3 "924 073 914 883 DATE DUE SAVLORD PRINTED IN U.SJV Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924073914883 Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. It was scanned using Xerox software and equipment at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. The digital data were used to create Cornell ' s replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39. 48-1992. The production of this volume was supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. Scanned as part of the A. R. Mann Library project to preserve and enhance access to the Core Historical Literature of the Agricultural Sciences. Titles included in this collection are listed in the volumes published by the Cornell University Press in the series THE LITERATURE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 1991-1996, Wallace C. Olsen, series editor. ^tatc College of Agriculture at Cornell mnibcrsiitp Stbaca, M. W- ILibrarj* ^ 7> -. . n ^«v ■ W y—1 , ; , ^ ;)^^^ INDEX And Table of Quantitie-. Required per Acre; Also Weight per Bushel I Alf.ilf.'i or Lucerne Alsike or Hybrid Clover Awnleas Brome Grass B.-;,„.. lloSan B..-.ir,-. Snja Fl.an . M.dium F..irl'. VpIIoiv ll.uir M..-,Jium Ear!-, Green I'.urt-v. I,..ai BarU-\ /"r a'ni.]r,ji BeardlesE(Sow fornurst' crop.Pv to2bu. Bar!--. . B.-ar.jt-d Barley. Oderbrucker ^'anafJa Blue Grass r.irri ('ana'han Fi>-M Peas riarair.- C.rt, Cll.V.T f'nm 'III or Scarlet Clover Cow B. a , English or Perennial Rye-Grass f>-rnian or Golden Millet (ira ^1 . Various Hungarian Millrt I to San Japan.-. Mill.ji (in drills, U l.i 12 lbs.) K.-iilu-,.]!,,„ Ii,.„, c..rii 16 Ki-il ..r ''r.-. |.i.,iT K.-f.-u,. 26 Rai..'. Tru.. Huarf F.^ .-. 29 Rv.- 30 Sh.-.'I.s F.'-.-ue 26 Sw>.it Cl.i\er. M.lilotus 20 S.ija H.M.iv 27 Sfi^l Wheat 31 Sffii Whoa;, Fultz 31 Seeii Wheal. Poole 31 See.l \\'h.ii!. Gypse.v 31 Tail .Mfiuh.iw Oat Gra-s 25 Tall Mea.low Fescue 26 Timothy 26 Vetches _ , 29 Vetch. Winter .. 29 Vetch, Spring 29 White Cl.-.\er 21 Winer's Imp. W'hite CapCom , 14 Wine'.- 12ti liay White Corn ..„ 15 Wmg-f 100 day White Com ]K Wintr's 120da>' Vellr.« Com 17 COPYRIGHTED 19(8 BY THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED MECHANICSBURG. OHIO Broadcast 15 lbs. 3 buslieh, 55 lbs. 2(1 to 2'. lbs. 2 to:i bu. 2 t.i ;'. bti. 2 bu-hel 2 l.u-.hel 10 lbs. ' 11 to 3 bu. '-., to 2 bu, 10 to 12 lbs. 2t to 40 lbs. 3.5 lb.s. 3 to 5 lbs. 1 ' n bushel 30 lbs. in to 20 lbs. 'ii bu. drilled I'-j bushel I'-., bushel 1'^.. bushel 40 to 50 lbs. 35 lbs. 15 to 20 lbs 40toE0 lb.-. 50 to 75 lbs. 14 22 14 32 32 32 32 60 60 60 14 12 60 60 on f,(i 60 10 14 45 60 60 60 56 56 56 56 CO. INTRODUCTION There are occasions when self-congratulations are in order with any of us. The farmer is justly proud of his large crops, the more so when he realizes that their size is due to his own skill and industry in producing them. The business man has as much reason to congratulate himself over a business success, land especially so if it is owing to the quality of goods which he has sold, rather than to his skill in advertising ; and we really believe that we have reason to be proud of the business which we have established, especially since it has been built up in a very few years' time, and with very little expense for advertising as compared with that of other firms. We have been selling seed for quite a few years, beginning entirely as an accommodation to a few of our friends who wanted the best, and who trusted our ability to secure them. For a number of years we did not advertise at all, but finally found that we could not afford to give our time to business that was not at least moderately remunerative, and that we needed to advertise in order to make it profitable in any degree; so, three years ago, we began advertising in a very small way. For several years we either doubled or trebled the previous year's business in each successive year, until the business reached moderate proportions. Last year, we did not double the previous year, but we did increase it considerable, and considering all conditions, we think that this was a good record. When we began the business, it seemed to us from observing other seedsmen that the profits must be very large; in fact, that with any kind of skill at all, one could net 15 or 20 per cent on his investment. We have been content, however, to handle the business on as small a margin as is safe to conduct a business; in fact, our friends tell us that it is entirely too small to be safe. Frankly, last year we made a net profit of 6 per cent on the money invested in these seeds. We are continuing this policy, however, because we tell our skeptical friends that as our reputation becomes established, as we secure more customers and trade, the pro- portion of expenses to gross receipts will certainly lessen, leaving our profits somewhat larger. We may be in error about this, but the principle looks sound to us; in fact, it looks to us as if with twice the business which we now handle, our expenses would increase only a small amount, and we would be able to give our customers even lower prices than we are now doing, and still make what profit we cared to. On one point, however, we hope our customers will not be deceived. We are trying to handle just one grade of seed, the best obtainable. With some of the seed which we handle, for instance, timothy and clover, our best stocks are of an export grade which is handled by very, very few other seedsmen, and our prices on this will look pretty high. We feel repaid for our trouble in securing this quality, when our customers write us that these seeds are the best that they have ever seen. We have always thought that we were IT in the Alfalfa Seed business, and now we know it. The most particular class of buyers in the United States, we be- lieve, are the Experiment Stations and Agricultural Colleges. Last year, we sold to no fewer than a dozen of these, and to their directors for their own private use. In fact, only one of those that inquired of us during the year, escaped us; further- more, out of about two thousand Alfalfa customers to whom we sold last year, we think we had two complaints, and they were very mild. This year we have tried harder than ever to secure the best seeds in everything which we will offer. We have the finest Beardless Barley that we ever saw; Alfalfa Seed which we cheerfully guarantee 99 per cent pure, and free from dodder and adulteration ; Clover Seed which we guarantee in like manner ; Seed Oats which look to us to be as perfect as are obtainable; Grass Seed which has been tested by the Government and found O. K. Our Seed-Corn house is chuck full of the finest type of corn. On other pages we give photographs of some of this seed corn. We are as proud of our stocks as a hen of her one chicken, and it was only by using force that the photographer induced us not to photograph the entire lot, and persuaded us to make selections instead. The entire lot is so nearly like the sample which we show, that we still believe that we would have been all right to photograph all of it without making any selections. Our Wing's White Cap Corn this year made a remarkable improvement over last year. We were surprised ourselves to find what excellent quality we had; and in our new steam-heated corn room, it has dried out in magnificent shape, in fact, being almost too dry to handle easily without undue shelling. We trust that your dealings with us in the past have been so satisfactory that we may expect a continuance of your patronage. We assure you that your orders will be appreciated, and that they will receive the same prompt and careful atten- tion in the future as they have in the past. THE J. E. WING & r.ridS SEED CO.. Mf.chanksbi Ri;. <'nui GUARANTEE While our seeds are selected with the creaicst care we do not guarantee them except where it is definitely so stated. However, we are perfectly willing that our customers should send our samples for analysis cither to the Department °' 'Yri culture at Washington or to jour state e.xperiment station, and we will aN'^ be gla lo have them tested for germination. PRICES Prices of many of the grass seeds fluctuate so much in market that we have decided, ir^tcad of putting our prices in the catalogue at a high enough level so that we could be sure to maintain it throughout the season, to use the Price List which is independent of the catalogue, and this will be found enclosed. We will change our prices a? market condiiion* compel us to, thereby pivin;j our customers the benefit of any fall in prices, instead of beginning the season on a high level and maintaining; it throughout as some other seedmen do. In order to take advantage of our Price Lists, orders should be sent us immedi- ately upon receipt of ihem. It is probable that many of the i;rnss seeds will fluctu- ate enough this year so that we u ill have to chaniie our prices about once a week. SHIPMENTS Unless otherwise requested, we make all shipments the day lHllowing receipt of order. When requested, we will hold shipment a reasonable time, until customers arc ready to have us make shipment. IMPORTANT SUGGESTIONS When f'rdering seeds of u^ be sure to specify whether >ou wish shipment made by freight or expr( ^s Wc have the Big F'our railroad and the American Express only. Be sure also in stale your county and railroad, as this facilitates your shipment. Wc sell absolutely fcT cash. We accept checks at their face value, drafts or money orders, but if cash in some form does not accompany your order it is our invariable rule to send either C. O. D., or if by freight to attach sight draft to the bill-of-ladin)j. payable upon arrival of the seed and after your inspection. This method of shipping whereby we attach sight draft to the bill-of-lading is very safe for our customers themselves, as they do not have t" pay the draft until the goods arrive, nor do they have to pa\ at all unless the goods are satisfactory. AN EXPLANATION Knowing the people who write to us about alfalfa and seeds to be among the progressive and wide-awake farmers and land owners of the country, it occurs to us that they might be interested in a subject that is becoming of greater importance each year — the growing of timber. The constantly increasing price of fence posts and all kinds of lumber used on the farm makes the subject one of vital importance. One of our neighbors, Mr. H. C Rogeis. seems to be solving the question in a practical and business-like way A letter written him addressed Mechanicsburg, Ohio, Box B, will bring you full infor- mation and prices. ■"Signed. The J. E WING & BROS. SEED CO. SHORT HORNED CATTLE The Pines Herd was founded in 1853 from animals imported by the Madison County Importing Co. It has been owned and controlled since by a man who loves short horn cattle and who enjoys a natural genius for properly mating them as well as the courage to rigidly cull. ' Those who liked the old-fashioned short horn cow and wish such animals at reasonable prices — we can cheerfully refer to Mr. W. H. Guy, R. F. D No 3 Mechanicsburg, Ohio. ' ' ' ' ' 2 ALFALFA or LUCERNE Easily the "Queen" of all the clovers, and of all the plants of the meadow, is alfalfa. It is the hardiest of them all, the most lasting, the most productive, the most efficient soil enricher. It is the most beautiful, and it yields hay of the highest quality. Alfalfa is not new to the United States, but only within recent years has its culture been well understood, and a few essentials of its success been learned. It revels in dry land made sweet with lime (where this is needed), and rich with manures. Alfalfa is the most energetic soil enricher of all the clovers, but it must find fertile soil on which to begin, and cannot, like sweet clover, begin on wornout lands. Once it is well established, however, its ability to build up the field on which it stands, and the adjoining fields (from the manure made by feeding the hay), is nothing less than marvelous. The New Jersey experiment station has shown that the yield of an acre of good alfalfa contained fertilizing ingredients that would cost on the market in the shape of commercial fertilizers at least $65.00. So it can readily be seen that once alfalfa is established on a farm, and the hay fed thereon and the manure saved, that farm must very rapidly increase in productiveness. Alfalfa is a perennial, enduring on well drained soils from five to fifty years with one sowing. It may be cut from three to five times a year, and will yield, in the regions of the corn-belt, from three to eight tons of hay per acre. The com- position of alfalfa hay is such that it is of almost the same nutritive value as wheat bran, and may be substituted for wheat bran in the ration of clover with good results. As a feed for all classes of live stock it is unexcelled. Every animal upon the farm loves alfalfa, and thrives upon it. As a pasture plant it has no equal in the amount of gain upon animals that may be made from an acre of it, as much as fiOO pounds of pork per acre being frequently reported where hogs have grazed it. It is also the best horse pasture known, and is sometimes used as a pasture for 5heep and cows, although one must observe due care in de-pasturing it with these animals since they may bloat. As a soiling crop alfalfa easily heads the list. It yields the most herbage and of the highest quality, and indeed, it is much better for the meadow, and usually for the animals, to feed it off by soiling rather than by de-pasturing. Mozuing Alfalfa on Woodland Farm. -3— THE J. E. WI.\(; & BROS. SEED CO.. .\lErHANRSBiJRc. Ohio ALFALFA SEEDING Much needless mystery lia> been made of the Alf.ilfa seeding question bo much nivsterj, in fact, thai many farmers are afraid to try it at all Jones rccom^ mends one method and Smith another, and how is the farmer to tell which is '"'K']' ■ Wc began the study rt the Alfalfa question twenty-five years ago, and since that time we have carefully uatched fields of it in almost every state in the I'nion We lia\' c. rrcsponded with thousands of successful growers, and with thousands of ' ilur growers who were having troubles, and we really believe now that we are able to furnish reliable data as to just what is necessary to do in order to succeed Hitli this i)lanl. W'e could almost sum the matter up in four words: Lime, drainage, humus, and inoculation Perhaps we have given these in the order of their relative impor- tance. Lime is necessary on soils not naturally of limestone formation or filled with limestone pebbles. The importance of this is impressed upon us more and more each year : in fact, we believe today, that there have been more failures throughout the United States on account of insufficient lime in the soil than from any other cause. In order to make it easy for our customers, so easy that they cannot help succeeding, we give later on full instructions for the use of lime and a list of firms from whom the lime may be purchased. Then, as to drainage: there is no use in planting Alfalfa on any soil where water may ordinarily be found at a depth ef less than three feet. The Alfalfa may grow all right until its roots strike this water, but then it will probably die. Fertile soils contain enough humus. Impoverished soils may be so deficient that special preparation must be made before Alfalfa can possibly succeed. Stable manure will re obtainable is the very best thing for adding the proper humus to the soil; and we would urge its liberal use wherever possible. It might be best to use this a year in advance of sowing Alfalfa, and follow with clean cultivation to over- come what weeds might he sown with the manure, or a good way is to top-dress the Alfalfa during its first winter, using a manure spreader and applying the manure evenly without large chunks that might smother the young plants. On impoverished soils, we would recommend preparation for .Alfalfa one or two years in advance, l-'mwing such crops as Crimson Clover, Mammoth Clover. Sweet Oover, Cow Peas or Soja Beans, and pri ferably turning them under or else pasturing them off, so as to give the soil the greatest benefit possible from them. We nroinmcnd inoculation, not that it is always necessary, but it is an in- expensive process, and in five cases out of six it will actually pay. This subject is fully discussed later on. Havinij determined that our soil is sweet, well ijrained, and sufficiently supplied with humus, the only questions that remain are : the preparation of a good seed-bed, sowing at the proper time of year, and the use of good seed. For the seed-bed, it is essential that the ground be carefully fitted. It must be plowed, unless it is old Rround such as com stubble, which may be thoroughly disked instead of plowing. It is better to firm the sub-soil a little, so that only the surface is really loose. This, because if the entire soil is very loose, the seed may be planted too deep, and also because the Alfalfa seems to prefer the sub-surface being a trifle firmed. TIME OF SEEDING On Woodland Farm, for many years it has been our custom to sow Alfalfa at oat-seeding time about the first week in April, using Beardless Spring Barley as a nurse crop. The Barley is usually cut for hay the last of June, and after this we sometimes secure a good cutting of Alfalfa hay the first season, although we do not count on this, and are not disappointed if we do not obtain it. We sow about one and one-half bushels barley to the acre and eighteen to twenty pounds of Alfalfa seed at the same time, usually using a disk drill and throwing the Alfalfa seed in front of the drill, unless the ground is very loose, in which case we throw the seed farther back to prevent its being covered too deeply. The Alfalfa seed should be covered about an inch. The advantages of this system are that the rains usually come about the right time for the young Alfalfa, which makes a strong growth throughout the entire season, generally giving us with the barley enough hay the first year to pay the expenses of planting, and goes into winter in vigorous shape with about ten inches or a foot of stalk standing, enough to hold the snow throughout the winter and induce a fine vigorous start in the spring. We find barley to be the best nurse crop obtainable. It takes the place of the weeds that would otherwise come, gives us some very excellent feed, and with us, does the Alfalfa good and no injury. Oats are not so good, because they shade the ground more and are much more inclined to