liar Vr " 137520 m CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ™lSli»i,l?.'jr^\,.i?.,..LaM.& . Englyshe oljn.anx 3 1924 031 785 755 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031785755 Botb in Latyn ^ Englyjhe A facfimile reprint of the earlieft extant Englifli Reading Book. WITHSIN INTRODUCTION BY El^'sySHUCKBURGH, M.A., Librarian of Emmanuel College. r LONDON : ELLIOT STOCK, 62, Paternoster Row, E.G. 1889. PREFACE. npHE following pages contain a facftmile, produced by photography, of what is believed to be a unique fpecimen of one of the ABC Primers, publifhed foon after the breach with Rome, in the reign of Henry VIII, It is now preferved in the Library of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. The ufe of fuch primers was, as the name implies, educational. They were to be the firft books placed in the hands of a child, and to contain all that was neceflary for him to know, to enable him to underftand the rudiments of the Chriftian Religion, and to join in the fervices of the Church, and even to ferve at Mafs, or, as it is called, ' to help a Prieft to fing.' Beginning, therefore, with the Alphabet, VI Preface. it goes on to the firfl: fentence pronounced by the Prieft, in Latin and Englifh ; then to Pater Nofter, alfo in Latin and Englifh, and the Hail Mary, alfo in both languages, and concludes with certain prayers and graces to be ufed before and after meals. This primer has no date ; but it was printed by Thomas Petyt, *at London, in Paules' Chyrch yarde, at the Sygne of the Mayden's head.' Thomas Petyt, or Petit, suppofed to be a relation of a famous French printer John Petit, printed at London from 1536 to about 1554 ; and in 1538, among other things, printed 'The Pater Nofter, the Crede, and the Commande- ments of God, in Englyfhe, with many other Godly lefTons. Ryght neceflary for youth and all other to lerne and know accordynge to the Commandements and Injunctions : gyven by thauftorite of the kynges hyghnes ; through this his realme.'* The prefent ABC may be regarded, perhaps, as an introdu6lion to this larger primer ; and * Herbert's Ames, p. 553. Preface. vii the late Mr. Bradfliaw, in a paper read before the Antiquarian Society, in May, 1875, exprefled himfelf as ' fatisfied that it muft have been printed about 1538.' He alfo mentions other editions of the ABC: i., in London, by William Powell, without date, but probably about 1547 ; 11., in London, by John Day, without date, but by internal evidence fliown to have been printed between March and July, 1553 ; III., one printed in Dublin, in Englilh and Irifli, for the Stationers' Company, in 1631. The objedt of primers, to which the ABC was thus a kind of introduction, and what they were expedted to contain, is fet forth in the pre- face to 'thenglyfh primer,' publifhed by au- thority in 1535 : ' It was never ordeyned, o good reder, without the fingler providence, and mofte abundaunt grace ^of almightie god, that the multitude of chriftn people Ihuld lerne by herte the ten com- maundements of almightie god, the beleve, called the Crede, and the prayer of the lorde, called the Pater nofter. For truely he that under- viii Preface. ftandeth thefe thre, hath the pythe of all thofe thynges, whiche holy fcripture doth conteyne, and whatfoever may be taught neceflarily unto a faithfull chriftian, and that not only purely and plentifully, but thereto fo briefly and clerely, that no man can compleyne, or excufe hymfelfe juftly, fyth that knowledge, which is of neceflity required to the atteyninge of the lyfe eternall, is neither tedious, no yet harde, but that it may be well had and goten of all that have grace.'