Robert, came to Michigan. At Detroit the brothers parted, Robert engaging in the 
 fish business near Springwells. Four months later Abiel returned to Buffalo. Here 
 he remained until 1821, when he went to Batavia, N. T., and engaged in business 
 witli Gen. L. Towner. In 1822 he married Sophronia Winslow. Their married 
 life extended over a period of nearly 50 years. Seven children were born of this 
 union, of whom but 2, Frederick W., and Walter H., now of Ypsilanti, are 
 fiving. In 1834 he agaia visited Michigan, and purchased a farm near Ypsilanti. 
 He soon became satisfied that farming was not his forte, and exchanged his farm 
 for the hotel property at Ypsilanti, which for so many years bore his name. Cholera 
 breaking out in 1834, it was not until 1835 that he removed his family to Ypsilanti. 
 In this connection, together with the proprietorship of some of the principal stage 
 routes in the State, he became widely known among the early settlers. Politically, 
 Mr. Hawkins was a Democrat. He never held or aspired to office. Through the 
 suggestion of the Hon. Robert McClellan, his warm personal friend, he was ap- 
 pointed Postmaster at Ypsilanti, under Polk's administration, but the duties con- 
 flicting with his obligations as mail contractor, he resigned. He was an active, 
 stirrirgman, and as a friend, steadfast and true. He died at Ypsilanti, Feb. 8, 
 1878. 
 
 Walter H. Hawkins, proprietor of the Hawkins House, Ypsilanti, was born at 
 Batavia, N. Y., May 3, 1825. In 1835 he came to Ypsilanti, where his father had 
 settled in 1833. When a young man he clerked two years in Ypsilanti, and then 
 spent three years in a business house in Detroit. In 1847 he returned to Ypsi- 
 lanti, and united with his father in the hotel, stage and livery business. This 
 business thej^ continued until 1857, when he was appointed Postmaster of Ypsi- 
 lanti, which position he held eight years. During that time he was still inter- 
 ested in the hotel business. In 1859 he took the Follett House, which he 
 conducted until 1862. During the years 1862-'3-'4, he was buying horses for cav- 
 alry service. In 1863 Mr. Hawkins engaged in the hardware trade, and followed 
 it until 1872. The next two years he was in the livery business, and did a large 
 trade in buying and selling horses. In 1874 he became again interested in the 
 old Hawkins House. In the spring of 1879, this building was removed, and he 
 engaged in the building the new Hawkins House, which was opened in September, 
 1879, and is one of the finest hotels in the State. In public affairs and matters, he 
 has always been interested. He has three times served as an Alderman of the 
 city, and as such, was the most active member in perfecting and improving the 
 city's system of streets. Among his public acts it is but just to say that he organ- 
 ized and raised the money for the Ypsilanti Fair Gound. When the Normal 
 school was built, lack of means had decided the board to have no tower on the 
 building. He opposed it, and by his efforts the money to build it was raised 
 by subscription, and the building embellished by its present sightly tower. He 
 conceived the idea of an opera house, and was a prime mover in "securing it, rais- 
 ing with the help of H. M. Curtis 13,000 to start a fund. While a Vestryman of 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church, he raised by subscription $4,000 to liquidate 
 its debt. In 1851 he maiTied Addie Perry, of Ypsilanti, who died in September 
 1857. In 1861, he was married to Slatira D. Welch, of Pittsfield tp. To thern 
 have been born 2 children, a son and a daughter. 
 
 Robert W. Hemphill, sr., banker, Ypsilanti, was born at Clinton, Lenawee Co., 
 Mich., Jan. 4, 1839, and is a son of iSTathaniel Hemphill, a pioneer settler of Mich- 
 igan . He received his preliminary education in the schools at Clinton, and com- 
 pleted it in the State Nnrmnl school, at Ypsilanti. His first business experience 
 

 /^, 
 
 a/i^~t^^ 
 
 \kM^^^>rr\j^Y 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1211 
 
 was gained as a clerk for William Vaughn, a merchant of Ypsilanti. After a 
 year spent in the commission business, at Chicago, and some time in the banking 
 house of Follett, Conklin & Co., of Ypsilanti, he engaged with Mr. Follett in the 
 banking business until 1864, when he became connected with the First National 
 Bank. He retired from that in 1878, and in 1879 established the present banking 
 firm of Hemphill, Batchelder & Co. Mr. Hemphill was married May 13, 1863, 
 to Addle M., daughter of Charles Moore, of Ypsilanti. They have 3 children — 
 Robert W., jr., Charles M. and Josie M. 
 
 Peter Hendricks farmer and gardener, Ypsilanti, was born in Pennsylvania, in 
 1803. As early as 1836 he came to Michigan and settled at Plymouth, in Wayne 
 Co., where he bought a farm of 80 acres, on which a small cabin had been erected. 
 In 1838 he married Maria Sands, and 3 children were born to them — Elijah J., 
 Emma and Ely. Mrs. Hendricks died in 1834, and the following year Mr. Hen- 
 dricks was married to Hannah Woodruff, who was born in 1818. Two children 
 blessed this union — Juliette (dec.) and Franklin. Mr. Hendricks was a teamster 
 in the Black Hawk war, and assisted in raising the first barn and grist-mill at 
 Plymouth. He owns valuable property in Ypsilanti. 
 
 Walter Hewitt, musical composer, Ypsilanti, was born in this county in 1839. 
 He received his education at the Ypsilanti Seminary, and the Dutchess County 
 Academy, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Mr. Hewitt studied music in Boston, under 
 the well-known J. C. D. Parker. In 1866 he published his first musical composi- 
 tion, known as the Andenken Polka, and arranged for the piano. In 1878 he 
 published the " Hewitt Harmony," the sale of which has been very large. Mr. 
 Hewitt has written a large number of songs, ballads and jjieces of instrumental 
 music, all of which have met with good success. He was married in 1866 to 
 Caroline Cook, of Burlington, V't., and daughter of Joseph Cook. They have 2 
 children^ Walter and Pauline. Mr. Hewitt was organist of Westminster Church, 
 of Toledo, for seven years. He has resided in Michigan 19 years. 
 
 Walter B. Hewitt, retired merchant, Ypsilanti, was born at Stillwater, Saratoga 
 Co., N. Y., Feb. 4, 1800. His parents were Elias and Cynthia (Johnson) Hew- 
 itt. When 25 years of age Mr. Hewitt located near Wall Lake, Oakland Co., 
 Mich., where he remained one year, and was then engaged in the boot and shoe 
 trade at Detroit, for four years. In 1831 he came to Ypsilanti, where he was en- 
 gaged in business until a few years since, when he retired to private life. In 1850 
 he bought a farm near Ypsilanti, which has occupied a share of his attention 
 since. He lost about $4,000 in 1851 by a fire consuming his building and stock, 
 which were only partially insured. In 1825 he married Paulina Child. They 
 have 5 children living, 1 died in infancy — ^Edward, a merchant ; May, wife of 
 William Cheever; Charles, Principal of the Knightstown, Ind., high school ; Lois 
 and Waltei-. Mrs. Hewitt died Feb. 3, 1879, at the age of 76 years. 
 
 Herman Holmes, who settled in Michigan as early as 1828, was born in Vermont 
 in 1807. He first located in Macomb county, this State, (m land previously pur- 
 chased by his brother from Government. In 1844 he removed to Ypsilanti, where 
 he became actively engaged in the grocery and saw-mill business. In 1861 he 
 purchased his present farm, comprising 200 acres. He was married in York tp., 
 Washtenaw county, in 1833, to Drosilla Alexander. They have 5 children — Mur- 
 ray P., who married Mary Ann Reed, and is proprietor of the only steam feed- 
 mill in Ypsilanti tp. ; Melvina, wife of George W. Jarvis, of Ypsilanti ; J. R., who 
 maiTied Amanda Morton, of Ypsilanti tp. ; Cornelia, wife of Grove Seelye ; and 
 Cassius M., who married Ellen Youngs, a native of New York. 
 
 John Howland (deceased) was born in Greenfield, Mass., Jan. 18, 1797, the son of 
 George Howland. He was a direct descendant of the John Howland who came 
 over in the Mayflower, a fact of which he was justly proud. In his youth he was 
 apprenticed to the trade of tanner and currier, which he followed all his life long. 
 During the lalter years of his life he traveled extensively in the interest of his trade, 
 over the greater part of Michigan, forming many acquaintances among whom he 
 was known as the "oldest boy on the road." On arriving in Manchester, this 
 county, he made a trip, on foot, to Chicago, on business. He was an active part- 
 ner in the tannery which he built at Ypsilanti in 1844, under the firm name of J. 
 Howland & Co., the partner being his son, John N., next mentioned. 
 
 Sept. 3, 1833, Mr. H. married Isabella Janes, of Northfleld, Mass., and moved to 
 Delaware Co., N. Y., residing successively at Walton, Deposit and Canonsville ; he 
 lived in Manchester six years, and in the spring of 1843 he moved to Ypsilanti, 
 70 
 
1212 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 where lie resided over 36 years. Of his 7 children 4 are living and all married, 
 namely ; Mrs. Judd, Mrs. Keif, Mrs. Mills and John N. Howland. 
 
 An old heirloom in the family is an English gourd, ornamented with a silver 
 plate, on which is inscribed its history. It was used as a powder-horn on the voy- 
 age to this country in 1620. 
 
 Politically Mr. H. was an ardent Whig and then Republican, and was a promi- 
 nent member of the Presbyterian Church, in which denomination he was Deacon 
 over 50 years. He died Nov. 23, 1879, aged 82 years and 10 months, leaving his 
 life-long partner and 4 children to mourn his loss. Mr. H. was indeed an estima- 
 ble man. In business he was energetic and high-minded, and in religion zealous 
 and consistent. Probably no man in Ypsilanti has been so much missed by the 
 community at his death as has been the subject of this sketch. 
 
 John JV. Howland, son of the foregoing, and now carrj'ing on the tanning and 
 leather business, established at Ypsilanti bj' his father, was born at Cannonsville, 
 N. Y., Sept. 13, 1830. He was reared to the above business, at which he has been 
 engaged nearly the whole time up to the present. Although Mr. H.'s tannery is 
 inactive operation, he buj^s more leather to suppl}' his customers than is manu- 
 factured in his estaljlishment. This leather business was established at an earlier 
 date than any of its kind in Washtenaw county, and it has averaged in years past 
 from $5,000 to $20,000, per year. It is one of the important industries of Ypsilanti. 
 
 Mr. Howland was married May 13, 1856, to Miss Sarah Stebbins, of Delaware 
 county, N. Y. , and they have had a family of o children, onlj' 3 of whom are living, 
 — Carrie and John Augustine, age 14 and 11 years respectively. Politically Mr. 
 Howland is a Republican. He joined the Masonic order when ayoungman, and 
 continued his connection with this order to the present time, holding various 
 offices in the lodge for many years ; he is also a member of the order of the 
 Knights of Honor, Order of United Workmen, etc., etc. Mr. and Mrs. H. have 
 been members of the Presbyterian Church for the past 15 years. 
 
 James Hutchinson, retired farmer, was born at Lockport, N. Y., in 1822. The 
 same year, his father started to Michigan, but being tempted by the liberal wages 
 paid on the Erie canal, he remained there until 1835, and then came to Michi- 
 gan, arriving in June. He then removed to Ypsilanti. The father and son en- 
 gaged in teaming, often making $10 per day. James remained at home until his 
 30th year. He then bought 40 acres of land in Canton tp., Wayne Co., where he 
 remained three years. After remaining eight years in Canton tp., he came to Ypsi- 
 lanti, and teamed for a paper company for five years. After a life of bustling 
 activity, he retired from business, and has since resided at Ypsilanti. He married 
 Mary Carpenter, a native of New York. Of the 3 children born to them, 2 are 
 living — Ida A. and May, both married, the former a resident of Detroit, and the 
 latter of East Tawas, Mich. Frank H. is deceased. His widow, with one son, re- 
 sides with her brother-in-law. 
 
 JS. H. Jackson, carriage manufacturer and blacksmith, was born in New York 
 in 1822. He learned the blacksmith's trade, and in 1846 located at Ypsilanti, where 
 he has since been engaged at his trade. In 1870 he built the large establishment 
 where he now transacts business, and also a commodious private residence. Mr. 
 Jackson has been connected with the Good Templar Lodge of Ypsilanti for nearly a 
 quarter of a century, and is well known for his integrity and benevolence. He was 
 married in 1848 to Helen J. Henderson, a native of this county. They have 2 
 children living. 
 
 Freeman Jackson, carriage maker and general blacksmith, was born in Herkimer 
 county, N. Y., in 1819. Nine years later hiiS parents removed to Oneida county, 
 remaining until 1836, when th^ settled in Jeilerson county. In this latter place 
 Freeman acquired a first-class knowledge of his trade, which made him one of the 
 most skillful of mechanics. In 1844 he settled in Ypsilanti, where he worked as a 
 journeyman for four years. In 1848 he established his present business, and at 
 present is recognized as a mechanic of no mean ability. He is a good business man, 
 and generosity forms one of his leading traits of character. He was mairied to 
 Susan Spafford. They have 2 children — 1 son and a daughter. 
 
 Hon. Qhauncey Joslin, Ypsilanti, was born June 28, 1813, at Throopsville, 
 Cayuga Co., N. Y. His parents were Lindsey and Mary (Waite) Joslin. When he 
 was 10 years of age his parents moved to Nunda. He was educated at Temple 
 Hill, Livingston county, his studies consisting of the ordinary English branches, 
 with one year' in Latin. When 16 years old he wrote and delivered the first lect- 
 ure on free sch'ols in the United States, endeavoring to establish the proposition of 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1213 
 
 universal education by universal taxation. This subject was so universally con- 
 demned at that time, that the youthful philosopher attempted its advocacy no 
 more. At the age of 17 he enlisted in an independent company of dragoons under 
 promise of election to the oiBce of Fourth Corporal ; but failing to secure the office, 
 he resigned and returned home, thus closing his military career. After leaving 
 school, Mr. Joslin engaged in teaching for five years, at the end of vphich time 
 (1836) he began the study of law with David Bagley, of Nunda. In 18.87 he came 
 to Ypsilanti, iUich., and entered the law office of Walter A. Buckbee, with whom 
 he remained one year, studying in the office of Marcus Lane during the suc- 
 ceeding year. He was admitted to the Bar and began to practice in May, 1839. 
 Thenceforward he has devoted his time and energj' to his chosen profession, and 
 acquired a large and lucrative practice. In 1843 Mr. Joslin was elected Supervisor 
 from Ypsilanti city; in the fall of the same year to the State Legislature, where h,e 
 served with marked ability and prevented the legislation designed to reduce the 
 price of the lands devoted to the State University and to the benefit of the primary 
 schools in the State at large. In 1846 he was elected a Justice of the Peace, and re- 
 elected in 1850 ; in 1851 was appointed a member of the State Board of Education, 
 and the following year elected to serve the short term, which he satisfactorily filled 
 until 1855. During this time the board erected a Normal school building, putting the 
 school into successful operation. In 1853 he was elected Judge of Probate of Wash- 
 tenaw county, a position which he filled with honor to himself and to the satisfac- 
 tion of his constituents. In 1853 he was appointed one of the Commissioners to con- 
 struct the Sault St. Marie canal, in the upper peninsula of Michigan, and after the 
 completion of the canal, in two years, the commissioners received the credit of hav- 
 ing performed the work with less dishonesty than any other of the kind in the 
 United States. In 1858 Mr. Joslin was elected first Mayor of Ypsilanti. He was a 
 member of the School Board for 20 years, resigning in 1870. 
 
 Mr. Joslin has ever evinced a deep interest in educational matters, and during 
 his travels throughout the State, it affords him the most intense delight to meet a 
 young man whose educational advantages were traced back to his influence and 
 efforts. Mr. Joslin became identified with the order of Odd Fellows in 1845, con- 
 tinuing in good standing with the society until the order surrendered its char- 
 ter ; he held all the offices in a surbordinate lodge, and was a representative to the 
 State Grand Lodge for many years. He was reared in the faith of the Baptist 
 denomination, and still adheres to the religious views of that body, although he 
 18 not a member of the Church. He is a member of the Democratic party, and 
 a strict advocate of its principles. He was married Sept. 4, 1841, to Mrs. Eve- 
 line A. Lane, widow of Marcus Lane, Esq., his former legal preceptor. She 
 bore him 3 children, 2 of whom are living — Fred C, an assayist, now in California, 
 and Prank, City Clerk of Ypsilanti, and a successful insurance agent. Mrs. Jos- 
 lin died in 1846, and March 15, 1849, Mr. J., married Sarah M . Silsby. Three 
 children have been the fruit of this latter union — Elvira C, wife of Charles K. 
 Whitman, Esq., of Ypsilanti ; Ella, a teacher in the Ypsilanti Union school, and 
 B. Pollett. Mr. Joslin is a man of genial and social qualities, being a great lover 
 of fun. He tells a story well, and often in argument makes his best illustrations 
 by an apt quotation or anecdote. 
 
 Haphael Kapp, carpenter and joiner, Ypsilanti, was born in Germany in 1839. 
 He was educated in his native land, and in 1852 crossed the Atlantic, first locat- 
 ing at Detroit, Mich., where he learned his trade, and remained four years. He 
 then removed to Ypsilanti, where he has since lived. He was married in Free- 
 dom tp., in 1857, to Dorothea Tou^jel, daughter of Jacob Touhel. They have 3 
 children — Alfred R., a clerk in the M. C. freight oflBce at Detroit, and Frank A., a 
 prominent pupil of the Ypsilanti high school. Mr. Kapp was Alderman of Ypsi- 
 lanti from 1876 to 1878. 
 
 Simeon T. Keith (deceased), who is well remembered by the citizens of Ypsi- 
 lanti as a man of sterling worth and integrity, was born in Thompson, Conn., 
 although most of his youthful days were spent in Canandaigua, N.Y. His mature 
 years were passed in the cities of New York and Boston ; in the former he was 
 associated for many years in business with the Vermilliers, famous bankers in 
 the early days of New York. The well-known firm were a family of brothers, 
 and their names were a tower of strength in fi.nancial and religious circles. Two 
 of them were distinguished clergymen. With such men the best years of Mr. 
 Keith's business life was spent, and he contributed not a little to the success of 
 the great banking-house. Sept. 17, 1843, he was united in marriage to Miss Har- 
 
1214 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 riet A. Allen, a daughter of Oliver and Hannah (Peck) Allen, of Providence. 
 Mr. K. was literally a self-made man, liberally educated and a systematic accotint- 
 ant. Owing to ill health he came West to Ypsilanti many years ago, where he 
 invested of his abundant means in the erection and purchase of city property. 
 He died April 4, 1875, and was laid at rest in the city cemetery, a handsome and 
 appropriate monument marking the spot. 
 
 Christian Kelly. — On another page of this book will be found the portrait of Mr. 
 Kelly as one of the worthy pioneer settlers in Washtenaw county. His father, 
 John P. Kelly, was born at Berne, Switzerland, in 1780, near the birthplace of 
 the famous William Tell. After passing through his school term, which every 
 child in that country was obliged to attend up to a certain age, he learned the 
 blacksmith's trade, which he followed until drafted into the army. Being a good 
 musician, he soon arose to the rank of a Drum-Major, which position he filled 
 until honorably discharged from the service. He then returned to his native 
 town and worked at his trade. In 1807 he married Miss Anna Grosenbecker, of 
 his native town. During the year 1815 he was again called into the military 
 service, and was given a class of 32 boys to learn to drum, among which was his 
 son Christian, the subject of this sketch, who was but six years old. 
 
 In 1818, not liking so much forced military life, and being of a " republican 
 spirit," and hearing so many glowing accounts of the freedom and advantages a 
 poor man had in America, he emigrated and settled in Pennsylvania, where he 
 lived some time and worked at blacksmithing. He afterward resided in New 
 Jersey and at Lockport, N. Y., during which time the Erie canal was put through 
 and the famous locks were built. He then returned to Pennsylvania, and in the 
 spring of 1825 moved to Detroit, Mich. In the month of June, 1825, being ac- 
 companied by his son Christian, and Lyman Graves, he started on a trip for the 
 purpose of locating land ; they took the Indian trail on foot as far as Godfroy's 
 trading post, where Ypsilanti now stands ; after prospecting around they finally 
 located on sec 28, Ypsilanti tp., where they erected a log cabin, and then returned 
 to Detroit for their families, household goods, etc., and also for a stock of iron, 
 blacksmith's tools, etc. ; there being no wagon road he was obliged to move the 
 goods by flat boats down the Detroit river, around the edge of the lake and up 
 the Huron river, to what was known as Snow's landing, thence across the country 
 as well as they could to their shanty. This trip consumed over a week, rowing, 
 poling and drawing the boat during the day, and tying up at night to a tree, and 
 building a large fire near as a protection against musquitoes, while in the forest 
 near by was the howling of wild beasts to lull them to sleep ! 
 
 After becoming settled in their log house, they immediately burnt a coal pit, 
 and erected a blacksmith shop,which was about the first one built and run in Wash- 
 tenaw county. The next three years was spent working in the shop and clearing 
 and fencing the farm. In 1828 the Government, under an act passed in 1824, built 
 what was called the Detroit & Chicago turnpike, now the gravel road. His business, 
 not being very pressing, Mr. K. took a contract on this road. For this purpose 
 lie with others rented what was known as the Browning farm, six miles west of 
 Detroit, near which their jobs for which thej' had contracted were located. Here 
 they moved their families. They bought oxen and equipments, hired a gang of 
 hands and went to work felling the timber and making the road. 
 
 John p, Kelly being a man of good education and business habits, the company 
 picked on him as overseer under the superintendent, whose duty it was to see that 
 the jobs were done according to contract, and accept them, etc., between Ypsi- 
 lanti and Detroit, and report the facts to headquarters. Owing to exposure and 
 hard work while filling this position, he contracted disease, from which he died 
 in October, 1829. His son Christian, whose name heads this biography, had 
 remained at home overseeing the hands up to this, when he succeeded his father. 
 John P. had accumvilated considerable property, but through the dishonesty of 
 those who owed the estate monej^ and the administrators who settled the estate, 
 his family was left nearly penniless. John P. and Anna Kelly had a family of 3 
 children, as follows : Christian ; Anna, who married William Steers, of Wayne 
 county, Mich., and died in 1832, leaving 2 sons, Frank and William; and Mary 
 Maria, who died while crossing the ocean. 
 
 Christian Kelly was born in the canton of Berne, Switzerland, Feb. 19, 1809, 
 and came with his parents to this county in 1825 ; after paying ofi' the indebted- 
 ness of his father's estate, he found himself nearly penniless, at the age of 19 
 years, with a mother and sister looking to him for support. In 1833 he married 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1215 
 
 Miss Sarah Ann Steere, of Detroit, where she was born in 1812. The spring 
 following, the family returned to their farm on sec. 38, this tp., where lie remained 
 until his death, in November, 1869. He and his wife passed through the usual 
 hardships incident to a pioneer life, cleared up a heavily timbered farm, in the 
 meantime hauling all their produce to Detroit for a marliet, each trip taking a 
 week, with a yoke of oxen. 
 
 Christian was drafted into the State militia and served as a musician during 
 the Black Hawk war. He was never too busy or too tired to plaj' when called 
 on, and was generally known through the country as " Kelly, the drummer." He 
 was very fond of the chase, and many were the deer and turkey he brought down 
 with his trusty rifle, to grace his table and replenish his larder. He was very 
 sociable and free-hearted ; the " latch-string was always out," and many a belated 
 traveler partook of his hospitality free. He was temperate in all his habits, never 
 using alcoholic spirits or tobacco. He was very peaceable; never had a law-suit 
 in his life. He left quite a valuable propertj' to his family. His children were — 
 Wm. W., who married Miss Laura Murray, of Salem, and now resides in Minne- 
 sota ; Anna S., wife of Silas Crittenden, of Pittsfield, now of Eaton county, Mich.; 
 Jacob C, deceased ; Christian J., who married Miss Ella E. Young, and lives on 
 and owns the old homestead on sec. 38; Nancy J., who married P. W. Horner, of 
 Augusta; Benjamin D., who married Miss Emily Moore, and resides in Ypsilanti 
 tp. ; Eliza A., wife of Thos. A. Moore ; John P., who married Miss Edna Haver- 
 land, of Ypsilanti ; Clara L., wife of James C. Moore, and lives on sec. 37 ; and 
 Emily Alice, wife of Robert G. Young. Christian's widow still survives him 
 and lives with her son at the old homestead. 
 
 Christian J. Kelly was born Dec. 6, 1839, on sec. 38, Ypsilanti tp. ; he was 
 reared on his father's farm ; in 1861 he made a tour of the Western States, finally 
 locating in Minnesota, where he remained two years. He returned home and 
 finally bought a timbered farm on sec. 37, near the old homestead. On his 
 father's death in 1869 he was appointed administrator of the estate and guardian 
 for his two younger sisters, who were minors. In 1870 he bought the old home- 
 stead of the heirs and furnished a home for his mother and younger sisters, until 
 his sisters were married and had homes of their own. In 1878 he married Ella 
 Young, of the same town. Her parents were pioneers. 
 
 Christian J. and wife have 1 child, a son, Herbert J. Kelly. Mr. K. has filled 
 several oflices of trust iu his tp., among which is Treasurer, two terms, in all 
 these positions discharging his duties faithfully. 
 
 John Kennedy (deceased) was born in Ireland, in 1841. When he was 19 years 
 of age he learned the blacksmith's trade, and immediatelj' afterward started for 
 America. He located at Ypsilanti, where he has since worked at his trade. He 
 was married in 1859, to Margaret, a daughter of Thomas and Mary Kelly. Mr. 
 Kennedy was industrious and frugal, and accumulated a goodly amount of prop- 
 erty. He died in 1874, and was buried in the Catholic cemeterj'. He left a 
 family of 6 children — Sarah E., Mary J., John W., James T., Edward and 
 Ann a, M. 
 
 /. S. Kelchum was born in Wayne countj', Mich., in 1833. In 1863 he en- 
 listed in Co. A, 4th Mich. Cav., was attached to the army of the Cumberland, 
 witnessed the capture of Jeff. Davis, and participated in 37 of the most notable 
 ■engagements ; for meritorious conduct he was promoted from the ranks ; at the 
 battle of Sparta he was severelj' wounded in one of tlie main arteries; at Cumber- 
 land Gap, also, he was seriously injured. He was honorably discharged at Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., and returned to Wayne county, where he married Rhoda Nichols, 
 and they have had 3 children. vSoon after the close of the war he came to Ypsi- 
 lanti, where now he is a dealer in and repairer of saws. 
 
 Charles King, sr., merchant, Ypsilanti, was born at London, Eng., Sept. 13, 1833, 
 and emigrated with his father, George R. King, to America, in 1833. In 1837 
 they came to Ypsilanti, Mich., and established the firm of Geo. R. King & Son, 
 with a general stock of merchandise. They continued in business until the 
 death of the elder Mr. King, in 1849. Mr. King then formed a co-partnership 
 with his brother, E. King, which relation continued until 1867. Mr. King then 
 purchased his brother's interest, and in 1873, admitted his son, Charles E., into 
 the business as an equal partner. >Ir. King was married in 1850 to Susan Sewell, 
 -a daughter of Benjamin Sewell, of Ann Arbor. They have 3 children — Charles 
 
1216 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COTJNTT. 
 
 E., jr., a graduate of the University of Michigan, and member of the Board of 
 Education of Ypsilanti, and Susan, -wife of J. H. Worthy, of Jackson Mich. 
 
 Hon. Edward King, of Ypsilanti tp., was horn in London, Eng., in the year 
 1830. In 1833 his parents came to America, and located in New York, where 
 they remained until 1837. In that year they removed to what is now the city of 
 Ypsilanti, Mich., where his father engaged in the grocery business. In Ypsilanti 
 Mr. King received his education. When he was 21 years of age he engaged in 
 the grocery business with his brother, C. King, which he followed until 1867. 
 He then purchased a farm near Ypsilanti, which he has lived on since that time. 
 In 1880 he was elected a member of the State Legislature on the Democratic 
 ticket. During the session of 1880-'81 he served on the committees on religious 
 and benevolent associations, State public school at Coldwater, and local taxation. 
 In 1854 he was married to Miss Julia A. Palmer, of Ypsilanti, a daughter of Hon. 
 John Palmer, of Plattsburg, N. Y, To them have been born 3 sons and 1 
 daughter. Of these children the daughter has died. Mr. King is a man interested 
 in all movements for the public good and welfare. Unassuming in manner, cour- 
 teous to all, he has won the respect and contidence of a large circle of friends 
 
 A. F. Kinne, M. A., M. D., one of the much respected citizens of Ypsilanti, 
 was born in Vermont, April 13, 1813, and is a son of Nathan Kinne (deceased), 
 who was a farmer and pioneer of Caledonia, Vt. Dr. Kinne was educated at 
 Dartmouth College, where he received the degrees of M. A. and M. D. He first 
 practiced his profession at Jaflfrey, Vt., from 1840 to 1850, and in the latter year came 
 to Ypsilanti, Mich., where he resumed his practice. Prom 1856 to 1862, he was 
 connected with Kinne & Smith, druggists, and in the latter year, sold his interest 
 to his partner, J. P. Smith. Mr. Kinne has seiwed one term as Mayor, and as a 
 member of the Board of Education for nine years. He was married in 1840, to 
 Susan O. Smith, of Hanover, N. H., a daughter of N. H. Smith, who came to Michi- 
 gan in 1878, at the age of 97 years. Two children were born to this union, 1 of 
 whom is living — Laura A., wife of Lucius W. Mills, of Ypsilanti. William B. is 
 deceased. Mrs. Kinne died in December 1859 and in 1862, Dr. Kinne married Jen- 
 nie S. Bristol, of Jonesville, Mich. They have 3 children — Plorence B., Genevieve 
 and Edmund P. 
 
 William Klein -was bom in Freedom tp., Washtenaw county. His parents, 
 Peter and Mary (McDelaney) Klein, settled in Michigan, when it was a Territory ; 
 the former assisted in the constructi(>n of the M. C. R. R., and now resides at Sa- 
 line. William lived with his parents until he was 25 years of age, when he bought 
 land on sec. 24, Superior tp. In 1864, he located at Ypsilanti, -where he owns a 
 tine residence on Mill street. Mr. Klein learned the blacksmith's trade when 
 quite young. He was instrumental in raising men for the late war. In 1867 he 
 married Mary Renner. They have 3 children, 1 daughter and 2 sons, who reside 
 at home. 
 
 R. E. Knapp, J/. X*.-, Ypsilanti, was born in the town of Salem, Washtenaw 
 county, April 1, 1844. His parents were Myrom E. and Amanda (Hall) Knapp. 
 His father is yet living in Salem. Dr. Knapp received his literary education in the 
 common schools of his native town, until he was 20 years old, when he came to Yp- 
 silanti. When 17 years of age he began the study of medicine under Dr. Franck, 
 of Salem. At the age of 22 he entered the medical department of Michigan Uni- 
 versity, from which he graduated in 1868. He then began to practice at Ypsilanti. 
 In 1869 he went to "Cincinnati, Ohio, and entered the Homeopathic Medical College, 
 from which he graduated In 1870. He then came back to this city, where he prac- 
 ticed until 1872, when he went to Pentonville, Mich. In 1877 he again returned to 
 Ypsilanti, where he has since continued to practice. He makes a specialty of fe- 
 male and chronic diseases, in which he has a large practice. His education is the 
 result of his own exertions. In 1868 there was organized in Michigan University 
 by some of the students, a Hahneman Medical Society. This society numbered 
 about 20 members, of which Dr. K. was one. This society was the means of organ- 
 izing a homeopathic medical department in the University. It is the intention 
 of the doctor to perfect himself ia surgery. He is a member of Phcenix Lodge F. 
 & A. M., of this city. In 1870 he was married to Miss Delila Wheeler, of Ypsi- 
 lanti . To them have been born 3 sons and 1 daughter, all of whom are living. 
 
 Onille Knickerbocker was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1811. In his youth 
 he learned the cooper's trade, and while a resident of New York, was married to 
 Elizabeth Coats. Shortly after he removed to Cincinnati, O., thence to Mackinaw, 
 Mich., where he remained for two years. In 1841 he located at Ann Arbor, and 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1217 
 
 secured employment ■with James Jones, a -well known cooper of that citj'. In 
 1848 he removed to Ypsilanti, and a few years after built acomfortahle residence 
 and a cooper shop, where for several years he manufactured tight work which 
 found a ready sale at Detroit. 
 
 Alomo Koyl, keeper of a restaurant and hotel, established in 1879, has a first- 
 class patronage, and in stock a full line of confection, cigars and tobacco, etc. 
 Mr. Koyl is a native of Canada, born in 1814, and came to Washtenaw county in 
 1854, grew up in the county and married Miss Elvira Fulton, of Indiana. He is 
 one of the most substantial citizens of Ypsilanti, and for two years served as 
 Deputy Marshal. 
 
 John Lacy, a resident of Ypsilanti, was a soldier in the civil war. He lived at 
 "Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1861, and there raised Co. " C," of the 35th Reg. 
 N. Y. Vol. Inf , and was elected its Captain. They participated in the tirst battle of 
 Bull Run. In 1861 he resigned his position, and returning to New York, ably 
 assisted in raising the 94th Reg. N. Y. Vol. Inf, being elected First Lieutenant of 
 one of the companies. Bravery on the field of battle caused him to receive a 
 Captain's commission. He was subsequently promoted brevet Major, and was 
 honorably discharged in 1865. Mr. Lacy has been a resident of Ypsilanti for 
 many years. 
 
 Bei). Eugene Laible, Pastor of the New Jerusalem Church, Ypsilanti, was born in 
 Baden, Germany, in 1824, and a year later his parents, Joseph and Magdalena 
 Laible, settled at Detroit, Mich., where Eugene obtained a thoroughly practical 
 education, and was subsequently engaged in the grocery and paint and oil trade, 
 remaining in the latter busmess over 25 years. Mr. Laible is the founder of the 
 Swedenborgian congregation at Y''psilanti, and has been their pastor since that 
 period. He owns valuable city property in Detroit and Y'psilanti. He was mar- 
 ried in 1844 to Martha M. Chase, a daughter of Charles Chase, of Binghamton, N. 
 Y. They have 3 children — E. F., a merchant of Detroit ; Grace M. and Rosaline M. 
 
 Oornelius Lang, merchant, Ypsilanti, was born in Bridgewater tp., Washtenaw 
 county, in 1840, and is a son of John Lang, a native of Germany, who settled in 
 this county in 1830 and located land in Bridgewater tp. He was a mechanic by 
 trade but was well fitted for agricultural pursuits, and in due course of time became 
 comfortably situated in life. He married Elizabeth Keefer. Of their 4 children, 2 
 are living — Joseph and Cornelius. Cornelius was married in 1870 to Jennie Gunn, 
 and 5 of their children are living. Mr. Lang is quite unassuming in manners, but 
 an active and reliable business man. 
 
 0. O. La Rue, speculator, Y''psilanti, was born in Sussex (now Warren) county, 
 N. J., in 1811. His parents were John and Mary (Lake) La Rue, the former of 
 whom was a native of France, and came to America about the time of the Revo- 
 lutionary war. In 1826 Mr. La Rue removed to Livingston county, N. Y., where 
 he subsequently married Catharine Wallerer, a daughter of Abraham Wallerer. In 
 1860 Mr. L. came to Ypsilanti, where he has since resided. In 1843 Mrs. La Rue 
 died, and the following year Mr. L. married Hannah Howell, daughter of David 
 and Agnes Howell, natives of New Jersey. 
 
 Hon. Ezra D. Lay, President of the Pioneer Society, was a son of Aaron Lay, a 
 ship carpenter of Saybrook, Connecticut, and was born Dec. 6, 1807. His father 
 removed to New York in 1812, and engaged in farming, where Mr. Lay died 
 in 1856, and Mrs. Lay five years later. Here Ezra D. received a common-school 
 education, and in 1825 learned the cooper's trade, which he followed for three years. 
 He cameto Michigan in 1832, and settled in Ypsilanti tp., where he bought 160 
 acres of land on sec. 2. He brought with him from the Rochester Nursery about 
 25,000 fruit trees of standard varieties, which he planted, and finding himself 
 doing a profitable business in that line, he continued in that vocation for many 
 years. "This was the first general nursery business started in the Territory of 
 Michigan. In 1834, he married Malinda Kinne, daughter of Joshua Kinne, a Bap- 
 tist clergyman of Monroe Co., N. Y. This union was blessed with 2 children — Su- 
 san M., wife of Dr. Pattison, of Ypsilanti, and William H., still at home. Mr. Lay's 
 farms contain 175 acres of land, all under improvement. 
 
 Col. George W. Lee, Indian Agent, was born in Chenango county, N. Y., to which 
 place his father, Guy C, had emigrated from Castleton, Vt. The latter was the 
 third son of Col. Noah Lee, an officer of the Revolutionary war, who served in 
 1760 in the army which invaded and captured Canada from the French. Col. 
 Noah Lee also commanded a company of Allen's Green Mountain Boys, who, 'n 
 
1218 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 company with Benedict Arnold, captured Ticondero^a and Crown Point from the 
 British in 1775. He also served with distinction before Yorktown, and witnessed 
 the surrender of Cornwallis. George W.'s mother was a daughter of Amzi Bene- 
 dict, a merchant of Danbury, Ct. In 1830 the family moved to a farm near Can- 
 astota, Madison Co., N. Y. ; in 1836 they came to Livingston county, Mich. May 
 13, 1847, Mr. Lee married Miss Elizabeth, only daughter of the late Sterling 
 Armstrong, of Newark, N. J. 
 
 Mr. Lee followed farming until 1845, when, in company with a younger brother, 
 he began business at Howell, Mich., in which he was successful until 1861, when 
 he went into the war. He was a Whig until the organization of the Republican 
 party at Jackson July 6, 1854, in which he took a zealous part. In 1858 he was 
 appointed on the Board (of three) of Control of the State Reform School at Lan- 
 sing, of which he is at present the presiding officer. In 1855 he established the 
 Livingston Republican at Howell, the first Republican paper in the county, and 
 still flourishing. In 1860 he waschosen Presidential Elector for Abraham Lincoln, 
 and was appointed by the Electoral College a messenger to deliver the result of 
 the vote to Mr. Lincoln. 
 
 On the outbreak of the war he was appointed United States Quartermaster, and 
 assigned to Detroit in charge of the equipment and transportation of all Michigan 
 troops, which position he held during the war. He had the rank and pay of 
 Colouel, and the title of Chief Quartermaster of Michigan, Department of the 
 Ohio. He was honorably discharged in June, 1866, having disbursed millions of 
 dollars, with strict fidelity. He is now Indian Agent for the "Mackinaw Agency," 
 including all the Indians in Michigan. By his characteristic kindness he has won 
 the esteem of all these aborigines, and he speaks with enthusiasm concerning 
 their rapid progress in agriculture and the arts. Religiously, Mr. Lee is a Metho- 
 dist He is a man of decided opinions, active temperament and strong social 
 worth. 
 
 Andrew J. Leetch, retired merchant, was born in Xew York State in 1830. Five 
 years later his parents, Andrew C. and Betsy Leetch, settled at Canton, "Wayne Co., 
 Mich. Andrew passed his youth upon a farm, becoming liberallj- educated in 
 district schools. Acquiring the trade of a carpenter and joiner, he was employed 
 in this calling for a number of years. "While the war was in progress, he contribu- 
 ted liberally toward its prosecution. In 1860 he was elected to the Legislature from 
 "Wayne county, and served in 1861-'3. In 1865 he went into business at Ypsilanti, 
 as a grocer, and succeeded in acquiring a fair share of the city and country trade. 
 In 1866 he erected and soon had in successful operation an e.xtensive brewery 
 and malt house. This building is located on East Congress street, and is now 
 used as a wagon shop. In 1874-'5 Mr. Leetch was Supervisor of the second dis- 
 trict. He is the owner of a valuable farm in Superior tp., and ranks among the 
 most substantial citizens of Ypsilanti. 
 
 James M. Lowden (deceased) was born in New York in 1800, and has followed 
 agricultural pursuits through life. "While a resident of Seneca county, he mar- 
 ried Rachel Lyon, a native of New Jersey. In 1833 he came to "Washtenaw county, 
 and in 1824 permanently located in Ypsilanti tp. At the time of his death, he 
 owned 300 acres of valuable land. He died in April, 1880. Five children survive 
 him — "William H., a resident of Augusta tp. ; Mrs. F. A. Graves, Mrs. P. B. Rog- 
 ers, Mrs. M. "V"an Gresen, of Nebraska, and James T. R., who resides on the old 
 homestead, where he was born in 1841. In 1868 he married Sarah J. Sherwood. 
 Mr. Lowden ranks among the more progressive agriculturists of Ypsilanti tp., 
 and owns 172 acres of land, on sec. 31. 
 
 Jo!'epTi Lucking, proprietor of meat market, is a native of England where he was 
 born in 1831 , son of "Watson Lucking, a butcher of Great Waltham, Essex, and diedin 
 England. His mother was Mary Lucking, same name but not related. -Mr. Luck- 
 ing left England in 1847 and came to Toronto, Canada, where h« learned his trade. 
 Living there until he was 33 years of age, he came to Ypsilanti, and shortly after 
 went into business on Congress street. He is the oldest butcher in the city ; has a 
 slaughter-house at the suburbs, and kills annually a great number of cattle, hogs, 
 etc. His experience has made him a good judge of beef. Mr. Lucking was mar- 
 rie 1 in 1858 to Miss Ellen Ford, and has 3 children— George "W., Alfred E., a lawyer 
 in Detroit, and Thomas M. He owns the building where he is located, also other . 
 city property, being very comfortably situated in life. 
 
 .if rs. H.D.Martin, proprietress millinery establishment, Congress street, Ypsi- 
 lanti, cimmenced her present business in 1873. She his built up a large and in- 
 creasing trade, airl rsin'<s aninni the leidina hnnses of Ypsilanti. 
 
TPSILANTl TOWNSHIP, 1219 
 
 Joseph Martin, son of John Martin, deceased, was bom Jan. 37, 1830, in North- 
 umberland county, Penn., his parents remaining there until 1833, when they 
 moved to Seneca county, N. Y., and there Mr. Martin followed his trade, that of 
 a bricklayer. Later he went to farming in that county, and in 1838 came to 
 Michigan, and settled in Ypsilanti tp., taking up one 80-acre lot, on which he 
 commenced and continued improvements until 1846, when he enlisted in Capt. 
 Williams' company and engaged in the Mexican war of 1848, inZacharyTa3'lor's 
 time. This, moreover, was not the first sei-vice that John Martin did for his country. 
 In the year 1812 he served in the American army as a butcher, afterward as a 
 commissary. He died in the year 1848, from disease contracted while in the 
 Mexican war. Joseph married Margaret Nichols, in January, 1851, and they 
 have 8 children, 5 sons and 3 daughters— Effle, John, Charles, Helen, Joseph, 
 Edward, Minnie and William. Mr. Martin commenced grocery and liquor busi- 
 ness in 1846, on the premises he now occupies, with Walter Hawkins, under the 
 firm name of " Hawkins & Martin," under which arrangement they continued 
 until 1855, when they dissolved, Mr. Martin assuDiingfull control of the business, 
 which has continuously prospered under his direction. This store fronts on Con- 
 gress street 38 feet and extends 60 feet back. Size of the lot is 38x165 feet. 
 
 Mrs. Helen MeAndrew was born near Glasgow, Scotland. Her father was 
 Thomas Walker, a business man of that country. In her native land Mrs. Me- 
 Andrew received her elementaiy education, and in 1849 was united in marriage to 
 Mr. William MeAndrew, now in the furniture business in this city. They at once 
 came to America and the first year was passed in New York city and Baltimore, Md., 
 chiefly. In 1849 they came to Ypsilanti, where has since been their home. Mrs. 
 MeAndrew had had mueh to do with sick persons. She saw the need of lady 
 physicians and felt a desire to study and become qualified to practice medicine. 
 She read many works on medicine here, but could not secure an education in the 
 profession in this State. Consequently she had to go to New York, leaving her 
 husband and son, three years old, while she pursued the studies that the schools of 
 her own State would not admit ladies to. She entered New York Hydropathic and 
 Hygienic Institute, a regularly chartered medical college under the direction of the 
 well-known and noted Doctor R. T. Trail, from which she graduated in October, 
 1855. She at once returned to Ypsilanti, where she has smce been in general 
 practice. When the feeling began to grow stronger that women should be admitted 
 to the State University, a little circle was formed here to do what they could to 
 help the good work. Of this number were Mrs. Dr. Gerry and Mrs. MeAndrew, who 
 worked long and earnestly, hardly daring to hope to see it completed in their life. The 
 result is well known, and much is due to these noblewomen for what they did. Mrs. 
 MeAndrew is a friend of temperance in every form. Herself and sister, Mrs. King, are 
 at the head of the Band of Hope in this city, numbering about 190 members. She 
 is also a member of the Sons of Temperance and the Women's Christian Temper- 
 ance Union. A strong worker in this good cause, she hupes to see the day when 
 there will be a strongly enforced prohibitory law in the State of Michigan. For 
 many years she has been an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 
 this city. She is mother of 3 sons, of whom the elder, Thomas, is a rising young 
 business man in this city, and the younger is pursuing studies in the State Normal 
 school. 
 
 Charles McGormick. dealer in fish and smoked meats, was born in Steuben 
 county, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1824, son of John and Betsy McCormick, who settled in 
 Washtenaw county in 1825, near Dixboro, Superior tp. , where land was purchased 
 irom the Government ; it consisted of 480 acres, but subsequently John McCormick 
 became the owner of some 700 acres. He died in 1833, and in 1356 occurred the death 
 of Mrs. McCormick. Charles followed agricultural pursuits until his 25th year. In 
 1851 he was united in marriage with Miss Marian, daughter of Michael Minton. In 
 1834 he was the prosperous proprietor of a flouring-mill, in connection with a Mr. 
 Rogers, well known to pioneer residents. For three years Mr. McCormick was 
 City Marshal, and for several years ably filled the position of Alderman. 
 
 McElcheran & McAndreio, dealers in furniture and upholstered goods, under- 
 takers, etc., Ypsilanti, are George McElcheran and Thomas MeAndrew. 
 Their business was started about 1845 by David Coon. He sold to Mr. Vinkle, 
 and in 1876 the present firm purchased it. Their store is 37x114 in size, and two 
 stories and basement. They manufacture fine upholstered goods for their own 
 trade . 
 
1220 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The senior member of the firm, George McElcheran, was bom at Seneca Palls, 
 N. Y., in 1833. He was educated at Albany, where he remained until 14 years of 
 age. He then went to Dansville, Livingston Co., N. Y,, and learned the furniture 
 and undertaking business. In 1855 he came to Michigan and was in the employ of 
 David Coon, of Ypsilanti, until 1862. He then entered the employ of the Qreat 
 Western railroad as conductor, remaining there until 1876, when he engaged in his 
 present business. Mr. McElcheran is a member of Phoenix Lodge F. & A. M., 
 and is connected with the M. E. Church. In 1855 he married Mary Bough- 
 ton, of Ypsilanti. To them have been born 3 daughters. Mr. McElcheran is al- 
 ways pleasant and friendly, and has many friends in Ypsilanti. 
 
 J. H. McKinstry, tobacconist, Ypsilanti, is a native of New York State, and 
 during the war served as a midshipman in the United States Navy. In 1867 he 
 permanently located at Ypsilanti, and in the years that have rolled by he has 
 gained a fine trade, and well deserves the success which has so abundantly 
 crowned his earnest and faithful efforts. 
 
 A. McNicol. manufacturer of boots and shoes, Ypsilanti, was born at Glasgow 
 Scotland, in 1839, and was early apprenticed to the shoemaking trade. In 
 1868, to better his financial condition, he accordingly went to Canada, and 
 thence to Detroit. He did military duty during the Fenian war in Canada, 
 and was afterward employed in a large boot and shoe establishment at Windsor, 
 Canada, and Romeo, Mich. In 1867 he came to Ypsilanti, and soon after invented 
 the well-known McNicol cement, and traveled and sold the county and State rights 
 for over 11 years. He was married in Ypsilanti, to Helen Treat. They have 2 
 children — Jennie M. and George A. 
 
 Almn Mead was born Oct. 6, 1822, in the State of New York. Was the son of 
 William Mead, a native of Winchester county, where Alvin was born, and from 
 which county he moved, in 1823, to Ontario county, and engaged in farming, 
 where he died March 11, 1858. 
 
 Alvin Mead came to Michigan in 1854, from the State of Ohio, New London tp., 
 and purchased 100 acres on sec. 7, where he now lives. His farm is of excellent 
 soil and all under good state of cultivation except 15 acres of timber. He married 
 Margaret Charlton, daughter of John Charlton, a farmer of Ontario county, N. Y., 
 Jan 20, 1847, and they have 3 daughters — Lottie, Frances B. and Delia E. 
 
 Joseph F. Ifiller, Ypsilanti, was born at Detroit, A. D.- 1845. About 1853 his 
 parents removed to Richmond, Va., where his father dealt in musical instruments. 
 In that city Mr. Miller was educated. When but 12 years of age he began to learn 
 the business of manufacturing jewelry, and later learned the trade of watch- 
 maker. He followed this business in Richmond until the breaking out of the 
 war, when, against his will, he was compelled to enter the Confederate service, 
 and was assigned to duty at Richmond. After the battle of Gettysburg he secured 
 a pass through the Confederate lines and came North. At Washington he was 
 arrested as a spy or dangerous person, and only after considerable difficulty was 
 he released on a sworn parole not to go South of the Philadelphia line during the 
 war. He was in Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York city a short time, and in 
 1863 went to Detroit. In 1864 he came to this city and since that time has been 
 engaged at his trade with S. H. Dodge. In 1867 he was married to Miss Ellen J. 
 Osborn, of Ypsilanti, a daughter of George Osborn, a pioneer of this county. 
 Two sons have been born to them — George, aged ten years, and Frank, six years of 
 age, both of whom are living. 
 
 Richard MilUr, merchant tailor, Ypsilanti, was born in Virginia !n 1824. In his 
 youth he came North, and settled at Ypsilanti, where he has since resided, and 
 built up a large city and custom trade. He was married at Ann Arbor in 1855 to 
 Lucy Patten, a daughter of William Patten, a pioneer of Washtenaw county. 
 
 ^sA^e.V J/«aor, Ypsilanti, was born at Woodbury, Litchfield county. Conn., in 
 1810. His father was a farmer, and Mr. Minor was reared in that business and 
 educated in his native county. When 17 years of age he began to learn the busi- 
 ness of blacksmithing. In 1834 he went to Ohio and in 1835 came to this city. Heat once 
 started a blacksmith shop which he has carried on till quite recently, when on account 
 of ill health he gave it up. He is the oldest blacksmith now in the city. In poli- 
 tics he was an old line Whig, until the formation of the Republican party, since 
 when he has been a Republican. In 1841 he was married to Miss Sarah McCormick, 
 of this city, a daughter of Alexander McCormick, a pioneer of this county. To them 
 have been laorn 4 daughters and 3 sons, all but one of whom are living. 
 
rPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1221 
 
 Bavid Moore ranks among the pioneers of Washtenaw county. He was born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1795, where he grew to manhood. He received a liberal education, 
 and at an early day removed to Geneva, N. Y. In 1830 he came to Michigan, by 
 wagon conveyance, and, in connection with a Mr. Rash, purchased 80 acres of 
 Government land in Superior tp., Washtenaw county. Mr. Moore enlisted as a 
 private soldier in the war of 1812, and not long after married Abigail Randall, who 
 died June 29, 1844, and was buried in Cross cemetery, Superior tp. Eight children 
 were born to this union, 6 of whom are living— William, Martha, James, Delilah, 
 Sarah and Samuel. In 1846 Mr. Moore married Rosanna Thompson, who died in 
 1879, leaving 3 children— Cynthia W. and Nettie R. 
 
 James C. Moore, son of Lewis Moore (deceased), was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., 
 in 1843 ; at 13 years of age he accompanied his parents to Ypsilanti tp. ; in 1865 en- 
 listed in Co. A, 24th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., was honorably discharged at Detroit at 
 close of war ; had charge of Moore saw-mill for several years, ultimately became 
 member of the Ann Arbor Agricultural works ; in 1878 bought 80 acres of land, 
 where he now resides ; is the inventor of a useful and neat windmill now in use 
 on his farm, and also of a barrel hoop-cutter, and log turner ; was married in 1873 
 to Clara Louise Kelley, who has given him 3 children — Ella J. and Sarah. 
 
 Lewis Moore (deceased) was born in Pennsylvania in 1807. In early life he 
 turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. At the age of 17 years he became a 
 contractor and house-builder. He was married in 1832 to Sarah H. Claflfin, who 
 bore him 9 children — Eli ; Elizabeth, wife of Dr. Milton Chase of Otsego, Mich. ; 
 George, who resides in Augusta tp. ; Emily, wife of B. D. Kelley ; Martha, who re- 
 sides on the old homestead ; James ; Lewis, who married Eliza Benclair, of Detroit ; 
 Martin and Persey. Mr. Moore invented the well-known Keystone Grain Drill, 
 and in 1854 settled on a farm on sec. 34, of Ypsilanti tp. For 16 years he operated 
 a grist-mill known as the Moore Mill, during this time manufacturing agricult- 
 ural implements. He died in 1872 and lies interred in Ypsilanti tp. 
 
 Thomas A. Moore, fanner and drover, was born in Lancaster county. Pa., in 
 1842. His parents were Andrew and Hannah Moore, who were married in 1835. 
 Thomas passed his early life upon a farm. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he en- 
 listed in the 30th Reg. Pa. Militia, where he remained three months. In 1862 he 
 came to Ypsilanti, and enlisted in Co. A, 24th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and served as 
 escort at the funeral of Abraham Lincoln. At the close of the war he bought 34 
 acres of land where he now resides. He takes great interest in educational 
 matters, and assisted in the erection of Centennial school, district No. 5. He was 
 married in 1867 to Eliza, daughter of Christian Helley. They have 4 children 
 — Arthur K., Ella G., Clinton and Charles L. 
 
 Oeorffe Moormon, an early settler in this county, was born in Orleans county, 
 N. Y., in 1823. His parents were William D. and Elizabeth (Granger) Moormon, 
 natives of England, who settled in New York in 1830. In 1830 they located at 
 Rawsonville, Mich., where Mr. Moormon died in 1831. Mrs. M. departed this 
 life in Ionia county, Mich., in 1878, Five children survived this union. George, 
 the subject of this sketch, grew to manhood in this State, and received a liberal 
 education. In 1851 he entered into the mercantile trade, o^Yning at the time 300 
 acres of land. In 1853 he moved to Ypsilanti, where he was successfully engaged 
 in the grocery business until 1878. He owns 540 acres of land ; in 1857, erected 
 the Spencer building ; in 1860, two stores on Congress street ; in 1866, the Arcade 
 Block, and owns 300 feet front where Hemphill, Batchelder & Co.'s bank is 
 located. He has 4 children — Mary, Carrie, Burton G. and Nellie. 
 
 Jonathan Q. Morton, one of Washtenaw county's earliest settlers, was born in 
 Ware, Massachusetts, Mavch 23, 1802. His father, Thomas ^lorton, was a native of 
 Massachusetts, a farmer by occupation, and died in 1804. Mr. Morton was reared 
 on a farm, and at the age of 17 years procured a horse and wagon and traveled 
 from New England to Michigan, selling "Yankee notions " along the road. He 
 aiTived at Ypsilanti August, 1824, and in 1825 kept a general store, in a log cabin 
 on the comer of Pearl and Huron streets, being the first store in Ypsilanti. In 
 1826 he sold out, and engaged in farming, which occupation he has since fol- 
 lowed. He resides on sec. 31. He was mari'ied in March, 1826, to Almira 
 Gorton They have 3 children — Anastatia, wife of C. D. Pritchard, of Iowa ; 
 Amand,wife of J. R. Holmes, and Andalusia, wife of J. Q. A, Sessions, of Ann 
 Arbor. Mrs. Z\Iorton died at the age of 73. She was the daughter of Job Gor- 
 ton, one of the earliest pioneers of this county, who came to Ypsilanti in 1825, 
 with his family, and located a farm on Paint creek, three miles south of the vil- 
 
1222 ^ HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 lage. When the county was first organized he was one of the first Supervisors 
 of Ypsilanti, which then included Pittsfield. Mrs. Morton was well known for 
 her social qualities and general intelligence, as well as her many other noble 
 qualities and good cheer with which her many friends and acquaintances have 
 been welcomed. The old settlers, the fathers and mothers of this county, whose 
 Industries and economy transformed it from a wilderness to its present honored 
 name and ])osition, are rapidly passing over the river. We give a length}'^ rem- 
 iniscence of Mr. Morton in the history of Ypsilanti. As truly worthy pioneers we 
 give the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Morton in this history. 
 
 Josiah Newell, jr., a pioneer of Washtenaw county, was born in Tompkins 
 county, N. Y., in 1815. His parents, Josiah and Esther (Bradley) Newell, settled 
 in this county about 1831. Mr. Newell was apprenticed to learn the millwright 
 trade in his 16th year, and in 1833, settled at Ypsilanti. He soon after returned 
 to the East, but in 1837, came once more to ^Michigan. He afterward went to 
 Walworth county. Wis., and in 1837 returned to Ypsilanti, where he was married 
 to Priscilla Chamberlain, who bore him 6 children — Solon (dec.) ; Homer ; Cicero, 
 a soldier in the late conflict, and a salesman for an extensive establishment at 
 Sioux City, Iowa ; Agnes E., a resident of Portland, Oregon ; Charles, a Bugler 
 in the civil war, and now a resident of Saginaw City, Mich., and Eva, wife of 
 Samuel Vail, a resident of Ypsilanti. Mrs. Newell died Nov. 8, 1854, and May 
 8, 1855, Mr. N. married at Bryan, O., Mary W. Thomas, a daughter of P. K. 
 Thomas, an officer under the first Napoleon, and for many years a professor at 
 West Point. 
 
 Elliott Newton, fireman at Ypsilanti Paper-Mills, is a native of this county, and 
 was born in 1846. In his early life he was in the employ of the M. C. E. R., and 
 there gained a good practical experience in his vocation. He was married to 
 Lucy Wheeler, and 3 children have been born to them — Mary, Tracy and Luella. 
 
 James M. Nichols, an early settler in Pittsfield tp., was born in Onondaga 
 county, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1811. His parents, Jonathan P. and Keziah (Drake) 
 Nichols, emigrated to Michigan in 1832, locating 80 acres of land in Pittsfield 
 tp., and the same amount in Ypsilanti tp., where the former died, Nov. 10, 1834, 
 at the age of 57, and the latter, June 33, 1839, after reaching nearly three score 
 and ten. After his father's death, James took possession of the homestead, where 
 he remained until 1863, when he rented the farm and removed to Ypsilanti. Mr. 
 Nichols was a soldier in the State militia under Gen. Edward Clark, of Ann Ar- 
 bor, and Orderly under Capt. Horace Carpenter. He was married in 1835, to 
 Amanda Dolph, by whom he has 3 children — Vernelia, Valmore C, who runs the 
 farm, and Yalnette. They also have an adopted child, Clara Dolph. 
 
 Murk Norris (deceased). " The death of any established citizen held in estima- 
 tion in the community, makes a pause in the rushing tide of events, and calls the 
 public mind to serious reflection. But now and then one falls, full of years and 
 high in the regard of men, whose disappearance from the scene of action seems 
 to mark the close of an era in local history." Such was the departure of i\Iark 
 Norris. He T\'as born at Peacham, Vt., in 1796, being one of a family of 14 chil- 
 dren, 8 of whom yet survive. At the age of 20 he commenced his eminently 
 useful career by removing to the "Genesee country," then the very extreme bor- 
 der of the American settlements, where he was married in 1820, and remained in 
 the business of merchandising until 1827. Mr. Norris was a Mason, and during 
 the time of the anti-Masonic excitement he removed to Ypsilanti, in the Terri- 
 tory of Michigan. He found the situation of the village congenial, bought 
 property, and in 1828 brought his family on, and made what proved his final 
 settlement. With an accurate foresight of the needs of a new country, he 
 brought in machinery for carding wool and manufacturing cloth, and, in con- 
 juncfion with William W. Harwood, built the lower dam, and commenced im- 
 proving the water-power of the pleasant Huron. To this he soon added a 
 stock of goods, and the earliest buildings in Ypsilanti were the scenes of 
 his business and industry. Mr. Norris was Postmaster during most of the time 
 of Jackson's two terms of ofiice. Other public honors were urged upon him ; but 
 though of decided political opinions, and evei' ready to help the party and to pro- 
 mote the measures which lie conscientiously believed to be for the best interests 
 of his country, he resolutely declined all office. His taste preferred busy, unob- 
 trusive usefulness, to prominence in the public eye and ostentatious display. Mr. 
 Norris was an enterprising and energetic man, and up to the time of his death, 
 liad probably bought and sold, built and improved, more than any other man in 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1223 
 
 Washtenaw county. He led in all schemes for the religious and intellectual 
 benefit of Ypsilanti. His hospitable home was the headquarters of ministers of 
 all denominations, teachers and other good workers on their way to labor for the 
 good of the people in the wilderness of the West. His doors were always open 
 to receive them and to minister to their wants. His love for children was so 
 intense, that an intimate friend remarked : 
 
 '•If I could wield the pencil of an artist I would make a picture. I would show an 
 aged pilgrim with furrowed face, in his armed chair, an unmurmuring sufferer, 
 patiently awaiting his appointed time. With a tearful eye, just leaning over his 
 shoulder gently, you should see young-woman-hood, with her hand of love care- 
 fully arranging the gray locks upon that venerated brow, while just at his feet 
 there would play a noble boy of three summers — a boy whose face should tell 
 him to have been rightly named — a boy of ceaseless activity; but 0, of what a 
 love for grandpa ! I would make such a picture that you could see nothing else, 
 while it was present ; and then I would tell you when I saw its actuality, and the 
 little one that said ' When I get to heaven I will go right off and find grandpa.' " 
 In no part of Mr. Norris' life did those traits of his character which had ever made 
 him loved and respected, appear to better advantage, than when he left out-door 
 usefulness, entered his dwelling for the last time, with a full knowledge of his con- 
 dition, and sat down to die. During some of the weeks of his painful suffering a 
 recumbent position was impossible. Supported by bolsters, in his easy chair, he 
 awaited in calmness, in cheerfulness even, the arrival of the final message; en- 
 during pain without petulance, and rather administering consolation to others 
 than needing it himself. He departed this life in March, 1862, and his spirit 
 winged its flight to that great beyond, where the " wicked cease from troubling 
 and the weary are at rest." 
 
 Miss B. A. Oakley, dress-maker and milliner, Ypsilanti, established her dress- 
 making business in 1879, and during the fall of 1880 added a fine stock of millinery. 
 Miss Oakley has gained a large share of the public patronage since embarking in 
 business, all of which she fully deserves. 
 
 Dr. F. K. Owen, physician and surgeon, Ypsilanti, was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1843, and Is a son oi" James Owen, a farmer of that State. When but a lad, 
 Dr. Owen accompanied his parents to Missouri, where he was reared to manhood. 
 He received his education in a seminary at Albany, N.Y., and at the age of 20 
 years began the study of medicine. He graduated from the medical department 
 of the University of Michigan in 1873. He immediately began the practice of 
 his profession at Ypsilanti, and ranks among the most successful physicians of 
 that city. When the war broke out he enlisted in the three months' troops from 
 Missouri, and subsequently in the 11th Mo. Cav. He was afterward transferred 
 to the 6th Reg. Mo. Vol. Inf., and ultimately to the 43d Reg. Mo. Vol. Inf., 
 Harding's old regiment. He was taken prisoner at Glasgow, Mo., but paroled 
 the day following. He was honorably discharged at Benton Barracks, Mo., 
 June 3, 1865. In 1872 he married Georgiana Webb, of Pittsfield tp. Two 
 children have been born to them — Grace, who diedNov. 27, 1880, and Edward K. 
 T. G. Owen, capitalist, Ypsilanti, was born in Cattaraugus Co., N.Y., in 1846, and 
 a year later, his parents, B. F. and Abbie (Ward) Owen, removed to Michigan 
 and located at Newport. T. C. grew to manhood in St. Clair county, and when 
 a lad began his career on the waters. He worked as a sailor on the vessels of the 
 Northern lakes, and subsequently engaged extensivelj' in the lumber business. 
 In 1873 he purchased the Conklin (now Deubel's) Mills, of Ypsilanti, which he 
 controlled for three years. Soon after the panic of 1873 Mr. Owen invested a 
 large portion of his means in iron and rolling-mill stock, and its later increase in 
 prices added largely to his wealth. In 1879 he bought his present residence at 
 Ypsilanti. He married Anna S. Foot, a lady of fine musical talent. They have 
 3 children — 2 boys and 1 girl. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Parsons (deceased) was born in Vermont, A. D. 1836. There he was 
 educated chiefly and graduated from Folsom Commercial College, at Cleveland, 
 Ohio. He then went to Springfield, 111., and Norwalk, Ohio, where he established 
 business colleges. Later, he was a Professor in the commercial department of 
 Baldwin University, at Berea, Ohio. When the war broke out that department 
 was given up. In 186.5 he came to Ypsilanti, and engaged in the photograph 
 business, which he followed till his death in 1871. In 1859 he was married to 
 Miss Mary E. Jacobs, of Guilford, a daughter of a business man there. To them 
 were born 3 sons and 2 daughters, all of whom are living but 1 son. Since the 
 
1224 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OODNTT. 
 
 death of her husband, Mrs. Parsons has carried on the photograph business. The 
 work in the operating-room is done by an assistant, but the finishing and printing 
 she does herself. Her business has increased and been generallj' successful. 
 
 Philo Parsons, of the tp. of Ypsilanti, was born in Enfield tp., Hartford Co., 
 Conn., in 1807, the son of Roswell Parsons, a prominent business man of En- 
 field, where Philo received his education and lived until 1824. His father in 
 1824 moved to Utica, N.Y , where he remained one year and then came to Michi- 
 gan, and first settled at Mallet's Creek, Pittgfleld tp., afterward removing to Car- 
 penter's Corners, where he remained until 1870, when he removed to his present 
 place on sec. 18. In 1833, March 6, he was married to Sarah N. Baldwin, daughter 
 of Oliver Baldwin, of Meridian Springs, and the results of this alliance are 3 
 children — Agnes P., now wife of P. P. Chase; Sarah E., now Mrs. Geo. Thomp- 
 son, of Superior tp., and Boswell, a resident of Pittsfleld tp. 
 
 WilUnm Pattison, M. D., Ypsilanti, was born at Java, N. Y., Nov. 2, 1833. His 
 father, Dr. Samuel AVarren Pattison, was a practicing physician at Java for 
 59 years. His mother, Phrebe (Atwood) Pattison, was a lady of rare accomplish- 
 ments, and many graces of mind and person. Mr. Pattison attended Ypsilanti 
 Seminary; afterward took two courses of lectures in the University of Michigan, 
 and graduated from Hahnemann College, Chicago, in 1865. He at once entered 
 into partnership with his father, remaining as such for one 3fear. After 15 months' 
 practice at Racine, Wis., he returned to Ypsilanti, where he has built up a fine 
 business. In 1864 he went to Virginia, under the auspices of the Christian 
 Commission. He became a member of the Masonic fraternity in 1865, and is 
 connected with the Knights of Honor and the A. O. U. W. He is a " hard-shell " 
 Baptist and a Republican. He was married, Aug. 29, 1865, to Susan M. Lay, 
 daughter of Hon. E. D. Laj% of Ypsilanti. They have 3 children — Hattie At- 
 wood, Mira Melinda and William Dennison-. Dr. Pattison is a man of attractive 
 social qualities and genial manners. In conversation, he is ready in story or 
 repartee. 
 
 Frederic H. Pease, Professor of Music in State Normal School, Ypsilanti, was 
 born at Farmington, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Aug. 24, 1839, and is a -.son of P. P. 
 Pease, a pioneer of Ohio, and one of the founders of Oberlin College. His 
 mother, Ruth (Crocker) Pease, was the first white woman in Oberlin. Frederic 
 was the youngest of 7 children, and was educated at Oberlin College, where he 
 devoted much time to the cultivation and development of his musical talent, 
 and soon after was called to teach vocal music in the Ypsilanti Seminary. In 
 1863, after returning from a trip to Boston, he was called to fill the chair of vocal 
 music in the State Normal scho.^1, and commenced his duties Jan. 1, 1864, He 
 still holds this position. He was appointed organist of St. Luke's Episcopal 
 Church, at Ypsilanti, and in 1864, to the same position in the Congregational 
 Church, at Jackson, Mich., remaining as such for seven years; was tlien secured 
 by the Unitarian Church of Detroit, as their Director of Music, which position 
 he still occupies. Prof. Pease was the founder and first conducter of the Ypsi- 
 lanti Musical Union, which ranks second in the State. He is first joint author of 
 the "Glee Book," and sole author of the "Musical Lj-re," "The Crystal," and an 
 unpublished opera, entitled " Enoch Arden," besides numerous pieces of sheet 
 music, etc. He was married Nov. 7, 1859, to Josephine Dolson, a daughter of 
 Hon. Lemuel E. Dolson, of Detroit, one of the members of the first Michigan 
 Legislature, and an early pioneer of Wayne county. Mrs. Pease died Nov. 19, 
 1877, leaving 5 children— Jessie L., Maxwell L., Marshall Jewell, Freddie E., 
 and Ruth Crocker. 
 
 Thomas Phillips, of Ypsilanti tp., was born in Orange Co., N.Y., on the Hudson 
 river Aug. 1,1818, a son of Thos. Phillips, of Wayne county, a native of Belfast, 
 Ireland ; a brewer by trade. Thomas, jr., came to Michigan to live with an uncle, 
 John Phillips, a pioneer of this tp., who came to Michigan in 1824, a professional 
 farmer of the old country school, and from a capital of $500 amassed a fortune 
 from the proceeds of his farm. Thomas remained with his Uncle John 30 years, 
 and was married Oct. 15, 1863, to Catherine McKim, daughter of Geo. McKim, a 
 farmer and pioneer of Superior tp. ; deceased June 15, 1861. 
 
 "H^. iJ. P/u/itps (deceased) was born in Steuben Co., N.Y., iu 1815, where he 
 grew to manhood; he became a merchant and shipper, and proprietor of a large 
 tannery at Buffalo. In an earl}' day he came to Ypsilanti, and engaged in shipping 
 leather to the East. In 1837 he married Miss Olive, daughter of Josiah S. Weld, 
 a successful merchant. Mr. P. died in 1877, Of their 8 children, 6 are living, 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1225 
 
 1 of whom is William. He was born in Erie Co., N. Y., but grew to manhood 
 in Washtenaw county ; in earh- life he was a school-teacher ; in 1861 he enlisted in 
 the war, became Regimental Clerk, and Aug. 1, 1863, was promoted to Sergeant- 
 Major; in March, 1863, he was appointed 3d Lieutenant, but resigned June 4, 
 1863, on account of general disability ; returning home, he was soon appointed 
 Clerk of the Commissary Department, at Crab Orchard, Ky. ; a j'ear afterward 
 he became sutler in the 38th Mich. Inf. xVfter the war he kept 'a grocery and 
 attended farm in the oil regions of Penns^dvania ; returned to Ypsilauti and en- 
 gaged in the lumber trade, and subsequently at Kalamazoo, and then settled per- 
 manently at Ypsilanti. In 1880 he was appointed Deputy Marshal, under A' H. 
 Smith. Oct. 5, 1859, he married Caroline Artley, and they have had 4 children — 
 Willard A., James H., Don Carlos and Ernest C. 
 
 Daniel Pierce, sr., was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., in 1815, and was a son of 
 Samuel and Triphena Pierce. When 18 years of age Mr. Pierce's father removed 
 to Livingston county, where he operated a stage route and distillery for some 
 years. Daniel became an employe of the stage route, and subsequently owner. 
 In 1834 he married Rebecca Cutler, and five years later settled near Rawsonville, 
 Wa3me Co., Mich. He there erected a distillery, and in 1843 a saw-mill. He af- 
 terward exchanged the mill for his present farm of 146 acres. Mr. Pierce has 4 
 children — Dallas S., who married Lucy Pierce, and resides on the old homestead ; 
 Ellen, wife of Alonzo Ford ; Eva, wife of Edward Thorn, of Pittsfield tp., and 
 Charles D. Mr. Pierce is a Master Mason and is connected with Ypsilanti Lodge, 
 No. 138. 
 
 Ren. John D. Pierce, formerly of Ypsilanti, and for many years familiarly and 
 reverently called " Father " Pierce, by the teachers of Michigan, was born at 
 Chesterfield, New Hampshire, Feb. 18, 1797. His parents were Gad and Sarah 
 (Davis) Pierce. From the age of two years to 30, he lived with a paternal 
 uncle in Worcester, Massachusetts, receiving eight weeks of schooling each 
 year after he was old enough to attend school. When he was 30 his uncle gave 
 him his time. He then obtained employment as a farm laborer until he had saved 
 $100. With this sum and a like amount given him by his grandfather Pierce, 
 he started out to get an education. He walked 14 miles, Dec. 14, 1817, buy- 
 ing a Latin grammar on his way, and in the evening of the same day took his 
 first lesson in Latin under Rev. Enoch Pond, with whom he made his preparations 
 for college. He entered Brown University the following September, graduating 
 in 1833, in the first eight of a class of 36 ; he was Principal of Wrenthan Academy, 
 in Massachusetts, in 1833 ; same year, entered Princeton Theological Seminary ; 
 after one year was licensed to preach by the Congregational Association', and 
 given a Church in Oneida Co., N, Y. ; in 1831 visited Marshall, Mich., as a mis- 
 sionary, and the following autumn brought his family out; on July 36, 1836, was 
 appointed Superintendent of Public Instruction of Michigan, being the first to 
 fill that position in the " Wolverine PState." He organized the primary-school 
 system and the plan for the State University, which was adopted by the State Leg- 
 islature in 1837. He continued in office five years, and then returned to his 
 missionary labors; in 1847 was elected to State Legislature. As chairman of the 
 committee on Federal Relations in the House of Representatives, he introduced and 
 succeeded in carrying a resolution instructing the Michigan delegates in the Na- 
 tional Congi'ess to oppose the introduction of slavery into the Territories. At this 
 session, too, he proposed and carried the homestead exemption law — the first law 
 of this kind ever enacted in the United States. In 1853 he delivered the address 
 at the opening of the Normal School at Ypsilanti. Mr. Pierce was thrice mar- 
 ried. His present wife was Harriet B. Read. 
 
 Dr. Juitin E. Post, M. D., was born at Saline, Mich., Sept. 10, 1854. His par- 
 ents are David and Eliza (Downing) Post, the former of whom came to Ypsilanti 
 in 1859, and is at present a successful practitioner of that city. Justin was edu- 
 cated in the Union and Normal schools of Ypsilanti, and at the age of 18 years 
 entered the medical department of the University of Michigan, fi-om which he 
 graduated in 1876. He also took a course in dentistry, in the same institution. 
 He located at Ypsilanti, where he is doing a good business. He was married in 
 1878 to Addie Perhamus, of Ypsilanti. Mr. Post is a member of the A. O. U. W., 
 in which body he acts as medical examiner. 
 
 D. P. Potter is a native of Rutland Co., Vt., where he was born in 1816. His 
 father. Homer Potter, was a Captain during the Revolutionary war, and married 
 Ruth Woodruff, of Kinmoudi, Vt. She was a daughter of Oliver and ■'•'avail (Po;-- 
 
1226 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 ter) Woodruff, the latter of -whom was a daughter of the renowned Commodore 
 Porter. When the subject of this sketch was 13 years of age, his parents died, 
 and pursuant tothe laws of Vermont he was taken in charge by the selectmen 
 of the village, with whom he remained four years. He then shipped on board 
 the New York, of Cedar Point, a coasting vessel. After some time on the 
 waters, he located in Massachusetts, where he was engaged in the manufacture 
 of woolen goods until 1842, when he settled at Monroe, Mich. In 1853 he located 
 at Chicago, and subsequently at Fayette, Iowa. He had learned the stone-rnason's 
 trade, and after settling at Ypsilanti found plenty of work. He was united in 
 marriage Oct. 16, 1845, to Laurena Spaulding, of Milan, Mich., daughter of 
 John and Anna (Kingsley) Spaulding, of Fort Ann, N. Y. They have 2 children 
 —Sarah, wife of Lemuel Tell, of Detroit; and Horace, who married 
 Fanny E. Beers, of Pittsburg, and is traveling agent for the Penn. R'y Co. 
 
 Prof. R. W. Ptitnam, Principal of the Ypsilanti public schools, was born at 
 Lowell, Mass., June 8, 1837. His father was John Putnam, a native of New Hamp- 
 shire, and a mechanic. He died in 1868. Mr. Putnam received his early educa- 
 tion in the schools of his native place, and subsequently took a course of study at 
 the Lawrence, Mass., high school. In 1872 he came to Michigan, removing his 
 family here the following year. He was in the employ of Brewer & Tileston, pub- 
 lishers of Worcester's Dictionary, as traveling agent, until 1879, when, upon an in- 
 vitation from the School Board of Ypsilanti, he assumed control of the schools of 
 that city, which position he still occupies. He was married in 1863, to Julia A. 
 Bagley, a native of Vermont. They have 4 children— Ritchie R., Kirk M., 
 Virgil R. and Beulah. 
 
 Samuel Seed (deceased) was a native of Ontario Co., N. Y., where he passed 
 his youth, and then married Aphia Hubbell. In 1834 he settled in Ypsilanti tp., 
 where he purchased 240 acres of land now owned by his son, Nathan. The farm 
 was heavily timbered, and Mr. Reed there passed the remainder of his life. He 
 died in 1850, and was laid at rest in Stony Creek cemetery. Mrs. Reed had de- 
 parted this life some time previous. Seven children survive this union. One son, 
 Nathan, was born in Syracuse, N. Y., in 1819, and in 1842 was married to Mary 
 Wilbur, a daughter of Richard Wilbur. They have 3 children living — Albert, 
 who married Julia Phelps, and resides at Jackson, was a soldier in the 20th Reg. 
 Mich. Vol. Inf. ; Arthur, who married Mary Lambum, and Harry, the husband of 
 Anna Olds, of Ypsilanti. Mrs. Reed died' in 1858, and in 1862 Mr. Reed married 
 Mrs. Jane Beach, relict of Russell Beach (deceased), and daughter of Edgar Chees- 
 borough, a pioneer of Calhoun Co., Mich. 
 
 Francu K. Rexford, M. I)., of Ypsilanti, was born in Smyrna, Chenango Co., N. 
 Y., Aug. 17, 1814. His parents were Simeon and Millie (Carver) Bexford. He re- 
 maine'd on the farm till he was 18 years of age, when he began a course of study 
 which he followed in the select schools, there being no higher schools near. In 1833 
 he began the study of medicine, and in 1837 graduated at Fairfield (N. Y.) Medi- 
 cal College. In the same year he located at Ypsilanti and began to practice 
 medicine, which he followed until 1850. He then entered into partnership with Benja- 
 min FoUett, and opened a store on Cross street. In 1854 he began business alone 
 at his present location, where he has since remained. From 1845 to 1849, under the 
 administration of James K. Polk, Dr. Rexford was Postmaster of this city. He has 
 also held a number of offices in this city. In March, 1837, he was married to Miss 
 Harriet N. Long, of Sherburne, Chenango Co., N. Y. In the educational advance- 
 ment of Ypsilanti, Dr. Rexford has done much as a Director of Schools, in this 
 direction. Among the moving spirits in the city's advancement he has always 
 been found ready and willing to lend his aid. 
 
 Henry Richards, stock-broker, Ypsilanti, was born at Cornwall, England, Dec. 2, 
 1821, a son of William and Elizabeth Richards. In 1842 Mr. Richards crossed 
 the ocean, and traveled extensively among the lead, copper and gold mines of the 
 United States. He was engaged in copper mining in the Lake Superior region for 
 over 15 years. He was a grocer at Bay City, Mich., for some years, and in 1874 
 located at Ypsilanti. In 1847 he married Fanny Burroughs, a native of England, 
 who died in 1859. In 1863 he was united in marriage to Mary E. Rorison, a 
 daughter of D. B. Rorison. They have 4 children —Louise S., Carrie A., Mary E. 
 and Jennie. 
 
 William Robbins, mercha.nt, Ypsil&nti, was born in Augusta tp., Washtenaw 
 county, in 1837. His father, James Robbins, came to Michigan in 1880. Mr. 
 Bobbins began his mercantile career at the age of 17 years. He was engaged 
 

 ^«f^^*^" " 
 
 
 ^'^Mf <^" ,'S'3-'-^ T 
 
 
 (^jcuO. /^ -^^ 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1229 
 
 •with A. S. Clark & Co., of Ypsilanti, for one year, and with Robert Lambie for 
 25 years, owning a part interest in the latter store for a good portion of the time. 
 In 1873 he became engaged in his present business. He was married at Joliet, Ills., 
 on Christmas Day, 1862, to Came McElcheran. They have 3 children— Fred, Max, 
 and Jessie. Mr. Robbins is a member of the M. E. Church, of which body he is a 
 Trustee; is a member of the Fire Department; was Alderman several times; is a 
 member of the A. O. U. W., and was Treasurer of the lodge for some time. 
 
 Lawson Rogers (deceased) was born in 1824, Nov. 15, in Seneca county, N.Y., 
 was a son of Andrew Rogers, a farmer of that county, who moved to Washtenaw 
 county in 1834, and settled in Augusta tp., where he died in 1866. Lawson rec.-ived 
 his education in the district school at home, and married Lucinda Aber, daughter 
 of Aaron Aber, who came to Michigan in 1836, and also settled in Augusta tp. Mr. 
 Rogers purchased 138 acres of land on sec. 7, where Mrs. R. and her 2 sons, Chas. 
 T. and Chester E.. and 1 daughter, Grace G., now live. 
 
 Simeon G. Rowley, Ypsilanti, is a native of New York, and was born in Yates 
 county, A. D. 1818. He is a son of Roderick and Lucinda (Pierce) Rowley. His 
 father was a native of Connecticut, who moved into Yates county, N. Y., at an 
 early date, and engaged in farming. The subject of this sketch was partially 
 educated in his native county. In 1831 his parents and family came to this county 
 and located on land in sec. 36, of the town of Pittsfleld. In that town, and at 
 Ypsilanti, Mr. Rowley completed his education. When his father came here he 
 built a log house and began the clearing and improving of his land. On that place 
 he lived until 1858, when he and his wife went to Kent county to live with a 
 daughter. In 1859 Mrs. Rowley died, and her death was followed by the death of 
 Mr. 'Rowley in 1861. Until 1861 Mr. S. G. Rowley lived at the old homestead. In 
 that year he purchased the property in this city, on Chicago avenue, where B. J. 
 Woodruff formerly lived. Mr. Woodruff bought this place when the turnpike 
 from Detroit to Chicago was surveyed, and there built a house. There are yet 
 apple-trees standing which he set out 50 years ago, and they still bear fruit. Since 
 coming to this city Mr. Rowley has been a dealer in grain and farm produce, in 
 which he has done a large business. In 1843 he was married to Miss Maria C. 
 Macy, daughter of Captain Robert R. Macy, who came to this township in 1836. 
 Mr. Macy had been a sea captain for over 30 years. This family dates back to 
 Thomas Macy, who came to America in 1635, but 15 years after the landing of the 
 Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock. Owing to religious bigotry, which he could not 
 endure, Mr. Macy and nine others, in 1659, purchased from New York the island 
 of Nantucket. Prom Thomas Macy sprang the family of that name in this country. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Rowley have been born a son and daughter. The son was born in 
 1850, and is now in business at Kalamazoo. The daughter was married in 1876 to 
 Wallace Welch, Of Pittsfleld, and in the same year she died. Mr. Rowley is a member 
 of Wyandotte Lodge I. O. O. P. of this city, and of Washtenaw Encampment No. 7, 
 at Ann Arbor. The town of Pittsfleld received its name from Mr. Rowley's father, 
 who suggested the name "Pitt," after the celebrated statesman, and this was sub- 
 sequently changed to its present name. In that town S. G. Rowley held a number 
 of oflices. Since coming here he has represented the flrst ward of this city as Al- 
 derman. He was formerly Whig, but in 1854 united with the new party and since 
 then has been a Republican. 
 
 Samuel BiUhruff (decensed) was born in Pennsylvania about 1805; moved t9 
 New York State at an early day and settled in Seneca county, where he followed 
 agricultural pursuits many years and there married Miss Susannah Frain ; about 
 1840 he came West and settled in Superior tp., this county, where he bought 80 
 acres of land, and about the same time also purchased a claim in Ypsilanti tp. In 
 1861 he moved to Ann Arbor and bought an 80 in that tp. He died at Ann Arbor 
 September, 1878 ; the remains of himself and wife, who died in 1850, are buried in 
 Superior tp. Twelve children were born to them, namely : Henry, Samuel, Daniel, 
 William, Harrison, ISlaxy, Harriet (deceased), Edwin (a soldier in the late war), 
 Chester, George, John (also a soldier), Sarah and Arthur. Harrison, from whom 
 this sketch is obtained, was born in Seneca county in 1832, but grew to manhood 
 in this coimty. In 1859 he was married to Miss Mary J., a daughter of David 
 Savage, a Washtenaw pioneer, and 6 children were born to them — Lewis E., Har- 
 riet, Ida E. , "Viola, Charles S. ahd Mary. Mr. R. is a property owner in this 
 township. 
 
 /. F. Sanders, clothing merchant, Ypsilanti, was born at Lawrence, Schuyler 
 Co., N. Y., April 25, 1840. His father, James Sanders, was a farmer, and died in 
 71 
 
1230 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 1843. His mother married a Mr. Garretson, and in 1846 removed to Michigan, 
 settling at Flat Rock. Wayne county, where J. F. obtained his education. At 
 the age of 17 3rears he came to Ypsilanti, and entered the employ of W. W. 
 Wicker, a grocer, where he remained for some time. In 1868 he, in company 
 with Clark S. Worlley, purchased of his employer, S. Hesslein, his stock of 
 clothing and furnishing goods, and they continued under the firm name of San- 
 ders & Worlley, until 1872, when Mr. Wortley retired from the firm. Mr. San- 
 ders' trade increased so rapidly that in 1879 he erected a large three-story brick 
 building, on the corner of Congress and Washington streets, where he now car- 
 ries on his trade. He married Caroline Huckley, of Pittsfield tp., and 2 children 
 have been given them — Susie and Carrie. 
 
 Loremn Seaman, farmer, sec. 2.5, was born at Rutland Co., Vermont, in 1814. 
 He was married in his native county to Elizabeth Phillips, daughter of Josiah 
 Phillips, a native of Vermont. Of the 8 children born to this union, 7 are living 
 — Priscilla, Adelaide, Ceylon, Josiah, Julius, Henry and Charles. Mrs. Seaman 
 died in 1862, and a j^ear later Mr. S. married Theresa, daughter of Luman Pot- 
 ter, of Clarendon, Conn. Four children w ere given to this marriage — Cora, Lo- 
 renzo, Hattie and Daisy. In 1867 Mr. Seaman settled upon his present farm, 
 which comprises 62 acres. He also owns 20 acres of land in Wayne county. Mr. 
 Seaman has in his possession '■ gi-andfatlier's old arm chair," whose existence 
 dates back into the 17th century. 
 
 James F. Seeley was born in Mt. Hope, Orange Co., N. Y., July 18, 1819. He 
 is a son of Holly and Elizabeth (Moore) Seeley. His father was a currier and 
 tanner by trade, and James during his j'outh was employed at the samfe occupa- 
 tion. At 18 years of age he went to Cortland Co., N. Y., remaining there six 
 months, and from there came to Michigan, arriving here Jan. 14, 1839. He spent 
 about 18 months on the " Campfleld farm," Pittsfield township, and subsequently 
 passed the same length of time in Erie, Pa., while there working at his trade. 
 He returned to Michigan in November, 1842, and in the spring of 1843 began to 
 make leather in the township of York. He remained there till April, 1853, 
 engaged in making leather and in farming. Afterward he located in Saline, 
 and built a tannery there, remaining until 1868. His next remove was to Ypsi- 
 lanti, where he bought a comfortable mansion on Washington street, and has 
 since lived in retirement, devoting his time to the management of his estate. In 
 1846 Mr. Seeley was married to Lydia Ann Judd, of York tp. They have 1 
 child, Amanda E., who is the wife of Herbert Sweet, a prominent merchant of 
 Ypsilanti. 
 
 Albert Seymour, salesman, was born in New York in 1827. He grew to man- 
 hood in Cayuga county, where he learned the trades of a joiner and millwright. 
 He was married in Monroe Co., N. Y., to Elizabeth Yates, and in 1858 located in 
 Ypsilanti, Mich., where for many years he worked at his trade. In 1863 he 
 engaged in his present business, and enjoys a good trade through the southern 
 tier of counties of this State. 
 
 Zaehariah Shaw (deceased) was born in New York in 1802. During early life 
 he followed teaming, but in 1862 settled at Ypsilanti, and erected a lime-kiln, 
 which he labored at successfully, with one exception, up to the time of his death, 
 which occurred in 1878. Mrs. Shaw is still living. She was the mother of 12 
 children, 1 of whom, Spencer, i,s now the owner of the above mentioned lime- 
 kiln. He was born in Ne^^- York in 1825, and since 1836 he has resided at Monroe 
 aiid Ypsilanti, owning 120 acres of good land near the former place. Mr. Shaw 
 is doing a remunerative business at Ypsilanti, and in 1880 burned 27,000 bushels 
 of lime. He married Elizabath H. Coe, of New York, and 10 children were born 
 to them, 7 of whom are living. 
 
 Lewis Sherwood, farmer, sec. 1, Ypsilanti tp., was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., 
 in 1804. There he was educated and reared on the farm of his father. In 1830 
 he went to Saratoga county, and eng:aged in farming, but remained only three 
 years. He then removed to Rochester, and engaged in boating on the Erie canal 
 which he followed until 1847. The following year he was in the livery business, 
 and in 1848 he engaged in the commission and forwarding business, which he fol- 
 lowed until 1859. In 1860 he came to the citj' of Ypsilanti, and engaged m the 
 commission business. In 1863 he was appointed gatekeeper on the Detroit and 
 Saline gravel toll road, where he has since remained. Mr. Sherwood is also 
 lai-gely interested in the breeding of fine horses. In 1876 he received the contract 
 for carrying the mail from Ypsilanti to Belleville, which he held four years. He 
 
YPSILAKTI TOWNSHIP. 1231 
 
 tas also been four years in Ypsilanli tp. In 1856 he was married to Clarissa M. 
 Howley, of Rochester, N. Y . 
 
 M. L. Shutts, insurance agent, Ypsilanti, was l)orn in Seneca Co., N. Y., in 
 1814, son of Jasper and Elizabeth (Laraway) Shutts. When 19 years of age he 
 left New York and settled in Wayne Co., Mich., where he was engaged in agri- 
 cultural pursuits. In 1857 Mr. Shutts located at Ypsilanti and subsequently be- 
 came a merchant and dealer in wool. In 1877 he entered into his present busi- 
 ness, and represents some of the best companies extant. He was married at 
 Plymouth, Wayne Co., Mich., in 1835 to Anna Keiiyon. Mrs. Shutts died in 1837. 
 In 1840 he was united in marriage to Mary A. Vinton. 
 
 Gilbert M. Smith, of the firm of Collins & Smith, retail dealers in wines, liquors 
 and cigars, Arcade Block, Ypsilanti, was born near Goshen, Indiana, in 1838. 
 While yet a lad he removed to Ypsilanti, and was employed as clerk by Joseph 
 Martin. When the war broke out, he enlisted in Co. A, 1st Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., 
 for a three years' service. He participated in several serious engagements, and was 
 honorably discharged at Jackson, Mich., in 1865. In 1874 he was united in marriage 
 to Minerva J. Weatherby. 
 
 /. Evarts Smith, farmer, was born in Vermont, in 1839. When 31 years of age, 
 he removed to Essex Co., N. Y., where he purchased 100 acres of land. He then 
 removed to Iowa, where he was engaged in sheep-raising for one year. At the ex- 
 piration of that time he located at Vpsilanti, where he owns 190 acres of choice land, 
 and deals largely in sheep. Mr. Smith is Justice of the Peace of Ypsilanti. He was 
 married in Vermont in 1833, to Rosina Chatterton, of Rutland, Vt. Three children 
 were born to this marriage — Frank, Arthur, and an infant. Mrs. Smith died, and 
 Mr. S. married Martha Brown, of Clarendon, Vt., who has borne him 1 child, 
 William. 
 
 Capt. Clinton Spencer, son of Grove Spencer (deceased), who came to Ypsilanti 
 in 1837, was bom in Ypsilanti tp., Jan. 31, 1840. His father was the first law prac- 
 tioner in Ypsilanti; but, on account of ill health, was forced to abandon his pro- 
 fession, and removed to Superior tp., where at the time of his death he owned 700 
 acres, on sees. 3 and 11. He gave $500 to secure the location of the State Nor- 
 mal School at Ypsilanti. He died Aug. 38, 1854; his widow still survives. CUnton 
 Spencer was educated at the Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor schools, and at the outbreak 
 of the civil war he enlisted in the Union army as a private, and received the com- 
 mission of Captain. After the war he was elected Register of Deeds, of this 
 county, and re-elected in 1868. He was appointed Postmaster at Ypsilanti in 1871 , 
 and still holds that position. He was married Aug. 11, 1863, to Mary Wilson, 
 daughter of Rev. J. A. Wilson, rectorof St. Luke's Episcopal Church, at Ypsilanti. 
 They have 4 children — Olive, Zayde, Norman and Clinton J. 
 
 Hon. Grcme Spencer (deceased), a well-known lawyer of this county, was born 
 in Massachusetts in 1803. He studied law, and subsequently graduated from a 
 famous institution of learning in his native State. He was admited to the Bar, 
 and after removal to Ypsilanti practiced his profession a number of years 
 as a partner of Judge Skinner (deceased). Owing to ill health, and in the midst of 
 a lucrative business, he was compelled to abandon his practice, and seek a more 
 healthful kind of labor. He therefore bought farm property, and turned his atten- 
 tions to agricultural pursuits. He served the people in several local offices, and 
 ultimately represented Washtenaw county in the State Legislature. In 1835, he 
 married Emily Millington, a daughter of Dr. Millington, who settled in this 
 county as early as 1826. Eight children were born to them, 7 of whom survive — 
 Burk, living on the old homestead ; Clinton, Postmaster of Ypsilanti ; Emmons, a 
 resident of California; Lydia, who lives in this county; Grove, residing in Ypsi- 
 lanti ; and Wright and Daniel, who are citizens of Kansas. Mr. Spencer died in 
 1855, leaving to the care of his wife and children, a valuable farm comprising 560 
 acres. 
 
 John Starkweather, capitalist, Ypsilanti, was born in Rensselaer county, N. 
 Y., in 1807. He was reared in Seneca and Cortland counties, of his native State. 
 His father, Capt. Donald Starkweather, obtained his military title by gallantry in 
 the war of 1813. He was well known throughout the East in connection with 
 ship-building and millwrighting interests. He erected the first mill — called the 
 " old Miner's mill" — at Seneca Falls, N. Y. He had the honor of building the first 
 boat to run on the famous Erie canal. He married Fanny Godfrey, a native of 
 Rhode Island. Fourteen children were born to them, of whom John, the subject 
 of this sketch, is the only male survivor. He received a very liberal education. 
 
1232 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and in 1836 removed to Michigan, locating at Detroit. He entered the U. 8. land 
 office, through the influence of Major Biddle. In 1839 he was united in marriage 
 to Mary Ann Newberry, daughter of Elihu Newberry, a retired merchant and 
 farmer, and a sister of John S. Newberry, Michigan's famous Congressman. Mr 
 Starkweather was appointed by Gov. Mason, as Assistant Superintendent of Pub- 
 lic Instruction, under the Superintendent, John D. Pierce. Owing to ill-health, 
 he located in Ypsilanti, where he rested from manual labors, but he has been act- 
 ively engaged iu business. He bought 160 acres of land near Ypsilanti, and 
 since then has been a large speculator in real estate. He owns about 400 acres, 
 valued at $100 per acre. The prompt payment of the war debt of Ypsilanti was 
 mainly brought about by the influence of Mr. Starkweather and E. D. Lay, the 
 present President of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County. 
 
 /. J. Stephenson, photographist, Ypsilanti, was born in Wayne Co., Mich., A. D. 
 1847. He was educated in the schools of that county and spent a short time at 
 Ypsilanti. In 1869 he began to learn the business of photography at Jackson. He 
 soon after started a gallery at Chelsea which he soon sold. In 1870 he came to this 
 city and worked for E. P. Baker until 1872, when he purchased an interest in the 
 business. In 1876 he purchased the entire business, and since then has carried it 
 on. Mr. S. is a member of the A. O. U. W. of this city. In 1871 was married to 
 Miss Bessie Frazier of Ypsilanti, a daughter of Hugh and Martha Frazier, of 
 Huron county, Canada. 
 
 John Stockdale (deceased) was a pioneer of Washtenaw county. He was born 
 in Yorkshire, Eng., in 1786. He learned the carpenter's trade when young, and 
 in 1831 came to America, locating at Ypsilanti the following year. He erected 
 many of the early buildings in the latter place, and departed this life in Ypsilanti 
 tp. in 1863. He was thrice married. Two children were born to the first union, 
 4 to the second, and 2 to the third. Joseph Stockdale was born to the second 
 union. He accompanied his parents to America, and in his adopted country 
 learned the wagon-maker's trade. He was a successful manufacturer of Ypsilanti. 
 for 21 years, and iu 1857 purchased his present farm, comprising 158 acres, erect- 
 ing thereon a handsome residence during 1878. In 1859 he married Harriet 
 Williams, daughter of S. M. Williams, of Vermont. They have 5 children — 
 Wealthy, Walter, Albert, Henry and Frank. I 
 
 James Suggitt (deceased) was born in Yorkshire, Eng., in 1804, and passed his 
 early life on a farm. He was married at Hemphone, England, to Sarah, daughter 
 of William and Ellen Wilds, and soon after came to America, locating at Canton, 
 Wayne Co., Mich., where he bought 80 acres of heavily timbered land. He 
 remained there 11 years, sold his farm, and removed to Ypsilanti, where he died, 
 Feb. 23, 1880. He was buried in the Ypsilanti cemetery. Two children born to 
 this marriage are living — Mrs. Amarine and Mrs. Palmer, both residents of .Can- 
 ton, Mich. 
 
 Sweet Brothers, manufacturers of sash, doors and blinds, Ypsilanti. 
 
 Charles I. Sweet, of the firm of Sweet Bros., manufacturers of sash, doors and 
 blinds, Ypsilanti, was born in New York, and is a son of William Sweet, of Seneca 
 Co., N. Y., and came with his parents to Michigan in 1867. He devoted a share of ' 
 his time to school-teaching, and the remainder to study, until he completed his 
 studies at the Ypsilanti Seminary in 1869. The same year the firm of Sweet & 
 Henderson was formed, with Charles I. as the Junior partner. Mr. Henderson re- 
 mained in the firm until March, 1880, when Eugene M., a brother of Charles I., pur- 
 chased his interest, and the firm has since been Sweet Bros. Mr. Sweet was married 
 Aug. 24, 1876, to Eliza M. Everetts, of Watkins, N. Y. They have 2 sons, Willie 
 and Bert. 
 
 Eugene M. was married Sept. 29, 1880, to Ella A. Foster, of Ypsilanti. 
 
 Herbert Sweet, merchant, Ypsilanti, was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1847. His 
 parents, John M. and Mary (Ward) Sweet, came to Michigan in 1863, and located in 
 Pittsfield tp. At the age of 20 years, Mr. Sweet entered the employ of the Farmers' 
 and Traders' Association, where he remained as a clerk for two years. He was em- 
 ployed by Henderson & Glover, of Ypsilanti, three years. In 1873 he formed a co- 
 partnership with William Bobbins in the dry-goods business, and the firm is having a 
 good trade. Mr. Sweet was married in 1872 to Amanda Seeley, of Ypsilanti. They 
 have 1 son, Charles Seeley. Mr. Sweet is a member of the Baptist Church, and 
 has been Superintendent of its Sunday-school for five years. He is a member of 
 the A. O. U. W. 
 
rPi^ILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1233 
 
 A. A. Sweeting, M. D. (deceased) was born in New York, and received a good 
 medical education at Clinton, Hamilton Co., N. Y. He practiced his profession in 
 the East for several years, and in 1836 came to Woodruff's Grove, Washtenaw Co., 
 Mich., where he remained but a short time, and subsequently owned property in 
 Ypsilanti city, and Superior tp. While a resident of the latter place (in 1843) he 
 sustained severe injuries, from which he died the same year. He was married in the 
 East to Lucretia Warren, a native of Connecticut. One son, A. A., jr., was born in 
 Oneida Co., N. Y.,and was a soldier in the Mexican war. He died in the service. An 
 older son, B. T., was bom in 1824, and grew to manhood in the county, where he 
 has since resided, engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1868 he married Sarah Bent- 
 ley, of Superior tp. Tfliey have 2 children — May and Alta. 
 
 Benjamin Thempson, was born in New York State, May 17, 1805, and became one 
 of the first settlers in Ypsilanti. June 30, 1830, he married Mercy S. Emerson, and 
 they have had 5 children, only 1 of whom is living, the next mentioned. For 
 25 years Mr. Thompson followed millwrighting, and owned a large carriage manu- 
 factory. ' 
 
 O. E. Thompson, son of the preceding, house, sign and carriage painter, and dealer 
 in agricultural implements in Ypsilanti. He commenced in 1856 as an humble 
 manufacturer of wagons, and in a few years had quite a corps of workmen in his 
 employ. In 1870 he began to make carriages, and purchased the corner building 
 where he is now located. He made his start as a dealer in 1871, when he began to 
 sell the Jackson wagons, made by Tomlinson & Webster ; in 1873 he became a 
 regular dealer in agricultural implements, and he now controls the trade in his line 
 of business. He has prospered and accumulated considerable property. In August, 
 1880, Mr. Thompson patented a grass-seed sower, which in a short time proved to 
 he superior to any of the older sowers in vogue. This year he will manufacture 
 over 500 of these useful machines. Besides the above business, he annually dis- 
 poses of more than $1,000 worth of variegated pattern wall-paper. 
 
 James Thorn, farmer, Ypsilanti tp., was born in Bucks Co., Pa., in 1794, and in 
 his youth removed to Seneca Co., N. Y., where he learned the potter's trade. In 
 1835 he located in Monroe Co., Mich., where he bought 160 acres of Government 
 land, the greater part of it being heavily timbered, and through industry and econ- 
 omy became comfortably situated in life. He was married in New York to 
 Anna .Chamberlin, who bore him 6 children, 1 of whom, L. E . C, is the only 
 one residing in this township. He was born in New York in 1830, and in 1840 
 located in Washtenaw county. He is a millwright by trade, and built the Sin- 
 clair Mills, at Ann Arbor, and others throughout the State. In 18.50 he bought 
 105 acres of land in Ypsilanti tp., and has increased his farm to 145 acres. He 
 was married Feb. 7, 1843, to Mary Chamberlain. They have 6 children — Martin 
 C, James W., William, Mary C, Edgar W. and Walter D. 
 
 Mrs. Thorn's parents. Wells Chamberlin and wife — who started from Living- 
 .ston county, N.Y., in the spring of 1831, in company with his father-in-law, John 
 Marvin, one daughter, two sons, and tliree others, 13 in all — came to Buffalo with 
 atwo-horse wagon, then by steamer to Detroit. They embarked at night, a storm 
 arose, and morning found the vessel heading back for Buffalo instead of Detroit; 
 they put in at Dunkirk. In crossing the Maumee swamps a dreadful rain-storm 
 prevailed and the young men had to take oif their overcoats wherewith to protect 
 the children. They came to a house occupied by a woman and two small chil- 
 dren, with no provisions, the man of the house being off a-fishing ; the place was 
 also flooded with water, and the emigrant party had to build a Isridge in front of 
 the house so that the women and children could get to it. Mrs. Thorn's motlier 
 divided her own lunch with these poor children. On arriving at Maumee, Mr. 
 Chamberlin looked up the impi'ovident fishing husband and sent him home. 
 The whole party forded the Maumee river. Here they found a tavern, where 
 they partly dried their clothing and bedding, and slept on their beds on the floor. 
 
 Of this party Mrs. Thorn is the only one living, unless it be some of the hired 
 help they had along with them. After remaining at Toledo about two weeks 
 they went on to Detroit, and after a short time to this county, settling about three 
 •miles west of Ypsilanti, Pittsfield tp. 
 
 Mr. Thorn's son, Martin C.,served in the last war, participating in the battles of 
 South Mountain and Antietam within two weeks after enlistment. He enlisted 
 Aug. 9, 1863, in Co. E, 17th Mich. Inf., and was honorably discharged in June, 1865, 
 at Detroit, having served in many battles. 
 
1234 HI8T0KT OF 'WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Albert Todd, retired farmer, Ypsilanti, was born in Monroe county, N. Y., and 
 ■was a son of Wright and Betsy (Denike) Todd. When 23 years of age Mr. Todd 
 began farming on his own account in his native State, and three years after removed 
 to Washtenaw county, Mich., locating in Superior tp., where he bought 240 acres 
 of land, and has erected thereon a substantial residence. He was married in 1823 
 to Esther A. Jacokes, a native of Rochester, N. Y. She bore him 2 children — 
 Orrin, who resides on the farm, and Etta, who lives at Ypsilanti. Mrs. Todd died 
 in 1873, and in 1875 Mr. Todd married Adele Jacokes, of Ypsilanti. In 1869, 
 Mr. Todd bought property in Ypsilanti, where he has since lived. 
 
 C. L. T'uttle (deceased) was bom in Pennsylvania in June. 1801. He settled in 
 Ypsilanti tp. in 1828, where Nelson V., his son, was born in 1833. The latter, 
 Aug. 17, 1862, enlisted in Co. B, 4th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and under command of 
 Capt. Gray, of Detroit, proceeded to the front. After a three years' service, ho was 
 honorably discharged, and returned to this county. He is a farmer, and resides 
 on the old homestead. He married Mary J. Openo, who died in 1877, leaving 2 
 children— Henrietta R. and Guy. In Juiy, 1879, Mr. T. married Clara Boutell, a 
 daughter of Hiram and Mary Boutell. They have 1 child, Mary. 
 
 Hiram Tuttle was born in Tioga county. Pa., April 3, 1797. Early in life he 
 found employment as a teamster; he moved from Pennsylvania to Ohio, a;Dd set- 
 tled in the near vicinity of Sandusky, where he assisted in the erection of the 
 first wharf in Sandusky city. He was married while residing near Sandusky, to 
 Miss Anna Crane, a daughter of Benjamin Crane, who aftei-ward moved to Wash- 
 tenaw and lived near Saline. It is authoritatively stated that Mr. Tuttle and 
 Benjamin Woodruff were among the first settlers of this county. Buring the 
 autumn of 1824 he bought land, now in possession of heirs to the estate. It was 
 purchased from the Government, the deed bearing the signature of President 
 Monroe. Erecting a log house, he began the founding of a Western home. The 
 Indian tribes then were numerous in Southern Michigan, were quite friendly 
 and mingled freely with the whites. On one occasion a squaw traded an old flint 
 musket for a peck of corn, of which Mr. T. was sole proprietor. He died after a 
 long and useful life, in 1862, and seven years later occurred the death of his 
 heroic companion, who had shared with him the hardships of pioneer times. 
 Five children survive them — Burton, who married Caroline Stokes ; Chris, ,who is a 
 resident of this county ; also Hiram, a merchant, and John from whom this sketch 
 is obtained, who married Maria Cannon, a daughter of Josiah Cannon, of New 
 York State. Three children were born to the subject of this sketcli^Emma, 
 Carrie and Hiram. Mr. Tuttle is a farmer of means, owning 80 acres of land 
 where he now resides, and is one of the heirs to his father's estate, consisting of 
 248 acres. Anna Tuttle, sister of above, was united in mai-riage to William Ort. 
 
 Loyal Tuttle (deceased) was a native of Pennsylvania, where he was born in 
 1801, and grew to mature years. In 1825 he moved from Bradford, Pa., to this 
 county, and settled in Ypsilanti tp., where for a time he worked energetically in 
 the clearing of land. In 1838 he married Rachel Huff, a daughter of David and 
 Rachel Huff, who settled ia Washtenaw county as early as 1826, and were well 
 and favorably known to the pioneers in this section. In 1829 Mr. Tuttle bought 
 his first farm land, consisting of 80 acres, situated in Sheldon, Wayne Co., which 
 was shortly afterward exchanged for valuable farm land in this tp. The family 
 moved into a log cabin of the usual description, where they lived for a number of 
 years. They now have a more comfortable residence and a valuable farm of 300 
 acres. There are 8 children— Lucius, who resides upon the homestead; Nelson, 
 Julia M., Joseph K., Emma S., Lucy A., John C. and Mary E. ; Marv L. died 
 Aug. 20, 1851, and Ira B., Aug. 11, 1861. Ira enlisted in the 1st Mich. Inf., 
 and died from the effects of cannon-ball concussion at Bull Run. John was , 
 also a soldier in the late war. The ancestry of the Tuttle family, who have many 
 interesting relics in their possession, is traced back to the year 1635. Mrs. Tuttle 
 is comfortably situated in life. 
 
 John W. Van Gleve, Ypsilanti, was born at Princeton, N. J., A. D. 1812. His 
 father, John Van Cleve, was a physician there. At Princeton, Mr. Van Cleve 
 was educated and passed the first 15 years of his life. In 1826 his father died, 
 and in 1828 he went to Dayton, Ohio, where he was in the store of an uncle about 
 three years. He then went to Philadelphia, where, until 1833, he clerked in a 
 store. From there he went to New York city, where he was likewise employed 
 until 1837. He then came to this city and at once embarked in general mercan- 
 il e business, at the same time having charge of a milling business here. In 
 
YPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1235 
 
 1850 lie sold his business and engaged in farming, -which he followed for some 
 time. In 1857 he with Mr. Cornwell built a paper-mill, and carried it on under 
 the firm name of Cornwell & Van Cleve until 1864, when he sold his interest to 
 Mr. Cornwell. That mill was the first paper-mill in this city and the beginning 
 of the present great paper business of Ypsilanti. When the Peninsular Paper 
 Companj' was organized in 1867, he was one of the stockholders, and was made 
 Secretary of the company. Except a short time, he has held that position to the 
 present time. He represented this town as Supervisor five years, during which 
 time the city was set off from the town. Mr. Van Cleve is an Episcopalian and 
 has been a member of St. Luke's Church of this city since 1859. He was also 
 one of the charter members of the first Odd Fellows' Lodge in Ypsilanti, and has 
 been a member of the Masonic fraternity here. In 1834 he was married to Miss 
 Julia Hunter, of Ncav York city, who died in this city Feb. 16, 1879. To them 
 were born 5 sons and 3 daughters, all of whom are living but one son, William, 
 who for a time was Secretary of the Peninsular Paper Company. Of the living 
 children, John W., jr., and >lrs. McKinstry live in this city ; Frank H. is a busi- 
 ness man at Escanaba, and is land agent at that place for the N. W. R. R ; Charles 
 is located at Port Hui-on, Mich. ; Augustus is in the general ticket office of the M. 
 C. R. R. at Chicago; the other daughter, Mrs. Mary Parrott, is a resident of 
 Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 Silas Van Busen is a native of Dutchess county, N. Y., where he was born in 
 1807, and where he grew to manhood. He married Hannah Soule, and subse- 
 quently worked at shoe-making and farming in Monroe Co., N. Y. He afterward 
 removed to Rochester, and in 1866 to Plymouth, Michigan ; thence to Ypsilanti, 
 where for many years he was engaged in the sewing-machine business. Two 
 children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Van Dusen, one of whom is living, Mary L., 
 who received a good musical education at Rochester, and for several years was 
 organist in the IJniversalist Church of that city. For nine years she has occu- 
 pied the same position in the Presbyterian Church at Ypsilanti. The elder 
 child, Charles T., was a soldier in the 8th New York Cav., and Orderly Sergeant at 
 beginning of war. He sei-ved with marked success through that long and bloody 
 conflict, and was an eye witness of the surrender of Lee, at Appomattox Court- 
 House. He received the discharge of a Captain, and returned to Ypsilanti, where 
 he died in 1874. 
 
 Harry H. Walkinton, machine tender at Cornwell Paper-Mills, is a native of 
 Lincolnshire, England. He emigrated to America in 1873, and for six years was 
 a resident of Pennsylvania. He then settled at Ypsilanti, Mich., where he has 
 since resided. He is regarded by his employers as a valuable assistant in the 
 manufacture of paper. 
 
 Charles H. Wallace, who died in August, 1877, may be ranked among the pio- 
 neers of Washtenaw. He was born at Thelford, Orange Co., Vt., Feb. 11, 1813. 
 In his childhood and near the close of the Revolutionary war, his lather left New 
 England, and with multitudes of emigrants settled m tlie State of New York. In 
 1833 he came to Washtenaw and settled in the township of Saline, and farms were 
 purchased three miles west of this place. Young Wallace preceded the family and 
 came to Saline in May, 1831. In 1833 he married Miss Eleanor Ousting. Mr. W. 
 was Deputy Sheriff, in which office he proved a capable man. In 1853 he was 
 elected Justice of the Peace for four years, and again in 1857 and 1861, and finally, 
 in 1866, as a Magistrate. Two things were noticeable in his administration — avoid- 
 ance of county expenses, inducing often a settlement without legal notice ; and 
 very rarely were his decisions set aside by a higher court ; and many widows and 
 orphans have found in him a wise and faithful counsellor. In 1857 his only son, 
 Bradley, died at the age of 31, and September, 1861, Mrs. Wallace died; again death 
 invaded the household, when, in January, 1865, his daughter Sarah passed to her 
 reward. Of his 4 children 3 remain — Mrs. Adeline Williams, of Oxford, Mich., 
 and Mrs. Lucy Ripley, of Chicago. In September, 1863, Mr. Wallace was united 
 in marriage with Mrs. Jennie B. Rice, relict of Hiram Rice. His business during 
 his latter years was extensive and varied, in real estate and the loaning of money. 
 He was more than ordinarily successful. 
 