lodge. We find that the barley hay with the small amount of Alfalfa we obtain with it, makes a forage second only to the pure Alfalfa itself. We cut this when the barley is in the milk or dough stage It is -4— not always necessary to cut the barley for hay, as it ripens its grain about July 12th in this latitude, and it is rarely that Alfalfa is suffering much by that time. Many of our neighbors cut their barley for grain, and still secure admirable stands of Alfalfa. Where no nurse crop is used, it is seldom safe to plant to Alfalfa before the 20th of June, because the weeds will almost certainly choke the young plants, and no amount of mowing will prevent their doing so. Many of our customers prefer seeding during the summer months, and this is certainly a very excellent way, frequently succeeding as well as our own, although sometimes failing on account of summer drought preventing the young plants from obtaining sufficient growth to go through their first winter. Many farmers become prejudiced against the early spring seeding, owing to their using oats as a nurse crop, but if they would use the Beardless Barley, they would doubtless be well pleased with the earlier sowing. For summer seeding we recommend as a good method having the Alfalfa follow a crop of early potatoes, or it may be possible to plow wheat stubble early enough to secure a stand before winter. An excellent way is to plow the ground early in the spring, harrow it as frequently as the weeds appear, and sow the Alfalfa during July. If the rains come right, such Alfalfa should make excellent growth before winter and be certain to succeed. We really believe that where Beardless Spring Barley may be used as a nurse crop, the early spring seeding is advisable in the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and much of Pennsylvania. The late seeding is certainly preferable in some of the New England states, in Virginia, and the states south of the Ohio River. The reason for the late seeding in these states is that their climate seems to be such that the Alfalfa thrives better when sown late than when sown early, and also in part of these places quack or crab grass and other weeds will give so much trouble that the early seeding is almost sure to fail on account of them. The farther south one goes, the later is it safe to seed Alfalfa. We have many customers in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, who seed as late as November 1st, but their winters are so mild that the Alfalfa never winter-kills, and it comes on the next spring in just as good shape as if it had been sown earlier in the season. FERTILIZERS On Woodland Farm, we have found that it pays very well indeed to apply phos- phate at the time of seeding, and we do this every year. Either the acid rock or bone meal may be used with excellent results, and we would recommend our cus- tomers to follow this method. No other fertilizer we have used, unless it be good barn-yard manure, seems to stimulate the Alfalfa as much as the phosphate, and even on land that has been heavily manured for many years, the additional use of phosphate makes an improvement that can be very distinctly seen; indeed, one can easily see right to the foot where the phosphate has been used. Soils that need lime are generally benefited by basic slag. This is an expensive fertilizer that combines lime and phosphorus. Probably for the results obtained, it is not so expensive as it looks. Alfalfa on Woodland Form. 5- Tilt; J. E. WINi, & BROt^. SEED CO., Mechamcsbirg. Ohio SEED Good seed is of great importance. We have studied Alfalfa for so many X"" that we pride ourselves very much upon our ability to choose the very best seed. Alfalfa seed coming from Arizona, South America, or Arabia, will groyi all right the first year, and then will probably wmter-kill the first winter, especially m ^"y of the Northern states. We find that the very best seed in the world, that which is freest from dangerrius weeds and which possesses the greatest vitality, is pr^' duced in our own United States, particularly in the northwestern part. Also it is lielter if grown on non-irrigated soil. All of our seed comes from thes? North- western states, is non-irrigated, and we cheerfully guarantee it free from Alfalfa s most deadly enemy, the dodder. When you receive seed from us, send sample to your Experiment Station, and if they delect any dodder in it, return the seed immediately, and either get your money back or more seed. If they find any trefoil, you may do the same thing. Trefoil is a harmless little clover, but it is added to the Alfalfa as an adulterant, owing to the seed being inexpensive and difficult to distinguish from the Alfalfa seed itself. We feel that we have just cause for being proud of our Alfalfa seed, for last year we sold to no fewer than one dozen of the Experiment Stations and Agricultural Colleges, and to their directors for their own private use, and no class of buyers are so particular as these. In some of the far Southern states, an enemy constantly to be fought 's "j^ Johnsfin Gr.iss. In some of these states .Mfalfa seed is produced, and is very likely to be mixed with this pest. We guarantee our seed absolutely free from this Johnson grass, and growers in any country who are troubled by it. may with perfect confidence purchase our seed. ALFALFA FOR THE POULTRYMAN The poultry man will find great profit from having a run <'f alfalfa. This should not be too small a space, but large enough so that the poultry can forage at will without injuring the plants, and sr. that he may cut the hay regularly and ^,ivc it for winter feeding. Poultry thrive exceedinKly upon a diet composed chiefly of alfalfa, with some grain in addition. ALFALFA FOR THE DAIRYMAN Xo other food forms so good a basis for the ration of a dairy cow as alfalfa, the reason being its extreme richness in protein, and its easy digestibility, and the additional reason that the cows love it so, and eat it so greedily. Alfalfa growing countries have a great advantage over other countries in the dairy business, so that it is well for the dairyman, wherever he is situated, to begin to consider how he may make his own soil an alfalfa-growing soil. It has been found that the cost of milk production can be cut square in two by the use of home-grown Alfalfa. A ton of Alfalfa hay. early cut and nicely cured, is worth as much pound for pound as the best wheat bran for food for the dairy cow. In order to get its full feeding value, it should be eround. Even ordinary Alfalfa hay is worth nearly as much as wheat hr.in , so that it is clear that to the eastern dairyman, who must pay $25.00 a ton for wheat bran, a field of Alfalfa yielding no more than three or four tons per acre is a veritable gold mine. Governor Hoard has found that with Alfalfa in the dairy ration, it is necessary to use only about half the amount of grain that must be fed when other forage is provided. In truth, with Alfalfa hay and corn silage, little or no other food is needed to keep the dairy cow in the most profitable producing condition. We thus emphasize the importance of Alfalfa to the dairyman, because among the many thousands of Eastern dairymen, the margin between cost of production and selling price of their products is so small, that they are in a rather discouraging condition, and this condition Alfalfa will relieve better and easier than any other thing. There was a time, only a few years ago, when it would have seemed not worth while thus to attempt to raise the hopes of the dairyman, for then it had not been demonstrated that Alfalfa could be grown away from the "Alfalfa Belt." But since then we have learned the few and simple requirements of the Alfalfa plant, and now we do not hesitate to affirm that we can grow Alfalfa anjrwhere, upon any farm in the United States, not at too high an altitude, if the few simple but essential conditions are complied with. TIME TO CUT ALFALFA We usuallv cut it when about one-fifth of the plants begin to show bloom. A somewhat better way of ascertaining the proper time is to watch for the buds at the base of the plants and cut when they appear above the ground. These buds are the beginnings of new stalks, and their appearance indicates that the plant is ready to make another crop. THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED CO., Mechanicsburg, Ohio ALFALFA AS A PASTURE CROP It is especially adapted to being de-pasturized by horses and hogs, and perhaps the greatest profit comes from such use. The practical difficulty with de-pasturizing alfalfa with sheep and cows is, that being a clover, it sometimes causes bloat, similar to clover bloat. The best preventive of bloat is to have the alfalfa mixed with grasses in tiie pasture. When this is done, the animals eating the two together are very much less apt to bloat. The best grass to mix with alfalfa for pasture is brome grass (Bromus inermis). In pasturing Alfalfa, to get the best results, one should not turn on it before the plants have grown nearly to the blossoming stage; furthermore, the pasture should be so large that the animals will not eat it down closely. It should be mown at least twice during the season and made into hay. It will not do, however, to pasture the field with sheep or cattle immediately after it has been mown, this being the surest known method of inviting disaster. After Alfalfa is mown, it is not safe to turn on it until the plants have reached the woody stage. Thus treated. Alfalfa pastures will last for years, and afford an astonishing amount of nourishment. All stock should be taken off of Alfalfa pastures by the first of October, or in the Eastern states, at the beginning of hard frosts ; this, both for the good of the Alfalfa and- for the good of the animals themselves. It is dangerous to de-pasturize frozen Alfalfa, and it is not even wise to cut it for hay. A profitable scheme sorne- times practiced is to break an old Blue Grass pasture, plow it rather deep, fertilize it well, and seed it down to Alfalfa. A good stand of Alfalfa is almost assured by this method, and while the blue grass comes up immediately and fills in between the Alfalfa plants, within a few years, the amount of combined herbage yielded by this practice is almost incredibly great, the grass itself yielding more than it did before the Alfalfa was sown upon it. Alfalfa thus sown will not last as long as when the grass is absent, but while it is there it is extremely profitable. In any of the states east of the Missouri, we think that farmers who pasture Alfalfa with cattle and sheep may be reasonably sure to have some losses, no matter how careful they are. We have never succeeded in pasturing it ourselves without some losses, but we believe that it is sometimes more profitable to pasture Alfalfa and lose a few sheep or perhaps a steer, than it is to handle our stock on other feed without this loss. ALFALFA TURNING YELLOW This may be caused either by a leaf spot or rust, or it may indicate that con- ditions are not right with the plant, that it needs lime, drainage or inoculation. Mowing will usually check the rust ; the other troubles are fully discussed later on. Alfalfa on Woodland Farm, owned by I. E. Wing &■ Bros. About two tons per acre this cutting, worth at least $10.00 per ton. INOCULATION „ . , ,- All legumes have tinv bacteria that work on their roots, forming "°^" "• These bacteria draw nitrogen from the air, and both supply the plants .w»n and also add it dircctlv to the soil. Without these bacteria the legumes .^^"' ^""' [i'Tish. although most of the legumes seem to find their proper ba<:tf *.'".,''""? any soil Alfalfa is an exception, and it nearlv always pays to supply its Dact^ri^ arlif^ciallv. This may be done verv inexpensively. Obtain soil from some n?ar-uy Alfalfa field and applv it at the rate of one hundred pound": per acre sowing n lat. in the afternoon and harrowinp it in immediately before allowing ttie «"" i° strike it. This is the best wav to inoculate. Soil from around the bweet i-jiovcr or Melilotus roots answers equally well. The Government will furnish inoculation of another sort free; this usually succeeds, but not always. _• .^/J" fu' way is to sow a few pounds of Alfalfa seed with your Red Clover Atter tne clover i.s plowed up, sow to Alfalfa, and vou will probably have the field inoculatea. We have many requests for soil fror^ our own Alfalfa fields, but we are torcea 111 refuse to sell this. LIME IN THE SOIL Alfalfa thrives best on soils that are mo arc sure to be well stored with weed seeds; yet a thorough cultiva- iion of the ground the year precedin- -.he snuing ,.f Alfalfa will accomplish '""S"- Ordinary weed seeds are pretiy wd! destr.xcd by the mower running over tne ground two or three times the first season. Canada thistles are said to be eradicateQ by the gr..unii; ui Alfalfa, and man> other serious pests includnig Convolvulus Arvcnsis. variouslv stvled Bindwood, \Vild M .rning Ulory or Wild Pea \ ine Sometimes a little Sweet Clover (Melilotus) is unavoidably present '" T'"^.,^ Slid. This need give no concern, since the natural mowings given the Alfalfa will eradicate it in two \ears. There are weeds, however, that will ttei the better ot Alfalfa, and that ritt'ht speedily Our of the \\ .. rst is dodder. Not many farmers know dodder when they see it. It is a parasitic vine having an almost leafless yellow stem as large as a small twine string, which runs through the .Alfalfa, 'win- ing around and around the stems, sendin- litile rootlets in to suck the juice '^' ^'j^ plant. Dodder begins its life from a seed dropped to the earth when the .Alfalfa is sown; but after haviii).; had a brief experience with its roots in the soil, it leaves the earth and roots only in the v^rLuing .Mfalfa. which it binds together in a death grip, making a dense tangle of yellow vines and slowly dying .Mfalfa plants. Farmer- cannot ati'ird to treat dodder as they w.-.uid any other weed. It is 50 deadly that it must be stamped out immediately, or it will become a very serious pest, and the methods used to exterminate other weeds will not answer for this one. If there are only occasional small patches to be found, mow the .\lfalfa in these patches l.efnre the dodder begins to bloom: then, in a few days, scatter straw over the infested areas, and burn it. This may kill the Alfalfa plants, but it will probably kill the dodder also. If your field is badly infested, there is nothing to do but to plow it up, and plant it 10 corn or sc'me cultivated crop for one or two years. Dodder infests clover just as irenneiitly as it cloes .Mfalfa. and it is just as dangerous in the clover as it is in the .Alf.ill.i Farmers shimld lake great pains to prevent this pest from becomin^ established in their land, and should send samples of their seed to their Experiment Staimns for analysis before seeding. Our own Alfalfa seed and also our Clover seed are guaranteed free from this pest. If your Experiment Station finds any dodder in our seed, we will gladly take back the seed and return your money. ALFALFA IN CORN We cannot recommend seeding .Alfalfa in corn ai the hiNt cultivation, a^ many wish to do, because the corn nearly always shades the .Alfalfa so much that it will not thrive until after the corn is cut; also the corn takes practically all of the moisture from the soil, causing the Alfalfa to suffer from drought; and it usually happens that we have most of the dry weather of the summer between the time of the last cultivation of corn and fall, so that all three of these causes will operate against tlu Alfalfa. We have seen many splendid successes from this method, and many failures. We think the chances of success by this method to be .ibout cc|ual to the chances of failure. MAKING ALFALFA HAY .Alfalfa hay may be cured in the same manner as Red Clover, with this differ- ence, that as the leaves of .Alfalfa when dry are extremely brittle, care must be taken to prevent their loss This simply necessitates raking the hay when still quite tough, and it should also be shocked before it is bone dry Alfalfa hay will cure admirably if raked quite green, shocked immediately, and allowed to stand in the shock for several da.