* It will be feen that the three things fet down as neceflary are, the Ten Commandments, the Creed, and the Lord's Prayer. But the ABC primer here reproduced omits the Command- ments, as probably did others. Accordingly, in an Englifh primer of 1 545-6, printed by Richard Grafton, * printer and fervaunte to our mofte dereft fonne Prince Edward, with Edward Whitechurch, citizen of London,' this defedt is fupplied ; though the Commandments are given in a ihortened form — the fourth, for inftance, * Imprynted at London, in Fleteftreet, by John Byddell, for William Marftiall, 1535. Preface. ix confifting of one claufe, ' Remember that thou keep holy the Sabbath daye ' ; and the fifth only • Honor thy fether and thy mother ' ; while the tenth begins, 'Thou flialt not unjuftly desire.'* The words of the Royal injundtion attached to this and other official primers will beft indi- cate the pofition of the unauthorized ABC primers, fuch as that here reproduced : 'Among the manifolde bufinefs an moft weightie affaires appertaining to our regal authoritie and office, we much tenderyng the youthe of our realmes, (whofe good education and vertuous bringing up redouneth moft highly to ye honoure and prayfe of almyghtie God) for divers good confiderations, and fpecially for that the youth by divers perfonnes are taught the Pater Nofter, Ave Maria, Crede, and X Com- mandementes, al in Latin, and not in Englifli, by meanes whereof the fame are not brought up in y"= knowledg of ther faith, duties and obedi- * The copy in the Emmanuel Library is imperfedl ; part of the Calendar is loft, and if it had the ABC, that is loft alfo. X Preface. ence, wherein no Chriften perfon ought to be ignoraunt. And for that cure people and fubjedtes whych have no underflanding in the Latin tong and yet have the knowledge of readyng, may praye in theyr vulgar tong, which is to them beft knowne : that by the meane thereof thei ftiuld be the more provoked to true devotion, and the better fet their hartes upo thofe thinges that they pray for. And finally, for the avoyding of the diver fit ie of -primer books that ar now abrod, wherof ar almofi innumerable fortes, which mynifter occafion of contentions and vain difputations, rather then to edify, and to have one uniforme ordre of al fuch bookes throughout al our dominions, both to be taught unto children and alfo to be ufed for ordinary prayers of all our people not learned in the latyn tong : have fet fiirth thys Primer or boke of prayers in Englyfh to be frequented and ufed in and throughout all places of oure faid realmes and dominions, as well of the elder people, as alfo of the youth, for their common and ordinary prayers, willing, commaundyng Preface. xi and ftreghtly chargyng that for the better bring- ing up of youth in the knowledge of theyr duty towardes God, their prince, and all others in their degre, every Scholemafter and bringer-up of yong beginners in lernyng nexte after their ABC now bi us alfo Jet furthe, do teache this primer or boke of