 Edwin Warren, machine tender at Ypsilanti Paper-Mills, was born in Onon- 
 daga Co., N. Y., in 1844, and is a son of George and Eleanor Warren. Mr. 
 Warren settled at Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1858. On Aug. 10, 1863, in Allegan Co., 
 Mich., he enlisted in Co. A, 3d Mich. Cav., for three years' service. He was con- 
 nected with the Western divisions of the army, and was mustered out of service 
 
1236 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUKTT. 
 
 at San Antonio, Texas, Feb. 12, 1866. In 1869, he entered the employ ot the 
 Ypsilanti Paper Co., where he has since labored. In 1866, in Michigan, he 
 married Elvan White, a daughter of Enoch White. He then proceeded to the 
 lumbei- regions of the "Wolverine State," where he resided for three years. 
 They have 3 children— Leonard, bom Feb. 28, 1870 ; Marcella, born Feb. 6, 1876, 
 and Myrtle, born Dec. 32, 1878. Mr. Warren's brother, George, an employe of 
 the paper-mill, was born in Washtenaw county, in 1860. 
 
 Rev. Ira Mason Weed, Ypsilanti (deceased), was born Jan. 14, 1804, at Hines- 
 biirg, Vermont. His parents were John and Dolly (Phelps) Weed. He passed 
 his early life among the hills of Vermont. He prepared for college with his 
 brother-in-law, the Rev. Mr. Johnson, of Hopkinton, N. Y., and entered the 
 sophomore class of the University of Vermont, from which he graduated in 
 1825. Intending to follow the legal ijrofession, he studied law with Judge Fine, 
 of Ogdensburg, N. Y., one year. During this time he was converted and 
 turned his thoughts toward the ministry. He gave up his legal studies and 
 entered Andover Theological Seminary. In 1829 he was licensed to preach, and 
 in the same year was ordained at Park Street Church, Boston. In May, 1830, he 
 was married to Miss Caroline N. Dulton, of Hillsboro, N. H., and came to this 
 city. In 1834 he was installed Pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Ypsilanti, in 
 which he had ministered four years. In 1847 he went to Chicago, having accepted 
 the position of District Secretary foi' the Northwest, of the American Board of Com- 
 missioners of Foreign Missions. This position he retained for 10 years, laying 
 broad foundations for benevolence in Churches and aiding pastors in their work. 
 In 1855 be removed to Waukegan, 111., and after two 3'ears acceiJted the agency 
 of the educational institution projected at Lake Forest, a suburb of Chicago. In 
 1862 he went to Granville, 111., where he served as Pastor four 3'ears. He then 
 returned to this citj--, where he passed his remaining days, ministering occasionally 
 to vacant Churches in this vicinity. Nov. 30, 1871, he passed from this life. Mr. 
 Weed was the first settled pastor in Ypsilanti and helped largely in forming the 
 religious tendencies of the early village. He was a man of warm sympathies 
 and remarkable power in winning the affection of those whose lives were not in 
 accord with his teachings. His religion was that of calm devotion, settled con- 
 viction and firm principles. He was a close student of the Bible and a man of 
 prayer. When he died many a man not of his Church felt that he had lost a true 
 friend, and that in truth " a good man is gone." He left a wife, three daughters 
 and a son to mourn his loss. Of these one daughter has since died. 
 
 WilHnm Wheeler, employed at the Peninsular Paper-Mills, was born in Buck- 
 inghamshire, England, in 1831. He was emyloyed in the paper-mills of his native 
 land, and in 1857 settled in Canada. In 1863 he removed to Wayne Co., Mich., 
 and the following year to Ypsilanti, where he has since been employed at his 
 trade. He was married to Lucy A. Wight, and 5 children were born to them, 4 
 ot whom are living. Mrs. Wheeler is a native of Wayne Co., Michigan. 
 
 Charles B. Whitman, Prosecuting Attoi'nev of Washtenaw county, was born at 
 South Bend, Ind., Oct. 4, 1847. H e is a son of W. G. and Laura G. (French) Whit- 
 man. His father was a machinist, and a near neighbor and intimate friend of 
 ex-Vice President Schuyler Colfax. When Charles was 15 years of age his father 
 removed to Chicago, and he was educated in the Chicago schools. In 1864 he 
 went to Ann Arbor, Mich., and in 1866 entered the literary department of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, graduating in 1870 with the degree of >I. A. In the fall of 
 1870 he was employed as Principal of the Ypsilanti' Seminar}', remaining there 
 one year. In 1873 he was married to Elvira C. Jo.9lin, a daughter of Hon. Chaun- 
 cey Joslin, of Ypsilanti. The same year he entered the law department of Michi- 
 gan University, graduating in 1873 with the degree of B. L. He soon after formed 
 a co-partnership with Hon. Chauncey Joslin, in the law business, continuing in 
 that relation until January, 1881, when the firm was dissolved and Mr. Whitman 
 opened an office for himself. In 1874-'7Mr. Whitman was a member of the Ypsi- 
 lanti School Board, being Secretary for two j-ears. In 1876 he was elected Cir- 
 cuit Court Commissioner, holding that olSce for two years. In 1878 he was a 
 candidate for State's Attorney, but being a Democrat and two other candidates in 
 the field, he was defeated. In 1880 he was a member of the Democratic State 
 Conuuitlee, and an executive officer of that body. Mr. Whitman was elected Pros- 
 ecuting Attorney of Washtenaw county in 1880, by a large majoritj-. He is a 
 strong advocate of temperance, and an orator of distinguished ability. He is an 
 Episcopalian, and a Vestryman of St. Luke's Church at Ypsilanti. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1237 
 
 J. S. Whitney, in the employ of the Peninsular Paper Co., was born in Massachu- 
 setts. In 1872 he was joined in the bonds of holy wedlock to Fanny Barnum. Mr. 
 Whitney is a skillful workman, and a valuable employe of the above named tirm. 
 
 James H. Wilcox, of the firm of Batchelder & Co., and a son of Willard D. Wil- 
 cox (deceased), was bom INIay 37, 1831, in the town of Homer, Cortland Co., N". Y., 
 ■where he gained his early education, and in 1837 his parents moved to DeRuyter, 
 Madison Co., N.Y., and there remained until 18.50, and finished an academic edu- 
 cation and learned the wool-carding and cloth-dressing business. In 1851 he, 
 James, left DeRuyter and went to Rhode Island, and engaged as traveling agent 
 in the book and stationery business, and later returned to New York, and entered 
 hotel business for five years, untiri862, and in 1863 came to Ypsilanti, went into the 
 hotel business, and ran the Wetherbee, now Barton, House. In 1870 he engaged 
 with Batchelder Bros, as traveling salesman, representing their monument busi- 
 ness, which position he occupied until 1877, when he formed a partnership with 
 H. Batchelder and Geo, W. Loughridge, which forms the present firm of H. Batch 
 elder & Co. Mr. Wilcox was married Feb. 17, 1867, to Miss Sarah J. Haner, 
 daughter of Chas. P. Haner, a farmer of Augusta tp. Thev have 1 daughter — 
 EllaM. SI. 
 
 Capt. William Wilkinson (deceased), a well known and early resident of this 
 pros^jerous county, was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, and at an early day crossed 
 the Atlantic ocean, locating in New York State, where he was engaged in 
 merchant tailoring for some time. He came to Ypsilanti some years since and 
 erected a building on Congress street, where he followed his trade for maiw years, 
 fie also built a fine residence. He was married in Scotland to Agnes Henry, a 
 granddaughter of the Earl of Crawford, whose ancestry is traced back to William 
 the Conqueror. Mr. Wilkinson died in 1870, leaving a wife and the following 
 children — William W., a tailor, residing in Ohio ; George, first steward on a mail 
 steamer of the Morgan Line, plj'ing between New Orleans and Havana; John L., 
 named in honor of the Earl of Crawford ; James, a resident of Ypsilanti ; Robert, 
 a merchant of Cincinnati ; Mrs. J. B. Campbell, who lives in Ypsilanti. 
 
 Judaon A. Willson, farmer, Ypsilanti tp., was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., in 
 1827. His parents were Selleck and Anna (Lee) Willson. Judsou was liberally 
 educated, and while a resident of New York married Minerva North, a daughter 
 of btephen and Esther North. In 1857 Mr. Willson settled in York tp., Washte- 
 naw county, where he bought 127 acres of land. In 1864 he removed to Pittsfleld 
 tp., and in 1877 located on his present farm, comprising 102 acres. Mr. Willson 
 and wife have 2 children — Ella, wife of James Forsyth, of Ypsilanti, and Eugene, a 
 native of this county. 
 
 Bev. John A. Wilson, D. D., Rector of St. Luke's (Protestant Episcopal) Church, 
 Ypsilanti, was born at Washington, D. C. His parents died when he was a mere 
 child, and having no relatives he has no way of definitely knowing his age. When 
 about eight years of age he went to Baltimore, Md., where he afterward learned a 
 trade, which he found' valuable to him in his early life. He attended a self-sup- 
 porting school on the banks of the Delaware, about 10 miles from Philadelphia, 
 about 15 months, when it broke up. From there he went to Kenyon College at 
 Garabier, Ohio, where he graduated in 1837, and in 1839 graduated at the Theo- 
 logical Seminary. In that year he was ordained to the diaconate of Mount Ver- 
 non, Ohio, by Bishop Mcllvaine. In 1840 he came to Michigan and was ordained 
 to the priesthood at Detroit, by Bishop McCoskry. His first pastorate was at 
 Pontiac, where he remained until 1846. When he went there, there was no Church 
 at Pontiao, but during his pastorate he gathered a congregation and built a 
 Church, ih 1847 he came to this city, where he found a church edifice, but the 
 parish was much disorganized. By careful, persistent labor he gathered together a 
 portion of the former members of the congregation and soon had a thriving, 
 growing Church. From that time to the present he has been the beloved Rector 
 of St. Luke's. 
 
 In 1842 he was married to Miss Olivia Chase Edson, ot Center Randolph, Ver- 
 mont. To them have been born 2 sons and 1 daughter; 1 son has died. The 
 living son is now a rising merchant of this city. The daughter is the wife of 
 Caotain Clinton Spencer, now Postmaster of Ypsilanti. At the annual commence- 
 ment in 1878, Dr. Wilson's alma mater conferred on him the honorary degree of 
 Doctor of Divinity. 
 
 William Wilson and wife were among the earliest pioneer settlers and most 
 worthy. He was born in the town of Tendering, county of Essex, England, about 
 
1238 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 60 miles from the city of London, Oct. 2, 1795, and was reared On a farm. At the 
 age of 15 years he was bound out to a butcher, an army contractor ; at the age of 
 about 16 years he was taken to London by his employer, Mr. Stebbing, and when 
 about 18, desiring to see more of the world, ran away and shipped as a butcher on 
 the East India Company's cruiser, the Marquis of Ely. While in the service of the 
 East India Company, he visited many parts of the world, including Bengal, China, 
 all along the coast of Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Madagascar, Borneo, etc., etc. 
 After voyaging on the seas for several years he returned to England to visit home, 
 and while walking down the streets in the city of Woolwich he heard some one call 
 his name, when he turned, and it was the man to whom he was apprenticed, 
 and from whom he had run away. After having a sociable talk Mr. Steb- 
 bing wanted him to remain with him, but not succeeding in his persuasions, before 
 leaving him, however, he gave Mr. Wilson his indenture papers. 
 
 His ship being about ready for another voyage, he again went to sea, and returned 
 the year Bonaparte died. Mr. W. visited the Island of St. Helena during Em- 
 peror Napoleon Bonaparte's life, but was not nearer his house than one-fourth of a 
 mile, sentries being placed at that distance around his quarters. The vessel Mr. W. 
 sailed in had all the discipline of a man-of-war, carrying 32 guns, part 33- 
 pounders, long eighteens, cannonades, etc. He participated in various hand-to-hand 
 fights on the sea, receiving several wounds in these affrays while boarding tha ene- 
 my's vessels. Several scars remain as slight reminders of these affrays, one on the 
 wrist by a cutlass, and one on the upper lip, done with a boarding pike. 
 
 After his return from the last voyage he was married to Miss Sophy Cross, a 
 native of Allthorn, county of Essex, Eng. The ceremony was performed Octo. 
 ber, 1823. April 1, following, Mr. W., with his wife, took passage on the sailing 
 packet, " Wm. Thompson," bound for New York, where they safely arrived in six 
 weeks, or about May 10. They remained some two months, waiting for an uncle, 
 when they came up the Hudson river to Albany, and then by stage to Schenectady, 
 where they took the Erie canal to Lockport, from there to Tonawanda by stage, 
 and thence to Black Rock by boat. Mr. W. had left his wife at Utica.' Here- 
 turned for her and came to Buffalo and thence to Detroit. Here he left his wife 
 and he and his uncle started on a prospecting tour, for the purpose of locating a 
 home. This was during the year 1834. In the fall they visited the north part of 
 Ohio and parts of Canada. He picked out land in Ypsilanti tp., this county, and 
 in the fall of 1825 came with his wife and uncle's family, and settled here on sec. 
 83, where he bought the northwest quarter for his uncle, from John Shaw, an 
 Irishman, who had erected a log house on the land. He was from Detroit, and it 
 is said he brought nine barrels of whisky, and when he had used that up he was 
 ready to sell his claim, which Mr. W. bought, with improvements, 10 acres being 
 planted to corn and potatoes, for $350. 
 
 Mr. W. went to Detroit to have the deeds made out and signed. Mrs. Shaw had 
 promised before this to sign it. When he called for her signature (her husband 
 had already done so), Mr. W. hunted her up and asked her to sign. She said she 
 would not, " at all, at all," and wanted a pound of tea for doing so, which he pro- 
 vided and everything was all right. 
 
 Soon afterward he entered 160 acres on sec. 31. In the fall of 1827 he built 
 a log house on this place and moved into it. Mr. W. and uncle owned at one time 
 about one section of land in this neighborhood. 
 
 Mr. Wilson lived here with his wife from October, 1827, to November, 1866,— a 
 period of about 40 years,— ani moved to Ypsilanti, where he has resided ever since. 
 During the above named time Mr. W. cleared up about 350 acres of land, nearly 
 all heavily timbered. During his early life in the county, many Indians lived 
 here, and often they called and received food and lodging at Mr. W.'s house, 
 spreading their blankets before the fire-place on which they would sleep. 
 
 In 1840 or '41 Mr. Wilson erected a frame house and buildings on sec. 21. 
 This building still stands. He was quite fond of the chase, and killed all kinds 
 of game, panthers that were large enough to carry off a yearling deer. One day he 
 killed three bears. As a slight sample of endurance, in an early day, having no 
 other conveyance, he shouldered three bushels of wheat and carried the same to 
 Ypsilanti to mill, and returned the same way ; and although now 86 years of age, 
 is hale and hearty, with no tremor to his hand. 
 
 Mr. W. joined the Masonic fraternity 60 years ago, and has kept up his con- 
 nection with the order to the present time. He now belongs to Phoenix Lodge. 
 No. 13, and has held many offices in the same. 
 
TPSILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1239 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wilson lived together for nearly 57 years, wlien she was called to 
 leave her life-time friend and husband, to go to the other shore. She departed this 
 life on Saturday, the last day of October, 1880, aged about 77 years. 
 
 Mr. W. has always been a Democrat in politics, and for many years served the 
 township as Commissioner of Highways. 
 
 The portraits of Wm. Wilson and his wife, Sophy, appear on another page. His 
 is from a photograph taken at the age of 84, and hers about 17. 
 
 Wilson & Ratlifon Bros, are the leading clothiers of Ypsilanti . They establ ished 
 their present business in 1879, and have had a steadily increasing trade since that 
 period. Thej' have also, in connection, a cutting department, presided over by 
 W. J. Crouch, a skilled workman. , 
 
 Abraham Wolsey ranks among the more valued workmen employed by the 
 Peninsular Paper Mills. He was bom at Norfolk, England, in 1830. In 1837 he 
 accompanied his parents to Ypsilanti, Mich., where he has since resided. From 
 early years he has been an attache of the mill, and in 1871 was married to Carrie 
 Fuller. 
 
 Charles S. Woodard, Ypsilanti, was born in the town of Rose, Wayne Co., N. 
 Y., in October 1821. Hisfather brought his family here in 1830, and for many years 
 the home was in Pittsfield. There Mr. Woodard was reared. He attended school 
 there for a time, but his education was chiefly acquired in Ypsilanti 
 and was the result of his own work and exertions. When about 17, he began to 
 study with the intention of becoming a surveyor. When about 19, he began to 
 practice surveying in this county. He has done a vast amount of surveying in this 
 county and city. Since 1843 he has regarded Ypsilanti as his home. In 1848 he 
 entered the Government service as surveyor, and until 1851 was engaged in the 
 upper and lower peninsula of this State. Since 1851, has devoted his time to 
 civil engineering. He has worked largely on railroads. Among his first work 
 was surveying on the Chicago & Northwestern. He was next employed on the 
 western end of the Michigan Central, running into Chicago. For a number of 
 years he was chief engineer of the New Albany & Salem, running from Michigan 
 City south in Indiana. When the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw R. R. was built, 
 he was chief engineer pf the.diiVision extending from Jackson to Bay City. Later 
 held the same position in the Fort Wayne, Jackson & Saginaw R. It., whicli was 
 really the southern extension of the former road. This position he held until 1870. 
 Since then he has been connected with various railroads in various positions. Mr. 
 Woodard has been County Surveyor a number of terms, but his business and incli- 
 nations have kept him out of politics. Was a member of the early lodges both of 
 Masons and Odd Fellows, but for some years has not been connected with either. 
 Is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church of this city. He was married in 
 1854 to Miss Elizabeth Emrick, of Dayton, Ohio. To them have been born 2 
 daughters, both of whom are living. 
 
 Benjamin Woodruff was horn March 8, 1815, at Middlesex, Yates Co., and came 
 to Michigan in 1834, settling in Monroe county. His wife, Ruth Woodruff (7i«e 
 Fuller) was born at the same place in 1819. 
 
 Alva Worden, of the firm of Worden Bros., manufacturers of whip sockets, Ypsi- 
 lanti, was born in Pembroke tp., Genesee Co., N. Y., March 24, 1820. His father, 
 John S. Worden, sr. (dec), came to Michigan in 1827, locating 160 acres of land 
 m Superior tp., where he lived until 1860; then removed to Ypsilanti, and died 
 Oct. 10, 1875. Alva received his schooling in Superior tp., and when young, 
 learned the tinner's .trade. In 1843 he entered into business at Ypsilanti, which 
 he continued for 20 years. After two years' retirement, he again engaged in the 
 same business, but retired again in 1869. He was married Dec. 29, 1868, to Adella 
 R. Havens, daughter of G. R. Havens, of Ypsilanti. They have 2children — Joseph 
 and Frank. 
 
 John S. Warden, (deceased) was born in Connecticut, and at an early period 
 moved to Steuben county, Ne^ York, where he followed agricultural pursuits 
 until his location West. He had married, while a resident of the East, Miss 
 Sophia Rohrbeck, of Massachusetts, who was born in 1790. Accompanied by 
 his estimable wife and 8 children, during the autumn of 1826, after some 
 weeks of vexat:ous delay in travel, he located in Superior tp., upon a farm of 200 
 acres, which was purchased from the Government at 10 shillings per acre. The 
 pioneers preceding him to this favored locality were the Emericks, McCormicks , 
 Harwoods and others. Mr. Worden became a wealthy man for the period of time 
 in which he lived. He was unassuming in disposition, and had a large circle of 
 
1240 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 acquaintances and friends, and merited the respect of all with whom he was 
 brought in contact. Oct. 4, 1866, occurred the death of Mrs. Worden, and in 
 1873 the remains of John S. Worden found a last resting place in the city ceme- 
 tery of Ypsilanti. He left a family of 5 children, namely : Mary Ann, a resi- 
 dent of Vermont, who married Fred Andrews; Samantha married Eleazer Price, 
 a physician ; Alva married Adella Havens, of Galesburg ; he was born at Batavia 
 N. Y., in 1836, and grew up amid pioneer associations in this county. For 18 
 years he was an honored and systematic merchant of Livingston county, and be 
 came more than ordinarily successful in life. Disposing of his business enter- 
 prise in Livingston county, he came to this city, where he entered actively into 
 business, in connection with his brother, in the manufacture of whip sockets. 
 This also proved a financial success. In the midst of great prosperity Mr. W. 
 was called to a brighter and better life, in 1876. To the care of his benevolent wife 
 he left a family of 2 children — Alva, jr., and Eddie C. Mr. Worden was for many 
 years Postmaster of Hartland, Livingston county, and also officiated as Notary 
 Public. 
 
 John S. Worden, jr., of the firm of A. Worden & Bro., manufacturers of whip 
 sockets, Ypsilanti, was born in Superior tp., Washtenaw county. May 13, 1839. 
 He received his education in the district schools, and in 1856 went to Hartland 
 Center, Wayne county, Mich., where, in connection with his brother Chauncey, he 
 established a general merchandise store. They continued in this relation until 
 1859, when John S. sold his interest to his brother, and retired from business 
 until 1868, when the firm of A. Worden & Bros, was formed, consisting ,of Alva, 
 John 8. and Chauncey Worden. Mr. Worden was married May 28, 1872, to 
 Mary A. Buck, daughter of Oliver Buck, a farmer of Ontario, Canada. They 
 have 1 son, William G. 
 
 Lyman Wyard, one of the oldest and most respected pioneers of Ypsilanti tp., 
 was born Oct. 4, 1804, at Burlington, Conn., and was son of John Wyard, a saddle- 
 tack maker of that place, where his father died. His mother married a second 
 husband and moved to Onondaga county, N. Y., where Lyman received an early 
 education. They moved again to East Tavern, 18 miles south of Rochester, N. 
 Y., where he finished his schooling and lived until 1836. He then moved to Michi- 
 gan and purchased 80 acres of land on sec. 11, Ypsilanti tp., where he now lives, 
 ■and to which property he has added from time to time, until he now owns 300 
 acres. In 1830 he married Hannah Field, daughter of Darius Field, a farmer of 
 Boomfield, Oneida county, N. Y., May 24, 1805, and have 3 children— Charles G., 
 Wys'-'^ ; He! en 0.,now wife of Seth Arnold, of Ypsilanti city. Charles Griswold 
 was born on the old homestead June 25, 1835, and received his education at 
 Ypsilanti Seminary. Afterward, from time to time, clerked in mercantile houses 
 of Ypsilanti, and later, in Detroit. Sept. 1, 1858, he married Mrs. Catharine 
 Arnold Ackley, daughter of James Arnold, and widow of Wm. G. Ackley, and 
 purchased of E. D. Lay the farm known as the Colby Stand, which was taken 
 from the Government by Zolva Bowen in 1827, and upon which he erected and 
 for several years conducted a " Traveler's Home," a place where the weary 
 travelers between Detroit and Chicago were wont to stop for rest and refreshments. 
 
 This place was later kept by Colby, and afterward sold to E. D. Lay. The hotel 
 
 has been supplanted by a commodious frame house, and the prem ises otherwise im- 
 proved under Mr. Wyard's srfpervision. Mr. Wyard has for 20 years past, at fre- 
 quent intervals, been employed by the Michigan Central R. R. Co., he being an 
 eflicient locomotive engineer. They have 2 sons— Lyman E. and Seth Arnold. 
 
 George D. Wyard, the second son of Lyman Wyard, was born Nov. 17, 1837, and 
 received his schooling at Ypsilanti Seminary, and settled on 40 acres adjoining 
 the Wyard homestead, to which property he has added until now he owns 352 
 acres of Washtenaw's most productive soil. The improvements on this farm are 
 most complete, consisting of good fences, granary, carriage-house, stock-sheds, 
 and a modern brick residence of liberal dimensions and attractive appearance. 
 Mr. Wyard has also established on, and in a measure connected with, his farm- 
 ing business, an enterprise that has developed into an extensive cider and cider 
 vinegar business, which now receives a liberal patronage throughout the Northern, 
 Eastern and Western States, a full account of which appears elsewhere in this 
 volume, in connection with the manufacturing interests of Ypsilanti. Mr. Wyard 
 married Miss Ann E. Wilkinson, daughter of James Wilkinson, a farmer of 
 Oneida county, N. Y.^Sept. 18, 1860, and they have 6 children — George W., Frank 
 H., Everett J., Walter J., Robert G. and Grade. 
 
YP8ILANTI TOWNSHIP. 1241 
 
 _ hen C. Tates, one of the more respected citizens of this region, was bom in 
 Orleans Co., N. Y., in 1837, and is a son of Joseph C. and Marv Yates. Stephen 
 learned the painter's and glazier's trade, and while living in l^ew York married 
 Harriet A., daughter of Joseph and Jane Clow, natives of Monroe Co., N. Y. In 
 1855 Mr. Yates settled at Ypsilanti, and soon after took charge of toll-gate No. 6, 
 remaining there nine years, and since that time has been in charge of toll-gate 
 No. 7. He was once Treasurer of Ypsilanti tp. Mr. Yates and wife have 4 chil- 
 dren — Alice L., Cora, Clarence S. and Clayton A. 
 
 W. Irving Yeackley is a native of Ontario county, N. Y., where he was born in 
 1833, son of Adam and Gertrude (Snyder) Yeackley. At the age of 17 he came to 
 Michigan and first located at Battle Creek, where he found employment as a 
 jom'neyman harnessmaker three yeai's, when he came to Ypsilanti, and here he 
 worked as a journeyman. About this time his parents moved to Ypsilanti tp., 
 and purchased a portion of the farm where he now lives, and he changed his vo- 
 cation to that of farming, taking charge of the homestead. In 1873 he was married 
 to Mrs. Nancy E. Gilbert, daughter of John White, a native of Scotland. In 1869, 
 Mr. Y. was elected Supervisor, holding the position creditably and successively 
 10 years. In 1857 he was elected Justice of the Peace, which he still retains. 
 Adam Yeackley died in 1874, in the 74th year of his age, and was laid at rest 
 in the Ypsilanti cemetery, an appropriate monument marking the spot. 
 
 Le$ Tost, farmer and ex-commission merchant, was born at Payette, N. Y., Jan. 
 23, 1815, and is a son of Caspar and Rachel Yost, the former of whom was a 
 millwright, and built the first mills at "Waterloo and Seneca, N. Y. He was Cap- 
 tain of a militia company, and died at Fayette, N. Y. Five children were born 
 to this union— William, Chester, Enoch, Lucinda and Lee. The latter grew to 
 manhood in New York, and there married Susan R. Marshall. They have 5 
 children — Mrs. Florence Dimham, of Hudson, Mich. ; William H., a grain-buyer 
 of Kansas; Mrs. J. S. Conklin, of Ypsilanti; Matilda F., who resides at home, and 
 Charles L., a resident of Detroit. Mr. Yost has very acceptably filled the posi- 
 tion of Supervisor of Ypsilanti for 12 years. 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The town of Pittsfleld was organized according to the act of the 
 Territorial Council, in 1834, its first town meeting being held in 
 April of that year. Previous to that organization, the township 
 now composing the town was attached to the following towns: 
 Two and one-half miles on the north was connected with Ann 
 Arbor; the west half of the remainder to Saline, and the east half 
 to Ypsilanti. 
 
 Previous to the organization of the town, a meeting was held at 
 the McCracken school-house, for the purpose of selecting a name. 
 At this meeting there were 13 persons present, each of whom chose 
 the name of the town from which he had come. Some of the names 
 proposed were too long to suit the majority; so, on motion of Ezr^ 
 Carpenter, the name oi Pitt was selected. This name was retained 
 unliTTjetween 1835 and l51U7when it was changed to Pittsfield. 
 
 ORIGINAL ENTKIES. 
 
 Government land in this town was rapidly taken after C "W. 
 Noyes purchased his lot in May, 1824. As but little was taken by 
 speculators, the following list of entries will be of interest as show- 
 ing the early settlers of the town : 
 
 Seotion 1. 
 
 Kice, Asa, e h ne qr. 
 TJttinger, Michael, w h ne qr. 
 Crane, .Joseph, se qr. 
 Prudden, Fletcher N., e h nw qr. 
 Smith, Dexter, w h nw qr. 
 Moss, Joseph, sw qr. 
 
 Section 3. 
 
 Barney, Aaron, e h ne qr. 
 Parsons, Joseph, jr., w h ne qr. 
 Anderson, Charles, e h nw qr. 
 Barr, Lewis, w h nwqr. 
 Whitmore, Luke H. , w h se qr. 
 McDowell, Samuel, sw qr. 
 
 Seouon 3. 
 
 Britton, Claudius, jr., ne qr. 
 Maynard, Ezra and Charles M.,se 
 
 e h sw qr. 
 Kellogg, Dorr, nw qr. 
 Wait, Charles, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 4. 
 
 Iligby, Bri, ne qr. 
 Hiscock, John, se qr. 
 
 Mosely, John, e h nw qr. 
 Allen, John, w h nw qr and w h sw qr 
 and 6 h sw qr. 
 
 Section 5. 
 
 Camp, Samuel, e h nw qr and w h ne qr. 
 Ewers, Alvah, w h se qr and e h sw qr. 
 Enos, Jahiel, w h nw qr. 
 Whitcomb, Levi, w h sw qr. 
 Markham, Isaac, e h ne qr. 
 Millington, Abel, e h se qr. 
 
 Section 6. 
 Vandermark, Eichard, e h ne qr. 
 Millington, Abel, w h ne qr. 
 Davis, Martin, e h se qr. 
 Stearns, Joel, jr., w h se qr. 
 Odell, Isaac, nw qr. 
 Bullun, George, e h sw qr. 
 qr and Moss, Joseph, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 7. 
 Updike, Ralph, e h ne qr and e h se qr. 
 Fargo, John C, w h n e qr. 
 Holmes, Elnathan, jr., eh nw qr and w 
 
 h nw qr. 
 Geddes, Robert, sw qr and w h se qr. 
 fl'?42) 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1243 
 
 Skotion 8. 
 
 Smith, Bansom, e h ne qr. 
 Geddes, Robert, w h ne qr. 
 Geddes, John, se qr. 
 Updike, Ralph, w h. 
 
 Section 9. 
 
 Hiscock, John, ne qr. 
 
 Carpenter, E. and Partons, R., e h se qr. 
 
 Fuller, R., nw qr of se qr. 
 
 Kingsley, J , sw qr of se qr. 
 
 Allen, John, nw qr and w h sw qr. 
 
 Fuller, Rhodes, e h sw qr. 
 
 Section 10. 
 McDowell, Samuel D., e h ne qr. 
 Whitmore, Luke H., w h ne qr. 
 Hardy, David, e h se qr. 
 Shaver, Jones, w h se qr and e h sw qr. 
 Smith, Ebenezer, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 11. 
 
 ^''Carpenter, Ezra, e h ne qr. 
 
 Whitmore, Luke H., w h ne qr and e h 
 
 nw qraodehsvf qr. 
 Cornish, Ephraim B., se qr. 
 Whitmore, Oliver, w h nw qr. 
 Brown, Tolman, wh sw qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Larzelere, Jacob L., se qr and e h ne qr 
 and e h sw qr. 
 ^Coryell, Andrew, w h ne qr. 
 
 Hester, Henry, e h nw qr. 
 (^Carpenter, Ezra, w h nwqr. 
 
 Cornish, Ephraim B., w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 13. 
 
 Larzelere, Jacob L„ e h ne qr and e h se 
 
 qr. 
 Larzelere, Jacob L.,sw qr and w h se qr 
 Martin, .James, w h ne qr. 
 Aray, James, e h nw qr. 
 Aray, Jacob, w h nw qr. 
 
 Section 14. 
 
 Geddes, William, e h ne qr. 
 
 Pareons, Nathaniel P. and Philo, w h ne 
 
 qr and e h nw qr. 
 Beckwith, George, e h se qr. 
 Trowbridge, Charles C,, w h se qr. 
 V Carpenter, Horace, e h sw qr. 
 
 Section 15. 
 
 Hardy, David, w h nw qr. 
 Baker, Samuel C, w h sw qr. 
 Hardy, David, e h ne qr. 
 Stout, Benjamin, w h ne qr. 
 Hitchcock, D., e h sw qr. 
 Tyler, Van Rensselaer, w h se qr. 
 Sweeney, Willett, nw qr. 
 Sif gler, Jacob, sw qr. 
 
 Section 17. 
 
 McCoUum, M., ne qr of ne qr. 
 Hazelton, A., se qr of ne qr. 
 Geddes, Robert, w h ne qr. 
 Mosely, C, ne qr of se qr. 
 Squier, S., se qr of fe qr. 
 Mosely, C, w h se qr. 
 Allen, John, nw qr. 
 Doty, A., ne qr of sw qr. 
 Maynard, W. S.,se qr of sw qr. 
 Morse, John G., nw qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 18. 
 
 Bronson, Titus, e h ne qr. 
 
 Geddes, Robert, nw qr and w h ne qr. 
 
 Section 18. 
 
 Lathrop, Elijah, se qr of se qr and ne qr 
 
 of se qr. 
 Lathrop, Elijah, whse qr and e h sw qr 
 Gardner, William, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 19. 
 
 Rouse, H., ne qr of ne qr. 
 Howard, J., se qr of ne qr. 
 Rouse, Henry, w h ne qr. 
 Swaine, Aaron, e h se qr. 
 Fuller, Rhoda, w h se qr. 
 Hatch, Jonathan, e h nw qr. 
 Hatch, Luther and J , w h nw qr. 
 Hunt, T. W. and J. Lowry, e h sw qr. 
 J. M. P. Howe and A. Spoor and J. A. 
 Stillman, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 Howard, J. and J. Parsons, e h ne qr. 
 Burnett, E. and 8., w h ne qr. 
 Scott, Abel, e h se qr. 
 Collins, Alpheus, w h se qr. 
 Hurlburt, William, w h nw qr. 
 Elliott, J., se qr of nw qr. 
 Hurd, A., sw qr of nw qr. 
 Howard, John, sw qr. 
 
 Section 31. 
 
 Collins, Alpheus, e h ne qr and w h se 
 
 qr. 
 Carl, J., ne qr of se qr. 
 Warner, J. A. and P., se qr of se qr. 
 Morton, James T., w h ne qr. 
 Collins, Alpheus, e h nw qr. 
 Squire, Seba, jr., w h nw qr and e h sw 
 
 qr. 
 Scott, Abel, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 33. 
 
 Geddes, William, ne qr. 
 Aray, James, e h se qr. 
 Squire, Albert, w h se qr. 
 Drury, Elihu, nw qr. 
 Woodard, C, se qr of sw qr. 
 Earl, B., nw qr of sw qr. 
 Drury, E., sw qr of sw qr. 
 
1244 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Section 23. 
 
 Duning, John, e hne qr. 
 Rowan, James, w h ne qr. 
 Depue, Chemun, se qr. 
 Smith, Israel, e h nw qr. 
 Geddes, William, w h nw qr. 
 Avery, John A., sw qr. 
 
 Section 24. 
 
 Stevens, William, ne qr. 
 
 Pratt, Elisha, e h se qr. 
 
 Dix, William, w h se qr. 
 
 Avery, John ti., nw qr and w h sw qr. 
 
 Hastings, Erastus P., e h sw qr. 
 
 Section 35, 
 
 Pratt, Alvah, e h ne qr. 
 
 McCullough, Nathaniel, w h ne qr and 
 
 e h nw qr. 
 Welch, Oscar, e h se qr. 
 Avery, John H., w h se qr. 
 Dickerson, John, e h sw qr. 
 Avery, John H., w h nw qr. 
 Perrine, James, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 26. 
 
 Snow, Josiah, e h ne qr. 
 
 HiBcock, James, w h ne qr. 
 
 Brooks, John W., e h se qr. 
 
 Nichols, Fanny, w h se qr and e h sw qr. 
 
 Smith, James, e h nw qr. 
 
 Avery, J. H., w h nw qr and w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 27. 
 
 Gilbert, John. 
 
 Section 28. 
 
 Shattock, R., ne qr of ne qr. 
 
 Brink, W., se qr of ne qr. 
 
 Allison, John, w h ne qr and e h nw qr. 
 
 Hulburt, W. , nw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Grant, O., sw qr of nw qr. 
 
 Gilbert, John, se qr. 
 
 Avery, John H., sw qr. 
 
 Section 29. 
 Morton, J., ne qr. 
 Batty, William, jr., e h se qr and e h sw 
 
 qr. 
 Morton, James T., w h se qr and sw qr of 
 
 sw qr. 
 Hurd, A., ne qr of nw qr. 
 Wood, T., se qr of nw qr. 
 Elliott, Isaac, w h nw qr. 
 Wood, T., nw qr of sw qr. 
 
 Section 30. 
 
 Elliott, Isaac, e h ne qr. 
 
 Howard, Cynthia, w h ne qr. 
 
 Wood, Thomas, sw qr and ne qr of se qr. 
 
 Valentine, M., se qr of se qr. 
 
 Parsons, O. and J. and P. R., w h se qr. 
 
 Row, Conrad, e h nw qr. 
 
 Rouse, Henry, w h nw qr. 
 
 Section 81. 
 
 Valentine, M., e h ne qr. 
 
 Wood, Thomas, w h ne qr and e h nw qr. 
 
 Gilbert, John, w h nw qr. 
 
 Gilbert, John, se qr. 
 
 Kearsley, Jonathan, sw qr. 
 
 Section 32. 
 
 Wood, Jacob, e h ne qr. 
 Avery, John H., w h ne qr and e h nw qr. 
 Kellogg, Horace, se qr. 
 Fuller, Lewis, w h nw qr. 
 Holmes, George C, e h sw qr. 
 Joslin, John, G.,w h sw qr. 
 Section 33. 
 Densmore, John, e h ne qr. 
 Waldron, Samuel, w h ne qr. 
 Albroe, John H., e h se qr. 
 Monson, J. A., w h se qr. 
 Albroe, George R., e h nw qr. 
 Crane, Orange, w h nw qr. 
 Waldron, Samuel, e h sw qr. 
 Turner, Charles, w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 34. 
 
 Ayers, Nathaniel B. , ne qr and e h nw 
 
 qr. 
 Austin, Phineas, e h se qr. 
 Brooks, Edmund, w h se qr. 
 Miller, Eleazer, jr., e h sw qr. 
 Parsons, John, w h nw qr. 
 Avery, John w h sw qr. 
 
 Section 35, 
 
 Hinkley, Sherman, ne qr. 
 
 Avery, J. H., e h se qr and w h nw qr and 
 
 w h sw qr. 
 Pratt, Oliver, e h nw qr. 
 Hatfield, Mason, e h sw qr. 
 
 Section 36. 
 
 Avery, John H., e h se qr. 
 
 Hinkley, S., e h se qr. 
 
 Rowley, Roderic, nw qr and w h ne qr. 
 
 Welch, Owen, w h se qr and e h sw qr. 
 
 Shipman, John, w h sw qr. 
 
 POSTOFFICE. 
 
 The postofBce was established in this town in 1834. Mr. Beck- 
 with, then living on the northeast quarter of section 7, was ap- 
 pointed postmaster. This postoffice was soon discontinued and 
 
cux^^ 
 
 ^e^/^ 
 
O^ii^'te. (^ Sa 
 
 1J^£.^^t^ 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1249 
 
 another located on the southeast corner of section 2, N. P. Parsons, 
 Postmaster. This office was also short-lived. As soon as the rail- 
 road came west of Tpsilanti, the stage on the south Ann Arbor # 
 and Ypsilanti road stopped running, and the postoffice was then 
 moved to section 23, John Hoy, postmaster. Mr. Hoy iinally 
 resigned and the town was without a postoffice about 18 years. On 
 the completion of the Toledo & Ann Arbor railroad in 1878, an 
 office was established at the junction, known as the Pittslield Junc- 
 tion. 
 
 PIONEERS. 
 
 The following brief personal mention of many of the pioneers 
 and pioneer families of Pittsfield were collected and prepared by 
 the Historical Committee: Messrs. Horace Carpenter, David Depue 
 and Randall Boss. Almost all these spoken of below have gone to that 
 country that is always new, although the trials and hardships of 
 pioneer life are never experienced. The committee deserves great 
 credit for the diligence exercised in collecting the material for 
 these sketcbes. ''?!?■;'' 'si 
 
 Jacob Aray (deceased) was born in Holland, Feb. 24, 1767. " He 
 emigrated to Washtenaw county with his parents, in 1774. He 
 died in Pittsfield tp., July 19, 1889. 
 
 Asher Aray (deceased) was a resident of ISTew Jersey. He re- 
 moved to Romulus, Seneca Co., N. Y., and in 1827, came to "Wash- 
 tenaw county, where he died June 26,1871. He was an efficient 
 "employe" of the Underground Railroad, and always kept a 
 wagon in his stable for the express purpose of conveying the fugi- 
 tive slaves to the borders of Canada. 
 
 L. S. Anderson was born at Middletown, Orange Co., N. Y., Aug. 
 12, 1821, and came to Michigan in 1832. On Oct. 31, 1842, he 
 married Eliza Dunn, who was born at Batavia, E". Y., Dec. 2, 1822. 
 They have six children. Mr. A. resides on sec. 4. 
 
 William E. Anderson (deceased) was born Oct. 7, 1817. He was 
 married, Oct. 20, 1842, to Cornelia Foster, who was born in Orange 
 Co., N. Y., June 5, 1827. Mr. Anderson died Jan. 8, 1879, aged 
 61 years, leaving a wife and four children. 
 
 John Anderson (deceased) was born at Belfast, Ireland, May 15, 
 1800. He came to Michigan in 1824. He was married in 1825 or 
 1826, to Laura Maynard, a sister of William S. (deceased) and John 
 W. Maynard, of Ann Arbor. Mrs. Anderson died in 1832. On 
 Feb. 5, 1836, Mr. A. was married again. His second wife was a 
 native of Herkimer Co., IST. Y., where she was born in 1805. She 
 came to Michigan in 1833. Mr. Anderson died May 7, 1878, aged 
 78 years. 
 
 Charles Anderson (deceased) was a native of Ireland, and his wife 
 a native of England. He emigrated to Washtenaw county, with 
 his wife and two daughters, locating on sec. 2, Pittsfield tp., Sept. 
 21, 1824. A son was born to this couple in E^ovember, 1824, being 
 
 72 
 
1250 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 the first white child born in the township. Mr. Anderson died in 
 1826 or 1827. 
 
 Aaron Barney removed from Wayne Co., Mich., and settled on 
 sec. 2, in the summer of 1824. He built a shop on Whitmore 
 creek, and with a turning lathe manufactured hay rakes, cradles, 
 etc., articles very essential to the settlers of a new country. 
 
 William Batty was born in Maryland, Jan. 10, 1785, and was 
 married Aug. 4, 1816, to Sarah Shepherd. Mrs. Batty was born in 
 New York, July 27, 1791, and died Sept. 18, 1879. Thirteen 
 children were born to them, seven of whom are living — Anna, who 
 was born May 15, 1817 ; Catherine S., born Feb. 28, 1819 ; Eva- 
 line, born March 15, 1821, and Eleanor, born Aug. 28, 1826. The 
 deceased are Dudley, who died March 24, 1856 ; Columbus, died 
 April 3, 1853 ; Gertrude A., died Oct. 25, 1847 ; Elijah M., died 
 July 17, 1854 , Emma, died Dec. 30, 1879 ; Sarah A., and Eliza, 
 who departed this life Jan. 25, 1873. 
 
 Claudius Britton located on section 3 of Pittsfield tp., June 4, 
 1824, and subsequently sold the land to Washtenaw county for the 
 purpose of a County Poor-House farm. He soon after moved out 
 of the township. 
 
 Talman Brown bought a tract of land located on section 11, which 
 had been purchased of Grovernment by Mr. Hardy. Mr. Brown was a 
 worthy citizen, and a good agriculturist. He died at his residence 
 on section 10. 
 / Ezra Carpenter (deceased) was born at Attleborough, Mass., Aug. 
 16, 1776. He removed to Groton, Tompkins Co., N. 1., in 1803, 
 and drew the first load of household goods ever brought into that 
 town, at a time when it was a wilderness, and heavily timbered. In 
 1826 he came to Michigan, arriving at Detroit May 12, and in 
 Pittsfield tp, fifteen days later. He located land on sections 11 and 
 12, now called " Carpenter's Corners." He was a faithful member 
 ot the Presbyterian Church, of Ypsilanti, and a "standard bearer" in 
 that body of Christians. He died Feb. 17,1841, aged 65 years. 
 
 Alpheus Collins located land on sections 21 and 10, residing on the 
 latter. He had three sons. One went as missionary to China, and 
 another to the Indian Territory. All three died early in life. Mr. 
 Collins and wife died in Livingston Co., Mich. 
 
 Moses F. Collins resided on the east part of the " Maynard pur- 
 chase, in sec. 3, it being the east half of the southeast quarter. He 
 lived there a number of years. 
 
 ^Andrew Coryell was born July 13, 1800. On Oct. 18, 1821, he mar- 
 ried Ea.therJDarpsiiJtfij', who was born Sept. 22, 1801. Mr. Carpen- 
 ter came to Michigan in 1826, and located on w h n e qr sec. 12, 
 on May 27. Mr. and Mrs. Coryell are residents of Kidgeway, 
 Lenawee Co.,- Michigan. 
 
 William Dix was born at Torrington, Conn., June 7, 1789. He 
 came to Michigan and located land on w h s e qr sec. 24, on 
 April 14, 1831. He was married in Oneida Co., N. Y., July 6, 
 1811, to Hannah Demming. Two of the children are living — 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1251 
 
 Mrs. Bradden, a resident of Ann Arbor, and Mrs. C. Holmes, re- 
 siding in Lenawee Co., Mich. 
 
 Joel Dunn was born in Massachitsetts, and came to Michigan in 
 1831. He married Polly Thompson, and she departed this life 
 June 12, 1870. Mr. Dunn died in 1861, aged 86 years. 
 
 Isaac Elliott (deceased) was born at Sharon, Litchfield Co., Conn., 
 July 9, 1806. He located land on sections 29 and 30, Sept. 31, 
 1831. He was married at Saline, March 11, 1834, to Sarah Hard. 
 The ceremony was performed by John Lawrence, Justice of the 
 Peace. Mrs. Elliott was born at Arminia, Dutchess Co., N. Y., Jan. 
 28,1816, and came to Michigan June 9, 1831. Mr. Elliott was a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian Church of Lodi tp., and was classed among 
 the more substantial men of the county. He removed to Ann 
 Arbor, where he passed the last years of his well-spent life. He 
 died Feb. 2, 1881, aged H years. 
 
 Conrad Eply, the first blacksmith in the town, lived on section 2 
 a short time. He had two daughters. One married Daniel Murell, 
 a brother of Mrs. McDowell ; the other married Mr. Belcher, a 
 young lawyer of Ann Arbor village. 
 
 David Hardy located farms on sections 14 and 15, on May 25, 
 1826. Mr. Hardy lived but a short time in this town, and then 
 removed to Oakville, Monroe Co., Mich, where he died at an ad- 
 vanced age. 
 
 John Hitchcock located on section 4, June 4, 1824. His family 
 consisted of himself and wife, his father and mother, four small 
 children, and a very aged lady, the grandmother of Mrs. Hitch- 
 cock. Mr. Hitchcock built a log house in the fall of the year of 
 his emigration to this county. It was a noble structure of the 
 kind, standing near the stone school-house, on a beautiful eminence, 
 and pleasant landscape surroundings. The corners are yet erect; 
 The " chinkings" plastered over between the venerable oak logs 
 with snow-white mortar, which gave it a neat and tidy appearance. 
 Dwellings of this kind have long since disappeared in its vicinity 
 and the old pioneers who pass this house are reminded of the pleas- 
 ures they enjoyed while living in an old log house at home. 
 
 Burroughs Holmes, son of Thomas and Catherine Eosekrans 
 Holmes, was born at ISfewburg, N. Y., Oct. 15, 1792. Feb. 2, 
 1817. He was married to Polly Denison, in the town of Bern, 
 Albany Co., N. Y. After residing successively at Royalton, Niag- 
 ara Co., Berne, Albany Co., and Saratoga Springs, Saratoga Co., 
 N. Y., in April, 1837, he removed to Michigan and took up his 
 residence in the town of Pittsfield, three miles south of Ann Arbor, 
 on a farm purchased of the heirs of Wm. McCollum. Here he 
 lived, with the exception of a few years spent in the city of Ann 
 Arbor toward the close of his life, until his death, which occurred 
 in Pittsfield March 8, 1860. Mr. Holmes was a man of very act- 
 ive mind, more than average intelligence, good judgment, sterling 
 worth, and highly esteemed by all who knew him. His widow, 
 who was the daughter of Ebenezer and Elizabeth Denison, and was 
 
1252 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 born in the town of Berne, Albany Co., N. Y., on the 12th day ot 
 April, 1797, survived him until Oct. 20, 1868, when she died 
 at Greenbush, N. T., where she was visiting at the time. Mrs. 
 Holmes was a woman of fine organization, well-balanced mind, 
 generous, loving and noble heart, conscientious and faithful, and 
 most beloved by those who knew her best. Their children were 
 Thomas, a son not named, Wm. Denison and Amanda, born at 
 Koyalton; Hiram, born at Berne; Helen Elizabeth, Orpha, Eliza- 
 beth, Burroughs Ebenezer and Frances Almy, born at Saratoga 
 Springs; and Alfred Henry and Polly Catherine, born at Pittsfield,. 
 Michigan. 
 
 Betsey Y. Howard, a daughter of Arba Hurd (deceased), was 
 born in Dutchess county, N. Y., Feb. 8, 1818. She was married 
 April 10, 1841, to Lewis T. Howard, a native of Granby, Oswego 
 county, iST. Y., where he was born April 11, 1819. He came to 
 Michigan in 1829. 
 
 John Hoy (deceased) was born in Ireland in 1789. He emigrated 
 to the United States, and settled in Genesee county, N . i., in 
 1812. Two years later he married, and in 1834 he located in Pitts- 
 field tp. He was a farmer and Postmaster in that town for 20' 
 years. He died in 1859, aged 69 years. 
 
 Arba Hurd (deceased) was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., Nov. 
 24, 1794. He was married Jan. 28, 1815, and removed to Michi- 
 gan in 1831. He arrived at Thomas "Woods' June 6, of that year. 
 He located land on section 19, and put up a log house, with places 
 sawed for doors and windows, but blankets serving as such. Mr. 
 Hurd had ten children born to him, four of whom are residents of 
 this county. Mr. Hurd died July 20, 1868. His wife, Cynthia 
 Hurd, was born in Dutchess countv, N. Y., Nov. 24, 1796. She 
 died Aug. 13, 1870. 
 
 Hebron Hurd was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., Sept. 28,- 
 1827, and removed to Michigan in June, 1831. He was married 
 March 28, 1865, to Jane A. Sutherland. Mrs. Hurd was born in 
 Ontario countv, K. Y., May 20, 1830, and came to Michigan in 
 1832. 
 
 Francis M. Lansing (deceased) was born at Charlestown, Mont- 
 gomery county, ]Sr. Y., July 5, 1791, and came to Michigan in 1834. 
 He was one of the original members of the Presbyterian Church of 
 Lodi Plains, and was deacon of thnt organization in 1844-'5. He 
 was colporteur of the American Tract Society for several years, and 
 for three months previous to his death was agent for the Washte- 
 naw County Bible Society. Mr. Lansing was married Feb. 1, 1810, 
 to Susannah Mount. Two children have been born to them, both 
 of whom are deceased — John F., born Dec. 12, 1810, died April 6, 
 1877, and Lydia M., born Oct. 2, 1813, and died March 19,1855. 
 
 Elijah Lathrop (deceased) was born at Lebanon, Conn., Feb. 25, 
 1776, and was married to Mary Barton Aug. 26, 1809. He located 
 land on section 18, Pittsfield tp., Sept. 28, 1832. His wife died 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1253 
 
 Feb. 25, 1846, and he lived with his son the remainder of his life. 
 Mr. Lathrop died Aug. 25, 1871, aged 95 years. 
 
 Horace Lathrop (deceased) a son of Elijah Lathrop, was born at 
 Hartford, IST. H., Feb. 10, 1806, He removed to Batavia Co., N. 
 Y., where, in March, 1828, he married Jane Dunn. He arrived in 
 Michigan Feb. 25, 1833, and settled on a farm in Pittsiield tp., en- 
 tered the preceding year by his father. Mrs. Lathrop died in Oc- 
 tober, 1866. Mr. Lathrop died March 6, 1880, aged 74 years. 
 
 James Martin (deceased) was of Irish and Scotch descent, and 
 born Jan. 15, 1793. He emigrated to Michigan in the spring of 
 1825, and permanently settled on section 13, May 24 of that year. 
 He married Letitia Depue, who was born in Seneca Co., N. T., 
 Feb. 8, 1799. She died Jan. 10, 1881, aged 81 years. Mr. Martin 
 died Oct. 18, 1862, aged 69 years. 
 
 Samuel D. McDowell was one of the two who first located in 
 Pittsfield tp. He was a native of Chemung, Chemung Co., N. Y., 
 and arrived at Detroit in April, 1824. Mr. McDowell located on 
 the southwest quarter of section 2. Mr. and Mrs. McDowell had 
 an infant daughter (now Mrs. Hall, of Ann Arbor) when they ar- 
 rived in the county, and Oct. 7, 1825, a son was born to them, the 
 second child born in the neighborhood. This son erected the first 
 barn that was raised in Pittsfield tp. without the aid of whisky. 
 
 Ezra Maynard (deceased) was born at Conway, Mass. He came 
 west with his son Charles, and located a tract of land on section 3, 
 erecting a house in June, 1824. He married Kaney Mosely in 1799. 
 She bore him nine children — Charles M., born in 1800; William 
 L., born in April, 1802; Laura, Julia (the two latter were married 
 at the same time, in 1826, being the first marriage performed in 
 Pittsfield tp.); Abba M., Maria (the two latter the first and second 
 wives of James T. Allen); Eliza, Lucretia and John W. Mrs. May- 
 nard died in 1856. Mr. Mavnard departed this life at Onondaga, 
 Mich., in 1876. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Nesbit (deceased) was born in 1765, and came to 
 Michigan in 1831, where she died April 1, 1850. Her daughter, 
 Sarah, was born April 12, 1778, and married Henry Wilsey at 
 Leroy, Genesee Co.. N. Y., in 1816. Mr. Wilsey was born Sept. 2, 
 1783. Mrs. Wilsey is now living with her son, Joseph Moses Wil- 
 sey, who was born at Leroy, Genesee Co., N. Y. He was married 
 in New York to Amanda Holmes, and came to Michigan in 1831. 
 
 George W. Noyes located on the east half of the northwest quar- 
 ter of section lO^on May 24, 1824. 
 
 "Russell Parker (deceased) married Hannah Coning Jan. 1, 1829. 
 He had all his worldly effects burned with the house of M. Whit- 
 man, eight days after his marriage. He then removed to Lima 
 tp., where both died, honored and respected by all who knew them. 
 
 Alvah Pratt (deceased) was born in Paulet, Yt., Aug. 13, 1805. 
 He was married March 11, 1830, to Sarah B. Crouch, who was born 
 in Vermont, Oct. 31, 1811. They emigrated to this country, and 
 located on section 25, Pittsfield tp., where Mrs. Pratt died, Aug. 13, 
 
1254: HISTORY OF AVASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 1863, aged 50 years. Mr. Pratt was married June 2, 1864, to Mrs. 
 Emily Young." Mr. Pratt died at Ann Arbor, Nov. 14, 1878, 
 aged 73 years. He was a deacon and elder in the Presbyterian 
 Church at Stony Creek, and one .of its builders and supporters, 
 until he removed to Ann Arbor. He was well respected, and hosts 
 of friends mourned his loss. 
 
 Fletcher N". Pruden was born at Milford, Conn., Aug. 25, 1772. 
 He located on section 1, this tp., Feb. 3, 1825. Mr. Prudeu 
 died Feb. 6, 1842. 
 
 George Stuck, farmer, Pittsfield tp., was born in Pennsylvania, 
 in 1794. He came to this tp. in 1836. He learned the car- 
 penter's trade and followed it to some extent. 
 
 William Taylor (deceased) was born in England, in 1777; he 
 was married at Maidstone, Eng., in 1800 and emigrated to New York 
 in 1833. He came to Michigan three years later, locating in 
 Pittsfield tp., Washtenaw county. Mr. Taylor died in 1852, and 
 his wife followed him in 1858. Their daughter, Letitia, was 
 born in 1804. She was married in New York in 1835, to Stephen 
 Norgate, who was born in England in 1806. They emigrated to 
 Michigan in 1886, and settled in Pittsfield tp., where Mr. Norgate 
 passed his life, and died April 8, 1879. Mrs. Norgate still resides 
 in the old homestead. 
 
 Oliver Whitmore, in conjunction with Samuel D. McDowell, 
 made the first settlement in Pittsfield tp. Mr. Whitmore camped 
 out, while erecting his house, Mrs. Whitmore tenting on the 
 ground, and cooking for the builders. The house was ready for the 
 inmates about June 1, 1824. Mr. Whitmore was located on sections 
 10 and 11. Mr. Whitmore was a native of Massachusetts, and his 
 wife, of New York. Mr. Whitmore emigrated from Wolcott, Wayne 
 Co., New York. His children were Yenus, Oliver, Joseph, and 
 Walstin, the latter being onlj 12 years old at the time of removal. 
 The children were all natives of New York. 
 
 Luke H. Whitmore and wife Phoebe came to Michigan from 
 Seneca, Ontario Co., N. Y., in the spring of 1825. They located on 
 sections 2 and 11. Their family consisted of Hannah Coning (a 
 niece of Mr. Whitmore) Emily (a grown daughter), Ezra, Alfred, 
 Egbert, Charlotte and Luke. Emily died Sept. 12, 182-'), the 
 first adult death in the town, and also Washtenaw county. Char- 
 lotte married Daniel Terhune, and is living at Hartford, Livingston 
 Co., Michigan. 
 
 Thomas Wood (deceased) was born at Norwich, New York, May 
 21, 1805. He came to Michigan in 1826, and located the farm on 
 which he passed the remainder of his days. On April 30, 1829, he 
 married Harriet Wickham, who was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 21, 1809. Eight children were born to them, five of whom 
 grew to maturer years. Sarah Wood Smith, wife of Edward 
 Smith, of Neenah, Wis., is the only surviving daughter. 
 Thomas Wood, jr., (deceased), was born March 3, 1849. He was 
 married Oct. 1, 1868, to Emma Olmstead. They have two sons 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1255 
 
 and one daughter, residents of Detroit, Mich. Mr. Wood was very- 
 successful in accumulating property, and gave much thought to 
 horticulture, as his fine orchards abundantly proved. His farm was 
 called the " Peacock Valley," from the large number of those fowls 
 always kept on the premises. During a religious revival in 1843, 
 Mr. Wood united with the Presbyterian Church at Saline. In 
 1846 he was appointed ruling elder in that body, which position 
 he acceptably filled till death. In 1844 he was elected to repre- 
 sent Michigan in the Legislative Halls of Congress. His duties 
 were performed in his usual quiet, practical manner, desiring ever 
 that justice and truth should triumph. He died Sept. 21, 1865, in 
 the 61st year of his age. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 ToPittsfield belongs the honor of having erected the first school- 
 house in Washtenaw county. It was located on the northwest 
 quarter of section 11. It was erected in the summer of 1825 and was 
 huilt of logs. In 1876 several of the old logs were lying upon the 
 lot where the house once stood. They were taken, sawed up, and 
 converted into canes, many of which are now owned by men and 
 women, who, as boys and girls, received their regular floggings in 
 connection with and as part of their education in that old school- 
 house. On the completion of the new building, a Sunday-school 
 and a week-day school, instituted by Miss Harriet Parsons, was 
 transferred from the shades of a venerable oak that had withstood 
 the storms of a hundred years, to the new school-house. 
 
 The settlement of boundaries of school districts was one of the 
 most diflicult things to adjust. A movement in one part of the town 
 would interfere with the prospects in other parts, thus setting ia 
 motion the diversified interests of all. The question finally be- 
 came settled, resulting in the formation of three whole and six frac- 
 tional districts. 
 
 Fractional district ISTo. 1 is composed of the whole of sections 1, 
 
 2 and 11, and parts of sections 10, 12, 13 and 14, with a portion of 
 
 Tpsilanti. The school-house is located on the line between sections 
 
 -11 and 12, and is valued at $850. This district was organized Nov. 
 
 25, 1837. J. L. Wallace is the present director. 
 
 Fractional district No. 7 is composed of all of section No. 3, and 
 parts, of sections 4, 9,10 and 16, with a part of Ann Arbor. 
 The school-house is situated on the southwest quarter of section 3, 
 and is valued at $550. Frederick Hutzel is the present director. 
 
 All of sections 5, 6, 7 and 8, with parts of sections 4, 9, 16, 17 and 
 18, compose fractional district No. 3, together with a small portion 
 ot Ann Arbor and Lodi. The district is quite large, the school- 
 house being on the southeast quarter of section 8, and is valued at 
 $1,000. Henry Paul is the present director. 
 
 The first school in this district was taught by Miss Susan Olds, 
 during the summer of 1832, in the old "Mrs. Mills' house," on the 
 
1256 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTr. 
 
 opposite side of the road where stands tlie present school-house. 
 School was taught in four different localities before a school-house 
 was built. The first school-house was built of logs, in 1835, and 
 stood on the north end of west half of northeast quarter section 17. 
 John Green was the builder, and Philander Howe the first teacher. 
 The second school-house was a frame, and built by Peter Van Win- 
 kle, in 1840, on the east half of southwest quarter section 6, and 
 Samantha Joslin was the first teacher. The third school-house, 
 and the present one, was built of brick, by Stephen Mills, in 1856, 
 and the first tescher was E. C. Warner. 
 
 District No. 5 comprises all of section 20, and parts of sections 
 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 28, 29 and 30. The school-house is on section 
 20, and is valued at $800. Tobias Sutherland is the present 
 director. 
 
 All of sections 15 and 22, with parts of sections 14, 16,21, 23, 
 26 and 27, comprise district No. 3. The school-house is on the 
 northeast quarter of section 22, and was erected in 1852. It is val- 
 ued at $900. T. J. Smurthwaite is the present director. 
 
 District No. 6 is composed of all of section 24, and parts of sec- 
 tions 13, 14, 23, 25 and 26. The school-house is on section 24, and 
 is valued at $500. Grove Sanders is the present director. 
 
 Fractional district No. 2 comprises all of sections 35 and 36, 
 and parts of sections 25, 26 and 34, and part of York. Its school- 
 house is located on the southwest quarter of section 36. It is val- 
 ued at $500. Henry Coe is the present director. 
 
 Fractional district No. 4 comprises parts of sections 32, 33, 
 and 34, with part of the town of York, the school-house being sit- 
 uated in York, and valued at $400. 
 
 Fractional district No. 7 is composed of parts of sections 27, 
 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32, with the school-house on the southeast quar- 
 ter of section 29, valued at $400. Frederick Hutzel is the present 
 director. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 Elder Twist, a Baptist minister, resided in the town about 1827 
 to 1829. He had appointments to preach where there were school-, 
 houses, and also at private houses in different parts of the town. 
 Kevs. Baughman, Colclazer, Garley and Pilcher were among the 
 pioneer Methodist Episcopal ministers, but none of them resided 
 in the town. Revs. Page, Beach, Cleveland, Kanouse, Clark, Jones 
 and Weed, Presbyterians, also held services occasionally in the 
 town. Being convenient to Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti and Saline, the 
 citizens of this town have not so much felt the necessity for the 
 erection of a house of worship, but assemble for that purpose in 
 one of the towns mentioned, as is most convenient, although the 
 Wesleyan Methodists, in 1846, erected a church on section 27, sus- 
 taining services therein until 1860, when the organization was 
 abandoned, the greater part of its members uniting at Saline. 
 
VI PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1257 
 
 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGEAPHT. 
 
 In a paper read before the Pioneer Society, Horace Carpenter 
 says: "Tlie geology of this town is different in many respects from 
 any other town in the county. There is no body of water that de- 
 serves the name of lake. Several brooks and crteks have their rise 
 from springs on section 16, known as the big marsh, which covers 
 about 2,600 acres of land with a deep, rich muck, and an inex- 
 haustible deposit of bog lime, with a large quantity of various 
 kinds of timber, imbedded forages in a sound state of preservation. 
 Bones of large animals have also been exhumed, six feet in length, 
 indicating a larger species of animals than the elk. A theory pre- 
 vails that this whole country was once submerged, that the water 
 was level with Lake Superior on the northern shore of Lake Huron. 
 There is an immense quantity of conglomerate rock, fragments of 
 which have been brought by icebergs and scattered over the eastern 
 part of our lower peninsula, as far as the ridge that appears in 
 the southern part of our county, the shore of a great inter-sea. 
 Beautiful specimens of this rock have been found in this town, con- 
 taining as many as eight different bright colors. When the waters 
 assuaged, this great marsh was no doubt a shallow lake, which was 
 gradually filled, first, on the surface with decayed vegetation and the 
 deposit of lime^from calcareous water. On Spring Creek, Horace 
 Kellogg and son burned and sold over 150,000 bushels of lime in 
 from 12 to 15 years, averaging 280 bushels per week, until the high 
 price of fuel and the low price of lime caused them to abandon the 
 enterprise. Millions of bushels are yet on deposit for future gen- 
 erations, which may be brought to the surface, dried, burned, or 
 f round by windmill power, and sown on uplands as a fertilizer. 
 [r. Kellogg states that on one occasion, in taking out lime they 
 went down nine feet and struck a hard blue clay, and, shoving the 
 spade down into the clay, water burst up in great force, filling the 
 opening so suddenly that the workmen just escaped being caught, 
 and that the water is still running over, a fine stream which was 
 started over 35 years ago. The deposit of bones was no doubt caused 
 by animals breaking through the turf and perishing in the waters be- 
 low, before the cavities were filled with muck and lime. It is said 
 that on section 27 there was a sink some rods in length and 70 
 feet deep, on the Toledo, Ann Arbor & Northern railroad. That 
 part of the great marsh that has been cleared and ditched is very 
 productive, and when the whole is reclaimed it will be the most 
 valuable part of the town." 
 
 DEBATING OLUB. 
 
 In the same article from which the foregoing extract is made, Mr. 
 Carpenter says: "A debating club or lyceum was formed in 1827, 
 at the first school-house in the town. All the great questions of 
 the day were discussed at its weekly meetings. At the time the 
 
1358 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 capital punishment bill was before the Legislature, the bill was con- 
 sidered and argued several weeks, with Henry Corapton as chair- 
 man. It was decided in the affirmative on the question " Ought 
 capital punishment to be abolished by law? " This was prior to 
 the debate in the Legislature, and equally as interesting and in- 
 structive. The members of the club were energetic and persevering 
 citizens, not one of them having advantage of academic or college 
 lore. But when Young America came from the graded school and 
 college, having seen Webster's Unabridged, and that some of the 
 old- fogy members called their -parents y^arther instead of father, 
 with a great number of inconsistencies, the club was soon after dis- 
 solved. The records should liave been preserved." 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 No physicians settled in this town prior to 1835, when Dr. Nathan 
 Webb arrived. He still resides in the town and engages in his 
 profession. Dr. Nichols, of Ann Arbor, was one of the first physi- 
 cians to attend the afilicted in town. Drs. Lord, Denton, Cole 
 and Brigham, who once did business in this town, have gone to 
 the spirit land. Drs. Pomeroy, Millington, Town and Fairchild, 
 from Ypsilanti, were also early doctors who visited the town in a 
 professional manner. 
 
 SDPERVISOES OF THE TOWN. 
 
 In 47 years Pittsfield has been represented by 11 members of the 
 Board of Supervisors. John Allison was elected in 1834. He was 
 born in the county of Kent, Pennsylvania, Feb. 24, 1797; came 
 to Michigan in 1831; died in Pittsfield, July 28, 1874. Samuel 
 D. McDowell was elected in the years 1835 and 1841. He was 
 born in Chemung county, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1797; came to Michigan 
 in 1824; died in Ypsilanti June 2, 1870. Alanson Doty was 
 elected in 1836. Mr. Doty was born in Eensselaerville, Albany 
 Co, N. Y., April 11, 1800, and came to Michigan and settled in 
 Pittsfield in 1832. 'He died in Northfield, January, 1866. Heman 
 Ticknor was first elected in 1887, and re-elected in 1838, 1842, 1843 
 and 1844. He was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, March 17, 1792, 
 and came to Michigan in 1835. He died, in Pittsfield, March 20, 
 1864. Ezra W. Whitmore was elected in 1845, and re-elected 
 in 1846 and 1847. Horace Carpenter was elected in 1848 and*^^ 
 re-elected in 1849. (See sketch in City of Ann Arbor.) Nathan 
 Webb was elected in 1850 and again in 1857, 1858 and 1859. 
 (See sketch.) Allen Crittenden was elected in 1861 and re-elected 
 annually until 1857; was again elected in 1860, and re-elected each 
 year until 1869. (See sketch.) David Wilsey was elected in 1869, 
 and re-elected each year until 1875. (See sketch.) David Depue 
 was elected in 1875. (See sketch.) Morton F. Case was elected in 
 1876 and re-elected each year up to the present time. (See sketch.) 
 
PITT8FIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1259 
 
 OTHER TOWN OFFICERS. 
 
 The following named have served in the offices mentioned : 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 Jared B. Cornish 1834-35 
 
 Marshall Newell 1836-43 
 
 John Hoy 1836-43 
 
 Edwin L.Aiken 1844 
 
 Hebron Hurd 1853-54 
 
 Charles D. Prichard 1855 
 
 Edwin L.Aiken 1856 
 
 Jacob Wallace 1857-60 
 
 Alveraon Drury 186 1-62 
 
 Wm. W. Harwood 1863 
 
 Andi-ew Campbell 1864 
 
 William Allison 1865-68 
 
 C. Homer Cady 1869-70 
 
 Henry H. Preston 1871-73 
 
 Wm. K. Childs 1878-78 
 
 Thos. J. Smurthwate 1880 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 Oliver Whitmore 1834 
 
 t' Justus Carpenter 1834 
 
 Myron H. Warner 1837 
 
 John Hoy 1838 
 
 Heman Ticknor 1839-41 
 
 Colwell H. Spaulding 1843 
 
 Tolman Brown 1843 
 
 John Hoy 1846 
 
 David Wilsey : 1848-49 
 
 Philo A. Pritchard 1850 
 
 James B. Alexander 1851 
 
 Alverson Drury 1852-53 
 
 Edwin L. Aikens 1854 
 
 Alphonso Piatt 1855-56 
 
 Edwin L. Aikens 1857 
 
 Hebron Hurd 1838-59 
 
 David P. Matteson 1860 
 
 James P. Smith 1861-63 
 
 H. D. Piatt 1863-64 
 
 Andrew Campbell 1865-66 
 
 Charles T. Henion 1867-68 
 
 Eobert Campbell 1869-70 
 
 Frederick Hutzel 1871-74 
 
 Edward L. J. Smith 1875 
 
 Adam Bohmet 1876 
 
 H. H. Webb 1877-78 
 
 Wm. H. Donaldson 1879-80 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Jefferson H. Beckwith 1836 
 
 Colwell H. Spaulding 1836 
 
 Jared B. Cornish 1836 
 
 Jarvis Leonard 1836 
 
 Roderick Rowley 1887 
 
 Elijah Lathrop 1837 
 
 /(-Horace Carpenter 1838 
 
 Alvah Pratt 1889 
 
 Levi Rogers 1840 
 
 Heman Ticknor 1841 
 
 Elijah Lathrop 1842 
 
 Caleb Boss 1843 
 
 John F. Lansing 1844 
 
 Heman Ticknor 1 845 
 
 Robert J. Barry 1846 
 
 Zina K. Lay 1847 
 
 John F. Lansing 1^48 
 
 Henry Rinsey 1849 
 
 David Depue 1850 
 
 ' ZinaK. Lay 1851 
 
 John F. Lansing 1853 
 
 Heman Ticknor 1853 
 
 David Depue ' 1854 
 
 Alverson Drury 1855 
 
 Sherman Hinckley 1856 
 
 James Sumner 1857 
 
 David Wilsey 1858 
 
 E. L. Aiken 1859 
 
 Gt. M. Henion (to fill vacancy). . .1859 
 Sheiman Hinckley 1860 
 
 George W. Cook 
 
 G. W. Henion 
 
 James Sumner 
 
 Nelson Booth 
 
 Alverson Drury 
 
 David Matteson (to fill vacancy). 
 
 James L. Wheelock 
 
 Robert Geddes (to fill vacancy). 
 
 George M. Henion 
 
 Wm. R. Martin (to fill vacancy) 
 
 Andrew Campbell 
 
 Wilbur E. H. Lobeer 
 
 James L. Wheelock 
 
 N. C. Carpenter (to fill vacancy).. 
 
 Randall Boss 
 
 Roswell Preston (to fill vacancy) 
 
 William Allison 
 
 W. Webb (to fill vacancy) 
 
 George Hutzel (to fill vacancy).. 
 
 Seth Sumner 
 
 J. L. Wheelock 
 
 Nathan Webb 
 
 Edwin W.Ford 
 
 Seth Sumner 
 
 J. L. Wheelock 
 
 Nathan Webb (to fill vacancy). . 
 
 Edwin W. Ford 
 
 F. D. Rothfin (to fill vacancy).. 
 
 James D. Allison 
 
 Charles E. Pickett 
 
 .1861 
 . 1863 
 
 1863 
 .1863 
 
 1864 
 .1804 
 .1865 
 .1865 
 .1866 
 .1866 
 ,1867 
 .1868 
 .1869 
 .1869 
 ,1870 
 .1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 ,1871 
 
 1873 
 
 .1878 
 
 .1874 
 
 .1875 
 
 .1876 
 
 .1877 
 
 .1877 
 
 .1878 
 
 .1878 
 
 .1878-79 
 
 .1880 
 
1260 HISTORY OF WASaXENAW 'cOUNTT. 
 
 BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Following are the biographical sketches of many of the naost 
 prominent citizens of Pittsfield township: 
 
 James D. Allison was born Oct. 25, 1825, in York Co., Pa., and is a son of John 
 and Elizabeth Allen, who removed to Ontario Co., N. Y., when James D. was but 
 an infant. They resided there about six years and then emigrated to Washtenaw 
 county, locating in June, 1831. Soon after arrival Mr. Allison felled a tree and 
 placed his anvil on the stump. He built a rough shed and covered it with bark. 
 In this rude shop he began to work and subsequently erected a better one. It was 
 the first blacksmith-shop in Pittsfield tp. Mrs. Allison died April 13, 1856, and Mr. 
 Allison passed away from earth July 28, 1874. He was a member of the Presby- 
 terian Church, and died in the firm belief of a reward in the great hereafter. James 
 D. assisted his father in the shop, and before reaching his majority, was considered 
 a fine workman. In 1864 he began working in the Government machine shops at 
 Detroit, where he remained 20 years. At the expiration of this time he was 
 appointed by Government Assistant Collector and Inspector, and occupied that po- 
 sition for eight years. He then returned to the old homestead, and has since fol- 
 lowed the occupation of a farmer. Mr. Allison was twice elected Justice of the 
 Peace, and in 1879 was appointed Postmaster of Pittsfield, the office, being opened 
 by him Oct. 9, of that year. Nov. 20, 1857, he married Mary Lake, born in Steuben 
 Co., U. Y., March 17, 1829, and daughter of William and Sarah Lake. Six chil- 
 dren have been born to them — William H., Amelia M., Emma M., John D., Charles 
 H. and Allie C. Mr. Allison owns 159 acres of land under a high state of cultiva- 
 tion. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He resides on sec. 28. 
 
 Mathias V. Blackmur is a native of this county, and was born June 2, 1831. His 
 parents, Suel and Mabel Blackmur, emigrated from New York to Washtenaw 
 county in 1830, where they remained a number of years; thence to Hillsdale county 
 where they reside at present. Mathias was reared to manhood by his grandfather 
 Valentine, and July 2, 1857, he married Sylvia C. Jackson, who was born in Yates 
 Co., N. Y., Deo. 5, 1832. They have 2 children— Charlotte R. and Caroline. On 
 March 31, 1879, Mrs. Blackmur departed this life and passed to the great beyond. 
 She was a kind and amiable wife, and was mourned by a large circle of friends and 
 acquaintances. April 6, 1880, Mr, B. married Mrs. Melissa Hall, relict of William 
 G. Hall (deceased) and daughter of Joseph and Clarissa Mitchell. Mrs. Blackmur 
 had 2 children born to her by her first husband— Emma A. and William A. Mr. 
 Blackmur enlisted in Co. B, 23d Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and received three slight 
 wounds during his three years' service in the army. Mr. and Mrs. B. are members 
 of the M. E. Church, and he is a member of the Masonic fraternity. 
 
 Randall Boss, farmer, sec. 24, was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., June 13, 1812, and 
 is the son of Caleb and Polly Boss, natives of Rhode Island. When Randall was 
 six years old, his parents moved to Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., where they re- 
 sided three years, subsequently removing to Steuben Co., where Randall became of 
 age. His father was a blacksmith, and Mr. Boss assisted him from the age of 14 
 until he was 21. He emigrated to Michigan in 1833, stopping one winter in Ypsi- 
 lanti, where he worked at his trade, and the next spring pushing on to Clinton, 
 Lenawee Co., where he resided for two years. In 1836 he removed to Jonesville, 
 Hillsdale Co., and in connection with his brother, Truman, opened a blacksmith- 
 shop, operating it for six years. In 1843 he returned to Washtenaw county, where 
 he bought land in sec. 26, Pittsfield tp. He resided there, working at his trade a 
 good part of the time until 1871, when he purchased his present tract of land, and 
 erected a large and commodious residence. Feb. 15, 1842, he married Lucelta T. 
 Lytle, who was born in Cayuga Co.. N. Y., June 8, 1817. The fruit of this union 
 was the birth of 2 children, 1 surviving— Clarence M., born Jan. 2, 1850, and isnow 
 a civil engineer in the Lake Superior region. Mr. Boss was in the famous Toledo war 
 under Gov. Mason, and at present is Vice-President of the Pioneer Society of Wash- 
 tenaw County for Pittsfield tp., and an active worker collecting material for this 
 volume. 
 
 Myron Cady was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., June 6, 1832. His parents were 
 Hiram and Mary Cady, the former once the owner of the celebrated Saratoga 
 Springs. They came to this tp. in 1833, and settled on sec. 35, where Mr. Cady 
 died in 1851. His widow survived until 1877. Myron has been engaged in agri- 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1261 
 
 cultural pursuits the greater part of his life, with the exception of four years engaged 
 in the livery business in Ypsilanti, and three years in buying produce. Since 1876 
 he has devoted his time exclusively to farming and stock-raising. He vras 
 married Dec. 8, 1859, to Emily J. Briggs, a native of Livingston Co., N. Y., where 
 she was boru in 1839. Ten children have been born to bless this alliance— Hiram, 
 Minnie, Joseph S., Ella, Walter, Delia, Myron, Charles H., and Blanche. Mr. 
 Cady has served the citizens of Pittstield tp. in several local offices. He owns 330 
 acres of well-improved land in sec. 34. 
 
 Morton P. Case, sec. 23; P. O., Ypsilanti; was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., Aug 
 22, 1840, and is a son of Richmond and Lydia Case. Morton was reared on a farm, 
 and received his educational training in the common schools and the academy at 
 Canadaigua, N. Y. He commenced to teach school at the latter place, since which 
 time he has taught district schools eight winters, five of which were in this county. 
 The last few years he devoted his entire time to farming. He was married Feb. 23, 
 1865, to Gertrude Dibble, who was born in St. Joseph Co., Ind., Sept. 9, 1846. Two 
 children have been born to them — Mark C. and Clara L. Mr. Case enjoys the 
 confidence of his fellow citizens, and has represented Pittsfield tp. in the Board of 
 Supervisors since 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Case are members of the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 Philander Chandler, farmer, Pittsfield tp., was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., Dec. 
 20, 1830. His parents, Silas and Nancy Chandler, were natives of New York, but 
 removed to Ohio at an early day, where they passed the remainder of their lives. 
 Philander resided in Ohio for over 25 years, and when a youth was sent to Ober- 
 lin College, where he received a classical education. He graduated from the law 
 department of Medina College, and was admitted to the Bar in the village bearing 
 that name. In 1859 he married Susan C. Cox. They have 4 children — Lillie, 
 Carrie, Anna and Todd. For many years Mrs, Chandler was a teacher in the 
 graded schools of Oberlin, Ohio. Mr. Chandler was actively engaged in dififerent 
 business occupations. He was traveling salesman for the Eureka Lead Paint 
 Works, also the Russell Agricultural Co., at the same time owning 700 acres of 
 improved land. He was a drover in California for five years, and lately has been 
 engaged in the hotel business at Ann Arbor. In the latter part of 1880 ne pur- 
 chased of Nelson Booth a large farm in Pittsfield tp., where he resides at present. 
 
 Clinton Clark was born in this county July 22, 1838. His parents, Lemuel and 
 Parmelia Clark, were natives of New York, and emigrated to this county in 1835, 
 settling on the farm where now resides the subject of this sketch. Mr. Clark was 
 raised a "farmer's boy," and received a common- school education. He was mar- 
 ried Sept. 8, 1872, to Emma E. Clark, who was born in Ionia Co., Mich., May 17, 
 1847. They have 1 child — Frank. Mr. Clark owns a one-third interest in the old 
 homestead, which comprises 230 acres of well-improved land. He is a membsr 
 of the Masonic fraternity at Saline. 
 
 Henry C. Clark was born in Lorain Co., Ohio, April 19, 1844. His parents. 
 Miles D. and Mary P. Clark, were natives of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 
 respectively, and settled in Ohio in 1838, where the former still resides. Henry C. 
 received his early education in the district schools of Ohio, and subsequently at- 
 tended college at Monmouth, 111., but was compelled to leave school on account 
 of ill health. He returned home, and soon after made a trip to Put-in Bay, for the 
 benefit of his health. He enlisted in Co. E, 17th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf, and at the 
 battle of Spottsylvania Court-House he received a wound that rendered further 
 service impossible. He was honorably discharged at Detroit in 1865. Since that 
 time he has been engaged in different kinds of business, and at present makes a 
 specialty of raising a fine breed of fowls. He was married Jan. 3, 1874, to Sarah 
 Mead, who was born at Florence, Ontario Co., N. Y., July 29, 1854. The fruit of 
 this union has been the birth of 4 children— Mary, George, Elizabeth and 
 Ella. 
 
 E. W. Codington was born in New York, Feb. 28, 1841. His parents were 
 George B. and Minerva E. (Pease) Codington. His father was a machinist, but 
 is now deceased. The mother is a resident of Syracuse, N. Y. Mr. Codington 
 was married April 2, 1870, to Anna V. Ledyard, who was born in Lewis Co., N. 
 Y., Nov. 22, 1844. They are the parents of 2 children— Harry and Maude. Mrs. 
 C. is a member of the Congregational Church, and Mr. C. is connected with the 
 Masonic fraternity. Since 1878 he has devoted his time and attention to farming 
 and stock-raising, and owns 100 acres of good land. 
 
1262 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 David Cody, a promiuent and well-respected farmer of Pittsfield tp., "nas born 
 in Oswego county N. Y., Jan. 20, 1830. He is the son of John and Sallie Cody, 
 natives of New York and ^'ermout respectively. jMrs. Cody was killed by light- 
 ning in New York, when David was but eight years of age, and in iy::i3 his 
 father came to "Washtenaw count}', settling on a tract of land where now resides 
 the subject of this sketch. Mr. Codj'- was instrumental in the early settlement 
 and improvement of this county, and died April 20, 1862, full of honor and of 
 years. David was raised a " farmer's boy," and received his educational training 
 "in the district school. He was married Jan. 18, 1853, to Maria Hurd, who was 
 born in Dutchess county N. Y., July 11, 1823. Mrs. Cody died Aug. 15, 1869. 
 In 1872 Mr. Cody married Louise Norgate, a native of this county, and born Jan. 
 13, 1842. The fruit of this union lias been the birth of 2 children — William 
 and Mary L. jMr. Cody owns 300 acres of land, under a high state of cultivation. 
 
 Joseph Crane (deceased), one of the illustrious pioneers of this region, was 
 born May 1, 1801, in the forests of Ohio, where now stands the city of Cincinnati. 
 His father died when he was quite young, and he then went to New Jersey, and 
 subsequently to Seneca county, N. Y. In 1824 he came to Washtenaw county, 
 and remained two years, returning to New York. In 1880 he came out again, 
 arriving here April 28. Oct. 12 of the same year he married Eliza Huff, who 
 was born in Seneca county, Oct. 12, 1811. Ten children were born to this union, 
 8 of whom are living— Mary L., Sarah L., Emily H., Amanda, Harriet, Will- 
 iam E., George W. and Ida E . Mr. Crane has been laid to rest to await the great 
 and iinal day. He was a faithful and consistent member of the Presbyterian 
 Church the last 25 years of his life. 
 
 Allen Crittenden was born Jan. 7, 1810, in Ontario county, N. Y., and was a son 
 of Chester and Arzuba Crittenden, natives of Connecticut. Allen was reared on a 
 farm, and secured his education in the common schools. He emigrated to Wash- 
 tenaw count}', Mich., in 1831, and settled on sec. 35, Pittstield tp., where he re- 
 sided until 1875. At that time he erected a large and handsome residence on sec. 
 34, where he lives at present. On Oct. 19, 1830, he married Emily Reed, a native 
 of Ontario county, N. Y., where she was born in 1813. Ten children have been 
 sent to bless this union — Sophia, Mason H., Silas B., Newton E., Mary, Amelia, 
 Samuel R., Nash A., Ida M. and Dwight A. Mr. Crittenden has been verj^ suc- 
 cessful in life, in a financial way, and now owns 300 acres of -well-improved land. 
 Mr. Crittenden has been prominently identified with the growth of Pittsfield 
 tp., and served as Supervisor for several years, nine years in succession. He is a 
 man bearing the confidence and good wishes of his fellow citizens, and an earnest 
 and faithful laborer in the Pioneer Societj' of Washtenaw county. 
 
 F. C. Crittenden, farmer, sec. 35 ; P. O., Ypsilanti; was born in Ontario county, 
 N. Y., March 14, 1832, and came to this county with his parents in 1831. On Nov. 
 27, 1844, he married Martha Barr, a native of Seneca county, N. Y., where she was 
 born Oct. 30, 1822. Mr. Crittenden was raised a " farmer's boy," and received the 
 educational advantages that were offered by the district schools of his youthful 
 days He started out in life for himself with little capital, but a vast amount of 
 pluck and energy. ^ He began farming on a small scale, but as the years passed by 
 his farm increased in acreage and wealth, until now he possesses a linely improved 
 tract of 400 acres, with all the modern improvements that could be purchased to 
 make farming easy and profitable. Mr. Crittenden is still a tiller of the soil, but 
 has accumulated a sufficient competency to keep him the remainder of his life. 
 
 Nash A. Crittenden, son of Allen and Emily (Reed) Crittenden, was born in 
 Washtenaw county, Nov. 9, 1850, and grew to manhood on his father's estate. He 
 received his preliminary education in the district schools, and subsequently 
 attended the State Normal school at Ypsilanti. He was married March 7, 1876, to 
 Lora Holmes, who was born in Ingham county, Mich., July, 1851. This union 
 has resulted in the birth of 1 child— Blanche. Mr. Crittenden has been engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits the greater part of his life, and at present owns a richly 
 cultivated farm of 80 acres, located on sec. 24. 
 
 S. R. Crittenden is a native of this county, and was born Aug. 25, 1847, and is a 
 son of Allen and Emily (Reed) Crittenden, natives of New York. Mr. Crittenden 
 was reared on a farm, and received his educational training in the State Normal 
 school at Ypsilanti, and the mission schools at Ann Arbor. He was married Feb. 
 21, 1866, to Mary Lay, a native of Washtenaw county, where she was born Oct. 3 
 1847, and the daughter of pioneer settlers of this county. Four children were 
 born to this union, 3 of whom survive— Lillie C, Vincent L. and Lloyd D. Mr 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1263 
 
 Crittenden is a prominent farmer of Pittsfield tp., and owns 185 acres of fine land 
 ■with good improvements on sec. 34, His P. O. address is Saline. 
 
 Charles Oubitt, farmer, sec. 23 ; P. O., Ypsilanti ; was bom in England, March 6, 
 
 1834. His parents, John and Elizabeth Cubitt (deceased), were also natives of 
 England. Charles was reared to manhood in his native land, and at the age of 37 
 emigrated to America, locating in New York State, where he worl5;ed as a laborer 
 until 1857. At the latter period, he decided to try his fortunes in the " far West," 
 and according!}' came to Michigan, and permanently settled on 53 acres of land 
 in sec. 33, Pittsfield tp., Washtenaw county. In 1848 Mr. Cubitt married ]\Iary 
 A. Bond, who was born in England, Nov. 11, 1835. Five children have been 
 given them — Charles, George, John, AValter and Frank. 
 
 David Depue was born at Romulus (organized in 1793), Seneca Co., N. Y., Feb. 
 11, 1808. His parents, Henry and Clemme (Sherburn) Depue, were of English 
 de scent, the former being born in Sussex Co., N. J., June 17, 1781, and the latter 
 at Guilford, Vt., Oct. 18, 1788. They were married Feb. 31, 1803, in Seneca Co., 
 N . Y., where they resided until Ulr. Depue's death, which occurred March 19, 
 1813. Mrs. Dupue emigrated with her family to this county in 1835, where she 
 lived a number of years. She was the mother of 6 children, 2 of whom are 
 living — David and Mrs. Mary Monroe, a resident of Seneca Co., N. Y. j\Irs. 
 Depue died at her daughter's residence in Shiawassee Co., Mich., June, 1870. 
 David was reared on a farm, and obtained onlj- a limited education, but since he 
 became of age, he has acquired an extended knowledge of the gteater part of the 
 arts and sciences, having pi-obably the largest private library in Washtenaw county. 
 Mr. Depue came to Michigan by way of the Erie canal and Lake Erie, and 
 located in Pittsfield township in 1836, where he has since resided, with the excep- 
 tion of two years spent with his mother in Ann Arbor. His first purchase of land 
 comprised 84 acres, and he has since added 50 more. He was maiTied March 9, 
 1843, to Harriet N. Mills, born in Ontario Co., N. Y., Nov. 31, 1818, and daughter 
 of Daniel and Johaima (Beaman) Mills. They came to Washtenaw county in 
 
 1835, where they resided until their death. Mr. and Mrs. Depue have 8 children 
 — Clemme and Henry, the fo]-mer a resident of Detroit. Mr. Depue has been 
 elected to fill several local offices, and is a member of the Pioneer Society of 
 Washtenaw County, in whose welfare he takes a deep interest. 
 
 Mr. Depue has also taken a great interest in every thing pertaining to antiquity, 
 especially as relating to Michigan, and has one of the best private collections of 
 rare articles once used by the original inhabitants of this State that can be found . 
 Among his collections is the pipe used bj' Tecumseh, the great Indian chief, the 
 night before he was slain, and which he gave in charge of a British officer for 
 safe keeping just before going into battle, he having a presentiment that he 
 would be killed. He has, also, a large variety of Indian pipes of most curious 
 workmanship, the mates of some of which cannot be obtained to-day. The most 
 cmious article in his collection is the Life of Big Turtle, an Indian chief, written 
 upon bai-k in the Indian language. This was found in a mound in the Lake 
 Superior region. He has arrow-heads innumerable of all sizes and shapes, to- 
 gether with stone axes in great variety. Antiquarians will find much to interest 
 and instruct them by visiting and examining the collection of Mr. Depue. 
 
 Mr. Depue's porti'ait may be found elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Isaac Farnill was born in Yorkshire, Eng., May 81, 1815. He lived in his 
 native land until 19 years of age, then emigrated to America, first locating in 
 Wayne Co., N. Y. He remained there until September, 1839, when he was mar- 
 ried to Sophia Barclay, born in Wayne Co., N. Y., Feb. 19, 1831. Shortly after 
 marriage he left the " Empire State" with his young bride to seek a home in the 
 wilds of Michigan. His means were limited, and consequently his deprivations 
 were many. For five years he had no wagon and had to do all his teaming 
 with a roughly fashioned sled. Year by year he toiled, and little by little was 
 that sum laid by for future use, and now, after a half century of untiririg effort and 
 strict economy, he can rest with comfort and ease, success having crowned him 
 with her highest honors. Three children were tjorn to bless this alliance, 3 of 
 whom survive,— William H. and Mary J. John S. enlisted in Co. F, 6th Mich. 
 Cav., and in the battle of Gettysburg, July 4, 1863, was captured by the enemy, 
 and placed in Belle Isle prison, where he was confined until 1864. He was then 
 transferred to Florence, and thence to Annapolis, Maryland, where he died of starv- 
 ation. His emaciated form was sent to Ann Arbor, and kind friends and sor- 
 rowing relatives laid the remains tenderly away in the silent tomb, where he shall 
 sleep until the mom of the great Resurrection day. 
 
1264 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Soldier, rest; thy warfare 's ended, 
 
 We'll meet again on the other shore, 
 Where songs of joy shall be blended, 
 In that bright forevermore. 
 
 William Oeddes, jr., was born in this county June 12, 1846. He is a son of 
 Wm. and Jane (McBay) Geddes, natives of Lebanon county. Pa. Mr. Geddes, sr., 
 came to Washtenaw county in 1833, purchased land, and returned to Pennsylvania. 
 In 1845 he removed with his family to Michigan, and located on a tract of land in 
 this county (now in possession of his 4 children), where he passed the re- 
 mainder of his days. He died May 19, 1877, and his wife followed him Sept. 15, 
 1861. William Geddes, jr., was married Sept. 13, 1874, to Jennie Standbridge, a 
 native of Pittsfield tp., where she was born Aug. 9, 1855. They have 1 child. Mr. 
 Geddes possesses a tine farm on sec. 23, on which he resides, being in comfortable 
 circumstances. 
 
 Sidney Sarwood, son of William W. and Polly Harwood, was born in Washte- 
 naw county. May 15, 1848. He received his preliminary education in the com- 
 mon school, and subsequently attended the State Normal school at Ypsilantl, 
 He was married Oct. 11, 1877, to Cornelia J. Stevens, a native of Wayne county. 
 Mich., where she was born Aug.l3, 1857. One child has been sent to cement this 
 union — Mary. Mr. Harwood is a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, and resides 
 on the old homestead, comprising 210 acres of choice land. His P. O. address 
 is Ypsilanti. 
 
 William W. Sarwood (deceased) was bom in Berkshire Co., Mass., March 30, 
 1785, and was of Scotch and English descent. When four years old his parents re- 
 moved to New York where he grew to manhood, receiving a common-school edu - 
 cation. In 1834 he emigrated to Washtenaw county, located at Ypsilanti, and in 
 conjunction with Mark ISTorris, dammed the Huron river and started the first grist- 
 mill in the village. In 1836 he removed to, Pittsfield tp , where he resided ever after, 
 engaged in farming and stock-raising. In early life, Mr. Harwood was a distiller, 
 and followed that business for some years. In 1814 he married Sally Aldrich. 
 Their living children are — Isaiah, Sarah, Mabel and Hannah. Mrs. H. died in 
 1824, and a year after Mr. Harwood married Abigail Albro, a native of New York. 
 Mr. Harwood was once more afflicted by the death of his noble wife, and she was 
 laid at rest in 1828. On Feb. 3, 1831, he married Alma Coe, also a native of New 
 York. Of their childreu 3 are living. God in his all-wise Providence saw fit to de- 
 prive Mr. Harwood of his third wife, and she was laid away by a sorrowful hus- 
 band and mourning cliildren. On March 14, 1839, he married his fourth companion, 
 Mrs. Polly Holden, born in Yates Co., N. Y., Dec. 25, 1808, and relict of Nymphos 
 P. Holden (deceased). Mrs. Harwood had 5 children born to her by her first hus- 
 band, 3 of whom survive- -George, David and Harriet. Six children were born to 
 her by her second marriage, 3 of whom are living — Harrison, Sidney and John. 
 On Nov. 8, 1860, Mr. Harwood was called from his earthly home to the reward 
 prepared for those who trod in the straight and narrow path on this earth. His 
 funeral was attended by an immense concourse of friends and relatives, an unmis- 
 takable proof of the estimation in which this hardy pioneer was held by the citi- 
 zens of Washtenaw county. 
 
 George J/. Ifenion, a prominent farmer of Pittsfield tp., was born April 4, 1824, 
 in Seneca Co., N. Y. His parents were Cornelius and Rebecca Henion, the ■former 
 a native of Paterson, N. J., and the latter of New York. They emigrated to 
 Washtenaw county in 1843, and located on sec. 5, Pittsfield tp., remaining only a 
 few years. They removed to Ann Aabor city, where Mr. Henion died in 1863. 
 His widow returned to the old homestead farm in Pittsfield tp., in 1880, where she 
 now resides.. George M. was married Oct. 6, 1847, to Eliza Lansing, who was born 
 at Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., March 28, 1828. This union was blessed with 7 
 children — George H., Lauren L., Mary M., Susan R., Frank E., Gertrude E. and 
 Martha. Mrs. Henion departed this life Jan. 35, 1873, leaving a husband and 
 large family to mom-n the loss of a kind wife and affectionate mother. May 37, 
 1875, Mr. H. married Mrs. Jlelissa G. (Cline) Hoag, widow of Alva Hoag (de- 
 ceased). They were married Oct. 31, 1867, and 1 child was given to them — Alva C. 
 Mr. Hoag was a member of the M. E. Conference, and labored over seven vears in 
 the ministerial work. He passed away peacefully and quietly Dec. 3, "1869, at 
 Woodland, Barry Co., Mich. He was a native of Ionia Co., Mich. Mr. Henion 
 and wife are consistent members of the Presbyterian Church at Ann Arbor, in 
 
^'*' '^^O'^^.^f 
 
 o^ f^i-^^ py c^^^-vW 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1267 
 
 which body the former has officiated as Elder for over 40 years. Mr. Henion has 
 been a resident of Pittsfleld tp. since 1843, with the exception of four years at Ann 
 Arbor. 
 
 Sherman Hinckley, an early pioneer of Washtenaw county, emigrated to Pitts- 
 field tp., in 1831, settling on sec. 35, where he resided until 1879, when he erected 
 a handsome brick residence on a tract of land he had previously purchased, and 
 adjoining the old homestead. :Mr. Hinckley ^Yas born Nov. 33, 1803, in Toland Co., 
 Conn., and was a son of Peter and Elizabeth Hinckley, of English ancestry. His 
 grandfather served through the Kevolutionary war. When Sherman was an in- 
 fant, his parents removed to a diflerent part of the State, and subsequently to 
 Ontario Co., where he grew to manhood. He learned the shoemaker's trade, 
 which business he followed until his removal to this county. May 13, 1831, he 
 married Orpha G-ates, a native of Ontario Co., N. Y., where she was born Feb. 21, 
 1806. They have 4 children living — Ann, Frank, Caroline and Esther. Mr. 
 Hinckley has been Justice of the Peace for 15 years, and is a very successful 
 farmer and stock raiser of Pittsfleld tp. 
 
 R. H. Howe. — Among the oldest living pioneers of Washtenaw county may be 
 classed the subject of this sketch. He was born in Chenango Co., N. Y., July 4, 
 1S19. His parents, Orrin and Jane Howe, came to this county in 1835, and settled 
 on the Lodi plains. Mr. Howe was a prominent man, and assisted in forming 
 the constitution for the new State of Michigan, also representing this part of the 
 State in the Legislature. His brother was a graduate of West Point, serving with 
 distinction in the Mexican war, and died at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1850. 
 H. H. Howe was reared on a farm, and received a common-school education. He 
 was married Sept. 26, 1851, to Elmira P. North, born in Ulster Co., N. Y., in 1836, 
 and daughter of Lewis and Eliza North. They came to Michigan in'1836, locat- 
 ing in Oakland Co., where thej- remained until 1849 and then removed to this 
 county. Mr. North was an ]M. E. minister of considerable note, and labored over 
 half a century in the vineyard of the Lord. His father was also a minister of the 
 same denomination. Mr. Howe had 3 children born to him — Hurlbert, a student 
 at the University of Michigan, and Gilbert S., who assists his father on the farm. 
 Mr. Howe owns a well-improved farm. 
 
 Gilbert Hurd was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., April 18, 1880. His parents were 
 Arba and Cynthia Hurd, and came to this county in 1831. They settled on a tract 
 of land now occupied by Gilbert, where they resided until their deaths. Mr. 
 Hurd was reared on a farm, and has followed agricultural pursuits through life, 
 and with good success, being at present one of the largest land owners in the tp. 
 He was married Oct. 16, 1860, to Jane Fuller, born in Throopville, N^ Y., Sept. 5, 
 1838, and daughter of H. B. and Catherine (Godj) Puller, the latter a native of 
 Onondaga Co., N. Y., where she was born June 14, 1806. Mr. and Mrs. Hurd 
 have 3 children — Arba F., Cynthia E. and Virginia M. Mrs. Hurd is a faithful 
 and consistent member of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Leonard Ishell (deceased) was born in Madison county, N. Y., June 7, 1796. 
 He was married June 7, 1«20, to Anna Lewis, who was born April 8, 1799. They 
 were the parents of 14 children, all of whom grew to mature years and were 
 married. Twelve of them are living — Lewis, John, Lucinda, Augustus, Sarah, Uri, 
 Nathan, Marshall, ^latilda, Merritt, Sidney and Charles. Mr. Isbell came to this 
 county in 1833, settling on the Lodi plains, where he remained 20 years, then re- 
 moved tolnffham countv, 3Iich., where he passed the remainder of his days. He 
 died Nov. 2, 1858. ]\Irs. Isbell returned to this county in 1869, and has since resided 
 with her sons, Nathan and Cliarles, in Pittsfleld tp. Charles was born in JLidison 
 Co., N. Y., Nov. 25, 1S33. He removed to this county in 1867. He was married 
 Feb. 10, IS.JO, to ilercia Eobinson, who was born in 1836. Five children have 
 been given them, 4 of whom survive— Carrie, William, Flora and Alden. Mr. 
 Isbell was a stone-mason for over 25 years, but has lately devoted his attention to 
 agricultural pursuits. He oayh^ a farm of 96 acres on sec. 31. 
 
 Charles Kempf, son of Charles and Catherine CSchlemer) Kempf, was bom in 
 this county May 22, 1853. He was reared on a farm and still follows that occupa^ 
 tion, owning at" present 120 acres of well-impi-oved land on sec. 5. He was mar- 
 ried Jan. 15, 1880, to :Minnie C. Birk, born at Ann Arbor, May 14, 1856, and 
 daughter of Andrew Birk, a soap manufacturer of Ann Arbor. Mr. Kempf is a 
 rising young man, and bids fair to succeed in life. 
 
 George Jacob Kempf was born Aug. 23, 1833, in Wuitemberg, Germany, and is 
 a son of John Kempf, who married his second wife, and in 1830, emigrated to 
 73 
 
1268 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 America. He first located in Bucks Co., Pa., remaining eight years, and then re- 
 moved to Ann Arbor, Mich., wliere lie engaged in the meat business until 10 
 years prior to his death. He died Dec. 23, 1865. George assisted his father until 
 25 years of age. He married Catherine Schlemer, who was born in Germany, 
 October, 1830. Of their 5 children, 3 are living — Charles, John and Reuben. 
 Mr. Kempf has succeeded admirably in life, and at present owns 80 acres of 
 good land. Himself and wife are members of the German Lutheran Church. 
 Mr. Kempf 's P. O. address is Ann Arbor. 
 
 PMUp Lolir, son of John and Rosanna Lohr, was born in Germany May 2, 1819. 
 He emigrated to America in 1835, and settled in Wayne Co., Mich., remaining 
 there until 1853, when he removed to this county and located in Lodi tp. In 1865 
 he moved into Ann Arbor city, and in 1869 located on his present farm, compris- 
 ing 335 acres. He was married April 15, 1848, to Mary Ann Bach, born in Ger- 
 many July 15, 1835. Her parents, Philip and Barbara fiach (deceased) were early 
 settlers of Freedom tp. Mr. and Mrs. Lohr had 10 children born to them, 9 of 
 whom are living — Charles, Henry, Caroline, Albert, Amos, Lucinda, Eugene, 
 Mary and Edwin. Mr. and Mrs. Lohr are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 J. 8. McDowell, a native of Washtenaw county, was born Jan. 9, 1838. His 
 parents, Samuel and Charlotte McDowell, settled in Pittsfield tp. in 1834, where 
 they resided over 30 years. Both died at Ypsilanti. Mr. McDowell was married 
 Jan. 30, 1849 ,to Matilda Tost, who w-as born Jan. 13, 1833. Of their 3 children 1 
 is living — Susan, now Mrs. Hinmon. Mr. McDowell is Superintendent of the 
 Washtenaw County Poor House and Insane Asylum, over which he has officiated 
 since 1878. 
 
 Stephen Mills, iarmer and fruit-grower, was born at Dover, Morris Co., N. J., 
 Aug. 11, 1809. His parents were Daniel H. and Joanna Mills, the former a 
 native of Litchfield Co., Conn., and the latter a native of New Jersey. They 
 eame to this county in 1835, locating on sec. 7, Pittsfield tp., a tract of land now 
 owned by David Depue. In 1848 Mrs. Mills died, and six years later Mr. Mills 
 sold his farm, and has since made his home with his son, Stephen. Mr. Mills 
 eame to this county in 1833, and bought a tract of land in Manchester tp. (now 
 known as the " Van Winkle farm"), and returned to New York the same year. 
 In the spring of 1836 he came once more to the county, and made a permanent 
 settlement on sec. 6, Pittsfield tp., where he has since resided. Mr. Mills learned 
 the brick-mason's trade before leaving New York, and followed that occupation 
 until 1865. Since then he has devoted his time and attention to farming and the 
 raising of small fruits, making a specialty of three kinds — blackberry, strawberry 
 and raspberry. He was married Sept. 31, 1839, to Clemme McKnight, born in 
 Seneca Co., N. Y., Feb. 6, 1830. They have 7 children, all boys— George B., 
 James, C. E., F. E., M. H., Charles and Fred A. James E. was a soldier in Co. 
 H., 8th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and was wounded at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. ' 0. 
 E. enlisted in Co. H, 30th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf , and served till the close of the 
 war. Mr. and Mrs. Mills are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Oilhert M. Monroe, a native of Washtenaw county, was born Jan. 15, 1842, and 
 is a son of Alexander and Huldah (Smalley) Monroe, natives of New Jersey. 
 They came to this county from Seneca county, N. Y., in 1836, and located on sec. 
 8, Lodi tp. Mr. Monroe was a carpenter, and worked at his trade until death 
 severed his connection with the world. He died July 2, 1850; his widow is still 
 surviving, at the ripe old age ot 75 years. Gilbert M. was raised on a farm, and in 
 1861 enlisted, with his brother, in Co. H., 30th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf, participating 
 in many serious engagements, receiving at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864, a wound in 
 the right arm, which deprived him of further service for some time. He was 
 discharged at Detroit Dec. 4, 1864. He returned home and began farming. In 
 1866 the old homestead was sold, and Mr. Monroe located in Saline tp., remaining 
 there eight years, serving three of them as Commissioner of Highways. In 1874 
 he located in Pittsfield tp., where he has since resided, engaged in farming and 
 operating a dairy in conjunction with his brother-in-law, George E. Waterman. 
 This last business he finds very profitable. He was married Sept. 19, 1866, to 
 Parmelia E. Waterman, who was born in Ann Arbor city Dec. 34, 1843. Their 
 children are 3 in number— Jennie A., Nellie A. and Noble E. Mr. Monroe has 
 been very successful in a financial way. 
 
 Samuel A. Morgan was born in Washtenaw county April 6, 1850. His parents 
 were Samuel A. and Aurora Morgan, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the 
 latter of New York. They were married at Avon, Monroe Co., N. Y., Dec. 12, 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1269 
 
 1834. -where they resided until 1840, at whicli time they removed to this county, 
 and located On sec. 15, Pittstield tp. Mr. Morgan was engaged in farming and 
 stock-raising until his death, which occurred December, 1875. He was buried at 
 Forest Hill cemetery, Ann Arbor. Mrs. Morgan's parents were Charles and Anna 
 Fanning, natives of Connecticut. Samuel A. is one of a family of 6 children, all 
 surviving. The others are Franklin, Joanna, Ansil, Francis and Emily. He 
 bought the homestead farm, comprising 171 acres, and resides there with his aged 
 mother. He is engaged in farming and stock-raising, and politically is Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 Bichard Moses (deceased) was born in New Hartford, Conn., July 16, 1812, and 
 was married to Rachel Norton, who was born Dec. 31, 1815. Nine children were 
 born to them, 7 of whom are living. Mr. Moses was a prominent farmer and 
 stock-raiser of Pittsfleld tp., which occupation he followed until his death, which 
 occurred July 28, 1860. She resides with her son, Lucius, on 85 acres 
 of valuable land. She is a consistent member of the M. E. Church . 
 
 Q-eorge Nissle was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, March 26, 1826, and is a son 
 of Simon and Gottlieben Nissle. He emigrated to America in companj^ with 
 his father in 1847, and settled in Bridgew-aler tp., Washtenaw Co. , Mich., where his 
 father still resides. George removed to Saline village in 1871, and three years 
 later located on his present farm. He was married December, 1850, to Catherine 
 Rheinfrank, a native of Germany. Six children were born to bless this union, 2 
 of whom survive — Louise and Catherine. Mrs. Nissle died Oct. 29, 1859. On 
 March 15, 1860, Mr. Nissle was married to Mary Voght. There were 10 chil- 
 dren born to this marriage, 7 of whom are living — William, Mary, Daniel, 
 Charles, Clara, Eddie and Samuel. Mr. Nissle is a prominent farmer of Pitts- 
 field tp., and owns 180 acres of valuable land. 
 
 Leoi E. Olds was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Nov. 16, 1813. His parents 
 were Hanford and Anna Olds, natives of Massachusetts and Connecticut respect- 
 ivelj-, and of English descent. They removed to Monroe county when Levi was 
 eight years of age, where he resided until 1836. At this latter period Levi came 
 to Washtenaw county, and farmed land on shares until 1^44, when he bought a 
 tract of land in sec. 1, Pittsfleld tp., but sold it soon after, and bought his present 
 farm of 80 acres, which he has greatly improved. Jan. 5, 1876, lie married Sarah 
 C. Farwell, born in Hancock Co., jMe., Dec. 2, 1842, and daughter of Samuel S. 
 and Elvira Farwell. Soon after their marriage Mr. Olds erected a fine residence, 
 the plan of the rooms being arranged by his wife, and they live in almost 
 princely style. Mi-. Olds was in limited circumstances upon his ariival in this 
 county, but success has favored his industrial efforts, and he has accumulated 
 quite a competency. 
 
 Rosicell Parsons is a native of Washtenaw county, and was born Dec. 17, 1839. 
 His parents, Philo and Sarah Parsons, are natives of Connecticut, and settled in 
 this county about the year 1825. They resided in Pittsfleld tji. for many years, 
 but now live in Ypsilanti. Roswell was reared to manhood on a farm, and has 
 followed that vocation through life. He was educated in the common schools of 
 this county, and April 17, 1866, married Zilpha Matteson, who was born in Ann 
 Arbor, July 14, 1838. The fruit of this union has been the birth of 2 children 
 — Sarah A. and Fred P. Mr. Parsons is the happy possessor of 80 acres of well- 
 improved land in sec. 13. His P. O. address is Ypsilanti. 
 
 BoaweU Preston. — The following sketch of Raswell Preston (deceased), a prom- 
 inent pioneer of " fair Washtenaw," was written by Jacob Preston, and read before 
 the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County, at its meeting in Saline, Dec. 5, 18—, 
 by his son, Henry M. Preston : 
 
 RoswellPreston, a member of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County, died 
 March 25, 1877, in the township of Pittsfleld, aged '72I3 years. Deceased was 
 born in the tp. of Hampton, Windham county, State of Connecticut, Oct. 2, 1804, 
 of parents from Puritan ancestors, who were among the pioneer settlers of the 
 State of Connecticut, and who had shared in the Indian conflicts with the New 
 England colonies; also in the war for the independence of the United States. His 
 ancestors on both sides were fariners; and he flrst saw the light on a homestead 
 that had been in the family possession four generations. He worked with his father 
 on the farm until he was 18 years of age, and then engaged as apprentice in the 
 woolen manufacturing business in that State, and continued in that business until 1830 ; 
 then went to the State of Ohio, where he was turned over in a stage, ■ breaking his 
 collar bone and otherwise injuring him. After his recovery he continued to work 
 at the factory business in Ohio until 1832, when he came by horse team with his 
 
1270 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 father through Sandusky to Monroe, and by Ypsilanti to Ann Arbor, where his 
 elder brother lived at that time. He and his father (Roswell Preston, sr.) bought 
 lands near each other in the town of Freedom, the father beginning to make im- 
 provements the same season. In the fall of 1832 Roswell Preston, jr., returned to 
 the State of Ohio, and worked at the manufacturing business until the summer of 
 '34, when he came to Michigan with a horse and a small drove of young cattle to 
 commence on his new farm in Freedom. 
 