\ s If this method is used there will be very little loss from storms, and the hay will be of the finest possible quality. Hay caps may be used, if desired, with excellent results. When the hay is cured in the shock, open up the shocks to the sun and air for an hour or so before putting the hay into the barn. Alfalfa hay will stand more punishment from storms than any other hay that we know of. It will also keep excellently in the stack, although we think it a little more difficult to stack than Timothy hay. It may be put in the stack or mow with a trifle more sap than any other kind of hay. ,A safe method of ascertaining whether it is sufficiently cured to go into the stack or barn is to twist the stalks, and if no water appears the hay is in safe condition to go into the barn. Alfalfa hay may jieat somewhat and become discolored, but even then stock will relish it fully as much as if it retained its perfect green color. In stacking we find a hay derrick of great benefit, and also the use of the Myer or Stockton fork with these hay derricks. With this combination and six or eight hay sleds we have built a thirty-ton stack in about five hours. At the barn we unload with two double har poon forks and a hay sling in the bottom of the load. Where the hay is extremely dry, we sometimes substitute the Stockton fork for the harpoon By this method we usually unload a two or three thousand pound load of Alfalfa hay with three or four hitches of the forks, and we have handled about fifty tons in about ten hours. — 10- - A SPLENDID SUCCESS UNDER DIFFICULTIES It is always inspiring to us to watch other men do things in a large way, and do them skillfully. It has given us more encouragement than we have derived from any other experience this year to observe the work of one of our customers, Mr. J. F. Jack. Mr. Jack is the kind of man who succeeds in everything that he undertakes, as inevitably as Fate itself. This is owing to three things: He has large means, and is glad to use any necessary amount of money to accomplish his ends. He has a great amount of good hard common sense and shrewdness, and in anything that he attempts he makes it a rule to secure as much expert advice as possible, and to spare neither time, trouble nor expense in doing this. Mr. Jack's home is in California. He is familiar with Eastern conditions, and, some years ago, it occurred to him that there could be large profits made from building up some of the worn-out Eastern lands, where labor was cheap, the land itself for sale at low prices, and great markets near at hand where unlimited amounts of produce could be sold. After mature deliberation, he purchased a tract of fifteen hundred acres OTi the tide-water in Old Virginia, some miles from Fredericksburg. The land was practically exhausted, but low-priced. Labor was plentiful and cheap. He secured ocean shipping, and he had the great Eastern markets close at hand. He had, of course, watched the enormous crops of Alfalfa in the Wesi, and he had read of many successes with the plant in the East ; part of these, we are happy to say, had been brought to his notice through our own writings. He was confident that if Alfalfa could be grown in Virginia, plenty of money could be made out of it. He consulted the highest authorities which he could find, making a personal trip to Washington for that purpose. The gentleman to whom he applied for information, when asked if Alfalfa could be made to grow in Virginia, assured him that it could, and gave him the most approved methods as adapted to Virginia conditions. But when Mr. Jack casually remarked that he thought it a good thing, and that he in- tended to sow one hundred and fifty acres, the Washington experts were consider- ably taken back. "Why, Mr. Jack !" they exclaimed, "Your failure will be so colossal that you will put the cause of Alfalfa growing in the state of Virginia back, at least twenty years ! The farmers will all know of your failure, and none will dare to attempt it." "But I have no intention of failing, and you yourselves have said that it was practical to grow it in Virginia.'' "Yes, but think of how much you must do on this large acreage. You must lime, you must inoculate, and you must add humus to the soil." "I am thinking of it, and where is the best placr for me to get the lime and inoculation?" When these gentlemen found that Mr. Jack was thoroughly in earnest, that he meant to go ahead with his scheme in his own way and on his own scale, they gladly assisted him to the best of their ability. He purchased about four hundred tons of lime, which he applied to one hundred and fifty acres. He sowed Crimson Clover, and turned this under to add humus. He procured the best seed obtainable, and sowed about thirty pounds per acre, at the same time applying a good-sized amount of bone meal. He wrote us a few months ago that the entire one hundred and fifty acres was a most satisfactory stand, and doing as well as could be asked for, with the exception of a few strips which he had left for experiment. On some of these strips, no lime was sown, and on others, no bone. Those where no lime was sown, failed absolutely. Those where lime was sown, but no bone, were not nearly so good as the rest of his field. This year he successfully sowed one hundred and fifty acres more, and before very many years, he expects to have the entire fifteen hundred acres growing Alfalfa. As an illustration of Mr. Jack's "sand," we would like to speak of another of his experiences. A weed native to this section appeared in his Alfalfa field this spring. He had two hundred tons of hay ready to cut; hay that should sell for $20.00 a ton when cured. But he was determined to get rid of this weed, and from the best advice which he could gather, the only certain way of eradicating it was so severe, that he decided to destroy the weed even at the expense of his entire hay crop. So the meadows were mown, the hay immediately hauled to waste ground, and there dumped out to spoil. Had he allowed the hay to ripen so as to be really ready to cut, or had he attempted to cure it even when he did cut it, the probabilities are that many of these weed seeds would have matured, and have gone back into the soil ; as it is, he thinks that he is rid of the weed forever, at an expense of $4,000.00 worth of hay. However, it would be idle to feel sorry for him, because he still has between two and four hundred tons of hay secured from the second and third cuttings, all of it free from this weed and of excellent mer- chantable quality. WHERE TO SECURE ALFALFA HAY The story of Mr. Jack reminds us that nearly every day in the year we have inquiries as to where Alfalfa hay can be secured. If our friends who wish to purchase Alfalfa hay live anywhere near this region, they would do well to write to Mr. Jack's foreman, W. B. Taylor, at Port Conway, Virginia. CORN The farmers of America owe to Professor P. G. Holden a debt of gratitude which they will never be able to repay. We are fortunate enough to count Protes- sor Holden among our friends, for which fact alone we are extremely grateful, and we are also fortunate enough to have received instructions from him, the '''*^" of which have been of more monetary value to us than we could estimate, '•e believe thoroughly, that since adopting in our own crude way his teachings, we have increased our yield of corn twenty-five bushels per acre. We absolutely know that we have accomplished more under his instructions in one year than we ordinarily did in four years before we adopted his system, and we are equally sure that we have by no means reached the limit to which we can go. In fact, we are sure that no one realizes what the limit is at which corn-growers must stop, cither in the quantity or the quality of their production. The United States Department of Agriculture places six year average of the yield of corn per acre at 24.9 bushels. If this total average for the United States cannot be doubled by the use of modern methods, then we are very much mistaken, and we believe Professor Holden ( methods will come nearer to accomplishing this end than any that have been given us up to the present time. Just think what this means to the United States at larRe A four billion bushel corn crop per year instead of two billions! We cannot hope to interest every farmer who reads our little catalogue to the point of adopting Professor Holden's system, but if we should be able to induce one out of every ten wlio reads it to do so, we will feel that we have accomplished a great deal, and that this one result alone would pay us for the labor and expense of preparing this catalogue. In order that )0u may not think that we were entirely behind the times bcf'Tc meeting Professo- Holden, we will say that we began trying 10 improve our rum a long time ago In fact, our fathe. had a type of corn which he had worked on for a life-time, and which represented pretty accurately his ideal at the iinic of his death, .some seventeen years ago. \Ve. as his children, have always tried hard to improve the corn that we grew each year, but until the new and scientilic method* were discovered, it was slow and up-hill work. Now, as to what these methods art. Like every other great invention or great principle, they are surprisingly simpK. and we only wonder that our great-grandfathers did not think of them In the tirst place, seed corn must be taken care of. It must be taken in from the fields before heavy frosts come. This is a very simple matter and requires no additional expense. We very easily arrange a contrivance that keeps the corn in such shape that no ears are piled on top of each other, that the air has free circul.it ion, and that the mice are kept away, by simply stringing two wires back and forth across a frame. The rows of ears are laid on these wires, and the whole thing fs then placed m the furnace room, where the corn is dried out per- fectly, i'hen, in the spring, each ear that is meant for seed should be tested for germination. This operation is a trifle tedious, but it is inexpensive, costing from 50 cents to $l.iiO a bushel according to the economy of your methods and it in- sures a perfect stand. We feel sure that by this one detail alone we increase our yield per acre ten bushels every year over what we would secure with ungerminated corn. You must remember that one large ear of corn will plant about one-twelfth of an acre, and consequently, if you have one bad ear to a bushel of seed that you plant, you will have far from a perfect stand. More than the care of the seed though, in fact, we think more important than any other thing in the management of corn, is the breeding and selecting of the seed. For many years we know pretty well what we wanted in the way of a breed of corn, and we were working to obtain it, but it took Professor Holden to show us how we •could get it in one man's ordinary life-time. For our own use we wanted a variety of corn that would do well on both fertile and poor land, so we chose a white corn, or rather white cap, which we have found will stand a poor ground better tnan the yellow sorts, and will also do as well on fertile soil as any other kind. Then we wanted a variety that could use as long a season as we could give it. This in our latitude, which is about the same as Columbus, Ohio, is about one hundred and twenty days. You must never expect a variety that must mature itself in ninety or one hundred days to yield as much as one that uses one hundred and fifteen or one hundred and twenty days, any more than you yourself can do as much work in ninety or one hundred days as you can do in one hundred and fifteen or one hundred and twenty days. We wanted our corn to be uniform so that it would look like it was some particular breed and not a mixture or com- bination of breeds. Professor Holden taught us not only how to do these thinrs but much more besides. We would advise you to write to the Simmons Publishing ^12— Co, Springfield, Ohio, or to Professor Holden himself at Ames, Iowa, for his little book, the "A B C of Corn Culture." It only costs 10 cents postpaid, and you will find it of great value to you. Stake. Stake. 1 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 S 8 6 7 7 6 8 5 9 4 10 3 11 2 12 1 We have not space here to tell you everything that one should know about corn, but we will give you briefly the main idea in regard to actually breeding seed corn. The most important thing about this is the use of the ear row test plot. In your spare time during the winter, you must first carefully select twelve of your finest ears of seed corn. Choose ears that are as uniform as possible, and those that represent the type which you wish to perpetuate. At corn planting_ tirne, prepare a small corner of your farm which is not close to other corn, or if it must be adjacent to other corn, be sure that this corn is of the same variety as you will breed in your test plot. Number each of your selected ears by fastening a numbered paper to end of the cob by a nail or pin. Shell one-half of each ear lengthwise for seed, and save the other half with its number for future reference. Then num- ber two sets of stakes from one to twelve to mark the rows. We will reproduce a little diagram showing the proper way to plant each of these ears. You will noti<-'.- from this diagram that one-fourth of ear No. 1 plants one-half of your first row, and one-fourth of ear No. 12 the other half. In your second row, ear No. 2 plants half, and ear No. 11 the other half. In your third row, ear No. 3 plants half, and ear No. 10 the other half. The reason for making one-half of each row from differ- ent ears is to secure as thorough cross-fertilization as possible. The purpose of the duplicate stakes is to enable you to distinguish the yields from the different ears at husking time. Tend this plot just as you do the rest of your field, and when you husk it, be careful to keep the yields from each ear separate and to weigh them separately. Better attend to this yourself and not leave it to the hired man, as he will not realize the importance of accuracy in this part of the work. The first year, if you are using a variety of corn that is not pedigreed, you will probably find that your test rows will vary from forty bushels per acre to one hundred and twenty bushels per acre, at least that was our experience. If you are trying to secure a heavy yield, and if you find that the ears which matured one hundred and twenty bushels did not seem too late, you should discard everything in the rows that produced less than about one hundred bushels per acre. Wheni weighing the corn from the test plot, bring out your half-ears that you saved at planting time, and compare them with the yields from the halves that were planted, and this will teach you more about corn than anything you can do. You will learn what constitutes the best yielding type, and the type that reproduce themselves so as to give the highest quality better by comparison of the yield with the priginal than by trusting to your memory. The second year you will find that your test plot will run very much more uniformly than it did the first year, and in five or six years' time you will have the corn quite uniform, and, if you have used some skill in breeding, it will be somewhere near the type which you have been seeking. The first year we had our test plot, we were able, after discarding the low yielding ears, to save enough good seed to plant twenty acres. To prevent in- breeding each year, we use from four to seven of the finest ears which we can find in the test plot for the next year's test plot, and the remainder we select from the general fields. We think it would be unwise to select the entire twelve each year from the previous year's test plot, as that is too close breeding. However, after the second year, we are able to select not only all the corn for the test plot from corn that originally came from a test plot, but we are able also to save all our seed corn for the general field from some of this pedigreed corn. That is, the first year we planted about twenty acres from seed taken from the previous year's test plot. The next year we saved all our seed corn from this twenty acres. Before studying Professor Holden's system we had brought our corn up to a yield of about sixty-five bushels per acre, and we actually thought it probable that this —13— wa> as much corn as we could grow on our land and with our climate; but we have actually increased this \ leld from four to ten bushels each year, until thii year we have forty-five acres that have averaged one hundred bushels per acre, and this on an old Ohio farm that has had no vircin soil for many years. ■1"> .-Icres thai have averaged 100.1 bushels per acre this year. We think this yield is almost entirely owing to the breed of corn, and cer- tainly we hav< been paid a thousand times over for the little extra work which we did in improving. You will note that our first year showed in the test-plot a yield varying from forty to one hundred and twenty or one hundred and twenty-five bushels per acre. This demonstrates conclusively that we had some very high yield- ing breeds and some very Inw yielding breeds. All .the corn which did not yield one hundred bushels or over in the test-plots has been discarded now for a number of years, and all of the corn which we grow in the general field traces directly back to these high yielding strains of different years' test-plots. It is no exaggera- tion to state, that whereas before using this system we were barely able to in- crease our yield one or two bushels per year by seed selection, since adopting Pro- fessor Holdens methods we have increased from four to ten bushels per year. The whole matter is resolved down to a case like this: In the general field, no matter how carefully we select the corn, the best ears are certainly crossed with corn from near-by hills which may be decidedly inferior to the seed which we select. In the test-rows the corn is all good, and seed selected from this must not only be good of itself, but also well bred. The seed we select from the general field may be good of itself, but it may be of a low yielding strain or of a strain decidedly lacking in quality In the test-rows we reduce chances of this to a minimum. WING'S IMPROVED WHITE CAP CORN It is seed from the forty-five acre field described above that we are oflFering to our customers today. As previously stated, this is what we call a White Cap Corn. This simply means that at some time it was a cross between the pure white and the pure yellow. As a result, we get today corn showing a faint yellow tinge to the grain, sometimes with red cob, sometimes with white. The ears are long, as we find that a long-eared variety under adverse conditions will out-yield a ' short-eared variety, and under favorable conditions also. Possibly, these ears will average ten inches in length. The grain is of excellent length, and is moderately rough, this being the type for which we have worked for fifteen years. The cob is of moderate size, just large enough to give the grain a strong constitution. The shank is of excellent size. The fodder is rather large, not so large as that of Southern corn but a trifle larger than the average com grown in our neighborhood. We do not claim this variety to be beautiful, for we have tried to get results first and beauty last, and that is what we have today, just a large heavy-yielding variety of corn, one that makes ffood under all conditions, one that frequently is beautiful - 14 but if it is not beautiful, we are not disappointed 60 long as it gives us the yield that we want. This corn has been carefully selected from our fields which have the best pedigree. It has been carefully dried in our steam-heated warehouse, and we are willing to guarantee its germination to be excellent, provided that it be given a fair test upon being received by our customers. We have tested this corn repeatedly in comparison with varieties from our neighbors, with show corn which we pur- chased in different localities, and with other varieties of our own raising, and we have never yet placed any variety of corn beside it that exceeded it in yield, and the only ones that even equaled it were the types that can only be grown in safety farther south than this latitude. This corn needs one hundred and twenty days to mature with an ordinary season. Only once since we have been growing it has it been injured by frost, and that was last year. This year it matured in splendid shape long before any frost. Wing's Improved White Cap Com. We would caution farmers, however, not to move Wing's White Cap Corn far north, or if they do so, to try only small amounts. Seed corn is peculiar in that if it must be moved at all, it should be moved south, not north. If moved east or west on its own latitude, it will not do quite so well, especially during the first and second year, as it does when not moved.