ordinary prayers unto them in Englyflie, and that the youth cuftomably and ordinarily ufe the fame until thei be of compe- tent underftanding and knowledge to perceive it in Latyn, At which time they may at their libertie ether ufe this primer in Englifhe, or that whiche is by oure authoritie likewyfe made in the Latyn tong, in all poindes correfpondent unto this in Englyfhe.' This paflage ftates fully the objed of fuch ABC primers, namely, to ferve as an ele- mentary reading-book, and a firft book of re- ligious inftrudlion for children, as well as of ordinary prayers for adults. It alfo ftiows that, befides the authorized editions, numberlefs others were publiflied, differing in details, ac- cording as their authors were more or lefs xii Preface. inclined to depart from the old formularies or doftrines. The attempt to confine the people to the ufe of one authorized primer was, doubt- lefs, unfuccefsful ; and In fadt, the words of the Aft, 34-5 Henry VIII., ' for the advancement of the true religion and for the abolifhment of the contrary,' feems to except Pfalter, Primers, Pater Nofter, Ave, and Creede in Englifli, from among thofe books that were not to be read by 'women, artificers, 'prentifes, journeymen, ferving-men of the degree of yeomen or under, hufbandmen nor labourers.' This book, then, is the earlieft known fpeci- men of this clafs of unauthorized primers, con- taining the alphabet, and the prayers and elementary religious formularies ufed in the teaching of children and the daily life of home. t^ (i(g t. C %t^t' 20 ^ C tD^ietn (atpti q r X tst t)tixp$9 fta':^mm* a e t u a t 1 a m eb'tb Ob nb ba be bi bo bit ae ee tr or ue ra tt n to at ab eb tb ob ub oa be b( bo bu af ef if of uf fa fe fit fo fti aj^egtjiostisfiaaegigoga xnnomtne pati:£ (rmn ^ Qnrmts (mictt. ::^men* c3lnQ)enameof t|)e if atl^er anb of ^e dmntanb of l^ernollerqmltsmc^ nancttf^cettn^ no!ne(( ttnh l^^lAiemaitegmimitmm mcei&etmtetta. ^g^anemnoOmm fOIfbetanos;amalo« :^mett. 0(iatfeti)etn)l)tcl)artinl)mm ))alolbeD be tl)p uame %tt ti)i bpSl^ome come to \)$*%\j(^ Xbpl De faXt^iitD as XbeU m earti)/ as; it mitt t)euen* (0pue t>$it)i$ tiap our Dapl? as tbe fbigpue ti^em tf^at oGlrnd t)S. :^tD l^jbs not be onercom b^ t^ cv^. but beUuet issfro atkUtlL:$tit l25eneineta ta m ihultetib^/et be tiebtttuB ^tttis y^imtis t\n Splits* nl^'^iz ^ar? 6tn of star^' out id2be IS xwYi tl)ey bijpflirb arte tfiou amoiiaeau i!bome($ bitflTto ts ® e fcupte oft l)p tbombe 3efus :3li!t aiacbo mbefi patctni ounttpo tentem creatozem tett et tirte et m jefttm OtviM film nm hntm Domtnu tio&m.^ui tottptusfft De ^iutnmtto mt^ tt matta tntgrne {laotts nibponao pflatoitmnamisi m5^u0 $ tepulttm* Defc^dtt ao td fi^a^tettta me tt(mn\tmnoinm MtmmmofS auet aDDotri^m oet pamff iimn4>otenttB;.3nDe beti^ mru^ellfttmcate t)mofif itmomos^ GteDo f n q)ftttum Canrtfi/Daotctam mtenam cat|H)IitSirancto$ c5mudi onein/ taiUi!itme)^matoifi / tamr^ ceOtmctton^ et mtam ^tmtH'Zmt •-W- 2i5Vieue in dafou t^ ifati&er M JL mp5fl)t?e cteatoar of Imien f eatti)* :^Dm|)(0 oneipfonejefu^ CDit^eourlo^ne* M^it^tXtiutimn teptteo bp tDe fiolp sDoOt/ aim tnmc ofti)ebtrjSpni^tp. tD^u^fnfftm t)iu>er)^ome Inflate/ atmn)a0 mi$ ip^ anD upeD/ aiU) n^a^ inn^^i Znti Wtmrytn m to tl)e f^tiitm anD toft agapnttljet!)p;it)e Dap ted tittlj CO lpfe*^nD aCcenoeo m to t!)e Deals $ fpttetlb on tbe rpgtu: i)anDe of tf^t fettKt almpgl^tp* ^no fftal come a gapne/f moge botl) qupcfec 9 oeau • X Jjpleue in tl)e l)olp.