 The beautiful scenery of the wilds of the State of Michigan seemed to inspire in 
 him energy and perseverance. Although money and provisions were scarce, yet in 
 the midst of unremitting toil this hardy pioneer strove with anxious look beammg 
 with hope, and trusting in Providence for a brighter future, and builded for himself 
 a log house upon his lands, and commenced improvements immediately. He toiled 
 upon his farm to make comfortable and happy a pioneer home until 1837, when he 
 was married, in the town of Lima, in this county, to Miss Frances Hurlbut, who 
 had recently come into Michigan from his native State, Connecticut. He lived on 
 his farm in the tp. of Freedom until 1845, when he sold it to a German and bought 
 the same year and removed upon the farm now in possession of his family, where 
 he spent the remainder of his days, and where he improved the farm and built one 
 of those beautiful rural homes so often met with in that part of the county. A 
 wise and very commendable part of his life was devoted to training and educating 
 his children to science, labor and culture ; qualifying them for either a higher or 
 retired walk in life. Surrounded by the beautiful home and estimable family, the 
 infirmities of age and disease overtook him, but suffering little from pain, calmly and 
 peacefully life seemed ebbing, and they said to him, "You are taking leave of us; 
 what do you wish to say to us?" " God has been good to me and spared my life to 
 a good old age ; I would like to stay a little longer with you," and quietly, like 
 going to sleep, his spirit took its flight, closing a life that was full of years and well 
 spent. He deemed a life conscious of righteousness, truth and kindness to the 
 needy and suffering, of greater value than sentiment and zeal that may glitter with 
 the multitude and fail in a trying time. He sought not a showy or brilliant life, 
 but a useful one, and endeared himself to many by kindness without reference to 
 rank or grade of society, and he is said to have been familiar with passengers on 
 that mysterious Underground railroad. Peace be to his ashes, and useful lives and 
 a bright future to his family. 
 
 Oeorge Mead, son of William and Mary Read, was born in Buckinghamshire, 
 Eng- , Sept. 19, 1843. He emigrated with his parents to America in 1842, locating 
 in Pittsfleld tp., where he grew to manhood. His parents now reside in Living- 
 ston county. They had born to them 8 children, 7 sons and 1 daughter. 
 Mr. Read was married Dec. 19, 1868, to Mary J. Farnill, and 3 children have been 
 born to them — Nellie M., Carrie S. and Anna L. Mrs. Head was born in this 
 county May 20, 1848. Mr. Read is engaged in agricultural pursuits, and owns 
 133 acres of valuable land on sec. 15. 
 
 Charles TT. 7Jos«, farmer, sec. 10 ; P.O., Ann Arbor; is a life resident of this 
 county, and was born Oct. 25, 1858. His father, John Rose, was a native of Eng- 
 land, and his mother, Jane V. Rose, of Canadian nativity. They now reside at 
 Ann Arbor. Mr. Rose was married March 15, 1877, to Francis Yates, born in 
 Monroe county, N. Y , March 11, 1854, and daughter of Stephen and Harriet 
 Yates, who came to this county in 1854, and now reside at Ypsilanti. One child 
 has been sent to bless this union — Horra. Mr. Rose is farming the old homestead 
 which comprises 105 acres of choice land. 
 
 J. C. Rouse, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Pittsfleld tp., was born in 
 Steuben county, N. Y., Sept. 18, 1818. His parents, Henry and Beda (West) 
 Rouse, emigrated from New York to Michigan in 1830, locating on sec. 7, Pitts- 
 field tp , where they resided until 1854. Mr. Rouse came to this county when 
 the clicking of the mower and reaper were things of the future, and well remem- 
 bers going with his father to see the first one brought into the county. It was 
 ■' imported " from Clinton. Monroe Co., in 1845. Mr. Rouse purchased from Allen 
 Crittenden the first machine used in the immediate vicinity of his farm. He was 
 married March 28, 1843, to Caroline Hurlbert, a worthy member of the Baptist 
 Church. Her parents were early settlers of Lodi tp., locating there in 1828. Of 
 the 7 children born to Mr. and Mrs. Rouse, 5 are living — Everett C, Lucy A., 
 Mattie C, Preston H. and Rawson B. 
 
 p. S. Rouse was born in Washtenaw county May 1, 1832. His parents, Henry 
 and Beda Rouse, were natives of New York, and emigrated to the county in 1830, 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1271 
 
 locating in Pittsfleld tp. Mrs. Rouse died, and in 1855 Mr. Rouse removed to Min- 
 nesota, and followed her to the tomb the next year. P. H. was reared on a farm, 
 and received a common school-education. He was married June 26, 1856, to Flor- 
 ence Bell, a native of Albany, N. Y., where she was bom July 18, 1835. Seven 
 children were sent to this couple — Belden, Elmer E., Howard M., Winthrop B., 
 Myrtle B., Charlotte and Roscoe R. Mr. Rouse is a farmer and a stock-raiser on 
 sec. 32. 
 
 Orove Saunders was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., March 5, 1815, and was a 
 son of James and Betsey Saunders, natives of Graf ton Co., N. H.,and of English 
 ancestry. He was reared on a farm and received his education in the common 
 schools of his native State. In 1836 he visited Michigan, and in his travels spent 
 a few days in Washtenaw county . He was well pleased with his view, and in 1839 
 returned to this State and settled in Ypsilanti, where he resided some 20 years, 15 
 years of that time being spent working at the carpenter and joiner's trade, and the 
 remainder at farming. In 1859 he sold his farm, comprising 100 acres, and bought 
 a farm of 240 acres in sec. 13, Pittsfleld tp., where he has since lived, and carried 
 on farming and stock-raising. Jan. 17, 1850, he was married to Cynthia W. Bal- 
 lard, a native of Vermont, where she was born Dec. 1, 1814, Mr. Saunders ig 
 a worthy and enterprising citizen, and well deserves the success which he has 
 achieved. 
 
 Ghipman Smith was born at Ashfield, Franklin Co., Mass., March 29, 1817, and 
 was a son of Lucius and Lucretia (Cranson) Smith, natives of Massachusetts, and 
 of English descent. Mr. Smith learned the use of steam and the " art" of operating 
 an engine, and six years of his early manhood was engaged as engineer at Green- 
 field. From that town he went to Conway, Mass., where he found employment 
 in a cutlery manufactory, and labored there until ill health compelled him to re- 
 linquish his trade. He decided to engage in some other business, and accordingly 
 went to farming in 1861. In 1875 he came to Washtenaw county and settled in 
 Ann Arbor, where he resided two years. At the expiration of that time he located 
 on his present farm in Pittsfleld tp. He was mamed at Pittsfleld, Berkshire Co., 
 Mass., October, 1850, to Mary Williams, a native of Rutland Co., Vt. They have 
 1 child — Lucius, who is in attendance at the Ann Arbor high school. Mrs. Smith 
 learned the milliner's trade in the East, and has worked at her trade in Ann Arbor 
 the greater part of each year since her residence in the county. She flnds this busi- 
 ness very remunerative. 
 
 Edward L. J. Smith, a life resident of Washtenaw county, was born July 14, 
 1841. His parents, Thomas and Anna Smith, were natives of England, and emi- 
 grated to America in 1833, locating in Ontario count;^, N.Y , where they resided 
 fouryears, and subsequently in Washtenaw county, in 1837. The father died in 
 Pittsfleld tp., April 3, 1880, and was buried in Forest Hill cemetery, at Ann Arbor. 
 He was an earnest Christian, and a faithful member of the M. E. Church. Mrs. 
 Smith was also a member of the Methodist Church, and died Oct. 26, 1878, in the 
 firm belief of a blissful immortality. Edward grew to manhood on a farm, and 
 Jan. 30, 1873, married Annie M. Sollitt, a native of Yorkshire, England, where 
 she was born July 11, 1847. Two children are the fruit of this union — Lois 8. 
 and Berenice S. Mrs. Smith is a faithful and consistent member of the Baptist 
 Church. Mr. Smith has been elected Township Treasurer, and is a leading farmer 
 of that section. He owns 160 acres of land. 
 
 James F. Smith, proprietor wood yard, Ann Arbor, was born in Yorkshire, 
 England, Sept. 11, 1831. His parents, Thomas and Ann Smith, emigrated to 
 Washtenaw county in 1837, and to Pittsfleld tp. the following year. James F. 
 received a common-school education, and was married, Nov. 25, 1858, to Sophia 
 T. Norgate, a native of Pittsfleld tp., where she was born in 1837. Six boys have 
 been given them — Walter D., Austin, George E., Alonzo T., James N. and Stephen 
 T. Mr. Smith, in connection with his farming, has operated a threshing-machine 
 for over 23 years. He has filled the offices of Treasurer and Commissioner of High- 
 ways in Pittsfleld tp. 
 
 Stephen Smith (deceased) was born at Ridgefield, Fairfleld county. Conn., Aug. 
 1, 1804, and was the son of Amos and Sarah Smith. Mr. Smith learned the cabi- 
 net-maker's trade before he reached his majority, at Milford, Conn., and then 
 went to New Haven, where he was employed in the manufacture of organs. He 
 eventually became a full partner in this business, continuing there until 1839. He 
 then returned to New York, and purchased a farm near his native town, where 
 he resided tmtil 1853. At this latter period he emigrated to Washtenaw county. 
 
1272 ' HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and located on sec. 29, Pittsfield tp., where he lived engaged in farming until his 
 death, which occurred Jan. 26, 1879. He was married Dec. 31, 1831, to Mrs. Mar- 
 cia Noble, a native of Milford, Conn., where she was born Dec. 11, 1808. Five 
 children were born to them, 4 of whom are living — Harriet E., Franklin W., Ben- 
 jamin and Cornelia F. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Congregational Church. 
 
 T. J. Smurthwaite, a native of this county, was born Oct. 18, 1844. He is a son 
 of Thomas and Ann Smurthwaite, the former of whom emigrated to America in 
 1842, and settled in Pittsfield tp. the same year. He was engaged in farming and 
 stock-raising until his death, which occurred Nov. 28, 1848. Ten years previous 
 to his demise he was engaged in ministerial labors, being connected with the 
 M. E. Church. In 1852 Mrs. 8. removed to Illinois, and departed this life in La 
 Salle county Aug. 22, 1859. T. J. has been a resident of Washtenaw county all 
 his life, with the exception of six years spent in Illinois. He served four years in 
 Co. K, 2d 111. Light Artillery. On his return from the army he located on his 
 present farm, where he has since resided, engaged in farming and stock-raising. 
 He was married March 30, 1869, to Martha L. Marriott, born in this county June 
 14, 1844. They have 1 child — Nettie A. Mr. Smurthwaite is serving his second 
 term as Clerk of Pittsfield tp. He owns 175 acres of valuable land. 
 
 D. Sutherland was born in Ontario county, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1880. He is a son of 
 Langford and Lydia Sutherland, who came to Washtenaw county in June, 1833. 
 Mr. Sutherland was reared on a farm, and has followed that occupation through 
 life. He resides on 153 acres of land, on sec. 29, formerly a portion of the old 
 homestead. He was married May 20, 1858, to Sarah J. Lewis, a native of Oneida 
 county, N. Y., where she was born July 27, 1837. Mr. Sutherland has never 
 participated in public affairs, nor aspired for political honors, but is a man who 
 has pursued the just and honorable vocation of a farmer, and therefore is not as 
 conspicuous as other men would have been under the circumstances. 
 
 Langford Sutherland (deceased) was born in Ontario county, N. Y., in 1802. 
 There he was educated and passed his early life. In 1832 he came to this county, 
 locating in the town of Pittsfield, where he lived until his death in 1865. When 
 he came West he brought with him his wife and 2 children. Of his family 8 chil- 
 dren are yet living, and all but 1 in this county. Mrs. Sutherland with 3 of these 
 children still lives on the old homestead. Mr. Sutherland was a member of the 
 Baptist Church of Ann Arbor, of which he was a prominent member. 
 
 Tobias Sutherland was born in this county Nov. 29, 1842, and is a son of Lang- 
 ford and Lydia Sutherland. He was reared on a farm, educated in the publ c 
 schools, and Deo. 6, 1871, married Josephine Kanouse, a native of this county, and 
 born Feb. 19, 1850. Two children have been born to them— Ernest and Bessie. 
 Mr. Sutherland never aspired to political honors, but has followed agricultural 
 pursuits the greater part of his life. His parents were early settlers in Washte- 
 naw county, coming here in 1833, where the father died in 1865. The mother still 
 survives and resides with her son Tobias, at the advanced age of 75 years Ihey 
 witnessed many of the vicissitudes and privations of life, and are well worthy to be 
 numbered with the noble band of pioneers who first turned the virgin soil in 
 Washtenaw county. Mr. Sutherland has been a member of the Baptist Church 
 for very many years. 
 
 John Tate, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Pittsfield tp., was born in 
 Livingston county, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1814. His parents, Thomas and Rebecca Tate, 
 were natives of Pennsylvania, and removed to New York between the years 1804 
 and 1808, where they resided until 1831, at which time they emigrated to Michi- 
 gan, locating at Tecumseh. They remained there one year, and becoming dissat- 
 isfied with their new home, they loaded their effects into wagons and hauled them 
 to Detroit. While waiting for a steamer to carry the goods back to New York, 
 Mr. Tate met a party of friends who advised him to return, and "try again." 
 They finally persuaded him to do so, and he then came to Washtenaw county, 
 locating on sec. 36, Lodi tp., where he resided, engaged in farming, until his 
 death, which occurred in January, 1845. His widow followed him in 1875, at 
 the adi^anced age of 93 years. John Tate gained his majority in Lodi tp., where 
 he lived until 1840. He then removed to Pittsfield tp., where he has since re- 
 sided. He was married Jan. 19, 1837, to Nancy S. Smith, who was born in Mon- 
 roe county, N. Y., about 1817. Four children have been bom to them— Jerome, 
 Sarah Ann, Margaret and Adelaide. Mr. Tate has served the citizens of the tp. 
 in several local offices, and owns 240 acres of valuable land. 
 
PITTSFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1273 
 
 Oiles W. Ticknor (deceased) was born in Rensselaer county, N. Y., May 18, 1818. 
 His parents, Heman and Eliza Ticknor, were natives of Salisbury, Conn., and 
 emigrated to this count}' in 1836. They located on sec. 3, PittsHeld tp., where 
 they lived the remainder of their lives. The father died March 2, 1848, and the 
 mother July 4, 1850. Giles W. wasjoined in the bonds of holy wedloclt to Louisa 
 J. Doua:las, April 9, 1844. Mrs. Ticknor was born in Rensselaer county, N. Y., 
 May 30, 1836, and was a daughter of Darius and Sarah Douglas, the former a 
 native of Massachusetts, and the latter of New York. They came to this county 
 in 1835. Mr. Douglas died at Ann Arbor in 1808. Mrs. Douglas died October, 
 1843, at the age of 46 years. Three children were born to Mr and Mrs. Ticknor, 
 all deceased. Their son, Luther, who died Feb. 9, 1878, aged 33 years, was the 
 only one who married. On Jan. 27,1867, he married Louisa Allerton, bom in 
 Essex county, Eng., May 12, 1843, and daughter of Archibald and Mary A. Aller- 
 ton. Her parents came to America in the autumn of 1848. The children born to 
 Luther and Louisa were 5 in number — Frank H., Mary E., Jua M , Lois E. 
 and Ellen L. Mrs. Luther Ticknor is a member of the M. E. Church. Mrs. Giles 
 "W. Ticknor resides on the farm where her parents first located in 1835. 
 
 Jolm W. Van Yalkenburgh, farmer, sec. 12; P. 0., Ypsilanti ; was born in Onon- 
 daga Co., ]Sr. Y., Aug. 25, 1850. His parents, Lawrence and Sarah, still reside 
 in Monroe county, where John W. was reared to manhood. He was educated in 
 the common schools and at the Homer Academy in Cortland, N. Y. Be left 
 school at the age of 18, and secured employment as a clerk in the mercantile 
 trade. He was engaged in the cattle business until 1875, at which time he came 
 to Washtenaw county, and has since been engaged in farming. Oct. 30, 1873. he 
 married Minnie Michels, who was born in Germany Feb. 13, 1851. Three chil- 
 dren are the fruit of this alliance — Florence E., Rose E., and L. H. Mr. V. owns 
 100 acres of good tillable land. His brother, Arba S., is pursuing a thorough 
 course of study in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. 
 
 0. L. Wamfr was born in Ontario Co., N.Y., July 1, 1814. His parents, Oliver 
 and Lucinda Warner, were natives of Massachusetts, and in 1835, while Jlr. War- 
 ner was on a visit to his native place, he was struck by lightning and instantly 
 killed. His remains were taken to Ontario county for interment. His widow 
 survived him some 30 j'ears. O. L. was reared on a farm, and received his educa- 
 tional training in the " subscription schools " of Ontario coimty. He was maj-ried 
 Oct, 9, 1834, to Mary Ann Phelps, a native of Ontario county, where she was Jsorn 
 Jan. 5, 1817. Six children were the fruit of this marriage, 4 of whom are living 
 — C. C, William C, Eva and JIary L. Soon after 5Ir. Warner was married he 
 moved to Orleans countj-, and a year after to this county, locating in Lodi tp. in 
 1837, where he resided seven years ; he then removed to Pittsfield tp., where he 
 has since resided. Mr. AVarner has followed agricultural pursuits through life, 
 and now makes a specialty of breeding Cottswold sheep, of which he owns a 
 fine drove. His farm consists of loo acres of well-improved land. 
 
 Hmi. Nathan Wrbh, M D., the only surviving child of Nathan and JMary (Pratt) 
 Webb, was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., January, 1808. He is a descendant of 
 Christopher Webb, who emigrated from Essex or Devonshire, England, to America 
 about 10 years after the Puritans had landed on Plymouth Rock, and settled at the 
 place known as Quincy, N. Y. Nathan was thrown upon the world an orphan at 
 the tender age of 13 years. Until he arrived at the age of 16, he spent his time 
 in working at everything and all things, in the meantime obtaining a sutiicient 
 education to enable him to teach school. His first certificate which he Iras still 
 in his possession, w^as dated in Ontario Co., NY"., in 1824. He taught school dur- 
 ing the winter season (all his spare time being spent in the study of surve.yiDg), 
 until the year 1832, at which time he shipped as seaman on board an ocean vessel. 
 After a year's service, he was willing to retire from that kind of a life, and began 
 the study of medicine under Dr. Appleton, of Boston, ^NLass. Being unable to 
 support himself he returned to Rushville, Ontario county, where he studied 
 under Ira Bryant, with whom he had studied a short time before going to sea. 
 Mr. Bryant was a pupil of Peter Bryant, the father of the lamented William Cul- 
 len Bryant, ilr. Webb defrayed his expenses by teaching school, and in 1836 
 received his diploma from the State Medical Censors, of New York. He im- 
 mediately proceeded to Warren county. Pa., where he practiced four years. He 
 then returned to Ontario county and followed his profession until his removal to 
 this county in 1846. He settled on sec. 25, Pittsfield tp , where he has since re- 
 sided and enjoyed an extensive practice. He was married in Erie Co., Pa., Feb. 
 
1271 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 19, 1835, to Larinda Enos, born in that count}' Feb. 13, 1815. Seven children 
 have been born to them, 5 of whom are living — Georgiana, Harriet, Hadley H., 
 James H., and Catherine. When the Rebellion commenced, the doctor and three 
 of his sons went forth in the service of their country. Dr. AVebb enlisted in the 
 regular army for three years as A.ssistant Surgeon, but served only a portion of his 
 term, returning home to his practice. Hadley H. and Frederick S. were mem- 
 bei's of the " Normal Compan}-," 17th jMich. Vol. Inf., the latter being wounded 
 at Alexandria, Va., Sept. 17, 1863, and died from the effects of his wound in Jan- 
 uary, 1863. His remains were interred in the National cemetery, at Arlington. 
 James H. enlisted in the 24th Mich. Vol. Inf , and served during the wai-. Dr. 
 Webb was elected to the Michigan Senate in 1860, which otlice he filled with 
 credit to himself and honor to the citizens of Washtenaw county. To fully de- 
 scribe Dr. Webb's political sentiments would be impossible, but will use his own 
 words: "I have been a Eepublican from the first to the last, and all the time 
 between." Dr. "Webb has served the people in different official capacities, and is 
 a well-respected and honm-ed citizen of this county. He is a member of the I. 
 O. O. F., and the doctor and wife are Church membei's. 
 
 Harvey Wheeler was born in Ontario Co., N. 1: ., !May 3, 1832, a ^son of John 
 H. and Betsey Wheeler, natives of Connecticut. His father is dead, but the 
 motlier still survives and is a resident of Ontario Co., N. Y. Harvey was reared 
 as a teamster, beginning that business at the youthful age of nine years. He 
 came to Michigan in 1854 and settled in Pittsfield, Washtenaw county, where he 
 has since resided, with the exception of six 3'ears in York tp , and one in Ypsi- 
 lanti. He was married Sept. 7, 1851, to Sophronia Bentley, born in Ontario Co., 
 N. Y., in 1833. They have 4 children — Tompkins H., Alice, Hattie and J.jurada. 
 When Mr. Wheeler came to this count}', he first worked land on shares, but by 
 industrj' and econoni}- succeeded in making enough monej' to purchase a farm of 
 his own. He is now the happy possessor of 150 acres of valuable land. 
 
 James L. Wheelock, a jsrominent farmer and stock-raiser on sec. 33, was born at 
 Batavia, Genesee Co., N. Y., Feb. 28, 1825. His parents were Benjamin and Ro- 
 sanna Wheelock, the former a native of Connecticut' and the latter of New Hamp- 
 shire. They came to this county in 1839, locating one mile west of Saline village, 
 and two years after to Bridgewater tp., where the former died in July, 1832. He 
 had served as a soldier in the war of 1813. 3Irs. W. removed to Pittsfield tp. in 
 1835. She subsequently married Samuel Waldron . Mrs. Waldron died April 23, 
 1874, at the advanced age of 91 years. James L. was reared on a farm, and re- 
 ceived a common-school education. He was married May 20, 1846, to Irene 
 Haynes, born at Prattsburg, Steuben Co., N. Y., Nov. 20, 1827, and daughter of 
 Anson and Jane Haynes, who came to this county in 1843, locating near where 
 David Cody now resides. Mr. H. died in Ann Arbor, June 30, 1867, and ]Mrs. 
 Haynes in "Newaygo county, Mich., July 15, 1880. iMr. aud ilrs. Wheelock have 3 
 children — Juds(jn W., Margaret C. and Rosanna J. 
 
 Dairid Wilsey was born at Leroy, Genesee Co., N. Y., Nov, 23, 1819. His parents 
 were Henry and Mary Wilsey, and they emigrated to this county in 1831, locating 
 on sei-. 8, Pittsfield tp., where David grew to manhood. He received a common- 
 school education, and Jan. 6, 1853, married Lydia Boylan. Four' children were 
 born to them, 3 of whom survive— George C. and Mary A. Mr. Wilsey has been 
 elected to several oflices of honor and trust in Pittsfield tp., and from 1869 to 1873 
 represented that section of the county in the Board of Supervisors. He owns 133 
 acres of land in AVashtenaw county, and 76 acres in Clinton county, Michigan. 
 
 Joseph Wilsey, farmer, sec. 8, was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., March 9, 1834. 
 His parents were Henry aud Sarah Wilsey, the former a native of New York, 
 and the latter of New Jersey. They moved to this countv in 1831, locating on 
 sec. 8, Pittsfield tp., where the father died Jan. 9, 1874, in the 91st year of his 
 age. His widow still survives him at the ripe old age of 92 years. Joseph was 
 married to Orpha Holmes, born in New York, April 12, 1838, and daughter of 
 Burroughs and Polly Holmes. One child was born to them, but is now deceased. 
 Mr. Wilsey is a prominent farmer of his section of country, and although never 
 aspiring for political honors, was elected Highway Commissioner, in which 
 capacity he served three terms. 
 
LODI TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township was organized under authority of the Legislative 
 Council, given in an act approved March 7, 1S34. The following 
 is a copy of the act granting the prayer of the residents of Lodi, for 
 permission to organize their municipality: 
 
 Be it enacted by the Legislative Council of tlie Territory of Michigan^ That all 
 that part comprised in surveyed township 8 south, in range 5 east, be a town- 
 ship by the name of Lodi ; and the first township meeting to be held at the now 
 dwelling-house of Orrin Howe, in said township. 
 
 An organized community existed there as early as 1831, as in 
 April of that year an election was held, resulting in the choice of 
 Orrin Howe and Smith Lapham for the office of Justice of the 
 Peace, and Jonathan Hatch, Town Clerk. Orrin Howeiwas first 
 Postmaster. The original purchasers of the lands in Lodi township, 
 to whom patents were issued, or who entered lands in the Detroit 
 office, and settled on such lands, are included in the following list: 
 
 Lowry, John 
 Perry, Joseph 
 Gardner, John 
 John Cobb and Sid- 
 ney Dewey 
 Fay, Samuel 
 Warner, Lucinda 
 Arnold, Matthias 
 Knight, Rufus 
 Burgess, Thomas 
 Vreelandt, Hugh H. 
 Severance, Henry 
 (Jeddes, David. 
 Parsons, jr., Joseph 
 Davis, Randolph 
 Judd, Ozias 
 Morse, Thomas J. 
 Morse, Jjeonard 
 Mullock, Lewis 
 Schneider, John M. 
 April, Jacob 
 Hiscook, James 
 Beatz, John 
 Delhi, Frederick L. 
 Morse, Calvin K. 
 Morse, Newell 
 Larkin, William B. 
 Hunt, Samuel S. 
 Munro, Alexander 
 Drake. Governor 
 Lyon, Daniel 
 Esty, Samuel 
 
 Allen, Gilbert 
 Risdon, Lyman 
 Smith, Jefferson 
 Drake, Edward 
 Watkins, Benj. H. 
 Armstrong, Alexan- 
 der 
 Strickland, Joel B. 
 Booth, Horace 
 Blodget, Alnah 
 Lowry, Capt. John 
 Burgess, Mary A. 
 Williams, AUyn 
 Lathrop, Porter 
 John Thompson 
 Hurlburt, William 
 Holcomb, Alanson R 
 Earl, Daniel 
 Beckwith, Jefferson 
 
 H. 
 Sutton, William H. 
 Isbell, Lewis 
 Burns, Thomas 
 Burns, Edward 
 Moloney, .John 
 Hyatt, John M. 
 Rosier, Harvey 
 Whitcher, .Joseph 
 Van Riper, Andrew 
 
 J. 
 Dow, Benjamin 
 Speer, Henry T. 
 
 Sullivan, Dennis 
 Sage, James and El- 
 
 len 
 Speer, John D. 
 Speer, Thomas 
 Fletcher, Daniel B 
 Robinson, William 
 Spencer, Thomas 
 Egan, Thomas 
 Cramer, Henry H. 
 Marvin, Mather 
 DeYarmond, Alex- 
 ander. 
 AUmendinger, Dan- 
 iel F. 
 Dwelle, Jervase 
 Orrin Howe and 
 
 Adolphus Spoor 
 Lockwood, John 
 Lapham, Smith 
 Stillman, Jared 
 Rouse, Henry 
 Francisco, Harvey 
 
 Stillman, Jared A. 
 Stevens, Jesse 
 Dubois, Jacob C. 
 Dubois, Matthew C, 
 Stevens, Noah 
 .Jai;ocks, Thomas 
 Potter, Benjamin 
 Dubois, Conrad 
 
 Speer, John D. 
 .Jacocks, William H. 
 Jacooks, Samuel 
 Southwell, Jedediah 
 Bennett, John D. 
 Maxwell, Matthew 
 Maxwell, William 
 Freeland, John 
 Chrysler, John 
 Manser, George 
 Wiltse, James 
 Van Riper, .Jerry C. 
 Gunter, John F. 
 Van Riper, Hassel 
 Wheatou, William 
 Wiuans, Moses 
 Robinson, Loammi 
 Huggins, William 
 Sheldon, Newton 
 Pattison, Egbert W. 
 Pattison, William 
 North, John D. 
 Wheeler, Belina 
 Harper, Alonzo 
 Wheeler, Melinda 
 Austin, Aaron 
 Hooker, Cyprian S. 
 Tate, Stephen 
 Pool, Thomas I. 
 Briggs, Russell 
 Overacker, Anthony 
 Overacker, ]\Iichael 
 
 (1275) 
 
1276 HISTOBT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Perhaps two or three of the men whose names are given in the 
 foregoing list never resided in the township; yet so many became 
 permanent residents, that the difBculty of searching out the names 
 of absentee proprietors may form an excuse for associating them 
 with the strong hearts who remained to transform the wild woods 
 into gardens and dot the land with happy homes. 
 
 MISFORTUNE NEVER COMES ALONE. 
 
 A. M. Gilbert, one of the early settlers, who came in 1826, died 
 two years later, leaving a wife and 10 children to mourn his loss. 
 To add misfortune to misfortune, the eldest son, Orrin, went out hunt- 
 ing, became lost in the thickets of the forest, and when his body was 
 found, it was discovered that his death had resulted from cold and 
 hunger. The poor boy had eaten the fingers of both hands in his 
 battle for existence. Another son died in defense of the Union, and 
 though such a death was glorious, yet to the widowed mother, it was a 
 calamity for which earth had no solace. David Mount, another of 
 the early settlers, deemed it proper to hang himself, and carried out 
 his intention in 1838. 
 
 THE FIRST IN THE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Gilbert Allen is said to be the first practical temperance apostle in 
 the town. He built the first barn, and presented his friends with the 
 pure aq^ua vitce instead of the ordinary " calamity water" introduced 
 on such occasions. Yetit is positively stated that T. Tate, Loam mi 
 Eobison and Festus Fellows raised their buildings without whisky 
 some time previously. 
 
 In April, 1827, the little lady known as Harriet Lapham was 
 born. She was the daughter of Smith Lapham, a pioneer of 1825. 
 
 The first marriage was that contracted between Polly Gilbert and 
 Robert Craig. The knot was tied by 'Squire Lapham in May, 1829. 
 This marriage, however, belongs to Saline township. The same year 
 Harriet Wickham and Thomas Wood joined in matriinony in the 
 ordinary fashion. It is stated that Miss Alvira Williams and Mr. 
 McClelland were married first, but there is no positive record of the 
 event. 
 
 The first deaths recorded are those of Miss Betsy Howe, daughter 
 of Orrin, who died in 1827. About the same time, Mr. Howe's 
 hired man was consigned to mother earth. Their graves formed the 
 nucleus of Lodi Plains cemeter}'. Bazzila Goodrich was buried 
 there in 1831. 
 
 The first dwelling-house was erected by 'Squire Williams, and he 
 combines this honor with thatof being the first settler. 
 
 The first school-teacher was Miss Polly Stratton, who presided 
 over an assembly of children of the township, in a room of one of the 
 dwelling-houses in the district, from 1827 to 1829. The first log 
 school-house was erected in 1829, where the frame school-house now 
 stands, on the plains. 
 
LODI TOWNSHIP. 1277 
 
 In the following summary of history, from the pen of Harrison 
 W. Bassett in 1876, many of the events characteristic of early 
 times are given, and the men of the period treated to a brief 
 review : 
 
 '' The first purchase of land in Lodi was made Sept. 29, 1824, 
 by Hugh Chrestie, it being the southwest quarter of section 36. 
 This gentleman never became a resident. Allen Williams, who 
 entered three lots on sections 13 and 14, May 9, 1825, has the 
 honor of erecting the first log house, and of being the first 
 settler in the township. During the spring and summer of the 
 same year purchases were made on section 3 by Kufus Knight; 
 on 23 and 24 by Orrin Howe and Adolphns Spoor, and 35 and 36 by 
 Aaron Austin and Russell Briggs. In the fall, locations were 
 made by Arnold on section 2; Daniel AUmendinger on 19; Jesse 
 Meacham, Smith Lapham and Samuel Camp on 23, 24 and 25. 
 
 " Most of these parties prepared their houses this season and re- 
 turned and moved their families in the following spring. A line 
 of marked trees was at this time followed by the pioneer from Ann 
 Arbor to the settlement. In the spring of 1826 a wagon track was 
 cut through the woods from Ann Arbor, near where the road now is. 
 
 "During this summer, the settlement increased rapidly. 
 Many purchases were made and homes were being pre- 
 pared in every direction. Among the accessions of this 
 season were John Lowry, John Cobb, Porter Lathrop, 
 Horace and Yirgil Booth. This summer, when there was 
 so much to do in preparing and making homes comfortable 
 before winter, there was much sickness, which disheartened a 
 few, who sold their land and returned East. At this time a yonng 
 lady, Betsey Howe, daughter of Orrin Howe, died, which was the 
 first death, and her grave was the commencement of the cemetery 
 on Lodi Plains. It was on this occasion that the first sermon was 
 preached in the settlement by a Presbyterian living near Ann Ar- 
 bor. In the following fall the Rev. Mr. Balkman, a young Metliodist 
 minister passing through from Monroe, made Lodi a point in his cir- 
 cuit, and occasionally preached there. After this year it became more 
 healthy and the settlers prospered and were content. 
 
 " Each year now gave them some new accessions. Timothy 
 Hunt, who located on section 26 in the spring of 1828, where he 
 spent nearly the whole of the remainder of his life, was the last to 
 purchase Government land in the eastern part of the township. In 
 the first three years it had nearly all been occupied. The western 
 part was occupied between the years 1830 and 1835. The spring 
 of 1827 found the settlement firmly established and prosperous. 
 They now began to look beyond the necessities of mere physical 
 existence, and formed institutions which would give them some of 
 the privileges and conveniences which they had left behind them. 
 A postofBce was established and named Lodi, with Orrin Howe, 
 Postmaster. This name adhered to the soil. It has ever since 
 
1278 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 been known as Lodi Plains. The first school was taught this sea- 
 son by Miss Polly Stratton, in a house built by Allen Williams. 
 
 " The first birth occurred during this summer. A daughter was 
 born in the family of Smith Lapham. I may, however, be dis- 
 puted here, for there generally are half a dozen who claim priority 
 of birth. Among the first ministers who visited them and gave 
 them religious instruction, were: Eld. Twist, a Baptist; "Weed, a 
 Presbyterian, and Pilcher, a Methodist. Religious services were 
 first held in private houses. In 1829 a log school-house was built 
 on the Plains, near where the frame one now stands. It served 
 the double purpose of school-house and church. 
 
 " Nearly the whole of the four townships cornering here were at 
 first in the same civil jurisdiction, named Saline. Lodi was organ- 
 ized in 1836, taking the name of its postoffice. In February of the 
 same year the Presbyterian Ohurch of Lodi was organized by the 
 Rev. I. M. Weed and John Beach. Timothy Hunt, a Baptist, do- 
 nated five acres of land on the northeast corner of section 26, to 
 the society, for the church and parsonage grounds, upon which a 
 frame church was erected in the winter of 1837. The Eev. J. Gr. 
 Kanouse, whom many of you well remember, was its first pastor. 
 
 "About this time the Germans established a settlement in Free- 
 dom, adjoining us on the west, which has spread in every direction, 
 and now it covers several townships. Three-quarters of the soil 
 of Lodi is to-day in German hands. They have not retarded, but 
 accelerated, the improvement of the soil. Industry and frugality 
 are their cardinal virtues. Their strong hands have subdued and 
 made productive the most forbidding and barren places. 
 
 "In 1847 Prof. Nutting selected Lodi Plains as the site for an 
 enterprise which proved to be of incalculable benefit to the youth 
 of the vicinity, viz.: the establishment of an academy. The build- 
 ing was erected the same season, and school opened in the fall. 
 It was carried on with great success for about 10 years, until old 
 age bade him rest from his labor. It contributed largely to the 
 social and intellectual advancement, not only of the youth, but of 
 all the inhabitants. Lodi, always noted for its beauty and fertility 
 of soil, now became famous for its school. It has furnished three 
 Representatives to the State Legislature, viz.: 0. Howe, John 
 Lowry and Newton Sheldon. Two appointments have been made 
 to West Point: Edwin Howe and Edwin Phillips. Some of her 
 sons are found in each of the learned professions. She had sons 
 who fell on the battle-fields of the South while fighting to preserve 
 the life of the nation. 
 
 " The oldest living settler now in the town is Merrit Perry, who 
 came here in 1827, and has lived on the same section nearly 50 
 years. There are very few of the first inhabitants who have re- 
 mained to witness the growth and development of the township. 
 Though these pioneers have in many instances failed as individuals 
 to attain the positions and acconaplish the objects which they have 
 
LODI TOWNSHIP. 1279 
 
 looked forward to, yet as a people they have more than realized the 
 predictions of the most visionary." 
 
 THE SURVIVING PIONEERS 
 
 of the township include Mrs. Hunt, widow of T. "W". Hunt, aged 81 
 years; Mrs. Ira Wood, aged 84; Eli Beuton, aged 81; Festus Fel- 
 lows, aged 78; Blodgett Smith, aged 86; Ira Bassett, 81; Darius 
 "Wood 72; Mrs. Isabella Eobinson,?-!; Mrs. Isbell, aged 84; Elder 
 North, now living in Ann Arbor, 80; Mrs. Grilbert Allen, 70; 
 Newton Sheldon, 70; Marcena (Hunt) Bassett, 74; Betsy {Tate) 
 Boorheis, 73; Mrs. Benton, 70; Mrs. Blodgett Smith, 76; Grant 
 Perry, 73; Merrit Perry, 70; and A. H. Hotchkin. 
 
 MANUFACTORIES, MILLS, ETC. 
 
 The first saw-mill erected in the township was that by Russell 
 Briggs, in 1829. The Johnson Mill was built in 1838. The former 
 establishment was on the Saline river, one mile above the village; 
 the latter on the same stream about one mile above that of Mr. 
 Briggs. Those old mills have passed away. There has never been 
 a grist-mill in the town, and with the exception of a steam saw-mill 
 and a planing-mill, the district is entirely wanting in everything 
 pertaining to manufactures. The township being minus factories, 
 postoffice and saloons, there is scarcely any pressing necessity for a 
 church, and perhaps it is on this account that a church has not 
 been bestowed upon the people. 
 
 CHURCH AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 The Presbyterian congregation organized in 1834, and erected a 
 church in 1836, during the ministry of Eev. Geo. Kanouse. Sub- 
 sequently a number of members took letters, and organized in 
 1854 as the Independent Church of Lodi. This new society 
 purchased the church building from the original society. In 1874, 
 this society united with the Presbyterians of Saline, and sold the 
 church building to the Baptists of North Adams, who had it trans- 
 ported to that place. The pastors of the Church from the period of 
 organization were: Revs. J. B. Kanouse, A. B. Corning, H. B. Mc- 
 Math, L. M. Glover, C. G. Clark, Justin Marsh. The elders were: 
 Mather Marvin, T. Tate, David G. Mount, Othniel Hall, Enoch 
 Eddy, Darius S. Wood, Horace Booth, John D. Bennett, A. H. 
 Hotchkin, John F. Lansing, Isaac Elliot. The names of the dea- 
 cons comprise: Francis Lansing, Josiah Jacobus, Virgil Booth and 
 A. H. Hotchkin. 
 
 There are six school buildings in the town devoted to school 
 purposes, valued at $4,000. The ordinary curriculum of the com- 
 mon school is offered to the children. 
 
1280 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OOUNTy. 
 
 AGEIOULTUEAL EESOUECES. 
 
 The improved acreage of Lodi township is set down at 14,723, 
 unimproved at 4,541, and total at 19,228, divided into 160 farms, 
 averaging 120.40 acres per farm. 
 
 The number of acres under wheat in 1879 was 3,783, yielding an 
 average of 23.76 bushels to the acre, or 89,869 bushels in toto. The 
 acreage devoted to wheat in May, 1880, was 4,283, being 500 acres 
 in excess of the former year's sowing. 
 
 The corn-fields covered an area of 1,421 acres, producing 100,397 
 bushels. The oats threshed from 996 acres, in 1879, equaled 47,- 
 427 bushels; the barley from 172 acres showed a product of 4,782 
 bushels; the clover seed from 672, exceeded 1,170 bushels; the 
 potatoe-fields, extending over 125, produced 9,767 bushels, and the 
 meadows, covering 2,413 acres, yielded 2,919 tons of hay. The 
 township forms one of the richest agricultural districts in the 
 county. Streamlets are numerous, while the Saline river flows 
 through its extreme southern sections. 
 
 OFFICIALS. 
 
 The officers of the township for 1880-'! comprised Geo. Stabler, 
 Supervisor; James Sage and Comstock F. Hill, Justices; Leopold 
 Blaess, Town Clerk; and Gaudaioupe Bagley, Commissioner of 
 Highways. 
 
 PERSONAL SKETCHES. 
 
 The biographical sketches which follow deal with the personal 
 history of many of the pioneers, together with that of men whose 
 interests are now closely identified with the township. 
 
 GharUi Almendinger, farmer, Lodi tp., was born in Lehigh county, Pa., Jan. 4, 
 1819 . His parents, Daniel F. and Christiana Almendinger, were born in Ger- 
 many, the former Sept. 25, 1793, and the latter Aug. 33, 1783. They started for 
 America in 1817, and suffering many serious drawbacks, arrived at Philadelphia 
 after an eight months' voyage. They had but one penny, a French coin, left,, and 
 found work with a dairyman, living about 30 miles from the "Quaker city." Soon 
 after Mr. A. went to Allentown, Pa., and worked at his trade (a weaver) for "some 
 time. In 1835 he came to this county and bought 160 acres of land from Govern- 
 ment at $1.35 per acre. In March, 1830, he started on " foot-back" for Washtenaw 
 county, and arrived after a long and wearisome journey. He planted a crop of 
 corn on his new land and returned to New York, the following autumn coming out 
 with his family and locating on his farm, in Lodi tp., near Ann Arbor village. He 
 died May 31, 1865, and his wife, June 25, 1846. Cliarles was reared on a farm and 
 educated in the log school-house of those pioneer days. On April 18, 1843, he 
 married Rebecca Croman,,born in August, 1829, and daughter of John and Elizabeth 
 Croman, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to this county in 1839. They have 
 8 children — Lucy A., born March 1, 1844, wife of Charles MoComber, Ann Arbor; 
 Clinton, born Oct. 24, 1845, and married Mary Mead; Sarah J., born March 16, 
 1849, and wife of Alexander Thompson, of Clackamas county, Oregon. Mr. Almen- 
 dinger possesses a good farm, located about three miles from Ann Arbor. He was 
 Vice-President of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County for Lodi tp., for three 
 years, and takes a great interest in preserving the pioneer history, He is a 
 Republican. Mr. Almendinger owns a good farm, and is comfortably situated in 
 life. His portrait will be found in this volume, on page 931. 
 
LODI TOWNSHIP. 1281 
 
 Harrison, W. Sassett, sou of Ira and Mai-cena (Hunt) Bassett, early pioneers of 
 "Washtenaw county, was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Julj- 8, 1832. In 1839 lie 
 came with his parents to this county, where he grew to manhood. He received 
 his educational training at Michigan University, graduating from the literary 
 department in 1854. He was then employed as Professor of Languages, in 
 Tecumseh, Mich., for five years. At the expiration of this time he went to Illinois 
 and Iowa, where he was engaged as a civil engineer for a number of years. He 
 taught school in DeWitt, Iowa, for two years, and then returned to this county, 
 where he has since been engaged in farming, and breeding the celebrated Spanish 
 Merino sheep. On Nov. 12, 1862, he married Mrs. Elsie M. Fowler, daughter of 
 Norman G. and Altena Fowler, old residents of this county. They have 1 
 child — Clifford E. Mr. Bassett owns 157 acres of fine farming "land, located near 
 Saline. In politics he is Republican. 
 
 /)•(( Bassett, retired farmer, was born in Litchfield count}'. Conn., Nov. 28, 1799. 
 His parents were Nathan and Hattie Bassett. Ira passed his youth on a farm, 
 and obtained his educational training at the district schools of his native State. 
 In 1823 he went to Onondaga county, N. Y., where he lived until 1839, when he 
 emigrated to Washtenaw county. He entered nine lots of land in Kent county, 
 Mich., near the mouth of Flat river, but settled in Saline tp., where he lived till 
 1848, and then moved to Lodi tp., where he resides at present. He was married 
 in September, 1831, to Marcena Hunt, and 4 children were boru to them — Harri- 
 son W., Sereno B., Laura, wife of Russell Godfrey; Sophia, wife of Nelson Booth, 
 of Ann Arbor. Mrs. B. is a daughter of John and Parly Hunt, and was born in 
 Onondaga county, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1807. Mr. Bassett started in this life with but a 
 small share of this world's goods. He had obtained sufficient knowledge to ena- 
 ble him to teach, and this business he followed successfully for nine years. After 
 coming to this county he accumulated wealth very rapidly, and a few years ago 
 owned an extensive tract of valuable land lying to the north of Saline village. 
 He has lately made a division of his property among his children and only kept 
 40 acres for his own use. In politics he is a Republican, and is also a consistent 
 member of the Baptist Church of Saline. 
 
 Sereno Bassett, farmer, sec. 24, Lodi tp., was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
 Nov. 17, 1833, and is a son of Ira and Marcena (Hunt) Bassett, natives of New 
 York. In 1838 Mr. B. came with his parents to this county, where he was reared 
 and educated. Dec. 3, 1857, he married Lucy Fish, born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
 Aug. 19, 1836, and daughter of Charles and Lorinda (Bliss) Fish. Of their 7 chil- 
 dren, 6 are living — Emmett, Frederick, Prank, Charles, Merritt and Elmer. Ira 
 is deceased. Mr. Bassett is engaged in farming a piece of 185 acres of richly cul- 
 tivated land. He is of English ancestry, and votes with the Republican party. 
 
 Albert Blaess, one of the leading German citizens of Lodi tp., was born in Wur- 
 temberg, Germany, June 21, 1846. He was reared on a farm, and educated in the 
 University of Switzerland, the subject of chemistry being the principal feature of 
 his study. In 1864 he came to America, and for a number of years served in the 
 U. S. Navy. After leaving the sea he came West and settled in this county 
 where he has resided since, engaged in farming. In December, 1868, he married 
 Catherine, a daughter of Ginder and Anna Baumgartner, natives of Germany, 
 who emigi'ated to this county about 184.5. This marriage was blessed with 4 
 children — Charles, Gristaff, Emma and Meda. i\Ir. B. owns quite an extensive 
 tract of valuable land. 
 
 Leopold Blaess was born in Wurtenberg, Germany, June 27, 1831, son of 
 Chas. B. and Julia (Orth) Blaess. He was reared on a farm, and educated in the 
 University of Switzerland. For four years he was employed as clerk in a store, 
 and in 1850 emigrated to America. He was engaged in mining in Penn-sj-lvania 
 for some time, but in 1856 came westward, and was charmed with the advantages 
 offered in 'the soil and climate of this county. He located on a piece of land 
 which forms a oortion of his present homestead. Aug. 6, 1856, he married Mery 
 Visel, born in Remmingsheim, Germany, in 1835, daughter of Christian Visel, 
 who emigrated to America in 1853. They have 11 children — Julius, Charles, 
 Robert, Willie, Oscar, Otto, Herman, Mary, Emma, Bertie and Julia. Mr. 
 Blaess owns a farm of 243 acres, situated on sections 12 and 13, and valued at $80 
 per acre. He is Clerk of Lodi tp. 
 
 Eri L. Brainard, Vice-President of the Pioneer Society of Washtenaw County 
 for Lodi tp. , was born at Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y., Aug. 37,1821. His parents, 
 Dudley and Joicy (Diver) Brainard, were natives of Vermont, where the former 
 
1282 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 died in 1829, leaving his wife in very limited circumstances. Eri was only a boy 
 at the time of his father's death, and for some years bravely filled his father's 
 place as well as he was able. He received but a limited education, and in 1833 
 went to Rockdale, Pa., and in 1837 to Vernon, Ohio, where he remained until 
 
 1840. He then returned to New York, where he received a sum of money willed 
 to him. He emigrated from New York to Michigan, locating near " Saline 
 Reserve." He lived in this latter place until March, 1878, when he sold his farm- 
 and purchased property in Saline village, where he resides at present. He was 
 married May 6, 1852 to Ruth Guiett, born in England, Nov. 19, 1839, and emi- 
 grated with her parents to America at eight years of age. One child — Flora 
 Ruth, born June 1, 1853 — was the result of this union. Mrs. Brainard died June 
 6, 1853, and on Sept. 15, 1858, Mr. B. married Nancy A. Smith, daughter of Ozias 
 A. and Hannah (Lamb) Smith. Three children were born to this marriage, 2 
 of whom are living — William F. and Grant E. Callie I. (deceased) was born Aug. 
 14, 1859, and died Aug. 12, 1877. 
 
 Otdvin T. Bzirnett (dece&sed), whose portrait we give on p. 311, was born at 
 De Kalb, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1824. When seven years old he 
 moved with his parents to Livingston county, Mich , where he remained until 
 
 1841, when he removed to this county. His early life was passed in agricultural 
 pursuits, and he received his education in the common schools. December 30, 1847, 
 he was joined in the bonds of holy wedlock to Ann Eliza Booth, born in Wash- 
 tenaw county, Dec. 4, 1829, and a daughter of Virgil and Rhoda Booth. This 
 marriage was blessed with 8 children, 6 of whom are living — George F., married to 
 Emily Kettle ; Martha J., wif e.of Mark Webster ; Calvin V., married to Laura Stevens ; 
 Anna R., Louisa D., Walter B. Mr. Burnett departed this life Nov. 26, 1876. 
 Mrs. B.'s father, Virgil Booth, was born at Campbell Hall, N- Y., March 7, 1803. 
 His ancestry is traced back to " Revolutionary times," when three brothers named 
 Booth emigrated from England to America, one of whom settled on Long Island, 
 from whence, it is supposed, sprang this present family. Mr. B. located in this 
 county in 1826. He was married in November, 1829, to Rhoda Burgess, by whom he 
 had 7 children, all daughters — Ann Eliza, Mary E., wife of J. H. Hicks ; Martha 0., 
 wife of Frank Herbert; Lois D., wife of Albert Wheeler ; Rachel M., wife of 
 Frank Hurlbert ; Rhoda E., wife of Oscar Phelps, Phcebe J. is deceased. After 
 a long siege of pioneer life and labors, Mr. Booth was laid away till Gabriel's trum- 
 pet will bid him rise and taste of the joys of the great everlasting. 
 
 James Caplin, farmer, was born in Canada, May 29, 1885. His parents, John 
 and Jane Caplin, were natives of England, and emigrated to America in 1833, 
 settling in Canada, where James was born and reared to manhood. He received 
 his education in the schools of the Dominion. Nov. 3, 1853, he was married to 
 Martha Meyer, daughter of John and Anna Meyer, who were natives of Switzer- 
 land, emigrating to Canada, where Martha was born, Jan. 19, 1835. To this union 
 6 children have been born — Anna, wife of John Redaway ; John. Rosena, Maria, 
 James and Carrie. Mr. C. came to this county in 1864, and settled in Lodi tp., 
 where he at present resides, and owns 130 acres of choice land. Has been a farmer 
 all his life. 
 
 James H. Glougli, farmer, was born in Lancashire, England, Sept. 30, 1827. 
 His parents were Josiah and Mary Clough, natives of England, who emigrated to 
 America in 1843 and stopped in New York city, where James H. worked with 
 his father at wagon-making till the latter died. James continued at this business 
 till 1854, when he removed to this county, and has since followed farming. His 
 farm is located on sees. 37 and 28, and consists of 145 acres. On Dec. 2, 1849, 
 he married Margaret E. Blum, born Aug. 6, 1830, and daughter of Philip and 
 Mary M. Blum. To this alliance 11 children were born, 10 of whom are living — 
 William H., Mary E, wife of John Groff ; Jacob J., James, George, Charles, Elmer 
 C, Frederick, Edwin and Nelson L. 
 
 Randolph Davis (deceased) was torn near Princeton, N. J., Aug. 29, 1798. At 
 an early age he went to Seneca Co., N. Y., where he passed his youth, and was 
 educated. Oct. 10, 1821 he married 3Iary Geddes. There were 9 children born 
 to them, 7 of whom are living — John G., George A., Martin L., Mary J., Charles 
 M., Randolph and Hannah A. Henry and David are deceased. In 188 — , Mr. 
 Davis came to Washtenaw county, and purchased 160 acres of land at Govern- 
 ment rates, a yoke of oxen, and a" cow. Thus he started in life in this county, but 
 by honesty, integrity and goaheaditiveness he became the possessor of consider- 
 able property. He died Jan. 10, 1872, at the advanced age of 74 years. He wag 
 
0,2 
 
 $ n 
 
 C 
 
 li 
 
 ^ in 
 
 2 n 
 
 a 
 o 
 
LODI TOWNSHIP. 1285 
 
 mourned by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. Another pioneer has 
 left this shore, to dwell in that bright forevermore. Mrs. Davis still survives at 
 the age of 82. She resides on the old homestead consisting of 240 acres. Vei-y 
 clear and vivid are the recollections of her mind of those pioneer days when a log 
 cabin was their earthly home, and their nearest neighbors bands of roving 
 Indians. 
 
 Milan Glover (deceased) was born at Phelps, N. Y., Aug. 11, 1811. He was reared 
 on a farm, and educated at Geneva College, G-eneva, N. Y. In 1830 he came 
 with his parents to this county, and Nov. 12, 1835, he married Lydia M. Lansing, 
 and 2 children were born to them, both deceased. Mrs. Glover died Dec. 80, 1857, 
 and Dec. 23, 1869, Mr. G. married Celinda K., a daughter of Erastus and Eliza- 
 beth Kellogg. To this union 4 children were born— Edward, Frank E., Archie 
 A. M. and Elizabeth E. In 1837 he removed to Shiawassee Co., Mich., where he 
 resided for some time, but finally came back to Washtenaw. On March 8, 1871, he 
 passed to that far beyond, where" he awaits the great Judgment Day. At the time 
 of his death, and for many years previous, he was a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church. His brother, the late Dr. Livingston Glover, of Jacksonville, 111., was a 
 clergyman of eminence in Illinois^ and pastor of the 1st. Presbyterian Church of 
 that city for very many years. Mrs. Glover's grandfather was a soldier in the 
 Revolutionary war. 
 
 Egbert P. Harper, farmer, son of Robert and Berthania Harper, was born in 
 "Wayne Co., N. Y., Oct. 24, 1833. In 1835 he was brought by his parents to this 
 county, where he has grown to manhood and received a limited education. On 
 July 22, 1856, he married Mary J. Fellows, born in Washtenaw county, July 2, 
 1832, and daughter of Festus and Harriet Fellows, natives of Onondaga Co., N. 
 Y. Mr. Harper was Supervisor of Lodi tp. nine years, and officiated as Justice of 
 the Peace for two terms. He owns a farm of 240 acres, valued at |75 per acre, and 
 devotes a large share of his time to raising Spanish Merino sheep. 
 
 Jacob H. Hicks is one of the more prominent citizens of Lodi tp. He was born 
 at Fayette, Seneca Co., N. Y., Juh^ 3, 1824. He is a son of James S. and Sarah 
 (Dubois) Hicks, the former born Jan. 28, 1788, in Dutchess Co., N. Y., and the 
 latter born Dec. 26, 1795, at Marbleton, Ulster Co., N. Y. Mr. Hicks was reared 
 on a farm and obtained his educational training in the common schools of his native 
 State. May 15, 1851, he married Mary E. Booth, born in Washtenaw county Feb. 
 16, 1830, and a daughter of Virgil and Rhoda Booth, the former settling in this 
 county in 1826. To this union 7 children were born, 6 of whom are living — 
 Charles V., Mary E., wife of David M. De Tarr, a physician of Boone, Iowa, James 
 P., Rhoda M,, Lillie J. and Carrie B. William Alfred is deceased. Mr. H. owns a 
 farm of 360 acres, located on sees. 12 and 13, and covered with numerous buildings 
 , and a fine brick residence. Id politics he is a Republican, and also a member of 
 ' the Masonic order in the chapter. Mr. Hicks' father was a soldier in the war of 
 1813, and died Nov. 1, 1870, at Hillsdale, Mich., aged 83. His wife followed him 
 Nov. 23, 1873, at the age of 75. Mr. Hicks' grandfather served in the Revolu- 
 tionary war, holding an official position under Gen. Washington. 
 
 Comstock F. Hill, farmer, sec. 24, Lodi tp , was born in Massachusetts June 27, 
 1835. His parents, Fitch and Eliza Hill, came to this county in 1837 and located 
 at Ann Arbor, but in 1855 removed to Lodi tp., where they passed their last days 
 upon this earth. Comstock F. was raised a " farmer's boy," and Oct. 10, 1865, he 
 married Lydia Benton, born in this county in 1843. She died May 10, 1875, leav- 
 ing 3 children— Ernest, Ada and Theodore. Mrs. HUl was a member of the Con- 
 gregational Church for 20 years. Mr. H. ofiiciates as Justice of the Peace, and 
 attends to setthng up of real-estate matters. He resides on a good farm, and politi- 
 cally is a Democrat. His grandfather served as a private soldier in the Revolution- 
 ary war. As a representative citizen of Washtenaw county, we give Mr. Hill's 
 portrait in this work, on page 913. 
 
 Abraham iTz'rtA, farmer, sec. 7 ; P.O., Ann Arbor; was born in Wurtemberg, 
 Germany, June 7, 1832. His parents, John G. and Barbara Hirth, emigrated with 
 their family to America in 1835. They located in Washtenaw county, where 
 Abraham grew to manhood, and his educational advantages were limited to the 
 common schools, and he was frequently deprived of even attendingthese. In No- 
 vember, 1847, he married Dortha Wellman, and 10 children were born to them, 
 8 of whom are living— Frederick, Simon, Henry, Emanuel, Ernest, Louisa, Anna 
 and Julius. Mrs. Hirth died May 3, 1877, being a member of the Lutheran 
 Church for many years, as is also Mr. Hirth. Mr. Hirth is the happy possessor of 
 74 
 
1286 ", HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 a farm of 280 acres on sees. 7 and 8,valued at |75 per acre, and all the fruits of his 
 individual toil and labor. He believes the principles adopted by the Republican 
 party. His uncle, John Hirth, served in the French army under Napoleon Bona- 
 parte. 
 
 Simon F. Hirth, farmer, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, Oct. 37, 1827. He 
 came with his parents to America in 1835. He never attended school where the 
 English language was taught, but learned it by his own personal efforts, and with 
 scarcely any assistance from others. He takes considerable interest in English 
 literature. On July 17, 1852, he married Dortha Niethammer, and 8 children 
 have been born to them, 6 of whom are living — Anna C, Henry M., John G., 
 Simon F., Ernest E. and Albert J. Mrs. Hirth was born in Germany July 10, 
 1827. Mr. and Mrs. Hirth are members of the German Lutheran Church. He 
 owns 354 acres of land, valued at $75 per acre, and in politics adopts the princi- 
 ples of the Republican party. 
 
 Mrs. Phcebe L. {Fellows) Hurd, one of the few remaining pioneer mothers of 
 this county, was born in Susquehanna county. Pa., Jan. 5, 1801. When about 
 three years of age, her parents removed to Onondaga county, where she grew to 
 womanhood, and then married Timothy W. Hunt, who was born in Connecticut, 
 in 1799. The date of this union was in February, 1825. In 1828, Mr, Hunt went 
 westward and located land on sees. 26 and 35, Lodi tp., Washtenaw Co., Mich., 
 and then went back after his family. With his wife and little daughter, Mr. 
 Hunt came to his new home in the month of Juljr, and began the struggle for 
 existence in this Western country. In a short time Mr. Hunt and 1 child were 
 taken with the fever, but soon recovered. In 1827 Mr. Hunt went to Syracuse, N. 
 Y,, on business, and returned after a few months' visit. Their 2 daughters were 
 members of the Baptist Church, and when called up higher, left this world with a 
 firm trust in Him who rules the Heaven and the earth. Mrs. Hunt was stricken 
 with paralysis, and while paying his individual attentions to his noble wife, Mr. 
 Hunt was afflicted with a wasting and painful sickness, and was soon laid to rest 
 amid the scenes of his life and triumphs in these Western wilds. Mrs. Hunt still 
 remains, and although over 80 years of age, retains her memory to a remarkable 
 degree. Her living descendants are but few in number, comprising 2 sons, 4 
 grandchildren and 8 great-grandchildren. 
 
 Rev. L. KUngman, pastor of Salem Lutheran Church, Lodi tp., was born in 
 Germany, Sept. 8, 1838, son of Stephen and Margaret Klingman. Mr. K. was 
 reared in the " old country," and attended the Basle University, of Switzerland, 
 graduating from that institution in 1860. He subsequently came to America, and 
 entered upon the duties of his high calling — a calling the noblest of any on God's 
 footstool. He first located at Adrian, Michigan, where he labored five years. He 
 then went to Monroe, where he officiated as pastor for two years, at the expiration 
 of which time he came to this county, and has been attending to the spiritual 
 want of the members ot the above named Church since that time. July 20, 1861, 
 he married Caroline Diehr, and 8 children were sent to bless this happy couple — 
 Jane, Alice, Julius, Theophel, Frederick, Iilatthew and Caroline. Emanuel is 
 deceased. 
 
 Oeorge Johnson stands in the front rank of the prominent men of Lodi tp. He 
 was bom July 19, 1830, son of John and Elizabeth Johnson, the former a native of 
 Bergen Co., N. Y., and the latter a native of Pompton Co., N. J. In 1836 Jlr. J. 
 came with his parents to this count_y, and here grew to manhood. On Oct. 3, 
 1865, he married Eliza C. Lymberner, born in Jerseyville, Canada, Oct. 8, 
 1844, daughter of William Lymberner, One child was given to this union — Flor- 
 ence M., born May 14, 1867. John Johnson, the father of George, aided in build- 
 ing the first churches and school-house erected in Lodi tp. He died Dec. 21, 
 1860, aged 72, anl his wife June 18, 1877, at the advanced age of 87 years. Mr. 
 George Johnson has been elected to fill several local offices, and in politics is 
 Democratic. He owns a farm of 240 acres, valued at $90 per acre. 
 
 Captain John Loiory was born Feb. 14, 1793, at Livingston's Manor, Schoharie 
 Co., N. Y., the eldest son of Peter and Hannah (Wiltsej')^Lowry, who later moved 
 to Onondaga Co., JST. Y., where John Lowry married Sylvia, daughter of David 
 and Elizabetli AVickham, in February, 1821 ; she was born March 20, 1799. Hav- 
 ing few worldly possessions, both were willing to use hand and brain in any 
 honest way, to secure what is needed in such a co-partnership to supply present 
 and'future' wants, with a mutual understanding that gain or loss was to be shared 
 equally. Their early advantages would to-day be considered very inadequate for 
 
LODI TOWNSHIP. 1287 
 
 "What they planned to accomplish. They chose farming as most genial to them, 
 and those two strong -wills, by patience, econoiny and wisdom, moved steadily 
 forward, each supplying the lack of the other. Dec. 13, 1822, they rejoiced over 
 their first horn — James, who was all that parents could desire as to the elements 
 of manhood. He married Clarissa Welch, and was a loving, devoted husband and 
 father ; he had 3 daughters and 1 son ; but he and 2 daughters, Mary E. Parsons 
 and Martha E. Wood, are deceased. June 2, 1835, Mary Elizabeth "was born as 
 the second child to the subject of this sketch; she married Mr. Poster, and is now 
 a resident of Ann Arbor. 
 
 In June, 1825, they moved to Ann Arbor, where all was a wilderness save a few 
 log cabins. Jonathan Stratton, a surveyor, assisted in making the selection in 
 the timbered land ; a clear running brook went rippling and and gurgling through 
 in its winding pathway, where he saw something beside a " run," at whose bank 
 the cattle slake their thirst. This timbered farm was in keeping with his early 
 teaching, as being in every way more productive, therefore more desirable. The 
 beauty of the plain so attracted him that he thought to try 80 acres of the land on 
 Lodi plains. Heretm-ned to family and friends to prepare for Western life. The 
 next June this family of four left for their wild, romantic home, so much enjoyed 
 by them in active, honest toil ; work seemed play — when ague did not shake the 
 songs away. The wild game, the fish in our numerous lakes, the wild fruits 
 smd honey so abundant, were all appropriated with thankfulness, until the wheat- 
 field, orchard and waving corn stood where so short a time before were oaks, ash, 
 «lm, maple, beech, basswood, buttonwood, ironwood and some trees that yielded 
 fruit. In early spring time the sweet from maple-trees was so delicious as it 
 drippedfrom spile to wooden trough or bucket, or after the boiling process, when 
 the amber wax was spread on snow. 
 
 July 31, 1828, there came the second daughter, Elpha, who, when grown, mar- 
 ried T. S. Sanford, and now resides in Massachusetts. 
 
 Day by day appeared homes, barns and school-houses, because the brain and 
 muscle were on the ground that respected self-help and earnest purpose. One of 
 these was Mr. Dowry's second log house, on the plain, surrounded by gorgeous 
 ^Id-flowers of rarest hues, and every thing sowed or planted grew luxuriantly. 
 This was also the home of the aged parents who came to be cared for by their 
 faithful son. Capt. Dowry bought the farms of Major Meachum and his friend 
 Spoor, which joined the 80, making in all 700 acres, or thereabouts. He built the 
 first Irame barn of large dimensions in that locality, which is still standing and 
 in use. In the year 1839 the Captain was chosen to the Degislature at Detroit. 
 A large well-planned frame house was in process of erection, and the timber, lum- 
 ber and shingles were paid for with wild-cat money. This false system of banking 
 ■came to its death in 1839, but this last home built by him in Washtenaw county 
 went on to completion early in the year 1840 ; the floors were laid witli home-made 
 rag carpets, with well-chosen colors and stripes. All these years the working 
 ■clothes for winter and summer were mostly manufactured by the family and many 
 a genteel Sunday suit graced the old and young. After all was settled in this de- 
 lightful home, the second son, John, was born. He was married in 1864 to Helen 
 Church. They have one son, Durward C, born in December of the same year. 
 
 An old neighbor recently said that Mr. Dowry once had a large quantity 
 of wheat turned into flour, packed it in barrels and stored it away in his barn, to 
 sell to the many immigrants who were seeking homes with just about money enough 
 to pay for their land, with little or nothing left to pay for food. He proceeded to 
 say that his father, hearing of this supply for sale (flour was exceedingly scarce at 
 this time), made application for a certain amount, whereupon the Captain asked 
 him if he had the money to pay for it. With much assurance the answer came, 
 " I have ;" and with as much decision the reply came, " I have no flour to sell to 
 those that have money ; they can get it elsewhere. I have prepared this for those 
 who have no money to buy with, the price being the same as it could be bought 
 for cash." His prophetic view of events and times caused him to do many things 
 that were not understood by the inexperienced and selfish. Many families were 
 Itept from suffering by the forethought and hard work of this sturdy pioneer, his 
 faithful companion being his equal mentally and physically. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Hunt were near neighbors and in sympathy, causing a 
 friendship that made them co-laborers in every good work. Many diseases, even 
 the cholera, found its way to these new settlements; the year of locusts, pre- 
 ceding the Indian war; the many schemes that came before the people, politi- 
 
1288 HISTOET OF WABHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 cal or religious ; even the great anti-slavery struggle, never found him unable to 
 solve the problems, or move him from his high purpose in mental attainments. 
 Many were the evenings that he read aloud to his family.sifting consistencies from 
 inconsistenc es that come to us through the press, in books and papers,often say- 
 ing the time would soon come when we could speak to our neighbors across the 
 Atlantic as readily as to sister States, and thought would travel with the rapidity 
 of lightning by the will of God, for the good of the world. He often prophesied 
 the overthrow of slavery and its results (and he lived to see it), the exodus of the 
 colored race because of the spirit of oppression, believing that the sincere desire 
 of a true heart prevails with God, against all opposition or oppression. 
 
 In 1850, at the Michigan State Agricultural Society's second aimual meeting. 
 Captain J. Lowry was awarded an elegant silver medal for the best Merino 
 buck on exhibition ; this society was organized March 34, 1849, adopting for its 
 emblem a woman as the central figure ; at her right and under her hand Is the 
 light of day just appearing over a city, while at her left is seen the sheaf of 
 ripened grain, a plow and other agricultural implements. In this outspoken 
 thought woman is recognized as an important factor in the world's planning, 
 doing and overcoming. The oppressed bloodhound-hunted children of our com- 
 mon father often found rest and comfort in Capt. L.'s well-stored home, where 
 much money and clothing were given to supply the wants of the escaped 
 slaves, feeling it to be far better to please God than man. 
 
 Sylvia Wickham Lowry died Dec. 24, 18-59. None could say of a truth that 
 she had not been faithful to the trust committed to her. She had what she called 
 a vision two weeks before her death, while in usual health, after which she 
 announced that she had talked with Jesus and her eldest child, James, who died 
 instantly March 1, 1859, and they wanted her to come home in two weeks. She 
 went in just two weeks, suffering intensely to the last, but the spiritual triumphed 
 over the physical, giving her calmness and joy as she expressed her desire to be 
 released from the temporal to enter the eternal. 
 
 Capt. J. Lowry was married the second time, late in the autumn of 1860, to 
 Rhoda Comstock, of Marcellus, Onondaga Co., N. Y., who was a verj' estimable 
 widow, with 4 children. She is now known as Mrs. B. P. Sherman, of Bancroft, 
 Shiawassee Co., Mich. After the lapse of three or four years, they deemed it 
 best for the interests of these children to move to Shiawassee county, near Byron, 
 on a new farm, where they were successful ; and his earnestness and zeal gave 
 an impetus to those about him that did not cease when he was called to rest from 
 his labors. He was stricken with apoplexy a few days before his departure to the 
 Eternal city. 
 
 We give on page 455 of this volume a portrait of Capt. Lowry. 
 
 Michael Staebler, farmer, was born in Washtenaw county, Sept. 7, 1843, and is 
 the son of Frederick and Barbara Staebler, natives of Wurtemberg, Germany, 
 who emigrated to America in 1831, settling in this county the same year. The 
 subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and sent to the district school, the 
 best then afforded in this county. May 14, 1867, he married Catherine Paul, born 
 in this county April 7, 1847, and the daughter of Jacob and Dortha Paul. To 
 this union were born 6 children, 5 of whom are living — Jacob F., Robert B., 
 Edward E., Albert H. and Alice C. Mr. S. has held the office of Justice of the 
 Peace and Collector, for one term each, and at present is Supervisor from Lodi 
 tp. He owns a fine farm of 225 acres, which vocation he pursues in connection 
 with stock-raising. In harvest time he operates a threshing-machine. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Staebler are members of the Lutheran Church. Politically he is a Demo- 
 crat. 
 
 Olleton C. Sweetland is among the leading and enterprising men of Lodi tp. 
 He was born in St. Lawrence county, N. Y., Dec. 12, 1812, and is a son of Eleazer 
 and Deborah (Chamberlain) Sweetland, natives of Orange county, Vt., where the 
 former was born Sept. 22, 1786, and the latter, Jan. 39, 1783. In 1816 Mr. S. 
 removed with his parents to Livingston county, N. Y., where he was reared and 
 educated. Dec. 11, 1842, he married Sarah A. Wasson, born in Livingston county, 
 N. Y., March 6, 1816, and a daughter of Samuel Wasson. Three children were 
 the result of this marriage — Edgar, who was born Aug. 8, 1845, married Marilla 
 Newell ; Helen, born Jan. 22, 1864, wife of Isaac W. Allen ; and Miles, born Oct. 
 8, 1849, husband of Clara Smith. On Nov. 17, 1850, this union was severed by 
 the death of Mrs. Sweetland, and April 18, 1851, Mr. S. married Mrs. Delia M. 
 (Holden) Short, born Sept. 15, 1817. This union was blessed with 4 children — 
 
LODI TOWNSHIP. 1289 
 
 Frank H., bom Aug. 3, 1853, married Julia A. Geddes ; Louis and Lester (twins), 
 born Oct. 32, 1855 ; and Carrie, wlio was born July 34, 1861. Mrs. S. died March 
 30, 1873. Mr. S. is Justice of the Peace, an office which he has filled for over 25 
 years, and being so situated in the tp., that all the cases have been tried before 
 the other justices near him, so in all his official career, he never had a case tried 
 before him. He has officiated in different positions in the county for the last 40 
 years. He owns 340 acres of land, located on sees. 4, 5 and 9, and valued at |80 
 per acre. Mr. Sweetland is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Unita- 
 rian Church. Mr. S.'s ancestry were prominent men in their day, and pioneers 
 in almost every section of country in which they located. A portrait of Mr. 
 Sweetland appears in this worli, on page 1158. 
 
 Royal Tower is a pioneer of this county, settling here in 1833. He was born in 
 Addison county, Vt., March 18, 181 1, and was a son of Eliphalet and Hannah 
 Tower, natives of New Jersey. His father died in 1813, and at the age of 14 
 Loyal moved with his mother to New Yorli, settling near Fort Ticonderoga, and 
 in this section of country he was reared and educated. At the age of 31 he 
 came to Washtenaw county. In October, 1836, he married Debbie A., daughter 
 of Matthias and Sarah Valentine, the former settling in Pittsfleld tp., this county, 
 in 1838. This marriage was bountifully blessed with the birth of 14 children, 7 
 of whom, 3 sons and 4 daughters, are living — Henry, George, Frank, Julia, wife 
 of Edward Manna ; Sarah A., wife of Owen Stimpson ; Angeline and . 
 
 Abraham C. VoorMes, farmer, sec. 14, Lodi tp. ; P. O., Saline ; was born in "Wash- 
 tenaw county Jan, 39, 1888, and is a son of A. C. and Elizabeth Voorhies. He was 
 reared on a farm, and educated in the public schools of this county, Aug. 9, 1863, 
 he married Christiana Saley, born in this county Nov. 39, 1844, and daughter of 
 Christian and Christiana Saley. One child was sent to bless this union — Ada M., 
 born Sept. 8, 1875. On Aug. 8, 1863, Mr. Voorhies enlisted in Co. H, 30th Reg , 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., under Col. Williams and Gen. Burnside. He participated in the 
 battles of Knoxville, tlie Wilderness, Memphis, Chattanooga and Port Sanders. 
 He served till the last gun was tired, and saw the star-spangled banner of " Free- 
 dom and Liberty" triumphantly unfurled above the bloody battle-field of the "Sunny 
 South." He then returned home and resumed farming, and to-day owns 360 
 acres, valued at $80 per acre, and situated on sees. 14 and 19. 
 
 V. 0. Warner, farmer, sec. 35, Lodi tp.; P. O., Saline; was born in Ontario Co., 
 N. Y., Aug. 38, 1835. His parents, Oliver L. and Mary A. Warner, emigrated to 
 this county in 1837, where C. C. grew to mature years. He was married Dec. 39, 
 1859, to Armina Sheldon, born in Washtenaw county Aug. 15, 1838, and daughter 
 of Newton and Susanna Sheldon, natives of Cayuga Co., N. Y. On May 13, 1879, 
 Mr. W.'s barn was struck by lightning and the entire contents, consisting of 53 
 head of sheep, four head of cattle, with 100 bushels of wheat and 300 bushels of 
 corn, with the building, were burned to the ground. He recovered $1,600 insur- 
 ance money from the Washtenaw Mutual Insurance Co., which repaid him in a 
 great measure for the loss sustained. He now owns a valuable farm of 160 acres, 
 situated on sees. 36 and 37. 
 
 Henry B. Watson, M. D., Saline, was born in Licking Co., Ohio, Nov. 18, 1838, 
 and is a son of Daniel and Elizabeth Watson. Mr. Watson was reared on a farm, 
 but his father being a physician, he naturally took to that profession, and in 1848 
 began the study of medicine with his parent. The following year he assisted his 
 father, except one term spent at the Cincinnati Eclectic College. In 1850 he made 
 a trip through the Southern States and located at Vicksburg, Miss., where he prac- 
 ticed his profession for some 10 months, at the expiration of which time he re- 
 moved to Saline, Mich., and practiced with his father for four years. He then 
 opened an office for himself, and has secured a lucrative practice. In 1878 he mar- 
 ried Fidelia B. Lindsey. They have 1 child — Charles H. Mr. Watson owns 
 a, fine farm of 195 acres, located one mile north of Saline. Politically he adheres 
 to the principles of the Democratic party. 
 
 Arthur A. Wood, breeder and dealer in thoroughbred Merino sheep. Saline, Mich., 
 was born in Washtenaw county, July 18, 1850. His parents were Geo. S. and 
 Fidelia Wood, the former a native of Cincinnati, and the latter of New York nativ- 
 ity. Mr. W. was reared on a farm, and educated at Ann Arbor. January, 1870, he 
 was married to Clara J. Bogers, a native of this county, where she was born March 
 14, 1848, and the daughter of Joseph and Julia Rogers, both natives of the Empire 
 State. One child, Boscoe M., has been sent to bless this happy union. Mr. Wood 
 owns a fine farm of 120 acres, valued at $100 per acre, and is devoted to a great ex- 
 
1290 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 tent in breeding and raising of fine thoroughbred Merino sheep, of which he has a 
 fine flock, numbering over 200. Mr. and Mrs. W. are members of the First Presby- 
 terian Church of Saline, and politically he votes with the Republican party. 
 
 Ira Wood (deceased) was born in Danbury, Conn., Aug. 39, 1796. His parents 
 were Daniel and Wealthy (Monroe) "Wood, the latter being a second cousin of 
 James Monroe, President of the United States. On Nov. 28, 1816, Mr. Wood mar- 
 ried Maria Scott, and 5 children were born to them, 4 of whom are living — Lyman 
 S. (a sketch of whom appears below), Jessup and George (twins), and Aus- 
 tin. Jeremiah died, aged 37. Mr. Wood started with his family to Washtenaw 
 county in October, 1836, and after many serious hardships and privations, they ar- 
 rived at their destination. He purchased five 80-acre farms in Lodi tp., settled 
 down and began to clear them of timber. Mrs. Wood was born in Fairfield Co., 
 Conn., April 3, 1797, and was a daughter of Jerry and Amelia (Wakeman) Scott, 
 (both deceased) of Scotch ancestry. Her grandfather was an officer of no mean 
 ability in the eight-years' war fought by the 13 colonies to free themselves from the 
 yoke of England. Mr. Wood died March 37, 1856, after a life of usefulness and 
 benefit to the community wherein he resided. He was a member of the Congre- 
 gational Church of Lodi tp. till it disbanded, and was a prime mover in the organ- 
 ization of the society, and the building of the house of worship. When it was 
 disbanded he immediately connected himself with the Congregational Church of 
 Ann Arbor, being a member of that body at the time of his demise. "So sleep the 
 pioneers who sink to rest, with all their country's wishes blest." 
 
 Lyman 8. Wood was born in Danbury, Conn., April 9, 1819, and came with his 
 parents to this county in October, 1836. He was reared in this county, and edu- 
 cated at Penn Yan Academy, in Yates Co., N. Y. He taught school for a number 
 of years, but in 1878 retired from active life with a competency sufficient for a 
 good old age. Mr. W. is one of the original members of the Washtenaw County 
 Agricultural Society, and holds a life membership in that association. He was 
 President of the society in 1873-'4. In 1854 he assisted in the organization 
 of the Republican party, and is to-day one of its firm adherents. On Oct. 6, 1841, 
 he was married to Parmelia Ward, born Sept. 30, 1831, and daughter of Owen S. 
 and Harriet Ward. "To this union 5 children were born — Martha and Mary (twins), 
 the former the wife of L. J. Taylor, a soldier in the civil war ; Emily, Morris Q-. 
 and Ira E., husband of Ada Cobb, of Saline. Mr. Wood possesses 160 acres of good 
 farm land, on sec. 33, and valued at $80 per acre. 
 
FREEDOM TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The date of first settlement may be set down as June, 1831, when 
 James W. Hill located the northwest of southwest quarter of section 
 29, and later made a purchase in section 32, subsequently owned 
 by John M. Allen. In the fall of 1831 Hugh Campbell, Jason 
 Gillett, Kobert Myers, Matthew Myers and Jacob Haas arrived, 
 adding five families to the settlement. 
 
 In 1832Koswell Preston, Koswell Preston, jr., Levi Rogers, Ly- 
 man Williams, Eeuben Williams, Eben Boyden, Anthony Rouse, 
 Elisha Adams, M. Grawer, D. Haas, with perhaps two others, 
 made locations here. 
 
 In 1833 immigration peopled the district, leaving a very limited 
 number of acres to the new land prospectors. Among the immi- 
 grants of this year were: Levi Thomas, Obadiah Force, Cyrus Pier- 
 son, Daniel Kent, James W. Tyler, H. M. Grifiin, Wm. Douglas, 
 Archer Crane, Reuben Wellman, sr., Ed. Litchfield, Noah Smalley, 
 Henry Smalley, Jacob Preston, Henry Smith, John Schnee- 
 burger, James Fellows, Festus A. Fellows, Cornelius Polhemua, 
 David C, James G. and David Raymond, Sam. S. Peekins, John 
 Faulkner, William Ossius, Jacob Koch, John Haap, Henry and 
 George Lindensmith, Thomas Roth, William Preston, Alexander 
 Peekins, Geo. Hoenberger, Manasseh B. Wellman, Amos Koyken- 
 dall, Bernard Listz, Samuel Wood, John Dowd and Alex. Daniel- 
 son. 
 
 In 1834-'7 the tide of immigration flowed along the valley of 
 the Washtenong, until toward the close of the latter year every 
 acre of arable and waste land was claimed by a patentee. In the 
 case of Freedom it may be said that immediately succeeding the 
 date of its organization 2,000 acres of the wilderness was turned 
 into fertile fields; throughout its length and breadth the wood- 
 man's ax was heard, and a few more years of labor converted the 
 country into a smiling garden. 
 
 FIEST EVENTS. 
 
 Dr. Porter traversed the township early in 1831. James W- 
 Hill was the first settler in June, 1831. 
 
 The first school was established by Hill in his own house. He 
 ■was teacher of the first district school. 
 
 Miss Gillett was the first child born in the township. 
 
 The first marriage in the township was that of Miss Angelina 
 Rouse in 1833. The second that of Eldred Spencer and Miss 
 Emeline Adams, in December, 1834. A marriage license was 
 
 (1291) 
 
1292 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 granted to John Lewis and Sarah Ann Miller in 1832, but the 
 ceremony took place in an adjoining township. 
 
 Koswell Preston was appointed a Justice of the Peace March 7, 
 1834, by Gov. Porter. H. M. Griffin was the first Supervisor. 
 
 In 1833 the provisions of the settlement were exhausted, and a 
 report was current that not a few of the settlers were wholly with- 
 out food. 
 
 As late as 1834 the wolves destroyed 20 sheep belonging to 
 James Eaymond, in one night. This is only an instance of their 
 terrible ravenousness. 
 
 The first ball was given at the house of Litchfield, in 1833. 
 
 B. F. Burnett, a Methodist exhorter, presided over the first relig- 
 ious meeting ever held in the township, at the house of James 
 W. Wills. Arunah Bennett was the first ordained preacher who 
 held services in the township. The meeting was at E. Preston's 
 house in June, 1834. 
 
 James W. Hill built the first log house, raised the first barn, and 
 planted the first wheat field in 1831. Eichard Preston raised the 
 second barn, without the aid of whisky. 
 
 The first brick-kiln was constructed in 1833, by Douglas & Co., 
 on the Campbell farm. 
 
 In 1834 Mrs. Barbary Bailey, then an old lady of 84 summers, 
 arrived in the township after an uninterrupted journey from Benton, 
 Yates Co., N. Y. She died in 1845, aged 95 years. 
 
 Of the citizens of Freedom, James W. Hill, Levi Eogers and 
 Dr. Morgan were members of the State Legislature. Dr. Samuel 
 was elected County Treasurer; Judah B. McLane, Eegister of 
 Deeds, and Jacob Preston, Drain Commissioner. 
 
 Americans settled the township. To-day there is not one Amer- 
 ican family occupying a home there. It is a German community, 
 living under and enjoying the blessing of American laws. 
 
 The first death in the settlement was that of Jacob Haas, who 
 was killed October, 1831. Haas was a young man of 20 winters, 
 industrious, agreeable and the eldest son of one of the first settlers. 
 He, with his father, was engaged in cutting logs, when one of the 
 heavy oaks fell on the boy, crushing him to death. His end was 
 as sad as it was sudden. Eldred Spencer, a citizen of Scio, and the 
 nearest neighbor of the Haas family, was soon present on the 
 scene. He conveyed the dead body to Schelling's house in the 
 neighboring township, where it was prepared for bnrial. 
 
 A year after the death of Haas, two young men, named David 
 Cook and William Campbell, left their homes to assist at the 
 raising of Bingham's saw-mill in the town of Lima. Having fin- 
 ished their labors they started en route to Hugh Campbell's dwell- 
 ing in Freedom ; but owing to the want of a blazed trail and to a 
 bad pocket-compass, the unfortunate boys realized their worst fears 
 — they were lost. Tired out with fatigue, disheartened, cold and 
 hungry, Campbell sank down upon the virgin soil, while Cook 
 pushed onward, desperately, earnestly, to seek an outlet from that 
 
FREEDOM TOWNSHIP. 1293 
 
 interminable forest, and reach the home of man. He succeeded in 
 reaching home in an exhausted condition. A search was made for 
 .Campbell; but when found, his last breath was escaping. He lay 
 upon the brink of eternity. 
 
 ORGANIC . 
 
 The settlement of this portion of Washtenaw made such prog- 
 ress that within a few years after James W. Hill made his loca- 
 tion, a meeting to organize a municipal government was called. 
 In December, 1833, 22 voters assembled at the house of Henry M. 
 Griffin to consider the subject of organization. Alexander Peek- 
 ins proposed that the meeting petition the Territorial Council to 
 enact that a portion of the county known as township 3 south, 
 in range 4: east, be a township by the name of Freedom. This 
 proposition was seconded by Samuel Peekins, and carried. A peti- 
 tion was drawn up and presented to the council and an act in accord- 
 ance with the prayer of the petitioners was approved March 7, 1834. 
 This act provided, also, that an election of township officers should 
 be held April 7, at the dwelling-house of Henry M. Griffin. This 
 election was duly held, and resulted in the choice of H. M. Griffin 
 for Supervisor, with David C. Raymond as Town Clerk. 
 
 The supervisors of the township from H. M. Griffin's time to 
 the present, comprise: Reuben Williams, Stunburg, Wm. Ossius, 
 Elias Haire, Breining and John G. Feldkamp. Mr. Feldkamp has 
 served in the office for two terms, — one of seven years and one of 
 three years. 
 
 The" clerks since D. C. Raymond's 'time to the present comprise 
 Eliaa Haire, Wm. Buss, Philip Johns, Fred Yogle, Jacob Brein- 
 ing and Jacob Knapp. 
 
 Elias Haire, Wm. Ossius, Joe. Daviter Jacob Breining and 
 Aaron Feldkamp have served as Justices of the Peace. The pres- 
 ent officers are: J. G. Feldkamp, Supervisor; Jacob Knapp, Clerk; 
 Geo. Veigeding, Treasurer; Henry J. Daviter, Wm. Byerle, Jacob 
 Johns, Justices of the Peace; Godfrey Grau, Highway Commis- 
 sioner; John Butler, School Superintendent; and Wm. Kiebe, Mr. 
 Gran and Theodore Ulrich, Constables. 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Freedom was organized in 
 1842, with Rev. Mr. Schmid as pastor. The members comprised: 
 Jacob Raab, Geo. Schmirring, Ernst Haarer, Geo. Fuegel, 
 Gottlieb Scherds, Matt. Alber and Adam Spathelf. The pastors 
 succeeding Mr. Schmid were Revs. Wertbraht, Klerniges, Hildner, 
 G. J. Hildner, John Newman and Gottlieb Kunzler, the present 
 pastor. The present church was built in 1858. The number of 
 the congregation in 1881 is 106. There are two more Lutheran 
 
1294 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Churches in the township, of which Kevs. John Bauman and Mr. 
 Klingman are pastors. 
 
 The Methodist Episoopal Church is presided over by Eev. Ed^ 
 ward Weiss, as pastor. The congregation is large. 
 
 Catholic. — The first church of this denomination was erected 
 two miles north of the present church, in 1839. The missionary- 
 priests were Eevs. Kreutel and Bernick. The old members com- 
 prise John Emer, John Graif, T. Mosier, Adam Kress, Martin 
 Cash, Paul Fritz, Adam Reidle, J. Plum, Adam Kramer, Conrad 
 Sickinger, Frank Lerch, Sapphire Lerch, Philip Franc and Joseph 
 "Weis, with their families. 
 
 The present church was erected in 1858, at a cost of $3,000, 
 and dedicated to St. Francis de Borgia, by Bishop Lefevere the 
 same year. The mission has been attended by Revs. Van Gennip, 
 "Van Lawe, Olgeier, Lichtner, Bruck and J. Stauss, the present 
 pastor. The congregation at present numbers 200. The parochial 
 house, a neat brick structure, was built in 1873, at a cost of $2,000. 
 
 MisceUaneous.—R&Y. M. Sullivan, of the M. E. Church, organ- 
 ized a class in the township in May, 1835. Rev. Fred Smith, a 
 Wittenbergian, preached at the house of William Schultz in 1835. 
 The Lutheran Church was subsequently organized in 1843. The 
 Catholic congregation was organized about the same time.. The 
 Churches of the township at present comprise three Lutheran, one 
 Catholic, and one German M. E. Church. The church buildings 
 are among the finest in the county. 
 
 The Schools of the township are well ordered, and the morale of 
 the children good. It is said that both the young and old form a 
 hive of quiet industry wherein every competitor not of German 
 nativity or extraction must fail to exist. Industry is inculcated in 
 the schools and fostered in the home circle. 
 
 BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 William Beverle, Freedom tp., sec. 23, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, A. 
 D. 1839, where he was educated, and lived until 1854, when he came to America. 
 He remained in New York a short time and then came West by the way of 
 Buffalo and Canada. He went to Lansing, thence to Wisconsin, and later into the 
 Southwestern States. In 1861 he returned to the north and purchased land where 
 he now lives. He built a log house and opened a saloon, which he has carried on 
 to the present, at the same time doing much work as a carpenter. In 1865 he 
 built his present commodious quarters. In politics Mr. Beuerleis a Democrat. 
 He has held the office of Constable six years, and during that time was Deputy- 
 Sheriff; Tp. Treasurer, two terms ; Justice of the Peace over 10 years, and still 
 holding it. He is a member of the Arbeiter-verein of Manchester. In 1863 he 
 was married to Caroline Artz, of Lansing, a native of Wurtemberg. To them 
 have been born 6 sons and 2 daughters. 
 
 Rev. G. Xuenzler, Pastor of the Evangelic Lutheran Bethel Church of Freedom, 
 was born in Switzerland, Canton Thurgau, A. D. 1842. His parents were .lohn 
 and Anna Maria Bornlauser, his father being a farmer. There he was educated 
 and reared. He graduated in his native land, and after coming to this country In 
 1873, he graduated from Mission College, at Marthasville, Mo. The same year he 
 was ordamed at Washington, Mo. His tirst pastorate wasatElliston, Ohio, where 
 he remained until 1877. In that year he became pastor at Freedom. In 1874 he 
 
FREEDOM TOWNSHIP. 1295 
 
 was married to Miss Anna M. Deuber, a native of Switzerland. To them have 
 been born Gottlieb Ernest and Anna Maria. 
 
 F. Pfizenmaier, FveeAom tp., sec. 3, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, A. T>. 
 1819. His parents were Michael and Gottlieben (Kubler). There he was reared 
 and educated, and lived until 17 years old. In 1837 he came to America and 
 came to this State, county and town. For three years he worked by the month. In 
 1843 he bought 80 acres of land in the south part of Freedom, where he lived until 
 1850. He then purchased his present farm of 180 acres and there has since lived. 
 In politics he is a Republican and has held a number of town offices. In 1873 he 
 was appointed Postmaster of Fredonia postoffice, which office he now holds. Mr. 
 Pfizenmaier is a Lutheran in religion. In 1846 he was married to Regina Koch, 
 a native of Wurtemberg, who died in 1865, leaving 3 sons and 5 daughters. He 
 married for his second wife, in 1868, Mary Spitteler, a native of Switzerland. To 
 them have been born 2 sons and 4 daughters. 
 
 Bev. Joseph Staus, Priest of St. Francis (Roman Catholic) Church of Freedom, 
 and St. Mary's, of Manchester, was born in the city of Bensingen, Hohenzollern, 
 March 13, 1848, his father being a farmer in that country. At Sigmaringen he was 
 educated, studying at the Gymnasium of Hedingen nine years, and passing from it 
 by examination in 1872. During the next year he traveled and taught six months 
 in his native town, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of the regular teacher. 
 In 1873 he came to America, going at once to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he arrived 
 Nov. 33, 1873. Dec. 15, 1873, he entered the Theological Seminary of Mount 
 St. Mary's, at Cincinnati, and passed his examinations in 1875. March 12, 1876, 
 he was ordained priest at Monroe, Mich.", by Bishop Burgess. His first pastorate 
 was at Pontiac, where for six months he filled the place of a priest who had gone 
 to France. From there he went to the parishes of Wright, Ottawa Co., and Alpine, 
 Kent Co., serving these two four years. June 13, 1880, he assumed the pastorate 
 of St. Francis and St. Mary's parishes. In the first there are about 30 families, 
 and in the second about 45 families. Father Staus is a man of fine education and 
 talent. Broad-minded and intelligent, he is liberal and just to all. His kindness 
 of heart and truly Christian charity has won for him the love and respect of all 
 who come in contact with him, so that in both parishes not only the people of his 
 own flock, but many others as well, feel that in him they have a true friend. 
 
SHARON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Sharon is a country of agriculturists. For them it forms the 
 ideal of rustic beauty, even as it wins admiration from the passing 
 traveler. The surface is a succession of gentle undulations, with a 
 ridge running from northeast to southwest, known as the '' Short 
 Hills." Throughout the township, the fields and homes of a happy 
 people may be seen scattered with a beautiful negligence as to reg- 
 ularity of location. The forests were comparatively extensive, but 
 are now reduced, leaving only a few acres appertaining to each hold- 
 ing. The soil is of the most productive character, being a loam 
 soil with a gravelly subsoil, and the water courses, comprising the 
 Raisin river with a feeder of Mill creek, capable of supplying all 
 the motive power required for the successful running of mill- 
 machinery in the present or prospective time. There is no body 
 of water deserving the name of lake in this township; however, a 
 few ponds are found which form the receptacle for the waters of 
 entering rivulets. The valley of the north bend of the Raisin 
 and the high lands on each side, form a magnificent district ot 
 which any people may be proud. 
 
 THE AGEICtJLTUEAL EESOUECES. 
 
 Sharon township comprises an area of 23,040 acres, laid off' into 
 137 farms. The lands under cultivation in the district extend 
 over 17,500 acres; the unimproved lands include the remainder. 
 The area sown to wheat in 1880 was 4,267, being an increase of 267 
 acresover theyear 1879. In the latter year 4,000 acres produced 96,723 
 bushels of wheat, which shows an average of 24.18 per acre. The 
 corn crop aggregated 128,54.5 bushels, produced on 1,736 acres. 
 Five hundred and twenty-one acres in oats yielded 20,830 bushels; 
 812 acres of clover gave a return of 1,038 bushels ; 
 102 acres of barley produced 2,506 bushels; 86 acres of potatoes 
 yielded 7,747 bushels. The meadow lands, comprising 2,426 acres, 
 produced 3,366 tons of hay. 
 
 The township is peculiarly an agricultural one. The cultivators 
 of its rich soil leave nothing undone to excel in their vocation, and 
 thus a salutary system of agriculture gives promise of transmitting 
 to another generation a fertile and inexhaustible soil. 
 
 EAELY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The following sketch of the early settlement of Sharon, from the 
 pen of Ool. J. H. Fellows, one of the surviving pioneers, contains 
 
 (1396) 
 
SHAEON TOWNSHIP. 1297 
 
 many interesting facts, and will form a valuable addition to this 
 history. He states: 
 
 The first land bought from the Govornment was in the fall of 
 1830, by Lewis C. Kellam, and the second purchased by M. Luce, 
 of Livingston county, N". Y., on section 32, which was afterward 
 bought and improved by Araasa Gillette. The next was taken by 
 Moses Pool in the spring of 1831 for his adopted daughter, Han- 
 nah P. Tracy, subsequently Mrs. Perry. The next was taken by 
 David I. Sloat, on section 34, early in 1831. About that time 
 there was much excitement about the farm lands at the north bend 
 of the Raisin, and the woods were thronged with land-seekers. 
 People came from all quarters; they built fires and camped out 
 nights, and their beds were made of soft marsh hay cut with their 
 jack-knives. After their morning meal they sped on each day 
 with renewed strength and courage. Before that year passed the 
 most of the land was taken. David I. Sloat built the first house. 
 His three sons — John, Joshua R. and Cornelius, with J. H. Fel- 
 lows, assisted in erecting this pioneer dwelling. Elm bark was 
 used for roofing, also for the upper floor or chamber ; there was no 
 ground floor. The house was finished in a week, and the family 
 moved into their new home in May, 1831. 
 
 Joseph O. Gilbert was the first to plow the land, in Jiine, 1831, 
 on the farm where Daniel G. Rose now lives. Mr. Gilbert was the 
 first Postmaster and mail-carrier, bringing the mail in a shot-bag 
 from Lodi Plains to his house. In that year the following per- 
 sons together with those named above built shanties, and began a 
 pioneer life in Sharon: John Bessey, Henry Gilbert, Henry 
 Rowe, Joseph O. Gilbert, Amos BuUard, David Cook and Francis 
 A. Gillet. In the spring of 1832 there came several pioneer 
 families, comprising Ebenezer H. Conklin, '.Oliver Kellogg, Lewis 
 Allen, Nicholas Becker, Abijah Marvin, R. L. Fellows, Marvin 
 Burke, Ira Annabel, Wm. Campbell and Geo. C. Lathrop. J. H. 
 Fellows, Amasa Gillett, Wait Peck, Oliver and Hiram High 
 came in 1833, and Ashley Parks in 1834. 
 
 June 22, 1830, Lewis C. Kellam, of Pike county. Pa., located 
 the first lot of land in this township, being the north 84.24 acres 
 of the northeast quarter of section 1. Oct. 1, 1830, Daniel F. 
 Luce, a Governnent surveyor, located the second lot of land. It 
 was the northeast quarterof section 32, and afterward formed part 
 of the farm of Amasa Gillett. If those gentlemen did not get up 
 a corner on real estate in this town, they each got as close as they 
 could to the opposite corners diagonally — Kellam in the extreme 
 northeast, and Luce lacked one section of the extreme southwest. 
 Miss Hannah Tracy located the third. 
 
 In the spring of 1831 Ira Annabel, Amos Bullard, John Bessey, 
 M. Burk, David Cook, Edward Campbell, James Harlow Fellows, 
 R. L. Fellows, Joseph O. Gilbert, Francis A. Gillet, Henry Row, 
 Gilbert Row and J. R. Sloat made the first visit to this township, 
 and this their life-long home. 
 
1298 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The familiar names of Dr. Ebenezer H. Conklin, Conrad Eow 
 "Wait Peck, Nicholas Row, John Cobb, Sidney W. Dewey, Sabin 
 Johnson, Oliver Kellogg, and others, appear on the tract books as 
 having entered land in 1831, hut did not settle thereon until later. 
 
 THE OLD PEOPLE OF THE TOWNSHIP IN 1881 . 
 
 Among the old people of Sharon, who have attained the age of 70 
 years and upward, are the following: Samuel B. Raymond, 81 
 years; Mrs. Charlotte f Sweet) Raymond, 78; Wait Peck, 72; Col 
 James Harley Fellows, 72; Amos Bullard, 71; Charles Bachman 
 71; Mrs. Sarah Campbell, 71; Mrs. Abagail Conklin, 78; Mrs! 
 Maria Cook, 75; Matthew C. Dubois, 75; Mrs. Sarah Dubois, 73 
 Miss Louise Flatt, 71; John Faulkner, 72; Mrs. Augusta High, 72 
 John Hartbeck, 80; Mrs. Mary Kappier, 71; Mrs. Olive List, 78 
 Mrs. Sophia Fellows, 77; Henry Landwehr, 80; Adam Leh 
 mann, 78; Mrs. Rica Lehmann, 71; Joseph Mount, 73; Ashley 
 Parks, 79 ; Miss Nancy Rice, 75 (died Jan., 1881); James Raymond 
 76; Betsey Raymond, 79; Cyrus Raymond, 73; Mrs. Laura St. 
 John, 80; Carlos Spencer, 73; and Mrs. Hannah P. Perry, 70. 
 
 Mrs. H. Perry, Mrs. Conklin, Mrs. Sophia Fellows, Wait Peck 
 and James H. Fellows reside upon the lands which they or their 
 husbands purchased from the general Government. 
 
 OEGANIC. 
 
 By an act approved April 12, 1827, this then unorganized and 
 unnamed township was attached to and formed part of the township 
 of Dexter. The town then had no name and not much reputation, 
 except the lingering one that was given it and the whole territory 
 by a committee of the Congress of 1818, sent to the Territory of 
 Michigan to examine it for soldiers' bounty land. That committee 
 actually reported that the Territory of Michigan was worthless for 
 agricultural purposes. It must have got lost in the "Short Hills" over 
 there, or got stuck in Chandler's big marsh near Lansing; it is cer- 
 tain that when old Father Time stood feeling of his keen-edged 
 scythe on the morning ol' the first day of the year 1830, this town- 
 ship had no inhabitants save the wandering Indians who roamed its 
 forests in search of game, or fished along the shaded banks of the 
 Sho-wae-cae-mette, or River of the Grapes, now called the Raisin. 
 
 In 1832 and 1833 the township was rapidly settled, and a name 
 for this beautiful tract became of the first importance. Some dif- 
 ferences of opinion arose as to the proper one to select. It was 
 thought by the settlers who came from Amenia and Romulus, New 
 York, that the name of their old town would confer honor on this 
 new child of the forest; while pioneers hnew that " Sharon " was 
 the loveliest name among ten thousand, and that the name of their 
 home in Connecticut ought to be given to this, the new home of 
 their adoption. Petitions were forwarded to the Legislative Coun- 
 
SHARON TOWNSHIP. 1299 
 
 cil expressing those different views. It is related that Dr. Amariali 
 Conklin was mounted on a liorse by his father, old Dr. Conldin, 
 and sent out with a " Sharon " petition up into Berks and Annabil 
 settlement on his first electioneering tour. The doctor has had 
 great success since then as a physician, but he never did a better 
 day's ride in his life than when he killed those Amenia and Eomu- 
 lus petitions. 
 
 On the Yth day of March, 1834, the act of the Legislative Council 
 was approved by Gov. George B. Porter, enacting that " all that 
 part of the county of Washtenaw comprised in surveyed township 
 3 south, range 3 east, be a township by the name of Sharon." In 
 the words of an old and honored citizen, Andrew Robison, " We 
 are satisfied with a good name, and would not change it for any 
 other this side of Paradise." 
 
 The first town meeting held in the township of Sharon, appointed 
 at the house of Oliver Kellogg, April 7, 1834, met and adjourned 
 to the school-house. The following were the officers elected : Lewis 
 Allen, Supervisor; Benjamin F. Burnett, Town Clerk; Conrad 
 Powe, Daniel Porter, Francis A. Gillet, Commissioners of High- 
 ways; Allen De Lamater, Henry Eowe, Benjamin F. Burnett. 
 Commissioners of Common Schools; Conrad Eowe, Abijah Mar- 
 vin, Overseers of the Poor; Gilbert Rowe, Oliver Kellogg, Micah 
 Porter, Assessors; Luke Gilbert, Constable and Collector; Micah 
 Porter, Henry Rowe, Fence Viewer; John Sloat, Pound Master. 
 Signed by the Board of Directors of Election: Ebenezer H. Conklin, 
 Benjamin F. Burnett, Micah Porter. 
 
 BUPEEVISOES. 
 
 Oliver Kellogg 1835 Cyrus Eaymond 1861 
 
 Ebenezer H. Conklin 1836 Jay Everett 1863-64 
 
 Lazarus Hull 1887 Geo. Dorr 1865 
 
 Lewis Allen 1888 John W. Rice 1866 
 
 Micah Porter 1839-40 John J. Robinson 1867 
 
 Henry Rowe 1841 John J. Robinson 1868 
 
 Micah Porter 1843-43 Andrew Robinson, vice J. J. R . .1868 
 
 Lewis Allen 1844 Andrew Robinson 1869 
 
 James H. Fellows 1845 Emerson Annabil 1870 
 
 Amasa Gillet 1846-48 Wm. B. Osborn 1871 
 
 Lewis Allen 1849 Emerson Annabil 1873-74 
 
 Charles Kingsley 1850 John J. Robison 1875 
 
 Andrew Robison 1851-53 J.Everett 1876 
 
 Hull Goodyear 1853-54 G. Edwin States 1877 
 
 Cyrus Raymond 1855 J.J. Robison 1878 
 
 Harvey E. Osborn 1656 David G. Rose 1879 
 
 Andrew Robison 1857-60 
 
 CLEEKS. 
 
 Abram Selfe 1835 Harvey E. Osborne 1853-58 
 
 Lazarus Hull 1836 Hiram High 1854 
 
 Abram Selfe 1887 J. L. V. D. Crafts 1855-58 
 
 Francis A. Gillett 1888 Amariah Conklin 1859-67 
 
 J. D. Corey 1839-40 George R. Spaulding 1868-70 
 
 Frederick Poster 1841 E. Luther McGee 1871 
 
 Arnold S. Bell 1843-44 Ashley Parks 1873-74 
 
 JohnL Rowe 1845 E. Luther McGee 187.5-76 
 
 John Williams 1846-47 Albert H. Perry 1877-78 
 
 Daniel D. Gillet 1848-50 Samuel H. Smith 1879 
 
 John L. V. D Crafts 1851 
 
1300 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 TEEASUEEES. 
 
 Oliver Kellogg 1839 
 
 Burr Gould 1840 
 
 Lyman 0. Jenkins 1841 
 
 Ashley Parks 1842 
 
 Oliver Kellogg 1843 
 
 Jesse P. Gillet 1844-45 
 
 Dexter B. Dewey 1846 
 
 Jacob Berry 1847 
 
 Peter Cramer 1848 
 
 Dexter B. Dewey 1849 
 
 John W. Uowan 1850 
 
 Hiram High 1851 
 
 Hosea Eaton 1853 
 
 Hiram High 1853 
 
 S. B. Raymond 1854 
 
 C. Stevenson 1855 
 
 Milo Hunter 1856 
 
 S.B. Wolcott 1857 
 
 Joseph Meore 1858 
 
 Dexter B. Dewey 1859 
 
 David Rowe 1860 
 
 Wm. Sherwood 1861 
 
 Goodrich Conklin 1863 
 
 Chas. Kingsley, jr 1863 
 
 S. H. Smith 1864 
 
 Stephen PairchUd 1865-66 
 
 Benson E. Manchester 1867 
 
 Stephen Fairchild 1868-69 
 
 Lambert H. Hartbeck 1871 
 
 Geo. C. Raymond 1873 
 
 Matthew J. Flynn 1873 
 
 Samuel H. Smith 1874 
 
 John O. Selfe 1875 
 
 James H. Hood 1876 
 
 James L. Wade 1877-78 
 
 Ashley Parks 1879 S 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Micah Porter 1836 
 
 Lazarus Hull 1836 
 
 John Everett 1836 
 
 Lewis Allen 1836 
 
 Abram Selfe 1837 
 
 Micah Porter 1837 
 
 Amos Bullard 1837 
 
 Lyman G. Jenkins 1838 
 
 Abram Selfe 1839 
 
 Arnold S. Bell 1840 
 
 Bowen Hicks 1841 
 
 Micha Porter 1843 
 
 Hull Goodyear, vacancy 1843 
 
 Joel Chandler 1843 
 
 Amasa Gillet. 1844 
 
 Lewis Allen 1845 
 
 Julius Hulbert 1846 
 
 Charles Kingsley 1847 
 
 Amasa Gillet 1848 
 
 Cyrus Raymond, vacancy 1848 
 
 John Williams 1849 
 
 William P. Crafts, vacancy 1849 
 
 Lewis Powell 1850 
 
 Lewis Allen, vacancy 1850 
 
 Charles Kingsley 1851 
 
 Lewis Allen, vacancy 1851 
 
 George Dorr 1852 
 
 Andrew Robison 1853 
 
 Lewis Powell 1854 
 
 Charles Kingsley 1855 
 
 Hiram High 1856 
 
 John W. Rice 1857 
 
 George Dorr 1858 
 
 Franklin Everett 1859 
 
 Wm. S. Crafts 1860 
 
 James C. McGee 1861 
 
 Geo. Dorr 1863 
 
 Wm.B. Osborn 1863 
 
 Andrew Robison 1863 
 
 Charles Kingsley 1863 
 
 Franklin Everett 1864 
 
 John W. Rice 1864 
 
 Brainard Kingsley 1865 
 
 Charles M. Fellows 1865 
 
 Jay Everett 1866 
 
 JohnE. Erwin 1866 
 
 W. B. Deane 1867 
 
 C. M. Fellows 1868 
 
 Anson K.Gage 1869 
 
 G. Edwin States. 1870 
 
 I Elisha Frier 1870 
 
 ' John Falconer 1871 
 
 I John W. Cowan 1873 
 
 G. Edwin States 1873 
 
 Michael Kappler 1873 
 
 : L. Nathan C. Fish 1874 
 
 I Henry Housmann 1875 
 
 I Michael Kappler ' 1875 
 
 ' C. M. Fellows 1876 
 
 Wm. B. Osborne 1876 
 
 i G. Edwin States 1877 
 
 ; John H. Schlicht 1877 
 
 ! David G. Rose 1878 
 
 ( Jeff. R. Lamm 1878 
 
 i George Cook 1879 
 
 : Wm. F.Hall 187» 
 
-^: 
 
 M 
 
 (ru:>c*^ — -,^ 
 
SHARON TOWNSHIP. 1303 
 
 The public men of the township since its organization who 
 have served in the Legislative Chambers and Constitutional Con- 
 vention comprise Dr. A.. H. Conklin, Mieah Porter, Lewis Allen, 
 Oliver Kellogg, Amasa Grillet, Andrew Robison, Oliver High, J 
 J. Robison and David G. Rose. 
 
 LIST OF PRESENT OFFICERS. 
 
 David Gr. Rose, Supervisor; Albert H. Perrj', Clerk; Geo. L. 
 I^uhljTreasurer; Stephen M. Merithew and Matthew I. Flynn, Jus- 
 tices of the Peace; Will B. Osborn, School Superintendent; Au- 
 gustus High, School Inspector; James H. Hood, Commissioner of 
 Highways; Elnathan C. Fish, Drain Commissioner; Geo. L. Kuhl, 
 J. Tabor Peldkant, Charles "W. Raymond and Joseph K. Perry, 
 Constables. 
 
 THE FIRST ON THE GROUND. 
 
 In June, 1832, the first religious society was organized within the 
 dwelling of Gilbert Row. Rev. E. H. Pilcher was the chief organ- 
 izer. The first society comprised Henry Row, Conrad Row, Har- 
 riet Row, Geo. C. Lathrop, Mrs. Lathrop, Mrs. Conrad Row, Mrs. 
 Gilbert Row, Anthony Yerkes and J. O. Gilbert. A church was 
 subsequently built at Row's Corners, which was afterward moved 
 to Manchester. 
 
 The saw-mill was always one of the first industrial establishments 
 to connect itself with settlements on timber lands. S. H. Row, in 
 his reference to the first sa\v-mill erected in the township, states 
 that "the first saw-mill in Sharon was built on sec. 29, by Amasa 
 Gillett and B. F. Burnett, on the extreme northerly bend of the 
 River Raisin. The running gear was placed above the saw, and made 
 a terrible noise. This mill was the beginning of ' Sharon Hollow.' 
 It never justified the expectations of its younger days, but it was a 
 rare treat for some of us to go there. Goldsmith was born in 1728, 
 so he did not take Sharon Hollow as a text for his " Deserted Vil- 
 lage;" but when I first saw it some portions of his poem would 
 have been appropriate." 
 
 " How oftea have I paused on everj charm, 
 The sheltered cot, the cultivated farm, 
 The never-failing brook, the busy mill." 
 
 Ashley Parks, the first village blacksmith, arrived in 1834. 
 The first dwelling-house was built by David J. Sloat, on section 
 34. In its construction he was assisted by his three sons and Col. J. 
 
 H. Fellows. 
 
 Richardson and Temple opened the first store in the township. 
 It subsequently passed into the hands of Nathaniel Ambrose, who 
 made additions to the building. The latter kept a grocery and tav- 
 
 75 
 
1304 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 ern, and is said to have done a large and profitable business. The 
 building ultimately was purchased by Michael Kappler. 
 
 The first child born in the township was Minerva Bullard, born 
 Sept. 3, 1833. The first male child born was Yirgil Peck, in 1834. 
 The first marriage in the township is said to be that of Loran Keefe 
 with Miss Palmer, a lady who came over the lake with the Fitzger- 
 ald family. Keefe is now living at Teconsha, Calhoun Co., and fails 
 not to remember his search for a license, and then for Justice Smith 
 Lapham, of Lodi. 
 
 The first death occurred in 1833. During that year David J. 
 Sloat, the builder of the first house ever erected in the township by 
 an American, was laid in a grave made on the land which he pur- 
 chased a short time previously. 
 
 The first supervisor was Lewis Allen, and the first town clerk 
 B. F. Burnett. The first justices were Micah Porter and Lazarus 
 Hull. 
 
 The first attempt to levy an execution resulted in the stampede 
 of the law ofiicers, one escaping with a simple warning, and the 
 other with a quart of boiling starch covering his hat and coat. 
 
 The first frame house was built by Luke Gilbert in 1833. It was 
 located on the spot where J. J. Eobison's residence now stands. 
 
 The first frame barn was erected by Amasa Gillet, on section 32. 
 In 1836 the barn-building era commenced. 
 
 The first case of drowning in the township was that of a son of 
 Joseph Gillet. He was a boy of six summers and drowned in the 
 mill-race. The second occurred in 1878, when a child of James 
 Corwin was drowned. 
 
 The first homicide committed in the township was that of Geo. 
 Coleman, killed at the hands of Mr. "Wood, who was arraigned on a 
 charge of murder; but the jury concluded that he was not guilty of 
 murder, believing it to be a case of justifiable homicide. 
 
 The suicide of a settler named Tague, in 1835, was one of the first 
 tragedies in the settlement. The second was that of an unknown 
 German, who hanged himself in I*Tovember, 1867. 
 