- This condition we cannot explain, but it is invariably true. We have cautioned our customers in this regard ever since we began selling seed corn, and in consequence, those living north of us have tried it in moderate quantities at first, with the result that none of them have taken undue risks, and are therefore pleased with their results. We have been quite successful in moving this corn in its own latitude, and very successful in moving it south. WING'S ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY DAY WHITE CORN Some of our customers object to Wing's Improved White Cap, because, as they very truly state, it is a cross-bred corn. To these we would recommend this One Hundred and Twenty Day White Corn. It is a pure white variety, and has many points to recommend it. It is perhaps a few days earlier in maturing than our White Cap. The ears are not quite so long. Perhaps they would average an inch Wing's 120 Day White Com. —15— shorter than the White Cap. The cob is of excellent size, neither too large nor too small. The depth of grain is excellent. The corn is rough, a tntle rougher than the White Cap. The butts and tips are well covered, and the corn is quite unitorm. This corn has produced one hundred bushels per acre on moderate-sized acreage, and we arc sure that it will give a very good account of itself when given anyttiing like pood conditions. Fodder is medium to large, about the same size as w ing-s Improved Whatc Cap. WING'S ONE HUNDRED DAY WHITE CORN This variety we do not hesitate to recommend to those who live north of us. As its name indicates, it matures in about one hundred days, and we are franlc to say that it is of excellent type, that it is the kind of corn that will make the inost of its opportunities in the length of time it has in which to mature, and that in beauty it probably has the Improved White Cap beaten about a mile. It is remarkably uniform, and it is the type of com from which show ears can usually be selected. The ears range from seven to nine inches in length. The proportion of grain to cob is excellent, the covering of butts and tips is very fine, and the weight of the ears in proportion to their size is unusually good. It is a Pure white variety. We cannot see how it would be possible for this corn to yield as heavily as the Improved White Cap or as Wings One Hundred and Twenty Day, but many of our customers cannot use as late a variety as either of those, and to them we Wing's 100 Day White Corn. recoinniend the One Hundred Day White Corn without hesitation. Fodder is medium-sized, a little smaller than the average of fodder in this section. REID'S YELLOW DENT Everyhody knows what Reid's Yellow Dent corn is and we do not think it necessary to give a description. This is pure seed and good seed. It is a few days later in maturing than the Wing's Improved White Cap. It is probably the heaviest yielding yellow corn grown in this country and will fall not very far Reid's Yellow Dent. -16- THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED CO., Mechanicsburg, Ohio below the Improved White Cap in this respect. The ears are long, about the same length ai Wing's White Cap. The cob is of sufficient size to give strong constitu- tion. The depth of grain is a trifle less than with our White Cap. The grains are also a trifle smaller, and the ears and grain are somewhat smoother than Wing's White Cap. We recommend this corn to those who love Reid's Yellow Dent variety, and the only caution which we would give in regard to it is that we would not move it ten miles farther north than it is now. Fodder medium to large. WING'S ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY DAY YELLOW This is a pure yellow variety which ripens almost exactly with our White Cap. The ears are of very excellent size, and the general type of corn we like very well indeed. That is, we think it very well" adapted to this latitude and a variety that will certainly make good anywhere that it has a fair chance. The depth of grain is excellent. The form of ear, the proportion of corn to cob and the shape of grain is about all that could be desired. The corn has proven itself to be a very heavy yielder for as many years as we have had it under observation, and we take pleasure in recommending it as one of the very finest breeds which we know of for this latitude. Wing's 120 Day Yellow. CLARAGE CORN This variety is known the country over and is one of our most valuable kinds. Some of itsxgrowers claim that it will mature in ninety days. Our observation has been that it needs about ninety-five or one hundred, but certainly it is a very early variety, one that could be safely moved north, and one that will make good, as it does just as well as possible for every day which it has during its growing and maturing time. It is unreasonable to expect one hundred day corn to produce as many bushels per acre as one hundred and twenty day corn, but this corn will mature as much corn in one hundred days as any variety of yellow corn which we know of will mature in the same length of time. The quahty is very good Clarage Corn. —17— THE J.-E. WI.Nc; & BROS. SEED CO.. Mech.anicsbug, Ohio indeed, having great depth of grain and ver>' good uniformity, excellent covering over butts and tips. The proportion of grain to cob is very good. We unhesi- tatingly recommend this variety for those who live north of us or for those who need a quick maturing variety for late seeding. Fodder medium to small, averaging considerabl.N smaller than the average corn as grown in this country. SHIPPING SEED CORN We are willing to ship our seed corn either on the ear, which gives our customers an opportunity to see just what kind of corn they are getting, or to nub the corn, shelling off the butts and tips, shelling the remainder for seed corn and running through our frrader and cleaner, just as our customers prefer. The latter method makes more work for us, but in some ways, has advantages over shipping on the ear. The corn reaches you all ready to plant ; besides the probabilities are that you will get better weights than when it is shipped on the ear, for the reason that no method which we have found so far will prevent some of the corn being shelled on the road. Perhaps only a pound or so, but sometimes several pounds out of each bushel. While the railroad company is supposed to be responsible for this loss, they sometimes make us a great deal of annoyance and trouble when trying to collect claims of this nature. We find that the Wind's Improved White Cap shells about as little as any variety that we ship, and that the Clarage and Wing's 100 Day shell about as badly as any, for the reason that the larger the ears, the more compactly they fill the crates, and there is less friction, and, consequently, less shelling than in the smaller varieties. Frankly, we are sure that shipping corn shelled is a much more practical way than shippinc it crated, provided that you have a seedsman whom you can trust. We send out very little corn crated where there is not some loss from shelling on the road. It may amount to only a little, but it sometimes amounts to as much as ten pounds per bushel, which is a serious loss. Where it is not specified whether corn shall be shipped on the ear or shelled, we use our own judgment. The shelled corn is absolutely the same quality as the ear corn. We have no second grade com in our warehouse. We have built up our business so far almost entirely on the merits of our seeds. Only a little of it has been due to our advertising. In fact, we spend less niniuy in advert i'^inp than any other firm that we know of that handles as large a business as we do. We are able to do this simply because men who have used our seeds once, come back the second time, and also refer their neighbors to us. If it were not for this fact, we could not begin to sell the high class seed which we do without charging higher price. Our Seed Corn was all carefully selected this fall before heavy freezes. It was placed in our large, steam-heated warehouse in such manner that practically the ears do not touch each other excepting a little on the sides. This gives splendid circulation of air, and we have been able to dry the corn out in a very short time and to leave it in splendid condition. Our warehouse never freezes throughout the winter, and this corn will certainly have the strongest possible germ in the spring, much stronger than corn that has been exposed to the winter's freezing in cribs. Our corn is selected from the finest strains, having the best possible breeding behind it. .As long as such corn is obtainable, we think no farmer can aflford to plant ordinary corn on his farm. THE PRICE OF SEED CORN Just a word here as to the price of seed corn. .As compared with the results obtainable with the high-yielding, fine varieties of today, the price charged by any seedman is ridiculously low. Take wheat, for example. The farmer pays $2.00 per acre for his seed wheat. On one acre perhaps he will grow twenty bushels ; and if fortunate, he may secure $1.00 a_ bushel, or $20.00 per acre; thus, for $1.00 invested in seed wheat he secures $10.00 in grain. One bushel of seed corn will plant about six acres. If the farmer secures sixty bushels per acre, paying $3.00 per bushel for his seed, and sells this sixty bushels of corn at 50 cents a bushel, he obtains $30.00 an acre at an expense for seed at 50 cents for that acre. On the same ratio that he pays for his wheat, he could pay $1^00 a bushel for his seed corn, but if he is getting a variety of corn that will yield one hundred bushels per acre, he could afford to pay $30.00 for his seed corn. —18 CLOVERS The value of the clovers upon the farm can hardly be overestimated. They feed the soil and restore it to its original fertility, or even build it to a greater degree of fertility than it ever possessed. The best feed for all farm animals, clovers are rich in protein, that indispensable element that builds the red flesh and blood of the young animals, and that makes milk in the mothers. In all lands where agriculture truly flourishes clovers are much prized, and vifhere agriculture has reached its highest development there clovers are much used. A field of clover upon the farm is a sign of good land, and a good man managing that land. It is a sign of continuance in prosperity, and of increasing wealth in years to come. The story is often told that clovers do not thrive on old farms as they once did, but the reason of this is not far to seek — much of the virgin of the fertility lay in the stores of the humus, and this long continued cropping has exhausted. Clovers build up land, it is true, yet they need to be fed before they are set to work. Then from various reasons old soils have frequently become acid in their nature, and few clovers can endure an acid soil. The remedy for acidity of soil is lime, and in all regions where agriculture hat reached a high stage of development the use of lime will be found a regular farm practice, unless, indeed, there should be already sufficient lime mixed with the soil to prevent acidity. Millions of acres of unprofitable lands in the eastern part of America need a thorough liming as the first step toward a new fertility. Clovers enrich soils mainly by their ability to assimilate the nitrogen of the air, and this is done by bacteria living upon the clover roots. These digest the air that that is in the soil, and appropriate its nitrogen. In acid soils these bacteria cannot thrive, thus a sufficiency of lime is the first requisite for successful clover growing. DRAINAGE Nearly all clovers thrive best in well drained soils, because in such soils the air penetrates and the bacteria thrive, therefore, along with liming should go drainage If the soil is very heavy tenacious clay, it should yet further be loosened up by applications of coarse manure of any sort, even straw buried in the soil will aid in giving it life, and prompting clover growth. Tile underdraining, supplemented by lime and coarse manures, will bring luxuri- ant growths of clover, and this in turn will be followed by great crops of anything that may be planted thereon. FERTILIZERS Clovers also feed vigorously upon potash and phosphorus, so in applying fertilizers one should bear in mind the requirements of his clovers, and cater to their appetites, for by so doing he will stimulate their growth, and they in turn will feed the land for subsequent crops. RED CLOVER Red clover has long been the stand by the American farmer, and is in fact prized in other lands, although nowhere sown so exclusively as in America. There are two principal varieties of red clover — the Common, Trifolium pra- tense, and the Mammoth, Trifolium pratense perenne. The Common red clover is best for hay, and for rich soils. The Mammoth is best as fertilizer, and to be sown on bare or impoverished soils. Red clover is almost a biennial plant. Sown in the spring it makes a moderate growth the first year. The second year blooms profusely, makes seed, and most of it dies. It is not usually profitable to keep meadows of red clover past a second year, although when grasses are sown with the red clover they will come on after the clover is gone, and continue the sward. A partial exception to this is the Mammoth — it is almost a perennial. IMPORTANCE OF GOOD SEED Red clover seed, is often badly mixed with injurious weeds, such as buck- horn, plantain, dodder, etc. Great care should be exercised in purchasing clover seed since life is too short to be spent in eradicating unnecessary weeds. -19 - THE J. E. WIG & BROS. SEED CO.. Mech,\.n'icsburl;. Ohio We handle an export grade of Red Clover, which we call our W. B. brand. It is of a quality so superior, that we are forced to ask a rather high price for it, but there are very few seedsmen handling anj-thing as good as this is. Many of our customers have been surprised when they saw our seed, and they have stated to us that they have never seen any Clover Seed as good as ours. MANNER OF SOWING In the region of the corn-belt red clover must be sown in the spring or late winter. A very common practice is to sow it on the snow in the wheat, and this rather crude method is often successful. A much better practice, however, is to wait until the growing weather has set in in April, then to harrow the ground and sow the seed broadcast, covering it up again by lightly harrowing in a transverse direction. This harrowing will more likely benefit than injure the wheat, and will result in a far more perfect stand than one is apt to secure by sowing broadcast and not cover- ing at all NURSE CROPS FOR RED CLOVER Red clover really thrives better with no nurse crop at all, although a greater profit is usually secured by growing it with some grain. The best spring grain crop for sowinK with red clover is beardless spring barley. This barley, while not making the most bushels nnr perhaps the highest quality of barley, is a splendid nurse crop for any varieties of clover because of its habil of ripening early, its ability to stand erect without lodginfi upon most soils, and its habit of letting the sun in upon the clover In sowing clovers with barley one should use about 2 bushels of barley to the acre, and 10 or 1-' pounds of clover seed, when he will almost certainly secure a splendid growth of clover the same year, cutting the barley for grain in the usual manner. It is well to cut the clover that same year if it grows so rank that it per- mits It to bloom, since it will often die the first winter should it bloom profusely. Oats are also permissable as a nurse crop for clover, though they should be sown more thinly than is the usual habit, and if an early variety is chosen, all the better. To surely secure a stand of clover witli either oats or barley as a nurse, it is only necssary to cut the nurse crop for hay when it is in bloom, or a little later while the grain is in the milk, and a magnificent stand will surely follow. Some of the highest authorities recommend sowing red clover in the fall without a nurse crop, as being the most certain method of securing a good stand and a good crop of hay the following year. This is recommended to be done in August. Red clover will, for many years, continue to be the stand-by of the American farnipr east of the Missouri river, although here and there a man will be found who desires something better, and the better thing is alfalfa. Clover has this advantage over alfalfa, however, that it will thrive on poorer soil with less care and attention, although it will never make so great a profit. The man who wishes some day to grow alfalfa should always mix a small percent of alfalfa seed with his clover, say 10 per cent. This will give him a fair indication of the adaptability of his land to alfalfa culture, and at the same time be inoculating the soil with the alfalfa bacteria, and will make it easier to secure a stand of pure alfalfa, later. SWEET CLOVER Biennial, Height 3 to 6 feet This clover is grown for a variety of purposes. In the South it is much prized for hay and extensively grown for this purpose, but in the North stock refuse to eat it unless it is mixed with some other variety of hay, such as Alfalfa, On any impoverished land, this plant may be of great value, as it will grow on soil that is badly exhausted, and will build up the soil by the nodules on its roots, or it may be plowed under with even more beneficial results. Care must be taken that it does not take to the fence corners and become a weed. This plant is a biennial, and if it is not allowed to seed, it will disappear at the end of the scond year. Growing Sweet Clover as a preparataion for Alfalfa is to be rcommended. The same bacteria that work on the Alfalfa are also found on the Sweet Clover roots, and for some reason, the Sweet Clover will grow on any soil, apparently bringing its own inoculation with it. Thus it will inoculate your field, and in ad- dition, its rank growth makes excellent green manure when plowed under. The only warning must be, as before stated, not to allow the plant to become a weed. —20- THE J. E. WIG & BROS. SEED CO., Mechanicsburg, Ohio Alstke or Hybrid Clover. ALSIKE OR HYBRID CLOVER This clover appears to be a hybrid, be- tween red clover and the small