$l)oft/anO tfte §0!? tt^m^ catpolpfte/tlje ftolp torn mimponoffe^ntea/f tftetejnpflion of f^tes/f tl)e generau tefurtecQ^o of ^e boop f foule/anti euetladpng lpfe.^mg* Ho belpt^ p^ft to fpiig, Clotifitemtnt Dno etuomam bonds: fi^uomiin feculu imftncoiota etus^ a£)nfiteoz oeo 1 beate i^ane / oinmbusCams et bobts/quta peccaui ntmts cositattone lomttone etjopete mea culpa. i^;tecoit fanctam i^arii/oesfanctosbeiet bos^o^are {Rome;- jQltfcreatnr lot&ti ommpo> tm&hzmitttnmitm Dobti^omnta peceata beftra : tthmt us ob mtti mmmmttttanftmttin bom et pttDtoat td^ at) btt^ etetna.;^nen H Dtutd;ttum nodnim m nomine tromim^jQmfimtcemm et terrain. B tt nomtnuni tmtcOjcta. €r boc ntmt f bfq? m (mivuSmt f lepton X f e elepifem'g r;ipe ritpfon^C^e qnenttaranctt euangelti fectmoum/ ^ammeitl^t&t Hum / 3ol)ann^* (i5ioMtea SrattasLiUctttieCcat m pace. Zmm* C^mce to be Ciarb befine better. Beneotcite. Dnsf* ^Oe e^edof toerp ti^ngebo lofte bp / anb mntm, X!)on opmtfl; tD? t^amlse f l»oe(li:epieit^e euec^ (imf^lilecce^ tittati)e famt / to t^e done/ $ to^tiie |)olt$|)oft« MS tt U)as; m tl)e bem n]fn5e f f ast itts mvot^mtt ($an Dt:4m^.XIo;t)e imue mercp on bs; CXD^pCte i^ane itieccppn t)S* Ilojttie pine mefcp on t^s: Ont fati[)et« $c. dtnoiett^sinot broum$meb|ttem ptacpott* 3k5ttt Odpttet Dsf ftom all muZtmih fmvotktiosaiipw, @^oi)DIoitDebl^et)S^falltDP9?ft[ ia)|)ittltt)eCl)altecepneoft|)ebpt|)p HOuhteotfliiiQie tl^oiom Cb^pll out lo^e^mou Oio^oecomihaunDe tl^OtttompOt ttDeb^nseofetet^ naiipi^p maite tetobepemnats m ^atitt mtiutt^ in goD/atm goty OfOD mai^e ntbeii m hSi anD t^t M in(ip Dtt)eil m f)ptu « ;^men. CC^rate after Dimer. /TV l^e8oDofpeatei$feueutbtU \Xamavtrb\tfy\)ii. O ILo^c liauemercponts;^ tX^anftes^tieiO lOD. & ooD lo^Dclet all tt)v U)0^f 3 ipuc unoiukDgc to tiyt i anD let tl)i> )Q\^ fapntes gyue bl^pnge to tfte . G \o;v be to toe fatl)er*f c ♦ W e gpue tljanucfi? to tfte almj^sljtj? aooeb^ail top l)npuet(iill a^es $ Benefited/ ttftirfte ipaeft f tepgnefte a$ aoo t|)o;H)ui2^out all tj^e mmt O aiipenacponfflattDepetfteioittt; :4itD all pe people pj^pfe pe ftpitt p^pcaufeftig mettpew co^^neo ok m antk tDe tmetli of our lo^oe oot& remapne etecnalip^ Oiorv ^t to fc Xto;Or|ianemm?onl)0» CD;(p&e !)atte tttetcp on bsi^no^oe l)aue met ryinljs. €)ur: fattier n)l)icl)att(fc; Cl|);i?fte OpO Opftrpbute ^oooetf / ^ Saue tt to t|)e poo;e* JD is mdf ce abpoetl; m tl)e voojint t^Vaotlhts* X n^aUblpflfeour Uo^oemeuerpe ^me. Dtsip^taKebeeuetmo^m inp motttt)e. , p foufe (liaUie p;ap ftomoutloitoe* flettl^emtdatbe gentpu l)eace/ f tfiep O^all tDerofDe $lao* iilasm^epet^eio^Dett)ttD nie/$ let 1)$ exalte gt$ name Vmtlytn Dpm(eUe« ^lp(reDbetl)enameof onrto^oefro tJ)e begpnpnge»^oU)r anti enetti)?ougl)eoutt!)e n)o;tli)e* i^plefiparp* jfBomeltti^afpmpe. o:onct)rafe t|)ou lo;Dt $00 to gpue etmauipfetmtoal people oopnij^e ^010 t>gftnt^^ot^n$mt'Zmi to out lo^tse $DD^6^oD scmmtti)B$ t^t rou!e$ of all fa^ttjUun people oe^ parteo out of tf^is VooiM i bp Ijiis mere? map reft m eternal lj?ft 3fmf Gf^ piefente i)t$ c{)p;bd[) trnpaerfal Zvsy^ ci)p;(|) of etisiano fpenall :^i> ^e fup^ne l^eco tl^erof outre ftpnge. :3litograutttDstl)eblp®; UjitftoutenDpnge* ;amen* Calbe fatpfpcD : i\^v^ tDat ftfte ftpm/ tljep? Iiertcg