 THE FIEST SCHOOL 
 
 taught in the township was that in the Eow school-house, by Miss 
 Myra "Winchester. The curriculum was of the most primitive 
 character; so was the building, yet the young school- mistress is said 
 to have taken a special pride in the old house, and to be much 
 interested iu her young pupils. The school-house was a frame 
 building, but neither lathed nor plastered. 
 
 MISCELLANIES. 
 
 However strange it may appear, the early settlers of Sharon were 
 not exposed to the numerous and serious difficulties which surrounded 
 those of the neighboring townships. While over 50 per cent, of 
 
SHARON TOWNSHIP. 1305 
 
 the settlers of Manchester and Bridgewater were suffering from 
 fever and ague, not more than 10 per cent, of the people of Sharon 
 were ill. 
 
 All that remains of the wildcat bank of Sharon is the bank 
 building, and the recollection of all the evils fostered within it. 
 Under the free banking law a company was organized, a branch of 
 which was located here, with Keuel Ambrose as President, and 
 S. Baldwin, Cashier. The business of this concern was actually 
 extensive, until justice swept it out of existence. 
 
 In 1832 the threats of the Black Hawk warriors and the fears of 
 the pioneers of Chicago caused a thrill of fear to pervade the set- 
 tlements from Chicago to Detroit. When the news reached Sharon 
 many of the settlers wei-e away; but the terrible reports which 
 reached them on their travels urged their quick return to their 
 new homes. Many assembled at the shanty of Porter C. Lathrop, 
 and resolved to defend the settlement; but the Sacs never came 
 sufficiently near to permit the sons of Sharon to expend their valor. 
 
 The Toledo War seemed to offer opportunity to the settlers to 
 indulge their penchant for a military career. The action of Gov. 
 Lucas, of Ohio, was stigmatized. Various epithets of an unusually 
 uncomplimentary character were hurled at the new claimant for 
 the " six-mile strip,"' and a hundred resolutions made to give battle 
 to the Buck-Eye invaders. The soldiers of Ohio calmed down be- 
 fore theWolverines; the United States' troops presented themselves 
 also, and all the terrors of a " Peninsular war " fled before the as- 
 surances of a peace doubly preserved. Col. James Harley Fellows, 
 of Sharon, was one of the leading spirits in this " war," and for a 
 short period commanded the defenders of Southern Michigan. 
 
 The story of the death of William Campbell, given in the sketch 
 of Freedom township, is referred to by the early settlers of Sharon. 
 It occurred in 1832, and was perhaps the second death recorded in 
 the history of the district now forming the southwestern townships 
 of Washtenaw. 
 
 During the earlier years of the settlement, two immigrants from 
 ITew York State made their homes in Sharon. One arrived a year 
 after the other. The new-comer was accosted by Oliver High, 
 who, on learning the native place of the party addressed, said: 
 ^'Why, there is a neighbor of yours located a little ways off." 
 After hearing his name, the new settler said: " Oh! yes, I knew 
 
 him very well down in . He had to run away" with an 
 
 officer at his heels." Mr. High then waited upon the older settler 
 and said: "Why, I met an old neighbor of yours down here, 
 
 named ." "Why, yes, of course; that fellow had to 
 
 leave between two days, and also left a hundred neighbors 
 
 searching for him." 
 
 One of the old ladies of Sharon, whose son was employed by J. 
 C. McGee, waited upon the employer with the object of demand- 
 in » pay for the boy's services. Mr. McGee told her that he had 
 patd the boy. This incensed the old lady to such a degree that 
 
1306 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 when she reached the door, she addressed him, sajlng, " I'll call 
 
 yoii the worst name possible: You're a black Republican." 
 
 In the days of the Toledo war, the wives and children of the settlers 
 looked forward to the moment of parting,with a singular sorrow. The 
 time at length arrived when the volunteers mustered into service. 
 They bade adieu to their friends as soldiers generally do; but in 
 the cases ot several men of Sharon, their wives would not permit 
 them to go. However, they should go, and in one instance the 
 wife cried out, " I'll never see you any more," then fainted, and 
 before the lady recovered, this faithful soldier was off to the war. 
 This lady now dwells in Sharon. 
 
 THE WOLVES. 
 
 Very soon after Col. Fellows' arrival in Sharon, himself, Amasa. 
 Gillett and others purchased a few sheep. Within a year the 
 wolves grew so bold that they visited the sheepfold, scared the 
 wooly creatures, which fled through the fields pursued by the 
 wolves. During that chase the destroyers robbed the settlement of 
 three sheep. Col. Fellows went forth to prevent a greater destruc- 
 tion, and met sheep and wolves face to face, too late, however, to 
 save the three animals already killed. Next day traps were set, 
 which resulted in the capture of an old wolf; the day succeeding, a 
 young wolf was trapped. The latter was killed by the Colonel. 
 
 The discovery of afire in the saw-mill of " Sharon Hollow " by the 
 son of the owner, saved the township from being charged with in- 
 cendiarism. The running gear, which was placed over the saw-gate, 
 set fire to the wood, which smoldered from shutting hour on Satur- 
 day night until Monday morning, when at the moment of discovery 
 the blaze broke out. 
 
 A monument to the 24 soldiers of Sharon who died in the war 
 for the Union, has been erected. The designer and builder was 
 Eisele, of Ann Arbor, who received $1,500 for his labors. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. 
 
 There are nine school-houses in the township (including one 
 now being built). Seven of these are of wood-frames, one of stone 
 and one of brick. 
 
 Of church edifices there are three, two owned by the M. E. 
 Church, and one by the Evangelical or German Methodist. The 
 first one built was on sec. 32, and beautifully situated in the 
 burr- oak grove left by its donor for the purpose, the late Amasa 
 Gillett. lience its name, " Gillett church." The building 
 known as " Sharon Center church" was built by the Congrega- 
 tionalists in 1848. The society was organized Jan. 24 of that 
 year, Andrew Robison, Chairman, and H. E. Osborne, Secretary. 
 The first trustees were: Oliver Kellogg, Micah Porter and Harvey 
 Annabil. The first pastor given to the M. E. society was Rav. 
 
SHARON TOWNSHIP. 1307 
 
 McGee Bardwell. The lirst pastor under the new order was Kev. 
 Mr. Sutton. Rev. Duke Whitting is the present pastor. 
 
 The German Methodist church is of brick, and situated on 
 Eowe's Corners. 
 
 BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 We continue the history of Sharon township by publishing the 
 following personal sketches: 
 
 Amos Bullard, a prominent farmer of Sharon tp . , was born in Worcester county 
 Mass., July, 1809. His parents, Amos and Mary Bullard, died when he was 
 quite young, and in ISSI he came to this county, locating on the farm he now 
 occupies. He was married to Cornelia Barker, who was born in Livingston 
 county, N. T., May 31, 1812. Of their 4 children 1 is living — Minerva. Mrs. 
 Bullard died Nov. 4, 1861, and Mr. B. married Harriet L. Graham, who was born 
 in Onondaga county, N. Y,, Dec. 11, 1832. One child has been born to this union 
 — Charles H. Mr. Bullard put out the first orchard in this tp., and his daughter 
 was the tirst child born in Sharon tp. He owns 260 acres of land on sec. 31. 
 
 W. S. Cafts was born at Middlebury, Conn., Nov. 27, 1818; parents were 
 William F. and Lucinda (Sperry) Cafts, natives of Connecticut and Vermont. 
 They settled in this tp. in 1837,where the former died Sept. 26, 1850, and the latter 
 Oct. 18, 1861. W. S. was reared on a farm, and April 24, 1844, married Marietta 
 Spaulding, who was born in Addison county, Vt., in 1823; 2 children born to this 
 union, 1 living — Geraldine, wife of Morton Raymond ; wife died .June 5, 1848, and 
 subject was again married Oct. 14, 1849, to Mrs. Esther H. (Hatch) Andrews, 
 daughter of Gerald E. and Ruth Hatch, who settled in this tp., where the former 
 died in 1869, and the latter in October, 1854; 1 child born to this union— E. W. 
 He has been Tp. Clerk, Justice of the Peace and Commissioner; first introduced 
 blooded sheep into this part of the county ; owns 280 acres of land on sec. 18 ; 
 himself and wife are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 George Cook was born in Hampshire county, Mass., Sept. 3, 1828 ; his parents 
 were Justin and Amelia Cook ; subject was married Oct. 8, 1852, to Jane D. Town- 
 send, who was born in Yates Co., N. Y., Oct. 16, 1852, daughter of John F. and 
 Celestia (Ferris) Townsend ; have 7 children — Mattie, Carmi M., Ella, George, 
 Charles, Myrtle and Bertie. Jlr. Cook enlisted in Co. F, 20th Regt. Mich. Vol. 
 Inf., where he served one and a half years ; was then transferred to 2d Regt. 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., and was wounded at siege of Petersburg, in 1864; received. Cap- 
 tain's discharge ; now hold^ office of Justice of the Peace ; is member of I. O. O. 
 F., and Masonic orders ; owns 125 acres of land on sec. 9. 
 
 Justin Cook was born in Hampshire Co., Mass., March 4, 1802 ; parents were 
 David and Salome (Cady) Cook, natives of Massachusetts, and both are deceased ; 
 subject learned the broom-making trade when young, and subsequently went to 
 Springfield, N. J. ; came to this county in 1845, and bought land in this tp.; was 
 forced to work by the month for some time to get money with which to live ; now 
 owns 820 acres ol land on sec. 16 ; was married December, 1825, to Amelia Cook, 
 a native of Massachusetts ; 9 children born to this union, 3 of whom are living — 
 George, Randolph and Justin ; wife died and Mr. Cook again married, in 1868 to 
 Catherine Sanford ; have 1 child — Herman ; 3 sons were in 20th Regt. Mich. 
 Vol. Inf. during the late war. 
 
 Randolph Cook was born in Massachusetts, March 9, 1831 ; parents were Justin 
 and Amelia Cook ; was married Oct, 8, 1856, to Ann Phelps , who was born near 
 Niagara Falls, N. Y., May 6, 1886 ; parents were George and Jane (Swezey) 
 Phelps; 3 children born to this union, 2 living — Albert and Mabel; owns 110 
 acres of good land on sec. 16. 
 
 Samuel Cushman, a pioneer of Sharon tp., was born in Yates county, N. Y., 
 Sept. 23, 1832; parents were Ira and Anna Cushman, natives of New York, who 
 settled in Lima tp. in 1835, vihen both died, the former July 18, 1874, and the 
 latter in 1862; was reared on farm and received a good education; married Sept. 
 28, 1846, to Lydia Rowe. born in this tp. Nov. 16, 1824 ; have 3 children — Clai-a, 
 Rebecca and Elmer S. Mrs. Cushman died in 1860, and Feb. 14, 1867, he married 
 
1308 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 Mary J. Barnes, who was born at Hadley, Lapeer Co., Mich., Sept. 3, 1843. Both 
 are members of the M. E. Church, and reside on sec. 22. 
 
 Franklin Everett was born in Oakland county, Mich., May 30, 1825 ; parents 
 were John and Paulina Everett, who located in this county in 1833, where both 
 died; subject of sketch was reared on a farm; was married Oct. 23, 1854, to Mary 
 A. "Warren, a native of Madison county, N. Y. ; 1 child was born to this union, 
 now deceased ; wife died July 5, 1873. Mr. E. afterward married Mary E. Pair- 
 childs, who was born in Niagara county, N. Y., Feb. 27, 1838; 3 children born to 
 them — John, Henry aud Clara. Himself and wife are members of the M. E. 
 Church ; he has been Justice of the Peace, and owns 250 acres of land oh sec. 2. 
 P. O., Chelsea. 
 
 Byron V. Fellows is a life resident of this county ; was born Jan. 19, 1841 ; is a son 
 of James H. and Josephine (Knight) Fellows, natives of New York and Vermont. 
 Byron enlisted in Co. E., 17th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf, serving three years; returned 
 home and was married Dec. 27, 1865, to Rozetta Hudson, who was born in this 
 county July 23, 1841, and daughter of James and Clarissa Hudson; parents came 
 to this county in 1833; 1 child born to this union — Mabel. Mr. Fellows owns 
 240 acres of land on sec. 33, which was located by his father in 1831. 
 
 Royce L. Fellows (deceased) was born Jan. 5, 1797 ; married at Farmington, 
 Monroe county, N. Y., to Sophia Perrin, who was born March 5, 1804; 2 of 4 
 children are living — Emeline M., wife of O. Wait, of Manchester, and CharleS 
 M., who resides on the old homestead ; subject of this sketch came to this county 
 in 1832, locating in this tp., where he died, Feb. 27, 1859 ; widow still resides 
 on the old homestead with her son Charles, who was bom Jan. 24, 1835 ; was edu- 
 cated in Albion, Kalamazoo and Ypsilanti schools ; was married' Sept. 30, 1863, 
 to Melissa E. Parsons, who was born at Saline, Mich., June 30, 1843, and daughter 
 of Chester and Deborah Parsons, who came to Saline tp. in 1826 ; 4 children 
 were born to this union — Minnie S., Hattie E., Edith M. and Annie M. Mr. Fel- 
 lows owns 320 acres of land, on which is a flock of 300 sheep, and one ram valued 
 at $1,000. 
 
 E. G. Fish was born at Aurelius, Cayuga county, N. Y., March 17, 1816 ; par- 
 ents were David and Susan (Drinkwater) Fish, who located in Grass Lake tp., 
 Jackson county, Mich., in 1834, where they resided until death ; subject came to 
 this county in 1850, bought 40 acres of land, now owns 280 acres; was married 
 Oct., 19, 1838, to Nancy Rogers, who was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., Oct. 19, 
 1815, and daughter of Jesse and Catherine Rogers, who located in Jackson county 
 at an early day ; 3 cliildren were born to them — Susan, Aba J. and Charles ; the lat- 
 ter was born in Jackson county, Mich., Jan. 6, 1843 ; married July 4, 1868, to 
 Elizabeth Dales, who was born in England, May, 1843, and daughter of Thomas 
 and Elizabeth Dales ; was prospecting for gold in Idaho and Montana for some 
 years ; was with Gen. Crook in the Black Hills ; owns 360 merino sheep ; himself 
 and family are members of the M. E. Church. P. O., Sharon Center. 
 
 Elislia /?Veer (deceased) was born in Ontario county, N. Y., April 10, 1827; 
 his parents, Jonas and Sarah Freer, came to this county in 1837; the subject of 
 this sketch was married in New York, Oct. 10, 1850, to Amanda Lefurge, who 
 was born in Ontario county, Nov. 27, 1828 ; her parents were James and Mary 
 Lefurge ; subject located on present farm in 1868 ; was Clerk, Justice of the Peace 
 and Treasurer of tp. ; died July 14, 1879 ; left wife and 4 children— James A., 
 Jonas M., Rodney A. and Mary M ; wife owns farm of 200 acres on sec. 17, oper- 
 ated by son Rodney. 
 
 Arivisa Gillet was born in Litchfield, Conn., June 23, 1779 ; moved to Ontario 
 county, N. Y., when he was 12 years of age ; married July 7, 1805, to Esther 
 Dunn ; came to Michigan and located his land in 1831. In 1838 came with wife 
 and 6 children— Francis A., Jesse P., John K.. Daniel D., Sarah and Altha E.,— to 
 what is now called Sharon. He was foremost in every public enterprise, a hater of 
 shams of any kind; his word was never questioned. Prom early manho(id a prom 
 inent member of the M. E. Church ; very prominent in the temperance cause, 
 and as an anti-slavery man. His house was known as a station on the " Under- 
 ground railway." fie held many positions of honor and trust, such as member 
 of the Legislature, Supervisor, Justice of the Peace, etc. Two of his sons became 
 members of the M. E. Conference. Rev. John K. died at Grand Rapids, Mich., 
 Presiding Elder of that district, and Rev. D. D. is now stationed at Reading, Mich, 
 Jesse P., is living with his son in Grand Rapids, Mich. Sarah is the wife ofWm, 
 Bowers, and they live on part of the old Gillet homestead, and Altha E., the young- 
 est is the wife of J. J. Robison. Mr. Gillet died in Sharon, Dec. 7, 1854. 
 
SHAEOK TOWNSHIP. 1309 
 
 William, F. Hall was born April 19, 1828 ; parents were Philo B. and Ann M. 
 Hall ; in 1837, located in Jackson Co., Mich., where the former died Feb. 13, 1876, 
 and the latter March 31, 1880. "William was reared on a farm, and received lim- 
 ited education; was married Nov. 1, 1848, to Martha B. Rose, who was born in 
 this tp . July 26, 1887 ; have 1 child living— Frank H, ; himself and wife are mem- 
 bers of the M. E. Church. 
 
 Philo Hitchcock was horn Oct. 1, 1799, at Amenia, Dutchess county, N. Y., 
 where he was reared and educated; in 1833 he emigrated West, coming by lake to 
 Cleveland, Perrysville, ilonroe, and by the River Raisin, and settling on sec. 8, 
 this tp. He then went to Ohio and purchased a team and other necessities, and in 
 1834 broke the first five acres of his land ; the orchard now occupies a portion of 
 that five acres. He built a house the same year, and in December married Myra 
 Winchester, who the previous summer taught the first school in Bharou, which is 
 now known as district No. 1. In the following year he harvested the first crop of 
 wheat, which was threshed on a board floor and hauled to Detroit with an ox 
 team, trips of this kind requiring four or five days; price of wheat then, 50c . Mr. 
 Hitchcock died in October, 1873, and Mrs. Hitchcock in February preceding, 
 leaving 1 son and 2 daughters, the former, Mr. A. Hitchcock, still occupying the 
 homestead. Mr. Philo Hitchcock was a Whig until 1854; after that a Republican. 
 
 M. E. Keeler -was horn in Fa,ir&e\d county, Conn., Dec. 3, 1886; parents, Jesse 
 and Mary (Raymond) Keeler, died in Connecticut. M. E. was reared to manhood, 
 and came to this tp. in 1863, locating on present farm ; was married Sept. 5, 1861, 
 to Annie E. Osborn, who was born in Connecticut, Dec. 4, 18i0 ; have 6 children — 
 Raymond O., Emma W., Fred. L., Mary D., Willie W. and Ajnnie E; owns 430 
 acres of good land on sec. 17, and is one of the most respected citizens of this 
 township and county. 
 
 A. T. Kirkwood was born in Ontario county, N. Y., March 33, 1827 ; parents 
 were Robert and Elizabeth Kirkwood, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania. In 
 1841 the former came to Michigan ; he died at Hillsdale in 1860. A. T. was mar- 
 ried Feb. 22, 1856, to Pauline Mosher, who was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., 
 April 6, 1840 ; have 1 child, George ; subject of sketch was farmer until 1857 ; owned 
 mill since then; ground 17,550 bushels of grain in 1880 ; he resides on sec. 29. 
 
 Jefferson S. Lemm was born in Steuben county, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1821; parents, 
 Rouse and Maria (Cutler) Lemm, natives of New York, where the latter died ; for- 
 mer came to Sharon tp. in 1838, locating on sec. 7, where he died June 1, 1866. 
 Jefferson R. was reared on the farm, and received a common-school education ; was 
 married Jan. 16, 1862, to Eliza J. Falkner, who was born in Canada East, May 25, 
 1838; parents, John and Elizabeth (Mitchell) Falkner; in 1855 came to this tp., 
 where they now reside ; 9 children have been born to this union — Bertha J., Maria 
 E., Fanny L., AltaD., Albert N., John J., George A., Mabel A. and Robert W. ; , 
 owns 364 acres of land on sec. 7. 
 
 Stephen M. J!f«;'j7Ae«; was born in Bradford Co., Penn., Nov. 11, 1824; parents 
 were Stephen and Margaret Merithew, natives of Rhode Island and Pennsylvania, 
 who came to this county in 1836, locating in Freedom tp. ; former died October, 
 1854; latter at Manchester, June, 1878. In early life Mr. M. was a blacksmith; 
 went to California in 1852, where he worked at mining and blacksmithing for 
 eight years; returned home; was man-ied Nov. 23, 1858, to Emma Demuth, who 
 was born in Nortliampton Co., Pa., May 20, 1829 ; have 2 children — Frank and 
 Clara; wife is member of Episcopal Church ; owns 240 acres of land on sec. 34. 
 
 Wm. B. Osborn was born in Fairfield Co., Conn., June 17, 1880, son of William 
 and Annie Osborn, natives ot Connecticut ; the former died iu bis native State in 
 1846 ; the latter lives at >Ianchester, Mich. W. B. came to this tp. in 1854 ; was 
 married Nov. 19, 1854, to Jane Cole, born in Connecticut, Aug. 18, 1832, daughter 
 of Sherman and Susan Cole; 7 children were bom to this union, 6 are li%'ing — 
 W. B., Albert S., George C, Anna, Samuel and Hattie M. jNIrs. Osborn was mem- 
 ber of M.E. Church, and died in 1880. Mr. Osborn came here a poor man, and 
 now owns a good farm on sec. 27. 
 
 Ashley Parks, farmer and blacksmith, on sec. 21 ; P. O., Manchester ; was born 
 in Berkshire Co., Mass., Jan. 26, 1802, son of Asa and Priscilla (Bartlett) Parks. 
 In 1807 his parents removed to Manlius, Onondaga Co., N. Y., where they both 
 died. There Mr. Parks was reared, educated, and learned the trade of black- 
 smith. In that county he followed his trade until 1835, when he came to Michi- 
 gan, and located where he now resides. He at once opened a blacksmith shop, 
 
1310 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COONTY. 
 
 the first in tliis tp., and is the oldest shop in any location in the county. His 
 trade and farming he has followed to the present time. 'He was married July 
 26, 1835, to Melissa Castle, a native of Massachusetts. To" them were born 3 chil- 
 dren, of whom 1 daughter, now Mrs. Frederick '.Prentice,*of Toledo, Ohio, is 
 living. Mrs. Parks died, and he married Nancy Prentice, of Chenango Co., N. 
 Y. To them have been born 8 children, of whom are living. 
 
 Went Peck, farmer, sec. 33, was born in Litchfield Co., Conn., Oct. 13, 1807. His 
 parents were Gideon and Sybil Peck, both of whom died in Connecticut. Wait 
 came to this county and located land, making a permanent settlement in 1833. 
 The same year he married Harriet Mills, who was born in Connecticut in 1810. 
 Of the 7 children born to them, 4 are living — Virgil R., Ellatha, Jeanette and 
 Harriet A. Mrs. Peck died April 23, 1854, and Oct. 7, 1856, Mr. W. married Mrs. 
 Lucinda (Webster) North, widow of Daniel jSTorth (deceased). She was born in 
 Litchfield, Co., Conn., Feb. 10, 1819. They have 1 child. Flora May, wife of Wal- 
 lace B. North, White Pigeon, Mich. Mrs. Peck had 5 children by her former 
 husband — Helen A., Leila C, Granville F., Arthur and James M. Mr. and Mrs. 
 P. are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Peck i,s the onlj' man in this tp. who 
 resides on land first located from the Government. 
 
 George S. Peckens was born in Yates Co., N. Y., Nov. 8. 1819 ; son of David and 
 Experience (Pierce) Peckens. In 1834 they located in Freedom tp., where the 
 latter died; the former died in New York; subject was reared in Freedom tp. ; 
 came to present location when 13 yeai-s of age ; was married Sept. 3, 1852, to 
 Cornelia J. Randall, who was born in Rhode Island Feb. 11, 1827; 7 children 
 were given to this union ; 4 living — Alice, Nathan H., Ella and Nettie ; owns 258 
 acres of land on sec. 12, all made by own labor and perseverance ; P. O., Chelsea. 
 Jlrs. Olive Rogen (deceased) was born in Vermont April 38, 1806 ; came to Free- 
 dom tp. with husband in 1832; husband deserted her; was left with 1 child who, 
 when he grew to manhood, followed his father's footsteps, and left his poor old 
 mother aged and penniless; George S. Peckens took her to his home, where she 
 lived honored and respected forl3j'ears; died April 12,1879. 
 
 Albert H. Perry was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., April 37, 1835, son of Rau- 
 sels and Hannah P. (Tracy) Perry, natives of Rhode Island and New England ; 
 they came to this country in 1835, and the former died in 1874; the latter is still 
 living, in her 70th year; Albert H. was married Jan 23, 1867, to Adelaide Ray- 
 mond, who was born in this tp. July 10, 1840 ; they have 2 childien— Harvey A. 
 and Alta D. ; Mr. P. has been School Inspector ; is serving third term as Town 
 Clerk ; he owns 160 acres of land ; his only sister, Hannah P., is wife of James 0. 
 Raymond, of Grass Lake, Jackson Co., Mich. 
 
 Cyrus Eaymond was born at Benton, Ontario (now Yates) Co., N. Y., May 14, 
 1804 ; parents, David and Mary (Bailey) Raymond ; in 1833 located in Freedom 
 tp., where the former died June 28, 1858, and the latter, March' 15, 1856.iThe sub- 
 ject of this sketch learned carriage-making, which he worked at. for 12 years; 
 came to this county in 1836; was married June 20, 1833,'to Lorena JDickinson, 
 who was born in Onondaga countj-, N. Y., April 29, 1S13; parents were Amos 
 and Nancy (Coomer) Dickinson ; have 4 children living— ^Mahlon H., Melvin D., 
 Harriet E. and Morton L. ; owns 188 acres of land on sec. 6. 
 
 Hon. Andrew Robison was born in Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., Nov. 18, 1800. 
 He was the eldest son of John Robison, who in company with J. D. Robison 
 were the first settlers of Phelps, N. Y. His father dying when the subject lof 
 this sketch was quite young, he was apprenticed to the tanner's trade, learning 
 it in the village of Palmyra, N. Y. In 1822 he was married to Gertrude Hoag; 
 7 children were bornlto them ; 3 died in infancy. In 1843 Mr. and Mrs. Robison 
 came to Michigan, bringing with them 5 children, to-wit: John J., Chas. C. Lu- 
 cretia, Christina and Albert J. Mr. R. has filled various olfices of public trust ■ 
 was one term elected to the Michigan Legislature and for several yearswas Jus- 
 tice of the Peace, and Supervisor ; was appointed in 1864 by Gov. Blair one of 
 the receivers of soldiers' votes in the South. He was a man of pronounced views 
 on all leading subjects, and was ever to be found zealously advocating what to 
 him seemed right. Genial in his nature, a lover of humor," which he courted to 
 the close of life. He and his wife lived several vears after celebrating their ' 
 golden wedding. Mrs. R. died June 1, 1876, and Jlr. R., Jan. 27, 1879, and was 
 buried by the Adrian Commandery of Knights Templar, of which Masonic body 
 he had long been a member. 
 
SHAEON TOWNSHIP. 1311 
 
 John J.Rdbiaon. — The subject of this sketch was born in Phelps, Ontario Co., 
 N. Y., Aug. 13, 1824. He received a common-school education, finishing with 
 one term at the Palmyra (N. Y.) Academy ; removed to Michigan with his parents 
 in 1843, and settled in the town of Sharon, where he still resides. Taught school 
 18 terms in Manchester village, town and Sharon. By occupation he is a farmer ; 
 was married in 1847 to Altha E. Gillet, daughter of Amasa Gillet, one of the ear- 
 liest settlers of the tp. Have 5 children— Geo. F., the eldest, is living in Detroit, 
 where he was for some years connected with the editorial staff of the Detroit 
 Free Press ; about one year ago he was appointed Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 
 for "Wayne county, which position he now holds; Chas. C, the second son, is liv- 
 ing with his parents on the farm ; Gertrude, the only daughter, is married to Jas. 
 T. Eaman and lives in Livingston county, Mich. Jas. A. is in business in Atlanta, 
 Ga., and Emmet, the youngest, is a student in the University of Michigan at Ann 
 Arbor. Mr. Robison was chosen to the State Senate in 1862 and 1864, and was 
 renominated in 1866, but declined. He was elected County Clerk of Washtenaw 
 county in 1868 and in 1870. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Con- 
 vention that met in Baltimore in 1872. He has twice been nominated for Con- 
 gress, in 1874 and in 1876. Has been for several terms chosen Supei-visor of his 
 town. In 1878 was elected to the Lower House of the Legislature, and was com- 
 plimented with his party nomination for Speaker. While Mr. Robison has been 
 the nominee of his party for various places of honor and trust, he boasts the fact 
 that he never solicited a nomination from a single delegate. 
 
 Henry Rowe (deceased) was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., Dec. 16, 1794, son of 
 Nicholas and Mary Rowe, of German descent ; came to this county in 1881 ; was 
 married April 6, 1823, to Priscilla L. Foster, born in Connecticut, Jan. 9, 1801; 
 parents were John and Annie (Lovell) Foster; 11 children are born to them ; 6 
 are living — Mary, born Jan. 7, 1823, wife of Stephen Stringham, Ann Arbor ; 
 Emily, born July 29, 1824, living on old homestead ; Charles, born Feb. 23, 1828 ; 
 Frederick, born Dec. 9, 1829, resident of Southfleld, Mich. ; Sarah, born Aug. 9, 
 1884, married Isaac Jones, of Manchester, Mich. ; and Milo, born Aug. 81, 1836, 
 a resident of this tp. Mr. Rowe died Aug. 9, 1875, and his wife Oct. 5, 1877. 
 One son, Charles, was married Nov. 26, 1861, to Philena A., daughter of William 
 H. and Mary J. (Whaley) Bessac, who was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., Nov. 8, 
 1886 ; they have 8 children living— Bert B., Fred and Emmett. In 1852 Mr. Rowe 
 went to California, where he remained five years ; has since resided in Sharon tp. ; 
 owns land on sec. 23. * 
 
 Jonah R. 8loat (deceased) was born in Orange county, N. Y., Oct. 22, 1805, son 
 of David I. and Charity Sloat, who came to this county in 1881 ; Josiah was mar- 
 ried Oct. 1, 1835, to Emeline De Lamater, who was born April 9, 1810 ; 1 child 
 was born to this union — Charles A. ; wife died March 15, 1837 ; was again mar- 
 ried in Jackson, Mich., April 5, 1842, to Mary J. Faulkner, who was born in 
 Orange Co., N. Y., Jan. 11, 1814 ; 5 children have been born to them— May E., 
 Fannie A., Martha, Josiah, jr. and Deette. Mr. Sloat died March 5, 1863; wife is 
 member of Presbyterian Church, and owns 215 acres of land on sec. 34. 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The township of Manchester, or Mashawesid Senihawegin, forms 
 the main section of the Bnrr Oak Plains of Washtenaw. The princi- 
 pal water courses include the River Raisin in the northeastern, 
 and Iron creek in the southern, sections. The lakes comprise Iron 
 lake, Half-Moon lake. Lower lake, Mud Lake, Holmes lake. Twin 
 lakes, Mountain lake and Sigwan Kitchigami, a small pond near 
 the medicinal springs, in section 30. Iron lake, or Biwabikoy 
 occupies one-fourth the area of section 29, with arras stretching 
 into the northwestern quarter of section 28. Upper and Lower 
 Half-Moon lakes are picturesque sheets of water, connected by a 
 creek which runs through Mud lake and other ponds. Mountain 
 lake, in section 35, is so called from the range of hills which rise 
 from its eastern shore. Throughout the southern sections the sur- 
 face is undulating, the soil rich, and the water supply sufficient for 
 all purposes. The Raisin enters the township at the northwest 
 angle of section 6, and again in the northeast quarter of section 
 3, where it takes a southeasterly course, flowing through the vil- 
 lage of Manchester. The Jackson branch of L. S. & M. S. and 
 the D., H. & S. W. railroads run through the northern sections, 
 each having a depot at Manchester. 
 
 AGEICULTUEAL EESOUECES. 
 
 Manchester township claims the largest area of land of all the 
 Other municipal divisions of the county. The improved lands are 
 said to occupj' over 15,136, and the unimproved 7,320 acres, giving 
 a total ot 22,456 acres. There are 238 farms in the township, which 
 if equally divided would contain 94.35 acres each. 
 
 In 1879, 3,811 acres were devoted to wheat; but in 1880 this 
 number was increased to 4,355. The total product of this cereal in 
 1879 equaled 93,114, or 24.43 bushels per acre. The number of 
 acres under corn in 1879 is said to be 1,635, which produced 116,115 
 bushels; 678 acres devoted to oats yielded 27,416 bushels; 459 of 
 clover showed a product of 774 bushels, and 179 acres of barley pro- 
 duced 4,335 bushels. The acreage given to the growth of potatoes 
 was comparatively limited, only 98 acres being planted in 1879, 
 which produced 9,793 bushels. 2,360 acres of meadow |lands 
 yielded 2,945 tons of hay. This yield of hay is much below the 
 average of other years. 
 
 OEGANIC. 
 
 The first township meeting was held at the school-house in the 
 village of Manchester, Monday, April 3, 1837, under authority of 
 
 (1312) 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1313 
 
 an act approved March 11, 1837, directing that all " that portion of 
 the county of Washtenaw designated in the United States sur- 
 vey as township 4 south, of range 3 east, be, and the same is, here- 
 by set off, and organized into a separate township, by the name of 
 Manchester; and the first township meeting therein shall be held 
 at the school-house in Manchester." This meeting was organized 
 by appointing James H. Fargo, Moderator; Joshua L. Smith, Wm. 
 S. Carr and Levi B. Pratt, Inspectors of Election, and Wm. D. 
 Clark, Secretary of the meeting. Those officers decided that the 
 electors should record their votes by "general ticket." Having 
 completed these preliminaries, the election was proceeded with, 
 and the following results obtained: 
 
 James H. Fargo was elected Supervisor, having received 78 votes, 
 Geo. J. Barker and John B. Crane, his opponents, receiving one 
 vote each. Wm. D. Clark was elected Township Clerk by a major- 
 ity vote of 78, Bennett F. Root, the opposing candidate, receiving 
 one. The Justices elected were Samuel Palmer, Joseph S. Clark 
 and Fordyce Foster. The first received 81 votes, the second 78, 
 and the third, 44. Morris Frost and James H. Kice, the unsuccess- 
 ful candidates for that office, received respectively 35 votes and one. 
 Joshua L. Smith, James Stevens and Thomas Morgan were elected 
 Assessors. The first received 78, the second 80, and the third 80 
 votes. Daniel A. Mills, Fred Valentine and W. S. Carr received 
 one vote each. The Commissioners of Highways elected at the first 
 meeting were Erastus Palmer, 79 votes; Levi B. Pratt, 74 votes, 
 and Henry Hay, 59 votes. The candidates not successful were 
 John B. Crane, 24 votes; John Fisk and Joseph Noyes, one vote 
 each. The first School Inspectors of Manchester township were 
 John B. Case, Thomas Stockwell and John B. Crane. The two 
 former received 79 votes each, the latter 39 votes. Morris Frost 
 and Levi B. Pratt were elected Overseers of the Poor, the former 
 receiving 51 votes and the latter 74. The first Constables 
 elected were George Roberts and Samuel W. Foster, each of whom 
 received 79 votes; George Roberts was elected Collector, having 
 received 79 votes, David B. Gilbert, the second candidate receiving 
 only one. 
 
 The following Path-Masters were elected by a viva-voce vote: — 
 Thomas Green, district No. 1; Daniel Cross, No. 2; Zenas Root, 
 No. 3; James H. Fargo, No. 4; George Roberts, No. 5, with Jo- 
 seph Noyes and Frederick Valentine. In addition to the duty of 
 road overseer imposed upon each of the above named men, he had 
 also to act as fence-viewer and pound-master in his district. The 
 first series of resolutions adopted by the township comprised the 
 following: "That all cattle and swine, excepting hogs under 40 
 pounds weight, should be free commoners; that each pound-master 
 shall use his own yard for a pound; that a bounty of $10 shall be 
 paid to each and every person who shall catch and kill a wolf with- 
 in the limits of this township; that a fence four and one-half feet 
 in height shall be considered as sufficient and lawful; that 
 
1314: 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 a sum 
 during 
 
 poor 
 raised 
 
 of $25 be raised for the support of the 
 the ensuing year; that the sum of $50 be 
 to pay the bounty on wolves during the ensuing year ; 
 that Geo. J. Barker be Treasurer to hold the money raised for 
 bounty on wolves." The minute book is signed by the moderator, 
 clerk, and two inspectors of election, Levi B. Pratt's signature 
 not being appended. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board, held in October, 1837, W. M. 
 Carter was elected Collector and Constable, vice Roberts, resigned. 
 
 In the following list tlie names of the principal township officers 
 are given from November, 1837, to the present time. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 SUPERVISORS. 
 
 1888 
 
 James H. Fargo. 
 James H. Fargo. 
 Luther Field. 
 John Howland. 
 Barnabas Case. 
 Wm. S. Carr. 
 Alanson Case. 
 Jeremiah D. Corey. 
 Alanson Case. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Barnabas Case. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Oliver Nichols. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Jeremiah D, Corey. 
 Wm. S. Carr. 
 Newman Granger 
 Abram Brumfield. 
 Volney Chapman. 
 Volney Chapman. 
 Volney Chapman. 
 Philetus Coon. 
 Philetus Coon. 
 Philetus Coon. 
 Philetus Coon. 
 Arthur Case. 
 Arthur Case. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Isaac Magoon. 
 Newman Granger. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 Horatio Burch. 
 
 1839 
 
 1840 
 
 1841 
 
 1842 
 
 1843.. 
 
 1844 
 
 1845 
 
 1846 
 
 1847 
 
 1848 
 
 1849 
 
 1850 
 
 1851 
 
 1853 
 
 1853 
 
 1854 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 1859 
 
 1860 
 
 1861 
 
 1863 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 Marcus Carter, jr. 
 Marcus Carter, Jr. 
 Marcus Carter, jr. 
 Wm. Root., 
 Wm. H. Bessac. 
 Newman Granger, 
 David P. Bonnell. 
 ShumwayN.Palmer 
 Shumway N.Palmer 
 Shumway N.Palmer 
 John Keys. 
 John Keys. 
 Shumway N.Palmer 
 Bradley Filnanger. 
 David P, Gilbert. 
 Hanford Case- 
 Oliver P. Adams. 
 Ch'ncey Walbridge. 
 Sam. H, Perkins. 
 Sam. H. Perkins. 
 Sam. H. Perkins. 
 Simeon R. Spencer. 
 Simeon R. Spencer. 
 Arthur Case. 
 Arthur Case. 
 Arthur Case. 
 Arthur Case. 
 1. L. Clarkson. 
 I. L. Clarkson. 
 Alvinza S. Doty. 
 Muuson Goodyear. 
 Munsou Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Munsan Goodyear. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 JohnR. Jaynes, jr. 
 
 TEBASUREES. 
 
 Geo. Roberts. 
 Geo. Roberts. 
 John B. Case. 
 Thomas L. Spafford. 
 Shumway N. Palmer 
 Shumway N. Palmer 
 Shumway N. Palmer 
 Sam. H. Perkins. 
 Wm. S. Stowell. 
 Abner Dodge. 
 Sam. H. Perkins. 
 Morgan Carpenter. 
 Morgan Carpenter. 
 Ch'ncey Walbridge. 
 Arthur Case. 
 Arthur Case. 
 Wm. T. Couch. 
 Daniel D. Fitzgerald 
 Wm. S. Stowell. 
 Ch'ncey Walbridge. 
 Ch'ncey Walbridge. 
 John Tripp. 
 Wm. Freeman. 
 Wm. Chase. 
 Wm Chase. 
 John D. Merithew. 
 John D. Merithew. 
 Josiah S. Case. 
 Josiah S. Case. 
 Eli B-. Morey. 
 James Kelley. 
 Marcus D. Case. 
 G, L. Unterkircher. 
 Frederick Kurf ess. 
 Elijah G. Carr. 
 Emanuel Case. 
 Emanuel Case. 
 Emanuel Case. 
 Elijah G. Carr. 
 Elijah G. Carr. 
 Orrin A. Wait . 
 Wm. Sherwood. 
 Wm. Sherwood. 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1315 
 
 JUSTICES OF MANCHESTER FROM 1833 TO 1880. 
 
 1833. Emanuel Case, appointed by Ter- 
 ritorial Governor, acted until 
 1837. 
 
 1837. Joseph S. Clark, Samuel Palmer 
 
 and Fordyce Foster. 
 1887. (Reorganization) Joseph S. Clark, 
 John B. Crane, L. Stevens. 
 
 1838. John B. Crane. 
 
 1839. Joseph 8. Clark. 
 
 1840. Emanuel Case, John Hugh. 
 
 1841. Charles W. Penney. 
 
 1842. Oliver Nichols, Samuel Doty. 
 
 1843. Joseph S. Clark, Joshua L. Smith. 
 
 1844. Samuel Palmer. 
 
 1845. Thomas Havens, Adam VanTuyle. 
 
 1846. Oliver Nichols. 
 1847-8. Alanson Case. 
 
 1849. Bradley F. Granger. 
 
 1850. Oliver Nichols. 
 
 1851. Samuel H. Perkins. 
 1853. Alexander McCollum. 
 
 1853. Benjamin French. 
 
 1854. Oliver Nichols. 
 
 1855. Samuel H. Perkins. 
 
 1856. Wm. Dorr. 
 
 1857. Obadiah Priest. 
 
 1858. Frederick Smith. 
 
 1859. Samuel H. Perkins, Samuel. W. 
 
 Wells, Orvill Curtis. 
 
 1860. Nathan D. Brown. 
 
 1861. Hull Goodyear. 
 
 1863. Alexander McCollum. 
 1868. Wm. S. Carr. 
 
 1864. Oliver Nichols. 
 
 1865. Munson Goodyear, Geo. W. Burt- 
 
 1866. Edwin Smith. 
 
 1867. Jeremiah D. Corey, Alex. McCol- 
 
 lum. 
 
 1868. Benj. G. English, Alex. McCollum. 
 
 1869. Munson Goodyear. 
 
 1870. William English. 
 
 1871. Michael D. Howard. 
 
 1873. Benj. G. English. 
 
 1878. Munson Goodyear, Henry C. Cal- 
 houn. 
 
 1874. Jeremiah D. Corey, Wm. J. Eng- 
 
 lish. 
 
 1875. Albert T. Bruegel. 
 
 1876. Benj. G. English. 
 
 1877. Munson Goodyear. 
 
 1878. Franklin Hall. 
 
 1879. Virgil R. Peck. 
 
 1880. Marvin Cooley, Amariah Conklin. 
 
 THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS. 
 
 John Gilbert, of Ypsilanti, patented the lands upon which Man- 
 chester village now stands. He saw that it was a favorable site 
 for a village, and with a view of building up his interests here, he 
 contracted with Emanuel Case for the construction of a grist-mill. 
 The lumber used in the erection of this early industrial concern 
 was prepared by the contractors, Mr. Case and Harry Gilbert, the 
 hewed timber being got out by W. S. and Elijah Carr. 
 
 Emanuel Case built the first hotel and the first saw-mill in 1832, 
 as well as the first grist-mill. The saw-mill was erected for Major 
 Gilbert. This mill is standing at present and is known as the 
 " Farmer's Grist-mills'. " 
 
 Lewis Allen erected the first school-bnilding in 1834, on the 
 present site of the " Old brick school-house," the old frame being 
 moved backward. 
 
 The Manchester distillery was erected in 1838, by Barnabas 
 Case and Benj. Davis. Elias Fountain, John Faulkner, Ben. 
 French and F. Freeman subsequently purchased an interest. The 
 structure was located on the bank of the river, opposite the site of the 
 iron foundry. The original building is still standing. An apostle 
 of temperance happened to question Case on the propriety of estab- 
 lishing such a concern, when the distiller replied, " I am doing 
 more for the cause of temperance than he who advocates total ab- 
 stinence. I sell the pure article; it will hurt no one. Manufact- 
 
1316 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COTJNTT. 
 
 ured as it is, on the banks of the pure waters of the Raisin, it is 
 as pure as the water you drink. No one need fear of beina; injured 
 by it." This reasoning would scarcely justify the distiller of to- 
 day; yet 40 years ago the temperance orator feared to dwell on the 
 point. 
 
 OTHER EVENTS OF EAELT TIMES. 
 
 Emanuel Case was the iirst justice of the peace. He had his 
 office in the hotel which lie built, then operated by George Roberts. 
 This hotel was a frame building, and the site is now occupied by 
 the main building of the present " Groodyear House." 
 
 The Sac war created the usual excitement throughout the set- 
 tlement. Col. Fellows called out the men, placed them under 
 arms and awaited patiently the advance of the scalping Sacs. 
 Black Hawk did not come, however, and so the warrior zeal calmed 
 down, permitting the citizen soldiery to resume their various in- 
 dustries. 
 
 The Toledo war was the second signal or call to arms. Gov. 
 Mason demanded of the Territory a defensive force of 1,000 men, 
 and to make up the regiment of defenders, Manchester offered its 
 quota. This little army corps was placed under command of Col. 
 James H. Fellows, who led it into the "six-mile strip," as an army 
 of occupation, and quartered there for a period of three months, 
 awaiting the onslaught of the Buckeye militia. Fortunately the 
 timely interference of Uncle Samuel in this inter-State quarrel obvi- 
 ated fratricidal strife, and brought about that interchange of kind 
 words and actions which should always characterize the States of the 
 Union. Col. Fellows and his troops returned to their homes, sat- 
 isfied that they performed all that was required of them. 
 
 The first postoliice established in the township was that of the 
 hamlet of Elba in 1833, with Harvey Squires as the postmaster. 
 In 1837 Squires resigned, when Dr. Bennett F. Root was appointed. 
 Dr. Root presided over the Elba office until it was abolished in 
 September, ]852. An office was established about the same time 
 at the village of Manchester, with Harry Gilbert as postmaster; he 
 was succeeded in the office by James H. Fargo, Barnabas Case, 
 Lorenzo Higgins. In 1848 William Root was appointed. In 1853 
 Alanson Case was placed in charge and held the office until 18.59, 
 when Alanson Case resigned and Hull Goodyear was appointed. 
 In 1861 the present postmaster, Chauncey Walbridge, was ap- 
 pointed, and for a period of 20 years has administered the duties 
 of his office faithfully and well. 
 
 The first marriage celebrated within the township is said to be 
 that of Miss Palmer, who came to this State with the Fitzgerald 
 family. The ceremony was performed by Smith Lapham, Justice 
 of the Peace. The people of Sharon lay some claim to this event, 
 it having taken place in their township; but that it took place at D. 
 Fitzgerald's house, in Manchester, is now unquestioned. 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1317 
 
 The wild-cat bank established a branch office here about 1838. 
 Geo. Howe was president of the institution, and James Erwin, 
 cashier. It is unnecessary to revert to the evils of the old bank- 
 ing system. In every other page of county and township history, 
 the ruin which it brought upon the people is referred to. Man- 
 chester was not an exception. The people lost much, gaining in 
 return for all their losses and troubles a valuable experience. 
 
 Dr. Bennett F. Root was the first regular physician who settled 
 here. He came with his two brothers in 1834 and entered imme- 
 diately upon his professional labors. In his reference to the sani- 
 tary condition of the district at that time, he states that the first 
 settlers suffered much from sickness. After commencing to plow 
 and cultivate the soil, the ague or intermittent fever was sure to 
 follow. Very few escaped. From 1830 to 1840 there was a rapid 
 immigration to this State and the settlers were quite sure to go 
 through a rigid course of seasoning before they became acclimated. 
 Fever and ague, dysentery and scarlet fever prevailed to an alarm- 
 ing extent. It was not uncommon in his professional labors to 
 prescribe for 40 or 60 patients every 24 hours; yet, notwithstand- 
 ing the great number of sufferers, there were very few deaths. Many 
 were unable to labor, their pecuniary means were exhausted, and in 
 many instances whole families were thrown upon beds of sickness, 
 so that at times there were not as many convalescent persons in the 
 settlement as would be required for the care of the ailing. 
 
 In November, 1834, Dr. Root was crossing the Raisin on the 
 old pole bridge which then spanned the river where the present 
 bridge near the foundry now stands, when he fell through the 
 treacherous corduroy into the river. The Doctor was then aged 71 
 years, and had been aregular physician for 50 years previous. He 
 was a believer in the "cold-water" cure up to the period of his 
 immersion, but after his fortunate escape could never reconcile his 
 ancient faith with his modern experience. 
 
 The bridge now connecting Exchange place and Jefferson street 
 was built in 1833, which was a substantial, safe viaduct. 
 
 PIONEER PREDICTION IN 1839. 
 
 In those early years, many members of the community, men who 
 made Manchester their homes and contributed to its progress, ad- 
 dressed their friends in quiet meetings. Among the number was 
 J.D.Corey. In his address on "Improvement," delivered about 
 1839, a few paragraphs of a philosophical character were used, the 
 acceptance of which truths tended to teach each citizen to know 
 himself, to love his country, and to honor the laws which regulate 
 the affairs of the Republic. He said : 
 
 "The situation of our Confederation, washed by 6,000 miles of 
 sea, stretching through many degrees of latitude and longitude, 
 watered by numerous navigable rivers, with a population of 18,- 
 000,000 scattered over every part of its surface, from the lakes of 
 
1318 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 liquid silver on the nort-.h to the Gulf of Mexico on the south, and 
 from the ice-bound current of the Kennebeck to the rapid streams 
 of California, all protected from tyranny by the strong arms of the 
 tree of liberty, exhibit a scene of grandeur which ancient Rome in all 
 her splendor might envy. Sliould our country continueits present gi- 
 gantic march of improvement, ere another century shall have fallen 
 over the precipice of time the whole of her wild Western territo- 
 ries, which are now nothing but 'an unfenced desolation' of forest 
 and mountain, will become a picturesque and well cultivated portion 
 of this land of liberty. Splendid cities will adorn the Western coast, 
 which will vie with these which now stand on the Atlantic shore, 
 and by means of some great work of internal improvement, pass- 
 engers as well as intelligence will be conveyed from the Eastern 
 emporium to the Western metropolis, almost as rapidly as the sun 
 will travel from one shore to the other. The Kocky Mountains 
 themselves, whose tops are enveloped in the clouds, will be obliged 
 to yield to the hand of art and industry; their bosoms made to 
 heave by the villainous saltpeter, and their base transformed into 
 a garden. These anticipations may seem chimerical; but who can 
 predict to what height of wealth, and power of glory and grandeur 
 our country shall yet attain? Yet the perpetuity of our Republic 
 depends upon the intelligence of the people; for this is the true 
 source of republicanism and the spirit of union. The enemies of 
 our present form of government vauntingly predict its approaching 
 dissolution, and point to the downfall of Greece and Rome and 
 modern France, and to the anarchy and confusion which reign in 
 the republics ot South America as precedents and unerring in- 
 dications that man is not capable of governing himself. But the 
 inquiry arises. What caused the overthrow of those time-honored 
 and brilliant republics? The answer is to be found in the igno- 
 rance of the people." 
 
 This prediction of the pioneer has been literally fulfilled, his 
 brightest daydreams surpassed. 
 
 MERCANTILE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 In the year 1858 the " Washtenaw County Self- Protective Mer- 
 cantile Association" was organized here, with Jeremiah D. Corey, 
 President; H. E. Osborn, Vice Pres., and John Robinson, Secretary. 
 The directory comprised L. D. Watkins, Charles Kingsley, Andrew 
 Robinson, Isaac Magoon, and Hull Goodyear. 
 
 The preamble to the constitution adopted by this association of 
 Manchester men, sets forth that, " Whereas, the producing classes 
 receive so small an equivalent for their excessive toil, that in many 
 cases no surplus remains after the purchase of their necessaries of 
 life; and, whereas, those with small means are subjected to dis- 
 advantage in making their purchases alone, which a union of their 
 capital with that of their brother laborers would overcome; and 
 whereas, it is desirable to create a feeling of brotherhood among 
 
.^ -^ 
 
1318 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 liquid silver on the north to the Gulf of Mexico on the south, and 
 from the ice-bound current of the Kennebeck to the rapid streams 
 of California, all protected from tyranny by the strong arms of the 
 tree of liberty, exhibit a scene of grandeur which ancient Rome in all 
 her splendor might envy. Should our country continueits present gi- 
 gantic march of improvement, ere another century shall have fallen 
 over the precipice of time the whole of her wild Western territo- 
 ries, which are now nothing but 'an unfenced desolation' of forest 
 and mountain, will become a picturesque and well cultivated portion 
 of this land of liberty. Splendid cities will adorn the Western coast, 
 which will vie with these which now stand on the Atlantic shore, 
 and by means of some great work of internal improvement, pass- 
 engers as well as intelligence will be conveyed from the Eastern 
 emporium to the Western metropolis, almost as rapidly as the sun 
 will travel from one shore to the other. The Rocky Mountains 
 themselves, whose tops are enveloped in the clouds, will be obliged 
 to yield to the hand of art and industry; their bosoms made to 
 heave by the villainous saltpeter, and their base transformed into 
 a garden. These anticipations may seem chimerical; but who can 
 predict to what height of wealth, and power of glory and grandeur 
 our country shall yet attain? Yet the perpetuity of our Republic 
 depends upon the intelligence of the people; for this is the true 
 source of republicanism and the spirit of union. The enemies of 
 our present form of government vauntingly predict its approaching 
 dissolution, and point to the downfall of Greece and Rome and 
 modern France, and to the anarchy and confusion which reign in 
 the republics ot South America as precedents and unerring in- 
 dications that man is not capable of governing himself. But the 
 inquiry arises. What caused the overthrow of those time-honored 
 and brilliant republics? The answer is to be found in the igno- 
 rance of the people." 
 
 This prediction of the pioneer has been literally fulfilled, his 
 brightest day dreams surpassed. 
 
 MERCANTILE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 In the year 1858 the " Washtenaw County Self- Protective Mer- 
 cantile Association" was organized here, with Jeremiah D. Corey, 
 President; H. E. Osborn, Vice Pres., and John Robinson, Secretary. 
 The directory comprised L. D. Watkins, Charles Kingsley, Andrew 
 Robinson, Isaac Magoon, and Hull Goodyear. 
 
 The preamble to the constitution adopted by this association of 
 Manchester men, sets forth that, " Whereas, the producing classes 
 receive so small an equivalent for their excessive toil, that in many 
 cases no surplus remains after the purchase of their necessaries of 
 life; and, whereas, those with small means are subjected to dis- 
 advantage in making their purchases alone, which a union of their 
 capital with that of their brother laborers would overcome; and 
 whereas, it is desirable to create a feeling of brotherhood among 
 

 % 1 
 
 ^^1^^-^- 
 
 ^j^^^ 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1321 
 
 these classes and to afford opportunities for mutual consultation 
 as to their true interests; therefore, in order to establish a just and 
 economical method for the production, distribution, and consump- 
 tion of the fruits of human industry, to release society from the 
 burden of sustaining useless functionaries in the several depart- 
 ments of mercantile, civil and social life; to establish such a system 
 of exchange as shall protect and ennoble, rather than despoil and 
 degrade, human labors, to associate producers into an organization 
 for their mutual benefit and improvement, and to secure to each 
 the strength of all; we hereby associate and organize ourselves as a 
 body mercantile, which shall be designated and known as the 
 "Washtenaw County Self- Protective Mercantile Association, to be 
 located at Manchester; and we hereby adopt and agree to abide by 
 the constitution." «. 
 
 This was the initial movement in this portion of Michigan which 
 led to the organizations of the present time. 
 
 A MILITARY COMPANY. 
 
 The " Manchester Union Guards" was organized under the militia 
 law of the^State in 1857. The company comprised 57 men, well 
 equipped and uniformed, 'under command of Captain Comstock, 
 with isaacL.Clarkson, 1st Lieut.; L. D. Watkins, 2d Lieut.; J. H. 
 Fountain, Sergeant Major; Chauncey Walbridge, Commissary Ser- 
 geant, and James Kelley, Ist Orderly. This company volunteered 
 as Company D in the 1st Michigan Infantry (3 months); served at 
 Alexandria and the first Bull Kun. Having completed its term of 
 service, the command was mustered out in July', 1861. It was re- 
 organized the same month as a reserve corps, sending recruits to 
 the front at intervals during the war. Since that period Manches- 
 ter has been without an organized military force. The second lieu- 
 tenant and the commissary sergeant did not go to the front in 1861. 
 
 A $50,000 DONATION PARTY. 
 
 A meeting of the citizens of Manchester township was held May 
 13, 1869. for the purpose of considering the advisability of grant- 
 ing the sum of $50,000 to the Detroit & Hillsdale railroad on con- 
 dition that such road should be so located and constructed as to 
 make the village of Manchester a depot, station or point. This 
 meeting resolved that a request to Supervisor Newman Granger be 
 signed, asking him to call a special township meeting. This docu- 
 ment was signed by J. S. Eeynolds, Lewis H. Weis, J. D. Van 
 Duyn, G. W. Brown, Barnabas Case, Matthew D. Blosser, G. M. 
 Hewitt, E. E. Force, Frederick Kurfess, M. D. Case, Goodrich 
 Conklin. G. W. Doty, C. Lehn, Joseph Swatz, C. H. Nichols, G. 
 Underbill, Wm. H. Gray, B. W. Bonnell, U. G. Beach, G. B. Mo- 
 rey, W. P. Haag, N. Hay, A. N. Stevens, E. W. Logan, J. M. La- 
 zell, Charles Weir, F. Freeman, O. A. Wait, David Burroughs, C. 
 76 
 
1322 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Kingsley, William Baxter, W. H. Pottle, P. F. Blosser, I. L. Clark- 
 son, Henry Aldrich, T. J. Farrell, Chauncey "Walbridge, Henry 
 Goodyear, James Goodyear, G. E. Palmer, D. D. Fitzgerald, Wm. 
 Kircligessner, E. G. Carr, J. H. Miller, Wm. H. Bessac, A. C. Tor- 
 rey. Supervisor Granger acceded to the request. A township 
 meeting was called for June 7, 1869, in regular form; the meeting 
 was held and resulted in an affirmative vote of 342, with 199 oppos- 
 ing. 
 
 Subsequently township bonds were issued for $50,000, bearing 
 interest at 10 per cent, per annum, payable in 20 annual install- 
 ments on the first of February each year, the first falling due 
 Feb. 1, 1871, amounting with interest to $7,600; and the last, with 
 interest, due Feb. 1, 1890, amounting to $2,750. These bonds 
 were transferred to the State Treasurer of Michigan in trust for 
 and by the township of Manchester, for the benefit of the Detroit, 
 Hillsdale & Indiana Kailroad Company, and the receipt of such 
 bonds acknowledged by H. D. Bartholomew, Feb. 10, 1870. 
 
 After all this trouble and expense had been undergone, the peo- 
 ple of Salem township disputed the right of any township to vote 
 aid to railroad or other private corporations, and this action was 
 fully sustained by the Supreme Court; the bonds issued by the 
 Board were declared void; the Township Board demanded their re- 
 turn from the State Treasurer, which demand was acceded to, and 
 the bonds consigned to the fire by Supervisor Burch. Subsequently 
 the citizens subscribed voluntarily a sum of $30,000, which was 
 placed to the credit of the railroad company. The first train of 
 this company steamed into the village Sept. 23, 1870. 
 
 THE WHEAT FAMINE. 
 
 In the summer and fall of 1834 wheat was worth but four shill- 
 ings per bushel, but owing to the rapid increase of population in 
 the spring of 1835, the price increased to 10 shillings, and the 
 grain very difficult to be had at that price. Pork was worth from 
 $30 to $35 per barrel. 
 
 Regarding this period one of the old settlers related the follow- 
 ing story of his search for flour: 
 
 ^" In June we were out of bread, which could not be had here at 
 any price. I procured a horse and went to Dexter— could find 
 none; to Ann Arbor — none there. I then went to Lodi, was rec- 
 ommended to Esq. Orrin Howe. He says, 'Wife, how much flour 
 have we? Can we spare the man any?' She says, ' I think we can; 
 it wont be long before harvest.' He weighed me 20 pounds, and 
 further said, 'I have a little corn in the crib; if you will shell it, 
 you may have a bushel.' I did so, and was glad to get as much as 
 that. I spent three days and felt well pleased." 
 
 THE FATE OF A SLEEPY MILLEE. 
 
 In the spring of 1835, Matthew T. Prout left his home with the 
 intention of buying a few bushels of grist from Deacon Marvin, 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1323 
 
 and of proceeding thence to Tecumseh, 35 miles distant from bis 
 home, for the purpose of having it groand. In the first instance 
 he was successful, but on reaching the Tecumseh mill, he was told 
 that he should wait two or three days. This he determined to do. 
 Kight came; Prout walked over to scan the work of the miller, but 
 to his surprise he found that individual sleeping. He was not 
 slow to take in the situation. He heard the warning bell, and yet 
 the miller slept; without loss of time he emptied his grist into the 
 hopper, had it ground, the flour placed in sacks, and was on his 
 homeward journey before that miller awoke. He has never since 
 that period learned of all the " complimentary " words expressed by 
 the sleeper when he awoke, nor does he remember whether or not 
 he gave the necessary toll. 
 
 AN ANNIVEESAEY CELEBRATION, 1881. 
 
 Of the many privileges now enjoyed by the pioneers, perhaps 
 that one most especially enjoyable is the anniversary of a birth- 
 day. On such an occasion invitations are mailed in due form 
 to' many of the early settlers, and particularly to contemporary 
 pioneers. The anniversary day arrives; if in winter, the guests 
 arrive in sleigh after sleigh, the merry jingle of the bells bespeak a 
 holiday, all the surroundings of the house tell of festivity. Within 
 are assembled the old people, all joyful in company, all with the mem- 
 ories of the never-forgotten past fresh and green, all happy in their 
 reunion. The latest, and probably one of the most characteristic of 
 such celebrations, was that attendant on the 77th anniversary of 
 Mrs. Sophia Fellows' birth. There were Mrs. M. H. Hixon (relict 
 of D. Hixon), and Mrs. T. W. Hunt, nee Fellows, both ladies 
 being octogenarians, with 11 others, aged from 70 to 79 years. 
 Among the assembled guests were five pioneers, who, in coming to 
 Michigan 55 years ago, crossed Lake Erie in a sail boat, and 
 reached Detroit in safety. The entire party had not met since 
 1826; indeed, a few of them had not seen each other for over half a 
 century, until the celebration of March 4, 1881, brought them to- 
 gether at the house of Mrs. Wait, the daughter of Mrs. Sophia 
 (Perrin) Fellows. The names of those re-united friends are J. H. 
 Fellows, Festus A. Fellows, Harriet Fellows, Mrs. D. Hixon and 
 the lady whose 77th anniversary was being honored. The pioneer 
 guests included the following: 
 
 Mrs. D. Hixon Bridgewater, aged 81 years, settled in the State 1836 
 
 Mrs. T.W.Hunt Saline, 
 
 James H. Fellows Sharon, 
 
 Festus A. Fellows Saline, 
 
 Harriet Fellows Saline, 
 
 Sophia Fellows Sharon, 
 
 Mrs. E. Knight Manchester, 
 
 Mrs. J. Perrin Freedom, 
 
 Jacob Perrin Freedom, 
 
 Mrs. E. P. Pelton Bridgewater, 
 
 Levi Kichmond Bridgewater, 
 
 Mrs. J. H. Fellows Sharon, 
 
 Wm. Palmer Manchester, 
 
 81 " 
 
 1828 
 
 73 " " ' 
 
 1836 
 
 78 " 
 
 1836 
 
 75 " 
 
 1836 
 
 77 " 
 
 1836 
 
 79 " 
 
 1844 
 
 77 " 
 
 1831 
 
 73 " " 
 
 1835 
 
 71 " 
 
 1830 
 
 71 " 
 
 1831 
 
 70 " 
 
 1843 
 
 70 " 
 
 1832 
 
1324 HI8T0ET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Eev. Mr. Palmer, Mrs. Wm. Palmer, Messrs. Jeremiah D. Corey 
 and Mrs. Corey, Charles M. Fellows and wife, Isaac Jones and wife, 
 Mrs. H. Morey, Mrs. Esther Palmer, Mrs. Eichmond, Miss S. M. 
 Marvin, James Winton and wife were among the invited guests. 
 The participants in the celebration nnmbered 40. Nor was the 
 juvenile element wanting. A number of pretty children indulged 
 in the gaiety which such an occasion inspires, and did not fail — 
 children never do — to cause that peculiarly agreeable disturbance, 
 or " chord of the seventh," which varies, as it were, the harmony of 
 such pleasant reunions. 
 
 A HEALTHY LOCATION. 
 
 The officers of the village and Township Board of Health are Drs. 
 A. B. Conklin and A. C. Taylor. The report on the sanitary con- 
 dition of the village bears, indeed, a very favorable comparison with 
 the statement made 46 years ago by the first physician who settled 
 in the township. Then miasmas prostrated the settlers; now dis- 
 ease has almost disappeared until the medical officer declares the 
 sanitary condition of the village, and the health of the inhabitants 
 to be higher than at any previous time in the history of the vil- 
 lage. 
 
 THE NUCLEUS OF A VILLAGE. 
 
 As late as 1834 there were but few settlers in what is now the 
 village of Manchester. William S. Carr, Ben. Case, Elijah G. Carr, 
 Emanuel Case, the Widow Annabil and J. Soule appeared to be 
 the only inhabitants. Wm. S. Carr had a small store where now 
 stands the Guiimer block. Soule was running a saw-mill on the 
 bank of the river at East Manchester. Mrs. Annabil buried her 
 husband a short time previously. A building was being enclosed 
 on the corner where the Union Hall now stands, and which now 
 forms a portion of that building; the ground was muddy and 
 literally covered with stumps; a few log huts were erected wher- 
 ever room could be had; no roads existing; in fact, it was not a 
 very inviting place to settle at that day. There were no hotels, no 
 regular mechanic shops, no organized Church, no regularly estab-- 
 lished school, no grist-mill, — nothing calculated to administer to 
 the wants of a community, to elevate the condition of society. 
 Very soon, however, through the rapid increase of population, and 
 the energy and intelligence of the people, many of these wants 
 were supplied, and the nucleus of the present village formed. 
 
 IIANCHESTEE. 
 
 The village is pleasantly situated on the Eaisin river, occupy- 
 ing a large area of the northeastern sections of the township, and 
 forming the market town of the district. The river enters at the 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1325 
 
 western limits, forms a curve at the cemetery, and flows southeast- 
 erly through a tortuous channel to the L. S. & M. S. R. R. 
 bridge, between which point and the mill-race, at the City Road 
 bridge, is formed the southern bend. The valley of the Eaisin in 
 this neighborhood is picturesque, the location of tlie village appro- 
 priate, and the view from any of the varied elevations within the 
 corporate limits singularly beautiful. The D., H. & S. W. E. R. 
 enters the village on the east, a little north of the Raisin, and 
 crosses the L. S. & M. S. R. R. outside the western limits. The 
 depot of the former road is situated east of the railroad bridge, 
 north of Jefferson street, and south of Corey's addition; while the 
 M. S. depot is located north of Case's addition and west of Clin- 
 ton street, on the west side of the river. The original plat was 
 made by Major Jno. Gilbert. It comprised 22 blocks, bounded on 
 the north by Exchange place,with blocks 1 and 2 extending to Mad- 
 ison street on the southwest, and south by the L. S. & M. S. R. R., 
 and on the east by the river. The streets named therein are: Ex- 
 change place. Grove, Jackson and Boyne streets, running east and 
 west, and Union, Macomb, Washington, Clinton and Railroad 
 streets, running north and south. 
 
 The second plat was made east of tl»e river, with an extension on 
 the west side, north of the original village, comprising eight blocks 
 on the west and 21 blocks on the east side. These plats were made 
 in 1837. The next addition was made by Granger and Morgan, 
 comprising six blocks, located south of the City road and north of 
 the south bend of the river. 
 
 Morgan's addition was made north of the City road, bounded 
 on the west by Torrey's addition, and on the east by the line of the 
 village as now platted. Cowan's first addition is situated northeast 
 and north of the river, west of the Ann Arbor road. It is laid 
 out in seven blocks. Tiie second addition lies north and west of 
 the first, and contains five blocks. Torrey's addition of seven 
 blocks lies west of Division street, and east of the second portion 
 of the village as platted in 1837. In 1868 the tract north of the 
 D., H. & S. W. R. R. and east of the Ann Arbor road was sur- 
 veyed; subsequently the land east of what was platted. This is 
 now known as Corey's addition. Case's addition, south of the L. 
 S. & M. S. R. R. was laid out in half-acre lots by Barnabas Case. 
 This contains 40 acres. 
 
 Exchange place, from the river to the Goodyear House, may be 
 termed the business center of the village, though on the Eastern 
 extension of the street, known as Jefferson street, are a number of 
 large brick houses devoted to mercantile business, with other blocks 
 in course of erection. Since the building era of 1S67 there has not 
 been any great effort made by the citizens to build up the village 
 until the present time. ISTow, a few important commercial houses 
 are being constructed and a large number in prospect, so that with a 
 reuewarof the enterprise of 1867, there is every hope of Manchester 
 reaching that important place which it is so well fitted to hold. 
 
1326 
 
 HISTOBT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 OEGANIZATION OF THE VILLAGE. 
 
 A bill to organize the village of Manchester was introduced by J. 
 D. Corey, Feb. 28, 1867, approved March 16, 1867, and was amended 
 March 25, 1871. The charter granted in 1867 was set aside in 1879, 
 and the village affairs carried on under the authority of the general 
 law of the State. The first election of village officers was held at 
 Union Hall March 18, 1867, when Newman Granger was elected 
 President; Alvinza S. Doty, Recorder, and Philetus Coon, Treas- 
 urer. Since that period these offices have been filled as foUowa: 
 
 1868. . . . 
 1869.... 
 1870. . . . 
 1871. . . , 
 1873. . . . 
 1873. . . . 
 1874. . . . 
 1875. . . . 
 1876.... 
 1877.... 
 1878. . . . 
 1879. . . . 
 1880. . . . 
 
 PKBSIDENT. 
 
 Newman Granger. 
 Newman Granger. 
 "Wm. M.Brown. 
 Isaac L. Clarkson. 
 Arthur Case. 
 "Wm. M.Brown. 
 C. Walbriclge. 
 J. D. VanDuyne. 
 M. Goodyear. 
 Marcus D. Case. 
 Geo. W. Doty. 
 Amariah Conklin. 
 Amariah Conklin. 
 
 RECORDER. 
 
 Isaac L. Clarkson. 
 Isaac L. Clarkson. 
 Isaac L. Clarkson. 
 M. D. Howard. 
 M. Goodyear. 
 M. Goodyear. 
 Clarence W. Case. 
 Clarence W. Case . 
 Wm. J. Doty. 
 Clarence W. Case. 
 Clarence W. Case. 
 Jos. A. Goodyear. 
 Edwin E. Root. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 Conrad Lehn. 
 Conrad Lehn. 
 Geo. W. Doty. 
 Conrad Lehn. 
 Albert T. Bruegel. 
 Albert T. Bruegel. 
 8. W. Clarkson. 
 S. W. Clarkson. 
 Nath. Schmid. 
 Nath. Schmid. 
 Nath. Schmid. 
 W. Kirchgessner. 
 W. Kirchgessner. 
 
 THE TEtrSTEES OF MANCHESTER VILLAGE FROM 1867 TO 1880. 
 
 1867. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Marcus D. Case. 
 Conrad Lehn. 
 Wm. M. Brown. 
 Joseph Ottmar. 
 James S. Reynolds. 
 
 1868. 
 Wm. M. Brown. 
 
 James S. Reynolds. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Mynders H. Mather. 
 Charles Gwinner. 
 Edward P. Crafts. 
 
 1869. 
 James Hendershot. 
 John D. Merithew. 
 Wm. Kirchgessner. 
 Geo. W. Doty. 
 James Kelly. 
 Charles Sandford. 
 
 1870. 
 James Kelly. 
 EmmettN. Palmer. 
 John D. Merithew. 
 Jacob C. Wortley. 
 Newman Granger. 
 David G. Rose. 
 
 1871. 
 Elected under old Charier. 
 David G.Rose. 
 
 Wm. S. Carr. 
 Joseph Ottmar. 
 Munson Goodyear. 
 Wm. Neebling. 
 Philetus Coon. 
 
 1871. 
 
 Elected under act of 1871- 
 
 Seymour Hammond. 
 Samuel W. Lockwood. 
 Albert Case. 
 .Joseph Ottmar. 
 John B. Gillman. 
 Wm. S. Cirr. 
 
 1873. 
 John B. Gillman. 
 Albert Case. 
 Joseph Ottmar. 
 Wm. 8. Carr. 
 David G. Rose. 
 Fredrick Kurfess. 
 
 1873, 
 Jeremiah D. Corey. 
 William Kirchgessner. 
 John Field. 
 
 1874. 
 Marcus D. Case. 
 Wm. H. Pottle. 
 Seymour Hammond. 
 
 1875. 
 
 John Field, 
 
 Oscar D. MordoflF. 
 John D. Merithew. 
 
 1876. 
 Isaac Wyburn. 
 Wm. Neebling, ] 
 
 Samson Underbill. 
 
 1877. 
 Munson Goodyear, 
 Conrad Lehn, 
 Jeremiah D, Corey, 
 
 1878. 
 Wm, Sherwood, 
 John Haag, 
 Wm. Burtless. 
 
 1879, 
 
 First election under nem 
 Charter. 
 
 John Haag, Jas, L, Stone,. 
 1 year, Edward O'Neil, 
 Warren Kimball, Oscar 
 H, Bivins, Jos. Gorden- 
 ier , 3 years, 
 
 1880. 
 Warren Kimball, Oscar H.^ 
 Bivins, and Joseph Gor- 
 denier, 1 year, John 
 H. Kingsley, B. G, Love- 
 joy, James E. Lynch ^ 
 3 years. 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1327 
 
 THE COMMEEOIAL BUILDINGS. 
 
 The first brick building erected in the village was that by W. S. 
 Carr, for a general store in 1837. This is standing at the present 
 time. It has been the store of Dr. Bessac for many years, and is 
 now occupied as a hardware store by C. M. Norton. The first brick 
 store erected on the east side of the river was that of J. D. Corey, 
 in October, 1858, and now occupied by Charles Singer. The second 
 brick store erected on the west side was that by John Keyes in 1838, 
 Dr. W. S. Stowell is the owner of this property. 
 
 The store now occupied by Case & Corey was built in 1852, by 
 Andrew Spaflrord. The " Gleeson Block" was built in 1863 by J. 
 Gleeson. Chauncey Walbridge built the store west of Gleeson 
 block subsequently. The Hoy Block, in which is the Masonic Hall, 
 was builtin 1866; the Goodyear Block in 1869; the Goodyear House 
 in 1869. The Kirchgessner and Lehn Block was erected in 1873. 
 The Bank Block was erected by Peabody and Baxter. The Conk- 
 lin Block was built by Dr. Amariah Conklin in 1880-'81. It stands 
 on the east bank of the river, north side of Jefferson St. The north- 
 ern part of the Daly & Unterkircher Block is now occupied by Post- 
 master Walbridge, who purchased it from Unterkircher. Daly owns 
 the second part. The Burkhart Block was erected immediajtely south 
 of the post-office. In March, 1881, Conrad Lehn and John J. Clark- 
 son entered upon the erection of a large building, on the north side 
 of Exchange place, near the Goodyear House. The large brick 
 building now occupied by Mack & Smith was built for Isaac 
 L. Clarkson. 
 
 The principal residences of the village include J. D. Van 
 Duyn's, L. H. Coon's, J. J. Clarkson's, W. S. Carr's, E. Hall's, J, 
 D. Keefe's, Dr. Bessac's, Dr. Lynch's, Clarence W. Case's, G. W. 
 Hoy's, on the west side. The principal residences on the east side 
 are J. D. Corey's, Dr. Conklin 's, Franklin Freeman's, Dr. Hun- 
 ter's, E. Jayne's, Goodrich Conklin's, C. Walbridge's, Dr. Eoot's, 
 Dr. Monger's, "W. H. Pottle's, B. J. Lovejoy's, Geo. W. Doty's, A. 
 T. Bruegel's, Mrs. Porter's, Henry Kirchoffer's, Vander worker's, 
 "Wm. Hewitt's, J. Everett's, Mrs. Kingsley's and Dr. Taylor's. 
 
 THE FIEE. 
 
 The fire of 1853 broke out about 6 a.m. on Sunday morning, 
 May 1, originating in the Manchester fiouring mill. It extended to 
 the buildings in the neighborhood and reduced the business por- 
 tion of the' village to ashes. Fourteen business houses and one 
 dwelling were destroyed. The loss on the mill alone was about 
 $20,000, and the entire loss was estimated at over $50,000. The de- 
 vouring element was brought under control just at the moment 
 when the old Manchester House was threatened. The inhabitants 
 labored earnestly and well, and to their efforts may be attribn'cd 
 the safety of the village west of the hotel. 
 
1328 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 THE PRESS. 
 
 In the chapter on the Press, the histories of the Enterprise and 
 the Journal are given. Here it will be only necessary to state 
 that the former was established by Geo. S. Spafford in 1867, pur- 
 chased by Mat. D. Blosser in 1868, and now forms one of the lead- 
 ing journals of the county. 
 
 The Manchester Journal was projected in October, 1873, by G. 
 R. Palmer, but fell through within the following year. 
 
 THE SCHOOLS. 
 
 There are seven school buildings in the township, together with 
 the Union school-house of the village. Union district No. 2 com- 
 prises the village proper with portions of the adjoining sections. 
 Here is situated the Union school, presided over by a corps of seven 
 teachers. Dr. A. B. Conklin is Township Superintendent of 
 Schools. Prof. J. "W". Eobinson and Prof G. F. Field preside over the 
 high school. Miss M. K. Hunt, Miss Altie Colwell, Miss Alice 
 Eichmond, Miss Anna A. Shakell and Miss Mary E. Webb are 
 teachers in the Union school. The School Board is composed of 
 the following members: Jeremiah D. Corey, Dr. Amariah Conk- 
 lin, M. D.'Case, W. S. Stowell, S. H. Perkins and Eev. J. B. Gil- 
 man. The Union school building was erected in 1S67, at a cost of 
 $25,000. Bonds were issued for that amount at the time, the last 
 of which was redeemed Feb. 1, 1880. The house was dedicated to 
 school purposes immediately after its completion, witii Prof. C. E. 
 Olney as principal. During the winter term of 1880-'81, 48 pupils 
 were in attendance at the high school, 46 attended the grammar 
 classes, 59 the intermediate, 53 the second primary, and 88 the iirst 
 primary. , 
 
 The township schools are known as Wo. 1, fractional with Nor- 
 vell, with Geo. S. Field present teacher; No. 2, fractional with 
 Franklin, with Michael Cummins as teacher; District No. 3, under 
 Miss Laura Gray ; District No. 4, presided over by Miss Mary 
 Blyth; No. 5, by Eva Palmer; No. 6, by Miss Cj'nthia Crane; No. 
 7 by Miss Alice Scully; No. 8, by Miss Lina Campbell. The 
 number of pupils attending these schools during the winter term 
 of 1880-'81 was 221. Of this number 25 attended No. 2, with 
 Norvell; 26, No. 2, with Franklin; 35, No. 3; IS, No. 4; 31, No. 
 5; 33, No. 6; 23, No. 7, and 30, No. 8. The number of children 
 of school age exceeds the number in attendance fully eight per 
 cent. 
 
 No reasonable expense has been spared by the citizens of Man- 
 chester to render the working of their schools perfect. It must be 
 a subject for congratulation to a people who made such sacrifice of 
 time and money, to behold the result of their own earnestness in 
 tlie matter, and the zeal manifested by the township school officials 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1329 
 
 and the teachers in charge. Parents throughout the township 
 must convince themselves that the absence of eight children 
 in every 100 of school age is not in accord with their 
 own or their country's interest. They must co-operate with the 
 School Board and the teachers in the desire of the latter to have 
 a regular attendance, so that the children may advance together 
 toward a knowledge of such studies as may prepare them for the 
 duties of citizenship. 
 
 CHUECHES. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church. — The Presbyterian society may be 
 said to have been organized at the house of Mr. Root, Dec. 27, 1835. 
 Eev. A. B. Corning was appointed Moderator, and Wm. Page, 
 of Ann Arbor, Clerk. The meeting resolved to establish the iirst 
 Presbyterian Church of Bridgewater and" Sharon, when the follow- 
 ing named persons subscribed to the roll of membership; — 
 Wm. J. Durand, Abijah Marvin, Wm. Kuckman, Phoebe 
 Euckman, Micah Porter, Charlotte Porter, John McMahon, Ann 
 Annabil, Betsey Dorr, Lucinda Root, Bennett F. Poot, William 
 Poot, Mrs. Wm. Eoot, Phoda Eoot, William F. Crafts, Lucinda 
 Crafts and John Puckman. 
 
 The first minister was Pev. A. B. Corning, employed by the 
 jChurch and society April 3, 1836. His pastorate extended over 
 three years. 
 
 In January, 1838, the society petitioned the State Legislature to 
 enact that the original name of the Church and society be changed 
 from that of Bridgewater and Sharon to that of Manchester. 
 
 About three months ofter the organization of the Church, Abijah 
 Marvin, Wm. Eoot, and Wm. S. Crafts were elected ruling elders, 
 and Mr. Corning received a call as its minister. The latter resigned 
 in August, 1839, and since that period the pastorate has been filled 
 by the following: 
 
 Eevs. A. B. Corning, 183.5; Silas Woodbury, 1839; Henry 
 Tucker, 1845; W. S. Tavlor, 1846; Samuel Fleming, 1849; W. 
 Wastel], 1852; J. W. Baynes, 1854; W. S. Clark, 1857; Benj. Eus- 
 sell, 1858; E. S. McCarthy, 1864; J. Gordon Jones, 1866; T. L. 
 Waldo, April 16, 1871; Prof. J. Estabrook, May 11, 1873: D. P. 
 Shrop, Oct. 31, 1875; E. P. Goodrich, Dec. 3, 1876; W. F. Ma- 
 thews, Nov. 16, 1879. 
 
 In 1840 John Howland, Bennett F. Root, and Wm. Euckman 
 were elected ruling elders; m 1846, Mr. Van Horn and Lewis Al- 
 len; in 1856, W. D. Clark, Lewis A. Euckman, Abram Brumfield, 
 and J. J. Clarkson. The present officers of the society are:— J. 
 McLean, W. H. Pottle, N. H.Wells, S. W. Clarkson, Joseph McMa- 
 hon, and S. H. Perkins, Trustees; S. W. Clarkson, Treasurer and 
 Clerk. J. J. Clarkson, J. McLean, Elders. Eev. W. F. Mathews, 
 S. S. Superintendent. 
 
i330 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1839, with 
 Eev. Geo. Bradley, Pastor; Samuel Doty, Class-leader; and nine 
 members, comprising Samuel and Mrs. Doty, Mr. and Mrs. Le 
 More, Thomas and Mrs. Ingraham, Prosper Wheeler and wife, and 
 Miss Le More. 
 
 The first meeting-house was erected in 1854, at a cost of $1,600. 
 An addition was built 10 years later, which with other improve- 
 ments entailed an outlay of $1,600. 
 
 The pastorate of the Church since Mr. Bradley's time has been 
 filled by Kevs. Isaac Bennett, Bessey, E. Steele, — Brown, Loren- 
 zo Davis, — Stambaugh, i^oah Fassett, — Gillett, — Kingsley, A. 
 H. Shaw, I. H. Burham, — Wortley, — Washburne, G. W. Lowe, 
 Q. C. Abbott, Kobei-t Triggs, Thomas Wakely, C. M. Anderson, 
 Wm. Donnelly, Geo. Field, Wm. Fox, C. Mosier, I. H. Scott, F. 
 W. Warren, J. C. Wortley, — Dunning. 
 
 The present officers of the church are: — Rev. J. H. McElwaine, 
 Pastor; W. H. Shier, Presiding Elder; Geo. Smith, Dr. W. H. 
 Bessac, —Fox, Wm. Gray, and Henry Leeson, Trustees; Amos 
 Dickinson, Wm. Gray, Henry Leeson, and Dr. W. H. Bessac, 
 Steward; Amos Dickinson and David Burger, Class-leaders. S. S. 
 Supt., Wm. Crafts. 
 
 The Universallst Church. — A primary meeting was held March 
 15, 1846, in accord with the laws of the State when Chandler Car- 
 ter, Wm. S. Stowell, and Russell Bodine issued a call for the lirsU 
 meeting of the society of the Universallst Church. This was held at 
 Manchester, March 31, 1846. Barnabas Case presided, with Dr. 
 W. S. Stowell, clerk. Talmon Case moved that the meeting ad- 
 journ to April 2, when the members assembled at the old school- 
 house. At this adjourned meeting Chandler Carter and T. L. Spaf- 
 ford were appointed a committee to decide upon the qualification 
 of voters. The names of voters qualified were: Thomas L. Spafford, 
 Jos. S. Clark, Wm. Andrews, Tolman Case, Franklin Freeman, 
 Wm. S. Stowell, Chandler Carter, Barnabas Case, Thomas Morgan, 
 Russell Bodine, Morgan Carpenter and Alanson Case. The officers 
 elected were: Thomas L. Spafford, Trustee, for three years ; Chand- 
 ler Carter, for two years; and Alanson Case, for one year. This 
 body appointed Wm. S. Stowell as Clerk. Rev. T. C. Adams was 
 the first pastor. He was succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. J. B. 
 Gillman, Rev A. W. Mason, Rev. Asa Countryman and Rev. Wm. 
 Gibbs. Of these gentlemen Rev. Mr. Gillman officiated as pastor 
 tor for over 25 years. The cost of the church building was 
 $1,200. The present officers are W. H. Webb, Wm. S. Stowell 
 and Mrs. D. W. Morgan, Trustees; Wm. S. Stowell, Clerk. 
 
 German Lutheran Church was established in 1866 by Rev. G. 
 Hildnor, with Fred Kurfess, Mrs. Kurfess, Mrs. Heimendinger, 
 John Moehn, John Schlicht and others as first members. The pas- 
 tors of thechnrch since Mr. Hildnor's time have been Rev. John 
 ISTeuraann, Rev. Mr. Edelstien, and the present pastor. Rev. Philip 
 Werheim. An old building was moved to the present site on 
 
MANCHESTEE TOWNSHIP. 1331 
 
 "Wolverine street, in 1866, which was refitted in 1876, and now 
 forms the present church buildino;. The value of the church prop- 
 erty is set down at $1,500. The present officers are Messrs. 
 Schlieht, Heimlinger, Keck and Ahrans. 
 
 The Societi/ of the Episcopal Church was organized here in 
 1867. The membership is not large. 
 
 The Catholic Church. — The Catholic mission of Manchester was 
 established in 1870, with Rev. Yan Liew as pastor. At that time 
 the congregation comprised, among others, Wm. Kirchgessner, Geo. 
 and Peter Cash, M. Daly, James Kelly, M. Kirk, Wm'. Kirk, John 
 Kirk, M. Egan, P. McMahon, L. Kirk, R. Green, Conrad Lehn, 
 John Haag, Charles Singer, the Kavenagh brothers, with 10 
 other families. Rev. Mr. Algyre succeeded Mr. Liew in the pas- 
 torate, and under his administration the present church was built 
 in 1876. Rev. P. B. Murray, of Ypsilanti, was the visiting pas- 
 tor in 1876-'7, when the Rev. Father Lichtner was appointed pastor 
 of the Churches of Manchester and Freedom. Rev. Mr. Bruck came 
 in 1878 and continued to administer to the two parishes nntil July, 
 1880, when Rev. Mr. Strauss, the present pastor, was appointed. 
 The church is located one-half mile from the business center of 
 Manchester village. The cost of the building was $1,200, with 
 furnishings valued at $400. 
 
 The Baptist Church was organized Feb. 17, 1836, at a meet- 
 ing held within the dwelling-house of James Stevens. Previ- 
 ously the services of the Church were given at the houses of David 
 Fitzgerald and James Stevens. The membership roll of the Church 
 as organized in 1836 comprised the names of James and Mrs. 
 Stevens, James Rowland, Sophia Fellows, Josephine Fellows, 
 Samuel Palmer, Mrs. Palmer, Wm. Palmer, David and Mrs. Fitz- 
 gerald. The first resident pastor was Rev. Mr. Hamlin ; Amos 
 Walker, first clerk. 
 
 The name of the society was changed, Jan. 23, 1838, from 
 the "First Baptist Church of the North Bend of the Raisin," to 
 the "First Baptist Church and Society of Manchester." Previous 
 to 1838 the Church had been a branch of the Clinton Church, 
 Rev. R. Powell organizing the Church and being its preacher. 
 The pastors succeeding Mr. Powell are as follows: Revs. Robt. 
 E. H. Hamlin, J. T. Fulton, Thomas H. Facer, 1842 ; W. G. Wis- 
 ner, 1848 ; Rev. E. Royce, 1851 ; E. Tenney, 1855 ; J . Smith, 1862 ; 
 J. Bloomer, 1866 ; Wm. Tilley, 1867 ; A.' McLearn, 1868 ; J. M. 
 Titterington, 1870 ; L. P. Tompkins, 1873 ; F. S. Lyon. 1878 ; Wm. 
 L. Palmer, 1879-'81. C. M. Fellows, 1880, Clerk ; AVm. Palmer, 
 Reverend Gillen, and O. Bivins, Deacons. Mrs. Sophia Fellows 
 is the only survivor of the first members of this Church at Man- 
 chester. 
 
 SECEET SOCIETIES. 
 
 Manchester Lodge, No. 148, F. c6 A. M., was organized Dec. 
 3, 1862. The charter members were: — J. B. Gilman, W. M. ; J. 
 
1332 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 D. Yan Duyn, S. W.; S. Fitzgerald, J. W.; J. A. Lynch, Treas.; 
 P. F. Blosser, Sec; "Nelson Bryan, S. D.; Volney Chapman, J. 
 D.; Andrew Robison and Sam. H. Perking, charter members. 
 The organization now numbers 69. The officers are: W. H. 
 Webb, W. M.; 0. W. Case, S. W.; W. H. Pottle, J. W.; J. H. 
 Kingsley, Treas.; G. W. Doty, Sec; S. W. Clarkson, S. D. ; J. 
 
 A. Field, J. D.;-B. G. Lovejov, E. E. Root, Stewards; E. G. Oarr, 
 Tyler. 
 
 Meridian Chapter, No. 48, R. A. M., was organized April 5, 
 1867. Charter members were:— P. F. Blosser, H. P.; J. W. Scott, 
 K.; L. D. Watkins, S.; Albert Case, C. of H.; J. D. Van Duyn, 
 P. S.; J. S. Case, R. A. C; H. 0. Calhoun, M. 3d 7.; Emmett Y. 
 Palmer, M. 2d V.; Arthur Case, M. IstY.; J. B. Gilman, Sec. 
 It now numbers 35 members. Its present officers are; — P. F. 
 Blosser, H. P.; Arthur Case, K; E. P. Crafts, S.; M. D. Case, 
 Treas.; S. W. Clarkson, Sec; Albert Case, C. of H.: J. D. Yan 
 Duyn, P. S.; J. F. Nestell, R. A. C; II. C. Calhoun, M. 3d. Y- 
 C. W. Case, M. 2d Y.; W. H. Pottle, M. IstY.; E. G. Carr, Sen- 
 tinel. 
 
 Adoniram Council, No. 24, JR. (& S. M. was organized April 
 16, 1868. Charter members were:— J. D. Yan Duyn, T. I. G. 
 M.; J. W.Scott, D. I. G. M.; P. F. Blosser, P. C. W.; H. 0. 
 Calhoun, C. of G.; M. C. Dawes, Treas.; I. C. Haight, Rec; 
 J. Houghtaling, C. of C; E. P. Crafts, Steward; Arthur Case, 
 Sentinel. It now numbers 27 members, and its present officers 
 are:— J. D. Yan Duyn, T. I. G. M.; Arthur Case, D. T. I. G. 
 M.; P. F. Blosser, P. C. W.; Albert Case, Treas,; Mat. D. Blos- 
 ser, Rec; H. C.Calhoun, C. of G.; B. G. l^ovejoy. C. of C; A. 
 
 E. Hewett, Steward; E. G. Carr, Sentinel. 
 
 Raisin River Lodge, No. 27, /. 0. 0. F., was organized Oct. 2, 
 1847, with six charter members. The following officers were elected: 
 Noble Grand, Calvin Townsend; Yice Grand, John P. Kief ; Re- 
 cording Secretary, Joseph S. Clark; Treasurer, Samuel R. Perkins. 
 The lodge was disbanded Sept. 12, 1851, but re-established March 
 15,1872, with live charter members. The following officers were 
 then elected: JSToble Grand, A. T. Bruefal; Yice Grand, G. W. 
 Doty; Recording Secretary, William N. Yanhorn ; Treasurer, W. 
 L. Stowell. From this time forward the lodge prospered, and now 
 numbers over 40 members. Meetings are held each Friday even- 
 ing, and at the last election the following officers were chosen: 
 Noble Grand, A. Conklin; Yice Grand, M. Y. Blosser; Recording 
 Secretary, J. R. Jaynes; Treasurer, J. Gurdinere; Permanent Sec- 
 retary, G. W. Doty. 
 
 Manchester Lodge, No. 53, A. 0. TI. W., was organized Aug. 13, 
 ]87S, with 20 charter members, viz.: James L. Stone, M. D. Case, 
 E. B. Norris, Geo. J. Haeussler, Geo. Nisle, Edwin E. Root, J. H. 
 Kingsley, N. Schmid, J. C. Gordouier, H. L. Rose. Conrad Lehn, 
 
 B. G. Lovejoy, Wm. Neebling, S. W. Lockwood, Wm. Kirchgess- 
 ner, J. J. Reichart, Theodore Morschhauser, C. F. Kapp, Henry 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1333 
 
 Kirchoffer and A.E.Hewitt. The charter officers were: — James 
 L. Stone, P.M. W.; M. D. Case, M. W.; E. B. Morris, G. F.; Geo. 
 J. Haeussler, O. ; E. E. Koot, Recorder; jST. Schmid, Receiver; J. 
 H. Kingsley, Financier;- J. C. Gordonier, Guide; Geo. Nisle, I. S. 
 ^y. ; H. L. Rose, O. S. W. ; Dr. C. F. Kapp, Physician. The pres- 
 ent roll of membership comprises 35 names. The list of officers for 
 1881 is as follows: — Wm. Kirchgessner, P. M. W.; J. C. Gordonier, 
 M. W.; H. L. Rose, G. F.; B. G. Lovejoy, O.; E. E. Root, Re- 
 corder; Geo. Haeussler, Receiver; JST. Schmid, Financier; H. 
 Kirchoffer, Guide; Fred Scheible, I. S. "W.; Jacob Rammel, O. S. 
 W., and J. H. Kingsley, D. to G. L. 
 
 The order of United Workmen has made steady progress since 
 its organization here. The members have shown a remarkable 
 unity of sentiment, and so the lodge has gained a place in popular 
 esteem which may contribute, within a short period, to win such 
 members to its ranks as may obtain for it one of the highest places 
 among the 82 lodges of Michigan. This fact will become moi'e 
 evident when it is remembered that the order rents one of the 
 principal halls in the village, which was dedicated Dec. 2, 1879. 
 
 PERSONAL NOTICES. 
 
 Biographical notices of a number of old settlers and prominent 
 residents follow here, as an essential part of the history of Man- 
 chester township. 
 
 T. S. Allen was born in Seneca Co., N. Y., Oct. 17, 1830. In 1832 the family 
 moved to this county. His parents were John and Catherine (Melick) Allen, na- 
 tives of New Jersey. He was reared in this county and educated at Leoni, Mich. 
 By occupation he is a contractor and shipbuilder, and helped build the vessels 
 Morning Star, Evening Star and Susanna Ward. He was foreman in Miller & 
 Bros., ship yard in Chicago some years ago. Of late years he has been engaged in 
 house building. In politics he is a Republican. In 1871 he removed to his present 
 farm, where he has since lived. In 1863 he married his second wife. He has 1 
 child. Mrs. Allen is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. He resides on 
 sec. 80. 
 
 John Antcliff was born in England in 1835. His parents were William and 
 Sarah (Turner) Antcliff. In 1851 he came to America, and in 1852 to this county 
 and settled in Manchester tp , on sec. 19, where he has a fine farm with first-class 
 out-buildings. In politics he is a Democrat. He was married in 1871 to Mrs. 
 Lydia (Reed) Wiltse, a daughter of David Reed, who came to this county in 1829. 
 
 S'imuel Antcliff, farmer on sec. 30, was born in England in 1846. His parents 
 were William and Sarah (Turner) Antcliff. He lived in England until 1863, when 
 the family came to America and settled in Manchester tp., in this county. In 1864 
 he enlisted in Company E, 13th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and was with Sherman on 
 his " march to the sea." He started in life without anything and now has a fine 
 farm. He was mari-ied in 1869 to Miss Sarah Ada Johnson, daughter of William 
 Johnson. She was a native of New York, and of English descent. To them have 
 been bom 1 son — William John. 
 
 Oscar H. Binins, Manchester, was born at New Berlin, N. Y., in 1828. His 
 parents were Ebenezer and Abigail (Blakeslee) Bivins, the former being in the 
 drug business. When Oscar was eight years of age, the family removed to Hamil- 
 ton, N. Y., and two years later to Erie county, where Mr. Bivins was reared and 
 educated. In 1836 the family came to Michigan and located in Lenawee county. 
 In 1841 they purchased land in Bridgewater tp., in this county, where Mark 
 Dewey now resides. There Mr. Bivins lived until 1864, and there his father died. 
 
1334 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 His mother now lives with him and is over 81 years old. In 1864 he moved to a 
 farm in Manchester tp., which he still owns. In 1877 he removed into Manches- 
 ter village. Mr. Bivins is a member of the Baptist Church, of which he is a 
 Beacon, and has long been a prominent member. In 1846 he married Delila A. 
 Kull — daughter of Daniel Rull, an early settler of Manchester. To them have 
 been born 4 sons and 1 daughter, of which 1 son and the daughter are living. 
 
 Charles Bostedor was born in New York in 1835, and is a son of John and 
 Nancy Bostedor, natives of the Empire State, and of German descent. When 
 one year old, Mr. Bostedor was taken by his parents to Jackson county, Mich., 
 where he remained until 1868, the date of his removal to this county. In 1858 
 he married Emily Hay, who bore him 2 children, 1 of whom is living. Mrs. 
 Bostedor died in 1865, and in 1868 Mr. B. was married to Mary Grooves. They 
 have 1 child— Frank. Mr. Bostedor owns 95 acres of land on sec. 34. 
 
 Michael Brenner, Manchester,was born in Scio tp. in 1853. His father settled there 
 in 1848, and followed his trade of shoemaker some time. He then purchased afarin 
 which he carried on until 1865, when he died. Mr. Brenner learned the trade of 
 carpenter, which he followed six years, doing a large business. He then engaged 
 in the threshing and driving-well business. In May, 1880, he rented the Good- 
 year House, which he ran until February, 1881. During his residence in Scio 
 tp., himself and Mr. Staebler built a steam saw-mill, and later he sold his interest 
 to Mr, Stabler. He is now interested in a patent hay elevator. Mr. Brenner is a 
 member of the I. O. O. F., at Ann Arbor; also of Co. A, Mich. State Militia, at 
 the same city. In 1879 he was married to Mary Schenk, of Freedom tp., a 
 daughter of Philip Schenk, an early settler of that section of the county. 
 
 Nathan D. Brower was born in New York in 1800. His parents were Henry 
 and Lydia (Draper) Brower, the former a native of New York, of Holland descent, 
 and the latter of Vermont, of English ancestry. Nathan was. reared and edu- 
 cated in New York, and his early occupation was that of a clothier. In 1835 he 
 came to Michigan, and immediately to Manchester village. He purchased a farm 
 from the Government, on sec. 18, where he now lives. He was married in 1832, 
 to Prudence Saunders. To them were born 3 sons and 3 daughters, of whom but 
 3 sons are living. They are both farmers in this State. Mrs. Brower died in 
 1870. In politics Mr. B. is a Republican. 
 
 Porter Brower, farmer, sec. 18, was born in this township in 1837. His parents 
 are Nathan and Prudence (Saunders) Brower, natives of New York. In this 
 county he was educated, and reared as a farmer, which occupation he still follows. 
 He is a Republican, and has served as Constable of this township. Dec. 18, 
 1880, he was married to Melinda J. Whitbeck. 
 
 Horatio Burch was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1834. His parents were 
 Merrick and Lucy A. (Mills) Burch, natives of New York, the former of French 
 and the latter of German descent. When six years of age he accompanied his 
 parents to Washtenaw county, where he was reared and educated. He spent one 
 term in the University of Michigan, and is a proficient bookkeeper. Mr. Burch 
 and his brother Charles own 160 acres of land on sec. 9, of this tp. He was 
 married in 1876 to Christina George. They have 4 children. Mr. Burch has been 
 Supervisor for nine consecutive years. 
 
 John Barkhardt, dealer in all kinds of furniture, Manchester, was born in Free- 
 dom tp. in 1839. His father, Christian Burkhardt, settled in that tp. about 1833. 
 There Mr. Burkhardt was reared, educated and learned the trade of a carpenter. 
 He did a large business in contracting, building many houses, churches and 
 school-houses. In 1867 he purchased a farm in Manchester tp,, which he tilled 
 until 1870, at the same time working at his trade. In 1870 he moved into the 
 village, and in 1875 embarked in his present business. In 1879 he built the store 
 he now occupies, 23x45 feet in size, and two stories high. He does a fine busi- 
 ness, and in undertaking carries a fine stock of goods. Mr. Burkhardt is a mem- 
 ber of the I. O. O. F., and a member of the Lutheran Church. In 1864 he married 
 Margaret Breitenwisher, of Freedom tp. To them have been born 3 sons and 
 1 daughter, of whom 2 sons are living. 
 
 0. is. Carpenter, blacksmith, ^lanchester, was born in Cattaraugus county, N. 
 Y., in 1833, and soon after accompanied his parents to Genesee county. In 1838, 
 they came to this county, where the father opened a blacksmith shop, which he 
 ran some years. Here Mr, Carpenter was reared, educated and learned the 
 trade of a blacksmith. In 1800 he opened a shop in Sharon tp,, and in 1861 went 
 to Sylvan tp. In 1863 he enlisted in the 4th Reg. Mich. Cav,, and ,';er\'ed until 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1335 
 
 tlie close of tlie war. Reluming to tliis coimtj^ he followed the husiness oi 
 hlacksmith in Bridgewater tp. four j-ears, and then went to Clinton, Midi. In 
 1880 he came to Manchester, where he now carries on business. In 1869 he was 
 married to Phosbe Boucher, of Sharon tp. To them have been born 4 daughters 
 and 3 sons. 
 
 William 8. Oarr, Manchester, was born at New Lebanon, Columbia Co., N. Y., 
 in 1808. His father, Spencer Carr, was a farmer. In 1833 he came to Michigan 
 and located in that part of Bridgewater tp. which was subsequently set off in 
 the town of Manchester. He tooli up land, and himself and brother brought 
 some goods with them and opened a small store, which was the tlrst store in 
 Manchester. In 1834 they gave up the mercantile business, and William engaged 
 in farming, which he followed until 1867. He then removed to Manchester village 
 where he has since remained, being chiefly engaged in real estate. In politics 
 Mr. Carr is -a Democrat. In 1840 he represented this district in the Legisla- 
 ture of Michigan, and in 1850 was a delegate to the State Constitutional Conven- 
 tion. He has also been Supervisor, Alderman and Justice of the Peace. 
 In 1830 he was married to Mary Ann Rowley, of Lebanon, N. Y., who died in 
 1852, leaving 7 children, 6 of whom are now living. In 1853, was again mar- 
 ried, to Mary Conklin, a sister of Dr. Couljlin, of Manchester. To them have 
 ■been born 2 sons and 1 daughter, of whom only 1 son is living. 
 
 Arthur Case, farmer; residence, Manchester; was born in New York, Nov. 13, 
 1817, and is a son of Benjamin and Anna Olmstead, natives of New England. 
 Mr. Case spent his youth in Monroe county, where he received his early educa- 
 tion. He came to Manchester tp., this county, in 1834, and located on sec. 11. 
 He was married in 1840, to Elizabeth G. Stringham. This union was blessed 
 with 2 children — Antoinette, who is married, and Arthur G. Mrs. Case died 
 April 17, 1850, and he subsequently married Adelia Richmond. They have a 
 pleasant home, and own 80 acres of well-improved land. Mr. Case is a prominent 
 Freemason, and a Democrat. He has held all of the prominent village and tp. 
 offices, and was formerly a hardware merchant of Manchester village for several 
 years . 
 
 A. W. Case (deceased) was born at West Rush, N. Y., October, 1804, where he 
 was reared, educated and learned the milling business. In 1832 he removed 
 to this State and located 160 acres of land, a part of which now lies within the 
 limits of Manchester. This he cleared himself, and followed the occupation of 
 a farmer until his death in July, 1880. In politics Mr. Case was a Democrat. He 
 was married in 1835 to Sophia Markham, of West Rush, N. Y. To them were 
 born 6 sons and 1 daughter, of whom 2 sons are deceased. Of the living, except- 
 ing 2 sons in Missouri, all the children reside at Manchester. 
 
 Cl'trence W. Case, dealer in lumber, sash, doors and lime, Manchester, was born 
 at Manchester in 1849, son of A. W. Case (deceased). He was educated in his 
 native village, and reared on the farm of his father. In 1872 he became a partner 
 with 3Ir. David Dorey, in his present business, and on the death of his partner in 
 1878, became sole proprietor of the business. In 1880 he sold about 600,000 feet 
 of lumber. Mr. Case is a member of Manchester Lodge, No. 148, F. & A. M. In 
 1877 he was married to Dora Robison, of Manchester. To them has been given 1 
 son, Sidney, who was born in 1878. 
 
 iW". D. Case was born in Manchester, in 1838. His parents were Barnabas and 
 Clarissa (Squire) Case, early settlers of this section. Mr. Case was reared and 
 educated in this county, and in 1858 entered the store of Bessacifc Clarkson, mer- 
 chants, where he worked two years. He was a teacher in Wisconsin for one year. 
 Returning to Manchester he entered the employ of Mr. Bessac as clerk, remaining 
 with him three years. He then became bookkeeper for Mr. Brown, and after- 
 ward in the mill until 1871, when he was appointed agent at Manchester of the 
 D., H. & S. W. R. R., and was its first agent in the village. In 1876 he resigned 
 his position, and engaged in the general mercantile business. Mi'. Case is a mem- 
 ber of the Masonic Lodge, Chapter and Council, and also of the A. O. V. W. He 
 has held the office ofSupervisor;TownshipTreasurer, President of the village and 
 other positions. In 1866 he married Lncelia M. Hedon, of Manchester. To them 
 have been born 1 son and 1 daughter. 
 
 WiUiam Chase, farmer, sec. 12, was born in New York July 6, 1831, son of 
 Benjamin and Harriet Chase, natives of New York, and of English ancestry. 
 William received a fair education, and in 1841 settled in Manchester tp. In 1852 
 he went to California, where he remained five years. In returning he took pass- 
 
1336 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 age on the ill-fated vessel Central America, and suffered the untold horrors of an 
 ocean wreck, clinging for six and one-half hours to a board to save his precious 
 life. He was finally rescued, and on his arrival in this county bought a farm on 
 sec. 13 of this tp. He was married in 1859 to Hannah M. Conklin, a native of 
 New York. This union has been blessed with 5 children— Francis H., Benja- 
 min, Abigail, Egbert and Earl F. Mr. Chase is Democratic in politics, and was 
 Township Treasurer for two years. While residing in California he served 13 
 months on the police force. "He owns 90 acres of valuable land. 
 
 Thomas Clark, farmer, sec. 24, was born in England in 1828, and is a son of 
 Joseph and Mary ("Wardle) Clark. He received his schooling in England, and 
 in 1862 married Elizabeth Phillips They have 5 children— Mary E., Thomas P., 
 Jane, Anna and John Franklin. Mr. Clark came to this county in 1850, locat- 
 ing in York tp., and in 1862 in Manchester tp. He owns 164 acres of land, and 
 is Republican in politics. 
 
 Dr. Kbenezer S.Conklin, the third son of Capt, Benjamin Conklin, wasbornat 
 Lenox, Mass., May 4, 1790. "When a boy he learned the wagon-maker's trade, 
 which he pursued for a few years, but soon gave his attention to study and edu- 
 cation, teaching school during a portion of the time, and in the mean time devoted 
 his energies to the study of medicine, having completed which, he married Miss 
 Lucy Winchester, the daughter of Amariah Winchester, of Am'enia, Dutchess 
 Co., N. Y., where he located in the practice of his profession as physician and 
 surgeon. After 25 years of successful practice at this place his health failed him, 
 and in 1831 he was induced to emigrate westward, which he did, and coming to 
 Michigan became one of the first settlers of the tp. of Sharon, in Washtenaw 
 county, where he located some 400 or 500 acres of land. He still continued in 
 the practice of his profession, though surrounded by the wilds of a frontier life 
 and but a few families near him, at this time being the only physician in South- 
 ern Washtenaw. As one of its citizens he held many positions of honor and 
 trust, and his history is closely identified with that of Sharon itself Through 
 his influence and eiibrts it received its name. 
 
 Living upon his farm four miles north of Manchester, he managed his agricult- 
 ural aftairs and followed his profession rmtil he died, in June, 1851, at the age 
 of 61 years, leaving a wife and 5 children, as follows: Amariah Conklin, born 
 Jan. 20, 1822; Cynthia Conklin, Dec. 2, 1824; Goodrich Conklin, Dec. 19, 1826; 
 Mary Conklin, .July 19, 1828 ; and Ebenezer Conklin, Oct. 27, 1886, all of whom 
 are living in Manchester at present, with families, save Cj'nthia, who died Feb. 
 23, 1860, as the wife of Franklin Freeman, to whom she was married Feb. 12, 
 1851. The other daughter (Mary) is the wife of William S. Can-, in the western 
 part of the village. He was a very active businessman, progressive in his views 
 of medicine, a man that read and thought a great deal outside of medicine, was 
 verj' liberal in his views, and kind but firm in his family. 
 
 Amariah Conklin, the first son of Dr. Ebenezer H. and Lucy Conklin, was born 
 in Amenia, Dutchess county, N. Y., Jan. 20, 1822, where he spent his younger 
 days, till he came to Michigan with his father's family, then consisting of the 
 parents and 4 children, 2 boys and 2 girls. From this time till he took up the study 
 of medicine he remained with his father upon the farm, where he became acquainted 
 with the hardships of frontier life. He helped to clear up the farm and afterward 
 had the management of it, till he decided to study for the profession, in which he 
 completed his studies and began the practice in June, 1849, having given it his 
 time for several years previous, and the last two at the Medical University of N. Y. 
 
 June 7, 1853, he was married to Lovina A. Carpenter, this village, where he was 
 located in the practice of medicine and surgery. After living here for three years 
 he moved into Sharon with his wife and 1 child, upon a portion of the farm owned 
 by his father, where he remained seven years, having an office in the village and 
 doing a very extensive business in his profession. In 1861 he moved to the village 
 again, having at this time 3 children, where he remained about three months, and 
 being unable to ride much on account of his poor health, again moved upon his 
 farm, where he resumed the practice of his profession again, having partially re- 
 gained his health; but in the winter of 1871-'2 he took his family, comprising 
 4 children, 2 boys and 2 girls, to the village for the purpose of giving them a better 
 education. His family consists of the following : Ebenezer M. Conklin, born Jan 
 1, 1855; Amariah B.,Sept. 16, 1857; L. Sophia, Nov. 18, 1859, and Julia M., June 
 13, 1867. The 3 eldest are graduates of the Union school, and the 2 sons in the 
 practice of medicine and surgery, the former a graduate of Bennett Medical College 
 
it»tf1i$ 
 
 A / 'at • '' - *" 
 
 J ' 
 
 '4T' 
 
 ^^^^i^^ 
 
 
 -;. v^l 
 
 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1339 
 
 of Chicago, and the Medical Institute of Cincinnati, and now practicing in Tecum- 
 seh, and the latter a student of both institutions and a graduate of the latter; he is 
 now located in the practice of his profession with his father in this village. 
 
 Like his father, the subject of this sketch has been a man of study and thought, 
 and has done much to liberalize the practice of medicine in this county, believing 
 in standing by the right though he stood alone, which he did for a long time in the 
 practice of his profession as an Eclectic. He started as a poor man in the midst of 
 men of years and experience, whose combined influences were against him because 
 he believed medicine should progress the same as any other branch of science; but 
 as liberal medicine must triumph, it did through him, as the extent and success of 
 his practice for years will show; and those who in his younger days opposed him 
 with the bitterest hatred have coincided with him, and even now employ him in 
 their declining years. 
 
 As a public man he has filled many honorable positions, being a strong advocate of 
 anti-slavery principles during the war. He has always been connected with the 
 educational interests of his community, both as a patron and as a strong supporter 
 of education and free schools ; is a temperance man, though no temperance worker. 
 So also, like his father, his views have always tended toward ' 'Liberalism," though 
 the Church has always received favors from him, as has the world at large from 
 his being generous to a fault with all. Is now 59 years old. 
 
 A portrait of ]Mr. Conklin appears in this volume, on page 1227. 
 
 Marvin Gooley, sec. 34 ; P. O., Clinton ; was born at Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., in 
 1830. His parents were Charles and Electi (Goodell) Cooley, natives of New 
 York and Massachusetts. In 1844 the family came to Michigan, locating at Ann 
 Arbor. Here Mr. Cooley grew to manhood and lived until 1854. He then re- 
 moved to Franklin, Lenawee Co., where he lived two years. He then went to 
 Brooklyn, Jackson Co., where he followed farming about three years. He then 
 went to Woodstock, Lenawee Co., where he was engaged in farming and thresh- 
 ing until 1870, when he purchased a farm in Manchester, where he has since lived. 
 Mr. Cooley started poor and now has 333 acres of fine land well supplied with 
 buildings and stock. He makes a specialty of fine Merino sheep, of which he has 
 a verj' fine flock. In politics is a Democrat and has held several offices in the 
 town, now being a Justice of the Peace. Is a member of Clinton Lodge, No. 75, 
 P. & A. M., and also a Mark Master in the Chapter. In 1854 he was married to 
 M'S3 Jane Moore, of Brooklyn, .Jackson Co., a daughter of James Moore, an old 
 pioneer of this part of Michigan. To them have been born 4 sons, all of whom 
 are living. The eldest son is married, but all live at home with their parents. 
 