white or creeping Dutch clover. It has the lower habit of growth of the Dutch clover, although it greatly exceeds it in size. It thrives on moister ground than red clover, and is at its best in rather a cool and moist situation. It usually en- dures for a number of years when well established. It is not to be recommended for dry soils or hot climates, but in a mixture of grasses for pasture or mow- ing it is very useful. Bees feed upon it well, and the seed crop is valuable. Alsike hay is exceedingly good. WHITE CLOVER This is a common little running white clover that establishes itself along road- rides and in pastures. It is rather small for hay, but affords a great amount of pasture of very nutritious quality, be- sides being an invaluable plant for the bees. No pasture should be sonw with- out an admixture of white clover seed, and as it has a habit of running and spreading rapidly over the ground, it is not necessary to secure a thick stand at first. It is a perennial, and may last for many years, although sometimes it will seem to come and go according as the seasons prove favorable or not. White clover should never be sown as a mixture with alfalfa, since it thrives too well in such companionship, and injures the growth of the alfalfa. Old grass pastures that are not so productive as they_ should be may be easily restored to several times their yield by tearing them up with a disc or any sort of harrow, sowing some white clover seed (with other clovers, also, if desired), and then feeding all the plants by a liberal application of fertilizer. This may be com- mon barn manure, or, if that is not available, some of the phosphoric fertilizers will suffice. These fertilizers are rich in phosphates, having a peculiarly stim- ulating effect upon clovers, and by inducing rank growth of them cause all the neighboring grasses to share in their thrift. REJUVINATINC OLD PASTURES Pastures are usually much neglected in America. In the Old World they are more highly prized, and farmers have learned better than we that they deserve feeding, and that it is profit- able to feed them. There it has been learned that to sow liberally of lime and phosphates upon old grass pastures will bring in perhaps, with no seeding ^^ at all, a rank growth of clovers. A ^^^ surer plan in our country, however, is T^? to follow the manuring with a sprinkle ^ of seed, usually a mixture of clovers, according to the nature of the soil, with the little white clover predomi- nating. White Clover. —21- THE J. E. WINC & BROS. SEED CO., Mecha.vrsburg, Ohio CRIMSON OR SCARLET CLOVER This is the "Trifolium" of England, and in soils suited to it, a grand plant. It is really an annual. Sown in mid summer or in tall, it lives throughout the one winter, blooms and makes seed, and dies early the next summer. It grows from one to three feit high, roots very deeply, is a bountiful storer of nitrogen and makes a mass of dark green leaved stems crowned with crimson or scarlet flowers. It is worth while growinj.' as a flower were it useless as a forage plant. Unfortunately crimson clover does not thrive well in most of the region of the corn-belt, but along the southern shores of the Great Lakes and along the sea coast, especially in Maryland, Delaware and Virginia and throughout the South generally crimson clover is a grand success, and coming in between crops it costs practically nothin!,; but the seed. It can be sown in the corn at the time of last cultivation, and turned under any time for a crop of corn next year. Plowing under a good crop of crimson clover is equivalent to applying twenty tons of stable manure. Like the other clovers it is greatly stimulated by the application of fertilizers rich in phosphates and potash, and the better it is fed the better it feeds the land. As a hay crop it is inferior to alfalfa or red clover, and must be cut before the flowers begin to harden since the seed heads are very unwholesome, and are apt to cause "hair-balls in the stomachs of animals. In England and Europe it is often used as a soiling crop fed to cows or sheep. Crimson clover is a much more efficient nitrogen gatherer when the land is inorulated with the proper bacteria, and although the first experience with crimson clover may be disappointing, one should persevere until the land is full of nitrofying bacteria, when the grandest results will follow From our experience with this plant we recommend its use south of the Ohio river and along the sea coast, and in exceptionally sheltered situations, like the shores of Lake Erie PRICE LIST OF BOOKS We are agents for books and circulars on alfalfa. Alfalfa — By D, F. Coburn. 160 pages, cloth. Price, postpaid, 50c. Table of contents includes chapters devoted to history, description, botanical position, varieties, length of life, habits of growth, penetrating of alfalfa roots, climate and soil, food for alfalfa, seed bed and preparation, time of seeding, quantity and quality of seed, method of seeding, nurse crop, treatment of young alfalfa, alfalfa for soiling, harvest- ing, comparison of yields, scientific feeding, alfalfa vs. corn, alfalfa for dairy cows, for swine, for horses, for sheep, as a honey plant, making a balanced ration, alfalfa in rotation, Turkestan alfalfa, alfalfa culture and insect life, disking and harrowing, enemies and friends of alfalfa, alfalfa in different states. Alfalfa — By F. D. Coburn. Profusely illustrated with about 30 full page plates of fine, clear photographs. Over 400 pages. Price, $2.00, postpaid. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Alfalfa for Horses and Mulci Alfalfa for Sheep Raising. Alfalfa for Bees. Alfalfa for Poultry. Alfalfa Food Preparations. Alfalfa for Town and City. Alfalfa for Corn Rotation. Nitro-Culture. Alfalfa as a Commercial Factor, The Enemies of Alfalfa. Difficulties and Discouragements. Alfalfa and the Orchard. Practical Experience with Alfalfa. We would also recommend to everyone who is interested in growing alfalfa t» write to the Ohio Agricultural Station for their Bulletin No. 181, on alfalfa. The Kansas Experiment Station at Manhattan, Kansas, has a very valuable bulletin on Alfalfa. Write them for Bulletin 155. Joseph E. Wing has just written a new book containing the most recent knowl- edge concerning the growing and harvesting of Alfalfa. We can burnish this book for $1.00 postpaid. —22— 1. History, Description. Varieties and Habits. 14. 2. Universality of Alfalfa. 15. 3. Yields and Comparison with Other Crops. Seed and Seed_ Selection. 16. <. 17. 6. Soil and Seeding. 18. C Cultivation. 19. 7. Harvesting. 20. 8. Storing. 21. 9. Pasturing and Soiling. 22. 10. Alfalfa as a Feed Stuff. 23. 11. Alfalfa in Beef Making. 24. 12. Alfalfa and the Dairy. 25. IS. Alfalfa for Swine. 26. GRASSES The most important and valuable of all the plants in the world are the grasses. "Grass is King." It embraces one-sixth of the whole vegetable knigdom, and is the true basis of agriculture in the highest condition. "No grass, no cattle; no cattle, no manure ; no manure, no crops !" It may be wondered why we should list more than one or two varieties of grass. It is true, however, that each soil and section finds a different grass to thrive best, aiid while some grasses are more assimulative than others, yet each one has its natural habit. For rich limestone soils with sufficient moisture, Kentucky blue grass is the best of all for pasture ; on thinner soils, and more away from the limestone, the Canadian blue grass thrives better ; on wetter lands and colder situations, with less lime, the red top is more successful ; for rich meadows with abundant moisture, timothy is easily "King" ; for dryer situation where drought is frequent, awnless brome grass {Bromus inermis), is unrivaled. There are soils where orchard grass is most profitable, and situations where rye grasses and other varieties will give the best results. Anyone who will stop to think a minute will see that theoretically grass mixtures are bound to be extremely valuable to the farmer, and we wish to emphasize the fact that the mixtures are just as valuable in practice as they look to be in theory. When- ever we seed down a piece of ground for pasture, we use grass mixtures, and in addi- tion to this, we thoroughly believe in disking them in to improve old pastures that are already established in grass. Where you have a variety of grasses growing in the same pasture, there will be some of them that will start very early in the spring, per- haps two weeks earlier than the ordinary pasture grasses. Here is where you begin to get the good of your mixture. After these earliest grasses have come, the others will follow, and probably during the best part of the summer you will have a very luxuriant growth of each one. You will be benefitted by this, not only by a larger yield of forage than you would secure from any one of them, but also by the fact that you will balance your ration, and the stock having so much variety will eat better and do better. Then, during the droughty period of the summer, some of the mixed grasses will do much better than the ordinary pasture grasses, they will stay fresh and green when the ordinary grasses will be dried up, and finally, some of them will be green much later in the fall than the ordinary grasses, so that you will have finer pasturage throughout the entire season from this mixture than you would have from any ordinary kind of pasture. The expense of having this mixture amounts to little more than where you have only two or three kinds of grasses. For ourselves, we would never be contented to seed a pasture without having a large amount of clover added to the mixture. The several different varieties of clover are all well adapted to this use, and not only do the stock thrive on them, but they enrich the soil at the same time and actually stimu- late the other grasses. We prepare a dry pasture mixture and a moist pasture mixture. These mixtures both contain the proper amount of clover and also a large variety of the finest pasture grasses. We would recommend, however, that our customers either re-mix these mixtures upon arrival; or that they order the clover separate and mix it after the seed has been received. This is because in shipping the proba- bilities are that the clover will settle largely to the bottom of the sacks, and not be properly mixed upon arrival. Upon request we will make this mixture in any proportions which our customers desire and from any varieties of grasses found in our catalogue. If you desire any special mixture or any special proportions, write us bpfore you are ready to order, and we will estimate the cost. Where it is left to our judgment, we will use in the Dry Pasture Mixture, the following varieties of seed : Timothy, Medium Red Clover, Mammoth Clover, White Clover, Orchard Grass, Tall Meadow Oats, Tall Fescue, Creeping Fescue, Sheep Fescue, Bromus Inermis, Kentucky Blue Grass, and Canada Blue Grass. Moist Pasture Mixture: Timothy, White Clover, Alsike, Medium Red Clover, Mammoth Clover, Bromus Inermis, Kentucky Blue Grass, English Rye, Meadow Fescue, Sheep Fescue, Tall Fescue, Red Top, Orchard Grass and Tall Meadow Oats. We advise sowing of the dry pasture mixture thirty pounds per acre, and of the moist pasture, thirty-five to forty-five pounds per acre. These amounts are in- tended for new pastures which are just being seeded down. In thickening old pastures much smaller amounts can be used to advantage. We have had many years experience with grasses, and the senior member of our firm has studied them in many states and foreign countries, and it is our desire to sell no seed that will not most benefit the customer, and we wish, therefore, to give the best advice within our power to every man that buys from us. —23- THE J. E. WINC; & BROS. SEED CO.. Mkchanicsbirg. Ohio AWNLESS BROME GRASS, Bromus Inermis Perennial, height, 3 to 5 feet This is a grass of comparatively re- cent introduction, although it has long been known and highly prized in h-u- rope, especially in the dryer parts ot Eastern Europe. Of the first importa- tion made bv the United States govern- ment, a few bushels of seed were sown on Woodland Farm, and some of this grass is still in existence. It is one of the most persistent grasses that we know, in fact this very persistency is sometimes urged against it, yet we have never failed to destroy it when we de- sired to plow and plant the field to corn. Brome grass resembles orchard grass some in its appearance, although of an entirely different manner of growth, since orchard grass grows in bunches and bronic grass makes a dense sod all over the ground. A thin stand of brome grass will soon thicken up and be thick enough. In truth, its tendency is to be- come too thick on the ground. We have found brome grass to be the hardiest of all the grasses, affording a "bite" earlier in spring and growing later in the fall than any other. Moreover, animals rel- ish, it greater than any other grass whether for pasture or for hay. We do not recommend brome grass so much for the meadow in Eastern sec- tions as for pasture, although in dry Western states it is perhaps the best meadow grass. In sowing brome grass for a pasture in the regions of the corn- belt it may be mixed with Kentucky blue grass, but should never be mixed with orchard grass, since animals relish the brome grass so much better than they do the orchard grass that they will graze only upon the brome grass as long as it can be found, and under such treatment it will presently disappear. Sown by itself it will stand almost any amount of close grazing, and if given a little opportunity it will soon recuperate and thicken again. Clovers or alfalfa should usually be sown with brome grass, since it thrives better for their company, and the grazing yielded is far more nutritious. It thrives well with red clover, little white clover or alfalfa. When alfalfa is sown for pasture it is well to sow a small amount of brome grass along with it, since then it yields a better balanced pasture ration, and animals thrive better than if eating the pure alfalfa alone. Furthermore, the danger of bloat in animals is very much reduced if they can graze a mixture of alfalfa and brome grass. Brome grass seed is often very seriously adulterated with cheaper and inferior seeds, or with seed that has lost its vitality. Only fresh seed will grow well, and only pure seed is worth sowing. It is easy to establish brome grass from good seed. The ground should be mellow and in good heart, and the seed sown at the rate of from 20 to 25 pounds per acre in early spring or summer. When alfalfa is sown with it, however, a much smaller quantity should be used. It needs to be covered lightly, and it is well if the ground is firm,, though it should not be hard. We find this grass well adapted to low and rather swampy ground, even where occasionally subject to overflow. On such soils it sometimes yields enormous quan- tities of good hay. While we have never weighed the hay from it, it has apparently produced four or five tons per acre for us. —24- Bromus Inermis. THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED CO , Mechanicsburg, Ohio In the course of years if the brome grass sod becomes so thick that the growth is retarded, it may be stimulated again by thorough disking, the sowing of clover seeds an an application of manure, either from the barnyard or of mineral fertilizers. We have no hesitation in saying that brome grass, in most of the regions of the corn-belt, will yield more and better pasture than any other grass, its only defect being that it seems a little hard to get out of the soil in situations where thorough tillage is difficult or impossible. ORCHARD GRASS Perennial. Height, 2 to 3 feet Orchard Grass. One of the most vigorous and pro- ductive grasses adapted to either meadow or pasture, and well suited to some regions where Canada blue grass and other grasses do not thrive. It is more vigorous than Canada blue grass, and yields much more forage ; it is not, however, of so high a qual- ity. It is relished by horses and most animals as patsure, but should be sown in a field by itself, so that when animals are turned to it they have no alternative but to eat it, else they will eat the other grasses too closely while neglecting the orchard grass. It comes very early in the spring, and may be cut for hay in June, after which it will yield a great amount of aftermath. It stands drought well, and is tolerant of poor soils and shade. It should always be sown in connection w'th clovers of one sort or another, since it thrives better and makes better grazing. Sow in the spring, 20 to 25 pounds per acre, on well prepared soil, cov- ering lightly. Red top, tall meadow oat grass or Canada blue_ grass may be sown in connection with orchard grass. TALL MEADOW OAT GRASS Perennial. Height, 2 to 4 feet This grass is recommended for permanent pastures on account of its starting so early in the spring, as well as furnishing abundance of late feed. It prefers deep, sandy soils, or soil on which clover thrives. Sow 40 to 50 pounds per acre. ENGLISH OR PERENNIAL RYE GRASS Perennial. Height, 15 to 24 inches A valuable grass for permanent pastures, or for lawn mixtures. It produces an abundance of fine foliage, forms a compact sward, and remains bright and green throughout the season. If cut while in bloom it is a nutritious variety for hay, although it become woody later. Thrives best in soil that is not too dry. Sow (if alone) 60 to 70 pounds per acre. RED TOP So well known as to hardly need description. It is often sown with timothy and. red clover to make a heavier yield of hay. It prefers moist, rich soil on which it should reach a height of from two to two and one-half feet. It is also recoin- mended in parts of the country as valuable grass for permanent pastures. Sow (if alone) about 40 pounds per acre. —25— Kentucky Blue Grass KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS Perennial. Height, 10 to 15 inches This is also too well known to re- quire description. We recommend sowing (if alone) about three bush- els per acre. This year we are selling both the Fancy Re-Cleaned Kentucky jBlue Grass and the Blue Grass Strippings. It is a recognized scientific fact that unhulled grass seeds possess greater vitality than hulled ones. A friend who has had a great deal of ex- perience with these grass strippings, advises us that he never has any trouble with the germination, and that he can always secure a more uniform stand than from hulled and cleaned seed. You will understand that these strippings include the stalk just as the plant is mown, but the most of the weight is actually with the seed. They require sowing by hand, and sometimes the bunches must be picked apart to prevent too much falling in one place. After scattering the seed, a weeder or light harrow should be run over them to cover lightly. TALL IVIEADOW FESCUE Perennial. Height, 3 to 4 feet A rather coarse grass l)iu very nutritious and productive, especially adapted to clay soils and shady woods. It is greatly relished by all stock when green, and is highly recommended for all permanent pasture mixtures. It also makes good hay. Sow (if alone) about 35 pounds per acre. RED OR CREEPING FESCUE Perennial. Height. 