ano mpuocs f Ijal Ipue tn the mm of »)o?lDe0* 0io?p be to ft. Jlpitoe !)attemercpottl)S»«» Out TO&erttDlcDart, jQetbsp^ap ^r. Ooobtebeblpflebs^fc. Oteoc commaanbr tQou to Di^e. ttfit etrman Kpngc of glozr tetttinTie tjg tb* tlje !tif ate of itj^ ftjtritt taa font. ftX %t ^tiiz of out \mt jeat rD;tp(l t|)e c{)arrtc of $oD/ti)e commmtj^on ofti)e!)olt>tc|;folle/bceuet)lnt|)b.9 au:^nien* l5;teabetotlK!)un$rp ti^ b;teaoe. :5no b;vn$t tlje nebji itimanitiDanDecpng men into tl^ tyoufe* Wi)eiiti)Dnftcllonei)are coutr l)pm / 9nD Dp());tapn^ not tDpne on)neb;tott)ersboo^ tX!fyxf& t*)e almpG to lo?Ot Cupet^ estate alter D}^ner. /j»*Y i!^e<0obof peafeanDof lone \JLoibeuam)apU)rttit)jefi tr tie inetcpfuil goD s^net of mercp f)at]) ntaDeainfinoipofl)tsmetaetB:. i^e l>ati)e spuen meate to all tl[)efttt|ai: xmXi$ lipjtu tJJtep be to t^et^et. Weg|^uethanHe0totl)e 9U befoitumtt* rj^y l^e tpSjjtDonDe of jjoD bl^ VAourmeatetton) bwngfytfff^ $e name tiitl^t&iStmt^ fone f t« IC ^ot|Kr(stacefober^ befbjtetiymetiuro^er* fo? t^p Stace tneftelr ttie call * Xiimtmmtiit^fiitbtc, f cetera *Cr^|tt>ttf ftelltton) letiu W?tf Ba^e^p^fc. laumitttsm bmtmimnt. tiimmttom 6oXfmam%ua oup^efenteVf c C7«n otiieT gcace to oe fa^e ^ntero^ncro^btqttr. «01tpffet>beoin:lo?tje'tbl)(c|) of A3 f^is $race* i^ati) fenDe \)& one IbDe/is^oob tpme/ani) fpace. J J o?iie fta«e mettp on tJs.Qlj^pfte aue mercp.f c^Ll^lanbes beto ij^oD* ZZaaoe ano p;apre/l)onont:e/anD $(o;p.26e to t|^t loiio ti[)at tepgne^i on l)pe» W&ofe great mere? is mn teop* iTo an tt^ttn tl)at fo;t tt mv 1kt)ettb;ttlanDebeto Opmetrmall* X! oU)e bl^o be t|)e name of onre lo;be.i^oibeanoeuertt)o;olbe ont tt)eibo;lbe« :^men« 0oo p^eme ^10 cl)p;iti[)e bntarrfalUfc. Cii^zatebeOozefoupec Beheoicite. 2Domin^»B^t!)at Spnetl) all tliphge / nolib fan^ ttfp ont (bttpet« 3n tl)e name of. f c« Comm^* 3Sl?ireti f$S(^ mail IM 8pft^/ ano |)oip m all Ws mms* %ttt^m be otir Delpe m tj^e name of j^oD iD|^ri[) liatl^ maoe K^etten anD eart|^» Sipff'^i) ^^ ti)^ ttame«fc»^0Qd[)4t. C€r;tace at eilet afo;(e Dper* Y^<5tt^wcite»2i>ommttff* ttftifS A>is?tl^eDai^lb()iicl^eotir S.o;toe matie/let 1)0 tope ano De ^m in ^e fame* 0lo;pe be to t^e « $c* Xlo^De l^ue mercp on b$$c.:^D let t>s not 6fc* noibe let t>B:. f e. GTooo io;(t)t ft. Olo?i>e*f c» tlfteftinseof*^^*'' Cad pe out dene tf^e oioe leuen tl)&t remape benetbe oolbQt) a0peai:e tbe mm mntifoi €Uv^ our €Qei: HamDets oi^reofo^bd/ttierfo^let 1)0 ftoe m our tt)^e* :^en. C e fatl)tr« ^c. O Cf)?pfte I m tl)p refurceccpon tlje I)enm0 auo ti)e eartl) be giati. Cllctlidpiap. ^^^00 lOitDentruDe t!)eQ)tt:pte \J of tl)p cftarptc in be / t^at b^ 4^ppttetl)oumap(l mahebeagte^ ai>letott)o(etl)pn$e0 tbl)ic|)et$oti l^aflie maoe bp ti)p l)oip pafcall ^a^ ci^inente^. 2&p t^atCiame out lo;itir 3r(U C!);tpfl: tl)pfoneXb!)icf) ipuetfr attb repmtl) ibtti) ti)e ae goo m tt)e lintte of tHe fame l)oip fptrpte bp all tf)e rbo;iiDe of rbo;tioe$* Zrvm* %\)tiim i^6miatmDetnmte0. 53 o?D fimit me gtace to f^om tl)e ^Dneaob $muer tonbctembapne %ijl^ ^\^ Dap to be^eptebf me. idp? parenteff to ober^ $ mapter>ne iBv tt^on^ ne DeDe ho man to ^pU :^o robbe not to dtalt no tbl^ete ^o; to DO letfjerp m acte o;t Bipll 25r no Ipet/ no^ ^Ife ll)ptnelli? bete fioi to bef?ott)et timuU ^mtt«* f: Jmp^pttteu atHonWS ttt^tties l)P^tl^epat0eatthe t^s^ottfft mapOen0lKciijbptpomfl(0 ]dit?t. ( (