 Lorenzo H. Coon was bom at De Ruyter, Madison Co., N. Y., in 1811, His 
 parents were John and Sarah (Carpenter) Coon, and were old residents of Cortland 
 county. In 1836 his parents came to Michigan and located at Parma, Jackson 
 county. In 1837 they came to Manchester tp. and purchased land. In 1842 Mr. 
 Coon purchased a farm in the eastern part of Jackson county, where he lived until 
 1853 He then came into the township of Manchester, where he still owns land. 
 In 1875 he came into Manchester village to live ; was Commissioner of Highways, 
 but has generally kept out of pohtics. In 1849 lie was married to Mary Phelps, a 
 native of Chau'auqua Co., N. Y. To them have been born 2 sons. By a former 
 marriage he has 1 daughter now living. Mrs. Coon's ancestors, the Phelpses and 
 Adamses, date back in America to 1630, only 10 years after the landing of the Pil- 
 grims at Plymouth Rock. 
 
 Hon. Jeremiah D. Corey is among the early pioneers of this locality. He was 
 born in Onondaga county, X. Y., in 1816. His parents were Peleg and Sarah 
 (Bpaulding) Corey, the former a native of Rhode island, and the latter of the 
 " Empire State." Mr. Corey received an academic education in his native State, 
 and in 1833 came to Jlichigan. He located in Lodi, and subsequently in Sharon 
 tp., on the farm now owned by O. L. Torrey, where he resided until 1844, when 
 he removed to Manchester tp., and in 1868 to Manchester village. He was a 
 farmer in early life, and is still interested in that business. During his early 
 residence in this county he taught school for several terms, having at one time 104 
 pupils, many of whom now have grandchildren in the schools of "Washtenaw 
 counly and elsewhere. In 1840 he was severely ill, and looks back to the care and 
 kindness bestowed upon him by Dr. Bessac and others, through whose attentions 
 he was brought back to strong health. In early days himself and brother " kept 
 bachelor's hall," but that was ended by his marriage, in 1844, to Elizabeth A. 
 Gage. Two children were born to this union — a daughter, now the wife of O. L 
 77 
 
1340 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Torrey, and Jay, a business man of Manchester. Mr. Corey votes the Democratic 
 ticket, "straight," and in 1866 was elected from this district as Kepresentative of 
 tike Michigan Legislature. In 1874 he was elected State Senator. During his 
 official career he introduced several important bills and resolutions, one of which 
 was for the construction of a ship canal across the Southern boundary of the lower 
 peninsula of Michigan Since his residence in Manchester he has done much to 
 forward its interests. He gave $4,000 for the construction of the D., H. & S. W. 
 railroad, and also much time. He was the first Director to represent Manchester, 
 and has been the only one. He is a Director in the People's Bank of Manchester, 
 with which he has been connected for some time. Mr. Corey has been very system- 
 atic in his business operations, and since his marriage has kept a minute account 
 of all moneys expended for business and home expenses, not including that 
 invested in real estate, stocks, etc., and on April 1, 1881, the amount was $46,- 
 661.75 Mr. Corey's business life has been a success. He began life with nothing 
 but his own brain and muscle, and has acquired a competency sufficient for the 
 remainder of life. He is a man of active, energetic habits; full of integrity and 
 honor, and well worthy the emulation of the rising generation. 
 
 Ji'hn W. Gowai, fa-mer and stock-raiser, was born in Washington Co., N. Y., 
 in 1832, the 3d son of John M. and Elizabeth (Greene) Cowan, natives of the 
 same county, and occupants of a farm. They moved to Onondaga Co. when J. 
 W. was nearlj' five j-ears of age, and in a few weeks to Monroe Co., 12 miles 
 west of Rochester, and took a farm of 300 acres. Here Mrs. C. died, leaving 8 
 children — 3 sons and 5 daughters. The family then moved back to Onondaga 
 Co., where Mr. C. married again, and in the autumn of 1837 he, with wife and 3 
 children, emigrated to Michigan, the other children to follow the next spring. 
 They came by wagon along the lake shore, when the roads were bad, requiring 
 four days to cross the Maumee swamps. Startling rumors were rife at this time 
 of Fenian invasions into Canada, and the route of the emigrants was thronged 
 with demoralized troops from the Canadian border. The family arrived in Man- 
 chester, Jan. 30, 1838. In 1863, after a long and eventful life, Mr. Cowan died, 
 and the surviving widow died some time afterward in New York State. 
 
 At the the time of his father's death the subject of this biography was in Ms 
 21st year, and had not a dollar of capital ; but with those stern qualities of mind 
 which characterize a hero, he went forth to the battle of life, first finding work 
 in the employ of Lewis Allen and Nichols Baker, for two and a half years, at |10 
 to $13 a month, next buj^ing a horse and a half interest in a threshing-machine, 
 and following threshing and teaming for a time. He thus made $r> a day a large 
 portion of the time ; was encouraged to increase his business, and he spent a por- 
 tion of the winters in teaming and dealing in dried fruit from Ohio, which he 
 exchanged for lumber, shingles and furs, in the northwestern j)ortion of the 
 State. He invested his surplus means in real estate. He went to school during 
 the winters of 1847 and 1848 at Ypsilanti and Kalamazoo, graduating at the Nor- 
 mal school. The wintei- of 1848-'9 he visited the scenes of his boyhood in the 
 Empire State. In 1851 he married Dorcas M. Thompson, an estimable lady of 
 Dexter; they had 1 child, Katie E., a very promising girl, who died in 
 the 11th year of her age, of diphtheria. In 1849 Mr. Cowan bought the Stockwell 
 place in Manchester, consisting of a store and dwelling house. A short time 
 previously he had purchased a stock of bankrupt goods of the noted Zachariah 
 Chandler, but in 1853 a fire burnt him out. Nothing daunted, however, he went 
 to work with a courageous heart, farming, then in rapid succession carriage- 
 making, meat-marketing, running a livery stable, making brick, auctioneering, 
 building and contracting — in all these assisting to rebuild Manchester after the 
 great fire of 1853, which burned up the business portion of the place. He has 
 been liberal in public enterprises, donating at one time $3,000 to the building of 
 the D. & H. railroad. At one time he owned as much as 1,500 acres of farm land, 
 a portion of which was laid oif and sold for village lots; he has dealt largely in 
 real estate, and although he has met with many losses, he still ranks as one'^of the 
 most prosperous citizens of the j^lace. He still owns 300 acres of land and 30 or 
 40 lots in Manchester village. 
 
 Mr. Cowan is liberal toward the Churches with money as well as in spirit ; hag 
 aided in the erection of every church in the village; built the first public hall, 
 heljied procure the first printing press ; founded and platted that poition of the 
 village of Manchester, where now are the nicest residences of the place. Polit. 
 ically, Mr. Cowan is not ambitious for' prominence, but has always been ready 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 134rl 
 
 to bear his burden of local affairs; has been Justice of the Peace, Notary Pulilic, 
 etc. He never turns the poor awaj' hungry from his door, or refuses employ- 
 ment to them if it was possible for him to find it. 
 A portrait of Mr. Cowan is given on page 1301 of this volume. 
 Samuel W. Dorr, of Manchester, Mich., born at Keene, N. H., Jan. 20, 1823, 
 the eighth son of Solomon F. and Elizabeth (Wilson) Dorr, the former of Brook- 
 iield, Mass., born at that place July 24, 1785, and the latter born at Keene, N. H., in 
 1782. The father, mother and three youngest sons emigrated to Michigan in the 
 spring of 1834 ; on arriving at Detroit, the five found the money in all their purses 
 amounted to only $1.70, which was divided as follows ; One dollar and fifty cents 
 was left the mother to take passage by stage, while the father and three sons had 
 the remaining 30 cents, set out on foot for Ypsilanti, where Albert an elder brother, 
 then lived, and where the four arrived, weary and hungry, some time during the 
 following night, and the mother arrived the following day. In the spring of 
 1835 the family removed to Manchester and located on sec. 18, The subject of 
 this sketch, then a lad of 12 years, received a common-school education, taught a 
 disti'ict school five winters, purchased 40 acres of land, commenced farming for 
 himself at the age of 20, and soon made additions to his originally small place. 
 In 1849 he married Miss Elizabeth A. Blj'th, of Franklin, Lenawee county. 
 Of their large family of 10 children, 6 sons and 4 daughters, only 4 survive. 
 The eldest daughter, Helen, is the wife of Wm. E. Pease ; and the other daughter, 
 Ettie, married B. F. Mattison. By untiring perseverance he became a practical 
 and successful farmer of 230 acres, one of the best farms of Washtenaw county. 
 From his earliest childhood being a great lover of fruit, as soon as he became the 
 possessor of a piece of land, he made it his first business to plant an apple and 
 peach orchard, and from time to time has made additions ; at the present he 
 has 30 acres of one of the most productive and profitable orchards of the State. 
 He is one of the active pomologists, and at present President of the Washtenaw 
 County Pomological Society, and one of the Vice-Presidents of the -State Horti- 
 cultural Society, of which he'is a life-member, and with which he has ever iden- 
 tified himself since its existence. Mr. Dorr is also extensively engaged in 
 sheep-raising. 
 
 Politically, he is a Republican; liberal and charitable in his religious views; 
 professionally, a Free- Will Baptist. 
 
 In common with most Michigan oj'chardists of- late, feeling the great need of 
 a cheap, practical store-house for keeping winter fruit, he resolved in 1880 to 
 build the first house in this part of the State for that purpose, which bids fair 
 to be a success. The house is built on the principle of what is called the " cold- 
 air " system. Using no ice or artificial heat in regulating the temperature, involv- 
 ing no new principle or discovery, merely putting into practical use what has 
 long been known, that in order to pi-eserve fruit for any great length of time the 
 store-room must be kept at a low, even temperature, as near freezing as possible, 
 with sutHcient ventilation to carry off all moisture and impurities, and frost-proof. 
 This house is built in a hillside, descending to the northeast, 24x43, two stories ; 
 the basement of stone 10 feet high by two and one half in thickness, slat fioor 
 two feet above cemented bottom, supported by stone piers, the second story of 
 wood, 13feet high, treble walls 16 inches in thickness, filled with sawdust, slat 
 floor as below. The ventilation is by means of 20 eight-inch sewer tile laid in 
 the walls beneath the floors, the main ventilating pipe of sheet iron two feet 
 in diameter at the base, in the center of the upper room, leading through the at- 
 tic and roof, projecting 10 feet above, with valve to be opened or closed at pleas- 
 ure. The ceiling overhead is packed with sawdust similar to side walls. The 
 doors are all double, one swinging in, the other out ; also windows with close 
 shutters securely packed in winter to exclude light and frost, to obviate the use 
 of boards and studs in forming fruit bins ; 1,000 bushel boxes are filled with fruit 
 and used for that purpose ; the balance of fruit is placed in bulk upon the floors. 
 The capacity ofthe house is about 5,000 bushels, and the cost about $800. The 
 proprietor has been able to keep the temperature of the house for five months 
 during the past winter within 2° of freezing. 
 A portrait of Mr. Dorr appears on page 419. 
 
 B. Q- English, farmer, was born in Ireland, Nov. 14, 1882. His parents, Rich- 
 ard and Susannah (Green) English, emigrated to America in 1836, and settled 
 in this tp. Mr. English was reared in tliis county, and educated in the district 
 schools, and Hillsdale College. He taught school for some time in his early life. 
 He has'been a farmer through life and has been very successful in his business 
 
13J-2 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 operations. He has been Clerk and Trustee of Manchester tp. Mr. English was 
 married in 1857 to Mary Baldwin. Oi' the 5 children born to them, 4 are living. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Eaglish are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church, in which 
 body Mr. E. has been a faithfal and efficient teacher of the Bible class, only miss- 
 ing one Sunday in three years, 
 
 John O. English, farmer, and dealer in fine stock, is among the more substan- 
 tial agriculturists of this section of the county. He was born in Ireland in 1830, 
 and is a son of Richard and Susannah (Green) English. He received his educa- 
 tion in Hillsdale College, where he made a special study of modern and ancient 
 languages, and is a great lover of arc and science. He owns 200 acres of choice 
 land, on which he raises a fine breed of cattle that has taken first premium at 
 State fair. Mr. English was married in 1856 to Cordelia Watkins, a graduate of 
 Oxford College, with whom he lived happily until Feb. 37, 1879, when 
 the Creator of all bade her " Come unto me, and I will give you rest." She was a 
 worthy member of the Free- Will Baptist Church, as is also Mr. English. He has 
 3 adopted children, — Sella and Jerry, the former of whom is attending college. 
 
 Robert English, farmer, sec. 34, was born in Ireland, Aug. 14, 1814. His parents 
 were John and Sarah (Tinkler) English, who came to America in 1834, and set- 
 tled in this county and township. Mr. English located on sec. 36. Later, Robert 
 bought a farm on sec. 30, where he now lives. In 1840 he was married to Mar- 
 garet Lindon, a native of Genesee Co., N. Y. To them have been born 8 children 
 — Francis, Harriet, who married James Wyman, a deceased soldier of the 
 late Rebellion, and Clarissa. His wife is a member of the Free-Will Baptist 
 Church. Mr. English now owns 80 acres of fine laud, well-stocked and supplied 
 with buildings. 
 
 'William J. English is a farmer on sec. 34. He was born in Queen's county, 
 Ireland, in 1830, and came here in an early day, and with his parents, John and 
 Sarah (Tinkler) English, who took up Government land, the patent of which 
 bears the signature of Andrew Jackson, and is in the possession of Mr. English. 
 He worked as a carpenter until 18.34, since which time he has followed farming. 
 He was married Oct. 19, 1853, to Mary Ann Hall. Two children were born to 
 this union — Arthur and Nettie. Mrs. English died in 1859, and July 33, 1860, 
 Mr. E. was joined in the bonds of holy wedlock to Elizabeth M. Hall, a sister of 
 his former wife. Mr. English is a Democrat, and has served as a Justice of the 
 Peace. 
 
 Thomas J. Farrell, livery, feed and sale stable,Manchester,was born at Wheatland, 
 Monroe Co., N. Y., Nov. 39, 1845. His parents were Patrick and Rose (Rafferly) 
 Farrell. His father was engaged in the milling business. In 1855 his parents moved 
 to Michigan, locating at Ann Arbor, where they remained five years. The family 
 removed to Howell, Mich., but the subject of this sketch came to Manchester. 
 For a few years he was employed on a farm, and in 1864 enlisted in the 28th 
 Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., serving till the close of the war. He then returned to Man- 
 chester and subsequently located at Albion, where he remained one year. Upon 
 his return to ]\Ianchester he engaged in his present business, which he has since 
 followed; has been Constable of Manchester tp., and a member of Manchester 
 Lodge, F. & A. 31 , No. 148; also of the A. O. U. W. ; was married July 15, 1869, 
 to Lillie Adams, who died Aug. 37, 1873. Oct. 30, 1874, he married Emily Spaf- 
 ford, of ilanchester. To them have been born 2 daughters and 1 son. 
 
 A. K. Oage, farmer, sec. 8, was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., in 1835, and a 
 son of Amos and Mercy (Wilber) Gage, natives of New York, and of English 
 descent. Mr. Gage came to this county in 1846, and located in Sharon tp., where 
 he remained until 1880, when he sold his farm of 200 acres, and bought 78 acres 
 in this tp. He was married Dec. 3, 1849. Mr. and Mrs. Gage have 3 children — 
 Flora, Carrie and Cora. Both parents are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. 
 Gage was a Justice of the Peace in Sharon tp., and is a firm believer in the prin- 
 ciples oi the Democratic party. 
 
 James W. Qage, who resides on sec. 14, was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., in 
 1830. His pai-ents were Amos and Mercy (Wilber) Gage. Mr. Gage is a carpen- 
 ter and joiner l.>y trade, but has followed farming since 1860. He owns 100 acres 
 of land, and votes with the Republican party. He was married in 1853 to Han- 
 nah Bailey, who has borne him 2 children — ^Louisa Sylvia and James Danforth. 
 
 John, Leroy George, farmer, was born in this coimty in 1839. His parents were 
 William and Nancy (Deats) George. His father was a native of England, and 
 his mother of New Jersey, but of English descent. He was reared and edu- 
 
MANCHKSTEE TOWNSHIP. 1343 
 
 cated in this county, and is by occupation a farmer. In 1862 lie was married to 
 Sarah J. Ayers. To them have been born 3 daughters — Jennie and Natie, and 1 
 son, Freddie. Mr. George is a Democrat in politics, and has been Treasurer of 
 Bridgewater tp. He worlced five years by the month to get his start in life and 
 at present owns 95 acres of land on sec. 17, an undeniable proof of his industry 
 and perseverance. 
 
 Edwin H. Oilbert was born in England in 1831. His parents were Thomas and 
 Martha (Hilman) Gilbert. He was reared and educated in his native country. 
 In 1857 he came to America and the same year to this county and township. 
 He worked for Richard Green live years, never losing a single day's time during 
 that period. In connection with 3Ir. Green he purchased the farm that he now 
 owns of 104i5f acres. He was married in 1863, to Jane Antcliff, of Manchester 
 tp., a daughter of William Antcliff. To them have been born 3 sons and 2 daugh- 
 ters— Martha H., George F., Edwin T. and Emma J. Mr. and :Mrs. Gilbert are 
 both members of the Baptist Church. He is a Democrat in politics. When he 
 landed in: America he had in cash only .'?6. Mr. Gilbert resides on sec. 19. 
 
 Munson Goodyear, jg'^j., Manchester, was born at Reading, Fairfield Co., Conn., 
 Feb. 22, 1815. His parents were John and Eunice (Goodsell) Goodyear. His 
 father served in the war of 1813, and his grandfather in the Revolutionary war. 
 Mr. Goodyear was reared and educated in Connecticut, and there received prac- 
 tical instruction in farm work. In 1846 he came to this county and located in 
 Sharon tp., where he followed farming: until 1860. He then came to Manches- 
 ter, and has since been variously occupied ; has been Highway Commissioner, 
 and has served as Tp. Clerk 16 years ; in 1865 was elected Justice of the Peace, 
 holding the office continuously to the present time. In 1837 he married Louisa 
 Lockwood, of his native place, who died April 14, 1878. To them were born 3 
 sons and a daughter, all of whom are living. Jan. 1, 1879, he was married to 
 Mrs. Marj' Burt, of Jackson, Mich. 
 
 Richard B. Green is a native of England, where he was brought up as a farmer. 
 At the age of 18 he took the first prize at the Ollerton plowing match, Nottingham- 
 shire ; after an absence of 88 years, 36 of which were spent in America, he visited 
 England and attended a plowing match at the same place, as a spectator. At the 
 age of 21 he left England, in company with his eldest sister, her husband and 5 
 children, and landed at Quebec, June 28, 1843, after a voyage of six weeks and five 
 days ; came thence via Montreal, the canal to Kingston, across Lake Ontario to To- 
 ronto, Queenstown, by horse railroad (the only railroad in Canada then) to Chip- 
 pewa, Buffalo and Detroit to Manchester, Mich. On arriving at Buffalo, Mr. 
 Green had not a cent of money, except the " crooked " sixpence. From Detroit out 
 to Manchester he and two others walked, while his sister and the children rode in a 
 wagon. This journey was made during the night and one day, — 13 days from 
 Quebec. On reaching their journey's end Mr. Green was "homesick enough." In 
 this wild West he could see nothing, and hear nothing but about (as it seemed) 50 
 cow-bells. 
 
 He first worked in the harvest field, at 10 shillings a day, for 10 days, then hired out 
 for three months for S38, and next went to cutting cord-wood at 20 cents a cord. 
 He cut 150 cords in three months, and ditched three days during the time, at f 1 a 
 day, and got a pair of new boots for the ditching. He then hired out for one year, 
 for §140, and during the year he did not lose a day. The next year he worked for 
 (now Rev.) P. Van Winkle for ^12\ a month. He cradled 45 acres of wheat, and 
 Mr. V. raked and bound it. They had no help. He subsequent!}' worked for Mr. 
 V. again. 
 
 In 1846 Mr. Green made a profession of religion and joined the Baptist Church, 
 in Manchester, being baptized by Rev. Robert Powell, of Bridgewater. He has 
 been a member of that Church ever since, and a Deacon for the last 12 years. 
 
 In 1840, also, he was married to Anne English, of Manchester, by Mr. Powell. He 
 then bought 40 acres of land and moved upon it, but the title not being good he left 
 it, losing f 150 by the operation. After living on a rented farm three years, be 
 moved to the place he now occupies. To make the first payment on this place he 
 sold wheat at 49 cents a bushel. The first winter on this place he cut and split the 
 rails and laid up a mile of new six-rail fence, overhauled a quarter of a mile of old 
 fence and did all his daily chores. 
 
 In 1861 he had a severe attack of typhoid fever, but, after 15 weeks of sickness he 
 was restored to health, under the care of Dr. A. Conklin, of Manchester. 
 
1344 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW OODNTT. 
 
 In 1876 he attended the exhibition at Philadelphia. In 1878 he visited his native 
 land, in company with his wife and niece, Georgia Chaple. Of an original family of 
 10 they found 3 still living. After visiting many of the most important cities and 
 towns of England and several points in Ireland, Mrs. G.'s native country, they 
 returned quickly and safely to their American home. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Green have reared 3 adopted daughters — Georgia Chaple and 
 Phcebe M. Green. 
 
 Deacon Green is a liberal citizen and a highly esteemed member of the commun- 
 ity. For building the parsonage he gave $1,000, and for the church bell $350; he 
 also contributes largely for both home and foreign missionary work ; has given ^300 
 to the Kalamazoo College. Although he lives six miles from Manchester, he gave 
 $100 toward the construction of the Hillsdale railroad. His farm is an example of 
 neatness unsurpassed,— residence, out-buildings and all. He has a centenni:)! grove 
 of 103 evergreen trees, not one of this setting having died. The trees are 16 feet 
 apart, set quincuncially, in perfect rows. 
 
 Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Green appear in this history, on page 1346-7. 
 
 Robert Oreen, farmer on sec. 19, was born in England in February, 1829, son 
 of the preceding. In England he was reared and received a limited education. 
 He came to America in 1849, and the same year to this township. He then had 
 but two dollars, and now owns 130 acres of land in a high state of cultivation. 
 He is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and a Democrat. He was mar- 
 ried in 1863 to Miss Sarah Cash, who died in 1863. To them was born 1 child, 
 Sarah. For his second wife he married in 1874, Mary A. Reagan, a native of Ire- 
 land. Nine children have been given them. 
 
 Isaac B. Hall, farmer, sec. 13, was born in New York, May 18, 1831, and is a 
 son of Richard and Mary (Beckley) Hall, natives of New York, the former of 
 German and the latter of English-Scotch descent. Mr. Hs'll learned the cooper's 
 trade when young, but of late years has devoted his attention to farming. He came 
 to this county in 1835, where he has since resided, with the exception of one ajid 
 a half years spent in the Union army during the Rebellion. Mr. Hall is a modest, 
 unassuming man, but charitable to all matters worthy of his benevolence. He is 
 a Republican in politics, and the owner of a good farm. He was married in 1871 
 to Melissa Stevens. Mrs. Hall is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. 
 
 James Henderlett, blacksmith, Manchester, was born in Pennsylvania, Jan. 11, 
 1813. His parents were Jacob and Mary (Thomas) Henderlett, his father being 
 a native of New York, and of German descent, and his mother a native of Penn- 
 sylvania, of Holland descent. He was educated and reared in New York State. 
 In 1838 he came to Michigan, locating in Lenawee county, where he lived two 
 years. In 1835 lie came to this village, where he opened a blacksmith shop and 
 has since lived and labored. From 1860 to 1875 he carried on quite an extensive 
 carriage business. In politics is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for Jackson 
 on his second term. In 1838 he was married to Catherine Dudley. To them 
 have been born 1 son, Jtortimer, and a daughter, Emily, deceased. He did the 
 iron work for the first mill in this village. 
 
 William Johnson, farmer on sec. 18, jSIanchester tp., was born in England,, 
 April 9, 1835. He emigrated to America many j'ears ago, and has been a successful 
 farmer of this county for quite a period. He is Democratic in politics, and 
 served as a School Director for five years. He married :\Irs. Thomas Taylor, who 
 was born in [England May 33, 1820, daughter of John Renshaw, by whom he has 
 4 'children— Sarah Ann, Susan Selina, William Thomas and Helen Theresa. 
 Mrs. Johnson had 3 children by her first husband— Martha Ann and Mary Jane. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jolmson are well respected in the neighborhood in which they 
 reside. 
 , Christian F. Kapp, jr., M. V., Manchester, was born in Northfield tp., Wash- 
 tenaw county, in 1846. His parents were Christian F. and Regina (Schlichter) 
 Kapp. In Northfield tp. Dr. Kapp was reared and received his literary educa- 
 tion. In 1873 he entered the medical department of Michigan University, and 
 later went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he graduated from the College of Medicine 
 and Surgery, in 1876. He at once came to Manchester, and has built up a large 
 practice. In 1874 he was married to Julia A. Kempf, a daughter of Frederick 
 Kempf, of Northiield tp. To them have been given 1 son and 1 daughter— Edith 
 May, born Sept. 13, 1876, and Christian Frederick, born Nov. 6, 1879. 
 
 Charles Kingsley (deceased) was born at Canterbury, Windham Co., Conn., in 
 1801. Later, the family removed to Brooklyn, N. Y,,"whprc he ]iv( d until 1828,. 
 
MANCHESTEE TOWNSHIP. 1345 
 
 •when he came to Michigan. He located in Northfield tp., in this county, making 
 an entry of 80 acres of land, on which he lived two years. By trade he was a 
 miller, and Judge Dexter having built a mill at Dexter, he went there and oper- 
 ated it until 1841. He then removed to Sharon tp. where he again engaged in 
 farming. In 1864 he came to Manchester, where he lived a life of retirement 
 until his death, March 6, 1871. In 1833 he was married to Jane Wilson, of Scio 
 tp., a daughter of Thomas and Hannah Wilson, who came here from England in 
 1830. To them were born 3 sons and 1 daughter — Brainard, a resident of Dan- 
 ville, 111.; Mrs. Auna Calkins, of Chelsea, Mich.; Charles J., of Milf rd, Mich., 
 and John H., a business man of Manchester city. While in Sharon 1p Mr. 
 Kingsley held the office of Justice of the Peace 12 years, and Supervisor one 
 term. He was a member of the M. E. Church, and a man noted for his benevo- 
 lence and sincerity of heart. 
 
 William Kirchgesmer, baker and grocer, Manchester, was born at Buchen, Pro- 
 \-ince of Baden, Germany, Dec. 3, 1S45. His brother was engaged in the war of 
 1848, known as the Rebellion of Baden, and like Carl Schurz and others who were 
 in the same, he came an exile to America. His parents too came here in 1851, locat- 
 ing at Monioe, Mich., where ilr. K. was reared and educated. When 13 years of 
 age he learned the baker's trade, remaining at it about four years, excepting six 
 months spent in the South. He then was employed as salesman and bookkeeper 
 at Monroe, in a grocery store, 14 months. In April, 1868, he came to Manchester 
 and opened the first bakery in the village. In 1873 he erected a building for his 
 business and residence, which is one of the best in the village. Mr. Kirchg«ssner 
 has been City Treasurer of the village three terms. He is a member of the A. 
 O. r. W. June 11, 1868, he was united in marriage to Emma Morschheuser, (k 
 Monroe, Mich., a native of Germany, who came to this country in 1863. To them 
 have been given 5 children — William C, born April 28, 1869 ; Helen Amelia, born 
 Dec. 2, 1871; Eugene, born Jan. 29, 1874; Caroline, born Jan. 9, 1876, and Oscar, 
 born Jan. 7, 18T8. His father died at Adrian, in 1874, in his 74th yeai-. His 
 mother died in Germany in 1848. 
 
 Henry Kirchhofer, merchant, Manchester, was born in the Canton of Schaffi. 
 hausen, Switzerland, in 1837. His father was a Lutheran clergyman. When 
 young, Henry traveled over Germany, and in 1858 came to America, locating at 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained three years. In 1861 he went to Missouri, 
 where he bought a farm, but soon enlisted in the 7th Reg. Mo. Cav., and after 
 two years' service was discharged on account of disability. He was in business 
 in Chicago during the great fire in 1871, and lost heavily. He then came to 
 Manchester, and in 1879 established his present business. He also deals exten- 
 sively in wool. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. In 1865 he married Lydia 
 Schmid, of Ann Arbor, daughter of the Rev. Fred Schmid. They have 3 children, 
 all girls. 
 
 Peter Kinhpaugh was born in New Jersey in 1883, son of Jonas and Rachel 
 Onstead, of German descent. Mr. K. was reared and educated in this county, 
 where he owns 280 acres of good land, located on sec. 35, which he purchased in 
 1875. He was married Aug. 27, 1856, to Ann Eliza Lambert. They ha\e -6 chil- 
 dren — John L., George W., Sarah E., Mary, Ansel J. and Albert F. J\Ir. Kish- 
 paugh is a member of no political party. He is giving his children the advantages 
 of a good English education. 
 
 Joseph Kramer, contractor and builder, Manchester, was born in Freedom tp^ 
 Washtenaw Co., in 1845. His parents were Adam and Eve (StifHer) Kramer, 
 who came here from Germany about 1842. There he was reared and educated 
 and also learned the trade of carpenter. In 1865 he began work for himself In 
 his woi kings he has built some of the best stores and houses in Manchester 
 and vicinity. During the season be works 14 men and accomplishes a large 
 amount. He is a member of the Catholic Church and Arbeiter-verein, of Man- 
 chester. He is not a politician, but rotes for the man instead of the party. In 
 18T2 he was married to !Miss Sarah Weis, a daughter of Joseph Weis, of Freedom 
 tp. To them have been born 2 sons and 2 daughters. 
 
 Conrad Lelin, grocer, Manchester, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1834. He 
 was there educated and reared on a farm, his father being a farmer. In 1854 he 
 came to America and at once to Manchester. In 1865 he opened a grocery store* 
 on the east side ol the river. There he remained until 1873, when he built a 
 store 22x85 ft., three stories high, on Exchange place, which he now occupifs as 
 a grocery, restaurant and residence. He is now constructing a building on the 
 
1346 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 north side of Exchange place, 29x80 feet, and two stories high, which will be the 
 finest business block in Manchester. Mr. Lehn has served as v illage Treasurer, also 
 as member of the Council. He is a member of the Arbeiter-verein, A. O. U, W. 
 and the Eoman Catholic Church. In 1855 he married Miagdalena Haag, a native 
 of Baden, who died in 1873, leaving 5 daughters. In 1874 he was married to 
 Katherine Reiter, of Brooklyn, Jackson Co., Mich. To them have been born 3 
 daughters. Mr. Lehn is a man of large influence in Manchester, and has been 
 successful in business. 
 
 Erasmus Logan was born in this county, and is a son of John and Mary (Cooper) 
 Logan. He is a carpenter by trade, and devotes the greater part of his time to that 
 business, although he owns a good farm in Manchester tp. He was married in 
 1867 to Chloe Stringham. They have 3 children — Ella and Mina. Mrs. Logan is 
 a member of the M. E. Church. In 1863 Mr. Logan enlisted in Company B, 20th 
 Reg., Mich. Vol. Inf. ; was wounded in 1863; was a prisoner in Andersonville 
 prison for 18 months, and during this period made two attempts to escape, but both 
 failed. He has been Deputy Sheriff of Washtenaw county, and has held various 
 other positions. 
 
 John Lugan is a life resident of this county and was born in 1837. His parents 
 are John and Mary (Cooper) Logan, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German de- 
 scent. Mr. Logan has been a farmer through life, and owns 260 acres of land on sec. 
 19, in Bridgewater tp. He was married Dec. 25, 1860, to Mary Woodruff, a daugh- 
 ter of Milo Woodruff, who settled in this county in 1846. Three children have 
 been given to this marriage — Elmer, Eddie and Minnie. Mr. Logan is a Democrat, 
 and has served as a School Director for 10 or 13 years. 
 
 Thomas Logan, farmer, on sec. 13, was born in Pennsylvania in 1832. His 
 parents were John and ^lary (Cooper) Logan, who raised a large famil}' of chil- 
 dren, 5 of whom are living and doing well ; 3 are leading farmers of this county, 
 and have made what they now possess by their own individual exertions. Thomas 
 was married in 1861 to Jerusha ]Martin. They have 4 children. Mi'. Logan 
 owned 35 acres of land when he was married, and is now the happy possessor of 
 a fann of 400 acres, on which were raised 3,000 bushels of wheat in 1880. His 
 flock of sheep number 400, and often run to 600. He has been very successful 
 in life, all of which he attributes to his untiring industry and good business 
 management. 
 
 William C. Jiogan, farmer, on sec. 13, was born Feb. 24, 1835, son of John and 
 Mary (Cooper) Logan, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. They 
 came to this count}' in 1835. William worked by the month for two j-ears, to get a 
 start in life, and was subsequently employed as teamster on a railroad for two 
 years. He was married in 1864 to Clara A. Stringham. They have 2 children — 
 Franklin E., who was born Dec. 17, 1865, and Bertie A., born Fe.b. 4, 1870. Mr. 
 Logan is a member of the M. E. Church, and a Democrat. He owns 180 acres of 
 land, with a building thereon casting §3,500. 
 
 Jeremiah Loucks, farmer, on sec. 19, was born in New York Apj'il 3, 1811. 
 His parents were Tunis and Chai-ity (Sun) Loucks, natives of that State and of Hol- 
 land descent. Mr. Louck's education was limited. In 1834 he came to ilichfgan, and 
 when he arrived at Detroit had but one shilling in his pocket. He came to this 
 county, and worked one and a half years, b}' the morth, for William Hulburt. 
 In 1836 he went to Hillsdale Co., and the following year returned to this county 
 and located the laud where he now resides. During the first six months' resi- 
 dence he had no bread, but lived chiefly on potatoes. In politics- he has always 
 been a radical Republican. He was m'arried Oct. 7, 1840, to JIary Haynes, who 
 died in 1881. To them were born 3 sons and 3 daughters — John 11., Eudora 
 Ermina, Elnora !Melissa and Charles G. 
 
 M. H. Mather Avas born in Xew York, Dec. 27, 1833, a son of Peter G. and 
 Angeline (Campbell) Mather, the former of Irish and the latter of Scotch parent- 
 age. jM. H. received a good education, and is a natural mechanic. He can make 
 or manufacture almost auj' kind of wood or machinery, and this endowment 
 often proves of invaluable service to him. He was married Feb. 37, 1856, to Maiy 
 B. Taylor. They have 1 child — Ida M. Mr. Mather came to this tp. in 1858, 
 and now owns 80 acres of land on sec. 11. 
 
 James M. Moore was born in Norvell tp., Jackson Co., Mich., Feb. 7, 1830. His 
 jiareuts were .James and Catherine (English) Moore, natives of Ireland. James 
 11. was reared in Jackson count}-, where he also was educated. He is by trade a 
 m w 11, but has chieflj' devoted his time to farming. In politics he is a Republi- 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1347 
 
 can. He owns 80 acres of land on sec. 31, and makes a specialty of fine sheep, 
 of which he has some thoroughbred Merino from Vermont. He was married 
 in 1859 to Abigail Austin. To them have been born 6 children. 
 
 Thomas Morgan (deceased) was born in Vermont, Xov. 36, 1809. In 1832 he 
 was married at Mendon, N. Y., to Deborah W. Sowle. He carried on shoemak- 
 ing at Kichmond, X. Y., until 183.5, when he located at Manchester, having pre- 
 viously purchased the eastern half of the village . He erected the first frame 
 building in Manchester. In 1863 he went to jMllton Junction, Wis., but a fire, in 
 January, 1873, destroyed his eating-house and he returned to ^Manchester, where 
 he died June 3, 1873, aged 63 years. The cause of his death was being thrown 
 from a buggy, while the horses were running away. Two of his daughters are 
 living — !Mrs. Vandegrift, of ^Manchester, and ^Mrs. Wallace, of Milwaukee. !Mr. 
 Morgan was a member of the Universalist Church and the Masonic order. He 
 was an honest, straightforward man, and well respected. His widow resides at 
 Manchester, being the oldest resident of the village. 
 
 Theodore Mnrscliheuser, blacksmith, wagon-maker and repairer, Manchester, 
 was born at Buchen, Province of Baden, Germany, in 1847. There he was 
 reai-ed and educated, and learned the trade of blacksmith. In 1871 he landed in 
 America and came to Monroe, Mich. A short time after, he came to Manchester. 
 He entered the employ of Gordonier & Xeebliug, and afterward, for Mr. Gordo- 
 nier. He became a partner with the latter, and in 1881 bought out his partner's 
 interest, since which time he has been alone. JMr. Morschheuser is a member of 
 the Catholic Church and of the A. O. U. W. In 1874 he married Elizabeth Groflf, 
 of Freedom. To them have been born 3 sons, all of whom are living. During 
 the Franco-Prussian war, Mr. Morschheuser served in the German army. 
 
 WilUiim Neehliag, blacksmith, manufacturer and repairer of carriages, jMan- 
 chester, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1844. In 1860, when 16 years of 
 age, he came to America. He had relatives in Freedom tp., in this count}', and 
 he at once proceeded there. He verv soon began to learn the trade of black- 
 smith. In 1863 he went to Adrian, Slich., and from there to Jackson. In 1863 
 he enlisted in the 9th Mich. Cav., and served until the close of the war. He then 
 came to Mancliester and engaged in his present business. Mr. Neebling is a 
 member of the I. O. O. F., A. O. U. W., and the Arbeiter-verein, of Manchester. 
 In 1869 he married Elizabeth Emmer, of Bridgewater. To them have been born 
 3 children, all of whom are living. 
 
 John P. Nestell, farmer on sec. 33, was born on his presnt farm, in 1856. His 
 pareots, John B. and Susannah (Slocum) Nestell, were natives of New England, and 
 early pioneers of Manchester tp. John F. received his education in the graded 
 schools of Manchester village, and has wisely chosen the occupation of a farmer. 
 He owns 135 acres of land, and is a Republican. He was married in 1879 to Ella, 
 daughter of John D. Kief. 
 
 George Nisle, blacksmith and wagon-maker, Manchester, was born in Wurtem- 
 berg, Germany, in 1846. His father was a wagon-maker, and from him George 
 learned the same business. At the age of 15 years he came to America, and located 
 in Jackson Co., Mich. In 1863 he began to learn the carriage-making business. 
 In 1864 he enlisted in the 15th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and served till the close of 
 the war. Returning to Michigan, he worked at carriage-making at Jackson, Hills- 
 dale and other places in the atate, until 1877, when he cume to Manchester. He 
 went into the blacksmith and carriage-making business in company with William 
 Neebling, and continued there until 1879. In that year he started his present 
 business, employing four meo. Mr. Nisle is a member of the Lutheran Church 
 and A. O. U. W. In 1863 he was married to Polly Weinlander, of Hillsdale, :Mich. 
 To them have been bom 3 sons and 3 daughters, all of whom are living. 
 
 Hon. E. B. Hforris, Manchester, Mich., was born at Manchester in 1846 . His 
 father, John W. Norris, was an early settler of this section. In his native village, 
 Mr. Norris was reared, receiving his education there, and at Ypsilanti high school 
 and the State Normal school. In 1868 he began the study of law with George R. 
 Palmer, Esq., of Manchester. In 1873 he was admitted to practice by the court of 
 this county. In 1861 he enlisted in the 1st Reg., Mich. Vol. Inf., and in September, 
 1862, was discharged for disabilities. After admission to the Bar, he began to 
 practice in Manchester, where he has since resided. In 1876 he was elected to the 
 Michigan Legislature from this district. In 1874 he was married to Isabella L. 
 Ford, of Sharon tp. To them have been born 3 sons and 1 daughter. 
 
1348 HIbTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 John W. Norris (deceased) was born in Vermont in 1803. When 11 years of age, 
 he accompanied his parents to Genesee Co., N. Y., where he was reared and edu- 
 cated. In 1834 he came to Michigan, aod during the winter of 1834-'o, taught 
 school in Macomb county. Returning to New Yorlc, he was married in May, 1836, 
 to Lydia Mary Blaisdell, of Covington Center, N. Y., and a native of Vermont; 
 came again to Michigan, locating at Ann Arbor ; subsequeutly^located land in Man- 
 chester ahA Bridgewater tps. ; was a farmer until 1861, when he bought more land 
 in Bridgewater tp., and erected a saw-mill ; was formerly a Whig, but later a Re- 
 publican ; was always a temperance man; wife died in 1863, and subject of sketch 
 in June, 1863, leaving 6 children — E. B., an attorney at law at Manchester ; Will- 
 iam H., a resident of Garden City, Minn.; Mrs. Bailey, of Manchester; Mrs. Norris 
 and Mi-s Bailey, of Ypsilanti, and Mrs. Norris, of Jackson, Mich. 
 
 William H. Palmer, agriculturist, was born in New Hampshire Dec. 13, 1810. 
 His parents were Samuel and Clarissa (Shumway) Palmer, natives of New England. 
 Mr. Palmer received a fair education and is a natural mechanic. He early learned 
 the carpenter's trade, which occupation he followed for some years. In 1833 he 
 settled in this township, where, in connection with his father, he entered 80 acres 
 of Government land. He then returned to New York, and in 1836 married Esther 
 Bronson, a native of Vermont, and daughter of Luman Bronson, a Revolutionary 
 soldier. Of the 7 children born to this union only 5 are living. Mr. Palmer and 
 wife are members of the Free-Will Baptist Church, in which body the former is a 
 Deacon. He owns 160 acres of well-improved land on sec. 16, and is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 Mev. W. L. Patoe?', Pastor Baptist Church, Ma icli^ster, was born in New York 
 in 1830. His parents were Stephen and Huldah i 'aimer, of English descent, the 
 former of whom settled in Jackson Co., Mich., in 1836. Rev. Palmer was reared 
 on a farm, and was converted at the age of 11 years. He graduated from Madison 
 University in 1856, and from Hamilton Theological Seminary in 1859, both located 
 at Hamilton N. Y. He was ordained to preach the gospel in 1857, and is at pres- 
 ent in charge of a large and flourishing congregation. 
 
 l^William. E. Pease, farmer, sec. 80, was born in Ypsilanti tp., Aug. 10, 1840. His 
 parents were Warren and Frances (Crafts) Pease, natives of Massachusetts, and of 
 English descent. They were married April 16, 1833, and emigrated to this county 
 the same year, where they lived honored and respected by all. William E. re- 
 ceived his education in the district schools, and Dec. 7, 1871, married Ella, daugh- 
 ter of Samuel W. Dorr, a prominent farmer and fruit-grower of Manchester tp. 
 They have 1 child — Warren W., who was born Dec. 39, 1873. Mrs. Pease is a 
 member of the Free-AYill Baptist Church, and Mr. p. is Republican, and has been 
 School Director for three terms. Mr. Pease's father died Jan. 6, 1853, and his 
 mother May 19, 1877. 
 
 Matthew T. Prout was born in Seneca Co., N. Y., June 39, 1817. His parents 
 were William and Elizabeth (Holt) Prout, natives of New York, and of English 
 ancestry ; his father was a farmer, and Matthew was reared to that rural, but 
 honest occupation. !Mr. Prout came to this county in 1836, and in 1838 married 
 Martha ]M. Stephens, daughter of Walter Stephens. One child was given to them 
 — Basina, born in 1840, and wife of T. J. Bessimer, of Jackson, Michigan. When 
 Mr. Prout came to this county he bought a farm of a minister of the gospel, who 
 proved a wolf in sheep's clothing, and induced IMr. Prout, to run"heavily in 
 debt, from \Yhioh he recovered only after long years of toil and economy. He 
 now owns a good farm on sec. 6, and valuable city property in Jackson, Michigan. 
 He is a member of the Baptist Church. His father died in this county, in 1831, 
 and his mother in ISS.l Both were members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 David Reed, Manchester, was born at Newburg, Lenawee Co., Mich., in 1836. 
 His parents were David B. and Content (Howard) Reed, who came to Michigan 
 from New York State in 1833. He was ^reared and educated at Newburg and 
 there learned the trade of carpenter. He followed his trade in Lenawee county 
 until 1847, when -he moved into this tp. about four miles south of ^Manchester. In 
 1870 he moved into thii, village, wliere he has since lived and followed his trade. 
 In politics is a Democrat but has kept out of political life and office. He was 
 married in 1855 to Miss Lottie Taylor, of Bridgewater tp. To them have been 
 born 3 sons and 1 daughter, all of whom are living. 
 
 Herbert D. Heed, Manchester, was born at Newburg, Lenawee Co., ]Mich., A. 
 D. 1836. His parents are David and Lottie (Taylor) Reed. In Manchester Mr. 
 Reed was reared and educated, also learned the trade of carpenter. During the 
 
MANCHESTEE TOWNSHIP. 1349 
 
 winters of 1879-'80 and 1880-'81 he taught school at Freedom Center. In 
 politics is a Democrat. 
 
 IF. F. Behfufs, dealer in fresh and salt meat, ^lanchester, "was born in Wurtem- 
 berg, Germany, in 1853. His parents were Michael and Magdalena (Hangs- 
 terfer) Rehfufs, the former of whom was a blacksmith. In 1868 the family 
 came to America, and located in Scio tp., AVashtenaT Co., ^Mich. In his native 
 land Mr. Rehfufs received his education, and after coming here entered the em- 
 ploy of Mr. Gwinner, of Ann Arbor, remaining with him three years. He was 
 afterward in business at Detroit and Chicago, and in 1873 came to ^Manchester 
 and engaged in the business for himself, remaining nearly two years. He 
 then went to Tecumseh, and in 1877 returned to this village. He is also a large 
 dealer in live-stock. Mr. Rehfufs is a member of the A. O. U. W., of Manchester. 
 In 1876 he married Caroline Braun, of Freedom tp. To them have been born 3 
 sons. 
 
 Jacob Reichert, proprietor grocery and restaurant, Manchester, was born in 
 Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1838. He learned the trade of cai-penter, and in 1866 
 came to America, settling in Logan Co., 111., where he worked at his trade till 
 1868. He then went to Kansas, where he remained until 187.5, when he left be- 
 cause of the grasshopper plague. He came to Freedom tp. in this county. In 
 1876 he opened a restaurant in Manchester, and in 1880 added a stock of gro- 
 ceries. Mr, Reichert is a member of the Ai-beiter-verein and A. O. U. W,, of 
 Manchester. In 1864 he married Caroline Brezler, a native of AVurtemberg, Ger- 
 many. To them has been born 1 son — Wilheim. 
 
 Frank Ruck, proprietor Southern Brewery, Manchester, was born in Germany 
 in 1843. In his native country he was educated, his father being a teacher there. 
 There also he learned the business of brewing, and followed it some years. 
 He served one year in the German anny, and in 1861 came to America. Th& 
 next eight years he was engaged in brewing in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1874 he 
 went to Ann Arbor and carried on the Western Brewery until 1880. He then 
 purchased the Southern Brewery at Manchester. In 1868 he married Miss Vink- 
 vonmeele, of Cincinnati. To them have been born 4 sons and 1 daughter. 
 
 William Ruihion was born in England in 1820, and is a son of John and Ann 
 (Beckley) Rushton. He grew to mature years in his native land, and in 1851 
 emigrated to Michigan, locating in Manchester tp., where he has since resided. 
 He was a poor man when he arrived in this county, but years of toil and energy 
 have increased his wealth, until he now owns 120 acres of land on sec. 15. He 
 
 was married in England, in 1844, to Richardson, daughter of William and 
 
 Mary (Hutson) Richardson. Five children have been born to them, 4 of whom 
 are living, and 3 married — Emily, W. B., Mary E. and Henry H. George is de- 
 ceased. Mr. Rushton is a Democrat, and has served his fellow-citizens in various 
 tp. offices. 
 
 John Sanborn was bom in Canada, Feb. 25, 1820 ; parents were Elijah and So- 
 phia (Sleeper) Sanborn, the former a native of New Hampshire, and the latter of 
 New Jersey; when five months old, parents came to Michigan, and in 1837, tO' 
 Washtenaw county ; worked for W. S. Maynard, at Ann Arbor, for eight years ; in 
 1851 came to this tp., and located on sec. 10, where he has since resided; is Dem- 
 ocratic in politics ; was married in 1845, to Catherine Feldkamp, a native of Prus- 
 sia ; have 3 children — Ellen, wife of Cornelius Carr, of Manchester, Mich. ; Mary,. 
 and Lillie, a teacher ; wife was member of M. E. Church, and died March 13,, 
 1874 ; owns 120 acres of good land. 
 
 Charles W. Sandford, Manchester, dealer in produce, was born at Newark, N. 
 J., in 1825. His parents were Elijah and Mary (Warren) Sandford. In 1832 his 
 father came to this county and located land in what is now Freedom tp. He re- 
 turned to New Jersey and in 1837 brought his family out. He then engaged in 
 saw-mill business at the edge of Bridgewater. He carried on this business until 
 his death in 1840. Then, the water was let out of the mill-pond and to-day it is 
 fine land owned by Caleb Brown and Christian Wurster. In this State and county 
 Mr. Sandford was chiefly reared and educated. When 21 years old he began 
 farminf for himself in Freedom, where he followed it until 1867. In that year 
 he canie to this village, and has since been in the produce business, making a 
 specialty of eggs and fine butter. He has recently built a house entirely for 
 storing the latter. This house is 18x24 feet in size. It is built with walls 14 
 inches thick, of which 12 inches are filled in with saw-dust, and the floor is the 
 same. Ii is 18 feet high, divided into two stories. The upper one is filled with 
 
1350 HISTOKY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. " 
 
 CO tons of ice, the bottom fitted with zinc-lined drip troughs to carry off all water 
 drippings. The lower floor is for the storage of butter and will hold 80,000 lbs. 
 Mr. Sandford buys in the early spring and holds it until the fall, thus making a 
 fine profit. The house was built by B. A. Stephens, of Toledo, at a cost of $1,000. 
 In 1868 Mr. Sandford married Miss Caroline Poucher, of Bridgewater. To them 
 have been born 1 daughter — Mary. In politics he is a Democrat and has held a 
 number of offices. In 1848 he enlisted for the Mexican war and served till its 
 close. 
 
 Fred Schaible, farmer and brick manufacturer, of Manchester, was born 
 in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1839, where his father still resides. When 31 
 years of age he cime to A.merica to escape military service. He proceeded to Ann 
 Arbor, Mich., where he had a brother living. Very soon after he went to Free- 
 dom tp , where he worked four years. He then purchased 40 acres of Imd, and 
 in 1867 sold it, and bought 160 acres northwest of Manchester. He at once opened 
 a brick-yard, which he still owns, but is at present operated by other parties. He 
 slill resides on his farm. In 1880 he was appointed Countj' Drain Commissioner. 
 Mr. Schaible is a member of the Lutheran Church, and of the A. O. U. W. In 
 1866 he married Katherine Kuepler, of Lodi tp., a native of Wurtemberg. They 
 have 3 daughters and 4 sons. 
 
 N. Sehmid, merchant, Manchester, was born at Ann Arbor in 1854. His parents 
 are the Rev. Fred and Louisa (Mann) Sctimid. His father was the first Protes- 
 tant German clergyman in Michigan. At Ann Arbor, Mr. Sehmid was reared 
 and educated. In 1870, when Mack & Sehmid opened their branch store at 
 Manchester, he was placed at the head of it as manager, iu which capacity he 
 still acts. This store has one of the finest stocks in this section, and does a large 
 business in general merchandise and wool-buying. Mr. Sehmid is also interested 
 in the insurance business. He is an active member of the A. O. U. W. of Man- 
 chester. In 1878 he was married to Miss Lehn, a daughter of Mr. C. Lehn, of 
 Manchester. To them have been born 1 daughter — Leila. 
 
 Nicholas Sender, grocer and restaurateur, Manchester, was born at Kirlach, 
 Baden, Germany, in 1854. In 1855 his parents came to America, and located in 
 Bridgewater tp., in this county. Soon after they came to Manchester, where 
 Nicholas was reared and educated. He worked for Conrad Lehn seven years, and 
 six years for hii father. In 1880 he opened his present business. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Arbeiter-verein, and also of the Catholic Church. His parents arestill 
 living in Manchester. In 1879 he was married to Elizabeth Baader, of Manches- 
 ter. 
 
 Henry Shuart, farmer, sec. 31 ; P. O. Clinton ; was born in New York, in 1834. 
 His parents were E. R. and Phcebe (Sisson) Shuart, the former of German and the 
 latter of English descent. He was reared and educated in his native State, where 
 he followed farming until 1870, when he came to this State and purchased his pres- 
 ent farm. Mr. Shuart is a strong Democrat, but votes for the man instead of the 
 party. He was married in 1859 to Miss Sarah Brimley, a native of the Empire 
 State. To them have been born 2 sons and 1 daughter — Charles, Frederick and 
 Bessie. 
 
 James Sowles (deceased) was one of the earliest pioneers of Mar Chester. He was 
 born at Nine Partners, Dutchess county, N.Y., Feb. 2, 1873. He learned ihe trade 
 of carpenter and worked at that business for 12 years in Chenango county. In 
 1805 he was married at Bedford, N. Y., to Abbie Dillingham. He was engaged m 
 the manufacture of pearl ash for some time, but a decline in prices ruined him 
 financially. About the same time occurred the death of his wife. In 1826 he re- 
 moved to Monroe county, where he married Fannie Noyes. In 1833 he entered a 
 large tract of land in this county, embracing what is now Manchester village. He 
 built a saw-mill on the Raisin river, and started a thriving settlement. In 1843 
 he purchased land near Milton, Wis., where he died March 20, 1873, in his 90th 
 year. His third wife was Mrs. Almond Bishop Clarke, who died in 1880. Mrs. 
 Morgan, of Manchester, is a daughter of this noble pioneer. 
 
 Frniiklin Spafard, Manchester tp., sec. 8, was born in Springwater, Livingston 
 Co., N. Y., in 1837. His pareuts were Thomas L. and Almira (Baldwin) Spafard. 
 His father was a native of ^Massachusetts and his mother of Pennsylvania. In 
 1838 the family came to this county and tp., settling on the place where Mr. Spa- 
 fard now lives. In this town Mr. Spafard was reared and educated. He was 
 reared a farmer and has always followed it. His farm comprise 860 acres, chiefly 
 tillable land. Mr. Spafard is "quite extensively engaged in raising grade Merino 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1351 
 
 sheep, and also in the raising of wheat. In politics has been a Republican since 
 the organization of the pai-ty in 1854. In 1863 was married to Miss Maria Car- 
 penter, a daughter of Morgan Carpenter, a pioneer of Manchester. To them have 
 been born 1 son, Frederick E., and a daughter, Almira, both of whom are living, 
 
 2%omas L. Spafard waahoin in the town of Dalton, Berkshire Co., Mass., in 
 1797. His parents were Amos and Experience (Lawrence) Spafard. There Mr. 
 Spafard was educated and lived UQtil 15 years of age, when his parents died. Prom 
 that time he took care of himself. About this time he went to Otsego Co., N. Y., 
 where he worked two years for a tanner and currier. He then went to Onondaga 
 county, where he was variously employed two years. During this time he enlisted 
 as a substitute in the war of 1813, but served only a short time, until Brown's army 
 came to Sackett's Harbor. From Onondaga county he went to Livingston Co., N. 
 Y., where he purchased a farm and followed farming and luinbering until 1836. 
 During this time he built two saw-mills. In 1836 he came to this county and town, 
 where he followed farming until old age compelled him to rest. Since then he has 
 lived with his son on the old homestead. In politics he was an old-line "Whig until 
 the organization of the Republican party, since when he has been a Republican. 
 While in New York he was a Mason, but never connected himself with the frater- 
 nity in this State. He has for about 40 years been connected;with the [Jniversalist 
 Society. In 1S23 he was married to Almira Baldwin, of :^It. Morris, N. Y. To 
 them have been born 3 sons and 6 daughters ; 1 son and 3 daughters have died. 
 Mrs. Spafard died in 1853. In 1854 Mr. Spafard married Mrs. ^Mary Lord, widow 
 of Dr. Lord, of Ann Arbor, who died in 1851. Mr. Spafard is now 84 years old. 
 "When about 20 years old, he had a cousin of about the same age, who was for 
 living without hard work. He called Mr. Spafard a fool for working 
 hard. The cousin died in Detroit penniless. Mr. Spafard acquired 360 acres of 
 land, thus showmg the better course of work over idleness. , 
 
 Captain Simeon R. Spencer, Manchester, was born at Springfield, Windsor Co. 
 Vt., in 1807. When 16 years old he entered a store in Springfield, where he re- 
 mained nearly three years. The confinement of a business life not agreeing with 
 him, he went to Woodstock, where he learned the trade of painter. He worked 
 at this business in various places and States until 1836, when he came to 3Ian- 
 chester. In 1837 he brought out his family. Since then he has been a resident 
 of that village, engaged chiefly in i^ainting. He was Justice of the Peace three 
 years, and Road Master 20 vears. He is a member of both the Masonic and I. O, 
 O. F. fraternities. Inl83o"he married Jane E. Hill, of Scottsville, N. Y. To 
 them have been born 1 son and 5 daughters, the former of whom, A. W. Spencer, 
 is Station Agent of the L. 8. & M. S. R. R. at Manchester. One daughter is de- 
 ceased. I He was Lieutenant of the first militia in Manchester village, and subse- 
 quently Captain, which latter title he still retains. 
 
 Elkha Steadma-i, who resides on sec. 33, was born in New York in 1817. 
 His parents were Isaac and Lucre;ii (Coy) Steadman, natives of Connecticut. 
 Mr. Steadman was a commercial traveler for over 25 years, handling agrictiltural 
 implements the greater portion of this period. He was formerly a successful 
 grocer of Hamilton, N. Y., but since his removal to this county in 1866, has de- 
 voted his time chiefly to agi'iculture. He is Republican in politics, and owns 
 101 acres of good land. Mr. S was married in 1847, and 3 children have been 
 born to them — Jeanette and David L. 
 
 /«»-(«« i. Sto«.« was born in Seneca county, N. Y., May 13, 1843. His parents 
 were Eli and Catherine (Whitaker) Stone. When James was about four years 
 old his parents settled at Almond, Allegany Co., N. Y., and in 1850, at Ypsijanti, 
 Mich. When a young man, 3Ir. Stone engaged in the insurance business, which 
 he followed about three years. He then engaged in the manufacture of cigars, 
 in which he did a large "business. In 18T6 he became the landlord of the Good- 
 year House at Manchester. In 1880 he went into the Follett House at Ypsilanti, 
 where he remained but a few months, and returned to the Goodyear House. 
 He is a memlier of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities, and also of the A. 
 O. U. W. He was married in 1870 to Emma E. Cutler, of Ypsilanti, a daugh- 
 ter of John M. Cutler (deceased). 
 
 A. C. Taylor, M- D., Manchester, was born in Bridgewater tp,, in 1848. His 
 parents were Darius and Sarah (Martin) Taylor who came here in 1839, from Wash- 
 ington Co , Penu. In Bridgewater tp., Mr. Taylor was reared, but received his 
 education elsewhere. In 1869 he began the study of medicine under Dr. M. E. 
 Hunger of Manchester. In 1871 he entered the medical department of Michigan 
 
1352 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 University, from which he graduated in 1874. He at once began practicing at 
 Somerset, Hillsdale Co., Mich., where he remained one year. He then came to 
 Manchester, where he has built up a large practice. Dr. Taylor is a member of the 
 M. E. Church, of Manchester. In 1873 he was married to Emma Rose, a daughter 
 of Hon. David G. Rose, of Sharon. To them has been giveu 1 son, Clarence W., born 
 in 187.1. 
 
 0. L. Torrey was born in Jackson Co., Mich., June 14, 1843 ; is a son of Alfred C. 
 and Eliza (Fairchilds) Torrey, natives of Chenango Co., N. Y. They went to Jack- 
 son county in 1842, where Mrs. Torrey died, jNIarch 24, 1863 ; subject of this sketch 
 was reared on a farm; was married, Aug. 27, 1863, to Alice D. Corey, who was 
 born in the house she occupies, Feb. 16. 1846, and a daughter of J. D. Corey, of 
 Manchester, Mich. They have 4 children — Homer, Dennis, George and Bessie. Mr. 
 Torrey located in this township in 1878; owns 192 acres of land in sec 2. Mrs. 
 Torrey is a member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 G. O. Van Tuyle, farmer, sec. 36, was bom in this county, March 22, 1849. 
 His parents are Adam and Sarah (Polhemus) Van Tuyle, the former a native of 
 New York, of German descent, and the latter a native of New Jersey, of English 
 ancestry. Adam Van Tuyle came to this county in 1840, and settled on sec. 31, 
 Manchester tp. G. G. owns 100 acres of good land in sec. 36, and is a Democrat. 
 He was married in 1876, to Fannie Sones. They have 3 children- -Albert and 
 Lillian. 
 
 John A. Van Tayle is among the prominent farmers of Manchester tp. He was 
 born in this county in 1847, son of Adam and Sarah (Polhemus) Van Tuyle, the 
 former a native of New York, of German descent, and the latter of New Jersey, 
 of English ancestry. Mr. Van Tuyle owns 17.5 acres of land, of which 140 is under 
 a high state of cultivation. He is a solid and influential member of the Demo- 
 cratic party. He was married in 1868, to Ann Eliza Vest, who has borne hiin 5 
 children — 1 boy and 4 girls. 
 
 Peter 0. Vreelind, Grass Lake, Mich., formerly of Loditp., Washtenaw county, 
 was born at Romulus, Seneca Co., N. Y ., in 1806, where he was reared and edu- 
 cated. When a young man he learned the trade of blacksmith. In 1831 he came 
 to Michigan and" located in Lodi tp., taking up Government land. He remained 
 there about five years, and theuAvent to Jackson, Mich., where he worked at his 
 trade for seven years. He removed to Grass Lake where he remained 13 years; at 
 the end of that time he went to St. Johns, and soon after came to Manchester. He 
 opened a blacksmith shop, which he carried on about 18 years, and then again 
 went to Grass Lake, where he now lives in retirement. Sir. Vreeland is a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian Church, and Republican in politics. Previous to coming 
 to this State he was married to Joan Sutton, of Romulus N. Y. To them have 
 been born 3 sons and 2 daughters, of whom 1 son has died. The remaining son, 
 Mr. L. Vreeland, is a merchant at Manchester. The daughters live in Jackson 
 county. 
 
 James Wneir, S"C. 1, was born in Tioga (now Chemung) county, N. Y., in 1833. 
 His parents were John and Hannah (Beckwith) Waeir. In 1836 the family came 
 to this State and county, locating in Bridgewater tp. In New York State and 
 Bridgewater Mr. Waeir was reared and educated. In 1844 he purchased laud in 
 the southern part of Manchester, where he followed farming until 1850. He then 
 purchased land on sec. 1 of this town, where he has since lived. He began life 
 with but his own brain and muscle, and now owns 100 acres of tine land well 
 supplied with buildings and stock. In politics he is a Republican, and has twice 
 been elected Township Treasurer, but never qualified. That was some years ago 
 when the ofHces of Constable and Treasurer were one. He is a member of the 
 Baptist Church of Manchester, of which he is also a Deacon, and has been a 
 Trustee. He was married in 1844 to Miss Amanda M. Clark, of Manchester, a 
 daughter of Joseph S. Clark, who came here in 1833. To them have been born 3 
 daughters and 1 son— Alice, now Mrs. J. Lawrence, of Tecumseh; Hannah, now 
 Mrs. Wright, of Manchester, and Chester. 
 
 John Waeir, (deceased) was born at Southport, N. 1"., in 1796. He was edu- 
 cated and reared as a farmer, which business he also followed there until 1836. In 
 that j'ear he came to Michigan and settled in the town of Bridgewater, in this 
 county, purchasing laud on sec. 11, where now Henry Calhoun lives. There he 
 lived until his death in 1855. In politics Mr. Waeir was a Whig until 1854, when 
 he united with the new Republican party, and he held several township ofBces. 
 Wliile in New York he was a Mason, but after coming here was not connected 
 with the fl'ateruity. He was for many 3-ears a member of the Baptist Church, and 
 both in New York and in Manchester was a Deacon in that church In 1818 he 
 
MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP. 1353 
 
 was married to Miss Hannali Becliwitli, of liis native town. To them were 
 born 8 sons and 3 daughters, of whom 7 are living, but only 1, James, in this 
 county. Mrs. Waeir, now in her 8iJd year, is living with a son, Henry B., a busi- 
 ness man of Laporte. 
 
 Ghnrles B. Walworth was bom March 1.5, 1824. His parents were Benjamin B. 
 and Elizabeth (Barley) Walworth, natives of New York. They came to Michi- 
 gan in 1828, where Charles was reared and educated. He was married Feb. 16, 
 1860, to Amy Gallop. Thev have 5 children— Joseph B., Elizabeth L., Delmer! 
 Clarence and Amy. Mr. W. is Democratic in politics, and owns 101 acres of 
 good land. 
 
 John Waters, farmer, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1822, where he was 
 also reared and educated. His parents were John and Mary (Daniels) Waters. 
 In 1853 he came to ilichigan and purchased the farm where he nov, lives. In 
 politics he is a Republican. He was married in 1847 to Edith Beech, who died 
 in 1857. To them were born 5 children, 4 of whom are living. In 1858 he mar- 
 ried to Mary J. Sutton, daughter of Rev. Richard Sutton, a native of Michigan. 
 To them have been born 3 children, all of whom are living. Mr. Waters resides 
 on sec. 19. 
 
 Samuel M. Welh (deceased) was born in Vermont, June 4, 1815, and is a son of 
 David and Sally (Best) Wells, natives of Massachusetts, and of Welsh descent. 
 He came to this county in 1837, and once served as a Justice of the Peace. He 
 was married Jan. 3, 1836, to Nancy Crozier, a native of New York, and of 
 French descent. Both were members of the M. E. Church, in which body Mr. 
 Wells was Trustee, Class leader and Steward for several years. He was a Repub- 
 lican in politics, and at the time of his death owned 100 acres of land. He died 
 March 25, 1872. 
 
 James Williams (deceased) or " Uncle Jim," as he was familiarl}' called, was 
 bom in 1803, and came to Ypsilanti, Mich., in 1825. He was a single man, and 
 resided for 27 years with Mr. and Mrs. Wells. He was a strong Republican, and 
 a worthy member of the M. E. Church. He died in 1879. 
 
 Joseph, S. Wood was born in the town of Lynn, New London Co., Conn., in 1816. 
 His parents were Caleb and Betsey (Fargo) Wood, natives of Connecticut, the 
 foi'mer being of Irish and the latter of French descent. When in his ninth j'ear 
 the family removed to Livingston county, N. Y., where he was reared and edu- 
 cated. In Wyoming county, he learned the trade of wa^on-maker. In 1837 he 
 started for Michigan. He then engaged in farming near Saline for his brother-in- 
 law, Joshua Forbes, for many years well-known in this county. He remained 
 here four and one-half years and returned to New York on account of being 
 troubled with the ague. He lived in New York until 1854, when he came to 
 this State, which has since been his home. He settled in Saline tp. on a farm 
 owned by Mr. Forbes. He remained thei'e two, years and having recovered his 
 health, engaged in the wagon business, which he followed two years in that town; 
 then removed to Clinton, Mich., where he followed the wagon business until Sep- 
 tember, 1870, when he came into Manchester tp., where he has since followed 
 farming, on sec. 28. In politics he has been a Whig; since Taj-lor's nomination 
 for Presidency, he has been a Free-Soiler; since 1854 he has been a Republican. 
 Has always been a temperance man and worker. Was married in April, 1848, to 
 Miss Mary Gilbert, of Warsaw, N. Y., a native of Pike , N. Y. ; Mrs. Wood 
 died in 1859, leaving 1 son and 1 daughter, both of whom are living. For his 
 second wife he married in May, 1864, Mrs. Loretta (Sterrin) ^Messenger, of 
 Clinton. 
 
 John Wuerthner, proprietor restaurant, ^Manchester, was bom in Wurtemberg, 
 Gennany, in 1849. His father was a watchmaker and organ builder. John was 
 reared and educated in his native countiy, and tliere learned the trade of tailor. 
 In 1871 he came to America and worked at his trade at Adrian, Mich., and ^Man- 
 chester. In 1878 he opened his present billiard hall and restaurant. In politics 
 Mr. W. is a Greenback er, but has held no official positions. In 1873 he married 
 Caroline Yentler, of Adrian, Mich., a native of Wurtemberg. To them have been 
 born 2 sons and 3 daughters, 2 of whom are living ; 1 daughter is deceased. 
 
 JohtitO. Ziegler was born in Germanj-, and is a son of Phillip and Barbara 
 (Meir) Ziegler. He learned the weaver's trade in his native land, and in 1854 
 immigrated to America, coming to this county the same year. He has been a 
 farmer during his residence in Washtenaw Co., and owns 80' acres of fine land on 
 sec. 13. He was married in 1859 to Mary Kinldinger, a native of Germany. They 
 have 2 children — Eliza and Philip. Mr. Ziegler is a Democrat, and him elf 
 and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. . 
 
BRIDGEWATER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Bridgewater is a country of gentle undulations, valuable forest 
 lands, beautiful rivers and streams, picturesque lakes, and an in- 
 dustrious, enterprising and contented people. 
 
 Joslin lake in sections 11 and 12, with its feeding creek ; 
 Columbus lake, with its satellites in the shape of a trio of ponds, 
 in section 3; the expansion of tlie Kaisin in section 20, the county 
 drain, forming almost the boundary of the notheast quarter of the 
 township, the Kaisin river and Iron creek, — all present their ad- 
 vantages. The Eaisin enters the township in section 1, and after a 
 tortuous course, generally south, makes its exit in section 32. In 
 this section is the confluent of Iron creek. The L. S. & M. 8. 
 railroad is built, principally through the Raisin valley, and for a 
 great part of iti length runs parallel with the river. The D., H. 
 & S. W. K. E. passes over the plains of the nortliern sections. The 
 soil is clay with loam in many places, rich in all its constituents. 
 The mineral resources as now known consist only of marl and peit 
 iron. The forests and orchards are both extensive and valuable. 
 From the following reference to its agricultural resources, the rich 
 character of the soil will be better understood. 
 
 AGEIOULTUEAL EESOtTECES. 
 
 The township of Bridgewater contains an area of improved and 
 unimproved lands equal to 21,677 acres, laid off into 196 farms, 
 averaging 110.55 acres each. The improved lands extend over 15,- 
 230, and the unimproved, over 6,437 acres. 
 
 In 1879 no less than 3,956 acres were sown in wheat, yielding 
 86,04:1 bushels, or an average of 21.75 to the acre. In May, 1880, 
 the area reported as sown under that cereal exceeded 4,382. The 
 corn-fields of the township produced in 1879, 100,593 bushels, 
 harvested from 1,578 acres, and 44,063 bushels of oats from 1,022 
 acres. 698 acres of clover gave a yield of 1,226 bushels of seed ; 
 148 acres of barley produced 3,470 bushels ; 109 acres, devoted to 
 potato culture, yielded up 9,663 bushels, and 2,466 acres of meadow 
 lands produced 3,054 tons of hay. In reviewing these statistics, it 
 may be truthfully observed that a reasonable average was not ob- 
 tained in 1879. The soil is capable of doing much more for the 
 industrious husbandman. 
 
 OEGANIC. 
 
 Bridgewater formed a part of the township of Dexter until 1832^ 
 when its inhabitants with those of Manchester resolved to organize 
 
 (1351) 
 
BEIDGEWATEE TOWNSHIP. 1355 
 
 a township under the name of Hixon. The Legislative Council 
 passed an act, which was approved June 26, 1832, — " that all that 
 part of the township of Dexter, in the county of Washtenaw, com- 
 prised in surveyed townships number four south, in ranges 3 
 and 4 east, shall be a township by the name of Hixon, and that 
 the first township meeting shall be holden at the house of Daniel 
 S. Brooks, in said township. A meeting of the voters of Hixon 
 township was held April 1, 1833, at the house of Brooks, over which 
 Grove Barker presided as Moderator ; Lyman Downs, Clerk, and 
 Howell B. Norton, Justice of the Peace. The election resulted in 
 the choice of the following named town officers : Geo. Howe, 
 Supervisor ; Eobert H. Heggie, Clerk ; Harvey Gilbert, Collector 
 and Constable ; Oramel D. Skinner, James Stephens, and Wm. B. 
 Peir, Assessors; Eli R. Sayles and John Lockerby, Commissioners 
 of Schools ; Thomas Gilbert, Overseer of the Poor ; Levi P. Pratt, 
 Jacob Gilbert, and Shove Minor, Commissioners of Highways. 
 
 Subsequently that portion of Hixon comprised in township 4 
 south, of range 4 east, was organized into a separate township by 
 the name of " Bridgewater," and the remainder of Hixon tp. 
 organized in 1836 under the name of Manchester. George Howe 
 gave the name to the township. The first election held in Bridge- 
 water resulted in the choice of George Howe as Supervisor ; K. H. 
 Heggie, Town Clerk ; Norman L. Conklin, Treasurer, and B. H. 
 Norton, Justice of the Peace. Among the succeeding township 
 clerks was D. W. Palmer, who held the office over 30 years. Justice 
 Malcolm McDougal held his judicial position for 35 consecutive 
 years. 
 
 A special meeting was held May 2, 1833, for the town of Bridge- 
 water, for the purpose of electing town treasurer, school commis- 
 sioners and overseers of highways. It was at this meeting that 
 Norman L. Conklin was elected Treasurer, he being the first who 
 held that office. Reuben Downs and Eli R. Sayles were elected 
 School Commissioners; Alex. Sargeant, Thomas Gilbert, IsaWard, 
 Philip Poucher, D. Soules and Eli R. Sayles, Ov^erseers of High- 
 ways. Shove Minor was Moderator and R. H. Heggie, Clerk of 
 the meeting. 
 
 The first annual township meeting held was April 7, 1834, at 
 the house of John Yalentine, where N. L. Conklin's residence now 
 stands. Emanuel Case was Moderator, with Norman L. Conklin, 
 Clerk, and Howell P. Norton, Justice of the Peace. The election 
 resulted in the choice of Geo. Howe, Supervisor; Norman L. 
 Conklin, Clerk; Thomas Gilbert, Treasurer; James Stephens, 
 Jacob Gilbert and Lyman Downs, Assessors ; Ambrose Ely, Levi 
 B. Pratt and Andrew"Harris, Commissioners of Highways ; Eman- 
 uel Case and H. B. Norton, School Committee ; Reuben Downs, 
 Elijah G. Carr. Odle H. Stone, Constables ; James Stephens and 
 Stephen "Walter, Directors of the Poor ; Robert Powell, George 
 Calhoun, Norman L. Conklin, J. W. P. Groves, Elijah Carr, School 
 Inspectors. The overseers of highways and fence-viewers elected 
 
 78 
 
1356 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 were : — Robbins Douglas, L. B. Pratt, Joseph J^oyes, James 
 Crampton, L. Downs, Joshua L. Smith, James Valentine, Levi 
 Cole, Jeremiah Kenecut, Robert Powell, T. Gilbert, Geo. Howe, 
 Miner Mallet, Andrew Harris, N. L. Conklin, Dennis Lancaster, 
 Moses Bivins and John Haynes. At a special meeting held at the 
 same house May 1, 1834, over which Jacob Gilbert presided as 
 Moderator, Emanuel Case was elected Supervisor , Wm. Brayton, 
 Commissioner of Highways ; Elias Durby, M. Mallet, Wm. Auls 
 and J. Haynes, Overseers of Highways. At the time this meeting 
 was held Manchester formed a portion of Bridgewater. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF BKIDGEWATEE 1833 TO 1880. 
 
 YBAE 
 
 SUPBEViaOES. 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 TEEA8UKBR8. 
 
 JUSTIOBS. 
 
 1835. . 
 
 N. L. Conklin. 
 
 H. B. Norton 
 
 Reuben Downs 
 
 Isaac Ayers 
 
 1836.. 
 
 il n 
 
 Piatt Gilbert 
 
 I. H. Ketcham 
 
 Morris Frost 
 
 1837.. 
 
 11 11 
 
 John Valentine 
 
 Geo. Lazell 
 
 Lyman Downs 
 
 1838.. 
 
 U (( 
 
 11 11 
 
 II 11 
 
 Wm. H. Aulls 
 
 1839.. 
 
 Jacob Hovey 
 
 Henry A. Katner 
 
 It [1 
 
 D. W. Palmer 
 
 1840. . 
 
 Roswell Randall 
 
 John Valentine 
 
 Isaac Ayers 
 
 Wm. H Aulls 
 
 1841.. 
 
 Thomas Havens 
 
 M. MoDougal 
 
 11 11 
 
 D.W. Palmer ■ 
 
 1843. . 
 
 Geo. Lazell 
 
 " " 
 
 Roswell Randall 
 
 Daniel Hickson 
 
 1843.. 
 
 i( u 
 
 11 II 
 
 Benjamin Felton 
 
 Thomas HavenSt 
 
 1844. 
 
 " " 
 
 II II 
 
 Otis Richmond 
 
 Wm. H. Auls 
 
 1845.. 
 
 (( (( 
 
 It 11 
 
 11 It 
 
 D. W. Palmer 
 
 1846. . 
 
 (( u 
 
 11 11 
 
 It 11 
 
 M. McDougal 
 
 1847.. 
 
 N. L. Conklin 
 
 David W. Palmer 
 
 Justus Watson 
 
 C. D. Crane 
 
 1848.. 
 
 George Lazell 
 
 u u 
 
 It 11 
 
 W. H. Aulls 
 
 1849.. 
 
 II II 
 
 1( a 
 
 11 11 
 
 C. Parkhurst 
 
 1850.. 
 
 N. L. Conklin 
 
 Wm. H. Auls 
 
 George Lazell 
 
 M. McDougall 
 
 1851.. 
 
 Isaac Magoon 
 
 David W. Palmer 
 
 Dan Le Baron 
 
 Adam Riddle 
 
 1853. . 
 
 11 u 
 
 11 11 
 
 It 11 
 
 W. H. Auls 
 
 1853.. 
 
 Geo. LazeU 
 
 11 11 
 
 Ben Laockerby 
 
 Z. Jinkins 
 
 1854. . 
 
 Dan Le Baron 
 
 II II 
 
 Jacob Blum 
 
 M. McDougall 
 
 1855.. 
 
 II II 
 
 11 II 
 
 Newcomb Brown 
 
 David Woodard 
 
 1856 . 
 
 N. L. Conklin 
 
 11 11 
 
 Isaac Ayers 
 
 Junius Short 
 
 1857.. 
 
 Dan Le Baron 
 
 II 11 
 
 F. M. Palmer 
 
 James Benham 
 
 1858.. 
 
 Isaac Magoon 
 
 11 II 
 
 Barton Lazell 
 
 M. McDougall 
 
 1859.. 
 
 Dan Le Baron 
 
 11 11 
 
 Day Conklin 
 
 Newcomb Brown 
 
 I860.. 
 
 (. u 
 
 II 11 
 
 W. H. Stoner 
 
 Jacob Blum 
 
 1861.. 
 
 U (( 
 
 11 II 
 
 Lee Conklin 
 
 James Benham 
 
 1862. . 
 
 (( u 
 
 11 II 
 
 Henry Poucher 
 
 M. McDougall 
 
 1863. , 
 
 li ii 
 
 Emmett Palmer 
 
 Wm. Haynes 
 
 D. W. Palmer 
 
 1864. . 
 
 u u 
 
 D. W. Palmer. 
 
 F. D. Lancaster 
 
 Adam Riddle 
 
 1865.. 
 
 *' " 
 
 .1 U 
 
 Jacob Blum 
 
 W. W. Judd 
 
 1866.. 
 
 (( u 
 
 U U 
 
 Geo. Calhoun 
 
 M. McDougall 
 
 1867.. 
 
 N. L. Conklin 
 
 a a 
 
 Leroy George 
 
 W. W. Judd 
 
 1868. . 
 
 II u 
 
 u u 
 
 Slade Lazell 
 
 Wm. Hankee 
 
 1869.. 
 
 Dan Le Baron 
 
 11 u 
 
 Judson Linden 
 
 Denis Lancaster 
 
 1870. . 
 
 II II 
 
 (( u 
 
 F. M. Palmer 
 
 M. McDougall 
 
 1871.. 
 
 Geo. Lazell 
 
 u u 
 
 George Becker 
 
 James Kress 
 
 1873. . 
 
 Dan Le Baron 
 
 a a 
 
 William Gadd 
 
 Geo. Calhoun 
 
 1873.. 
 
 James M. Kress 
 
 Geo. Calhoun 
 
 Jacob Raab 
 
 Wm. Hankee 
 
 1874 . 
 
 11 11 
 
 a u 
 
 Joseph Linden 
 
 M. McDougall 
 
 1875.. 
 
 Dan Le Baron 
 
 Elbert Bradnor 
 
 Henry Ryer 
 
 Adam Riddle 
 
 1876.. 
 
 II 11 
 
 D. W. Palmer 
 
 Christian Saley 
 
 James Benham, ir. 
 
 1877., 
 
 11 11 
 
 11 11 
 
 Jacob Fleeman 
 
 N. L. Conklin 
 
 1878. . 
 
 II II 
 
 II 11 
 
 Henry R. Palmer 
 
 M. McDougaU 
 
 1879.. 
 
 II II 
 
 11 II 
 
 Eraatus Walter 
 
 Adam Riddle 
 
 1880. . 
 
 James M. Kress 
 
 Geo. Calhoun 
 
 Henry Blum 
 
 W. W. Judd 
 
BEIDGEWATEB TOWNSHIP. 1357 
 
 The officers for 1880-'81 comprise the last named, together with 
 D. C. Walter, Commissioner of Highways ; Henry E,. Palmer, 
 Commissioner of Schools ; F. M. Palmer, School Inspector ; Junius 
 Short, Drain Commissioner ; James Quick, Charles Uhl, Charles 
 Koering and Jacob Armbuster, Constables. 
 
 NAMING or BEIDGEWATER. 
 
 As has been said,' the name of this district after it was laid off 
 as a separate township from Dexter, was Hixon. In 1833 the peo- 
 ple desired to organize a separate township, but subsequently they, 
 at the solicitation of Geo. Howe, accepted the name of Bridge- 
 water, in honor of the village of the same name in Oneida county, 
 N. T. A petition to the Legislative Council praying for such a 
 change of name and boundary, was presented early in 1833, and 
 an act passed to that effect in the summer of the same year. 
 
 EAELT SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The first settler of that portion of "Washtenaw, known as Bridge- 
 water, was Col. Daniel Hixon, who in coming here tarried in Len- 
 awee county when Tecumseh contained only two log-cabins. 
 George Lazelle, T. Lazelle and E. Wheelock came in 1829, a few 
 days after Dan. Hixon. B. H. Pelton, Jacob Gilbert, James 
 Crampton and Thomas Pickett settled in May, 1830. C. W. Ser- 
 geant, B. Way, Harvey, Ephraim and Esther Piatt, Thomas, Eliza- 
 beth and Anna Gilbert, and Daniel Porter arrived in 1831. John 
 Haynes, John Valentine, Norman L. Conklin, Daniel Brooks, 
 John Scott, H. A. Katner, M. Dewey, Stephen and Lawrence 
 Walters, Geo. Howe, Shove Minor, Lewis IngersoU, M. Mitchell, 
 Jonathan Mitchell, Bennager and Benjamin Lockerby, M. Darby, 
 John Lynch, Eussell M. Kandall, Wm. Ruckman, Lyman and 
 Keuben Downs, Geo. L. Calhoun, John Milson, Washington Hew- 
 itt, W. H. Arells, W. W. Plummer, Henry Bird, Jacob Dubois, 
 E. Graves, M. Evans, Chas. Brush arrived in the fall of 1832 and 
 spring of 1833; J. T. Calhoun in 1834. Norman Calhoun arrived 
 in 1836. 
 
1358 
 
 UISTOET OF WASHTENAW CODJMTT. 
 
 AGED CITIZENS OF BEIDGEWATEE. 
 
 The following list contains the names of the old people of the 
 township who were livina; at the beginning of 1881. Many of 
 them claim the honors of early settlement: 
 
 Geo. Lazelle 83 
 
 D,W. Palmer 74 
 
 M.L. Conklin 73 
 
 E. H, Heggie 77 
 
 Mrs. Heggie 75 
 
 Thomas Piquet 97-103 
 
 Joshua Babcock 70 
 
 James Benham, sr 73 
 
 Mrs. M. H. Hixon 81 
 
 Hem-y A. Katner 71 
 
 Hiram Walsh 77 
 
 Egedius Raser 73 
 
 Uriah Every 73 
 
 Mrs. M. Rawson 71 
 
 Leonard Pleeman 80 
 
 Mrs. Sally Poucher 73 
 
 Mrs. Rachel Vau Gieson . 79 
 Mrs. Esther Jenkins ...74 
 Emanuel Glimps 
 
 Mrs. L. Hibner 81 
 
 Wm. C. Rogers 
 
 Sheldon Whitcomb 
 
 Mrs. Clarissa Walter. . ..74 
 
 Mrs S. Whitcomb 
 
 Mrs. Becker 
 
 Andrew Schillinger 84 
 
 Mrs. Mary Schillinger. .73 
 
 Mr. Maine Babcock 73 
 
 Mrs. Lucy Conklin 73 
 
 James Halliday 83 
 
 Joseph Rawson 74 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Raab 84 
 
 Mrs. Renanna Every. . ..71 
 
 Mrs. Regina Brown 74 
 
 Joseph Bauer 71 
 
 Frederick Egler 71 
 
 Marvin Burke 78 
 
 Christina Boetner 90 
 
 John Pellenberger 71 
 
 Thomas Flynn 76 
 
 Charles Fisher 71 
 
 Gotlob Gruner 83 
 
 Mrs.Parmelia Halliday. 76 
 
 Mrs. B'heba Heggie 74 
 
 Miss Nellie June 87 
 
 Mrs. Martha Judd 83 
 
 Mrs. Mary Kotts 78 
 
 John Lehn 71 
 
 Mrs. Eva Mann 74 
 
 Mrs. Emily Mitchell 73 
 
 Simon P.. Nisle 83 
 
 Jos. Rawson (died 1881).74 
 Mrs. Veronigha Reiser. .73 
 Mrs. Adeline Spencer. . .75 
 Mrs. Sarah Taylor 73 
 
 THE TOWN HALL. 
 
 The first annual township meeting held in the town hall was 
 that of April 6, 1857. The question of erecting a town hall was 
 brought before the Township Board April 2, 1855, when a build- 
 ing committee was appointed, comprising Daniel Le Baron, T). W. 
 Palmer, Norman Calhoun and W. H. Aulls. This committee 
 reported June 22, 1855, and was discharged. Another committee 
 was appointed April 7, 1856, composed of Norman Calhoun, Lewis 
 Potts, Junius Short and Ransom Bradley. Those gentlemen were 
 authorized to locate the town hall witliin one and one-fourth miles 
 of the geographical center of the township, and instructed to have 
 it completed by November, 1856, if possible, so that the next town 
 meeting might be held therein. To enable them to accomplish 
 this, a sum of $250 was ordered to be raised and added to the sum 
 of $300 already voted for that purpose. The hall was formally 
 opened in September, 1856. On April 6, 1857, the following act 
 was passed by the Board : " Yoted, that the town hall be opened 
 for moral and scientiffic lectures, and for funerals." It would appear 
 strange now-a-days to have such a hall devoted to funeral purposes. 
 
 FIRST TOWNSHIP BY-LAWS. 
 
 The adoption of the following "By-laws for Bridgewater" char- 
 acterized the second meeting of the township government in 1834. 
 "Voted, that thirty dollars be raised for the support of the poor; 
 voted, that four dollars be a bounty on every full grown wolf; 
 
BEIDGEWATKR TOWNSHIP. 1359 
 
 voted, that all hogs weighing upwards of forty pounds shall be 
 free commoners, under forty not free unless with a good sufficient 
 yoke; voted, that a lawful fence shall be four feet and a half high, 
 and the cracks in the fence two feet up shall not exceed four inches; 
 voted, that there shall be one poundmaster in each surveyed town- 
 ship — Ephraim Gilbert Poundmaster for the east, Frederick Val- 
 entine for the west; voted, that each pathmaster be fence- viewer; 
 voted, that the next township meeting be held at the house of Ste- 
 phen Walters." Such by-laws were adopted by the township 
 Board, to be in force until the next annual meeting. 
 
 MASKING THE CATTLE. 
 
 In olden times it was the custom to mark cattle and horses, as it 
 was also the duty of the owner to register the mark so used. On 
 the records of Bridgewater this practice was carried out so exten- 
 sively that many pages of the small record books of early days 
 are devoted to descriptions of such 'cattle, horses, etc. An entry 
 of this kind may be given thus: 
 
 By request of Levi B. Pratt, of Bridgewater, a mark for his horses, cattle, sheep 
 and hogs is to be a square crop on the end and two slits on the underside of the 
 left ear of s'd animals. 
 
 A notice should be served on one or other of the township offi- 
 cials when astray animal would come into the possession of a citi- 
 zen, in this manner: 
 
 Mt.R. Higgle Sir I have one stray steer that came in with my kattle about the 
 first of July last he is red and white mostly white with a half crop of the underside 
 of the left ear and to all appearances a small three-year-old maybe four, long slim 
 horns, one a little topt. Nathan Mabtin. 
 
 Bridgewater Nov'r the 37th 1833. 
 
 EOBBET H. HbGGIB 
 
 Town Clerk. 
 
 Another notice is given to Mr. Conklin in this way: 
 
 Mr. Conklin Sir I have one stray bull which came to my house about the middle 
 of Nov two years old small size brindle a white spot iu his forehead about two 
 thirds of his tail white and both hind feet with a slit in his right ear. 
 
 Dec. 18th 1834. Wm. Baldwin. 
 
 When animals were not sought after within a certain period, the 
 finder or other party might demand that such animal should be 
 appraised, and purchased at such appraised value. The valuation 
 was made and recorded as follows : 
 
 Washtenaw County )> s. s. 
 
 I, M. McDougal, Justice of the Peace in and for the said county do certify 
 that on this 36 day of November 1850 did appraise a certain stray pony colt of a 
 Bay color supposed to be three years old taken up by Dennis Lancaster of the 
 township of Bridgewater at the sum of twenty-five dollars. 
 Dated Bridgewater November 
 36 1850 M. McDougal, 
 
 Justice of the Peace. 
 
1360 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Notwithstanding this fair appraisal, the parties interested 
 brought the matter into the courts and paid heavily for so doing. 
 
 It is unnecessary to enter more fully into this subject. That 
 such marks were in existence, and such records made, cannot be 
 doubted, neither can they be ridiculed. To-day the cavalry horses 
 of the European armies are branded distinctively ; and certainly, if 
 the animals of uniformed villainy of this century require to be 
 marked, the absolute necessity of marking the horses and cattle of 
 the honest early settlersof the western woods cannot be questioned. 
 
 OLD TRAILS AND INDIAN VISITORS. 
 
 The Pottowatomies and Sacs liad each a trail, the Sacs along 
 the west bank and the other tribe along the east bank of the Raisin. 
 In 1832 a band of Indians visited the Bridgewater district. 
 This was during the Sac war excitement, so that the settlers 
 watched the movements of the dusky warriors. This watchful- 
 ness on the part of tlie settlers resulted in the capture of a squaw 
 by Simeon Spencer; while Levi D. Smith and other officers from 
 Clinton arrested the warriors, and brought them to Clinton. Here 
 the Indians, harmless in themselves, began to suspect the whites 
 of treachery, and accordingly loaded their muskets to commence a 
 fight, when a Chicago man, who understood the Indian language, 
 reasoned with the braves and quelled what would have proved a ter- 
 rible calamity to the settlement. 
 
 INDIANS RETURNING. 
 
 ' In 1843, when the Indians were returning from Maiden, they 
 camped on the land now forming the farm of Zerah Jenkins, and 
 there indulged in their barbarous festival, maddened by drink, 
 tobacco and sugar purchased at Maiden and Detroit. John T. 
 Calhoun, Jacob Piatt, Harvey Gilbert and Geo. L. Calhoun walked 
 down to visit them, when a squaw walked up deliberately to J. T. 
 Calhoun, asked for whisky, and meeting with a refusal, the red 
 woman struck him a terrible blow, stunning him and laying him 
 prostrate. This was the first and last blow struck at this pioneer. 
 
 GOING TO MILL. 
 
 Mrs. B. H. Felton, in her paper read before the Washtenaw 
 County Pioneer Society by R. Eandall, of Clinton, says: 
 
 " In those early days we had to get our grinding done at 
 Brownsville. I recollect in 1831 Mr. Carpenter took his ox team,^ 
 went out to Lodi or that vicinity, purchased a grist of wheat, got 
 as far as Clinton, staid over night and early in the morning went 
 to Brownsville, dug potatoes to pay for his breakfast, had his grind- 
 ing done, and reached home the second night. There was no more 
 wheat to be had on any conditions, so we cut small patches of the 
 
BBIDGEWATEE TOWNSHIP. 1361 
 
 freen wheat, dried it until it conld be threshed, then boiled it. 
 n this manner we sustained ourselves until harvest. Jacob Gil- 
 bert ground corn in a coffee-mill to supply his family until the 
 harvest gave them better fare. We had no road on which to travel 
 in those days, but went by Indian trails and by marked trees. 
 We might have adopted the language of Alexander Selkirk, and 
 with the greatest truthfulness exclaimed : 
 
 a' 
 
 " The sound of the church-going bell 
 
 These valleys and woods never heard, 
 Nor sighed at the sound of a knell, 
 
 Or smiled when a Sabbath appeared." 
 
 THE RESULT OF 80NDAT TRAVELING. 
 
 In the fall of 1830 Jacob Gilbert and James Orampton started 
 out on the Pottawatomie trail on Sunday morning, to see- what 
 they could discover, taking their fire-arms along. The sight of 
 game lured them from the trail, and so they lost their way. "After 
 wandering about until nearlj' midnight they came upon a small 
 cabin where a man was living alone. They stayed one night with 
 this man, took breakfast, left their game with their host, and started 
 out, confident of reaching home in an hour or so ; but to their sur- 
 prise night found them at the same cabin again. Next morning 
 they went forth with fresh zeal, traveled all day, and when night 
 came they were an unknown distance from any known point. They 
 built a fire, cooked some game, and slept by the side of a friendly 
 log, with Heaven's dome over them. The following day being 
 Wednesday, they still started afresh.' The fortunes of the day were 
 similar to the previous days, and night found them in the trackless 
 wilderness. They cooked game and lay cown to "meditate on the 
 uncertainty of human events." Thursday morning Mrs. Crampton 
 solicited one or two neighbors to go in search of the wanderers. 
 These neighbors promised to search for the fugitives if they did 
 not return by noon, but just before 12 m. the heart of Mrs. Cramp- 
 ton was made glad by the safe arrival of her husband and his 
 companion. Such were a few of the perils attendant on early 
 settlement. 
 
 WOLF-SLATEES. 
 
 John Haynes, a celebrated hunter of the district in early years, 
 went out one Sunday, when he saw what appeared to him to be five 
 foxes. He took aim and sent one bullet through the bodies of the 
 whelps. Ongoing down he found that he had killed five wolves. 
 About the same time the Gilbert brothers and Geo. Haight dis- 
 covered a hole on the east bank of the Raisin, wherein were seven 
 young wolves. These animals were smoked out, and their captors 
 received,$91 State and township bounty for the scalps. In 1835 
 the township paid outtoWitherelland H. W. Sessions, $16; to John 
 
1362 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 B. Crane, $i, and to Joseph Anils, $4, as bounty on wolves killed 
 during that year. 
 
 FIRST EVENTS. 
 
 The first birth was that of Henrietta Hixon, who in later years 
 married Rev. D. Kedzie, of Three Rivers. The first marriage was 
 that of Dennis Lancaster and Harriet Frederick. The ceremony 
 was performed by Howell B. Norton. The first death was that of 
 Mrs. Thomas Bolton, who was buried on the bank of the Raisin in 
 section 21. The first settler was Daniel Hixon. The first log 
 cabin was built by Daniel Hixon. The first frame house was built 
 by Daniel Brooks. The first frame barn was built in 1834: by Rev. 
 Robert Powell. The first district school-house was built on section 
 28 in 1834; and the school was taught by Norman L. Conklin. 
 The first saw-mill was erected on the" East Bend " of the Raisin 
 by Jacob Gilbert, in 1834. The first grist-mill was built by Wm. 
 W. Aunin in 1857. The first church was erected on section one 
 in 1855 by the German Lutherans, with Rev. Mr. Foltz as pastor. 
 
 INDUSTEIES. 
 
 The cider-mill of Wm. Hankee is on the N. E. quarter of sec- 
 tion 20. This was built about 1870. 
 
 The Hankee saw-mill is situated where the old saw-mill was 
 built by Wm. Hankee in 1870. 
 
 The Taylor and the Morris saw-mills existed up to 1870, when a 
 fire destroyed both. A shoddy mill was established here; but ow- 
 ing to the difficulty of obtaining rags, it was discontinued. 
 
 The Southern Washtenaw Farmers' Mutual Fire Ins. Co. has its 
 office in Bridgewater. Junius Short is president and D. W. Pal- 
 mer, secretary. This company has a membership of 225, with a 
 capital stock of $542,935. Owing to its local character the income 
 of the society for the year ending Dec. 31, 1880, was $142.79, and 
 the expenditure $119.65. The business of the company is carried 
 on in a most satisfactory manner, and the benefits conferred upon 
 the district much appreciated. 
 
 SCHOOLS OF BKIDGEWATEK. 
 
 There are nine school-districts in the township, numbered re- 
 spectively from 1 to 9. The names of the directors for the year 
 to the end of September, 1881, were Jacob Blum, Jacob Luckhardt, 
 Christian Saley, James Taylor, Alexander Seymour, E. M. LeBaron, 
 Peter S. Knight, Henry C. Calhoun and Geo. Calhoun. 
 
 Of the nine school buildings, eight are constituted of timber and 
 one of brick. The number of children between the ages of five and 
 twenty years in the township is set down at 390, and the number 
 attendant on school during the year ending Sept., 1880, 2^6. The 
 
BEIDGEWATEE TOWNSHIP. 1363 
 
 school property is valued at $3,035. The number of teachers era- 
 ployed in 1880 was 19, teaching in the aggregate 66^ months, or 
 about 106 days each, for which tliey received m toto the sum $1,- 
 129.75 or $59.46 each. The total expenditure for the year 1880 
 was $1,859.92, leaving $229.93 on hand at the close of that year. 
 The one-mill school tax for the year amounted to $643.90. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Brief personal sketches of old settlers and other citizens follow 
 here, as an essential part of the history of Bridgewater township. 
 
 William F. Allen was born July 19, 1813,. in New York State, and now resides 
 near Clinton, this State, where he owns 180 acres of land. His early days were 
 spent upon a farm, although he worked to some extent as a cooper. He after- 
 ward bought his present farm in Bridgewater tp., now consisting of 220 acres. 
 Receiving little education in life, except a practical one, he has through industry 
 accumulated the property before mentioned. He was married March 13, 1845, at 
 Clinton, to Miss Louisa Lincoln, of New York State. They have 4 children liv- 
 ing, and 1 deceased — Eva, who died in 1854. Emmet, the eldest, was born on the 
 homestead, in 1846 ; Frank, born in 1848, married Miss Lydia Van Gieson ; 
 George, bom in 1852, married Miss Emma Warner. 
 
 H. O. Blaiadell, miller at River Raisin, was born in this township June 
 26, 1838, and Is a son of James and Isabella (Smith) Blaisdell, natives of Virginia 
 and of Scotch descent. Commencing at the age of 19, he worked five years in a 
 mill at Manchester. In 1860 he married Sarah Jane Gray, also a native of this 
 county, and they have 1 child — Edgar S., born in 1876. Mr. B. has a home in 
 Manchester worth $1,000. 
 
 Christopher Bower, farmer, sec. 19 ; P. O., River Raisin ; was born in Germany 
 in 1887, the son of Jacob and Christina (Gumper) Bower ; came to this country at 
 the age of 14, settling in Freedom tp.; worked two years by the month to get a 
 start, the. first year receiving but $4 a month, but he has been a successful farmer, 
 now owning 256 acres of land, worth $65 an acre. In 1861 he married Mrs, Koern- 
 ing, nee Mary Ann Kern, who, at the time of this marriage, had 5 childi'en, and 
 since then 3 more have been bom in the family. Mr. B. is a Democrat, and 
 both he and his wife are Lutherans. 
 
 George Oalhoun, present Supervisor of Bridgewater tp., was born Feb. 21, 1834, 
 son of George L. and Angeline (Porter) Calhoun, _who settled in (his county as 
 early as 1832. During the winter of l831-'2 the family lived at Tecumseb, one 
 mile south of the present Center town hall ; in 1833 he bought a farm in this tp., 
 familiarly known to the residents in this section as the " Normal Calhoun 
 property," so called owing to its purchase by Normal Calhoun in 1836. Removing 
 to Jactoon county, George L. Calhoun there passed the remainder of life in 1850 ; 
 his wife, who is still living, resides in Pennsylvania. Georee, jr., was reared to 
 agricultural pursuits, and early gave promise of being the successful farmer that 
 he is to-day. In 1839 he was married to Otilla, daughter of N. L. Conklin. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Calhoun have 1 child — Henry, 1 having died in infancy. In 1875 
 occurred the death of Mrs. Calhoun, and in 1876 Mr. C. was united in marriage 
 with Cleantha, daughter of C. H. Randall. Mr. Calhoun has filled many of the 
 local offices of Bridgewater tp. with rare credit, oflaoiating as Town Clerk in 
 1874-'5. In 1880 he was re-elected Town Clerk, and elected the present year 
 Supervisor. Formerly he held the position of Town Treasurer; was six years in 
 office as Highway Commissioner ; was nominated as Justice of the Peace, but 
 refused to qualify. 
 
 Normal L. Conklin was bom in New York in 1808, the son of Abram and 
 Thankful (Dennis) Conklin, natives of the Eastern States, and of Dutch ancestry. 
 Mr. C. received a good education in the district school and at an academy. At 
 the age of 18 he commenced teaching school, and continued in the profession 16 
 years ; during the intervals he followed farming. He now owns 160 acres of good 
 land on sec. 17. He came here in early pioneer times, with only $2 in money, 
 worked hard and economized closely. In 1831 he married Lucy Lazell, a native 
 
1364 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of Massachusetts, and of Dutcli descent, and they have had 8 children, 7 of whom 
 are living, 6 hoys and 1 girl ; all of these are married and doing well. March 30, 
 1881, Mr. and Mrs. C. celebrated their golden wedding, at which their children 
 and all but one of their 13 grandchildren, were present. Politically, Mr. C. is a 
 Democrat, and he has been Tp. Clerk, Supervisor, School Inspector and Overseer 
 of the Poor. He is also a promieent member of the Pioneer Society. 
 
 Charles T. Crane, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., 
 in ] 814, son of Archer and Viliti a Crane, natives of Connecticut, who moved to N. Y. 
 State in pioneer times. In 1834 Archer Crane with his family came to Washte- 
 naw county and flrst settled in Freedom tp., bought 80 acres of land, and soon 
 after so]d, and purchased other property in Lenawee county. Charles Crane was 
 reared in Washtenaw county. In 1837 he purchased land in Livingston county, 
 which he retained possession of two and one-half years, when he bought where 
 he now lives, 100 acres, and where he has been an honored resident for the past 15 
 years. In 1887 he was married to Amai-yllis, a daughter of Ozias and Martha 
 Judd, natives of Onondaga county, N. Y. There are 6 children— Celeste, who 
 married Calvin Lazell; Edith, who married Erastus Walter; Clarence, Ida, 
 Archie and Lyle reside at the homestead. 
 
 Charles Dicherson, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Manchester; was born in New York 
 in 1817, the son of Peter and Hannah (Easton) Dickerson, of Holland descent. 
 The subject of this sketch was at flrst a blacksmith, but he has spent the most of 
 his life as a farmer, now owning 143 acres of land. He came to this county in 
 1838, settling near Ypsilanti, but since 1840 he has lived in Bridgewater tp. He 
 is a Republican, and has been School Director a number of years. In 1854 he 
 married Helen WoodruflF, and their children are — Alfred C, Alta M., Charles 0. 
 Carrie E., Amariah E., and Grace M. 
 
 M. 8. Every, farmer, sec 23; P. O., River Raisin; was born in New York State 
 in 1833, the son of Uriah Every, who was born in 1809, and whose parents were 
 Reuben and Elizabeth (Whiteman) Every, of English ancestry. Uriah was mar- 
 ried in 1831, to Rosanna Sanford, and they had 5 children, all of whom are mar- 
 ried and doing well. M. S., the subject of this notice, occupies a farm adjoining 
 that of his father. They have been residents of this State since 1834, most of the 
 time in Jackson and Washtenaw counties. In 1851 M. S. was married to Mary 
 Hildreth ; they had 1 son — Willie, and Mrs. E. died in 1871 ; the same year Mr. E. 
 married Emma Culver, and they have 1 child. Flora M. He is a Republican, and 
 a Deacon in the Baptist Church, of which he and his wife are members. 
 
 Benjamin B. Fisk, (deceased), was born in Connecticut about 1800, where he 
 married Lydia Aldrich; moved to New York State, where he followed black- 
 smithing for some years ; came West in May, 1830, and settled at Clinton, Lenawee 
 Co., where he was the pioneer blacksmith. He died in 1883, and was the first 
 early settler interred at Clinton. Mrs. Fisk died in 1878. There are 4 children — 
 Leander, a resident of Oakland, married Fanny Ellis, daughter of Dr. Ellis ; Wel- 
 come V. married Miss Amanda Vaughn, and some years after the death of his 
 flrst wife he married Mrs. Mary Fulton; Henry A. was born in this county, 
 where he married Miss Jane Brown, a daughter of Kinner N. Brown, who is the 
 owner of 96 acres in Bridgewater, a shrewd business man and successful farmer; 
 Clinton B., a prominent banker of New "i ork, married Jennette Crippen, a daugh- 
 ter of L. D. Cotton, of Coldwater. 
 
 Charles Oadd, who ranks among the most substantial tarmers of this tp. 
 is a native of Somersetshire, England, where he was born in 1831. He followed 
 farming there until March, 1843, when he married Elizabeth Gregory, and with 
 his wife sailed for America. Mr. Gadd settled in Salina tp., where he 
 bought 40 acres of land, and afterward owned 130 acres ; residing there until 
 1851, he bought 140 acres of land in this tp. and erected a substantial residence 
 in 1873. Mr. and Mrs.. Gadd have 6 children living — William, Sarah, Florence, 
 Angle, George and Charles. John is deceased. 
 
 Emanuel and Ezra Olimpa, who take a leading position as agriculturists in 
 this county, are natives of N ew Jersey, but accompanied their parents to Ontario 
 county, N. Y., where they passed their youth; in June 1838, they settled on sec. 
 23 in this tp., where they each invested in 80 acres of land apiece; they now own 
 jointly 250 acres; in 1878 purchasing the Elder Powell farm, consisting of 90 
 acres, on which they have erected, in all probability, the best farm residence in 
 Bridgewater tp. Emanuel married Eleanor Jacobs, a daughter of Wm. Jacobs, of 
 New York State. 
 
EKIDGEWATEB TOWNSHIP. 1365 
 
 John Immer, farmer, sec. 3 ; P. O., Mancliester ; was born in Germany in 1813, 
 son of John Immer, sr.; learned the cooper trade in the old country; came to 
 America in 1837, settled in Freedom tp., this county, since which time he has 
 followed farming, with success, now owning 150 acres of land on sec. 9, which he 
 has had since 1849. In 1843 he married Mary Graff, and they now have 5 sons 
 and 3 daughters, namely: Mary A., Joseph, Elizabeth, John, Frank A., George, 
 Louis and Caroline H. Politically, Mr. Immer is a Democrat. 
 
 Henry H. Katner was born in Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1803, and is a son of Peter 
 and Abigail Katner, who were residents of that county during the pioneer period ; 
 and in this county young Henry grew to manhood. In 1833 he settled in Bridge- 
 water tp., on an 80-acre tract of land, bought from Government. Returning to 
 New York State that year, he married Miss Lydia H., daughter of Sylvanus and 
 Polly (Knapp) Starr, and soon thereafter settled again in this tp., where he has 
 since resided, and accordingly among the few now living who are residing upon 
 land obtained from the Government. He is among the more worthy citizens of 
 Bridgewater, where through the efforts of himself and pioneer wife he has ob- 
 tained possession of 125 acres of valuable land. Many years ago Mr. Katner was 
 Assessor of Bridgewater tp. Mr. and Mrs. K. have 4 children— Sarah A., who 
 married first John Bradley and subsequently Hiram Wells; Katy A., a resident 
 of Manchester, married Chauncey S. Fox; Mary E., married W. O. Westfall, a 
 prominent attorney of Grand Rapids, Mich. ; Wm. H., who resides on the home- 
 stead, married Miss Julia Lathrop. 
 
 Charles Koerning was born in Germany in 1842, the son of Henry and Augusta 
 Koerning ; learned the trade of miller,'which was also the occupation of his 
 father ; came to America in 1867 ; was married in 1870 to Mary Marquet, also a 
 native of Germany, and they have 6 children ; since 1874 he has kept a saloon or 
 restaurant at the River Raisin. In politics, he is a Democrat, and is now serving 
 his fourth term as Constable. 
 
 Martin Kress (deceased) was born in Pennsylvania in 1804 ; his youth was 
 spent in Eastern Ohio, and in an early day he moved to New York State, where 
 he was married to Miss Polly Early, a daughter of James Early, of Pennsylvania. 
 In 1839 Martin Kress, accompanied by his family, settled in this tp., but purchased 
 land in Ingham county ; he died shortly afterward in this county. James, the 
 eldest son, was born in New York State in 1828, and from boyhood has followed 
 agricultm-al pursuits. In 1854 he was married to Ruth Aulls, a daughter of "Wm. 
 H. Aulls, a pioneer of Washtenaw county, and. they had 1 child — Francis. 
 Mrs. Kress died in 1868, and in 1869 he married Mary C, daughter of Hiram 
 Welch, whose sketch appears elsewhere. One child blessed this union — Frances. 
 Mr. K. owns 128 acres and a costly frame residence in Jackson county, where he 
 lived four years. He was Supervisor there, and also creditably filled the same 
 position in this county. He is extensively engaged in the breeding of flne- 
 wooled sheep, and is unusually successful as a farmer. 
 
 Oe^rge Lazell was born in Massachusetts May 13, 1799, the son of Alvin and 
 Sarah (Stocking) Lazell, natives of the same State and of French ancestry ; re- 
 ceived his education in a log school-house ; from the age of 21 to 30 he taught 
 school during the winter ; taught the first school in Clinton, Washtenaw Co., in 
 1830 ; he has lived in this county for over half a century, and reared a family oi 
 5 children. He was in the Black Hawk war. In 1832 he married Deborah, 
 daughter of Joseph Gillett, but she died in February of the next year, and in 
 1835 he married Eliza Slade, a native of New York, and they had 3 sons and 2 
 daughters. Mrs. L.'s mother is still living, in New York, and is over 100 years 
 old. The children are : Barton, H. M., Eliza Jane, Betsey and Slade. Mr. L. is 
 a Democrat, and has been Supervisor in this county 20 years, and has held 
 other offices. He owns 120 acres of good land on sec. 28. He obtained his start 
 in the world by working by the month. 
 
 Daniel Le Baron was born in Genesee county, N. Y., in 1817, son of Francis 
 and Sabra Le Baron, natives of Connecticut and Vermont respectively. Daniel 
 received his education in district and select schools. In 1842 he married Jane 
 Farley, and in 1848 came West and first settled in York tp., this county ; in 1852 
 he moved to this tp., where he purchased 80 acres, which he recently sold to E. 
 S. Tate, of Clinton. Mrs. Le Baron died in 1872. Of the 4 children, 3 are living 
 — Mrs. Annette Lazell, Clarence, a resident of Flint, Mich., and Edith, a resident 
 of Lockport. In 1875 Mr. L. was married to Mrs. Martha Gray, relict of Thomas 
 Gray, and daughter of Isaac and Elsie Ayres. There was born of this second 
 
1366 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 marriage 1 child — Burt. In 1854 Mr. Le Baron was elected Supervisor, and for a 
 period of over 32 years he ably filled this position of local responsibility. Mr. L. 
 contemplates removing to Tuscola Co., Mich., where he has invested his means 
 in the purchase of 120 acres of land. Many in this community will miss him 
 from their midst, and kindly cherish the memory of a good neighbor. 
 
 Malcolm McDougall was born in New York May 11, 1814, the son of Samuel 
 and Catherine (McFarlane) McDougall, natives also of the Empire State, of Scotch- 
 Irish ancestry ; followed farming and received his education mostly in New Jersey ; 
 came to Washtenaw county in 1838, settling in Bridgewater tp., where he now 
 owns 160 acres of good land and resides on sec. 29, in a neat and substantial res- 
 idence. In 1843 he married Monimia McFarlane, and they had 2 children; she 
 died in 1879. He is a Democrat, and has been Tp. Clerk and Justice of the Peace 
 for nine successive years. 
 