2 to 2 1-2 feet This grass is recommended on account of its ability to withstand drought. It roots deeply in the soil, and remains fresh and green when other grasses are appa- rently dried up. It yields a good bulk of herbage of fair quality. It is most nutritious at time of flowering. Sow (if alone) about 35 pounds per acre. MEADOW FESCUE Perennial. Height, 18 to 24 inches One of the most highly recommended of our natural grasses. It is verj nu- tritious and greedily eaten by all kinds of stock, and very fattening. It makes good hay, succeeds well on many kinds of soil, although best on moist land. One of the earliest grasses to start in the spring, and one of the latest in fall. (Sow (if alone) about 55 pounds per acre. CANADA BLUE GRASS Perennial. Height, 6 to 12 inches Succeeds on soil too por for Kentucky blue grass. It is well relished by stock, and especially recommended for cows. It should form a portion of the mixed grasses for permanent pastures in most parts of our country. Sow (if alone) about 40 pounds per acre. SHEEP'S FESCUE Perennial. Height, 6 to 20 inches This grass is especially recommended for good upland or dry pastures, and for sheep grazing, being very much relished by them. It is slightly deficient in quan- tity of forage produced but it is so nutritious as to counterbalance this deficiency. It is also recommended for lawn mixtures. Sow (if alone) about 30 pounds per acre. TIMOTHY So well known as to need neither description nor recommendation. We recom- mend sowing 20 to 45 pounds per acre. We handle only the very best seed, an export grade sold by few other firms. —26- MILLETS JAPANESE MILLET A tall growing and enormous yielding variety. It is sometimes 6 to 8 feet high. Does not lodge, and sometimes yields from 10 to 12 tons of green fodder per acre. When properly cured it makes excellent hay. I* is recommended that this variety be sown on good rich soil, and only in the northern states as it does not thrive south of the Ohio river. If sown early in May and cut when in bloom it will produce a fair second cutting. May be sown from the middle of May to the first of July. Broadcast, 15 pounds per acre, but it is better to sow in drills, 12 to 14 inches apart, using 10 to 12 pounds per acre, and hoeing between the rows to keep down the weeds until the plant is a foot high or over, after which time it will smother all weeds out itself. HUNGARIAN MILLET It is the quickest maturing of any variety of millet. May be sown any time during the summer up to the middle of August, thus being very valuable to substitute where another crop has failed. Sow about 48 pounds per acre. GERMAN OR GOLDEN MILLET Tennessee Grov;/n This stock is much preferred to the same seed Western-grown. Will grow in any climate or soil, and make a large yield of nutritious feed. Should be sown at the rate of 50 pounds or over per acre, any time between May 1st and June 15th; cover lightly. Cut while in bloom before the seed hardens. PEARL MILLET This is the largest variety of Millet grown. It looks very much like Sorghum, and we would take it to be of equal value. Under only moderate conditions it makes a large aomunt of forage per acre, and as only a small quantity of seed is necessary to sow an acre, it does not make an expensive forage. We grew an experiment patch last year, and we are pleased with the results. It may be sown broadcast, or drilled in and cultivated. The plants will grow from seven to twelve feet tall. SOJA BEANS This is a plant which we believe deserves a very much larger place in American agriculture that it is receiving. On our own farm we have been growing these beans for a good many years, and to say that we like them is putting it very mildly. They serve several purposes. The plant is a legume, and if the soil is inoculated with the proper bacteria the nodules on the roots will rapidly fill the soil with nitrogen. The grain of some varieties is one of the richest known feeds, analysis of the Ito San having run as high as 38 per cent protein, and the average of many anlyses being above 30 per cent. As a forage plant the proper varieties will make very large yields of hay, which, for nutrition, compares favorably with alfalfa itself. It is very valu- able also to mix with corn fodder for filling silos, our neighbor, Humphrey Jones of Washington C. H., usually growing 100 acres for this purpose. As grain they are very greedily eaten by all kinds of live stock, although they should be ground if fed to anything excepting sheep. We have fed these beans to our young Dorset lambs, and by their use have been able to entirely dispense with oil meal, as well as prac- tically all wheat bran, the beans, with a little ground barley and alfalfa hay, making so rich a feed that nothing else was required. They should be sown immediately after corn planting. Very many of our customers ask us which we would prefer for enriching the soil, Soja Beans or Cow Peas. If the seed of each were about the same price, we do not know that we would make very much difference between them. Some varieties of Cow Peas will make more growth than dwarf varieties of the beans but in most cases the Soja Bean, especially in its larger varieties, has the advantage in this respect. Sometimes the bacteria which are native to the roots of Cow Peas seem to be more common m the soil than those of Soja Beans ; that is, the Cow Pea more frequently inoculates itself than the Soja Bean does. We think that all of our readers realize the fact that a legume of itself is not necessarily any better than any other crop unless the bacteria, are present on its roots. In fact, a legume will impoverish the soil just like any other crop, unless the bacteria are present, so in this way the Cow Peas have a slight advantage over the Soja Beans. In another way however, the Soja Bean sometimes has the advantage; we plant from one-half bushel to one bushel Cow Peas per acre and about one-half that amount of Soja Beans, so that frequently an acre of Soja Beans may be planted more cheaply than an acre of Cow Peas. When this is true, and especially when you —27 can obtain one of the large growing varieties such as Medium Earlv Green, we preter the Soja Bean to the Cf^w Pea. This year on Woodland Farm we put out about a dozen varieties of Soja Beans, among these being some small plots from seeds lur- nished us by the U. S. Government, and we confidently believe that as soon as ^^''! j ^^ enough seed from some of these new varieties to sell from, that we will be ^^'^. give our customers several new varieties that are very, very far superior to anytni g which is being grown at present. For instance, we had one variety which for ^'J?^' hay or fertilizing, would exceed anything else which we know of in America, in variety actually grew six feet tall. The season was adverse to its seed forming, ana we obtained only a small amount of seed. We had other varieties that grew almost as large, and some of them were very heavily loaded. We would estimate that P^P^' ably one or two varieties might have yielded at the rate of somewhere between thirty and fifty bushels per acre. Unfortunately, our plots were very small, and of most oi these new varieties we have only about one bushel of seed. Next year we may be able to offer a little, but this year we cannot do so. ITO SAN This variety has been one of our standard beans for many years. It is an early variety, one that will mature beans even a long way north of us. It has plants of moderate size, not quite as good for fertilizing, silage or hay as the larger grow- ing sorts, but an excellent variety for grain. It should yield about 20 bushels per acre, and one of its strong advantages is that the pods do not break ana shatter the beans nearly as often as some of the other sorts. MEDIUM EARLY YELLOW This variety usually ripens a few days later than the Ito San It usually has vines a trifle larger and sometimes will oiityield the Ito San in grain MEDIUM EARLY GREEN This variety has a good deal larger vines than the Ito San ; it has large and heavy foliage; is a trifle later in maturing. We believe if it were possible to save all of the beans, that the Medium Early Green would be one of the heaviest yeWmg varieties which wc have. Onr experience with it has been that it must be handled very carefully or there will be a very larye waste through the pods shattering. We are glad to recommend this bean either for foliage or grain, with this one caution, that it must be handled just right in order to prevent loss of grain. CANADIAN FIELD PEAS These are very much recommended for fodder crop, especially for soiling. They may be fed either green or dry. As a fertilizer, also, they are very valu- able, succeeding on soil that is too poor to grow clover. They are usually sown with oats — one bushel of each per acre. If sown alone, sow IJ to 3 bushels per acre COW PEAS These have a dual purpose, and wherever they are needed they are in- dispensable to the successful farming of the country. They will grow on soil so poor or impoverished that it is nearly impossible to grow any other farm crop. If one or two crops of them are grown and turned under for fertilizer, this same soil will then produce fair crops of every sort. In the South they are very extensively grown also for hay, be- ing called the "clover" of the South. They are legumes, and gather nitrogen from the air to add to the soil. We strongly recommend growing a crop of these preparatory to attempting alfalfa, even on moderately fertile land. Sow in May or June, or after corn planting, from one-half to one bushel per acre. -28— VETCHES These plants should probably be grown more largely than they are. They serve as a valuable cover crop, afford abundant early spring pasture and may even be cut some for hay. When plowed under they greatly enrich the ground, and are largely used for this purpose. They are frequently sown in connection with oats or barley, rye or Mammoth Red clover, which serve as a support for the plants. The winter vetch will stay green all winter, and is one of the earliest crops to start in the spring. WINTER VETCH It succeeds on nearly any soil, and in this state should not winter-kill. Sown in August it should cover the ground before winter. Sow 40 to 50 pounds per acre. SPRING VETCH Usually sown with oats or barley. Sow about a bushel of vetch and like amount of grain per acre Will make a large amount of the finest feed early in the summer. TRUE DV\/ARF ESSEX RAPE This is a plant which is coming into such prominence that description or recom- mendation is really imnecessary. It is of the cabbage family, and in feeding the same results may be expected as would be from feeding cabbage, but at a fraction of the cost for growing. Nearly all shepherds who exhibit at fairs expect to make a large part of their gains from this plant. It produces an enormous amount of forage per acre, which may be fed with absolute safety to sheep, hogs or cattle. At the Michigan Experiment Station 128 lambs pastured on 15 acres of rape showed a total gain of 2,890 pounds during 8 weeks, which is 3 pounds per Iamb per week. Our seed is the True Dwarf Essex, and not the worthless annual. Sow 4 pounds per acre broadcast, or 2 to 3 pounds if in drills. WING'S SELECTED GRAINS SEED OATS, Swedish Select Last year we sold a carload of this variety, the seed coming from Montana. It was the finest seed we ever saw outside of a grain exhibit, weighing close to fifty pounds to the measured bushel. Many of our customers secured very fine results from these oats. In some places where all other varieties failed, ours gave a fair yield. In other places, when compared with other oats, ours produced much the heaviest yield of any. Our Swedish Select Oats have stood up admirably, having large, coarse straw. They have rarely rusted, and the yield under good conditions has been excellent ; while under adverse conditions, as before stated, they have fre- quently been the only oats in the country to yield anything at all. We have small stocks of these oats again this year. It is uniformly agreed by all that Northern-grown oats will usually out-yield those grown farther south. For Ohio conditions, it has been found repeatedly that oats grown as far north as Minnesota will heavily out-yield the home-grown oats. If you can secure two or three bushels more per acre by using selected Northern-grown seed, then it will certainly pay to grow them, even at the price we are compelled to charge for this seed, while the probabilities are that you will secure five or ten bushels more per acre, or even more than that. We will make an exception, however, of our customers in the South. We advise no one south of latitude 38° to use our Northern- grown oat seed. SEED OATS, AMERICAN WONDER This variety also comes to us from Montana, and is very highly recommended to us. We have not grown it ourselves as yet, and have purchased small stocks of it, until we determine just how valuable it is. The seed which we offer is ex- tremely large, plump seed, and will weigh over forty pounds to the measured bushel. SEED OATS, BIG FOUR Our stocks of this come to us from Minnesota. They are of good weight, very fine color, and the seed is free from noxious weeds. The Big Four is one of about six varieties that have been tested by the Ohio Experiment Station for many years, and they show practically as high an average as any. Careful farmers throughout the country who have tried this variety have urged us to purchase it, as it has proven so profitable to them. We have done so, believing with them, that this is one of the finest varieties for this state and the states adjoining us. -29- THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED CO.. Mkchanrsbi'RG, Ohio THE IMPROVED AMERICAN This variety is one of five which have shown the highest yield with a ten-year test given by the Ohio Experiment Station. We cannot recommend this oat too highly, fiur seed is absolutely pure. This oat is not only a heavy yielder, but has admiralile stiffness of straw and produces "highly under most conditions in this state. BARLEY CHAMPION BEARDLESS We are pioneers in growing beardless barley in Ohio. Somewhere ue read that it was a valuable nurse crop for meadows, and also that it was inval- uable feed for farm animals. We began growing it about ten years ago, and were so well pleased with it from the beginning that we have used it for a nurse crop on our farm to the exclusion of any other grain ever since our first experiment. It has short, very stiff straw and little foliage, and ripens only a little later than wheat, coming ofif the ground before the young meadow has begun to suffer at all. If sown as recommended it forms so little shade as to injure young meadows none whatever, and as it does not stool as much as oats and very rarely lodges, it practically never smothers the young meadow under it. If cut when in milk it makes a larf;e amount of very valuable hay greedily eaten by all kinds of live stock. If cut for grain the straw may be fed with safety owing to its being beardless, and the grain is very rich, good feed. We have had splendid results from it when fed to sheep. If fed to hogs it must be either soaked '■r ground, and should be mixed with oil meal, tankage or other feed to form a balanced ration. Sheep like it so well that it must be fed with caution until they are accustomed to it, but after this time is reached it may be fed liberally, and will give as good results as any grain with which we are familiar. Our Champion variety is the heaviest yielding variety known, and at the same time forms a very excellent nurse crop. It should be sown at the rate of about one and one-half bushels per acre for nurse crop, and for grain about two bushels per acre. Sow at oat seeding time. We also have a stock of beardless spring barley which was sold to us by farmers who could not tell certainly what variety it was. It is pure beardless, and has been yielding heavily for the men from whom we purchased it, but it is impossible to tell certainly what variety it is. We should sow from one and one-half to two bushels per acre of it either for a nurse crop or for grain. Champion Beardless Bai ley. WING'S BEARDED BARLEY The popular malting barley — this grain is too well known to require description. Our stock was grown in the Northwest, and should be of the strongest vitality, believe it cannot fail to give satisfaction. We ODERBRUCKER BARLEY This variety has been making a sensation in the Northwest, sometimes out- yielding all other varieties many bushels per acre. Our stocks come from reliable sources in the Northwest, and we believe, will please all who try them. RYE A valuable crop for soiling, green fodder, straw or grain. It is largely used by farmers to seed in the fall and pasture early in the spring. Our stock is Northern- grown, and will unquestionably give good results wherever sown. -30— BUCKWHEAT Our stocks are the best which we can obtain on market. We handle on a small commission, and our prices will be found to be on the market at all times. SEED WHEAT The Ohio Experiment Station has conducted long time tests of every variety of wheat of any importance grown in the United States. Their recommendations on this account should be very useful. They state that for Ohio conditions the follow- ing varieties have given by far the heaviest yields in these long time tests : Gypsy, Nigger. Poole and Early Ripe, with the Fultz. Fulcaster and Mediterranean as being well adapted to some parts of Ohio, though not to all of it. FULTZ WHEAT most widely known variety in this section of the country. It is a semi-hard, red grained variety. It is a heavy yielder, the stocks that we have