 D. W. Palmer. — There is a tradition that three brothers named Palmer came 
 from England, two of them settling in Connecticut, and one in Rhode Island, and 
 that of the former had a sou named Joseph, who became a celebrated physician ; 
 the latter had 2 sons, one of whom, Joseph (3d) married Susan Kinney, and had 
 7 sons and 4 daughters — Stephen, born June 14, 1771 ; Joseph (3d) was born Nov. 
 18, 1778, and married Abigail Wheeler, May 12, 1805, daughter of David and Pru- 
 dence Wheeler. Mr. Wheeler died when Abigail was an infant, and Stephen 
 Palmer married the widow, thus becoming father-in-law to his brother. To 
 Joseph (3d) and Abigail were born, June 5, 1807, David W., the subject of this 
 biography, Abigail, Sept. 7, 1809; Harry M., Nov. 22, 1813; and Russell D., Dec. 
 35, 1818. ■ 
 
 David W. Palmer married Flora L. Randall March 19, 1829, and Dec. 30 fol- 
 lowing, a son, Francis Marion, was born. Mrs. P. died Oct. 2, 1833, and Mr. 
 Palmer Dec. 21, 1837, married Fidelia D. Randall, and to them have been born — 
 Florae, Nov. 31, 1838; Emmett N., June 9, 1840; Albert F., May 24, 1847; 
 Henry R., Feb. 12, 1849 ; Abbie S.. July 34, 1853 ; and Ara H., Oct. 4, 1856. David 
 W. was born in Poluntown, Windham Co., Ct., and in 1810 the family moved to 
 Madison county, N. Y., settling in Lenox tp., where he went to school and worked 
 in pioneer woods. The winters of 1834^'5-'6 he hauled pine logs from the pinery 
 of the noted statesman, Gerrit Smith, of Peterboro, five miles distant, preparatoiy 
 to building a dwelling-house. Preparing to leach school he, having no assistance 
 from living instructors, experienced the hard woi'k and tasted the sweets of self- 
 education. For a number of years he taught school during the winter and fol- 
 lowed the farm during the summer. He was married March 19, 1839, but his 
 wife died some time afterwai'd, and then he entered the Academy at Munnsville, 
 Oneida Co., under the superintendence of the celebrated mathematician, Tobias 
 Ostrander, who soon after offered him the position of teaching his large grammar 
 class, and to reward him with special instruction in higher mathematics. A va- 
 cancy occurring, Mr. Palmer took the place of assistant in the chemical depart- 
 anent of Hamilton College ; next, taught a select school near home ; then, in the 
 spring of 1836, in order to invigorate his health, he commenced traveling for a 
 book firm in New York, to sell books bj^ subscri]3tion. He traveled through 
 many of the western counties of New York and Northern Pennsylvania ; but 
 faihng to receive his pay, he emigrated to this State in October (1836) in company 
 with an uncle, coming by way of the Erie canal on a line boat, and by steamer 
 on Lake Erie, on which they were tossed about by wind three days and nights. 
 The Maumee being too low for them to make Toledo, the passengers were left at 
 the mouth of the River Raisin, five miles distant, on the wreck of another vessel. 
 A small steamer soon came to their relief and landed them in Monroe. This was 
 Friday afternoon. They went to the stage office to secure passage out into the 
 country, and the clerk, looking over his books and seeing that the men were all 
 stout enough to carry a rail, said they could go by the following Tuesday, and 
 that he should charge them $7 each, to ride to Tecumseh ! But these independ- 
 ent yeomanry soon found a teamster who would take their trunks at |3 each, 
 while they would foot it. 
 
 When Mr. Palmer arrived in this tp. (Bridgewater) he found he had but $3 in 
 money. He accordingly commenced teaching school immediately, in order to 
 obtain a little money. His school was a private one, in Clinton, where he soon 
 had all the pupils he could take care of His postage bill averaged $1 a week ; 
 letters 35 cents each, and no pre-payment required. He next bought 40 acres of 
 land and two village lots in Brooklyn, Jackson Co., and the following May (1837) 
 
JiEIDGKWATEE TOWNSHIP. 1367 
 
 returned to New York, worked through hay-making and hai-vest, and in the fall 
 he came back to Michigan, bringing his little son, and taught school in Clin- 
 ton. In December he married his present wife, leaving his son with his Grand- 
 father Randall ; taught school during the winters and farmed during the summers 
 for seven years ; then purchased of the State the southwest quarter of sec. 16, tp. 
 4 S., of range 4 E., then in a wild state. This purchase he made in order, prin- 
 cipally, to give his children physical training at farm work. They cleared the 
 land, plowed the " openings," with six yoke of oxen and a mammoth plow, split 
 rails, made fence, put up buildings and prospered. The children attended a 
 good school, about 70 rods distant, and ultimately became teachers, — F. M., four- 
 terms ; Flora C, two terms ; Emmett IST., seven terms, and is now a graduate of 
 the medical department of Michigan University and a practicing physician; 
 Albert F., 30 terms, and served six years as County Superintendent of Schools 
 for Woodson coimty, Kan. ; Henry R., 11 terms, and now Tp. Supt. of Schools 
 for this tp. ; Abbie S., eight terms, and Ara H., six terms. 
 
 Mr. Palmer taught school a part of each year for 17 successive years ; was 
 School Inspector in New York eight years and in Michigan 30 years. He also 
 had an interesting experience as a member of the drilling squads after the war of 
 1813 for many years, and after coming "West he was appointed Captain for the 
 south half of Bridgewater, and afterward Colonel, whicli latter otflce he resigned. 
 In 1869 he was employed as Secretary of the "Washtenaw Farmers' Mutual Insu- 
 rance Company, and he kept their books when their capital stock was $5,500,000. 
 He is now Secretary of the Southern "Washtenaw Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance 
 Company. He was never ambitious for public ofiice. 
 
 A portrait of Mr. Palmer appears on page 1209 of this volume. 
 
 Mra. Fidelia D. Palmer, nee Randall, wife of the preceding, came to Michigan 
 in the fall of 1836, with her parents and other members of her father's family, 
 being then at the age of 16 They came by canal to Buffalo, and by steamboat to 
 Detroit, being 10 days in making the journey from Canastota to Detroit, and twp 
 and a half days with teams from Detroit to Bridgewater. She tauglit a winter 
 term of school in Bridgewater after her arrival in Michigan, and the summer fol- 
 lowing on what was theo Napoleon (now Norvell) Plains. The school-house in 
 which she taught was the first one built in the township. It was made of logs, 
 with a huge fire-place in one end, and the seats were slabs, with sticks for legs and 
 without backs. Her parents were both natives of New London Co., Conn., father 
 of Stonington and mother of Groton. Her father's name was Boswell Randall, 
 and he was the son of Peleg and Hannah Randall, of Scotch descent, the former a 
 soldier of the Revolution and afterwards a minister of the Baptist denomination. 
 
 Her maternal grandfather's name was Zedediah Morgan, and he was one of the 
 garrison at Fort Griswold ; was home on a permit to visit his family, when the 
 attack was made by Arnold, and hearing the firing, started at once. "Wlien he 
 arrived In sight he saw the British just leaving, and on reaching the fort found his 
 commander. Col. Ledyard, and also maay of his immediate friends and neighbors, 
 weltering in their blood. Her gi-andfatber Morgan moved from Connecticut to 
 Bridgewater, Oneida Co., N. Y., about 1797. Her father came to the same place in 
 1799, and was married to Priscilla, the daughter of Jedediah and Lois Morgan, in 
 1801, and in 1805 removed to Lenox, Madison Co., N. Y.. where they resided until 
 they came to Michigan. Her father was a man well educated for the times; he 
 taught 11 winters, held many offices of trust in the town, and at one time was 
 appointed by the Governor one of three commissioners to treat with the Stock- 
 bridge Indians for the purchase of their lands. He was a soldier in the war of 1813, 
 holding a Lieutenant's commission, acting as Captain at Sackett's Harbor. 
 
 Mrs. Palmer is the youngest of 8 children, and has 3 brothers and 1 sister still 
 living — R. Randall, of Clinton, Lenawee Co. ; Mrs. J. M. Colgrove of "Winchester, 
 Tenn. ; 8. A. Randall, of Momence, 111. ; and the Hon.F. P. Randall, of Fort "Wayne, 
 Ind., for many years Mayor of that city, and once Senator of that State. 
 
 Francis M. Palmer, an enterprising farmer of this tp., was born in New York 
 State in 1829, the son of David "W. and Flora L. (Randall) Palmer, the father a 
 native of New .Jersey and the mother of New York, both of English descent. 
 Francis was reared on the farm, and came with his parents to this county in 1837. 
 He taught school five winters, working on a farm during the intervals. He has 
 made of life a success, and now owns 110 acres of good land, with a neat and 
 substantial residence ; is a breeder of short-horn Durham cattle and thorough- 
 bred Merino sheep. He is a Democrat, and a Notary Public, and has been School 
 
1368 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTS. ' 
 
 Director and Tp. Treasurer. March 4, 1875, he married Oli^te L. Soper, of Jack- 
 son county, Mich., and they have 1 child — Nettie B. 
 
 Joseph Lawson was horn at Northampton, England, in 1807 ; in 1829 crossed the 
 ocean and for a time worked as a baker at Albany and Saratoga Springs, having 
 been regularly aporenticed to this vocation in England ; in 1838 he was married 
 to Mercy Hoyt, a daughter of James P. Hoyt ; two years previous to his marriage 
 Mr. H. was a teacher in district schools, and also among the pioneer teachers of 
 this county, whither he removed in 1834, and in 1836 became a permanent settler 
 in this tp., where he invested in 160 acres of unimproved land. He was unusually 
 industrious, and was soon on the high road to prosperity. He died Dec. 11,1880; 
 his pioneer wife and 4 children survive him, who through his industrious efforts 
 are comfortably situated in life. 
 
 Mrs. Seelye, "the eldest of the children, is a resident of this tp. ; Martha married 
 James Gregory, residence Saline; Mary married Wallace Dell, of Bridgewater; 
 George, from whom this sketch is obtained, and who ranks among the more pub- 
 licspirited citizens of Bridgewater, was married to Elizabeth Nestell, a daughter 
 of John B. Nestell, but this lady died of consumption in 1875, soon after her 
 marriage. In 1877 Mr. R. married Mrs. Ella King, a daughter of Rufus King, a 
 pioneer of this tp. Mr. and Mrs. R. have 2 children — Elizabeth and Frank. Mr. 
 Rawson is the owner of 149 acres of land. 
 
 Junius Short, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Livingston county. New 
 York, in 1819; in 1840 he was married to Miss Betsey, daughter of Jacob and 
 Elvira Tiffany. In 1849 Mr. Short came West and located in this township, 
 where he bought in March, 1851, his present valuable farm of 140 acres. In 1857 
 he expended large sums of money upon an elegant residence, and erected extensive 
 barns and outbuildings for the shelter of stock. Mr. S. makes a specialty of rais- 
 ing fine-wooled sheep, having at the present writing, a tiock of 200. Mr. Short 
 frequently ships to the far West, and ranks high in this special line of farming. 
 There were born to Mr. and Mrs. Short 3 children — Elma, who married Dr. 
 Lynch, of Manchester; and Mary and Wilbur, 
 
 Oeorge Schmidt (deceased) was a native of Hesse Cassel,- Germany, where he 
 was born Oct. 25, 1826. He came to America in 1849, and settled first in Saline 
 and bought 82 acres of land in that township, residing there a number of years. 
 About 15 years ago be bought the property where his family now lives, consisting 
 of 80 acres, upon which stands a fine house,which was built in 1871 at a cost of sever- 
 al thousand dollf\rs. Mr. Schmidt was a very industrous man, and left his family 
 well provided for in life. He died Nov. 19, 1877, having had consumption the 
 last ten years of his life, and was laid at rest in the Bridgewater cemetery. He 
 had 5 children, 3 of whom are living — Henry, George and Fanny. Mrs. Schmidt 
 was married Feb. 16, 1881, to Edward Egan. 
 
 B. F. Starr, is a nalive of Palmyra, N. Y. ; at the age of 18 years he moved to 
 Michigan, and first located in Saline tp., where he bought and lived a number of 
 years ; afterward he moved to this tp., and bought farm property. He was mar- 
 ried to Miss Elizabeth E., a daughter of Elder Powell. Mr. and Mrs. StaiT are 
 now residents of Clinton, and are very comfortably situated in life. One child 
 was born to them — Octavia, who was married in Washtenaw county, Feb. 5, 1871, 
 to Washington W. Hess, of Plainfleld, 111., and they have 1 child — Minnie. 
 
 Thomas J. Van Qieson, farmer, sec. 22; P. O., Cl'inton; was born in Patterson, 
 N. J., Nov. 24, 1825, the son of John and Ellen (Van Riper) Van Gieson, natives 
 of New Jersey and of Dutch descent ; he came to the county in 1836, worked by 
 the month to get a start, has succeeded well in his calling, and now owns 160 
 acres of good land, which was entered by his father. His first marriage was to 
 Sarah P. George ; they had 1 child ; she died, and in 1874 Mr. V. married Rhoda 
 McNeil, a member of the Baptist Church. He is a Republican, politically. 
 
 Hiram Welch was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., in 1804 ; in 1832 he came 
 to Michigan, and first settled in Httsfield tp., in this county, where he bought a 
 farm of 80 acres ; this he partially cleared, and not long afterward erected a com- 
 fortable farm-house ; thence he moved to Scio, where he purchased 160 acres in 
 company with Edward Briggs ; and from time to time bought and sold other 
 tracts of land that proved remunerative investments. In 1852 he settled upon 
 his present property, on which he now resides, and on which he erected 23 years 
 ago his present residence. In 1824 he was married to Miss Mandy Briggs,"^ who 
 died in 1841, at Lodi ; in 1842 he was married to Maria Isbell. In 1869 his wife 
 was laid at rest in this county, and in 1871 Mr. W. married for his third wife, Miss 
 Louisa Lathrop. 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The town of Saline comprises all of township i south, of range 
 5 east. It was first settled in 1826 by Leonard Miller, who built 
 the first house in the town, near the salt spring, about one mile 
 south of the present village of Saline. Previous to this time, 
 and for a period of probably 200 years, it had been the home 
 of the red man, there being many evidences that near the salt 
 spring an Indian village once flourished. The Indian burying 
 ground upon the east bank of the river, south of the village, bears 
 evidence that this was one of their settlements. Early seekers for 
 relics did not hesitate to open the shallow graves, and the ground 
 was strewn with the bones of departed warriors. The existence of 
 several trails (six at least), all centering at this point, also attests its 
 importance in by-gone days. In the early part of this century the 
 tradition was current and undoubted among the old settlers of 
 Detroit and Monroe, that a very large Indian village existed around 
 and west of the springs. Fifty years ago the ruins of a well were 
 seen by some of the earliest settlers of the town, and the report 
 has heen current for half a century that salt was made here, and 
 also that a part of Gen. Anthony Wayne's army wintered here for 
 that purpose. There can be no doubt that the existence of salt at 
 this point drew the deer and other animals, and that the hunters, 
 first with their bows and arrows and afterward with their guns, 
 followed. 
 
 William M. Gregory, in a paper read before the Washtenaw 
 County Pioneer Society, says: " We cannot doubt that this region 
 was a favorite resort of the old Indian tribes, especially the Potta- 
 watomies. Driven from their fishing grounds on the Detroit river, 
 by the French, almost two centuries ago, they had but to pass the low 
 belt of timbered land to find this lovely Washtenaw. The}"^ found 
 fish in the streams; they found game in the forests and plains; and 
 good planting ground everywhere. Almost every old pioneer resi- 
 dent has, perhaps, some of the relics of their savage life. Those 
 relics of the stone age when implements of war, of the chase, and 
 of domestic life wore wrought from this material. Soon after the 
 year 1500 they were able to procure rude implements made of metal, 
 from their first visitors, the French,and these, in a measure, supple- 
 mented the other. But how to keep them in repair they knew 
 not. The iron axes and other tools we have found, almost always 
 lack an edge. Kude were their lives, and rude and ungainly were 
 the means bv which they sustained these lives. As the Indian 
 tribes were led to join the English, in the war of 1812, they never 
 could feel fally at peace with us afterward, and this accounts for 
 
 (1369) 
 
1370 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 that wonderful disappearance and retirement as the wave of civil- 
 ized life approaches them." 
 
 SUBFACE, SOIL AND TIMBEE. 
 
 The central portions of this town are undulating, but not hilly, 
 while the southeastern part is level, timbered land. While Saline 
 cannot boast of such beautiful and extensive plains as those of 
 Bridgewater and Lodi, it is remarkably free from waste and unpro- 
 ductive tracts. Small portions of sandy land, alternating with clay, 
 loam and alluvial, produce a very desirable variety of soil, adapted 
 to every kind of crop peculiar to this latitude; and the growth of 
 black walnut, butternut, maple and basswood, even upon the highest 
 lands, betoken a soil fertile and easily worked. While oak may be 
 stated as the most common timber, hickory and ash are also found, 
 
 MAESHES, SPEINGS AND WATEE-COUESES. 
 
 There is only one lake in the town, and the marshes, with one 
 exception, are small and few — all capable of cultivation, and highly 
 prized. The Saline river, which rises mainly in the town of 
 Bridgewater, enters the town on section 13, running in a north- 
 easterly direction, passing through sections 8, 4 and 3, into Lodi, 
 thence back iuto the town on section 1, running nearly south, 
 through sections 12 and 13, entering the town of York from the lat- 
 ter section. Macon creek rises on section 15, taking a southern 
 and southeastern course, and passes through sees. 22, 27, 26, 35 and 
 36 intoLenawee county and Spring Brook. These comprise all 
 the living streams in the town. Springs are not common. The 
 salt springs have undoubtedly been of greater note in years gone by 
 than they are at the present time. It has been reported that the 
 largest spring exists in tlie present bed of the river where it courses 
 through section 1. 
 
 EAELT SETTLEES OF THE TOWN. 
 
 As already stated, Leonard Miller was the first settler of the town, 
 erecting his cabin near the salt springs on section 1. Here he kept 
 a public house, entertaining in a hospitable manner all who chose 
 to partake of his bounty. The sign which he swung to the breeze 
 bore the inscription, " Live and Let Live." Mr. Miller died in 
 1830. 
 
 Daniel Cross built the second house in 1826, near Mr. Miller's, 
 and, like the latter, furnished entertainment for man and beast. 
 
 Another settler in 1826 was Russell Briggs, who located west of 
 the village, and is yet living upon the old homestead. Orrin and 
 Chester Parsons also settled the same year. Orrin Fuller came in 
 1828; Samuel Cross in 1830, as also George Miller. 
 
 Orange Eisdon purchased his land in 1824, but did not settle for 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1371 
 
 some years after. A full reference to this pioneer is made in the 
 biographical sketch following this history. 
 
 Orrin Parsons was a noted person in this town. He was born in 
 the town of Sandisfield, Berkshire Co., Mass, in 1794. In 
 1802 his parents removed to Windham, Greene Co., JST. T. 
 At 22 years of age he married Miss Eebecca Fuller. In 
 May, 1826, in company with his brother Chester, he purchased 160 
 acres of land on section 12. The next year, 1827, they erected the 
 first saw-mill in the town, which was of great benefit "to the early 
 settlers of all the surrounding region. The grist-mill was erected 
 soon after. At the second annual town meeting in Saline, in 1831, 
 Mr. Parsons was chosen supervisor, to succeed Mr. Davis, and was 
 re-elected in 1832, 1833, 1835, 1837, 1838, 1839 and 1840. He also 
 served as justice of the peace and in other town offices. In 1846 
 he was a member of the State Legislature. Mr. Parsons died at the 
 early age of 57. His life was one of great activity and enterprise. 
 He was public-spirited in a remarkable degree, and the poor and 
 suffering were sure to receive from him sympathy and aid. As the 
 owner of a grist-mill no one can recount the number and extent of 
 his benefactions. Brought up to no particular trade, as occasion 
 required he displayed a remarkable degree of ingenuity and me- 
 chanical skill, surpassed by very few men, even among the first 
 settlers of a new land. 
 
 Another prominent and public-spirited citizen of the town was 
 Julius Cruttenden, who was born in Poultney, Yt., in 1791, 
 and in 1831, with his father, Thomas Cruttenden, came to Saline 
 and purchased several hundred acres of land. In 1842 he was 
 elected supervisor, but died in September of that year, before the 
 expiration of his term . He was remarkably genial and popular. 
 In mentioning the early settlers of the town, there are three that 
 deserve special mention, from the fact that they were soldiers in the 
 Revolutionary war, in which each bore an honorable part.. 
 
 Timothy Cruttenden, in company with his son Julius, of whom 
 mention has been made, came to Saline in 1831, and died Septem- 
 ber, 1832, nearly eighty-five years of age. He was born in Guil- 
 ford, Connecticut, in 1147. While residing in Lenox, Berkshire 
 county, Massachusetts, he enlisted in the Revolutionary army. In 
 1776 he went to Montreal and Quebec. From the latter place our 
 forces retired on the approach of the British transports. In the 
 autumn of 1777 he shared in the notable campaign against Bur- 
 goyne; was in the battle at the ford of the North river, near Fort 
 Edward, where Burgoyne, after the last battle of Saratoga, attempted 
 to force his way back to Canada. He afterward witnessed the sur- 
 render of Burgoyne. 
 
 Archibald Armstrong was born about 1753, in one of the lower 
 counties of the Mohawk Yalley, New York. He was in Fort 
 Schuyler, now E.ome, when it was besieged by the British. He 
 was also in the battles at Cowpens, Monmouth, Germantown, and 
 finally at Yorktown, where he saw the surrender of Cornwallis. 
 
 79 
 
1372 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 He died about 1846. He came into Saline in 1832 with his son, 
 Schuyler Armstrong. It is said he was present at the execution of 
 Major Andre, the spy, and drummed his death-march. His grave 
 lies near the southeast corner of Saline village cemetery. 
 
 In the Benton burying ground near Chester Parsons', is a grave 
 unmarked by any monument — that of Dr. Francis Smith, another 
 Eevolutionary soldier. He was born in Khode Islsnd in 1761, came 
 to Saline about 1836, and died in 1839. He enlisted in the Eevo- 
 lutionary war at sixteen years of age. 
 
 Alfred and Asher Davis bought a large portion of section 13, May 
 13, 1826. The farms of Samuel Cross, Jonas Bond, J. L. Hoyt 
 and B. "Wienette are wholly or in part on this tract. Asher died 
 soon after the purchase. Alfred is still living at Grand Eapids. 
 He was the first Supervisor in the town. 
 
 Robert Mills bought the southeast quarter of section 16, May 
 8, 1830. He lived but a short time to enjoy the fruits of his en- 
 terprise. 
 
 Geo. W. Miller bought the northwest quarter of section 14, Sep- 
 tember 29, 1830. The death of Mr. and Mrs. Miller almost simul- 
 taneously a few years after was a public affiiction. 
 
 Norman G. Fowler took up May 17, 1831, the southeast quarter 
 of section 14, the farm now owned by Albert R. Clark. 
 
 Daniel Wallace and Daniel D. Wallace purchased upon the turn- 
 pike, three miles west of the village of Saline, in 1831. The 
 brother has passed away. His wife still lives, making her home 
 at Saline. 
 
 Lewis M. Phelps purchased June 12, 1832. He is the only one 
 remaining upon the original purchase, who attempts the cultivation 
 of his farm. Mr. Gregory and Russell Briggs retain portions of 
 their original purchases. 
 
 There are other men, and women, too, who are equally worthy 
 of honorable mention, among whom may be named Robert Ed- 
 munds, David Hammond, Freeman Moulton, Jeremiah and John 
 Smith, Smith Lapham, Aaron Goodrich, Robert Shaw, William M. 
 Gregory, John Kanouse, Robert Hammond, Geo. Partridge, Jo- 
 seph Annin, James Russell and Jacob Sherman. 
 
 FIRST THINGS. 
 
 The first building in the town was erected in 1826 by Leonard 
 Miller. 
 
 The first birth was a daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Miller — 
 now Mrs. Louisa Stoddard, of Lebanon, Clinton Co., Michigan. 
 
 Death claimed his first victim in the person of Asher Davis, who 
 died in 1827. His remains were interred on Whitney's farm, after- 
 ward moved near the Judd school-house, in York. 
 
 The first marriage seems to have been in the Benton district, on 
 the Chicago road, between Robert Craig and Miss Polly Gilbert, 
 on April 12, 1829, by Orange Risdou, a Justice of the Peace. Mrs. 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1373 
 
 Bisdon accompanied her husband on the same horse to the bride's 
 house, to witness the ceremony. 
 
 The first school-house erected in the original township of Saline 
 was in section 18, of what is now known as York. 
 
 The first school-house was upon the Chicago road, about a mile 
 west of the village of Saline, and built mainly through the efforts 
 of Russell Briggs, in the year 1831. 
 
 Calvin L^mb taught the first school, in the winter of 1831-'2, 
 and Miss Harriet Sumner afterward. Mrs. Eussell Mills taught 
 the next summer school. 
 
 The first election was held at the house of Orange Risdon, the 
 first Monday in April, 1830. 
 
 S. Douglas entered the first land in the town, the date of his pur- 
 chase being June 16, 1824. He bought 80 acres on section 5. 
 Orange Risdon bought the northeast quarter of section one, August 
 12, 1824. 
 
 The first mill built in the town was by Orrin and Chester Par- 
 sons, on Saline river, two miles south of the village, in 1827. This 
 was a saw-mill. 
 
 The first frame house in the original township of Saline was that 
 erected by Orrin Parsons, in 1829, on section 12. This is now 
 occupied by Mrs. M. M. Sumner, a daughter of Orrin Parsons. 
 
 SALT WORKS. 
 
 In 1863 a company was formed, composed of representative men 
 of the village and town, for the purpose of manufacturing salt from 
 the spring on section 12. A building was erected, a derrick put in 
 place, and boring commenced. After three unsuccessful attempts 
 to sink a well, the project was abandoned. There has always existed 
 a doubt in the minds of many whether the contractor engaged to 
 sink the well acted in good faith. The charge is boldly made that he 
 was bought off by rival interests. That salt has been made here in 
 years gone by cannot be doubted. Iron kettles have been found 
 which were once doubtless used for this purpose. The Indian 
 trails, already mentioned, lead to this place. 
 
 In 1834 H. F. Parsons met a Frenchman near Monroe, while 
 himself and his father were in quest of horses, who, on learning 
 the home of Mr. Parsons, said that years ago there were houses and 
 a salt factory located in what is now called Saline. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school-house in the town was built in the winter of 
 1830-1, and school was held therein the following winter. The 
 town was not organized into school districts until 1834. The 
 boundaries of the several districts have been changed from time 
 to time until at present there are live whole and six fractional dis- 
 tricts. 
 
1374 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Fractional District No. 1 is composed of all of section 1 and 
 part of sections 2, 11 and 12, together with portions of the towns^ 
 of Lodi, Pittsfield and York adjacent. District No. 1 was organ- 
 ized first in 1834, and was then composed entirely of territory in 
 Saline township. In 1838 a large part of the territory was taken 
 from it and it was made a fractional district, to which was annexed 
 a portion of the town of Lodi. At a later date a small part of the 
 towns of Pittsfield and York were added. (For further informa- 
 tion of this district see history of the village of Saline.) 
 
 District No. 2 is composed of parts of sections 2, 3, 11, 16, 16, 
 and all of sections 9 and 10. The organization of this district dates 
 back to 1834, but has been changed several times. A frame school- 
 house was erected on section 10 in 1855, and is now valued at 
 $300. Matthew Seeger is the present 'director. During the school 
 year of 1879-'80 school was held seven months at a cost of $126. 
 
 Fractional District No. 3 is composed of parts of sections 3, 8, 
 18, and all of sections 4, 5, 6, 7. A good school-house is on sec- 
 tion 5, which was erected in 1878, and is valued at $775. John W. 
 Gross is the present director. 
 
 Fractional District No. 5 is composed of parts of sections 11, 
 12, 13 and 14, and adjacent territory in the town of York. A 
 school-house is on section 12, which was erected in 1856 and is 
 valued at $300. James Hoyt is the present director. 
 
 Fractional District No. 6 is composed of parts of sections 13, 
 24 and 25, together with miich territory in the town of York,, 
 where the school-house is located. 
 
 Section 26, together with parts of sections 23, 24, 25, 27 and 35 
 form District No. 7. The school-house is located on section 26, 
 and is valued at $300. Henry A. Hammond is the' present direc- 
 tor. 
 
 District No. 8 is quite a large district, with a good school-house 
 on section 22, valued at $600. The district comprises parts of sec- 
 tions 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 33, and all of section 28. John 
 Gordon is the present director. 
 
 Ezra Sanford is the present director of District No. 9, which is 
 composed of parts of sections 18, 8, 16, 24, 29, 30, and all of sec- 
 tions 17, 19, 20. The school-house is on section 27, and is valued 
 at $400. This is known as the Benton school-house. 
 
 District No. 10 comprises parts of sections 29, 30, 33, and all of 
 sections 31 and 32, with a good school-house on section 32, valued 
 at $500. The present director is C. L. Morgan. 
 
 Fractional District No. 12 comprises parts of sections 27, 33, 35 
 and all of section 34, with considerable territory in the bounty of 
 Lenawee. It has a school-house on section 34, valued at $400. 
 L. C. Grady is director. 
 
 Fractional District No. 13 comprises a very small part of sec- 
 tions 25, 35 and 36, together with territory in York, and the towns 
 of Macon and Milan, Lenawee county. 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1375 
 
 OEGANIZATION AND ACTS OF THE BOAED OF TEUSTEES. 
 
 The first town meeting in Saline was held on the first Monday in 
 April, 1830. Boaz Lamson was made Moderator, and Barnabas 
 Holmes, Clerk. The meeting proceeded to elect officers of the 
 town, and resulted as follows : 
 
 Siipervisor — Alfred Davies. 
 
 Town Clerh — Smith Lapham. 
 
 Assessors — Apollos Severance, Boaz Lamson, Evelyn Scran ton. 
 
 Commissioners of Highways — Timothy W. Hunt, James May- 
 bee, Ira Bonner. 
 
 Overseers of the Poor — Isaac Brown, Allyn Williams, Silas 
 Lewis, Aretus Belden, Luke Gilbert. 
 
 Collector — Jason Gillett. 
 
 Constable — Horace Williams. 
 
 Commissioners of Common Schools — Allyn Williams, Isaac 
 ^rown, Aaron Swain, Arba Lamson, Luther Hatcli. 
 
 Inspectors of Common Schools — Apollos Severance, Aretus Bel- 
 den, Evelyn Scranton, Asahel Sawyer, Smith Lapham. 
 
 Treasurer of Poor Fund — Arba Lamson. 
 
 Pathmasters — Timothy W. Hunt, John G. Joslin, Orrin Par- 
 sons, Ely Gray, Boaz Lamson, Jeremiah Post, Arba Lamson, Isaac 
 Brown, John Parsons, Thomas Wood, Anthony Doolittle. 
 
 Trustees of School Lands — Orange Risdon, Timothy W. Hunt, 
 James Maybee. 
 
 Treastirer of School Funds — Orrin Parsons. 
 
 At the first town meeting it was resolved that the height of 
 fences shall be not less than four and a half feet. 
 
 The directors of the poor met and drew lots as to the length of 
 their respective terms. Allyn Williams and Isaac Brown drew one 
 year; Luke Gilbert and Silas Lewis, two years; Aretus Belden, 
 three years. 
 
 The business of the town, judging from the records, was not very 
 pressing, as no meeting was held previous to the annual meeting 
 the first Monday in April, 1831, at which time officers were chosen 
 for the following year. 
 
 Township records were ordered to be exhibited for inspection at 
 the next annual meeting, and it was resolved that the sum of $2 be 
 paid for every full-grown wolf taken in the township during the 
 year. 
 
 At the town meeting held in April, 1832, $50 was voted for the 
 support of the poor for the year. 
 
 In 1833 it was voted that it should be a standing rule that officers 
 of the township who compose the Town Board, should exhibit 
 yearly at the annual township meetings accounts of the receipts and 
 expenditures of the township. 
 
 Since the organization of the town in 1830, a period of 51 years, 
 many individuals have served the public in the various town of- 
 fices. Some of these have moved to other States and Territories; 
 
1376 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 others have been called to their final reward; others yet linger on 
 the shores of time, waiting to hear the summons to come up higher. 
 Their names recorded below will afford satisfaction to those yet re- 
 maining and to unborn generations. Following is the list: 
 
 TOWN OFFICEES. 
 
 Since the organization of the town, the following named have 
 served in official capacity: 
 
 supeevisojrs. 
 
 Alfred Davis 1830 
 
 Orrin Parsons 1831-33 
 
 Alfred Davis 1834 
 
 Orrin Parsons 1835 
 
 Ansyl Ford 1836 
 
 Orrin Parsons 1837-40 
 
 Salmon L. Haight 1841 
 
 Julius Cruttenden 1842 
 
 Orrin Parsons 1843 
 
 Orrin Parsons 1848-44 
 
 David S. Haywood 1845-46 
 
 Salmon L. Haight 1847 
 
 Joshua Forbes 1848 
 
 Amos Miller 1849 
 
 Salmon L. Haight 1850 
 
 Thomas H. Marsh 1851 
 
 William M. Gregory 1852 
 
 Aaron H. Goodrich 1853 
 
 Salmon L. Haight 1854^55 
 
 William M. Gregory 1856 
 
 David A. Post 1857 
 
 Salmon L. Haight 1858-59 
 
 Augustus Bond 1860-«3 
 
 Martin Gray 1863 
 
 Salmon L. Haight 1864 
 
 RoBwell M. Parsons 1865 
 
 Martin Gray 1866 
 
 Myron Webb 1867-68 
 
 Augustus Bond 1869 
 
 Myron Webb 1870 
 
 Joshua Forbes 1871 
 
 Wilson H. Berdan 1872 
 
 Myron Webb 1873-74 
 
 Wilson H. Berdan 1875-76 
 
 Myron Webb 1877 
 
 Everett B. Clark 1878 
 
 Edwin W. Wallace 1879-80 
 
 James M. Youngs 1880 
 
 CLEBKS. 
 
 Smith Lapham 1830-33 
 
 Samuel Robinson 1834-35 
 
 Jesse P. Warner 1836 
 
 Smith Lapham 1837-39 
 
 Samuel P. Fuller 1840 
 
 William H. Pattison 1841 
 
 Joseph Bickford 1843 
 
 William H. Pattison 1843^4 
 
 John M. Haywood 1845 
 
 Samuel Conn 1846-47 
 
 John W.Bedford 1848 
 
 Harlow Olcott 1849-51 
 
 John M. Haywood 1853 
 
 William M. Phillips 1853 
 
 Harley M. Russell 1854 
 
 OohnM Haywood 1855 
 
 Samuel Conn 1856-58 
 
 Jerome B. Lemley 1859 
 
 Mial Mason 1860 
 
 Everett B. Clark 1861 
 
 Thomas JST. Lee 1862-63 
 
 John E. Mitchell 1864-65- 
 
 G. B. Gillett 1866 
 
 Jacob Sturm 1867-70 
 
 Alexander Gordon 1871 
 
 Caleb Green 1873 
 
 Alexander Gorton 1873 ' 
 
 Adam C. Clark 1874-75 
 
 Charles N. Howe 1876-77 
 
 Caleb M. King 1878-7a 
 
 Charles N. Howe 1880 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1377 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Orange Eisdon 1830-33 
 
 Orrin Parsons 1838 
 
 John Lawrence . . .1883 
 
 John Lawrence 1834 
 
 John Lawrence 1835 
 
 Orrin Parsons 1885 
 
 George W. Miller 1835 
 
 Ansyl Ford 1886 
 
 John Lawrence 1886 
 
 George W. Miller 1836 
 
 Daniel D. Walker 1836 
 
 Smith Lapham 1837 
 
 Ezra Sanford 1838 
 
 Cephas B. Dresser 1839 
 
 John Lawrence 1840 
 
 Lorin Edmunds 1840 
 
 John Lawrence 1841 
 
 Salmon L. Haight 1842 
 
 Anson B. Webber 1843 
 
 Lorin Edmunds 1844 
 
 John Lawrence 1845 
 
 Jesse P Warner 1846 
 
 Isa*T S. Smith 1847 
 
 Lorin Edmunds 1848 
 
 Zebulon C. Browne 1849 
 
 Jesse P. Warner 1850 
 
 Edwin Smith 1851 
 
 John B. Lewis 1851 
 
 Amos Miller 1852 
 
 Charles H. Wallace 1853 
 
 Henry Wallbridge 1854 
 
 John B. Lewis 1855-56 
 
 George L. Hull 1855-56 
 
 Charles H. Wallace 1857 
 
 Theron Ford 1858 
 
 Augustus Bond 1859 
 
 George L. Hull i860 
 
 Thomas i^hekell I860 
 
 Charles H. Wallace 1861 
 
 Martin Gray 1861 
 
 Gershom B. Gillett 1861-63 
 
 Alfred D. Parsons 1863 
 
 William E. Gordon 1863 
 
 Harvey Bennett 1864 
 
 William E. Gordon 1865 
 
 Charles H. Wallace 1866 
 
 Ezra Jones 1867 
 
 Aaron Feldcamp 1867 
 
 Ezra Jones 1868 
 
 J. Manly Young 1869 
 
 William 0. Hoyt 1870 
 
 Aaron L. Feldcamp 1871 
 
 Ezra Jones 1872 
 
 Jortin Forbes 1873 
 
 William H. Dell 1874 
 
 Everett B. Clark 1875 
 
 Aaron L. Feldcamp 1876 
 
 Aaron H. Goodrich 1877 
 
 Jortin Forbes 1878 
 
 Wm. R. Gildhart 1879 
 
 Aaron L. Feldcamp 1880 
 
 TREASUEERS. 
 
 Orrin Parsons 1830 
 
 Jesse Meacham 1831 
 
 Russell Briggs 1833 
 
 Jasper C. McBain 1889 
 
 Ebenezer Sprague 1840 
 
 Albert Gaston 1841 
 
 Robert Craig 1843-43 
 
 Charles H. Wallace 1844^6 
 
 Aaron H. Goodrich 1847 
 
 James Crissy 1848 
 
 John D. Worth , 1849-50 
 
 Samuel Crissy 1851 
 
 Roswell W. Parsons 1853 
 
 Franklin Bickford 1853 
 
 Jacob F. Williams 1854 
 
 Edgar Webb 1855 
 
 William P. Judd 1856 
 
 Thomas L. Humphrey ville 1857 
 
 Henry P.MiUer 1858 
 
 James C. Rorebeck 1859 
 
 Henry P. Miller 1860 
 
 James N.Lee 1861 
 
 George Shumway 1863 
 
 Lyman H. Sherman 1863 
 
 Roswell W. Parsons 1864 
 
 Artemas D. Sumner 1865 
 
 Daniel Nisle 1866 
 
 John Forbes 1867-68 
 
 William O. Hoyt 1869 
 
 Byron W. Forbes 1870 
 
 Christopher Hauser 1871 
 
 John G. Gross 1873-73 
 
 Everett B. Clark 1874 
 
 Adam Klein 1875 
 
 John A. Klein 1876 
 
 John G. Gross 187T-78 
 
 Matthew Seeger 1879 
 
 John G. Gross 1880 
 
 Saline is considered from its organization to the period of its 
 partition, by the formation of the townships of York, Lodi and 
 Pittsfield, and on this account the record inchides many names 
 now identified with these new townships. At an early day a school - 
 house was built in what now forms York, a portion of the original 
 
1378 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 township of Saline; this was burned in a short time after, and a 
 new one erected, owing to the advice and co-operation of Orrin 
 Parsons. 
 
 SALINE VILLAGE. 
 
 Among the villages of Michigan there is not one, perhaps, 
 which surpasses Saline in beauty of location, regularity of streets, 
 or in the ueatness of its commercial and dwelling houses. The 
 people belong to that class known as progressionists, who seize 
 upon every opportunity to build up the interests of their town. 
 Thisis apparent in the number of business blocks which they have 
 erected, in their principal school- building, in their churches, and 
 in the taste displayed in the homes of the people generally. The 
 business center of the village presents a busy scene that bears' a 
 very favorable contrast with the commercial quarters of much 
 larger towns, so that it may be truly said. Saline forms one of the 
 most pleasant little centers of population in Michigan. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Aug. 12, 1824, Orange Kisdon entered the northeast quarter of 
 section 1, township 4 south, of range 6 east. Mr. Eisdon, who 
 had penetrated every nook and corner of this fair county, doubt- 
 less selected this spot for the foundation of a futnre great city. 
 That the selection was well chosen cannot be doubted by any who 
 have visited the place. Surrounded on all sides by a lovely coun- 
 try capable of producing food for a multitude, with fuel in abun- 
 dance and water for manufacturing purposes, it would seem that 
 no mistake could have been made. Long years before Mr. Eisdon 
 set foot on this soil, the red men had here a large village. No less 
 . than six trails have been discovered leading to this point, and it is 
 an acknowledged fact the Indian never makes a mistake in the se- 
 lection of a site for a village. 
 
 About one mile south is the famous salt spring, of which men- 
 tion has been made in the history of the town, near where Leon- 
 ard Miller and Daniel Cross erected their cabins and "kept hotel" 
 as early as 1826. The Detroit & Chicago road, which was sur- 
 veyed by Mr. Eisdon, passed through this section, making it on 
 the line of the great highway to the West. Everything thus seemed 
 to be propitious for the building up of a flourishing village or 
 city at this point. Accordingly, in September, 1832, Mr. Kisdon 
 surveyed and platted the village to which he gave the name of 
 Saline, after town and river which was already so named. Since the 
 original survey was made there have been several additions made to 
 the village, the first of which was in Januaiy, 1848. by David S. 
 Haywood. After Mr. Haywood, no further additions were made 
 until after the comjiletion of the D., H. & S. W. railroad, the ad- 
 V. lit nf which gave an additional impetus to the growth of the vil- 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1379 
 
 lage. In May, 1870, A. H. Eisdon made a large addition to the 
 village plat, and was followed a few months later by Harvey Ben- 
 nett, who surveyed and platted a number of blocks in the town of 
 Lodi joining the village on the north. In October, 1871, Hussell 
 Mills made an addition, the last made. It is proper to say these 
 additions were only made as the growth of the village seemed to 
 demand. 
 
 The first house built upon the original site of the village, was by 
 Orange Eisdon, in 1829. Here for about 10 years Mr. Eisdon 
 engaged in the business of an inn-keeper, the house enjoying an 
 excellent reputation far and near. At this house the hrst town 
 election was held. 
 
 Some time before Mr. Eisdon platted the village, Mr. Finch 
 came to the place from the State of New York, and proposed to 
 establish himself in the mercantile trade. For want of more suit- 
 able accommodations, Mr. Eisdon rented him his parlor, and in 
 this room goods were first sold in the village of Saline. In the 
 summer of 1832 Mr. Finch erected the first store building on the 
 corner of Chicago and Adrian streets, the same building now occu- 
 pied by J. McKinnon & Son. However, a small shanty stood on 
 the opposite corner. Caleb Van Husen was next to engage in gen- 
 eral mercantile trade, and was for many years a successful merchant 
 in the place. Since Mr. Van Husen's time many others have en- 
 gaged in the same and kindred lines of trade, some of whom have 
 proven successful, and others not. Trade, as a general thing, has 
 always been profitable, the village attracting trade for many miles 
 around it. 
 
 MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 While not considered a manufacturing village, yet there has 
 always been more or less done in this line. The mills in the vil- 
 lage and vicinity deserve special mention in this connection. 
 
 Schuyler Mills. — This mill is located about one-half mile west 
 of Saline village, and was built about 1845 by Schuyler Haywood, 
 a native of Barnegat, New Jersey. Mr. Haywood found a sufii- 
 cient supply of running water for his purpose, and so when first 
 built the mill was run by what is known as a " breast wheel." This 
 wheel was about 18 feet long and 16 feet in diameter, and 18 yoke 
 of cattle were required to bring the shaft — which was three feet 
 thick — about one mile. Mr. Haywood, after running the mill for 
 some 10 years, sold out to Jacob Sherman, and he, af'ter two years, 
 to "William H. Pattison, who ran it successfully till 1866, when he 
 disposed of it to John A. Klein, who has since then operated it. 
 Under the supervision of Mr. Haywood, the mill was used to 
 the best advantage and turned out an average of 25 barrels of 
 flour per day, exclusive of custom work, which at that time was 
 estimated at $20,000 yearly. Since Mr. Klein has become the 
 proprietor, the mill has been doing only a fair amount of merchant 
 
1380 niSTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and custom work, but making flour of the very best quality. Three 
 grades of flour are made, and the patent flour finds a ready sale in 
 the larger cities of Ann Arbor and Detroit, mostly at the latter 
 place. Three sets of burrs are used in the mill — two for flour and 
 one for corn. The mill is run altogether by water-power, and Mr. 
 Klein has recently added the Excelsior Turbine Water-wheel and 
 patent Eureka machine. The mill is a structure of three stories 
 and a basement, and stands at a place where the old " Chicago 
 turnpike" crosses the Saline river. 
 
 Reference has been made to the first saw-mill erected by Orrin 
 Parsons. In 1836 the first grist-mill was built also by Orrin 
 Parsons. It contained two run of stone, and was erected on 
 section 13. It was enlarged in 1842. This building as enlarged 
 was 60x63 feet, five stories high on the east side, and three on the 
 west. The capacity of the mill was 30 barrels flour and custom 
 work per day. The building and machinery cost about $20,000. 
 The breast-wheel used for this mill was 15 feet long and 18 feet 
 high. 
 
 Schairer Bros. — The gentlemen comprising this firm have sev- 
 eral buildings situated on the south side of Chicago street, and do 
 quite an extensive business in the manufacture of wagons, buggies, 
 fine carriages, and harness. The business was established in 1870, 
 and since then has grown to be one among the many noted manu- 
 factories of Washtenaw county. They carry a stock of $3,000, and 
 their average sales amount to some $13,000. They occupy two 
 large buildings, and have in connection a large blacksmith shop. 
 
 Tannery. — In 1853 James Seeley started a tannery in a build- 
 ing 50x25 feet, and tried to build up a trade by honest and fair 
 dealing with everybody. In the spring of 1 857 Christian Helber 
 purchased this building and trade of Mr. Seely, and immediately 
 went to work to better the building and apparatus pertaining 
 thereto, and to make for his leather a reputation second to none in 
 this part of Michigan. He enlarged the buildings, placed 
 better facilities for the manufacture of leather in them^ 
 and gave his son, Eugene Helber, charge of the work. 
 The tannery proper is 25x50 feet, two stories and a base- 
 ment, and situated on Henry, between Adrian and Kussell streets. 
 Mr. Helber has some 200 cords of oak-bark always on hand to use 
 in the coloring business. In the manufacture of heavy harness 
 leather, Mr. Helber has surpassed his own expectations, and en- 
 joys a reputation among leather-dealers of making a quality which 
 is hardly excelled in the West. His leather passes through some 
 2'± vats and two large tanks in the process of tanning, and finds a 
 ready sale in the cities of Chicago and Detroit. Some years ago 
 the senior Helber turned over the establishment to his son, Eugene^ 
 who now has full control of the business. 
 
 Saline Windmill. — J. G. Gross & Bros., the manufacturers of 
 this mill, bought out the firm which occupied a building on West 
 Chicago street, and started the pump and windmill business on 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1381 
 
 Nov. 16, 1875, had patented the " Saline Standard Windmill," 
 which they now manufacture. They occupy one large manufact- 
 uring building, one pattern shop and blacksmith shop, and have in 
 their employ 12 men. They also deal extensively in Fairbank 
 scales and farm implements, and carry a stock of about Sl,500, while 
 their annual sales amount to nearly $18,000. The " Standard "mill 
 has secured an enviable reputation throughout the surrounding 
 country. A foundry was formerly in connection with the shops, 
 but has been discontinued. 
 
 Wago?i Shop. — The manufacturing establishment of "William R. 
 Crane is situated on Eussel street, south of Chicago street in Saline 
 village. He turns out a very good quality of wagons, cutters and 
 carj-iages, and also has in connection a shop where general repair- 
 ing is done and satisfaction guaranteed. 
 
 EELIGIOtJS. 
 
 A settlement is no sooner made in a new country than the min- 
 ister of the gospel of Christ makes his appearance, proclaiming 
 the gospel of the Son of God. He waits not for palatial meeting- 
 houses, but is content to break the bread of life in log school- 
 houses, barns, or in the hospitable cabin of the hardy pioneer. The 
 settlement in and around the village of Saline was no exception to 
 the general rule. The Methodist circuit-rider, the Baptist and 
 Presbyterian missionaries, were early in thefield, and the invitation 
 was given to all to " partake of the waters of life freely." 
 
 JTie First Baptist Church of Saline, Mich., was organized in 
 1831, in the house of Deacon Jesse Stephens, who, with John 
 Smith, were at that time ordained the first deacons of the Church. 
 Eev. Thomas Bodley, of Saline, assisted by Eev. Mr. Lamb, of 
 Plymouth, were present. Mr. Bodley became the first pastor. The 
 constituent members of the Church were: Hev. Thomas Bodley 
 and wife, Deacon Jesse Stephens and wife, Deacon John Smith, 
 Lorin Edmonds and Anna Ford — seven members in all. It has a 
 histor3'49 years old. During this time 17 pastors have served the 
 Church, viz. : Thomas Bodley. J. S. Goodman, J. Mitchell, Mr. 
 Munger, J. O. Birdsall, J. A. Keyes, Charles Evans, I. K. Brown- 
 son, J. I. Fulton, L. Adams, J. C. Armstrong, C. E. B. Armstrong, 
 O. D. Taylor, C. F. Nicholson, A. M. Allyn, G. M. Adams and 
 H. M. Gallup. The 16 pastorates from the first average just three 
 years each. 
 
 One of the most extensive revivals the Church ever experienced 
 was during the labors of Kev. J. A. Keyes. For many months 
 there were baptisms into the Church each month. The earlier 
 records of the Church cannot be found, so that the history of pre- 
 vious revivals connot be given. The Church has given several of 
 its young men to the gospel ministry, viz. : P. Yan Winkle, Geo. 
 H. Hickox, and Jesse Boyden. The Church has held a willing, 
 helping hand to all the benevolent work of the day — home missions 
 
1382 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 foreign missions, domestic missions, Bible cause, and Publication 
 Society. It has had its anti-slavery trials, and its war against in- 
 temperance, early placing on its records its strong opposition to all 
 forms of this gigantic evil. 
 
 The present house of worship was built in 1837, a noble monu- 
 ment of the patience, faith and hope of that period. 
 
 The foregoing account we have from Rev. H. M. Gallup. 
 
 THE PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH, 
 
 as will be seen by the following certificate, was organized in N^ew- 
 ark, Wayne Co.: 
 
 The following persons, members of the Presbyterian Church at Newark, Wayne 
 Co., N. Y., are about to leave this part of the country and settle in Michigan: 
 Peter Cook, Jacob Cook, Rachel Cook, Eve Cook, Abraham Cook, Betsy Cook, 
 David Hathaway, Phcebe Hathaway, Ira Hathawav, John Kanouse, jr., Sally Ann 
 Hathaway, Nelly Kanouse. They were dismissed from said Church on the 23d 
 day of May, 1831, and were organized into a Church at Newark aforesaid, on said 
 33d day of May. Theodore Partridge, 
 
 Clerk of the Session of the Church at Newark. 
 
 The members of this Church left Newark with their families on 
 the 23d of May, 1831, and landed at Detroit, Mich., on the 29th of 
 the same month, all in health. A portion of the Church remained 
 in Detroit two weeks; the others proceeded westward to the town 
 of Saline, where they made a purchase of lands, and where in the 
 good providence of God, all the colony settled togethei*. On the 18th 
 day of July, 1831, the Church assembled together and determined 
 to take the name of the Presbyterian Church of Saline, and pro- 
 ceed to act as a Church in this place. Rev. Reuben Sears was pres- 
 ent at this meeting and remained with the Church five Sabbaths as 
 stated supply. David Hathaway, Jacob Cook and Peter Cook were 
 chosen elders before leaving New York. At nearly every com- 
 munion season for some time following, additions were made to the 
 Church. Meetings were held in private houses, school-houses, and 
 in the meeting houses of other denominations until 1842, when a 
 church edifice was erected, where the congregation have since met 
 for worship. The Church has enjoyed the ministerial services of 
 Rev. Mr. Wells, Bowton, Russell Whiting, Calvin Clark, A. D. 
 Dunlap, Mr. Taylor, and doubtless others, as supplies, or occasional 
 ministers, and of Rev. J. G. Kanouse, 12 years; E. P. Marvin, 2 
 years; Robert Laird, 3 years; L. J. Root, 2 years; Benjamin Frank- 
 lin, 8 years; J. A. Marshall, 4 years; F. K. Adams, 2 years; Na- 
 than B. Knapp, 3 years; Benjamin Parsons, 3 years; David L. 
 Murray, 2 years; George C. Bush, since 1879, as pastors. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal. — The Church was organized by Rev. J. 
 F. Davidson, who was the preacher in charge of Tecumseh circuit, 
 the Rev. Thomas Wiley, his colleague. Rev. E. H. Pilcher, at the 
 earnest request of the wife of Mr. Ansyl Ford had preached once 
 oi' tu'ice ; he was'entreated to make an appointment, but he left the 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1383 
 
 charge about this time, and was succeeded by the above ministers. 
 The date of the formation of the class or society was Feb. 12, 1833. 
 It consisted of Mrs. Ansyl Ford. By recognition she had joined 
 the Baptist Church, and they refused to give her a letter, and two 
 men who had letters, — one who upon Bro. Davidson's talking with 
 him requested to be dropped, and Conrad Dubois, who soon after 
 left the country, leaving this good woman alone. Her husband 
 was converted at a quartei'ly meeting held at Tecumseh, March 10, 
 1833, and he joined with several others at that time. Father Jo- 
 seph Bangs held a two-days' meeting in the Union District, at 
 which there were a number of conversions, among whom was James 
 Irvine, who was appointed the leader. A class was organized in 
 Saline village by Kev. Bradford Frazer in the latter part of 1833 
 or early in ISSi. A Mr. Burd was its leader, who was a cabinet- 
 maker. 
 
 In the latter part of this year Mr. Ansyl Ford purchased a small 
 building of a Major Kelts, which he had erected for an Episcopal 
 church, paying for the lot and building $iOO. A board of trustees 
 was organized, comprising Ansyl Ford, Henry A. Francisco, Allan 
 Burnham, John P. Marvin, Salmon S. Haight, David I. Gilbert 
 and Samuel Kellogg. A lot was secured from O. Risdon, Esq., 
 who generously had promised a lot to any religious society who 
 should build a house of worship. This gave the society a pleas- 
 ant location. 
 
 The first death in the society was that of Harriet Newell Mills, 
 wife of Russell Mills, March 19, 1835, at the age of 19 years and 
 10 months. She was a sister of A. D. Sumner, and was said to be 
 a very estimable young lady. In the summer following two of 
 the members, Allan Burnham and Denis Kelly, were killed by 
 lightning and their bodies burned up in the building. 
 
 In the summer of 1839 a house was purchased for a parsonage, 
 for $300, from Mr. McBane, who was leaving for the village. 
 
 Revs. Thomas H. Jacokes and Jeremy Boyington, of the Michigan 
 Conference, and A. J. Richards, of the Detroit Conference, were all 
 recommended from the quarterly conference of Saline. 
 
 The following have served this Church as pastor: W. M. Sulli- 
 van, 1836; L. Smith, 1836; Richard Lawrence, 1837; Lewis Smith, 
 1837 ; Arthur B. Elliott 1838 ; Lorenzo Davis, 1 838 ; George Bradley, 
 1839; Urias Hoy t, 1839; George Bradley, 1840; Alanson Fleming, 
 1840; Z. C. Brown, 1841 ; Robert Triggs, 1841; Z. C. Brown, 1842; 
 William Sprague, 1843; Jonathan Hudson, 1844; Harvey Yan- 
 arden,1845; George Taylor, 1846; William P. Judd, 1847; M. W. 
 Stambaugh, 1849; W. E. Bigelow,1850; J. S. Swart, 1852; Joseph 
 Jennings, 1853-4; Robert Bird, 1855; Orin Whitmore, 1858; J. F. 
 Davidson, 1860; John Levington, 1862; F. W. Warren, 1864 ; M. 
 Hickey 1867; G. W. Lowe, 1868; Jacob Horton, 1871; W. J. 
 Campbell, 1873; O. Whitmore, 1876; D. R. Shier, 1878. 
 
 Lutheran. — Rev. Mr. Wolf organized this parish in 1865, and 
 held regular services here for three years, the services being held a 
 
1384 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 portion of the time in the Baptist church. Mr. "Wolf was suc- 
 ceeded hy Eev. J. Doeiier, in 1868. In 1871, a brick edifice was 
 erected at a cost of $5,600. It is capable of seating about 350 
 persons. Mr. Doeiier was succeeded by Rev. Frederick Mueller, 
 who served until succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. K. Lederer, 
 in January, 1878. At present there are about 50 families in the 
 parish and the Church is in good working order. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 In the early day the sight of a public inn, as he traveled slowly 
 along his way, was a blessed sight to the weary traveler. In the 
 vicinity of Saline, in 1826, two public houses were erected, of which 
 mention has already been made. The next was that of Orange 
 Risdon in the village, opened in 1829, and run by him for several 
 years. Other hotels have since followed, among them were, first, 
 the 
 
 American House. — This house was erected in 1833, by Smith 
 Laphara, well known to all old settlers, and run by him for a time 
 and then sold to Eben Sprague. From Mr. Sprague the house 
 passed into the hands of Samuel Tripp, who, in 1853, disposed of 
 it to John Kanouse, who ran it until the fall of 1879, a period of 
 26 years, when it was closed. At this house the greater num- 
 ber of town elections have been held since the organization of the 
 town. The building is a two-story frame 60x55 feet. If the walls 
 of this old house could speak what tales they could tell. 
 
 Saline Exchange. — This is another of the old and old-fashioned 
 public inns, being erected in 1834, by Daniel D. Wallace. It has 
 had in nearly half a century an eventuous career, and been controlled 
 by a number whose names are well known to every visitor to this 
 beautiful village, among whom were A. H. Goodrich, Charles 
 "Wallace, Joseph Bickford, James M. French, James Humphrey, J. 
 M. Cutler, Henry Miller, Alfred Miller, Benj. "Woodard, Anson 
 Harman, John "Warner. 
 
 Goodrich House. — This is a new house, kept by an old landlord, 
 who ran the " Exchange" for a number of years — A. H. Goodrich. 
 The house was erected and used for some years by D. S. Haywood 
 as a private dwelling, but being among the business houses of the 
 village, it was thought best to change it into a hotel. It is well 
 furnished, and is a welcome house to the traveler. 
 
 EAILEOAD. 
 
 The Detroit, Hillsdale & Southwestern railroad was completed 
 to this place in 1870. George "W. Hall was the first station and 
 express agent, and has held the position to the present time. The 
 road has been of great convenience to the citizens of the village, 
 and of all the country tributary. It has opened up a market for 
 the productions of the country, enabling farmers and others to 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1385 
 
 realize handsomely on many of their investments. The principal 
 shipments from this station are grain and live stock. In 1876 there 
 were 5,000 barrels of apples shipped. The average shipments per 
 year are, of wheat, 500 car loads; oats, 40. The receipts for mer- 
 chandise and other articles of traffic received here amount to $10,- 
 000 annually. Kichard Tattle is the present telegraph operator at 
 this station. 
 
 WOOL. 
 
 Among the products of this section which find here a good and 
 i5teady market, is that of wool, there being from 100,000 to 125,000 
 pounds annually shipped from this point. This wool brings an 
 average of 35 cents per pound, which is quite an item among the 
 receipts of the farms. 
 
 INCOEPOEATIONS. 
 
 At a meeting of the Board of Supervisors for the county of 
 "Washtenaw, at their annual session held in the city of Ann Arbor 
 ■on the 18th day of October, 1866, the following resolution was 
 adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the territory known as the northeast quarter, and the north half of 
 the southeast quarter, and all that part of the northwest quarter lying east of Saline 
 river, of sec. 1. township 4 south of range 5 east in the State of Michigan, be, and 
 the same is, hereby declared an incorporated village by the name of the village of 
 Saline; and that Joslin Forbes, Charles H. Wallace and B. B. Clark be, and they 
 are, hereby appoinetd inspectors of an election to be held at the American Hotel in 
 the village of Saline, on Tuesday, the 37th day of November, A. D. 1866, the said 
 election being the first to be held under this act. 
 
 E. B. BOND, 
 Clerk of Board. 
 
 By virtue of the foregoing order in incorporating the village, an 
 election was held on Monday, December 10, 1866, for village offi- 
 cers, the result of which is given upon another page of this work. 
 
 The first meeting of the Board of Trustees was held December 
 17, 1866. J. F. Draper, George Sherman and J. F. Seeley were 
 appointed a committee on organization, and H. J. Miller, William 
 Rheinfranck and S. D. Van Duzar a committee on by-laws, after 
 which the meeting adjourned until Monday, December 24th, at 
 which time the board again assembled and acted upon the reports 
 of the committees. 
 
 Officers were elected annually until 1873, when three of the 
 trustees were elected for two years, and three for one year, since 
 which time three are elected each year to serve for two years. The 
 following names comprise the elective officers from 1866 to 1880, 
 inclusive: 
 
1386 
 
 HISTOKT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 1866-'7. 
 
 Charles H. Wallace, President.. . . 
 
 George Sherman 
 
 William Kheinfrank 
 
 James F. Draper 
 
 Henry J. Miller 
 
 Samuel T>. Van Duzar 
 
 .James F. Seeley 
 
 1867-'8. 
 
 Charles H. Wallace, President. . . . 
 
 George Sherman 
 
 P. M.Eaton 
 
 Eleazer Hall 
 
 JohnW. Hull 
 
 Russell Mills 
 
 George H. Jewett 
 
 1868-'9. 
 
 Charles H. Wallace, President. . . . 
 
 H. Bennett :.. 
 
 Eleazer Hall 
 
 George Sherman 
 
 Russell Mills 
 
 George H. Jewett 
 
 George W. Hall 
 
 1870-'l. 
 
 Myron Wehh, President 
 
 W. H. Davenport 
 
 John McKinnon, jr 
 
 A. H. Risdon 
 
 William O. Hoyt 
 
 A. H. Howard 
 
 P. M.Eaton 
 
 1872. 
 
 George W. Hall, President 
 
 Alfred Miller 
 
 Justus Corwin 
 
 Samuel Van Duzar 
 
 Wilson A. Berdan 
 
 William Muir 
 
 Jacob Sturm 
 
 1873. 
 
 Samuel D. Van Duzar, President. 
 
 William Muir 
 
 Levi H. Haynes 
 
 Wilson H. Berdan 
 
 William J. Jackson 
 
 Stephen O. Gray 
 
 Justus Corwin 
 
 1874. 
 
 Myron Webb, President. . . 
 
 George Sherman 
 
 Albert K. Clark 
 
 Jacob Sturm 
 
 1875. 
 
 Myron Webb, President. . . 
 
 Lucius S. Pierce 
 
 Charles Burkhart 
 
 Anson H. Howard 
 
 1876. 
 
 James A. Jones, President. 
 
 George Sherman 
 
 Paul Snauble 
 
 Adam C. Clark 
 
 1877. 
 
 James A. Jones, President. 
 
 Charles Burkhart 
 
 Charles Moore 
 
 Eugene Helber 
 
 1878. 
 
 Myron Webb, President.. . . 
 
 Eugene Helber 
 
 George G. Schairer 
 
 George W.Hall 
 
 Adam C. Clark 
 
 John McKinnon, jr 
 
 Albert K. Clark 
 
 1879. 
 
 Myron Webb, President. . . 
 
 Eugene Helber 
 
 George E. Schairer 
 
 Edwin Wallace 
 
 1880. 
 
 Myron Webb, President. . . . 
 
 Adam C. Clark 
 
 Samuel D. Van Duzar 
 
 Christian Saley , . . . 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 George W Hall 1866-8 
 
 A.M.Clark 1869 
 
 George W. Hall 1870-1 
 
 William P. Carson 187^-3 
 
 Caleb M. King 1874-7 
 
 William P. Carson 1878-81 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1387 
 
 STREET OOMMISSIONEES. 
 
 Jortin Forbes 1866-7 
 
 Adna Shaw 1868 
 
 Z. Chui-ch 1869 
 
 William Brainard 1870-2 
 
 Anson Harmon 1873-4 
 
 Philo Fowler 1875 
 
 "William J. Jackson 1876-80 
 
 Charles Carven 1881 
 
 ASSESSORS. 
 
 Myron Webb 1866-8 
 
 J. Sturms 1869 
 
 8. H. Haines 1870 
 
 Eleazer Hall 1871 
 
 George W. Hall 1873 
 
 Wilson H. Berdan 1873 
 
 Gershom B. Gillett 1874 
 
 Myron Webb 1875-7 
 
 Paul Snauble 1878 
 
 Edwin D. Webb 1879-80 
 
 A. J. Warren 1881 
 
 MARSHALS. 
 
 Jortin Forbes 1866-7 
 
 Lorenzo Haight 1868 
 
 William H. Brainard 1869-73 
 
 John H. Bortle 1873-4 
 
 William H. Brainard 1875 
 
 Loring C. Edmunds 1876 
 
 William H. Brainard 1877 
 
 CONSTABLES. 
 
 Charles O. Rogers 1878 | William Brainard 1880 
 
 Thomas Eccles 1879 | W. E. Blackburn 1881 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 William H. Davenport 1866-7 
 
 Everett B. Clark 1868 
 
 G. B. Mason 1869-70 
 
 Jacob Sturm 1871 
 
 William H. Davenport 1873 
 
 Everett B. Clark 1873-5 
 
 John McKinnon, jr 1876 
 
 Howard T. Nichols 1878 
 
 Andrew J. Warren 1879-BO 
 
 J. G. Gross 1881 
 
 The following are the names of the officers elected in March, 
 1881. 
 
 President, Harvey Bennett; Clerk, William P. Carson; Trustees, William D. 
 Simmons, Cornelieus Parsons and George H. Jewett; Treasurer, J. G. Gross; 
 Assessor, A. J. Warren; Sti-eet Commissioner, Chas. Carven; Constable, W. E. 
 Blackburn. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school within the corporate limits of the village was in 
 1830. The old system of ungraded schools was in vogue till 1865, 
 when the present graded system was adopted. It has been highly 
 satisfactory generally to the citizens. The following named have 
 served as teachers in the graded schools : 1865 — D. F. Boughton, 
 Principal; Grace Maltman, Miss M. D. Henry. 1866— D. F. 
 Boughton, Principal; Miss Alice E. Barnes, Miss Emily E. Kerr. 
 1867 — Albert Hardy, Principal, fall term, S. B. Ormsby, winter 
 term ; Emily R. Kerr. 1868 — S. B. Ormsby, Principal, tall term, 
 Martin V. Pork, spring term; Alice E. Barnes, Louisa Cobb, Amy 
 S. Brooks. 1869 — M. V. Pork, Principal; Anna L. Pork, Louisa 
 Cobb, Julia A. Talcott, Mary C. Upton. 1870— M. 0. Pork, Prin- 
 
 80 
 
1388 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 cipal ; Julia A. Talcott, Anna West,Loui8a Cobb, Adelle Humphrey. 
 18Y1 — M. V. Eork, Principal; Anna "West, Mary L. "Wheeler, M. 
 Louisa Cobb, Adelle Humphrey, Mary E. Burner, Lennie Scott. 
 1872— Norman A. Barrett, Principal; Lizzie George, Lennie Scott, 
 M. Louisa Cobb, Cornelia Kerr. 1873 — L. A. Park, Principal; 
 Miss E. Kimball, Susan Stevenson, Ida Webb, Minnie Church, 
 Miss McKinnon. 1874— L. A. Park, Principal; Miss E. Kimball, 
 Susan Stevenson, Minnie Church. 1875 — A. G. Gumar, Principal; 
 Ettie S. Boynton, Ella S. Wright, Ida L. Burroughs, Lida J. Wal- 
 lace, Callie I. Brainard. 1876-7 — A. G. Gumar, Principal; Ettie 
 L. Boynton, Susie Quackenbush, Ida L. Burroughs, Lida J. Wallace, 
 Callie I. Brainard, Charles Hoyt. 1878 — 9 — James H. Shepherd, 
 Principal; E. A. Brooks, Josie E. Heller, Hattie Cook, Ida L. 
 Webb, Carrie M. Boyce, J. M. Webb. 1880— James H. Shepherd, 
 Principal; Miss E. Kimball, Josie E. Heller, Hattie Cook, Ida 
 Webb, Anna M. Webb. 
 
 The Union School building was erected in 1868, at a cost of 
 $25,000. It is a three-story building, with basement, has five school- 
 rooms, and one room each for chapel, literary, museum, laboratory, 
 drawing, philosophical and dining. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 There are three benevolent societies in the village — Masonic, Odd 
 Fellows, and Knights of Honor. 
 
 Saline Lodge No. 133, A. F. &, A. M.- — This lodge was organ- 
 ized March 21, 1861, with the following as its first officers and 
 charter members: Everett B. Clark, W. M.; T. W. Lee, S. W.; 
 A. PI. Eisdon, J. W.; E. D.Wallace, Sec; D. Kellogg, Treas.; 
 A. Miller, S. D.; G. M. Brown, J. D.; J, A. Kosabeck, Tyler. 
 The lodge has had a steady growth, and now has a membership of 
 65, with the following named officers: J. McKinnon, Jr., W. M.; 
 E. K. Aldrich, S. W.; D. P. McLachlan, J. W.; A. J. Warren, 
 Sec; 0. J. Sturm, Treas.; G. W. Hall, S. D.; L. M. Thorn, J. D.; 
 C. ]Sr. How, Tyler. 
 
 Saline Lodge, No. 272, /. 0. 0. F., was organized Jan. 20, 
 1876, with the following named charter members, who were elected 
 to the office specified : J. G. Schairer, N. G.; William Lamb, V. G.; 
 N. A. Waugh, E. Sec. ; John Easterly, Per. Sec; John Fowler, 
 Treas. ; M. E. EasterIy,Warden ; A. C. Cole, I. G. ; Oscar Fulker- 
 son, 0. G. The membership of the lodge is 13. The following 
 named were elected and installed January, 1881: E. H. Marsh, N. 
 G.; William H. Smith, V. G. ; A. C. Cole, E. Sec; John Easterly, 
 Per. Sec,; H. Cole, Treas.; John G. Schairer, Warden, Oscar Fulk- 
 erson, O. G. ; John Scwalm, I. G. 
 
 knights of Honor, l&Q. 688, was organized April 10, 1877, by 
 Daniel Thompson, of Ypsilanti, with ten charter members. It 
 now numbers .30, with the following officers: A. Miller, P. D. ; 
 George W. Hall, D.; George H. Cobb, Yice D.; B. P. Davenport, 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1389 
 
 Ass't p.; G. B. Mason, F. E.; O.L.Robinson, K; William Smith, 
 G.; William SchafFer, Guardian; John McKennon, S. ; Jacob Sturnn, 
 0.; Charles Burkhart. 
 
 POSTOFFICB. 
 
 The postoffice was established in 1830, with Orange Eisdon, as 
 postmaster. Mr. Eisdon served until 1840, being succeeded in 
 turn by the following named: E. S. ISTorthrup, Dr. E. Hall, Mial 
 Mason, A. 11. Eisdon and G. B. Mason. It was made a money 
 order office July 31, IBYl the first order being drawn by Joseph 
 A. Humphrey in favor of Solon McElroy, of Detroit, for $19.07. 
 Eor the year 1878 there were 1,347 orders drawn for $21,325.29. 
 
 CHOLERA. 
 
 Among the impressions received by the early settlers, none could 
 be more lasting than the dread scourge of cholera that visited 
 the village and vicinity in 1834. A number were attacked, seven 
 of whom died with the disease — Stephen and Ashfield Stowe being 
 well remembered cases. 
 
 BANK. 
 
 A flourishing village like Saline, without its bank experience, 
 would be like the play of Hamlet with Hamlet omitted. During 
 the days of the wild-cat currency, in 1836, Abel Goddard & Co., 
 started here a bank of issue, and nearly the whole community con- 
 ceived the idea they were to grow suddenly rich . It ran about 
 two years and suddenly collapsed like hundreds of others through- 
 out the West. A bill of this bank is yet possessed by the post- 
 master of Saline. It is signed by S. Finch, President, and W. 
 Cunnutt, Cashier. 
 
 PERSONAL SKETCHES. 
 
 In the following pages are given the biographical sketches of 
 pioneer and leading citizens of the township. This very impor- 
 tant section of the work has been fully treated; so that the history 
 of Saline may be said to be complete in every respect. 
 
 Harvev Bennett, Saline, was bom in Cayuga Co., N. T., Nov. 13, 1825. His pa- 
 rents Peleg and Sarah (Finch) Bennett, natives of Columbia Co . , N. Y., came to 
 this county in May, 1835, settling in Saline township, where Harvey was reared 
 to "manhood His education training was obtained in the " frontier school- 
 houses " of tiiat time. Mr Bennett, sr., died Dec. 14, 1861, at the age of 81 years, 
 11 months and his companion through life followed him on March 29, 1863. The 
 qubiect of 'this sketch was married on Christmas, in 1853, to Mary 0. Rigga, born 
 in Onondasa Co., N. Y., July 25, 1833, and daughter of Eli and Mary Riggs, na- 
 tives of Herkimer Co., N. Y. In her early life her parents removed to Orleans 
 Co N Y wherethey lived till 1831, and then came to this county. To this union 
 one child was given— Celia E., born Sept. 2, 1855, and in Feb.. 1875, she married Si- 
 
1390 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 las Briggs, and they now reside in Tuscola Co., Micli. Mr. Bennett and wife are 
 members of the M. E. Church. Politically Mr. Bennett is a Republican, and 
 served that party as J. P. for 4 years. He owns 20 acres of land in Saline village, 
 valued at $200 per acre, and also 125 acres in sec. 12. His grandfather, Dobson 
 Bennett, was a Revolutionary soldier under Gen. "Washington, and endured with 
 the Continental army the hardships of Valley Forge, and participated in the bat- 
 tle of White Plains. 
 
 William W. Biddle, farmer. Saline tp., was born in Noi-thumberland county, 
 Pa., Jan. 24, 1840, and is the son of Israel (deceased) and Mary Biddle, natives of 
 Pennsylvania. When two years of age his parents removed to this county, and 
 settled on sec. 32, Saline tp. Here William was reared to manhood, and edu- 
 cated in the district schools. Deo. 29, 1875, he married Sarah L. Camburn, born 
 in Saline tp., June 20, 1851. To this alliance 2 children have been sent — Mar- 
 garet A., born Dec. 18, 1876, and Charles 0., born July 31, 1879. Mrs. Biddle's 
 father was born in 1816. His mother is still living on the old homestead, aged 66. 
 Mr. B. owns a farm on sec. 32. 
 
 Gharlfs G. Bliss (deceased) was born May 22, 1826, and was the son of John V. 
 and Melissa Bliss, old pioneers of this county. Mr. B. passed his early youth and 
 manhood on a farm, and in winter attended the public schools to receive the 
 education needful to the hard-handed farmer boy. He was married Feb. 27, 1856, 
 to Marietta Smith, born in this county, Oct. 14, 1828, and daughter of James M. 
 and Elizabeth Smith, natives of Orange and Delaware counties, N. Y. They 
 emigrated West and settled in this county in 1835, where the former died Oct. 2, 
 1853. Three children were sent to make glad the hearts of this happy couple- 
 Otto, Melvin J. and Lula. Mr. Bliss had been a faithful member of the Baptist 
 Church at Saline for 22 years, and on March 7, 1880, he was called to partake ot 
 that reward prepared for those who have walked in " the straight and narrow 
 path," and have borne the cross in a way befitting the Christian man or woman. 
 His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and also assisted in building the 
 Schuyler Mills, of Saline. Mr. B.'s mother was born in Delaware connty, N. Y., 
 Feb. 6, 1816, and is still living. 
 
 Augustus Bond, farmer, was born in Berkshire Co., Mass., March 7, 1821. His 
 parents were Samuel and Sarah Bond. The former was born in Worcester, 
 Mass., April, 1784, and died Dec. 11, 1859. The latter was a native of the same 
 county, born in 1783, and died Sept. 8, 1843. They removed to Washtenaw Co. 
 in Nov., 1836. This country was then almost a forest, and the subject of this 
 sketch was reared amid the wilds of this dense and scarcelj' habitable region 
 He received only a limited education, and this in an old log school-house, with 
 slab benches for seats, and in the evenings at home, before a huge fire-place. He 
 afterward taught school for a number of years in Saline tp. He was married Dec. 
 22, 1860, to Hattie M. Taylor, and two children were born to them— Leila and 
 Alban T. Mrs. B. is a daughter of Elbridge G. and Nancy Taylor, and was born 
 in Erie Co., N. Y„ Jan. 31, 1832. Mr. Bond's grandfather was a teamster in the 
 Revolutionary war. Mr. B. has filled several local otfices, and represented Sa- 
 line tp. as Supervisor for 4 years, and was elected Justice of the Peace, but was 
 never qualified. Both husband and wife are faithful members of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church of Saline, and he is a member of the Pioneer Society and a Republi- 
 can. He owns 180 acres of land on sections 21 and 28, all of which, except 15 
 acres, is under a high state of cultivation, and valued at $60 per acre. 
 
 Jonas Bond, farmer, was born in Berkshire county, Mass., Jan. 5, 1810, and is 
 the son of Samuel and Polly Bond, natives of Worcester county, Mass. In 1823 Mr. 
 B. removed with his parents to Onondaga county, N. Y., where he was reared and 
 educated. In October, 1835, he came with his father to this county, and pur- 
 chased land, the subject of this sketch also entering 120 acres in Hillsdale county 
 His father returned to New York, and in December, 1836, removed with his family 
 to this county. Mr. B. was married Jan. 5, 1843, to Nancy Donaldson, but she 
 died in January, 1856. Mr. Bond again marrif d — this time Julia Hickox, and 1 
 child was sent to them — Alfred, born Feb. 3, 1862. Death once more robbed him 
 of his companion, and in March, 1866, he married Elizabeth Whitmore. Their 2 
 children are Nannie and Jony. Mr. Bond's father was born Ang. 25 
 
 1784, died Oct.ll, 1859. His mother was born Dec. 3,1780, and died Oct. 17| 
 1813. They were both members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. B. is a mem- 
 ber of the Baptist Church at Saline, and politically, is a Republican. He owns a 
 farm of 135 acres on sec. 13, valued at $80 per acre. He well remembers the war 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1391 
 
 troubles of 1812— '15, living at the time at Pittsfleld, Mass., where the soldiers* 
 barracks were located. 
 
 John F. Buck, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., Aug. 
 4, 1822, and is the son of John S. and Marcia C. (Baker) Buck, and in early days 
 they removed to Livingston county, N. Y., where John was reared and educated. 
 He was educated in a "log skule-house " with slab seats, stick chimney 
 and a monstrous flre-pl ace. In 1844 he came to Van Buren county, Midi., and 
 entered 160 acres of land, and two years later his parents came. Mr. B. was 
 formerly a tailor and worked at his trade in Brook Grove, N. Y., for seven years. 
 In 1863 he removed to this county, where he has since lived, and has engaged in 
 farming and stock-raising. He was married April 12, 1848, to Mary Howell, born 
 in Seneca county, N. Y., Jan. 14, 1824, and daughter of David and Nancy (Mc- 
 Cord) Howell. They have 3 children— Charles R., Abbie A. and Frank E. Mr. 
 Buck owns 157 acres of land on sees. 37 and 38, valued at $60 per acre. In. 
 politics he is a Democrat. His paternal grandfather was a soldier in the Revolu. 
 tionary war under General Washington. 
 
 Oharlet Burkhart, of the firm of Burkhart & Aldrich, Saline, was born in Ober- 
 aclien, Wurtemberg, Germany, Aug. 10, 1837, and is a son of Frederick and Chris- 
 tiana K. Burkhart, who emigrated to America in August, 1847. They came to 
 Washtenaw county and settled in Freedom tp., where Charles passed five years^ 
 and in 1853 engaged as clerk in the store of Draper and Humphrey. He remained 
 with them two years, then went into the house of D. 8. Haywood, remaining there 
 one year, then worked for William H. Pattison till 1859, afterward opened in busi- 
 ness for himself. In 1863 he took E. R. Aldrich in partnership, and they have 
 since operated a general store. In 1861 he married Maria L. Case, a native of this 
 county, and daughter of Homer and Maria L. Case, natives of New York, and 
 early pioneers of this county. They have 5 children of whom 8 are living — George 
 G., Minnie A. and Charles F. Mrs. B. died in August, 1868. He again mai'ried in 
 1872 to Ada Beehler, a native of this county. This union was blessed with 8 chil- 
 dren — Kadie C, Louisa, and Frederick. 
 
 Rev. Oeorge G. Bush, Pastor of Presbyterian Church, Saline, was born in Monroe 
 Co.,N. Y., Sept. 4 1815. His parents, David and Laura A. Bush, were natives of 
 Pittsfleld, Mass. They located in Monroe Co., N. Y., in 1809, and in 1825 removed 
 to Rochester, where George C. was reared to manhood. He received his early edu- 
 cation in the Rochester schools, and then entered Princeton College, New Jetsey, 
 in 1829, and in the Theological Seminary at the same place in 1843. He was or- 
 dained to preach in 1844. His parents removed to Shiawassee Co., Mich., about 
 the year 1838 In 1842-3 he officiated as ptistor of the Presbyterian Church in 
 that county. He theUj returned to New York, and from 1844 to 1848, he preached 
 at Plattsburgh and Plumpstead. His next field of labor was Ambogy, where he 
 stayed for two years. From 1851 to 1861 he ministered to the spiritual wants of 
 the congregation at Stewartville, N. J., where he remained five years. His next 
 residence was at Newton, Banks Co., Pa., from 1866 to 1876; thence to Edin- 
 burgh, Erie Co., Pa., where he preached till 1878. In this latter year he removed 
 to Detroit, and subsequently to Saline. He was married Oct. 9, 1851, to Mary 
 Provost, born in Cornwall, N. J., Aug. 14, 1826, and daughter of Jonathan and Mary 
 P. Provost. To this alliance 4 children were born, 8 of whom are living — George 
 P., bom June 35, 1853, who married Jennie Mickle, of Merchantville, N. J. ; Mary 
 C, bom Dec. 13, 1854; Charles M., born May 17, 1858. David C, deceased, was 
 bom Aug. 27, 1856, and died April 27, 1857. Mr. B.'s father served as a soldier in 
 the war of 1812. He died Aug. 24, 1860, aged 76 years, and June, 1863, his com- 
 panion followed him, being the same age at the time of her death. 
 
 William O. Ganiburn, farmer. Saline tp., was born in Monmouth Co., now 
 Ocean Co., N. J., Feb. 13, 1811. His parents were Hebron and Lovina Camburn, 
 the former a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Philadelphia, Pa. William's 
 father was a seaman and was engaged in that business for 80 years. When W . 
 C. was 16 years old, he engaged in the merchant sei-vice on the sea, which he 
 followed for 6 years, then in 1833 came to this county. He remained here but a 
 short time, and returning home again, engaged in his former occupation. He 
 traveled the seas for two years, and in 1836 came again West with his parents 
 and settled in Lenawee Co., near the Washtenaw line. He lived in this place \1 
 years, then removed to Saline tp., this county. His father died in 1850, aged 71, 
 and his mother in 1870, aged 80. In 1838 Mr. C. married Rachel Harriott, by 
 whom 4 children were born to him, 3 of whom are living - Sarah L., wife of 
 
1392 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COtTNTT. 
 
 William M. Biddle, and Helen. Annette and Charles O., are deceased, the latter 
 dying in 1878, aged 38. Mr. Oamhurn's grandfather, on his father's side, served 
 in the land department of the Revolutionary war, and his maternal grandfather 
 served in the navy department of that memorable conflict; was imprisoned in 
 the English prison-ship Jersey, and then taken to Fortune prison, London, and 
 subsequently released. He re-enlisted and served till the close of the war. Mr. 
 C. is a member of the M. E. Church, a Republican, and owns a good farm of 90 
 acres on sec. 30. 
 
 Samuel W. GhandUr. M. D., physician and surgeon, Saline, was born at Clin- 
 ton, Lenawee Co., Mich., July 18, 1847. His parents were Charles and Eliza (Woo- 
 ster) Chandler, the former a native of Oneida Co., N. Y., and the latter of Hunt- 
 ington Conn. They located in Lenawee Co., in 1834, where Mr. Chandler 
 soon became a leading and prominent citizen. He was a delegate to the first 
 State Constitutional Convention, which convened at Lansing. He filled the 
 offlce of Pathmaster, in Clinton, for 25 years ; was Recorder of Deeds of Lenwaee 
 Co., six years, and County Clerk, three years. He died in October, 1871, aged 69. 
 Samuel W. was reared to manhood in Clinton, and received his literarj' education 
 in the public schools of that village, and at Ypsilanti, of which schools he was a 
 member for one year. Oct. 1, 1868, he commenced the study of medicine under 
 the preceptorship of Dr. Austin Alvorde, of Clinton. He remained with him two 
 years, and with Dr. A.^Tuttle, one year. During the winter of 1868-'9, and 1871-'2, 
 he attended the medical department of Michigan University, graduating March 
 7, 1872. May 8, of the same year, he married Mary Ida Kies, born in Clinton, 
 Lenawee Co., Jan. 10, 1849," and daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Kies, the 
 former of whom is President of the Clinton Woolen Mills. They have 3 children 
 — George F., Fred K. and Abbie L. Immediately after his marriage Mr. C. 
 came to Saline and began to practice his profession, and by strict adherence to 
 business has gained a good lucrative practice. Mr. C. and wife are members of 
 the M. E. Church, and he is a member of the Knights of Honor, in which body 
 he has filled several official positions. In politics he follows in the footsteps of his 
 father, who was an " old-line Whig," but when the Republican party was organ- 
 ized, he enlisted under its banner, and was a faithful member till his death. 
 
 ^. iT. CfarA (deceased) was born in Jersey City, N. J., Nov. 1,1810, and moved to 
 Tyre, Seneca Co., N. Y., at the age of six years. His advantages for obtaining an 
 education were very limited. He was obligc'd to labor to aid in supporting the family 
 during the summers, and to support himself while at school winters by doing 
 chores wherever lie could find such opportunities. His father's poor health and a 
 large family of 10 to provide for made it necessary for him to render all assist- 
 ance possible for their support. Thus the avails of his labor were confined to his 
 father's home till he was 18 years of age, when he was "bound out " as an ap- 
 prentice to learn the carpenter and joiner's trade. Twenty-five dollars a year were 
 given him for his services. At the close of three years' apprenticeship, he had 
 good clothing and a considerable sum of money. This he earned by working 
 over time, making chests, cupboards, etc., of evenings and odd hours. These 
 found a ready sale, as such articles were seldom found. His father at this time 
 was over 60 years of age, and poor in health, as well as in this world's goods, 
 and Mr. Clark felt it to be his duty to provide a home for his parents in their de- 
 clining years, that they might spend their last days in comfort and peace, and 
 this he uid with his first earnings. He then turned his attention to obtaining a 
 competency for himself, and with that object in view came West. On his first 
 trip he located land near Lake Michigan and worked at his trade in what are 
 now the cities of Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo. He then returned to Seneca Co., 
 N. Y., his home, and married Martha Stevenson, who still survives, Nov. 9, 1886, 
 and' soon after returned to Michigan and purchased 120 acres which forms a part 
 of the homestead. He made a profession of religion in his early youth, and united 
 with the Presbyterian Church in Saline, June 14, 1840. The same day his wife 
 connected herself with that society. He always had in view one distinct and 
 well-defined object, that of honesty, steadily and with a continuity of purpose 
 seldom equaled, to live in the fear of God and to obtain an honorable competency 
 for himself and family. All his property he had acquired was wholly the result 
 of his labor and industry. On his arrival in Saline in the spring of 1837 he was 
 very destitute of many things that would help a needy jiioneer. There being no 
 cellar under his house, was obliged to dig it nights, while during the day he was 
 engaged hard at work to support his family. He cleared much of his land by 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1393 
 
 the light of the moon and from burning brush and log heaps. It was a very- 
 common thing for him to travel six or eight miles to do a day's work at his 
 trade. In precept and example he ever strove to teach his children to be indus- 
 trious, true and honest and faithful to every trust. He bequeathed to them an 
 inheritance better than silver or gold, that of a good name and an unblemished 
 character. Mr. Clark was elected to the State Legislature in the fall of 1874- 
 performed the duties of his offlce with credit to himself and satisfaction to his 
 constituents. He has honorably filled other oflBces of trust and responsibility. 
 In him the poor found a ready and ardent friend and helper. He was an advo- 
 cate and supporter of all public enterprise. His life closed Dec. 21, 1879, with a 
 triumphant death. Thus passed one of Saline's early and most respected pioneers. 
 
 Albert M. Clark, of the firm of Clark Bros., hardwai-e merchants. Saline, was 
 born in Saline tp., July 13, 1843, and is a son of Albert K. and Martha Clark, the 
 former a native of New .Jersey, and the latter of Seneca county, N. Y. Albert M. 
 was reared on a farm, and received a good education in the Ann Ai-bor and 
 Tpsilanti schools. For eight years he was Superintendent of the Saline 
 schools. He followed farming till July, 1868, when he received a sun-stroke 
 which so impaired his health as to make it necessary for him to follow some 
 other vocation. He opened a drug and grocery store in Saline, continuing in 
 that business for three years. He then opened a hardware store, and in 1879 he 
 received his brother into partnership, and the firm has since been Clark Bros. 
 He also deals extensively in grain, owning the grain elevator in that village. 
 Nov. 1, 1865, he was united in marriage to Mary A., daughter of Loring and 
 Mai-ia Edmunds, early pioneers of this county, having located here in 1830. Mrs. 
 Clark was born in this county Feb. 13, 1842. Three children were born to them 
 — Ardie M., Eda M. and Albert L. Mr. C. is a member of the Masonic fraternity, 
 and politically is a firm believer in the principles of the Republican party. 
 
 Arthur H. Clark, junior member of the firm of Clark Bros., dealers in hardware, 
 Saline, Mich., was born in this county Sept. 20, 1851, and is a son of Albert K. 
 and Martha Clark, the former a native of New Jersey , and the latter of New York. 
 Mr. Clark was reared on a farm, and received his education at the common 
 schools of Saline, and the Normal School of Ypsilanti. Soon after leaving school 
 Mr. Clark took a tour through the Western States, but subsequently returned to 
 Washtenaw county, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until July, 1879, 
 when he entered into business with his brother, Albert M. Clark, where he has 
 since continued. He was married Oct. 8, 1873, to Clara E. Eddy, who was born 
 near Ann Arbor May 21, 1852, and daughter of Orlando and Martha Eddy. Mrs. 
 Clark died Oct. 17, 1878, and on Sept. 30, 1880, Mr. C. was married again to Jen- 
 nie E. Rouse, who was born at Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 22, 1856, and daughter of 
 Dr. William H. and Emily A. Rouse. Mr. Clark is Republican, and has never 
 taken a chew of tobacco, smoked a cigar or pipe, nor drank a glass of liquor dur- 
 ing his life. 
 
 Andrew Cole (deceased) was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., April 8, 1815. He came 
 to this county in June, 1837, and remained here till 1843, when he returned to New 
 York. He stayed in the Empire State only a short time, and then came back te 
 Washtenaw county, and purchased land in sec. 34. He was married April 8, 1841, 
 to Mary A. Bailey, born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Nov. 15, 1819. Three children 
 have been born to them — Hamilton, Lorin and George. The subject of this sketch 
 departed this life June 11, 1872, at the age of 58. He was a leading member of the 
 Baptist Church of Mooreville for 38 years. In all his dealings with his fellow man 
 he followed the " Golden Rule," and to the poor, was a faithful friend and ready 
 counselor. In benevolent enterprises, he always stood well to the front, carried lor 
 his motto through life — " Live and let live." He raised to manhood probably a dozen 
 orphan boys, and when he died they mourned the loss of a kind father and gen- 
 erous friend. 
 
 Samuel Collins (deceased) was bom in Monmouth county, N. J., April 8, 1817. 
 His parents were members of the Society of Friends, and Mr. C. was reared in that 
 quiet and humble religion. In 1838 he removed with his parents to Lenawee 
 Co., Mich., and in tais place he grew to manhood. Dec. 1, 1846, he married Mary 
 J. Robison, born Nov. 16, 1830, and daughter of Samuel and Jane A. Robison, 
 natives of Schenectady Co., N. Y. Of their 7 children, 4 are now living — Timothy, 
 who married Elizabeth Pennington; Ella, wife of George Kooder ; Jennie, wife of 
 Frank Burg, and Willie. Sophia J. died March 11, 1859, aged 12 years ; Libbie C, 
 wife of Lyman L. Killy, died June 15, 1873, and ITrank, who died Dec. 21, 1871. 
 
1394 HI8TOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Collins was laid away to rest June 30, 1877, at the ripe age of 60 years. He 
 was a well-known and respected citizen of this county, and mourned by a large 
 circle of friends and neighbors.. 
 
 Samuel Cross (deceased) was born in Brome county, N. Y., Sept. 10, 1804. He 
 passed his early life on a farm, and received a good education. In September, 
 1831, he came to this county, and entered 80 acres of land on sec. 23. In 1838 he 
 entered 80 acres more of the same section. He was married to Elizabeth Donald- 
 son, and 1 child was born to them-James N., who still occupies the old homestead. 
 Mr. Cross departed this life Sept. 4, 1877, and left a widow and 1 child to mourn 
 his loss. His wife is still living. James N. was born in Yates county, N. Y., Aug. 
 10, 1838, and reared on a farm. He received a common-school education , and the 
 day Franklin Pierce was inaugurated President of the United States (March 4, 
 1853) was united in marriage to Frances Leap, born in Manchester Oct 34, 1833. 
 She bore him 3 children, and died March 18, 1856. In December of the same year, 
 Mr. C. married Angeline Taylor, and she died Oct. 17, 1871. On Oct. 17, 1878, 
 he married Sarah A. Barnes, and 3 children have been given to them — Estella A., 
 Jay and Jessie. M rs. Cross was born May 33, 1853, and is a daughter of Isaac and 
 Mary Barnes. Mr. C. is the possessor of a fine farm of 305 acres, located on sections 
 33 and 24, and valued at $60 per acre. Politically he is a Republican. 
 
 Beverly P. Davenport, son of William H. Davenport, Saline, was born in Saline 
 Aug. 3, 1853, and received his educational training in the Saline Union school. 
 In 1871 he graduated from the Detroit Commercial College, and in April, 1873, 
 entered the mercantile trade with his father. On Oct. 8, 1873, he married Emily 
 Pope, born in February 1853, and daughter of Charles and Wealthy Pope, early 
 pioneers of this count}'. Mr. and Mrs. Davenport are ardent workers in the M. E. 
 Church, and bear a pleasant influence on all with whom they meet. Mr. Daven- 
 port is a member of the Knights of Honor. They had 1 child sent to them — Ed- 
 ward A., who is deceased. 
 
 William H. Davenport, the oldest and most prominent living merchant of 
 Saline village, was born in Genesee county, N. Y., Oct. 23, 1836. His parents 
 were Beverly and Gertrude (Foster) Davenport, natives of New York, who set- 
 tled in Washtenaw county in 1837, locating at the " Grove," now within the city 
 limits of Ypsilanti . Mr. Davenport's father lived but a few years after entering 
 this county, and his remains were interred in the old cemetery at Ypsilanti. Will- 
 iam H. subsequently removed to Saline, and when 12 years of age entered the 
 employ of C. Vanhusan, as clerk. He was employed in mercantile pursuits for 
 several years, and in Feburary, 1851, entered into co-partnership with H. J. Mil- 
 ler. They opened a " general store," and continued in business two years. Mr. 
 Davenport then purchased Mr. Miller's interest, and has since been engaged in 
 the mercantile business. His son, B. P. Davenport, has had an interest in the 
 store for some years, and now transacts a large part of the business. Mr. Davenport 
 was married in 1851 to Zilpha Parsons, daughter of Orrin and Rebecca Parsons, 
 natives of New York. Three children were given to bless this union, 2 of whom 
 are living — Beverly P. and Mary A. Ai-cher 0. is deceased. Mr. Davenport's 
 mother departed this life Dec. 5, 1880, at the very advanced age of 94 years. She 
 was raised in the lap of luxury, and gave up all her comfortable and pleasant 
 surroundings to follow her " lord and master," into the wilderness of Michigan. 
 Her last days were like the first, spent in a quiet and peaceful home, and she sank 
 sweetly and calmly to rest, trusting that in the " last day" she would be called to 
 partake of the joys of Heaven— the blissful reward for the many trials and temp- 
 tations she had overcome in the nearly 100 years passed upon this earth. Mr. 
 Davenport is an old pioneer and a worthy member of that noble band. He is 
 traveling down life's hill very fast, and strives to do all the good he can while yet 
 a resident on this earth. He has been prominently identified with all Christian, 
 moral and benevolent movements, and is well noted for his kindness and gen- 
 erosity. 
 
 Henry T. Eddy, son of Enoch and Milla Eddy, early pioneers of this county, 
 was born in Ontario county, Aug 7, 1831. His parents were natives of Conway 
 county, Mass., and emigrated to Michigan in 1832, settling in Oakland county. 
 In 1834, they removed to this county and lived here till 1855, when they went to 
 Shiawassee county, where they still reside. Henry was raised and educated in 
 this county, and Jan. 36, 1845, married Olive R. Rouse, born in Shenandoah 
 Co., N. Y., and daughter of Henry and Beda (West) Rouse. They had 1 child, 
 Olive R., who married Orrin Parsons, but died May_ 12, 1873. Mr. Eddy is a 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1395 
 
 mechanic by trade, and has followed that vocation for years. In 1872 he went 
 into partnership with his son-in-law, in the lumber business. They erected a 
 planing mill at Saline, and have been operating it since. Mr. E. and wife are 
 members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a Republican. 
 
 Aaron L. Feldcamp, a prominent German of Saline tp., was born in Westphalia, 
 Prussia. Aug. 17, 1839. His parents, Henry and Anna Feldcamp, were natives of 
 the same place, and the former distinguished himself as Corporal, under Gen. 
 Blucher, during his six years service in the French Revolution. He was in sev- 
 eral principal engagements ; Waterloo, Moscow, and was present at the surrender 
 of Napoleon Bonaparte in Paris. He came to America in 1836, and settled in 
 Freedom tp., Washtenaw Co., where he died Aug. 4, 1846. His birth occurred 
 July 10, 1784. His wife still survives him, and at present is 85 years old. M. F. 
 was reared to manhood in this county, and sent to the district schools to be edu- 
 cated. May 4, 1856, he married Rosanna Bissinger, daughter of Conrad and 
 Catharine Bissinger, natives of Germany, who emigrated to this country in 1834, 
 and settled in Scio tp., where Rosanna was born Aug. 27, 1835. This union was 
 blessed with 10 children, 7 of whom are living — Lydia A., wife of Henry Linden- 
 schmidt, George J., Charles E., Mary, Julius, Otilda, and Martha. Mr. 
 and Mrs. F. are leading members of the Bridgewater Lutheran Church. He has 
 been J. P. for 16 years, 12 years in Freedom tp., and 4 years in Saline tp., and at 
 present is Sup't of the poor in the latter tp. In politics he is a tirm advocate of 
 the principles as set forth by the Democratic party. His occupation is that of a 
 farmer and stock-raiser, his farm comprising 486 acres, all under a good state of 
 state of cultivation, adorned by a handsome residence. Mr. F. is ranked with 
 the leading and enterprising men of Saline tp. 
 We give Mr. Feldcamp's portrait on page 1337 in this history. 
 Byron W. Forbes, farmer, was born in Washtenaw Co., Oct. 2, 1838. His par 
 ents, Joshua (deceased) and Maria Forbes, were early pioneers of this county 
 having located here in 1838. Byron W. was raised on a farm and educated in 
 this county. Oct. 9, 1863, he married Alice Rhodes, and 7 children were 
 born to them, 6 of whom are living— Flora M., Adelia E., Blanche H., Stella, 
 Mary E., and Dennis Ray. Allie is deceased. Mr. F.'s father died Feb. 10, 1879, 
 aged 73. Mr. Forbes owns a good farm of 200 acres on sees. 22 and 80, valued at 
 $50 per acre. He has filled the office of Township Treasurer one term, and polit- 
 ically is a Democrat. His mother is still living, aged 71. 
 
 Jortin Forbeit, JnaWce of the Peace, Saline, was born in Buckland, Mass., May 
 8, 1813. He was married in Livingston Co., N. Y., Sept. 22, 1835, to Deborah P. 
 King, a native of Detroit, Mich., born Oct. 6, 1813. To this union 4 children 
 were born, viz: Minerva, born in Genesee county, N. T., August 18, 1837; Ann, 
 born in Livingston county, N. Y., June 29, 1839 ; Sarah, born Oct. 1. 1841, and 
 Julia, born June 11, 1848, were natives of Livingston county, N. Y. Mrs. Forbes 
 died Aug. 13, 1857. Mr. F.'s progenitors were Scotch. John Forbes emigrated 
 to America at a very early day, and died in Duxbury, Mass , in 1661. His ances 
 tors were a clan of war proclivities in the Highlands of Scotland. The clan stii 
 exists in the Highlands. They were a very noted family in Scotland. 
 
 . Ben. H. M. Oirllup was born in Newstead, Erie Co . N. Y., Nov. 8, 1826. In 
 Sept., 1835, his father and family came to Michigan, locating near Brooklyn, 
 Jackson county. Here among the pioneers in the wilds of the territory of Michi- 
 gan was spent his early life. In Nov., 1846, his father died leaving the mother 
 with 8 children to mourn their loss, and continue the trials of life in a new coun- 
 try. In 1852-3 he visited California and returned to the old homestead. Feb. 18, 
 1858 he was ordained to the ministry at Brooklyn, Mich., and in March follow- 
 ing he removed to Grass Lake, Mich. The Church then numbered 88 members 
 Durino- the nearly 11 years' pastorate the present church edifice was erected 
 and 193 additions to the membership. In Oct., 1868, removed to Jonesville.Mich. ; 
 while there, was largely instrumental in organizing the Baptist Church at Hills- 
 dale After four years labors here removed to Leslie, Michigan, where during a 
 pastorate of five years a parsonage was built and a general awakening in 
 the interests of the Church. His health entirely failed,bringing all pastoral labors 
 to a close In Dec, 1 877, he removed to the Church of Columbia, to do only what 
 he might be able. Here he remained until Jan. 18, 1880 when with health only 
 slightly improved he came to Saline, Mich., to watch and wait for divine favor, 
 hoping for love and mercy to the end. As a minister of the gospel Mr. G. is effi- 
 cient. 
 
1396 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Artemas H. Olover, one of Washtenaw's early pioneers, was born in Cayuga 
 county, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1812, and is a son of William and Delpha (Haywood) 
 Glover, the former being a weaver by trade. Mr. G. followed fanning in the 
 summer, and making brooms in the winter, for the first nine years of his business 
 life ; then made harness for about 18 months. At the end of this time he hired 
 out to the different farmers in the neighborhood, working as a day laborer among 
 them till 1837, when he emigrated West and purchased 80 acres of land on sec. 4, 
 Saline tp., of this county. He Improved this some, and in 1842 sold it and pur- 
 chased 100 acres on sec. 3, where he still lives. He was married March 2, 1837, 
 to Jane Bowen, born in Cayuga county, N. Y., July 1, 1818, and daughter of 
 Martin and Mary Bowen, of Stafford, Mass. This union has been blessed with 
 3 children — Emma, wife of Thomas Hood, Romain and Irwin. The latter is 
 engaged in business in Chicago, 111. He was a teacher in the grammar depart- 
 ment of Sturgis Normal school for a number of years. Mr. Glover's father was 
 soldier in the war of 1812, and emigrated to this country about 1850, and died in 
 1857. The subject of this sketch is the eldest of a family of 9 children, all of 
 whom are living, and over 50 years of age. They are as follows : Artemus H., 
 aged 69; Charles, aged 66, resides in Kansas; Susan E., aged 64, resides in Gra- 
 tiot county, Mich. ; William, aged 62, lives in Jackson, Mich. : John, aged 60, re- 
 sides in Gratiot county, Mich. ; Lorain, aged 58, lives in Chelsea ; Samuel, aged 
 54, home in Livingston county, Mich.; Jane, aged 52, resides in Chelsea; and 
 Alfred, aged 60, living in Jackson county, Michigan. Mr. G. is a Democrat, 
 and has served that party in several local offices. 
 
 A. S. Goodrich, proprietor Goodrich House, Saline, was born in Hartford, Co., 
 Conn., Feb. 20, 1805, and is a son of Barzillah and Clarissa (Hosford) Goodrich, 
 natives of Connecticut. The father of the subject of this sketch was a sea 
 captain, and when A- H. was 11 years of age, he took him to sea as cabin boy, and 
 being quick to learn, and showing his ability to make a good seaman, it was not 
 long before he tread the deck as a captain. He followed this business, traveling 
 to and from the West Indies till 182 — , and commenced to work at the cabinet 
 trade. This he did till he was 21 years old, when he resumed his seafaring life, 
 and spent five years traversing the coasts of South America, being many times 
 nearly shipwrecked. After enduring the perilous life of a sea-captain for five 
 years, he quit the sailor's life and became a " landsman." He emigrated to 
 Washtenaw Co., and engaged as a clerk in the drug store of Keats & Ludden, 
 where he remained one year. He then bought Ludden's interest in the business, 
 and a year after the other half of the stock, and received into partnership S. P. 
 Griswold. In 1836 he engaged in the hotel business, and not long after went to 
 Chicago, 111., remaining there one year, and from that time till 1861 he was in 
 business in the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa and North Carolina. When 
 Ft. Sumter was fired upon by the rebels, he was at Wilmington, N. G, and 
 immediately came North again. He kept a hotel in Michigan City for three years ; 
 the Follet House at Ypsilanti for one year ; traveled eight years for Bachelder & 
 Co., marble dealers of Ypsilanti, and in May, 1879, he opened his present hotel in 
 Saline, and enjoys a good trade. He was married Sept. 2, 1834, to Julia A. Stow, 
 born in New York, Oct. 14, 1813. They were blessed with two children, one of 
 whom is living — Charlotte F., wife of Joseph H. Neff, of Wilmington, N. C. Two 
 children were born to them — Delia J . and Nellie B., but the younger died Aug. 
 30, 1879. at the tender age of 18 years. Mr. Goodrich was Township Treasurer 10 
 years; Clerk and Supervisor one year each ; Justice of the Peace for four years. 
 His father died of cholera in 1831, being on his way from this county to Detroit. 
 He formerly owned a vessel, and during the war of 1812 was frequently captured. 
 
 David Gordon (deceased) was born in Scotland, March 9, 1805. He emigrated 
 to America in 1833, and remained in New York city, where he was engaged in 
 contracting, and other business, for about 7 years. From New York he went to 
 Hartford, Conn., and obtained the contract of building the Hartford bridge. On 
 Nov. 16, 1843, he married Sally A. Cole, born in Allegany Co., N. Y., April 7, 
 1831, and daughter of Garrett and Sarah (Wrener) Cole, the former of which was 
 a soldier in the war of 1812. This union was blessed with the birth of 6 chil- 
 dren, 4 of whom are living — William, John, David and Ellen, wife of James Col- 
 lins. In 1846 Mr. Gordon emigrated to this county, purchased a tract of land, 
 and followed farming as a business till his death, which occurred Nov. 6, 1870, he 
 being 65 years old at the time. He left a wife and 4 children and a large circle 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1397 
 
 of friends and neighbors to mourn his loss. He was a good man and well respected 
 by all with whom he was acquainted. 
 
 John F. Qraf, Saline, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, March 6, 1833. His 
 parents were John G. and Margaret Graf. Mr. G. was reared in his native land, 
 and attended its public schools, where he received the education he now pos- 
 sesses. In 1854, he emigrated to America, and came West, till he saw Washtenaw 
 county. This fair spot pleased him, and he purchased a farui ; by subsequent 
 purchases this farm has been increased to 305 acres. May 1, 1860, he married 
 Dolly Grass, and this union has been blessed with 6 children, 4 of whom are liv- 
 ing—Charles F., George A., William H. and Lydia. Mr. G. is a member of the 
 German Lutheran Church, at Saline, and in politics is a firm believer in the 
 principles adopted by the Democratic party. 
 
 Wm. Melville Oregory, whose portrait we present on page 401, is one of the pio- 
 neers of Saline township. Of the original settlers and purchasers of Government 
 land very few remain. In some of the towns of our county probably not one can 
 be found. He was born March 23, 1804, the time being memorable in history for 
 one of the greatest snow-storms of modern days. Upon the farm now in posses- 
 sion of Hon. Albert G. Fox, in the tp. of Sand Lalte, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., his 
 father. Dr. Uriah M. Gregory, had settled in the year 1800, only ten miles from 
 the city of Albany, where the Low Dutch from Holland had pitched their tents 
 nearly 200 years before. The rugged pine-clad hills remained for New England 
 enterprise to occupy. Dr. Gregory, although a practicing physician, of Connectr 
 icut birth and traming, was a thorough farmer, as the heavy stone walls and 
 enormous fences built of the stumps of pine trees, could testify. His mother, 
 Lucretia, nee Ely, was also of Connecticut descent ; the place of her birth was 
 Westbrook, near the mouth of the Connecticut river, where her father, Col. John 
 Ely, was for a long time surgeon and physician. As a commanding officer in the 
 Revolutionary army. Col. Ely was in active correspondence with Gen. Washing. 
 ton. His life and service to his country, the well-known writer, Samuel G. Good- 
 rich, also one of his grandsons, in his " Recollections of a Life-time," has 
 presented to the world. In the early years of this century the schools of New 
 England, and especially of New York State, were not noted for the extent of their 
 teachina;. 
 
 Mr. Gregory, the subject of this sketch, was the middle one of seven sons. In 
 his thirteenth year his common-school education was considered as complete, he 
 having mastered Willett's Geography, Murray's small Grammar, andJDaboll's 
 Arithmetic as far as the rule of square root. A thorough acquaintaifce with the 
 Latin language was procured under private instruction as it could be found. In 
 the fall of 1819, in his seventeenth year, he entered Lenox Academy, in Massachu- 
 setts, and several months' too close application to the Greek language nearly 
 ruined his sight and led him back to agriculture as his occupation. His sight 
 had been so enfeebled that he could not bear the light of the snow. One winter 
 was passed in a dark room, the next in the South on the James river in Virginia, 
 at Surrey Court-House, and the next in New York city, under the care of the 
 noted oculist. Dr. Samuel Rodgers. The use of leeches was the doctor's only pre- 
 scription. Only those from Portuguese waters were used, and the supply of these 
 was soon exhausted. Necessity, the mother of invention, led him to contrive an 
 artificial leech of glass. Its weekly use for one year fully restored his sight, 
 which now, to the 78th year of his life, can master the finest print without the 
 aid of glasses. This is a favor for which he would entertain the deepest and sin- 
 cerest gratitude. 
 
 As a School Inspector for many years, and as a Supervisor for several years, he 
 had all the opportunities for public service he desired or could well improve. 
 Forty-three years he has been permitted to hold the office of Ruling Elder in one 
 Church. When protesting of late years against a re-election, the consoling reply 
 has been made, " The Church does not expect you are going to live long." To 
 them he is grateful ; to God he would be more so ; to them for the exhibition of 
 their patient confidence; to God for the privilege of serving Him and having a 
 name and dwelling with his people. 
 
 Dr. Daniel Hall, Saline, was born in Perry Co., Penn., Jan. 11, 1825. His par- 
 ents, John and Rebecca (Kohler) Hall, were natives of Berks Co., Penn. The 
 Dr. was raised on a farm and educated in the common school of his native State,. 
 but in 1850 he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. George L. Potter, of 
 Bellefonte Center, Pa. He remained here until Oct., 1853, when he came to Ann 
 
1398 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTr. 
 
 Arbor, and entered the medical department of Michigan University, graduating 
 as an M. D. March 30, 1854. He then returned to Pennsylvania, and commenced 
 practicing at " Old Fort," where he was engaged one year. He came West once 
 more and settled in Pittsfleld, Hillsdale Co., Mich., where he practiced his pro- 
 fession 8 years. In 1862 he came to Saline, where he has since resided, and has 
 built up quite an extended and lucrative practice. He was married Nov. 7, 1854, 
 to Samantha Wood, born in Yates Co., N. Y., July 8, 1830, and daughter of 
 Darius and Nancy J. Wood, natives of Connecticut. They have one son, Abram 
 Sager, who is one of Washtenaw county's best scholars. He entered the Michi- 
 
 fan University at Ann Arbor and received his first degree in 1876, the master's 
 egree 1877, and in 1878 received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, being the 
 second person upon whom that degree has been conferred at this University. Af- 
 ter finishing his education he was appointed an Assistant Professor in Albion 
 College, remaining there two years. He is now engaged in business in Wash- 
 ington, D. C. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are faithful and consistent members of the Pres- 
 byterian Church. In politics Mr. H. believes in the principles of the Republican 
 party. 
 
 E. Hall, M. D., Saline, was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., June 7, 1807, and 
 is a son of E. and Mary Hall, natives of Massachusetts. The subject of this 
 sketch was reared on a farm, and educated at the Bridgewater Academy. He 
 commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Catlin, of Winfleld N- Y , in 1829, 
 and remained with him three years. He then entered the Fairfield Medical Col- 
 lege, and graduated Feb. 37, 1832. Wishing to obtain as much knowledge about 
 his profession as possible, he attended the Geneva College of Medicine, and in 
 1865-'6 took a course of lectures in the medical department of Michigan Univer- 
 sity, graduating March 28, 1866. From 1833 to 1837, he practiced at Winfleld, 
 N. Y.; from 1887 to 1844, at Brighton; thence to Cohocton, and from the latter 
 place to Rockford, Ills., where he remained till 1857, when he removed to Saline, 
 and has since resided there, engaged in the practice of his profession. Feb. 16, 
 1832, he married E'iza Scoby, born inHerkimer county, N. Y., July 39, 1810, and 
 a dauehter of James and Elizabeth Scoby. They have one child — George W. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hall are members of the M. E. church, and in politics he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 George W. Hall, ticket and freight agent of the D., H. & S. W. R. R., Saline, 
 was born in Heikimer county, N. Y., Dec. 8, 1833, and is a son of E. and Eliza 
 Hall. Jfr. H. was raised in Rochester, N. Y., and attended the Lima and Roch- 
 ester seminaries, where he graduated in the commercial course. He was in the 
 employ of the Erie R. R., on the Buffalo division, for three years. At the expira- 
 tion of this time he went to Rockford, Ills., where he lived two years. From 
 Rockford he came to Saline and was engaged in the hardware business 12 years. 
 He then accepted a position as bookkeeper for Wm. H. Davenport, which he 
 filled for two years. After a term of instruction in telegraphy, he obtained the 
 agency for the above named road, at Saline, which position he still occupies. He 
 was married Sept. 4, 1855, to Ruth A. Andrews, born in Canadaville, N. Y., Aug. 
 7, 1833, and daughter of Dr. Philo and Clarissa Andrews, natives of Vermont. 
 Of their 4 children, 3 are living — Philo E., who married Prances Inelish, 
 and bookkeeper of Park, Davis & Co., of Detroit, and Cynthia. Mr. Hall and 
 wife are members of the M. E. Church. He is connected with the Knights of 
 Honor, and in politics votes with the Democratic party. 
 
 Henry A. Hammond was born in Essex Co., N.Y., July 38, 1838. His parents 
 were Daniel and Mary Hammond, who cameto this county in October, 1830. When 
 they arrived $500 was all the money they had, and he at once entered 340 acres of 
 land, on sections 34, 35, and 26 He built a log house and moved into it. In 
 1834 he sold 80 acres of his original entry, and purchased 120 acres of sec. 36. 
 When he had got fairly started in his adopted county, in .lune, 1840, his house 
 took fire and burned down, consuming all his household property, and leaving 
 him entirely without anything to live in, or clothing to wear. His neighbors 
 kindly aided him, and another house soon sheltered his family. Again, as he 
 was beginning to prosper, he was seized with sickness, and May 14, 1847, 
 passed away, being 53 years old at the time. He had formerly worked in the 
 mercantile trade near Lake Champlain, N-Y., operating an extensive clothing 
 establishment, but a couple of freshets swept away all his possessions, and he was 
 forced to come West to retrieve his shattered loitaii". Mr. Hammond, the subject 
 of this sketch, was raised on his father's farm in tai3 couaty, and received but a 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1399 
 
 limited education in the common scliools. Jan. 15, 1856, he married Eliza M. 
 Boyden, born in this county, Dec. 6, 1834, and daughter of Lanson 8. and Mary 
 (Hutchinson) Boyden. Of the 6 children born to them, only 4 are living- 
 Mary B., wife of Kev. James Lewis, of Rochester, K.Y.; George H., Ralph L., and 
 Burt. Irvin and Hettie are deceased. Mr. and Mrs H. are members of the 
 Baptist Church. He owns a farm of 340 acres on sections 24 and 36, and is a 
 Democrat. His paternal grandfather served in the Revohitionary war. 
 
 Robert Hammond (deceased) was an old and respected pioneer of Waihtenaw 
 county. He was born in Ticonderoga, N. Y., April 19, 1804, and was the son 
 of Robert and Ruana (Ferris) Hammond. He came to this county in 1830, and 
 entered 80 acres of land, which, after improving somewhat, he sold and procured 
 the old homestead where his widow now resides. He was united in marriage 
 Jan. 3, 1839, to Mary Valentine, born in Ontario Co., N. Y., April 1, 1804, and 
 daughter of Mathias and Sarah Valentine. The result of this union was the birth 
 of 6 children, 4 of whom are living— Sarah M., wife of Henry Griswold, of Hills- 
 dale Co., Mich. ; Ruana E., wife of Lj'uian Robinson ; Mary A.; Rachel C, wife 
 of Christian Cook. George R. and Georgiana are deceased. Mr. H. followed the 
 occupation of farming till his death, which occurred Nov. 16, 1875, he being 73 
 years old at the time. He was a consistent member of the M. B. Church, and has 
 gone to his reward. He assisted in the organization of Saline tp., and first repre- 
 sented the new tp. in the County Board of Supervisors. This position he satis- 
 factorily filled for 14 years. In the death of this good man, the family lost a kind 
 father and affectionate husband, the tp. a good neighbor and counselor, and the 
 county an old pioneer and an enterprising citizen. Mr. H.'s father sei-ved as a 
 soldier in the Revolutionary war under the famous General Putnam, or " Old 
 Put," as he was generally known, enlisting at the youthfvil age of 18. Mrs. Ham- 
 mond's father was an officer in the same war under General George Washington, 
 and died in October, 1855, at the age of 81, and liis wife in 1868, when she had 
 nearly completed her fourscore and ten years on this earth. 
 
 Samuel O. Hartwell, farmer, was born in Steuben Co., N. Y., Oct. 10, 1847, and 
 is the son of Aaron and Electa Hartwell, the former of which is living, at the 
 age of 81. Mr. H. was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. 
 He was married April 3, 1877, to Mary Simmons, born in St. Clair Co., Mich., 
 June 5, 1857, bat resided since 13 years old in Monroe Co., daughter of John 
 L. and Mary Simmons. To Mr. and Mrs. H. 1 child has been sent, Effie A., 
 born June 1 , 1879. Mr. Hartwell had two brothers in the late war, bo^i serving 
 in Co. F, 6th Mich. Heavy Artillery, and won brilliant laurels fighting for "Uncle 
 Sam." Mrs. H.'s father died Jan. 14, 1873, aged 61. The subject of this sketch 
 owns a good farm of 95 acres in sections 35 and 35. Politically, he believes in 
 the principles of the Democratic party. 
 
 Eugene Helber, proprietor of Helber's tannery, Saline, was born in Wurtemberg, 
 Germany, Nov. 12, 1846. He is the son of Christian Helber (deceased), a physi- 
 cian of great prominence in Germany, and in 1848, during the German revolution, 
 served as staff physician, coming very near being imprisoned, but escaped. In 
 1854 he emigrated to America,and located in Ann Arbor, where he died Feb. 9, 1827. 
 His widow still resides in Ann Arbor. Eugene was raised in the latter place, and 
 received his educational training at the schools of that city. In 1833 he came to 
 Saline and started a tannery, in which business he has been very successful, and 
 still follows. May 16, 1874, he married Katie Graf, daughter of George and Agnes 
 Graf, natives of Germany, who emigrated to America in 1857. Mrs. H. was 
 born in "Wurtemberg, Germany, March 8, 1854. Mr. Helber is one of the most 
 enterprising business men of Saline. 
 
 William Heller, blacksmith. Saline, was born in Cumberland Co., Pa., April 
 16, 1837, and is the son of Levi and Peggy Heller, natives of Pennsylvania. When 
 quite young Mr. H. removed with his parents to Clarke Co., Ohio, where he was 
 reared and educated. In 1847 he commenced serving a three years' apprentice- 
 ship in blacksmithing with David Vincent. Having mastered his trade at the 
 end of the term, he came to Detroit and worked at his trade for four years, thence 
 to Northville, Wayne Co., where he worked for the same period. He then came 
 to Ypsilanti and worked for Beech & Co., till 1876, when he removed to Saline. 
 He married Nov. 7, 1847, Sabrina Tutton, and of the 6 children born to them, 3 
 are now living — Alice A., wife of John L. Hickson, of Jackson, Mich. ; Josephine 
 E., teacher in the grammar department. Union school. Saline, and Harry, the 
 inventor of an improved car coupler, mention of which is made in another por- 
 
1400 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 tion of this volume. Mrs. Heller is a daughter of George and Betsey Tutton, and 
 was born in England, July 18, 1826. Both are members in good standing of the 
 M.E. Church of Saline. 
 
 Aaron H. Howard, carriage manufacturer, galine, was born in Wayne Co., N. 
 Y., Feb. 8, 1835, and is a son of Joseph and Mary (Hopkins) Howard, the former 
 a native of Rhode Island, and the latter of New York. They came to this county 
 in 1838, settled in Saline tp., and in 1846, removed to Saline village, where the 
 former died Sept. 9, 1879, at the age of 78, and the latter Aug. 30, 1873, aged 75. 
 Mr. Howard, sr., was a soldier in the war of 1812, and received a land grant of 160 
 acres from the Government when he was discharged. Aaron H. was mostly 
 raised in Saline village, and obtained a good education at the public schools. 
 He learned his trade with George Sherman, of Saline, and worked for a time at 
 Tecumseh, and also one year in Aurora,Indiana, after which he returned to Saline, 
 where he has since resided. Feb. 25, 1865, he enlisted in Co. A, 17th Reg. Mich. Vol. 
 Inf , and serving till the war closed, was honorably discharged, and resumed his 
 former occupation. In 1850 he married Resada Jewett, and they had 1 child 
 born to them— Willis J. Mrs. Howard died Jan. 6, 1860, and April 10, 1868, he 
 married Mrs. Adaline Kinsley, and 1 child has been the result of this union — 
 Charles G. Mr. Howard is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and the Repub- 
 lican party. 
 
 J. O. Boyt, proprietor of the York flouring mills, was born in Cayuga Co., .N. 
 Y., May 16, 1822, and is a son of Timothy and Dorothea (Humpsted) Hoyt, natives 
 of Ridgefield, Conn. J. G. passed his early life on a farm, receiving his education 
 in the public schools. In 1845, he entered a grist-mill, in Meriden, Conn., as 
 miller, which position he held for eight years. He then farmed for five years, but 
 believing he could do better at his trade, in 1860 he came to Lyons, Mich., and 
 engaged in milling till 1875, when he removed to Saline, and purchased the York 
 mills. These mills, in connection with a stave factory, he has operated tince. 
 July 25, 1845, he married Isadore S. V«n Will, born in New York., Feb. 8, 1826, 
 and daughter of Henry and Lydia Van Will, natives of Albany Co., N. Y. They 
 have 4 children — George G., married to Elizabeth A. Gerald, now living in Gratiot 
 Co., Mich ; Emily M., wife of John T. Perclval, a merchant of Grand Haven, Mich.; 
 William S., who married Jennie H. Hickmott, and Fred V. N. Both of Mr. 
 Hoyt's grandfathers servea in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Hoyt's great grand- 
 father, on his father's side, was a boy 11 years old when Deerfield, Mass., was 
 burned by the Indians. He was sleeping in the upper room of the house, and was 
 awakened by the screams of the terrified inhabitants. This frightened him so 
 that he jumped out of the window, and unnoticed, ran and hid in a corn bin, stand- 
 ing to the rear of the house. In this place he remained till morning, and seeing 
 that the Indians had departed he emerged from his place of refuge, and his gaze fell 
 on such a horrible picture of butchery and torture, inflicted by those red devils, as to 
 make him faint. He did not know but that his own parents were lying among 
 that unfortunate number, but not having the courage to look, he turned his face to- 
 ward the nearest settlement, 40 miles distant, arriving there after a four days' march, 
 the only one that remained of that once prosperous village, all the rest being 
 killed or captured by the Indians. He subsequently returned to his relatives at 
 Ridgefield, Conn., when he, with 28 others, purchased a township of land, and it is 
 said that he gave his hat and coat for his part of the payment, having no other 
 property. His cousin, John Hoyt, was once captured by the Indians, and they 
 started for Canada with him, it being in the winter season. They came to the Con- 
 necticut river, which they had to cross. They gave him a pair of roughly made 
 skates to help him along. He put them on, but would fall down every few steps. 
 In this way he deceived the Indians, and they thought perhaps the skates were bad ; 
 so selecting a better pair, they made him put them on, but he made no better prog- 
 ress, still watching for a chance to escape. They would laugh at his awkward 
 motions, and at last thinking he could get along as best he could, they started 
 along faster, and he fell behind, but before they were aware, he was about 10 rods 
 away, and going like a small hurricane. He skated about 10 miles, the Indians try- 
 ing to catch him all the while, and came to where a small stream emptied into the 
 river, and the channel being narrow at this point, the incoming flow of water had 
 prevented any ice being formed. He looked back and saw the red skins not far 
 distant, and knowing it would be certain death if re-captured, he made a brave re- 
 solve to leap across if it was possible. He went back a little way, and started for- 
 ward very fast, made the leap, and landed all safe on the other bank. When his 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1401 
 
 pursuers came up, they were greatly surprised, and said ' ' Ugh ! Great Spirit in 
 him, " and turned back, not caring to pursue him any further. Mr. Hoyt, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, is the youngest of a family of 8 children, all of which, except 
 1, have reached three-score years. Mr. H. and his entire family are members of the 
 Presbyterian Church. In politics, he is a Republican. His "youngest son, Fred 
 V. N., is taking a theological course in Yale College. 
 
 Milan Kidder (deceased) was born in Ontario county, N. Y., May 3, 1819. His 
 parents were Samuel and Elizabeth Kidder, the former a native of Vermont and 
 the latter of New Jersey. Mr. K. passed his early life on a farm, and received 
 his educational training in the common schools of his native State. In 1853 he 
 emigrated to this county, where he lived till his death, which occurred Dec. 2, 
 1875, at the age of 56. He was married Dec. 11, 1841, to Susan li. Carr, born in 
 Yates county, N. Y., Dec. 23, 1832, and daughter of Amos and Sarah (Arnold) 
 Carr (both deceased), the former a soldier in the war of 1812, and departed this 
 life Dec. 18, 1851, aged 64; the partner of his joys and sorrows through this 
 world following him on Nov. 11, 1864. This marriase was blessed with the birth 
 of 3 children, 3 of whom are living^Amos Y. andFrank E. Albert (deceased) 
 was born Sept. 4, 1842, and died Feb. 19, 1877. 
 
 George King, one of the veteran pioneers of Washtenaw county, was horn in 
 Hampshire county, Mass., Dec. 29,1800. His parents were Martin K. and Lucinda 
 (Shephard) King. In the year 1802, Mr. King was taken by his grandparents to 
 Montgomery Co., N. Y. There in the Mohawk valley he was reared to man- 
 hood, receiving a very limited education in the public schools of that day. Mr. 
 K.'s father was a Baptist minister, and died in Massachusetts in 1802. After Mr. 
 Kingwas of age, he returned to Massachusetts, the home of his birth, and with 
 his brother Martin's assistance, erected a monument at the head of his father's 
 grave. In a few years after his mother married John Foster, of English nativity, 
 and soon after they moved to Canada, since which time her sons have never heard 
 from her. In 1830 Mr. King came to this county but remained only a short time. 
 He returned to Massachusetts, and May 31, 1831, he came again to Washtenaw 
 county, and entered 160 acres of land on sec. 19, in Salem tp. He first moved into 
 a small " shanty" belonging to a sugar camp, where they lived until a log cabin 
 was built for their occupancy. The region around their home was wild, and filled 
 with deer, bears,wolves,wild turkey and other animals that inhabit a region of this 
 kind. Mr. King was married Oct. 10, 1823, to Margaret McGowan, and of the 
 13 children born to them, the greater part among the wilds of Washtenaw, 10 are 
 living — Margaret, widow of Oscar Colvin, deceased; William, Sarah J., wife of 
 Albert T. Mason; John V., Elizabeth, wife of Orpheus Church; George A., 
 Michael E.,David W., Helen, wife of George Bailey, and Marinda, wifeof Thomas 
 Burroughs. Mrs. King was born in Washington county, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1806. 
 In 1874 Mr. King sold his farm and moved to Ann Arbor, and in 1879 removed 
 to Saline, where he resides at present. For over 55 years Mr. and Mrs. King have 
 trodden life'spath way together, and beheld with their own eyes the wonderful im 
 provements that have taken place since they first came here. They are both 
 members of the M. E. Church, and each of them have nearly reached the three- 
 score and ten years allotted to man and woman on this earth. They will soon lie 
 down to their final rest to wait the great Judgment Day. Mr. K.'s grandfather. 
 Dr. David Shephard, was a Surgeon in the Revolutionary war, and subsequently 
 a member of the famous Washingtonlan Society. 
 
 Michael Klaeger, farmer, sec 7; P. O., Bridgewater; was born in Wurtemberg, 
 Germany, Sept. 5, 1829, and is a son of Christian and Christiana K. who came to 
 America in February, 1848, and settled in this county. In 1856 Michael emigrated 
 to this county, and settled in Saline tp. He was married Oct. 2, 1854, to Barbara 
 Bower, born in Germany, May 14, 1831, and daughter of Matthias Bower. Of 
 their 9 children, 8 are now living — John M., Charles H., John G., Christiana B., 
 Eliza, Ann M., Michael, Magdalena and Caroline. Amelia is deceased. Mr. K. 
 and wife are members of the Bridgewater Lutheran Church. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. He owns a fine farm in the western part of Saline township. 
 
 John A. Klein, proprietor of the Schuyler Mills, Saline, was born in this county 
 Dec. 26, 1836, and is the son of John P. and Mactalana Klein, natives of Ger- 
 many. 'Mr. K. emigrated to this country In 1833, but in coming over the " big 
 pond " he was robbed of $140, nearly all the money he possessed in the world, leav- 
 ing him with barely enough to get to Detroit. He hired out as a laborer in 
 this latter place, and worked at that until he had accumulated a sufficient sum of 
 
1402 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 money to enable him to buy 40 acres of land. Starting on this farm, he worked 
 with energy and perseverance, and before long had increased his acreage to 160, 
 which some years ago he divided among his 4 children — Catherine, wife of H. M. 
 Jones ; William, John A. and J. P. John A., the subject of this sketch, was reared 
 on a farm, and educated in the public schools. He was married April 3, 1864, to 
 Christiana, daughter of Christian Burkhart, an old pioneer of this county. There 
 were 7 children born to them, of whom 6 are living — Horace M., Charles W., 
 George, Alice, Anna and Minnie. Lydia is deceased. Mr. Klein purchased the 
 Schuyler Mills, Jan. 1, 1866. His parents reside with him, both in the 79th year 
 of their age. His father distinctly remembers seeing Napoleon's army. 
 
 John La Rue, stock-buyer, Saline, was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., Sept. 15, 1845. 
 He came with his parents, Thomas and Ann E. LaRne, to York tp., Washtenaw 
 county, in 1855, where he passed his early manhood, receiving a common-school 
 education. In 1872 he removed to Saline, where he has since been engaged in 
 buying and shipping stock. Nov. 1, 1870, he married Marietta L. Kelsey, born in 
 this county Oct. 6, 1853, and daughter of Joseph and Juliana Kelsey, natives of 
 Genesee Co., N. Y. They have 2 children — Daisy M., born July 13, 1877, and 
 Ora D., born Aug. 23, 1879. In politics Mr. La Rue is a Democrat. 
 
 Ard Lashier was born in this county June 4, 1837. His parents were Michael 
 and Hannah Lashier, natives of Pennsylvania and Connecticut, respectively. In 
 1830 they came to Washtenaw county, and entered 85 acres of land in York tp., 
 where they lived but a short time, thea sold and entered 85 acres on another sec- 
 tion, where they lived till they were called away— the former dying Dec. 5, 1860, 
 aged 73, and the latter in July, 1871, aged 76. The subject of this sketch was 
 raised on a farm and educated in the public schools of this county. When 20 years 
 of age he came to Saline, and learned the art of making boots and shoes, subse- 
 quently opening a shop of his own, which he operated till 1868; then entered the 
 employ of Schairer Bros., and has worked in the harness department of their shop 
 since. Jan. 11, 1862, he married Mary Wallace, born in 1851, and daughter of 
 Daniel D. and Laura Wallace, early pioneers of the county. She bore him 2 
 children — Ottie and Fannie, and died Feb. 7, 1863. Mr. Lashier again married 
 on Dec. 11, 1865, to Emma Palmer, born in Utica Co., N. Y., Dec. 26, 1846, and 
 daughter of Edward and Mary Palmer. Mr. L. is a Republican. 
 
 John Layer, farmer, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, Feb. 12, 1838, and son 
 of Michael and Mary Layer, the former dying in 1843. In 1846 John, with his 
 mother and two brothers, Jacob and Gottlieb, emigrated to America. They re- 
 mained some time in Buffalo, N. Y., then came to this county. The mother, with 
 her son Gottlieb, resides in Huron counly, and Jacob lives in Tuscola county. Mr. 
 L. was married March 14, 1866, to Rlcka Kulenkampdaw, born in Freedom tp., 
 Nov. 7, 1841, and daughter of Elard and Ann Kulenkampdaw. Of their 6 chil- 
 dren, 3 are living — Emma A., born July 9, 1873, and Sarah A., born Nov. 23, 1874. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Layer are members of the Lutheran Church. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. His farm is situated on sec. 7, and consists of 140 acres. 
 
 Jamei B.'Lindsley, farmer, was born in Washtenaw county Oct. 25, 1835. His 
 parents were Samuel and Rachel Lindsley, the former born in the county of Down, 
 Ireland, February, 1789, and the latter in the county of Antrim, Ireland, in Octo- 
 ber, 1807. The former came to this country in 1816, and stopped in New York 
 city, and the latter followed with her parents in 1821, and settled in Livingston 
 county, N. Y. Mr. L. was engaged in business in New York city for four years, 
 then removed to Long Island, where he followed gardening for the same period. 
 In 1833 he came to Michigan and entered 160 acres of land on sec. 32, and also 80 
 acres in Clinton tp., Lenawee county. He returned to New York and the follow- 
 ing winter was married to Rachel Baty. In June, 1834, he again came West, bringing 
 his young wife wjth him. They suffered the privation ttiat all pioneers are sub- 
 ject to in a new country, but bore them with cheerful hearts and ready hands. In 
 this wild region 4 children were born, 3 of whom are living — Sarah J., Mary A., 
 and James B. Mr. L., sr., aided in laying out and surveying many of the roads 
 in Saline tp., and was a prime mover in organizing school districts, and building 
 school-houses. He died March 37, 1856, at the advanced age of 73. Mrs. L. fol- 
 lowed him on Feb. 12, 1880, being of the same age at jtime of death. He was 
 a member of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, but never connected himself with 
 any religious denomination in this country. In politics he was a Democrat, and 
 James B. has followed in his political footsteps. He left a farm of 111 acres on 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. liOS 
 
 sees. 31 and 38, whieh -was the land he had entered upon first coming into the 
 county. 
 
 William Manifold, an old pioneer of Washtenaw county, was born in York 
 county, Pa,, June 18, 1795. In May, 1884, he came to this county and located in 
 Saline. In 1836 he entered two 86-acre pieces of land in G-enesee county, but 
 remained in Saline, where he made his home. He also entered 80 acres of land 
 on sec. 14, in Saline tp. In 183o he sold his farm and removed to Detroit, where he 
 worked at the carpenter's trade till February, 1872, then returned to Saline, where 
 he has since resided. He was married Dec. 14, 1843, to Sophia Keynolds, born in 
 Seneca county, N. Y., 31ay 4, 1804, and daughter of Enos Reynolds, born near 
 Waterloo, Pa., and an early settler in the county. Mrs. M. died Dec. 14, 1872, 
 after, 29 years of wedded life. 3Ir. Manifold is" a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church, being at present in his 8oth year. The band of pioneers who are left 
 among the settlers of the early day are few, and the subject of this sketch de- 
 serves honorable mention in this volume. His father was a soldier in the Rev- 
 olationary war. 
 
 G. B. Mason, Postmaster, Saline, was born in Washtenaw county, Aug. 30, 1838, 
 and is the son of Mial and Dortliy Mason, the former born Nov. 29, "l808, and 
 a native of ^lassacUusetts, and the latter born Dec. 25, 1796, and of New York 
 nativit}'. They came to this county in 1836, and Mr. Jlason clerked in a hotel 
 , for two years, "and for three years kept the toll-gate on the Chicago & Detroit 
 tiu-npike. He then engaged in the grocerj' business, and subsequently in the dry- 
 goods trade. In 1861 he was appointed Postmaster of Saline by President Lin- 
 coln, which position he held till his death, which occurred Sept. 8, 1875, at the 
 age of 67. His companion had preceded him, her departure taking place April 
 23, of the same year. The subject of this sketch was reared in Saline, and ob- 
 tained his educational training in the scliools of that village. He clerked in the 
 P. O. till 1863, then for five j^ears was engaged as clerk in a store. In 1868 he 
 was appointed Postmaster, which position he still occupies. He is also a dealer 
 in drugs and stationery, and carries a stock valued at .$2,500. On Nov. 8, 1866, he 
 married Anna E. Clark, born Aug. 1, 1847, and daughter of Albert R. and Martha 
 Clark, of Saline. They have 1 child, Ralph C, born June 14, 1878. 
 
 Silas F. 3Ie<td (deceased) was born in Greenwich, Conn., March 17, 1813. In 
 1835 he came to this county. He was a school-teacher, but spent four years as 
 clerk for his uncle, Silas Finch, in his store at Saline. He then rented and oper- 
 ated the York Mills for two years. In December, 1840, he married Harriet Ris- 
 don, and 4 children were born to them, 2 of whom arc living — William D., 
 who married Annie Hickmott, and Lewis R., husband of Blanche Durant. Both 
 sons live in Oakland, Cal. Mary E. and Henry R. are deceased. Mrs. Mead is a 
 daughter of Orange and Sallie (Newland) Risdon, and was born in Genesee Co., 
 N. Y., Sept. 21, 1847. After their marriage they moved on a farm in Pittsfield 
 tp., where they lived till 1851. In the latter year they removed to New Orleans, 
 La., where Mr. Mead owned a shoe store till the Rebellion commenced He then 
 engaged in making oil-cloths for the soldiers' sacks, and continued at this till 
 New Orleans was taken by the Union forces. He was then engaged for four 
 years in the commissary department of that city. At the expiration of that time 
 he returned to Washtenaw county, where he worked on his farm till his death, 
 which occurred Sept. 0, 1877, at the age of 65. He was a member of the Presby- 
 terian Church, also connected with the Sons of Temperance. His widow survives 
 him, and is an earnest and faithful member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Dudley Miller (deceased) was born at Mendon, N. Y., July 24, 1812. His par- 
 ents were Leonard and Rachel (Octrum) Miller, of German descent, and the former 
 a native of Connecticut, the latter being born in New York. In 1824 they re- 
 moved to Michigan, and the same year to a spot which now forms part of the city 
 of Ypsilanti. They remained there one year, and then removed to the old Indian 
 burying-ground, called the " Reserve." Here they built a double house, and 
 used it for an inn and dwelling. Many of the pioneers seeking a home in the 
 wilds of Michigan Territory, have found a resting-place beneath the roof of this 
 humble tavern; and often the only pay the proprietors would receive would be 
 the " God bless you " that came from the grateful heart of a foot-sore and weary 
 traveler. The nearest market places were Detroit and Monroe, and several days 
 were consumed in making a trip to either of these " frontier villages." Dudley 
 grew up amid these surroundings, assisting his father until death claimed him in 
 1831, after which he cared for the family, farming the greater part of the time. 
 81 
 
1404 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 He wa? maiTied October 33, 1831, to Rebecca Gillett, and the same year settled 
 on 160 acres of land in sec. 34, Saline tp. Mrs. Miller was born at Benton, Yates 
 Co., N. Y., July 18, 1814, and was the daughter of Joseph and Deborah (Watsou) 
 Gillett, natives of Connecticut, and of Scotch descent. Tlicy had 5 children 
 born to them, and 1 was adopted, An^eline Lowell, born iSTov. 8, 1838, and 
 adopted in 184U. She is now the wife of Byron Hobbs, Kalkaskia, Mich. The 
 children were — E. Addie, born May 30, 1841, married May 30, 1876, to Lewis L. 
 Bissell, Lakeview, Montcalm Co., Mich.; William Norton, born Oct. 22,1847, 
 and died April 23, 1859 ; Amos Jason, born March 11, 1850, married Dec. 4, 1879, 
 to Sarah E. Bozelle, now residing on sec. 34, Saline tp. ; Hattie M , born Nov. 18, 
 1853, and Eltie M., born July 4, 1855, married Oct. 37, 1880, to Miles A.Stoddard, 
 Hubbardston, Ionia Co., and" at present reside on sec. 24, Saline tp. Mr. Miller 
 was a firm advocate of the " C-i-olden Rule," and the latter part of his life was 
 filled with noble and philanthropic deeds. He died March 27, 1877, mourned by 
 a whole community. His widow still survives. 
 
 Charles Moore was born in Ontario countj^ N. Y., Sept. 17, 1821, and is a son of 
 Washington and Susanna Moore, natives of New Hampshire. Mr. Moore was 
 reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. In September, 1840, he 
 came to this county, and purchased 110 acres of land in Saline tp., on sec. 25. 
 He then returned to New York, and Sept. 36 he married Olive B. Baggerly. He 
 returned to Michigan with his new bride, and has resided in Washtenaw county 
 since. To this marriage 5 children were born, 3 of whom are living — Ther- 
 esa S., vi'ife of Jerome B. Hartwell, of Eaton county; Fletcher E. W., who mar- 
 ried Marj- Phillips, and Lillie D., wife of Newell Hubbard, of Milan, Mich. 
 Helen IT. and Lottie A. are deceased, Mrs. Moore was born in Ontario county, N. 
 Y., April 20, 1824. Her parents were Everett and Sarah (Larned) Baggerly, the 
 former a native of Maryland, born Aug. 7, 1785, and died Jan. 16. 1875, aged 90 years, 
 and the latter a native of Connecticut, born xVpril 11, 1794, and died May 4, 1871, 
 at the age of 77. Mr. Moore's father was born, Sept. 35, 1778, and died May 25, 
 1856, aged 78. Mrs. Moore departed this life April 1, 1853, aged 71. They were 
 married Nov. 6, 1800, and 10 children were born to them, 8 of whom are living 
 — Lorain, Jane, Lucy, Polly A., William, Betsey, James W. and Charles. Caleb 
 and Morris are deceased. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, and saw many 
 thrilling sights during that long and eventful conflict. An Indian once aimed 
 a shot at his head but fortunately it struck his wrist and thereby his life was 
 saved. 
 
 Benjamin Munroe, farmer, son of Alexander (deceased) and Huldah Munroe 
 was born in Lodi tp., March 31, 1845 He was raised on a farm and educated in 
 the common schools. March 5, 1873, he married Hattie Coryell, born in Seneca 
 county, N. Y., June 31, 1849, and daughter of John and Abigail Coryell, natives 
 of New York. To this union 1 child was sent — Carrie L., born Jan. 30, 1877. Mr. 
 M. owns a fine farm of 80 acres on sec. 35. He is a Republican. 
 
 Harrison A. Nichols, M. D., Saline, was born in Oakland county, Mich., Oct. 
 26, 1848, and is a son of John A. and Elizabeth Nichols, both natives of New 
 York. He was reared on a farm, educated at Ann Arbor, and commenced the 
 study of medicine in 1885 with Profs. Palmer and Cheever, of Ann Arbor. He 
 was under the instruction for one year, then studied with Dr. C. C. Kingsley, of 
 Ypsilanti, for two years, at the end of which -time he entered the medical depart- 
 ment of Michigan University, graduating as Doctor of Medicine in March, 1868. 
 He first commenced to practice in Deerfleld, Lenawee county, and remained there 
 about two years. From Deerfleld he removed to Ann Arbor, laboring in his pro- 
 fession in that city till 1876, when he came to Saline, where he has since resided 
 and engaged in his chosen profession. By close attention to business he has 
 established a large and growing patronage. 
 
 Simon Nissley, farmer, was born in Germany, March 3, 1830, and is the son of 
 Simon F. and Libbie Nissley, natives of Germany. In 1847 Simon emigrated 
 with his parents to America, and came westward, settling in Bridgewater tp., 
 this county, where his father still resides. In 1854 Mr. N. married Mary Rapp, 
 who was born in Germany Aug. 9, 1831. Eight children have been given to this 
 alliance — Simon, Oseo, Carrie and Polly (twins); the former married David 
 Mandt; Daniel, Mary and Libbie (twins), and Minnie. The loving mother 
 departed this life Nov. 17, 1879. She was a faithful and consistent member of the 
 Bridgewater Lutheran Church. Mr. Nissley owns 144 acres of well-improved 
 land, and has been engaged in agricultural pursuits since coming to this county. 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1405 
 
 ■with the exception of seven years, from 1854 to 1861, when he was in the employ 
 ■of the Great Western Railroad, in Canada. He is a member of the Lutheran 
 Church, and politically is a Democrat. 
 
 Qarry M. Osborn, farmer, was born in Greene Co., N. Y., Nov. 11, 1818, and 
 son of Barrett and Nancy (Stone) Osborn, natives of Connecticut. Mr. O. was 
 raised a " farmer's boy," and received the educational advantages the schools of 
 that day aflforded. Dec. 20, 18.=iT, he married Emma Hartwell, boi-n at Cohocton, 
 Steuben Co., N. Y., Sept. 39, 1838, daughter of Aaron and Maria Plartwell, of Con- 
 necticut. Of their 3 children, 2 are living— Lizzie M., born Oct. 18, 1857, and Min- 
 nie A., born Aug. 7, 1867, wife of John Fowler, of Eaton Co. Ethel (deceased) 
 was bom May 29, 1867; died May 11, 1870. Mr. O. came to Monroe Co. in 1840, 
 and bought land in Exeter tp., where he lived six years. He then went to Moore- 
 ville, and kept a hotel a short time, and from there came to Saline tp., where he 
 still resides, engaged in farming a piece of land comprising 167 acres. Mr. Os- 
 born's grandfather served as a teamster in the Revolutionary war. Miss Jennie 
 Wilkinson, more commonly known as the "Universal Friend," was Mrs. Osborn's 
 great aimt. 
 
 George Osborn, farmer, was born in Greene Co,, N. Y., Oct. 39, 1835, and is the 
 son of Barrett and Nancy Osborn, natives of (Connecticut. Mr. 0. passed his 
 early life working on his father's farm in Greene Co., and received a limited edu- 
 cation in the public schools. He came to this county in September, 1840, and 
 soon after purchased land on sec. 36, Saline tp., erected a house theron, and moved 
 in. He was married May 4, 1854, to Nancy Robison, a native of Lenawee Co., 
 Mich., where she was born May 4, 1835, daughter of Samuel and Nancy Robi- 
 son. This union was blessed with the birth of 3 children — -Jennie A. and Barrett. 
 Mrs. O. is a member in good standing of the Baptist Church atMooreville. Polit- 
 ically Mr. O. is a Republican. His father died in 1863, aged 75, and his mother 
 in October, same year, at the ripe old age of 83. 
 
 Chester Farsons, retired farmer, was born at Sandisfleld, Berkshire Co., Mass., 
 Dec. 1, 1799. His parents, John and Mary Parsons, removed to Greene Co., N. Y., 
 in the spring of 1803, where the former died in 1813, but the latter resided there til, 
 1826. Mr. P. lived at home till he was 19, then learned the tanner's -trade. In 
 1830 he commenced active life lor himself, working at $8 per month. In 1823 he 
 accepted a position as fireman in "Beam House," of John Bray, and on Nov. 26 of 
 the next year was united in marriage to Deborah B. Maben, daughter of Robert 
 and Electa Maben, the former born Julj' 5, 1781, and the latter Dec. 18, 1783. 
 Mrs. P., was born Sept. 13, 1805 . To this union 7 children were born, of whom 
 1 son and 2 daughters remam to cheer their home — Mary, wife of William Sanford; 
 Melissa, wife of Charles Fellows, and Alfred, married to Percia Tallmage. In 
 May, 1826, he emigrated to this county, and entered 80 acres of land, one and a 
 quartei miles south of Saline village, which then consisted of two log houses, and 
 was second farm south of the " Salt Spring Reserve." He was assisted by a resident 
 friend in locating his land, and fearing some one might accidentally get the start 
 of him, he, in company with his brother Orrin, started one evening, an hour before 
 sunset, for Monroe, 30 miles distant, through a dense wilderness, with not a single 
 house on the way. They plodded along an old Indian trail, it being so dark 
 they had to feel their way with their hands. By morning they had accomplished 
 20 milt s of the distance, and in a few hours the remainder. On returning from 
 Monroe, he erected a log house, and the floor was put in at odd times. He would 
 ■do a day's work, and every evening would put in a split log, till the floor was 
 finished. To Chester and Orrin Parsons are due the honor of erecting the first 
 building in Saline tp., being a much-needed saw-mill. In 1834 Mr. P. purchased 
 160 acres of land, where he now resides, and devoted his time and attention to 
 agricultural pursuits. Subsequent additions to his original purchase has increased 
 his acreage to 374, finely improved, with good buildings and a steam saw-mill on 
 the premises. In 1847 Mr. Parsons erected a saw-mill, but it was soon after de- 
 stroyed by fire. He rebuilt it, and operated it successfully for several years. In 1835 
 the Benton P. O. was removed to his house, and he has since that time filled the 
 position of Postmaster. Soon after coming to Saline, be, with his brother's assist- 
 ance, cut a road from Saline village to intersect the Tecumseh road, and the day 
 alter it was completed Mr. P. started with a team of "horned horses " (yoke of 
 oxen) to Monroe for a load of provisions. The trip occupied three days, and was 
 the first traveling done on this now busy thoroughfare. He also kept a hotel where 
 he now lives, before the railroad was completed to Ann Arbor. Mrs. Parsons was 
 
1406 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 V 
 
 at an advanced age when she died, and remarkably intelligent, while she also 
 possessed a brilliant memory. A short time before her death she wrote a history 
 of their trip from New York to Michigan, and connected with it an interesting ac- 
 count of the hardships and privations of their early pioneer life. She did not live to 
 finish it, but was called to her reward where pioneer life is unknown. He again 
 married, this time to Mrs. Jenette Wakefield, on Nov. 9, 1876, widow of Utley 
 "Wakefield, who died July 35, 1850, and daughter of John and Electa Arnold. Mrs. 
 Parsons was born near Albany, N. Y., June 10, 1823. By her first marriage, she 
 had 3 children — Eva E., wife of George H. Jewett, and Mary J., wife of William 
 Wallace. Mr. Parson's father was born Nov. 18, 1764. and died April 7, 1813, aged 
 49, and his mother was born May 30, 1767, and departed this life March 26, 1857, at 
 the ripe age of 90. He has been 54 years in Washtenaw county, and is now 82 
 years old, with locks as white as the driven snow. 
 
 We give Mr. Parson's portrait on ]iage437 of this volume. 
 
 Cornelius Parsom, merchant, Saline, was born in Washtenaw Co., Jan. 14, 1838. 
 His parents, Orrin and Rebecca S. ('Fuller) Parsons, were natives of New York. ■ 
 They came to this county in 18-80, and located 11. J miles south of Saline, where 
 the former built a saw and grist mill, the first erected in the place. He also 
 opened a tavern near the junction of the Chicago and Tecumseli road, which he 
 kept for 10 j'ears. The mills Mr. P. operated till his death. Mrs. P. died in 
 1854. Cornelius was reared in the country, his educational facilities limited to 
 the common country schools. In 1854 he came to Saline, and for several years 
 clerked for Davenport & Miller ; was with Mr. Northrop in the hardware business 
 six years ; then worked for Parsons & Co. ; then opened a store with H. J. Miller, 
 remaining there one year, at the end of this time opening a dry-goods establish- 
 ment of his own, which business he is now engaged in. He was married June 3, 
 1853, to Mary A. Ross. They have 3 children— Edith L., wife of Andrew J. War- 
 ren, Grosvenor H. and George "W. 
 
 (7api. Orrzn P«?'.«t>«s, son of Orrin (dec.) and Rebecca S. Parsons, was born in 
 Washtenaw county, Oct. 16, 1833. He was reared on a farm, and entered the lit- 
 erary department of Michigan University, graduating June 20, 1859. He then 
 went to Brunswick, Mo., and taught school one year. In 1861, he enlisted in Co. 
 
 D, 3d. Mich. Cav., under Col. Mintey, and participated in the battles of Madrid, 
 Corinth, and luka, with an almost innumerable number of skirmishes. At the 
 close of the war he was sent to San Antonio, Texas, and remained there for eight 
 months, when he was honorably discharged. He enlisted as a private, soon after 
 was elected 2d. Lieut., then 1st Lieut., and subsequentlj' was assigned to the rank 
 of Capt. of Co. M., in which capacity he served for the last two years of the war. 
 June 30, 1866, he was married to ]Miss Olive R. Eddy. Two children were born to 
 them, and 1 of whom, Mabel, is living. Mrs. P. was born April 9, 1846, a dauehter 
 of Henry T. and Olive R. Eddy, natiVes of New Jersey. She died May 13,'l873. 
 Mr. Parsons is connected with the Masonic order, and in politics is a Republi- 
 can. 
 
 Levi H. Reynolds, Vice-Pres. of Pioneer Society for Saline tp., was born in 
 Schenectady county, N. 1 ., June 3, 1808, and is a son of Asa D. and Betsey (Ortlyp) 
 Reynolds, natives of New York. In 1816 Mr. Reynolds removed with his par- 
 ents to Livingston county, where he was reared and educated. In July, 1843, he 
 came to this county, and located in Saline, and worked in the Saline flour-mills 
 for three years. He had learned the trade and worked at it for six years, in 
 Avon, N. Y. In 1846 he started the Schuyler Mills, and operated them for three 
 years; at the explication of this time, he entered into partnership with Mr. Van 
 Housen, and they purchased the York Mills, and operated them for one year. 
 Mr. R. then retired ft-om the firm, and located in Manchester, remaining but a 
 short time. He came back to Saline, worked in the York Mills two years, then 
 removed on a farm, and devoted his time alternately to milling and farming till 
 lately, when he moved to Saline, where he resides at present. He was married 
 Sept. 1, 1835, to Irene C. Kennison, born in Orange county, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1816. 
 Of the 4 children born to them, 3 are living -Eugene A., "who married Lizzie H. 
 Taylor; Helen A., wife of William D. Simmons ; William "\V., married to Eliza 
 Phillips. Sarah L., the eldest, is deceased. 3Ir. Reynolds is a member of the M. 
 
 E. Church, and is a Democrat. Both of his grandfathers served in the Rev- 
 olutionary war, and Mrs. Reynolds' Grandfather Ortlyp was a Hessian, but dis- 
 liking the cause for which he was fighting, he deserted the British and joined the 
 Continental army, remaining with them three years, and doing splendid service. 
 
SALINE TOWNSHir. ^ • 1407 
 
 Orange Risdon was born at Rupert, Bennington Co., Vt., Dec. 28, 1786. When 
 he was three years old his father removed to Saratoga Co., N. Y., where he attended 
 a common school until his thirteenth year. From that time until the day of his 
 death he was dependent upon his own efforts. He studied surveying under a Mr. 
 Eice, of Ballston Springs. N. T., and in 1807 made an engagement with Elisha 
 Johnson, a noted surveyor of Lester, N. Y., to assist him in surveying 100,000 acres 
 of land in the new counties of Allegany and Genesee. His dutv was to carry the 
 chain, for which he was to receive $16 per month, but scarcely'a week had passed 
 when his slull in surveying was discovered, and with the consent of ihe land agent, 
 the work was divided, and his wages increased to about five times the amount of 
 the first stipulation. In 1809 he assisted in laying out the infant cities of Lockport, 
 Brockport and Buffalo. During the war of 18ia he served two years as assistant 
 surveyor. At one time he owned nearly 1,000 acres of land on the G-enesee liver. 
 In 1817 a great commercial crisis occurred; he suffered with others; this led to 
 the determination to remove to the new Territory of Micliigan. In 1823 a month 
 was passed in exploring, on foot, this and other counties. The next year, in com- 
 pany with Judge Dexter, he rode nearly 2,000 miles on horseback, carefully in- 
 specting the eastern portion of Michigan. Aug. 13, 1824, he bought 160 acres of 
 land on sec. 1, of Saline tp., Washtenaw county. The road from Detroit to Pontiac 
 was surveyed under his direction the same year. In 182.5 the great military road 
 from Detroit to Chicago was commenced by the U. S. Government, e^nd Mr. Risdon 
 was chief surveyor. From this time until 18.56 he was mainly employed in the U. 
 S. service. At least 75 townships were surveyed by him and about 45 others exam- 
 ined or re-surveyed. In 1869 he made a journey to California, on a visit to his 
 son. For 12 years he was a Magistrate ; for 10 years Postmaster at Saline, but 
 resigned this office in 1840. He officiated at the first wedding in Saline tp. 
 Mrs. Risdon accompanying him on horseback several miles through the timber. 
 
 For many years he was an honored member of the Masonic fraternity. He re- 
 ceived the Master's degree in 1810, which was his 24th year ; the Royal Arch in 
 1813; the order of High Priesthood in 1815; the Knight's Templar degree the 
 same year, in the city of New York. At the time of his death, Mr. Risdon had held 
 the latter degree longer than any man in the United States. He stated to a relative 
 that at one time the noted Gov. DeWitt Clinton and himself were the most advanced 
 members of the Masonic order in the state of New York. He officiated as Deputy 
 Grand Master at the laying of the corner-stone of the Michigan capitol, in Detroit, 
 in 1823, and was also present at the laying of the corner-stone of the new State capi- 
 tol at Lansing, in 1873. 
 
 Mr. Risdon was truly a pioneer, and the families coming at a later date were sure 
 of his sympathy. His advice was often sought in the selection of lands ; very many 
 miles were traveled by him to point out desirable locations, and yet ever unwilling 
 to receive a reward. He was genial in his disposition, unselfish, benevolent, and 
 liberal almost to a fault. He was married at Stillwater, N. Y., in 1816, to Sally 
 Newland. Her death occurred in 1866. A few days would have completed the 
 half-century of union. Mr. Risdon's last illness was short ; from the effects of a 
 severe cold he could not rally and gradually sank. He passed away, Monday, Nov. 
 27, 1876,'j.without a groan or struggle. His funeral was held the following Thurs- 
 day, and' the Masonic demonstration was of a high order, and very impressive. 
 Great numbers of people from neighboring towns and cities were in attendance. 
 
 Ezra G. Robinson, farmer, sec. 4, Saline tp., was born in Genesee county, N. Y., 
 Aug. 2, 1826. His parents, Loammi and Isabel Robinson, were early pioneers of 
 this county, having emigrated here in 1832. Ezra C. passed his early life in 
 this region, and April 8, 1842, was married to Mary E. Bliss, and the result of this 
 alliance has been the birth of two children — Ida JL, wife of Jasper Perry, and 
 Edward L., who married Lottie Bugg. Mr. R. is a member of the Christian 
 Church, and his wife is connected with the Baptist denomination. In politics Mr. 
 Robinson is a Republican. He owns a fine farm of 140 acres, valued at $75 per 
 acre. 
 
 Loammi Robinson (deceased). Of the few who deserve special mention in this 
 work, for the many labors and hardships that were incident to the founding of 
 Washtenaw county, perhaps none stand higher than Deacon Loammi Robinson. 
 He was born in Maine, May 31, 1879, and one year later his parents moved to Ver- 
 mont, where Mr. Robinson spent his early life. When a young man he went to 
 Central New Yoi-k, and subsequently to Castile, in the western part of the " Em- 
 pire State." He remained in this latter place six j'cars, and then came westward 
 
1408 . HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 to Michigan, locating permanently in Saline tp., Washtenaw Co. He imme- 
 diately built a log cabin, and in the spring of 1831 brought his family to their 
 " Western home." In a short time other families settled in the immediate neigh- 
 borhood, and the settlement was called " Union District." Here, also, was organ- 
 ized a Christian Church society, and Mr. Robinson was chosen Deacon. In 
 addition to his strict religious principles, Mr. Robinson possessed such strong 
 temperance qualities as to be pronounced b}" the majority as " rabid " and " fanat- 
 ical." In those days it wa^ customary to have a jug of the "ardent" always in the 
 house, and the weary traveler, or the neighbor who might drop in, was always 
 welcome to partake of the contents. But in Deacon Robinson's home it was en 
 tirely different. iSTo ''little brown jug" ever greeted the eye of the tired waiderer 
 but a large cup of "Adam's ale" was the cooling beverage that quenched his 
 burning thirst. Two of his sons have followed the illustrious example of their 
 father, and look back with pride to the temperance principles displayed by their 
 sainted parent. In 1869 Mr. Robinson removed to Ann Arbor, where he passed 
 his last days. After a long and painful illness, on Nov. 15, 18T1, he heard the 
 sweet words of his God, saying, " 'Tis enough, come up higher," and, like a bird 
 before the relentless storm, his spirit cast off this clayey tenement, and soared to 
 the realms of bliss above. His last words were, " I am coming, blessed Savior," 
 — a sentiment that has filled the soul of many an earth-born wanderer, when the 
 last duty on earth has been performed, and the gate of Heaven is just in view. 
 On Nov. 33, 1833, Mr. Robinson married Isabel Edmunds, and the following chil- 
 dren were born to them — Ezra C, Elvira, wife of John F. Nichols, Ann Arbor ; E. 
 Spencer, Shiawassee county, Mich.; Mercy, wife of Charles Isbell; Paulina, wife 
 of Rev. John D. McCord, Buchanan, Mich. ; Flora, wife of Henry A. Nichols, 
 Bloomington, 111.; William E., Professor of Bishop School. Detroit; Oscar L ,and 
 Ada I., wife of Oscar E. Nichols, Ogden, N. Y. ; Joseph E., the eldest, died May 
 14, 1844, aged nearly 30 years; Louis E. died Oct. 18, 1853, aged 24 jfpars, 11 
 months and 11 days, and Alden Ray, who died Oct. 18, 1864, in his 33d year. 
 Mrs. Robinson still survives at a very advanced age, and a few years ago removed 
 to Saline, where she intends to live until death shall release her from all tlie trials 
 and sorrows of this earthlv throne. " Peace and happiness be unto the aged." 
 
 Mr. Robinson's portrait is given in this book, on page 491. 
 
 Milo 31. Rouse, farmer. Saline tp., was born in this county June 3, i 835, and is 
 a son of Henry and Beda Rouse, who were early pioneers of Washtenaw, having 
 settled on its fertile soil in 1880. Milo M. was reared on a farm, and April 9, 
 1857, married Julia, daughter of Albert K. and Martha Clark. To this union 3 
 children were born, 3 of whom are living — Ai-thur K. and Grosvenor M. Martha 
 A. (dec.) died March 30, 1876, aged four years and one month. Mrs. Rouse was born 
 in Saline tp., April 6, 1831. Politicallj^ Mr. R. votes with the Republican party. 
 He owns a good farm of 98 acres lymg in sees. 14 and 30, valued at $60 per acre. 
 
 Harleu M. Russell, farmer, was born in Seneca Co., N. Y., May 21, 1819, and is 
 a son of James and Electa Russell, natives of New Jersey. They emigrated to 
 this county in June, 1837, and settled in Saline tp. The former was living at 
 Bloomfleld, N. Y., during the war of 1812, and when Buffalo was burned by the 
 British, he was called out with the militia, but before arriving where their aid 
 was needed, they were disbanded and discharged. He was born Dec. 10, 1788, and 
 died in October, 1850. Mrs. Russell was born May 13, 1793, and died Feb. 23, 
 1867, at the age of 75. Harley M. was raised a farmer's boy, and received the 
 educational advantages afforded by the schools of that day. He was married 
 April 13, 1849, to Sarah E. Morris, and of the 3 children born to them, 1, James 
 M, is now living. Mrs. Russell died March 12, 1855, and Nov. 6, 1859, Mr. R. 
 married Mary M. Sanford, and the result of this latter marriage was 2 children- 
 Edward E. and Fred L. Mrs. R. died Jan. 4, 1867. On Sept. 38, 1873, Mr. Rus- 
 sell married the third time, Mary M. Dunning being the name of the lady. He 
 has cleared off the 160 acres which he now possesses, nearly all by his own 
 individual efforts. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics, a 
 Democrat. Has served as Township Clerk and Highway Commissioner. His. 
 grandfather, Thaddeus Russell, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and after- 
 ward drew a pension. 
 
 William Sanford, farmer, was born in Genesee Co., N. Y., March 30, 1833. 
 His parents were Ezra and Almira Sanford, the former born in Bennington Co., 
 Vt.. Aug. 19, 1793, and the latter born in the same place, Aug. 21, 1804. They 
 were married in 1819, and were blessed with 9 children, 5 of whom are living — 
 
SALINE TOWNSniP. 1409 
 
 Ezra, William, Ann 31., widow of A. G. Orane (deceased). Col. G. P. Sauford, 
 editor of the Lansing Journal, and a prominent Democratic politician, and Chas! 
 A., Professor in the Lansing high school. Mr. Sant'ord, sr., with his two sons 
 Ezra and William, emigrated from jN'ow York to Michigan in 1836, in search of 
 a location. They " prospected " in different coanties in this State, and finally 
 stopped in Calhoun Co., but did not remain there long, and from thence to Noble 
 Co., Ind., where ^Ir. Sanford entered about 20 lots near Rome city, and then re- 
 turned to New York, leaving his sons at the latter place. The next spring he 
 came to this county, buying 200 acres on sec. 21, and made a trip into Indiana, 
 gathered up his " traps," and with hii sons came back to this county. TLiey put 
 in their crops, and Mr. Sanford made a second trip back to the " Empire State," 
 —this time after his family. "With them he returned to Washtenaw, arriving on 
 July 4, and remained here until his wife's death, which occurred July 7, 1845. 
 Mr. S. then moved to Noble Co., Ind., and lived there two years, and married. 
 From there he went to Tecnmseh, and lived there till his death, which occurred 
 Aug. 1, 1853, at the age of 63. He was a Justice of the Peace in New York for eight 
 years, and filled the same ofiice in this county four years. William M. was married 
 Nov. 9, 1845, to Mary E. Parsons, born in Saline tp., Sept. 14, 1828, and daughter 
 of Chester and Deborah B. Parsons. Of their 7 children, 5 are living— Marion 
 A., wife of Henry Brown ; Elva P., wife of William Wright; Almon C. ; William 
 A., married to Victoria Waller, of Lansing, and Geo. P. Mr. S. owns a fine farm 
 of 310 acres on sees. 18 and 21, and in politics is a Democrat. He had one brother, 
 Orlo, who served in the Luion army during the late war. He enlisted in the 1st 
 Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf , and at the second battle of Bull Run was wounded. He 
 lay on the field of battle four days, was then taken to the hospital at Washington, 
 where he died, 34 days after the'battle, from the efiiect of the wound. 
 
 Oeorge E. Schairer, of the firm of Schairer Bros , manufacturers of carriages 
 and harness, Saline, was born in Washtenaw county, Aug. 2, 1845, and is a son of 
 John G. and Christiana Schairer, natives of Germany, who emigrated to America 
 about 1840. George E. was reared in Ann Arbor, and educated in its public 
 schools. He followed farming for five years, and then learned his trade with 
 LawiOn & Wooster, of Ann Arbor, staying with them nearly three years. At the 
 end of this time he went to Cleveland, Ohio, from there to Chicago, then to St. 
 Charles, 111., and locating in Leavenworth, Kan,, where he worked at his trade for 
 three years. He then came back to Chicago, and from there came to Saline, and 
 entered into partnership with his brother in the business they are now engaged in, 
 Feb. 5, 1872. He married Sophia Sorg, and 4 children have been born to them, of 
 whom 3 are living — Bertha J., Edward O., and Otto S. Milton S. (deceased) died 
 Aug. 29, 1880, aged 3 years. 
 
 Henry Schlegel, farmer, was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, Sept. 8, 1823. 
 His parents were Melcher and 3Iargaret (Fisher) Schlegel. Henry was reared 
 on a farm, and educated in the common schools of his native land. He came to 
 America in 1856, landing at New York city Nov. 25. Prom there he went to 
 Adrian, Mich., living there six months, and then came to Saline tp., where he 
 has since resided, engaged in farming. He was married Aug. 11, 1863, to Eliz- 
 abeth Schmidt, born in Hesse Darmstadt, Oct. 4, 1821, and daughter of William 
 and Elizabeth Schmidt. Both are united with the Freedom Lutheran society. 
 His farm consists of 60 acres, situated on sec. 7. He is a Democrat. 
 
 lanaa Shaw, son of Robert and Elizabeth Shaw, was born in Washtenaw Co. 
 Aug. 7, 1838. His parents were natives of England, and his father a farmer, 
 rearing Isaac in this good and healthful way, and sending him to school when 
 there was not much work to do at home. Pie was married Dec. 1, 1869, to Eliza- 
 beth Wood, born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., July, 1847, and daughter of Marcus 
 and Caroline Wood, the former a native of New York, and the latter being born 
 on Long Island. The result of this marriage was the birth of 3 children, 2 of 
 whom are now living — Ida A. and Clifford R. Mabel E. is deceased. Mr. Shaw 
 is a " tiller of the soil," and is the owner of 100 acres of good land on sec. 30, 
 valued at $60 per acre. Politically he is a faithful adherent of the principles 
 expounded by the Republican party. 
 
 Robert Shaw, one of Washtenaw county's worthy pioneers, was born in Eng- 
 land, Sept. 25, 1808, where he was reared' and educated. In 1830 he sailed with 
 his parents, Joseph and Mary Shaw, for America, landing at the port of New 
 York. They remained there till Sejjtember of that year, then emigrated AYest, 
 and settled on sec. 19, York tp., in this county, where Mr. Shaw entered 80 acres 
 
14:10 HIbTOBT OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 of land. On March 8, 1837, he married Eliza Clark, horn in Greene Co., N. Y., 
 Sept. 10, 1810, and daughter of William and Thankful (Rogers) Clark, the former 
 a native of Middlesex Co., Mass., and the latter of Hartford, Conn. There 
 ■were 7 children horn to this union — Isaac C, who married Elizabeth Wood; 
 Martha P., Tvidow of William H. Wood (deceased) ; Everett, married to Susan E. 
 Moorehouse; Thankful E., wife of Eobert Xeedham ; Sarah -\,; Geo. W., who 
 married Sarah M. Martin ; and Willie A. Mrs. Shaw's ancestry can be traced 
 back to 1610, when Hugh Clark came from England to America, and settled in 
 Massachusetts. Her father was boi-n in 17.53, and served two years in the Revo- 
 lutionary war, under Capt. Adam Wheeler. Robert Shaw, in 1866, pm'chased 330 
 acres of land Ijdng in Saline and York tps., but lately has divided it among his 
 children, reserving only 48 acres for his own use. J\Ir. and IMrs. Shaw are mem- 
 bers of the Presbyteiian Church of Saline. In politics he is a staunch Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 Thomas Sliekell, farmer, was born in Ontario Co., K. Y., Nov. 11, 1823. His 
 parents were Jacob M. and jNIaiy Shekell, the former a native of Maryland, and 
 the latter of New Jersey. Mr. S. passed his early life on a farm, received his ed- 
 ucation in common schools of his native State. In 1848 he emigrated to this 
 county and purchased 80 acres of land on sec. 16, Saline tp., where he has since 
 resided. His grandfather was a slave-holder and lived in jMaryland till 1803, 
 when he removed to Ontario Co., N. Y., when he afterward liberated his slaves, 
 and died in 1828, having reached fourscore years. Jacob j\I., the father of 
 Thomas, served a short time in the war of 1812, and died January, 1860, aged 74 
 years. The subject of this sketch, in connection with his brother John, own and 
 farm 136 acres of land lying in sections 15 and 16, in Lodi tp., and valued at $60 
 per acre. Mr. S. is a Republican. 
 
 Prof. James H. SkejMrd, Principal Saline Public Schools, was born in Ionia 
 county, Mich., April 14, 1850, and is the son of Daniel E. Shepard (deceased), a 
 native of Vermont, and who died in 1856. The Professor was raised on a farm till 
 he was nine years old, then removed with hismother to Concord, Jackson county. 
 He remained here till 1867, then started to school at Albion College, and in 1873 
 entered Michigan University, graduating with high honors June 23, 1875. After 
 finishing his studies he went to Holly, Oakland county, where he had charge of 
 the schools for one year, then to Marquette, and was Principal of the schools there 
 for two years. At the end of this time he contemplated a tour to Europe, but 
 receiving an offer of the charge of the schools at Saline, he accepted, and has been 
 holding that position since. He is a good teacher, and ihe schools of Saline are 
 in a fine and flourishing condition. 
 
 Pev. D. R. Shier was born in Paterson, N. J., March 4, 1841. and is a son of 
 Charles and Betsey (Ridgway) Shier, the former a native of New York city, 
 and the latter of Lancastershire, England. Mr. S. removed with his parents to 
 this county in 1847, where he was reared to manhood. He was educated at the 
 Ypsilanti Union School, and graduated in June, 1858. He then entered the law 
 department of Michigan University, graduating in March, 1862. From Ann 
 Arbor he went to New York city, where he was engaged in business for some 
 time. He subsequently removed to Decatur, N. Y., where he practiced law for a 
 short time. Prom Decatur he emigrated West, and seeing a good opening at 
 Port Huron he located there for two years. His next move was to Lampton 
 county, Canada West, when he was engaged in the oil buaine.ss till 1868. In 1869 
 he was converted, and soon after was called to the gospel ministry. In 1869-'70 
 he lectured on temperance. In 1871 he commenced to preach, and was ordained 
 as Deacon September, 1873, and as Elder Sept. 8, 1875. Since his ordination as a 
 minister of the gospel he has preached in Monroe, Livingston and Washtenaw 
 counties, and since 1879 has been located at Saline. The ardent labors of Mr. 
 Shier have been gloriously blessed. In the temperance cause he has taken a very 
 prominent part. In 1880 by his lectures he obtained .§1,000 to aid the constitu- 
 tional amendment fund. Jan. 28, 1874, he was joined in the bonds of holy malri- 
 mouy to Ida Keedy, born in St. Mary's, Ohio, March 22, 1852, and daughter of 
 John H. and Margaret (Hamilton) Keedy. This alliance has been blessed with 
 the birth of 3 children, 2 of whom are living— Florence E., born Dec. 21, 1876, and 
 Margaret C, born Dec. 9, 1879. Charles H. (deceased) was born Nov. 25, 1874, 
 and died Sept. 3, 1877. Mr. Shier is a member of the Knights of Honor. 
 
 John A. Smith, farmer, sec. 2, Saline tp. ; was born in Jlonroe Co., N. Y., April 
 6, 1832. His parents were Ozias A. and Hannah (Lamb) Smith, the former a 
 native of ]Monroe county, and the latter of Cayuga county nativily.. Mr. Smith, 
 1he father of John -\., CLr.-.;o ;t '^;- r',-;-'- ;-. 1^?~. ".::(! entered 80 rcres of land 
 
SALINE TOWNSHIP. 1411 
 
 on sec. 3, Saline tp. Here he remained until his death, which occurred March 
 11, 1869, at the ripe age of 64. Mrs. S. followed him on May 8, 1879, being then 
 77 years old. In the wilds and wilderness of early Washtenaw the subject of 
 this sketch was reared to manhood. His educational advantages were limited to 
 the district schools of the neighborhood. April 13, I860, he married Mary Wei- 
 nett, born in this county March 25, 1840, and daughter of Benedict and' Mary 
 Weinett, natives of Europe. They have 3 children— Walter A., Grace and Ger- 
 trude A. Mr. S. is connnected with the Masonic fraternity, and a Republican. 
 He is the happy possessor of 156 acres of choice improved land, valued at |100 
 per acre. 
 
 John H. Smith, son of Jno. and Betsey Smith, was born March 27, 1833, in this 
 county. His father was born in JTew Jersejs March 12, 1795, and died March 31, 
 1864, aged 69 years, and his mother was born in Connecticut May 16, 1796, depart- 
 ing this life Oct. 10, 1865, aged 69. They were married Sept. 25, 1823, and came 
 to this county in 1833. They had 7 children, of whom 2 are living— Jolm H. , and 
 and Laura S., widow of William Egbert (deceased), who was killed a by running 
 team at Tecumseh Sept. 10, 1872. John H. was married June 30, 1875, to Louisa 
 M. Treat, and 1 child has been born to them— Walter D., born Feb. 27, 1878. Mrs. 
 S. is a daughter of David B. and Sarah J. Treat, natives of Trenton, N. J. Mrs. 
 S. was born in Adrian, Mich., Feb. 19, 1843. Mr. Smith owns a farm of 160 acres, 
 and in politics is a Republican. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and 
 participated in several important engagements. 
 
 L. M. Thorn was born in AVashtenaw county, July 9, 1847, and is a son of Gard- 
 ner and Emily Thorn, natives of Seneca county, IST. Y., who came to this county in 
 1845. IMr. Thorn was reared on a farm and received his education in the district 
 schools and the State Normal school at Ypsilanti. Nov. 10, 1869, he was joined 
 in marriage with Sylvia L., daughter of Gilbert M. and Minerva Brown natives 
 of New York. Mrs. Thorn was born in Saline tp , Aug. 4, 1848. Mr. Thorn is a 
 member of the Masonic and I. O. O. F. fraternities. In politics he favors Demo- 
 cracy. 
 
 Ji/i/rora TT^Jft, Saline, was born in Genesee county, N. Y., June 30, 1824. His 
 parents, Paskel D. and Lovina Webb, were natives of Connecticut. In Maj^, 
 1836, Mr. W. came with his parents to this county, and located on sec. 17, near the 
 farm of George Cobb, wliere his father died Feb. 5, 1850, at the advanced age of 
 80. Mrs. W. had preceeded him, she dying Sept. 21, 1847, in her 60th year. Myron 
 passed his early life on a farm in Yoi-k tp., and was married Feb. 21, 184-t, to 
 Catherine Kanouse, daughter of Peter F. and Sellie Kanouse, natives of Essex 
 county, N. J. To this union 2 children were born — Emilj' E. and IdaE. In 184-, 
 Mr. Webb removed to Saline, where he still resides. In politics he is a Demo- 
 crat and in 1867-'9, represented his tp. in the Board of Supervisors. In 1870 he 
 was elected Sheriff of Washtenaw county, and served in that position two years, 
 then was re-elected as Supervisor, which he held four j-ears. He was also a 
 member of the Union School Board for six pears. Mr. W. and wife are members 
 of the 51. E. Church. His grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. 
 
 /. M. Young, farmer, was born in Washtenaw county on the Christmas of 1832. 
 His parents were James H. and Rebecca Young, the former born in Boston, Mass., 
 Feb. 9, 1798, and the latter in Maiden, Mass., in 1796. Mr. Y'oung, Sr., came to 
 this county in 18.30, and entered 120 acres of land on sees. 8 and 17. He then sent 
 for his family, and meeting them at Buffalo, N. Y., accompanied them here He 
 lived on the land he had entered until his death, which occurred April 13, 1875, 
 at the age of 78. His wife departed this life in October, 1865, at the age of 69. 
 Mr. Y"., the subject of this sketch, passed his early life among the wilds of Wash- 
 tenaw county, and received the educational training the district schools of that 
 day afforded, and then attended the Normal School at Ypsilanti, where he finished 
 his education. March 30, 1861, he married Sarah J, Parsons, born in this county 
 Nov. 20, 1833. They had 6 children by this marriage— Edward C, Alfred M., 
 Lizzie D., Sarah A., James A. and Irene. Mrs. Young died Jan. 23, 1873. On 
 Dec. 29, 1875, Mr. Y. married Clarissa Mitchell, by whom he had 2 children born 
 to him — Cora and Alden. Mr. Young has always" been a resident of this county, 
 except six years, from 1862 to 1868, which he spent in Effingham Co., 111. He has 
 been Township Clerk three terms. Justice of the Peace one term, and was a 
 member of the Board of Supervisors. He has taken three degrees in the Masonic 
 order. His farm, situated on sees. 16, 17 and 18, contains 330 acres, and is well im- 
 proved. Mr. Young, Sr., was a member of the Governor's guard, of Boston, dur- 
 ing the war of 1812, and when the Black Hawk war broke out he started for the 
 front to fi^lit, but ha'l to survp-ader before he .irrived at the bat1lc-2rouud. 
 
YORK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township is singularly favored in the fertilit)' of its soil 
 and the variety of its water courses. In the dim past, when the 
 aboriginal inhabitants stood on the heights of this township and 
 surveyed the stormy TGhigiJcltchigami, it could not possibly occur 
 to them that in future ages another people would take their stand 
 there and look eastward over fields of golden grain, over a land 
 dotted with happy homes. It came to pass, however, and now, 
 what was once a portion of the great Erie lake, forms one of the 
 most beautiful districts of the beautiful peninsula. The soil is 
 gravelly and sandy, with sandy loam and clay subsoil in many sec- 
 tions. The forest or timber tracts, though not large, are of great 
 value. The Saline river, its tributaries. Sugar creek, and various 
 other rivulets and creeks add much to its natural advantages, all 
 conspiring to render it a fit home for a good people. The T., A. 
 A. & G. T. K. R. passes through the township. It was completed 
 in May, 1878. The Detroit & Butler railroad, built in 1880, passes 
 through the southeast corner of the town. 
 
 AGEICULTUEAL EESOURCES. 
 
 York contains 14,286 acres of improved lands, T364 acres of un- 
 improved lands, and an aggregate acreage of 21,650. The num- 
 ber of farms in the district is 192, which if equalized, would give 
 an average of 112.76 acres to each farm. 
 
 In 18T9, 3,129 acre^iwere sown to wheat, which produced 63,629 
 bushels, or an average of 20.34 per acre. The acreage ot this 
 cereal in May 1880, was 3,834. 
 
 ^The corn crop of 1879 yielded 135,270 bushels, from fields com- 
 prising 2,018 acres; 1,209 acres of oats yielded 47,115 bushels; 
 474 acres of clover gave 791 bushels of seed; 49 acres of barley 
 produced 1,150 bushels; 104 acres planted under potatoes, yielded 
 6,557 bushels; 2,465 acres of meadow lands produced 2,878 tons 
 of hay. 
 
 OEG-ANIC. 
 
 Under Territorial government, the town was known as Ypsilanti 
 and Saline, two tiers of sections belonging to Tpsilanti and four 
 to Saline. At the suggestion of Hon. Wm. Moore, a member of 
 the Territorial Legislature, it was called York, since most of the 
 inhabitants came from the State of New York, and under this 
 name an act organizing the township of York, in the county of 
 
 a413) 
 
YOEK TOWNSHIP. 1413 
 
 "Washtenaw, was passed by the Legislative Council, and approved 
 March 1, 183-1, "That all that part comprised in surveyed township 
 four south, in range six east, be a township by the name of York; 
 and that the first township meeting be held at the now dwelling- 
 house of Noah Wolcott, in said township." The meeting was duly 
 held at the house of Noah Wolcott in Mooreville, presided over 
 by Boaz Lampson. Hon. Wm. Moore was elected Supervisor and 
 Justice of the Peace, and Othniel Gooding, Clerk. The first ballot 
 was cast by Mr. Marvin, father of Wm. Marvin and Hon. Jarvis 
 Marvin. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 As early as 182-t the American pioneer came to York, and 
 selected his lands in the midst of the wilderness. Immediately 
 succeeding that period others followed over the blazed trail, and 
 within a few years every quarter of the district held an occupying 
 proprietor. 
 
 In reviewing the history of this period the labor of compilation 
 has been rendered light indeed. Josiah Utter Fuller, in his his- 
 torical reminiscences of York township, has treated fully and im- 
 partially almost every fact in connection with its early settlement 
 and growth. 
 
 THE MATCHI AGON. 
 
 Among the first settlers in the town was Alanson Snow, known 
 as the "Indian hater. " He was so called, Matchi Agon, on account 
 of his inveterate hatred to the Indians. When a lad, the members 
 of his father's family were massacred by the Indians in Ohio right 
 before his eyes. From that hour he vowed eternal vengeance upon 
 the redskins, a vow that he kept with unrelenting hatred. He 
 ranged the woods for days at a time, seeking opportunities to 
 avenge their death. It is said that the Indians believed him com- 
 missioned by the " Great Spirit " to destroy them, and they fled 
 from his presence as from the devil. He was strictly a " man of 
 the forest " and his chief delight was in hunting. He] roamed 
 from morning till night with his trusty rifle in the woods, and as 
 civilization advanced and the sturdy woodman's ax was heard fell- 
 ing the forest trees preparatory to clearing the land and making it 
 more habitable, he (Snow) moved farther into the forest, there to 
 satisfy his love for hunting, and his desire to keep the terrible but 
 just vow made in early childhood. 
 
 ELDER GOODMAN, 
 
 a Baptist clergyman who came from England, did much toward the 
 moral and intellectual development of the early settlers in this 
 township. Once a week he held meetings in the first school-house 
 
1414 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 built in the town. He either read to thena from the history of 
 England or talked to them on religious subjects. His kindness and 
 self-denying devotion to the cause of truth earned for him many 
 friends, and the young, especially, formed a strong attachment to 
 him, and learned from him many useful lessons not soon to be for- 
 gotten. 
 
 Mr. Aaron R. Wheeler now owns, and since 1833 has occupied, 
 the old homestead of Snow. Among others may be mentioned the 
 names of Captain Thayer, Hall brothers, and Mrs. Smith, who came 
 from Ohio in company with Alanson Snow, and settled here in an 
 early day. Capt. John Thayer was Captain of one of the vessels on 
 the lakes during the war of 1812. The privations of early pioneers 
 can hardly be realized in these days of plenty. Capt. Thayer en- 
 dured hardships peculiar to pioneer life. Among some of his 
 trials may be mentioned that of his trying to quiet his children by 
 singing to them, when they were crying from hunger. The heroic 
 fortitude of his daughter Abigail, a girl of sixteen, entitles her to be 
 ranked among the Spaldings, Langstones, Harts and Dariuses of 
 Revolutionary fame. Her father had a "sugar bush" some two 
 miles from his house, situated in a dense forest populated by 
 bears, wolves panthers and other wild animals, and Abigail attended 
 the •' bush" herself. She stayed there night and day alone. Her 
 lodge was in a hollow tree, which her father fitted up for her con- 
 venience. The names of Oscar McClouth, Samuel Bishop, the 
 Shaws, Wm. Richards, John Parsons, Lander LeBaron, Ephraim 
 Judd, Josiah Hathaway, Dea. Jjorin Moore, may also be mentioned 
 among the early settlers. Josiah Hathaway and Thomas Shaw are 
 still living and in this town. Among other early settlers we must 
 not forget to mention Mr. French, a soldier of the war of 1812. 
 He lost a leg in that war, and had a wooden one. He was very 
 generous, and was of great help to the early settlers, using his pen- 
 sion very often in alleviating their wants. "We may add right here 
 that it must not be forgotten that at this early day tliere was an 
 abundance of wild game and that the maples afforded an abundance 
 of molasses and sugar. Had it not been for this, the pioneers 
 would have suffered more than they did for the necessaries of life. 
 That the aborigines were artists, though of a rude order, was seen 
 from the traces they left on the trees. Images of bears, deer and 
 turkey, were found cut in the bark of beech trees, and very correct 
 representations they were. In one iustance there was found en- 
 graven on a tree, on a farm adjoining thatof the writer, a white man 
 running followed closely by an Indian with a drawn tomahawk. 
 This was said to be a warning to the first surveyors, if any one at- 
 tempted to colonize here. 
 
 There were other pioneers of York, who deserve attention. 
 Jacob Cook, who lived farther north, was one of the early pioneers. 
 He came in 1830. His nearest neighbor was four miles distant. 
 Caleb Moore, Lorain Moore,^aniel Carpen ier, Sheffield Newton, 
 Isaac Clark, and Jesse "Warner were among the first settlers. 
 
TOEK. TOWNSHIP. 1415 
 
 Humphrey Davenport settled on the very southwest corner ol 
 York in 1838. In other parts of the township were Matthew 
 Salisbury, Aaron Wheeler, Arthur Coe, the Kelseys and LeBarons; 
 and among the very earliest settlers were the Shaws, James Miller, 
 Conrad Redner, and Casey Starks, wlio came from 1824 to 30. 
 
 TOEK IN 1833. 
 
 David Berdan's reminiscences of this portion of Washtenaw 
 form an unvarnished story. He looks back to the township through 
 spectacles 48 years older than they were when he beheld the village 
 of Mooreville first; he names a few of his earliest friends, and 
 speaks of those who tendered him hospitality on his arrival, in a 
 plain, manly strain: 
 
 " I came to this country in 1833. As my finances were rather 
 limited, I could not settle in Plymouth with my friends; therefore, 
 I had to go back, as it was called, and seek a home at first cost. 1 
 came from Plymouth to this place by way of Tpsilanti, which was 
 a very inferior little hamlet, and Saline was next to no place. Mr. 
 Risdon kept a tavern where Mr. Davenport now lives, and his sign 
 stood out in the commons. Mr. McKinnon's store and a few others 
 comprised Saline, i^s 'Squire Moore came from the same part of 
 the country I did, I wended my way to Mooreville. The way 
 I went I found Mooreville before I found its father, which was 
 'Squire Moore. Mooreville, all told, was one log house, which 
 stood about where the Methodist church now stands. Well, I 
 found the 'Squire, and inquired of him if he knew of any Govern- 
 ment land. He . said there had been a nice ridge discovered the 
 winter before, and it was being taken up very rapidly. He showed 
 me my place, and I bought it, and have been there most of the 
 time since, four miles from Mooreville. Besides 'Squire Moore, 
 who lived near Mooreville, were Isaac and David Hathaway, Dr. 
 Bowers and Mr. Wolcott, who were there before I came. 
 
 " I must relate a little incident that occurred the first winter I 
 lived up in the woods. 'Squire Moore and Mr. Hathaway came to 
 visit me and see how I got along; The 'Squire remarked to me 
 that I should have a pig, as every family should, to eat the crumbs 
 from the table. Well, I bargained with him for one, but the ques- 
 tion was, how to get it home. Not a very long time after that, I 
 had a friend come to see me from Clinton, with a j'oke of oxen; and 
 how do you think I fed the oxen ? We unhitched them from the 
 wagon and turned them up to a brush heap ! I guess they were sat- 
 isfied, for they didn't find any fault. The next morning was Sun- 
 day. My visitor and I took the oxen from the brush heap, and 
 started for 'Squire Moore's (four miles) for some hay for the oxen. 
 We arrived there after awhile and got our hay, and were about 
 ready to start back when I happened to think of the pig I had bar- 
 o-ained for. The 'Squire being a good old Baptist, I felt a little 
 delicate about asking him for it on Sunday. But the opportunity 
 
1416 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 wss SO good (I didn't know as I'd ever have another chance to get 
 the pig), that I mustered up courage to speak to him in regard to it. 
 The 'Squire hesitated a little, but finally said he, ' I guess there will 
 be no harm in it; you may catch it, but don't let it squeal. ' I 
 took the pig, the first live animal I ever owned in Michigan. 
 
 "Before I had a house on my place, I put up with 'Squire Moore 
 considerably; and I must say that he and his wife were as kind as 
 any people I ever met. He was quite a useful man in matters of 
 State; was Justice of the Peace, went to the State Legislature, etc. 
 He was also instrumental in founding the Baptist church at Moore- 
 ville As I was the first settler up there, the new comers naturally 
 came to me to get acquainted and know the lay of the land, etc.; 
 and soon there were quite a number of settlers in there, and as 
 friendly as can be imagined. 
 
 " 'Squire Moore left a family which a President might be proud 
 of — six sons and one daughter — among which wer^ one minister 
 and two lawyers. The minister. Lyman, died at Marshall. One 
 lawyer, Oliver, died in the employ of the Government at "Washing- 
 ton. The other lawyer is no less a personage than William A. 
 Moore, of Detroit. " 
 
 Mr. Berdan recites the names of a few settlers who occupied the 
 land before his coming, but, as their names are hitherto given, this 
 paragraph of his reminisences is omitted. In concluding his 
 paper he states: " This is the best account I can give of York from 
 my own knowledge and hearsay history. 
 
 " And now let us remember the poor pioneers, 
 
 Who came from all States of the East, 
 And remember them also as brave volunteers 
 
 Who dare settle among the wild beasts — 
 Where the bears and wolves unmolested did roam, 
 
 And the nimble deer skipped about ; 
 Where the red man from time immemoral did roam. 
 
 And made the woods ring with a shout, 
 Who wandered about with their quiver and bow. 
 
 And also their fish-hook and line. 
 Why they were put here we none of us know. 
 
 But it seems it was done by design ; 
 But now they are gone, also the wild beasts. 
 
 And a new generation is here 
 To enjoy the proceeds, and luxurous feasts. 
 
 Of the toils of the poor pioneer. 
 But yet, my young friends, you have something to do. 
 
 Whatever the course you may steer ; 
 As it has been with us, so it may be with you ; 
 
 Some of j'ou may become pioneers. " 
 
 INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Yorh Mills. — This mill is situated on Spring Brook near the river, 
 about one mile south of the center of the village. It was erected in 
 1836 by Moses Eider, who shortly afterwards sold it toEzekiel J. 
 Moore, who in turn disposed of it to Ealph and Edwin Mead. It then 
 successively passed into the hands of David S. Haywood, Caleb 
 
TOEK TOWNSHIP. 1417 
 
 Yan Hnsen and LeviH. Reynolds and Caleb Yan Husen. In 1851, 
 Mr. Yan Hnsen sold it to Daniel D. Wallace, who improved the 
 property by the addition of a wing on the west. In the course of 
 time Mr. Wallace deeded it back to Yan Husen, but in 1868, it 
 was again sold, "Robert Brooks being the purchaser. Mr. Brooks 
 ran it for a short time, but without success, and was compelled to 
 assign it to William H. Davenport. In 1872 Mr. Davenport dis- 
 posed of it to William H. Druse. Up to the time of Broolcs the 
 mill had always been run by water power, but on passing into his 
 hands he built an addition and put in a 42-horse power engine, thus 
 enabling the mill to run at all seasons of the year and to use either 
 water or steam. In November, 1875, Mr. Druse sold to the present 
 proprietors, J. G. Hoyt & Son. The mill has three run of stone 
 and is run to its utmost capacity, using some 18,000 bushels of 
 wheat per year, in custom work. In the spring of 1880 in addi- 
 tion to the standard grades of flour, the firm began manufacturing 
 the new-process flour. In 1878 a stave and heading factory was 
 started in connection with the mill, which has proven a successful 
 and remunerative venture. Ten men find employment in mill and 
 factory. 
 
 The first saw-mill was built at Mooreville by Isaac Hathaway in 
 1832. 
 
 The second saw-mill was built by Aaron E.. Wheeler on Honey 
 creek, running through the farm he still occupies. 
 
 In the fall of 1833, another saw-mill was built on Mill brook by 
 Baugham & Co., in 1838. 
 
 At that time these mills furnished lumber for nearly all the 
 buildings in Washtenaw county, especially the central part. 
 
 Now there are three manufactories in the township, a cheese 
 factory, a cider mill and a steam saw-mill at Mooreville, and a stave 
 factory and a sash and blind factory at Milan. 
 
 FIRST EVENTS. 
 
 The first house was built on the farm now owned by Horace Par- 
 sons, the second upon the neighboring farm of Leander LeBaron. 
 Both houses were built of log 
 
 The first^store in the town, was opened by Elijah Ellis about 1835, 
 at Milan. 
 
 As near as can be ascertained, the first marriage was that of 
 Arby Lampson to Esther Bonner in 1830, Eev. John Walworth 
 officiating. 
 
 Their first child, born in the fall of 1831, was the first child born 
 in the town. 
 
 The first death was that of Aretus Belding which occurred in 
 the fall of 1831. Rev. John Walworth preached the funeral ser- 
 mon. Mr. Belding was a partner of Jonathan Gr. Morton, who 
 kept first store at Ypsilanti. 
 
1418 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Wm. Moore and Aaron E. Wheeler were the first Justices of the 
 Peace in York. They were appointed by the Governor of the Ter- 
 ritory of Michigan. 
 
 The first law-suit was tried before A. R. Wheeler, Esq., — Sackett 
 vs. Wm. Fuller, defendant. Wm. Davis acted as attorney for de- 
 fendant. Case decided in favor of plaintift'. 
 
 The first township meeting, April, 1834. 
 
 The first Supervisor was the Hon. Wm. Moore. 
 
 The first Township Clerk was Othniel Gooding. 
 
 The first school-house was erected in 1831, and opened under 
 Washington Morton, in jS'ovember, 1831. 
 
 The first ballot ever cast in the township was by Wra. ''Marvin, 
 Jr., in 1834. 
 
 Eev. John Walworth preached the first sermon in the township. 
 
 VILLAGES OF YORK. 
 
 Mooreville, called after its founder, John Moore, who came from 
 New York and settled here in an early day. is a small hamlet situ- 
 ated on the Saline river, about six miles from Saline. It contains 
 two stores, one hotel, a steam saw-mill, two blacksmith shops, one 
 wagon shop, a cheese factory, five churches and a fine new school 
 building. It has a daily mail. Lumber and cheese are the chief 
 manufactures. Its present post-mistress is Mrs. Dr. Bowers. Dr. 
 F. F. Oakley, who was a surgeon in the late war, and who is well 
 known throughout the surrounding country as a successful phys- 
 ician and surgeon, is located here. 
 
 MILAN. 
 
 partly in this township and 'in the town of Milan, Monroe county, 
 is also situated on the Saline river. It derived its name from the 
 town of Milan. The first postoffice was established here about 
 thirty-five years ago. Hon. D. A. Woodward, first postmaster. 
 Miss Nettie Palmer is the postmistress at present. The first set- 
 tlement was made by Mr. Marvin, father of Hon. Jarvis Marvin. 
 Its railroad facilities consist of the T. A. & A. E. and D. & B. 
 raildoads; while its ease of access and convenience of landing freight 
 are seldom excelled. The trade transacted by its business firms is 
 good, and steadily increasing. It contains four dry-goods stores, 
 one grocery store, one boot and shoe store, one news office and 
 jeweh-y store combined, one hardware, one drug store, two millin- 
 ery stores, two wagon shops, two blacksmith shops, one dry house, 
 two hotels and one church. As an illustration of the enterprising 
 spirit of its inhabitants, we have but to point to the fine residence 
 of 0. D. Blackraar and the almost palatial residences of Dr. Bes- 
 sac and Mr. Burt, now being built. A large stave factory and cider 
 mill combined is situated in this village. The chief manufactures 
 
YOEK TOWNSHIP. 1419 
 
 are flour, lumber, brick, staves, hoops and barrels. Its leading 
 shipments are wheat, wool, wood, apples and pork. 
 
 OHUECHES. 
 
 Kev. John "Walworth, of the Christian denomination, preached 
 the first sermon in the house of Stephen Bonner. Now there are 
 seven churches in the town, two Baptist, two Methodist, one Epis- 
 copal, one Universalist and one Union church. The names of the 
 pastors are as follows: Kev. Henry F. Cochran, of the York Baptist 
 Church, Kev. J. Fisher, of the Mooreville Baptist Church, Rev. 
 Dunning, of the M. E. Church at Mooreville. There are no regu- 
 lar pastors at the other churches. 
 
 Baptist Church. — A brief history of the first Church in 
 the town will not be inappropriate. Since it was of the Baptist 
 faith, we can do no better than copy a few extracts from a brief 
 history of the York Baptist|Church, a paper prepared for the Wash- 
 tenaw Baptist Association, and read before that society in 1868: 
 " In the year 1831 a few Baptists settled in the west part of the 
 town, then almost an unbroken wilderness, and, although destitute 
 of the preaching of the gospel, yet they observed the Lord's day, 
 meeting for the reading of the Scriptures, prayer and conference. 
 The little band continued their meetings about a year, when Kev. 
 Bradbury Clay, seeking a home in regions beyond, here found him- 
 self so deeply settled and established in the land, that farther pro- 
 gress was impossible. The good man, looking about for assistance, 
 called on Mr. Wm. Moore, an earnest Baptist Christian. A mutual 
 acquaintance was soon formed. Mr. Clay was pressed to tarry and 
 preach to them. He consented, and the result was his settlement 
 with them as their first pastor. 
 
 "The first efforb on record toward the formation of a Church oc- 
 curred Aug. 10, 1832. Met Aug. 31 pursuant to adjournment. 
 After a season of prayer and conference, resolved unanimously to 
 form themselves into a Church, and Elder Clay gave them the 
 hand of fellowship as a Church of Christ, to be known as the First 
 Baptist Church of Mooreville. It numbered about ten persons, 
 and Mr. L. Moore was chosen deacon. Mr. Clay remained with the 
 little band about two years, and several were added to them by 
 letter during that period. In 1834 several brethren and sisters 
 , settled in the east part of the town who desired Church privileges 
 in their new home in the new country. For the convenience of 
 the brethren and the good of the Church, they decided to hold their 
 meetings alternately at Mooreville and York, changing the name 
 from the former to the latter, their number having increased to 
 about 30. In May, 1834, Mr. Brigham visited them and preached 
 one year, 15 having been added by letter in that time. In May, 
 1835, the first baptismal occasion occurs. 
 
 "The next pastor was Kev. G. D. Simmons. In October the same 
 year, the Church resolved to build a place of worship, and a log 
 
 82 
 
1420 HISTOET OP WASHTENAW CODNTT. 
 
 structure was erected soon after, in wliich they worshipped 12 years. 
 The writer will simply add that many a glorious revival occurred in 
 the old log house. Much seed that was then sown is now bearing 
 fruit through the direct agency of Christian men and women who 
 date their conversion to those early days. This Church has enjoyed 
 many seasons of prosperity and seasons of depression, but it still 
 lives." 
 
 The present officers are: Clerk, "W. W. Kelsey; Deacons, A. R. 
 Wheeler, Othniel Gooding, Sr., J. U. Fuller and Henry Kelsey. 
 Xhe average attendance at the Sunday-school is 50; its Superin- 
 tendent, B. F. Gooding. 
 
 EpisGOjpal Church of Mooreville. — The ground on which this 
 building is located was deeded to the vestrymen of the Church by 
 Thomas J. Olcott and wife. May 1, 1660. The vestrymen were 
 Asahel Edson, Thomas J. Olcott, Eichard Alchin, Alexander Mc- 
 Mullen and William McMullen The same day the grond was 
 deeded, Rev. Darius Parker, of Clinton, laid the corner stone. 
 Conflicting circumstances hindered the completion of the building 
 until 1863, since which time there has been occasional services in 
 the church by different clergy, but the organization does not num- 
 ber members enough to support a resident minister. 
 
 Union Church. — There is but one organized religious society at 
 Milton, the M. E.; and in 1866, they erected a Union Church to be 
 used by all Christian denominations. The building is 35x50 feet 
 in size, and 19 feet in height, and cost $3,500. The present trus- 
 tees are: — H. Allen, J. Gamulett, P. Case, M. C. Edwards, and C. 
 H. Wilson. The M. E., Presbyterian, Baptist and Universalist 
 societies usually have the use of the church. 
 
 Universalist Church. — In December, 1877, Rev. J. B. Gilman. 
 of Manchester, assisted by Revs. Sisson, Crane and Gibbs, held a 
 three days meeting in York tp., for the purpose of organizing a 
 Universalist Society. A Ladies' Aid Society was formed, and the 
 cause went rapidly forward. In February, 1878, the society was 
 formally organized with Rev. Gilman (now of Macomb, 111.,) as its 
 first pastor. The Ladies' Aid Society gave entertainments, etc., 
 and in one year accumulated $1,048. The Church Society and 
 its friends decided on the erection of a structure in which to wor- 
 ship; a site was selected, and under the supervision of the officers 
 of the Church, an edifice costing $3,000 was erected. This was 
 furnished throughout by the amount raised by the Ladies' Aid So- 
 ciety. The dedicatory sermon was preached early in 1880 by Rev. 
 Stocking, of Lansing, and it was a very happy and enjoyable occa- 
 sion. Rev. Gilman was succeeded by Rev. V. A. Saxton, who is 
 the present pastor. The society is in a healthy and flourishing 
 condition, and give promise of doing much good in the future. 
 
 TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school-house was built on section 18 in the fall of 1831. 
 It was built of logs by one Burtis Hoag. He furnished all of the 
 
TOEK TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1421 
 
 material and was paid $50. Washington Morton taught the first 
 school in the winter of 1831. At the present date of writing (fall 
 of 1880), the number of school districts are eleven, seven of which 
 are fractional. There are eight school-houses in York, valued at 
 about $10,000. 
 
 TOEK TOWNSHIP OFFICBES SUPEEVISOES. 
 
 NoahWolcott 1834 
 
 William Moore. . . .' 1835-6 
 
 Lyman Carver 1837 
 
 Jacob Cook 1838-9 
 
 TJzziel Kanouse 1840 
 
 Jolm Kanouse 1841-2 
 
 Lyman Carver 1843-8 
 
 Caleb Moore 1849 
 
 James M. Kelsey 1850 
 
 Caleb Moore 1851-3 
 
 James M. Kelsey 1853 
 
 Caleb Moore 1854-6 
 
 H. H. BrinkerhofE 1857-8 
 
 Thomas Gray 1859-64 
 
 Peter Cook 1865-72 
 
 Jesse Warner 1873-6 
 
 John W. Blakeslee 1877-8 
 
 Jesse Warner 1879 
 
 John W. Blakeslee 1880 
 
 CLEEKS. 
 
 William T. Stone 1834 
 
 Othnlel Gooding. , 1835 
 
 WiUiam T. Stone 1836 
 
 Othniel Gooding 1837 
 
 Calvin Douglas 1838 
 
 Edward Webb 1839-43 
 
 Othniel Gooding 1843-8 
 
 Edward Webb 1848 
 
 Othniel Gooding 1849-50 
 
 Edward Webb 1851 
 
 Asahorel Sanford 1852-3 
 
 Othniel Gooding 1854-6 
 
 Peter Cook 1857 
 
 James Lawrence 1858 
 
 Easton D. Gilman 1859 
 
 James Lawrence 1860-9 
 
 A. D. Jackson 1870-1 
 
 C. C. Sangree 1872 
 
 Allen B. Hanson 1873 
 
 W. W. Kelsey 1874-6 
 
 C. W. Blackmer 1877 
 
 A. D. Jackson 1878-80 
 
 TEEA8UEEES. 
 
 James Hankeson 1834-7 
 
 Josiah Hathaway 1838 
 
 William Davis 1839 
 
 Donald Mclntyre 1840 
 
 Horace Barnard 1841 
 
 J. W. Blakeslee, sen 1842 
 
 Milton R. Moore 1843 
 
 James Dunning 1844^6 
 
 Daniel Le Baron 1847-8 
 
 Myron Webb 1849 
 
 Henry W. Moore 1850 
 
 Myron Webb 1851 
 
 Jerome Gooding 1853 
 
 Jacob C. Hathaway 1853 
 
 Noah G. Kelsey 1854^S 
 
 John Cook 1857 
 
 William Dexter 1858 
 
 Milo Clark 1859 
 
 Horace Shepard 1860-4 
 
 Henry Rearick 1865 
 
 William J. Jackson. 1866 
 
 C. C. Sangree 1867-8 
 
 H. T. Le Baron 1869-70 
 
 T. C. Kanouse 1871-2 
 
 Nahum A. Waugh 1873-4 
 
 Alfred Davenport 1875-6 
 
 Geo. F. Richards 1877-8 
 
 Franklin Butler 1879-80 
 
1422 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Wm. Moore 1836 
 
 Wm. T. Stone 1836 
 
 Albert "Warren 1836 
 
 Daniel E, Kelsey 1837 
 
 Jarvis E. Marvin 1838 
 
 William Lake 1839 
 
 J. R Bowers 1840 
 
 T.J. Olcott 1841 
 
 I. B. Hathaway 1842 
 
 James M Kelsey 1843 
 
 Milton R. Moore 1844 
 
 Uzziel Kanouse 1845 
 
 Daniel Carpenter 1846 
 
 James M. Keslev 1847 
 
 Milton R. Moore 1848 
 
 George Sperry 1849 
 
 John Kanouse • 1850 
 
 A. B. Graves 1851 
 
 James M. Kelsey 1853 
 
 Geo. Sperry 1853 
 
 L.C.Allen 1854 
 
 Thomas Gray 1855 
 
 James M. Kelsey 1856 
 
 Jesse Headon . . ; 1857 
 
 .LR. Bowers 1858 
 
 Thos. Braman 1859 
 
 S.B.Newton 1860 
 
 Peter Cook 1861 
 
 J. R. Bowers 1863 
 
 A. H. Hotchkln. : 1863 
 
 J. U. Fuller 1864 
 
 J. M. Kelsey 1865 
 
 J. R. Bowers 1866 
 
 A. H. Hotchkin 1867 
 
 J. U. Fuller 1868 
 
 E. A. Reynolds 1869 
 
 J. R. Bowers 1870 
 
 R. Salsbury 1871 
 
 S. H. Gay 1873 
 
 J. A. Jackson 1873 
 
 E.A. Reynolds 1874 
 
 John W. Blakeslee 1875 
 
 Allen B. Hanson 1876 
 
 Truman Carpenter 1877 - 
 
 James Doyle 1878 
 
 John A. Jackson 1879 
 
 James Gauntlett, sr Ib80 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 In the personal sketches succeeding, are many incidents of early 
 settlement, entertaining and instructive. The foregoing historical 
 sketch embraces much subject matter, of a valuable character; but 
 to prevent, as far as possible the repetition of facts, nothing that 
 has been fully treated in the biographical collection, is mentioned 
 in tlie history proper. 
 
 Son. L. G. Allen, was horn Sept. 31, at the close of that cold summer of 1816, 
 in the town of Huntington, Chittenden Co., Veri. ;ont, in one of those deep valleys 
 which abound so plentifully among the green mountains. He was the 4fli of 
 6 brothers — Harmon, Abel, Carlos, Lovatus Chapman (the present subject) Cyrus 
 and Harry. Three sisters were also raised to woomanhood — Charlotte, Maria 
 and Laura. The 3 sisters and Cyrus have gone, the rest remain. Their father, 
 Edward Allen, was a native of donnecticut and the son of Elihu Allen, who was 
 a cousin o£ the celebrated Ethan Allen, of Ticonderoga fame. The Aliens emi- 
 grated to Vermont from Connecticut some time before the Revolutionary war, 
 and Edward, the father of L. C, at the age of 17, enlisted and served during 
 the last three years of the war, for which the Government gave him a pension 
 during a few of the last years of his life. He was the suiTeyor for quite an ex- 
 tensive neighborhood during its early settlement. L. C. 's mother was Abigail, 
 nee Palmer, who also was a native of Connecticut. 
 
 Mr. Allen commenced his education at a little log school-house on one corner 
 of his father's farm during the summer before he was three years old. His 
 mother has told him that she sent the older boys to school and he would run 
 away and go too, and as he made fair progress in learning, and was out of her 
 way, she was quite willing he should go. He himself now distinctly remem- 
 bers going there to school before he wore trousers. At the age of about six his 
 family removed to the town of Richmond, where he was raised during the rest 
 of his minority, going to school summers till about 9 or 10 years old, and then 
 about three months a year during the winter when the snow was not too deep to 
 get there. His most vivid recollections during these years are. wallowing through 
 the snow and going over the drifts on the crust, digging houses in the drifts, and 
 
YORK TOWNSHIP. 1423 
 
 wrestling at school. At the age of 18 he went to an academy about four weeks, 
 and then took a large school where there were many larger scholars and some 
 boys larger and older than himself. He taught this school three months. He 
 worked at home during the next summer, and in the fall took another term of 
 five weeks in an academy, and in the ensuing winter taught another school, with 
 better success. 
 
 His father gave him his time at 30, and he went to Massachusetts where some 
 friends had gone before him, to learn some kind of manufacturing where better 
 wages could be had than working on a farm. He secured a place at $10 per 
 month, in the shop of one Luke Harrington, a manufacturer of guns and cast- 
 steel hoes, who was a very enthusiastic Jackson man, and had great hopes of Van 
 Buren as Jackson's successor. Luke offered to increase his wages 50 per cent, 
 for another year, but not immediately accepting the otfer, the great financial 
 crash of 1837 occurred after Old Hickory had fought his great battle with the 
 United States bank, and all the smaller banks in the country suspended specie 
 payments, many of them permanently. Manufacturing establishments all over 
 the country, as well as banks, suspended business, and young Allen, as well as. 
 thousands "of others, was thrown out. He then, rather than feed on husks, re- 
 turned to his father's house, where he worked summers and taught school winters- 
 till he was 35 years of age. He then went to Deckertown, JST. J., where his 
 brother Carlos had commenced the practice of medicine. He taught school 
 continuously in that vicinity for about five years. Having heroically and suc- 
 cessfully dodged the arrows of Cupid till 30 years of age, he was finally pierced 
 to the heart with one which laid him at the feet of Sarah Dewey, a very estima- 
 ble and accomplished young lady, whom he married in the spring of 1847. She 
 was born Dec. 33, 1831, a daughter of Wm. F. and Catherine (Compton) Dewey, 
 natives of New Jersey. 
 
 Soon after his marriage Mr. Allen took an interest in a woolen manufactoiy 
 in the village of Branchville, Sussex Co., N. J., which business he pursued about 
 three years and then removed to Michigan upon the farm where he now resides. 
 Here he has pursued a successful course of farming, and has raised a family of 7 
 daughters and 1 son, namely : Kate, wife of Franklin Butler, was born in Sussex 
 Co., N. J., Feb. 30, 1848 ; Mary E., wife of J. D. Forsythe, was born in New 
 Jersey, March 11, 1849; Louisa, wife of L. R. Alder, a man of Iowa, was born in 
 Washtenaw Co. Aug. 38, 1850 ; Laura A., wife of O. G. Alderman, of Swan Lake, 
 Dakotah, was born April 36, 1853 ; Ada L., wife of J. J. Saulsbury, of North 
 Baltimore, Wood Co., Ohio ; Alice, born March 31, 1856; Ida M., born May 33, 
 1860; Willie F., born April 17, 1864. 
 
 Mr. Allen was first elected as School Inspector, then as Justice of the Peace, 
 and finally, in 1863, as Representative to the State Legislature, on the Union 
 ticket. He served two sessions with marked ability and honor. He owns 300 
 acres of land, all under a high state of cultivation. He has always enjoyed the 
 confidence and respect of his neighbors, taking part in all public questions, and 
 having been entrusted by them with various town offices, and in the years 1863-'4 
 he represented the towns of Augusta, York, Saline, Bridgewater, Manchester and 
 Lodi, in the Legislatm-e. Since that time he has quietly pursued his favorite 
 occupation. He is often consulted by his neighbors as to their matters of difficulty, 
 and has saved many of them expensive lawsuits by timely and friendly counsel. 
 He is at this time mourning the loss of his beloved wife, whose death occurred 
 the 35th of Jan. last. . 
 
 As a representative man of the higher class of Michigan citizens, we give Mr. 
 Allen's portrait in this volume, on page 539. 
 
 JohnF. Areny, farmer, section 7, was born in New York, Nov. 16, 1847, and is 
 a son of Albert G. and Emily (Geer) Areny, natives of Connecticut. JohnF. 
 settled at Ann Ai-bor, Mich., in 1868, and Mav 30, 1874, was married to Anna 
 LeBaron, daughter of Uriah and Lois (Shepherd) LeBaron, who came to this 
 county in 1838. Mr. Areny and wife have two children— Laura, born June 13, 
 1875, and Lois L., bora Jan. 19, 1877. Mr. Areoyhas been a very successful sew- 
 ing-machine agent for over eight years. He is a Republican. 
 
 Daniel Aylesworth, farmer, section 26, was born in New York, in 1805, and was 
 a son of Daniel and AnnaAylesworth,natives of Rhode Island. Mr. Aylesworth came 
 to this county in 1835. He was married in New York, in 1837, to Betsey Huntley, 
 who was born in New York, in 1810. Two children were given them (both de- 
 ceased). Mrs. Aylesworth died in 1833. He was married, in 1833, to Betsey Per- 
 
1424 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 kins, who was born in New York, in 1805. One child was born to them, Eme- 
 line, wife of A. D. Dinsmore. Again death claimed a victim, and Mrs. Ayles- 
 worth was laid at rest in 1869. Mr. Aylesworth was married, in 1878, to Mary A. 
 Marvin, who was bora in New York, in 1811. Mr. Aylesworth owns 40 acres of 
 land, and is a consistent member of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Orriii Russell Townsend (deceased) was born in Carmel tp., Putoam Co., N. Y., 
 Nov. 14, 1818. His parents were James and Sarah (Rassell) Townsend na- 
 tives of New York. When Orrin was two years old his mother died, and he then 
 resided with his uncle, Stephen Russell, four years, and subsequently with a Mr. 
 Morgan until his 31st year. With the latter he learned the wagon-maker's trade, 
 but never followed it as a business. When 18 years of age, he went to Western 
 New York and worked with his brother at the carpenter's trade, and then at mill- 
 ing for 14 years. He was married to Nancy J. UeMill, a native of Richmond, 
 N.r., and daughter of Isaac and Lanah DeMill. Two children were given them 
 — Elizabeth, who was born April 6, 1846, and tiled April 3, 1847; and Delos A., 
 who was born Sept. 11, 1851, Mr. Townsend came to Michigan in 1843, locating 
 in Lima tp., where Mrs. T. died, Oct. 5, 1855. April 14, 1856, Mr. Townsend 
 married Phcebe E. De Mill, who was born April 14, 1830. Three children were 
 given them— G-ilmer P., born Aug. 6, 1857 ; Hugh S., born May 5, 1861 ; and 
 Charles O., born Jan. 16, 1863. In 1863 Mr. Townsend sold his farm in Lima tp., 
 and purchased one in York, where he lived until his death, which occurred April 
 6, 1872. Mr. Townsend was quite reserved in his address, and politically was a 
 Democrat. He once served as Justice of the Peace. 
 
 Warren Babcuck, farmer and stock-raiser, was born atScipio, Cayuga Co., N. Y., 
 Dec. 18, 1823, and a son of David and Electa (Daniels) Babcock, the former of 
 whom was born in New York, in 1789. In 1853 he came to Michigan, where he 
 died Dec. 5, 1878. Warren first settled at Ypsilanti, and subsequently in Kent 
 county, coming to his present residence in 1880. He owns a quarter-section of 
 land in sec. 34, valued at $45 per acre. He is Republican in politics, and a mem- 
 ber of the Masonic order. He was married July 31,1847, to Cordelia Twist. Six 
 children were given them, four of whom are living— Katy, wife of George Jones; 
 Eraak, who was born Nov. 30, 1858; Cordelia, born Aug. 4, 1860; and Warren, 
 Jr., born Sept. 15, 1836. Harriet, and Mary B.,who married William A. Duress, 
 are deceased. The latter left one child, Kittle. Mrs. Babcock died, and Mr. B. 
 was again married July 2, 1873, to Mary A. McKibbon. 
 
 if. .S. .Bessac, if. -D., physician and surgeon, Milan, was born in this county 
 May 31, 1845. His parents are William H. and Mary J. (Wheeley) Bessao, the 
 former a native of New York, of French descent; and the latter a native of Con- 
 necticut. William H.Bessac is a retired physician, and resides at Manchester, at 
 the age of 72 years. His wife died in 1855. H. B. graduated from the medical 
 department of the University of Michigan, in 1873, and immediately began the 
 practice of his profession. He located in Wayne Co., Mich., and in 1874, at Milan, 
 where he has since resided, and enjoyed a good share of the public patronage. 
 He was married in New York, in 1867, to Julia E. Yale, born at Middlebury, 
 Vt., in 1844, a daughter of Harvey and Camilla Yale. Of the three children 
 born to them, two are living — William H., born Feb. 2, 1869, and Bertrand, born 
 Sept. 1, 1877. Doctor Bessac is a membeT of the Masonic fraternity, and votes 
 with the Republican party. 
 
 Charles M. Blackmer, merchant, Milan, was born in Massachusetts, Dec. 27, 1844, 
 and is a son of David and Zeriah (Palmiter) Blackmer, who came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1856. Mr. Blackmer was married, Jan. 13, 1865, to Emily E. Webb, 
 born in this county June 19, 1845, and daughter of Myron and Catherine (Kan- 
 ouse) Webb, natives of New York. Seven children have been born to bless this 
 union, six of whom survive— Cvnthia M., born Dec. 13, 1865; Grace M., born 
 Aug. 4, 1867; S. Thurlow, born April 11, 1869; Eddie, born Dec. 4, 1870; Webb, 
 born Aug. 4, 1872; and Bertha Z., born May 17, 1877. D. M., born Aug. 2, 1879, 
 died Aug. 38, 1880. Mr. Blackmer started in the mercantile trade at Milan some 
 years ago, and has built up a large and fast-increasing trade. He is a large prop- 
 erty-owner, a member of the I. O. O. F.; and a Republican. He has been (31erk 
 of York tp. 
 
 John W. Blakeslee, farmer, sec. 15, York tp., was born in New York, April 25, 
 1830, and is a son of John W. and Urana (Bonney) Blakeslee. They emigrated 
 to this country in 1836, where the former died in 1860, the latter still living, and 
 although 88 years of age, retains her mental and physical faculties to a marked 
 
TOEK TOWNSHIP. 1425 
 
 degree. Blakeslee's father was a wagon-maker, but John W. was raised on a 
 farm, and has followed agricultural pursuits, and stock-raising the greater por- 
 tion of his life. He now owns 345 acres of fine land. He was married Nov. 34, 
 1850, to Elizabeth Richards, born in Nottingham, England, March 10, 1829, and 
 daughter of William and Elizabeth (Sibert) Richards, of English descent. They 
 emigrated to this country in 1830, where the former died Aug. 3, 1864, and the 
 latter March 11, 1875. They have one child by this marriage. Flora E., born 
 May 6, 1857. In politics Mr. Blakeslee is Republican, and has been elected as 
 Constable, J. P., and Supervisor of York tp.. holding the latter position, with the 
 exception of 1870, since 1877. He is a good citizen, and one well respected. His 
 portrait appears in this work, on page 1319. 
 
 Br. Jonathan R. Bowers (deceased) was born in Central New York, June 19, 
 1800. He emigrated to York tp., Washtenaw Co., Mich., in May, 1833, and prac- 
 ticed his chosen profes-sion until the inflrmities of age compelled him to retire 
 from the field. He died suddenly of apoplexy, on July 18, 1873, aged over 73 
 years. Dr. Bowers was appointed the first Postmaster of York tp., which oflice 
 he filled, at ditfereut periods, for over 30 years. He was elected J. P., at the or- 
 
 fanization of York tp., and held that position, except one or two terms, until his 
 eath. He was Colonel of the 6th Reg. Mich. Militia, and would have entered 
 the Union army during the Rebellion, but age deterred him. He was twice mar- 
 ried. In New York, July 9, 1836, he married Marency Maxson. Mrs. Bowers 
 died, and in 1843 he was married to Harriet N. Wheeler, of Norlhville, Mich., 
 with whom he lived happily until his death. Mrs. Bowers has charge of the 
 postofBce at York, which was vacated by the Doctor's demise. An aged friend said 
 of Dr. Bowers: — " He was the physician, the friend and the brother of everybody, 
 for miles around;" and another: — "Give me a fair compensation for what the 
 Doctor did gratuitously, and I shall be rich." 
 
 Luther E. Bradley, farmer, sec. 19, is a life resident of this county, and was 
 born July 19, 1844. His parents are Eber and Hannah Bradley, the former a na- 
 tive of Connecticut and the latter of New York. They came to this county in 
 1830. Mr. Bradley was married Sept. 18, 1873, to Sylvia J. Shaw, who was born 
 in this county Oct. 19, 1848, and daughter of Joseph and Roxie Sbaw, the former 
 of whom was born Feb. 14, 1803, and died in November, 1876. Three children 
 have been sent to bless this alliance — Joseph L., born Dec. 13, 1875; Abbertine 
 H., born April 6, 1873 ; Hugh 8., born Feb. 14, 1880. Mr. Bradley is a Republi- 
 can, and himself and wife are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Thrnnai H. Bradley, farmer, sec. 31, was born in Connecticut, July 33, 1818. 
 His parents were Alba and Salina Bradley, both natives of Connecticut. Mr. 
 Bradley was married in 1833 to Sarah Witherell, who was born in this county in 
 1843. Two children were given them — Charity M., wife of William Gleason, and 
 G-race. Mrs. Bradley died in 1848. In 1854 Mr. B married Mrs. Lucinda Gray, 
 who was born in November, 1838. They have four children — Elmer T., Earl, 
 Arthur and Ida M. Mr. Bradley is a member of the Free Methodist Church, and 
 has been a local minister since 1844. He is an honest, conscientious Christian, 
 and well respected by his fellow-citizens. 
 
 Andrew J. Brama.n, proprietor Braman House, Milan, was born in this county 
 May 34, 1835. His parents were Thomas and Harriet (Cronk) Braman, the for- 
 mer a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of New York ; the former was born 
 Oct. 3, 1799, and the latter Feb. 4, 1816. They came to this county in 1833, where 
 they still reside. Mr. Braman was formerly a carpenter and joiner, but of late 
 years has been engaged in keeping hotel. He was married Jan. 18, 1860, to Ar. 
 della V. Young, born in Washtenaw county in 1841, and daughter of Henry and 
 Mary Scramblin^Young, early settlers in this county. They have four children by 
 this union— Freddie A., Nora A., Herbert W. and Burtoa H. Mr. Braman has 
 been a Constable for 30 years. He owns 70 acres of land, is connected with the 
 I. O. O. F., and a member of the Republican party. 
 
 Gilbert M. Brown, proprietor Brown's Hotel, Mooreville, York tp., was born in 
 New York, Dec. 34, 1826, and is a. son of Sylvester and Elizabeth ( Winter) Brown, 
 the former a native of New York, and the latter of Connecticut. They emigrated 
 to Washtenaw county in 1843, when the former died in 1866, and the latter a year 
 later. Mr. Brown was married in 1846, to Hannah M. Lashier, who was born in 
 New York in 1837. Two children were given to bless this union — Charles L and 
 Sylvia F. Mrs. Brown died in 1871. On March 14, 1873, Mr. Brown married 
 Marcio C. Remington, a native of New York. They have one child, Minerva 
 
1426 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 R. Mr. Brown formerly resided at Saline, during which time he assisted in the 
 construction of the gravel road from that city to Ypsilanti. He also built the first 
 sidewalk in Saline village. Both of his grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolu- 
 tionary war, and his father served in the war of 1812. 
 
 W. H. Burnham, farmer, sec. 26, P. O., Milan, was horn In New York, Dec. 17, 
 1826. His parents were Allen and Olive (Harrison) Burnham, the former a native 
 of Kew York, and the latter of Maine. Mr. Burnham was killed by lightning, 
 he being in his barn at the time. The barn took fire, and his body was nearly 
 consumed. W. H. Burnham was married in Monroe Co., N. Y., July 4, 1849, to 
 Jane M. Lawrence, who was born in New York, Feb. 7, 1833. Four children 
 were sent to bless this union— Helen, born Nov. 13, 1850, Caroline E., born July 
 10, 1852 ; Allen H., born Feb . 8, 1854 ; Lillian J., born Nov. 7, 1855. Mr. B. owns 
 120 acres of fertile land, and is a Democrat. 
 