purchased having produced about 30 to 40 bushels per acre. The straw is very stiff, and we can recom- mend this variety for strong ground. It is smooth, no beards. POOLE WHEAT Poole Wheat is another very well known variety, one that succeeds under a great variety of conditions, and is well liked in all the adjoining ;tates, as well as in Ohio. It is a smooth, semi-hard winter variety, a heavy j'ielder and a good milling variety. GYPSY WHEAT Gypsy Wheat is our pet variety. Highly recommended by the Department of Agriculture, our stocks being grown from seed that came directly from our Experiment Station at Wooster, therefore absolutely pure. A heavy yielding bearded wheat, succeeding well under varying conditions, stands wet weather well, stiff straw, long heads, an excellent milling variety. We cannot recommend this wheat too highly. In view of this statement we think Ohio farmers might as well confine them- selves to these known and tried varieties instead of buying the new and untried varieties offered by seedmen, the experimental work belonging rightfully to experiment station and it being less expensive to the farmer to allow them to do this. We will have next fall (1909) many, if not all, of these varieties of wheat to offer from the new crop, carefully selected and recleaned, and from the most vigorous stock obtainable. LIST OF LIME MANUFACTURERS Chewacla Lime Co., Calcis, Ala. B. E. Bowden, Calera, Ala. C. L. O'Neal, Calera, Ala. Shelby Lime Co., Calera, Ala. Birmingham Cement Co., Ensley, Ala. Standard Lime Co., Fort Payne, Ala. LeCarde Lime & Stone Co., Gadsden, Ala. Hurt & Co., Lime Rock, Ala. J. B. Adams, Long View, Ala. Long View Lime Works, Long View, Ala. Benton County White Lime Co., Bentonville, Ark. Alba Lime Co., Farmington, Ark. Ozark White Lime Co., Fayetteville, Ark. Crescent White Lime Works, Johnson, Ark. Fayette White Lime Co., Johnson, Ark. New England Lime, Brookfield, Conn. Anchor Lime Co., Canaan, Conn. The Stearns Lime Co., Danbury, Conn. —31- THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED CO., Mechamcsburg, Ohio Cedar Hollow Lime Co., ft. M.irket St., Wilmington, Del. Keystone Lime Co., ft. Market St., Wilmington, Del. .McCoy Lime Co., ft. Market St., Wilmington, Del. Whitelaiid Lime Co., ft. Market St., Wilmington. Del. Florida Lime Co., Ocala, Fla. Ladd Lime Co., C^artersveille, Ga. Graysville Mining & Mfg. Co., Graysville, Ga. Sciple Sons, * Central Ave., Atlanta, Ga. Hall Co. Hydraulic Works, Gainesville, Ga. M. M. Church, Graysville, Ga. Southern Lime Co., Arragon, Ga. Cable Lime Co., Delphi, Ind. Eichel Lime & Stone Co., Eichel Blk., Evansville. Ind. Wni. .Mf.cUerings Sons, 53 Murray St., Fort Wayne, Ind. Greencastle Brick, Stone & Lime Co., Greencastle. Ind. Caskalla Stone & Lime Co., Greencastle, Ind. Western Lime Co., Huntington, Ind. A. & C. Stone & Lime Co., Washington St. and Belt Ry., Indianapolis, Ind. \V B. Keeport & Co., Logansport, Ind. Mitchell Lime Co., Mitchell, Ind. Reimon & Stceg Co., f'dl Wabash St., Terre Haute. Ind. Bertram Lime Co., Bertram. Iowa. Di's Moines Fuel & Lime Cf , oil Mulberry St., Des Moines, Iowa. Ma-^on City Lime & Cement Co.. Mason City, Iowa Iowa Lime Co., Viola, Iowa. Artesian Stone & Lime Works, Grand and Campbell Ave., Chicago, 111. Southern Illinois Penitentiary, Menard, 111. Southwestern Contracting & Engineering Co., East St. Louis, 111. The Curry Fertilizer Co . Louisville, Ky. C. C Cook, Bowling Green, Ky. Limestone .Mining & -Mfg. Co., Ashland, Ky. Dickinson Llros., Glasgow, Ky. 1'. A. Blackwell & Co., Henderson, Ky. Union Cement & Lime Co., 4'21 W. Main St., Louisville, Ky. Utica Lime Co., 421 W. Main St., I-ouisville, Ky. Kruger & Sons, Mt. Vernon, Ky. Louisiana Lime Co., Xew Orleans, La. Fiske Homes X- Co., 164 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. Wallace Stone & Lime Co., Bay Port, Mass. Lee Lime Co., Lee, Mass. Alpena Lime Works, Alpena, Mich. W. F. Heames Co., 71 Wootlbridge St., Detroit, Mich. .Northwestern Lime Co., 71 Lower Levee St., St. Paul, Minn. Shakopee Cement & Lime Mfg. Co., Shakopee, Minn. H. J. Willis, 2d and Main Sts., Winona, Minn. Crystal Lime & Carbonate Co., Ellsberry, Missouri. Superior Crushed Limestone Co., Carthage, Missouri. Ash Grove Lime & Portland Cement Co., Ash Grove, Mo. Casper Stolle Quarry & Contracting Co., St. Louis, Mo. Crystal Carbonate Lime Co., Elsberry, Mo. Western Crushed Limestone Co., Carthage, Mo. Rockland-Rockport Lime Co., Camden, Maine. A. D. Bird & Co., 575 Main St., Rockland, Maine. Maryland Lime & Cement Co., Carroll Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Grove Lime Co., Frederick, Md. Superior Lime Co., Texas, Md. Baltimore Pulverizing Co., Baltimore, Md. Tabler Lime & Stone Co., Frederick, Md. Camden Lime Co., 12th and Federal Sts., Camden, N. J. Windsor Lime Co., Hamburg, N. J. New Jersey Lime Co., McAlfee Valley, N. J. Windsor Lime Co., Center St. Wharf, Newark, N. J. Barclay S. Smith, Camden, N. J. Russell Mfg. Co., Jersey City, N. J. Rochester Lime Co., 209 W. Main St., Rochester, N. Y. C. H. Coons, Germantown, N. Y. -32- ^Iirvnlckmant The following matter was crowded out of our regular OUppivlllulll. Catalogue, and we therefore issue it as a supplement. WING'S BOOK ON ALFALFA Note announcement on page 22. THE PRICE IS $2.00. POSTPAID; INSTEAD OF $1.00. A Field of Soys Just Before Ripening We estimate that this field would cut three tons dry hay or twenty-five bushels of grain per acre. As a rule, a man must be either a knave or a fool who prophesies, but hoping that we are neither one, we venture to make a forecast that this crop is destined to take rank close to medium clover; certainly we think that it deserves to do so, and the signs of the times point to its fulfilling our expecta- tions. If you will carefully study the statistics in our table of analyses, you will see why this crop deserves to take such prominence. It will be seen that the beans have a higher protein content than oil meal, that the hay from them has a higher protein content than Alfalfa. Note also the splendid amount of fat in the grain. Note that the green fodder contains a higher protein content than either alsike or medium red clover. Add to this the fact that with the new varieties it is easily possible to secure two to three or occasionally as high as four or five tons of dry hay per acre; that from twenty to thirty bushels of seed per acre are frequently reported; that the 'plant is a legume and adds fertility to the soil fully as rapidly as the clovers or other legumes; that it will grow on soil too poor or acid for the easy success of Alfalfa; and you have a splendid combination, certainly qualities that are hard to excel with any of our cultivated "crops. We know of no plant having a wider or more useful range of possibilities than the soy bean. When one stops to think of the great feeding value of the grain, of the entire plant's being very valuable for forage, of its being a legume and a heavy gatherer of nitrogen to the soil, and of the fact that it is by no means difficult to grow nor exacting as to the kind of soil it requires, he is bound to realize that it occupies a position unique among all our crops. Not only is the grain as nourishing as oil meal, but it is as greedily eaten as corn, and as easily digested as any grain we have ever fed. Moreover, there seems to be a tonic effect about the entire plant, and stock fed either the grain or the forage bei ome full of life and energy as with no other grain that we have f \ I r used. As a hay plant it certainly deserves to compare very favorably with anything that we are now growing, especially so when the best of the new varieties are iited. These are not only large enough to produce a great Muantity of ffed, but the stems are fine enough so that there would be less waste than with most of the old varieties. -Also the habit of the new varieties is much superior to that of most of the old oins the plants standing erect and being easily cultivated and easily harvested. In habit the soy bean is very far superior to the cow pea. the latter being recumbent and difficult to cultivate and to harvest. As a nitrogen-gatherer we are sure the soy bean has no superior, ;',nd where a crop to plow under is desired, nothing is better ihi-n the sny bean to add humus to the soil- Its possibilities for silasje have not been fully demonstrated, but it has been thoroughly tested in connection with corn, and in this way it makes as highly satisfactory a product as any that we know of, the beans greatly assist- ing to make a balanced ration. When all these facts are considered, and also that it will grow on either fertile or impoverished soils, either limestone or freestone, that while it is not quite a ■lazy man's ciDp." it is not particularly difficult to handle, its high value will be fully realized. Many times a meadow winter-kills, ai;d we need a catch crop to supply additional hay. Millet has bn^ii Uirgely used in the tiast for this purpose but soy beans mature so quickly, that they may be sown at the same time that you would sow millet, and the hay secured from them is so very much more valuable than millet hay, that thrie is no comparison between them. One hundred pounds of soy bean hay contain twice as much protein as the same quantity of millet hay. Space will not allow us to go into details in regard to this plant as we would like, hut a splendid bulletin has just been published by the United States Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C, Farmers' Bulletin 372. We wish that every one of our readers would send for this bulletin and study it care- fully. It gives complete instructions for growing soy beans, soil and climatic requirements, and much useful information in regard to the possibilities of this crop. Ten years ago, when bran was becoming high-priced, we began experi- menting with these beans, hoping to find a source of protein which would be relatively cheaper and belter than bran. At that time oil meal was worth only $20.00 per ton and bran about $li'. 00. Today, nil meal is worth from $32.00 to $35.00 and bran over $20. uO per ton. so that the reasons which existed then exist in .i greater (le;;rei' today. \\'e soon found that the soy bean grain was not only \ ery nutritious, fully taking the place of bran and oil meal, but that it was very easily dgiested by all kinds of stock, in fact, that it seemed to act as a tonic. The greatest gain we ever put on farm animals has been through using a grain ration largely composed of these beans. We feed them to sheep for the most part beiause our principal business on the farm is rearing and fattening sheep, but we also have fed either the grain or the forage to poultry, milch cows and horses, and have been thoroughly pleased with the results in each case. In our own experience we have for the '.lost part used the grain, although each year we have experimented somewhat Mith the forage. The only reason that we did not use the forage more was Ihat we had all the Alfalfa we needed, and it completely satisfied us. We do not think the beans will ever take the place of Alfalfa or medium red clover; we do think that they deserve to rank close to medium clover, and we believe that they will do so. In the Government Bulletin 372, we note with a little surprise that milch cows when tested by the Tennessee Experiment Station, gave better results both in milk and butter fat when fed on soy bean hay than they did when fed on Alfalfa itself. Note in this same bulletin the other splendid results shown by various Experiment Stations in feeding the beans to hogs and sheep. In past years many farmers have become disgusted with soy beans on account of the old varieties being poorly adapted to conditions existing in the corn belt. Some of these varieties were entirely too early and dwarf in their habits, others shattered so badly that it was almost impossible to harvest them. The United States Government has done some splendid work, testing each year two or three hundred new varieties, and the varieties today are so much better than the old ones that there is no comparison. Pra'ticaliy none of the new varieties are for sale as yet. but most of them will be in a year or so. Through the kindness of the Government we have been permitted to test some of the new varieties ourselves, and one or two of them we can offer in small amounts this year. ? MEDIUM EARLY YELLOW A variety secured by us from the Government two years ago, tested two years in succession in our special testing grounds ,and show- ing up to date the best yield of grain of any variety test- ed. This year the test was hardly fair, because this va- riety was thin on the ground, but we feel confident that when given a proper chance, the Medium Early Yellow will easily produce twenty- five bushels per acre. The plants are sturdy and erect, the panicles as thickly set with pods as it is possible for them to crowd on. The beans are good-sized; this also helps increase the yield. Their erect growth makes it easily possible to harvest them with a mowing ma- chine, and also makes it much easier to cultivate them. The stalks are rather large and coarse, making this variety a little less de- sirable for hay or silage than some of the other new va- Medium Early Yellow Soys dens'e'th''atSfcut°beTrJ\he ''"'' ^'^*'>''« "P'^'^'"^- ^^«t<^ '^-ct growth, stalks become 4ood'y,''they ^P'""^*'^ "--"t °^ ^^'^ S-- -<1 ^--S- would make excellent hay and lots of it. The height is three feet. They mature in one hundred and twenty to one hundred and twenty-five days. Medium Early Yellow Soys Nearly ripe. A pod everywhere that one can stick. 3 VARIETIES ADAPTED FOR HAY OR SILAGE We have tested for two years a few of the Govern- ment's best varieties suitable for hay or silage. These va- rieties have slender stalks and branches, abundant fo- liage, grow tall and stand very erect, making them easily harvested. They are also good yielders of grain. We have not as yet sufficient stocks to offer for sale, but hope to have small amounts to offer next year. One of these new varieties, the Cloud, would be splendid for ensilage, as it has all the characteristics needed for hay, and retains its leaves until the seed is practically ripe. We believe these va- rieties would produce about three tons dry hay per acre. ■^ ' 4 m \ Jf i ^r^ ^ t^ ■^ Ml \ ^.m J '^iM ^^ 1 Ito San Fully lipe and ready to harvest ITO s.\:v Height two feet to two feet, ten inches. Matures in one hundred and ten to one hundred and tewn- ty days. This has been our standby for ten years, and, especially for condi- tions north of parallel 41 degrees, it may be about as good a variety as we are likely to obtain. The Government still recom- mends it, and for an early variety it out-yields any- thing that we have tested. It should be no especial trouble to get twenty bushels per acre from it, and the plants are slender enough so that they would make excellent hay, al- though not as much of it as many of the new va- rieties; probably two tons per acre of dry hay would be the average with this variety. It does not stand as erect as the Med- ium Early Yellow, and on this account it is a trifle difficult to harvest the beans. OGEMAW AXD BROWNIE Are both almost identi- cal with the Ito San in their character and time of ripening. The yield of grain is not materially different. BEST LEGUMES FOR FERTILIZING PURPOSES Since we are very frequently asked what plant is best to sow for fertilizer, a word of explanation here might be in order. Crimson clover is hard to excel throughout the Atlantic or Southern states. The seed is ordinarily very low- priced, the plant succeeds on very poor ground, adds much nitrogen or humus to the soil if plowed under, and fits into any rotation admirably, because it may be grown without seriously interfering with any other crop. Winter Vetches are splendid winter cover, more nutritious than alfalfa, good pasture. Cut one or two tons of hay per acre. Especially valuable in the south. Sweet clover has the advantage of inoculating the soil for Alfalfa, of making a ranker growth than the crimson, of seeding itself, and a very poor field may be left sown to it for any required length of time, becoming more fertile each year. Mammoth clover has the advantage of being pretty good feed in addition to being a good fertilizer. Cow peas belong to this same class, and, especially throughout the South- ern states, it is hard to excel them. They are probably not quite as good feed as mammoth clover. Soja beans may be used in the same way, the principal advantage of their use being that they are better adapted to northern conditions than cow peas. They are also much easier cultivated and harvested. The disadvantages ot these plants may be stated as follows: Crimson clover is only moderately good when cut for hay, it succeeds better in the South and in the Atlantic states than it does in the Corn Belt, where it frequently winter-kills. Sweet clover cannot he counted on much for feed excepting as far south as Alabama, and as before stated, it must not be allowed to escape from cultivation. The only fault to find with mammoth clover is that the seed is usually a little higher priced than that of the other plants of this class. There is no objection to cow peas nor soja beans. Vetches have high priced seed, and especially in northern states are uncer- tain, we believe on account of lack of inoculation in northern soils. They are recumbent and need oats, barley, etc., to hold them up, if intended for hay. THEORY OF MEADOW ANJ) PASITIRE MIXTURE Mixtures are absolutely all right. Two grasses grown together will nearly always yield more than when they are grown separately. Three or more grasses will nearly always yield more than two grasses, or than when all are grown separately. Furthermore, two or more grasses grown together exhaust the soil less rapidly than one grass grown alone. Upon these principles rests the entire theory of all mixtures. For example, timothy and medium red clover grown together will make a larger yield than either one grown singly; the addition of red top will still more increase the yield; the addition of alsike will still further increase it, and improve the quality as well. TEMPORARY .MEADOW AND PASTURE MIXTURES Meadows intended to be plowed up in three or four years time will yield more and better feed when a mixture is used than when one grass is sown alone. The same theory applies to this that applies to all other mixtures. If you care to