 Franklin Butler, farmer, sec. 27; P. O., Milan; was born in Wayne Co., Mich., 
 May 26, 1840. His parents were Kiley and Mary (Pennell) Butler, the former a 
 native of New York, and the latter of New Jersey. They came to Michigan in 
 1840, first locating in Wayne county, and in 1858 removing to this county, where 
 the former died in 1864. The mother is still living. Mr. Butler was married, 
 Feb. 28, 1868, to Catherine Allen, born in this county Feb. 28, 1848, and daughter 
 of Loratus^C. and Sarah (Dewey) Allen. The fruits of this union have been tlie 
 birth of four children— Wilmer F., born Jan. 28, 1869; Fred., born Jan. 19, 1872; 
 Gertrude, born Nov. 28, 1876, and Cassius V., born Dec. 26, 1879. Mr. Butler is 
 now filling his second term as Treasurer of York tp. He owns 150 acres of land, 
 and votes with the Republican party. 
 
 George A. Oobb, farmer, sec. 7, was born in New York, May 17, 1813. His par- 
 ents, Elijah and Mary (Vail) Cobb, came to Michigan in 1834, locating in Len- 
 awee Co., where George remained until 1865, when he removed to Washtenaw 
 county, and settled in York tp,, where he owns 198 acres of excellent land. He 
 was married in 1841 to Roxanna Gray, born in New York, in 1813, and daughter 
 of Moses and Roxanna (Howard) Gray, the former a native of Vermont, and the 
 latter of Connecticut. Seven children liave been born to this union — Louisa M., 
 born Feb. 8, 1844, wife of Lester Taggart, of Eaton Co., Mich. ; Albert, born Dec. 
 31, 1845; Charles R., born Dec. 23, 1847; George H., born Dec. 31, 1849; Lucy, 
 born Feb. 21, 1853; Ella R., March 15, 1854, wife of D wight Crittenden, and Ada, 
 born June 28, 1857, wife of Ira Wood, of Washtenaw county. Mr. Cobb has 
 been elected to several official positions in York tp. Mr. and Mrs. Cobb are 
 members of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Henry Goe, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 2, was born in Washtenaw county, 
 Aug. 24, 1839, and is a son of Arthur and t^arah (Redner) Coe, the former a native 
 of New York, and the latter of New Jersey. They emigrated to this county in 
 1836. Mr. Coe was married, Dec. 25, 1861, to Martha A. Stark, who was born in 
 Washtenaw county, April 5, 1842, and daughter of Cary and Phcebe (Chase) 
 Stark, who came to this county in 1830. Four children were born to this union, 
 
 3 of whom are living — Charles H., born Nov. 31, 1866; Arthur, born May 15, 
 1870; Sadie, born Oct. 29, 1879. Mabel E. is deceased. Mr. Coe is connected 
 with the Masonic fraternity, and owns 160 acres of excellent land. 
 
 John E. Conde, farmer, sec. 33, P. O., York, was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., 
 Feb. 4, 1822, and son of John and Polly Conde. The subject of this sketch emi- 
 grated to this county in 1833, and in 1853 was married to Polly A. Johnson, who 
 was born in New York, in 1829. Of the 5 children sent to seal this alliance, 
 
 4 are living — John, Samuel, Elmer and Charlie. Mr. Conde has worked hard 
 since hig residence in this county, and the reward of his toil is shown by the 120 
 acres of valuable land which he possesses. Himself and wife are members of the 
 
 M. E. Church. Mr. Conde is a Republican. 
 
 Hon. Peter Cook, station agent, Ann Arbor and Toledo R. R., Urana, was born 
 in Wayne county, N. Y., Jan. 5, 1828, and is a son of Jacob and Eve (Dunn) 
 Cook, the former of English, and the latter of German descent. They emigrated 
 to this county in 1331, where the former died in 1844, and the latter in 1872. 
 Peter is the fifth of a family of 9 children, and received but a limited educa- 
 tion. His lather died when he was 16 years old, and he remained at home for 
 several years afterward. He was married in 1849, to Harriet E. Carver, who was 
 born in this county in 1830. They had 1 child by this union — Ella, born 
 Nov. 31, 1850, and wife of George Cobb, of Saline. Mrs. Cook died in 1853. Mr. 
 Cook was again married in 1853, to Ann Hinkley, born in Washtenaw county, in 
 
YOEK TOWNSHIP. 1427 
 
 1838, and daughter of Sherman and Orpha (Gates) Hinkley, who came to this 
 county in 1831. Mr. Cook and wife had 6 children— Webster, Hattie, John 
 Fred, Rachel and Sherman. Mr. Cook owns 270 acres of land in York tp., and 
 and 21 acres in Pittsfleld tp. ; filled several minor offices until 1872, when he was 
 elected to represent Washtenaw county, in the State Legislature. His opponent 
 was a Democrat, and as the county was of that complexion, he had many odds to 
 contend with, hut was elected by over 900 majority in the district. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Knights of Honor, and a well respected citizen of Washtenaw county. 
 
 William T- Oook, farmer, was born in England, in 1838. His parents, William 
 and Rachel Cook, emigrated to America in 1856, locating in New York. Four 
 years later they removed to this county, where they still reside. Mr. Cook was 
 married in Lenawee Co., Mich., in 1862, to Ellen L. PhilliRS, born in Washtenaw 
 county, in 1844, and daughter of Parley and Mary (Warner) Phillips, natives of 
 New York, who came to this county in 1836. Mr. and Mrs. Cook have 2 
 children— Clarence R. and Clifton W. Mr. Cook is connected with the I. O. O. F. 
 and Masonic fraternities. 
 
 Alfred Davenport was born in this county Jan. 17, 1844. His parents, Abram 
 and Jemima C. (Hobbs) Davenport, came to this county in 1833, locating at Sa- 
 line, where the former died in 1876, and the latter in 1879. Mr. Davenport was 
 married Nov. 28, 1865, to Mary Newton, a native of this county, and born Jan. 
 25, 1844. Her parents were S B. and Lucy Moor, who emigrated to this county 
 in 1831, where the former died in 1869. Mrs. Moor is still living. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Davenport have 2 children— Mansfield M., born July, 1873, and Lucy J., born 
 April 3; 1877. Mr. Davenport is president of the cheese factory in York tp., and 
 a prominent farmer and politician in that section. Himself and wife are mem- 
 bers of the Universalist Church. He owns 100 acres of land, under a high state 
 of cultivation. 
 
 William Davis, retired farmer, sec. 23, was born in Massachusetts, Oct. 18, 1779, 
 and emigrated to Washtenaw county, in 1832. He is a son of Sylvester and Eliza- 
 beth (Codding) Davis, natives of New York, where the former died in 1813, and 
 the latter two years later. Mr. Davis was married in Wayne Co., N. Y., in 1819, 
 to Betsey Wheeler, who was born in New York, in 1811. Of the 9 children 
 horn to them, 7 are living — Sarah T., wife of Durfey Simms; Nathan H.; 
 Louisa, wife of T. D. Horton ; Thomas ; Lydia ; Lucinda, wife of William Van 
 Valkenburg; and Cyrus. Mrs. Davis died Nov. 14, 1879. Mr. Davis was married 
 in 1880, to Rebecca Simras, who was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1813. Mr. 
 Davis' sons, Benjamin, Thomas and Cyrus, were soldiers in the Union army 
 during the Civil war. Nathan offered his services, but was rejected. He then 
 went Sou'h, and assisted in building several forts and barracks. Mr. Davis is an 
 old and respected pioneer of Washtenaw county. 
 
 Alva B. Dexler. farmer, sec. 36, P. O., Milan, is a life resident of this county, 
 and was born March 3, 1855. He is a sjn of William and Annis (Fuller) Dexter, 
 natives of New York, who emigrated to this county in 1831, where the former 
 died in 1876, and the latter in 1875 Mr. Dexter was married March 38, 1877, to 
 Ada Wilcox, born in this county in 1852, and daughter of Alexander and Almira 
 Wilcox, old and honored pioneers of this county. Mr. Wilcox is dead, but his 
 wife still survives. 
 
 Mr! and Mrs. Dexter are members of the Baptist Church, and he is a Republi- 
 can. 
 
 A. W. Dexter, farmer, sec. 26, was born in Washtenaw county, Nov. 15, 1844, and 
 is a son of William and Annis (Fuller) Dexter, who came to this county at an 
 early day. Mr. Dexter has followed the vocation of a farmer through life, with 
 the exception of six years. He was married in Minnesota, June 20, 1874, to 
 Arabell Grofi', who was born in New York in 1852. They had 1 child by this 
 union, Mabel, bom July 22, 1875. Mrs. Dexter died April 5, 1875. He was again 
 married, Nov. 20, 1875, to Mary Noles, who was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., in 
 1857, and daughter of Martin and Mary Vandeavor, pioneer of Monroe Co. Mr. 
 Dexter owns 100 acres of fertile land, is a member of the Baptist Church, and a 
 Republican. 
 
 Wiles Dexter, fa,Tta&[,SQC. 26, is a son of William and Annis (Puller) Dexter, 
 and was born in Washtenaw county, July 15 , 1850. He was raised to manhood on a 
 farm, and has been engaged in agricultural pursuits the greater part of his life. 
 He was married March 8, 1871, to Sophronia Whitmarsh, who was born in this 
 county, Jan. 15, 1854. They have 2 children — Lucy J., born July 22, 1874, 
 
1428 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 and Annis C, bora in 1876. Mr. Dexter has taken an especial interest in educa- 
 tional matters, and has filled various oflBces in connection with the schools of 
 York tp. He owns 80 acres of well improved land; is a member of the Baptist 
 Church ; and politically a faithful adherent of the principles of the Republican 
 party. 
 
 Milton M. Billon, farmer, sec. 14., P. O. Nora, was born in Washtenaw county, 
 Aug. 2, 1847, and son of William and Thankful A. (Stone) Dillon, natives of New 
 York, who came to this county in 1831. Mr. Dillon died in 1876, and his wife in 
 1863. Milton M. was reared on a farm, and has followed the vocation of a farmer 
 through life. ■ In 1862, he enlisted in Co. E , 7th Mich. Cav., and served three 
 years for "Uncle Sam." He was mustered out of service at Leavenworth, Kan. 
 He was married in Lenawee Co., Mich., Aug. 31, 1869, to Estella A. Harman, who 
 was born in this county Aug. 31,1849. Three children have been born to bless 
 this union— Curtis H., born April 2, 1871; W. Eugene, born Nov. 28, 1873; and 
 Milton M., born June 14, 1877. Mr. Dillon owns 90 acres of land, and is an 
 honored and respected citizen of York tp. 
 
 William H- Druse, farmer, sec. 22, was born in Washtenaw county, April 15, 
 1838, and son of Henry and Elizabetli Druse, the former a native of Canada, and 
 the latter of New Jersey. They settled in York, in 1830, where the former 
 died in 1879 Mrs. Druse is still living. Mr. Druse was married J an. 24, 1873, 
 to Mattie E. Knickerbocker, daughter of Francilow and Jemima (Smith) Knick- 
 erbocker, early settlers of this county. The father died in 1861, and the mother 
 in 1854. Four children have been born to this marriage — Elizabeth M., born 
 Dec. 31, 1874, Mary L , born Deo. 20, 1875, lona D., born Dec. 9 , 1876, and Tiin- 
 mie, born June 29, 1878. Mr. Druse and wife are members of the M. E. Church. 
 Mr. Druse owns 143 acres of land. 
 
 James Doyle was born in New York Feb. 10, 1826. His parents were James 
 and Ellen (Dousman) Doyle, natives of Ireland. Mr. Doyle was married in New 
 York, in 1845 to Eliza H. Wight, who was born in New York, Sept. 23, 1835. 
 They have 1 child, Ellen E., wife of Giles Merritt, of this county. Mr. Doyle 
 came to Washtenaw County in 1846, where he has since resided engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits. He owns 73 acres of land adjoining Milan, also property 
 in that village. Mr. Doyle is an honest and upright man, and one well re- 
 spected. 
 
 J. D. Forsyth, farmer, sec. 33, was born in New York Sept. 3, 1844 His par- 
 ents were George and Louisa (Hack) Forsyth, the for. uer a native of Ireland, and 
 the latter a native of Vermont. Mr. Forsyth emigrated to this county in 1864, 
 and in 1869 was married to Mary E. Allen, born in this county, March 11, 1849, 
 and daughter of L. C. and Sarah (Dewey) Allen. Five children have been born to 
 them— Pearl I., born Aug. 31, 1871: Lottie M., born Nov.29, 1874; G. Allen, born 
 June, 5, 1876, Blanche, born June 29, 1879, and Lewis L., born Nov. 9, 1880. 
 Charles was born June 7, 1878, and died July 3, 1878. Mr. Forsyth is a member 
 of the Baptist Church and a Republican. 
 
 Josiah W. Fuller is the son of Levi and Draxa (McLouth) Fuller, and the 
 fourth of a family of 14 children. His father was born Dec. 19, 1792, in New 
 York, and the mother Sept. 11, 1789, in Massachusetts. They were married in 
 1807, and emigrated to this county in 1833, where the former died in 1859, and the 
 latter Jan. 26, 1857. Josiah W. was raised on a farm and has followed the voca- 
 tion of a farmer through life. In 1843 he married Eliza A. Brooks, who was born 
 in New York in 1822. No children have ever been bom to them, but they have 
 an adopted son, Elam, born in 1854, who married Alice Knickerbocker, daughter 
 of Isaac and Phoebe Knickerbocker, residents of this county over 25 years. They 
 have 1 child, Eliza, born June 9, 1880. Mr. Fuller came to this county when it 
 was almost a wilderness, and many an exciting episode can he relate. He has 
 lived in York tp. 47 years, and never missed a vote. He has been honored with 
 all the offices the people of the tp. could confer, and officiated as Justice of the 
 Peace for 13 years in succession, with credit to himself and constituents. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Fuller are faithful members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Thomas H. Puller, farmer, sec. 24, P. O., Stony Creek ; was born in New 
 York Nov. 25, 1837. His parents were Levi and Draxa (McLouth) Fuller, who 
 emigrated to this county in 1833, where the former died in 1865, and the latter in 
 1857. Mr. Fuller was married June 13, 1857, to Emeline V. Richards, a native of 
 this county, and born June 8, 1837. Five children have been sent to bless this union 
 — Eflae E., born Feb. 13, 1861 ; William C, born Nov. 4, 1864 ; Allie D., born in 
 
YOEK TOWNSHIP. 1429 
 
 1866; Emma F., bom Sept. 13, 1873; and Thomas W., born Dec. 35, 1875. Mr 
 and Mrs. Fuller are members of the Baptist Church, and he owns 130 acres of 
 good land. 
 
 James Gau/itlett, retired farmer, was born in England Dec. 35, 1811, and was a 
 son of James and Mary (Bastrell) Gauntlett, the former a prominent boot and shoe 
 dealer of his native shire. James learned the shoemaker's trade when quite 
 young, and continued to follow the business until he was 31 years of age. He 
 frhen entered his father's store, remaining there until 1846, when he emigrated to 
 America and purchased a farm in York tp., which he continued to farm until he 
 had gained a competency sufficient to enable him to retire from active life. Mr 
 G. also owns property in Milan village. He was married in 1831 to Marv Wilk- 
 ins, born in 1813. Eleven children were born to them, 6 of whom are liv- 
 ing—James, Harriet, wife of Albert Holcomb, of Monroe county, Mich.; Joseph, 
 Richard, a resident of Detroit, William and Charles. The deceased are Mary A., 
 Sarah, William, Ann and May. Mrs. Gauntlett died in 1854, and Sept. 13, 1855 
 Mr. G. married Anna Hubbard. They have 1 child— Archie M. Mrs. G. is a 
 member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Gauntlett has been connected with the I. O. 
 O. F. for 49 years, and is a Republican. 
 
 Joseph Gauntlett, Deputy Sheriff of Washtenaw County, was born in London, 
 England, Sept. 30, 1841, and son of James and Mary (Wilkins) Gauntlett. He 
 spent his early life upon a farm, and when 14 years of age learned the black- 
 smith's trade. He was married in Washtenaw Co., Mich., October, 1860, to Julia 
 E. Brown, born in Monroe Co. Two children have been sent to bless this happy 
 union— Almira, born in 1864, and Mabel A., born in 1875. Mr. Gauntlett was 
 once Marshal of Dundee, Monroe Co., Mich., and previously held the position he 
 now occupies for one term. He is Democratic in politics, and owns property in 
 Milan village. 
 
 Beid Gillett, farmer, sec. 14, was born in this county, Deo. 13, 1831, and is a son 
 of William W. and Amanda (Crandall) Gillett, natives of New York. They set- 
 tled in Saline village in 1831, when only three houses marked the spot where now 
 stands that thriving little village. Mr. Gillett opened the first blacksmitti shop in 
 Saline. His wife died in 1865, and he was laid at rest in 1878. Reid was mar- 
 ried in 1856 to Fanny Eldridge, who was born in Wayne Co., Mich., in 1833. 
 One child was born to this couple, Prank. Mrs. Gillett died, and in 1858 he 
 was married to Martha E. Watkins. Her parents Allen B., and Abba (Smith) 
 Watkins, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of Vermont, emi- 
 grated to this county in 1833, wliere the former died in 1845. Mr. Gillett and 
 wife have 3 children— Willie W., born Feb. 10, 1863, Fred B., born Aug. 14, 
 1865, and Earnest B., born April 30, 1874. Mr Gillett owns 103 acres of land, 
 valued at $50 an acre. 
 
 Noble Gilmore is a life resident of this county, and was born June 5, 1845. His 
 father, Calvin Gilmore, was born in New York, and in 1831 came to Michigan, 
 where in 1837, he married Elmira, 'daughter of Silas and Susannah Shepard. 
 The subject of this sketch was married, July 4, 1866 to Addie Ailsworth, who 
 was born April 30, 1844, and daughter of Warren and Mary Ann Ailsworth. To 
 these was given 1 child, Freddie, born Nov. 35, 1868, and died April 3, 1873. 
 An adopted child, Willie, was born April 35, 1870. Mr. Noble commenced life 
 very poor, but now owns 76 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre. He is Repub- 
 lican in politics, and has been Assessor and Moderator of school district. 
 
 Othniel Gooding, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 15, was born in New ITork, Nov. 
 30. 1811. His father, Elnathan Gooding, was born in Massachusetts Oct. 15, 1771, 
 and was married to Esther Simmons, who was born in New York Sept. 15, 1784; 
 the former was an early settler of New York State, a kind parent, and affectionate 
 husband, possessing a heart always open to the wants of the poor. He departed 
 this life Aug. 38, 1841, at the age of 69 years. Othniel came to Washtenaw 
 county in 1834, locating on the farm where he now resides. He had been 
 previously married in New York Jan. 1, 1834, to Abbey A. Gregg, who was born 
 July 89, 1815, and a daughter of George and Elizabeth Gregg, natives of New 
 York. Seven children were born to this union, 3 of whom are living. — Benjamin 
 F., Mary, wife of Wesley Oulder, and Abbey C, who married Henry Kesler. 
 The deceased are Elnathan, Caroline, Othniel and Senecas. Mrs. Gooding died 
 in 1866, and Jan. 1, 1871. Mr. G. wag joined in the holy bonds of wedlock to Mrs. 
 Elizabeth J. Gordon, daughter of Benjamin and Betsey Bonney. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Gooding have 1 grandchild living with them, whose name is Bessie B. Bonnahan. 
 
1430 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Her mother is deceased. Mr. Gooding owns 170 acres of land, all under a high 
 state of cultivation. He is considered as one of the most respected and influential 
 citizens of York tp. His portrait appears in this volume, on page 383 
 
 Othniel E. Gooding, farmer, sec. 13, P. O., Stony Creek, was born in New York 
 Oct. 6, 1836. His parents, Elaathan and Helen Gooding, emigrated to this 
 county in 1856. Mr. Gooding was married in Washtenaw county, Feb. 38, 1866, 
 to Lucy Dexter, who was born in this county in 1843, and daughter of William 
 and Annis (Fuller) Dexter, the former a native of England, and the latter of New 
 York. They came to this county in 1833. Six children have been given to bless 
 this union — Charles E., William D., Elnathan, Frank, Rex and Carl. Mr. 
 Gooding enlisted in 1863, in Co. A , 4th Mich. Cav.,and was honorably discharged 
 at Nashville, Teun.,two years later. He is Democratic in politics, and has been 
 elected to different positions of trust in York tp. Mr. and Mrs. Gooding are 
 members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 A, B. Hanson, carpenter and joiner, P. O., Milan; was born in New York, June 
 13,1838. In 1833 he accompanied his parents, Mallion and Susanna (Smith) 
 Hanson, to Washtenaw Co., where the former died in 1867, and the latter in 1854. 
 Mr. Hanson has never married, but is an industrious and enterprising man, well 
 respected in the community wherein he resides. He is a member of the Masonic 
 Fraternity. 
 
 Oeorge M. Hanson, millwright, was born in Maine Oct. 39, 1812, and is a son 
 of William and Susanna (Smith) Hanson. Mr. Hanson was married in this 
 county to Eleanor Hankinson born in 1815, and daughter of James and Cath- 
 erine Hankinson. One child was born to this union, Edgar. Mrs. Hanson died 
 in 1842. Mr. Hanson was again married in 1843 to Abigail Lawrence, who was 
 born in Saratoga Co., N.Y., in 1824. Three children havj been born to them — 
 Victor, Lucy J., wife of Spencer Coe, and Ellen, wife of Hubert Taylor. Mr. 
 Hanson is an old and honored pioneer of this great and prosperous county. 
 
 David W. Hitchcock, station agsnt of T., A. A. & G. T. R. R., at Milan, was born 
 In this county, Sept. 12, 1838. His parents, David R. and Anna (Peck) Hitch- 
 cock, removed to Michigan in 1830. locating in Monroe county, and three years 
 later in Washtenaw county. They remained 12 years, and then returned to Con- 
 necticut, but came again to this county in 1863. Mr. Hitchcock was married 
 Nov. 19, 1864, to Harriet Fuller, who was born in Monroe Co., Mich., Oct., 1838. 
 They have three children— Cora A., born Oct. 31, 1866, Milton W., born June 18, 
 1868, learning telegraphy with his father, and Willie N., born June 1, 1871. Mr. 
 Hitchcock is a Mason, and well respected by his fellow citizens 
 
 Clinton Hobbs, farmer, sec. 39, P. O., York; was born in Washtenaw county, 
 Dec. 16, 1855, and is a son of James and Melvina Hobbs, natives of New York, 
 who settled in this State at an early date. Mr. Hobbs was married Dec 30, 1875, 
 to Mary Avery, who was born in this county Aug. 6, 1859, and a daughter of 
 John and Joanna Avery, pioneers of Washtenaw county. They have 2 chil- 
 dren — Gertrude and Cora. Mr. H. was reared a farmer and has continued to fol- 
 low that vocation through life. Mr. Hobbs Is a Democrat, and owns 51 acres of 
 valuable land. 
 
 Fredrick Kader, farmer, sec. 3, P. O , Saline, was born in Germany, Nov. 11, 
 1851, and came to the United States at the outbreak of the civil war. He lo- 
 cated in Washtenaw county, Mich., where he has since resided. His parents are 
 Ulrich and Rosina Kader. Mr. Kader was married in 1876, to Mrs. Catherine 
 Cook, who was born in this county in 1845. They have two children — Ledd and 
 one infant. Mrs. Kader had 3 children by her former marriage — Mary C, 
 Emanuel and Eliza. Mr. Kader owns 200 acres of land and is an enterprising 
 and industrious farmer. 
 
 Walter Kanouse, farmer and stock-dealer, sec. 5, was born in this county, July 
 16, 1840, and is a son of Peter and Sally (Cook) Kanouse, natives of New York, 
 who came to Washtenaw county, in 1840. Mr. Kanouse was married, Dec. 15, 
 1863, to Mary Rogers, who was born in this county in 1838. They have 3 
 children— Peter F., born Nov. 9, 1865 ; Clark D., born June 39, 1873 ; Oscar, born 
 May 17, 1874. Mr. Kanouse owns 83 acres of land, which he has accumulated by 
 years of hard toil and strict economy. 
 
 William Ka'.ouse, farmer, sec 3(i, was born in New Jersey, in 1818, and is a son 
 of John and Eleanor Kanouse, who came to Washtenaw county in 1831. Mr. 
 Kanouse was married, in 1849, to Amanda E. JadJ, who was born in New York 
 Oct. 1, 1838. Three children have been born to this unloa — Arcelia, born July 
 
YORK TOWNSHIP. 143] 
 
 30, 1851; Mary H., born Sept. 16, 1856; and Hattie, born June 31, 1861. Mrs 
 Kanouse is a daughter of Epbraim and Amanda (Pierson) Kanouse, natives of 
 New York. Her father served in the war of 1813. 
 
 Henry L. KeUey, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 9, was born in Washtenaw county 
 Jan. 33, 1833, and is a son of James M. and Harriet Kelsey, who emigrated to 
 this rounty at a very early day. Mr. Kelsey was married in 1867, to Abi N. 
 Goodmg, born in this county Feb. 13, 1847, and daughter of Othniel and Abi 
 (Gregg) Gooding, who came to Washtenaw county in 1831. They have 3 children 
 —Ola A., born Jan. 3, 1869, and Caroline J., born Aug. 5, 1871. Mr. Kelsey owns 
 160 acres of well-improved land, and believes in the principles of the Democratic 
 party. Himself and wife are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 James N. Kehey, farmer, sec. 38, was born in New York, Jan. 17, 1809. His 
 parents were Daniel and Sophia (White) Kelsey, natives of Saratoga Co., N. Y„ 
 who emigrated to this county in 1837. The father died in 1838, and the mother in 
 1850. Mr. Kelsey has been married three times. In Genesee Co., N. Y., in 
 1838, he married Esther Whipple, and 1 child (now deceased) was born to them. 
 Mrs. Kelsey died in 1835. He was married in Seneca Co., N. Y., in 1836, to 
 Hannah Dunning, who was born in New York in 1813. They had 5 children- 
 Melissa, wife of Horace LeBaron; Henry L., William W., Hester, wife of George 
 Richards, and Charlotte E. wife of Jerome Lasher. He was again married, in 1864, 
 to Mrs Amanda (Graves) Mclntyre, who was born in New York, in 1834. She had 
 3 children by her former marriage— Archibald D., and Amos G. Mr. Kelsey has 
 been a Justice of the Peace of York tp. for over 16 years, and has also been 
 Supervisor. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Masonic fraternity. 
 He possesses 340 acres of land, valued at $60 per acre. 
 
 Moseit J. KeUey, farmer, sec. 16, P. O., Saline; was born in New York, Oct. 35, 
 1885. His parents, Linnus and Sally (Hill) Kelsey, came to this county in 1843, 
 where the former died in 1870, and the latter in 1873. Moses was raised a 
 " farmer's boy, " but at the age of 31 years learned the carpenter and joiner's trade. 
 He was married in 1855 to Caroline LeBaron, born in Washtenaw county, in 1835, 
 and daughter of Leonard and Fanny LeBaron, natives of New York, and early 
 pioneers of this region. One child, Franklin, was sent to bless the union. Mr. 
 Kelsey has been elected to fill several minor offices, and politically is Democratic. 
 
 William W. KeUey, farmer, sec. 13, is a life resident of this county, and was 
 born Oct. 39, 1848. His parents, James and Hannah (Dunning) Kelsey, were na- 
 tives of New York, and came to this county in 1833. Mr. Kelsey has been en- 
 gaged in agricultural pursuits the ereater part of his life, in which business he 
 has been financially successful. He was married June 12, 1873, to Absena N. 
 Wheeler, born in this county July 11, 1849, and daughter of Charles G. and Eliza 
 (Miller) Wheeler, natives of New York. Mr. Kelsey has been Township Clerk, 
 and himself and wife are consistent members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Kelsey 
 has been a Democrat since 1860, but in the Presidential election of 1880 he cast 
 his vote for James A. Garfield. He owns 93 acres of well-improved land. 
 
 Jerome B. Lashier, farmer, sec. 5, York tp., was born in New York Oct. 8, 1833. 
 His parents were Michael and Hannah (Winters) Lashier, the former a native of 
 Pennsylvania and of German descent, the latter a native of Connecticut and of 
 English ancestry. They came to Washtenaw county in 1834 locating on sec. 6, 
 York tp., where they remained six months, and then settled on sec. 5, living there 
 until their death ; the former dying Dec. 7, 1859, aged 73 years, and the latter in 
 1869, aged 75 years. Jerome B. was married in this county, Feb. 37, 1868, to 
 Adeline LeBaron, who was born in Washtenaw county, in 1840. Two children were 
 given to this happv union, both of whom are deceased — Blanche, who died Dec. 7, 
 1873, aged two and a half years, and an infant. Mrs. Lashier died in 1873, and 
 Sept. 16, 1873, he married Charlotte A. Dunning, born March 19, 1839, and 
 daughter of Kelsie and Hannah Dunning, natives of New York. They emi- 
 grated to this county in 1837, where the former died in 1863, the latter still sur- 
 viving. One child was born to them — Beatrice, who died April 18, 1875, aged 
 7 months. Mr. Lashier is a member of the Republican party, and one of the bet- 
 ter class of citizens of this county. 
 
 Mrs- Helen Jane Lawrence, nee Young, (deceased), was born at Meriden, Living- 
 ston county, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1828, and at the age of six years accompanied her 
 parents to Michigan. Their new home was in the dense wilderness, and the 
 school privileges were limited. She had to walk two and a half miles through 
 the timber to school, and the nearest neighbors were two miles distant. The 
 
1432 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 nearest church was at Ypsilanti, a distant of 12 miles, which was traversed with 
 an ox-team. At 11 years of age, Mrs. Lawrence began to earn her own clothes, and 
 did so up to the time of her marriage, often working 10 or 13 miles from home. 
 On her 32d birthday she married James Lawrence. 
 
 James N- Lawrence, fai'mer, sec. 22 ; P. O., Nora ; was born in Monroe Co., Mich., 
 July 26, 1851, and is a son of James and Helen Lawrence, natives of Livingston 
 Co., N. Y., who emigrated to this county in 1854, where the former died 20 years 
 later. The mother is still living, and resides with her son. Mr. Lawrence was 
 married in 1875, to Susie M. Stephenson, born in Washtenaw county April 16, 
 1856, and daughter of James and Caroline Stephenson, the former a native of 
 Vermont, and the latter of New Hampshire. They came to this county in 1853, 
 where the father died in 1877. Mrs. Stephenson still survives, and resides with 
 her daughter. They have 2 children — Elston J., born Aug. 23, 1877, and Mabel, 
 born June 17, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence are members of the M. E. Church, 
 and he is connected with the I. O. O. F. fraternity. 
 
 Leander Le Baron (decesised) was born in Connecticut in 1801. He came to 
 Washtenaw county in 1828, and located in York tp., where he passed 
 the remainder of his days. He was married in New York, in 1827, 
 to Fanny Tracy. They had 4 children — Francis E., Horace T., James 
 W. and Adeline, wife of William Crosby. Mrs. Le Baron died in 1846. In 
 1850 he married Louisa Throop. She died the same year. In 1851 he again 
 married, this time Mrs. Sally (Kelsey) Carter. Of the 3 children given them, 
 2 are living — Irving L. and Alfred F. Mr. LeBai'on was an industrious and enter- 
 prising man, and at the time of his death owned 160 acres of land, under a high 
 state of cultivation. He was an energetic citizen, a friendly neighbor and a sym- 
 pathizing friend. He died April 23, 1871, mourned by a large circle of friends 
 and acquaintances. 
 
 Uriah Lc Saroft was one of the very earliest settlers in the tp. of York. He 
 was the oldest son of Francis LeBaron ; was born in Killingsworth, Conn., Nov. 
 10, 1799, and with his father removed to Le Koy, N. Y., in 1804, living there until 
 1827, wlien he removed to York, Mich., May 10, 1827, he bought the farm on 
 which he died. He was married to Lois Shepard March 15, 1832. She was the 
 first teacher in the tp. She died March 2, 1851. His second wife was Adaline 
 Bortle, of Port Gibson, N. Y., who died May 26, 1879. He was elected honorary 
 member of the Saline Lodge of Freemasons, and held the commission of Colonel 
 of the State militia. He died April 2, 1874. Although a quiet man he held the 
 confidence and esteem of all who knew him. He gave his children a good educa 
 tion, 3 of whom graduated at the State Normal, at Ypsilanti, and dying lef 
 them a legacy more precious than gold, the memory of a father tender and kind 
 upright in all his works, honored by all. 
 
 William 0. Loveland, farmer, sec 14; P. O., Nora; is a native of this county, 
 and was born June 28, 1843, and is a son of K. L. and Alzina (Troup) Loveland, 
 natives of New York, who removed to Washtenaw county in 1835. Mr. Love- 
 land enlisted in 1863, in Co. B, 2d Mich. Vol. Inf , and served three years in the 
 Union army. He was mustered out of service at Columbus, Ohio. During his 
 term of service he was taken prisoner and remained in the hands of the enemy 
 five months. He was married in 1866 to Absena Dexter, who was born in this 
 county March 30, 1842. Two children are the fruit of this union — Edwin O., 
 born July 28, 1868, and Grace A., born Feb. 33, 1873. Mr. Loveland is a promi- 
 nent politician of York tp., and has held several tp. otfices. Himself and wife 
 are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 A. O. Mesic, physician and surgeon, Milan, was born in St. Clair Co., Mich., 
 Nov. 6. 1849, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth J. (Gregg) Mesic, natives of 
 New York. The doctor graduated from the medical department of the University 
 of Michigan in 1878, jmd forthwith commenced the practice of medicine in Milan, 
 where he is doing a fair business. He was married in Macomb Co., Mich., in 
 1877, to Mary Keeley, born in Wayne Co., Mich., and daughter of Patrick and 
 Mary Keeley. One child has been given to them — Charles H., born May 35, 1879. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Mesic are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 Cnleh Moore (deceased) was born in New York Dec. 14, 1808, and was a son of 
 Washington and Lucy (Rice) Moore, the former a native of New Hampshire, and 
 the latter of Massachusetts, both being of Scotch-Irish descent. Mr. Moore came 
 to this county in 1834. He has been thrice married. In New York, May 8, 1837, 
 
YORK TOWNSHIP. 1433 
 
 he married Ann Burnett, who was born May 3, 1803. She died Jan. 14, 1836. He 
 was next married Aug. 33, 1886, to Harriet Wright, born in New Yorlf Feb. 7, 1808. 
 One child was born to them — Harriet A. (dec), wife of E. D. King. Mrs. Moore, 
 died April 33, 1841. He was again married Oct. 31, 1841, to Alvina Shepherd, 
 daughter of Joseph and Asenath (Bailey) Shepherd, of New Yorli. Three chil- 
 dren were born to this alliance — Maria, wife of B. F. Gooding ; Arminia, wife of 
 Truman Carpenter, of Illinois, and W. Irving. Mr. Moore was Supervisor of 
 York tp. for 13 years, and filled other tp. offices. At the time of his death he 
 owned 200 acres of good land. His widow still survives, and resides with her 
 daughter, Mrs. Gooding. 
 Mr. Moore's portrait will be found on page 293 of this work. 
 Washington D. Morton, farmer, sec. 16, was born in Vermont, Sept. 10, 1810. 
 His parents were Isaac and Nancy Morton, and resided on a farm, to which occu- 
 pation Washington was reared. His parents had not sufiicieat means to enable 
 him to obtain an academic education, so he was content to obtain a fair education 
 in the common schools. He studied diligently, and obtained sufficient knowledge 
 of the three R's — 'readin, 'ritin and 'rithmetic — to enable him to teach school. 
 He taught the first school in York tp. in 1832, the same year he came to the 
 county. He was married in New York, Aug. 33, 1833, to Laura Ingersoll, a 
 daughter of John and Martha Ingersoll. They have 4 children — Laura A., wife 
 of John Eichards; George W., Benjamin F., and Alexander W. Mrs. Morton is 
 a consistent member of the Baptist Church, Mr. Morton commenced in life in 
 this county teaching school at $13 a month, and now owns 100 acres of excellent 
 land. 
 
 William Muir was born in Scotland, June 15, 1833, and is a son of William and 
 Margaret Muir. He emigrated to the United States at an early day, and July, 
 1856, was married to Emeline Kheinfrank, who was born in Germany, March 27, 
 1835. Of the 6 children given them, 4 survive — Josephine, born June 7, 1858 ; 
 Amanda C, born May 1, 1863; William, and James E., born July 25, 1877. Mr. 
 Muir held different official positions in York tp., and is well respected by his 
 neighbors Mr. Muir is Republican in politics, and owns 137 acres of good land. 
 He resides on sec. 6, and his P. O. address is Saline. 
 
 Wesley Onderkirk, farmer, sec. 16; P. O., Saline; was born in New York, June 
 28, 1841 . His parents were Andre k J. and Catharine Onderkirk, natives of New 
 York, who came to this county in 1861, waere the former died in 1873. and the 
 latter, Jan. 16, 1881. Mr. Onderdirk was married Jan. 31, 1871, to Mary E. 
 Gooding, born in Washtenaw county Dec. 2, 1843, and daughter of Othniel and 
 Abba A. (Gregg) Gooding, who were among the early and honored pioneers of this 
 county. One child was sent to bless this alliance— Edward N., born Feb. 26, 1879. 
 Mr. Onderkirk enlisted in the Union army during the civil war, and served three 
 years in defending the honor of these United States. He owns 40 acres of good 
 land 
 
 Henry 8. Orr, farmer, sec. 16, York tp., was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., Dec. 
 27, 1835. His parents, William and Susan (Bachelor) Orr, were natives of New 
 York, and emigrated to Michigan in 1835, settling in Oakland county, where 
 they remained until 1867, the date of their removal to Washtenaw county. The 
 father died Nov. 27, 1880, but the mother still survives. Mr. Orr was married in 
 Oakland county, April 27, 1855, to Mary C. McMichael, born in Oakland county 
 in 1833, and daughter of William and Mary A. McMichael, pioneers of that 
 region. Four children were sent to bless this union, 3 of whom survive— Ora L., 
 born Dec. 7, 1862; William, born Jan 23, 1860, and F. Lula, born July 19, 1877. 
 Lillian (deceased) was born May 31, 1858, and died in 1860. Mr. Orr is a well-to- 
 do farmer, possessing 130 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre, and politically, 
 is a faithful adherent to the principles of the Democratic party. 
 
 E. 0. Parker, farmer, sec. 32 ; P. O., Nora ; was born in this county Sept 9, 1827, 
 and is a son of Ezra and Evaline (Seymour) Parker. Mr. Parker was married m 
 1853 to Mrs. Sarah (Warner)Harnian, who was born in New York April 14, 1825, 
 and daughter of Jesse and Margaret Warner. Three children have been given to 
 bless this union— Helen M., Lizzie M. and Clark W. Mrs. Parker has 1 child, 
 Estella Harman, by her former marriage. Mr. Parker claims to be the first white 
 child born in Webster tp. He is a Democrat and owns 13 acres of land. 
 
 Parley Phillips (deceased) was born in New York in 1812, and emigrated to 
 Michigan in 1836. He located on sec. 19,York tp., where he passed the remainder 
 of his days. He was married in 1839 to Mary Warner, who was born in New 
 
1434 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTT. 
 
 York in 1817, daughter of Jesse and Margaret Warner, who settled in this 
 county in 1830. Seven children were given to this union, 5 of whom survive — 
 Henrietta, wife of Benjamin Martin, of Bay City, Mich. ; Sarah E., Milton, Ellen, 
 wife of William Cook, of York tp., and Willard, who resides on the farm with 
 his mother. William and an infant are deceased. Mr. Phillips was a Democrat 
 in politics. He died in October, 1874, leaving 170 acres of valuable land. 
 
 George F- Siehards, farmer, sec. 16, York tp.; P.O. Saline; was born in 
 Washtenaw Co., Mich., Dec. 4, 1844. His parents were William and Elizabeth 
 (Sibbert) Richards, natives of England, the former being a manufacturer of lace 
 and watches. They emigrated to this county in 1830, and among the pioneers 
 of this fair region George F. was reared to manhood, and on Oct. 17, 1873; was 
 married to Esther L. Kelsie, born in this county July 3, 1845, daughter of 
 James M. and Hannah (Dunning) Kelsie, natives of New York, who emigrated 
 to Washtenaw county in 1834. Three children were sent to this marriage — 
 Henry S., born Oct. 34, 1874; Ray D., born June 18, 1876, and Dora G., born Jan. 
 3, 1878. Mr. Richards has officiated in several township positions, and ranks 
 among the better citizeus of the county. He owns 160 acres of well-improved 
 land, valued at $60 per acre. 
 
 Jo?m Richards, farmer, sec. 18, is a life resident of this county, and was 
 born Feb. 10, 1833. His parents, William and Elizabeth Richards, were natives 
 of England, and came to Michigan in 1839. Mr. Richards was married in 1858, 
 to Laura A. Morton, born in this county Oct. 37, 1834, and daughter of _ Wash- 
 ington and Laura Morton. Of the 7 children born to them, 6 are living — 
 Ethelanda, Alfred C, William, Frederick, Charlotte, andDelbert E. John F. is 
 deceased. Mr. Richards owns 134 acres of fertile land, and is a faithful adherent 
 to the principles of the Republican party. His P. O. address is Saline. 
 
 Thomas Richards, farmer, sec. 35 ; 'P. O., Milan; was born in England, 
 Sept. 17, 1835. His parents, William and Elizabeth (Sibbert) Richards, emi- 
 grated to this county in 1830. Mr. Ricliards was married in 1847, to Urania 
 Blakeslee, born in New York in 18 J9, and daughter of John and Urania Blakes- 
 lee. They have 3 children — G-eorge B-, born in 1851, and Elizabeth P., born 
 in 1855. Mr. Richards was U. S. mail agent for 13 years. He is a member of the 
 I. 0. O. F., and a Republican. He owns 63 acres of land. 
 
 (Jlark Roqers, farmer, sec. 5 ; P. O., Saline ; was born in New York, in 1813, and 
 is a son of Francis Rogers. Mr. Rogers came to Washtenaw county in 1834, lo- 
 cating in Pittstield tp. He was married in New York in 1833, to Nancy Cotton, 
 who was born in the Empire State, 1816, and is a daughter of Robert and Phoebe 
 (McNair) Cotton. The fruit of this union are 13 children, 7 of whom are 
 living — Edgar ; Mary, wife of Walter Kanouse, of York tp. ; Jane, wife of John 
 Cowen; Spencer; Madaline wife of Daniel Pierce ; Hebern and William. The 
 deceased are Ira, Clarence, and 3 infants. Mr. Rogers is one of the old and 
 honored pioneers of Washtenaw county, and has done much toward improving 
 this large and prosperous county. He is Republican in politics. 
 
 /. E. Rogers, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 6, was born in New York, June 30, 
 1836, and is a son of Clark and Nancy (Carpenter) Rogers, natives of New York, 
 who came to this county in 1834. Mr. Rogers was married Sept. 39, 1858, to 
 Hattie Parsons, born in New York Aug. 9, 1839, and is a daughter of John and 
 Harriet J. Parsons, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of New 
 York. They came to this county in 1836. Of the 4 children born to this un- 
 ion, 3 are living— Bert E., born Feb. 37, 1869 ; Ollie M., born July 10, 1871, 
 and Linnie A., born March 13, 1879. Carrie was born, May 15, 1866, and died 
 Aug. 34, 1869. Mr. Rogers is among the more energetic and enterprising citizens 
 of the county. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, and he and wife are 
 members of the M. E. Church. Mrs. Rogers' father is deceased, and her mother 
 resides with them, on their farm of 160 acres. Mr. Rogers deals extensively in 
 stock, and especially sheep, of which he always has from 300 to 400 head. 
 
 Ransom Salsbury, farmer, sec. 10, York tp., was born in Greene Co., N.Y., May 
 31, 1834. His parents were Matthew and Esther (Leslie) Salsbury, the former a 
 native of Pennsylvania, of English descent, and the latter a native of New York, of 
 Irish descent. They emigrated to this county in 1839, locating at Woodruff's 
 Grove, now called Ypsilanti. The father was a carpenter, and was kept busy at 
 his trade for several years. He built the greater portion of the first mills erected 
 in that part of the county. He had 10 children, of whom Ransom was the 9th. 
 He was reared on a farm, receiving but a limited education. He was married 
 
YORK TONWSHIP. 1435 
 
 Dec. 32, 1850, to Margaret S. Throop, who was born in Canada, June 24, 1838, and 
 daughter of Eli and Mary (Galloway) Throop, who came to this county in 1836. 
 Two years later they removed to Hillsdale county, Mich. They were married Feb. 
 4, 1811. The father was born Aug. 16, 1787, and died Dec. 11, 1846; the mother 
 was born June 13, 1788, and died Oct. 9, 1868. Five children have been given 
 to Mr. and Mrs. Salsbury, 3 of whom are living — Franklin J., born Aug. 31, 
 1854, was married in 1878. to Mary Crane; Fred. A.., born Aug. 34, 1860, and Lee 
 R., born Nov. 6, 1869. Florence E. was born May 8, 1853, and died Sept. 17, 
 1854, and Kittle was born Jan. 13, 1857, and lived but 10 days. Mr. Salsbury 
 and wife have also taken 3 girls to raise, one of whom, Helen D., is the wife 
 of H. S. Belden, of Ohio. The others are deceased. Mr. Salsbury has filled 
 different tp. offices, and politically is a member of the Republican party. He has 
 been very successful iu life, and owns at present 160 acres of excellent farm land. 
 
 Christian G. Saagree, farmer, sec. 22; P. O., Saline; was born in Pennsylvania 
 Sept. 14, 1839, son of Jacob and Anna (Shelby) Sangree. They came to this 
 county in 1853. Mr. Sangree was married in Orange county, N. Y., Oct. 19, 1851, 
 to Harriet Burnham, born in this county Dec. 34. 1834, and daughter of Allen E. 
 and Olive (Harrison) Burnham, the former of whom was killed by lightning in 
 1831. Mrs. Burnham is still living and resides with her daughter. Pour chil- 
 dren have been given to this union, 3 of whom survive — "Wayne, born Sept. 17, 
 1853; Mary A., born Aug. 23, 1868, and Ettie O, born Oct. 11, 1870. Mr. San- 
 gree has been elected to several tp. offices, and is a member of Masonic Lodge, No. 
 33, at Saline. Himself and wife are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 George A. Shaw, farmer on sec. 19 ; P. O., York ; was born in Washtenaw county 
 in 1843, and is a son of William and Electa (Miller) Shaw, the former a native of 
 England, and the latter of New York. They emigrated to this county in 1830, 
 where the former died in 1858, and the latter in 1853. Mr. Shaw was married in 
 1867 to Almira C. McBride, who was born in New York in 1840 They have no 
 children but an adopted child — Vade L., who was born in 1869. Mr. Shaw is a 
 member of the Masonic fraternity,' and a prominent farmer of York tp. He owns 
 130 acres of land. 
 
 George W. Shaw, farmer, sec. 19, was born in Washtenaw county in 1852, and is 
 a son of Robert and Eliza Shaw, natives of Eugland. Mr. Shaw was married 
 Oct. 31, 1874. to Sarah 31artin, who was born in New York Sept. 30, 1850, and 
 daughter of Myron and Harriet M. Martin, natives of New York. Mr. Shaw's 
 father is a prominent farmer of Saline tp., and an old and honored pioneer of Wash- 
 tenaw cormty. 
 
 Thomas Shaio, farmer, sec. 31, was born in England July 31, 1811, and his parents 
 were Joseph and Mary Shaw. Mr. Shaw emigrated to America in 1880, and settled 
 in York tp.. where he" has since resided. He was married in 1843 to Ann Throop, 
 a native of Canada. Of the 7 children born to them 3 are living— Sophia T., wife 
 of Vol. Davenport ; ilinnie L., wife of Prank Olds, and Effie M. Mrs. Shaw's 
 parents came to this county in 1837. Mr. Shaw and wife are members of the Bap 
 list Church, and he is a Republican. He owns 120 acres of land. 
 
 Robert E. Stansfteld, farmer, sec 17, was born in Vermont, Dec. 19, 1854, and is 
 a son of Edwin and Hannah (Kinworthy) Stansfield, natives of England, who 
 came to this country in 1S50. Mr. Stansfield was married at Saline, Mich., in 
 1876, to Adelaide Tolland. They have no children. Mr. Stansfleld's father is a 
 woolen manufacturer, and Robert worked at that business for four years. He is 
 farming at the present time, and owns 120 acres of fertile land. 
 
 Jesse Warner, farmer, sec 31, was born in New York, April 30, 1837. His par- 
 ents Jesse and Margaret Warner, natives of Ontario Co., N., Y., emigrated to this 
 county in 1835, locating on sec. 31, York tp., where the latter died September, 
 1849, and the former, April, 1861. Mr. Warner was married April 13, 1853, to 
 Mary E. Wilcox, born in 1835, daughter of Daniel E. and Mary Wilcox, who came 
 to Washtenaw county in 1835. They have 3 children— Helen E., born Dec. 30, 
 1854, wife of William Gauntlett; Delia, born in 1861, and Ada L. born March 31, 
 1865. Mr Warner is the present Supervisor of York tp., which office he has ac- 
 ceptably filled for five years. He owns 144 acres of well-improved land, valued 
 at $60 per acre. Politically he is Democratic. 
 
 Edwin D. Webb, farmer, sec. 30, was born in New York, Nov. 1, 1830. His par 
 ents Pascal and Linna (Monk) Webb, emigrated to this county in 183o. Mr. 
 Webb was married in 1857, to Mary A. Kanouse, who was born in New Jersey in 
 July, 1839. They have 3 children— Milton H., born April 34, 1859, and Ottie M., 
 
 83 
 
1436 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 born Feb. 19, 1873. Mr. Webb has beld several positions of honor and trust in 
 York tp., and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Himself and wife are mem- 
 bers of the M. E. Church. Mr. Webb owns 80 acres of fertile land. 
 
 Revben TTesi/aW, farmer, sec. 36, was born in Livingston Co., Mich., Jan. 18, 
 1846, son of Levi and Lydia (Burgess) Westfall. Mr. Westfall moved to this 
 county in 186'3, and was married in Lenawee Co., Mich., in 1867, to Mary E. Cook, 
 who was born April 27,1846, daughter of Hiram and Catherine Cook, natives of 
 New York and early settlers in Lenawee county. They have 2 children — Irena, 
 born Oct. 8, 1868, and Luella C, born Sept. 25, 1878. Mr. Westfall owns 172 acres 
 of good land, and deals extensively in sheep. He believes in the principles as 
 set forth by the Democratic party. 
 
 James W. Waugh. farmer, sec. 31, was born in Vermont Sept. 1, 1816. His parents 
 were Nathaniel and Mary Waugh, the former a natiye of Vermont, and the latter 
 of New Hampshire. They came to this county in 1833. He was married in Ver- 
 mont in 1837, to Abigail Phillips, who was born in New York, December, 1823. Two 
 children were born to this marriage — Sarah A. , wile of Albert Warner, of this county, 
 and Nancy, a resident of Livingston Co., Mich. Mrs. Waugh died in 1847, and in 
 1849 Mr. W. married Mrs. Rhoda Stone, who was born in New York in 1823. She 
 had 2 children by her first marriage — William I. and Francis E. Mrs. Waugh is 
 a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Waugh is a firm believer in the doctrines of 
 the universal salvation of all mankind, and Democratic in politics. 
 
 Lewis A. Wilcox, farmer, was born in this county Jan. 5, 1843. His parents were 
 Alexander and Alvira A. (Sherman) Wilcox, the former of whom came to Michi- 
 gan in October, 1834, and located 120 acres of land on sees. 2.5 and 26. He died 
 Oct. 18, 1875. Two children were born to tliem — Lewis, and Addie, who was born 
 Jan. 9, 1858, and married March 28, 1877, to Alva R. Dexter. Lewis was raised on 
 a farm, and Feb. 12, 1863, married Louisa J. Fox, a native of Niagara Co., N. Y. 
 Four children were given them, 1 of whom survives — Clara B., who was born 
 December 34, 1863. Hiram A., Addie, and an infant are deceased. Mr. Wilcox 
 owns 80 acres of land on sees. 6 and 35, valued at $65 per acre. Heis'a member of 
 the I. O. O. F. 
 
 Henry Young (deceased) was born Jan. 16, 1794, in New Jersey. He learned the 
 tailor's trade in the city of New York, from which place he went to his native place. 
 Afterward he went to West Meriden, Monroe Co., N. Y. He joined the war of 
 1812 just before its close, being in the service only three months. He married Miss 
 Mary Scramlin Dec. 21, 1817, who was born Feb. 20, 1802, near the Honeoye Falls, in 
 Meriden, Monroe Co., N. Y. He came to Michigan in the spring of 1833, bought 
 some land in sec. 36, town of York, this county, where he lived until his death, 
 Dec. 38, 1863. He built a log house and chopped the timber on four acres. Then 
 he went East for his family. Aug. 19, the same year, they started again for Michi- 
 gan. At Rochester he took passage on a canal boat for Buffalo, whence he sailed 
 for Detroit on the Sheldon Thornpaon. They had a very rough voyage. The boat 
 sprung a leak which put the fire out, and every man had to take his turn at the 
 pumps to save the boat from sinking. They managed to run into Cleveland for 
 repairs ; then went on to Detriiit. There was a very sick time on the boat, scarcely 
 well ones enough to care for the sick. They came from Detroit to Saline with a 
 team, taking four days to accomplish the journey. In about two weeks from the 
 time of starting from their home in the East they reached their honre m the West. 
 After getting his goods they went to housekeeping in the wilderness. There was 
 no family except a bachelor brotber, whose land joined within two miles. After a 
 year or two the country was settled very rapidly. 
 
 He raised a large family of children, 6 of whom are now living — Franklin was 
 born Aug. 38, 1824, and now lives in Saginaw county; Francis, born Dec. 38,1838, 
 who Uves on a part of the old homestead ; Helen J. was born Nov. 13, 18.8, married 
 James Lawrence, Nov. 14, 1850, and lives in the town of York, this county ; Janet 
 was born Dec. 11, 1830, and married Nathan Stewart, of London, Monroe county, 
 where they now reside; Caroline, was born April 12, 1835, and married Jonathan 
 Atkinson, of Raisinville, Monroe county, where they now reside ; Ardella was born 
 April 3, 1840, and married Andrew Braman ; they live in Milan, this county. Mrs. 
 Young died at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. James Lawrence, Nov. 25, 1876. 
 
 They attended the M. E. Church when they first came to Michigan; their nearest 
 meeting place was at Ypsilanti, a distance of 12 miles. It sometimes took two days 
 to go, as they had to go with ox teams. He was no hunter, but the first year he 
 came to Michigan he used to stand on the run-ways and kill deer. One evening he 
 shot an old stag, then went to cut his throat and in their struggle he came very rear 
 losing his life. As for privations he had none worth mentioning, as he had some 
 money tliiit he :cceivc'd for his fnrm in New York State. 
 
AUGUSTA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 It has been stated emphatically by many of the surviving pioneen 
 that Andrew Muir was the first settler in the district now knowr 
 as the township of Augusta. He built the first fire ever lighted bj 
 an American citizen in that portion of the wilderness, and also tht 
 first log house ever erected in that section of the county. The pio 
 neer frame house was that built by the Bennett family in 1836, th< 
 second by Josiah Childs, and the frame buildings of Markham anc 
 Lawrence immediately after. The first saw-mill was erected ii 
 1831-'32 by Asa Redding and David Hardy, who located a water 
 power on the East Monroe road, near Oakville, Monroe county 
 The Smith saw-mill, located in section 28, was subsequently pu 
 in operation, and in this manner the nucleus of the township man 
 ufacturing industries was formed. 
 
 SECULAK AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION. 
 
 In 1833 the settlers erected a log school-house on section 3, whicl 
 they dignified with the title of " District School No. 1." This es 
 tablishment was presided over by the first school-teacher, Richarc 
 Gorton, and answered all the educational requirements of the tim( 
 in that township. The first district school was not organized un 
 til 1839, although the school-building was erected in 1838. Wha 
 a change has taken place! Now the well-built school-houses are nu 
 merous, and the system of education well adapted. The town hal 
 is a neat building and stands near the southwest angle of section 15 
 and cost about $1,500. The workings of the Church have alsi 
 changed since the time when Ralph Fisk was accustomed to call hi 
 friends together and join with them in quiet prayer. The Fresby 
 terian congregation, organized in September, 1833, erected ; 
 church in 1835. Rev. Mr. Boughton was the first regular preache 
 to this congregation, and it was he who preached the dedicator 
 sermon. The Methodist and Congregational Churches have beei 
 added to the list in later days, so that in this respect the people ar 
 well provided for. 
 
 THE HARDt MURDER. 
 
 Tliis was enacted under the most mysterious auspices. The pic 
 
 neer settler was returning to his home, and was in the act of placin, 
 
 his horses in the stable, when he fell beneath the blows of an en 
 
 sassin. 
 
 (1437) 
 
1438 HISTOET OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 THE WILD -CAT DAYS. 
 
 In the early times, when an uncertain paper currency circulated' 
 throughout the land, the people of Augusta did not exceed their 
 fellow citizens in other districts in prudence. The issue of the wild- 
 cat banks found its way into their hands, and for a period every- 
 thing flourished in the quick motion and the new strength it infused 
 into the people; but failing to continue its beneficial career, as all 
 things unsound do fail, many of the people were plunged into financial 
 ruin, from which a few of them never recovered. Others by their 
 courage rather than their craft survived the crash of wild-catism, 
 and are now among the most prosperous inhabitants of the county. 
 In dealing with Ypsilanti township, of which Augusta once formed 
 a part, the very insecure banking system of the past is referred to. 
 
 PENDMBEA. 
 
 Andrew Muir is said to be the first settler; but there is a faint sha- 
 dow of probability that James Miller, who made a settlement near 
 Stony Creek in 1829, may be the owner of the honor — he who founded 
 the village of Stony Creek— and to him is accorded the honor of be- 
 ing the father of Andrew Miller, said to be the first white child 
 born in the district. To obtain the seed for a garden of a few rods 
 in extent which he intended planting with potatoes, he had to trav- 
 erse the marsh for a distance of 18 miles, when he reached Tessabik 
 or Flat Rock, procured the seedlings, and returning, planted them 
 around the stumps which decorated the little garden. 
 
 THE FIEST POSTOFFICE 
 
 was established as early as 1832 at Wejinigan-sibi, or Paint Creek. 
 The mail stage between Monroe and Ypsilanti passed that way at 
 irregular intervals, never failing, however, to transfer a mail packet 
 into the care of David Hardy, the owner of the office and 
 first postmaster in the town. This little building stood on the 
 spot where Josiah Childs subsequently built his dwelling-house 
 and now resides. 
 
 THE FIEST AND ONLY EOBBEEY 
 
 was that of March, 1878, when Township Treasurer Augustus 
 Phelps was despoiled of $400; and after being subjected to very se- 
 vere treatment at the hands of the burglars, was discovered in an 
 unconscious condition by his mother. The perpetrators of this out- 
 rage were evidently strangers in the township, as no clue whatever 
 could be obtained regarding their names or whereabouts. 
 
 • 
 
AUGUSTA TOWNSHIP. 143!: 
 
 ORGANIC. 
 
 The organization of Augusta into a separate township was car- 
 ried out in April, 1836, under authority of the following act, 
 passed by the Territorial Legislative Council, and approved Jan- 
 uary, 1836: 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of BepreaentatiMS of the State of Michigan 
 That all that portion of the county of' Washtenaw designated by the United 
 States survey as township 4 south, of range 7 east, be, and tlie same is. 
 hereby set oflf and organized into a separate township by the name of Augusta, anc 
 the first township meeting therein shall be held at ,the dwelling-house of Aaror 
 Childs in said township. 
 
 The election was held in accord with the spirit of the act at th( 
 house of JVIr. Childs .resulting in the election of Stephen Meade as 
 first supervisor, and Aaron Childs as township clerk. From the or 
 ganization of the county to that date it formed a portion of Ypsilant: 
 township; For over 40 years the highest political honors in the 
 power of the township inhabitants to confer was bestowed largely 
 upon the Childses, Howards, and Alcotts. The names of the old 
 settlers are found propping up annually the record of the officials. 
 
 PHYSICAL CHARACTEEISTIOS. 
 
 The township of Augusta has long since passed from the con- 
 dition of a vast, untenanted timber marsh land into that of a beau- 
 tiful field of grain and grass. The great labors of the pioneers have 
 been the first cause in the attainment of this result. They who 
 cleared the land of its heavy forests were, perhaps unknowingly, 
 the great drain-makers; for it is said, and with truth, that every 
 clearance eflfected in the forest lowers the waters in the neighbor- 
 hood, by permitting the atmosphere to play its full part as an ab- 
 sorber. The water courses, known as Paint creek, which runs 
 through the heart of the township from north to south, and Stony 
 creek with its main tributary, Sugar creek, which may be said tc 
 spread in every direction through the western half of the town, aided 
 the efibrts of the early cultivators, so that by the combined efiorts 
 of industry and nature, another tract of land was converted from its 
 primitive state into one of the richest agricultural divisions oJ 
 Washtenaw. The new railroad was completed toward the close ol 
 1880, and forms a most beneficial industrial characteristic of the 
 town. 
 
 AGEICULTURAL EESOUKCES. 
 
 The township of Augusta possesses the smallest area of improved 
 lands of all the political divisions of the county. Of 13,042 acres 
 under fence, 7,129 are under cultivation and about 5,913 used as 
 pasture. The entire number of farms is set down at 142, which 
 -would give an average acreage of 91.85 to each farm. 
 
1440 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 The number of acres reported sown in wheat in May, 1880, was 
 1,833. This compares very favorably with the advances made in 
 this direction in 1879. Daring that year 1,340 acres yielded 29,- 
 703 bushels, averaging 22.17 bushels per acre. The corn-fields com- 
 prised 1,235 acres, producing 104,380 bushels, and the acreage of 
 oats, 679, yielding 31,182 bushels. The acreage of clover was 122, 
 producing 243 bushels of seed; that under potatoes 80, yielding 
 8,840 bushels; while the 1,095 acres given up to pasture and meadow 
 lands showed a product of 2,062 tons of hay. Evidently what 
 this little township has lost in extent of improvements has been 
 amply repaid by the fertility of its soil. 
 
 OHUECHES. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Stony Creek was organized Oct. 
 25, 1833. Previous to this date religious meetings had been held 
 with considerable regularity for several years in school-houses and 
 private dwellings, the services for the most part being conducted 
 without ministerial assistance. In these the ladies took a promi- 
 nent part. Sermons were frequently read by Mrs. George Mc- 
 D.ougall and others. 
 
 The formal exercises of organization were held in the school-house 
 in Pittsfield, situated in what is now known as the Crittenden dis- 
 trict, by Rev. Ira M. Wead and Rev. John Beach, delegates from 
 the Presbytery of Detroit. The following persons constituted the 
 original membership: Deacon Mason Hatfield and Azubah Crit- 
 tenden, his wife; Cyrenius I. Dewey and Beulah his wife; Allen 
 Crittenden and Emily Reed, his wife; Daniel "W. Russell and Cor- 
 nelia Miller, his wife; Henry Albright and Catharine Miller, his 
 wife; Elisha Pratt 'and Sarah, his wife; George McDougall and 
 Mary Muir, his wife; Coon Redner, Alva Pratt, Mrs. Gitty Miller, 
 and Misses Luna Dewey, Lucinda Rowley and Mary Wickham. 
 Mason Hatfield and Cyrenius I. Dewey were the first elders, the 
 former being also elected deacon . 
 
 The Church society was organized Feb. 10, 1835, Coon Redner, 
 Rodrick Rowley and Alva Pratt serving as the original trustees and 
 Cyrenius I. Dewey as clerk. The same year (1835) the original 
 church building, a log structure, was erected by Ebenezer Giles, 
 for the sum of $75, on land owned by James Pierson, sr., west 
 of the road, nearly opposite the present church. The com- 
 modious brick building now in use was constructed in the year 
 1845. At its dedication Rev. Justin Marsh preached the sermon, 
 the choir being led by Mr. RoUo. The parsonage house was put 
 up in 1849. In 1871 the church building was repaired, reseated 
 and re-dedicated. Prof Estabrook, of Ypsilanti, preaching. 
 
 The first minister who had charge of the Church was Rev. Mr. 
 Boughton. He was succeeded by the following line of pastors, — 
 Rev. E. B. Emerson, Rev. Oliver Hill, Rev. Justin Marsh, Rev. 
 Aianson Scofield, Rev. Seth Hardy, R<3v. Henry Bates, Rev. Nor- 
 
AUGUSTA T0WK5HIP. 144: 
 
 man Kellogg, Rev. "Wm. H. Piatt, Rev. E. P. Goodrich, Rev 
 Mills Gelston, and Rev. W. H. Blair. In addition to these Revs 
 Messrs. Worthington, Wead, Jewshaw, Ellis, Gelston, and Prof 
 Joseph Estabrook have supplied the pulpit for short intervals. 
 
 In recent years the Church has numbered above a hundrec 
 members. The existing eldership is composed of Franklin C. Crit- 
 tenden, Nathan Reed, David Gordner, and John K. Campbell; the 
 following are at present trustees: Newton E. Crittenden, Peter D, 
 Rogers, W. P. Olcott, and ^Y. M. Dansingburg. 
 
 A prosperous Sunday-school has been maintained from the first. 
 Deacon Alva Pratt being superintendent for a long term of years 
 and Mr. F. C. Crittenden more recently filling that position. Ol 
 the Sunday-school teachers Mrs. Peter Dansingburg, lately deceased, 
 held a conspicious place for about 40 years. 
 
 This Church has enjoyed a good name for musical ability and 
 culture. Successful singing schools, musical conventions, and con- 
 certs have been common in its history, while the choir has famished 
 singers for other places. These results have been due in large 
 measure to the unflagging, perseverance of Mr. David Gordner, who 
 has been in charge of the singing for nearly 30 years. 
 
 The First C ongregaoional Church and Society of Augusta. — 
 This society was organized according to statute March 9, 1854, then 
 consisting of 13 members, as follows: David Hardy, Christopher 
 Howard, J. "Webster Childs, A. Jackson Stitt, Josiah Childs, Ste- 
 phen D. Hardy, Peter Tyler, John W. Flower, Calvin M. Lowe, 
 Samuel J. Yiall, John Russ, jr., Spencer Russ, Osmer A. Law- 
 rence. 
 
 At the same meeting the following persons were elected Trustees: 
 J. Webster Childs, Christopher Howard, John W. Flower, Stephen 
 T. Hardy, Calvin M. Lowe, Josiah Childs. These trustees were 
 immediately instructed to raise money by subscription and otiier- 
 wise for the purpose of providing a house of worship and procur- 
 ing a site on which to erect the same. The trustees met the same 
 day, elected its officers — C. Howard as chairman and J. Webster 
 Childs as clerk — the last named having held the same office con- 
 tinuously up to the present. The trustees proceeded at once and 
 selected a site on the East Monroe road, section 22, made a contract 
 with John W. Flower for the erection of a frame building 32x48 
 feet, which was finished the following season at an expense of about 
 $1,300. The lot (one acre) on which the church was erected was 
 presented to the society by Wm. Jarvis, of Ypsilanti. The build- 
 ing was dedicated soon after being finished, in March, 1855. the 
 sermon being preached by the Rev. Dr. Kitchell, of Detroit. 
 
 The First Congregational Church of Augusta was organized in 
 connection with said society, on April 18, 1854, consisting of the 
 following members: Josiah Childs, Alva Raymond, Joseph Talcott, 
 J. Webster Childs, Calvin M. Lowe, Louisa Childs, Mary A. Ray- 
 mond, Priscilla Talcott, Lucy A. H. Childs, Mary E. Lo"r, 
 Jeanette Stitt, Hannah Viall, Eunice L. Keeler. The Church w.u 
 
1442 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 organized by a council of ministers and delegates from surround- 
 ing Churches, Rev. L. Smith Hobart acting as moderator. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting of this Church, Josiah Childs and C. 
 M. Lowe were chosen deacons, J. "Webster Childs, clerk, which 
 several positions they have held ever since. 
 
 The first pastor was Eev. "Wm. Kent; those succeeding have been 
 Eevs. Michael Porter, Wm, Hall, Sam'l D.JBreed, Wm. B[.|Osborn, 
 Nath'l D. Lamphear and Wm. H. Blair. 
 
 The Sabbath-school was organized at the same time. J. Web- 
 ster Childs was chosen as superintendent, holding the same office to 
 date. There has never been a vacation in this school. It now 
 numbers about 60 members. 
 
 Adjoining the church is their cemetery ; 
 there was John Flower, in August, 1835. 
 of Church is 60. 
 
 the first to be buried 
 Present membership 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 Following is a list of the supervisors, clerks, treasurers, asses- 
 sors and justices of the peace who have served, or are now serving 
 this township. 
 
 SUPERVISORS. 
 
 Stephen Mead 1836 
 
 Aaron Aber 1837 
 
 W.B.Bradford: 1838 
 
 Stephen Mead 1839 
 
 Prince Bennett, jr 1840 
 
 Lee L. Forsyth. . . 1842 
 
 W. B. Bradford 1843 
 
 Lee L. Forsyth 1845 
 
 Christopher Howard 1847 
 
 J. Webster Childs 1852 
 
 Christopher Howard 1853 
 
 Aaron Childs 1854-5-6 
 
 Christopher Howard -1857 
 
 Aaron Childs 1858 
 
 Christopher Howard 1859 
 
 Aaron Childs 1860 
 
 J. Webster Childs 1864 
 
 Aaron Childs 1865 
 
 J. D. Olcott 1871 
 
 Aaron Childs 1874 
 
 J. D. Olcott 1875 
 
 Wm. Dansingburgh 1879 
 
 Wm. Dansingburgh 1880 
 
 Wm. Dansingburgh 1881 
 
 CLERKS. 
 
 Aaron Childs 1886 
 
 David Eaton 1837 
 
 Aaron Childs 1888 
 
 Jeduthon Baton 1839 
 
 Aaron Childs 1841 
 
 Milo Woodruff 1847 
 
 Aaron Childs 1848 
 
 Milo Woodrufi 1849. 
 
 Prince Bennett 1850 
 
 Aaron Childs 1851 
 
 Prince Bennett 1852 
 
 Calvin Stone 1856 
 
 Prince Bennett 1857 
 
 Milton Pettybone 1858 
 
 Philetus Case 1859' 
 
 Wm. G^. Shipman 1860 
 
 Thorn Dewel 1862 
 
 Leartas Brown 1865 
 
 B. P. Whittaker 1866 
 
 Thorn Dewel 1867 
 
 Chas. Eogers 1868-69 
 
 Wm. L. l5ansingburgh 1871 
 
 Thomas C. Howard 1875 
 
 Nathan Dressie 1877-78 
 
 Wm. E. Ward 1879-80 
 
 Walter L. Rogers 1881 
 
AUGUSTA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1443 
 
 TEEASUEEES. 
 
 Mil-am H. Warner 1836 
 
 Jacob J. Hainer 1837 
 
 W. H. Flower 1838 
 
 John B. Starks 1839 
 
 David Hardy 1840 
 
 Bobt. Barr 1841 
 
 John B. Starks 1842 
 
 David Hardy 1843 
 
 Joseph Bennett 1845 
 
 David Hardy 1846 
 
 Hiram Thompson 1847 
 
 LeeL. Fors3i;h 1848 
 
 John French 1849 
 
 Robt. M. Stitt 1853 
 
 JohnB. Stark 1853 
 
 Josiah Childs 1854 
 
 Lee L. Forsyth 1855 
 
 Thos. H. Shipman 1856 
 
 Joseph Bennett 1857 
 
 Thos. H. Shipman 1858 
 
 C. O. Lowe 1860 
 
 Joel S. Smith 1862 
 
 Geo. W. Bordine 1864 
 
 Peter D. Rogers 1865 
 
 Calvin M. Lowe 1867 
 
 Peter D. Rogers 1868 
 
 Josiah Childs 1871 
 
 Thos. C.Howard 1873 
 
 A.H.Phelps 1875 
 
 Wm. Webster 1878 
 
 Wm. A. Russell 1880 
 
 Robert Young 1881 
 
 ASSESSOES. 
 
 Alonzo Markham 
 
 C. G. Wait S- 1836 
 
 B. C. Wickham 
 
 B. C. Wickham 
 
 C. G.Wait \ 1837 
 
 James Miller ) 
 
 B. C. Wickham ) 
 
 Chris. Howard - 1838 
 
 Dan. Wiley ) 
 
 Chris. Howard 
 
 John Rose ]■ 1839 
 
 Stephen Mead 
 Dan'l Wiley 
 
 Joshua Fish Y 1840 
 
 John Rose 
 Dan'l Wiley 
 
 MiloWoodrufl J- 1841 
 
 Chris. Howard ) 
 
 Ezek'l Abemathy ) -.0,2 
 
 Aaron Childs f 
 
 Aaron Childs ) -j^g^g 
 
 Lee L. Forsyth j' 
 
 Lee L. Forsyth ) ^g^ 
 
 Aaron Childs f 
 
 Hiram Thompson [ j^g^g 
 
 Aaron Childs j 
 
 Hiram Thompson { ^g^g 
 
 Aaron Childs ( 
 
 Hiram Thompson [ .. 04.7 
 
 J. T. Griffin ] '■° 
 
 John Rose [ j^g^g 
 
 Aaron Childs \ 
 
 C. H. Griffin [ -^^q^q 
 
 Hiram Thompson J 
 
 Chas. H, Griffin ) -^ggQ 
 
 Hiram Thompson ) 
 
 John B. Stark ( -j^ggg 
 
 Aaron Childs f 
 
14ii 
 
 HISTOEY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 David Hardy 1836 
 
 Robt. M. Stitt 1836 
 
 Wm. Burnett 1886 
 
 Oscar Welch 1836 
 
 David Hardy 1837 
 
 Lee L. Forsyth 1838 
 
 Jeduthon Eaton 1838 
 
 Stephen Mead 1830 
 
 Robt. M. Stitt 1840 
 
 Lee L.Forsyth 1841 
 
 Christopher Howa 1841 
 
 Milo Woodruff 1848 
 
 Daniel Winer 1848 
 
 Prince Bennett 1848 
 
 Eobt. M. Stitt 1844 
 
 Prince Bennett 1844 
 
 John Rose 1844 
 
 LeeL. Forsyth 1845 
 
 Milo Woodruff 1846 
 
 John Rose 1847 
 
 John W. Flowers 1848 
 
 Prince Bennett 1849 
 
 Thos. H. Shipman 1850 
 
 John Rose 1851 
 
 John W. Flowers 1852 
 
 Milo Woodruff 1853 
 
 Calvin H. Stone 1854 
 
 Roswell Strong 18.'i4 
 
 John Rose, jr 1855 
 
 J. Webster Childs 1856 
 
 Prince Bennett 1857 
 
 Watson Barr 1857 
 
 AVatson Barr 1858 
 
 Roswell Strong 1859 
 
 Lee L. Forsyth 1860 
 
 Thorn Dewel • 1860 
 
 Thorn Dewel 186L 
 
 Watson Barr 1863 
 
 Christopher Howard 1868 
 
 S. T. Hardy 1864 
 
 Wm. Campbell 1864 
 
 John French 1864 
 
 S.T.Hardy 1865 
 
 R. H. Woodard 1866 
 
 Watson Barr 1867 
 
 Josiah Childs 1867 
 
 Wm. Losie '. 1868 
 
 Josiah Childs 1869 
 
 James Rust 1870 
 
 Watson Barr 1871 
 
 Lyman O. Rose 1872 
 
 Josiah Childs 1873 
 
 James Rust 1874 
 
 Watson Barr 1875 
 
 Thos. C. Howard 1876 
 
 Josiah Childs 1877 
 
 Lyman O. Rose 1877 
 
 John Bunton 1878 
 
 Watson Barr 1879 
 
 Geo. Moffitt 1880 
 
 Josiah Childs 1881 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 The rest of the history of this township consists of brief personal 
 sketches of some of the more prominent citizens. 
 
 George Bennett, one of the pioneers of Augusta tp., was born in Otsego Co., 
 N. Y., Nov. 18, 1821. His parents. Prince and Esther Bennett, came to this county 
 in 1831, and entered three tracts of land in sees. 2 and 3, Augusta tp. In this 
 wild region George was reared to manhood, receiving only a limited education. 
 July 4, 1849, he married Catherine A. Shannon, and the result of this union has 
 been the birth of 6 children — James H.; Ida A., wife of John Groves; Emma 
 A., wife of Charles Moore; Ada E., wife of William Cromie, and Lillie M. Mr. 
 Bennett's father assisted in the organization of Augusta township. 
 
 Rev. Prof. Oabriel Campbell is a grandson of Andrew Muir, sr., one of the 
 first settlers in Augusta tp. He was born in 1838, at Dalrymple, Ayrshire, Scot- 
 land, and is a lineal descendant of Oliver Cromwell. His father was Robert 
 Campbell, sr., who emigrated from Scotland to America in 1842, and was one of 
 the liberal contributors who secured the location of the State Normal School at 
 Ypsilanti. Six of his sons graduated from this institution of learning, which 
 was due in a great measure to the noble endeavors of their mother. Gabriel, the 
 fourth son, received his preliminary education in the district schools, and in 1856 
 entered Union school, Ypsilanti, then under the efflcient charge of Prof. Joseph 
 Estabrook. He subsequently attended the Normal school, where he spent three 
 or four years. He studi ed foreign languages in cormection with the regular 
 course, and graduated as valedictorian of the class, in 1861 . While attending 
 the Normal School, he was president of both student societies, and attracted con- 
 siderable attention by his poetical productions. In 1861 entered the sophomore 
 class of the University of Michigan, and the following year was chosen Captain 
 
AU&DSTA TOWNSHIP. 1445 
 
 of the military company, formed of both Normal and University students, and 
 known as the " Normal Company." It became Co. E, 17th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf. 
 and 100 strong, went forth in the summer of 1863 to a campaign of un- 
 blemished honor. After the retreat from Richmond, when the city of Washington 
 was threatened. Captain Campbell and "Co. C." were stationed in command of 
 the bridge over the Potomac leading to the Navy Yard, a task of extreme difflculty 
 and importance, but performed with distinguished credit. At South Mountain the 
 17th Reg. succeeded in dislodging the enemy from their stone-wall defenses, with 
 such eminent bravery, as to -win the title " Stonewall Regiment" and receive 
 from Gen. McClellan special mention and commendation in his report on the 
 conduct of the war. In 1863 Capt. Campbell was compelled to relinquish his 
 position in the army, on account of ill health, and he returned to his studies in 
 the University. At the inauguration of Class-Day celebration in the University, 
 Capt. Campbell was elected the first class poet. His poem was entitled " War 
 Pictures," giving a graphic description of experiences during the war, and met 
 with such enthusiastic reception that President Haven, in behalf of the faculty 
 and others, requested it for publication. It was issued in a handsome pamphlet, 
 a mark of distinguished appreciation which no other student of Michigan Uni- 
 versity has ytt attained. In 1865 he attended the Chicago Theological Seminary, 
 and while in Chicago taught the German language to large classes, subsequently 
 issuing "Campbell's New German Course," which was immediately introduced 
 into the schools of Chicago, and throughout the country. It has passed through 
 sever 1 editions, and had an increasing sale. Having completed his three years' 
 cours in theology, and received the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, he accepted 
 an election to the chair of mental and moral philosophy in the University of 
 Minnesota. Soon after entering the University, and in 1868, he was ordained to 
 the ministry in the Congregational Church. He has supplied pulpits with so 
 great acceptance as to receive calls, on several occasions, to the pas' orate of lead- 
 ing Churches of that denomination in this country. One sermon, " The Eternity 
 of Future Penalties," was recommended to the students of Auburn Theological 
 Seminary, as the ablest discussion extant of that profound subject. 
 
 The years 1870 and '71, Prof. Campbell spent in travel and study abroad, pur- 
 suing a full course in philosophy at the University of Berlin . While engaged 
 with his studies, he was invited by Michelet to the Philosophical Society of the 
 German capital, as a guest, and was subsequently elected a member of the Philo- 
 sophical Society of Berlin, the most distinguished body of philosophers in Europe. 
 He has published a series of Essays on Philosophy in England, Scotland, 
 and Germany, which attracted such attention as to be translated into Ger- 
 man and published in that language. During 1874 and '75, in connection 
 with his professional labors, he was editor of the Citizen, a State educational and 
 religious journal. Prof. Campbell's work in the University of Minnesota was- 
 one of uncommon popularity and power. Several years ago he was offered the 
 Presidency of that institution, which, however, he declined. This unsolicited 
 tender of the presidency of a State University is an honor as great as has hten 
 bestowed upon any of the living Alumni of Michigan University. When, in 1880,. 
 the Professor gave up his position as Vice-President and Professor in Minnesota 
 University, for a period of rest and preparation for a larger field of labor, the 
 Alumni of that institution, with one accord, protested, and secured a large addi- 
 tion to his salary in order to induce him to remain. Prof Cimpbell was married 
 in 1865, to Louise T. McMahon, second daughter of Joseph McMahon, of Man- 
 chester, Washtenaw Co., Mich. They have been blessed with 5 children. 
 
 Robert Campbell, farmer, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, Nov. 1, 180 3. 
 His parents were William and Ehzabeth Campbell. He was reared and educated 
 in Scotland. His father died June 33, 1835, and his mother and brother came to- 
 America in 1841, followed in 1843, by Robert. They came immediately to Wash- 
 tenaw Co., and purchased 160 acres of land, and afterward 80 acres more. March 
 1, 1825, he married Ann Muir, born in Scotland, Sept. 18, 1804. She emigrated 
 with her parents to America in 1829 and settled in this county. Her father built 
 the first brick chimney in Augusta township. Of their 10 children, only 6 are now 
 living— Mary, wife of William Lambie, William, Andrew, Robert, Gabriel and John 
 K. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are members of the Presbyterian Church,, the former 
 being connected with that denomination for 62 years, and the latter for 60 years. 
 In politico he is a Republican. 
 
 A portrait of :Mr. Campbell appears on page 1041 of this volume. 
 
14i6 HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Aaron Childs is one of the oldest and most respected citizens of Augusta tp. He 
 was born at Henniker,'Merrimack; Co.,*N. H., Dec. 1, 1806, and is the son of Josiah 
 and Abigail (Ward) Childs, natives of the same place. He was reared on a farm till 
 he was 17 years old, when he learned to weave woolen cloths in a factory at Peters- 
 burg. He remained there between five and six years, and then moved to Great Falls, 
 N. H., where he was engaged in this business one year. From this latter place he went 
 to Nashua; remained there a short time, thence to Chautauqua, N. Y., and a year after 
 (in 1834) emigrated to Washtenaw Co., and entered 160 acres of land on sec. 1-5, 
 subsequent additions making the farm now comprise 175 acres. Mr. C. assisted in 
 the organization of Augusta tp., the first meetiag being held at his residence, and 
 he being elected clerk at the first tp., election, which otficeihe has satisfactorily filled 
 for several terms. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors for 15 consecutive 
 years, and Postmaster at Paint Creek for a considerable length of time. In 1870 he 
 was elected a member of the State Legislature from Washtenaw Co. for one term, 
 consisting of two sessions. Politically he is a firm believer in the principles inaug- 
 erated by Andrew Jackson. On April 11, 1833, he was united in marriage to 
 Hannah F. Bemis, born in Windham Co., Vt., .July 19, 1814, and daughter of Jon- 
 athan and Lovina (Greenwood) Bemis. This union has been blessed with 9 
 children, 7 of whom are living — Jonathan W., Clerk in the Interior Department, 
 Washington, D. C. ; Lewis E., Lovina L., wife of Robert Campbell; William K,, 
 Sergeant-atrArms of the present Michigan House of Representatives ; Eugene M., 
 Alma. C. and Ella A., wife of William Osborn, of AlleganCo., Mich. Mr. Childs 
 has followed farming and stock-raising as an occupation since coming to this 
 county, and is one of the most enterprising men of " Pair Washtenaw." 
 
 Hon. J. Webster Ghilds, the youngest child of Deacon Josiah and Abigail 
 Childs, was born at Henuiker, N. H., the birth place of his parents, June 16, 1826. 
 His father closed a life of activity and usefulness at the age of 71 years; his 
 mother attained to the ripe old age of 88 years. Mr. Childs early entertained a - 
 strong desire to obtain a good education, and accordingly paid his own way through 
 school from the age of 15 years. Too close application to study impaired his 
 health, and in 1848 he removed to Michigan, locating in Augusta tp. In 1849 
 he was elected School Inspector and served in that capacity over 35 years ; in 
 1854, he joined the ranks of the Republican party, and has continued a faithful 
 and efficient member since that period. In 1850 he was elected a member of 
 the Board of Supervisors, which position he held seven years ; was Justice of the 
 Peace for one term ; in 1858 was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected 
 in 1860; has since been elected three times to the State Senate, and during his last 
 term, in 1873, was President pro tempore of that important body; in 1868 he was 
 appointed by the Board of Agriculture, and re-appointed by Gov. Bagley in 1874, 
 still occupying that position ; in 1868 he was elected President of the Farmers' 
 and Mechanics' Trade Association, of Ypsilanti, a very successful and prosperous 
 body ; at the organization of the Eastern Michigan Agricultural and Mechanical 
 Society, of Ypsilanti, in 1878, he was elected President, holding that position for 
 three years; for six years was a member of the executive committee of the State 
 Agricultural Society; in 1873 became connected with the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry, and for a term of years was chairman of the executive committee of 
 the State Grange. At the age of 15 years, he united with the Congregational 
 Church, and since 1854 has been Superintendent of the Sunday-school. Mr. 
 Childs was married Aug. 30, 1848, to Lucy A. Hubbard, who was born at Clare- 
 mont, N. H., Sept. 13, 1825. Mrs. Childs "is a lady of rare attainments, remark- 
 able business ability and bounteous hospitality" Mr. Childs has been strictly 
 temperate from childhood, and has frequently lectured on the subject of temper- 
 ance. His deep voice and profound language hold an audience spell-bound. He 
 is a man of strict integrity, high principles and fine social character. 
 
 Dr. Robert E. Douglass, jr., was born in Albany Co., N. Y., June 35, 1848, and 
 is a son of Prof. Robert E. Douglass, a Professor of considerable eminence in the 
 Albany Medical College, N. Y. He practiced medicine in Albany for 45 years, 
 and for a number of years was connected with the college. His ancestors, for six 
 generations back, were physicians. His grandfather came from Scotland. The 
 subject of this sketch commenced reading medicine with Prof. T. A. McGraw, 
 M. D.,'of Detroit, with whom he remained three years. He then attended a course 
 of lectures at Detroit Medical College, graduating June 8, 1869, He was a phy- 
 sician in Bellevue hospital, New York city, one year, then went to Saline, Mich., 
 wh( ro he practiced three years, and subsequently to Stony Creek. He holds the 
 
AUGUSTA TOAVNSHIP. 1417 
 
 position of College Physician and Surgeon in the Medical College at Buffalo, 
 N. Y. Dr. Douglass was married Aug. 4, 1870, to Emily M. Gooding, and 1 child, 
 Fred G., was born to them. ]Mrs. D. died Oct. 2, 1875, and Dr. Douglass married 
 Louisa P. Gooding, Miy 15, 1876. She died some time ago. In politics Mr. 
 Douglass is Democratic. He owns 40 acres of land in York and Augusta tps. 
 
 David Gardner, farmer, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, May 6, 1827. 
 His parents, Robert and Margaret Gardner, emigrated to America in 1831, and the 
 same -year settled in Ypsilanti,' where they still reside. Mr. G. was raised on a 
 farm, and obtained his education in the public schools. He was married Nov. 
 18, 1874, to Mary B. Phelps, born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., April 27, 1847. This 
 union has been blessed with 3 children — Ella'M., Mary E. , and Margaret E. Mr. 
 Gardner has devoted a considerable portion of his life to the study of vocal music, 
 and attended the first Normal musical convention that was assembled in the 
 United States. It convened in Dodsworth Hall, Broadway, New York city. 
 He has been chorister of Stony Creek Baptist Church for 28 years, is also a mem- 
 ber of the Church. He worked at the carpenter's trade for 10 years of his life, 
 but lately has directed his attention to agricultural pursuits, and now owns a 
 fine farm of 191 acres on sec. 5, on which, in 1875, he erected a large and hand- 
 some residence, costing him over $5,000. In politics he is a "black Republican." 
 
 Mr. Gardner's portrait is given in this volume, on page 1265. 
 
 t/ssse JTeweras (deceased) was born in Gloucester, England, October, 1804. He 
 was a shoemaker b}' trade, and in 1835 emigrated to America, and the same year 
 bought land of Government in Augusta tp. He worked at his trade for several 
 j'ears, one season being spent at Detroit, and two seasons at Ypsilanti. During 
 the summer months he followed farming. May 1, 1840, he married Jeanette 
 Campbell, and 4 children were born to them, 3 of whom are living— William, James, 
 and Jesse ; the latter married Betsey Albin, wlio was born in England, Dec. 10, 
 1863. They havel child.— John E. John Hewens (deceased), the eldest child, was 
 a soldier in Co. K, 24th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf , and died of the measles, while in 
 training camp at Springfield, 111. HewasonlylS years old at the time of his 
 death. Mr. Hewens died Nov. 23, 1876, aged 72 years, and his wife followed him 
 Oct. 18, 1880. 
 
 Samuel Mason, one of the pioneers of Augusta tp., was born in Yorkshire, Eng- 
 land, June 3, 1800, and was a son of Thomas and Hannah Mason. Samuel passed 
 his early life on a farm, and cultivated a taste for horticulture, which proved of 
 great value to him in after years. At the age of 19 he commenced the life of a 
 gardener, and continued it nine years. Nov. 23, 1823, he married Ann Barton, 
 born in Yorkshire, England, July 29, 1802, and daughter of Richard and Hannah 
 Barton. Eight children were born to them. Six suiwive, namely : James, , a 
 lumber merchant of Toledo, Ohio; Hannah, wife of Henry Flowers; Richard, 
 Henry, the two latter residents of Wyandotte. Mich.; George, and Eliza J., wife 
 of Melvin Osborn. John (deceased) was a soldier in Co. E, 17th Reg. Mich. Vol. 
 Inf, and died in August, 1871, from disease contracted in the service. Mr. Mason 
 came to America in 1831, and to Washtenaw county about seven years later. 
 While a resident of Detroit, he was employed as gardener to the lamented Gov. 
 Cass. He bought 80 acres of ground on sec. 26, Augusta tp., and subsequent 
 additions have increased it to 160 acres of w-ell-improved land. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Mason have survived the hardships incident to pioneer life, and at present I'eside 
 in one of the most prosperous counties in the " Wolverine State." Mr. Mason is 
 a Democrat. 
 
 Hiram McCarty, an old pioneer of this county, was born near Saratoga Springs, 
 N. Y., Oct, 16, 1803, son of William and Zilpha McCarty, natives of the same 
 place. When Hiram was small his parents removed to the vicinity of Toronto, 
 Canada West, where he was reared till of age. His education was obtained in 
 the common school of Canada. In 1838 he removed to this county, and purchased 
 160acresof land in Augusta tp., which he still occupies. This land was covered 
 with timber, and a thick growth of under-brush, but Mr. M. went resolutely to 
 work and cleared it all off, with the exception of 30 acres. He was married Jan. 15, 
 1838, to Sarah Hall, who has been the mother of 10 children, 7 of whom are living 
 —Margaret, wife of Nelson Burkee; Hiram, Wellington, Eliza J., Sarah, Sabina, 
 wife of Monmouth Miller, and Levi. William, Joseph, and Perrv are deceased. 
 Mrs. McCarty departed this life July 3, 1860. Oct.. 16, 1867, he was married to Mrs. 
 Sarah Ensley, widow of William Ensley, deceased, and born in England, May 37, 
 1808. She is the daughter of Francis and Sarah Prince, natives of the same conn- 
 
1448 HISTORY OE WASHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 try. Mr. McCarty's father was Captain of militia in tlie war of 1S13, and born at 
 ttie time his father was fighting in the battle of Ticonderoga, in the Revolutionary 
 war. Mr. C. is the possessor of a quarter sec. of well-improved land on sec. 9. He 
 is a Republican. 
 
 George Moffltt, farmer, Augusta tp., was born in Worcester county, Mass., Feb. 
 16, 1837. His parents, Horace and Phoebe Moffltt, removed to Monroe, Mich., in 
 1836. His father was a saddler and harness-maker by trade, and died at Akron, 
 O., in May, 1878, aged 78 years. Mrs. Moffltt died in July, 1876, aged 76 years. 
 George passed his early life in Monroe, obtaining his education in the public 
 schools. His occupation is farming and dealing in lumber. He owns a saw-mill 
 on sec. 28, and 40 acres of land on sees. 28 and 33. He was married March 30, 
 1848, to Tirzah Rose, born in Yates Co., N.Y., August, 1838, and daughter of John 
 and Matilda Rose, natives of New Hampshire. They have 3 children — Horace, 
 who married Ellen Sunbury ; William, husband of Ida Vanderwaker, and Clara, 
 wife of Joseph Boltz, Wayne Co., Mich. Mr. Moffltt is a Democrat, and has filled 
 the office of Justice of the Peace for six terms. 
 
 Andrew B Mimey, Augusta tp., was born near Montezuma, N. Y.,Aug. 36,1836. 
 His parents, John and Phcebe Mmzey, located in Augusta tp., in April, 1838. In 
 this wild, yet beautiful region, Andrew was reared from the tender years of youth 
 to the sterner scenes of manhood, and beheld many strange and wonderful sights 
 during this time. He well remembers the first time he went to Ypsilanti, for he 
 saw a band of 400 Indians, who but a few years before were the only inhabitants 
 of Washtenaw county. One summer evening when only 10 years old, he was 
 driving home the cows, when suddenly they stopped and started into the forest. 
 He looked forward and saw a huge black bear standing on his haunches in the 
 center of the path, but when he saw young Minzey, he slowly moved from his 
 position and returned to the forest. On Dec. 81, 1854, Mr. Minzey married Mary 
 Fullerton. the birth of 3 children being the result of this union, 3 of whom are 
 living — Ella B. and Daniel E. Phojbe E. (deceased) departed this life June 13, 
 1862. Mrs. Minzey was born in Monroe county, N. Y., Apiil 23, 1835, and is a 
 daughter of John and Caroline Fullerton, the former a native of England, and the 
 latter a native of New York. Mr. M. now owns a fine farm of 300 acres on sec. 
 30, surmounted by a handsome residence. Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 John Minzey, an early settler in Augusta tpi., was born in Albany, N. Y., April 
 4, 1800. His parents, Duncan and Jeanette Minzey, were natives of Scotland, and 
 emigrated to America in 1798, fettling in Montgomery county, N. Y. John was 
 reared on a farm and educated at the district schools. On March 23, 1830, he 
 married Phcebe Avery, and )2 children were born to them, 8 of whom are living 
 — William, Duncan, Andrew B., Redner, Allen, Martha J., Phoebe A. and Jeanette, 
 wife of Jacob E. Leaser. Mr. Minzey came to Washtenaw county in May, 1833, 
 and entered 80 acres of land on sees. 7 and 8, Augusta tp. He built a log cabin 
 which was without windows and doors till the leaves began to fall in the autumn. 
 When Mr. Minzey arrived in this county he had only one dollar in money, and 
 was first employed as a farm hand, receiving 20 bushels of wheat per month, this 
 cereal being worth 50 cents per bushel. He has worked long and earnestly, and 
 the results of his labors are seen in the fine farm he possesses, with a good resi- 
 dence, and all the conveniences necessary to make home comfortable and happy. 
 He was one of the organizers of Augusta tp., and aided in building its first school- 
 houses. Mrs. Minzey died March 15, 1875. Politically, Mr. M. is a faithful ad- 
 herent to Democratic principles. 
 
 Charles Rogers was born in Augusta, Jan. 13, 1842. His parents, Andrew and 
 Christiana Rogers, were natives of Seneca Co., N, Y., and emigrated to Augusta 
 tp. in the spring of 1832, where he entered 160 acres of land on sec. 8. He first 
 erected a rude dwelling, and then resolutely went to work to clear the forest 
 surrounding his new home. By incessant and laborious efforts, he finally cleared 
 the land, and on Jan. 25, 1808, his soul went back to its Maker. He had lived 
 65 years on this earth, the greater part of it being spent in pioneer labors. His 
 companion through the rough and thorny path of life died in June, 1876, aged 
 nearly 70 years. Charles passed his early life on a farm, and was educated in 
 the tfnion school of Ypsilanti. He was married Dec. o, 1866, to Marj' A. Wood- 
 ard, who was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., Nov. 23, 1843. Her parents, Richard 
 H. and Amanda E. Woodard, came to Washtenaw Co. in 1864, but now reside in 
 Grand Traverse Co., Mich. In politics Mr. Rogers is a supporter of Democratic 
 doctrines. He has held the office of Township Clerk two terms. His farm, a 
 portion of the old homestead, is situated on sees. 8 and 16, and is finely improved. 
 WiUiam Siiiidersoii is one o{ the fe-w surviving pioneers who first set foot in 
 
HISTOEY OF WASHTKNAW COUNTY. liid 
 
 Augusta and laid the foundation on which was built the churches, school-houses 
 business and agriculture, that is now enjo3'ed by the inhabitants of that section 
 of "Washtenaw Co. He was born in Franl^lin Co., Mass., July 39, 1809. His 
 parents, William and Mary Sanderson, were natives of Massachusetts. 3Ir. 
 Sanderson came to "Washtenaw Co. in 1830, and settled near Ypsilanti. In 1833 
 he removed to Augusta tp,, entering 40 acres of land on sec. 11, where he has 
 since resided. Dec. 17, 1835, he married Catherine Flowers, born March 7, 1817, 
 and daughter of "William and Lodemia Flowers. Five children have been born, 
 to them, 3 of whom are living, namely: "William "E., who married Annetta 
 Beckley, and George "W., husband of Miriam Bennett, t Miriam, Charles H. and 
 Lyman, are deceased ; the latter enlisting in Co. A, 4th Reg. Mich. Cav., and died 
 of small-pox at Louisville, Ky., hospital Feb. 23, 1864, aged 31. He had served 
 only one year and a half for his country, when that fatal disease carried him off. 
 Mr. Sanderson and wife are members of the Free Methodist Church, and politi- 
 cally he is a Republican. 
 
 A. B. Shay was born in "Washington Co., N. Y., Sept. 11, 1805. His parents 
 were John and Lucy Shay, natives of New "i'ork. Mr. Shay passed his early life 
 and manhood on a farm, receiving a good common-school education. He came 
 to Augusta tp., "Washtenaw Co., Mich., in June, 1836. He entered 80 acres of 
 land near Lansing, subsequently selling it and purchasing in Augusta tp. "While 
 a native of New "York, on Oct. 3, 1834, he married Polly Ambrose, and 4 children 
 were given to him — Mary A., widow of Monroe Smith (dec.) who enlisted in Co. 
 D, 27th Mich. "Vol.'Inf , Jan. 3, 1863, and received the fatal bullet at the battle of 
 the "Wilderness on May 6, 1864. He was buried on the field, and is numbered 
 with the heroic dead. The other children are — Lucy, wife of Buncan JNIinzey; 
 John and James "W. Mrs. Shay was born Aug. 88, 1799, and was a daughter of 
 James and Hannah Ambrose. She departed this life Nov. 8, 1880, at the ripe 
 old age of 81 years. Mary A., the eldest daughter, has 3 sons — "William W. and 
 Joseph M. Their father they never knew. Mr. Shay's father was a soldier in 
 the Continental army under Gen. "Washington. 
 
 Harmon Vedder was born in Orleans C~o., N. Y., June 3, 1826. His parents, 
 Philip and Mary Vedder, were natives of Schenectady Co., N. Y., where the 
 former was born Dec. 3, 1788, and the latter March 31, 1798. They removed to 
 Orleans Co., N. Y., in 1818, where Mrs. Vedder died. In 1833 Mr. V. married 
 again, and a year later came to "Washtenaw county, locating in Augusta tp. He 
 bought 160 acres of land, built a cabin, and moved into it. He was one of the or- 
 ganizers of Augusta tp., and attended every election and town meeting, except 
 one, from the first until the time of his death. He was also a prominent leader in 
 the organization of the M. E. Church societies, and was a " substantial pillar," and 
 ardent worker in that body, until the last. He died Dec. 15, 1879. Harmon was 
 reared on a farm, and July 3, 1851, married Elizabeth Mudge. They have 4 chil- 
 dren — Lewis H. , husband of Emma Holt; Mary M., wife of Che.ster Higley, 
 Allegan Co., Mich.; Lydia A., wife of Samuel S. Bibbins, and Arthur H. Mrs. 
 Vedder is a daughter of TJri and Charlotte Mudge, and was born in Upper Canada, 
 Oct. 10, 1831. Mr. and Mrs. V. are members of the M. E. Church, and in politics 
 he is Republican. His farm, comprising 100 acres of well-improved land, is 
 situated on sec. 33. 
 
 John Wardle, farmer, Augusta tp., was born in "Washtenaw Co., Mich., Aug. 11, 
 1841. His parents, James and Esther Wardle, were natives of England, and emi- 
 grated to America in 1834. They first stopped near Philadelphia, Pa., and in 
 1835 came to Augusta tp., where Mr. Wardle entered IGO acres of land on sec. 
 30, living there until Jan. 1, 1861, when death called him to a higher and brighter 
 home. John was raised a " farmer's boy," and April 30, 1867, maixied Susan Arm- 
 strong, who was born in Canada, Jan. 1, 1843. They have 1 child — James A., born 
 April 7, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Wardle are connected with the Baptist denomina- 
 tion. Politically Mr. W. is a Republican. He owns 120 acres of choice land. 
 
 The following are residents of Northfield tp.: 
 
 Mrs- Alvira Allen was born in Columbia Co., N.Y., Feb. 16, 1809, a daughter of 
 Ira and Mercy (Sherwood) Chubb, who came to this county iu 1835. Mrs. Allen 
 was married June 5, 1835, to Nathan Sutton, and their sorrows and joj'S were 
 shared alike until June 31, 1844, when death called the fond husband and loving 
 father to a higher realm. Of the 4 children born to them only 1 is living — George. 
 Mrs Sutton again married, Dec. 9, 1847, to William Allen, who departed this life 
 De •. 9, '85 J, leivinsher twice widowed. Mrs. Allen's father subsequently =in:t'ed 
 in Livingston Co , .Midi., where he passed the remainder of his days. 
 
14:50 HISTOEY OF WTSHTENAW COUNTY. 
 
 Nelson Brundage, farmer, was bom at Bethany, Gpnesee Co., N. Y., Aug. 2, 
 1821. His parents, Nathaniel and Avis Brundage, were natives of New York 
 and Connecticut, and came to this county in 1828, locating on sec. 35, Northfleld 
 tp., whei-e the former died August, 1829, and the latter June 21, 1874. Mr. Brund- 
 age has been a resident of Northfleld tp. -since 1828. He was marrie.l Sept. 12, 
 1872, to Ann Bartlette, who was born in England Nov. 22, 1839. They have 2 
 children — Elizabeth and Cora B. 
 
 William Doty is one of the most prominent fai'mers of Northfleld tp. He was 
 born in Niagara Co., N. Y., Dec. 19, 1824. His father was a descendant of one 
 of three brothers ^^'ho came to America in the Miiyflower, and was born in 
 Rensselaer Co., N. Y. He came to this county in September, 1831, and settled 
 in Pittsfleld tp., and five years later in Ann Arbor city. In 1814 they removed to 
 Northfleld tp., where Mr. Doty died Jan. 2;!, 1866, "and his wife May 13, 1846. 
 William was reared a farmer, and has followed that vocation with the exception 
 of 10 years spent working at the carpenter's trade. He was married Feb. 21, 
 1850, to Eliza J. Curtis, who was born in Yates Co., N. Y., Aug. 29, lf<27, and 
 daughter of Roswell and Jerusha \Bennett) Curtis, who came to this county in 
 1812, locating in Northfleld tp., where the former died Oct 29, 1869, and the latter 
 July 24, 1869. They were both members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Doty and 
 wife are the parents of 2 children — Jennie E. and Etta. Mr. Doty was Post- 
 master of Gravel Run (which was discontinued in 1876) ; Census Enumerator in 
 1880, and has been Commissioner of Highwa3's. He resides on sec. 11. 
 
 Ghristian F. Kapp was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, March 26, 1806. He is 
 a son of John and Margarette C. Kapp, the former of whom died Jan. 31, 1837, and 
 the latter, December, 1839. Christian learned the weaver's trade with his lather, and 
 in 1836 came to America. Feb. 10, 1838, he located in Northfleld tp., where he ha& 
 since resided. He was married Feb. 26, 1838, to Mrs. Rachel (Schlechtar) Danner, 
 and of the 8 children born to this union, 6 are living — Margaret C, Dr. John, 
 Mayor of Ann Arbor; Dr. C. F., of Manchester, Mich.; Anna M., Caroline, Sarah 
 and Olive. Mrs. Kapp h»d 2 children by her former husband — Simeon and George. 
 Mr. Kapp is a well-respected citizen of this township, and was active in building 
 the present Lutheran church. He is giving his children good educational facilities,, 
 and his daughter a good musical education. 
 
 Frederick Kapp was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, Dec. 9, 1832. His parents, 
 John and Annie Kapp, came to America in 1852, locating at Albany, N. Y., where 
 the former died in 1853. ^Mrs. Kapp came to this county, where she died. May, 1867, 
 leaving 7 children. Frederick was reared on a farm, and March 22, 1862 ,married 
 Fredericka Schuaitman, who wasborn in Germany, Dec. 12, 1838. They have 7 chil- 
 dren living— Clara, Charles, Lydia, Daniel, Emanuel, Emma and Julia. Mr. Kapp 
 and wife are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and own 103 acres of 
 good land in sec. 27. 
 
 Eascal Laraway, agriculturist, was born in Seneca Co., N. Y., Oct. 31, 1822. 
 His parents, Jonas and Sarah Laraway, emigrated to this county '.in 1839, locating, 
 in Salem tp., where the former died in September, 1863. Mrs. Laraway still 
 survives. Hascal came to Northfleld tp. in 1865. He has been a farmer through 
 life, with the exception of 15 years spent at the carpenter's trade. He was married 
 Feb. 17, 1856, to Sylvia Leland, who was born in this township, Oct. 25, 1834, and 
 a daughter of Joshua G. and Nancy Leland. Of the 5 children born to this union, 
 3 are living— Guy, Joshua B. and Grace. Mr. L. owns 254 acres of good land, 134 
 of which is in Northfleld tp. Mr. Laraway and wife are members of the M. E. 
 Church. 
 
 Bmojy E. Leland isalife resident of this county, and born March 26, 1845. His 
 parents were Joshua and Nancy (Bly) Leland, who came to this county at an early 
 day. Emory was reared on a farm, and received a good English education. He 
 was married March 30, 1868, to Sarah Sawyer, who was born at Bennington, Vt., 
 July 14, 1844, and a daughter of Andrew J. and Martha M. (Rudd) Sawyer, the 
 latter of whom died in Lenawee county, Mich , in 1862. Jlr. Rudd resides in Penn- 
 sylvania. Six children have been given Mr. Leland and his estimable wife— Joshua 
 G., Thaddeus E., Claude R., Gertrude L., Anna M. and Ira. Mr. Leland resides 
 on sec. 26. 
 
 J'ames S". I«i«nfZ was born in Madison Co. N. Y.. Jan 17, 1820. His parents 
 were Orison and Sally (Davis) Leland, and came to this county in 1838, locating on 
 the farm where now resides the subject of this sketch, and where the former died 
 Sept. 2, 1875. Mrs. Leland died June 18, 1876. James H. was married Nov. 25, 
 
HISTORY OF WASHTENAW COUNTY. 1451 
 
 1868, to Mary A. Wliitem%, who was born in England, Nov. 6, 1848, daughter of 
 Rope and Mary Whiteman, residents of Livingston Co., Mich. They have 1 child- 
 Orson. Mr. L. owns 124 acres of land on sec. 15. 
 
 A/rs Mary MoroTieywas horn in Ireland Aug. 25,1816, and is a daughter of 
 Michael and Julia O'Neal. She was married May 7, 1836, to James O'Connor, and 
 6 children were given them — Ann, Morris, Michael, Patrick, Mary and John. 
 Mr. O'Connor died in the Catholic faith Oct. 4, 1847, and Mrs. O'Connor subse- 
 quently married John Moroney, who departed this life December, 1875. Mrs. 
 Moroney owns 1 20 acres of land and is a member of the Roman Catholic Church 
 
 O. W. Taylor, a prominent farmer on sec. 34, was born at Mound Hiilly, Bur- 
 lington Co,, Vt., Oct. 6, 1811. His parents, W. and Ann E. (Horn) Taylor, 
 came to this county in 1831, locating at Ann Arbor, a ]d in 1834, in Northfiela tp., 
 where they passed the remainder of their day.'. C. W. was married in 1837 to 
 Louisa Fraker. a native of Saratoga Co., N. Y., who died in 1838. Mr. T. again 
 married, June 7, 1857, to Emma Greenville, a native of London, Eng., who came 
 with her parents, Benjamin and Mary Greenville, to America, at the age of two 
 yea s. Her mother died in 1S53, and her fathi r, in Texas, in 1864. Three chil- 
 dren were born to this union, 1 of whom is living — Emma L. Mrs. Taylor is a 
 member of the M.E. Church. Mr. 'J'aylor was a carpenter 10 years of his life, 
 but has lately followed farming. 
 
 Capt. James B. Jrm«, retired farmer, Webster tp.,was born in Franklin county, 
 Mass., Aug. 4, 1801, and is the only son of Eleakim and Tabitha (Leonard) Arms, 
 natives of Massachusetts, and of English descent. He was reared to manhood in 
 his native State, and when 33 years of age came to Michigan, locating in Wash- 
 tenaw county. He immediately purchased 300 acres of Government land on sec. 
 4, this tp., where he stiil resides. He went resolutely to work to clear and im- 
 prove liis land, and at present owns 240 acres of as good land as can he found in 
 this county. He was married at Albany, N. Y , in 1827 to Clarissa Smith, who 
 was borii in Massachusetts, in 1802, daughter of Joseph and Sallie (Cooley) 
 Smith, also natives of the Bay State. Seven children were born to this union, 2 
 of whom survive — Charles, a resident of Marshall Co., 111., and James B., jr., who 
 was married in 1869 to Cora, daughter of Cornelius and Mary Cronan. They 
 have 3 children— Alice E., born Dec. 8, 1870; and Lulu M., born May 12, 1876. 
 The deceased children are George C. and Benjamin F., who was killed in the late 
 civil conflict. Capt. Arms received his military title in his native State, when he 
 served as Captain of the Massachusetts State militia. Since his residence in this 
 county he has devnted his time to agricultural pursuits, and has seen the wonder- 
 ful development of the county that was once a wilderness, into a busy, bu.'stling, 
 lively community, teeming with wealth and activity. He can lell many amusing 
 and interesting stories of pioneer life, which are startling and surprising to many 
 of his youthful auditors. He is a Republican in politics, and his wife is a mem- 
 ber of the Congregational Church. 
 
 A portrait of Mr. Arms is given in this volume, on page 693. 
 
 Alexander Ewiiig, M. D. The late Dr. Ewing was for many years one of the 
 most prominent physicians and surgeons of Washtenaw county. 
 
 He was born in the north of Ireland, April 5, 1819, and was the youngest of a 
 family of 6 children, all of whom, with theirparents, emigrated to this country 
 in 1833. Soon after, as a studi nl of medicine, he entered the oiHce of Dr. Alfred 
 D gby, at that time the leading physician in Brantford, Ontario, and graduated 
 from the Geneva, N. Y., Medical College in 1839. Tlie following year he came 
 to Michigan and located at Lima, where he married Sophia A., daughter of the 
 late Dr. Thomas Sears. 
 
 After several years of extensive and laborious practice at Lima, he spent a year 
 in the colleges and hospitals of New York city, and on his return, settled in Dex- 
 ter. 
 
 In 1853 Dr. Ewing was chosen to represent his district in the Legislature, 
 which position he filled with signal ability. At the breaking out of the late war, 
 he was active in raising troops, and in the summer of 1861, he offered his services 
 to Governor Blair, who promptly appointed him Surgeon of the 13th Mich. Inf., 
 with which regiment he went to the field and saw much hard service participat- 
 ing in the leading battles of the Army of the Cumberland. 
 
 As Surgeon in charge of Hospital No. 3 at Nashville, Tenn., and subsequently at 
 Lookout Mountain, he had an experience equaled by few army surgeons. At the 
 
 84 
 
1452 
 
 HISTORY OF WASHTEXAW fuCN'IT. 
 
 battle of Chickamauga, he was the operator of Gen. Wc^'a Division, and remained 
 to care for the wounded of that division, who were captured Ijy the enemy. After 
 many days of constant operating he, with other surgeons, was taken to Richmond 
 to spend six weeks in the famous Libby prison. 
 
 Upon his exchange, and wliile enjoying a much needed rest, he assisted the Ladies 
 Sanitary- Society by relating at public meetings his interesting army I'xperience 
 Soon after t)ie expiration of his three years, he was mustered out of service to 
 resume private practice, which was continued without interruption until feeble 
 health warned him to desist and to seek medical advice, which he had so often 
 given and seldom received. New York city's best medical talent was invoked in 
 vain, and he died in De.xter, Sept. 17,' 1879, in liis 6lBt year, leaving a wife and '■'> 
 sons to mourn the loss of a kind and an affectionate husband and a loving and indul- 
 gent father, and a community bereft of a public-spirited and faithful citizen. 
 
 Ilis portrait appears in thi.s volume on page 047.