avail yourself of our knowledge and experience in this matter, we will be glad to make special meadow mixtures for either moist or dry soils, for limestone or freestone soils, and to make mixtures containing either a preponderance of clover or a preponderance of timothy with some clover. We will make the same rule about this that we make about our other special work, and will decline to make special mixtures during our rush season (March.) PERMAIVENT MEADOW AND PASTURE MIXTLTtES We make a specialty of meadow and pasture mixtures. This our practical knowledge of the subject enables us to do. We have carefully studied all the grasses, and the clovers especially, for many years. We have studied them not only at home, but in all sections of the country. We feel entirely competent to make mixtures for any purpose, and have furnished tljem for a number of large estates in different parts of the United States. We have some demand for permanent meadow mixtures, but have not handled these heretofore, because we thought the principle bad; that meadows should not be left in permanently; but where it is desired to cut for hay for one or two years and then turn into a pasture, as many farmers wish, the idea is all right, and this year we are preparing mixtures for this purpose. Our dry and moist permanent meadow mixtures are designed for this purpose. We do not sell or recommend any mixture which is expected to be cut for hay for more than two or three years at the outside. Alfalfa can be cut for more years than this, but no mixture with which we are familiar can be recommended for this purpose. Upon request, and upon receiving careful description of your soil, we can vary these mixtures to meet special requirements, and are glad to do so without extra cost. However if you want special mixtures, by all means give us your order before the rush season, because we have all that we can possibly do with our regular work at that time, and cannot possibly get out special mixtures. WING'S SELECTED GRAINS SKF.I) O.IT,^ We give below the five years average yield of nineteen varieties of oats, as lested by the Ohio Experiment Station. Last year, we sold Sixty Day, Improved American, Big Four and two varieties taken from Montana, the Swedish Select and .American Wonder. Each year for a number of years we have sent out return postal cards asking our customers tor the yield of the grains which we sold them. The replies received this year have been so favorable for the Improved American that we have purchased our largest stocks from this variety. However, each of the other varieties showed exiellent results, excepting the .American Wonder, which we are discarding. These are all splendid varieties, the very best that we can secure, rust resisting, and with stiff straw, making them well adapted to the fertile soils of the corn belt. Their vigor makes them equally adapted to poorer soils. OHIO AfjniCUIiTlUAL EXPERIMENT STATION. CIRCUI.AR NO. 88 Experiments With Oat.s NAMh OF VARIETY 5 Year Averafie Yield Wl. per bu. lbs. , Straw per bu. of grain, I lbs. Length of season days Stiffness of straw 66 Siberian 7 Sixty Day G Improved American 6 Illinois German 6 Joanette 6 Green Mountain 6 Big Four r. Silver Mine f' Czar of Russia Morgan Feller American Banner Wilson's Prolific Tjincoln Twentieth Centur>' Swedish Select Golden Fleece Monarch Seizure Long's White Tartar Alaska Watson Wideawake . Welcome riydesdale Farly Champion ,46 36 Mi) .97 94 70 .1 4 f.S 75 01 46 43 86 58.66 8.1 Yearly average 64.69 27.90 26.30 26.55 27.90 28.75 26.35 29.15 29.85 28.95 27.90 27.05 27.50 28.80 27.80 26.00 28.10 29.15 24.25 29.20 2n.20 ■2'i 45 2S 55 27.35 26.90 28.6.1 27.82 44.0 4 2.7 44.1 43.6 .■;8.6 .■;9.9 42.5 43 6 43. :i 4 5.7 46.5 40.1 4 2..S 4 0..S 43.2 52. .S 4F, 7 46.7 45.5 58.5 50.9 52.3 42.7 105 95 106 liii; 11)6 1116 lor, 104 106 106 105 104 105 105 105 106 101 109 104 101 104 105 104 104 100 S2 87 87 85 85 88 90 88 87 82 82 83 82 92 92 85 92 78 87 89 79 The Relation of Rate of Seeding to the Yield of Grain. Average of Four Varieties 4 pecks 5 pecks 46.77 6 pecks 47.22 7 pecks 48.50 8 pecks 49.83 9 pecks 51.17 10 pecks 50.86 43.60 11 pecks 61.86 SEED WHEAT We give below results of the Ohio Experiment Station's long time test with twenty varieties of seed wheet. For some years we have been especially recom- mending the Gypsy, and this test certainly should be convincing proof of the splendid yielding qualities of this variety. Our stocks of Gypsy are descended from wheat secured from the Experiment Station itself. Poole wheat is another of our favorites, partly on account of its stiff straw, and for the same reason the Fultz is a third. Last fall we were unable to obtain the quality we wanted either in Fultz or Poole, therefore we handled only the Gypsy; we hope to be more fortunate this year, and to have the Poole, and, if possible, either Nigger or Fultz. These are all good varieties. Their real merit is shown by the table. All have stiff straw, making them well adapted to corn belt conditions. All have plenty of vigor and will make good on poor soils. OHIO AGBICULTURALi EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 185 Experiments With Winter Wheat Yield of grain alone being considered, the best ten varieties, in the order of their rank are: Gypsy, Early Ripe, Poole, Nigger, Perfection, Mediterranean, Valley, Currel's Prolific and Dawson's Early Chaff. Ranking the several varieties as to yield, weight per bushel and protein content, giving 60 points to yield, 25 points to weight per bushel, and 15 points to protein content, the ten varieties scoring highest are: Gypsy, Early Ripe, Nigger, Poole, Mealy, Gurrell's Prolific, Valley, Red Wonder, Democrat and Fulcaster. It is believed that the first four varieties of this list will prove quite generally satisfactory over the state. Experiments in thick and thin seeding, covering eleven years' work. Indicate that 8 to 10 pecks of seed per acre will give better results than a less amount of seed upon the somewhat worn lands of the state. Results of Experiment With AVheat at Wooster, Ohio. Yield of 20 Varieties Eleven Year Average Gypsy Poole I Nigger Perfection i Dawson's Golden Chaff Valley Early Ripe .• Mealy Harvest Kins' Deitz , Fulcaster Nixon Lehigh Mediterranean Fultz Hickman Budy • • American Bronze Velvet Chaff Turkish Red COLOR Smooth or Bearded Acre Grain Chaff Bearded i Red 1 White 30.49 Smooth ' Bed Red 29.85 Bearded i Bed 1 White 29.61 Smooth Bed Red 29.60 Smooth 1 White Red 29.56 Bearded Bed White 29.4B Smooth Bed Red 29.02 Smooth Bed ! White 28.85 Bearded Bed Red 28.77 Smooth Bed White 28.18 Bearded Bed White 28.08 Smooth Bed White 27.74 Bearded Red Bed 27.44 Bearded ' Bed Bod 27.43 Smooth ! Red White 27.18 Smooth Red White 27.13 Bearded i Red White 26.40 Smooth ' Red White 25.70 Bearded i Red j Bed 25.62 Bearded | Red White 23.09 Tliick and Thin Seeding Test With Seven Different Varieties of Wheat. Average for 15 Years 3 pecks per acre. . 4 pecks per acre. 5 pecks per acre. 6 pecks per acre. 7 pecks per acre. 8 pecks per acre. 9 pecks per acre . 10 pecks per acre. Bushels per Acre 19.61 30.93 22.07 23.26 23.00 24.27 24.89 24.97 FKESH OR Alll-UKV SI HSTANCE Hay and Dry Coarse Fodder Iiegnimes Alfalfa 1 '-li_>\er, medium 1 Clover, mammoth J *Jlo\er. alsikc 1 Clover, white 1 Clo\fer. crimson 1 i:ii:;anK. soy, average 1 Cow pea 1 \'-tLl,^.sl Other Forag"e Plants Llarlei'. LUL 111 (luiK - tJats, cut in milk _ Canada Blue c i a.^.- ;j Tall Meadow uat ,^rass o . . . Timothy, cut soon aflei i ljloom-1 I I'crennial rye grays U Kentucky blue gias--. cut \^■lth -seed in milk 1 Meadow fescue 1 < Ji cliard grass 1 ; Kcd tofi, cut in bloom 1 I .^liecps fcsi lie J (ieTman millet o 1 luii;;ai Kill millet :\ I'eail millet 3. . . . . j Llrornus I neniii s ;, , Green Fodder < ■oni loOdei ;;.... .■-^ u^ar cane 11 . . . . i .l.ipane>,.. millet 2 lied lest. U(-, in bloom ."> j 1 'ei-ennial vye grass, in bloom o KentiK k>- blue grass, in blonm3l iMe.ndow fesEUc, in blooms. ' CTibaid grass, in bloom;:..- , lied to]>, 1 n bloom 3 .Sliet ps le-. ao " Leg^unies Altalki. in bl...iiii 3 cio\'ci-, medium, in bloom 3 . . Cln\-er, alslke. in bloom 3... Clo\-er. white, in bloom 3. . . clo\-er. sweet, in bloom 3 . . .'-^' i\" beans 3 Cow I'eas 3 Grains and Seeds rie.an.'^. ."^ox- i I '' 'W pe 1 1 ".lick wheat 1 'Waste Products Wheat bran 1 Linseed oil meal, old process 1 Cottonseed meal 1 Water « 8.4 UO.S L'1.2 11.3 10.7 n.3 15.0 1 .'. ij 14..; 14.3 14.2 14.0 21.4 20 n !'.;i S.7 8.1 25.4 T'l.;: 7'i. I 7.', ii..( i;:i.s 71.7 78 2 70.5 74. .S 11. !l in.'i 10.;) II. 0. 10 5 11, i; 12 e, 11.9 9.2 Protein 14.3 12.4 10.7 12.8 1.-..7 1.5.2 15.4 1 ij.tj 17.0 .S.S 10. S 7.0 8.1 S.n 7 4 I. 1 l.S 1.3 2.1 3.5 2..S 4.i; 2.7 2.1 4.2 4.3 3.8 4.4 35.4 23.5 12.4 10.5 11.8 11.9 10.6 10.0 15.4 32.9 4 2.3 Carbo- hydrates Fiber 4.5 3.9 2.9 2.fi J 1 2.1 2.1 II S l.S o.r, 0..-I o.r. 0..-I o.:i 1.1 OS 0.7 1.1 1.1 0..S O.'l O.'l 1.4 0.4 0.9 0.4 20 3 1.7 1 .S 5.4 5.0 2.1 1.7 7.9 13.1 42.7 25.0 S3.S 21.9 33. i; 24.5 40.7 2o,i> 3H.3 24 1 30. li .1 ^ .-( 38.11 22.3 4 ■' ■' 20.1 3(1.1 25.4 4 4.9 24.7 39.0 ■"I ■' .f.o.i 17 ;i 4 2 S 2 1.3 44 i; 28. 1 4o.:> 25.4 ;;4.2 24,r. ;;,s.4 2.'> :t 41.0 3 2.1 40.4 2;i.;i 14.7 11.'; I 1.2 21.9 20.9 15.3 i;; 4 II 1 9.4 12.0 11.5 7.1 2C.1 55 7 09. S 09 i; b;i.7 71.9 72.5 64.5 53.9 35.4 23.6 1.11 II 1 7 s 11.1 4^2 10 .". 5 7 r, 7.3 4 7 6.5 7.2 4.7 4.6 3.,? 2.7 2.1 9.5 l.S 1.7 8.7 9.0 8.9 5.6 Ash 7.1 o.i; 0,1 S 3 S.3 S.6 G.S 6.0 4.;i 4 3 5.9 5.9 6.5 1.1 1.1 1.5 2 1 2.0 1.8 l.S l.S 2 S 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.7 6.7 3.4 2.4 1.5 3.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 5.8 6.7 7.2 1 — U. S. Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin 22. 2 — Feeds and Feeding — Henry. 3 — U. S. Department of Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 11. 4 — U. S. Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin 372. 5 — U. S. Department of Agricultural Statistics, given us personallr not published. PUBLISHED BY THE WING SEED CO. MECHANICSBURG, OHIO THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED CO., Mechanicshurg, Ohio Catlin & Miller, Owego, N. Y. John Heimlich, Le Roy, N. Y. Genesee Lime Co., Honeoye Falls, .\'. Y. New York Lime Co., Carthage, N. Y. Beaver Creek Lime Co., Kinston, N. C. Kelly Island Lime & Transport Co., Rockefeller Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. J. II. Conklinr;, Gilbert Ave. and Court St., Cincinnati. Ohio. Ohio & Western Lime Co., Sugar Ridge. Ohio. The France Lime Co., Bloomville. Ohio. Ohio & Western Lime Co., Fostoria, Ohio. Casparis Stone Co., Columbus, Ohio. Bellefonte Lime Co., Bellefonte, Pa. Easton Lime Co., Easton, Pa. Knickerbocker Lime Co., Frazer, Pa. Knickerbocker Lime Co., 3(JC X. 44th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. Thos. Robinson & Co., 1404 Real Est. Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. .\. C. Morris Lime & Limestone Bid., Empire Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. C. & W. H. Carson, Plymouth Meeting, Pa. Todd & Son, Port Kennedy, Pa. Pearson Plaster & Supply Co.. 1-1 Green Ridge St., Scranton. Pa. York Valley Lime Co.. Howard & Mason .Aves.. York, Pa. M- E. Reeder, Muncy, Pa. Carroll & Co.. Gaffnev, S. C. W. H. Richardson & Co., Gaffncy. S. C. Lime Stone Springs & Lime Co., Spartanburg. S. C. Gager Lime & Mfg. Co.. Chamberlain lildg.. Chattanooga. Tenn. Tenn. Marble Lime Co., Houston Bldg.. Knoxville, Tenn. Wright Lime & Cement Co.. 38 S. Third St.. Memphis. Tenn. Tennessee Cement & Lime Co., 243i 4th A\e., N'., Nashville. Tenn. Gager Lime & Mfg. Co., Sherwood, Tenn. Acme Cement & Plaster Co., .Acme. Tex. Austin While Lime Co.. .Acme, Tex. Alamo Cement Co., 207 Main Ave., El Paso. Tex J. C. Diclman, 305 E. Commerce St., El Paso, Tex. Ft. Worth Lime Works, Pine & Kennedy .St., Ft. Worth, Tex. Will. Walsh & Co., Round Rock. Tex. Brandon Lime & Marble Co., Leicester Junction. Vt. H. C. Palmer, New Haven. Vr. Rockbridge Lime Co., Lexington. Va. E Dillon's Sons, Buchanan, Va. Rivcrton Lime Co., Riverton, Va. A. S. Lees & Sons Co., 108 S. 13th St., Richmond. Va. F(. iiswnrth Lime Works. Staunton, Va. M. J. Grove Lime Co., Stephens City. \'a. Eureka Lime Co., Vicar Sv/itch, Va. Powhattan Lime Co., Sirrisburg, Va. .•\rthur F. Garbcr. Jfarble Vai'ey. \'a. Rockbridge Lime ami Stone Co.. Lexington, \'a. T. C. Andrews & Co.. Norfolk, Va. Mil'.vaukee Falls Lime Co., Humboldt Ave., Milwp.ikee, Wis. Siiclioygan Lime Works, Sheboygan, Wis. Standard Lime & Stone Co.. Buckhorn, W. Va. Greenbrier Portland Cement Co.. Fort Sprirj: W. Vt. 'vVasiiington B'dg. Lime Co.. Bakcrton, Vv' Va. He.'ekiah AfcDowell. Mart:nsbnrg. Vv. Va. Stsi^da^d Lime & Stone Co., M,'r-tinsbi"'g, W. Vj V'rgi'iia Lip.f. S- Ceme'n Co.. Psrs'Tns, V/. V?. Standard Lime & Stor: Co.. K'-z-v-.s^i'ilt ".V. Vt. Harcers Ferry Lime Co YnUvv]'- W. Va. I IU:SH OR AHM)RY Si HSIANOK Hay and Dry Coarse Fodder Ali'alia 1. laegmnes medium 1 mainmoLh ::. . . alsiku 1 while 1 crimson 1 iveragre 1 . C 1 L' \- u r . Clover, Clover. Clu\'er. Clo\'er, Lieans, soy. Cow pea 1 \"etclies 1 Otlier Porag-e Plants Barley, cut m null; J. . . . Oats, cut in milk j Canada Blue Grass u Tall Meadow Oat tr'^i^s Timothy, cut soon aftei bloom-1 I'crennial rye i,'iass 2 i-Centucky blue grass, cut seed in milk 1 fescue 1 . grass 1 cut in iitiioiii fescue J millet o millet .;,... ' lilue grass, in bl(>nn-i3' M. :i,Imw fescue, in bloom .'J . (jrthaid grass, in bloom;!, ivcii t"]!. in bloom '.i i ■^h I'' Alfalfa, Lc; ue .' . fiiines d 1 um. in l-Ioom ; * "li'Vci , a I ■■ 1 1. c. m i '[com 3 . < ']i)\ cr, whi [e, in bloom 3 . . Clover, sweet, in blnomS. Sny tjeans .; Cow jteas .; Grains and Seeds rican^-, Sov 4 t 'u\v ]><-D.s 1 - - Barlev 1 . . Corn i . "J.-Us 1 W'lieat 1 Rye 1 Buckwheat 1 Waste Products Wheat bran 1 L,inseed oil meal, old process 1 Cottonseed meal 1 Water Protein Fat « Carbo- hydrates * Fiber .A ill * s^^ 14.3 ., .^ ' 42.7 25.0 7.4 IJO.S 1_'.4 4 5 33.8 21. :i 6.6 L'1.2 10.7 3 '1 33. (> 24.5 6 1 1 ■' ^ .1 ., 4 0,7 2 0,6 .1 ., 24.1 8.3 :•.'] 1.V2 2.S 31'. il 2 7,2 8.0 11.3 15.4 38 !■ ' - 10.7 1 li.tj .1 1, 4 2.2 ( .' 11.3 1 I7.n 2 3 .■lij.l 25.4 15.0 ,S.S 2.1 14. :i 24.7 4.2 13.0 !• 3 3;i.O n.;! 7.il 5 II 1 ".1 14.3 1II..S 2 1 4 2 8 ' "^ H.2 r - 3.1) 44.i; 28.1 4.4 7.9 11.0 10.1 2.1 40. .i i 1 1 L'0.0 1. 3 7 i.l 2.0 34.2 .38.4 41 II 24.5 32- 4 7.00 6.S 6.0 4.9 - 1 4 3 5.9 n.n I'l ■^7 7 S^l 7 1 7 1 2 I 8 I'l 4,0.6 27 7 ; 31.5 5.9 6.5 25.4 II 1 8 7*1 ;; l.N 5 ; 12.1 ; 4.!i 1.1 7:* 4 1 :; II ' 11. G 1 i: 1 7:..n i; j.o L 1 " 5 o.r. 0..". 13.1 21.0 ' 7.8 11.1 1.5 2 1 7 I..I -..^ o.:i H,7 :>.'■' 1,8 4.i; 1 1 11,3 4.2 t; '1 s s 1 4.2 10..'. 1,S si^i 2 1 4.2 7 1.1 12.2 21. :i 5.7 S.5 l.S 2.S 1..-. 1.1 20. U 11.0 2.5 70.1 ,'..l) o.s 1 16.3 6.6 H 1.;; n.:i 13.4 6.5 2.2 7 1.7 ,1.,S 0.:i 11 1 7.3 1.9 78 ■"■ 4.4 1.4 n. 1 4.7 1.7 0.4 12 6.5 1.6 7 1 S .) 1, 0.!l 11.5 7.2 2.3 S.".5 2.3 0. 1 7.1 4.7 1.7 7.7 35.4 20.3 t 26 1 4.6 5.7 1 l.ll 23.5 1 1.7 55.7 3.8 3.4 III '1 1 ' 1 1.8 c;i 8 2.7 2.4 lO.H 10 r, 5.4 n;i i; 2.1 1.5 n.o 11.8 5.0 50.7 9.5 3.0 10.5 n.:i 2.1 1 71. :i 1.8 1.8 11.6 10.6 1.7 1 72.5 1.7 1.9 12.6 10.0 1 64.5 8.7 2.0 11. S) 15.4 4.0 53.9 9.0 5.8 9.2 32.9 1 7.9 35.4 8.9 5.7 8 2 4 2.3 1 13.1 23.6 5.6 7.2 1 — U. S. Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin 22. 2 — Feeds and Feeding — Henry. 3 — U. S. Department of Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 11. 4 — r. S. Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin 372. 5 — U. S. Department of Agricultural Statistics, given us personallr not published. PUBLISHED BY THE WING SEED CO. MECHANICSBURG, OHIO THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED CO., MECHANicaBUKG, Ohio Catlin & Miller, Owego, N. V. John Heimlich, Le Roy, N. Y. Genesee Lime Co., Honeoye Falls, .N;. V. N'cw York Lime Co., Carthage, N. Y. Beaver Creek Lime Co.. Kinston, N. C. Kelly Island Lime & Transport Co., Rockefeller Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. J. II. Conkling, Gilbert ,-\vc. and Court St., Cincinnati. Ohio. Ohio & Western Lime Co.. Sugar Ridge, Ohio. The France Lime Co., Bloomville, Ohio. Ohio & Western Lime Co., Fostoria, Ohio. Casparis Stone Co., Columbus, Ohio. Bellefonte Lime Co., Bellefonte, Pa. Easton Lime Co., Easton, Pa. Knickerbocker Lime Co., Frazer, Pa. Knickerbocker Lime Co., 3(j(j N. 44th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. Thos. Robinson & Co.. 14U4 Real Est. Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. A. C. Morris Lime & Limestone Bid., Empire Bldg,, Pittsburg, Pa. C. & \V. H. Carson, Plymouth Meeting. Pa. Todd & Son, Port Kennedy. Pa. Pearson Plaster & Supply Co., 121 Green Ridge St., Scranton, Pa. York Valley Lime Co., llowani & Alason .^ves,. York. Pa. M. F,. Reeder, Muncy, Pa. Carroll & Co., Gaffney, S. C. \V. H. Richardson & Co., Gaffney, S, C. Lime Stone Springs & Lime Co,, Spartanburg, S. C. Gagcr Lime & Mfg. Co.. Chamberlain Bldg.. Chattanooga, Tenn. Tenn. Marble Lime Co., Houston Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn. Wright Lime & Cement Co., 38 S. Third St.. Memphis. Tenn. Tennessee Cemeni & Lime Co., 243A 4th .-\ve., N'., Nashville. Tenn. Gager Lime & Mfg. Co., Sherwood, Tenn. Acme Cement & Plaster Co.. .^cme, Tex. Austin White Lime Co., .Acme, Tex. Alamo Cement Co., 207 .Main Ave., El Paso. Tex. J. C. Diclman. 30.0 E. Commerce St., El Paso, Tex, Ft. Worth Lime Works, Pine & Kennedy St., Ft. Worth, Tex. Wm. Walsh & Co.. Round Rock. Tex. Brandon Lime & Marble Co., Leicester Junction. Vt. H. C. Palmer, New Haven, Vf. Rockbridge Lime Co., Lexington. Va. E. Dillon's Sons, Buchanan, Va. Riverton Lime Co., Riverton, Va. A. S. Lees & Sons Co., 108 S. 13th St.. Richmond. Va. Fcllsworth Lime Works. Staunton, Va. ^.I. J. Grove Lime Co., Stephens Cit;. . Va. Eureka Lime Co., Vicar Sv;itch, Va. Powhattan Lime Co., '^•rasburg. Va. Artlnir F. Garbcr, Marble Valley. \"a. Rockbridge Lime and Stone Co., Lexington. \'a. T. C. Andrews &• Co.. Norfolk. \"a. Mib.vaukee Falls Lime Cc-. Humboldt Ave.. Milwaukee. Wis. Slieboygan Lime Works, Sheboygan, Wis. Standard Lime & Stone Co.. Buckhorn, W. Va. Grecnb.ricr Portland Cement Co . Fort Spnrg. W. Va,. Washington Bldg. Lime Co.. B.Jccrton, W. \'a. Fe.'elci'ah AicDowel!. Marttnsburg, Vv. Va. Sfsrdard Lime & S'one Co., .Ma'tin^burg. W. Vj Virginia Line S- Cemem Oo.. Pcrs.-.r.s. \V. V?. Standard Lime & Store Co., K-a-reysviile ^V. Va. Harcers Ferry Lirr.f. Co MillviH'.- W. Va. The Capitol. Print. ItSS NORTH H1C-. COLUMBUS, IH